query: The blue-ringed octopus is a marine animal.

pos: Blue-ringed octopus The blue-ringed octopodes ( genus Hapalochlaena ) are three octopus species that live in tide pools and coral reefs in the Pacific and Indian Oceans , from Japan to Australia . Their primary habitat is around southern New South Wales , South Australia , and northern Western Australia . They are recognized as one of the world 's most venomous marine animals . Despite their small size , 12 to , and relatively docile nature , they are dangerous to humans if provoked and handled , because their venom contains tetrodotoxin , a neurotoxin powerful enough to kill humans .   They can be identified by their characteristic blue and black rings , and yellowish skin . When the octopus is agitated , the brown patches darken dramatically , iridescent blue rings , or clumps of rings , appear and pulsate within the maculae . Typically , 50 -- 60 blue rings cover the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the mantle .   They hunt small crabs , hermit crabs , shrimp , and other small crustaceans .

pos: Octopus The octopus ( -LSB- ˈɒktpəs -RSB- or ~ -LSB- əpʊs -RSB- ) is a soft-bodied , eight-armed mollusc of the order Octopoda . The order is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids , cuttlefish and nautiloids . Like other cephalopods , the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak , with its mouth at the centre point of the arms . The soft body , with its lack of internal or external skeleton , can rapidly alter its shape , appearance and colour , enabling the octopus to squeeze through small gaps . The mantle cavity is used both for respiration and for locomotion , by expelling a jet of water . Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight , and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates .   Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean , including coral reefs , pelagic waters , and the seabed ; some occur in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths . Most species grow fast , mature early and are short-lived . During breeding , the male uses a specially adapted arm to deliver a bundle of sperm directly into the female 's mantle cavity , after which he goes into a decline . The female deposits fertilised eggs in a den and cares for them until they hatch , after which she also dies .   Octopuses have numerous strategies for to defend themselves against predators , including the expulsion of ink , the use of camouflage and deimatic displays , their ability to jet quickly through the water , and their ability to hide . They trail their eight arms behind them as they swim . All octopuses are venomous , but only one group , the blue-ringed octopuses , is known to be deadly to humans . Around 300 species are recognised .   Octopuses appear in mythology as sea monsters like the Kraken of Norway and the Akkorokamui of the Ainu , and probably the Gorgon of ancient Greece . A battle with an octopus appears in Victor Hugo 's book Toilers of the Sea , inspiring other works such as Ian Fleming 's Octopussy . Octopuses appear in Japanese erotic art , shunga . They are eaten by humans in many parts of the world , especially the Mediterranean and the Asian seas .

neg: Starfish Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea . Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids , which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or `` basket stars '' . About 1,500 species of starfish occur on the seabed in all the world 's oceans , from the tropics to frigid polar waters . They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths , 6000 m below the surface .   Starfish are marine invertebrates . They typically have a central disc and five arms , though some species have a larger number of arms . The aboral or upper surface may be smooth , granular or spiny , and is covered with overlapping plates . Many species are brightly coloured in various shades of red or orange , while others are blue , grey or brown . Starfish have tube feet operated by a hydraulic system and a mouth at the centre of the oral or lower surface . They are opportunistic feeders and are mostly predators on benthic invertebrates . Several species have specialized feeding behaviours including eversion of their stomachs and suspension feeding . They have complex life cycles and can reproduce both sexually and asexually . Most can regenerate damaged parts or lost arms and they can shed arms as a means of defence . The Asteroidea occupy several significant ecological roles . Starfish , such as the ochre sea star ( Pisaster ochraceus ) and the reef sea star ( Stichaster australis ) , have become widely known as examples of the keystone species concept in ecology . The tropical crown-of-thorns starfish ( Acanthaster planci ) is a voracious predator of coral throughout the Indo-Pacific region , and the northern Pacific sea star is considered to be one of the world 's 100 worst invasive species .   The fossil record for starfish is ancient , dating back to the Ordovician around 450 million years ago , but it is rather poor , as starfish tend to disintegrate after death . Only the ossicles and spines of the animal are likely to be preserved , making remains hard to locate . With their appealing symmetrical shape , starfish have played a part in literature , legend , design and popular culture . They are sometimes collected as curios , used in design or as logos , and in some cultures , despite possible toxicity , they are eaten .

neg: Cephalopod size Cephalopods vary enormously in size . The smallest are only about 1 cm long and weigh less than 1 g at maturity , while the largest -- the giant and colossal squids -- can exceed 10 m in length and weigh close to half a tonne ( 0.5 tonne ) , making them the largest living invertebrates . Similarly large cephalopods are known from the fossil record , including enormous examples of ammonoids , belemnoids , nautiloids , and vampyromorphids . In terms of mass , the largest of all known cephalopods were likely the giant shelled ammonoids and endocerids .   Size , and particularly maximum size , has been one of the most interesting aspects of cephalopod science to the general public . This is evidenced by the regular coverage given to the giant squid -- and more recently , the colossal squid -- in both the popular press and academic literature ( see Ellis , 1998 ; Roper & Shea , 2013 ; Paxton , 2016 ) . On account of its status as a charismatic megafauna the giant squid has been proposed as an emblematic animal for marine invertebrate conservation ( see Guerra et al. , 2011 ) .   Certain cephalopod species are noted for having individual body parts of exceptional size . The giant and colossal squids , for example , have the largest known eyes among living animals .

neg: Blue-backed fish Blue-backed fish ( 背の青い魚 se no aoi sakana ) ;  also referred to as  Blue-fish ( 青魚 aozakana )  is a category of fish used in Japanese cuisine that have a rich and fatty taste , and are distinguished from another category of white meat fish that tend to have a lighter and more delicate flavor . It is not a scientific categorization , but refers to commonness in outer appearance , fleshiness and oiliness and include such species of fish as sardine , mackerel , herring , perch and anchovy . Blue-backed fish tend to be high in the essential amino acid , histidine , as well as the omega-3 fatty acids , eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) , and are generally said to have health benefits when included in a balanced diet , including such effects as reducing cholesterol .   Almost without exception , blue-backed fish are salt water fish that travel in schools close to the surface of the water , have wide migratory patterns and are relatively low on the food chain so feed on plankton , etc. . Their appearance , as is indicated by their name , is a dark blue dorsal with a nearly white under belly . Further , blue-fish are generally fairly small in size and caught in large quantities resulting in low market price , so are thought of as mass-market fish for general consumption and are distinguished from larger , specialty fish caught in smaller quantities , even if they share other qualities .

neg: Hypoathroid The term hypoathroid ( Ancient Greek hypo - , `` under '' + - athroid , `` gathered together '' ) is used to describe the arrangement of ganglia in the nervous system of molluscs . In the hypoathroid state , the pleural ganglia of the `` chest '' and the pedal ganglia of the `` feet '' lie close to each other more or less underneath the gut , and they communicate with the cerebral ganglia via long connectives . It is a condition that is characteristic of the Archaeogastropoda clade , and represents one end of a three-part spectrum of such arrangements , the other two being the dystenoid system in which the pleural and cerebral ganglia are closer together but still distinctly separate , and the epiathroid condition in which the pleural , pedal , and cerebral ganglia all lie close together ( characteristic , for example , of the Mesogastropoda and Neogastropoda . The centralization of the nervous system generally is considered evidence of an evolutionary advancement among molluscs , while the more diffuse condition is viewed as a sign of evolutionary proximity to the hypothetical `` archimollusc '' ancestor of all molluscs .

