query: Michael Caine only appeared in Harry Potter movies.

pos: Michael Caine Sir Michael Caine , ( -LSB- keɪn -RSB- born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr. ; 14 March 1933 ) is an English actor and author . Renowned for his distinctive working class cockney accent , Caine has appeared in over 115 films and is regarded as a British film icon .   He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in a number of acclaimed British films , including Zulu ( 1964 ) , The Ipcress File ( 1965 ) , Alfie ( 1966 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award , The Italian Job ( 1969 ) , and Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) . His most notable roles in the 1970s included Get Carter ( 1971 ) , The Last Valley , Sleuth ( 1972 ) , for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination , The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , and A Bridge Too Far ( 1977 ) . He achieved some of his greatest critical success in the 1980s , with Educating Rita ( 1983 ) earning him the BAFTA and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . In 1986 , he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen 's Hannah and Her Sisters .   Caine played Ebenezer Scrooge in The Muppet Christmas Carol ( 1992 ) . Having by that time practically retired from acting on the big screen , he enjoyed a career resurgence in the late 1990s , receiving his second Golden Globe Award for his performance in Little Voice in 1998 and receiving his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Cider House Rules the following year . Caine played Nigel Powers in the 2002 parody Austin Powers in Goldmember , and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy . He appeared in several other of Nolan 's films including The Prestige ( 2006 ) , Inception ( 2010 ) , and Interstellar ( 2014 ) . He also appeared as a supporting character in Alfonso Cuarón 's Children of Men and Pixar 's 2011 film Cars 2 . As of February 2017 , films in which he has starred have grossed over $ 3.5 billion domestically and over $ 7.8 billion worldwide . Caine is ranked as the twelfth highest grossing box office star .   Caine is one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s ( the other one being Jack Nicholson ; Laurence Olivier was also nominated for an acting Academy Award in five different decades , beginning in 1939 and ending in 1978 ) . In 2000 , Caine was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in recognition of his contribution to cinema .

neg: Len Deighton Leonard Cyril Deighton ( -LSB- ˈdiːtən -RSB- born 18 February 1929 ) , known as Len Deighton , is a British author . Deighton is considered one of the top three spy novelists of his time ( along with Ian Fleming and John le Carré ) . In addition he is a highly acclaimed military historian , cookery writer , and graphic artist . The IPCRESS File ( 1962 ) , his first novel , was an instant bestseller and broke the mould of thriller writing . The Sunday Times dubbed him `` the poet of the spy story '' . Deighton 's first protagonist -- a nameless spy christened Harry Palmer in the films -- was made famous worldwide in the iconic 1960s films starring Michael Caine .

neg: Solo for Sparrow Solo for Sparrow is a 1962 film directed by Gordon Flemyng and produced by Jack Greenwood and Aviral Nikhanj , part of the Edgar Wallace Mysteries series of British second-features . It stars Anthony Newlands , Glyn Houston and Nadja Regin , and features Michael Caine in an early supporting role . The film was released in America in 1966 , when the producers capitalised on Caine 's new-found fame and released it with his name above the title .

neg: The Damned United The Damned United is a 2009 British biographical sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace 's bestselling novel The Damned Utd , a largely fictional book based on the author 's interpretation of Brian Clough 's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974 . It was produced by BBC Films and Left Bank Pictures with additional funding from Screen Yorkshire and Columbia Pictures . Sony Pictures Entertainment distributed the film .   The film was originally proposed by Stephen Frears but he pulled out of the project in November 2007 . Hooper took his place and film was shot from May to July 2008 . The film marks the fifth collaboration between screenwriter Peter Morgan and actor Michael Sheen who plays Clough . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2009 and in North America on 25 September . The film grossed $ 4.1 million worldwide against a $ 10 million production budget . The film received nominations for the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor , the ALFS Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year , the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture , Drama and Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Writers ' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best Feature Film Screenplay .

neg: Harry Palmer Harry Palmer is the protagonist of a number of films based on the unnamed main character from the spy novels written by Len Deighton . Michael Caine played Harry Palmer in three of the four films based on the four published novels featuring this character . Caine also starred as this character in two other films not directly based on Deighton 's novels .

neg: City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder City Boy : The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder is a 1948 novel by Herman Wouk first published by Simon & Schuster . The second novel written by Wouk , City Boy was largely ignored by the reading public until the success of The Caine Mutiny resurrected interest in Wouk 's writing . Like The Caine Mutiny , the novel is semi-autobiographical in setting and situations , if not protagonist . In 1969 the novel was re-issued , with paperback editions in 1980 and 1992 , and according to Wouk was translated into eleven languages . John P. Marquand , in a preface to the 1969 twentieth anniversary release , likened Herbie Bookbinder to a city-dwelling Huckleberry Finn or Tom Sawyer .   In many of his novels Wouk evinces through his characters a love of Dickens , particularly in use of language to set mood . In City Boy he devises humorous twists of language to set a less-than-serious tone throughout this coming-of-age story . Also like Dickens , Wouk expertly manages a large cast of characters , including more than a dozen adults ( and a one-of-a-kind horse named Clever Sam ) woven in-and-out of a narrative about children , with depictions that ring true both in description and actions .

neg: The Last Target The Last Target is a 1972 British thriller film starring Michael Redgrave . It is one of his last films .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Ashanti (1979 film) Ashanti ( also called Ashanti , Land of No Mercy ) is a 1979 action adventure film , produced by Georges-Alain Vuille , and directed by Richard Fleischer . Despite its impressive cast and setting ( on location in the Sahara , and in Kenya , Israel , and Sicily ) , it was widely panned by critics upon release . Michael Caine was reportedly very disappointed with the project and claims it was the third worst film along with his previous films The Magus and The Swarm ( despite appearing in other failures in the 1980s ) , after director Fleischer and co-star Beverly Johnson , were both removed from filming two-thirds of the way through the shoot . Fleischer departed after being hospitalised with sunstroke . However , an interview with Ms. Johnson included on the 2013 Severin Films Blu-ray edition of Ashanti makes no reference to these `` removals , '' suggesting that they may belong to myth .   This is one of William Holden 's final films . Both Fleischer and cinematographer Tonti had previously worked together on Barabbas ( 1961 ) .

neg: Terry Pratchett's The Colour of Magic Terry Pratchett 's The Colour of Magic is a two-part television adaptation of the bestselling novels The Colour of Magic and The Light Fantastic by Terry Pratchett . The fantasy film was produced for Sky1 by The Mob , a small British studio , starring David Jason , Sean Astin , Tim Curry and Christopher Lee as the voice of Death . Vadim Jean both adapted the screenplay from Pratchett 's original novels , and served as director .   Terry Pratchett 's The Colour of Magic was broadcast on Sky One , and in high definition on Sky 1 HD , on Easter Sunday ( 23 March ) and 24 March 2008 . The first part drew audiences of 1.5 million , with the second part attracting up to 1.1 million viewers . The film was well received by fans , but drew mixed reviews from critics , who generally praised the acting talent of the all-star cast , but criticised the film 's script and direction .   The production is the second adaptation of Pratchett 's novels as a live-action film , following the successful release of Hogfather on Sky 1 over Christmas 2006 . A third adaptation , Going Postal , followed in 2010 with more planned for the future .

