query: Fabian Cancellara was birthed on March 18, 1981.

pos: Fabian Cancellara Fabian Cancellara ( born 18 March 1981 ) , nicknamed `` Spartacus '' , is a Swiss former professional road bicycle racer who last rode for UCI ProTeam . He was born in Wohlen bei Bern , Switzerland . Cancellara began road cycling after falling in love with an old bike at the age of thirteen . After that , he began to take the sport more seriously and won two consecutive World Junior Time Trial Championships in 1998 and 1999 . At age nineteen he turned professional and signed with the team , where he rode as a stagiaire . He is known for being a quality time trialist , a one-day classics specialist , and a workhorse for his teammates that have general classification aspirations .   After winning a few stages and small races in his starting years , Cancellara earned his first major victory at the 2004 Tour de France where he won the opening prologue time trial and wore race leader yellow jersey for one day . The following season saw fewer victories , but his 2006 season saw a victory in the men 's time trial at the UCI Road World Championships , along with victory at the Paris -- Roubaix . Cancellara repeated as world champion in the time trial the next year , along with winning two stages at the Tour de France .   During the 2008 calendar he won gold at the Summer Olympics in the individual time trial event and the Milan -- San Remo . The next season saw Cancellara again become world time trial champion and lead both the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España . In 2010 , he won the Paris -- Roubaix and the Tour of Flanders . Cancellara 's 2011 and 2012 campaigns were both short in number of victories , while the latter was hampered by injuries throughout . After a lackluster two-year period , Cancellara again won the Tour of Flanders and Paris -- Roubaix double in 2013 . In 2014 , Cancellara repeated as winner of the Tour of Flanders .   Since turning professional in 2000 , Cancellara has ridden for four professional teams . He has achieved great success in the classic monuments ; he has won Paris -- Roubaix three times , the Milan -- San Remo once , and the Tour of Flanders three times . Cancellara has won the opening stage of the Tour de France five times and has led the race for 29 days total , which is the most of any rider who has not won the Tour . His success has not been limited to just time trials and classics , as he has won general classification of the Tirreno -- Adriatico , Tour de Suisse , and the Tour of Oman . In 2008 , he won gold in the individual time trial and silver in the men 's road race at the Summer Olympics . In 2016 , he won Olympic gold in the individual time trial for the second time in his career . In addition , Cancellara has been the time trial world champion four times in his career .

neg: Leo García (singer) Leonardo Damián García ( born Moreno , Buenos Aires , 31 August 1970 ) is an Argentine singer .

neg: Germán Legarreta Germán Legarreta ( born August 30 , 1981 ) is a Puerto Rican-born American film and television actor .

neg: Juan Martín Pietravallo Juan Martín Pietravallo ( born December 7 , 1981 ) is an Argentine footballer .

neg: Germán Leonforte Germán Gabriel Leonforte ( born 12 January 1981 in Rosario ) is an Argentine football defender .

neg: 1981 Formula One season The 1981 Formula One season was the 35th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1981 FIA Formula One World Championship which was contested over a fifteen race series that commenced on 15 March and ended on 17 October . Formula One cars also contested the 1981 South African Grand Prix , although this was technically a Formula Libre race and was not part of the Formula One World Championship .   The 1981 championship was the inaugural FIA Formula One World Championship , replacing the former World Championship for Drivers . Nelson Piquet won the Drivers ' Championship , claiming the first of his three Formula One titles and Williams won the Constructors ' Championship .

neg: Franco Fagioli Franco Fagioli ( born 1981 , in Tucumán ) is an Argentinian operatic countertenor .

neg: Luis Felipe Chará Felipe Chará ( born 6 January 1981 ) is a Colombian footballer who plays in Venezuela for Atlético Club Mineros de Guayana .

neg: Cosculluela José Fernando Cosculluela Suárez ( born October 15 , 1980 ) , also known artistically as Cosculluela , is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter .

neg: Alonso Zúñiga Alonso Patricio Zúñiga Delgado ( -LSB- aˈlonso ˈθuɲiɣa -RSB- , born 23 March 1980 ) is a Chilean footballer that his last club was the amateur side San Antonio Unido .   In 2002 , he and Johnny Herrera protagonized a strong polemical .

neg: Eisner Loboa Eisner Iván Loboa Balanta ( born 17 May 1987 ) is a Colombian-born Mexican footballer who plays as a midfielder . He also holds Mexican citizenship .

neg: Boris Sandoval Boris Abraham Sandoval Molina ( born March 12 , 1987 in Concepción , Chile ) is a Chilean footballer who last played for San Marcos de Arica in the Chilean First B Division .

neg: Fabián Cubero Fabián Alberto Cubero ( born 21 December 1978 ) is an Argentine footballer who plays for Vélez Sársfield in the Argentine Primera División . A versatile player , Cubero started as a defensive midfielder but has played most of his career as a right back . He currently captains the team .   Cubero has played most of his professional career for Vélez Sársfield , winning five league titles with the team ( spread over three different decades ) and becoming the most capped player in the club 's history ( counting both domestic and international competitions ) . With seven , Cubero is the player with most local titles in the history of Vélez Sarsfield .

neg: Fabian Petersen Fabian Petersen ( born 1 April 1980 in Aabenraa ) At the age of 14 he started the band later to be known as `` splendid '' with his friend and bass player Steffen Strojeck . In August 2003 They signed a publishing deal with  Warner/Chappell and from there he knew he would make music for a living .  In December 2003 A trip to Stockholm should prove that . He co-wrote the song `` Fractions '' for his own band at first , but it was to become the first single for Czech rep. girl Ewa Farna second album under the name Ticho and polish version Cicho . The song peaked at top 5 in the T-charts in 2007 .

neg: Ives Fabián Quintana Ives Fabián Quintana ( born December 23 , 1983 in Mendoza , Argentina ) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for ESPOLI in Ecuador .

neg: Franklin Corozo Franklin Orlando Corozo Quiñónez ( born February 15 , 1981 ) is an Ecuadorian footballer currently playing for Deportivo Azogues .

neg: Fabian Busch Fabian Busch ( born 1 October 1975 ) is a German actor . He has appeared in more than sixty films since 1993 .

neg: Fabián Bustos Fabián Daniel Bustos ( born March 28 , 1969 in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine former footballer and current manager of Ecuadorian club LDU Portoviejo . Bustos played in Bolivia before moving to Ecuador and playing for several clubs across several divisions . He returned to Argentina where he finished his playing career . He returned to Ecuador in 2009 , this time as a manager , where he has been at the helm of several clubs .

neg: André Felippe Seixas Dias André Felippe Seixas Dias or simply André Dias ( born March 11 , 1981 in Montes Claros ) , is a striker . He currently plays for Santa Cruz .

neg: Rodrigo Abed Rodrigo Elias Martínez Abed , best known as Rodrigo Abed ( -LSB- roˈðɾiɣo aˈβeð -RSB- ; born September 6 , 1972 in Mexico City , Mexico ) is a telenovela and film actor . He is best known as `` Fabián Sanchez Serrano '' '' in Cuando seas mia .

neg: Fabiana Bravo Fabiana Bravo ( born in 1969 ) , is an acclaimed Argentine operatic soprano , who has achieved international success both through her interpretation of concert literature and in her powerful portrayals of operatic heroines .


query: Jemaine Clement was in a New Zealand-based comedy duo.

pos: Flight of the Conchords Flight of the Conchords is a New Zealand-based comedy duo composed of Bret McKenzie and Jemaine Clement . The duo 's comedy and music became the basis of a BBC radio series and then an American television series that aired for two seasons on HBO . They used to refer to themselves as `` New Zealand 's fourth most popular guitar-based digi-bongo acapella-rap-funk-comedy folk duo '' , but now speak of themselves as `` the almost award-winning fourth-most-popular folk duo in New Zealand . ''   They were named Best Alternative Comedy Act at the 2005 US Comedy Arts Festival and Best Newcomer at the Melbourne Comedy Festival , and they received a nomination for the Perrier Comedy Award at the 2003 Edinburgh Festival Fringe for their show at Edinburgh venue The Caves . The duo 's live performances have gained them a worldwide cult following .

pos: Jemaine Clement Jemaine Clement ( born 10 January 1974 ) is a New Zealand comedian , actor , voice actor , singer , writer , director , and multi-instrumentalist , known as one half of the musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords along with Bret McKenzie .