neg: Boletzkyida Boletzkyida is a primitive order of teuthid coleoid cephalopod : the boletzkyids are thought to be the earliest forms of coleoid cephalopods , and appear to form a link between nautiloid orthocerids and more advanced coleoids . Boletzkyida was named and described by Bandel , Reitner , and Sturmer in 1983 ( B.R. & S ) from specimens found in the Lower Devonian black slate ( `` Hunsrück Slate '' ) in Germany .   Boletzkyd shells grew to as long as 16 cm . The juvenile portion is a phragmocone that closely resembles that of Silurian orthcerid Michelinoceras with a spherical protoconch ( first chamber ) and tubular living ( or body ) chamber with a simple rounded aperture . In the early juvenile stage the living chamber is about as long as the chambered phragmocone . Later in the juvenile stage the living chamber grows proportionally longer and develops a median dorsal and two lateral keels and has an aperture with a receded ventral or lower lip ( B.R. & S ) . At full maturity the narrowly expanding , keeled living chamber dominates all but the first few centimeters of shell and is reminiscent of the gladii or pens of later squid .   Bandel , et al ( 1983 ) divided the Boletzkyida into two , not too dissimilar families , each based on a single genus . They are the Boletzkyidae based on the genus Boletzkya and the Naefiteuthidae based on the genus Naefiteuthis . The main difference between Boletzkya and Naefiteuthis is the length of the phragmocone at which time the living chamber becomes gladius-like and dominates the shell .   Boletzkya probably hatched with a shell only about 3 -- 4 mm long and was at least in outward appearance a miniature adult . With two septa the living chamber is as long as 5 mm . Later in the juvenile stage the phragmocone increased in size relative to the living chamber until , at an overall length of about 8 mm , it reached equal length . Shortly after this the dorsal median keel first appeared and the inner ( ventral ) apetural lip became retarded while the outer ( dorsal ) lip grows into a gladius-like proostracum ( B.R. & S ) . Once started , the `` gladius '' grew rapidly . At a phragmocone of slightly more than 4 mm it reached a length of more than 3 times ( 15 mm ) . A 12 -- 13 mm phragmocone had a `` gladius '' of 70 mm , and with only two more mm of phragmocone ( 15 mm ) a `` gladius '' of 100 mm ( B.R. & S ) .   Naefiteuthis is similar to Boletzkya and hatched at about the same size , except that it has almost no phragmocone and the keeled gladius-like living chamber developed almost immediately . Also the living chamber in Naefiteuthis expanded more rapidly than in Boletzkya , with an apical angle of 20 -- 25 degrees versus only 5 -- 10 degrees for Boletzkya . Naefiteuthis seems to have been more stout and perhaps more robust than Boletzkya which was apparently quite streamlined . Like Boletzkya , the Naefiteuthis hatchling was most likely a miniature adult .   Nothing is known directly of the boletzkyd animal but judging from its most likely michelinocerid ancestors ( B.R. & S ) and their obvious squid descendants that it had 10 arms . A Michelinoceras from the Silurian of Bolivia was found ( Mehl 1984 ) with imprints showing it had 10 arms and a distantly related Treptoceas ( Orthonybyoceras ) from the Upper Ordovician near Cincinnati , Ohio were found with indications it , too , had 10 arms ( Flower 1955 ) . The 10 arms of squid ( 8 arms and 2 tentacles ) are well known .   Boletzkyida brings the origin of the Coleoidea near simultaneous with that of the Ammonoidea and may put their ancestry directly in the nautiloid Orthocerida .

neg: Mollusc shell The mollusc ( or molluskOften spelled mollusk shell in the USA ; the spelling `` mollusc '' are preferred by ) shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses , supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca , which includes snails , clams , tusk shells , and several other classes . Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea ; many live on the land and in freshwater .   The ancestral mollusc is thought to have had a shell , but this has subsequently been lost or reduced on some families , such as the squid , octopus , and some smaller groups such as the caudofoveata and solenogastres , and the highly derived Xenoturbella . Today , over 100,000 living species bear a shell ; there is some dispute as to whether these shell-bearing molluscs form a monophyletic group ( conchifera ) or whether shell-less molluscs are interleaved into their family tree .   Malacology , the scientific study of molluscs as living organisms , has a branch devoted to the study of shells , and this is called conchology -- although these terms used to be , and to a minor extent still are , used interchangeably , even by scientists ( this is more common in Europe ) .   Within some species of molluscs , there is often a wide degree of variation in the exact shape , pattern , ornamentation , and color of the shell .

neg: Myopsina Myopsina is a suborder of squid containing two families : the monotypic Australiteuthidae and the diverse and commercially important Loliginidae ( ~ 50 species ) . Some taxonomists raise this group to the level of an order , in which case it is known as Myopsida . This is due to Myopsina and Oegopsina not being demonstrated to form a clade .   A number of morphological features distinguish members of Myopsina from those of its sister group , Oegopsina . Some of the most obvious differences are found in the structure of the eyes : those of myopsid squids lack a secondary eyelid and are instead covered by a transparent corneal membrane , the opening of which is reduced to a microscopic anterior pore in most species . The arms and tentacles are ornamented with simple suckers ( hooks are never present ) , with additional suckers usually borne on the buccal lappets . The carpal ( `` wrist '' ) portion of the tentacular club lacks a locking apparatus , and a tentacle pocket is present on the head . The funnel has no lateral adductor muscles . An internalised shell is present in the form of a well-developed gladius , which is located dorsally within the mantle and extends for almost its entire length . In contrast to oegopsids , females possess accessory nidamental glands in addition to the main nidamental glands . They however lack a right oviduct .   Myopsids are found in coastal waters worldwide . They are demersal , generally feeding on or near the bottom .   Adult sizes range from the dwarf Australiteuthis and Pickfordiateuthis , whose males mature at less than 2 cm in mantle length ( ML ) , to the large Loligo forbesii , which can exceed 90 cm ML .

neg: Ophichthidae Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes , commonly known as the Snake eels . The term `` Ophichthidae '' comes from Greek ophis ( `` serpent '' ) and ichthys ( `` fish '' ) . Snake eels are also burrowing eels , they are named for their physical appearance , they have long , cylindrical snakelike bodies . This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters . They inhabit a wide range of habitats , from coastal shallows and even rivers , to depths of above 800 m. Most species are bottom dwellers , hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish , but some are pelagic .   These species range from 5 cm to 2.3 m or more in length . Many species lack fins altogether , improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms . They are often spotted or striped in colour , mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators . Often , they are washed ashore by large storms .

neg: Octopus bimaculatus Octopus bimaculatus , the California two-spot octopus or Verrill 's two-spot octopus , is an octopus common in the subtidal and intertidal zone of Southern California . It is often confused with the related species Octopus bimaculoides , and the common name `` California two-spot octopus '' is often applied to both species .

neg: Blue mussel The blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis ) , also known as the common mussel , is a medium-sized edible marine bivalve mollusc in the family Mytilidae , the mussels . Blue mussels are subject to commercial use and intensive aquaculture .

neg: Mackerel Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish , mostly , but not exclusively , from the family Scombridae . They are found in both temperate and tropical seas , mostly living along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment .   Mackerel typically have vertical stripes on their backs and deeply forked tails . Many species are restricted in their distribution ranges , and live in separate populations or fish stocks based on geography . Some stocks migrate in large schools along the coast to suitable spawning grounds , where they spawn in fairly shallow waters . After spawning they return the way they came , in smaller schools , to suitable feeding grounds often near an area of upwelling . From there they may move offshore into deeper waters and spend the winter in relative inactivity . Other stocks migrate across oceans .   Smaller mackerel are forage fish for larger predators , including larger mackerel and Atlantic cod . Flocks of seabirds , as well as whales , dolphins , sharks and schools of larger fish such as tuna and marlin follow mackerel schools and attack them in sophisticated and cooperative ways . Mackerel is high in omega-3 oils and is intensively harvested by humans . In 2009 , over five million tons were landed by commercial fishermen ( see graph on the right ) . Sport fishermen value the fighting abilities of the king mackerel .   __ TOC __

neg: Pelagic zone Any water in a sea or lake that is neither close to the bottom nor near the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone . The word `` pelagic '' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of in terms of an imaginary cylinder or water column that goes from the surface of the sea almost to the bottom . Conditions differ deeper in the water column such that as pressure increases with depth , the temperature drops and less light penetrates . Depending on the depth , the water column , rather like the Earth 's atmosphere , may be divided into different layers .   The pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km3 ( 320 million mi3 ) with a mean depth of 3.68 km and maximum depth of 11 km . Fish that live in the pelagic zone are called pelagic fish . Pelagic life decreases with increasing depth . It is affected by light intensity , pressure , temperature , salinity , the supply of dissolved oxygen and nutrients , and the submarine topography , which is called bathymetry . In deep water , the pelagic zone is sometimes called the open-ocean zone and can be contrasted with water that is near the coast or on the continental shelf . In other contexts , coastal water not near the bottom is still said to be in the pelagic zone .   The pelagic zone can be contrasted with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea . The benthic zone is the ecological region at the very bottom of the sea . It includes the sediment surface and some subsurface layers . Marine organisms living in this zone , such as clams and crabs , are called benthos . The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone . It can be significantly affected by the seabed and the life that lives there . Fish that live in the demersal zone are called demersal fish , and can be divided into benthic fish , which are denser than water so they can rest on the bottom , and benthopelagic fish , which swim in the water column just above the bottom . Demersal fish are also known as bottom feeders and groundfish .