neg: A Dream of Kings (film) A Dream of Kings is a 1969 drama film directed by Daniel Mann , adapted from the novel of the same name by Harry Mark Petrakis .   It stars Anthony Quinn and Irene Papas . It was nominated for an award at the 1970 Laurel Awards . It was also the final film for Inger Stevens , who committed suicide two months after the film 's release , and the first for Radames Pera , who played young Caine on the TV show Kung Fu .

neg: Edward Scissorhands Edward Scissorhands is a 1990 American romantic dark fantasy film directed by Tim Burton , produced by Denise Di Novi and Tim Burton , and written by Caroline Thompson from a story by Tim Burton and Caroline Thompson , starring Johnny Depp as an artificial man named Edward , an unfinished creation who has scissor blades instead of hands . The young man is taken in by a suburban family and falls in love with their teenage daughter Kim ( Winona Ryder ) . Additional roles were played by Dianne Wiest , Anthony Michael Hall , Kathy Baker , Vincent Price and Alan Arkin .   Burton conceived Edward Scissorhands from his childhood upbringing in suburban Burbank , California . During pre-production of Beetlejuice , Caroline Thompson was hired to adapt Burton 's story into a screenplay , and the film began development at 20th Century Fox , after Warner Bros. declined . Edward Scissorhands was then fast track after Burton 's critical and financial success with Batman . The majority of filming took place in Lakeland , Florida between March 10 and June 10 , 1990 . The film also marks the fourth collaboration between Burton and film score composer Danny Elfman . The leading role of Edward had been connected to several actors prior to Depp 's casting : a meeting between Burton and the preferred choice of the studio , Tom Cruise , was not fruitful , and Gary Oldman and Tom Hanks turned down the part . The character of The Inventor was devised specifically for Vincent Price , and would be his last major role . Edward 's scissor hands were created and designed by Stan Winston .   Edward Scissorhands was released to positive feedback from critics , and was a financial success . The film received numerous nominations at the Academy Awards , British Academy Film Awards , and the Saturn Awards , as well as winning the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation . Both Burton and Elfman consider Edward Scissorhands their most personal and favorite work .

neg: Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .

neg: Fool Moon (The Dresden Files) Fool Moon is a 2001 contemporary fantasy novel by author Jim Butcher . It is the second novel in The Dresden Files , which follows the character of Harry Dresden , present-day Chicago 's only professional wizard .

neg: Without a Clue Without a Clue is a 1988 British comedy film directed by Thom Eberhardt and starring Michael Caine and Ben Kingsley .

neg: Paul Khanna Paul Khanna is a British actor in the two-part Warner Bros. film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows .

neg: Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes .   In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run .   Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )

neg: Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 .   Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) .   A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .

neg: Michael Simkins Michael Simkins ( born 4 February 1957 ) is an English actor .

neg: 38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films .   The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each .   In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards .   Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .

neg: The Holcroft Covenant (film) The Holcroft Covenant is a spy thriller 1985 film based on the Robert Ludlum novel of the same name . The film starred Michael Caine and was directed by John Frankenheimer . The script was written by Edward Anhalt , George Axelrod , and John Hopkins .


query: 2005 was when Prison Break premiered.

pos: Prison Break Prison Break is an American television serial drama created by Paul Scheuring , that was broadcast on Fox for four seasons from August 29 , 2005 to May 15 , 2009 , and a fifth season which premiered on April 4 , 2017 . The series revolves around two brothers , one of whom has been sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit , and the other who devises an elaborate plan to help his brother escape prison and clear his name . The series was produced by Adelstein-Parouse Productions , in association with Original Television and 20th Century Fox Television . Along with creator Paul Scheuring , the series is executive produced by Matt Olmstead , Kevin Hooks , Marty Adelstein , Dawn Parouse , Neal H. Moritz , and Brett Ratner who directed the pilot episode . The series ' theme music , composed by Ramin Djawadi , was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2006 .   The series was originally turned down by Fox in 2003 , which was concerned about the long-term prospects of such a series . Following the popularity of serialized prime time television series Lost and 24 , Fox decided to back production in 2004 . The first season received generally positive reviews , and performed well in the ratings . The first season was originally planned for a 13-episode run , but was extended to include an extra nine episodes due to its popularity . Prison Break was nominated for several industry awards , including the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Drama and the 2006 People 's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama , which it won . In the United States , all four seasons have been released on DVD and released on Blu-ray internationally .   The success of the series has inspired short videos for mobile phones , several official tie-ins in print and on the Internet , as well as a video game . A spin-off series , Prison Break : Proof of Innocence , was produced exclusively for mobile phones . The series has spawned an official magazine and a tie-in novel . The fourth season of Prison Break returned from its mid-season break in a new timeslot on April 17 , 2009 , for the series ' last six episodes . Two additional episodes , titled `` The Old Ball and Chain '' and `` Free '' were produced , and were later transformed into a standalone feature , titled The Final Break . The events of this feature take place before the last scene of the series finale , and are intended to conclude unfinished plotlines . The feature was released on DVD and Blu-ray July 21 , 2009 . A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016 and premiered on April 4 , 2017 , and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm . The season concluded on May 30 , 2017 .

neg: Cold Case (season 2) Season two of Cold Case , an American television series , began airing on October 3 , 2004 and concluded on May 22 , 2005 . Season two regular cast members include Kathryn Morris , Danny Pino , John Finn , Thom Barry and Jeremy Ratchford .

neg: 2005 in WEC The year 2005 is the 5th year in the history of World Extreme Cagefighting , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 WEC held 5 events beginning with , WEC 13 : Heavyweight Explosion .

neg: Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode .   The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order .   Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes .   A popular variant is the police procedural .

neg: Mark Morettini Mark Morettini ( born October 24 , 1962 ) is an American actor . He is most known for the role of Correctional Officer Rizzo Green on the TV series Prison Break .   Morettini was born and raised in East Providence , Rhode Island . He started theater in college and moved to Chicago to continue his career , starring in various productions , as well as roles in movies .   At one point he resided in Lake Bluff , Illinois . He is the father of three children .   He toured with George Wendt and Richard Thomas in 12 Angry Men as Juror # 7 , for 2 `` seasons '' . On Broadway he appeared in `` Pal Joey '' and `` A View From The Bridge '' .   He resides in NYC with his wife , Megan Schneid Morettini .

neg: National Prison Radio National Prison Radio ( NPR ) is the world 's first national radio station for prisoners. ; It is run by the Prison Radio Association ( PRA ) , a charity , in partnership with Her Majesty 's Prison Service and the National Offender Management Service ( NOMS ) . It broadcasts 24 hours a day , seven days a week to prisoners in over 100 establishments across England and Wales . Prisoners receive the service as an audio channel via in-cell TV systems . It is available to over 80,000 prisoners .   It aims to reduce re-offending by engaging prisoners in education and discussion , helping people in custody to develop strategies for dealing with the issues led them to prison . The station 's programmes are presented and produced by serving prisoners working alongside the PRA 's staff of professional radio producers . Content supports NOMS ' objective to reduce re-offending by providing information vital for progressing successfully through a prison sentence . It promotes educational opportunities , discussion of issues related to crime and justice , as well as messages and requests from prisoners ' families and friends .   National Prison Radio aims to help prisoners face up to the effects their actions have had on themselves , their families , victims and society as a whole , encouraging them to see prison as a place of positive change . It offers positive peer influence directly to prisoners in their cells , in a way that no other intervention can .