neg: The Young Ones (TV series) The Young Ones is a British sitcom , broadcast in the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1984 in two six-part series . Shown on BBC2 , it featured anarchic , offbeat humour which helped bring alternative comedy to television in the 1980s and made household names of its writers and performers . In 1985 , it was shown on MTV , one of the first non-music television shows on the fledgling channel . In a 2004 poll , it ranked at number 31 in the BBC 's list of Britain 's Best Sitcoms .

neg: My Darling Clementine (band) My Darling Clementine is a British country music duo who set out in 2010 in Birmingham .

neg: New Zealand humour New Zealand humour bears some similarities to the body of humour of many other English-speaking countries . There are , however , several regional differences .

neg: That Mitchell and Webb Sound That Mitchell and Webb Sound is a comedy sketch show on BBC Radio 4 which started on 28 August 2003 . A second series was broadcast in 2005 with a third starting on 24 May 2007 . The series became adapted for television as That Mitchell and Webb Look in 2006 . The series is seen in some ways a follow-up to The Mitchell and Webb Situation , a sketch show shown on Play UK in 2001 . That Mitchell and Webb Sound returned to BBC Radio 4 for a fourth series in 2009 , the first episode broadcasting on 25 August 2009 . A fifth series was announced in September 2013 , and began transmission on 26 November 2013 .   The series stars David Mitchell and Robert Webb who also write a fair amount of the material . Also performing in the show are James Bachman and regular Mitchell and Webb collaborator Olivia Colman . Sarah Hadland joined the cast for the fourth series .   Apart from Mitchell and Webb , a fair proportion of the sketches are written by the other cast members and other writers . These include Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain ( the writers of Peep Show , in which Mitchell and Webb star ) , Mark Evans , David Quantick , Jonathan Dryden Taylor , Toby Davies , Simon Kane and John Finnemore . It is produced by Gareth Edwards .

neg: Daphne (comedy) Daphne are a British comedy trio made up of comedians Jason Forbes , Phil Wang and George Fouracres .   Together they are the creators , writers and stars of the BBC Radio 4 series Daphne Sounds Expensive .

neg: Flight of the Conchords discography The discography of Flight of the Conchords , a New Zealand-based comedy band , consists of two studio albums , one live album , two compilation albums , one extended play ( EP ) and seven singles . Jemaine Clement and Bret McKenzie formed Flight of the Conchords in Wellington in 1998 . Their first release was the live album Folk the World Tour , which the duo self-released in 2002 . In 2006 , the band signed with American independent label Sub Pop ; they released the EP The Distant Future the following year , which reached number eight in New Zealand .   Clement and McKenzie began starring in the Flight of the Conchords TV series on HBO in June 2007 . After the conclusion of the first season of the show , the band 's self-titled debut full-length album was released in April 2008 , which topped the New Zealand Albums Chart and reached number three on the US Billboard 200 . Similarly , following the conclusion of the show 's second season , I Told You I Was Freaky was released in October 2009 , reaching the top ten in New Zealand and the top 20 in the US . The lead single from the album , `` Hurt Feelings '' , became the band 's first to chart when it reached number 36 on the New Zealand Singles Chart .   Flight of the Conchords returned in 2012 with the release of `` Feel Inside ( And Stuff Like That ) '' , a charity single recorded to benefit the New Zealand children 's charity Cure Kids . The single topped the New Zealand Singles Chart . The compilation album The Complete Collection , featuring The Distant Future , Flight of the Conchords , I Told You I Was Freaky and `` Pencils in the Wind '' , was released in 2013 .

neg: Just for Laughs (UK TV series) Just for Laughs UK is an adaptation of the Canadian Series of the same name , that began in Montreal in late 2000 . hidden camera The comedy show was broadcast on Saturday nights on BBC One . It was produced by Wild Rover Productions with Philip Morrow as producer . It started airing in 2003 and ran for five seasons , going off air in 2007 . During its run , it was the only Saturday night entertainment show currently on BBC One to be produced by an independent television company based outside London .   Just for Laughs was filmed primarily in and around Belfast , Northern Ireland , Glasgow , Scotland and Leeds , England . The Belfast Botanic Gardens were a common filming location for doing some pranks .   Just for Laughs has a Canadian sister version called Just for Laughs : Gags , and the format of the two is identical . Some clips for Just for Laughs are taken directly from Just for Laughs Gags , and vice versa .

neg: Ernie Wise Ernest Wiseman , OBE ( 27 November 1925 -- 21 March 1999 ) , known by his stage name Ernie Wise , was an English comedian , best known as one half of the comedy duo Morecambe and Wise , who became a national institution on British television , especially for their Christmas specials .

neg: Musikmakers Musikmakers is an amateur musical theatre organisation based in Hamilton , New Zealand .

neg: The Front Lawn The Front Lawn was a New Zealand musical/theatrical duo founded by Don McGlashan and Harry Sinclair in 1985 . In 1989 and 1990 , they were joined by actor Jennifer Ward-Lealand . The Front Lawn were known for their live performances , and toured extensively in New Zealand , Australia , Europe and America . They released two albums and made three short films .   Don McGlashan went on to form New Zealand band The Mutton Birds , and had a successful solo career . Harry Sinclair has written and directed television and feature films , including Topless Women Talk About Their Lives , The Price of Milk , Toy Love , and the reborn 90210 .

neg: Short Poppies Short Poppies is a New Zealand/United States mockumentary TV series starring , created and written by Rhys Darby and directed by Jemaine Clement and Michelle Walshe .   It follows real-life entertainment reporter David Farrier as he talks to `` extraordinary '' New Zealanders who happen to live in the same small fictional town known as `` The Bay '' . At the time of filming , Farrier worked for TVNZ 's competitor , MediaWorks .   All eight episodes became available in New Zealand on 1 April 2014 through TVNZ On Demand and became available in the United States on 4 April 2014 .

neg: Diplomatic Immunity (New Zealand TV series) Diplomatic Immunity is a New Zealand comedy that follows the misadventures at the consulate of The Most Royal Kingdom of Fe'ausi and a fallen New Zealand Foreign Affairs high-flier who has been sent in to straighten out the consulate staff . The show screened in New Zealand on TV1 , every Tuesday night at 10:00 .

neg: Billy T Award The Billy T Award is a New Zealand comedy award recognizing up-and-coming New Zealand comedians with outstanding potential . It has been presented annually since its inception in 1997 when Cal Wilson and Ewen Gilmour shared the award . The Billy T was shared between two comedians until 2001 when it became a solo award .   The awards are an initiative of the New Zealand Comedy Trust to ` foster and encourage outstanding New Zealand talent . '

neg: The Mighty Boosh The Mighty Boosh is a British comedy troupe featuring comedians Julian Barratt and Noel Fielding . Developed from three stage shows and a six-episode radio series , it has since spawned a total of 20 television episodes for BBC Three which aired from 2003 to 2007 , and two live tours of the UK , as well as two live shows in the United States . The first television series is set in a zoo operated by Bob Fossil , the second in a flat and the third in a second hand shop in Dalston called Nabootique . Vince and Howard run the shop and Naboo owns it .   Various members of The Mighty Boosh have appeared in a number of different comedy series including Nathan Barley , Snuff Box and Noel Fielding 's Luxury Comedy , and regular Boosh collaborators included Richard Ayoade and Matt Berry . The troupe is named after a childhood hairstyle of co-star Michael Fielding .

neg: Anyone For Tennis? Anyone for Tennis ? was a two-man Australian musical comedy band , writing team and performance duo . The two produced musical comedy , video sketch and stand-up comedy routines until their break-up in 2012 .

neg: Madeleine Sami Madeleine Nalini Sami is a New Zealand actress , comedian and musician .   Madeleine was raised in the Onehunga suburb of Auckland , New Zealand ; and attended Onehunga High School . She is of Irish and Fiji Indian heritage . Madeleine starred in the long running New Zealand soap Shortland Street from 1998 to 1999 , and more recently in the comedy film Sione 's Wedding . She is an accomplished theatre actress and toured internationally with the shows BARE and No2 for which she won two Chapman Tripp awards and an Edinburgh fringe first award . She has since featured in various New Zealand television shows including Outrageous Fortune , The Jaquie Brown Diaries , 7 Days and the Jane Campion series , Top of the Lake .   She has also formed a pop band called The Sami Sisters together with two of her siblings , Anji and Priya Sami and on 1 August 2011 they released their debut album entitled Happy Heartbreak ! which charted at number 9 in the New Zealand album charts .   In 2011 Madeleine starred in her own comedy series , Super City , directed by Taika Waititi . She won Best Performance by an Actress at the 2011 AFTA awards for this role . She also won , with co-writer Thomas Sainsbury , Best Comedy Script at the 2011 SWANZ awards for Episode 3 of the series .   In January 2015 , Sami married Pip Brown , also known as the singer-songwriter Ladyhawke .

