query: Slovenia is a member of the European Union.

pos: Slovenia Slovenia ( -LSB- sloʊˈviːniə , _ slə - , _ - njə -RSB- ; Slovenija -LSB- slɔˈʋéːnija -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : , abbr. : RS ) , is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers 20,273 km2 and has a population of 2.06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana .   The territory is mostly mountainous with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral that has a sub-Mediterranean climate and the north-western area that has an Alpine climate . Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Over half of the territory is covered by forest . The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven .   Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of South Slavic , Germanic , Romance , and Hungarian languages and culture . Although the population is not homogeneous , the majority is Slovene . South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country . Slovenia is a largely secularized country , but its culture and identity have been significantly influenced by Catholicism as well as Lutheranism . The economy of Slovenia is small , open , and export-oriented and has been strongly influenced by international conditions . It has been severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis , started in the late 2000s . The main economic field is services , followed by industry and construction .   Historically , the current territory of Slovenia was part of many different state formations , including the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire , followed by the Habsburg Monarchy . In October 1918 , the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs . In December 1918 , they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . During World War II , Slovenia was occupied and annexed by Germany , Italy , and Hungary , with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia , a Nazi puppet state . Afterward , it was a founding member of the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia , later renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , a communist state which was the only country in the Eastern Bloc which was never part of the Warsaw Pact . In June 1991 , after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy , Slovenia split from Yugoslavia and became an independent country . In 2004 , it entered NATO and the European Union ; in 2007 became the first formerly communist country to join the Eurozone ; and in 2010 joined the OECD , a global association of high-income developed countries .

neg: Japan–European Union relations Japan and the European Union ( EU ) date back to 1959 . They share common values and have a strong trade relationship , particularly in investment flows .

neg: Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands .   The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard .   The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) .   The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .

neg: Brotherhood and unity Brotherhood and unity was a popular slogan of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia that was coined during the Yugoslav People 's Liberation War ( 1941 -- 45 ) , and which evolved into a guiding principle of Yugoslavia 's post-war inter-ethnic policy . In Slovenia , the slogan `` Brotherhood and Peace '' ( bratstvo i mir ) was used in the beginning .   After the invasion of Yugoslavia by Axis forces in April 1941 , the occupying powers and their helpers sought to systematically incite hatred among the many national , ethnic and religious groups of Yugoslavia . The Yugoslav Communist Party successfully publicized the brotherhood and unity of Yugoslavia 's nations ( narodi ) and national minorities ( nacionalne manjine , later renamed to narodnosti ) in their struggle against the fascist enemy and domestic collaborators . The decision of the second session of AVNOJ on the federalization of Yugoslavia in 1943 was regarded as the recognition of this Brotherhood and Unity principle .   After the war , the slogan designated the official policy of inter-ethnic relations in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , as embodied in its federal constitutions of 1963 and of 1974 . The policy prescribed that Yugoslavia 's nations ( Serbs , Macedonians , Croats , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Muslims ) and national minorities ( Albanians , Hungarians , Romanians , Bulgarians , Jews , Italians , and others ) are equal groups that coexist peacefully in the federation , promoting their similarities and interdependence in order to overcome national conflicts and hatred . Every individual was entitled to the expression of their own culture , while the ethnic groups had an oath to one another to maintain peaceful relations . Citizens were also encouraged and allowed to declare their nationality as Yugoslav , which usually polled at 10 % . The policy also led to the adoption of national quota systems in all public institutions , including economic organizations , in which national groups were represented by their republic 's or province 's national composition .   Throughout Yugoslavia many factories , schools , public venues , folklore ensembles and sporting teams used to be named `` Brotherhood and unity '' , as well as the Ljubljana-Zagreb-Beograd-Skopje highway ( Highway `` Brotherhood and Unity '' ) . The country had a decoration called the Order of the Brotherhood and Unity .   Several prominent persons from former Yugoslavia were convicted for activities deemed to threaten the brotherhood and unity , such as acts of chauvinist propaganda , separatism and irredentism . Among the convicts were the former presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Alija Izetbegović ) and Croatia ( Franjo Tuđman and Stjepan Mesić ) , Croatian army general of Albanian descent Rahim Ademi and many others . One Kosovo Albanian , Adem Demaçi , was imprisoned for almost 30 years for allegations of espionage and irredentism .

neg: Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement The Ukraine -- European Union Association Agreement is a European Union Association Agreement between the European Union ( EU ) , Euratom , Ukraine and the EU 's 28 member states ( which are separate parties in addition to the EU and Euratom ) . It establishes a political and economic association between the parties . The agreement has not entered into force , but parts are applied provisionally . The parties committed to co-operate and converge economic policy , legislation , and regulation across a broad range of areas , including equal rights for workers , steps towards visa-free movement of people , the exchange of information and staff in the area of justice , the modernisation of Ukraine 's energy infrastructure , and access to the European Investment Bank . The parties committed to regular summit meetings , and meetings among ministers , other officials , and experts . The agreement furthermore establishes a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between the parties .   The agreement commits Ukraine to economic , judicial , and financial reforms to converge its policies and legislation to those of the European Union . Ukraine commits to gradually conform to EU technical and consumer standards . The EU agrees to provide Ukraine with political and financial support , access to research and knowledge , and preferential access to EU markets . The agreement commits both parties to promote a gradual convergence toward the EU 's Common Security and Defence Policy and European Defence Agency policies .   The agreement comes after more than two decades in which both parties sought to establish closer ties with each other . On the one hand , the European Union wants to ensure that its imports of grain and natural gas from Ukraine , as well as its exports of goods to Ukraine , are not threatened by instability in the region , believing that instability could eventually be reduced through sociopolitical and economic reforms in Ukraine . Ukraine , on the other hand , wants to increase its exports by benefiting from free trade with the European Union while attracting desirable external investments , as well as establishing closer ties with a sociopolitical entity to which many Ukrainians feel strong cultural connection . Western Ukraine is found to be generally more enthusiastic about EU membership than Eastern Ukraine .   The political provisions of the treaty were signed on 21 March 2014 after a series of events that had stalled its ratification culminated in a revolution in Ukraine and overthrow of the then incumbent President of Ukraine , Viktor Yanukovych . This ousting was sparked by Yanukovych 's refusal to sign the agreement . Russia , Ukraine 's second largest trading partner , instead presented an association with the existing Customs Union of Russia , Belarus , and Kazakhstan as an alternative . After 21 March 2014 matters relating to trade integration were temporarily set aside ( awaiting the results of the 25 May 2014 Ukrainian presidential elections ) until the European Union and the new Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko signed the economic part of the Ukraine -- European Union Association Agreement on 27 June 2014 , and described this as Ukraine 's `` first but most decisive step '' towards EU membership .   As of January 2016 the Agreement has been applied provisionally ( Titles III , V , VI and VII , and the related Annexes and Protocols have been provisionally applied since 1 November 2014 , while Title IV has been applied from 1 January 2016 ) . , as far as the provisions concern EU competences . Provisions shall formally come into force upon ratification of the Agreement by all signatories .