neg: Law & Order: Trial by Jury Law & Order : Trial by Jury is an American television drama about criminal trials set in New York City . It was the fourth series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . The show 's almost exclusive focus was on the criminal trial of the accused , showing both the prosecution 's and defense 's preparation for trial , as well as the trial itself . The series premiered on Thursday , March 3 , 2005 , and ended on January 21 , 2006 . Its regular time slot was Fridays 10/9 p.m. ET on NBC . The last episode aired on Court TV months after the series ' cancellation .

neg: The Law Firm The Law Firm is an American reality competition series which aired on NBC from July 28 , 2005 , until August 4 , 2005 . It features up-and-coming lawyers competing against each other while trying real court cases with real clients , in front of real judges and juries , resulting in outcomes that are final , legal and binding for the parties . The grand prize is $ 250,000 . Trial attorney and legal analyst Roy Black is the managing partner of The Law Firm . As managing partner , Black decides who will be eliminated each week .   5.08 million viewers tuned into the premiere and later dipped to 4.04 million for its second episode thus leading NBC to pull the series off the air . The remaining episodes aired on Bravo .

neg: Prison Break (film) Prison Break is a 1938 American crime-drama film directed by Arthur Lubin and starring Barton MacLane , Glenda Farrell and Paul Hurst . The film was based on the story `` Walls of San Quentin '' by Norton S. Parker . It was released by Universal Pictures on July 12 , 1938 . A fisherman confesses to a murder he did n't commit to protect a friend . Determined to keep out of trouble in prison , but another convict makes things difficult for him .

neg: Hard Time (TV series) Hard Time is an American reality-documentary television series on the National Geographic Channel . The series debuted on February 1 , 2011 and is hosted by Thurston Moore as he sheds light on the daily life of the prisoners and corrections officers in various state prisons across the United States . Prisons profiled in the series include Hays State Prison , Georgia Diagnostic and Classification State Prison , Ross Correctional Institution , and Clark County Detention Center .

neg: Scylla (Prison Break episode) `` Scylla '' is the 58th episode of the American television series Prison Break and the first episode of its fourth season which premiered as a two-hour episode with `` Breaking & Entering '' . It was broadcast in the United States on September 1 , 2008 and on the next day on Sky One and RTÉ Two .

neg: Fernando Sucre Fernando Sucre , played by Amaury Nolasco , is a fictional character from the American television series , Prison Break . He is introduced to the series in the pilot episode as the prison cellmate of the series protagonist , Michael Scofield ( played by Wentworth Miller ) .

neg: Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution .   `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .

neg: 2005 Soul Train Music Awards The 2005 Soul Train Music Awards were held on March 12 , 2005 at the Paramount Studios in Los Angeles , California . The show was hosted by Brian McKnight , Fantasia , Nick Cannon and Nicole Ritchie .

neg: 2005 in UFC The year 2005 is the 13th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States . In 2005 the UFC held 10 events beginning with , UFC 51 : Super Saturday . The reality TV series The Ultimate Fighter and the UFC Ultimate Fight Night both premiered on Spike TV . The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale was the first ever live UFC broadcast on non-pay-per-view television .

neg: The Break (TV series) For the 2016 UK series , see The Break ( UK TV series ) .   The Break ( La Trêve , `` The Truce '' ) is a French-language Belgian crime drama television series , produced by Anthony Rey and directed by Matthieu Donck . It debuted on RTBF 's La Une on 21 February 2016 , on France 2 on 29 August 2016 , and on Netflix in the United States , United Kingdom and Canada on 21 December 2016 .

neg: North Shore (TV series) North Shore is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on Fox every Monday at 8 p.m. EST ( 7 p.m. CST ) for seven months in 2004 and 2005 . It centered on the staff and guests of the fictional Grand Waimea Hotel and Resort ( actually the real-life Turtle Bay Resort located near Kahuku , O'ahu ) on Oahu 's North Shore in Hawaii .   From Fox 's website :  Intrigue abounds at the Grand Waimea Hotel , an exclusive Hawaiian escape for the wealthy , powerful and beautiful . Hawaiian native Jason Matthews runs the hotel and makes sure every guest gets everything they need . But when former flame Nicole Booth arrives as the hotel 's new Director of Guest Relations , Jason 's world is turned upside down . But Grand Waimea owner , Vincent Colville , is staying on top of him to make sure his past with Nicole wo n't affect their work life .   North Shore premiered on June 14 , 2004 , with a 13-episode commitment from Fox . The show was canceled in January 2005 after a 21-episode , single-season run . The show ended on a cliffhanger , and the final episode of the series has only had a single airing , not being shown in most territories ( including America ) .

neg: Loose Change Loose Change is a series of films released between 2005 and 2009 that argue in favor of certain conspiracy theories relating to the September 11th attacks . The films were written and directed by Dylan Avery and produced by Korey Rowe , Jason Bermas , and Matthew Brown .   The original 2005 film was edited and re-released as Loose Change : 2nd Edition ( 2006 ) , and then subsequently edited a third time for the 2nd Edition Recut ( 2007 ) . Loose Change : Final Cut , deemed `` the third and final release of this documentary series '' was released on DVD and Web-streaming format on November 11 , 2007 .   Another version of the film , Loose Change 9/11 : An American Coup , released on September 22 , 2009 , is narrated by Daniel Sunjata and distributed by Microcinema International .   Coverage of the film increased in 2006 with the recut release having airings on U.S. and European television stations and over 4 million views online in four months , leading Vanity Fair to say it could be the first internet blockbuster . Loose Change asserts that the usual account of the Pentagon attack , World Trade Center collapse and United 93 phone calls and crash is implausible and instead suggests the 9/11 attacks were a false flag operation . The film 's main claims have been debunked by journalists , independent researchers , and prominent members of the scientific and engineering community .

neg: Grave Danger `` Grave Danger '' is the fifth season finale of the American crime drama CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , which is set in Las Vegas , Nevada . This two-parter was directed by Quentin Tarantino and was aired on May 19 , 2005 . The episode features veteran actors Tony Curtis and Frank Gorshin as long-time friends of character Sam Braun . Gorshin died two days before the episode aired in the United States . The episode was later dedicated to his memory .

neg: 2005 in the United Kingdom Events from the year 2005 in the United Kingdom .

neg: Florence Correctional Center Florence Correctional Center ( FCC ) is a privately owned and operated medium-security prison for men in Florence , Arizona , run by the Corrections Corporation of America . Opened in 1999 , the current capacity of the facility is 1824 .   As of 2005 , CCA contracted with the Alaska Department of Corrections to keep more than 30 % of the state 's inmates in FCC . Many of these Alaskans were detainees awaiting trial .   In 2016 , the FCC houses inmates for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement , for the Vermont Department of Corrections , and for the United States Marshals Service .   The prison is one of several state , federal and private prisons in Florence .


query: Central America contains Honduras.

pos: Central America Central America ( América Central or Centroamérica ) is the southernmost , isthmian portion of the North American continent , which connects with South America on the southeast . Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north , Colombia to the southeast , the Caribbean Sea to the east , and the Pacific Ocean to the west . Central America consists of seven countries : Belize , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Nicaragua , and Panama . The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 ( 2009 estimate ) and 42,688,190 ( 2012 estimate ) .   Central America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot , which extends from northern Guatemala through to central Panama . Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc , there is a great deal of seismic activity in the region . Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur frequently ; these natural disasters have resulted in the loss of many lives and much property .   In the Pre-Columbian era , Central America was inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica to the north and west and the Isthmo-Colombian peoples to the south and east . Soon after Christopher Columbus 's voyages to the Americas , the Spanish began to colonize the Americas . From 1609 until 1821 , most of the territory within Central America -- except for the lands that would become Belize and Panama -- was governed by the Viceroyalty of New Spain from Mexico City as the Captaincy General of Guatemala . After New Spain achieved independence from Spain in 1821 , some of its provinces were annexed to the First Mexican Empire , but soon seceded from Mexico to form the Federal Republic of Central America , which lasted from 1823 to 1838 . The seven states finally became independent autonomous states : beginning with Nicaragua , Honduras , Costa Rica , and Guatemala ( 1838 ) ; followed by El Salvador ( 1841 ) ; then Panama ( 1903 ) ; and finally Belize ( 1981 ) .

