query: The Fujitsu iPAD is not a handheld device.

pos: Fujitsu iPAD The Fujitsu iPAD is a lightweight handheld device that was introduced by Fujitsu , in 2002 . It runs Microsoft 's CE.NET operating system . It supports 802.11 b wireless LAN to connect wirelessly with other company infrastructure . The device can support inventory management as well as credit card payments . In January 2010 , when Apple announced the Apple iPad , there was a naming controversy between the two devices . To settle the trademark infringement allegation , Apple purchased the trademark rights from Fujitsu . Some trademark analysts estimate that Apple paid Fujitsu over US$ 4 million in exchange for the March 17 , 2010 assignment of Fujitsu 's iPad trademark rights to Apple .

neg: Design paradigm The concept of design paradigms derives from the rather ambiguous idea of paradigm originating in the sociology of science , which carries at least two main meanings :   As models , archetypes , or quintessential examples of solutions to problems . A ` paradigmatic design ' in this sense , refers to a design solution that is considered by a community as being successful and influential . Usually success is associated to market share or some other measure of popularity , but this need not be the case . For instance , the eMate and other Apple Newton devices can be considered as paradigmatic because of their influence in subsequent designs , despite their commercial failure .  As sociological paradigms , a design paradigm is the constellation of beliefs , rules , knowledge , etc. that is valid for a particular design community . Here a paradigm is not a particular solution , but rather the underlying system of ideas that causes a range of solutions to be ` normal ' or ` obvious ' . A current example is the laptop : as of 2010 the design paradigm of laptops includes a portable computer unit consisting of a QWERTY keyboard , a hinged screen , etc. . Moreover , such device is assumed to be helpful in task such as education as in the One Laptop per Child project .   While the first meaning of `` design paradigm '' refers to exemplary design solutions that create `` design trends '' , the second meaning refers to what a group of people expects from a type of design solutions .   The term `` design paradigm '' is used within the design professions , including architecture , industrial design and engineering design , to indicate an archetypal solution . Thus a Swiss Army Knife is a design paradigm illustrating the concept of a single object that changes configuration to address a number of problems .   Design paradigms have been introduced in a number of books including Design Paradigms : A Sourcebook for Creative Visualization by Warren Wake , and discussed in Design Paradigms : Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering but never defined by Henry Petroski . This concept is close to design pattern coined by Christopher Alexander in A Pattern Language .   Design paradigms can be used either to describe a design solution , or as an approach to design problem solving . Problem solving occurs through a process of abstraction and characterization of design solutions , with subsequent categorization into problem solving types . The approach is akin to the use of metaphor in language ; metaphors are used to help explain concepts that are new or unfamiliar , and to bridge between a problem we understand and a problem we do n't . Design paradigms then can be seen as higher order metaphors ; as the often three-dimensional distillation of a working relationship between parts , between groups of things , between the known and the unknown . In this sense , a bridge is a paradigm of the connection between the known and the unknown , and the functional equivalent of a physical bridge is consequently used in many fields from computer hardware to musical composition .   The design paradigms concept has proven so powerful in traditional fields of design , that it has inspired a branch of computer science , where computational analogies to design paradigms are commonly called software design patterns . Importantly however , in design professions the term `` design pattern '' usually describes a 2-dimensional structure , whereas the term `` design paradigm '' ( or model ) usually implies a higher order , having 3 or more dimensions .

neg: Technical translation Technical translation is a type of specialized translation involving the translation of documents produced by technical writers ( owner 's manuals , user guides , etc. ) , or more specifically , texts which relate to technological subject areas or texts which deal with the practical application of scientific and technological information . While the presence of specialized terminology is a feature of technical texts , specialized terminology alone is not sufficient for classifying a text as `` technical '' since numerous disciplines and subjects which are not `` technical '' possess what can be regarded as specialized terminology . Technical translation covers the translation of many kinds of specialized texts and requires a high level of subject knowledge and mastery of the relevant terminology and writing conventions .   The importance of consistent terminology in technical translation , for example in patents , as well as the highly formulaic and repetitive nature of technical writing makes computer-assisted translation using translation memories and terminology databases especially appropriate . In his book Technical Translation Jody Byrne argues that technical translation is closely related to technical communication and that it can benefit from research in this and other areas such as usability and cognitive psychology .   In addition to making texts with technical jargon accessible for a wider ranging audience , technical translation also involves linguistic features of translating technological texts from one language to another .   Translation as a whole is a balance of art and science influenced by both theory and practice . Having knowledge of both the linguistic features as well as the aesthetic features of translation applies directly to the field of technical translation .

neg: Light pen A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with a computer 's CRT display .   It allows the user to point to displayed objects or draw on the screen in a similar way to a touchscreen but with greater positional accuracy . A light pen can work with any CRT-based display and other display technologies , but its ability to be used with LCDs was unclear ( though Toshiba and Hitachi displayed a similar idea at the `` Display 2006 '' show in Japan ) .   A light pen detects a change of brightness of nearby screen pixels when scanned by cathode ray tube electron beam and communicates the timing of this event to the computer . Since a CRT scans the entire screen one pixel at a time , the computer can keep track of the expected time of scanning various locations on screen by the beam and infer the pen 's position from the latest timestamp .

neg: Samsung Galaxy Tab E 9.6 The Samsung Galaxy Tab E 9.6 is a 9.6-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics . It belongs to the new entry-level `` E '' line of the cross between the Samsung Galaxy Tab and Samsung Galaxy E series . It was announced on June 16 , 2015 and subsequently released on 1 July 2015 . It is available in Wi-Fi only and Wi-Fi/4G variants .

neg: Game controller A game controller is a device used with games or entertainment systems to provide input to a video game , typically to control an object or character in the game . A controller is usually connected to a game console or computer by means of a wire or cord , although , since the mid-2000s , wireless controllers have become widespread . Input devices that have been classified as game controllers include keyboards , mouses , gamepads , joysticks , etc. . Special purpose devices , such as steering wheels for driving games and light guns for shooting games , are also game controllers .   Game controllers have been designed and improved over the years to be as user friendly as possible . The Microsoft Xbox controller , with its shoulder triggers that mimic actual triggers such as those found on guns , has become popular for shooting games . Some controllers are designed to be deliberately best for one type of game , such as steering wheels for driving games , or dance pads for dancing games .   One of the first video game controllers was a simple dial and single button , used to control the game Tennis for Two . Controllers have since evolved to include directional pads , multiple buttons , analog sticks , joysticks , motion detection , touch screens and a plethora of other features .

neg: Macroelectronics For over half of century , the technology of microelectronics has been advancing by miniaturization , leading to significant increases in computing power and continuous decreases in manufacturing cost . In parallel , remarkable progress on enlarging system scale in recent years gives rise to a nascent field known as macroelectronics , in which microelectronic devices are distributed yet integrated over large area substrates with sizes much bigger than semiconductor wafers .   Currently , the macroelectronics industry is dramatically growing in the similar way as the microelectronics was in early '90s . The most visible example of macroelectronics at present is flat-panel displays , which have been rapidly replacing cathode-ray tubes as the monitors of choice for computers and televisions since 2000 . The flat-panel displays have enabled applications unimaginable for cathode-ray tubes . For example , the Dolphins Stadium in Miami will soon have the world 's largest high definition video display , about 15 m high and 42 m wide , comprising more than 4.6 million light-emitting diodes , showing image of more than 1.5 million pixels .   While the commercial success of flat-panel display opens an era of large area electronics , other emerging applications , such as rollable display , printable thin film solar cell and electronic skin , demonstrate further desirable attributes for macroelectronic systems , including flexibility , portability and low-cost . To realize these attributes , a growing trend is to fabricate macroelectronic products directly on flexible substrates , such as polymers . The flat-panel displays currently available in market are fabricated on glass substrates and are fragile . A case in recent news is the cracking of the screens of the iPod nano , a music player that Apple Computer expects to be its best-selling portable device . By contrast , displays made on thin polymer substrates are rugged . Flexible displays of large areas will be lightweight and can be rolled up -- they will be portable . For example , in Sept. 2005 , Philips Polymer Vision has revealed the world 's first prototype of a rollable electronic reader , which can unfold to a 5-inch display and roll back into a pocket-size ( 100 × 60 × 20 mm ) device . Furthermore , such thin-film devices on flexible polymer substrates can lend themselves to low-cost fabrication process ( i.e. , roll-to-roll printing ) , resulting in lightweight , rugged and flexible macroelectronic products .

