query: Horrible Bosses was created in the 21st century.

pos: Horrible Bosses Horrible Bosses is a 2011 American black comedy film directed by Seth Gordon , written by Michael Markowitz , John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein , based on a story by Markowitz . It stars Jason Bateman , Charlie Day , Jason Sudeikis , Jennifer Aniston , Colin Farrell , Kevin Spacey and Jamie Foxx . The plot follows three friends , played by Bateman , Day and Sudeikis , who decide to murder their respective overbearing , abusive bosses , portrayed by Spacey , Aniston and Farrell .   Markowitz 's script was bought by New Line Cinema in 2005 and the film spent six years in various states of pre-production , with a variety of actors attached to different roles . By 2010 , Goldstein and Daley had rewritten the script , and the film finally went into production .   The film premiered in Los Angeles on June 30 , 2011 , and was released on July 8 , 2011 . The film exceeded financial expectations , accruing over $ 28 million in the first three days , making it the number two film in the United States during its opening weekend , and going on to become the highest-grossing black comedy film of all-time in unadjusted dollars , breaking the record previously set by The War of the Roses in 1990 . The film grossed over $ 209 million worldwide by the end of its theatrical run .   The film received generally positive reviews , with critics praising the ensemble cast , and each lead being singled out for their performances across reviews . The plot received a more mixed response ; some reviewers felt that its dark , humorous premise was explored well , while others felt the jokes were racist , homophobic and misogynistic . A sequel , Horrible Bosses 2 , was released on November 26 , 2014 .

neg: Cleaner (crime) A cleaner , or fixer , is a person who `` cleans up '' after crimes to physically erase their trace or uses pressure or bribes to limit fallout from a criminal act .   A fixer plays a similar but often less hands-on role , often minimizing bad publicity for public officials or media figures by quelling stories of their misadventures , but also capable of more heavyhanded tactics , as necessary .   A cleaner may destroy or remove incriminating evidence at the scene of a crime . A popular figure in crime fiction , a cleaner may also be a contract killer who commits murder to `` clean up '' a situation .  Cleaner is also a slang term for someone , usually a member of a crime organization or a covert government agency , who disposes of a corpse after a hit .   In contrast , legal crime scene cleanup is a legitimate industry , eliminating blood and other biohazardous materials such as dangerous chemicals used in an illegal drug lab as permitted by responsible authorities .   A fictional example of a cleaner is Shoulders from the comic strip Dick Tracy . More contemporary are the roles played by Jean Reno as Victor in the film La Femme Nikita ( 1990 ) , Harvey Keitel as Victor in Point of No Return ( 1993 ) , and a year later as a Mr. Wolf in Quentin Tarantino 's Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) ( parodied on Seinfeld ` s episode 155 , `` The Muffin Tops '' ( 1997 ) , where Newman makes the problem of leftover muffin stumps go away by eating them ) , and George Clooney as the title character in Michael Clayton . On television , similar roles are played by Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut in the TV series Breaking Bad and its prequel , Better Call Saul , Liev Schreiber in the title role of Showtime 's Ray Donovan , Paige Turco as recurring character Zoe Morgan in Person of Interest , and Susan Blommaert as `` Mr. Kaplan '' in The Blacklist .

neg: The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition .   The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) .   Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 .   The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .

neg: Funny or Die Funny or Die is a comedy video website and film/TV production company founded by Will Ferrell , Adam McKay and Chris Henchy . The website Funny Or Die contains exclusive material from a regular staff of in-house writers , producers , and directors , and occasionally from a number of famous contributors like Judd Apatow , James Franco , and Norm Macdonald . The production company makes TV shows like truTV 's Billy on the Street , Comedy Central 's @midnight , and Zach Galifianakis 's popular Emmy-winning web series Between Two Ferns .   Many videos on the site feature well-known actors ( examples include Steve Carell , Charlie Sheen , Ryan Gosling , Patrick Stewart , Daniel Radcliffe , Sophia Bush , Mila Kunis , AnnaSophia Robb , Hilary Duff , Adam West , James Van Der Beek , Jim Carrey , Ariel Winter , and Selena Gomez ) . Michael Kvamme , an aspiring young comedian , came up with a concept for a new kind of comedy site ; and the site was developed by Randy Adams .   Funny Or Die launched on April 12 , 2007 with the site 's first video , `` The Landlord '' . `` The Landlord '' has received over 84 million views and features Ferrell confronted by a swearing , beer-drinking two-year-old landlord . In June 2007 , they received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , and in June 2008 , they announced a partnership with HBO . On August 3 , 2016 , Funny or Die shut-down one of its California offices , reducing its headcount by 30 % to 95 employees , with the announcement coming just two month after the new CEO , Mike Farah , took office

neg: Rogue trader A rogue trader is an employee authorized to make trades on behalf of their employer ( subject to certain conditions ) who makes unauthorized trades . It is most often applied to financial trading , when rogue professional traders make unapproved financial transactions .   This activity is often in the grey area between civil and criminal transgression , because the perpetrator is a legitimate employee of a company or institution , yet enters into transactions on behalf of their employer without permission .   In several cases traders have initially made very large profits for their employers , and bonuses for themselves , from trades in breach of the rules , and it has widely been said that employers turned a blind eye to transgressions due to the profits involved .   One famous rogue trader is Nick Leeson , whose losses on unauthorized investments in index futures contracts were sufficient to bankrupt his employer Barings Bank in 1995 . Through a combination of poor judgement on his part , increasingly large initial profits , lack of oversight by management , a naïve regulatory environment , and an unforeseen outside event , the Kobe earthquake , Leeson incurred a US$ 1.3 billion loss that bankrupted the centuries-old financial institution .   The key factor determining the use of the term is lack of authorisation . There have been colossal financial losses and bankruptcies from what are considered to be catastrophically bad decisions by senior decision-makers in financial institutions , such as the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers which necessitated the 2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package , but this is not described as rogue trading and is not punishable .   In the UK the term is also used to describe dishonest tradesmen such as double-glazing salesmen , second-hand car dealers , gas fitters , mechanics , roofers , plumbers and domestic rubbish collectors . A BBC Television programme exposing such practices was called Watchdog , which was later followed by Rogue Traders .

neg: Spitting Image Spitting Image is a British satirical puppet show , created by Peter Fluck , Roger Law and Martin Lambie-Nairn . The series was produced by ` Spitting Image Productions ' for Central Independent Television over 18 series which aired on the ITV network . The series was nominated and won numerous awards during its run including 10 BAFTA Television Awards , including one for editing in 1989 and two Emmy Awards in 1985 and 1986 in the Popular Arts Category .   The series featured puppet caricatures of celebrities prominent during the 1980s and 1990s , including British Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and John Major and other politicians , US president Ronald Reagan , and the British Royal Family ; the series was the first to caricature Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ( as an elderly gin-drinker with a Beryl Reid voice ) .   One of the most-watched shows of the 1980s and early 1990s , the series was a satire of politics , entertainment , sport and British culture of the era , and at its peak it was watched by 15 million people . The series was cancelled in 1996 , after viewing figures declined . ITV had plans for a new series in 2006 , but these were scrapped after a dispute over Ant & Dec puppets used to host Best Ever Spitting Image , which were created against Roger Law 's wishes .

