query: Formula One car performance is heavily dependent on electric sensors.

pos: Formula One Formula One ( also Formula 1 or F1 and officially the FIA Formula One World Championship ) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) . The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950 , although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983 . The `` formula '' , designated in the name , refers to a set of rules , to which all participants ' cars must conform . The F1 season consists of a series of races , known as Grands Prix ( from French , meaning grand prizes ) , held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads .   The results of each race are evaluated using a points system to determine two annual World Championships , one for drivers , one for constructors . The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences , the highest class of racing licence issued by the FIA . The races are required to be held on tracks graded 1 ( formerly A ) , the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA . Most events are held in rural locations on purpose-built tracks , but there are several events in city centres throughout the world , with the Monaco Grand Prix being the most famous example .   Formula One cars are the fastest road course racing cars in the world , owing to very high cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic downforce . Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 rpm . The cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of six g in corners . The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronicsalthough traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008and on aerodynamics , suspension , and tyres . The formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport .   While Europe is the sport 's traditional base , and hosts about half of each year 's races , the sport 's scope has expanded significantly and an increasing number of Grands Prix are held on other continents . F1 had a total global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season . Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular type internationally in the second half of the twentieth century . The Formula One Group is the legal holder of the commercial rights .   With the cost of designing and building mid-tier cars being of the order of $ 120 million , Formula One 's economic effect and creation of jobs are significant , and its financial and political battles are widely reported . Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment , which has resulted in great investments from sponsors and budgets in the hundreds of millions for the constructors . Since 2000 the sport 's spiralling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favouring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy .   On 8 September 2016 it was announced that Liberty Media Corp. had agreed to buy Delta Topco , the company that controls Formula One , from private equity firm CVC Capital Partners for $ 4.4 billion in cash , stock and convertible debt . On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $ 8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco .

neg: Schumacher BTCC The Schumacher BTCC is a race series for radio-controlled cars . It is organised by Schumacher Racing Products in the UK and run to BRCA rules . The series takes place on eight different tracks all over the UK , however it is not to be confused with the BRCA National Championship series .   The championship was first started by Schumacher in 1995 solely as a modified touring car support class to the BRCA Pro-10 circuit championship , but within a couple of years , the entries for the touring cars surpassed the Pro-10 's , and Schumacher organised a separate meeting to cater for everyone .   It generally features three classes : Stock 27t , Superstock 19t and Modified & Brushless for any make of touring car . 2006 also featured a class for its GTRe on road racer , a three speed electric circuit car . This class took over from Schumacher 's previous Big 6 Lotus class , but was dropped early in 2007 due to lack of entrants .   Each BTCC round features three qualifying heats and two finals , with the best 10 final results counting to each drivers score . The qualifying tames place under usual FTD ( fastest time of the day ) rules , with A-Z Finals . The top three in each final get a trophy . These are supplied by the host club , but Schumacher funds end-of-season trophies to the top three overall drivers in each class , and a special Cecil Schumacher Trophy , to the top Modified driver , in recognition of the origin of the championship . Uniquely , Schumacher provides a range of prizes for an end-of-meeting raffle , in which any entrant has an equal chance of winning . The series uses control tyers , which are the Sorex 28R , 32R or 36R , each pre-glued with a Sorex insert and Rev-Lite wheel . For the first time in 2006 tyre warmers were allowed .

neg: Brake-by-wire In the automotive industry , brake-by-wire technology is the ability to control brakes through electrical means . It can be designed to supplement ordinary service brakes or it can be a standalone brake system .   This technology is widely used on all hybrid and battery electric vehicles , including the Toyota Prius . Brake-by-wire is also common in the form of the electric park brake which is now widely used on mainstream vehicles .   The technology replaces traditional components such as the pumps , hoses , fluids , belts and vacuum servos and master cylinders with electronic sensors and actuators . Drive-by-wire technology in automotive industry replaces the traditional mechanical and hydraulic control systems with electronic control systems using electromechanical actuators and human-machine interfaces such as pedal and steering feel emulators .   Some x-by-wire technologies have been already installed on commercial vehicles such as steer-by-wire , and throttle-by-wire . Brake-by-wire technology has been widely commercialized with the introduction of Battery Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Vehicles . The most widely used application by Toyota in the high volume Prius was preceded by the GM EV1 , the Rav4 EV , and other EVs where the technology is required for regenerative braking . Ford , General Motors , and most other manufacturers use the same general design , with the exception of Honda , who designed a notably different design .

neg: Schumacher Menace GTR The Schumacher Menace GTR is a radio-controlled car made by Schumacher Racing Products , powered by a nitro fuel engine . It is essentially a Schumacher Menace made into an on-road car . This is accomplished using lower shock towers , shorter dampers , different tires , wheels and other small adjustments . The end result is an on-road car that is just as fast as the Schumacher Fusion in a straight line speed but that can corner a lot faster due to its wider chassis and more stable nature .   Schumacher also produce an electric powered version , the Schumacher GTRe , which is similar in design but with a 540-size electric motor . The GTRe also includes the three-speed gearbox and disc brake system , something which is highly unusual for an electric RC-car of this type -- electric on-road cars usually use motor braking and no gearbox .

neg: Bahrain Grand Prix The Bahrain Grand Prix is a Formula One Championship race in Bahrain sponsored by Gulf Air . The first race took place at the Bahrain International Circuit on 4 April 2004 . It made history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East , and was given the award for the `` Best Organised Grand Prix '' by the FIA .   The Bahrain Grand Prix has usually been the third race of the Formula One calendar . However , in the 2006 season , Bahrain swapped places with the traditional opener , the Australian Grand Prix , which was pushed back to avoid a clash with the Commonwealth Games . In 2010 , Bahrain staged the opening race of the 2010 season and the cars drove the full 6.299 km `` Endurance Circuit '' to celebrate F1 's ` diamond jubilee ' .   The 2011 Grand Prix , due to be held on 13 March , was cancelled on 21 February due to the 2011 Bahraini protests after drivers including Damon Hill and Mark Webber had protested .   Human rights activists called for a cancellation of 2012 race due to reports of alleged human rights abuses committed by the Bahraini authorities . Team personnel also voiced concerns about safety , but the race , nonetheless , was held as planned on 22 April 2012 .   In 2014 , to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the first staging of the Bahrain Grand Prix , the race was held as a night event under floodlights . In so doing it became the second Formula One night race after the Singapore Grand Prix in 2008 . Bahrain 's inaugural night event was won by Lewis Hamilton . Subsequent races have also been night races .   Shortly after the Formula One February 2014 testing , Grand Prix organizers for Bahrain announced a decision to name the first corner of the iconic track after former seven-time champion German driver Michael Schumacher in honour of his achievements and also in support after the driver suffered an almost fatal skiing accident late December 2013 .

neg: European Formula Two Championship The European Formula Two Championship was a Formula Two motor racing series that was held between 1967 -- 84 . The races were held across Europe , and were contested both by drivers aiming to compete in Formula One in the future as well as current Formula One drivers wishing to practice . The series was sanctioned by the FIA , motorsports world governing body .   In order to prevent the series being dominated by Formula One drivers , the grading system was introduced where successful Formula One drivers and recent Formula Two champions were not eligible to score championship points if they competed in a round of the European Formula Two Championship .   Towards the end of the series life , the number of entrants diminished and declining interest meant that it was replaced by the Formula 3000 class following the 1984 season .

neg: GTR – FIA GT Racing Game GTR -- FIA GT Racing Game is a sports car racing simulator developed by SimBin Studios ( later Sector3 Studios ) for the x86 PC . An Xbox version was announced very early on , but never materialized . In April 2006 , an Xbox 360 version was announced . The Xbox 360 version of the game was to be published by THQ . However , THQ later announced they would no longer be working together with Simbin on the title . Race Pro was released for the Xbox 360 in February 2009 .   As a racing simulator , it attempts to recreate real-world physics as accurately as possible , rather than exaggerating speed and handling abilities for the sake of easier gameplay . Some games that compare to the realism featured in GTR include Grand Prix Legends , Live for Speed and F1 Challenge . It has a full license from the FIA for their GT championship , so it features the original FIA GT Series cars and courses . All tracks were constructed from satellite data to improve accuracy , and the developers were helped by many teams in the GT - and NGT-classes . The game engine produces and outputs telemetry data in a format that is usable by the telemetry software i2 by MoTeC -- a software tool used by real racing teams .   The game has three modes , one with full realism and the two others with reduced levels of realism for intermediate players and newcomers . The user is provided with a great deal of control over the setup of the car , e.g. dampers , springs , anti-roll bars , gear ratios , wings and brake pressure can be adjusted in detail .   Although the user is allowed to map the controls to e.g. a keyboard or joystick/gamepad , a wheel/pedal set is really a requirement for a complete racing experience . GTR fully supports the TrackIR device . StarForce copy protection is used to prevent illegal copies of the game from being produced .   Some consider the graphics to be only mediocre whilst others praise the attention to detail in both car modelling and texturing . What is certain is that GTR does lack some effects seen in contemporary games . However , GTR does enable the player to participate in races with over 60 competitors . The game has been criticized numerous times for poor Netcode which often can result in an online game failing during the start . GTR also suffers from virtually no automatic enforcement of rules and regulations , and so `` fair racing '' is only seen by a few on public servers . The open nature of multiplayer sessions makes it easy for a single player to cause disruption for other players , or even to ruin the entire race . Consequently , joining a GTR league or community often proves beneficial for players who wish to participate in clean online racing . GTR 's rating has been suffered by the comparatively long amount of time needed to load a race .