neg: Apple Mighty Mouse The Apple Mouse ( formerly Apple Mighty Mouse ) is a multi-control USB mouse manufactured by Mitsumi Electric and sold by Apple Inc. . It was announced and sold for the first time on August 2 , 2005 , and a Bluetooth version was available from 2006 to 2009 . Before the Mighty Mouse , Apple had sold only one-button mice with its computers , beginning with the Apple Lisa 22 years earlier . The Mighty Mouse supported two buttons , and a minuture trackball for scrolling .   On October 20 , 2009 , the wireless Mighty Mouse was discontinued and replaced by the multi-touch Magic Mouse . The wired version of the device remains available , but was renamed the `` Apple Mouse '' as of the same date , due to trademark issues with another manufacturer of a device named `` Mighty Mouse '' .

neg: PowerBook 1400 The PowerBook 1400 was a notebook computer designed and sold by Apple Computer ( now Apple Inc. ) from 1996 to 1998 as part of their PowerBook series of Macintosh computers . Introduced in November 1996 at a starting price of $ 2499 , it was the first new PowerBook after the controversial PowerBook 5300 . After the introduction of the more powerful PowerBook 3400 in February 1997 , the 1400 took on the role of Apple 's entry level notebook and remained there until its discontinuation in May 1998 . Its successor , the PowerBook G3 Series ( i.e. - `` Wallstreet '' / `` Mainstreet '' ) would ultimately go on to replace and consolidate not only the 1400 , but the 2400 and 3400 as well .   Throughout its 18 months on the market , the PowerBook 1400 was available in a number of different configurations . It was originally released with a 117 MHz PowerPC 603e processor ; a 133 MHz processor was added in July 1997 , and the line topped out with a 166 MHz processor the following December . Each version was available as either a `` c '' or a `` cs '' model , differentiated largely by type of LCD technology used . While both models came with 11.3 '' color displays with 800 x 600 resolution , the pricier 1400c came equipped with an active matrix display and the 1400cs came with a less expensive passive matrix , dual-scan display .   The optional 6x CD-ROM was implemented using a sleep-swappable module system similar to the one pioneered by the PowerBook 5300 ; other modules included a Zip drive and the standard 1.4 MB floppy ( an 8x CD-ROM would eventually become standard on the 133 MHz model ) . A pioneering feature of the 1400 was the `` BookCover '' laptop skin which allowed owners the opportunity to give their PowerBook a customized look . Every 1400 shipped with a gray cover , a clear cover , and six inserts ; a ClarisWorks template was also included as an `` extra '' on the system restore CD , from which users could design their own BookCover . The 1400 was easily upgradeable . System memory modules could be `` piggy-backed '' onto each other ( another feature unique to the 1400 ) , allowing the use of additional RAM . The CPU was located on a removable daughter card , which could be replaced with one containing a faster processor , including a number of commercially available cards with PowerPC G3 processors from vendors such as Sonnet Technologies , NewerTech , and Vimage . Aside from its two PC Card slots , the 1400 also included an internal expansion slot . Although few applications were ever developed to utilize it , Apple did release their own branded video card which included an increased amount of VRAM and an external video port . Other devices included a third-party video card , as well as a relatively rare Ethernet networking card .   There are several well-known issues concerning the PowerBook 1400 . Like all other PowerBooks prior to the PowerBook G4 , the drive controller used in the 1400 is incompatible with ATA-6 hard drives . Compatibility issues could also arise with hard drives larger than 8.2 GB , resolvable by partitioning the boot drive to less than 8.2 GB or by using Mac OS 8.6 or later . Additionally , unlike all Apple notebooks to come after it , the 1400 would not boot from a CD by holding down the `` C '' key while starting the machine ; the only workarounds for this were selecting the CD in the Startup Disk control panel before rebooting , or pressing the Command-Opt-Shift-Del keys .   According to Low End Mac the 117 MHz model is a `` compromised Mac '' due to the lack of a level 2 cache .

neg: Power Macintosh 5000 series The Power Macintosh 5000 series is a series of all-in-one ( meaning the cases feature an integrated monitor ) personal computers that are a part of Apple Computer 's Macintosh LC , Power Macintosh and Macintosh Performa series of Macintosh computers .   The Power Macintosh 5200 LC was introduced in April 1995 with a PowerPC 603 CPU at 75 MHz as a PowerPC-based replacement of the Macintosh LC 500 series . Later models switched to the PowerPC 603e CPU and used model numbers above 5260 , but kept the same motherboard design . Unlike previous education models , which prepended the model number with `` LC '' , the 5200 series uses the Power Macintosh designation of Apple 's main workstation line of the time and appends the LC to the end of the model name . All models in the 5xxx series featured an integrated 15-inch ( 12.8 '' viewable ) monitor .   The 5200 series is closely related to the 6200 series , which features the same logic boards in desktop cases without integrated monitors . This means that it also shares the 6200 's massive and confusing number of model designations .

neg: Casio is a multinational consumer electronics and commercial electronics manufacturing company headquartered in Shibuya , Tokyo , Japan . Its products include calculators , mobile phones , digital cameras , electronic musical instruments , and digital watches . It was founded in 1946 , and in 1957 released the world 's first entirely electric compact calculator . Casio was an early digital camera innovator , and during the 1980s and 1990s , the company developed numerous affordable home electronic keyboards for musicians .

neg: Departmental boot image A departmental boot image is a boot image for any computer that has been enhanced by adding some applications and passwords specific to a task or group or department in an organization . This has many of the advantages of a thin client strategy , but can be done on any operating system base as long as the boot device is large enough to accommodate the boot and applications together .   A typical departmental Windows XP boot image is usually so large that it requires a DVD to store , and may be too large for network booting . Accordingly , it is usually installed on a fixed or removable hard drive kept inside the machine , rather than installed over a network or from a ROM .   There are some boot image control complexity and total cost of operations advantages to using a departmental boot image instead of a common boot image for the entire organization , or a thin client :  all the capabilities of a full operating system are available , not just those of a thin client  applications with inflexible software licenses need not be paid for the entire organization , but can be paid only for the departments that actually use them and have them installed on their machines  applications that interact badly can be segmented so that an accounting program and an engineering program do not `` clobber each other 's libraries '' or otherwise interfere as they would if both sets of applications were installed in one boot image  overall size of each boot image can be controlled to fit within network or removable disk limits   Disadvantages include the complexity of creating and managing several large boot images , and determining when a department needs to upgrade its applications . If each user is allowed to do this on their own , then , the discipline soon degrades and the shop will be no easier to manage than one that consists of one-off computers with their own quirks , frequently requiring re-imaging and whose issues are not really diagnosable nor comparable to each other . Some experts believe that any departmental boot image regime degrades rather quickly to this state without extraordinary discipline and controls , and advocate thin clients to ensure such control .   It is however increasingly possible to restrict users from installing `` their own '' applications on a standard boot image , and to automatically re-install when a variant boot image is detected . While this would be draconian in a large organization with one boot image it is often quite acceptable when the boot image is maintained at a departmental level and users can request that it be upgraded with a minimum of bureaucracy and waiting .   Category : Booting  Category : Disk images

neg: Apple A5X The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) designed by Apple Inc. , introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7 , 2012 . It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5 ; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5 . It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip .

