query: Charles II of England died on 13 February 1685.

pos: Charles II of England Charles II ( 29 May 1630 -- 6 February 1685 ) was king of England , Scotland and Ireland . He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651 , and king of England , Scotland and Ireland from the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death .   Charles II 's father , Charles I , was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649 , at the climax of the English Civil War . Although the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649 , England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth , and the country was a de facto republic , led by Oliver Cromwell . Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 , and Charles fled to mainland Europe . Cromwell became virtual dictator of England , Scotland and Ireland , and Charles spent the next nine years in exile in France , the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands . A political crisis that followed the death of Cromwell in 1658 resulted in the restoration of the monarchy , and Charles was invited to return to Britain . On 29 May 1660 , his 30th birthday , he was received in London to public acclaim . After 1660 , all legal documents were dated as if he had succeeded his father as king in 1649 .   Charles 's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code , designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England . Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he favoured a policy of religious tolerance . The major foreign policy issue of his early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War . In 1670 , he entered into the secret treaty of Dover , an alliance with his first cousin King Louis XIV of France . Louis agreed to aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay him a pension , and Charles secretly promised to convert to Catholicism at an unspecified future date . Charles attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence , but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it . In 1679 , Titus Oates 's revelations of a supposed `` Popish Plot '' sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles 's brother and heir ( James , Duke of York ) was a Catholic . The crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties . Charles sided with the Tories , and , following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683 , some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile . Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681 , and ruled alone until his death on 6 February 1685 . He was received into the Roman Catholic Church on his deathbed .   Charles was popularly known as the Merry Monarch , in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans . Charles 's wife , Catherine of Braganza , bore no live children , but Charles acknowledged at least twelve illegitimate children by various mistresses . He was succeeded by his brother James .

neg: Charles II Charles II may refer to :   Charles the Bald ( 823 -- 877 ) , king of the West Franks and Holy Roman Emperor  Charles II of Naples ( 1254 -- 1309 )  Charles II of Alençon ( 1297 -- 1346 )  Charles II of Navarre ( 1332 -- 1387 )  Charles II , Duke of Lorraine ( 1364 -- 1431 )  Charles II , Duke of Bourbon ( 1434 -- 1488 )  Charles II , Duke of Savoy ( 1489 -- 1496 )  Charles II , Archduke of Inner Austria ( 1540 -- 1590 )  Charles II , Duke of Elbeuf ( 1596 -- 1657 )  Charles II , Duke of Mantua and Montferrat ( 1629 -- 1665 )  Charles II of England ( 1630 -- 1685 ) , Scotland and Ireland  Charles II , Elector Palatine ( 1651 -- 1685 )  Charles II of Spain ( 1661 -- 1700 )  Charles VI , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1685 -- 1740 ) , also known as Charles II of Bohemia  Charles de Secondat , baron de Montesquieu ( 1689 -- 1755 ) , French political philosopher of the Enlightenment era  Charles II , Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz ( 1741 -- 1816 )  Charles II of Norway ( 1748 -- 1818 ) , also known as Charles XIII of Sweden  Charles II of Sweden ( 1409 -- 1470 ) , usually called Charles VIII  Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel ( 1744 -- 1836 )  Charles II , Duke of Parma ( 1799 -- 1883 )  Charles II , Duke of Guelders ( 1467 -- 1538 )  Charles II , Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal ( 1803 -- 1868 )  Charles II , Lord of Monaco ( 1555 -- 1589 )  Charles II , Duke of Brunswick ( 1804 -- 1873 )  Charles II , Count of Nevers ( died 1521 )  Charles II , Margrave of Baden-Durlach ( 1529 -- 1577 )  Charles Christian II ( 1818 -- 1886 )  Charles II , Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ( 1547 -- 1606 )  Charles Ridgely II ( 1702 -- 1772 )  Charles Scribner II ( 1854 -- 1930 )  Charles Tyroler II ( died 1995 )  Charles Cabrier II

neg: Jane Howard, Duchess of Norfolk Jane Howard , Duchess of Norfolk ( née Bickerton ; 1643/4 - 28 August 1693 ) , was the second wife of Henry Howard , 6th Duke of Norfolk .   Bickerton came from a very modest social background . Her parents were Anne Hester and Robert Bickerton , Gentleman of the Wine Cellar to King Charles II of England . She met Howard when he was heir presumptive to his unmarried brother Thomas and became his mistress . She started living with him after the death of his wife , Lady Anne Somerset , in 1662 . Upon his brother 's death in 1677 , Howard succeeded to the dukedom and made his marriage to Bickerton public , though it may have taken place a year earlier , with the Duke 's children by Lady Anne Somerset protesting against the marriage . Family feeling became so bad that the Duke went abroad for a time with his new wife .   The Duke and Duchess of Norfolk had four sons , all of whom died childless , and three daughters :   George Howard , married but childless  James Howard , drowned unmarried in August 1702  Frederick Henry Howard ( d. 16 March 1727 ) , married but childless  Lady Catherine Howard , a nun in Flanders  Lady Elizabeth Howard , m. 1st Duke of Gordon , had issue . Later became a nun in Flanders  Lady Philippa Howard ( d. January 1683 ) , who had issue   After the Duke 's death in 1684 , the Duchess married a Scotsman , Thomas Maxwell .   John Evelyn had a very low opinion of her : on a visit to the Duke not long before the latter 's death he wrote uncharitably :   '' Went to visit the Duke of Norfolk and to know whether he would sell me any of his cartoons and other drawings of Raphael and the great masters . He answered me that he would part with and sell anything for money but his wife the Duchess who stood near him ; and I thought with myself that if I were in his condition she should be the first thing that I would be glad to part with .

neg: List of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England, 1642–60 This is a list of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England from 1642 to 1660 , during the English Civil War and the Interregnum .   As King Charles I of England would not assent to Bills from a Parliament at war with him , decrees of Parliament before the Third English Civil War were styled ordinances . The Rump Parliament reverted to using the term `` Act '' on 6 January 1649 when it passed the Act erecting a High Court of Justice for the trial of the King ( when any possibility of reconciliation between King and Parliament was over ) . All but one subsequent decree were termed Acts through to the end of the interregnum . All of these Ordinances and Acts were considered void after the English Restoration due to their lack of Royal Assent .