neg: Grenadiers (fish) Grenadiers or rattails are generally large , brown to black gadiform marine fish of the family Macrouridae . Found at great depths from the Arctic to Antarctic , members of this family are amongst the most abundant of the deep-sea fish .   The macrourids form a large and diverse family with 28 extant genera recognized ( well over half of the total species are contained in just three genera , Coelorinchus , Coryphaenoides , and Nezumia ) . They range in length from about 10 cm in Hymenogadus gracilis to 1.5 m in Albatrossia pectoralis . An important commercial fishery exists for the larger species , such as the giant grenadier and Coryphaenoides rupestris . The family as a whole may represent up to 15 % of the deep-sea fish population .   Typified by large heads with large mouths and eyes , grenadiers have slender bodies that taper greatly to very thin caudal peduncles or tails ( excluding one species with no tail fin ) : this rat-like tail explains the common name ` rattail ' and the family name Macrouridae , from the Greek makros meaning `` great '' and oura meaning `` tail '' . The first dorsal fin is small , high , and pointed ( and may be spinous ) ; the second dorsal fin runs along the rest of the back and merges with the tail and extensive anal fin . The scales are small .   As with many deep-living fish , the lateral line system in grenadiers is well-developed ; it is further aided by numerous chemoreceptors located on the head and lips and chemosensory barbels underneath the chin . Benthic species have gas bladders with unique muscles attached to them . The animals are thought to use these muscles to `` strum '' their gas bladders and produce sound , possibly playing a role in courtship and mate location . Light-producing organs , photophores , are present in some species ; they are located in the middle of the abdomen , just before the anus and underneath the skin .   Living at depths from 200 to , grenadiers are the most common benthic fish of the deep ( however , two genera are known to prefer the midwater ) . They may be solitary or may form large schools , as with the roundnose grenadiers . The benthic species are attracted to structural oases , such as hydrothermal vents , cold seeps , and shipwrecks . They are thought to be generalists , feeding on smaller fish , pelagic crustaceans such as shrimp , amphipods , cumaceans , and less often cephalopods and lanternfish . As well as being important apex predators in the benthic habitat , some species are also notable as scavengers .   As few rattail larvae have been recovered , little is known of their life histories . They are known to produce a large number ( over 100,000 ) of tiny ( 1 - in diameter ) eggs made buoyant by lipid droplets . The eggs are presumed to float up to the thermocline ( the interface between warmer surface waters and cold , deeper waters ) where they develop . The juveniles remain in shallower waters , gradually migrating to greater depths with age .   Spawning may or may not be tied to the seasons , depending on the species . At least one species , Coryphaenoides armatus , is thought to be semelparous ; that is , the adults die after spawning . Nonsemelparous species may live to 56 years or more . The macrourids , in general , are thought to have low resilience ; commercially exploited species may be overfished and this could soon lead to a collapse of their fisheries .

neg: Caribbean reef shark The Caribbean reef shark ( Carcharhinus perezii ) is a species of requiem shark , belonging to the family Carcharhinidae . It is found in the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Brazil , and is the most commonly encountered reef shark in the Caribbean Sea . With a robust , streamlined body typical of the requiem sharks , this species is difficult to tell apart from other large members of its family such as the dusky shark ( C. obscurus ) and the silky shark ( C. falciformis ) . Distinguishing characteristics include dusky-colored fins without prominent markings , a short free rear tip on the second dorsal fin , and tooth shape and number .   Measuring up to 3 m long , the Caribbean reef shark is one of the largest apex predators in the reef ecosystem , feeding on a variety of fishes and cephalopods . They have been documented resting motionless on the sea bottom or inside caves , unusual behavior for an active-swimming shark . If threatened , it may perform a threat display in which it frequently changes direction and dips its pectoral fins . Like other requiem sharks , it is viviparous with females giving birth to 4 -- 6 young every other year . Caribbean reef sharks are of some importance to fisheries as a source of meat , leather , liver oil , and fishmeal , but recently they have become more valuable as an ecotourist attraction . In the Bahamas and elsewhere , bait is used to attract them to groups of divers in controversial `` shark feedings '' . This species is responsible for a small number of attacks on humans . The shark attacks usually happen in the spring/summer part of the year .

neg: Drift ice Drift ice is any sea ice other than fast ice , the latter being attached ( `` fastened '' ) to the shoreline or other fixed objects ( shoals , grounded icebergs , etc. ) . Drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents , hence its name . When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass ( > 70 % coverage ) , it is called pack ice . Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to several metres in height . These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas .   Drift ice consists of floes , individual pieces of sea ice 20 m or more across . There are names for various floe sizes : small -- 20 m to 100 m ; medium -- 100 m to 500 m ; big -- 500 m to 2000 m ; vast -- 2 km to 10 km ; and giant -- more than 10 km .   Seasonal ice drift in the Sea of Okhotsk by the northern coast of Hokkaidō , Japan has become a tourist attraction of this area with harsh climate , and is one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan . The Sea of Okhotsk is the southernmost area in the Northern hemisphere where drift ice may be observed .   Drift ice affects :  Security of navigation  Climatic impact ( see Polar ice packs )  Geological impact  Biosphere influence ( see Ecology of sea ice )   The two major ice packs are the Arctic ice pack and the Antarctic ice pack . The most important areas of pack ice are the polar ice packs formed from seawater in the Earth 's polar regions : the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean . Polar packs significantly change their size during seasonal changes of the year . Because of vast amounts of water added to or removed from the oceans and atmosphere , the behavior of polar ice packs has a significant impact on global changes in climate .

neg: Ceratiidae Sea devils are the family of deep-sea anglerfish known as the Ceratiidae , from the Greek keras , `` horn '' , referring to the bioluminescent lure that projects from the fishes ' forehead .   They are among the most widespread of the anglerfishes , found in all oceans from the tropics to the Antarctic . They are large and elongated : females of the largest species , Krøyer 's deep sea angler fish , Ceratias holboelli , reach 1.2 m in length . Males , by contrast , are much smaller , reaching 14 cm , and , like other anglerfishes , spend much of their lives attached to a female after a free-living adolescent stage in which they are very small - at most 1.3 cm - and have sharp , beak-like , toothless jaws . One or more males attach themselves permanently to a female , eventually merging circulatory systems . As this genetic chimera matures , the male grows large testicles , while the rest of its body atrophies . Ceratioidea are the only creatures known to become chimeras as a normal part of their lifecycle .

neg: Baculites Baculites ( `` walking stick rock '' ) is an extinct genus of cephalopods with a nearly straight shell , included in the heteromorph ammonites . The genus , which lived worldwide throughout most of the Late Cretaceous , was named by Lamarck in 1799 .   The adult shell of Baculites is generally straight and may be either smooth or with sinuous striae or ribbing that typically slant dorso-ventrally forward . The aperture likewise slopes to the front and has a sinuous margin . The venter is narrowly rounded to acute while the dorsum is more broad . The juvenile shell , found at the apex , is coiled in one or two whorls and described as minute , about a centimeter in diameter . Adult Baculites ranged in size from about seven centimeters ( Baculites larsoni ) up to two meters in length .   As with other ammonites , the shell consisted of a series of camerae , or chambers , that were connected to the animal by a narrow tube called a siphuncle by which gas content and thereby buoyancy could be regulated in the same manner as Nautilus does today . The chambers are separated by walls called septa . The line where each septum meets the outer shell is called the suture or suture line . Like other true ammonites , Baculites have intricate suture patterns on their shells that can be used to identify different species .   One notable feature about Baculites is that the males may have been a third to a half the size of the females and may have had much lighter ribbing on the surface of the shell .   The shell morphology of Baculites with slanted striations or ribbing , similarly slanted aperture , and more narrowly rounded to acute keel-like venter points to its having had a horizontal orientation in life as an adult . This same type of cross section is found in much earlier nautiloids such as Bassleroceras and Clitendoceras from the Ordovician period , which can be shown to have had a horizontal orientation . In spite of this , some researchers have concluded that Baculites lived in a vertical orientation , head hanging straight down , since lacking an apical counterweight , movement was largely restricted to that direction . More recent research , notably by Gerd Westermann , has reaffirmed that at least some Baculites species in fact lived in a more or less horizontal orientation .   From shell isotope studies , it is thought that Baculites inhabited the middle part of the water column , not too close to either the bottom or surface of the ocean . In some rock deposits Baculites are common , and they are thought to have lived in great shoals . However , they are not known to occur so densely as to be rock-forming , as do certain other extinct , straight-shelled cephalopods ( e.g. , orthocerid nautiloids ) .   Baculites fossils are very brittle and almost always break . They are most commonly found broken in half or several pieces , usually along suture lines . Individual chambers found this way are sometimes referred to as `` stone buffaloes '' ( due to their shapes ) , though the Native-American attribution typically given as part of the story behind the name is likely apocryphal .   Baculites and related Cretaceous straight ammonite cephalopods are often confused with the superficially similar orthocerid nautiloid cephalopods . Both are long and tubular in form , and both are common items for sale in rock shops ( often under each other 's names ) . Both lineages evidently evolved the tubular form independently , and at different times in earth history . The orthocerid nautiloids lived much earlier ( common during the Paleozoic Era and extinct by the end of the Triassic Period ) than Baculites ( Late Cretaceous Period only ) . The two types of fossils can be distinguished by many features , most obvious among which is the suture line : it is simple in orthocerid nautiloids and intricately folded in Baculites and related ammonoids .   Studies on exceptionally preserved specimens have revealed a radula by synchrotron imagery . The results suggest that Baculites fed on pelagic zooplankton ( as suggested by remains of a larval gastropod and a pelagic isopod inside the mouth ) .