neg: Sharp Corporation is a Japanese multinational corporation that designs and manufactures electronic products , headquartered in Sakai-ku , Sakai . Since 2016 it has been an integral part of Taiwan-based Foxconn Group . Sharp employs more than 50,000 people worldwide . The company was founded in September 1912 in Tokyo and takes its name from one of its founder 's first inventions , the Ever-Sharp mechanical pencil , which was invented by Tokuji Hayakawa in 1915 .   As of 2013 , Sharp Corporation is the tenth-largest , by market share , television manufacturer in the world . In Japan it has been a long-time leader . Sharp has at times also been the most popular mobile phone brand in the Japanese market , but is currently third biggest .

neg: Digital Transmission Content Protection Digital Transmission Content Protection ( DTCP ) is a digital rights management ( DRM ) technology that restrict digital home technologies including DVD players and televisions by encrypting interconnections between devices . This permits the distribution of content through other devices such as personal computers or portable media players , if they also implement the DTCP standards . DTCP has also been referred to as `` 5C '' content protection , a reference to the five companies that created DTCP ; Hitachi , Intel , Matsushita , Sony , and Toshiba .   The standard was originally proposed in February 1998 , when the five companies presented the system to the Copy Protection Technical Working Group ( CPTWG ) , an ad hoc body organized to evaluate DRM technologies . The five companies subsequently established the Digital Transmission Licensing Administrator ( DTLA ) in June 1998 to simplify licensing procedures and promote acceptance of the DTCP method by content providers , electronics manufacturers , and broadcast service providers . They also released the 5C Digital Transmission Content Protection White Paper describing the system . The paper specifies Hitachi 's M6 cipher as the baseline encryption system , which was already in widespread use in the Japanese cable industry .   At the time , FireWire was widely regarded as the up-and-coming standard for interconnecting media devices , although this has not been widely adopted in the decade following . More recently there appears to be a move to using TCP/IP carried on high-speed ethernet and WiFi connections to replace FireWire and similar systems , a move epitomized by the Apple TV . The DTCP standard has branched out to cover a variety of media types to respond to these industry changes , and now supports USB , IP , WiFi , Bluetooth and MOST ( a media standard for automotive platforms ) in addition to FireWire .   DTCP specification is proprietary and is only disseminated to members , who agree to the DTLA agreements ( some fees need to be paid to even get the specification ) . An `` informational version '' of the specification , omitting some critical details of the implementation , is freely available .

neg: NetApp filer In computer storage , NetApp filer , known also as NetApp Fabric-Attached Storage ( FAS ) , or NetApp 's network attached storage ( NAS ) device is NetApp 's offering in the area of storage systems . A FAS functions in an enterprise-class storage area network ( SAN ) as well as as a networked storage appliance ; for this reason they are colloquially referred to as `` toasters '' . It can serve storage over a network using file-based protocols such as NFS , SMB , FTP , TFTP , and HTTP . Filers can also serve data over block-based protocols such as Fibre Channel ( FC ) , Fibre Channel over Ethernet ( FCoE ) and iSCSI .  NetApp Filers implement their physical storage in large disk arrays .   Most other large-storage filers from other vendors tend to use commodity computers with an operating system such as Microsoft Windows Server , VxWorks or tuned Linux . NetApp filers use highly customized hardware and the proprietary Data ONTAP operating system , both originally designed by NetApp founders David Hitz and James Lau specifically for storage-serving purposes . Data ONTAP is NetApp 's internal operating system , specially optimised for storage functions at high and low level . It boots from FreeBSD as a stand-alone kernel-space module and uses some functions of FreeBSD ( command interpreter and drivers stack , for example ) .   All filers have battery-backed NVRAM , which allows them to commit writes to stable storage quickly , without waiting on disks . Early filers connected to external disk enclosures via SCSI , while modern models use FC and SAS protocol . The disk enclosures ( shelves ) support FC hard disk drives , as well as parallel ATA , serial ATA and Serial attached SCSI .   Implementers often organize two filers in a high-availability cluster with a private high-speed link , either Fibre Channel , InfiniBand , or 10 Gigabit Ethernet . One can additionally group such clusters together under a single namespace when running in the `` cluster mode '' of the Data ONTAP 8 operating system .

neg: Analogue Nt The Analogue Nt is an aftermarket Nintendo Entertainment System and Famicom designed and manufactured by Seattle based company Analogue , Inc. . Designed around the original Nintendo CPU and PPU , the Analogue Nt is the only aftermarket NES and Famicom system that is not designed using emulation , since it uses the original Nintendo CPU and PPU . The goal of the system was to build a perfect , no-compromises aftermarket NES and Famicom . The default model was released with RGB ( RGB , Component , S-Video and Composite ) video outputs only , with an additional `` add-on '' for 1080p HDMI output and a plethora of other digital features . The Analogue Nt 's enclosure is solid aluminum unibody enclosure manufactured from 6061 aluminum .   After sellout of the original Analogue Nt , Analogue announced the Analogue Nt mini , which is 20 % smaller than the original . The mini includes RGB & HDMI outputs but , according to Analogue 's website , does n't use the original Nintendo CPU & PPU : `` The core functionality of the original NES is engineered directly into an Altera Cyclone V , a sophisticated FPGA . ''

neg: Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus .   It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard .   It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests .   The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .

neg: Alps Electric is a Japanese multinational corporation , headquartered in Tokyo , Japan , producing electronic devices , including switches , potentiometers , sensors , encoders and touchpads .   The company was established in 1948 as Kataoka Electric Co. , Ltd. and changed its name to Alps Electric Co. , Ltd. in December 1964 . Since June 22 , 2012 , the President has been Toshihiro Kuriyama and Chairman is Masataka Kataoka . Alps is also well known for the Alpine brand of car audio .   The Alps Electric Group has R&D , production and sales bases located in Japan and around the globe -- in the Americas , Europe , Southeast Asia , Korea , and Greater China . Since its founding , Alps Electric has supplied around 40,000 types of electronic component to over 2,000 manufacturers of home appliances , mobile devices , automobiles and industrial equipment worldwide .   Alps Group comprises 84 subsidiary companies , 25 through Alps Electric , 32 through Alpine Electronics and 27 through Alps Logistics .   The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and a constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index .

neg: Portable media player A portable media player ( PMP ) or digital audio player ( DAP ) is a portable consumer electronics device capable of storing and playing digital media such as audio , images , and video files . The data is typically stored on a CD , DVD , flash memory , microdrive , or hard drive . Most portable media players are equipped with a 3.5 mm headphone jack , which users can plug headphones into , or connect to a boombox or hifi system . In contrast , analog portable audio players play music from non-digital media that use analog signal storage , such as cassette tapes or vinyl records .   Often mobile digital audio players are marketed and sold as `` portable MP3 players '' , even if they also support other file formats and media types . Increasing sales of smartphones and tablet computers have led to a decline in sales of portable media players , leading to some devices being phased out , though flagship devices like the Apple iPod and Sony Walkman are still in production . Portable DVD players are still manufactured by brands across the world .   This article focuses on portable devices that have the main function of playing media .

neg: Input device In computing , an input device is a ( piece of computer hardware equipment ) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance . Examples of input devices include keyboards , mouse , scanners , digital cameras and joysticks .   Many input devices can   modality of input ( e.g. mechanical motion , audio , visual , etc. . )  whether the input is discrete ( e.g. pressing of key ) or continuous ( e.g. a mouse 's position , though digitized into a discrete quantity , is fast enough to be considered continuous )  the number of degrees of freedom involved ( e.g. two-dimensional traditional mice , or three-dimensional navigators designed for CAD applications )   Pointing devices , which are input devices used to specify a position in space , can further be classified according to :   Whether the input is direct or indirect . With direct input , the input space coincides with the display space , i.e. pointing is done in the space where visual feedback or the pointer appears . Touchscreens and light pens involve direct input . Examples involving indirect input include the mouse and trackball .  Whether the positional information is absolute ( e.g. on a touch screen ) or relative ( e.g. with a mouse that can be lifted and repositioned )   Direct input is almost necessarily absolute , but indirect input may be either absolute or relative . For example , digitizing graphics tablets that do not have an embedded screen involve indirect input and sense absolute positions and are often run in an absolute input mode , but they may also be set up to simulate a relative input mode like that of a touchpad , where the stylus or puck can be lifted and repositioned .


