query: Broadcast News is a film.

pos: Broadcast News (film) Broadcast News is a 1987 romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by James L. Brooks . The film concerns a virtuoso television news producer ( Holly Hunter ) , who has daily emotional breakdowns , a brilliant yet prickly reporter ( Albert Brooks ) and his charismatic but far less seasoned rival ( William Hurt ) . It also stars Robert Prosky , Lois Chiles , Joan Cusack , and Jack Nicholson ( billed only in the end credits ) as the evening news anchor .

neg: CBS Overnight News CBS Overnight News is an American overnight television news program that is broadcast on CBS during the early morning hours each Monday through Friday . The program maintains a hard news format , incorporating national , international and business news headlines ; feature reports ; interviews ; national weather forecasts ; sports highlights ; and commentary . CBS has carried an overnight news block since 1982 when it debuted CBS News Nightwatch , which ran from 1982 until 1992 ; it was replaced with Up to the Minute that year , which the title of the block ran under until September 18 , 2015 .   CBS Overnight News draws from the full resources of CBS News , including the CBS Evening News , CBS This Morning , Newspath , owned-and-operated stations and affiliates of the television network and APTN . It also featured rebroadcasts of selected stories from CBS News Sunday Morning , 48 Hours , 60 Minutes and Face the Nation . From 2013 to 2015 , the program was solo anchored by Anne Marie Green , who also anchored the network 's early-morning news program CBS Morning News .

neg: The Film Review The Film Review ( formerly Film 24 ) is a 10-minute film related programme shown on BBC News each Friday evening at 5.45 pm . It reviews three new films each week .   Jane Hill serves as the main host , and Mark Kermode as the regular film critic .   The programme was renamed The Film Review on 22 March 2013 , following BBC News 24 's rebrand to BBC News and move to Broadcasting House .

neg: Journalism ethics and standards Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by journalists . Historically and currently , this subset of media ethics is widely known to journalists as their professional `` code of ethics '' or the `` canons of journalism '' . The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements drafted by both professional journalism associations and individual print , broadcast , and online news organizations .   While various existing codes have some differences , most share common elements including the principles of -- truthfulness , accuracy , objectivity , impartiality , fairness and public accountability -- as these apply to the acquisition of newsworthy information and its subsequent dissemination to the public .   Like many broader ethical systems , journalism ethics include the principle of `` limitation of harm . '' This often involves the withholding of certain details from reports such as the names of minor children , crime victims ' names or information not materially related to particular news reports release of which might , for example , harm someone 's reputation .   Some journalistic codes of ethics , notably the European ones , also include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race , religion , sexual orientation , and physical or mental disabilities . The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved in 1993 Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism which recommends journalists to respect the presumption of innocence , in particular in cases that are still sub judice .

neg: Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2010 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2010 may refer to :   15th Critics ' Choice Awards , the fifteenth Critics ' Choice Awards ceremony that took place in 2010  16th Critics ' Choice Awards , the sixteenth Critics ' Choice Awards ceremony that took place in 2011 and which honored the best in film for 2010

neg: Local programming The terms local programme , local programming , local content or local television refers to a television program made by a television station or independent television producer for broadcast only within the station 's transmission area or television market . Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme genres but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to an audience within the station 's coverage area .   For example , a local sports programme will present results , interviews and coverage of games or matches , just like a network sports programme , but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster 's transmission area .   In some cases a television network programme may include a local element as well . This is particularly the case in the United Kingdom and still happens today with The Politics Show . The BBC regions will all opt-out at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment .   Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area , will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region .   Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television . Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen . In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be the local newscast .   The above can also apply to radio . A national radio network may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content .   In the late-1950s , many of the early Australian television series such as Melbourne Magazine ( 1957 ) , Sydney Tonight ( 1956-1959 ) , and TV Talent Scout ( 1957-1958 ) were broadcast in only a single city .

neg: Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . ''   The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .

neg: Harvest of Shame Harvest of Shame was a 1960 television documentary presented by broadcast journalist Edward R. Murrow on CBS that showed the plight of American migrant agricultural workers . It was Murrow 's final documentary for the network ; he left CBS at the end of January 1961 , at John F. Kennedy 's request , to become head of the United States Information Agency . An investigative report intended `` to shock Americans into action , '' it was `` the first time millions of Americans were given a close look at what it means to live in poverty '' by their televisions .   The program was an installment of the television documentary series CBS Reports , widely seen as the successor to Murrow 's highly regarded 1951 -- 1958 CBS program See It Now . Murrow 's close associate , Fred W. Friendly , who coproduced See It Now , was the executive producer of CBS Reports . Their colleague , Edward P. Morgan , had taken up the issue of migrant labor in his CBS Radio Network commentaries . Morgan 's assistant had visited Senator Harry F. Byrd 's Northern Virginia farm during the apple harvest and was outraged by the conditions of the migrant laborers working there . According to Murrow biographer Joseph Persico , Friendly decided that the issue was a natural for Murrow , long seen as a champion of the oppressed .   While Murrow and Friendly are often seen as the forces behind the show , broadcast historians such as the late Edward Bliss , Jr. have also given credit to `` Harvest of Shame '' producer/reporter David Lowe . Lowe did much of the legwork , including a number of the interviews featured on the installment .   The program originally aired just after Thanksgiving Day in November 1960 . The December 5 , 1960 edition of Time quoted producer Lowe as saying ,   We felt that by scheduling the program the day after Thanksgiving , we could stress the fact that much of the food cooked for Thanksgiving throughout the country was picked by migratory workers . We hoped that the pictures of how these people live and work would shock the consciousness of the nation .

neg: Late-night news Late-night news ( sometimes referred to as `` late local news '' ) refers to late evening television news programs that are broadcast on a nightly or weeknightly basis , often focusing on local news stories and including other feature content .