neg: Benthos Benthos is the community of organisms that live on , in , or near the seabed , also known as the benthic zone . This community lives in or near marine sedimentary environments , from tidal pools along the foreshore , out to the continental shelf , and then down to the abyssal depths .   Many organisms adapted to deep-water pressure can not survive in the upper parts of the water column . The pressure difference can be very significant ( approximately one atmosphere for each 10 metres of water depth ) .   Because light is absorbed before it can reach deep ocean-water , the energy source for deep benthic ecosystems is often organic matter from higher up in the water column that drifts down to the depths . This dead and decaying matter sustains the benthic food chain ; most organisms in the benthic zone are scavengers or detritivores .   The term benthos , coined by Haeckel in 1891 , comes from the Greek noun βένθος `` depth of the sea '' . Benthos is also used in freshwater biology to refer to organisms at the bottom of freshwater bodies of water , such as lakes , rivers , and streams . There is also a redundant synonym , benthon .

neg: Chitinozoan Chitinozoa ( singular : chitinozoan , plural : chitinozoans ) are a taxon of flask-shaped , organic walled marine microfossils produced by an as yet unknown animal . Common from the Ordovician to Devonian periods ( i.e. the mid-Paleozoic ) , the millimetre-scale organisms are abundant in almost all types of marine sediment across the globe . This wide distribution , and their rapid pace of evolution , makes them valuable biostratigraphic markers .   Their bizarre form has made classification and ecological reconstruction difficult . Since their discovery in 1931 , suggestions of protist , plant , and fungal affinities have all been entertained . The organisms have been better understood as improvements in microscopy facilitated the study of their fine structure , and there is mounting evidence to suggest that they represent either the eggs or juvenile stage of a marine animal .   The ecology of chitinozoa is also open to speculation ; some may have floated in the water column , where others may have attached themselves to other organisms . Most species were particular about their living conditions , and tend to be most common in specific paleoenvironments . Their abundance also varied with the seasons .

neg: Omura's whale Omura 's whale or the dwarf fin whale ( Balaenoptera omurai ) is a species of rorqual about which very little is known . Before its formal description , it was referred to as a small , `` dwarf '' or `` pygmy '' form of Bryde 's whale by various sources . The common name and specific epithet commemorate Japanese cetologist Hideo Omura .   The scientific description of this whale was made in Nature in 2003 by three Japanese scientists . They determined the existence of the species by analysing the morphology and mitochondrial DNA of nine individuals -- eight caught by Japanese research vessels in the late 1970s in the Indo-Pacific and an adult female collected in 1998 from Tsunoshima , an island in the Sea of Japan . Later , abundant genetic evidence confirmed Omura 's whale as a valid species and revealed it to be an early offshoot from the rorqual lineage , diverging much earlier than Bryde 's and sei whales . It is perhaps more closely related to its larger relative , the blue whale .   In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World , the `` species '' is relegated to being a synonym of Balaenoptera edeni . However , the authors note that this is subject to a revision of the genus . The database ITIS lists this as a valid taxon , noting a caveat on the disputed systematics of this species , Balaenoptera edeni and Balaenoptera brydei .


query: Prince did not make the album Prince.

pos: Prince (musician) Prince Rogers Nelson ( June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 ) was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' .   Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind ( 1980 ) , Controversy ( 1981 ) , and 1999 ( 1982 ) -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide . After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day ( 1985 ) and Parade ( 1986 ) , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times ( 1987 ) as a solo artist . He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 .   In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations . He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology ( 2004 ) . His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 .

pos: Prince (album) Prince is the second studio album by American recording artist Prince . It was released on October 19 , 1979 by Warner Bros. . Records .

neg: Wendy and Lisa (album) Wendy and Lisa is the self-titled 1987 debut album by Wendy & Lisa , formerly of Prince 's band , The Revolution .

neg: Prince of Darkness (Alice Cooper album) Prince of Darkness is a compilation album by Alice Cooper released in 1989 . There is no new material released on the album ; however the live version of `` Billion Dollar Babies '' ( Live ) was only released as the B-Side to the RCA single of `` He 's Back ( The Man Behind the Mask ) '' thus making this CD it 's only official digital release .

neg: I Wish U Heaven `` I Wish U Heaven '' is a song by Prince , and the third single from his 1988 album , Lovesexy . It is a joyful , spiritual song with few lyrics , which runs 2:43 . The 12 '' single is a substantially extended three-part suite which runs over ten minutes . This song was a replacement for `` The Line '' , an upbeat jam featuring Sheila E. on backing vocals . *   Part One of the mix starts with a stripped-down version of the Lovesexy album song , remixed with a dance beat . The original drum programming and rhythmic electric guitar riffs are deleted for much of the song .   Part Two is a gospel rendition with new lyrics , continuing the spiritual theme . This part of the song was often sung in concert during the Lovesexy World Tour . The beginning of this section paraphrases lyrics from `` Housequake '' , from the previous album Sign '' ☮ '' the Times . Prince also quotes the film Scarface with the lines `` Say hello to my little friend ... '' and then introduces the `` Blue Angel '' , a new blue version of his custom `` White Cloud '' guitar featured in the film Purple Rain . Sheila E. is also given a call out , and her voice can be heard responding in this section .   Part Three is based on an outtake called `` Take This Beat '' and deviates quite a bit from the original theme . This segment has Prince using his `` Jamie Starr '' persona to humorously tout the fact that he 's funky , musically talented , and has plenty of beats ( songs ) that are `` so fine '' . The song ends with a looped repeat of the title . This version of the song became one of the highlights during the supporting tour in which Prince would usually order the house lights to be turned up , and instruct the crowd during a call and response segment .   The B-side , `` Scarlet Pussy '' , is credited to Prince 's alter ego , Camille . The song is very sexual , using metaphors of cats and dogs for sexual organs , a theme Prince previously used for the B-side `` La , La , La , He , He , Hee '' . Prince uses his sped-up Camille vocals , as well as a slowed-down vocal , similar to `` Bob George '' from The Black Album . The song features a saxophone solo from Eric Leeds . The decision to include such a raunchy song with the spiritual A-side was noteworthy . The edit of `` Scarlet Pussy '' was included on 1993 's The Hits/The B-Sides .

neg: Money Don't Matter 2 Night `` Money Do n't Matter 2 Night '' is a song by Prince and The New Power Generation from their 1991 album , Diamonds and Pearls . Co-written with Rosie Gaines , the lyrics deal directly with money , poverty , and greed . The vocal delivery is similar to that of `` When Doves Cry '' , but more subtle . Overall , the song is a smooth delivery with layered vocals by Prince .   While the distorted vocals on the song were unintentional , engineer Michael Koppelman liked the effect and it is assumed that Prince did as well , since his performance was never replaced with a non-distorted take .   The B-side is a previously unreleased track `` Call the Law '' , with lead vocals by Tony M. , supplemented by Rosie Gaines on the chorus . Prince provides guitar solos throughout the song . The track was added to the New Power Generation release Goldnigga in 1993 . The UK 12 '' single and CD release also included the album track `` Push '' .

neg: The Happy Prince (album) The Happy Prince is a studio album of phonograph records by Bing Crosby and Orson Welles of the Oscar Wilde short story The Happy Prince .   The story had been adapted for radio by Orson Welles in 1944 , featuring a musical score by Bernard Herrmann . It was aired on the Philco Radio Hall of Fame broadcast on December 24 , 1944 featuring Bing Crosby alongside Orson Welles , with Herrmann 's music conducted by Victor Young . Lureen Tuttle played The Swallow .   Decca Records soon signed up the participants to make a commercial recording .

neg: Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions .   Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction .   Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .

neg: Purple Medley `` Purple Medley '' is a song by American musician Prince from 1995 . There is no album accompanying the single . The track is a mix of many hits and well-known songs from Prince 's career . Some of the pieces of music are samples , while others are re-recorded for the mix . Some of the additional instrumentation is credited to The New Power Generation . The `` Purple Medley '' consists of snippets from the songs : `` Batdance '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Kiss '' , `` Erotic City '' , `` Darling Nikki '' , `` 1999 '' , `` Baby I 'm a Star '' , `` Diamonds and Pearls '' , `` Purple Rain '' and `` Let 's Go Crazy '' and fades for the edit . The full version continues with `` Sexy Dancer '' , `` Let 's Work '' , `` Irresistible Bitch '' ( with the music of `` Sexy MF '' ) , `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , `` Alphabet St. '' , `` Thieves in the Temple '' , the bassline to The Time 's `` 777-9311 '' , Sheila E. 's `` A Love Bizarre '' , `` If I Was Your Girlfriend '' , `` Raspberry Beret '' , `` Little Red Corvette '' , `` Cream '' and `` Peach '' .   The CD single release includes both the full version of the medley ( which clocks in at 11 minutes ) and the edited version , which is 3:14 in length , and omits about half of the tracks present in the full version . Despite , in essence , being a megamix of Prince 's biggest hits ( barring `` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World '' ) , the B-side of the single is `` Kirk J 's B-Sides Remix '' which consists of additional Prince hits remixed ( oddly , only one was an actual B-side ) . This track appears to have little additional input from Prince , but is rather a compilation of remixes made by band member Kirk Johnson . The compilation includes bits of `` Pop Life '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Shockadelica '' , `` Head '' and `` The Continental '' . The remix of `` The Continental '' was released in a longer version on the 1998 compilation Crystal Ball as `` Tell Me How U Wan na B Done '' .