query: Shantel VanSanten has been in Teen Vogue.

pos: Shantel VanSanten Shantel VanSanten ( born July 25 , 1985 ) is an American model and actress . As a model , she has been featured in the magazines Teen Vogue and Seventeen . On television , she played the role of Quinn James in the CW teen drama series One Tree Hill , recurred as Detective Patty Spivot in the CW show The Flash , and stars as Julie Swagger the wife of lead character Bob Lee Swagger on the USA Network series Shooter . On film , she has appeared in The Final Destination , You and I , and Something Wicked .

neg: Vans Vans is an American manufacturer of shoes , based in Cypress , California , owned by VF Corporation . The company also produces apparel and other products such as T-shirts , hoodies , socks , hats , and backpacks . As of August 2013 , the brand is active in the actions sports industry and sponsors skateboard , surf , snow , BMX , and motocross teams . Since 1996 , the company has also been the primary sponsor of the annual Vans Warped Tour traveling rock festival .

neg: Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .

neg: Teen Mom 3 Teen Mom 3 was an American reality television series that premiered on August 26 , 2013 , on MTV and concluded its run on November 18 , 2013 . It chronicles the lives of four girls from the fourth season of 16 and Pregnant as they navigate their first year of motherhood and changing social relationships . The series was announced on February 27 , 2012 , as the third installment of the Teen Mom franchise , coming one day before Teen Mom 2 concluded its second season . In December 2013 , it was revealed by the cast , via Twitter , that Teen Mom 3 had been canceled after one season . In March 2017 , it was announced that cast member Briana DeJesus would join the Teen Mom 2 cast for the eighth season .

neg: Meagan Tandy Meagan Yvonne Tandy ( born May 3 , 1985 ) is an American actress and model . She is a former Miss California USA who was one of 5 finalists competing for the Miss USA title where she placed 3rd runner-up . Her most notable work was when she played Denzel Washington 's daughter Maya in the Tony Scott directed film Unstoppable . She was a series regular on the ABC Family show Jane By Design and is currently on MTV 's Teen Wolf playing the role of Braeden .

neg: Han Jin Han Jin ( full name Han Hye-jin ; born 23 March 1983 ) is a South Korean fashion model . She has been on the covers of the May 2008 and June 2009 issues of the Korean edition of Vogue , as well as many other fashion magazines . Han is a good friend of Hye-rim Park .

neg: Kiss (Irish magazine) Kiss ( stylised as KISS ) was an Irish magazine aimed at a teenage market containing knowledge about adolescent matters such as fashion advice , confessions , features on teenage cultural icons , relationship advice and problem pages with solutions especially designed for teenage readers . It is part of the VIP publishing franchise of Michael O'Doherty . Kiss was launched on 31 October 2002 as the first of O'Doherty 's solo business ventures . He had previously engaged in a number of co-ordinated business ventures in Ireland with his former business partner John Ryan ; Kiss succeeded the co-owned establishments of Magill in 1997 and VIP in 1999 and preceded later titles such as the glossy monthly targeted at women in the age group of eighteen to thirty-four Stellar and the failed New York Dog venture in New York City . Kiss is published at 2-4 Ely Place in Dublin 2 . Kiss '' 's rivals are the United Kingdom 's Bliss and Sugar .   Upon its launch Kiss was lauded in the Irish media for its attempts to contribute to a more liberal and sexualised Ireland , one where the influence of the Roman Catholic Church had declined dramatically in the preceding decade . Only three decades previously , such teenage-oriented magazines were much more reserved in their content and approach and even the titles , i.e. Jackie and Blue Jeans , were not as outspoken as the word `` kiss '' in capitalised letters . Kiss was launched by O'Doherty 's publishing company as a response to the increasing popularity of similar , albeit British-based , publications such as Bliss and Sugar . It launched on 31 October 2002 , at the original ( much-deflated by current standards ) price of $ 2.50 and aimed at female readers between the ages of fourteen and seventeen . The first issue featured heavily its mantra of dealing with teenage problems , including articles on school bullying and the difficulties of blushing , written in a `` chatty and informative '' manner so as not to `` patronise '' the target audience . However O'Doherty is adamant that his magazine will not encourage young children to `` sleep with their boyfriends by providing How-To-Pleasure-Your-Fella features '' . To supplement its tone Kiss employs experts on what teenagers consider fashionable , with its so-called `` agony aunt '' being Sarah Scully , a child psychologist in Saint James 's Hospital , Dublin . Upon its launch the magazine was edited by Susan Vasquez , now editor of O'Doherty 's Stellar '' . The magazine is currently edited by Nathalie Màrquez Courtney .   Kiss published its last issue in September 2014 .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: 2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 .  Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show .   One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .

neg: Lene Hall Lene Hall ( born Sherrylene Hall ) is a Barbadian model . She modeled throughout her high school career , but it was only when an agent approached Hall at her work place in Barbados and encouraged her to come to New York City that she would have her chance on the international fashion stage . Things moved quickly : on her first interview with an agency , she was signed on the spot and sent directly for her first casting at `` Prescriptive by Estée Lauder . '' Hall landed the job , becoming the face of Prescriptive for the next year . Hall has gone on to walk the runway for Ralph Lauren and European couture designers . In addition to Esteé Lauder , Hall has done campaigns for Noxzema , Lubriderm , Kohler , and Vaniqua , and has been the face for Revlon , Lafayette 148 , and Oil of Olay .   Hall has been photographed for Harper 's Bazaar , Spanish Vogue , Elle , Oprah , Marie Claire , and Essence . She appeared on the cover of Sam Fine 's Fine Beauty . American Photo magazine named Hall one of the top 10 up-and-coming models .   Hall gives freely of her time to charities to help in their cause to raise funds , in Barbados and internationally , including Jamaica and Africa . She also took part in the NY fashion industry 's charity event for the victims of September 11 . Her philosophy is that she has received so much that one should pass it on to those who have not had the opportunities she has been afforded in life .   She is currently under contract with Major Model Management .

neg: Hormones: The Series Hormones ( Full title : Hormones Wai Wawun , from วัยว้าวุ่น ) , promoted as Hormones : The Series , is a Thai teen drama television series produced by GTH and first broadcast in 2013 . The show follows the lives and relationships of a group of secondary school students as they go through school and home life and face various issues . Breaking the mould of Thai television , which typically features Thai soap operas and sitcoms , Hormones was conceived with a style more commonly found in the U.S. and production values more usually associated with filmmaking . It also distinguished itself by featuring controversial issues such as teenage sex and pregnancy , homosexuality and school violence .   The series ' first season was directed by Songyos Sugmakanan , and was broadcast on satellite channel GMM One and online from May to August 2013 . The series was positively received and , despite not being shown on free-to-air terrestrial television and being criticized for its content , proved extremely popular , prompting the creation of a second season . Directed by Kriangkrai Vachiratamporn , the second season began broadcasting in July 2014 . In September 2015 , Hormones 3 : The Final Season began broadcasting . The episodes of the final season were also released in the GTH 's official channel with official English subtitles .

neg: 10 Years Younger (U.S. TV series) 10 Years Younger ( also abbreviated as 10YY ) is an American reality series that aired on TLC . It takes individuals and transform them to look more `` glamorous '' , or ` ten years younger ' , hence the name of the show . As of February 2011 , the Oprah Winfrey Network have been airing reruns of the show .