neg: Modern Humorist Modern Humorist was a United States-based humor webzine founded in 2000 by John Aboud and Michael Colton ( who later became panelists on VH1 's Best Week Ever ) , and managed by CEO Kate Barker . Its board of directors included feature film producer Frank Marshall and comedian Jon Stewart .   A competitor of The Onion , Modern Humorist stopped publishing new material in 2003 . The site 's archives remain online and free to the public . It was nominated for a Webby Award in the Humor category in 2001 and in 2004 , losing to The Onion both times .

neg: 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards The 21st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards , honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2014 , were presented on January 25 , 2015 , on both TNT and TBS 8:00 p.m. EST / 5:00 p.m. PST . Nominees were announced on December 10 , 2014 .

neg: Nightmare (1981 film) Nightmare ( also known as Nightmares in a Damaged Brain ) is a 1981 slasher film directed by Romano Scavolini . Nightmare gained instant notoriety among horror fans when it was banned in the UK as a video nasty and its distributor was sentenced to 18 months in prison for refusing to edit one second of violent footage . The film also garnered controversy for claiming in its press material that Tom Savini had provided the film 's special effects , which Savini vehemently denied .

neg: The Nasty Bits The Nasty Bits : Collected Varietal Cuts , Usable Trim , Scraps , and Bones , is a largely nonfiction New York Times bestselling book by Anthony Bourdain , published in 2006 . The book is a collection of 37 exotic , provocative , and humorous anecdotes and essays , many of them centered around food , followed by a 30-page fiction piece ( `` A Chef 's Christmas '' ) . The book concludes with an appendix of commentaries on the various pieces , including when and why they were written .   The essays range from descriptions of restaurant-kitchen life ; to various rants about places , people , and things Bourdain objects to ; to lively accounts of far-flung world travels and remote ethnic life and food ; to accolades of the unsung Latinos who cook most fine-dining restaurant food in America ; to glowing reports of cutting-edge chefs like Ferran Adrià ; to details of Bourdain 's obsessions and pursuits when he is not working ; to opinions and anecdotes on various other subjects .   Bourdain organized the various essays and anecdotes into sections named for each of the five traditional flavors :  Salty  Sweet  Sour  Bitter  Umami   The book is , according to Bourdain , basically a collection of the best of his magazine and newspaper writings during the previous few years . As he says in the preface :   I 've done a lot of writing for magazines and newspapers in the last few years , and it 's the better morsels ( I hope ) from that work that follow . ... I 've been writing this stuff for much the same reason behind my frenetic traveling : Because I can . Because there 's so little time . Because there 's been so much to see and remember . ...   It 's an irritating reality that many places and events defy description . Angkor Wat and Machu Picchu , for instance , seem to demand silence , like a love affair you can never talk about . For a while after , you fumble for words , trying vainly to assemble a private narrative , an explanation , a comfortable way to frame where you 've been and what 's happened . In the end , you 're just happy you were there -- with your eyes open -- and lived to see it .

neg: Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson .   The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .

neg: Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network .   The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous .   Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show .   The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 .   In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . ''   In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title .   In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .

neg: Pit Boss (TV series) Pit Boss is an American television series docudrama that follows Shorty Rossi , owner of Shorty 's Rescue , an organization set up for Pit Bull rescue . The series aired on Animal Planet from January 16 , 2010 to March 30 , 2013 .

neg: Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering .   Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience .   The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating .   In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .

neg: The Producers (Smash) `` The Producers '' is the twenty eighth episode of the American television series Smash . It was written by Becky Mode and directed by Tricia Brock . The episode premiered on NBC on April 27 , 2013 , the thirteenth episode of Season 2 . An off-the-rail Jimmy threatens Hit Lists future , as Karen , Derek , Ana and Kyle join forces to try help him before things take a turn for the worse . Tom and Julia 's partnership is at breaking point just as Ivy , Eileen , and the entire Bombshell team are running themselves ragged to outshine their competitors .

neg: 21st Century Killing Machine 21st Century Killing Machine is the debut album by Swedish death-thrash metal band One Man Army and the Undead Quartet .

neg: Horrible Beginnings Horrible Beginnings is an anthology of horror short stories edited by Steven H. Silver and Martin H. Greenberg , first published in paperback by DAW Books in March 2003 . The cover art is based on Children of Bodom 's debut album , Something Wild . It is a compilation of the first published stories of seventeen prominent authors in the genre , and features introductions to the stories provided ( in most instances ) by the authors of those stories . Horrible Beginnings was the third and last of three similarly-themed anthologies , its companions being Wondrous Beginnings and Magical Beginnings , compiling the first published stories of authors writing in the science fiction and fantasy genres , respectively . The series follows the example of the earlier First Flight : Maiden Voyages in Space and Time , edited by Damon Knight ( Lancer Books , 1963 ) and First Voyages , edited by Damon Knight , Martin H. Greenberg and Joseph D. Olander ( Avon Books , 1981 ) , which focused on science fiction authors only and did not include individual introductions .

neg: The Barbarian Group Barbarian is an interactive marketing firm founded in Boston , but currently headquartered in New York City . Founded in 2001 , the company works with traditional agencies and clients on the development of ordinary and viral web marketing . Past projects include the Subservient Chicken for Burger King , AnyFilms for Samsung , and the Beer Cannon for Milwaukee 's Best . In late 2009 , the company sold a majority stake to Cheil Worldwide . In the summer of 2012 the company closed its Boston office .   In 2017 , Cathy Butler was named CEO of Barbarian . She comes to Barbarian from DigitasLBi , where she won awards and accolades as a marketer and technology expert in her role as EVP of Digital Products and Services .

neg: Workplace incivility Workplace incivility has been defined as low-intensity deviant behavior with ambiguous intent to harm the target . Uncivil behaviors are characteristically rude and discourteous , displaying a lack of regard for others . The authors hypothesize there is an `` incivility spiral '' in the workplace made worse by `` asymmetric global interaction '' .   Incivility is distinct from violence . The reduction of workplace incivility is a fertile area for applied psychology research .

neg: Monster Café Monster Café is a Children 's BBC comedy programme about three monsters working in Monster Café , where they meet weird monsters , serve weird food and battle with their evil boss , the Baroness . The series originally aired from 1994 -- 1995 .   The series was repeated on CBeebies in 2002 , then on BBC Two in May 2005 , and again on CBeebies in November 2007 , but after complaints on BBC Message Boards and direct to the BBC regarding how the programme scared young children , it was pulled from the schedule .

neg: 21st Century Boogie 21st Century Boogie is the debut album by Paddy Milner , released on June 24 , 2002 .   Paddy Milner 's music shows many influences ranging from pop-rock through to jazz , classical and British folk . 21st Century Boogie shows his attention to blues and boogie-woogie .   It was released to a flood of outstanding reviews , solidly sealing his reputation as one of the most original musicians . During the year of release on Paul Jones 's Radio 2 show , the album was placed in the year 's top ten records , whilst Milner himself was shortlisted for the British Blues Keyboard Player of 2002 . Jools Holland has become an ardent fan , telling Milner `` You make the piano sing '' .


query: Babe Ruth's contributions to baseball have never been officially acknowledged.