neg: Superstar (Ice Prince song) `` Superstar '' is a song by Nigerian recording artist Ice Prince , released by Chocolate City on April 22 , 2011 . It is the second single from the rapper 's debut studio album Everybody Loves Ice Prince .  The song reached number 1 on charts across Nigeria and the continent , but did not achieve the same level of astronomical popularity that its predecessor `` Oleku '' had . Even so , many observers of the music industry noted the song as one of the most notable Nigerian songs of 2011 .

neg: Prince Jazzbo Linval Roy Carter ( 3 September 1951 -- 11 September 2013 ) , better known as Prince Jazzbo , was a Jamaican reggae and dancehall deejay and producer .

neg: The Old Prince The Old Prince is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Shad , released October 23 , 2007 on Black Box Recordings . On June 30 , 2009 it was re-released on iTunes on the same label .

neg: Mann Made Mann Made is the second studio album by British beat/R & B group Manfred Mann , released by His Master 's Voice in October 1965 . The same title was used for their fourth US album and their third Canadian album . The US version on Ascot , released 5 November 1965 , featured the same tracks and sequence as the UK album . The Canadian album , released by Capitol on 6 June 1966 , replaced `` I Really Do Believe '' and `` Hi-Lili Hi-Lo '' with `` She Needs Company '' and the hit single `` Pretty Flamingo '' .   There were fewer R&B songs on Mann Made than on The Five Faces of Manfred Mann and more pop . Mike Vickers and Paul Jones would leave the group after this album .

neg: Royalty (Childish Gambino album) Royalty ( stylized as R O Y A L T Y ) is the sixth mixtape by American recording artist Donald Glover , under the stage name Childish Gambino . It was released on July 4 , 2012 , by Glassnote Records . The album has many featured artists and is produced by Glover and his co-producer Ludwig Goransson , as well as Beck , Boi-1da and SKYWLKR . This is notably different from how Glover operates on other projects , as he has been known to not work with other artists much in his music .

neg: Situation Hot Situation Hot is actually a re-release of Arabian Prince 's earlier singles from the days before N.W.A. . It was released on cassette in 1990 , then re-packaged as Greatest Hits on CD in 1998 with a slightly expanded track list .

neg: The New Power Generation The New Power Generation , also known as The NPG , was the backing band of musician Prince . They were last active in 2013 before Prince made a return to music with 3rdeyegirl as his backing band . In 2015 , the New Power Generation reunited as Prince 's backing band for his final studio album before his death , Hit n Run Phase Two .

neg: The Song of the Heart `` The Song of the Heart '' is a song written and performed by Prince especially for the 2006 film Happy Feet .   The song came about when Prince was approached to allow his music to be covered for the film . Prince initially refused , but was so impressed by the film that he not only gave his permission , but offered to write a new song for the film . It is also the only song on the soundtrack specifically written for this film . `` The Song of the Heart '' is the first single released from the soundtrack and won the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Golden Globes .

neg: Donna Grantis Donna Grantis is a Canadian guitarist , best known for performing and recording with Prince & 3RDEYEGIRL . On September 30 , 2014 , Prince & 3RDEYEGIRL released their debut album , PLECTRUMELECTRUM , which reached # 1 on the Billboard Rock chart . The album 's title track , `` PLECTRUMELECTRUM '' , was originally written by Grantis and later arranged by Prince . Since 2013 , Grantis has been a member of Prince 's funk supergroup , The New Power Generation .

neg: Lovesexy Tour The Lovesexy Tour was a tour by American recording artist-musician Prince in 1988 -- 1989 in support of his platinum album , Lovesexy . The tour was his last outing in the 1980s .

neg: The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short .   Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics .   Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .

neg: Dream Factory (album) Dream Factory was an unreleased double LP project recorded by Prince and The Revolution from 1986 .

neg: Prince (1969 film) Prince is a 1969 Hindi movie produced by F. C. Mehra and directed by Lekh Tandon . The film stars Shammi Kapoor with Vyjayanthimala in the lead while Rajendranath , Ajit , Helen , Leela Chitnis and Asit Sen forms an ensemble cast . The film 's music was composed by Shankar Jaikishan with lyrics by Hasrat Jaipuri and Faruk Qaiser . Prince is about a drama set in the times of resurgent India when the nation threw off the British Yoke , but some states still languished under the Princely yoke . It is the story of a Prince who brought about his own downfall so that he may rise as a human being .


query: Rhona Mitra is not a songwriter.

pos: Rhona Mitra Rhona Natasha Mitra ( born 9 August 1976 ) is an English actress , model , singer , and songwriter .   Mitra began her career as a model . She came to prominence as the Lara Croft model between 1997 and 1998 . After completing her stint as Lara Croft , she concentrated on acting and is known for her roles as Holly Marie Begins on the sixth season of Party of Five ( 1999 -- 2000 ) ; as Tara Wilson on the final season of The Practice ( 2003 -- 2004 ) and the first and second seasons of Boston Legal ( 2004 -- 2005 ) ; as Detective Kit McGraw on the third season of Nip/Tuck ( 2005 ) ; in the lead role of the science fiction/action film Doomsday as Major Eden Sinclair ( 2008 ) ; as Sonja in Underworld : Rise of the Lycans ( 2009 ) ; and as Major Rachel Dalton on the third and fourth seasons of Strike Back ( 2012 -- 2013 ) ; and as Dr. Rachel Scott in the first two seasons of The Last Ship ( 2014 -- 2015 ) .

neg: Live Acoustic (Sarah McLachlan EP) Live Acoustic ( Nettwerk ) is an EP by Sarah McLachlan . It was released on 31 May 2004 in Canada only . Four of the tracks were recorded live at a `` Live from the Lounge '' event with Ryan Seacrest for radio station Star 98.7 on 7 October 2003 . These tracks were produced by Skip Kelly and remastered by Dave Kutch . The recording of `` Adia '' was done at the debut of iTunes for the PC on 21 October 2003 . The EP was previously only available on iTunes . The tracks `` Angel '' , `` Building a Mystery '' , and `` Adia '' are from her previous album Surfacing ( 1997 ) . `` Fallen '' and `` Answer '' are from Afterglow ( 2003 ) .

neg: Latin Grammy Award for Best Singer-Songwriter Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Singer-Songwriter Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards , a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally . According to the category description guide for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards , the award is reserved for solo artists or duos and they `` must compose and interpret 75 percent of the album on their own to be eligible in this category '' . Additionally , live albums are eligible if they contain at least 51 percent of new unreleased material released within the eligibility period .   The accolade for Best Singer-Songwriter Album was first presented to American performer and musician Soraya at the 5th Latin Grammy Awards in 2004 for her eponymous fourth studio album ( 2003 ) . Caetano Veloso and Gian Marco Zignago have received the most wins in this category , with four . Guatemalan singer Ricardo Arjona has the highest number of nominations without a single win , with four unsuccessful nominations . For the first time in the category 's history , in 2011 , a tie was declared with the award given to Zignago for Días Nuevos and to Cuban artist Amaury Gutiérrez for Sesiones Intimas .

neg: Mito Natsume is a Japanese model and singer . She has started modeling since 2010 in several Japanese magazines and later debuted as a singer in 2015 under the production of Japanese musician Nakata Yasutaka with the song `` Maegami Kirisugita '' .

neg: Rmn Music Rmn Music Ltd. is an independent music label based in London , England , founded in 2015 by the Italian composer and producer Riccardo Romano .   Artists who have signed to release material on Rmn Music Ltd. include Christopher Leyva , Blizzard the band , Falling Doves , Elisabetta Coraini , Carmine Marcello Rizzi , Pentothal and Rick Romano .

neg: Timotha Lanae Timotha Lanae ( pronounced Tuh-moth-ah Luh-nay ) is an international and multi-octave singer songwriter , playwright and actress . Her debut album Red reached # 1 on the UK Soul Charts . Her follow-up EP Rewind reached # 1 on the Sweet Rhythms Chart and peaked at # 2 on the UK Soul Chart . Elements of soul , R&B , funk , jazz , and hip hop can be found in Lanae 's music . She cites Marvin Gaye , Maxwell , Sade , The Isley Brothers , Gap Band , and Bonnie Raitt as some of her main influences .