neg: 1972 Formula One season The 1972 Formula One season was the 26th season of the FIA 's Formula One motor racing . It featured the 23rd World Championship of Drivers , the 15th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers and numerous non-championship Formula One races . The World Championship season commenced on 23 January and ended on 8 October after twelve races .   For 1972 Team Lotus focused again on the type 72 chassis . Imperial Tobacco continued its sponsorship of the team under its new John Player Special brand . The cars , now often referred to as ` JPS ' , were fielded in a new black and gold livery . Lotus took the championship by surprise in 1972 with 25-year-old Brazilian driver Emerson Fittipaldi who became the youngest world champion at that point . Stewart came second in the championship .   This was the first year where all the races were run on circuits with safety features on them , and considerable progress had been made since 1968 , the last year where all races were run on circuits with no safety features .   The British Racing Motors ( BRM ) team took its last victory when Jean-Pierre Beltoise won the rain-affected 1972 Monaco Grand Prix in a BRM P160 .   The Dutch Grand Prix was cancelled this year because of safety arrangements that were not completed for the race . It was supposed to be held between the Belgian and French Grand Prix 's at the usual location , Zandvoort . Also , a second American motor race called the United States Grand Prix West , originally supposed to be held in April at the Ontario Motor Speedway near Los Angeles , was cancelled . The Mexican Grand Prix was scheduled to be the last race of the season , but it was cancelled after local interest dissipated after the death of Pedro Rodríguez .

neg: Automobile handling Automobile handling and vehicle handling are descriptions of the way a wheeled vehicle responds and reacts to the inputs of a driver , as well as how it moves along a track or road . It is commonly judged by how a vehicle performs particularly during cornering , acceleration , and braking as well as on the vehicle 's directional stability when moving in steady state condition .   In the automotive industry , handling and braking are the major components of a vehicle 's `` active '' safety , as well as its ability to perform in Auto Racing . The maximum lateral acceleration is sometimes discussed separately as `` road holding '' . ( This discussion is directed at road vehicles with at least three wheels , but some of it may apply to other ground vehicles ) . Automobiles driven on public roads whose engineering requirements emphasize handling over comfort and passenger space are named sports cars .

neg: 1964 Mexican Grand Prix The 1964 Mexican Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Ciudad Deportiva Magdalena Mixhuca in Mexico City on October 25 , 1964 . It was the final round of the 1964 Formula One season .   It was perhaps the most dramatic finale in the history of the Formula One World Championship . Championship points could only be scored by the first six place finishers ( 9-6-4-3-2-1 ) . Arriving to the race , three drivers had a chance of winning the title : Graham Hill ( BRM ) with 39 points , John Surtees ( Ferrari ) with 34 points and Jim Clark ( Lotus-Climax ) with 30 points . In order to win the title Clark had to win the race and hope that John Surtees would finish not higher than third and Graham Hill not higher than fourth . Surtees could only win the title by finishing first , in each case , or second , unless Hill finished as high as third .   The race began with Clark leading from pole position with Dan Gurney running second in the Brabham-Climax ( Gurney had only ten points going into this race having won the French Grand Prix and scored a sixth place at the Belgian Grand Prix ) . Hill and Lorenzo Bandini , Surtees ' teammate at Ferrari , were duelling for third place with Surtees running a distant fifth , seemingly with no chance at winning the title . Then Bandini ran into the back of Hill 's car causing him to spin and lose a few places . Thereafter Hill 's car ran with a crimped exhaust pipe causing him to lose power . The championship was now firmly in Clark 's grasp . If the positions remained the same , he would be champion with four victories to Hill 's two victories , although they would be tied on points at 39 . But on the penultimate lap , Clark 's engine seized and the positions were now Gurney-Bandini-Surtees . The title was back in Hill 's grasp . Realizing that Surtees could win the title by finishing second , the Ferrari team manager frantically signalled Bandini to slow down as he passed the pits to enter the last lap so as to let Surtees through . Bandini dutifully did so and Surtees finished second , thus winning the World Championship by one point over Hill ( 40 to 39 ) .

neg: 2014–15 Formula E season The 2014 -- 15 FIA Formula E season was the inaugural season of a new FIA championship for electrically powered cars . It began on 13 September 2014 at Beijing in China and finished on 28 June 2015 in London after eleven races . Nelson Piquet Jr. came first in the overall standings , and so became the first ever Formula E champion .

neg: Lewis Hamilton Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton , MBE ( born 7 January 1985 ) is a British Formula One racing driver from England , currently racing for the Mercedes AMG Petronas team . A three-time Formula One World Champion , he is regarded by fellow and former drivers as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport . He won his first title with McLaren in 2008 before moving to Mercedes , where he won back-to-back titles in 2014 and 2015 .   In December 1995 , at the age of ten , he approached McLaren team principal Ron Dennis at the Autosport Awards ceremony and told him , `` I want to race for you one day ... I want to race for McLaren . '' Less than three years later McLaren and Mercedes-Benz signed him to their Young Driver Support Programme . After winning the British Formula Renault , Formula Three Euroseries , and GP2 championships on his way up the racing career ladder , he drove for McLaren in 2007 , making his Formula One debut 12 years after his initial encounter with Dennis . Hamilton 's contract for the McLaren driver development program made him the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in a Formula One drive .   Coming from a mixed background , with a black father and white mother , Hamilton is the first black driver to race in Formula One . Hamilton commented on this , saying `` The way I see it , my colour is an advantage in that it 's something people talk about '' , `` Being the first black man does n't matter much to me personally , but for the sport itself it probably means quite a lot . ''   In his first season in Formula One , Hamilton set numerous records while finishing second in the 2007 Formula One Championship , just one point behind Kimi Räikkönen . He won the World Championship the following season in dramatic fashion , becoming the then-youngest Formula One World Champion in history before Sebastian Vettel broke the record two years later . Following his second world title in 2014 , he was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year . In 2015 , he became the first British driver in history to win consecutive F1 titles , and the second British driver to win three titles after Jackie Stewart . He also became the first English driver to reach that milestone . He is the first driver in the history of F1 to have made the podium after starting 20th place or lower at least 3 times . He is the only driver in the history of the sport to have won at least one race in each season he has competed to date , with McLaren from 2007 until 2012 , and with Mercedes since 2013 . He has more race victories than any other British driver in the history of Formula One . His Grand Prix victories is the second highest of all-time having surpassed Alain Prost 's total of 51 at the 2016 Brazilian Grand Prix , behind only Michael Schumacher at 91 . Hamilton also holds the record for most wins in the season without winning the World Championship , after winning 10 times in the 2016 season where he finished runner-up to teammate Nico Rosberg .