neg: The Penny Dreadfuls The Penny Dreadfuls are a British sketch-comedy troupe consisting of comedians Humphrey Ker , David Reed and Thom Tuck . The sketch team perform regularly on the London comedy circuit .

neg: Hamish and Andy's Gap Year Hamish & Andy 's Gap Year is a Logie Award winning comedy series following Hamish Blake and Andy Lee , a pair of Australian comedians , on their trips to various international locations . The first season saw the boys visiting America for ten episodes and broadcast their show weekly from New York City . In its second season in 2012 , the show was titled `` Hamish & Andy 's Euro Gap Year '' and seven episodes were broadcast from The Lord Stanley , a disused pub in East London , England . The third season known as `` Hamish and Andy 's Gap Year Asia '' in 2013 was broadcast from a bar in Bangkok , Thailand , called ` The Raintree ' .   The concept for the show was created when the Nine Network hired comedians Hamish Blake and Andy Lee for two series in two years . They came across the idea of `` Gap Year '' when they realised they never took a gap year after high school , so they would film their many adventures overseas as it was ` ironic ' that they had just received a contract for TV .   The show featured the American band Moon Hooch in 2011 .

neg: The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor .   Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) .   The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics .   Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion .   It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award .   The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times .   In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .

neg: Jasper Carrott Jasper Carrott , OBE ( born Robert Norman Davis ; 14 March 1945 ) is an English comedian , actor , singer , television presenter , and personality .


query: Andy Warhol paints.

pos: Andy Warhol Andy Warhol ( -LSB- ˈwɔrhɒl -RSB- born Andrew Warhola ; August 6 , 1928 -- February 22 , 1987 ) was an American artist , director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art . His works explore the relationship between artistic expression , celebrity culture , and advertising that flourished by the 1960s , and span a variety of media , including painting , silkscreening , photography , film , and sculpture . Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell 's Soup Cans ( 1962 ) and Marilyn Diptych ( 1962 ) , the experimental film Chelsea Girls ( 1966 ) , and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable ( 1966 -- 67 ) .   Born and raised in Pittsburgh , Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator . After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s , he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist . His New York studio , The Factory , became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals , drag queens , playwrights , Bohemian street people , Hollywood celebrities , and wealthy patrons . He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars , and is credited with coining the widely used expression `` 15 minutes of fame . '' In the late 1960s , he managed and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founded Interview magazine . He authored numerous books , including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism : The Warhol Sixties . He is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement . After a gallbladder surgery in 1987 , Warhol died in February of that year at the age of 58 .   Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions , books , and feature and documentary films . The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh , which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives , is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist . Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable . The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$ 105 million for a 1963 canvas titled `` Silver Car Crash ( Double Disaster ) '' ; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold . A 2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the `` bellwether of the art market '' .

neg: Leather wallpaper Leather wallpaper is a type of wallpaper used in various styles for wall covering . It is often referred to as wrought leather . It is often gilded , painted and decorated . With the advent of wallpaper use from about 1650-1750 , leather was used to cover and decorate sections of walls in the habitations of wealthy persons . Leather is pliable and could be decorated in various ways .   Embossed wall coverings made to imitate antique embossed leather include Tynecastle , or Modeled Canvas . It was developed and patented in 1874 by designer W. Scott Morton ( 1840-1903 ) . It was made by hand pressing canvas into carved wooden molds and dry it . It was colored after it was stuck to the wall .   Japanese Leather Paper imitates embossed leather . It is crafted from sheets of handmade paper pressed together . It is then embossed and gilded with the field color stenciled on it . A coat of lacquer was added to protect it and create a sheen .   During the colonial period in the United States , embossed leather panels were occasionally used as an accent , as a dado , on a screen , or above a chimney . In the last quarter of the 19th century , leather panels were revived and used in select rooms of mansions such as libraries . Introduced in the 1860s as `` oil leather papers '' , the coverings later became known as `` leather paper '' and were offered in catalogs from Paul Balin in Paris ' Birge in Buffalo , New York ; and Jeffrey & Co. and Woollams & Co. . They included embossing , gild and painted finishes designed to imitate leather wallpaper and were used to line furniture and cabinets . Their use continued in fancy homes of the late 19th and early 20th century decorating Lincrusta and Anaglypta were competing products . Leather papers were often made up of a series of paper laminates which were forced into shape with a mold , while Lincrusta is a patented composite material , and Anaglypta is a simthat were not designed to look like leather wallpaper . Rottman , Strome & Co. became a major producer based in England with manufacturing in Japan . Lutson Goudleder made the imitation leather coverings in southern France and they were also made in Poland .

neg: All-over painting All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art , for instance a painting . This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called `` drip '' paintings of Jackson Pollock and the `` automatic writing '' or `` abstract calligraphy '' of Mark Tobey in the 1950s , though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that . `` All-over painting '' is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an `` art movement . '' Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the `` all-over '' painting style . Such a painting would fail to treat the top , for instance , differently from the bottom ; the left than the right . Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting . All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest , or any indication of which way is `` up . '' Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them .   Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel 's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen .

neg: Anthony Velonis Anthony Velonis ( 23 October 1911 -- 29 October 1997 ) was an American painter and designer born in New York City who helped introduce the public to silkscreen printing in the early 20th century . He married Elizabeth Amidon , with whom he had four children .   While employed under the federal Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression , Velonis brought the use of silkscreen printing as a fine art form , referred to as the `` serigraph , '' into the mainstream . By his own request , he was not publicly credited for coining the term .   He experimented and mastered techniques to print on a wide variety of materials , such as glass , plastics , and metal , thereby expanding the field . In the mid to late 20th century , the silkscreen technique became popular among other artists such as Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol .

neg: Waldo Díaz-Balart Waldo Díaz-Balart ( born Waldo Díaz-Balart y Gutiérrez on February 10 , 1931 in Banes , Cuba ) is a Cuban painter living in Madrid , Spain .   Díaz-Balart studied accounting and political science and economics in Havana before moving to New York to pursue art studies in 1959 . From 1959 to 1962 studied art in the Museum of Modern Art , New York , USA . Professionally , on 1967 he develops as lecturer in many cultural centres and universities of USA , Poland , Spain , Germany and Netherlands . He acted in two movies by Andy Warhol , The Life of Juanita Castro ( 1965 ) and The Loves of Ondine ( 1968 ) .   Díaz-Balart lectures frequently and his work -- explorations of color and light in geometric paintings and light sculpture -- has been widely exhibited . On 1966 presents an individual exhibition in the Studio Gallery in Washington , D.C. . In 1967 presented an exhibition in Galerie Iris Clert Paris , France . In 1967 he joined Mass Art Inc. in partnership with Sujan Souri , Dorian Godoy , and Philip Orenstein . The company manufactured the first inflatable chair designed by Philip Orenstein and is now included in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York . In 1998 presents `` Waldo Balart . Black Painting '' in Galería Edurne , Madrid , Spain . In 1970 participated in the collective exhibition Salón 70 in the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana . In 1964 exhibits in the Pan American Union in Washington , D.C. and on 1968 in the Gallery of Modern Art , New York , USA . On 1970 he participated at the first San Juan 's Bienal del Grabado Latinoamericano ( Biennial of Latin - American Engraving ) at the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña , Puerto Rico and in 1979 in the Third Bienal Internacional del Deporte en las Bellas Artes ( Biennial of Sport in Fine Arts ) in Barcelona , Spain . On 1995 participated in the International Art Fair , Köln , Germany .   Most recently , he had one-man shows in the Netherlands , in Spain and in the United States at the Art Gallery of Florida International University . He is the recipient of a Pollock-Krasner Foundation fellowship and his work is in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art in New York , the Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid , the Mondriaanhuis in Amersfoort , The Netherlands , and the Museum of Modern Art in Huenfeld , Germany , among others . In 1992 he published the book Waldo Díaz-Balart , Ensayos de Arte .   His sister , Mirta Díaz-Balart , was Fidel Castro 's first wife . His nephew Mario Díaz-Balart is a US congressional representative and another nephew , Lincoln Díaz-Balart , is a former congressman .