pos: Babe Ruth George Herman `` Babe '' Ruth Jr. ( February 6 , 1895 -- August 16 , 1948 ) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) spanned 22 seasons , from 1914 through 1935 . Nicknamed `` The Bambino '' and `` The Sultan of Swat '' , he began his MLB career as a stellar left-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox , but achieved his greatest fame as a slugging outfielder for the New York Yankees . Ruth established many MLB batting ( and some pitching ) records , including career home runs ( 714 ) , runs batted in ( RBIs ) ( 2,213 ) , bases on balls ( 2,062 ) , slugging percentage ( .6897 ) , and on-base plus slugging ( OPS ) ( 1.164 ) ; the latter two still stand today . Ruth is regarded as one of the greatest sports heroes in American culture and is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player of all time . In , Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its `` first five '' inaugural members .   At age seven , Ruth was sent to St. Mary 's Industrial School for Boys , a reformatory where he learned life lessons and baseball skills from Brother Matthias Boutlier of the Christian Brothers , the school 's disciplinarian and a capable baseball player . In 1914 , Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox . By 1916 , he had built a reputation as an outstanding pitcher who sometimes hit long home runs , a feat unusual for any player in the pre-1920 dead-ball era . Although Ruth twice won 23 games in a season as a pitcher and was a member of three World Series championship teams with Boston , he wanted to play every day and was allowed to convert to an outfielder . With regular playing time , he broke the MLB single-season home run record in 1919 .   After that season , Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy . The trade fueled Boston 's subsequent 86 year championship drought and popularized the `` Curse of the Bambino '' superstition . In his 15 years with New York , Ruth helped the Yankees win seven American League ( AL ) championships and four World Series championships . His big swing led to escalating home run totals that not only drew fans to the ballpark and boosted the sport 's popularity but also helped usher in the live-ball era of baseball , in which it evolved from a low-scoring game of strategy to a sport where the home run was a major factor . As part of the Yankees ' vaunted `` Murderer 's Row '' lineup of 1927 , Ruth hit 60 home runs , extending his MLB single-season record . He retired in 1935 after a short stint with the Boston Braves . During his career , Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times .   Ruth 's legendary power and charismatic personality made him a larger-than-life figure in the Roaring Twenties . During his career , he was the target of intense press and public attention for his baseball exploits and off-field penchants for drinking and womanizing . His often reckless lifestyle was tempered by his willingness to do good by visiting children at hospitals and orphanages . After his retirement as a player , he was denied a managerial job in baseball , most likely due to poor behavior during parts of his playing career . In his final years , Ruth made many public appearances , especially in support of American efforts in World War II . In 1946 , he became ill with cancer , and died two years later .

neg: Ruth Lessing Ruth Elizabeth Lessing -LSB- Tex -RSB- ( August 15 , 1925 -- October 26 , 2000 ) was a female catcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Listed at , 128 lb. , she batted and threw right-handed .   Ruth Lessing has been considered as one of the best defensive catchers in All-American Girls Professional Baseball League history . Respected for her solid skills behind home plate , including a strong and accurate arm , Lessing also was renowned for her fiery and competitive spirit . She played over 100 games during four straight seasons , was selected to the All-Star Team three consecutive years , and set several all-time , single-season records before suffering a career-ending shoulder injury that forced her to retire prematurely . Known for her fiery demeanor , she was once fined $ 100 for punching an umpire after he made a call she disapproved . In response , a collection taken up by fanatics netted more than $ 2000 . She paid the fine and gave the rest of the money to charity . Lessing said she was not proud of what she had done and wrote the umpire a letter of apology . Both later became close friends .   A native of San Antonio , Texas , Lessing was a standout athlete at Jefferson High School . She was spotted in the early 1940s by a scout from the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Then in 1944 , at the age of 18 , she graduated and immediately joined the Minneapolis Millerettes , an expansion AAGPBL team managed by former big leaguer Bubber Jonnard . In her rookie season Lessing shared catching duties with Pepper Paire .   In 1944 Lessing hit a .177 batting average in 57 games for Minneapolis , scoring 13 runs while driving in 27 more . She posted a single-season , career-high with 22 stolen bases , and ten of her 35 hits were doubles . Playing their home games at Nicollet Park , the Millerettes could not compete with the local Minneapolis Millers . In addition , Minneapolis was far from the other five cities in the league , forcing the Millerettes spent most of the season on the road . As a result , the team finished last in both halves of the season with a compiled 45 -- 72 record , being replaced in 1945 by the Fort Wayne Daisies .   Lessing became a regular with Fort Wayne in 1945 , appearing in 110 games and setting an all-time single season record for a catcher with a .982 fielding average . She also hit .123 with 32 runs and 21 RBI , while the Daisies , with Bill Wambsganss at the helm , had a strong season debut , going 62 -- 47 and finishing four and a half games behind first-place Rockford Peaches . During the playoffs , Fort Wayne disposed of the Racine Belles in the first round , three to one games , but struggled to Rockford in the final round , four-to-one .   In 1946 Lessing joined the Grand Rapids Chicks , playing for them for the rest of her career . As a member of the Chicks , she solidified her position as one of the best backstops around . In her first year with the team , she led all catchers with 141 assists , which also is an all-time record . Besides this , Lessing improved her offensive numbers with a .215 average , 43 runs and 35 RBI , and was selected to the All-Star Team . Managed by Johnny Rawlings , Grand Rapids finished 71 -- 41 and advanced to the playoffs , only to be beaten by Rockford in the first round , three-to-two .   Lessing became one of two hundred players to attend the first AAGPBL spring training outside the United States , which was held in 1947 in Cuba at the Gran Stadium de La Habana . With deliveries changing from underhand ( or , underarm ; compare pitching in softball ) to sidearm in that season , the work of Lessing behind the plate was an instrumental part of the success for the pitching staff . She caught splendidly , giving her pitchers confidence and stability by calling the game and instigating defensive plays on the field . Lessing also contributed with her bat , hitting .205 with 24 runs and 42 RBI in 111 games , while earning a second selection to the All-Star Team . The Chicks went 65 -- 47 and made the playoffs for the second consecutive year . In the first round , the team defeated the South Bend Blue Sox in five games , and won the Championship Title behind Mildred Earp , who pitched a 1 -- 0 shutout against the Belles in decisive Game 7 .   In 1948 Lessing set another all-time record , appearing in 125 games behind the plate in the regular season . She also posted career-numbers in hits ( 86 ) , runs ( 43 ) and RBI ( 36 ) , while hitting a .206 average and making her third and last All-Star Team , helping the Chicks win the Eastern Section with a 77 -- 47 record . In the postseason , Grand Rapids defeated South Bend in five games but was swept by Fort Wayne in three games during the second round . Unfortunately , just 44 games into the 1949 season , Lessing suffered a career-ending shoulder injury . At the time , she was hitting .233 ( 28-for-120 ) with nine runs and nine RBI .   Once her playing days were gone , Lessing returned to San Antonio , where she took a job at the Kelly Air Force Base . In 1991 , she served as a technical adviser for filmmaker Penny Marshall during the shooting of her film A League of Their Own , which brought many of the real players began to earn a rebirth of celebrity with the first season of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Lessing , like many AAGPBL players , were relatively unknown until the Marshall 's film was exhibited for the first time . After that , the AAGPBL Players Association reunions became formal annual events in 1998 .   Ruth Lessing died of cancer in her homeland of San Antonio at the age of 75 . In 2006 , she was awarded a posthumous induction into the Texas Baseball Hall of Fame . She is also part of the AAGPBL permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown , New York , opened in , which is dedicated to the entire league rather than any individual player .