neg: 2008 German Grand Prix The 2008 German Grand Prix ( formally the LXIX Großer Preis Santander von Deutschland ) was a Formula One motor race held on 20 July 2008 at the Hockenheimring , Hockenheim , Germany . It was the 10th race of the 2008 Formula One season and was contested over 67 laps . It was won by Lewis Hamilton for the McLaren team after starting from pole position . Nelson Piquet Jr. finished second for Renault , with Felipe Massa third for Ferrari .   Hamilton maintained his startline advantage and led until he made his first pit stop on lap 18 . As other cars made their pit stops , Hamilton regained the lead on lap 22 . On lap 36 , Timo Glock crashed , and the race was neutralized by the deployment of the safety car . Hamilton , on a two-stop strategy , did not stop to get more fuel during this period , while all the cars around him did . Thus , when he did eventually stop on lap 50 , he rejoined the race in fifth position . In the closing stages of the race , Hamilton first overtook his teammate Heikki Kovalainen , then Massa , and finally Piquet , whilst also gaining a position due to Nick Heidfeld 's late pit stop . This allowed him to take the lead again on lap 60 , which he maintained to win the race .   The victory was Hamilton 's second consecutive win , having won the preceding British Grand Prix at Silverstone . The win also put him ahead of his two main rivals in the Drivers ' Championship , Kimi Räikkönen ( who finished sixth ) and Massa , who were on equal points with him before the race . After the race he was four points ahead of Massa , and seven ahead of Räikkönen . In the Constructors ' Championship , McLaren drew closer to the two teams ahead of them , BMW Sauber and Ferrari . Ferrari still led by 15 points from McLaren , and 12 from BMW , whose drivers -- Nick Heidfeld and Robert Kubica -- finished fourth and seventh respectively .

neg: Motor fuel A motor fuel is a fuel that is used to provide power to motor vehicles .   Currently , the majority of motor vehicles worldwide are powered by gasoline or diesel . Other energy sources include ethanol , biodiesel , propane , compressed natural gas ( CNG ) , electric batteries charged from an external source , and hydrogen . The use of alternative fuels is increasing , especially in Europe . Before deciding on a particular fuel type , some factors should be considered :  The profitability of a solution  The workload in relation to one 's own driving performance - if someone drives short distances , he will have very little benefit for himself and the environment  The refuelling / charging infrastructure should be sufficiently developed so that one can use its vehicle flexibly and does not have to worry about refuelling / charging

neg: 1998 Italian Grand Prix The 1998 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 13 September 1998 . The race was won by Michael Schumacher . This was also the last win for tyre manufacturer Goodyear in Formula One .   It was a dramatic race , Häkkinen got a blinding start pushing his way past Jacques Villeneuve and Michael Schumacher on the front row , at same time it was a dreadful start for Schumacher who fell down to 5th , soon after he passed Villeneuve for 4th then Irvine for 3rd .   Häkkinen was struggling with a developing brake issue soon after and he waved his team mate Coulthard through , but soon after Coulthard 's engine blew and seconds later Schumacher , who had caught Häkkinen , passed the Finn when Häkkinen had adjusted his brake bias forwards to cope with the brake problem and ran wide due to the smoke from Coulthard 's engine .   Villeneuve running very low downforce soon spun out of the race , and Häkkinen started catching Schumacher again . Häkkinen was just three seconds behind with a handful of laps remaining , but then his rear brakes failed , sending him into a wild spin at the Roggia chicane . He was able to keep his engine running and kept going , but at the beginning of the next lap he went off again at the first Rettifilo chicane , and Irvine reeled him in and took 2nd off him . Soon after Ralf Schumacher caught and over took Häkkinen who was able to limp home in 4th .   It was jubliant scenes for the Italian crowd as Michael Schumacher came home first and his Ferrari team mate Eddie Irvine took second with Ralf Schumacher 3rd , meaning the Jordan team had finished on all three podium places in two races .   Michael Schumacher was now level on points with Mika Häkkinen going into the Nürburgring , the penultimate round .

neg: 2004 Formula One season The 2004 Formula One season was the 58th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 2004 FIA Formula One World Championship , which was contested over an eighteen event series which ran from 7 March to 24 October 2004 . The championship was dominated by Michael Schumacher and Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro with the German driver winning the Drivers ' Championship for the fifth consecutive year since 2000 and the Italian constructor winning the Constructors ' Championship for the sixth straight season since 1999 . Also notable were the success of BAR and Renault , and the relatively poor performance of Williams and McLaren .   Michael Schumacher won 12 of the first 13 races and eventually scored 13 race victories , breaking his own record of 11 race wins in a season , set in 2002 . He also won a record seventh Drivers ' Championship with his teammate Rubens Barrichello winning two of the last four races and finishing second in the title . Jenson Button , though failing to win a grand prix , secured ten podium finishes and one pole position to finish third in the Drivers ' Championship . Along with Japanese teammate Takuma Sato , Button delivered BAR an impressive second place in the Constructors ' Championship behind Ferrari .   Four of the ten teams , Ferrari , Renault , Jaguar , and Toyota , were subsidiaries of major car companies and one , BAR , was a division of a tobacco company . Williams and McLaren , both privately owned teams , had engine supply agreements with major car companies , BMW and Mercedes-Benz respectively , and Honda produced engines for BAR . The other three teams , Jordan , Sauber and Minardi , were also privately owned but received little substantial sponsorship , and consequently tended to end up toward the back of the grid . Sauber received Ferrari engines badged under the Petronas name , and also received sponsorship from the Malaysian oil and gas company .   This season saw the Minardi team score their first points since 2002 , with Zsolt Baumgartner finishing 8th at the 2004 United States Grand Prix .   The 2004 Canadian Grand Prix was a very dramatic race . First , Timo Glock replaced Giorgio Pantano in this race , due to personal circumstances for Pantano . Then , Williams and Toyota were excluded from the race due to an irregularity in the brake ducts . That meant the Jordan team was the main beneficiary of the disqualifications , with Nick Heidfeld and Timo Glock both scoring points , Glock in his debut Formula One race . Immediately before the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix , Giorgio Pantano was dropped by the Jordan team and Timo Glock replaced him for the last 3 races .   Ralf Schumacher had a difficult season . He suffered a massive accident during the 2004 United States Grand Prix and was out of action for 6 races . Marc Gené and Antônio Pizzonia replaced him during his absence .   Jarno Trulli 's relationship with the Renault team deteriorated after his first victory at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . He left the team after the 2004 Italian Grand Prix , which was also Pantano 's last race for the Jordan team . Former world champion Jacques Villeneuve replaced Jarno Trulli at Renault for the final 3 races . Trulli missed the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix , but he returned in the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix and the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix with the Toyota team . That meant the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix was Jarno Trulli 's first race with the new team .   Cristiano da Matta 's string of disappointing results during the season led to his replacement by test driver Ricardo Zonta from Hungary onwards except the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix . Da Matta did not race for Toyota again and in 2005 he returned to Champ Car racing .   This was Olivier Panis 's last season as he decided to retire from the race seat after 2004 Japanese Grand Prix . However he stayed with the Toyota team , as the test driver .   2004 was the final season for Jaguar Racing and engine manufacturer Ford , as they both withdrew from Formula One at the end of the year .   This season saw all ten teams score at least one World Championship point .   From the 2004 season onward , all teams which had not finished in the top four in the previous year 's Constructors ' Championship were allowed to run a third car in the Friday practice session before each grand prix , for testing purposes . Other teams were also permitted to have test drivers , although they were not allowed to compete in Friday practice . Sauber chose not to run its third driver in these sessions because of the added expense .

neg: Lotus 87 The Lotus 87 was a Formula One racing car used by Team Lotus in the second part of the 1981 Formula One season and in the first race of the 1982 season .   The car , driven by Italian Elio de Angelis and future world champion Nigel Mansell , was another step in Lotus ' development of ground effect cars . Its predecessor , the Lotus 81 had proven to suffer from a chassis that was not rigid enough , compared to the dominant Williams FW07 . Lotus therefore introduced a new chassis , built out of carbon fibre and reinforced by kevlar sheets , since the team felt carbon fibre alone would not be sufficient to provide the chassis with the stability needed . As the John Barnard-designed McLaren MP4/1 would prove , this was a miscalculation . The chassis was originally planned for the ambitious twin-chassis Lotus 88 , but after the car was outlawed , it was hastily rebuilt to become the more conservative 87 . The car was not competitive enough to fight for victories , even though the drivers did manage to get some points . When the new turbo charged engines of Renault and Ferrari became more reliable , the car proved to be yet still too heavy and was replaced by a lighter 87B specification for the opening round of 1982 . It was subsequently replaced altogether by the Lotus 91 , which proved more competitive , recording a podium in its first outing in Brazil .