neg: List of companies of Colombia Colombia is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , the Dominican Republic and Haiti . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments .   Colombia is the third most populous country in Latin America . Its major industries include textiles , food processing , petroleum , clothing and footwear , consumer appliances , beverages , chemicals , cement , automobiles , gold , coal , and emeralds   For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Colombia '' .

neg: Isthmo-Colombian Area The Isthmo-Colombian Area is defined as a cultural area encompassing those territories occupied predominantly by speakers of the Chibchan languages at the time of European contact . It includes portions of the Central American isthmus like eastern El Salvador , eastern Honduras , Caribbean Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Panama , and northern Colombia .

neg: Andean states The Andean States ( Estados Andinos ) are a group of nations in South America connected by the Andes mountain range . `` Andean States '' is sometimes used to refer to all seven countries that the Andes runs through , regions with a shared culture primarily spread during the times of the Inca Empire ( such as the Quechua language and Andean cuisine ) , or it can be used in a geopolitical sense to designate countries in the region that are members of the Andean Community trade group and have a local ( as opposed to European ) cultural orientation .   The Andes extend through the western part of South America in following countries :        ( not considered to be geopolitically an Andean State )  ( not considered to be geopolitically an Andean State )   When grouped as `` the Andean states '' , the emphasis is on the mountainous regions of these countries . For example , the Argentine pampas are not part of the Andean region , but western Argentina along with Chile is part of the Andean region , and has cultural continuities with its Andean neighbors . Venezuela , Colombia , Peru , Ecuador and Bolivia are part of the Andean Community ( a trade grouping ) , and each contains Amazon Rainforest and Amazonian indigenous people as well as Andean mountains .

neg: 2014 American immigration crisis The 2014 American immigration crisis refers to the surge in unaccompanied children from Central America seeking entrance to the United States . The surge has increased rapidly , doubling in volume each year , reaching crisis proportions in 2014 when tens of thousands of women and children from El Salvador , Guatemala , and Honduras migrated to the United States . Many of the children had no parent/legal guardian available to provide care or physical custody and quickly overwhelmed local border patrols . , the number of unaccompanied children apprehended at the U.S. border had dropped by about 40 % . The proportion of migrants from Guatemala had increased , while that of migrants from El Salvador and Honduras had decreased .

neg: Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( Mar Caribe Mer des Caraïbes Caraïbische Zee ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere . It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west , to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba , to the east by the Lesser Antilles , and to the south by the north coast of South America .   The entire area of the Caribbean Sea , the numerous islands of the West Indies , and adjacent coasts , are collectively known as the Caribbean . The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 km2 ( 1,063,000 sq mi ) . The sea 's deepest point is the Cayman Trough , between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica , at 7,686 m ( 25,220 ft ) below sea level . The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays : the Gulf of Gonâve , Gulf of Venezuela , Gulf of Darién , Golfo de los Mosquitos , Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras .   The Caribbean Sea has the world 's second biggest barrier reef , the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef . It runs 1000 km along the coasts of Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , and Honduras .

neg: Gulf of Honduras The Gulf or Bay of Honduras is a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea , indenting the coasts of Belize , Guatemala , and Honduras . From north to south , it runs for approximately 200 km from Dangriga , Belize , to La Ceiba , Honduras .   The inner Gulf of Honduras is lined by the Belize Barrier Reef which forms the southern part of the 900 km long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System , the second-largest coral reef system in the world . The Belize Barrier Reef includes a number of small islands , called cays , and collectively known as the Pelican Cays .   The Gulf of Honduras is marked by complex dynamics of coastal and open waters , and ocean currents , which have produced a very diverse and unique ecosystem with a wide variety of coastal marine waters , including coastline estuaries , barrier beaches , lagoons , intertidal salt marshes , mangrove forests , seagrass beds , keys and barrier reefs .   The gulf receives the runoff from the watersheds of 12 rivers with an estimated discharge of 1232 m ³ s − 1 . These rivers include the Moho , Sarstún , Río Dulce , Motagua , and Ulúa . Increased volumes of sediments drained in the Gulf of Honduras pose a threat to its marine ecosystem .   Many American anglers visit the Gulf of Honduras to catch the marlin that abound there . Tourists are often taken on boat trips to the Pelican Cays , notably Caye Caulker and Ambergris Caye .   In 1961 Hurricane Hattie swept across the Gulf of Honduras , destroying buildings in Belize .   The infamous pirate Blackbeard spent the winter of 1717-1718 harassing shipping boats sailing to and from the port of Vera Cruz , Mexico and traversing the Bay of Honduras . In April 1718 , at Turneffe Atoll , Blackbeard captured the logwood cutting sloop Adventure and forced its captain , David Herriot , to join him . Blackbeard then made Israel Hands captain of the Adventure and began sailing for North Carolina .

neg: Central American music Central America is dominated by the popular Latin music , or Black Caribbean trends , including salsa , cumbia , mariachi , reggae , calypso and nueva canción . The countries of Central America have produced their own distinct forms of these genres such as Panamanian salsa , among others . One of the well-known forms of Central American music is punta , a style innovated by the syncretic Garifunas who live across the region , in Honduras , Nicaragua , Guatemala and Belize . The marimba , a type of xylophone , is perhaps the most important folk instrument of Central America , and it is widespread throughout the region .

neg: Territorial evolution of the Caribbean This is a timeline of the territorial evolution of the Caribbean and nearby areas of North , Central , and South America , listing each change to the internal and external borders of the various countries that make up the region .   The region covered is the Caribbean , its islands ( most of which enclose the sea ) , and the surrounding coasts , as well as the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico , Florida , Central America , and the northern region of South America .   The political evolution of the land surrounding the Caribbean reveals the significant role the region played in the colonial struggles of the European powers since Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492 . In the 20th century the Caribbean was again important during World War II , in the decolonization wave in the post-war period , and in the tension between Communist Cuba and the United States ( U.S. ) . Genocide , slavery , immigration and rivalry between world powers have given Caribbean history an impact disproportionate to the size of this small region .   At the time of the European discovery of most of the islands of the Caribbean , three major Amerindian indigenous peoples lived on the islands : the Taíno in the Greater Antilles , The Bahamas and the Leeward Islands ; the Island Caribs and Galibi in the Windward Islands ; and the Ciboney in western Cuba . The Taínos are subdivided into Classic Taínos , who occupied Hispaniola and Puerto Rico , Western Taínos , who occupied Cuba , Jamaica , and the Bahamian archipelago , and the Eastern Taínos , who occupied the Leeward Islands . Trinidad was inhabited by both Carib speaking and Arawak-speaking groups .