neg: CBS Evening News The CBS Evening News is the flagship evening television news program of CBS News , the news division of the CBS television network in the United States . The program has been broadcast since May 3 , 1948 under the original title CBS Television News , eventually adopting its current title in 1963 . From June 6 , 2011 to May 30 , 2017 , the weekday editions of the program were anchored by Scott Pelley . As of May 31 , 2017 , the program is anchored by Anthony Mason on an interim basis . Previous anchors have included Douglas Edwards , Walter Cronkite , Dan Rather , Connie Chung , Bob Schieffer , and Katie Couric .   Weekend editions of the CBS Evening News weekends began in February 1966 . On May 2 , 2016 , CBS announced that the weekend editions would be rebranded , effective May 7 , as the CBS Weekend News , whose Saturday and Sunday editions are anchored by Reena Ninan and Elaine Quijano respectively . The weekend editions draw from the resources of CBSN , the digital news channel where Ninan and Quijano also serve as anchors .   The CBS Evening News airs live at 6:30 pm in the Eastern and 5:30 pm in the Central Time Zones , and are tape delayed for the Mountain Time Zone . A separate `` Western Edition '' , featuring updated segments to provide coverage of breaking news stories , airs pre-recorded at 5:30 pm in the Pacific Time Zone and on tape delay in the Alaska and Hawaii -- Aleutian Time Zones .

neg: Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. .   Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. .   Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .

neg: Broadcast Initiatives Broadcast Initiatives Ltd is an Indian media firm in the Sri Adhikari Brothers group . It owns the TV channels Live India ( Hindi ) and Mi Marathi ( Marathi ) .   The business model of the firm subcontracts its marketing to other media groups .   In August 2007 , the group channel Live India was in the news for a sting operation covering a porn racket involving school girls run by a schoolteacher in Delhi .   Markand Adhikari is the Managing director of the firm .

neg: Radio Newsreel Radio Newsreel was a news programme produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation between 1940 and 1988 . The programme , which eventually had four 15-minute international editions as well as a nightly 30-minute domestic version ( The News and Radio Newsreel ) , broadcast in the BBC Light Programme , was composed of taped or recorded dispatches from correspondents in the field , live and recorded actuality and such other features , borrowed from the format of the film newsreel , as interviews with people currently in the news.For a date range such as 1940 - 1988 , it can be misleading to use `` tape '' as a synonym for `` record '' . In this case , a reader might assume that the BBC had what are now widely recognized as `` tape recorders '' in 1940 . The only such recorders commercially available at that time were made by AEG ( Germany ) and used extensively by the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft . They were not classified technology , but were essentially unknown in other countries until after Germany 's surrender in May , 1945 . Prior to the adoption of audio `` tape recording '' , broadcasters in various countries recorded on film ( optical and engraved ) , disks , and magnetic wire and steel ` band ' or ` ribbon ' . Some could have even used wax cylinder systems , such as then out of date home recording phonographs and their derivative office recording systems such as the Ediphone . See also : Philips-Miller , Magnetophon , Telegraphone , electrical transcription , E.R.P.I. , Dead Media Project , et al. .   An example of the programme 's early content is the coverage of Captain George Robinson 's `` Adventure in a lifeboat adrift in the Atlantic '' , broadcast on 19 August 1942 .   The programme was broadcast in the United Kingdom at 19.00 each evening ; transmission to North America was scheduled for 3.30 GMT , which was 10:30 P.M. Eastern Standard Time and 7:30 P.M. Pacific Standard Time .   Radio Newsreel was created by Norman Collins , who had worked as the head of the BBC General Forces Programme and the BBC Light Programme . It was first broadcast as part of the Overseas Service of the BBC , but was transferred to the Light Programme in November 1947 . In 1953 , the programme had a domestic audience of over 4 million listeners . On 3 April 1970 , it was broadcast in the UK for the last time , but it continued to be broadcast on the BBC World Service for a further 18 years .   Outside the United Kingdom , the programme was also carried weekly on the Mutual Broadcasting System in the United States during World War II and as part of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 's radio programming in the 1970s . Until 1987 , American Public Radio also carried the programme in the United States .   The programme 's introductory title music was `` Imperial Echoes '' by Arnold Safroni .

neg: Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war .   Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .

neg: Mass communication Mass communication is the study of how people exchange information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time . In other words , mass communication refers to the imparting and exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide range of people . It is usually understood to relate newspaper , magazine , and book publishing , as well as radio , television and film , even via internet as these mediums are used for disseminating information , news and advertising . Mass communication differs from the studies of other forms of communication , such as interpersonal communication or organizational communication , in that it focuses on a single source transmitting information to a large number of receivers . The study of mass communication is chiefly concerned with how the content of mass communication persuades or otherwise affects the behavior , attitude , opinion , or emotion of the person or people receiving the information .

neg: Loose Change Loose Change is a series of films released between 2005 and 2009 that argue in favor of certain conspiracy theories relating to the September 11th attacks . The films were written and directed by Dylan Avery and produced by Korey Rowe , Jason Bermas , and Matthew Brown .   The original 2005 film was edited and re-released as Loose Change : 2nd Edition ( 2006 ) , and then subsequently edited a third time for the 2nd Edition Recut ( 2007 ) . Loose Change : Final Cut , deemed `` the third and final release of this documentary series '' was released on DVD and Web-streaming format on November 11 , 2007 .   Another version of the film , Loose Change 9/11 : An American Coup , released on September 22 , 2009 , is narrated by Daniel Sunjata and distributed by Microcinema International .   Coverage of the film increased in 2006 with the recut release having airings on U.S. and European television stations and over 4 million views online in four months , leading Vanity Fair to say it could be the first internet blockbuster . Loose Change asserts that the usual account of the Pentagon attack , World Trade Center collapse and United 93 phone calls and crash is implausible and instead suggests the 9/11 attacks were a false flag operation . The film 's main claims have been debunked by journalists , independent researchers , and prominent members of the scientific and engineering community .