neg: Dynamic frequency scaling Dynamic frequency scaling ( also known as CPU throttling ) is a technique in computer architecture whereby the frequency of a microprocessor can be automatically adjusted `` on the fly '' , either to conserve power or to reduce the amount of heat generated by the chip . Dynamic frequency scaling is commonly used in laptops and other mobile devices , where energy comes from a battery and thus is limited . It is also used in quiet computing settings to decrease energy and cooling costs for lightly loaded machines . Less heat output , in turn , allows the system cooling fans to be throttled down or turned off , reducing noise levels and further decreasing power consumption . It is also used for reducing heat in insufficiently cooled systems when the temperature reaches a certain threshold , such as in poorly cooled overclocked systems .   The dynamic power ( switching power ) dissipated per unit of time by a chip is C · V2 · A · f , where C is the capacitance being switched per clock cycle , V is voltage , A is the Activity Factor indicating the average number of switching events undergone by the transistors in the chip ( as a unitless quantity ) and f is the switching frequency . The voltage required for stable operation is determined by the frequency at which the circuit is clocked , and can be reduced if the frequency is also reduced . Dynamic power does not account for the total power of the chip , however , as there is also static power , which is primarily because of various leakage currents . Due to static power consumption and asymptotic execution time it has been shown that the energy consumption of a piece of software shows convex energy behavior , i.e. , there exists an optimal CPU frequency at which energy consumption is minimal .  Leakage current has become more and more important as transistor sizes have become smaller and threshold voltage levels lower . A decade ago , dynamic power accounted for approximately two-thirds of the total chip power . The power loss due to leakage currents in contemporary CPUs and SoCs tend to dominate the total power consumption . In the attempt to control the leakage power high-k metal-gates and power gating have been common methods .   Dynamic voltage scaling is another power conservation technique that is often used in conjunction with frequency scaling , as the frequency that a chip may run at is related to the operating voltage .   The efficiency of some electrical components , such as voltage regulators , decreases with increasing temperature , so the power usage may increase with temperature . Since increasing power use may increase the temperature , increases in voltage or frequency may increase system power demands even further than the CMOS formula indicates , and vice versa .

neg: Solar car racing Solar car racing refers to competitive races of electric vehicles which are powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the car ( solar cars ) . The first solar car race was the Tour de Sol in 1985 which led to several similar races in Europe , US and Australia . Such challenges are often entered by universities to develop their students ' engineering and technological skills , but many business corporations have entered competitions in the past . A small number of high school teams participate in solar car races designed exclusively for high school students .

neg: Formula One Championship Edition Formula One Championship Edition is a racing video game , developed by SCE Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 . The game follows the basic structure of Formula One 06 for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable . The main differences include the updated visuals for the PS3 including a lot more detail , Sixaxis compatibility , real time reflections , car reflections on wet circuits and new wet weather effects . It was announced early in development that the safety car would be included in the game for the first time in an F1 game since Formula One 99 for the PlayStation . However , it was removed before the final release along with the PSP wing mirror integration shown at E3 .   The game also boasts dynamic weather , and improved AI . The AI system is called `` Live Action Racing '' where one can pressure the opposition , causing them to make little mistakes such as running wide on corners , causing them to crash into other cars or spin off the road of their own accord . The AI will then try to seek opportunities to pass the player in a realistic manner .   The game is based on the early 2006 F1 season . Hence , Yuji Ide drives for Super Aguri when in reality he lost his super licence just 4 races into the '06 season , and Franck Montagny , then later Sakon Yamamoto took his seat . Other minor changes throughout the real 2006 season are also not represented .   In the career mode , players begin by running tests for one of three teams ( Toro Rosso , Super Aguri or Midland F1 ) at either the Silverstone , Magny Cours or Catalunya circuits . The tests given vary between the teams . When the player successfully completes the tests , they are given the role of test driver or race driver , depending on how well the player performed in the test . After performing well as a test driver , the player will become the second driver of the team . From there the player can compete in race weekends through many different roles . As a test driver the player will try out different car settings in practice , and as a driver the player will have track position targets to meet to keep the seat . The player 's performances are subject to review at several points during the season .   The initial release did not include force-feedback support , which is considered by many to be an important feature for simulation racing games used with driving wheel controllers . A subsequent update in early 2008 added force feedback . The game also lacks support for 1080i or 1080p output resolutions . Per the calendar , the Belgian Grand Prix is not included .   The game 's cover in the North America version ( as seen on the right ) features Fernando Alonso ( the defending world champion at that time in 2006 ) who drove for the Renault team , Jenson Button who drove for the Honda team and David Coulthard who drove for the Red Bull Racing team .   Like previous games , it featured in-game commentary from then ITV F1 commentators Martin Brundle and James Allen .

neg: Fuel cell A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction of positively charged hydrogen ions with oxygen or another oxidizing agent . Fuel cells are different from batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen or air to sustain the chemical reaction , whereas in a battery the chemicals present in the battery react with each other to generate an electromotive force ( emf ) . Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as these inputs are supplied .   The first fuel cells were invented in 1838 . The first commercial use of fuel cells came more than a century later in NASA space programs to generate power for satellites and space capsules . Since then , fuel cells have been used in many other applications . Fuel cells are used for primary and backup power for commercial , industrial and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible areas . They are also used to power fuel cell vehicles , including forklifts , automobiles , buses , boats , motorcycles and submarines .   There are many types of fuel cells , but they all consist of an anode , a cathode , and an electrolyte that allows positively charged hydrogen ions ( protons ) to move between the two sides of the fuel cell . The anode and cathode contain catalysts that cause the fuel to undergo oxidation reactions that generate positively charged hydrogen ions and electrons . The hydrogen ions are drawn through the electrolyte after the reaction . At the same time , electrons are drawn from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit , producing direct current electricity . At the cathode , hydrogen ions , electrons , and oxygen react to form water . As the main difference among fuel cell types is the electrolyte , fuel cells are classified by the type of electrolyte they use and by the difference in startup time ranging from 1 second for proton exchange membrane fuel cells ( PEM fuel cells , or PEMFC ) to 10 minutes for solid oxide fuel cells ( SOFC ) . Individual fuel cells produce relatively small electrical potentials , about 0.7 volts , so cells are `` stacked '' , or placed in series , to create sufficient voltage to meet an application 's requirements . In addition to electricity , fuel cells produce water , heat and , depending on the fuel source , very small amounts of nitrogen dioxide and other emissions . The energy efficiency of a fuel cell is generally between 40 -- 60 % , or up to 85 % efficient in cogeneration if waste heat is captured for use .   The fuel cell market is growing , and in 2013 Pike Research estimated that the stationary fuel cell market will reach 50 GW by 2020 .


query: The Fall (Gorillaz album) features Mick Jones.

pos: The Fall (Gorillaz album) The Fall is the fourth studio album from British virtual band Gorillaz . The album was officially announced on 20 December 2010 and soon after released on 25 December 2010 as a `` free '' download on the Gorillaz website , exclusively to fans in the band 's Sub-Division fan club . The album features fewer guest artists than previous Gorillaz albums ; collaborators include Mick Jones and Paul Simonon of The Clash and Bobby Womack . The `` Phoner to Arizona '' music video , a compilation of footage and images taken from the tour and the phase was posted on YouTube on 22 December . The album was physically released on 18 April 2011 .

neg: Demon Days Live Demon Days Live was a limited concert tour performed by the British alternative rock virtual band Gorillaz , in support of their second studio album Demon Days . Demon Days Live is unique among Gorillaz ' live tours , featuring only two venues : five shows were played at the Manchester Opera House in England , and another five were played at New York City 's Apollo Theater . The Manchester leg of the tour was later released onto DVD as Demon Days : Live at the Manchester Opera House . The New York leg of the tour was broadcast on MHD ( now MTV Live ) as Gorillaz : Live in Harlem .

neg: Nightclubbing (Grace Jones album) Nightclubbing is the fifth studio album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones , released on 11 May 1981 by Island Records . Recorded at Compass Point Studios with producers Alex Sadkin and Island Records ' president Chris Blackwell , as well as a team of session musicians rooted by rhythm section Sly & Robbie , the album marked her second foray into a new wave style that blends a variety of genres , including reggae , art pop , dub , synthpop and funk . The album comprises a mixture of cover versions from artists including Bill Withers , Iggy Pop and Ástor Piazzolla , and original songs , three of which were co-written by Jones .   The album received positive reviews upon its release and continues to be praised by critics , with reviewers commending the singer 's unique sound and organic fusion of genres . The album entered in the top 10 in five countries , and became Jones ' highest-ranking record on the US Billboard mainstream albums and R&B charts . Six singles were released from the album , including the hits `` Pull Up to the Bumper '' and `` I 've Seen That Face Before ( Libertango ) '' .   Critics and scholars have noted the album 's influence on popular music , especially how its unique sound has been emulated by both pop and alternative acts , and how the persona Jones adopted - deeply influenced by art and fashion - has had an enduring influence in modern female pop singers . Around the time of the album 's release , she adopted her characteristic androgynous look which would become popular in fashion . Nightclubbing is now widely considered Jones ' best studio album and the record that cemented her pop icon status .