neg: Charles Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester Charles Edward Montagu , 1st Duke of Manchester PC ( c. 1662 -- 20 January 1722 ) , previously 4th Earl of Manchester , son of Robert Montagu , 3rd Earl of Manchester , was educated at Trinity College , Cambridge , and succeeded to his father 's earldom in 1683 . Warmly sympathizing with the Whig revolution of 1688 , he attended William and Mary at their coronation , and fought under William at the Boyne .   In 1697 , he was sent as an envoy to Venice to try to procure the release of British sailors , but the Venetians proved unwilling to negotiate . On his return in 1698 , he was appointed a privy councillor . The following year he was sent as British ambassador to France , remaining there until the outreak of war in 1701 . He was then briefly appointed Secretary of State for the Southern Department , a post he held between January and May 1702 . He was then out of office until again sent to Venice , as ambassador , but during his time there in 1707 and 1708 , this negotiations ( to persuade Venice to adhere to the Grand Alliance ) were again unsuccessful .   In 1714 he received an appointment in the household of George I , by whom on 28 April 1719 he was created Duke of Manchester . In 1719 he was one of the main subscribers to the Royal Academy of Music ( 1719 ) , a corporation that produced baroque opera on the stage . He died on 20 January 1722 . He was the father of both the 2nd Duke of Manchester and the 3rd Duke of Manchester .

neg: Church of England The Church of England ( C of E ) is the state church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury ( currently Justin Welby ) is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It dates its establishment as a national church to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury .   The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course whereby the English church was to be both Catholic and Reformed :  Catholic in that it views itself as a part of the universal church of Jesus Christ in unbroken continuity with the early apostolic church . This is expressed in its emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers , as formalised in the Apostles ' , Nicene , and Athanasian creeds .  Reformed in that it has been shaped by some of the doctrinal principles of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation , in particular in the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion and the Book of Common Prayer .   In the earlier phase of the English Reformation there were both Catholic martyrs and radical Protestant martyrs . The later phases saw the Penal Laws punish Roman Catholic and nonconforming Protestants . In the 17th century , political and religious disputes raised the Puritan and Presbyterian faction to control of the church , but this ended with the Restoration . Papal recognition of George III in 1766 led to greater religious tolerance .   Since the English Reformation , the Church of England has used a liturgy in English . The church contains several doctrinal strands , the main three known as Anglo-Catholic , Evangelical and Broad Church . Tensions between theological conservatives and progressives find expression in debates over the ordination of women and homosexuality . The church includes both liberal and conservative clergy and members .   The governing structure of the church is based on dioceses , each presided over by a bishop . Within each diocese are local parishes . The General Synod of the Church of England is the legislative body for the church and comprises bishops , other clergy and laity . Its measures must be approved by both Houses of Parliament .

neg: Charles III of England There has not been an English , Scottish nor British king with the title Charles III , but it is sometimes used to refer to :  Charles Edward Stuart ( 1720 -- 1788 ) , Jacobite pretender to the throne  Charles , Prince of Wales ( born 1948 ) , heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom

neg: Duke of Marlborough (title) Duke of Marlborough ( -LSB- localaudio = En-uk-Marlborough . oggˈmɔːlbrə -RSB- ) is a title in the Peerage of England . It was created by Queen Anne in 1702 for John Churchill , 1st Earl of Marlborough ( 1650 -- 1722 ) , the noted military leader , and indeed an unqualified reference to the Duke of Marlborough in a historical text will almost certainly refer to him . The name of the dukedom refers to Marlborough in Wiltshire . It is one of the few titles in the peerage which allows for suo jure '' female inheritance , and the only current dukedom to do so .   The earldom of Marlborough was held by the family of Ley from its creation 1626 until its extinction with the death of the 4th earl in 1679 . The title was recreated 10 years later for John Churchill ( in 1689 ) .

neg: Henry Mildmay Sir Henry Mildmay ( ca. 1593 -- 1668 ) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1659 . He supported the Parliamentarian cause in the English Civil War and was one of the Regicides of Charles I of England .   Mildmay was knighted in 1617 and made Master of the Jewel Office in 1618 . In 1621 , Mildmay was elected Member of Parliament for Maldon . He was elected MP for Westbury in 1624 and Maldon again in 1625 and 1628 . He sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years He attended Charles I on a visit to Scotland in 1639 .   In April 1640 Mildmay was elected MP for Maldon in the Short Parliament . He was re-elected MP for Maldon in the Long Parliament in November 1640 He supported parliament during the Civil War and was a revenue commissioner between 1645 and 1652 . In 1646 he was left as hostage in Scotland . He remained in the Rump Parliament after Pride 's Purge and was present at the trial of Charles I.   Mildmay was a member of the Councils of State from 1649 until 1652 . He was called on to account for the king 's jewels in 1660 and attempted to escape . He was disgraced and sentenced to imprisonment for life . In 1664 a warrant was issued for his transportation to Tangier , where he died four years later .

neg: Caroline era The Caroline or Carolean era refers to the era in English and Scottish history during the Stuart period ( 1603 -- 1714 ) that coincided with the reign of Charles I ( 1625 -- 1642 ) , Carolus being Latin for Charles . The Caroline era followed the Jacobean era , the reign of Charles 's father James I ( 1603 -- 1625 ) ; it was followed by the English Civil War ( 1642 -- 1651 ) and the English Interregnum ( 1651 -- 1660 ) .

neg: Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater Edward Radclyffe , 2nd Earl of Derwentwater ( 1655 -- 29 April 1705 ) was an English peer , styled Viscount Radclyffe from 1688 to 1695 .   He inherited the earldom from his father , Francis Radclyffe , 1st Earl of Derwentwater in 1697 . On 18 August 1687  he had married Lady Mary Tudor , the natural daughter of King Charles II .   Their children were :  James Radclyffe , 3rd Earl of Derwentwater ( 1689 -- 1716 )  Hon. Francis Radclyffe ( 2 February 1691 -- 15 May 1715 )  Hon. Charles Radclyffe ( 1693 -- 1746 )  Lady Mary Tudor Radclyffe ( 6 October 1697 -- 16 March 1756 )

neg: Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries .   After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France .   Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent .   Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history .   The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .

neg: George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich George Goring , 1st Earl of Norwich ( 28 April 1585 -- 6 January 1663 ) was an English soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1628 when he was raised to the peerage .   Goring was the son of George Goring of Hurstpierpoint and Ovingdean , Sussex , and his wife Anne Denny , sister of Edward Denny , 1st Earl of Norwich . He matriculated from Sidney Sussex College , Cambridge in 1600 , and may subsequently have spent some time in Flanders . He was knighted in 1608 , became a favourite at court and benefitted from successful overseas policy and monopolies granted by King Charles I . In 1621 he was elected Member of Parliament for Lewes . He was made Knight Marshal in 1623 . He was re-elected MP for Lewes in , 1624 , 1625 , 1626 and 1628 . In 1628 he was created Baron Goring . He became a privy councillor in 1639 and Vice-Chamberlain of the Household .   One year later the troubles between Charles and his Parliament became acute and Goring devoted his fortune freely to the royal cause ; the king in November 1644 recreated for him the title which he created in 1628 for Lord Denny , Earl of Norwich , his uncle , which had just become extinct on his death . He went with Queen Henrietta Maria to the Netherlands in 1642 to raise money for the king , and in the autumn of the next year he was seeking arms and money from Cardinal Mazarin in Paris . His acts were revealed to the parliament in January 1644 by an intercepted letter to Henrietta Maria . He was consequently impeached of high treason but prudently remained abroad until 1647 , albeit deprived of his lands and income , when he received a pass from parliament under a pretext of seeking reconciliation .   Thus he was able to take a prominent part in the Second Civil War of 1648 . He commanded the Kentish levies , which Fairfax dispersed at Maidstone and elsewhere and was forced to surrender unconditionally at Colchester . Norwich 's refusal to surrender , even after the cause was known to be hopeless and the people of the town begged him to surrender , was considered to be against the rules of war . Two of his commanders were executed after the siege for their part in it . Norwich was condemned to exile in November 1648 by a vote of the House of Commons , but the next month the vote was annulled .   Early in the next year a court formed under John Bradshaw and tried : Norwich , the Duke of Hamilton , Lord Capel , the Earl of Holland and Sir John Owen . Each received a death sentence on 6 March 1649 , but petitions for mercy were presented to parliament , and Norwich 's life was spared by the Speaker 's casting vote . Shortly after his liberation from prison in May 1649 he joined the exiled court of Charles II who employed him in fruitless negotiations with the duke of Lorraine . He became captain of the king 's guard at the Restoration , and in consideration of the fortune he had spent or income he had foregone in the king 's service a pension of 2000 pounds per year was granted him .   Norwich died at Brentford on 6 January 1663 .

neg: Andrew Broughton Andrew Broughton ( 1602/3 -- 1687 ) was Clerk of the Court at the High Court of Justice for the trial King Charles I of England .   There are not many records of his early life . He was probably born in Seaton , Rutland as the younger son of Richard Broughton ( d. 1635 ) . By 1627 Broughton was living in Maidstone , Kent and in 1639 he was appointed clerk of the peace for the county of Kent by the Earl of Pembroke who was at that time Lord Chamberlain . He lost this position under the machinations surrounding the start of the English Civil War , specifically his involvement in the impeachment of Earl of Strafford and the imprisonment of Geoffrey Palmer for protesting against the Grand Remonstrance .   `` Broughton was a member of the Kent county committee from 1643 . He acted as attorney on behalf of the corporation of Maidstone during the First English Civil War . In November 1648 he was elected Mayor of the town . Two months later he was appointed Clerk of the Court at the High Court of Justice for the trial King Charles I of England . As Clerk of the Court , it was Broughton who read out the charge against the king and required him to plead , and at the end of the trial declared the court 's sentence of death .   During the English Interregnum he served as a member of the Barebones Parliament , on the Council of State between 14 July 1653 and November 1653 , and in the Third Protectorate Parliament in which `` Towards Richard himself he was positively insulting '' ( Woolrych , 222 ) .   At the Restoration Broughton , was exempted from the general pardon under the Indemnity and Oblivion Act , and was likely to lose his life -- The other clerk at the trial , John Phelps was also exempted but only for `` penalties not extending to Life '' -- so Broughton and Phelps fled , reports in 1662 placed them in Hamburg , but later that year Broughton arrived in Lausanne in Switzerland where several other regicides were residing . In 1664 he travelled to Bern with Edmund Ludlow and Nicholas Love , to thank the senate of Bern for their offer of sanctuary . Broughton remained in exile for 25 years dying peacefully in Vevey , where he was buried in the church of St Martin .

neg: Jacobean architecture The Jacobean style is the second phase of Renaissance architecture in England , following the Elizabethan style . It is named after King James I of England , with whose reign ( 1603-1625 in England ) it is associated . At the start of James ' reign there was little stylistic break in architecture , as Elizabethan trends continued their development . However his death in 1625 came as a decisive change towards more classical architecture , with Italian influence , was in progress , led by Inigo Jones ; the style this began is sometimes called Stuart architecture , or English Baroque ( though the latter term may be regarded as starting later ) .   Courtiers continued to build large prodigy houses , even though James spent less time on summer progresses round his realm than Elizabeth had . The influence of Flemish and German Northern Mannerism increased , now often executed by immigrant craftsmen and artists , rather than obtained from books as in the previous reign . There continued to be very little building of new churches , though a considerable amount of modifications to old ones , but a great deal of secular building .