neg: Mexican muralism Mexican muralism was the promotion of mural painting starting in the 1920s , generally with social and political messages as part of efforts to reunify the country under the post Mexican Revolution government . It was headed by `` the big three '' painters , Diego Rivera , José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros . From the 1920s to about 1970s a large number of murals with nationalistic , social and political messages were created on public buildings , starting a tradition which continues to this day in Mexico and has had impact in other parts of the Americas , including the United States where it served as inspiration for the Chicano art movement .

neg: Suicide (Purple Jumping Man) Suicide ( Purple Jumping Man ) is a 1963 silkscreen painting by American pop artist , Andy Warhol . It is currently in the collection of the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art in Tehran .

neg: Dušan Zivlak Dušan Zivlak ( Nakovo , 1950 ) is a Serbian painter , born in Nakovo , Serbia , in 1950 . He was educated in Nakovo and Kikinda and graduated from Faculty of Fine Arts of University of Arts in Belgrade . He is a painter and sculptor . He has lived in Paris since 1950 . He has been a member of La Maison des Artistes de Paris since 1983 . His key activities are figurative paining ( acrylic , oil , combined techniques ) and drawing ( graphite pencil , pastels , crayons , combined techniques ) . By making his painting come to life via a spirit of estranged meetings , unconnectable connections and genre sacrilege , Dušan Zivlak has not strived towards a new order , new hierarchy of values and goals that would only put new clothes on old normativism . From one painting to the next , Zivlak surrenders his artistic coordinates , grafting of his figures , items and legends , his `` bricolage '' of scenes , themes , styles and motifs to a spontaneous , almost wild montage of attraction and distraction , addition and bursts , in which the artistic scene in a way incorporates the viewer .  In the present artistic moment , in the conditions of developed pluralism , an option that Dušan Zivlak stands for in his art has a full-fledged legitimacy . His paintings are a true conglomerate of contemporary artistic information , and it contains a significant dose of visual artistic energy that affects the perception of a viewer in a suggestive manner . That energy is built out of numerous individual pieces of data in a painting , all combined using a technique of collage , and is built out of impulses of everyday life broken through a prism of the artist , as well as the awareness of the civilization meaning of art and its sense .   In 2011 , Dušan Zivlak was invited to be a guest lecturer at Université des Beaux-Arts ( Kede College of Capital Normal University ) in Beijing , China . There , he took part in a conference and display titled The Art of Global Communication , and received an honorary academic title at Université des Beaux-Arts of Kede College of Capital Normal University , Beijing .

neg: Figure painting A figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the painting media with the primary subject being the human figure , whether clothed or nude .  Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such a work . The human figure has been one of the constant subjects of art since the first stone age cave paintings , and has been reinterpreted in various styles throughout history .

neg: Cuban art Cuban art is an exceptionally diverse cultural blend of African , South American , European and North American elements , reflecting the diverse demographic makeup of the island . Cuban artists embraced European modernism , and the early part of the 20th century saw a growth in Cuban vanguardist movements , which were characterized by the mixing of modern artistic genres . Some of the more celebrated 20th-century Cuban artists include Amelia Peláez ( 1896 -- 1968 ) , best known for a series of mural projects , and painter Wifredo Lam ( Dec 8,1902 -- September 11 , 1982 ) , who created a highly personal version of modern primitivism . The Cuban born painter Federico Beltran Masses ( 1885-1949 ) , was renowned as a colourist whose seductive portrayals of women sometimes made overt references to the tropical settings of his childhood .   Better known internationally is the work of photographer Alberto Korda , whose photographs following the early days of the Cuban Revolution included a picture of Che Guevara which was to become one of the most recognizable images of the 20th century .   There is a flourishing street art movement influenced by Latin American artists José Guadalupe Posada and the muralist Diego Rivera .   After the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , some artists felt it was in their best interests to leave Cuba and produce their art , while others stayed behind , either happy or merely content to be creating art in Cuba , which was sponsored by the government . Because it was state sponsored , an implied censorship occurred , since artists would n't want to make art that was against the revolutionary movement as that was the source of their funding . It was during the 1980s in which art began to reflect true uninfluenced expression . The `` rebirth '' of expression in Cuban art was greatly affected by the emergence of a new generation of Cuban , which did not remember the revolution directly .   In 1981 Cubans saw the introduction of `` Volumen Uno '' , a series of one man exhibitions featuring contemporary Cuban artists . Three years later , the introduction of the `` Havana Bienal '' assisted in the further progression of the liberation of art and free speech therein .

neg: Rudolf Baranik Rudolf Baranik ( 1920 -- 1998 ) was an artist , educator and writer .   Born in Lithuania , he immigrated to the United States in 1938 . He was well known in the art world for his political advocacy , and was one of the first artists to organize protests against the war in Vietnam . Some of his best known works are the Napalm Elegies , a series of 30 antiwar paintings created between 1967 and 1974 . His art was inspired by his sense of the gross inequities around the world , and he led virtually every progressive political movement within the New York art world from the 1960s to the mid-1990s .  Significant exhibitions and awards include :1981 Guggenheim Fellowship in Fine Arts , 1982 `` Art Couples 1 : May Stevens and Rudolf Baranik , '' P.S. 1 , New York , NY , and 1966 Peace Tower . Baranik 's art is included in many collections , including the Museum of Modern Art in New York , the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Hirshhorn Museum .   Baranik died in Eldorado , New Mexico in 1998 .   The paintings of Rudolf Baranik are increasingly thought to be among the most important works of the New York School painting of the 1960s and 1970s , with the late paintings in particular considered by American art critic , Donald Kuspit , `` the true climax of fifty years of Western abstract painting . ''

neg: Alfonso Arana Alfonso Meléndez Arana ( 1927 -- 2005 ) was a Puerto Rican painter .   Arana was born in New York City from Mexican father and Puerto Rican mother . When he was young , the family moved to San Sebastián , Puerto Rico , where the young painter spent his youth . At age six , Arana made his first picture and presented it to his mother . His father , a businessman , did not want his son to become an artist . This caused a major rift between father and son .   As a young man , Arana studied art in Mexico at the Atelier de Jose Bardasano , at the Manhattan School of Arts in New York , the Académie Julian and L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts of Paris , and did post graduate work at the American University in Washington , D.C. .   As an artist , Arana became known for his style of almond-shaped , hollow yet expressive eyes in a face without a skull and with a slightly oversized body . He is also well known for his use of light , sophisticated and almost transparent colors . Arana himself defines his style as expressionism and mannerism . The artist once explained that his alive and expressive human figures do not have any skulls because `` they are receptacles of the active things in the world as is God , nature , life , whatever we want . ''   His works are often unsettling for the degree of expression shown by his silent figures . Most initiates to his style might find his paintings to be disturbing . However , after an initial period , viewers of his paintings often find beauty within the figure 's expressions .   Arana has exhibited his work in Tokyo , Paris , New York , Mexico City , Puerto Rico , and Spain . In 1986 , he created the Fundación Francisco Arana , an organization dedicated to foster art in young people . Once a year , the Fundación gives an outstanding art student a scholarship to live and study in Paris .   Arana suffered Parkinson 's disease for quite a few years and died of associated complications on November 18 , 2005 in his house in Paris in the company of his wife Simone Christophe , and daughter Rosa Meléndez Ibarra .   Of his art , Arana said :   My figures have the elements of life and light . That light that invades the body is the spiritual side of these beings and I like painting in that spiritual space . Each figure transcends life beyond real life and I feel the beings come from within me and then I , myself become part of their world . They are real to me , they are my friends .