neg: Lazlow Jones Jeffrey Crawford `` Lazlow '' Jones ( born September 4 , 1973 ) is an American writer , producer , director and talk show host based in New York City . He was the host of Technofile , a radio show syndicated on more than 100 radio stations in America and as well as Sirius XM Satellite Radio . The Technofile ran from February 1995 to July 2007 .   He has also been involved in writing , producing , and doing voicework ( as a version of himself ) for the Grand Theft Auto ( GTA ) series of video games , widening his influence and recognition far beyond that of a radio host . Lazlow also worked at an advertising agency as a writer and producer , along with writer Reed Tucker ( who is now his talk radio show 's producer ) on advertisements for a variety of consumer products .

neg: Mick Jones (album) Mick Jones is singer-songwriter Mick Jones 's self-titled debut/studio album , released in 1989 . Jones is one of the original members of the group Foreigner . The album was Mick Jones ' only solo release .   Released on Atlantic Records , this album included Billy Joel and Carly Simon as guest singers . Joel sang with Jones on the song `` Just Wan na Hold '' and Simon sang with Jones on the songs `` That 's the Way My Love Is '' and `` Write Tonight '' . It is widely believed that the co-composer `` M. Phillips '' on the track `` Just Wan na Hold '' is a pseudonym of Mick Jagger .

neg: Patronaat Patronaat is one of the 10 largest alternative pop music halls in the Netherlands and was established in 1984 . It is located at the Zijlsingel in Haarlem , near the city center .   In 2003 the old building was replaced with a brand new concert hall , which was being used for the first time in 2005 . Between September 2003 until May 2005 a temporary location at the Oostvest functioned as Haarlem 's concert hall .   The new building was designed by architect Paul Diederen of the architecture firm Diederen Dirriox Architecten of Eindhoven . The building 's capacity was significantly increased with a large hall for 1000 visitors , a second one for some 350 guests and a music bar for 100 people , which has live music three days in the week , free of admission . A total of 500 events is organised every year , for some 140.000 people .   With a strong program and a character of its own Patronaat provides progressive pop music and meets the wishes of its catchment . Over the years artists like Willy DeVille , Solomon Burke , Tori Amos , Dick Dale , Herman Brood , Living Colour , Bo Diddley , dEUS , Zita Swoon , Gabriel Rios , Rickie Lee Jones , The Gutter Twins , Steve Lukather , José Feliciano , Babyshambles , Calexico , Michael Franti & Spearhead , but also heavy acts like Limp Bizkit , Anthrax , The Bloodhound Gang , Marillion , The Misfits , Danko Jones , Soulfly , Therapy ? , New Model Army , Y&T , Neurosis , Cradle of Filth , Obituary , D.R.I. , Helmet , Dimmu Borgir and Deicide , as well as large names in the electronic music world like Paul Kalkbrenner , Dave Clarke , Knife Party , Steve Aoki , Modeselektor , Jeff Mills , James Holden , DJ Hell , Orbital , Leftfield , Battles , Pendulum , Chase & Status , Nero , Camo & Krooked , Andy C , Sub Focus , Aphrodite , Ed Rush , Benga , Skream , Caspa and Rusko have found their way to the Haarlem venue .

neg: Down 'n' Outz Down 'n' Outz are an English band featuring members from Def Leppard , The Quireboys , and Raw Glory . The group covers bands and artists related to Mott the Hoople including Mott , British Lions , and Ian Hunter . Their debut album , My ReGeneration , was released in 2010 , and was followed by a DVD release of the band 's show at Hammersmith Odeon . The band 's second studio album , The Further Adventures Of ... was released in April 2014 .

neg: The Voice (Mike Jones album) The Voice is the second studio album by American rapper Mike Jones . It was released on April 28 , 2009 . Production was handled by several producers , including Jim Jonsin , Mr. Collipark , J.R. Rotem and Big E , among others .   The album has sold 25,000 copies in its first week , debuting at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 on April 22 , 2009 . As of February 1 , 2014 , the album has sold 200,000 copies in the United States .

neg: Gorilla Tapes Gorilla Tapes was the collective name of British Scratch Video artists Jon Dovey ( b 1955 ) , Gavin Hodge ( b 1954 ) and Tim Morrison ( b. 1955 ) . ` Scratch ' is the art of ` sampling ' and repeating found images and sounds , thereby making a new work . With simple video editing equipment and images recorded from television , during the mid-1980s Gorilla Tapes made sharp satirical and political videos collaged from old film footage and the TV news imagery of the mid-Thatcher years . Gorilla Tapes have exhibited internationally in solo and group exhibitions . Highlights include participation in Tate Britain 's A Century of Artists Films ( 2003 ) .   Gorilla Tapes was founded in 1984 by Gavin Hodge , Tim Morrison , John Dovey and Jean McClements , to develop innovative approaches to the artistic use of Video in entertainment , documentary and dramatics forms . Works include corporate and educational videos , magazine strands , drama , arts , documentary and entertainment programmes for the BBC , ITV , Sony , Channel Four , The British Film Institute and the former Greater London Council . Gorilla Tapes is also involved in lecturing and running workshops in editing technique , copyright , video production and writing .

neg: Jeff Jones (music industry executive) Jeff Jones is a music industry executive best known as the CEO of Apple Corps , the company founded by The Beatles . Jones was formerly an Executive Vice President at Sony/BMG , where he managed Sony 's recorded catalogs , including repackaging classic albums .   At Apple Corps he has overseen Beatles projects such as the launch of TheBeatles.com , the release of the band 's remastered catalog on CD , iTunes , and vinyl , the DVD and Blu-Ray releases of Help ! , Yellow Submarine and Magical Mystery Tour , The Beatles : Rock Band , and the Cirque du Soleil collaboration , including the Grammy-winning Love album .   He also produced the compilations The Beatles in Mono and The Beatles Stereo Box Set , for which he won the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Historical Album .

neg: Doug Jones (actor) Doug Jones ( born May 24 , 1960 ) is an American actor and former contortionist known for roles in the science fiction , fantasy , and horror genres , often wearing heavy makeup to play nonhuman characters . He is perhaps best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Guillermo del Toro , starring in Mimic , as Abe Sapien in Hellboy and Hellboy II : The Golden Army , the Faun and the Pale Man in Pan 's Labyrinth , Crimson Peak and The Shape of Water . He has appeared in films such as Tank Girl , Hocus Pocus and The Bye Bye Man . He also portrayed the titular Silver Surfer in the superhero film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer , as well as appearing in the TV series Falling Skies , Buffy the Vampire Slayer and del Toro 's The Strain . He is currently a series regular in Star Trek : Discovery , as Lt. Saru .

neg: R. Malcolm Jones R. Malcolm Jones is an American music video and motion picture director . Jones is a graduate of the University of Miami . While a student at the University , Jones was granted the Eastman Kodak Scholarship he is its youngest recipient . Jones also received a Merit Scholarship .   After graduation R. Malcolm Jones went on to direct Music Videos for various artist . He was nominated for Video Director of the Year at the 2008 BET Awards . In 2009 the MTV Video Awards nominated his video Right Round by Flo Rida feat Kei $ ha for Best Hip Hop Video .   R. Malcolm Jones has directed Music Videos for Flo Rida , Avril Lavigne , Cassidy feat Swizz Beats , T-Pain , Chris Brown , Lil Mama , Mario , Ray J , R. Kelly , Cali Swag District , K'la , YC , Travis Porter , Jordan Taylor , Vanessa Hudgens , Nas , Clipse , Fat Jose , Brooke Hogan , The Pack , and Roscoe Dash . Jones has also directed commercials for HBO ( a talk with Spike Lee ) , BET ( 2009 BET Spring Bling ) and CMT ( Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders ) . R. Malcolm Jones has made a personal appearance as a guest on BET 's Top 25 Countdown and was a featured director for Vh1 's Hogan Knows Best , MTV 's Making The Video and BET 's All Access Granted .   R. Malcolm Jones has directed and written several motion picture projects . They include , Seven Lives : Seven Survivors ( a documentary ) His short films include , Ambush , Sweet Potato Pie and Shattered . He has currently finished production of his motion picture Secrets of the Magic City starring Jennifer Lewis , Jamie Hector and Keith David . Secrets of the Magic City screened at the 2013 American Black Film Festival ( ABFF ) in the `` Narrative '' category it screened at the 2013 Annual Urban World Film Festival in New York City and the 2013 Bronze Lens Film Festival in Atlanta where Jamie Hector and Jenifer Lewis were nominated and won awards for Best Actor and Actress . The film debuted on Centric TV June 26 , 2015 and received world wide distribution with EOne Entertainment .