neg: AeroCaribe de Honduras AeroCaribe de Honduras is an airline in Honduras flying between San Pedro Sula 's Ramón Villeda Morales International Airport and :  La Ceiba 's Golosón International Airport  Roatan 's Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport

neg: CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments .   CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members .   CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .

neg: American immigration to Honduras There are many reasons that United States citizens emigrate to Honduras .

neg: History of Belize The History of Belize dates back thousands of years . The Maya civilization spread into the area of Belize between 1500 BC to 1200 BC and flourished until about 1000 AD . Severales , including Cahal Pech , Caracol , Lamanai , Lubaantun , Altun Ha , and Xunantunich reflect the advanced civilization and much denser population of that period . The first recorded European settlement was established by shipwrecked English seamen in 1638 . Over the next 150 years , more English settlements were established . This period also was marked by piracy , indiscriminate logging , sporadic attacks by natives , and neighboring Spanish settlements .   Great Britain first sent an official to the area in the late 17th century , but Belize was not formally termed the `` Colony of British Honduras '' until 1840 . It became a crown colony in 1862 . Subsequently , several constitutional changes were enacted to expand representative government . Full internal self-government under a ministerial system was granted in January 1964 . The official name of the territory was changed from British Honduras to Belize in June 1973 , and full independence was granted on September 21 , 1981 .

neg: Sonaguera Sonaguera is a municipality in the Department of Colón , Honduras , Central America , located approximately one hour south of La Ceiba .   Sonaguera has a population of 44,079 inhabitants .   The area surrounding Sonaguera is principally agricultural , with the major crop being oranges . Both Valencia and Pina oranges are grown in the region . The Association of Citricultores , Sonaguera , Colon ( ACISON ) represents the orange growers of the region .

neg: Human trafficking in Panama Panama is a source , transit , and destination country for women and children subjected to trafficking in persons , specifically forced prostitution . Although some Panamanian women and girls are found in forced prostitution in other countries in Latin America and in Europe , most Panamanian trafficking victims are exploited within the country . Although statistics were lacking , both NGOs and government officials anecdotally reported that commercial sexual exploitation of children was greater in rural areas and in the city of Colon than in Panama City . NGOs report that some Panamanian children , mostly young girls , are subjected to involuntary domestic servitude . Most foreign sex trafficking victims are adult women from Colombia , the Dominican Republic , and neighboring Central American countries ; some victims migrate voluntarily to Panama to work but are subsequently forced into prostitution . Weak controls along Panama 's borders make the nation an easy transit point for irregular migrants , from Latin America , East Africa , and Asia , some of whom may fall victim to human trafficking .   The government of Panama does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking ; however , it is making significant efforts to do so . During the reporting period , authorities increased public awareness about the prostitution of children through seminars in schools and an outreach campaign with the tourism sector . Despite such efforts , the government showed little evidence of progress in combating human trafficking . Law enforcement efforts remained weak , the Panamanian penal code did not prohibit trafficking for forced labor , and the government failed to provide adequate assistance to victims and to identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations ; therefore , Panama is placed on Tier 2 Watch List .

neg: History of Panama (to 1821) In the history of Panama , the earliest known inhabitants were the Cueva and Coclé tribes , but they were drastically reduced by disease and fighting when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century . But \ some moved out of Panama to have children and increase population .   Rodrigo de Bastidas , sailing westward from Venezuela in 1501 in search of gold , was the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama . 10 years later , Vasco Núñez de Balboa visited the Isthmus and established a short-lived settlement in the Darién . Vasco Núñez de Balboa 's torturous trek from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 1513 demonstrated that the Isthmus was , indeed , the path between the seas , and Panama quickly became the crossroads and marketplace of Spain 's empire in the New World . Gold and silver were brought by ship from South America , hauled across the Isthmus , and loaded aboard ships for Spain . The route became known as the Camino Real , or Royal Road , although it was more commonly known as Camino de Cruces ( Road of the Crosses ) because the road led to the TOWN of Venta Cruces located on the Rio Chagres .   Panama was part of the Spanish empire for nearly 300 years , from 1538 to 1821 . From the outset , Panamanian identity was based on a sense of `` geographic destiny '' , and Panamanian fortunes fluctuated with the geopolitical importance of the Isthmus . The colonial experience also spawned Panamanian nationalism as well as a racially complex and highly stratified society , the source of internal conflicts that ran counter to the unifying force of nationalism .

neg: List of companies of Guatemala Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , the Pacific Ocean to the southwest , Belize to the northeast , the Caribbean to the east , Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast . With an estimated population of around 15.8 million , it is the most populated state in Central America . A representative democracy , Guatemala 's capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción , also known as Guatemala City .   Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) in purchasing power parity ( PPP ) in 2010 was estimated at $ 70.15 billion USD . The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 63 % , followed by the industry sector at 23.8 % and the agriculture sector at 13.2 % ( 2010 est. ) . Mines produce gold , silver , zinc , cobalt and nickel . The agricultural sector accounts for about two-fifths of exports , and half of the labor force . Organic coffee , sugar , textiles , fresh vegetables , and bananas are the country 's main exports . Inflation was 3.9 % in 2010 .

neg: Central American Minors Program The Central American Minors Program ( CAM ) is an American immigration policy established by the Obama administration on November 2014 . The program allows lawfully present parents in the United States the opportunity to request a refugee or parole status for their children who reside in the Northern Triangle : El Salvador , Guatemala , and Honduras .   Due to an influx of unaccompanied minors entering the United States from Central America and being victims of violent crimes during the journey , the Obama administration initiated programs that partnered with Central American governments to combat the violence that influences minors to migrate to the United States . However , the violence in the Northern Triangle only escalated in 2015 , prompting the Obama administration to expand The Central American Minors Program in 2016 .

neg: Fauna of Honduras The republic of Honduras is a Central American country , geographically situated inside the tropics , this habitat allows thousand of species to adapt easily to its lands , therefore has a wide variety of flora and fauna species , humans among them .   Many of these species are becoming extinct , which has posed to the Honduran government , offices and naturalist organizations that promote and look after the protection so much the biodiversity of species , like the existent natural reservations .   Fauna in Honduras is very rich and varied . The most common are arboreal or live in the fluvial currents lacustrine waters .   Big animals are not very numerous but there are hundreds of reptile species , amphibians and birds ; lizards and a lot of varieties of fish in the currents . Cute , bats and myriads of birds abound in the trees .

neg: Río Negro (Central America) Río Negro ( -LSB- ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo -RSB- ) is a river that divides the countries of Honduras and Nicaragua along the Pacific coast . Its path was substantially altered by Hurricane Mitch in October 1998 . It mostly runs through a very undeveloped jungle region of the 2 countries .   Category : Rivers of Honduras  Category : Rivers of Nicaragua

neg: Manuel Bonilla National Theater Manuel Bonilla National Theater is a cultural center situated in the city of Tegucigalpa , M.D.C. Capital of the republic of Honduras .   In 1905 , several tegucigalpan intellectuals lovers of the letters and the art , included Rómulo Ernesto Durón , Luis Landa Escober , Froylán Turcios , Esteban Guardiola , Augusto C. Coello , formed a committee to commemorate the three hundred years of the work Don Quijote de la Mancha of Miguel de Cervantes , requested to the president of Honduras Manuel Bonilla the construction of a National Theatre in honour to the Spanish writer .   They requested a decree for the construction of a coliseum for performing arts that would carry the name of `` Theatre Cervantes '' , more than a theatre , a coliseum , where the capitalinos could witness theatre , opera , zarzuela and dance to the European style . The decree of construction issued the day 4 April 1905 , from the same year began the construction , the theatre built in 10 years , with an only model in Centroamérica .