neg: Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland Charles Palmer , later FitzRoy , 2nd Duke of Cleveland , 1st Duke of Southampton , KG , Chief Butler of England ( 18 June 1662 -- 9 September 1730 ) , styled Baron Limerick before 1670 and Earl of Southampton between 1670 and 1675 , was the eldest son of Barbara Palmer , Countess of Castlemaine ( née Barbara Villiers , later 1st Duchess of Cleveland ) and the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England , Scotland and Ireland . As the putative son of Roger Palmer , 1st Earl of Castlemaine , his nominal father , he was styled Lord Limerick from birth . His birth marked the separation of his parents ; Lord Castlemaine , a Roman Catholic , had him baptised into the Roman Catholic faith , but six days later the King had him re-christened into the Church of England .   In 1670 , at the age of eight , he was betrothed to Mary Wood , daughter of Sir Henry Wood , Clerk of the Green Cloth , but with the proviso that the marriage be delayed until Mary turned 16 . Following the death of her father , the Duchess of Cleveland more or less abducted Mary , with the intention of bringing her up with her own children . He had no children of this marriage but had from his second marriage to Anne Pulteney .   In 1675 he was created Duke of Southampton and upon the death of his mother in 1709 he became 2nd Duke of Cleveland , by a special remainder in the Dukedom which allowed it to pass to him , even though he was illegitimate . He died aged 68 .

neg: Gunselm de Badlesmere Guncelin de Badlesmere ( 12321301 ) , son of Bartholomew de Badlesmere ( died 1248 ) , was Justice of Chester and Cheshire in England .   Guncelin de Badlesmere was appointed to the office of Justice of Chester and Cheshire on 16 October 1274 . He held this position until 1281 , when Reynold de Grey was appointed to this role and Gunselm was instructed to deliver the associated premises to him with effect from 29 September of that year .   An example of his close connection with the Crown appears in the account of the delivery of the royal seal of King Edward I by his son Edward to the Lord Chancellor , John de Langeton , which took place at Tonbridge Castle , Kent on 27 August 1297 , with Sir Guncelin de Badlesmere being one of the witnesses .   Gunselin was evidently still alive on 22 March 1299/1300 , when Walter de Gloucester , as `` escheator this side the Trent '' , was instructed to investigate allegations that Guncelm had damaged property belonging to the estate of Edward , son and heir of Philip Burnel , a minor whom the King had committed into Guncelin 's custody .   On 13 April 1301 , a writ was issued to initiate enquiries into the identity of the next heir of lands that had been held directly from the King by Guncelin de Badlesmere . Presumably , he had died shortly before that date . An inquisition post mortem held on 30 April of that year in respect of land he held in Kent at Badlesmere and Donewelleshethe confirmed that the next heir was his son Bartholomew de Badlesmere , 1st Baron Badlesmere ( 12751322 ) .   By 4 October 1302 , it was established that the damage to Edward Burnel 's inheritance had taken place before Gunselin became involved . Therefore , the lands concerned were to be delivered to the executors of Gunselin 's will .   He died in the 29th year of the reign of Edward I ( in 1301 ) , and was buried in Badlesmere church , where in 1800 it was reported that his wooden cross-legged effigy could still be found .

neg: State funerals in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom , a state funeral is usually reserved for a monarch . The last such funeral was held in 1952 for King George VI . In addition , very exceptionally , a state funeral may be held to honour a highly distinguished figure , with the approval of the monarch and with Parliament 's approval ( of the expenditure of public funds ) . This last happened in 1965 for Sir Winston Churchill .   Other funerals ( including those of senior members of the Royal Family and high-ranking public figures ) may share many of the characteristics of a state funeral without being gazetted as such ; for these , the term ` ceremonial funeral ' is used . In the 21st century , the funerals of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ( 2002 ) and Baroness Thatcher ( 2013 ) have fallen into this category .   Along with the funeral service itself ( which will be a large-scale national occasion ) , these events tend to be characterized by the use of a gun carriage to transport the coffin between locations , accompanied by a procession of military bands and detachments along with mourners and other officials . They may also feature a lying in state and other associated ceremonies .

neg: Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death .   In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation .   Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom .   Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War .   Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .

neg: Thomas Reynell Thomas Reynell ( 13 September 1625 -- 1698 ) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1654 and 1689 .   Reynell was the eldest son of Sir Richard Reynell of East Ogwell , Devon and his wife Mary Reynell , daughter of Richard Reynell of Creedy Widger . He was educated at Exeter College , Oxford in 1640 and entered Middle Temple in 1641 . In 1647 he was J.P. . He succeeded to the family estates on the death of his father in 1648 . In 1649 he was called to the bar .   Reynell was JP for Devon again and was commissioner for assessment for Devon in 1652 . He was JP for Devon again in 1653 and remained in post until 1660 . In 1654 , he was elected Member of Parliament for Devon for the First Protectorate Parliament . He was re-elected MP for Devon in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament . He was commissioner for assessment in 1657 and commissioner for militia in 1659 . In 1659 he was elected MP for Ashburton in the Third Protectorate Parliament .   Reynell was commissioner for assessment from January 1660 to 1663 and commissioner for militia in March 1660 . He did not stand for parliament after the Restoration when he was described as `` an arrant Presbyterian and a very dangerous Commonwealthman '' . He became JP for Devon again in August 1660 until 1676 . In 1667 he was commissioner for inquiry into the Newfoundland government . He was commissioner for assessment from 1673 to 1680 and commissioner for recusants for Devon in 1675 . From 1677 to 1678 he was High Sheriff of Devon . He was elected MP for Ashburton again for the two parliaments of 1679 and in 1681 . In May 1685 , he was taken into custody prior to the Duke of Monmouth 's invasion . He was JP for Devon again from 1687 until his death . In March 1688 he was commissioner for inquiry into recusancy fines for Devon , Dorset and Cornwall and from May to October 1688 he was Deputy Lieutenant . He was alderman for Totnes from April to October 1688 . In 1689 he was elected MP for Ashnurton again . He was commissioner for assessment from 1689 to 1690 .   Reynell died at the age of 73 and was buried at East Ogwell on 1 March 1698 .   Reynell married firstly Mary Bennet , daughter of John Bennet of London and had a son and four daughters . He married secondly by licence dated 25 July 1673 , Elizabeth Gould , widow of William Vincent , merchant of Exeter , and daughter of James Gould , merchant of London . They had three sons and two daughters and wassucceeded by his eldest son by the second marriage , who was MP for Ashburton between 1702 and 1734 .