neg: Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame The is a museum which includes a library , reference rooms and .   It first opened in 1959 next door to Korakuen Stadium in Tokyo , Japan . In 1988 , the museum moved to a new site within the Tokyo Dome .   The Hall of Fame and Museum was created as a means to contribute to the development of baseball in Japan through dedication of baseball greats -- players , executives , and umpires -- as Hall of Famers . In addition , the facility houses many memorable baseball materials including various kinds of baseball literature .

neg: Dick Young (sportswriter) Dick Young ( October 17 , 1917 -- August 30 , 1987 ) was a sportswriter best known for his direct and abrasive style , and his 45-year association with the New York Daily News . He was elected to the writers ' wing of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978 , and was a former president of the Baseball Writers ' Association of America .   Young was the first sportswriter to treat the clubhouse as a central and necessary part of the sports `` beat '' , and his success at ferreting out scoops and insights from within the previously private sanctum of the team was influential and often imitated . The Boston Globe '' 's Bob Ryan said of Young , `` He 's the guy that broke ground , the guy who went into the locker room , and that changed everything . '' A self-professed Republican , Young sided frequently with owners of professional sports teams engaging in public contractual debates with players , most notoriously in 1977 when he described Mets ace pitcher Tom Seaver , a three-time Cy Young Award winner , as `` a pouting , griping , morale-breaking clubhouse lawyer . '' < Schoor , Gene . Seaver . Chicago : Contemporary Books Inc. , 1986 : 238 >   In 2000 , Ira Berkow chose Young as one of the seven sportswriters who 'd made the greatest impact on their profession , along with Red Smith , Grantland Rice , Ring Lardner , Damon Runyon , Jimmy Cannon , and Jim Murray . According to Jack Ziegler in the Dictionary of Literary Biography , Young was a `` key transitional figure '' between the `` gentlemanly '' sports reporting of old-time writers like Grantland Rice and Arthur Daley .   Upon his death , The New York Times described Young 's prose style : `` With all the subtlety of a knee in the groin , Dick Young made people gasp ... He could be vicious , ignorant , trivial and callous , but for many years he was the epitome of the brash , unyielding yet sentimental Damon Runyon sportswriter . '' Esquire Magazine called Young 's writing `` coarse and simpleminded , like a cave painting . But it is superbly crafted . '' Ross Wetzsteon wrote that Young had `` singlehandedly replaced the pompous poetry of the press box with the cynical poetry of the streets . '' In his book The Boys of Summer '' , Roger Kahn called Young `` spiky , self-educated , and New York . '' Characteristically , Young described his approach to sportswriting simply : `` Tell people what 's going on , and what you think is going on . Bread-and-butter stuff , meat-and-potato stuff . ''

neg: List of New York Yankees captains There have been 15 captains of the New York Yankees , an American professional baseball franchise also known previously as the New York Highlanders . The position is currently vacant after the most recent captain , Derek Jeter , retired after the 2014 season , after 12 seasons as team captain . Jeter was named as the 11th officially recognized captain of the Yankees in 2003 . In baseball , the captain formerly served as the on-field leader of the team , while the manager operated the team from the dugout . Today , the captain is a clubhouse leader .   The first captain officially recognized by the Yankees was Hal Chase , who served in the role from 1910 through 1912 . Roger Peckinpaugh served as captain from 1914 through 1922 , until he was traded to the Boston Red Sox . He was succeeded by Babe Ruth , who was quickly deposed as captain for climbing into the stands to confront a heckler . Everett Scott served as captain from 1922 through 1925 . Ten years later , Lou Gehrig was named captain , serving for the remainder of his career . After the death of Gehrig , then manager Joe McCarthy declared that the Yankees would never have another captain . The position remained vacant until team owner George Steinbrenner named Thurman Munson as captain in 1976 . Following Munson 's death , Graig Nettles served as captain . Willie Randolph and Ron Guidry were named co-captains in 1986 . Don Mattingly followed them as captain in 1991 , serving until his retirement in 1995 . Gehrig , Munson , Guidry , Mattingly and Jeter are the only team captains who spent their entire career with the Yankees . Jeter is the longest tenured captain in franchise history , the 2014 season being his 12th as team captain .   There is , however , some controversy over the official list . Howard W. Rosenberg , a baseball historian , found that the official count of Yankees captains failed to include Clark Griffith , the captain from 1903 -- 1905 , and Kid Elberfeld , the captain from 1906 -- 1907 , while manager Frank Chance may have served as captain in 1913 .   In addition , right after The New York Times reported Rosenberg 's research in 2007 , Society for American Baseball Research member Clifford Blau contacted him to say he had found Willie Keeler being called the team 's captain in 1908 and 1909 , research that Rosenberg has confirmed .

neg: Ed Crane (baseball) Edward Nicholas Crane ( May 27 , 1862 -- September 20 , 1896 ) , nicknamed Cannonball , was an American right-handed pitcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball for eight seasons . He played for the Boston Reds ( 1884 ) , Providence Grays ( 1885 ) , Buffalo Bisons ( 1885 ) , Washington Nationals ( 1886 ) , New York Giants ( NL ) ( 1888 -- 89 , 1892 -- 93 ) , New York Giants ( PL ) ( 1890 ) , Cincinnati Kelly 's Killers ( 1891 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 1891 ) , and Brooklyn Grooms ( 1893 ) . Crane was the first pitcher in the history of major league baseball to record 4 strikeouts in a single inning ( New York Giants , 1888 ) , and is one of the few players to play in four major leagues : the Union Association , the National League , the Players ' League , and the American Association .   Born in Boston , Cannonball Crane was a man of uncommon strength . In his prime , he was described as `` a giant in physical strength and proportions . '' He reportedly could throw a baseball 135 yards , farther than anyone else who played the game in his era . After his playing career ended , he died from what was officially declared an accidental overdose but was reported by others to have been a suicide .

neg: Lonny Frey Linus Reinhard Frey -LSB- Junior -RSB- ( August 23 , 1910 -- September 13 , 2009 ) was an infielder in Major League Baseball who played from through for the Brooklyn Dodgers ( 1933 -- 1936 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1937 , 1947 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 1938 -- 1943 , 1946 ) , New York Yankees ( 1947 -- 1948 ) , and New York Giants ( 1948 ) . He was born in Saint Louis , Missouri .   Frey began his career as a switch hitter and continued to bat from both sides of the plate until the end of 1938 . Starting in 1939 , he batted exclusively from the left side of the plate . He started at shortstop with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1933 and switched to second base after leading the National League in errors in 1935 ( 44 ) and 1936 ( 51 ) . Traded to the Chicago Cubs before the 1936 season he developed as a competent second baseman .   Frey enjoyed his best years with the Cincinnati Reds , helping them to reach two consecutive World Series in 1939 and 1940 , after hitting .291 with 11 home runs and 95 runs ( 1939 ) and leading the National League with 22 stolen bases ( 1940 ) while scoring 102 runs . Five days before the 1940 World Series against Detroit , Frey injured his foot when he dropped the iron lid of the dugout water cooler on it . Eddie Joost replaced him at second base for the series .   A three-time All-Star ( 1939 , 1941 , 1943 ) Frey also led the NL second basemen twice each in fielding percentage and double plays ( 1940 and 1943 ) . After missing two full seasons while serving in World War II , his career faded . In 1947 he divided his playing time between the Cubs and the New York Yankees , and he was a member of the Yankees team that won the 1947 World Series . He played his final game with the New York Giants in 1948 .   In a 14-season career , Frey was a .269 hitter with 61 home runs , 549 RBI , 848 runs , 105 stolen bases , and a .359 on-base percentage in 1,535 games played .   In 1961 Frey was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame , and in 1969 , as part of the franchise 's 100th anniversary , was selected the Reds all-time second baseman .   Frey died in Coeur d'Alene , Idaho , at the age of 99 . At the time of his death , he was recognized as the second-oldest living major league ballplayer , the oldest living All-Star , and the last living player to play for all three New York baseball teams in the 1930s and 1940s .