neg: Global Digital News Global Digital News ( GDN ) is a fake news venture group .   GDN `` released '' a `` news story '' supposedly by a local news station involving a string of homicides that took place on several islands throughout the South Pacific . In the videos , GDN speculated that the killings were related , and the story was picked up by several media news outlets . The series of reports was referred to as `` perfect getaways gone wrong , '' referencing the fact that murder victims were vacationing couples . Four reports total have been completed on the series .   As of August 4 , 2009 , the network 's YouTube channel was linked to from an ad on YouTube 's homepage for `` A Perfect Getaway '' , an upcoming movie , causing many people to suspect that the entire network is only a marketing scheme for the movie .   Although these suspicions are confirmed by performing a whois search on the `` official site '' , they are the truth . The registered owner of globaldigitalnews.org is Universal City Studios , better known as Universal Studios , a wholly owned subsidiary of NBC Universal , a distributor and production company on the upcoming film under the subsidiary Rogue Pictures .

neg: TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series .   TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .

neg: Beyond Citizen Kane Beyond Citizen Kane ( 1993 ) is a British documentary film directed by Simon Hartog , produced by John Ellis , and first broadcast on Channel 4 .   It details the dominant position of the Rede Globo media group , the largest in Brazil , and discusses the group 's influence , power , and political connections . Globo 's president and founder Roberto Marinho was criticised and compared to the fictional newspaper tycoon Charles Foster Kane , created by Orson Welles for the 1941 film Citizen Kane . According to the documentary , Marinho 's media group engages in manipulation of news to influence public opinion .   Rede Globo objected to the film 's position and tried to buy Brazilian rights , but Hartog had already made agreements to give non-TV rights to political and cultural groups in Brazil . While it is often claimed in Brazil that exhibiting the documentary in Brazil was forbidden by the justice , John Ellis claims that there are no legal restrictions in place , but the documentary ca n't be broadcast on TV in Brazil since it contains large sections of footage owned by Globo .   However , copies sold in Britain reached Brazil in the 1990s and circulated widely there . In addition , since the Internet boom of the early 21st century , the film has been released on sharing networks and had hundreds of thousands of views , as measured on YouTube and Google Video .

neg: Broadcast flag A broadcast flag is a set of status bits ( or a `` flag '' ) sent in the data stream of a digital television program that indicates whether or not the data stream can be recorded , or if there are any restrictions on recorded content . Possible restrictions include the inability to save an unencrypted digital program to a hard disk or other non-volatile storage , inability to make secondary copies of recorded content ( in order to share or archive ) , forceful reduction of quality when recording ( such as reducing high-definition video to the resolution of standard TVs ) , and inability to skip over commercials .

neg: Headline News (album) Headline News is the seventh and last studio album by British rock band Atomic Rooster .   It has been released on CD several times : firstly in 1994 on Voiceprint , secondly in 1997 on Blueprint and in 2002 on Eagle . In 2004 it was repackaged by Dutch label MCP as Future Shock . In addition , in 2005 the German Ambitions/Membran International label packaged it alongside The First Ten Explosive Years as a two-disc set entitled Rebel with a Clause .   All CD issues feature two bonus tracks not included on the original LP .   Vincent Crane 's wife , Jean , contributes lyrics to three tracks , including `` Watch Out ! / Reaching Out '' , an adaptation of the Atomic Rooster album cut .


query: Leonardo DiCaprio is a director.

pos: Leonardo DiCaprio Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio ( -LSB- dᵻˈkæpri.oʊ -RSB- born November 11 , 1974 ) is an American actor , film producer , and environmental activist . DiCaprio began his career by appearing in television commercials in the early 1990s , after which he had recurring roles in various television series such as the soap opera Santa Barbara and the sitcom Growing Pains . He began his film career by starring as Josh in Critters 3 ( 1991 ) . He starred in the film adaptation of the memoir This Boy 's Life ( 1993 ) , and was praised for his supporting role in What 's Eating Gilbert Grape ( 1993 ) . He gained public recognition with leading roles in The Basketball Diaries ( 1995 ) and the romantic drama Romeo + Juliet ( 1996 ) , before achieving international fame with James Cameron 's epic romance Titanic ( 1997 ) , which became the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron 's science fiction film Avatar ( 2009 ) overtook it .   Since 2000 , DiCaprio has received critical acclaim for his work in a wide range of film genres . DiCaprio 's subsequent films include The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1998 ) , the biographical crime drama Catch Me If You Can ( 2002 ) , and the epic historical drama Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) , which marked his first of many collaborations with director Martin Scorsese . He was acclaimed for his performances in the political war thriller Blood Diamond ( 2006 ) , the neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) , the espionage thriller Body of Lies ( 2008 ) , the drama Revolutionary Road ( 2008 ) , the psychological thriller Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , the biographical film J. Edgar ( 2011 ) , the western Django Unchained ( 2012 ) , and the period drama The Great Gatsby ( 2013 ) .   DiCaprio 's portrayals of Howard Hughes in The Aviator ( 2004 ) and Hugh Glass in The Revenant ( 2015 ) won him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and his role as Jordan Belfort in The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) won him the award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . He also won his first Academy Award and BAFTA Award for his performance in The Revenant . DiCaprio is the founder of his own production company , Appian Way Productions .

neg: Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee .   Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 .   When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Domenico Distilo Domenico Distilo ( born 25 December 1978 in Rome , Lazio , Italy ) is a filmmaker living and working between Rome , Italy and Berlin , Germany .   He graduated in film direction from the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome with the film Unexpected ( Inatteso ) , a documentary on the demand for political asylum in Italy , which was screened at the Festival dei Popoli in Florence and at the Berlinale , within the section `` Forum '' in 2006 .   In 2008 , he won the national prize Premio Solinas for the screenplay of the feature film When elephants fight ( Quando gli elefanti combattono ) , written in collaboration with Filippo Gravino and Guido Iuculano .   In 2009 , he joined the production company Sciara , where he works as director and producer .   In 2011 , he directed two documentaries for RAI 3 , the Italian cultural public channel : Urban extremes - Jerusalem ( Estremi urbani , Gerusalemme ) , on the territorial conflict in Jerusalem and Romany imaginary - Minority artists ( Immaginario Rom - Artisti Contro ) , on Romany art in Hungary .   Distilo 's works generally focus on social issues , with a special interest in various forms of contemporary art .   In his movie Deep time ( Margini di sottosuolo ) ( 2012 ) , he explored the boundaries between documentary and fiction with a story on archeology and the feelings that bound people to their past .   In the documentary Igort , the secret landscape ( 2013 ) , Distilo tells the story of the research and work of Igort , an Italian comics artist and illustrator , for its trilogy on Soviet Union and the evolution of the artist 's relationship with storytelling by image .