neg: National Council (Slovenia) The National Council ( Državni svet ) is according to the Constitution of Slovenia the representative of social , economic , professional and local interest groups in Slovenia and has a legislative function working as a corrective mechanism of the National Assembly , although it does not itself pass acts . It may be regarded as the upper house , but the bicameralism is distinctively incomplete . The council has 40 members : 22 representatives of local interests , six representatives of non-commercial activities , four representatives of employers , four of employees and four representatives of farmers , crafts , trades and independent professionals . It is not elected directly by the population , but meant to represent different interest groups in the country . The councillors are elected for a five-year term .   The current President of the National Council is Mitja Bervar from 12 December 2012 .

neg: Croatia–Slovenia relations Croatia -- Slovenia relations are foreign relations between Croatia and Slovenia . Croatia has an embassy in Ljubljana and two honorary consulates in Maribor and Koper . Slovenia has an embassy in Zagreb and an honorary consulate in Split . The countries share 670 km of common border . Relations between Slovenia and Croatia have been friendly , but burdened with a series of unresolved border and other disputes .

neg: Politics of Andorra The politics of Andorra take place in a framework of a parliamentary constitutional diarchy , and a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government , with the Head of Government of Andorra as chief executive . Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature .   Before 1993 , Andorra 's political system had no clear division of powers into executive , legislative , and judicial branches . A constitution ratified and approved in 1993 establishes Andorra as a sovereign parliamentary democracy that retains the President of France and Bishop of Urgell as co-princes and heads of state . However , the head of government retains executive power . The two co-princes serve coequally with limited powers that do not include an individual veto over government acts ( however , a bill can in effect be `` vetoed '' if both do not sign the legislation ) . They are each represented in Andorra by a personal representative .   The fundamental impetus for this political transformation was a recommendation by the Council of Europe in 1990 that , if Andorra wished to attain full integration in the European Union ( EU ) , it should adopt a modern constitution that guarantees the rights of those living and working there . A Tripartite Commission -- made up of representatives of the co-princes , the General Council , and the Executive Council -- was formed in 1990 and finalized the draft constitution in April 1991 , making the new constitution a fact .   One remaining , though symbolic , legacy of Andorra 's special relationship with France and Spain , is that the Principality has no postal service of its own -- French and Spanish postal services operate side by side , although each of them issues separate stamps for Andorra , instead of using their own .

neg: Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . ''   The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) .   Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council .   The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies .   France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations .   France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .

neg: Ski Association of Slovenia The Ski Association of Slovenia ( Smučarska Zveza Slovenije ) is an organization devoted to skiing in Slovenia . Headquartered in Ljubljana , it is the national representative of the International Ski Federation .   Founded in 1948 , it covers the skiing disciplines of alpine , cross country , Nordic combined , ski jumping , and snowboarding .   The current president is Enzo Smrekar .

neg: Eurosystem The Eurosystem is the monetary authority of the eurozone , the collective of European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency . The ECB has , under Article 16 of its Statute , the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes . Member states can issue euro coins , but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand .   The Eurosystem consists of the European Central Bank and the national central banks ( NCB ) of the 19 member states that are part of the eurozone . The national central banks apply the monetary policy of the ECB . The primary objective of the Eurosystem is price stability . Secondary objectives are financial stability and financial integration . The mission statement of the Eurosystem says that the ECB and the national central banks jointly contribute to achieving the objectives .   The Eurosystem is independent . When performing Eurosystem-related tasks , neither the ECB , nor an NCB , nor any member of their decision-making bodies may seek or take instructions from any external body . The Community institutions and bodies and the governments of the member states may not seek to influence the members of the decision-making bodies of the ECB or of the NCBs in the performance of their tasks .   The Eurosystem is distinct from the European System of Central Banks ( ESCB ) , which comprises the ECB and the central banks of all European Union member states , including those that are not part of the eurozone .

neg: Montenegro and the euro Montenegro has no currency of its own . From 1996 the Deutsche Mark was the de facto currency in all private and banking transactions and it was formally adopted as Montenegro 's currency in November 1999 . The mark was replaced by the euro in 2002 without any objections from the European Central Bank ( ECB ) .   The European Commission and the ECB have since voiced their discontent over Montenegro 's unilateral use of the euro on several occasions , with Amelia Torres , a spokesperson for the European Commission , saying `` The conditions for the adoption of the euro are clear . That means , first and foremost , to be a member of the EU . '' A statement attached to their Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU read : `` unilateral introduction of the euro was not compatible with the Treaty . ''   The EU insists on the strict adherence to convergence criteria ( such as spending at least 2 years in the ERMII system ) which are not negotiable before euro adoption , but have not intervened to stop the unilateral use of the euro by Montenegro . The EU has raised concerns of Montenegro 's state debt , which had risen to 57 percent of GDP by 2011 .   Officials from the Central Bank of Montenegro have indicated on several occasions that the European institutions do expect them to strictly follow ERM rules , particularly because of their EU accession process . Nikola Fabris , chief economist of the Central Bank of Montenegro , has said that the situation was different when they adopted the euro , and that other states which were considering unilaterally adopting the euro , such as Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina , would face sanctions from the EU and have their accession process suspended if they went ahead .   On 17 December 2010 Montenegro was granted candidate status to join the European Union . The issue is expected to be resolved through the negotiations process . The ECB has stated that the implications of unilateral euro adoption `` would be spelled out at the latest in the event of possible negotiations on EU accession . '' Diplomats have suggested that it is unlikely Montenegro will be forced to withdraw the euro from circulation in their country . Radoje Žugić , Montenegro 's Minister of Finance , has stated that `` it would be extremely economically irrational to return to our own currency and then later to again go back to the euro . '' Instead , he hopes that Montenegro will be permitted to keep the euro and has promised `` the government of Montenegro will adopt some certain elements which should fulfil the conditions for further use of the euro , such as adopting fiscal rules . ''   Unlike official members of the eurozone , Montenegro does not mint coins and therefore has no distinctive national design .