query: John D. Rockefeller has a brother named William.

pos: John D. Rockefeller John Davison Rockefeller Sr. ( July 8 , 1839 -- May 23 , 1937 ) was an American oil industry business magnate and philanthropist . He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time , and the richest person in modern history .   Born into a large family in upstate New York , he was shaped by his con man father and religious mother . His family moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland , Ohio . Rockefeller became an assistant bookkeeper at the age of 16 , and went into a business partnership with Maurice B. Clark and his brothers at 20 . After buying them out , he and his brother William founded Rockefeller & Andrews with Samuel Andrews . Instead of drilling for oil , he concentrated on refining . In 1867 , Henry Flagler entered the partnership . The Rockefeller , Andrews & Flagler company grew by incorporating local refineries . Rockefeller formally founded the Standard Oil Company , Inc. in 1870 as an Ohio partnership with his brother , Henry Flagler , Jabez A. Bostwick , Samuel Andrews , and a silent partner , Stephen V. Harkness . He ran it until 1897 . As kerosene and gasoline grew in importance , Rockefeller 's wealth soared and he became the richest person in the country , controlling 90 % of all oil in the United States at his peak . Oil was used throughout the country as a light source until the introduction of electricity and as a fuel after the invention of the automobile . Furthermore , Rockefeller gained enormous influence over the railroad industry , which transported his oil around the country . Standard Oil was the first great business trust in the United States . Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry , and along with other key contemporary industrialists such as steel magnate Andrew Carnegie , defined the structure of modern philanthropy .   The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that Standard Oil must be dismantled for violation of federal anti-trust laws ; it was broken up into 34 separate entities that included companies that would become ExxonMobil , Chevron , and others ; some of them still having the largest revenue . Individual pieces of the company were worth more than the whole , and as shares of these doubled and tripled in value in their early years , Rockefeller became the country 's first billionaire with a fortune worth nearly 2 percent of the national economy . His peak net worth was estimated at $ 336 billion ( in 2007 USD ; inflation-adjusted ) in 1913 . Rockefeller spent the last 40 years of his life in retirement at his estate in Westchester County , New York . His fortune was mainly used to create the modern systematic approach of targeted philanthropy through the creation of foundations that had a major effect on medicine , education and scientific research . His foundations pioneered the development of medical research and were instrumental in the eradication of hookworm and yellow fever .   Rockefeller was also the founder of both the University of Chicago and Rockefeller University and funded the establishment of Central Philippine University in the Philippines . He was a devout Northern Baptist , and supported many church-based institutions . Rockefeller adhered to total abstinence from alcohol and tobacco throughout his life . He was a faithful congregant of the Erie Street Baptist Mission Church , where he taught Sunday school , and served as a trustee , clerk , and occasional janitor . Religion was a guiding force throughout his life , and Rockefeller believed it to be the source of his success . Rockefeller was also considered a supporter of capitalism based on a perspective of social Darwinism , and was quoted often as saying `` The growth of a large business is merely a survival of the fittest '' .

pos: William Rockefeller William Avery Rockefeller , Jr. ( May 31 , 1841 -- June 24 , 1922 ) was an American businessman and financier . He was a co-founder of Standard Oil along with his older brother John Davison Rockefeller ( 1839 -- 1937 ) . He was also a prominent member of the Rockefeller family .

neg: Robert A. Taft Robert Alphonso Taft ( September 8 , 1889 -- July 31 , 1953 ) was a conservative American politician , statesman , and presidential hopeful who served as a United States Senator from Ohio from 1939 until his death in 1953 . A member of the Republican Taft political family , he was the elder son of William Howard Taft ( the 27th President of the United States and 10th Chief Justice of the United States ) .   Taft was the Senate 's main opponent of Franklin Roosevelt 's New Deal domestic policies .   After the president 's death , Taft successfully led the conservative coalition 's efforts to curb the power of labor unions . Taft was a leading advocate of non-interventionism in foreign policy . He failed in his quests to win the Republican Party 's presidential nomination in 1940 , 1948 , and 1952 . Throughout that period he battled New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey ( leader of the moderate `` Eastern Establishment '' ) for control of the party . Taft 's biographer , James T. Patterson , portrayed Taft as honest , conscientious , courageous , dignified , and highly intelligent but also faulted Taft 's competitiveness , lack of public-relations skills , and extreme partisanship . A 1957 Senate committee named Taft as one of America 's five greatest senators , along with Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , John C. Calhoun , and Robert M. La Follette , Sr. .

neg: William Stamps Farish II William Stamps Farish II ( February 23 , 1881 -- November 29 , 1942 ) was a pioneer in East Texas oilfield development , president of Standard Oil and a founding member and president of the American Petroleum Institute . He was a member of the influential Farish family .

neg: William D. Washburn William Drew `` W.D. '' Washburn , Sr. ( January 14 , 1831 -- July 29 , 1912 ) was an American politician . He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate as a Republican from Minnesota . Three of his seven brothers became politicians : Elihu B. Washburne , Cadwallader C. Washburn , and Israel Washburn , Jr. . He was also cousin of Dorilus Morrison , the first mayor of Minneapolis . He served in the 46th , 47th , 48th , 51st , 52nd , and 53rd congresses .   Washburn was born in Livermore , Maine . A graduate of Bowdoin College , he first studied law in the office of John A. Peters in Bangor , Maine before moving to Minneapolis , Minnesota around 1857 . There he practiced law , and worked for the Minneapolis Milling Company ( founded by his brother Cadwallader ) . His business ventures in lumber and flour milling allowed him to amass a large fortune , and by the 1880s , he was among the wealthiest men in Minnesota . Washburn served as the first president from 1883 to 1889 of what was to become Soo Line Railroad . He also founded the Pillsbury-Washburn Milling Company , which later became the Pillsbury Company , and was eventually absorbed by his brother 's firm , General Mills .   Washburn built a mansion known as `` Fair Oaks '' in 1883 . It was designed by E. Townsend Mix , who also designed Minneapolis 's Metropolitan Building , and the outdoor landscape was laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted . The grounds included an artificial stream leading to a pond , a rustic footbridge , a greenhouse , and a carriage house . The home was demolished in 1924 to make way for a park , although the region is now part of the Washburn-Fair Oaks Mansion District , which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 .   Washburn served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1871 . He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1878 and served from March 4 , 1879 to March 3 , 1885 . He was elected to the Senate in 1888 and served from March 4 , 1889 to March 4 , 1895 .   Washburn was a founder of the First Universalist Church of Minneapolis in 1859 . A major benefactor , he served as a trustee and President for much of his remaining life . He died in Minneapolis in 1912 . His grandson C. Langhorne Washburn was to be active in the Republican Party from the 1950s through the 1970s .   William Washburn 's son , Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn , was born in 1866 . Cad became deaf as a child . His talent as an artist was noticed at an early age . Cad eventually became a noted artist and news correspondent who pioneered many new painting techniques in the west . The arts center at his alma mater , Gallaudet University , is named for Cad Washburn . Another son William Drew Washburn , Jr. also served in the Minnesota House of Representatives .

neg: William Coors William Kistler `` Bill '' Coors ( August 11 , 1916 in Colorado ) is a grandson of Adolph Coors ( 1847-1929 ) , founder of the Coors Brewing Company . He has been affiliated with the company for 64 years , and was a board member from 1973 to 2003 . He turned 100 in August 2016 .