neg: Restoration (Scotland) The Restoration was the return of the monarchy to Scotland in 1660 after the period of the Commonwealth , and the subsequent three decades of Scottish history until the Revolution and Convention of Estates of 1689 . It was part of a wider Restoration in the British Isles that included the return of the Stuart dynasty to the thrones of England and Ireland in the person of Charles II .   As military commander of the Commonwealth 's largest armed force , George Monck , governor-general in Scotland , was instrumental in the restoration of Charles II , who was proclaimed king in Edinburgh on 14 May 1660 . There was a general pardon for offences during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , but four individuals were excepted and executed . Under the eventual political settlement Scotland regained its independent system of law , parliament and kirk , but also regained the Lords of the Articles and bishops , and it now had a king who did not visit the country and ruled largely without reference to Parliament through a series of commissioners . These began with the Earl of Middleton and ended with the King 's brother and heir , James , Duke of York . The restoration of the Scottish Episcopacy led to a series of conflicts between Presbyterians and the Bishops of the Episcopalian establishment , culminating in the persecution of The Killing Time .   Charles died in 1685 and his brother the Duke of York succeeded him as James VII of Scotland and II of England . He survived attempted rebellions , but alienated much of the political nation by his Catholicism and policies . When William of Orange of the Netherlands , James ' Protestant son-in-law , invaded England in 1688 , James fled and William and his wife took over the throne as William II and Mary II . William called a Scottish Convention , which was dominated by the Presbyterians . It offered William and Mary the crown , and after the defeat of James ' supporters the bishops were abolished and a Presbyterian system reinstated in the kirk .   The economic conditions of the period were generally favourable , although the restoration of Scottish independence reinstated the economic border with England and English tariffs . The restoration of the monarchy also saw the restoration of the nobility to political power , although they may have exercised their power with more caution . It also saw the rise of the lairds , who continued to gain new local political powers . There was an attempt to restore the theatre to Scotland , which had suffered from the lack of a court and the hostility of the kirk . The Restoration saw the introduction of a style of country house among the Scottish nobility that encouraged a move towards a more leisure-oriented architecture . As in England , sculpture was dominated by foreign professionals . Scotland produced some notable artists and was also visited by many important continental artists . The period between 1679 and 1689 saw the foundation of many institutions that would be important in Scottish cultural and intellectual life .


query: One character in Scooby-Doo is Fred Jones.

pos: Scooby-Doo Scooby-Doo is an American animated cartoon franchise , comprising several animated television series produced from 1969 to the present day . The original series , Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! , was created for Hanna-Barbera Productions by writers Joe Ruby and Ken Spears in 1969 . This Saturday-morning cartoon series featured four teenagers -- Fred Jones , Daphne Blake , Velma Dinkley , and Norville `` Shaggy '' Rogers -- and their talking brown Great Dane named Scooby-Doo , who solve mysteries involving supposedly supernatural creatures through a series of antics and missteps .   Following the success of the original series , Hanna-Barbera and its successor Warner Bros. . Animation have produced numerous follow-up and spin-off animated series and several related works , including television specials and made-for-TV movies , a line of direct-to-video films , and two Warner Bros. -- produced theatrical feature films . Some versions of Scooby-Doo feature different variations on the show 's supernatural theme , and include characters such as Scooby 's cousin Scooby-Dum and nephew Scrappy-Doo in addition to or instead of some of the original characters .   Scooby-Doo was originally broadcast on CBS from 1969 to 1975 , when it moved to ABC . ABC aired the show until canceling it in 1986 , and presented a spin-off featuring the characters as children , A Pup Named Scooby-Doo , from 1988 until 1991 . New Scooby-Doo series aired as part of Kids ' WB on The WB Network and its successor , The CW Network , from 2002 until 2008 . Scooby-Doo ! Mystery Incorporated aired on Cartoon Network from 2010 to 2013 , and Be Cool , Scooby-Doo ! debuted on Cartoon Network in 2015 . Repeats of the various Scooby-Doo series are broadcast frequently on Cartoon Network and its sister channel Boomerang in the United States as well as other countries .   In 2013 , TV Guide ranked Scooby-Doo the fifth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time .

neg: Scooby's Mystery Funhouse Scooby 's Mystery Funhouse is a 30-minute Saturday morning animated package show produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on ABC from September 7 , 1985 to February 22 , 1986 .

neg: Fine Feathered Friend Fine Feathered Friend is a 1942 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 8th Tom and Jerry short released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It was directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby . It was animated by Pete Burness , Kenneth Muse , Jack Zander and George Gordon . The animators of the cartoon were not credited , But William Hanna and Joseph Barbera are credited . the first original opening theme was `` Chips Off The Old Block '' as heard in Blitz Wolf . It was replaced by the later of Tom and Jerry theme on re-issue . Bill Littlejohn was credited on original issue .

neg: List of Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated episodes This is a list of episodes for the animated television series Scooby-Doo ! Mystery Incorporated , the eleventh incarnation of Hanna-Barbera 's Scooby-Doo series of Saturday morning cartoons . The series is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . Unlike any previous series , Scooby-Doo ! Mystery Incorporated features an overarching story . In addition to the traditional cases they always solve , the team finds itself being nudged into the uncovering of a dark secret that is hidden in the past of Crystal Cove , covered up by parties unknown . Following cryptic hints from a faceless mystery-man known only as `` Mr. E '' ( a play on `` mystery '' ) , they find themselves caught up in the unsolved , decades-old case of the disappearance of four mystery-solving youths and their pet -- the original Mystery Incorporated .