neg: List of members of the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2004–09 This is the list of the 7 members of the European Parliament for Slovenia in the 2004 to 2009 session .

neg: Platform of European Memory and Conscience The Platform of European Memory and Conscience is an educational project of the European Union bringing together government institutions and NGOs from EU countries active in research , documentation , awareness raising and education about the crimes of totalitarian regimes . Its membership include 55 government agencies and NGOs from 13 EU member states as well as from the United States , such as the Institute of National Remembrance , the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial , the Stasi Records Agency and the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation . The platform has offices in Prague and Brussels .   The platform was founded in Prague on the occasion of the summit of Prime Ministers of the Visegrád Group on 14 October 2011 . The signing ceremony took place in the Lichtenstein Palace under the auspices of Czech Prime Minister Petr Nečas , Polish Prime Minister and President of the European Council Donald Tusk , and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán . Its goal is described as helping `` prevent intolerance , extremism , anti-democratic movements and the recurrence of any totalitarian rule in the future . ''   The initiative was originally proposed by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes and the Government of the Czech Republic , and the 2008 Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism ; on 2 April 2009 , the European Parliament passed a resolution in favour of the initiative , and in June 2009 , the Council of the European Union welcomed the initiative . The Platform of European Memory and Conscience was founded as an initiative of the Polish EU presidency in 2011 , after the project had been promoted by the Czech EU presidency already in 2009 and by the Hungarian EU presidency in 2011 . The secretariat of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience was originally hosted by the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes , and the platform has received a strategic grant from the International Visegrád Fund . The founding institutions included government agencies of the Czech Republic , Poland , Germany , Hungary , Romania , Lithuania , Estonia , and Latvia , as well as several NGOs . The organisation 's strategic partners include the International Visegrád Fund and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation . The motto of the platform is `` democracy matters . ''

neg: Treaty of Accession 1985 The Treaty of Accession 1985 was the agreement between the member states of the European Communities , Spain and Portugal , concerning these countries ' accession into the EC . It entered into force on 1 January 1986 . The Treaty arranged accession of Spain and Portugal to the EC and amended earlier treaties of the European Communities . As such it is an integral part of the constitutional basis of the European Union .

neg: Member states of the Council of Europe The Council of Europe has 47 member states . It was founded on 5 May 1949 by ten Western and Northern European states , with Greece and Turkey joining three months later , and Iceland and West Germany following suit the next year . It now has 47 member states , with Montenegro being the latest to join .   Article 4 of the Council of Europe Statute specifies that membership is open to any European country , provided they meet specific democratic and human rights standards . Nearly all European states have acceded to the Council of Europe , with the exception of Belarus , the Vatican City , predominantly Central Asian Kazakhstan , as well as some of the states with limited recognition .   __ TOC __

neg: India–European Union relations The Republic of India maintains an ongoing dialogue with the supranational Institutions of the European Union which is separate from the bilateral relations with sovereign member States of the European Union .   In Asia the positive public perception of Europe is highest in India .   India , the world 's most populous democracy , has strategic partnerships with France , the United Kingdom and Germany .   The foremost areas of programmed India-EU-28 cooperation are in the domains of education , cultural exchanges , joint-research in science & technologies , and law enforcement .

neg: Supranational union A supranational union is a type of multinational political union where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states . The concept of supranational union is sometimes used to describe the European Union ( EU ) , as a new type of political entity . The EU is the only entity which provides for international popular elections , going beyond the level of political integration normally afforded by international treaty . The term `` supranational '' is sometimes used in a loose , undefined sense in other contexts , sometimes as a substitute for international , transnational or global . Another method of decision-making in international organisations is intergovernmentalism , in which state governments play a more prominent role .

neg: LGBT rights in Croatia Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Croatia have expanded in recent years but LGBT persons may still face some legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents . Both male and female same-sex sexual activity has been legal in Croatia since 1977 .   The status of same-sex relationships were first formally recognized in 2003 under a law dealing with unregistered cohabitations . As a result of a 2013 referendum , Croatia 's Constitution defines marriage solely as a union between a man and a woman , effectively reinforcing the prohibition on same-sex marriage . Nevertheless , since the introduction of the Life Partnership Act in 2014 , same-sex couples in Croatia have effectively enjoyed rights equal to heterosexual married couples in everything except adoption rights . However , separate legislation does provide same-sex couples with an mechanism similar to step-child adoption called `` partner-guardianship '' . Croatia bans all discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation , gender identity and gender expression .   Centre-left , centre , and green political parties have generally been the main proponents of LGBT rights , while right-wing , centre-right political parties and movements close to the Roman Catholic Church have been in opposition to the extension of rights .   In 2015 , the International Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual , Trans and Intersex Association ( ILGA ) ranked Croatia 5th in terms of LGBT rights out of 49 observed European countries , which represented an improvement compared to the previous year 's position of 12th place . Croatia is among 11 member countries that make up a LGBT Core Group at U.N. on Ending Violence and Discrimination .