neg: The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ( often shortened to Ziggy Stardust ) is the fifth studio album by English musician David Bowie , released on 16 June 1972 . It is a concept album telling the story of a fictional rock star named Ziggy Stardust . It peaked at No. 5 in the United Kingdom on the UK Albums Chart and No. 75 in the United States on the Billboard 200 , then improved to a No. 21 position in the wake of Bowie 's death .   The album tells the story of Bowie 's alter ego Ziggy Stardust , a rock star who acts as a messenger for extraterrestrial beings . Bowie created Ziggy Stardust while in New York City promoting Hunky Dory and performed as him on a tour of the United Kingdom , Japan and North America . The album , and the character of Ziggy Stardust , was known for its glam rock influences and themes of sexual exploration and social commentary . These factors , coupled with the ambiguity surrounding Bowie 's sexuality and fuelled by a ground-breaking performance of `` Starman '' on Top of the Pops , led to the album being met with controversy and since hailed as a seminal work .   The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars has received critical acclaim and has been consistently considered one of the greatest albums of all time , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it the 35th greatest ever . It was ranked the 20th greatest album ever in a 1997 British survey , the 41st greatest of all time by Q magazine and one of the 100 greatest releases ever by Time magazine . In 2017 , the album was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or artistically significant '' by the Library of Congress .   A concert film of the same name , directed by D. A. Pennebaker , was recorded in 1973 and released a decade later in 1983 .

neg: Jonesmann Samson Jones , better known as Jonesmann , is a German rapper . He was born in Frankfurt to an African American father and a German mother . He was signed to Azad 's label Bozz Music and Sony BMG . Now he is signed to his own label ` Echte Musik ' .

neg: Gareth Jones (actor) Gareth Jones ( 6 June 1925 -- 30 November 1958 ) was a British actor , born in Lampeter , Wales , chiefly remembered for the circumstances of his death .   During a live television broadcast of the Armchair Theatre play Underground on the ITV network in the UK on 30 November 1958 , Jones suffered a massive heart attack and died while off-camera between two of his scenes . Some contemporary news reports stated that he had suffered the heart attack while on camera , although most references claim that he was stricken while in a make-up chair , between scenes . However , actor Peter Bowles , also in the cast , recalled that `` During transmission , a little group of us was talking on camera while awaiting the arrival of Gareth Jones 's character , who had some information for us . We could see him coming up towards us , but we saw him fall . We had no idea what had happened , but he certainly was n't coming our way '' .   Director Ted Kotcheff and the remaining cast were forced to improvise to carry the play to its conclusion , with producer Sydney Newman ordering Kotcheff to `` shoot it like a football match '' . Coincidentally , Jones 's character was to have suffered a heart attack during the play .   Jones had appeared in three other Armchair Theatre plays in 1958 - `` Noon On Doomsday '' ( 6 July 1958 ) , `` Trial By Candlelight '' ( 22 June 1958 ) , and `` Miss Olive '' ( 6 April 1958 ) . Other TV appearances included the ITV Television Playhouse production of `` Thunder On Sycamore Street '' ( 11 October 1957 ) , the BBC Television adaptation of Under Milk Wood ( 9 May 1957 ) , the BBC series `` Onion Boys '' ( 1957 ) , and `` A Tale Of Two Cities '' ( 1957 ) .   He earlier appeared in Dundee Repertory Theatre plays including `` Petticoat Influence '' ( 1952 ) , The Beaver Coat ( 1952 ) , `` The Hollow Crown '' ( 1952 ) , `` The Queen 's Husband '' ( 1952 ) , `` Young Madame Conti '' ( 1952 ) , and The Lark ( 1955 ) .

neg: The Clash: Westway to the World The Clash : Westway to the World is a 2000 documentary film about the British punk rock band The Clash . In 2003 it won the Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video .   Directed by Don Letts , the film combines old footage from the band 's personal collection filmed in 1982 when The Clash went to New York City with new interviews conducted for the film by Mal Peachey of members Mick Jones , Paul Simonon , Topper Headon , and Joe Strummer and other people associated with the group ( including founding drummer Terry Chimes ) .   Although The Clash : Westway to the World ostensibly provides an overview of the band 's history , the film implies that The Clash broke up in 1983 when Mick Jones left the band , making no mention of the post-Jones version of the band that existed between 1983 and 1986 , nor the album that iteration produced ( Cut the Crap ) . Danny Garcia 's 2012 documentary film The Rise and Fall of The Clash covers this period in some depth , placing an emphasis on the band 's declining years and the repercussions of Mick Jones ' ouster . Garcia 's film also features interviews with latter-day Clash members Pete Howard , Nick Sheppard , and Vince White .

neg: Mike Jones (jazz musician) Mike Jones ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American jazz pianist . He has appeared onstage with Penn and Teller since 2006 , and continues to play with them during their nightly show in Las Vegas .   He first garnished praise as a young musician , performing professionally at the age of ten . Following the advice of Oscar Peterson , Jones attended Berklee School of Music , in Boston . While still attending the school he started work as a studio musician .   During his time commuting from Boston to New York , Jones worked as the on-air pianist and music director of the Nancy Merrill Show . He also appeared throughout the New England area with jazz musicians Herb Pomeroy , Gray Seargent , Dick Johnson , and others . In 1994 his first solo recording on Chiaroscuro Records , Oh , Look At Me Now was released . This was followed by Runnin ' Wild recorded live in Buffalo , N.Y. , his hometown , and then Live at Steinway Hall , in New York City .   Through his association with Hank O'Neal , Mike was invited to perform on the Floating Jazz Festival on the S.S. Norway and later , the Queen Elizabeth 2 . The Verve reissue of Oscar Peterson 's On the Town featured liner notes by Neil Tesser with extensive commentary by Mike Jones . Penn Jillette and his friends found him playing at a Las Vegas resort , and were invited to the recording sessions for Stretches Out , Jones 's fourth solo CD for Chiaroscuro . In February 2002 , he was invited to become part of the Penn & Teller show , and performs nightly with them at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino .   Jones wrote the theme tune for Penn Jillette 's radio show Penn Radio , including many variations . ( Jillette plays bass on many of these themes . ) He also created some special themes for Monkey Tuesday and Pull of the Weasel Friday .   Jones also made an appearance in an episode of Bullshit ! which was critical of twelve-step programs . Jones was introduced by Penn as having been significantly overweight , but lost ninety pounds with his `` own special one step program '' , which Penn explained as being `` like the twelve step , but with a few minor adjustments '' . Jones explained his program as `` Just stop fucking eating so much '' .   His live CD is Live at The Green Mill , recorded with a trio , Kelly Sill on bass , and Tim Davis on drums , at the legendary Chicago jazz club .   He signed with Capri Records in 2014 , and released Plays Well with Others , featuring Jeff Hamilton on drums and 21-year-old prodigy Mike Gurrola on bass . The album has a cover by David Silverman ( as a tribute to the Diane Arbus photograph Child with Toy Hand Grenade in Central Park ) and liner notes by Penn Jillette .   Jones lives in Las Vegas .

neg: Gorilla Preacher Cartel Gorilla Preacher Cartel is the forty-fourth album by Omar Rodríguez-López as a solo artist , released on March 24 , 2017 . It is the nineteenth release in the album series initiated by Ipecac Recordings , the seventh of the 2017 series .   Original release schedule listed a different title , Scrapyard Handshakes . It 's unknown whether this title was meant for this album , or a different release altogether . The record serves as a sort of compilation gathering vastly different types of recordings and songs / `` scraps '' from various times throughout the 2000s in the vein of 2016 's Some Need It Lonely , although this record has a much greater emphasis on instrumental tracks , even featuring lengthy guitar solos on most songs .   `` Buying Friendships '' was uploaded in advance as the album 's single . It features recorded tracks from two former Mars Volta drummers , Jon Theodore & Deantoni Parks , fused together as an entirely new song with Omar adding a vocal track . Parts of the 2008 records Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fungus & Minor Cuts and Scrapes in the Bushes Ahead are revisited here from their 2001 sessions prior to the formation of The Mars Volta featured on the first track .