neg: Romeo + Juliet William Shakespeare 's Romeo + Juliet ( shortened to Romeo + Juliet ) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Baz Luhrmann , co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli and co-written by Craig Pearce , being an adaption and modernization of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet , who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her despite them being members of the Montague and Capulet family ; Brian Dennehy , John Leguizamo , Pete Postlethwaite , Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora star in supporting roles .   While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue , the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires ( with legitimate business fronts ) and swords are replaced with guns ( with brand names such as `` Dagger '' and `` Sword '' ) . Some of the characters ' names are also changed . Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names ( as opposed to the Shakespeare original where their first names are never mentioned ) , Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence , and Prince Escalus is renamed Captain Prince . There is also no Friar John , who was in the original play . Also , some characters were switched from one family to the other -- in the original , Gregory and Sampson are Capulets , but in the film , they are Montagues . ( Abram , as Abra , and Petruchio , conversely , are shifted from the Montague to the Capulet family . ) In addition , a few plot details are shifted , most notably near the ending .   The film was released on November 1 , 1996 by 20th Century Fox to commercial and generally critical success , grossing over $ 147.5 million over a $ 14.5 million budget and receiving generally positive reviews . At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 , DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize . Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture . At the 69th Academy Awards , Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration .

neg: Moving Picture Institute The Moving Picture Institute ( MPI ) is an American non-profit organization and film production company founded in 2005 by human rights advocate Thor Halvorssen . Its current executive director is Rob Pfaltzgraff .   MPI produces and collaborates on both fictional films , and non-fictional , often documentary-style films . The subjects of MPI 's films typically center on concepts like human rights and individual freedoms , and governmental waste and corruption . It uses its films as a medium through which these kinds of social and economic troubles are brought to public attention to shape public perceptions , and ultimately , to change society 's values . As Halvorssen explains , `` Put it this way : What Sideways did for Pinot noir , I want to do for freedom . '' Public exposure to freedom-oriented ideas , they contend , will contribute to the improvement of these important issues which they feel tend to be ignored by other traditional media outlets .

neg: Jonas Carpignano Jonas Carpignano is an Italian film director know the film Mediterranea .

neg: Carlo Di Palma Carlo Di Palma ( 17 April 19259 July 2004 ) was an Italian cinematographer , renowned for his work on both color and black-and-white films , whose most famous collaborations were with Michelangelo Antonioni and Woody Allen .

neg: Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .

neg: Mario Gallo Mario Gallo ( July 31 , 1878 - 1945 ) was an Italian born Argentine film director of the 1900s and 1910s and one of the earliest directors in the Cinema of Argentina . He directed what is nowadays considered the first fiction feature movie , El Fusilamiento de Dorrego , now lost .   Born in Barletta , Apulia , southern Italy , Gallo arrived in Argentina in 1905 and began directing in 1909 El Fusilamiento de Dorrego , which he presented a year later . Argentine cinema had so far consisted of shorts depicting parts of Buenos Aires and even a documental by Eugène Py , in 1900 , but Gallo 's film was the first to be a feature work of fiction . In later years , Gallo claimed to have filmed other films first , all equally lost and of which remained no evidence . Gallo 's films consisted of short glimpses of reenacted Argentine history - historical events , myths and battles .   He died at Buenos Aires in 1945 .

neg: David di Donatello for Best New Director The David di Donatello is a major Italian film award given by the Italian Film Academy .

neg: Un monde nouveau Un monde nouveau is a 1966 French-Italian drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica . Most notably it featured Sean Connery as himself . Harry Saltzman produced the film .

neg: Lasciami entrare (album) Lasciami entrare is the fifth album of the Italian singer Valerio Scanu , which was published on January 28 , 2014 by NatyLoveYou .   The album was preceded by the single Sui nostri passi released on January 7 , 2014 . A week later even the videoclip was released .   The album contains 11 tracks , two of which are in English Sometimes Love and Alone and the rest in Italian . A 12th song Parole di cristallo in acoustic version is available only with the digital album download .   After contract termination with recording label Emi Music Italy and the creation of his own label NatyLoveYou , he is now more in control of his artistic life and free to express deepest feelings also by undertaking a new path , that of songwriter .   In this album we see Valerio Scanu in the roles of singer , lyrics writer and also producer . Scanu also composed the music of the song Parole di cristallo . The lyrics of 8 songs in this album have been written by Scanu . Sometimes Love has been written by singer / composer Kykah while Un giorno in più has been written together with singer / composer Silvia Olari .   As can be seen from the track list , there are several authors and co-authors in this new album other than the same Valerio Scanu . There is Luca Mattioni ( among other brilliant arranger and producer of the album ) producer who had previously worked with Scanu ; Mario Cianchi another old acquaintance of Scanu and author of many successes of the past years ; David Rossi ( son of Vasco Rossi ) , Silvia Olari ( friend and colleague from the era of `` Amici 8 '' ) ; Andrea Amati , Federico Paciotti , Mirko Tommasi , Daniel Choir and Federica Camba ( who in this record signed with her real name , that is , Fratoni ) , Luca Bussoletti , and William Knight .   The arrangements and artistic production was assigned to Luca Mattioni , who , together with two mastering engineers , Matt Howe who mixed the album in London and Chris Gehringer who mastered the album in New York , gave an international sound to this project .   The album is produced and presented by NatyLoveYou an Independent recording label founded by Valerio Scanu himself , and distributed by Self Distribuzioni and Digital Believe Italy ( for the digital version ) .   Scanu presented to his fans a brief explanation of every song . In particular , the title of the album ` Lasciami Entrare ' , when translated means `` Let me in '' , represents the dream of the artist to enter into the heart of people , even into the heart of those who do not know him .   Music critic Roberto Graziani made a meticulous technical analysis of every song in this album while emphasizing on the musical and vocal evolution achieved by Scanu .

neg: Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field .   The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer .   The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives .   Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times .   The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .

neg: Directors Guild of Nigeria The Directors Guild of Nigeria ( DGN ) is an entertainment guild which serves as the umbrella for film and television directors in the Nigerian motion picture industry . It is currently headed by Fred Amata who serves as the President .

neg: American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .

neg: Bac films BAC Films is a French Film production and distribution company based in Paris and founded by Jean Labadie , Éric Heumann and Stéphane Sorlat in 1986 .   In 1988 , Vivendi took first a 10 % , then a 20 % stake in the capital of the company and allowed Bac Films to make major and ambitious acquisitions . The success story started in 1990 with Sailor et Lula , Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival . The releases of Barton Fink and Tous les matins du monde in 1991 , Indochine and Le Zèbre in 1992 , La Leçon de piano in 1993 placed BAC Film at the top of independent film distribution in France .   In 1994 , Bac Films started diversifying its activity with the creation of Les Écrans de Paris , in association with Simon Simsi . In 1997 , the movie theater business is created under the name of Majestic and the group undergoes a reorganization around the Alicar holding : Bac Films ( distribution ) , Majestic ( movie theaters ) and Séance Privée ( special events ) . In 1998 , BAC Films sets up Mars Films allowing BAC Films to distribute its numerous acquisitions .   In 2000 , the group is introduced on the stock market under the name BAC Majestic . Two years later BAC Majestic goes through a major financial crisis and is forced to give up its movie theater business . In 2003 , Millimages takes a majority stake in the company . Jean Labadie , founder of the company is ousted in 2007 and Roch Lener becomes the Chief Executive Officer .   In October 2013 , the company is sold again and David Grumbach becomes the new Chairman .   The catalogue consists of a vast range of French and foreign titles . Since its creation , BAC Films distributed more than of which 8 received the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Directors Guild of Great Britain The Directors Guild of Great Britain ( DGGB ) is a professional organization which represents directors across all media , including film , television , theatre , radio , opera , commercials , music videos , corporate film/video and training , documentaries , multimedia and `` new technology '' . It has evolved to become an independent trade union and a non-profit limited company , asset-linked to the Directors Guild Trust , the charity arm of the Guild .

neg: Leonardo the Musical: A Portrait of Love Leonardo the Musical : A Portrait of Love is a musical with a book by Greg Moeller and Russell Dunlop and music by Greg Moeller and lyrics by Tommy Moeller . The 1993 West End production is considered one of the biggest disasters in the history of London theatre but had rave reviews in Oxford . The management changed the original music and scripts after Oxford shows .   The project , a highly fictionalized account of Leonardo da Vinci 's creation of the Mona Lisa , was the brainchild of Duke Minks , an advisor to the Republic of Nauru and former road manager for the 1960s pop group , Unit 4 + 2 . He convinced government officials to invest # 2 million -- derived from profits earned from their major export , marine deposits rich in phosphates -- in the production , a fact later gleefully exploited by the critics in their scathing reviews .   The rambling plot -- which started and ended with its protagonist on his deathbed , his completed masterpiece at his side -- centered on the struggling artist da Vinci 's commission to paint a young woman named Lisa , betrothed to nobleman Francesco Del Giocondo . The artist and his model engage in a passionate affair resulting in her pregnancy , and she returns to her fiancé , pretending the child is his to avoid public scandal and his private wrath . Eventually she returns to beg for forgiveness from the now successful da Vinci , who accidentally is murdered by her husband when he confronts the two in a jealous rage . A subplot hinting at da Vinci 's homosexuality involved his close friendship with his young assistant , a painter named Melzi .   The production , plagued by problems with sets , costumes , and -- most significantly -- the script throughout its development , opened at the Strand Theatre on June 3 , 1993 . By the time the performance ended , nearly four hours after the curtain first rose , most of the audience had departed . A victim of critical disdain and audience indifference , the show closed five weeks later on July 10 . The cast included Paul Collis , Jane Arden , James Barron , and Hal Fowler .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .


query: Bowie's music draws from industrial and jungle styles.

pos: David Bowie David Robert Jones ( 8 January 1947 -- 10 January 2016 ) , known professionally as David Bowie ( -LSB- ˈboʊi -RSB- ) , was an English singer , songwriter and actor . He was a figure in popular music for over five decades , becoming acclaimed by critics and other musicians for his innovative work . His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation , his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music . During his lifetime , his record sales , estimated at 140 million worldwide , made him one of the world 's best-selling music artists . In the UK , he was awarded nine platinum album certifications , eleven gold and eight silver , releasing eleven number-one albums . In the US , he received five platinum and seven gold certifications . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 .   Born in Brixton , South London , Bowie developed an interest in music as a child , eventually studying art , music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963 . `` Space Oddity '' became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969 . After a period of experimentation , he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust . The character was spearheaded by the success of his single `` Starman '' and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars , which won him widespread popularity . In 1975 , Bowie 's style shifted radically towards a sound he characterised as `` plastic soul '' , initially alienating many of his UK devotees but garnering him his first major US crossover success with the number-one single `` Fame '' and the album Young Americans . In 1976 , Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station . The following year , he further confounded musical expectations with the electronic-inflected album Low ( 1977 ) , the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno that would come to be known as the `` Berlin Trilogy '' . `` Heroes '' ( 1977 ) and Lodger ( 1979 ) followed ; each album reached the UK top five and received lasting critical praise .   After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s , Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single `` Ashes to Ashes '' , its parent album Scary Monsters and Super Creeps , and `` Under Pressure '' , a 1981 collaboration with Queen . He then reached his commercial peak in 1983 with Let 's Dance , with its title track topping both UK and US charts . Throughout the 1990s and 2000s , Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles , including industrial and jungle . He also continued acting ; his roles included Major Celliers in Merry Christmas , Mr. Lawrence ( 1983 ) , the Goblin King Jareth in Labyrinth ( 1986 ) , Pontius Pilate in The Last Temptation of Christ ( 1988 ) , and Nikola Tesla in The Prestige ( 2006 ) , among other film and television appearances and cameos . He stopped concert touring after 2004 , and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006 . In 2013 , Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day . He remained musically active until he died of liver cancer two days after the release of his final album , Blackstar ( 2016 ) .