neg: Ukraine–European Union relations Relations between Ukraine and the European Union ( EU ) are currently shaped through the European Neighbourhood Policy ( ENP ) , a foreign policy instrument of the EU designed for the countries it borders .  The EU is seeking an increasingly close relationship with Ukraine , going beyond co-operation , to gradual economic integration and deepening of political co-operation . Ukraine is a priority partner within the ENP .   In 2012 , the EU initialled deals on free trade and political association with Ukraine ; however , EU leaders stated that these agreements would not be ratified unless Ukraine addresses concerns over a `` stark deterioration of democracy and the rule of law '' , including the imprisonment of Yulia Tymoshenko and Yuriy Lutsenko in 2011 and 2012 . Deadlines were set for Ukraine to carry out the required changes to its justice and electoral systems in order to enable the formal signing of their agreements with the EU in Vilnius on 29 November 2013 . But although the then Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych had urged the Ukrainian parliament to adopt laws so that Ukraine could meet the EU 's criteria , the Ukrainian government suspended preparations for signing the association agreement on 21 November 2013 . Yanukovych still attended the aforementioned EU summit in Vilnius on 28 -- 29 November 2013 where the association agreement was originally planned to be signed but it was not . The decision to put off signing the association agreement led to pro-EU Euromaidan movement . These led to the removal of Yanukovych and his government by parliament after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution in February 2014 . Since then , Ukraine has been striving towards integration into the European Union whilst the eastern part of the county has been engaged in pro-Russian unrest , opposing the Euromaidan movement .   The political part of the Association Agreement was signed on 21 March 2014 by the new Prime Minister , Arseniy Yatsenyuk . Meanwhile , the EU has attempted to stabilize Ukraine by freezing assets of allegedly corrupt Russians and Ukrainians and by granting financial aid to Ukraine . The economic part of the Ukraine -- European Union Association Agreement was signed on 27 June 2014 by the new President , Petro Poroshenko , who described this as Ukraine 's `` first but most decisive step '' towards EU membership . Poroshenko also set 2020 as a target for an EU membership application . On January 1 , 2016 , Ukraine joined the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the EU .

neg: Telecommunications in the European Union Telecommunications in the European Union may refer to telecommunications in the 28 Member States of the European Union :   Telecommunications in Austria  Telecommunications in Belgium  Telecommunications in Bulgaria  Telecommunications in Croatia  Telecommunications in Cyprus  Telecommunications in the Czech Republic  Telecommunications in Denmark  Telecommunications in Estonia  Telecommunications in Finland  Telecommunications in France  Telecommunications in Germany  Telecommunications in Greece  Telecommunications in Hungary  Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland  Telecommunications in Italy  Telecommunications in Latvia  Telecommunications in Lithuania  Telecommunications in Luxembourg  Telecommunications in Malta  Telecommunications in the Netherlands  Telecommunications in Poland  Telecommunications in Portugal  Telecommunications in Romania  Telecommunications in Slovakia  Telecommunications in Slovenia  Telecommunications in Spain  Telecommunications in Sweden  Telecommunications in the United Kingdom


query: Dracula was a written work.

pos: Dracula Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker . It introduced the famous character Count Dracula and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy . The novel tells the story of Dracula 's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse , and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and women led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing .   Dracula has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature , horror fiction , the gothic novel , and invasion literature . The novel has spawned numerous theatrical , film , and television interpretations .

neg: Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women .   After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' .   Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music .   Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .

neg: Dracula - Swing of Death Dracula - Swing of Death is a rock opera concept album released by Norwegian musicians , singer Jørn Lande and guitarist Trond Holter . It is based in the storyline of Bram Stoker 's Dracula .   The whole album was performed live on 1 May 2015 at the Karmoygeddon Festival in Norway , with all musicians who played on the record .

neg: Pan Book of Horror Stories The Pan Book of Horror Stories was a paperback series of short horror story anthologies published by Pan Books Ltd. . The series ran to thirty volumes , the first published in 1959 .   The series was initially collected and edited by Herbert Van Thal . On Van Thal 's death Clarence Paget edited the series , from volume twenty-six until its demise with volume thirty in 1989 .   The early editions of the Pan Book of Horror Stories were notable for their lurid cover art and Van Thal 's introduction of stories by new authors alongside classics of the genre . The first edition included works by Peter Fleming , Muriel Spark , Bram Stoker and C. S. Forester . Later volumes featured Ray Bradbury and Lord Dunsany among others . Basil Copper made his debut in fifth volume , with the story `` The Spider '' . The series also published work by Charles Birkin , R. Chetwynd-Hayes and Alex Hamilton . After volume nine , Van Thal placed a heavier reliance on new authors . The series grew in popularity and was the stepping stone for much new talent . In the 1970s , the increasingly violent content of the Pan Books provoked some controversy . In the early eighties a slow decline in standards was observed . Popularity rose again in the late eighties but a multitude of reprint stories from Stephen King and a severe slide in quality ended the iconic series in 1989 . The last book is now a rare collectors item , due to the small print run it received .   A U.S Edition of the first Pan book was released by Gold Medal , an imprint of Fawcett Publications and books 3 - 5 were released by Berkley Medallion . While the first book was complete in its contents - the other three books gave only a small selection of its UK counterparts . There is no evidence to support PBoH # 2 ever having a US release .   Screaming Terror published under the Arthur Baker imprint is a collection from the first three Pan Book of Horror Stories and is also edited by Herbert Van Thal .