neg: Michelle Laine Michelle Laine is an American fashion designer and actress based in Los Angeles , California . Michelle Laine was born in San Diego , California , and is the daughter of extreme water-sports athlete Randy Laine . As a designer Michelle Laine specializes in womenwear and jewelry , as well as artistic direction and costume design for film and music videos .   Michelle recently played the love interest in the short film `` Fake it baby , Fake it ( La Dame Nature ) '' for American rock band Living Things , directed by Floria Sigismondi , Michelle was also the costume designer for the video .   In 2012 Laine shared insight on personal style and on her role as an influential person in fashion in `` City of Style : Exploring Los Angeles Fashion , from Bohemian to Rock '' By Melissa Magsaysay , Harper Colins .  Michelle Laine 's designs have been worn by Tilda Swinton , Elle Fanning , Marion Cotillard , Katy Perry , Alessandra Ambrosio , Kristen Stewart , Jared Leto , Paris Hilton , and Brandy .

neg: Young Divas Young Divas was an Australian pop girl group , which formed in 2006 by Sony BMG Australia initially for a one-off single and national tour to promote all members as solo artists . The original line up consisted of former Australian Idol contestants , including season one finalist Paulini , season two contestant Ricki-Lee Coulter , season three winner Kate DeAraugo and runner-up Emily Williams .   Young Divas released a cover of `` This Time I Know It 's for Real '' to attract attention for the tour . The song peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) . A cover of `` Happenin ' All Over Again '' was later released as their second single , which peaked at number nine and was certified gold . Due to their commercial success , Sony BMG decided that the Young Divas would record a full-length album of classic disco and pop covers titled , Young Divas , in November 2006 . The album debuted at number four on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum .   In June 2007 , Coulter parted ways with the group to resume her solo music career and was replaced by season four runner-up Jessica Mauboy . Young Divas released their second album New Attitude in November 2007 , which debuted at number 10 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold . The album 's lead single `` Turn Me Loose '' ( featuring rapper Savage ) reached number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart . In 2008 , Young Divas officially disbanded with all members resuming their solo music careers .

neg: Hunx and His Punx Hunx and His Punx is an American punk band from San Francisco , California .   Hunx , real name Seth Bogart , started the band in 2008 after years of performing in a gay pop group called Gravy Train !!!! The group 's sound has been compared to girl groups and is a mix of punk and bubblegum music . The band played its first national tour of the United States alongside Jay Reatard and Nobunny in 2009 . The band officially released its debut singles compilation album Gay Singles in 2010 on True Panther Sounds in the US and Born Bad in France . Hunx used to co-own ` Down At Lulu 's ' , a hair salon in Oakland , California , but sold it in 2011 .   In January 2010 , Hunx began a tour featuring an all-girl backing band . The new line-up has been identified on the tour and in new songs such as `` Lovers Lane '' as Hunx and His Punkettes .   In March 2010 , the band played in a tribute concert for the recently deceased Jay Reatard . In May 2010 , LensCrafters began airing a commercial featuring a short audio clip of `` Gimmie Gimmie Back Your Love . '' In October 2010 , Hunx and His Punx signed to Hardly Art . The band 's debut album for the label , Too Young to Be in Love , was released in April 2011 . It was produced in New York City by Ivan Julian of Richard Hell and The Voidoids .   In June 2011 , Hunx announced that they would be playing their last show with the `` Punkettes '' due to Hunx and His Punx guitarists Amy Blaustein and Michelle Santamaria quitting . He then moved to Los Angeles .   In February 2012 , Hunx released a solo album titled Hairdresser Blues on Hardly Art . In 2016 , he released his second solo album Seth Bogart under his birth name on Burger , featuring collaborations from Kathleen Hanna and Tavi Gevinson .   Hunx and His Punx now consists of Seth Bogart , Shannon Shaw and Erin Emslie . They released Street Punk in 2013 and toured with a new guitarist Nik Johnson . In 2014 they released a greatest hits for their Japan Leg of Street Punk tour .   Seth Bogart has since opened his own clothing line called Wacky Wacko that has been seen on some of his idols Miley Cyrus and Kathleen Hanna .

neg: America's Next Top Model (cycle 14) The fourteenth cycle of America 's Next Top Model premiered on March 10 , 2010 , and is the eighth season to be aired on The CW . The cycle 's catch phrase is `` Work It Out '' . The promotional songs are `` Watch Me Move '' by Fefe Dobson and `` Go Getta '' by Stella Mwangi .   The prizes for this cycle were :   A modeling contract with Wilhelmina Models .  A fashion spread and cover in Seventeen .  A 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics .   J. Alexander was removed from his post as a judge , but still remained as the runway coach . He was replaced by Vogue editor André Leon Talley . The international destinations during this cycle were Auckland and Queenstown , New Zealand .   The winner was 24-year-old Krista White from Pine Bluff , Arkansas .

neg: American Teen (film) American Teen is a 2008 documentary film directed by Nanette Burstein ( On the Ropes , The Kid Stays in the Picture ) and produced by 57th & Irving . It competed in the Documentary Competition at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , where it received the Directing Award : Documentary . Following the Sundance Film Festival , the movie was picked up by Paramount Vantage and was released to general cinema July 25 , 2008 .   Much of the movie was filmed at Warsaw Community High School in Warsaw , Indiana . Director Nanette Burstein originally reviewed more than 100 different schools in the pre-production process , and ten schools replied , agreeing to participate . After she interviewed incoming seniors at all 10 , she chose Warsaw .

neg: Coppertone (sunscreen) Coppertone is the brand name for an American sunscreen , owned by Bayer , formerly Merck & Co. , Inc. , formerly Schering-Plough . Coppertone is the sister brand to Bain de Soleil , which is targeted to adult women . The name originated from its marketing of suntan lotion .   It dates to 1944 , when pharmacist Benjamin Green invented a lotion to darken tans . The company became famous in 1959 when it introduced the Coppertone girl , an advertisement showing a young blond girl in pigtails staring in surprise as a Boykin Spaniel sneaks up behind her and pulls down her blue swimsuit bottom , revealing her buttocks to have a lighter tone than the rest of her body . Accompanying the ads was the impish slogan , `` Do n't be a paleface ! ''   The original Coppertone logo was the profile of an Indian chief . In 1953 Tally Embry Advertising in Florida was hired , and their ad men created the concept of the little girl and the pup . An artist named Joyce Ballantyne Brand re-drew the little girl in 1959 when her original artwork was destroyed in a fire . She was then working for Grant Advertising in New York . She purportedly used her daughter , Cheri , as her model , and her drawing closely resembled her original artwork . A series of mechanical billboards was constructed across the United States , whereon the motorized dog and swimsuit bottoms rocked up and down perpetually . Though most of them are long since gone or have stopped moving , one such billboard of the then Coppertone Girl still stands in Miami Beach -- dog , pigtails , swimsuit , and all . Sometime around 1965 , Jodie Foster made her acting debut as the Coppertone girl in a television commercial , when she was three years old .   In 1993 , to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the sunscreen , a contest was held at Disney 's Polynesian Hotel in Orlando Florida to find `` The Coppertone Girl '' , since Cheri Brand had grown up by then . The contest was hosted by Regis Philbin along with Cheri as one of the judges . The winner was picked based on the contestant 's maturity , congeniality , eloquence , confidence , and how well she resembled the cartoon . The winner was four-year-old Alexis Durgee . She was chosen out of over 100,000 models and twenty remaining finalists . Afterwards she appeared on Sally Jessy Raphael Show with Cheri Brand and Dalton Orband , the winning Coppertone Boy . Alexis went on to model for Coppertone and Water Babies advertisements through the following year and was shot in several Coppertone commercials .   At the turn of the 21st century , Coppertone revised drawings of the Coppertone Girl so that they would be less revealing and show no tan lines . Some recent versions show only the girl 's lower back , as opposed to her buttocks , or wearing a T-shirt , a hat , and holding a bottle of Coppertone while the puppy is shown pulling on her shorts .

neg: Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl .   The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .

neg: Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world .   Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery .   Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine .   Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .

neg: Make Me a Supermodel (season 2) Make Me a Supermodel , Season 2 , premiered on March 4 , 2009 , is the second season of Make Me a Supermodel . It is broadcast on Bravo .   The new season started with higher than expected ratings after a much publicized campaign on blog sites , bus stops , and shopping malls . A casting special aired prior to the second season opener , featuring many models being photographed , critiqued on the runway , and sent away until only the final choices for the season remained . The casting special premiered in February 2009 .   Major changes were made the second season , including viewer voting taken out , with the judges deciding who 's eliminated and the winner of the entire show . The number of contestants was also increased from 14 to 16 and reduced the final 4 to only 3 finalists in the finale episode . The judging panel was also completely revamped . Former model Jenny Shimizu , along with fashion photographer Perou , one of the judges in the original British version , French fashion designer Catherine Malandrino and international model scout Marlon Stoltzman all joined as judges . Beckford was no longer a judge , and instead became the sole host of the show and the mentor of the male competitors . Australian model Nicole Trunfio replaced Niki Taylor and became the mentor of the female competitors . Lastly , every week , the featured photographer would choose a model they felt worked the photo shoot the best , and that winning model and their pick would get to go on a casting .   The winner of the competition received a $ 100,000 , a fashion pictorial in Cosmopolitan , and a 1-year contract with New York Model Management .   The winner of the competition was 18-year-old Branden Rickman from Central Point , Oregon , making him the youngest and first male model to win the show .


query: Peyton Manning played 14 seasons in the NFL.

pos: Peyton Manning Peyton Williams Manning ( born March 24 , 1976 ) is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) , primarily with the Indianapolis Colts . Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , he spent 14 seasons with the Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons . Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee , leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season . He is the second son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning and older brother of New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning .   Manning was selected by the Indianapolis Colts as the first overall pick in the 1998 NFL Draft . From 1998 to 2010 , he improved the fortunes of the struggling Colts franchise and helped transform them into playoff contenders . During his tenure as starting quarterback , Manning led the team to eight division championships , two AFC championships , and one Super Bowl title , the franchise 's first in over three decades , as well as their first since relocating to Indianapolis .   After undergoing neck surgery that forced him to miss the entire 2011 season , Manning was released by the Colts and signed with the Denver Broncos . Serving as the team 's starting quarterback from 2012 to 2015 , he contributed to the Broncos reaching the top of their division each year and his playing career concluded with a victory in Super Bowl 50 .   Manning holds many NFL records , including passing yards ( 71,940 ) , touchdown passes ( 539 ) , AP MVP awards ( 5 ) , Pro Bowl appearances ( 14 ) , and 4,000-yard passing seasons ( 14 ) . A two-time Super Bowl winner and the most valuable player of Super Bowl XLI , Manning is also the only quarterback to start the Super Bowl for two different franchises more than once each and the only starting quarterback to win a Super Bowl with two different franchises . At 39 years of age , Manning is the oldest quarterback to start in and win a Super Bowl . Manning is also the only quarterback in NFL history to make the Super Bowl four times with four different head coaches ( Dungy , Caldwell , Fox , and Kubiak ) .   During a 2009 Monday Night Football game , Manning received the nickname `` The Sheriff '' from color commentator Jon Gruden due to his tendency to audible prior to the snap , and he was one of the most recognizable and parodied players in the NFL . Teams led by Manning typically utilized the hurry-up offense in place of the standard huddle .

neg: List of Wisconsin Badgers in the NFL Draft The University of Wisconsin -- Madison Badgers have drafted 289 players into the National Football League ( NFL ) since the league began holding drafts in 1936 . The Badgers ' highest draft position was second overall in 1944 , when Pat Harder was selected by Card-Pitt . Wisconsin 's first drafted player in the NFL was Eddie Jankowski , who was the 9th overall pick by the Green Bay Packers in 1937 . Three former Badgers were selected from the latest NFL draft : T. J. Watt , Ryan Ramczyk and Vince Biegel .   Each NFL franchise seeks to add new players through the annual NFL Draft . The team with the worst record the previous year picks first , the next-worst team second , and so on . Teams that did not make the playoffs are ordered by their regular-season record , with any remaining ties broken by strength of schedule . Playoff participants are sequenced after non-playoff teams , based on their round of elimination ( wild card , division , conference , and Super Bowl ) .   Before the AFL -- NFL merger agreements in 1966 , the American Football League ( AFL ) operated in direct competition with the NFL and held a separate draft . This led to a massive bidding war over top prospects between the two leagues . As part of the merger agreement on June 8 , 1966 , the two leagues would hold a multiple round `` Common Draft '' . Once the AFL officially merged with the NFL in 1970 , the `` Common Draft '' simply became the NFL Draft . This list includes players that have transferred to or from Wisconsin .

neg: Raymond Clayborn Raymond DeWayne Clayborn ( born January 2 , 1955 in Fort Worth , Texas ) is a former American Football cornerback who played for the New England Patriots ( 1977 -- 1989 ) and Cleveland Browns ( 1990 , 1991 ) of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Before his NFL career , attended Green B. Trimble Technical High School and played for the University of Texas at Austin .   Clayborn had a superb career with the Patriots , making the Pro Bowl three times , pairing with Hall of Famer Mike Haynes to form one of the finest cornerback tandems in modern NFL history . As a rookie , he returned 28 kickoffs for 869 yards and a league-leading 3 touchdowns , giving him an NFL-best and Patriots franchise record 31.0 yards per return average . He was instrumental in the New England 's 1985 AFC Title season , recording six regular season interceptions and providing shutdown coverage as the wild-card entry Patriots won three road playoff games en route to an improbable appearance in Super Bowl XX . In the Patriots 31-14 Conference Championship win over the Miami Dolphins , Clayborn helped frustrated Miami quarterback Dan Marino into having a terrible game during which he completed only 20 of 48 passes for 248 yards . Clayborn made one of two Patriots interceptions during the upset . In the subsequent 46-10 loss against the Bears in Super Bowl XX , the Patriots were undone by turnovers and smothered by Chicago 's crushing 46 defense . Though Bears quarterbacks completed only 12 passes for 258 yards with no touchdowns , New England 's secondary was beaten several times on catches for big gains . Clayborn recovered one of two Chicago fumbles while watching his offense turn the ball over six times .   An infamous story about a 1979 lockerroom confrontation between Clayborn and Boston Globe reporter Will McDonough has it that Clayborn , frustrated by his play after a 56-3 rout of the New York Jets , got into a shoving match with McDonough . The writer is said to have knocked the 6 ' 0 '' 200 lbs . Pro Bowl corner into a laundry cart , but the story is likely apocryphal .   Clayborn finished his career with 36 interceptions , which he returned for 555 yards and a touchdown . He also returned 57 kickoffs for 1,538 yards and 3 touchdowns , and recovered 4 fumbles . At the time of his retirement , his 36 interceptions were a Patriots record . He is currently the NFL Uniform Program Representative for the Houston Texans .   He was elected to the New England Patriots Hall of Fame in 2017 .