neg: John McLaughlin (artist) John Dwyer McLaughlin ( May 21 , 1898 -- March 22 , 1976 ) was a highly pivotal and significant American abstract painter . Based primarily in California , he was a pioneer in minimalism and hard-edge painting . Long considered in California as one of the most significant artists of the postwar , McLaughlin painted a focused body of geometric works that are completely devoid of any connection to everyday experience and objects , inspired by the Japanese notion of the void . He aimed to create paintings devoid of any object hood including but not limited to a gestures , representations , figuration , and so on . This led him to the rectangle . Leveraging a technique of layering rectangular bars on adjacent planes , McLaughlin creates works that provoke introspection and , consequently , a greater understanding of one 's relationship to nature . Christopher Knight affirms `` McLaughlin is among the most profound avant-garde painters to work in the United States in the aftermath of the cataclysm that was World War II . He 's also Southern California 's first momentous postwar artist . Born in the closing years of the 19th century , he laid the foundation for the environmentally scaled wonders of 1960s Light and Space art , which ranks as Los Angeles ' most original contribution to high culture at the end of the 20th century ... McLaughlin began to paint just as its gestural extravagances and emotionally fraught chromatics began to coalesce into the New York School . In the wake of the Holocaust and Hiroshima , those artists stared straight into the void ... -LSB- McLaughlin 's -RSB- void is not an abyss of social and spiritual terror in which interior narratives of worldly experience can be told , as it was for Jackson Pollock or Mark Rothko . Instead , his is the negative space that allows consciousness to blossom and manifest itself . Their art is about inviting us into their deep perception , while his is about inviting us into our own . McLaughlin 's void is ma , the poetic space and interval between things that animate Japanese art '' .

neg: Archives of American Art The Archives of American Art is the largest collection of primary resources documenting the history of the visual arts in the United States . More than 20 million items of original material are housed in the Archives ' research centers in Washington , D.C. and New York City .   As a research center within the Smithsonian Institution , the Archives houses materials related to a variety of American visual art and artists . All regions of the country and numerous eras and art movements are represented . Among the significant artists represented in its collection are Jackson Pollock , Lee Krasner , Marcel Breuer , Rockwell Kent , John Singer Sargent , Winslow Homer , John Trumbull , and Alexander Calder . In addition to the papers of artists , the Archives collects documentary material from art galleries , art dealers , and art collectors . It also houses a collection of over 2,000 art-related oral history interviews , and publishes a bi-yearly publication , the Archives of American Art Journal , which showcases collections within the Archives .

neg: Painting (disambiguation) Painting is the art or process of applying paints to a surface such as canvas , to make a picture or other artistic composition .   A painting is also the end product a composition or picture made in this way .   Painting may also be the occupation of a house painter and decorator .

neg: WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution WACK ! : Art and the Feminist Revolution was an exhibition of international women 's art presented at the Museum of Contemporary Art , Los Angeles from March 4 -- July 16 , 2007 . It later traveled to PS1 Contemporary Art Center , where it was on view February 17 -- May 12 , 2008 . The exhibition featured works from 120 artists and artists ' groups from around the world .   The 2007 exhibition catalogue -- also titled WACK ! : Art and the Feminist Revolution -- documents this first major retrospective of art and the feminist revolution . Edited by Cornelia Butler and Lisa Gabrielle Mark , it has essays by Butler , Judith Russi Kirshner , Catherine Lord , Marsha Meskimmon , Richard Meyer , Helen Molesworth , Peggy Phelan , Nelly Richard , Valerie Smith , Abigail Solomon-Godeau , and Jenni Sorkin .   WACK ! surveyed work by more than 120 artists in a wide variety of media , arranged by themes including Abstraction , `` Autophotography , '' Body as Medium , Family Stories , Gender Performance , Knowledge as Power , Making Art History , and others .   The following is a complete list of artists featured in the exhibition and catalogue :   Magdalena Abakanowicz ( b. 1930 ) , Polish sculptor and fiber artist  Marina Abramović ( b. 1946 ) , Serbian and former Yugoslavian performance artist  Carla Accardi ( 1924 -- 2014 ) , Italian painter  Chantal Akerman ( b. 1950 ) , Belgian film director and artist  Helena Almeida ( b. 1934 ) , Portuguese artist  Sonia Andrade ( b. 1935 ) , Brazilian artist  Eleanor Antin ( b. 1935 ) , American artist  Judith F. Baca ( b. 1946 ) , American Chicana artist  Mary Bauermeister ( b. 1934 ) , German artist  Lynda Benglis ( b. 1941 ) , American artist  Berwick Street Film Collective  Camille Billops ( b. 1933 ) , African-American artist  Dara Birnbaum ( b. 1946 ) , American video and installation artist  Louise Bourgeois ( 1911 -- 2010 ) , French-American artist and sculptor  Sheila Levrant de Bretteville ( b. 1940 ) , American graphic designer and artist  Theresa Hak Kyung Cha ( 1951 -- 1982 ) , South Korean-born American novelist and artist  Judy Chicago ( b. 1939 ) , American artist  Lygia Clark ( b. 1920 , d. 1988 ) , Brazilian artist  Tee Corinne ( b. 1943 , d. 2006 ) , American artist  Niki de Saint Phalle , Jean Tinguely , and Per Olof Ultvedt  Jay DeFeo ( 1929 -- 1989 ) , American artist  Disband  Assia Djebar ( 1936 -- 2015 ) , Algerian filmmaker  Rita Donagh ( b. 1939 ) , British artist  Kirsten Dufour ( b. 1941 ) , Danish artist  Lili Dujourie ( b. 1941 ) , Belgian video artist  Mary Beth Edelson ( b. 1933 ) , American artist  Rose English British performance artist  VALIE EXPORT ( b. 1940 ) , Austrian artist  Jacqueline Fahey ( b. 1929 ) , New Zealand painter  Louise Fishman ( b. 1939 ) , American painter  Audrey Flack ( b. 1931 ) , American artist  Iole de Freitas ( b. 1945 ) , Brazilian photographer and filmmaker  Isa Genzken ( b. 1948 ) , German artist  Nancy Grossman ( b. 1940 ) , American artist  Barbara Hammer ( b. 1939 ) , American filmmaker  Harmony Hammond ( b. 1944 ) , American artist and writer  Margaret Harrison ( b. 1940 ) , English artist  Mary Heilmann ( b. 1940 ) , American artist  Lynn Hershman ( b. 1941 ) , American artist and filmmaker  Eva Hesse ( 1936 -- 1970 ) , Jewish German-born American sculptor  Susan Hiller ( b. 1940 ) , American artist  Rebecca Horn ( b. 1944 ) , German visual artist  Alexis Hunter ( b. 1948 , d. 2014 ) , New Zealand painter and photographer  Mako Idemitsu ( b. 1940 ) , Japanese filmmaker  Sanja Iveković ( b. 1949 ) , Croatian photographer , sculptor and installation artist  Joan Jonas ( b. 1936 ) , American video and performance artist  Kirsten Justesen ( b. 1943 ) , Danish artist  Mary Kelly ( b. 1941 ) , American conceptual artist  Joyce Kozloff ( b. 1942 ) , American artist  Friedl Kubelka ( b. 1946 ) , Austrian photographer  Shigeko Kubota ( b. 1937 ) , Japanese-born video artist , sculptor and performance artist  Yayoi Kusama ( b. 1929 ) , Japanese artist and writer  Ketty La Rocca ( b. 1938 , d. 1976 ) , Italian artist  Suzanne Lacy ( b. 1945 ) , American artist  Suzy Lake ( b. 1947 ) , American-Canadian artist  Maria Lassnig ( 1919 -- 2014 ) , Austrian artist  Lesbian Art Project ( 1977 -- 1979 ) , participatory art movement in Los Angeles  Lee Lozano ( 1930 -- 1999 ) , American artist  Léa Lublin ( b. 1929 ) , Polish-French performance artist  Anna Maria Maiolino ( b. 1942 ) , Italian-Brazilian artist  Mónica Mayer ( b. 1954 ) , Mexican artist  Ana Mendieta ( 1948 -- 1985 ) , Cuban American performance artist , sculptor , painter and video artist  Annette Messager ( b. 1943 ) , French visual artist  Marta Minujín and Richard Squires  Nasreen Mohamedi ( 1937 -- 1990 ) , Indian artist  Linda M. Montano ( b. 1942 ) , American performance artist  Ree Morton ( 1936 -- 1977 ) , American artist  Laura Mulvey and Peter Wollen  Alice Neel ( 1900 -- 1984 ) , American artist  Senga Nengudi ( b. 1943 ) , African-American artist  Ann Newmarch ( b. 1945 ) , Australian artist  Lorraine O'Grady ( b. 1934 ) , American conceptual artist  Pauline Oliveros ( b. 1932 ) , American composer  Yoko Ono ( b. 1933 ) , Japanese multimedia artist  ORLAN ( b. 1947 ) , French artist  Ulrike Ottinger ( b. 1942 ) , German filmmaker  Gina Pane ( 1939 -- 1990 ) , French artist  Catalina Parra ( b. 1940 ) , Chilean artist  Ewa Partum ( b. 1945 ) , Polish-German artist  Howardena Pindell ( b. 1943 ) , American abstract artist  Adrian Piper ( b. 1948 ) , American conceptual artist  Sylvia Plimack Mangold ( b. 1938 ) , American artist , painter , printmaker , and pastelist  Sally Potter ( b. 1949 ) , English filmmaker and performance artist  Yvonne Rainer ( b. 1934 ) , American dancer , choreographer , and filmmaker  Ursula Reuter Christiansen ( b. 1943 ) , German-Danish filmmaker and painter  Lis Rhodes ( b. 1942 ) , British artist  Faith Ringgold ( b. 1930 ) African-American artist  Ulrike Rosenbach ( b. 1943 ) , German video and performance artist  Martha Rosler ( b. 1943 ) , American artist  Betye Saar ( b. 1926 ) , American artist  Miriam Schapiro ( b. 1923 ) , Canadian artist  Mira Schendel ( 1919 -- 1988 ) , Brazilian artist  Carolee Schneemann ( b. 1939 ) , American artist  Joan Semmel ( b. 1932 ) , American feminist painter  Bonnie Sherk ( b. 1945 ) , American landscape architect and performance artist  Cindy Sherman ( b. 1954 ) , American photographer  Katharina Sieverding ( b. 1944 ) , Czech photographer  Sylvia Sleigh ( 1916 -- 2010 ) , Welsh-born realist painter  Alexis Smith ( b. 1949 ) , American artist  Barbara T. Smith ( b. 1931 ) , American performance artist  Mimi Smith ( b. 1942 ) , American artist  Joan Snyder ( b. 1940 ) , American painter  Valerie Solanas ( 1936 -- 1988 ) , American writer  Annegret Soltau ( b. 1946 ) , German artist  Nancy Spero ( 1926 -- 2009 ) , American artist  Spiderwoman Theater  Lisa Steele ( b. 1947 ) , Canadian video artist  Sturtevant  Cosey Fanni Tutti ( b. 1951 ) , English performance artist  Mierle Laderman Ukeles ( b. 1939 ) , American artist  Cecilia Vicuña ( b. 1947 ) , Chilean poet , artist and filmmaker  June Wayne ( 1918 -- 2011 ) , American printmaker , tapestry designer and painter  `` Where We At '' Black Women Artists  Colette Whiten ( b. 1945 ) , sculpture , installation and performance artist  Faith Wilding ( b. 1943 ) , Paraguayan American multidisciplinary artist  Hannah Wilke ( b. 1940 , d. 1993 ) , American artist  Francesca Woodman ( 1958 -- 1981 ) , American photographer  Nil Yalter , Judy Blum , and Nicole Croiset  Nil Yalter ( b. 1938 ) , Egyptian-French artist , co-founder of Groupe de Cinq  Zarina ( b. 1937 ) , Indian artist