neg: John Smith (nephew of Joseph Smith) John Smith ( September 22 , 1832 -- November 6 , 1911 ) , was the fifth Presiding Patriarch of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . His father was Hyrum Smith , the older brother of Joseph Smith , the founder of Mormonism .   John was born in Kirtland , Ohio , to Hyrum Smith and his first wife , Jerusha Barden Smith , during the early days of the Latter Day Saint movement . He was among the first generation of children raised in the church . The office of Presiding Patriarch was initially created to honor Joseph Smith , Sr. , the father of the religion 's founder . Before his death in 1840 , Joseph Smith , Sr. declared his eldest living son , Hyrum , would receive the office of patriarch by virtue of lineal succession . Hyrum at this time was one of the most influential members of the church and was widely seen as the most likely successor to its leadership should he outlive his brother . However , in 1844 , both Hyrum and Joseph Smith were assassinated by a mob in Carthage , Illinois .   This event left the church leaderless . By consensus , it was expected that the title of Presiding Patriarch would pass to Hyrum Smith 's eldest son , John . However , because John Smith was only 11 years of age at the time of his father 's death , the position was instead claimed by a younger brother of Joseph Smith , Jr. , William , and later by the younger brother of Joseph , Sr. , John Smith , who was known to the church as `` Uncle John '' . Meanwhile , Hyrum 's son John Smith traveled with the family of Heber C. Kimball to Winter Quarters , Nebraska . In 1848 , John Smith , along with Kimball , reached the Salt Lake Valley to join Brigham Young , who had assumed leadership of the largest Latter Day Saint faction , the LDS Church .   In February 1855 , the younger John Smith succeeded his great uncle , `` Uncle John '' Smith as Presiding Patriarch of the LDS Church , following the latter 's death . In this capacity , he acted as voice in the setting apart of his younger half-brother , Joseph F. Smith as president of the church . He became the longest-serving Presiding Patriarch in LDS Church history , remaining in that position for 56 years , until his death from pneumonia in 1911 in Salt Lake City . Among his accomplishments during this time were a mission to Scandinavia , begun in 1862 . Following his death , he was succeeded by his grandson , Hyrum G. Smith . Smith was buried in Salt Lake City .

neg: Wendell Willkie Wendell Lewis Willkie ( born Lewis Wendell Willkie ; February 18 , 1892 -- October 8 , 1944 ) was an American lawyer and corporate executive , and the 1940 Republican nominee for President . Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field 's only interventionist : although the U.S. remained neutral prior to Pearl Harbor , he favored greater U.S. involvement in World War II to support Britain and other Allies . His Democratic opponent , incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt , won the 1940 election with about 55 % of the popular vote and took the electoral college vote by a wide margin .   Willkie was born in Indiana in 1892 ; both his parents were lawyers , and he also became one . He served in World War I but was not sent to France until the final days of the war , and saw no action . Willkie settled in Akron , Ohio , where he was initially employed by Firestone , but left for a law firm , becoming one of the leaders of the Akron bar . Much of his work was representing electric utilities , and in 1929 Willkie accepted a job in New York City as counsel for Commonwealth & Southern Corporation ( C&S ) , a utility holding company . He was rapidly promoted , and became corporate president in 1933 . Roosevelt was sworn in as U.S. president soon after Willkie became head of C&S , and announced plans for a Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) that would supply power in competition with C&S . Between 1933 and 1939 , Willkie fought against the TVA before Congress , in the courts , and before the public . He was ultimately unsuccessful , but sold C&S 's property for a good price , and gained public esteem .   A longtime Democratic activist , Willkie changed his party registration to Republican in late 1939 . He did not run in the 1940 presidential primaries , but positioned himself as an acceptable choice for a deadlocked convention . He sought backing from uncommitted delegates , while his supporters -- many youthful -- enthusiastically promoted his candidacy . As German forces under Hitler rampaged through western Europe in 1940 , many Republicans did not wish to nominate an isolationist like Thomas E. Dewey , and turned to Willkie , who was nominated on the sixth ballot over Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft . Willkie 's support for aid to Britain removed it as a major factor in his race against Roosevelt , and Willkie also backed the president on a peacetime draft . Both men took more isolationist positions towards the end of the race . Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term , taking 38 of the 48 states .   After the election , Willkie made two wartime foreign trips as Roosevelt 's informal envoy , and as nominal leader of the Republican Party gave the president his full support . This angered many conservatives , especially as Willkie increasingly advocated liberal or internationalist causes . Willkie ran for the Republican nomination in 1944 , but bowed out after a disastrous showing in the Wisconsin primary in April . He and Roosevelt discussed the possibility of forming , after the war , a liberal political party , but Willkie died in October 1944 before the idea could bear fruit . Willkie is remembered for giving Roosevelt vital political assistance in 1940 , which allowed the president to aid Britain in its time of crisis .

neg: William Rhodes Davis William Rhodes Davis ( February 10 , 1889 -- August 1 , 1941 ) was a United States businessman whose oil interests involved him in furthering the strategic interests of Nazi Germany .

neg: John Stewart Kennedy John Stewart Kennedy ( January 4 , 1830 -- October 30 , 1909 ) was a Scottish-born American businessman , financier and philanthropist . He was a member of the Jekyll Island Club ( also known as The Millionaires ' Club ) on Jekyll Island , Georgia along with J.P. Morgan and William Rockefeller among others .   He married Ms. Emma Baker ( 1833-1930 ) , of Elizabeth , New Jersey in 1858 ( two years after moving to New York City ) .

neg: William McKinley William McKinley Jr. ( January 29 , 1843 -- September 14 , 1901 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 25th President of the United States from March 4 , 1897 until his assassination in September 1901 , six months into his second term . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals .   McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War , and the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier , beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet major . After the war , he settled in Canton , Ohio , where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton . In 1876 , he was elected to Congress , where he became the Republican Party 's expert on the protective tariff , which he promised would bring prosperity . His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial ; which together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office , led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890 . He was elected Ohio 's governor in 1891 and 1893 , steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests . With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna , he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896 , amid a deep economic depression . He defeated his Democratic rival , William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' ( the gold standard unless altered by international agreement ) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity .   Rapid economic growth marked McKinley 's presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation into the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but at that time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory .   Historians regard McKinley 's 1896 victory as a realigning election , in which the political stalemate of the post -- Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System , which began with the Progressive Era . McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . However , his legacy was quickly cut short when he was shot on September 6 , 1901 by Leon Czolgosz , a second-generation Polish-American with anarchist leanings ; McKinley died eight days later , and was succeeded by his Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally considered above average , though his universally positive public perception was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt .

neg: William Hickson Barton William Hickson Barton , ( December 10 , 1917 -- November 8 , 2013 ) was a Canadian diplomat .   Born in Winnipeg , Manitoba , he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1940 from the University of British Columbia . During World War II , he served in the Canadian Army . After the war , in 1946 , he joined the Canadian civil service in the Defence Research Board as a Secretary . In 1950 , he was a Secretary at the National Aeronautical Research Committee . In 1952 , he joined the Department of External Affairs and served in Vienna , Geneva , and at the United Nations . From 1957 to 1959 , he was an Alternate Governor for Canada at the International Atomic Energy Agency . In 1964 , he was appointed Head of the United Nations Division in the Department of External Affairs and in 1970 was appointed an Assistant Under-Secretary State for External Affairs .   In 1972 , he was appointed Ambassador and Permanent Representative for Canada at the United Nations in Geneva . From 1976 to 1979 , he was Ambassador and Permanent Representative for Canada at the United Nations in New York . In June 1977 and July 1978 , he served as President of the United Nations Security Council .   From 1984 to 1989 , he was the first Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security .   In 1993 , he was made a Member of the Order of Canada for having `` enhanced Canada 's role and stature in the international community '' .   Carleton University awarded a degree of Doctor of Laws , honoris causa , to William Barton in its 132nd Convocation Ceremony on June 11 , 2008 .   He died on November 8 , 2013 , aged 95 .