neg: Murderers' Row Murderers ' Row were the baseball teams of the New York Yankees in the late 1920s , widely considered one of the best teams in history . The nickname is in particular describing the first six hitters in the 1927 team lineup : Earle Combs , Mark Koenig , Babe Ruth , Lou Gehrig , Bob Meusel , and Tony Lazzeri .

neg: List of St. Louis Cardinals team records The St. Louis Cardinals , a professional baseball franchise based in St. Louis , Missouri , compete in the National League ( NL ) of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . in 1892 . Before joining the NL , they were also a charter member of the American Association ( AA ) from 1882 to 1891 . Although St. Louis has been the Cardinals ' home city for the franchise 's entire existence , they were also known as the Brown Stockings , Browns , and Perfectos .   In 134 seasons , the franchise has won more than 10,000 regular season games and appeared in 27 postseasons while claiming 12 interleague championships , tying one other , and 23 league pennants . 11 of the interleague championships are World Series titles won under the modern format since 1903 ; the other championship and tie occurred in 1885 -- 1886 . 19 of the league pennants are NL pennants , and the other four are AA pennants . Their 11 World Series titles represent the most in the NL and are second in MLB only to the New York Yankees ' 27 .   Notable players have defined , in part , the Cardinals ' success and history . Stan Musial owns the most career batting records with 22 . Rogers Hornsby owns the most single-season records with 11 . Bob Gibson owns the most career pitching records with 18 . Silver King owns the most single-season pitching records with nine .

neg: Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting .   Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality .   Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .

neg: The Glory of Their Times The Glory of Their Times : The Story of the Early Days of Baseball Told by the Men Who Played It is a book , edited by Lawrence Ritter , telling the stories of early 20th century baseball . It is widely acclaimed as one of the great books written about baseball .

neg: Elias Sports Bureau The Elias Sports Bureau ( ESB ) is a company providing historical and current statistical information for sports , especially for major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada .   In 1913 , Al Munro Elias and his brother Walter established the Al Munro Elias Bureau in New York City . At first they sold printed scorecards with baseball data directly to fans , until The Telegram daily newspaper purchased their weekly compilation of `` averages '' in 1916 . Elias was appointed official statistician of the National League and International League in 1919 with the American League and other minor leagues to follow .   In 1937 , the Elias brothers assumed publication of Charley White 's Record Book , the so-called Little Red Book , after the death of its originator . It became an official ( authorized ) source for major league records . In 1938 , the Bureau began producing the Pocket Cyclopedia of Major League Baseball , and for many years published the official Green Book , the National League 's annual summary .   After the Elias brothers died in the 1940s , the company was managed by Lester Goodman . Seymour Siwoff , who had worked for the Elias brothers as a high school student before serving his country in World War II and earning the Purple Heart , returned to become the company 's accountant . In 1952 , after Lester Goodman 's sudden death , Seymour Siwoff purchased the company from the widows of the Elias brothers . The new company was renamed Elias Sports Bureau to better fulfill Siwoff 's vision of incorporating all professional sports , and Siwoff took the company into the computer age .   Under Siwoff 's leadership for over 60 years and to the present , ESB has become the leading authority on sports statistics . Originally official statistician of Major League Baseball , Siwoff was able to add to this distinction the National Football League , the National Basketball Association , the National Hockey League , Major League Soccer , and the Arena Football League . More recently , ESB added pro-women 's basketball ( WNBA ) and pro-golf to its list of league clientele .   ESB also is a primary source of statistics for national newspapers , magazines and websites , as well as dozens of broadcasters of MLB , NBA and NHL telecasts . With Sporting News having phased out its record book publishing business during 2007 , The Elias Book of Baseball Records appears to be the sole hard-copy source of official baseball records . This book is available only through the company website .   Steve Hirdt , executive vice-president , added his skills as a sports writer . His first venture was writing for ESPN 's Page2 website for a brief time . Later , he moved to a column for ESPN The Magazine . The column is entitled `` Do the Math '' and focuses on sports statistics .

neg: Silver King (baseball) Silver King ( January 11 , 1868 -- May 21 , 1938 ) , born Charles Frederick Koenig in St. Louis , Missouri , was a Major League Baseball player from 1886 through 1897 .   In a 10-year career , spent primarily as a pitcher , King played for Jacksonville Illinois ( 1885 ) and St. Joseph Missouri in the Western League ( 1886 ) , the Kansas City Cowboys ( 1886 ) , St. Louis Browns ( 1887 ) , Chicago Pirates ( 1890 ) , Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1891 ) , New York Giants ( 1892 -- 93 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 1893 ) , and Washington Senators ( 1896 -- 97 ) . The first part of King 's nickname was a reference to the color of his hair , while the latter part was a translation of his German surname .   King was an unusual pitcher for his time . Gripping the ball with unusually large hands , he delivered the ball without a windup . He also was one of the first pitchers in major league history to employ a sidearm delivery . The unconventional methods worked , as he went on to pitch 3,190 innings , winning 203 games with 1229 strikeouts and a 3.18 earned run average in 397 games . His strong fastball enabled him to become a notable strikeout artist ; he finished among the league 's top 10 in that category six times .   King 's best season came in 1888 , when he led the Browns to their fourth consecutive American Association championship . That year , King led the league with 585 innings pitched in 66 games , 45 wins , and a 1.64 ERA . In 1890 , he jumped to Chicago of the Players ' League and added another ERA title while winning 30 games . On June 21 , 1890 , King threw a no-hitter for Chicago , the only one in the league 's one-year history . ( King lost 1 -- 0 , and pitched only eight innings in the loss , so this game is not officially recognized by MLB as a no-hitter . )   After baseball , King returned to his native St. Louis . He died in 1938 , at age 70 , and was laid to rest at New St. Marcus Cemetery in St. Louis .