neg: Dracula's Shadow – The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution Dracula 's Shadow -- The Real Story Behind the Romanian Revolution is a new documentary film that reveals the secret mission from Canada in March 1989 to tape a clandestine TV interview with Romania 's biggest dissident , László Tőkés , that would later spark the Romanian Revolution .   Two French-Canadians - Michel Clair ( a former Cabinet Minister in the Parti Québecois ) and Réjean Roy ( a reporter for Radio-Canada ) worked together with Tőkés ' brother - István - who was living in Montreal to help set up the trip . The mission succeeded , and the tapes of the interview got out to the West with the aid of underground couriers just before Clair and Roy were arrested by the Romanian secret police ( Securitate ) . The two Canadians were eventually released . That interview was then first broadcast on July 24 , 1989 , on the `` Panoráma '' TV show on Hungarian State TV ( MTV ) which could also be seen in western Romania .   In the interview László Tőkés , a member of Romania 's large Hungarian minority , criticized the harsh living conditions in the country and the discriminatory policies against national minorities pursued by Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu . Because of the interview Tőkés was fired and after several court challenges was given the final deadline of Friday , Dec. 15 , 1989 to leave his church . On the previous Sunday - Sunday , Dec. 10 - Tőkés told his parishioners to come out on the Friday to bear witness as to what will happen . Instead , first dozens , then hundreds and eventually thousands of people came out and surroundeded his church to protect Tőkés from advancing Securitate and military . By the evening of Dec. 16 fighting broke out outside Tőkés ' church that then spread across the city and then across the country .   The film reveals how the Securitate was initially outfoxed , uncovers information from Securitate archives in Bucharest about attempts by Ceausescu to silence Tőkés , and talks about informers working for the Securitate . It also has an extensive interview with former Securitate Major Radu Tinu who was responsible for Tőkés .   Today László Tőkés is a member of the European Parliament .   The world premiere of the cinema version of the film will be in Timişoara on Dec. 15 , 2009 , on the 20th anniversary of the Romanian Revolution . Hungary 's DUNA-TV will also broadcast a 52-minute version on Dec. 15 .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism .   In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .

neg: Dracula 2012 Dracula 2012 ( released in Tamil as Naangam Pirai and in Telugu as Punnami Ratri ) is a 2013 Indian 3-D horror film directed by Vinayan , starring Sudheer Sukumaran , Prabhu , Monal Gajjar , Nassar , Shraddha Das and Thilakan . The film was shot in the Malayalam , Telugu , and Tamil languages simultaneously , with additional scenes and songs featuring Tamil and Telugu actors . The film was dubbed in English for a Western release and later dubbed in Hindi as `` Aur Ek Dracula '' . Portions of the film were shot in Bran Castle in Romania . The cost of the film was 120 million and was originally released on 8 February 2013 .

neg: Nosferatu (Helstar album) Nosferatu is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Helstar . The first half of the album follows a storyline based on the Bram Stoker novel Dracula . It is the last album recorded by the band before going on hiatus , until reforming in 1995 .

neg: Medieval literature Medieval literature is a broad subject , encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages ( that is , the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca . AD 500 to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century ) . The literature of this time was composed of religious writings as well as secular works . Just as in modern literature , it is a complex and rich field of study , from the utterly sacred to the exuberantly profane , touching all points in-between . Works of literature are often grouped by place of origin , language , and genre .

neg: Juha K. Tapio Juha K. Tapio ( born October 17 , 1957 ) is a Finnish writer and critic whose only novel , Frankensteinin muistikirja ( Frankenstein 's Notebook , 1996 ; no foreign translations thus far have been published ) was awarded the Helsingin Sanomat Literary Prize for the best Finnish first novel of 1996 . The novel is a metafiction written as a kind of sequel to Mary Shelley 's novel Frankenstein or , the Modern Prometheus ( 1818 ) .   Tapio 's novel begins in Paris in the 1920s , where two American expatriate writers , Gertrud Stein and Ernst Hemingway ( the misspelling of the names is intentional ) come across a strange manuscript , which appears to be a diary written by the monster created by Victor Frankenstein . They discover that the writer of the diary is currently living in Paris under the name Frank Stein . Their curiosity aroused , they arrange a meeting with Mr. Stein , who appears to be a rather amiable elderly gentleman , if somewhat rough-hewn in outward appearance - there is nothing monstrous about him at first sight .   The `` monster '' then tells the two writers his own story after having fled his father 's castle ; here the narrative mirrors the tale-within-tale structure of Shelley 's original , inserting the monster 's narrative into the main frame of the plot as a series of diary excerpts , whereas Shelley 's novel uses a letter-novel format . The `` monster , '' who is perhaps immortal , perhaps not ( as practically everything else in the novel , this fact is clouded in uncertainty ) , relates his adventures through Europe in the 19th century , commenting on his way on the continent 's political , economical and intellectual turmoil in that troubled century , as well as his own moral progress .   The main theme of the book is the complex relation and interchange between fact and fiction , original and copy , normality and abnormality ( or even monstrosity ) . Another important theme is the nature of human identity . Moreover , the whole concept of originality in art and literature is questioned , as basically everything in human culture , including art , is tradition-based and thus indebted to various traditions , a kind of joint effort - whereas Western media and the press have always tended to emphasize the sovereignty of the individual artist/writer as a master of his/her own creation . Indeed , it would perhaps be more appropriate to think of the writer as a kind of receptacle , catalyst and organizer of a common meme-pool . As with Frankenstein 's monster , who was put together piecemeal from dead body parts and then re-called to life , a work of art is also put together of hitherto unrelated `` dead '' elements , which together may form something new , vital , and unique .   In the novel , the point of view of the visual artist is dealt with using the character of Pablo Picasso and his more or less `` monstrous '' paintings .   Tapio has also published a handful of short stories in the Finnish science fiction and fantasy magazine Portti .

neg: Dracula 5: The Blood Legacy Dracula 5 : The Blood Legacy is a 2013 point-and-click adventure video game developed by Koalabs Studio for Microsoft Windows , iOS , Android and OS X . It was published on all systems by Microïds . In 2014 , the game was released on GOG.com and Steam , bundled with its prequel , Dracula 4 : The Shadow of the Dragon .   The game follows 2000 's Dracula : Resurrection and Dracula : The Last Sanctuary , 2008 's Dracula 3 : The Path of the Dragon and 2013 's Dracula 4 : The Shadow of the Dragon . The plot is unrelated to Resurrection and Last Sanctuary , but is instead the second of a two-part loose sequel to Path of the Dragon , continuing the story of Metropolitan Museum of Art art restorer Ellen Cross and her investigation into a mysterious portrait of Dracula . Ellen 's journey leads her from New York to Istanbul to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone , bringing her into contact with an ancient secret society founded by Vlad Tepes ' brother Radu , and placing her in the middle of a 500-year-old conflict between the society and Dracula 's followers .   The Blood Legacy received very little attention in the mainstream gaming press , with limited coverage from professional critics , and what reviews it did receive were negative . As with Shadow of the Dragon , the biggest criticism of the game was its length , but critics were also unimpressed with the plot , the graphics , and the identical gameplay to the previous game .