neg: David Jones (drummer) David Jones is an Australian drummer .   Jones has played and recorded with a large cross section of bands and musicians . These include James Morrison , John Farnham , Don Burrows , Kate Ceberano , Tommy Emmanuel , Rhonda Burchmore , Dame Kiri Te Kanawa , Don McLean , John Denver , Sam McNally , Linda Cable , AtmaSphere , Carmen Warrington , the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra .   Jones ' solo album Colours of the Drum was nominated for the 2008 ARIA Award for Best World Music Album .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Jon and the Jones Jon and the Jones is a New York-based , blues-rock band signed to Dick Wingate 's new artist development label , BHi Music Group . The line-up features Jon Moodie ( guitar/vocals ) , Brian Stanley ( bass ) and Helen Destroy ( drums ) .


query: Slovenia is bordered by Austria.

pos: Slovenia Slovenia ( -LSB- sloʊˈviːniə , _ slə - , _ - njə -RSB- ; Slovenija -LSB- slɔˈʋéːnija -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : , abbr. : RS ) , is a nation state in southern Central Europe , located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the south and southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . It covers 20,273 km2 and has a population of 2.06 million . It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations , European Union , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana .   The territory is mostly mountainous with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral that has a sub-Mediterranean climate and the north-western area that has an Alpine climate . Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Over half of the territory is covered by forest . The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven .   Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of South Slavic , Germanic , Romance , and Hungarian languages and culture . Although the population is not homogeneous , the majority is Slovene . South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country . Slovenia is a largely secularized country , but its culture and identity have been significantly influenced by Catholicism as well as Lutheranism . The economy of Slovenia is small , open , and export-oriented and has been strongly influenced by international conditions . It has been severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis , started in the late 2000s . The main economic field is services , followed by industry and construction .   Historically , the current territory of Slovenia was part of many different state formations , including the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire , followed by the Habsburg Monarchy . In October 1918 , the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs . In December 1918 , they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . During World War II , Slovenia was occupied and annexed by Germany , Italy , and Hungary , with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia , a Nazi puppet state . Afterward , it was a founding member of the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia , later renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , a communist state which was the only country in the Eastern Bloc which was never part of the Warsaw Pact . In June 1991 , after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy , Slovenia split from Yugoslavia and became an independent country . In 2004 , it entered NATO and the European Union ; in 2007 became the first formerly communist country to join the Eurozone ; and in 2010 joined the OECD , a global association of high-income developed countries .

neg: Zgornje Partinje Zgornje Partinje ( -LSB- ˈzɡoːɾnjɛ paɾˈtiːnjɛ -RSB- ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah in northeastern Slovenia . It is dispersed over a large area of the western Slovene Hills between Globovnica Creek and James Creek ( Jakobski potok ) , left tributaries of the Pesnica River . The area was part of the traditional region of Styria . It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region .

neg: List of companies of Austria Austria is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.7 million people in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north , Hungary and Slovakia to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . The territory of Austria covers 83879 km2 .   Austria is the 12th richest country in the world in terms of GDP ( Gross domestic product ) per capita , has a well-developed social market economy , and a high standard of living . Until the 1980s , many of Austria 's largest industry firms were nationalised ; in recent years , however , privatisation has reduced state holdings to a level comparable to other European economies . Labour movements are particularly strong in Austria and have large influence on labour politics . Next to a highly developed industry , international tourism is the most important part of the national economy .   For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Austria '' .

neg: Vič District The Vič District ( -LSB- ˈʋiːtʃ -RSB- ; Slovene : Četrtna skupnost Vič ) , or simply Vič , is a district ( mestna četrt ) of the City Municipality of Ljubljana . It encompasses the western part of Ljubljana , the capital of Slovenia . It is named after the former village of Vič .

neg: Strezimirovci Strezimirovci ( Serbian and Стрезимировци also Strezimirovtsi , Strezimirovtzi ) is a divided village in easternmost Serbia and westernmost Bulgaria . The Bulgarian half of the village is part of Tran Municipality , Pernik Province , whereas the Serbian part belongs to Surdulica municipality , Pčinja District . The village has a border checkpoint and its residents on either side of the border are mostly Bulgarian ; however , its division has caused its population to decrease more than tenfold . It lies in the geographic region of Znepolje ( Znepole ) , at , in a valley along the Jerma ( or Erma ) River , 830 metres above mean sea level .   The village was first mentioned in Ottoman registers of 1451 as Stryazimirovtsi and in 1453 as İstrazumirofca . Its name is derived from the personal name Strezimir . From the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 until the post-World War I Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine of 1919 , Strezimirovci was located in Bulgaria and was administratively part of the Tran district of Sofia Province . As Bulgaria participated in the war on the side of the Central Powers , it was obliged to cede a Bulgarian-populated area of 1,545 km ² to Serbia , a region afterwards known in Bulgaria as the `` Western Outlands '' . The new border did not take the location of extant communities , property , roads and rivers into account , it was drawn so as to give Serbia a strategic importance in future wars . Strezimirovci was among 25 villages more or less divided into two by the new Serbian-Bulgarian border . Reputedly , four locals even tricked the international commission sent to mark the border by moving the temporary border stones overnight in order to include more of the village in Bulgaria .   As a consequence of this bisection , the village 's population has declined significantly on either side of the border . For example , the Serbian part had a population of 485 in 1948 ; by 2002 , it had decreased to 53 , of whom 47 Bulgarians ( 88.67 % ) , 4 Yugoslavs ( 7.54 % ) and 2 Serbs ( 3.77 % ) . The Bulgarian part of Strezimirovci is only inhabited by 25 people as of June 2008 .

neg: National symbols of Slovenia The National symbols of Slovenia are the symbols used in Slovenia and abroad to represent the nation and its people .

neg: List of companies of Slovakia Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe . The capital and largest city is Bratislava . The official language is Slovak .   Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index , a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties , press freedom , internet freedom , democratic governance and peacefulness . The country maintains a combination of market economy with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system . The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009 . Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area , NATO , the United Nations , the OECD , the WTO , CERN , the OSCE , the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group . The Slovak economy is one of the fastest growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone . Its legal tender , the Euro , is the world 's 2nd most traded currency . Although regional income inequality is high , 90 % of citizens own their homes . In 2016 , Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories , ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world . Slovakia is the world 's biggest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone . The car industry represents 43 percent of Slovakia 's industrial output , and a quarter of its exports .   For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Slovakia '' .

neg: Kingdom of Slavonia The Kingdom of Slavonia ( Kraljevina Slavonija Königreich Slawonien Regnum Sclavoniae Szlavón Királyság ) was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire that existed from 1699 to 1868 . The province included northern parts of present-day regions of Slavonia ( today in Croatia ) and Syrmia ( today in Serbia and Croatia ) . The southern parts of these regions were part of the Slavonian Military Frontier , which was a section of the Military Frontier .

neg: Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea -LSB- ˌeɪdriˈætᵻk -RSB- is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges . The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea , extending from the Strait of Otranto ( where it connects to the Ionian Sea ) to the northwest and the Po Valley . The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Greece , Italy , Montenegro and Slovenia . The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands , mostly located along its eastern , Croatian , coast . It is divided into three basins , the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest , with a maximum depth of 1233 m . The Otranto Sill , an underwater ridge , is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas . The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto , along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western ( Italian ) coast . Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight , although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally . The Adriatic 's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean 's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean , acting as a dilution basin . The surface water temperatures generally range from 30 C in summer to 12 C in winter , significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin 's climate .   The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate , which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era . The plate 's movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate . In the Late Oligocene , the Apennine Peninsula first formed , separating the Adriatic Basin from the rest of the Mediterranean . All types of sediment are found in the Adriatic , with the bulk of the material transported by the Po and other rivers on the western coast . The western coast is alluvial or terraced , while the eastern coast is highly indented with pronounced karstification . There are dozens of marine protected areas in the Adriatic , designed to protect the sea 's karst habitats and biodiversity . The sea is abundant in flora and fauna -- more than 7,000 species are identified as native to the Adriatic , many of them endemic , rare and threatened ones .   The Adriatic 's shores are populated by more than 3.5 million people ; the largest cities are Bari , Venice , Trieste and Split . The earliest settlements on the Adriatic shores were Etruscan , Illyrian , and Greek . By the 2nd century BC , the shores were under Rome 's control . In the Middle Ages , the Adriatic shores and the sea itself were controlled , to a varying extent , by a series of states -- most notably the Byzantine Empire , the Serbian Empire , the Republic of Venice , the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire . The Napoleonic Wars resulted in the First French Empire gaining coastal control and the British effort to counter the French in the area , ultimately securing most of the eastern Adriatic shore and the Po Valley for Austria . Following Italian unification , the Kingdom of Italy started an eastward expansion that lasted until the 20th century . Following World War I and the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire , the eastern coast 's control passed to Yugoslavia and Albania . The former disintegrated during the 1990s , resulting in four new states on the Adriatic coast . Italy and Yugoslavia agreed on their maritime boundaries by 1975 and this boundary is recognised by Yugoslavia 's successor states , but the maritime boundaries between Slovenian , Croatian , Bosnian-Herzegovinian , and Montenegrin waters are still disputed . Italy and Albania agreed on their maritime boundary in 1992 .   Fisheries and tourism are significant sources of income all along the Adriatic coast . Adriatic Croatia 's tourism industry has grown faster economically than the rest of the Adriatic Basin 's . Maritime transport is also a significant branch of the area 's economy -- there are 19 seaports in the Adriatic that each handle more than a million tonnes of cargo per year . The largest Adriatic seaport by annual cargo turnover is the Port of Trieste , while the Port of Split is the largest Adriatic seaport by passengers served per year .