neg: Winthrop Paul Rockefeller Winthrop Paul `` Win '' Rockefeller ( September 17 , 1948 -- July 16 , 2006 ) was a Republican politician who served as the 13th Lieutenant Governor of the US state of Arkansas from 1996 until his death in 2006 . He was also a member of the Rockefeller family .

neg: Samuel Calvin Tate Dodd Samuel Calvin Tate Dodd ( 1836 -- 1907 ) was an American lawyer notable for his work for John D. Rockefeller . Dodd created the business trust arrangement that enabled Rockefeller 's control of many oil companies , and he organized Standard Oil , one of the earliest large holding companies . Dodd was an opponent of the Sherman Antitrust Act and argued that only `` unreasonable '' restraints of trade should be illegal ; this view was adopted ( after Dodd 's death ) by the United States Supreme Court in Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States ( though the court found Standard Oil 's behavior to be unreasonable and ordered the company 's break-up ) .

neg: Chauncey Depew Chauncey Mitchell Depew ( April 23 , 1834April 5 , 1928 ) was an attorney for Cornelius Vanderbilt 's railroad interests , president of the New York Central Railroad System , and a United States Senator from New York from 1899 to 1911 .

neg: Morgan family The Morgan family was an American financial and banking dynasty , which became prominent in the U.S. and throughout the world in the late 19th century and early 20th century . Members of the family amassed an immense fortune over the generations , primarily through the noted work of John Pierpont ( J. P. ) Morgan ( 1837 -- 1913 ) .   Morgan members were notable for dominating the banking industry during their time . J.P. Morgan was the de facto leader of this dynasty , having been the most prominent businessman in America at the turn of the century . He revolutionized numerous industries , including electricity , railroad , and steel . Through his business methods , he was highly successful in asserting his power as one of the most influential businessmen in America . Historians describe the Morgan family along with its web of partners to be part of the large American banking empire known as the House of Morgan . It is difficult to place an exact beginning and end date on the dynasty . However , many scholars attribute the death of J.P. Morgan to the end of the banking dynasty . American journalist and historian Ron Chernow wrote about the prominence of this dynasty under J.S. Morgan and J.P. Morgan . In The House of Morgan : An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance , he chronicles the lives of the Morgans , whose lives are `` encrusted with legend ... ripe with mystery , -LSB- and -RSB- exposed to such bitter polemics '' .

neg: Winthrop Rockefeller Winthrop Rockefeller ( May 1 , 1912 -- February 22 , 1973 ) was an American politician and philanthropist , who served as the first Republican Governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction . He was a third-generation member of the Rockefeller family .

neg: Eileen Rockefeller Growald Eileen Rockefeller ( born 1952 ) is an American philanthropist . She is the youngest daughter of David Rockefeller and Margaret `` Peggy '' McGrath . Eileen is a member of the fourth generation of the Rockefeller family widely known as `` the Cousins '' . Her elder siblings are Abby , Richard , Neva , Peggy , and David Jr. .   Growald attended the Chapin School in New York and graduated from Oldfields School in Maryland . She received her bachelor 's degree from Middlebury College in 1974 and her master 's in Early Childhood Education from Lesley College in association with the Shady Hill School in 1976 .   In 1982 , she founded and was president of the Institute for the Advancement of Health , dealing principally with the scientific understanding of mind-body interactions in health and disease ; this subject has evolved into what is now called Emotional Intelligence . She co-founded The Collaborative for Academic , Social , and Emotional Learning ( CASEL ) in 1992 .   In 2000 , she and her husband , Paul Growald , founded The Champlain Valley Greenbelt Alliance ( CVGA ) , a local non-profit organization to protect greenbelts along major corridors in Vermont . They have two sons , Daniel and Adam .   Growald , who describes herself as a venture philanthropist , is also the founding chair of Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors , set up in New York by various members of the family in 2002 . The largest advisory service of its kind , its current chair is Kevin Broderick , who served on the board of Rockefeller Financial Services and took over as chairman from Rockefeller in 2005 . Its mission is to create thoughtful , effective philanthropy throughout the world .   Growald was also closely involved with The Gailer School , when it was located in Shelburne , Vermont , where she lives on the former Vanderbilt estate , Shelburne Farms .   After her brother David Rockefeller Jr. , she is seen as a leader of the family 's fourth generation , one of whose major funding priorities is reducing the threat of nuclear war .   In 2014 , her book , `` Being a Rockefeller , Becoming Myself : A Memoir '' , was published .

neg: William R. Frist William R. Frist ( a.k.a. Billy Frist ) is an American heir , businessman , investor and philanthropist from Tennessee .

neg: Wallace Trevor Holliday Wallace Trevor Holliday was President of Standard Oil of Ohio , John D. Rockefeller 's ' first oil company , from 1928 to 1949 and Chairman of the Board from 1949 until his death on November 7 , 1950 .

neg: William Sloane Coffin Sr. William Sloane Coffin Sr. ( April15 , 1879December16 , 1933 ) was an American businessman . He was a director , and later vice-president of W. & J. Sloane Company , his family 's business , which was founded by his grandfather , William Sloane , from Kilmarnock , Scotland . He became president of the board of trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art , and founded the Hearth and Home Corporation to provide housing in downtown Manhattan , New York City .

neg: William M. Tweed William Magear Tweed ( April 3 , 1823 -- April 12 , 1878 ) -- often erroneously referred to as `` William Marcy Tweed '' ( see below ) , and widely known as `` Boss '' Tweed -- was an American politician most notable for being the `` boss '' of Tammany Hall , the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York City and State . At the height of his influence , Tweed was the third-largest landowner in New York City and a director of the Erie Railroad , the Tenth National Bank , and the New-York Printing Company , as well as proprietor of the Metropolitan Hotel .   Tweed was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1852 and the New York County board of supervisors in 1858 , the year he became the head of the Tammany Hall political machine . He was also elected to the New York State Senate in 1867 , but Tweed 's greatest influence came from being an appointed member of a number of boards and commissions , his control over political patronage in New York City through Tammany , and his ability to ensure the loyalty of voters through jobs he could create and dispense on city-related projects .   According to Tweed biographer Kenneth D. Ackerman : It 's hard not to admire the skill behind Tweed 's system ... The Tweed ring at its height was an engineering marvel , strong and solid , strategically deployed to control key power points : the courts , the legislature , the treasury and the ballot box . Its frauds had a grandeur of scale and an elegance of structure : money-laundering , profit sharing and organization .   Tweed was convicted for stealing an amount estimated by an aldermen 's committee in 1877 at between $ 25 million and $ 45 million from New York City taxpayers through political corruption , although later estimates ranged as high as $ 200 million . Unable to make bail , he escaped from jail once , but was returned to custody . He died in the Ludlow Street Jail .