neg: Junior Woodchucks The Junior Woodchucks of the World are the Scouting organization to which the Disney characters Huey , Dewey , and Louie belong . The Junior Woodchucks were created by Carl Barks in 1951 , in the story `` Operation St. Bernhard '' ( Walt Disney 's Comics and Stories # 125 ) . Later stories introduced a similar organization for girls , the Littlest Chickadees , to which Daisy Duck 's nieces , April , May and June belong . The hallmark of the Junior Woodchucks is their spirited dedication to environmental protection and animal welfare , as well as the preservation of knowledge and the furtherance of science . They are also known for their exalted titles and ranks ( Huey , Dewey , and Louie being promoted to become Ten-Star Generals in the 1951 story of the same name ) and the awarding of buckets of badges , along with severe ideals as to decorum . In this way Barks poked gentle but pointed satire at aspects of the Boy Scouts of America .   Junior Woodchucks always carry with them a copy of the Junior Woodchucks ' Guidebook , a fictional guidebook filled with detailed and pertinent information about whatever country or situation the Woodchucks find themselves . Its depth of coverage is remarkable , considering that it is a small paperback book .   Don Rosa wrote and drew a story regarding the origin of the Junior Woodchucks ' Guidebook , `` Guardians of the Lost Library '' , which Comics Buyer 's Guide mentioned as possibly the greatest comic book story of all time . Rosa 's later story W.H.A.D.A.L.O.T.T.A.J.A.R.G.O.N. tells of how Huey , Dewey , and Louie came to join the Junior Woodchucks .   In 1971 Carl Barks drew a model sheet of the nephews , with some of the drawings showing them in their Junior Woodchuck uniforms , for the Disney studio 's publications department .   Most of the early Junior Woodchucks stories appeared in Walt Disney 's Comics and Stories . They also appeared in Donald Duck and in Uncle Scrooge . In 1966 , they got their own title , Huey , Dewey , and Louie and the Junior Woodchucks , published by Gold Key Comics for 62 issues , and then continued by Whitman Comics for another 20 issues until 1983 . The stories which Carl Barks wrote for this comic book , among the last comic book stories he scripted , were drawn by Kay Wright , John Carey and Tony Strobl . More recently Daan Jippes has been commissioned by Egmont to redraw these stories emulating Barks ' style and drawing inspiration from the sketches of Barks ' storyboard-like scripts .   Disney Comics published a Junior Woodchucks four issue mini series in 1991 .

neg: Donald Duck universe The Donald Duck universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting of stories involving Disney cartoon character Donald Duck , as well as Daisy Duck , Huey , Dewey , and Louie , Scrooge McDuck , and many other characters . The world is a part of the Mickey Mouse universe , but is more detailed . Life in the Donald Duck universe centers on the city of Duckburg , usually located in the fictional U.S. state of Calisota , analogous to Northern California . The world also incorporates several other real and fictional locations , as well as historical figures and a fictional timeline , which is followed with varying degrees of consistency .   Disney comics are the primary medium for Donald Duck stories . Contributors include Americans Carl Barks , Ted Osborne , Don Rosa , Tony Strobl , Al Taliaferro , and William Van Horn , as well as Italians Giovan Battista Carpi , Marco Rota , and Romano Scarpa . Other media includes short films in the Donald Duck series , children 's books such as Little Big Books and Little Golden Books , television series such as DuckTales ( 1987 -- 1990 ) and Darkwing Duck ( 1991 -- 1992 ) , and video games such as QuackShot ( 1991 ) , Goin ' Quackers ( 2000 ) , and DuckTales : Remastered ( 2013 ) .   `` Donald Duck universe '' is not an official Disney term , but is sometimes used by fans . Don Rosa has also used the terms Barks Universe and Italian Duck Universe to describe different versions of the world 's continuity . The terms `` Barksian '' or `` Barksian facts '' has also been used to describe the canon of the Donald Duck universe , as many comic book creators and fans only consider the stories by Carl Barks as factual , since he is the creator of many of its major characters , locations and ideas . Don Rosa is an example of this when creating his comic book series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck , with most of his stories being based on the works by Barks . Additionally , the stories by Al Taliaferro and Ted Osborne are also considered canon by many fans , being that they are the creators of Huey , Dewey and Louie and Grandma Duck , and part of their work precedes Barks ' work .

neg: Bink (animated character) Bink is a cartoon character and the unofficial mascot of Eric Miller Animation Studios . He was created by Eric M. Miller and Charlie Petrek at the Eric Miller Animation Studios in 2015 , and designed by Valerio Fabbretti . Bink is an unknown species from Earth who is covered in yellow fur with blue spots , and cloth wraps around his forearms , and lower legs . He also wears an amulet around his neck which looks like a compass of some sort .   Bink first appeared in the first episode of the animated web series `` Bink '' which was released in May 2016 . In the web series it shows Bink in a testing facility where scientist perform tests on him to learn about him and his unknown species . In the web series there is a mechanical hand which attempts to perform the tests on Bink , but is often unsuccessful at getting Bink to behave during the tests . The humor comes from this conflict between the two characters .

neg: The Hardy Boys (1969 TV series) The Hardy Boys is an animated series , produced by Filmation and aired Saturday mornings on ABC in 1969 . It featured the Hardy Boys , Joe and Frank , along with their friends Chubby Morton , Wanda Kay Breckenridge , and Pete Jones ( one of the first black characters to appear on Saturday morning television ) touring as a rock band while solving mysteries . The series is also notable for its opening and closing credits , in which the Hardys appeared in live action . The series debuted at the same time as Hanna-Barbera 's similarly themed Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! , which was scheduled against the show on CBS . The series is noteworthy for including the producers rotating wheel for the first time , which would make Filmation a household name .

neg: Scooby-Doo! and the Samurai Sword Scooby-Doo ! and the Samurai Sword is a 2009 direct-to-DVD animated comedy mystery martial arts film , as well as the thirteenth entry in a series of direct-to-video animated films based upon the Scooby-Doo Saturday morning cartoon franchise . In the United States , the DVD sold 163,890 units in its first week and as of January 2014 , it has sold approximately 524,725 units .   It is the last direct-to-video Scooby-Doo film to use the bright animation style keen to the What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? TV series , as well as Casey Kasem 's last performance as Shaggy Rogers .