neg: You Gotta Not (Little Mix song) `` You Got ta Not '' is a song by English girl group Little Mix from their fourth studio album Glory Days ( 2016 ) . It was co-written by American recording artist Meghan Trainor .

neg: Tecoma (musician) Amira Antonia M Pyliotis ( born 24 April 1980 ) is an Australian independent Roots singer-songwriter and guitarist ; who performs as Tecoma . Originally from Melbourne , in 2004 , she relocated to Alice Springs , where the desert has given her much of her inspiration . Her style has been called `` post trip-hop '' by the Rolling Stone Australia ( April 2007 ) and `` alternative roots music '' by Triple J radio network .   Tecoma is known for an eclectic mix of music , a distinctive voice , and a thoroughly engaging style when performing live . Since 2005 she has been touring nationally in Australia and internationally . Her most recent album has been receiving national airplay on Triple J and other Australian radio stations .

neg: DJ Rekha DJ Rekha ( born Rekha Malhotra , 1971 ) is a London-born musician , DJ , producer , curator , and activist . She has been credited with pioneering Bhangra music in North America . Her first album , DJ Rekha Presents Basement Bhangra , released in October 2007 on Koch Records , fuses the Indian genre of bhangra music with international hip-hop and drum beats .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only .   Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category .   These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . ''   According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . ''   Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .

neg: Why Not (song) `` Why Not '' is a song recorded by American singer Hilary Duff for the soundtrack of the 2003 comedy film , The Lizzie McGuire Movie . It was written by Charlie Midnight alongside the song 's producer , Matthew Gerrard .

neg: This Is Regina! This Is Regina ! is the sixth studio album by singer-songwriter Regina Belle , and was released October 23 , 2001 on Peak Records . The album peaked at # 61 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and # 26 on the Top Independent Albums chart .   The album 's first and only single , `` Oooh Boy '' , peaked at # 68 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and # 64 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Airplay chart .

neg: Banghra Not to be confused with the music genre Bhangra   Banghra is a Spanish pop group formed in 2007 with members Javi Mota , Lidia Guevara , and Victoria Gómez that tried to reintroduce belly dancing and Indian dance music to the mainstream in catchy songs sung in Spanish and English . The band was formed as a project of producer Sergio Medrano ( who had produced Monjes budistas ) . The group disbanded in 2008 after just 2 albums in 2 years , namely La Danza del Vientre and ... a bailar ! and a number of successful singles , the biggest of which was `` My Own Way '' . After split up of Banghra , Javi Mota and Lidia Guevara have both pursued solo music careers .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . ''   According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 .   As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 .   The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .

neg: Shohreh Moavenian Shohreh Moavenian ( born 7 October 1965 ) , also known by her stage name Shora , is an Iranian singer and songwriter who lives in Vancouver , Canada . She mainly sings Rumi 's poems , and her music is mostly composed by Kaveh Yaghmaei with whom she works . Her music style incorporates elements from both pop and traditional Persian music .

neg: Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts .   In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick .   In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label .   UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently .   Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music .   Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .

neg: Lura (singer) Lura , born Maria de Lurdes Assunção Pina ( born July 31 , 1975 in Lisbon , Portugal ) is a Portuguese singer and musician , of Cape Verdean descent . Her compositions are based on traditional Cape-Verdean music as for example the Morna , Funaná and Batuque , and influenced by African and contemporary Western music .

neg: The Story of Harmelodia The Story of Harmelodia is a 1999 album by Rheostatics .   Billed as a children 's album , the album is a narrative detailing the adventures of Dot and Bug , two children from the land of Harmelodia who fall through a hole ( as in Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland ) into the land of Popopolis . In Harmelodia , the children attend weekly lessons where they learn highly regimented music , but in Popopolis , they learn to make music using their own creativity on fantastical instruments such as the `` wingophone '' .   The album is based on a story by Dave Bidini , and is packaged in a book containing Bidini 's text with illustrations by Martin Tielli . Narration on the album is by Bidini 's wife , Janet Morassutti .   A different version of `` Song of the Garden '' was recorded for the band 's 2001 album Night of the Shooting Stars .   Guest musicians on the album include Sarah Harmer , Kurt Swinghammer , Mia Sheard and Kevin Hearn . It is also the only Rheostatics album which includes a songwriting credit for Don Kerr , the band 's drummer from 1995 to 2001 .

neg: Theatre and Performance Research Association The Theatre and Performance Research Association , or TaPRA for short , is an academic organisation focusing on theatre , drama and performance . It was founded in 2005 . Academics from drama and theatre departments at Kent , Leeds , Royal Holloway , Warwick , QMUL , Birmingham , Manchester , Nottingham Trent , Bristol , Central School of Speech and Drama , Lancaster , Sheffield , Roehampton , Glasgow , Exeter and Trinity College , Dublin formed the initial steering group .   TaPRA describes its aim as `` to foster research that :   enables links between practitioners and scholars within performance disciplines and across cognate fields ;  liaises with specialist organisations and groupings ;  encourages early career research in theatre and performance . ''   Membership is largely British and Irish , although international members are welcomed , regularly contributing at conferences and symposia . Individual academics pay an annual fee to become members .

neg: Aira no Kagaku CD , is a compilation album by the Japanese electronica artist Mitsuki Aira . It was released June 18 , 2009 .   The CD contains two tracks that feature the thereminvox played by Masami Takeuchi , `` Science Music '' and `` Senjō no Merry Christmas '' . The '' -1 track '' versions of these songs do not include the theremin .   `` Mike Alway 's Diary '' is a cover of the song by Kahimi Karie .

neg: Radio City Freedom Awards Radio City Freedom Awards ( RCFA ) are a set of awards presented annually to recognize and honor independent music across genres like Hip-Hop , Folk Fusion , Pop , Rock , Metal and Electronica . It is an open competition that is not restricted to any specific language or region . Its aim is to promote fresh talent and encourage diverse music genres across the globe . The first Radio City Freedom Awards was held on the 30th of May 2013 . The jury for the awards consisted of Atul Churamani , MIDIval Punditz , Luke Kenny , Yotam Agam & Nandini Srikar .


query: The New York Times is German.

pos: The New York Times The New York Times ( sometimes abbreviated NYT and The Times ) is an American daily newspaper , founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18 , 1851 , by The New York Times Company . The New York Times has won 122 Pulitzer Prizes , more than any other newspaper .   The paper 's print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation , behind The Wall Street Journal , and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the United States . The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation . Following industry trends , its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million .   Nicknamed `` The Gray Lady '' , The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a national `` newspaper of record '' . It has been owned by the Ochs-Sulzberger family since 1896 ; Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. , the publisher of the Times and the chairman of the New York Times Company , is the fourth generation of the family to helm the paper . The New York Times international version , formerly the International Herald Tribune , is now called the New York Times International Edition .   The paper 's motto , `` All the News That 's Fit to Print '' , appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page . Since the mid-1970s , The New York Times has greatly expanded its layout and organization , adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news , editorials , sports , and features . Since 2008 , The New York Times has been organized into the following sections : News , Editorials/Opinions-Columns/Op-Ed , New York ( metropolitan ) , Business , Sports of The Times , Arts , Science , Styles , Home , Travel , and other features .   On Sunday , The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review ( formerly the Week in Review ) , The New York Times Book Review , The New York Times Magazine and T : The New York Times Style Magazine ( T is published 13 times a year ) . The New York Times stayed with the broadsheet full page set-up ( as some others have changed into a tabloid lay-out ) and an eight-column format for several years , after most papers switched to six , and was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography , especially on the front page .

neg: Times Publishing Company Times Publishing Company is a newspaper and magazine publisher . Its flagship publication is the Tampa Bay Times ( formerly the St. Petersburg Times ) , a daily newspaper serving the Tampa Bay area . It also publishes the business magazine Florida Trend and the daily newspaper tbt * .   Times Publishing Company is based in St. Petersburg , Florida , and is owned by the Poynter Institute , a nonprofit journalism school in St. Petersburg . The current chairman and CEO of Times Publishing Company is Paul Tash , who also serves as editor of the Tampa Bay Times .   On January 1 , 2012 , the St. Petersburg Times was renamed the Tampa Bay Times , with tbt * ( which was an acronym for `` Tampa Bay Times '' ) only referred to by that name .