neg: Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury .   In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal .   As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .

neg: Pseudepigrapha Pseudepigrapha ( also anglicized as `` pseudepigraph '' or `` pseudepigraphs '' ) are falsely-attributed works , texts whose claimed author is not the true author , or a work whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past . Pseudepigraphy covers the false ascription of names of authors to works , even to authentic works that make no such claim within their text . Thus a widely accepted but incorrect attribution of authorship may make a completely authentic text pseudepigraphical . Assessing the actual writer of a text locates questions of pseudepigraphical attribution within the discipline of literary criticism .   In biblical studies , the term pseudepigrapha typically refers to an assorted collection of Jewish religious works thought to be written c 300 BC to 300 AD . They are distinguished by Protestants from the Deuterocanonical books ( Catholic and Orthodox ) or Apocrypha ( Protestant ) , the books that appear in extant copies of the Septuagint from the fourth century on , and the Vulgate but not in the Hebrew Bible or in Protestant Bibles . The Catholic Church distinguishes only between the deuterocanonical and all the other books , that are called biblical apocrypha , a name that is also used for the pseudepigrapha in the Catholic usage . In addition , two books considered canonical in the Orthodox Tewahedo churches , viz . Book of Enoch and Book of Jubilees , are categorized as pseudepigrapha from the point of view of Chalcedonian Christianity .

neg: Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants .   By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .

neg: Faust Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend . He is a scholar who is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life , which leads him to make a pact with the Devil , exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures . The Faust legend has been the basis for many literary , artistic , cinematic , and musical works that have reinterpreted it through the ages . `` Faust '' and the adjective  `` Faustian '' imply a situation in which an ambitious person surrenders moral integrity in order to achieve power and success for a delimited term .   The Faust of early books -- as well as the ballads , dramas , movies , and puppet-plays which grew out of them -- is irrevocably damned because he prefers human to divine knowledge ; `` he laid the Holy Scriptures behind the door and under the bench , refused to be called doctor of Theology , but preferred to be styled doctor of Medicine '' . Plays and comic puppet theatre loosely based on this legend were popular throughout Germany in the 16th century , often reducing Faust and Mephistopheles to figures of vulgar fun . The story was popularised in England by Christopher Marlowe , who gave it a classic treatment in his play , The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus ( of which the date for publication is debated , but was likely around 1587 ) . In Goethe 's reworking of the story two hundred years later , Faust becomes a dissatisfied intellectual who yearns for `` more than earthly meat and drink '' in his life .

neg: Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings .   The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . ''   Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy .   Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . ''   The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque .   Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories .   The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''

neg: Pegarty Long Pegarty Long ( born August 17 , 1940 in New York City , New York ) is a film producer and director , best known for the campy horror movie An Irish Vampire in Hollywood ( 2007 ) and the experimental film Incision ( 1999 ) . She runs Raven Productions ( in Venice , CA ) , a production company for film and literature , whose catalogue includes these poetry books : `` The Prose and Poetry of John Thomas , `` The Collected Poems of Philomene Long , '' `` Memoirs of a Nun on Fire , '' and `` Bukowski in the Bathtub , '' about Charles Bukowski Pegarty lives in Venice , California .   She is the twin sister of the poet Philomene Long .   Reviews of An Irish Vampire in Hollywood  Winner Best Film Score The International Moondance Film Festival .  `` Utterly fantastic ! Most cinema is boring . This film is different , creative and artistic . Better than Batman ! '' - Peter McCarthy , Producer-Director `` Repo Man '' , `` Sid & Nancy '' , `` Floundering '' `` Death and Taxes '' .  `` I was very taken with the film , by its poetic sensibility and often arresting images and by the narrative permutations you brought to the vampire genre . Conjuring up a vivid and indelible world , you present an Ireland admittedly a `` tad '' darker than say John Ford in The Quiet Man but no less evocative . '' - Robert Dawson , Award-Winning Movie Titleler ` The Doors '' , `` Point Break '' , `` Gladiator '' , `` X Men '' .  `` The Irish Vampire Goes West '' , is the first Irish vampire film . '' - Kim Newman The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies  `` Art / vampire . Pegarty Long has discovered a new genre . Reminds one a bit , stylistically , of the German expressionists , especially NOSEFERATU . '' - Peter Belsito , Founder Filmfinders , Producer `` Tarkowsky : Time Within Time '' .  `` A beautifully shot film . `` Irish Vampire '' brought back my evenings in the underground cinema of the 60s . Too bad it 's not still with us , because then you have a camp cult classic on your hands . - Wanda Coleman , Award-Winning Poet , Writer `` Mad Dog Black Lady , `` A War of Eyes and Other Stories '' .  `` Timelessly classical . '' - Jeanne Collachia , Director , Editor , Producer `` Bread and Salt '' .

neg: The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires is a 1974 horror film produced by Hammer Studios and Shaw Brothers Studio . It is the ninth and final film in the Hammer Dracula series . It was released in North America in an edited version as The Seven Brothers Meet Dracula , and alternatively known as The Seven Brothers and Their One Sister Meet Dracula . The film is notable for having an actor other than Christopher Lee portray Count Dracula in the Hammer Dracula series ; before this film was made , Lee left the role of the Count . The role of Dracula is played by John Forbes-Robertson ( though the actor 's voice is dubbed by David de Keyser ) .

neg: Psychic vampire A psychic vampire is a mythological creature said to feed off the `` life force '' of other living creatures . Psychic vampires are represented in the occult beliefs of various cultures and in fiction .