neg: Jim Martin (American football) James Richard `` Jungle Jim '' Martin ( April 8 , 1924 -- October 9 , 2002 ) was an American football guard , linebacker and placekicker who played fourteen seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) in the 1950s and 1960s , mainly for the Detroit Lions . He was selected to the Pro Bowl , the NFL 's all-star game , after the 1961 season , and went on to be an assistant coach after his playing career . He was an All-American at the University of Notre Dame and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1995 .   Martin was a star athlete at his high school in Cleveland , Ohio . He joined the United States Marine Corps after graduating , and served in the Pacific War until it ended in 1945 . He then enrolled at Notre Dame , where he was part of a teams that won the college football national championship in 1946 , 1947 and 1949 under head coach Frank Leahy . Martin was named a first-team All-American in 1949 by several news organizations .   The NFL 's Cleveland Browns selected Martin in the 1950 draft , and he played there for one season during which the team won the NFL championship . Browns head coach Paul Brown traded him to the Detroit Lions , where he played between 1951 and 1961 , at first as a guard and later as a linebacker and placekicker . The Lions won NFL championships in 1952 , 1953 and 1957 , all three of them victories over the Browns . After spending a year as an assistant coach for the Denver Broncos , an American Football League team , Martin returned to playing in 1963 for the Baltimore Colts , and played for a final year in 1964 for the Washington Redskins . When he left the Lions , Martin was the team 's all-time leading field goal kicker ; he also became the first NFL player to kick two field goals of more than 50 yards in a single game in 1960 .   Martin was an assistant high school coach in California and at Idaho State University before taking a job as an assistant with the Lions between 1967 and 1972 . He also coached in the World Football League in the mid-1970s . Martin later worked as a court officer in Michigan . He was inducted into the Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame in 1976 and into the college hall of fame in 1995 . He died in 2002 .

neg: Gary Kubiak Gary Wayne Kubiak ( born August 15 , 1961 ) is a former American football coach and player . He served as head coach for the NFL 's Houston Texans from 2006 to 2013 and of the Denver Broncos in 2015 and 2016 before stepping down from the position on January 1 , 2017 , citing health reasons . He also had jobs as assistant coach at Texas A&M University and with the San Francisco 49ers and Denver Broncos .   Kubiak played quarterback in college at Texas A&M . He was drafted in the 8th round , 197th overall pick , of the 1983 NFL Draft by the Broncos where he played from 1983 to 1991 as the backup to John Elway .   He participated in seven Super Bowls , losing three as a player with the Broncos , winning three as an assistant coach with the Broncos and the San Francisco 49ers and winning Super Bowl 50 as the head coach of the Broncos .

neg: 1978 NFL season The 1978 NFL season was the 59th regular season of the National Football League . The league expanded the regular season from a 14-game schedule to 16 . Furthermore , the playoff format was expanded from 8 teams to 10 teams by adding another wild card from each conference . The wild card teams played each other , with the winner advancing to the playoff round of eight teams .   The season ended with Super Bowl XIII when the Pittsburgh Steelers defeated the Dallas Cowboys at the Orange Bowl in Miami .   The average salary for a player in 1978 was under $ 62,600 , up 13.2 percent over the previous year . Fran Tarkenton was the highest-paid quarterback at $ 360,000 and running back O. J. Simpson was the highest paid player , at just under $ 733,400 .

neg: 2014 Green Bay Packers season The Green Bay Packers season was the franchise 's 95th season in the National Football League , the 96th overall and the ninth under head coach Mike McCarthy . The team tied with four other teams for a league-best 12 wins and 4 losses , while also adding a fourth consecutive NFC North division title . The club went undefeated at home for the first time since 2011 . They also led the league in scoring , with 486 points , the second-most in franchise history . It marked the first time since the 2009 season that the team had a 4,000-yard passer , two 1,000-yard receivers , and a 1,000-yard rusher . They won the divisional round playoff game against the Cowboys , but then lost the conference championship game against the Seattle Seahawks in one of the biggest collapses in NFL playoff history . Quarterback Aaron Rodgers was named the league 's Most Valuable Player .   The Packers made the playoffs for the sixth straight season , tying the record set between 1993 -- 98

neg: Reggie Wayne Reginald Wayne ( born November 17 , 1978 ) is a former American football wide receiver who spent his entire 14-year career with the Indianapolis Colts . He played college football for the University of Miami , and was drafted by the Colts in the first round ( 30th overall ) of the 2001 NFL Draft . A six-time Pro Bowl selection , Wayne was a member of the Colts ' Super Bowl XLI championship team that beat the Chicago Bears . He ranks seventh all-time in NFL career receptions , ninth all-time in NFL receiving yards , and 23rd all-time in career touchdown receptions . On December 14 , 2014 , Wayne played in both his 209th game and his 142nd win as a member of the Colts , breaking the franchise records set by Peyton Manning .

neg: 1996 NFL season The 1996 NFL season was the 77th regular season of the National Football League and the season was marked by notable controversies from beginning to end . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXI when the Green Bay Packers defeated the New England Patriots 35-21 at the Louisiana Superdome .

neg: Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2003 season . The Patriots defeated the Panthers by the score of 32 -- 29 , winning their second Super Bowl championship in three years . The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston , Texas , on February 1 , 2004 . At the time , this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers .   The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11 -- 5 regular season record . They also made it the second straight year that a team from the NFC South division made the Super Bowl , with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers winning Super Bowl XXXVII . The Patriots were seeking their second Super Bowl title in three years after posting a 14 -- 2 record .   NFL fans and sports writers widely consider this game one of the most well-played and thrilling Super Bowls ; Sports Illustrated writer Peter King hailed it as the `` Greatest Super Bowl of all time . '' Although neither team could score in the first and third quarters , they both ended up with a combined total of 868 yards and 61 points . The game was scoreless for a Super Bowl record 26:55 before the two teams combined for 24 points prior to halftime . The clubs then combined for a Super Bowl record 37 points in the fourth quarter . The contest was finally decided on New England kicker Adam Vinatieri 's 41-yard field goal with four seconds left . Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in three years . He set a Super Bowl record for the most pass completions ( 32 ) , completing 66.7 percent of his passes and accumulating 354 passing yards , 3 touchdowns , and 12 rushing yards . Jake Delhomme for his part overcame the poor start with 323 passing yards and three touchdowns . The 61 combined points stood as a Super Bowl record until the 62 points scored in Super Bowl LI in 2017 .   The game is also known for its controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson 's breast , adorned with a nipple shield , was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second , in what was later referred to as a `` wardrobe malfunction '' . Along with the rest of the halftime show , it led to an immediate crackdown by the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting .

neg: 2002 Denver Broncos season The Denver Broncos season was the team 's 43rd year in professional football and its 33rd with the National Football League .   With the sudden retirement of Terrell Davis in the preseason , Denver had to rely on rookie Clinton Portis , who provided an instant spark to the Broncos running game . Despite his presence , however , the Broncos finished with a 9-7 record , and narrowly missing the postseason .

neg: 2015 Pro Bowl The 2015 Pro Bowl was the National Football League 's all-star game for the 2014 season . It began at 6 pm local time on January 25 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale , Arizona , and it was the first Pro Bowl to be held outside of Hawaii since 2010The game was televised nationally by ESPN .   The game continued the `` unconferenced '' format that was debuted in the 2014 Pro Bowl . The game was the third Pro Bowl that took place in the same site as that year 's Super Bowl . It was also the sixth consecutive year where the Pro Bowl took place prior to the Super Bowl .   Hall of Fame wide receivers Cris Carter and Michael Irvin were selected as the alumni captains of the game . Jason Garrett of the Dallas Cowboys and John Harbaugh of the Baltimore Ravens were the game 's coaches . The coaches were to come from the higher seeded teams in each conference to lose in the Divisional Round of the 2014 -- 15 NFL playoffs , which has been the convention since the 2010 Pro Bowl . However , the Denver Broncos ( the highest seeded Divisional Round loser in the AFC ) and head coach John Fox mutually agreed to part ways following their playoff loss , so Harbaugh ( who coached the Ravens , the other Divisional Round loser from the AFC ) was selected instead .