neg: Paint (disambiguation) Paint is a pigmented liquid or paste used to apply color to a surface , often by artists .   Paint may also refer to :

neg: Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians .   In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .

neg: Tomasz Rut Tomasz Rut ( pronounced root ) was born in 1961 and raised in Warsaw , Poland , the son of an Olympic athlete father and artist mother who together encouraged a love of art and the classics . During his childhood Rut was introduced to the Pompeiien Frescos as well as Renaissance and Baroque art , which have influenced his oils on canvas , murals , and graphic works . Rut had his first showing in Warsaw at the age of eleven .   Trained in Art Conservation at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw , Rut continued his education in New York City at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and at Columbia University in Manhattan . He eventually took a job in art conservation for the Biltmore House in Asheville , North Carolina , traveling the east coast restoring large scale murals in museums and mansions for such clients as the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Treasury Department in Washington , DC , the New Jersey State House in Trenton , the Gusman Center for the Arts and Vizcaya Museum in Miami .   It was during these travels he began to notice the void of figurative paintings from the past that one could purchase , so Rut invented a style aimed at filling this void . This style incorporated cracked canvasses that mimic aged Italian frescoes and figurative oils . `` The one element evident in all of my paintings is the superficial patina or aging , '' which is created with a variety of transparent and semitransparent glazes , giving each work the aged and classic appearance that exemplifies Rut 's style .   Rut 's mural size paintings are contemporary conversions of the classical vocabulary variously continued by Michelangelo , Raphael , Titian , and Rubens . In making them he returns to antiquity by a double detour . First , he sets in motion the charming unreal apparatus of the Quattrocento mise-en-scene , and more importantly its heroic nudity , vigorous modeling , expressive anatomic structure , powerful movement and fascinating physiognomy . Tinged with sadness , his super-human youths play once more on Arcadian pipes ( i.e. pan flute ) - a motif also reprised by Matisse . Alternatively , he offers us impossible delicate , gracile females - ` still unravished bride ( s ) of quietness ' - delimiting them with sylvan togas and braided tresses . Nor does he leave rearing steeds , which in the grand manner represent humanity 's turbulent passions .   Dorothy Keane-White , Art Curator & Director for Northwood University .   The subjects of Rut 's paintings , whether a figure , horse , or object , is at the center of every work , surrounded by compressed space with few background details to distract from the subject .

neg: Conceptual art Conceptual art , sometimes simply called conceptualism , is art in which the concept ( s ) or idea ( s ) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic , technical , and material concerns . Some works of conceptual art , sometimes called installations , may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions . This method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt 's definition of Conceptual art , one of the first to appear in print :   Tony Godfrey , author of Conceptual Art ( Art & Ideas ) ( 1998 ) , asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art , a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal , early manifesto of conceptual art , `` Art after Philosophy '' ( 1969 ) . The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the influential art critic Clement Greenberg 's vision of Modern art during the 1950s . With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s , however , conceptual artists such as Joseph Kosuth , Lawrence Weiner and the English Art & Language group began a far more radical interrogation of art than was previously possible ( see below ) . One of the first and most important things they questioned was the common assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects .   Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s , in popular usage , particularly in the UK , `` conceptual art '' came to denote all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture . It could be said that one of the reasons why the term `` conceptual art '' has come to be associated with various contemporary practices far removed from its original aims and forms lies in the problem of defining the term itself . As the artist Mel Bochner suggested as early as 1970 , in explaining why he does not like the epithet `` conceptual '' , it is not always entirely clear what `` concept '' refers to , and it runs the risk of being confused with `` intention . '' Thus , in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as `` conceptual '' with an artist 's `` intention . ''

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .


query: Gianluigi Buffon has yet to win the Coppa Italia.