neg: Heinie Kappel Henry `` Heinie '' Kappel ( September 1863 -- August 27 , 1905 ) was an American infielder in Major League Baseball who was born and died in Philadelphia . Kappel played three seasons in the major leagues with the Cincinnati Red Stockings ( 1887 -- 1888 ) and the Columbus Solons ( 1889 ) . Kappel played in 105 games : 49 games at shortstop , 33 at third base , and 16 at second base . As a batter , he had 54 hits , 51 runs batted in , and a .269 career batting average .   `` Heinie '' was a popular nickname for German baseball players in the early part of the 20th century ; in fact , 22 Heinies have played in the major leagues , and Kappel was the first . The others are : Heinie Beckendorf , 1909 -- 1910 ; Heinie Berger , 1907 -- 1910 ; Heinie Elder , 1913 -- 1913 ; Heinie Groh , 1912 -- 1927 , known for his use of the `` bottle bat '' ; Heinie Heitmuller , 1909 -- 1910 ; Heinie Heltzel , 1943 -- 1944 ; Heinie Jantzen , 1912 -- 1912 ; Heinie Manush , 1923 -- 1939 , the only Hall of Famer ; Heinie Meine 1922 -- 1934 , also known as `` The Count of Luxemburg '' ; Heinie Mueller , 1920 -- 1935 ; Heinie Mueller , 1938 -- 1941 ; Heinie Odom , 1925 -- 1925 ; Heinie Peitz , 1892 -- 1913 ; Heinie Reitz , 1893 -- 1899 ; Heinie Sand , 1923 -- 1928 ; Heinie Scheer , 1922 -- 1923 ; Heinie Schuble , 1927 -- 1936 ; Heinie Smith , 1897 -- 1903 ; Heinie Stafford , 1916 -- 1916 ; Heinie Wagner , 1902 -- 1918 ; and Heinie Zimmerman , 1907 -- 1919 , implicated in the Chicago `` Black Sox '' scandal .

neg: 1926 St. Louis Cardinals season The 1926 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team 's 45th season in St. Louis , Missouri and their 35th in the National League . The Cardinals went 89 -- 65 during the season and finished first in the National League , winning their first National League pennant . In the World Series , they defeated the New York Yankees in 7 games , ending it by throwing out Babe Ruth at second base in the ninth-inning of Game 7 to preserve a 3 -- 2 victory . This was Rogers Hornsby 's only full season as manager for the team .   Catcher Bob O'Farrell won the MVP Award this year , batting .293 , with 7 home runs and 68 RBIs . Led by RBI champion Jim Bottomley , the offense scored the most runs in the NL .

neg: Bud Selig Allan Huber `` Bud '' Selig ( -LSB- ˈsiːlᵻɡ -RSB- born July 30 , 1934 ) is an American baseball executive who currently serves as the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball . Previously , he served as the ninth Commissioner of Baseball . He initially served as the acting commissioner beginning in 1992 before being named the official commissioner in 1998 . Selig oversaw baseball through the 1994 strike , the introduction of the wild card , interleague play , and the merging of the National and American Leagues under the Office of the Commissioner . He was instrumental in organizing the World Baseball Classic in 2006 . Selig also introduced revenue sharing . He is credited for the financial turnaround of baseball during his tenure with a 400 percent increase in the revenue of MLB and annual record breaking attendance . Selig enjoys a high level of support from baseball owners . Jerome Holtzman , MLB 's official historian from 1999 until his death in 2008 , believed Selig to be the best commissioner in baseball history .   During Selig 's term of service , the use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs became a public issue . The Mitchell Report , commissioned by Selig , concluded that the MLB commissioners , club officials , the Players Association , and the players all share `` to some extent in the responsibility for the steroid era . '' Following the release of the Mitchell Report , Congressman Cliff Stearns called publicly for Selig to step down as commissioner , citing his `` glacial response '' to the `` growing stain on baseball . '' Selig has pledged on numerous occasions to rid baseball of performance-enhancing drugs , and has overseen and instituted many rule changes and penalties to that end .   Selig was previously the team owner and team president of the Milwaukee Brewers . As a Milwaukee native , he is credited for keeping baseball in Milwaukee . In 1970 , he purchased the Seattle Pilots in bankruptcy court and renamed them the Milwaukee Brewers after the minor league team of the same name he had watched in his youth , which existed until the arrival of the Braves in Milwaukee in 1953 . The Brewers went to the 1982 World Series and won seven organization of the year awards during his tenure . Selig remains a resident of Milwaukee .   On January 17 , 2008 , Selig 's contract was extended through 2012 , after which he planned to retire , but he then decided to stay as commissioner until the end of the 2014 season , a move approved by the owners on January 12 , 2012 , which would take his leadership past his 80th birthday . Selig made $ 14.5 million in the 12-month period ending October 31 , 2005 . Selig announced on September 26 , 2013 , that he would retire in January 2015 . On January 22 , 2015 , MLB announced that Selig would formally step down from the office when his current term expired on January 24 , 2015 .   On December 4 , 2016 it was announced Selig was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame .

neg: Gene Mauch Gene William Mauch ( November 18 , 1925 -- August 8 , 2005 ) was an American professional baseball player and manager . He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Brooklyn Dodgers ( 1944 , 1948 ) , Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1947 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1948 -- 49 ) , Boston Braves ( 1950 -- 51 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 1952 ) and the Boston Red Sox ( 1956 -- 57 ) .   Mauch was best known for managing four teams from 1960 to 1987 . He is by far the winningest manager to have never won a league pennant ( breaking the record formerly held by Jimmy Dykes ) , three times coming within a single victory . He managed the Philadelphia Phillies ( 1960 -- 68 ) , Montreal Expos ( 1969 -- 75 , as their inaugural manager ) , Minnesota Twins ( 1976 -- 80 ) , and California Angels ( 1981 -- 82 , 1985 -- 87 ) . His 1,902 career victories ranked 8th in major league history when he retired , and his 3,942 total games ranked 4th . He gained a reputation for playing a distinctive `` small ball '' style , which emphasized defense , speed and base-to-base tactics on offense rather than power hitting .

neg: Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, 1956 Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1956 followed a system that had been the object of criticism and reform in recent years , which would continue that summer .  The Veterans Committee was meeting only in odd-number years to consider older major league players as well as managers , umpires , and executives . The Baseball Writers Association of America ( BBWAA ) voted by mail to select from recent players and elected two , Joe Cronin and Hank Greenberg .

neg: Ed Irvin William Edward Irvin ( 1882 - February 5 , 1916 ) was a 30-year-old replacement player in one game for the Detroit Tigers on May 18 , 1912 , after the regular team went on strike to protest the suspension of Ty Cobb , following Cobb 's attack on a handicapped fan in New York .   Irvin had two triples in three at-bats against the Philadelphia Athletics . He shares the record with Cecil Bolton for most triples in a career with no other hits at two . Irvin was the only member of the replacement Tigers to get a hit in a 24-2 loss , although two members of the coaching staff ( Deacon McGuire and Joe Sugden ) , who were pressed into service for that game , each got one hit .   Irvin 's performance at third base was not as strong , as , despite being charged with only one error , Allan Travers , the pitcher for the replacement Tigers , later recalled : `` I was doing fine until they started bunting . The guy playing third base had never played baseball before . ''   Irvin finished with a .500 fielding percentage at third base , and a .667 batting average , 2.000 slugging percentage , and 2.667 OPS .   A play about his life , `` The Perfect Hands of the Irresistible Ed '' was written by David James Brock . -LSB- 2 -RSB-   According to The Baseball Necrology , Irvin died in 1916 from injuries suffered when he was `` thrown through a saloon window '' in Philadelphia . ( The Baseball Necrology : The Post-Baseball Lives and Deaths of Over 7,600 Major League Players and Others , by Bill Lee . )