neg: My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult discography The American electronic industrial rock band My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult has released ten studio albums , one live album , three compilation albums , two video albums , six remix albums , three extended plays , and ten singles . In addition , their songs have been featured on three soundtrack albums and one promotional single for major Hollywood films .   They began their career on the independent record label Wax Trax ! Records , which , like the band , was based in Chicago . In 1991 , their single `` Sexplosion ! '' from the album of the same name became a top 10 dance club hit in the U.S. Following this success , Thrill Kill Kult was signed by the major label Interscope Records , which re-released the Sexplosion ! album . On Interscope , the band achieved their biggest hit , `` Sex On Wheelz '' , which reached the top 20 on both the dance club and alternative U.S. charts .   The band 's 1993 Interscope album 13 Above the Night was their only album to chart , reaching # 194 on the Billboard top 200 albums chart . The album provided two more dance chart hits , `` Blue Buddha '' and `` Final Blindness '' . After one more Interscope album , Thrill Kill Kult briefly moved to Red Ant Records in the late 1990s . Their releases since 2000 have been on Rykodisc and/or the band 's own label , Sleazebox Records .   Thrill Kill Kult 's songs have also been featured ( along with other artists ) on three soundtrack albums for the films Cool World ( 1992 ) , The Crow ( 1994 ) , and Showgirls ( 1995 ) , as well as a promo-only single for the film The Flintstones ( 1994 ) .

neg: Leftism (album) Leftism is the first studio album by electronica musicians Paul Daley and Neil Barnes under the name Leftfield . The album was released in 1995 on Columbia Records . It contained a mixture of new tracks along with reworked versions of previous Leftfield singles . The album contains guest spots from musicians not associated with dance music at the time such as John Lydon from Public Image Ltd. ( and formerly of Sex Pistols ) and Toni Halliday from Curve . The album was described as progressive house , although some journalists found that label too limiting , suggesting the album incorporated many genres . After completing the album , the duo in Leftfield initially were not happy with it .   On its release , the album was well received from the British press with positive reviews from the NME and Q . The album was nominated for the Mercury Prize in 1995 but lost to Portishead . Leftism sold well and was released months later in the United States . Critics have praised the album as one of the major album-length works of dance music , with Q referring to it as `` the first truly complete album experience to be created by house musicians and the first quintessentially British one '' .

neg: Tony Visconti Anthony Edward `` Tony '' Visconti ( born April 24 , 1944 ) is an American record producer , musician and singer . Since the late 1960s , he has worked with an array of performers . His lengthiest involvement with any artist is with David Bowie : intermittently from Bowie 's second album in 1969 to the 2016 release Blackstar , Visconti produced and occasionally performed on many of Bowie 's albums .

neg: Mindspawn Mindspawn is a soundscape , dark ambient , post industrial act formed and fronted by Gene Williams .   Williams was raised on a farm in the remote area of the Ozark Mountains in Missouri . In his late teens , Williams left his homeland and lived in a variety of places both in the United States and abroad , doing a variety of things , including graphic art , construction work , bull-riding , archaeology , spelunking , and more . Around 1980 Williams began to experiment in music , playing in a few small bands , but eventually becoming enthralled with multitrack tape and field recordings . Over the next decade he gathered sounds from various caves , wells , cisterns , archaeological sites , and more , as well as continuing to hone his musical abilities with several instruments . During the bulk of this era he was largely a solitary experimentalist and he had no public releases .   In the early 1990s , Williams relocated to the Boston area . At that time , he first began to perform under the guise of Mindspawn . Eventually , Williams started his own record label , Dark Seeds , and began releasing his material and that of other similar minded artists . The first Mindspawn release was the album Conversing With Zardoz , in 1999 . Darkness Weaves was released a year later in 2000 and Null Infinite was released in 2001 . Mindspawn `` singles '' also appear on several compilations . From 2001 to 2004 , Mindspawn 's sounds found their way onto documentaries like `` America 's Most Haunted Town , '' various video games , and a wide variety of other artist releases . In 2005 , Mindspawn and Coph Nia collaborated on the post industrial dark ambient album , Erotomechaniks , which enjoyed critical success and was widely well received . Between 2000 and 2008 , Williams continued to perform and compose as Mindspawn , while operating a recording/sound design studio in Boston , MA . During this period , Williams engineered and produced a variety of artists and projects ranging from EDM to video games and film . In 2006-2007 Williams and Steve Smith ( house music vocalist ) of Dirty Vegas composed and produced the theme for the `` Standoff ( TV series ) '' and scored the cult film `` The Boys & Girls Guide to Getting Down '' by Paul Sapiano . The `` Standoff '' theme song was nominated for an Emmy for Best Theme Song in 2007 . Between 2008-2011 the Mindspawn project was on hiatus while Williams explored other interests and recovered from health issues . In late 2011 , Williams once again began performing live and releasing sounds and music under the Mindspawn name . In September 2014 , the Mindspawn album Parasite Theory was released . 2016 saw Mindspawn reunite with Coph Nia on the collaboration album , Erotomechaniks II . Mindspawn/Gene Williams continues to produce , compose , and perform live .   The Mindspawn name was chosen as an ambiguous play on words , the two `` meanings '' being Mind 's Pawn and Mind Spawn . Beyond the obvious no further meaning has ever been intended . The sound composed/created by Mindspawn varies from soundscapes and industrial ambience to dark ambient , including claustrophobic film music and sound categorized as space music . Mindspawn sound has been aptly referred to as sound sculptures or sonic tapestries .

neg: Les Tambours du Bronx Les Tambours du Bronx ( `` the Drums of the Bronx '' ) is a French industrial percussion band created in 1987 .   Les Tambours du Bronx has 17 musicians on stage surrounded by synthetic sounds , samples , and singing , all in time with the powerful rhythm . It built its reputation reviving drums from rough energetic music ; a mixture of industrial music , afrobeat , drum 'n' bass , hip-hop , rock , metal , hardcore and techno .