neg: Kitty Kornered Kitty Kornered is a 1946 Looney Tunes cartoon , directed by Robert Clampett , produced by Edward Selzer and released by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Considered among Clampett 's best and wackiest films , Kitty Kornered was Clampett 's final cartoon starring his longtime star Porky Pig ( although he made a cameo in Clampett 's next cartoon The Great Piggy Bank Robbery as a streetcar driver ) , and marks the only appearance of the ( then unnamed ) Sylvester the cat in a Clampett-directed cartoon and only one of two times Sylvester spoke in a Porky Pig cartoon . It was also the first appearance of Sylvester in the Looney Tunes series .  Also , this is the only cartoon where Sylvester has yellow eyes and a black nose .   This is the first Looney Tunes cartoon to have the red and blue rings as well as the written out `` That 's all Folks ! '' at the closing rings . The Merrie Melodies music is heard at the end though .   Porky and Sylvester would later be paired in a trio of shorts directed by Chuck Jones : Scaredy Cat , Claws for Alarm , and Jumpin ' Jupiter . Both also co-starred ( with Daffy Duck ) in The Scarlet Pumpernickel as the villain roles ( the only time Sylvester spoke in a Chuck Jones-directed cartoon ) .

neg: Speedy Ghost to Town Speedy Ghost to Town is a Merrie Melodies 1967 animated short starring Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales . It is the first cartoon released under the newly reopened Warner Bros. . Animation department , as from 1963 to 1967 , all Looney Tunes cartoons were developed at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and Format Films instead . It is also the first Looney Tunes cartoon to be directed by Alex Lovy .   The cartoons are more simplified by this time ( a drastic departure of the cartoons created from the studio 's heyday ) , with animation similar to Filmation and Hanna-Barbera , simplistic backgrounds and character designs , and a more limited sound effects library ( including some of Hanna-Barbera 's familiar stock sounds ) . The studio would approach a similar style again 35 years later with What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? ( which , ironically , featured characters originally created by Hanna-Barbera . )

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities .   Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel .   Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 .   In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .

neg: List of local children's television series (United States) The following is a list of local children 's television shows in the United States . These were locally produced commercial television programming intended for the child audience with unique hosts and themes . This type of programming began in the late 1940s and continued into the late 1970s ; some shows continued into the 1990s . Author Tim Hollis documented about 1,400 local children 's shows in a 2002 book , Hi There , Boys and Girls !   The television programs typically aired in the weekday mornings before school or afternoons after school as well as on weekends ( to a lesser degree ) . There were different formats . Almost all shows had a colorful host who assumed a persona such as a cowboy/cowgirl , captain/skipper/commodore / admiral , jungle explorer , astronaut , king , princess , clown , sheriff/deputy/trooper , cop , firefighter , hobo/tramp , railroad engineer , magician , `` cousin '' , `` grandfather '' or `` uncle '' , whose role was not only to be the `` DJ '' for syndicated material ( typically cartoons , although westerns were more popular earlier on ) but also to entertain , often with a live television studio audience of kids , during breaks .   Early program fare included cartoon favorites such as Koko the Clown , Daffy Duck , Crusader Rabbit , Dick Tracy , Popeye , Bugs Bunny , Rocky and Bullwinkle , Casper the Friendly Ghost , Mighty Mouse , Porky Pig , Deputy Dawg , Tin Tin , Mel-O-Toons , Woody Woodpecker , The Funny Company , Mr. Magoo , Space Angel and Clutch Cargo as well as movie shorts such as Laurel and Hardy , Our Gang/The Little Rascals and The Three Stooges and animated versions of Laurel and Hardy , Abbott and Costello and The Three Stooges and live action shorts such as Diver Dan . Some included educational segments like the portraits of wildlife in Nature 's Window .

neg: The Lonesome Mouse The Lonesome Mouse is a 1943 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 10th Tom and Jerry cartoon released . This is notable for being the first speaking role of the cat and mouse duo . It was created and released in 1943 , and re-released to theatres on June 24 , 1950 . It was directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby .   The animators of the cartoon were not credited ( typically for early MGM shorts ) , and this was the last Tom and Jerry cartoon to follow this trend . All future Tom and Jerry theatrical shorts credited the animators . The original opening theme was `` Runnin ' Wild '' , as heard in Barney Bear 's Wild Honey . It was replaced by the later Tom & Jerry theme on re-issue . This cartoon is animated by Kenneth Muse , George Gordon , Jack Zander and Irven Spence with additional animation by Pete Burness and Al Grandmain .

neg: Kentucky Jones Kentucky Jones is a half-hour comedy/drama starring Dennis Weaver as Kenneth Yarborough `` K.Y. or Kentucky '' Jones , D.V.M. , a recently widowed former horse trainer and active horse farm owner , who becomes the guardian of Dwight Eisenhower `` Ike '' Wong , a 10-year-old Chinese orphan , played by Ricky Der . Harry Morgan , previously of the CBS sitcoms December Bride and Pete and Gladys , was featured in the series as Seldom Jackson , a former jockey who assists Dr. Jones . Cherylene Lee appears as Annie Ng , Ike 's friend . Arthur Wong portrays Mr. Ng , Annie 's father . Keye Luke ( 1904-1991 ) stars as Mr. Wong , a friend of Dr. Jones . Nancy Rennick ( 1932-2006 ) appears as Miss Throncroft , a social worker . Kentucky Jones , which ran on NBC from September 19 , 1964 , to September 11 , 1965 , was the first of four television series starring Weaver after he left the role of the marshall 's helper Chester Goode on CBS 's western classic Gunsmoke .   Richard Bull , who later portrayed the henpecked storekeeper Nels Oleson on NBC 's Little House on the Prairie , appeared twice on Kentucky Jones as Harold Erkel in episodes entitled `` The Victim '' and `` The Return of Wong Lee '' ( also with Malcolm Atterbury ) .   Other selected episodes and guest stars include : `` Hello Ike '' , the series premiere , with Diane Brewster and Marlyn Mason as Doris Caine , `` Spare the Rod '' ( Paul Fix as Judge Perkins ) , `` Wildcat Soup '' ( Tyler McVey ) , `` Ike 's Song '' ( Pat Harrington , Jr. ) , `` The Big Shot '' ( Harry Townes ) , `` The Music Kids Make '' ( Philip Abbott and Robby Weaver ( born 1953 ) , Dennis Weaver 's son ) , `` The Big Speech '' ( Charles Lane ) , `` Feminine Intrusion '' ( Spring Byington , of December Bride and Laramie , as Mrs. Jolly , hired by Dr. Jones to cook a meal as payment of a debt ) , `` Most Precious Gold '' ( Strother Martin ; episode focuses on a camping trip ) , and `` Kentucky 's Vacation '' ( Yvonne Craig ) , the series finale .   A Buzz Kulik Production in association with NBC , Kentucky Jones was filmed at Desilu Studios in Culver City , California . The series first aired on Saturdays at 8:30 Eastern from September 19 to December 26 . It switched to 7 p.m. on January 2 for the remainder of its run through September 11 , 1965 . Rebroadcasts began on April 17 . In the 8:30 slot , the program faced competition from the first season of the CBS sitcom Gilligan 's Island , with Alan Hale , Jr. , and Bob Denver , and the first half of ABC 's The Lawrence Welk Show . In the move to a half-hour earlier , having swapped time slots with The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo , CBS offered The Jackie Gleason Show , and ABC aired the science fiction series , The Outer Limits . In the second time slot , Kentucky Jones followed the NBC adventure series Flipper starring Brian Kelly .   After Kentucky Jones , young Der ( born ca. 1954 ) acted only one more time , as Mickey in a 1965 episode `` So Long , Patrick Henry '' of NBC 's I Spy starring Bill Cosby and Robert Culp . In January 1967 , Harry Morgan advanced to Jack Webb 's second version of Dragnet in the role of Officer Bill Gannon , and later , on M * A * S * H as Col. Sherman T. Potter . In September of that year , Weaver starred with child actor Clint Howard in the CBS family drama Gentle Ben .