neg: 2011 Detroit Lions season The Detroit Lions season was the franchise 's 82nd season in the National Football League , their 78th as the Detroit Lions , the 10th playing its home games at Ford Field and the third year under head coach Jim Schwartz . With a regular season record of 10 -- 6 , the team improved on its 6 -- 10 record from 2010 , which is their third consecutive improved season . It was the Lions ' first winning season since 2000 and first 10 win season since 1995 . The Lions ' 5 -- 0 start was their best since 1956 . With their win over the San Diego Chargers on December 24 , the Lions clinched an NFC Wild Card spot in the postseason . After their loss to the Green Bay Packers in Week 17 , it was determined the Lions would play the New Orleans Saints in one of the NFC Wild Card Games , which the Lions lost 45 -- 28 . It was their first playoff berth since 1999 .   The Lions ran a pass-heavy offense in 2011 , mainly due to early injuries of running backs Mikel Leshoure , who was injured in the preseason and Jahvid Best , who was injured with a concussion in week 6 against the 49ers . Kevin Smith was signed in November as running back , but he too was injured , this time a high ankle sprain during week 11 that inhibited his running . Quarterback Matthew Stafford 's 663 passing attempts ( 41.4 attempts per game ) led the league , and they only ran the ball on 33.8 % of their plays , a league low . According to statistics site Football Outsiders , the Lions went into shotgun formation a league-leading 68 % of offensive plays in 2011 . Stafford became only the fourth quarterback to pass for 5,000 yards in a season , and his 5,038 yards passing are 5th-most in NFL history ( though only 3rd in the 2011 NFL season ) .   The 474 points that the Lions scored in 2011 are the most in franchise history , and only the second time that the team had scored 400 + points in a season .

neg: List of National Football League rushing champions In American football , running ( also referred to as rushing ) is , along with passing , one of the two main methods of advancing the ball down the field . A running play generally occurs when the quarterback hands or tosses the ball backwards to the running back , but other players , such as the quarterback , can run with the ball . In the National Football League ( NFL ) , the player who has recorded the most rushing yards for a season is considered the winner of the rushing title for that season . In addition to the NFL rushing champion , league record books recognize the rushing champions of the American Football League ( AFL ) , which operated from 1960 to 1969 before being absorbed into the National Football League in 1970 .   The NFL did not begin keeping official records until the 1932 season . The average amount of yardage the rushing champion has gained has increased over time -- since the adoption of the 14-game season in 1961 , all but two rushing champions have recorded over 1,000 yards rushing , and the adoption of the 16-game season in 1978 has resulted in many rushing champions recording over 1,500 rushing yards . Seven rushing champions have recorded over 2,000 rushing yards , a feat first accomplished by O. J. Simpson in 1973 and most recently accomplished by Adrian Peterson in 2012 .   The player with the most rushing titles is Jim Brown , who was the rushing champion eight times over his career . Eric Dickerson , Emmitt Smith , O. J. Simpson , Steve Van Buren , and Barry Sanders are tied for the second-most rushing titles , each having won four times . Jim Brown also holds the record for the most consecutive rushing titles with five , having led the league in rushing each year from 1957 to 1961 . Steve Van Buren , Emmitt Smith , and Earl Campbell each recorded three consecutive rushing titles . The Cleveland Browns have recorded the most rushing titles with eleven ; the Chicago Bears rank second , with six rushing titles . The most recent rushing champion is Dallas ' Ezekiel Elliott , who led the league with 1,631 yards rushing over the 2016 season .

neg: Adrian Burk Adrian Matthew Burk ( December 14 , 1927 -- July 7 , 2003 ) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Baltimore Colts and Philadelphia Eagles . After his playing career he served as an official .

neg: Milt Plum Milton Ross Plum ( born January 20 , 1935 ) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Cleveland Browns ( 1957 -- 61 ) , Detroit Lions ( 1962 -- 67 ) , Los Angeles Rams ( 1968 ) and New York Giants ( 1969 ) of the National Football League .

neg: 1997 NFL season The 1997 NFL season was the 78th regular season of the National Football League . The Oilers relocated from Houston , Texas to Nashville , Tennessee . The newly renamed Tennessee Oilers played their home games during this season at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis , Tennessee while a new stadium in Nashville began construction . Houston would rejoin the NFL with the expansion Texans in 2002 .   This was the last season to date that TNT broadcast NFL games , as well as the last for NBC until 2006 . When the TV contracts were renewed near the end of the season , Fox retained the National Football Conference package , CBS took over the American Football Conference package and ESPN won the right to televise all of the Sunday night games .   Due to Game 7 of the 1997 World Series , the Chicago Bears -- Miami Dolphins game at Pro Player Stadium was delayed one day to Monday , October 27 .   The Denver Broncos and Tampa Bay Buccaneers both changed their uniforms , and the new uniforms for both teams were introduced during this season .   The season ended with Super Bowl XXXII when the Denver Broncos defeated the Green Bay Packers 31-24 at the Qualcomm Stadium . This broke the National Football Conference 's streak of 13 consecutive Super Bowl victories .

neg: History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games .   American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States .   The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon .   The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .

neg: 2014 College Football All-America Team The 2014 College Football All-America Team includes those players of American college football who have been honored by various selector organizations as the best players at their respective positions . The selector organizations award the `` All-America '' honor annually following the conclusion of the fall college football season . The original All-America team was the 1889 College Football All-America Team selected by Caspar Whitney and Walter Camp . In 1950 , the National Collegiate Athletic Bureau , which is the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) service bureau , compiled the first list of All-Americans including first-team selections on teams created for a national audience that received national circulation with the intent of recognizing selections made from viewpoints that were nationwide . Since 1957 , College Sports Information Directors of America ( CoSIDA ) has bestowed Academic All-American recognition on male and female athletes in Divisions I , II , and III of the NCAA as well as National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics athletes , covering all NCAA championship sports .   The 2014 College Football All-America Team is composed of the following College Football All-American first teams chosen by the following selector organizations : Associated Press ( AP ) , Football Writers Association of America ( FWAA ) , American Football Coaches Association ( AFCA ) , Walter Camp Foundation ( WCFF ) , The Sporting News ( TSN ) , Sports Illustrated ( SI ) , USA Today ( USAT ) ESPN , CBS Sports ( CBS ) , College Football News ( CFN ) , Scout.com , and Yahoo! Sports ( Yahoo! ) .   Currently , the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I-FBS football and Division I men 's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources . The system consists of three points for a first-team honor , two points for second-team honor , and one point for third-team honor . Honorable mention and fourth team or lower recognitions are not accorded any points . Football consensus teams are compiled by position and the player accumulating the most points at each position is named first team consensus all-American . Currently , the NCAA recognizes All-Americans selected by the AP , AFCA , FWAA , TSN , and the WCFF to determine Consensus and Unanimous All-Americans .   In 2014 , there were 12 unanimous All-Americans .

neg: List of Kansas City Chiefs starting quarterbacks The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team based in Kansas City , Missouri . The Chiefs are a member of the Western Division of the American Football Conference in the National Football League ( NFL ) . Originally named the Dallas Texans , the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League . In 1963 , the team moved to Kansas City , Missouri and were renamed the Kansas City Chiefs .   The Chiefs have had 33 starting quarterbacks in their franchise 's history . Cotton Davidson was the team 's first starting quarterback ; he played all 14 games for the Texans in their inaugural 1960 season . Davidson played with the franchise from 1960 to 1962 , and was traded in 1963 to the Oakland Raiders . Len Dawson signed with on July 2 , 1962 and played for the franchise for 14 seasons . With Dawson as the team 's starter , the Texans/Chiefs won three American Football League championships and appeared in two Super Bowl championship games . Dawson was named Most Valuable Player after the Chiefs ' victory in Super Bowl IV and retired in 1975 with several franchise records . Three future Pro Football Hall of Fame enshrinees played for Kansas City : Dawson , Joe Montana , and Warren Moon . In the 2008 season , the Chiefs started three quarterbacks : Brodie Croyle , Damon Huard , and Tyler Thigpen . After Croyle and Huard were sidelined by injuries , Thigpen played in eleven games , winning one and losing ten . In 2009 and 2010 , Matt Cassel started 15 of 16 games each season , while Croyle started the other 2 games .

neg: 1994 Denver Broncos season The Denver Broncos season was the team 's 35th year in professional football and its 25th with the National Football League . The season would be noted for being the final year that Wade Phillips was head coach .