neg: Pallas Athena (song) `` Pallas Athena '' is a song written by David Bowie in 1993 for the album Black Tie White Noise .   The name is taken from the Greek goddess , Athena , who is famously depicted in Athenian statues under the form of Pallas Athena . Hence , the name of the song is a suggestion of religion and icons and sets the mood for a dark piece concerning the power that religion has over man .   The lyrics are rather sparse , but the phrase beginning the piece , `` God is on top of it , that 's all , '' delivered as though from an African-American preacher , is ominous and intimidating , accompanied with the sound of strings delivering a sorrowful melody . The piece develops into a techno dance piece , using string sounds to hold the ominous mood while overlaid atop bass and drums . David Bowie 's saxophone playing is amplified into a scream-like sound , which solos , along with Lester Bowie on trumpet . A lyric , `` We are , we are , we are , we are praying , '' is repeated through the close of the song in a somber , monk-like fashion . Ultimately , the song restates Bowie 's interest in how man relates with God .   Bowie used to play a drum 'n' bass version of the song during his 1997 Earthling tour , and a live version recorded at Paradiso , Holland 10 June 1997 was released as a single under the name Tao Jones Index , a very limited edition only available on 12 '' vinyl . Bowie played as Tao Jones Index during his performance in a dance tent at Phoenix Festival in 1997 . It is a pun based on his birth name , David Jones , and his then recent bond offering to the Dow Jones Index . Tao , a Chinese character pronounced `` dao , '' not only stands for the Chinese equivalent to Bowie 's first initial , `` D '' , but also has heavy religious implications through its correlation to Taoism , therefore contributing to the religious overtones of `` Pallas Athena . '' The Chinese character 道 means `` the way '' ( the path , the route ) .   It was announced in March 2010 that a digital download EP would be made available in June 2010 .

neg: Icarus (band) Icarus are a band from London , England , who specialise in a kind of electronic drum and bass with elements of experimental jazz and rich instrumentation . Formed in 1997 by cousins Ollie Bown and Sam Britton , the band 's music has been described by Kieran Hebden as `` really beautiful and also quite kind of evil '' . Hebden included an Icarus track , `` Benevolent Incubator '' , on his Late Night Tales compilation , and Icarus also provided a remix of the Four Tet track `` My Angel Rocks Back and Forth '' . Icarus have also remixed Murcof , Lunz , The Creatures , Spartak and Eclectic Method Featuring Chuck D.   Icarus founded the independent label Not Applicable in 2002 , which became a collective project with other improvising musicians . In 2008 , Ollie Bown moved to Australia , and the band has been less active since then . Bown and Britton work in several other musical projects , but continue to produce music together as Icarus .   In 2012 Icarus released an experimental `` album in 1,000 variations '' called Fake Fish Distribution , which used parametric software techniques to allow the band to make 1,000 distinct versions of the record , with elements varying such as the rhythmic patterns of drums , effects parameters or the order of progression through the tracks . It was supported by STEIM in The Netherlands and Ableton , makers of Ableton Live , and used the Max for Live technology to create the software .   Also in 2012 , they were commissioned by Aphex Twin to build a piece of software for his Remote Orchestra project , in which he controlled a 32 piece orchestra in realtime by sending frequencies to each of the players on headphones . The work was used in a one-off performance at London 's Barbican Hall .

neg: Industrial hip hop Industrial hip hop is a fusion genre of industrial music with the rhythms or vocals of hip hop .

neg: Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) .   In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . ''   The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries .   Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show .   In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .

neg: Black Metal (Venom album) Black Metal is the second album by English heavy metal band Venom . It was released in November 1982 , during the great flourishing of metal music in the UK that was the new wave of British heavy metal , and is considered a major influence on the thrash metal , death metal and black metal scenes that emerged in the 1980s and early 1990s .   Although lending its name to the latter subgenre of heavy metal , today it is still debated if the album 's music is thrash metal or black metal . AllMusic has described it as `` extreme metal '' , while Moynihan & Søderlind in their book affirm that the album `` carved in stone some of -LSB- black metal 's -RSB- essential features '' . Nevertheless , its lyrics and imagery were a major influence on the early Norwegian black metal scene .   The cover art was made by the band 's bassist and singer Conrad `` Cronos '' Lant .

neg: 4-beat 4-beat ( also known as hardcore or happy hardcore ) is a breakbeat style of music that emerged around 1993 . It evolved from breakbeat hardcore emanating from the United Kingdom rave scene . Due to the sheer scale of the United Kingdom rave scene , the popularity of this particular music was largely limited to England where it was almost exclusively produced and played .   Breakbeat hardcore was originally referred to as hardcore by ravers in England . As such , this evolved style was also alternatively known as hardcore or happy hardcore -- the latter meaning a happier variant of this breakbeat styled hardcore , thus happy hardcore ( i.e. happy breakbeat ) . Darkcore was the short lived counter-movement to happy that occurred at the same time .   The name happy hardcore should not be confused with other things that are also referred to as happy hardcore , as that term is much shared across the world to describe different sounding things that have their own development .   Also in this article , 4-beat is not a musical term commonly used to describe a drum beat time signature found in most types of modern music , but is rather a specific name used to describe a breakbeat music style .

neg: Jungle (band) Jungle are an English modern soul musical collective based in London .

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures .   There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' .   Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .

neg: Bombers (Gary Numan song) `` Bombers '' is the second single by Tubeway Army , released in 1978 . The song is in a somewhat more conventional rock style than their punk-oriented debut , `` That 's Too Bad '' , and features sound effects simulating air raid sirens , dive bombers , and machine gun fire . Like its predecessor , the single earned indifferent reviews and failed to chart . It is one of the few recordings in his career which Numan did not produce himself .   Though their musical styles differ , the song 's subject matter is generally seen as a thinly disguised rewrite of David Bowie 's `` Five Years '' , the opening track of The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ( 1972 ) . Both songs feature detached observations of urban panic caused by impending catastrophe . `` Bombers '' ( which has nothing to do with another Bowie track of the same name ) is sung from the perspective of both a witness on the ground ( `` Look up , I hear the scream of sirens on the wall '' ) and the bomber pilot ( `` And me I know just where you are , you see I 'm a bomber man '' ) .   The B-sides were `` Blue Eyes '' , which harked back to the fast-paced punk style of `` That 's Too Bad '' , and `` O.D. Receiver '' , a slower piece whose lyrics reflected a Burroughsian world of drug addiction . All tracks on the original vinyl single were credited to ` Valerian ' , the name that Numan ( born Gary Webb ) had chosen for himself prior to Tubeway Army 's début album ; these would be his last releases using that nom de plume ; henceforward he would call himself Gary Numan .   `` Bombers '' was also later released as a gatefold with the single `` That 's Too Bad ''

neg: The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ( often shortened to Ziggy Stardust ) is the fifth studio album by English musician David Bowie , released on 16 June 1972 . It is a concept album telling the story of a fictional rock star named Ziggy Stardust . It peaked at No. 5 in the United Kingdom on the UK Albums Chart and No. 75 in the United States on the Billboard 200 , then improved to a No. 21 position in the wake of Bowie 's death .   The album tells the story of Bowie 's alter ego Ziggy Stardust , a rock star who acts as a messenger for extraterrestrial beings . Bowie created Ziggy Stardust while in New York City promoting Hunky Dory and performed as him on a tour of the United Kingdom , Japan and North America . The album , and the character of Ziggy Stardust , was known for its glam rock influences and themes of sexual exploration and social commentary . These factors , coupled with the ambiguity surrounding Bowie 's sexuality and fuelled by a ground-breaking performance of `` Starman '' on Top of the Pops , led to the album being met with controversy and since hailed as a seminal work .   The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars has received critical acclaim and has been consistently considered one of the greatest albums of all time , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it the 35th greatest ever . It was ranked the 20th greatest album ever in a 1997 British survey , the 41st greatest of all time by Q magazine and one of the 100 greatest releases ever by Time magazine . In 2017 , the album was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or artistically significant '' by the Library of Congress .   A concert film of the same name , directed by D. A. Pennebaker , was recorded in 1973 and released a decade later in 1983 .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness .   In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained :   `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' .   When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers .  There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere .   Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues .   What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . ''   Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad .   The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana .   The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance .   The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .

neg: Criminal World `` Criminal World '' is a song written by Duncan Browne , Peter Godwin and Sean Lyons of the band Metro . They released it on their debut album in 1977 .   David Bowie recorded it in 1982 for the album Let 's Dance . Stevie Ray Vaughan played lead guitar on it . This version was also released as the B-side of the single `` Without You '' in November 1983 . When first released it was banned from the Radio One playlist for its ` suggestive ' lyrical content . It is rumoured that the US military played it through a large PA system as a form of aural encouragement whilst trying to dislodge General Manuel Noriega from his office during their invasion of Panama in 1989 .   There is also a cover on The Tenth Stage 's self-titled 2006 album .

neg: Berlin Trilogy The Berlin Trilogy consists of three consecutively released studio albums by English singer and songwriter David Bowie : Low ( 1977 ) , `` Heroes '' ( 1977 ) and Lodger ( 1979 ) . The albums were recorded after Bowie took up residence in West Berlin in late 1976 , and saw him experiment with elements of electronic , krautrock , ambient , and world music in collaboration with American producer Tony Visconti and English musician Brian Eno .   Bowie began referring to the three albums as a Berlin-centered trilogy during the promotion of Lodger , although `` Heroes '' was the only installment primarily recorded in the city . Each album reached the UK top five . Bowie would later call the music of the trilogy his `` DNA '' . Consequence of Sound characterized the trilogy as an `` art rock trifecta '' , while Rolling Stone wrote that '' ' -LSB- the -RSB- ` Berlin Trilogy ' stands as some of the most innovative music in the artist 's influential canon '' . According to Robert Christgau , `` the true beginnings of illbient and chillout techno '' lay in the `` second side '' of each album .

neg: Zimbabwean jazz Zimbabwean Jazz , also known as Afro Jazz was developed in the 20th century . Its history can be traced from its early colonial era .   It was influenced by a style of township rhythm that evolved in a southern part of Africa over the last century . One can also trace similarities from Kwela , a pennywhistle-based , street music from the southern part of Africa with jazzy underpinnings and a distinctive , skiffle-like beat . Kwela music was influenced by blending the music of Malawian immigrants to South Africa , together with the local South African sounds . In Chichewa , the word Kwela has a very similar meaning to the South African meaning : `` to climb '' . The music was popularised in South Africa and then brought to Malawi , where contemporary Malawian artists have also begun producing Kwela music .   It is also closely related to Marabi which was the name given to a keyboard style ( often using cheap pedal organs ) that had a musical link to American jazz , ragtime and blues , with roots deep in the African tradition .  Early Marabi musicians were part of an underground musical culture and were typically not recorded . An example of such an artist in the early 1940s is August Musarurwa of the Skokiaan fame . It has continued to develop and you can even see traits of this music in his grandson Prince Kudakwashe Musarurwa .   This music was often played in townships ( segregated parts of suburban areas ) . During colonial years of Rhodesia , the term township referred to a residential area reserved for black citizens within the boundaries of a city or town , and is still commonly used colloquially . But In modern Zimbabwe it is also used to refer to a residential area within close proximity of a rural growth point . These townships you would find `` Shebeens '' . Shebeens are most often located in townships as an alternative to pubs and bars . In the colonial error indigenous Africans were barred from entering pubs or bars reserved for those of European descent .   Originally shebeens were operated illegally by women who were called Shebeen Queens and was itself a revival of the African tradition that assigned the role of alcohol brewing to women . The Shebeen Queens would sell home brewed and home-distilled alcohol and provided patrons with a place to meet and discuss political and social issues . Often , patrons and owners were arrested by the police , though the shebeens were frequently reopened because of their importance in unifying the community and providing a safe place for discussion . During the colonial error era shebeens became a crucial meeting place for activists , some attracting working class activists and community members , while others attracted lawyers , doctors and musicians .   Shebeens also provided music and dancing , allowing patrons to express themselves culturally , which helped give rise to and support for the musical genre called Township Jazz which we now call Afro Jazz or Zimbabwean Jazz .