neg: The New World (newspaper) The New World was a weekly newspaper in New York City , New York , in the United States.The New World was published from October 1839 to 1845 by J. Winchester . The paper was founded and edited by Park Benjamin Sr. . It billed itself as an apolitical `` family newspaper '' , featuring British and American literature and religious discourses . The paper 's masthead reads : `` No pent-up Utica contracts our powers ; The whole unbounded Continent is ours ! , '' a quote originally attributed to Jonathan M. Sewall from his epilogue to Cato , a Tragedy in 1778 .   Notable contributions include :  Charles Dickens ' Barnaby Rudge , reprinted in 1841 in weekly installments after its original appearance in Master Humphrey 's Clock .  Thomas Carlyle 's six-part lecture series On Heroes , Hero-Worship , and The Heroic in History , printed in 1841 .  Thomas Moore 's `` Fifteen Songs , '' a collection of unpublished songs published in 1841 , which were later released in The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore .  Anna Cora Mowatt 's complete play , Gulzara or The Persian Slave : 1 drama in Five Acts , in 1841 .  E.P. Hurlbut 's `` The Rights of Woman , '' later published in his work , Essays on Human Rights and their Political Gauranties in 1845 . Hurlbut knew Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 follows many of the examples set forth in `` The Rights of Woman . ''  G.P.R. James ' complete novels , The Jacquerie and Morley Ernstein ; or , The Tenants of the Heart , both published in extra editions in 1842 .  Sarah Stickney Ellis ' complete novel , Summer and Winter in the Pyrenees .

neg: Tages-Anzeiger Tages-Anzeiger , also abbreviated Tagi or TA , is a Swiss German-language national daily newspaper published in Zurich , Switzerland .

neg: Norwegian of the Year (Ny Tid) Norwegian of the Year ( Årets nordmann ) is a distinction awarded by the leftist news magazine Ny Tid ( lit . ` New Age ' ) . Established in 2007 , the prize has been awarded to several persons , including Norwegian citizens of foreign origin and a German citizen living in Norway .

neg: Stuttgarter Zeitung The Stuttgarter Zeitung ( `` Stuttgart newspaper '' ) is a German-language daily newspaper ( except Sundays ) edited in Stuttgart , Baden-Württemberg , Germany , with a run of about 200,000 sold copies daily .

neg: Die Presse Die Presse is a German language daily broadsheet newspaper based in Vienna , Austria .

neg: Kleine Schriften Kleine Schriften is a German phrase ( `` short writings '' or `` minor works '' ; Opuscula ) often used as a title for a collection of articles and essays written by a single scholar over the course of a career . `` Collected Papers '' is an English equivalent . These shorter works were usually published previously in various periodicals or in collections of papers ( such as a Festschrift ) written by multiple scholars . A scholar 's Kleine Schriften may be contained in a single volume , or several volumes published at once or ( more commonly ) in series within a period of a few years . Multi-volume collections may contain a scholar 's minor or lesser-known book-length works as well .   The title is usually reserved for the collected works of a scholar who wrote primarily in German or whose first language was German . The collection of a scholar who worked or taught internationally will often contain essays in more than one language ; the multi-volume Kleine Schriften of Walter Burkert , for instance , includes work in German , English , and French . In the case of expatriates , articles in the host language may outnumber those in German . This is particularly true of German philologists who emigrated in the 1930s , many of whom published much of their research in English or French ; Friedrich Solmsen 's three-volume Kleine Schriften , in which English articles outnumber German , is an example .   Kleine Schriften may also appear as an explanatory subtitle ; for example , Gotica : kleine Schriften zur gotischen Philologie , a collection of papers on the extinct Gothic language by Ernst A. Ebbinghaus .

neg: The New York Times Best Seller list The New York Times Best Seller list is widely considered the preeminent list of best-selling books in the United States . Published weekly in The New York Times Book Review , the best-seller list has been published in the Times since October 12 , 1931 . In recent years it has evolved into multiple lists in different categories , broken down by fiction and non-fiction , hardcover , paperback , and electronic , and different genres .

neg: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ( -LSB- ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁtɐ alɡəˈmaɪnə ˈtsaɪtʊŋ -RSB- , Frankfurt General Newspaper ) , abbreviated FAZ , is a centre-right , liberal-conservative German newspaper , founded in 1949 . It is published daily in Frankfurt am Main . Its Sunday edition is the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung ( FAS ) .   The F.A.Z. runs its own correspondent network . Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor , but cooperatively by five editors . It is the German newspaper with the widest circulation abroad , with its editors claiming to deliver the newspaper to 148 countries every day .

neg: Freies Volk Freies Volk ( ` Free People ' ) was a newspaper published daily from Düsseldorf , West Germany 1949-1956 . Freies Volk was printed at Freier Verlag GmbH , Ackerstrasse 114 .   The first issue of Freies Volk was published on January 3 , 1949 . Freies Volk replaced Die Freiheit , an organ of the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) in Düsseldorf that had been banned in October 1948 , following sharp criticisms against the Allied occupation powers . Freies Volk carried the by-line ` People 's Newspaper for the Rhine-Westphalian Industrial Region ' . On September 1 , 1949 Freies Volk became the central organ of the Communist Party . At the time it had a circulation of 80,000 . Hugo Erlich was named as the editor in chief of Freies Volk .   Publication of Freies Volk was suspended by the Allied occupation authorities in August 1950 , following the article `` Now It 's Tanks and Poison Gas instead of Cigarettes | Bonn as Go-Between in US Arms Trade '' . Publication of the newspaper was resumed in November 1950 . In 1951 Franz Ahrens became the editor in chief of Freies Volk .   In mid-1954 Fritz Bäsel was appointed editor in chief of the newspaper . Soon thereafter he was replaced by Max Schäfer , a key ideologue of the party . Schäfer remained in that post until the party was banned . By 1955 the daily circulation had decreased to 48,000 . After the ban of the Communist Party on August 17 , 1956 , Freies Volk continued publication as an illegal weekly organ of the now underground party . As of 1970 Freies Volk was still being published , albeit irregularly and being edited and printed outside of West Germany .

neg: Die Zeit (Prague) Die Zeit ( ` The Time ' ) was a German language daily newspaper published in Prague , Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938 . The newspaper was the central organ of the Sudeten German Party ( SdP ) . The first issue came out on October 1 , 1935 . Die Zeit took over the role as the central party organ from the weekly Rundschau . Walter Brand was the editor-in-chief of Die Zeit .   The newspaper received funds from Germany . 250,000 Reichmark were transferred for the launch of Die Zeit , followed by a monthly subsidy of 10,000 Reichmarks .   Die Zeit had an illustrated supplement , Zeitspiegel ( ` Mirror of Time ' ) .   As of 1937/1938 SdP re-organized its party press . All small publishing companies were merged in two central publishing companies . On January 1 , 1938 Die Zeit , Zeitspiegel and Rundschau came under the management of the publishing company `` Pressa-Gesellschaft m. b. H. , Herausgabe und Verkauf von Zeitungen und Zeitschriften '' , at Hybernska Street 4 , Prague II . On April 1 , 1938 the weekly Die Zeit am Montag ( ` The Time on Monday ' ) was added to the publications issued by the same company .   The SdP shut down its Prague HQ and Die Zeit on September 14 , 1938 . The suspension of publishing of Die Zeit was supposedly ` temporary ' .   On October 4 , 1938 Die Zeit re-appeared , being published from Dresden , Germany . Once the Reichsgau Sudetenland had been established , Die Zeit became the official NSDAP daily for Sudetenland . The publishing was shifted to Reichenberg . Die Zeit was issued by R.S. Gauverlag Sudetenland G.m.b.H. between 1939-1945 . Publication continued at least until February 1945 .

neg: Literature of East Germany East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990 . The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government . As a result , the literature of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than `` Boy meet Tractor literature '' , but its study is now considered a legitimate field . Because of its language , the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable , if not the most reliable , sources about East Germany .

neg: Judiciary of Germany The judiciary of Germany is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in Germany .   The German legal system is a civil law mostly based on a comprehensive compendium of statutes , as compared to the common law systems . In criminal and administrative law , Germany uses an inquisitorial system where the judges are actively involved in investigating the facts of the case , as compared to an adversarial system where the role of the judge is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecutor or plaintiff and the defendant .   In Germany , the independence of the judiciary is historically older than democracy . The organisation of courts is traditionally strong , and almost all federal and state actions are subject to judicial review .   Judges follow a distinct career path . At the end of their legal education at university , all law students must pass a state examination before they can continue on to an apprenticeship that provides them with broad training in the legal profession over two years . They then must pass a second state examination that qualifies them to practice law . At that point , the individual can choose either to be a lawyer or to enter the judiciary . Judicial candidates start working at courts immediately . However , they are subjected to a probationary period of up to five years before being appointed as judges for life .   The judicial system is established and governed by part IX of the Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ( the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany ) . Article 92 of the Basic Law establishes the courts , and that states that `` the judicial power shall be vested in the judges ; it shall be exercised by the Federal Constitutional Court , by the federal courts provided for in this Basic Law , and by the courts of the Länder . ''

neg: German International School New York The German International School New York ( also known as Deutsche Internationale Schule New York , or ` GIS ' for short ) is a private , bilingual ( German/English ) college preparatory school that enrolls 400 students in grades Pre-K through 12 . The School is located in White Plains , New York , approximately 25 miles north of New York City , and is divided into three schools on the same campus : the Lower School , the Middle School and the Upper School .   Many GIS students are citizens of German-speaking countries . Increasingly , however , the school enrolls a diverse community that includes families from all over the world . Today , more than a third of GIS students are US citizens or reside in the US permanently .   GIS is accredited by the New York State Association of Independent Schools ( NYSAIS ) , the Permanent Conference of the Departments of Education of the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Ständige Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ) , and is a New York non-public Elementary and Secondary School . GIS is a partner school of the German initiative `` Schulen : Partner der Zukunft '' and was awarded the title of `` excellent foreign school '' by the German Bundesverwaltungsamt ( BVA ) in August 2009 and again in November 2014 .