pos: Gianluigi Buffon Gianluigi `` Gigi '' Buffon ( -LSB- ˈdʒiːdʒi bufˈfɔn -RSB- , Ufficiale OMRI ; born 28 January 1978 ) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper . He captains both Serie A club Juventus and the Italy national team . He is widely regarded by players , pundits and managers to be one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time , and , by some , to be the greatest ever . Buffon is one of only eighteen players to have made at least 1,000 professional career appearances ; with 168 international caps , Buffon is also the most capped player in the history of the Italian national team , the joint fifth-most capped male international footballer of all time , alongside Iván Hurtado , and the most capped European international player ever . Buffon is known for his `` outstanding shot-stopping '' and for being `` a vocal organizer of the defence and a key dressing room personality '' . He is currently the most expensive goalkeeper in history , following his $ 53 million transfer from Parma to Juventus in 2001 . Buffon holds the record for the most clean sheets in Serie A , and with the Italy national team ; he also holds the record for the longest streak without conceding a goal in Serie A history : over 12 league matches , he went unbeaten for 974 consecutive minutes during the 2015 -- 16 season , as well as having achieved the most consecutive clean sheets ( 10 ) in Serie A in that same season .   At club level , Buffon 's professional career began with Parma in 1995 , where he made his Serie A debut , and was soon promoted to the role of starting goalkeeper , earning a reputation as one of the most promising young goalkeepers in Italy ; during his time with the club , he won the Coppa Italia , the UEFA Cup and the Supercoppa Italiana , all in 1999 . After joining Juventus in 2001 , Buffon immediately won Serie A titles in both of his first two seasons at the club , and established himself as one of the best players in the world in his position . After winning two more consecutive league titles in 2005 and 2006 , the club were later stripped of these titles and relegated due to their involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal . Despite rumours of his departure , Buffon remained with Juventus , contributing to the club 's Serie B title and promotion back to Serie A in 2007 . Following several trophyless seasons , Buffon later played a key role in Juventus ' resurgence , which saw the club win an Italian record of six consecutive league titles between 2011 and 2017 ; he also inherited the captain 's armband following the departure of Alessandro Del Piero in 2012 . In total , he has won eight Serie A titles , three Coppa Italia titles , and five Supercoppa Italiana titles with Juventus .   With the Italy national team , Buffon has been called up for an international record of five FIFA World Cup tournaments ( 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 ) since making his debut in 1997 , featuring in four of them as Italy 's starting goalkeeper ( he was an unused substitute in 1998 ) . He was the starting goalkeeper of the Italian team that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup , which saw him keep a record five clean sheets , and concede only two goals , neither of which were in open play . He has also represented Italy at four European Championships , at the 1996 Olympics , and at two FIFA Confederations Cups , winning a bronze medal in the 2013 edition of the tournament .   Buffon has also won numerous , prestigious individual and team awards . He was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players in 2004 . He has been named the Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year a record eleven times . Buffon was the winner of the 2006 Yashin Award following Italy 's World Cup victory , in which he was also elected to be part of the Team of the Tournament ; an honour which he also received after reaching the quarter-finals of the 2008 European Championships , and the final of the 2012 European Championships . Buffon is the only goalkeeper to have won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year Award , which he won in 2003 after reaching the Champions League final ; he also won the award for best Goalkeeper that year , and was voted into the UEFA Team of the Year in 2003 , 2004 , 2006 and 2016 . In 2006 , Buffon was runner-up for the Ballon d'Or and was elected to be part of the FIFPro World XI , an honour which he also achieved in 2007 . After reaching the 2015 Champions League final , he was named to the 2014 -- 15 UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season , and placed fourth in the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award . He has been named the IFFHS World 's Best Goalkeeper four times ( second only to Iker Casillas , with five awards ) and was also named the best goalkeeper of the 21st century , of the past 25 years , and of the decade , by the same organisation . In 2016 , he became the first goalkeeper ever to win the Golden Foot Award , which pertains to both personality and playing ability .

neg: List of Atalanta B.C. seasons Atalanta B.C. is an Italian professional football club based in Bergamo , Lombardy , who play their matches in Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia . The club was formed in 1907 , and joined the Italian league in 1929 .   The club has won the Prima Divisione ( predecessor of Serie A ) once and the Coppa Italia once . They won the Serie B 6 times and the Serie C 1 time .   This list details the club 's achievements in major competitions , and the top scorers for each season . Top scorers in bold were also the top scorers in the Italian league that season . Records of local or regional competitions are not included due to them being considered of less importance .

neg: Alessandro Del Piero Alessandro `` Alex '' Del Piero ( -LSB- alesˈsandro del ˈpjɛːro -RSB- ) Ufficiale OMRI ( born 9 November 1974 ) is an Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a deep-lying forward , although he was capable of playing in several offensive positions . In 2015 , he worked as a pundit for Sky Sport Italia .   A technically gifted , and creative supporting forward , who was also a free-kick specialist , Del Piero is widely regarded by players , pundits , and managers as one of the greatest players of his generation , and as one of the best Italian players of all time , winning the Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year award in 1998 and 2008 . A prolific goal-scorer , he is currently the second highest all-time Italian top-scorer in all competitions , with 346 goals , behind only Silvio Piola , with 390 goals ; he is also the joint ninth highest goalscorer in Serie A history , with 188 goals , alongside Giuseppe Signori and Alberto Gilardino . After beginning his career with Italian club Padova in Serie B in 1991 , he moved to Juventus F.C. in 1993 , where he played for 19 seasons ( 11 as captain ) , and holds the club records for most goals ( 290 ) and appearances ( 705 ) . During his time at the club , he won six Serie A titles , the Coppa Italia , four Supercoppa Italiana titles , the UEFA Champions League , the UEFA Super Cup , the UEFA Intertoto Cup , and the Intercontinental Cup . After leaving the club in 2012 , he also spent two seasons with Australian side Sydney FC ; he retired after a season with Delhi Dynamos FC in the Indian Super League , in 2014 .   Del Piero has scored in every competition in which he has participated . In 2004 , he was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pelé as a part of FIFA 's centenary celebrations . In the same year , he was also voted into the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll , a list of the 50 best European players of the past 50 years . Along with six awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct , he has also won the Golden Foot award , which pertains to personality as well as playing ability .   At international level , Del Piero has also represented the Italian national team at three FIFA World Cups and four UEFA European Football Championships , most notably winning the 2006 FIFA World Cup , and reaching the final of UEFA Euro 2000 with Italy . He is the joint fourth highest scorer for the Italian national team , with 27 goals , alongside Roberto Baggio , and behind only Silvio Piola with 30 goals , Giuseppe Meazza with 33 goals , and Luigi Riva with 35 goals ; with 91 appearances for Italy between 1995 and 2008 , he is also his nation 's ninth-most capped player of all-time .

neg: Simone Perrotta Simone Perrotta , Ufficiale OMRI ( born 17 September 1977 in Ashton-under-Lyne , England ) is a retired Italian footballer who played as a midfielder . Throughout his career he stood out for his work-rate , energy , and box-to-box play as a ball-winner in midfield . After initially playing for Italian sides Reggina , Juventus , Bari , and Chievo , he went on to spend most of his career with Serie A club Roma , from 2004 , until his retirement on 29 June 2013 ; he won consecutive Coppa Italia titles with the club in 2007 and 2008 , as well as the 2007 Supercoppa Italiana .   Born in England , at international level , he represented the Italian national football team on 48 occasions between 2002 and 2009 , scoring 2 goals . He was a member of the team that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup , and also represented Italy in two UEFA European Championships .

neg: 2001 Coppa Italia Final The 2001 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 2000 -- 01 Coppa Italia , the 53rd season of the top cup competition in Italian football . The match was played over two legs on 24 May and 13 June 2001 between Parma and Fiorentina . The final was won by Fiorentina , who claimed their sixth Coppa Italia title with a 2 -- 1 aggregate victory .

neg: Italy national under-21 football team The Italy national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Italy and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation .   The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship , held every two years . Italy is the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with five Championships won ( 1992 , 1994 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 ) . Italy has also been twice runner-up of the competition , in 1986 and 2013 .   From 1990 to 2004 the team established near-total dominance of European Under-21 football , winning five of the seven tournaments .   Italy 's Under-21s played the first match at the new Wembley Stadium , on 24 March 2007 , against England Under-21s . The game resulted in a 3-3 draw , with Giampaolo Pazzini scoring all 3 goals for the Azzurrini .   Prior to the 2008 Olympic games , Italy U-21s went on to win the 2008 Toulon Tournament by beating Chile ( 1-0 ) in the final . It was the first time they had won this tournament , previously their best had been runner-up on two occasions .   In the 2015 U-21 Championship Italy was eliminated in the group stage .

neg: 2014–15 Udinese Calcio season The 2014 -- 15 season was Udinese Calcio 's 35th in Serie A , and their 20th consecutive season in the top-flight . Having missed out on European football for the first time since the 2010 -- 11 season , the club competed domestically in Serie A and in the Coppa Italia , finishing 16th and being eliminated in the round of 16 , respectively .

neg: 2010–11 Inter Milan season Football Club Internazionale Milano will take part in the 2010 -- 11 season in the Italian Serie A . They also will take part in the UEFA Champions League and the Coppa Italia , as titles holders of all these competitions . Internazionale won the Supercoppa Italiana against Roma , and Club World Cup against TP Mazembe , but lost the UEFA Super Cup against Atlético Madrid .

neg: 1999–2000 UEFA Cup The 1999 -- 2000 UEFA Cup season was the 29th edition of the UEFA Cup competition . The final took place at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen and was won by Galatasaray , who defeated Arsenal in the final . The game was scoreless through the first ninety minutes and stayed that way through thirty minutes of extra time . The match went on to penalty kicks in which Gheorghe Popescu scored the winning goal to win the cup . Galatasaray won the cup without losing a single game . The competition was marred by violence involving English and Turkish hooligans in the semi-finals and the final , in particular the fatal stabbings of Leeds United fans Kevin Speight and Christopher Loftus by Galatasaray fans in Istanbul .   Parma were the defending champions , but were eliminated by Werder Bremen in the fourth round .   It was the first season of the new format UEFA Cup ; it had absorbed the now defunct Cup Winners ' Cup to include domestic cup winners , and now featured an additional knockout round . This season 's champions qualified for the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship , which was never disputed . So far , Galatasaray are the only UEFA Cup champions to qualify for a Club World Cup .