neg: Haunted (comics) Haunted was a horror-suspense anthology comic book series published by Charlton Comics from 1971 to 1984 ( though it was primarily a reprint title from 1978 onward ) . The book was `` hosted '' by Impy , a pint-sized ghost dressed in an all-white superhero costume . With issue # 21 , the book 's host became Baron Weirwulf ( who first appeared in Ghost Manor # 19 , published in July 1974 ) . From that point forward , Haunted 's title was changed to Baron Weirwulf 's Haunted Library ( though it was still known as Haunted in the indicia ) .   Haunted was part of a wave of new horror and suspense comics published by Charlton during this period . Its sister titles , with many of the same creators , were the Charlton anthologies The Many Ghosts of Doctor Graves ( with host Dr. M.T. Graves ) , Ghostly Tales ( with I.M. Dedd ) , Ghost Manor ( with host Mr. Bones ) , Ghostly Haunts ( with Winnie the Witch ) , and Scary Tales ( with Countess R.H. Von Bludd ) .


query: Junun is a 2015 documentary.

pos: Junun Junun is a 2015 documentary film directed by Paul Thomas Anderson . It documents the making of the album of the same name in Mehrangarh Fort in Rajasthan , India , by the Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur , English composer and Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood , Indian ensemble the Rajasthan Express , and Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich . Greenwood previously composed soundtracks for several Anderson films .   Junun premièred at the 2015 New York Film Festival and was released on the MUBI film streaming service on October 9 and on iTunes on November 20 , 2015 . It received generally favorable reviews .

neg: Stink! Stink ! is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Jon J. Whelan . The award-winning film explores why there are toxins and carcinogens legally hidden in American consumer products . The film received multiple positive reviews , including the New York Times , The Boston Globe , The Hollywood Reporter , L.A. Times , the Village Voice , and Fortune Magazine . Stink ! has appeared in 25 film festivals globally , and won multiple awards including Best Documentary Feature , at several film festivals .

neg: Juan Martín Cueva Juan Martín Cueva Armijos ( born October 9 , 1966 in Quito , Ecuador ) is an Ecuadorian documentary film director and the director of the Filmfestival `` Cero Latitud '' in Quito . His documentary film `` Where the poles meet '' won the Best Documentary at the IX Festival Internacional de Cine de Valdivia in Chile and at the Brouillon d'un reve de la Scam in Paris in 1999 .   Cueva was born in Quito the first son of the diplomat and archaeologist Juan Cueva and his wife Magdalena Armijos . His paternal grandfather was the politician Carlos Cueva Tamaríz , his uncle the painter Patricio Cueva Jaramillo and his cousin Fernando Cordero Cueva is the current ( 2011 ) president of the Ecuadorian Congress .   Cueva spent his early childhood in many rural towns in Ecuador as his father worked as an archaeologist . The family moved later to Paris , where his father studied at the Sorbonne University and was later appointed Ambassador of Ecuador at the UNESCO . Cueva learned therefore French from an early age and later studied cinematography at the Institut National Superior des Arts du spectacle in Belgium .   His documentaries have appeared at many Film Festivals in Ecuador and abroad such as Lateinamerikanische Filmtage 2008 in Munich and Chicago International Documentary Film Festival .   He has also taught in many Ecuadorian universities such as the Universidad de las Américas , Escuela de Cine y Actuación INCIN and the Universidad San Francisco de Quito .

neg: Junan Junan may refer to :   Junan County , in Shandong , China  Junan , an older romanization of Runan County , in Henan , China  Jun ` an , Shunde , town in Foshan , Guangdong , China  Guotai Junan Securities , investment bank in China  Nakagawa Jun ` an ( 1739 -- 1786 ) , Japanese doctor and botanist

neg: JUN Auto JUN , or JUN Auto , is a Japanese tuning shop . JUN began as the research facility of Tanaka Industrial Co. , Ltd. and originally focused on disassembling and improving engines . It now manufactures cars with a high level of engine performance in addition to manufacturing car parts . JUN is regarded as one of the leading Japanese tuners and its products are exported all over the world .

neg: Takin' Place Takin ' Place is a 2015 observational documentary film by Cyrus Dowlatshahi about daily life in the Englewood and Washington Park neighborhoods of Chicago 's South side .

neg: Junichi Takayasu ( 1963 -- ) is a Japanese hemp advocate , considered `` one of Japan 's leading experts on cannabis '' . He is the curator of the Taima Hakubutsukan ( Cannabis Museum ) in Nasu , Tochigi Prefecture , which he founded in 2001 .

neg: Snowy Road Snowy Road is a 2015 South Korean historical drama film directed by Lee Na-jeong  which narrates the story of two teenage girls ' tragic fate during the Japanese occupation of Korea . It originally aired on KBS1 in 2015 as a two-part television special , and then was re-edited for theatrical screening . The theatrical cut was first showcased at the 16th Jeonju International Film Festival .   The film was theatrically released on March 1 , 2017 , also known as the Independence Movement Day in South Korea , which commemorates the 1919 March 1st Movement .

neg: Zegen is a 1987 Japanese black comedy film by director Shohei Imamura . It was entered into the 1987 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the Japanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .

neg: Seasons (film) Seasons ( Les Saisons ) is a 2015 French-German nature documentary film directed , produced , co-written , and narrated by Jacques Perrin , with Jacques Cluzaud as co-director .

neg: Minbo is a 1992 Japanese film by filmmaker Juzo Itami . It is also known by the titles Minbo : the Gentle Art of Japanese Extortion , The Gangster 's Moll and The Anti-Extortion Woman . The film was widely popular in Japan and a critical success internationally . It satirizes the yakuza , who retaliated for their portrayal in the film by assaulting the director .

neg: Running Man (2015 film) Running Man is a 2015 Chinese reality comedy film directed by Hu Jia and Cen Junyi . It was released on January 30 , 2015 . It is a film adaptation of a Zhejiang Television series Running Man .

neg: C'est si bon (film) C'est si bon is a 2015 South Korean musical drama film written and directed by Kim Hyun-seok . It was released on February 5 , 2015 .   C'est si bon ( French for `` It 's so good '' ) was a legendary , real-life acoustic music lounge in the 1970s located in Mugyo-dong , Seoul . It was very popular with Koreans in their twenties and thirties , who went there to listen to live music performed by some of the most talented young musicians of the era . Among them was the folk music duo Twin Folio composed of Yoon Hyung-joo and Song Chang-sik ; this film depicts the band 's beginnings while including a fictional third member , Oh Geun-tae .