neg: Slovene The terms Slovene or Slovenian may refer to :   Slovenia , a country in Central Europe  The Slovene language , a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia  Slovenes , an ethno-linguistic group mainly living in Slovenia   The term Slovene may also refer to :  Slavic peoples , an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group  Ilmen Slavs , the northernmost tribe of the Early East Slavs

neg: Geography of Switzerland The geography of Switzerland encompasses the geographical features of Switzerland , a mountainous and landlocked country located in Western and Central Europe . It is surrounded by 5 countries : Austria and Liechtenstein to the east , France to the west , Italy to the south and Germany to the north . Switzerland has a maximum north -- south length of 220 km and an east -- west length of about 350 km .   Switzerland is well known for the Alps in the south and south east . North of the Alps , the Swiss Plateau runs along the east -- west axis of the country . Most of the population of Switzerland lives on the rolling hills and plains of the plateau . The smaller Jura Mountains are located on the north west side of the plateau . Much of the northern border with Germany follows the Rhine , though the Rhine enters Switzerland near Schaffhausen . The eastern border with Germany and a portion of Austria is drawn through Lake Constance ( Bodensee ) . A portion of the southwest border with France is drawn through Lake Geneva .   Switzerland is divided into 26 sovereign cantons . The cantons along the Swiss Plateau tend to be the most populous , industrial and religiously Protestant . The cantons in the Alps tend to be less populous , Catholic , and have an agrarian or tourism-based economy .   Switzerland is also divided by language . There are four official languages ; German 63.7 % of population , French 20.4 % of population , Italian 6.5 % of population and Romansh 0.5 % of population . From Bern east ( except Ticino ) the population generally speaks German . West of Bern , the population generally speaks French . In the southern Canton of Ticino , most people speak Italian . Romansh , a group of dialects descended from Vulgar Latin , is spoken in several regions in the canton of Graubünden .

neg: Bohemian Forest The Bohemian Forest , known in Czech as Šumava ( -LSB- ˈʃʊmava -RSB- ) and in German as Böhmerwald , is a low mountain range in Central Europe . Geographically , the mountains extend from Plzeň Region and South Bohemia in the Czech Republic to Austria and Bavaria in Germany , and form the highest truncated uplands of the Bohemian Massif , up to 50 km wide . They create a natural border between the Czech Republic on one side and Germany and Austria on the other .

neg: Outline of Austria The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Austria :   Austria -- landlocked sovereign country located in Central Europe . It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia and Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . The capital is the city of Vienna on the Danube River .

neg: Pšata The Pšata ( -LSB- ˈpʃaːta -RSB- ; in older sources also Pešata ) is a river of Slovenia . The river is 28 km long . It is a right tributary of the Kamnik Bistrica , which merges with the Sava east of Ljubljana , the capital of Slovenia .

neg: Pristava, Nova Gorica Pristava ( -LSB- pɾiˈstaːʋa -RSB- ; Prestava , Rafût , Prestau ) , also known locally as Rafut ( -LSB- ɾaˈfuːt -RSB- ) , is one of the four suburbs of the town of Nova Gorica in the Gorizia region of western Slovenia ( the other three are Solkan , Rožna Dolina , and Kromberk ) .   Between the late 18th century and 1947 , it used to be a suburb of the town of Gorizia ( now in Italy ) . When the city was partitioned in 1947 , most of the city center remained in Italy , while its eastern suburbs were annexed to Yugoslavia . Part of Pristava ( Rafut ) remained in Italy , and while part of it became part of Slovenia . In some cases , the border was drawn literally between individual houses . Until Slovenia 's entry into the Schengen zone in 2007 , a local border pass functioned in Pristava .   The Kostanjevica Monastery , in which Charles X of France is buried , is located on a hill above the settlement .

neg: Prekmurje Slovene Prekmurje Slovene , also known as Pannonian Slovene , East Slovene , or Wendish ( prekmurščina , prekmursko narečje , vend nyelv , muravidéki nyelv , Prekmurje dialect : prekmürski jezik , prekmürščina , prekmörščina , prekmörski jezik , panonska slovenščina ) , is a supradialectal regional variety of Slovene . It is used in private communication , liturgy , and publications by authors from Prekmurje . It is spoken in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia and by the Hungarian Slovenes in Vas County in western Hungary . It is closely related to other Slovene dialects in neighboring Slovene Styria , as well as to Kajkavian with which it retains partial mutual intelligibility and forms a dialect continuum with other South Slavic languages .

neg: Drina The Drina ( Serbian Cyrillic : Дрина , -LSB- drǐːna -RSB- ) is a 346 km long international river , which forms a large portion of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia . It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube river watershed . Its name is derived from the Latin name of the river ( Drinus ) which in turn is derived from Greek ( Ancient Greek : Dreinos ) .

neg: History of Austria The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states , from the early Stone Age to the present state . The name Ostarrîchi ( Austria ) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy ( later archduchy ) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ( Heiliges Römisches Reich 962 -- 1806 ) .   Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg ( Haus Österreich ) from 1273 to 1806 , when the Holy Roman Empire came to an end . Austria then became the Austrian Empire , a part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , which Austria lost and was subsequently excluded from German affairs . In 1867 Austria formed with Hungary as a dual monarchy the Austro-Hungarian Empire ( 1867 -- 1918 ) . When this empire collapsed after the end of World War I in 1918 , Austria was reduced to the main German speaking areas of the empire ( its current frontiers ) , and adopted the name The Republic of German-Austria , with hope of joining the new German Weimar Republic . However the union and name were forbidden by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles . This led to the creation of the First Austrian Republic ( 1918-1933 ) .   Following the First Republic , Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent from the German Reich . Engelbert Dollfuss accepted that Austrians were Germans but wanted Austria to remain independent from a Protestant Germany . In 1938 Austrian-born Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to the German Reich with the Anschluss , which was supported by a large majority of the Austrian people . After the Second World War Austria again became an independent republic as the Second Republic in 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995 .

neg: Krn Krn ( -LSB- ˈkəɾn -RSB- ; Monte Nero 2244 disp = or ) is a mountain of the southwestern Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia . It is the highest mountain of the Krn Mountains The mountain is located about 50 km from the Adriatic Sea . The Soča River flows west of the peak , and the smaller Lepenjica River northeast and the Tolminka River southwest of it . Krn has a mighty western wall , which can be best seen from Kobarid or Drežnica .   On the southern slope of the mountain lie the small villages of Vrsno , Krn , Drežnica , Drežniške Ravne , and Magozd . On the northern side lies Lake Krn , the largest glacial lake in Slovenia .   During the First World War , the Battles of the Isonzo took place in the area . The top of the neighbouring mountain Batognica ( 2164 disp = or ) was blown off by an accidental weapon depot explosion . A lot of remnants from the war remain scattered around the peak .

neg: Croatia–Slovenia relations Croatia -- Slovenia relations are foreign relations between Croatia and Slovenia . Croatia has an embassy in Ljubljana and two honorary consulates in Maribor and Koper . Slovenia has an embassy in Zagreb and an honorary consulate in Split . The countries share 670 km of common border . Relations between Slovenia and Croatia have been friendly , but burdened with a series of unresolved border and other disputes .

neg: Southern Railway (Austria) The Southern Railway ( Südbahn ) is a railroad in Austria that runs from Vienna to Graz and the border with Slovenia at Spielfeld via Semmering and Bruck an der Mur . It was originally built by the Austrian Southern Railway company and ran to Ljubljana and Trieste , the main seaport of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy . The two-track , electrified section that runs through the current territory of Austria is owned and operated by Austrian Federal Railways ( ÖBB ) and is one of the major lines of the country .