neg: 2008–09 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The knockout phase of the 2008 -- 09 UEFA Champions League began on 24 February 2009 and concluded with the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 . The knockout phase involves the 16 teams who finished in the top two in each of their groups in the group stage .   Each tie in the knockout phase , apart from the final , will be played over two legs , with each team playing one leg at home . The team that has the higher aggregate score over the two legs will progress to the next round . In the event that aggregate scores finish level , the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs will progress . If away goals are also equal , 30 minutes of extra time are played . If there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level , the visiting team qualifies by virtue of more away goals scored . If no goals are scored during extra time , there will be a penalty shootout after extra time .   In the draw for the first knockout round , matches are played between the winner of one group and the runner-up of a different group . The only restriction on the drawing of teams in the first knockout round is that the teams must not be from the same national association or have played in the same group in the group stages . From the quarter-finals onwards , these restrictions do not apply .   In the final , the tie is played over just one leg at a neutral venue . If scores are level at the end of normal time in the final , extra time is played , followed by penalties if scores remain tied .

neg: Italian Football Federation The Italian Football Federation ( Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio FIGC ) , also known as Federcalcio , is the governing body of football in Italy and is a founding member of UEFA and a member of FIFA . It organises the Italian football league , Coppa Italia , Italian national football team , and the Italian women 's national football team . The headquarters is in Rome and technical department in Coverciano , Florence .

neg: 2014–15 Coppa Italia The 2014 -- 15 Coppa Italia , also known as TIM Cup for sponsorship reasons , was the 67th edition of the national cup in Italian football . Napoli were the defending champions , having won the previous year 's final , but were eliminated in the semi-finals by Lazio . Juventus emerged victorious with a 2 -- 1 win in extra time , achieving a record tenth title .

neg: Angelo Alessio Angelo Alessio ( born 29 April 1965 in Capaccio ) is as Italian coach and a former player , who played as a midfielder .   Alessio made small stints at Serie B and Lega Pro teams during the early years of his managerial career , however it was not until his combination with Antonio Conte at Siena , where his talents were truly noticed . After achieving promotion out of the Serie B under Conte with Siena the pair accepted the job at Juventus . At Juventus , Alessio enjoyed three consecutive years of Serie A domination , with Three league titles and two Coppa Italias . After three years at Juventus , in which he once managed as caretaker from October 2012 to December 2012 , again joined Conte at the Italy national football team . After a somewhat successful term and Italy 's exit out of the Euros , Alessio parted with Italy and again to followed Conte to Chelsea , where he currently resides .

neg: 1961 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final The 1961 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final was an association football match played over two legs between Roma of Italy and Birmingham City of England . The first leg was played in Birmingham on 27 September 1961 , and the second leg was played on 11 October in Rome . It was the final of the third edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup , an invitational competition open to teams representing host cities of industrial trade fairs . Birmingham had lost to Barcelona in the previous final ; Roma were appearing for the first time .   Each club needed to progress through three rounds to reach the final . Matches were contested over two legs , with one leg at each team 's home ground . Birmingham won all but one of their six legs , and beat Internazionale home and away : no other English team was to defeat Inter in the San Siro stadium for another 40 years . Roma took a lengthier route to the final : they required a replay in both quarter-final and semi-final , although won each replay by a comfortable margin .   In the first leg of the final , played in front of a crowd of only 21,000 at St Andrew 's , Pedro Waldemar Manfredini scored twice for Roma , and goalkeeper Fabio Cudicini made several high-class saves , before Mike Hellawell and Bryan Orritt scored late in the game to equalise the scores . In the second leg , watched by 60,000 spectators , Roma won by two goals to nil -- an own goal when an attempted clearance rebounded off Brian Farmer 's shin , and a shot from distance by Paolo Pestrin very late in the game while Birmingham 's players were all upfield attacking -- in the Stadio Olimpico to win their first and , , only trophy in European competition .

neg: 2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 .   United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final .   United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .

neg: Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time .   Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 .   Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament .   On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .

neg: 2009–10 UEFA Champions League The 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League was the 55th season of Europe 's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the 18th under the current UEFA Champions League format . The final was played on 22 May 2010 , at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , home ground of Real Madrid , in Madrid , Spain . The final was won by Italian club Internazionale , who beat German side Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 . Internazionale went on to represent Europe in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup , beating Congolese side TP Mazembe 3 -- 0 in the final , and played in the 2010 UEFA Super Cup against Europa League winners Atlético Madrid , losing 2 -- 0 .   Barcelona were the defending champions , but were eliminated by eventual winners Internazionale in the semi-finals .

neg: UEFA European Under-21 Championship The UEFA European Under-21 Championship ( also known as the UEFA Euro U-21s ) is a football competition organised by the sport 's European governing body , UEFA . It is held every two years . The competition has existed in its current form since 1978 . It was preceded by the Under 23 Challenge Cup which ran from 1967 to 1970 . A true Under 23 championship was then formed , starting in 1972 .   The age limit was reduced to 21 for the 1978 championship and it has remained so since . To be eligible for the campaign ending in 2017 , players need to be born in or after 1994 . Many can be actually 23 years old by the time the finals tournament takes place ; however , when the qualification process began ( 2015 ) all players would have been 21 or under .   Under-21 matches are typically played on the day before senior internationals and where possible , the same qualifying groups and fixtures were played out . This was not true for the shortened 2006-2007 Championship .   This tournament serves as qualifier for the Summer Olympics . It has been considered a stepping stone toward the senior team . Players such as 2014 World Cup winner Mesut Özil , Klaas-Jan Huntelaar , Luís Figo , Petr Čech , 2010 World Cup winner Iker Casillas , 2006 World Cup winners Francesco Totti , Fabio Cannavaro , Gianluigi Buffon , Alberto Gilardino and Andrea Pirlo , and Euro 2004 winner Georgios Karagounis began their international careers in the youth teams .   Sweden are the reigning champions , defeating Portugal in the 2015 final , on penalties . The finals of the 2015 competition were hosted by Czech Republic .

neg: 1994–95 Serie A The 1994 -- 95 Serie A was won by Juventus F.C. , who finished 10 points ahead of their nearest rivals Lazio and Parma . Two pieces of silverware were seized by Juventus , who won the Coppa Italia but were beaten in the final of the UEFA Cup by Parma . Milan 's fourth-place finish after three successive Serie A titles was joined with further disappointment in the UEFA Champions League , as they lost the final to Dutch champions Ajax . The relegated Serie A sides this season were Genoa , Foggia , Reggiana and Brescia .   This was the first Serie A season to award three points for a win in the league table .

neg: UEFA Euro 2012 The 2012 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012 , was the 14th European Championship for men 's national football teams organised by UEFA . The final tournament , held between 8 June and 1 July 2012 , was co-hosted for the first time by Poland and Ukraine , and was won by Spain , who beat Italy 4 -- 0 in the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy in Kiev , Ukraine .   Poland and Ukraine 's bid was chosen by UEFA 's Executive Committee on 18 April 2007 . The two host teams qualified automatically while the remaining 14 finalists were decided through a qualifying competition , featuring 51 teams , from August 2010 to November 2011 . This was the last European Championship to employ the 16-team finals format in use since 1996 ; from Euro 2016 onward , it was expanded to 24 finalists .   Euro 2012 was played at eight venues , four in each host country . Five new stadiums were built for the tournament , and the hosts invested heavily in improving infrastructure such as railways and roads at UEFA 's request . Euro 2012 set attendance records for the 16-team format , for the highest aggregate attendance ( 1,440,896 ) and average per game ( 46,481 ) .   Spain became the first team to win two consecutive European Championships , and also three straight major tournaments ( Euro 2008 , 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012 ) . Spain had already gained entry to the 2013 Confederations Cup by winning the 2010 World Cup , so runners-up Italy qualified instead . As at Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland , both 2012 host nations were eliminated in the group stage .

neg: 2014–15 ACF Fiorentina season The 2014 -- 15 season was the 88th season in ACF Fiorentina 's history and their 77th season in Serie A . The club competed in Serie A , finishing fourth , the Coppa Italia , and in the UEFA Europa League .