neg: List of songs written by Kim Jong-hyun Kim Jong-hyun ( most often credited as Jonghyun ) , is a South Korean singer-songwriter and producer . He began his musical career in 2008 as a member of the group Shinee and later formed the ballad group S.M. . The Ballad . Jonghyun debuted as a composer happened to write Korean lyrics for the Shinees promotional single `` Juliette '' , which was featured in the mini-album Romeo , released in May 2009 . Participate in the writing of three songs on Shinee 's second Korean studio album , `` Lucifer '' , the first , `` Up & Down '' , was co-written with Misfit with the rap being written by Minho , the second , `` Obsession '' , was completely written by Jonghyun with Minho once again working on his own rap , and the third `` Shout Out '' co-written by all members of Shinee , JQ and Misfit . In 2012 , Jonghyun co-wrote the lyrics to the song with `` Alarm Clock '' with Minho , a song about wishing to wake up from the nightmare of a past break up , and wrote the lyrics to `` Honesty '' which was described as a song written for the fans who had stayed by their side with unchanging love until that point . Both songs were featured on the mini album , `` Sherlock '' .   In February 2014 , after being made the DJ for the MBC FM4U midnight radio show , Blue Night , Jonghyun debuted a composition / songwriting corner titled , The Man Who Composes . The corner began in July 2014 and has continued since with different `` season '' taking place at different times , namely : July 2014 , November 2014 , April 2015 , July 2015 , January 2016 , and July 2016 . On January 7 , 2015 , debuted as a solo artist with the release of the self-composed song `` Déjà-Boo '' with the participation of Zion.T . Jonghyun released his first extended play titled Base on January 12 , 2015 . Later Jonghyun released compilation album Story Op. 1 on September 17 the same year , with nine self-composed songs . Following the release of his compilation album , Jonghyun made a comeback with the release of his first full-length album , She Is .

neg: Attabu 2 Attabu 2 is a 2015 Taiwanese docudrama film . It is the final part of a two-part documentary film series about the rise and fall of the Wufeng Lin family in Wufeng District , Taiwan . The film is presented with Mandarin Chinese or Taiwanese Hokkien narration , along with subtitles in Chinese and English .   ` Attabu ' refers to the original name of the Wufeng area under the language of the Taiwanese Plains Aborigines . The first film depicts the Lins sailing from China to Taiwan in 1746 where they would become one of the most powerful clans in Taiwan due to services for the Qing dynasty . Part II continues the story from the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895 , when Taiwan officially became a Japanese colony . Under Japanese rule , the Lin 's influence waned as the clan members came to support different political ideologies . After Japan 's defeat in World War II and Kuomintang 's retreat due to the Chinese Civil War , some clan members were then persecuted as traitors or communist sympathizers by the Republic of China administration during the period of White Terror .

neg: Umbrella (film) Umbrella or San is a Chinese documentary film directed by Du Haibin and released in 2007 . The film documents the experiences of modern rural China , particularly five social groups : students , soldiers , tradespeople , and peasants . Du 's stated goal with the film was to highlight the growing disparity between China 's prosperous cities and its stagnating countryside .

neg: Relationship Dilemma Relationship Dilemma is a 2015 Chinese romance film directed by Yang Xiaoxin . It was released on May 8 , 2015 in China .

neg: China From Above China From Above is a Chinese-American documentary television series premiered on September 24 , 2015 , on National Geographic Channel . It was produced by National Geographic Channel and the China Intercontinental Communication Center . The broadcast is narrated by Andres Williams . The documentary consists of two episodes , episode one features China 's ancient civilization with a fascinating history dating back thousands of years ; episode two takes to the air to reveal how modern China lives , eats , works , travels , and plays on a mega scale .

neg: Hu Jie Hu Jie ( born 1958 ) is a Chinese filmmaker and artist known for the films Searching for Lin Zhao 's Soul ( 2004 ) , Though I Am Gone ( 2007 ) , and Spark ( 2013 ) , the three of which constitute a `` trilogy of documentaries about Maoist China . '' Spark received the top prize at the 2014 Taiwan Independent Documentary Festival .   Hu attended the People 's Liberation Army Arts College , later serving in the People 's Liberation Army for fifteen years and finding work with the Xinhua News Agency prior to his debut as a director .   In addition to his work in film , Hu is an accomplished artist of woodblock prints , recently producing a series of pieces depicting scenes from the Great Famine which was intended to be exhibited in Tianjin in 2014 before being deemed too controversial , leading to the showcase 's cancellation .

neg: Kinema Junpo , commonly called , is Japan 's oldest film magazine and began publication in July 1919 . It was first published three times a month , using the Japanese Jun system of dividing months into three parts , but the postwar Kinema Junpō has been published twice a month .   The magazine was founded by a group of four students , including Saburō Tanaka , at the Tokyo Institute of Technology ( Tokyo Technical High School at the time ) . In that first month , it was published three times on days with a `` 1 '' in them . These first three issues were printed on art paper and had four pages each . Kinejun initially specialized in covering foreign films , in part because its writers sided with the principles of the Pure Film Movement and strongly criticized Japanese cinema . It later expanded coverage to films released in Japan . While long emphasizing film criticism , it has also served as a trade journal , reporting on the film industry in Japan and announcing new films and trends .   After their building was destroyed in the Great Kantō earthquake in September 1923 , the Kinejun offices were moved to the city of Ashiya in the Hanshin area of Japan , though the main offices are now back in Tokyo .   The Kinema Junpo awards began in 1926 , and their 10 best list is considered iconic and prestigious .

neg: Durazno (film) Durazno ( a.k.a. Apricot ) is a documentary film directed by Yashira Jordan . The film utilized crowd-funding and ecological production , and is one of the first of its type to be made in Bolivia and Argentina .   The documentary was filmed during 2012 in the Argentinian cities of Santa Fe and La Plata , as well as in Cochabamba , Bolivia .