neg: The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show is the sixth incarnation of the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo . It premiered on September 10 , 1983 , and ran for one season on ABC as a half-hour program made up of two eleven-minute short cartoons . In 1984 , the name of the show was changed to The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries , with the actual show format remaining the same . The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries ran for another season on ABC . The series airs reruns on Cartoon Network 's classics channel Boomerang .   Thirteen half-hour episodes , composed of twenty-four separate segments were produced under the New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo title in 1983 , and thirteen more episodes , composed of twenty separate segments were produced under the name The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries in 1984 . At the time , Margaret Loesch , who served as supervising executive for the series , also worked for another animation production company Marvel Productions .

neg: Flop Starz `` Flop Starz '' is the first segment for the first official aired episode of the animated television series Phineas and Ferb . The episode was originally broadcast on Disney Channel on February 1 , 2008 . In the episode , Phineas and Ferb become one-hit wonders in the matter of a morning . This is much to the disappointment of Candace , who is trying out for super stardom on a competition show titled The Next American Pop Teen Idol Star ! Meanwhile , Doofenshmirtz converts his building into a giant robot to aid him in his attempt to conquer the tri-state area .   The episode 's storyboard was written by Sherm Cohen and Antoine Guilbaud , though the story itself was made by the co-creators of the series . The song in the episode , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was the first song the series had and caused for Disney to want one in every episode . Despite the actual pilot being `` Rollercoaster , '' the episode was broadcast to premiere the series , so a majority of the series ' standard humor and plot devices had yet to be established ( e.g. Perry and Doofenshmirtz have no involvement in the removal of the boys ' evidence -LSB- mainly instigated by the boys themselves -RSB- and Candace 's busting attempts in the A-plot are limited to two ) .   `` Flop Starz '' carried several references to the music industry and several genres ( the title itself is as well a spoof of the phrase `` pop stars '' ) , as well as to the talent competition American Idol . The episode was well received by critics and fans alike , gaining 23.5 million viewers in its premiere . The song featured , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was as well reviewed favorably by critics . `` Flop Starz '' has been featured in several pieces of merchandise , including a junior novelization by Lara Bergen in 2009 .

neg: Doodle A doodle is a drawing made while a person 's attention is otherwise occupied . Doodles are simple drawings that can have concrete representational meaning or may just be composed of random and abstract lines , generally without ever lifting the drawing device off of the paper , in which case it is usually called a `` scribble '' .   Doodling and scribbling are most often associated with young children and toddlers , because their lack of hand -- eye coordination and lower mental development often make it very difficult for any young child to keep their coloring attempts within the line art of the subject . Despite this , it is not uncommon to see such behaviour with adults , in which case it generally is done jovially , out of boredom .   Typical examples of doodling are found in school notebooks , often in the margins , drawn by students daydreaming or losing interest during class . Other common examples of doodling are produced during long telephone conversations if a pen and paper are available .   Popular kinds of doodles include cartoon versions of teachers or companions in a school , famous TV or comic characters , invented fictional beings , landscapes , geometric shapes , patterns and textures .

neg: It's About Time! (Phineas and Ferb) `` It 's About Time ! '' is the twenty-first broadcast episode of the animated television series Phineas and Ferbs first season . It originally aired on Disney Channel on March 1 , 2008 . The episode concerns stepbrothers Phineas and Ferb fixing a time machine on display in a museum and using it to travel back to prehistoric times . Meanwhile , Perry the Platypus deals with being replaced with a panda bear as the nemesis of the mad scientist Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz .   `` It 's About Time ! '' was written and directed by series co-creators Dan Povenmire , and storyboards were constructed by multiple artists in the show 's production staff . The writers purposely left the time machine available to the boys at the end of the episode in order to reuse it later in the series , which they did in the season 2 episode `` Phineas and Ferb 's Quantum Boogaloo . '' Critical reception was generally positive , and multiple reviewers applauded Perry and Doofenshmirtz 's relationship in the episode , which they noted was portrayed with possible homosexual subtext .

neg: Christmas Flintstone `` Christmas Flintstone '' ( also known as How The Flintstones Saved Christmas on VHS releases ) is a Christmas episode from season 5 of the animated television series The Flintstones , which aired on ABC on December 25 , 1964 . The episode is about Fred Flintstone taking over the role of Santa Claus .   The episode is followed by three Christmas-themed Flintstones specials . It has been released on DVD .