neg: Labatt Park Labatt Memorial Park ( formerly Tecumseh Park , 1877 -- 1936 ) is a baseball stadium near the forks of the Thames River in central London , Ontario , Canada . It is 8.7 acre in size , has 5,200 seats and a natural grass field . From home plate to centre field the distance is 402 ft ; from home plate to left and right field down the lines , it is 330 ft.   Labatt Park is the `` oldest continually operating baseball grounds in the world '' , with a history dating back to 1877 . Since December 31 , 1936 , Labatt Park has been owned by the City of London .   On September 7 , 2011 , Baseball Canada announced that historic Labatt Memorial Park in London , Ontario , had won its six-week-long , favourite ballpark contest , winning the final round where it went head-to-head with Port Arthur Stadium in Thunder Bay , Ontario . During the two-week-long , final round of online voting , where more than 19,000 votes were cast , Labatt Park won with 63 per cent of the vote .   However , Fuller Field in Clinton , Massachusetts made it into the Guinness Book of World Records in September 2007 as the `` world 's oldest continually used baseball diamond / field '' , dating back to 1878 -- a year after Tecumseh Park-Labatt Park opened in 1877 -- as Fuller Field 's home plate and bases have purportedly remained in the same location since 1878 , whereas home plate at Labatt Park has been moved ( within the same field ) from its original location in 1877 .   In September 2008 , however , Labatt Park replaced Clinton , Massachusetts ' Fuller Field in the 2009 Guinness Book of World Records ( page 191 ) as the `` World 's Oldest Baseball Diamond . '' Although it has flip flopped in the past , as of January 4 , 2016 , Guinness 's online record for the World 's Oldest Baseball Diamond also states Labatt Park , London , Ontario . World 's Oldest Baseball Field   On May 30 , 1994 , the park was designated by London City Council under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act as an historic site via by-Law No . L.S.P.-3237-544 , with the ceremonial plaque unveiling at the front gates of the park occurring on July 1 ( Canada Day ) , 1994 , prior to a doubleheader between the London Majors and Toronto Maple Leafs of the Intercounty Baseball League .   The park 's designation occurred after a six-month-long lobbying effort spearheaded by the volunteer , non-profit organization , The Friends of Labatt Park , which has undertaken a number of initiatives during the past 21 years to enhance and promote the ballpark , its history and ambience .   A possible new stadium for the Montreal Expos was proposed ( to replace the aging Montreal Olympic Stadium which the Expos had called home since the 1970s ) , also to be named Labatt Park . However , plans for the new stadium were shelved when the necessary public funding could not be secured .

neg: List of Kansas City Royals no-hitters The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Kansas City , Missouri . Formed in 1969 , they play in the American League Central division . Pitchers for the Royals have thrown 4 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball , the San Diego Padres , has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . No perfect games , a special subcategory of no-hitter , have been thrown in Royals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . ''   The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter .   The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager include determining the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game .


query: The Man with the Iron Fists stars an actor.

pos: The Man with the Iron Fists The Man with the Iron Fists is a 2012 American martial arts film directed by RZA and written by RZA and Eli Roth . The film stars RZA , Russell Crowe , Cung Le , Lucy Liu , Byron Mann , Rick Yune , Dave Bautista , and Jamie Chung . Set in 19th century China , the story follows a series of lone warriors who are forced to unite to defeat a common foe and save their home of Jungle Village .   Development began in 2005 when RZA shared his idea for the film with Roth . After nearly two years of development , Roth and RZA secured financial backing in May 2010 . Filming began in December 2010 on a $ 15 million budget and concluded by March 2011 . The film was shot in Shanghai and at other locations in China . RZA and Howard Drossin composed the film 's musical score , and RZA produced its soundtrack , which featured several new songs by various artists . A series of concerts featuring music from the soundtrack were held to promote the film .   The film was released in North America on November 2 , 2012 . Critics were divided over the film 's homage to martial arts films , considering it well-choreographed and representative of the genre , but offering nothing original , and the direction was criticized for a lack of refinement . The performances of Crowe and Mann were well received . The film earned $ 19 million at the box office .

pos: Rick Yune Rick Yune ( born August 22 , 1971 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , producer , martial artist and former model . His most notable roles have been in the movies Snow Falling on Cedars , the first Fast and Furious film The Fast and the Furious , and in the James Bond movie Die Another Day . He was part of the main cast of the Netflix original series Marco Polo until the series was cancelled on December 12 , 2016 .

pos: Byron Mann Byron Mann is a Chinese American actor who has made films in Hollywood , Hong Kong and Mainland China . He is perhaps best known for his performances as Mr. Chau in The Big Short , Chang in Hell on Wheels , Ryu in Street Fighter , Silver Lion in The Man with the Iron Fists and Yao Fei in the first season of Arrow .

pos: Dave Bautista David Michael Bautista Jr. ( born January 18 , 1969 ) is an American actor , semi-retired professional wrestler , former mixed martial artist , and bodybuilder .   From 2000 to 2010 and 2013 to 2014 , he was signed to WWE under the ring name Batista , where he became a six-time world champion , winning WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship four times and the WWE Championship twice . He holds the record for the longest reign as World Heavyweight Champion at 282 days , and has also won the World Tag Team Championship three times ( twice with Ric Flair and once with John Cena ) and the WWE Tag Team Championship once ( with Rey Mysterio ) . He was the winner of the 2005 Royal Rumble match and went on to headline WrestleMania 21 , one of the top five highest-grossing pay-per-view events in professional wrestling history . When Bautista returned to WWE in 2014 , he won the 2014 Royal Rumble match , after which he headlined WrestleMania XXX .   In August 2012 , Bautista signed a contract with Classic Entertainment & Sports to fight in mixed martial arts . He won his MMA debut on October 6 , 2012 , defeating Vince Lucero via TKO in the first round . He was representing the Philippines during the fight . Bautista first entered the world of acting in 2006 . As an actor , Bautista has starred in The Man with the Iron Fists ( 2012 ) , Riddick ( 2013 ) , as Drax in Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , the 24th James Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , L.A. Slasher ( 2015 ) , the 2016 Kickboxer reboot , Kickboxer : Vengeance , and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 ( 2017 ) . Bautista is set to reprise his character Drax in Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) . He has also appeared in several direct-to-video films since 2009 .

pos: RZA Robert Fitzgerald Diggs ( born July 5 , 1969 ) , better known by his stage name RZA ( -LSB- ˈrɪzə -RSB- ) , is an American rapper , record producer , musician , actor , filmmaker and author . A prominent figure in hip hop , RZA is the de facto leader of the Wu-Tang Clan . He has produced almost all of Wu-Tang Clan 's albums as well as many Wu-Tang solo and affiliate projects . He is a cousin of the late group-mate Ol' Dirty Bastard and GZA ( who also formed the group with RZA ) . He has also released solo albums under the alter-ego Bobby Digital , along with executive producing credits for side projects .   In addition to the Wu-Tang Clan and his solo releases , RZA was also a founding member of the horrorcore group Gravediggaz where he used the name The RZArector . Furthermore , he has acted in several movies , including Coffee and Cigarettes , American Gangster , Gospel Hill , Life Is Hot in Cracktown , Ghost Dog , Funny People , Derailed , Due Date and Repo Men . He also appeared in the Showtime TV series Californication . His directorial debut is for the film he co-wrote and in which he plays the title role , The Man with the Iron Fists , also starring Russell Crowe .   The magazine The Source placed him on its list of the 20 greatest producers in the magazine 's twenty-year history . He also made the `` Elite 8 '' in the search for The Greatest Hip-Hop Producer of All Time by Vibe . NME placed him on their list of the 50 Greatest Producers Ever .

pos: Cung Le Cung Le ( Lê Cung born May 25 , 1972 ) is a Vietnamese-American actor , retired mixed martial artist and Sanshou kickboxer . He competed as a middleweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , holding a record of 2 -- 2 with the organization . In Sanshou , he is a former International Kickboxing Federation Light Heavyweight World Champion , having a professional Sanshou record of 16 -- 0 before moving to mixed martial arts ( Le also held a kickboxing record of 17 -- 0 ) . He defeated Frank Shamrock to become the second Strikeforce Middleweight Champion before vacating the title to further pursue his acting career . Le is perhaps best known in mixed martial arts for competing in Strikeforce , holding a record of 7 -- 1 with the organization before its demise .

pos: Russell Crowe Russell Ira Crowe ( born 7 April 1964 ) is an actor , film producer and musician . Although a New Zealand citizen , he has lived most of his life in Australia . He came to international attention for his role as the Roman General Maximus Decimus Meridius in the 2000 historical epic film Gladiator , directed by Ridley Scott , for which Crowe won an Academy Award for Best Actor , a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor , an Empire Award for Best Actor and a London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and 10 further nominations for best actor .   Crowe appeared as the tobacco firm whistle blower Jeffrey Wigand in the 1999 film The Insider , for which he received five awards as best actor and seven nominations in the same category . In 2001 , Crowe 's portrayal of mathematician and Nobel Prize winner John F. Nash in the biopic A Beautiful Mind brought him numerous awards , including a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role .   Crowe 's other films include Romper Stomper ( 1992 ) , L.A. Confidential ( 1997 ) , Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) , Cinderella Man ( 2005 ) , American Gangster ( 2007 ) , State of Play ( 2009 ) , Robin Hood ( 2010 ) , Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , Man of Steel ( 2013 ) and Noah ( 2014 ) . Crowe 's work has earned him several accolades during his career and including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , three consecutive Academy Award nominations ( 1999 -- 2001 ) , one Golden Globe Award for Best Actor , one BAFTA , and an Academy Award . Crowe is also the co-owner of the South Sydney Rabbitohs , an Australian National Rugby League team .

neg: David Yelland (actor) David William Yelland ( born 1947 ) is an English film , stage and television actor .

neg: Antonio Fargas Antonio Juan Fargas ( born August 14 , 1946 ) is an American actor known for his roles in 1970s blaxploitation movies , as well as his portrayal of Huggy Bear in the 1970s TV series Starsky & Hutch .

neg: Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 .   In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War .   In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .

neg: Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) .   In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s .   Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .

neg: Bamboo Gods and Iron Men Bamboo Gods and Iron Men is a martial arts comedy set in the Philippines . It is considered a blaxploitation film . It was produced by American International Pictures .   It also featured Filipino actors , Chiquito , Vic Diaz , and Eddie Garcia .

neg: Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .

neg: Vincent Zhao Vincent Zhao Wenzhuo ( born 10 April 1972 ) , sometimes credited as Vincent Chiu or Chiu Man-cheuk , is a Chinese actor and martial artist . Zhao is best known for playing the Chinese folk hero Wong Fei-hung in the Once Upon a Time in China film and television series .

neg: Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .

neg: Doug Jones (actor) Doug Jones ( born May 24 , 1960 ) is an American actor and former contortionist known for roles in the science fiction , fantasy , and horror genres , often wearing heavy makeup to play nonhuman characters . He is perhaps best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Guillermo del Toro , starring in Mimic , as Abe Sapien in Hellboy and Hellboy II : The Golden Army , the Faun and the Pale Man in Pan 's Labyrinth , Crimson Peak and The Shape of Water . He has appeared in films such as Tank Girl , Hocus Pocus and The Bye Bye Man . He also portrayed the titular Silver Surfer in the superhero film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer , as well as appearing in the TV series Falling Skies , Buffy the Vampire Slayer and del Toro 's The Strain . He is currently a series regular in Star Trek : Discovery , as Lt. Saru .

neg: Marton Csokas Marton Paul Csokas ( Csókás Márton , -LSB- ˈt͡ʃoːkaːʃ ˈmaːrton -RSB- ; born 30 June 1966 ) is a New Zealand actor of Hungarian descent . His notable roles include Celeborn in The Lord of the Rings film series ( 2001 -- 03 ) , Yorgi in xXx ( 2002 ) , Guy de Lusignan in Kingdom of Heaven ( 2005 ) , Trevor Goodchild in Æon Flux ( 2005 ) , Hora in Romulus , My Father ( 2007 ) , Nico in Dead Europe ( 2012 ) , Jack Barts in Abraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter ( 2012 ) , Lieutenant Barnes in Pawn ( 2013 ) , and Nicolai Itchenko in The Equalizer ( 2014 ) .   He is set to appear as former FBI Director L. Patrick Gray in the upcoming 2017 film The Silent Man .

neg: Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .

neg: Jan Tříska Jan Triska or Jan Tříska ( -LSB- ˈjan ˈtr̝̊iːska -RSB- ; 4 November 1936 ) is a Czech actor , most notable for portraying Captain Henry Wirz in the American television film Andersonville .

neg: Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era .   Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) .   Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death .   As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives .   This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .

neg: Jay Pickett Jay Pickett ( born February 10 , 1961 ) is an American actor .

neg: Lukas Haas Lukas Daniel Haas ( born April 16 , 1976 ) is an American actor and musician . His acting career has spanned three decades , during which he has appeared in more than 50 feature films and a number of television shows and stage productions .

neg: The Iron-Fisted Monk The Iron-Fisted Monk is a 1977 Hong Kong martial arts film written and directed by Sammo Hung in his directorial debut , who also starred in the lead role . The film co-stars Chan Sing and James Tien . The film was released in the Hong Kong on 25 August 1977 .

neg: Chris Sandford Christopher Duke Sandford ( born 6 June 1939 ) is a British actor . He appeared in more than fifty films since 1956 .

neg: Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .

neg: Michael J. Anderson Michael J. Anderson ( born October 31 , 1953 ) is an American actor known for his roles as The Man from Another Place in David Lynch 's television series Twin Peaks , the epilogue and prologue film of the series , Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me , and Samson Leonhart on the HBO series Carnivàle . He has the genetic disorder osteogenesis imperfecta , a disease that leads to frequent breaks in long bones and improper healing , leaving him with a shortened stature of 3 ft tall .   Prior to his acting career , Anderson worked as a computer technician for Martin Marietta , working on the ground support system for NASA 's space shuttle . He appeared as himself in a 1984 documentary called Little Mike : A Videoportrait of Michael Anderson .

neg: Under the Gun (1995 film) Under the Gun is a 1995 Australian action film starring Richard Norton . It was also known as Iron Fist .