neg: Rheinische Post The Rheinische Post is a major German regional daily newspaper , published since 1946 by the Rheinische Post Verlagsgesellschaft mbH company . With its headquarters in Düsseldorf the paper is especially dominant in the western part of North Rhine-Westphalia .

neg: Free Society of Teutonia The Free Society of Teutonia was one of the earliest National Socialist organizations to appear in America . It was a German American organization that was associated with a strong support for Nazism .   The Society was formed in 1924 by four German immigrants , including Nazi Party members Fritz and Peter Gissibl and their brother Andrew . The organization was originally led by German immigrant and non-citizen Fritz Gissibl , who made his headquarters in Chicago and from there it set about recruiting ethnic Germans who supported German nationalist aims .  The Teutonia Society initially functioned as a club , but soon raised a group of militants based on the SA and , with membership increasing , became vocal critics of Jews , communism and the Treaty of Versailles . Alongside this however it retained a social function , with Teutonia Society meetings frequently ending up in heavy beer drinking sessions .   The group changed its name to the Nationalistic Society of Teutonia in 1926 , at which point Peter Gissibil was advising members to also seek Nazi Party membership . The group gained a strong , if fairly small following , and was able to establish units in Milwaukee , St. Louis , Missouri , Detroit , New York City , Cincinnati and Newark , New Jersey The group 's treasurer was Fritz Gissibil , who was also the main Nazi Party representative in the United States and who regularly collected money for the Nazis through the Society . A `` thank you '' letter from Adolf Hitler to the Society would cause a stir during the Second World War when the Gissibil brothers were brought to trial following an FBI investigation .   The group accepted Hitler as its titular leader and members adopted the Nazi salute , the Society changed its name again in October 1932 to become the Friends of the Hitler Movement .   Under orders of German immigrant and German Nazi Party member Heinz Spanknöbel , the Society was dissolved in March 1933 . In May 1933 , Nazi Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess gave Heinz Spanknöbel authority to form an American Nazi organization . Shortly thereafter , with help from the German consul in New York City , Spanknöbel created the Friends of New Germany by merging two older organizations in the United States , Gau-USA and the Free Society of Teutonia , which were both small groups with only a few hundred members each . The Friends of New Germany in turn formed the basis of the German American Bund in 1936 , the latter name being chosen to emphasise the group 's American credentials after press criticism that the Society was unpatriotic .   One of the leaders of the Teutonia Society was Walter Kappe . Kappe ( b. 1904 ) arrived in the United States in 1925 and worked in a farm implement factory in Kankakee , Illinois . Later he moved to Chicago and began to write for German language newspapers . Kappe was fluent in English and later became the press secretary for the German American Bund . He founded their paper Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter and its predecessor Deutsche Zeitung . In 1936 , when the German American Bund was established , Kappe organized the AV Publishing Company and five other Bund corporations . Fritz Kuhn ousted Kappe from his position in the Bund seeing him as a dangerous rival . In 1937 , Kappe returned to Germany , where he was attached to Abwehr II ( the sabotage branch of German intelligence ) where he obtained a Naval commission with the rank of lieutenant . He was designated by Adolf Hitler to launch a sabotage operation against America shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor . Known as Operation Pastorius , Kappe recruited men for the mission by reviewing records from the Ausland Institute ( German Foreign Institute ) of those who were paid to return to Germany from America . He established a sabotage school on the outskirts of Berlin to train the new recruits . Once the sabotage network was established and transferred to America , Kappe planned to slip into the US with a new identity and direct operations . On June 13 , 1942 , Richard Quirin , George John Dasch , Heinrich Harm Heinck and Ernst Peter Burger landed on a beach near Amagansett , Long Island , New York on a U-boat . A similar group landed on Ponte Vedra Beach , near Jacksonville , Florida on June 17 , 1942 .

neg: List of awards won by The New York Times The New York Times has won many awards . This list is up to date as of February 2017 .

neg: David Streitfeld David Streitfeld is an American journalist . During his tenure as book reporter at the Washington Post , he definitively identified Joe Klein as the `` Anonymous '' author of the 1996 novel Primary Colors , upon which Klein admitted authorship , despite earlier denials .   Streitfeld was book reporter at the Washington Post from 1987 until 1998 , after which he switched beats and covered Silicon Valley and technology for the Post out of San Francisco .   In 2001 , Streitfeld joined the Los Angeles Times as a technology reporter , later switching to covering Enron , housing , and general economics . In July 2006 , the Atlantic magazine named him `` The Bard of the Bubble '' for his LA Times real estate coverage .   In 2007 , Streitfeld joined the New York Times as Chicago business reporter ; he later switched to technology reporting out of San Francisco .   He won a 2012 `` Best in Business '' award from the Society of American Business Editors and Writers for his New York Times stories on fake online reviews . Judges cited `` a really nice job detailing this new review economy and how these reviews are replacing traditional advertising . ''   Streitfeld was one of a team of New York Times reporters who won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting for a series of 10 articles on the business practices of Apple and other technology companies .   In May 2014 , Streitfeld broke the story of Amazon.com 's negotiating tactics with publishing house Hachette , which he continued to cover for multiple months . The reporting on the topic by the New York Times and Streitfeld was the subject of a piece by New York Times Public Editor Margaret Sullivan in October 2014 .   In January 2015 , Melville House published Gabriel Garcia Marquez : The Last Interview , a collection edited by Streitfeld . The introduction details his friendship with Marquez and the circumstances of their talks on two continents .   In August 2015 , Streitfeld and New York Times colleague Jodi Kantor co-authored Inside Amazon : Wrestling Big Ideas in a Bruising Workplace . The 6000-word story generated more than 6600 comments , the largest number of comments on a story in New York Times history . Even the Times story reporting this fact drew over 200 comments .   In December 2015 , Melville House published Philip K. Dick : The Last Interview , edited by Streitfeld . In Maureen Corrigan 's favorable review on NPR 's Fresh Air of three recent volumes in the Last Interview series , she cited Streitfeld 's `` terrific introduction '' to the interviews in Philip K. Dick : The Last Interview .   Streitfeld 's longtime friendship with science fiction author Elizabeth Hand inspired her Nebula Award-winning short story Echo .

neg: Goethe–Schiller Monument (Syracuse) The Goethe -- Schiller Monument in Syracuse , New York incorporates a copper double-statue of the German poets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ( 1749 -- 1832 ) and Friedrich Schiller ( 1759 -- 1805 ) . It was erected by the German-American organizations of Syracuse and Onondaga County , and was unveiled on October 15 , 1911 . Schiller , who is on the reader 's right in the photograph , was called the `` poet of freedom '' in the US , and he had an enormous 19th Century following . The Syracuse monument was the last of 13 monuments to Schiller that were erected in US cities . Goethe was the `` supreme genius of modern German literature '' ; he and Schiller are paired in the statue because they had a friendship `` like no other known to literature or art . '' As Paul Zanker writes , in the statue a `` fatherly Goethe gently lays his hand on the shoulder of the restless Schiller , as if to quiet the overzealous passion for freedom of the younger generation . '' Goethe is holding a laurel wreath in his right hand , and Schiller 's right hand is reaching towards it .   The Goethe -- Schiller Monument in Syracuse was modeled on the 1857 monument in Weimar , Germany . Ernst Rietschel had been commissioned to create a cast bronze double-statue for Weimar , which was exactly copied for the Syracuse and for three earlier US monuments . The Syracuse monument is in Schiller Park , which had been renamed in 1905 , the centennial of Schiller 's death . The statue tops a large black marble pedestal ; it is at the top of a steep slope , and is approached by a formal stairway ( see postcard and photo ) .   The US monuments were costly and took years of fundraising and effort to erect . Their dedications drew large crowds . The 1907 dedication of the Goethe -- Schiller monument in Cleveland , Ohio drew 65,000 attendees . For the dedication in Syracuse , The Syracuse Herald reported that :

neg: Wigwag (magazine) Wigwag was an American magazine published from 1988 until 1991 .   Founded by Alexander `` Lex '' Kaplen , who worked at The New Yorker , Wigwag eschewed celebrity coverage in favor of personal and literary writing . A test issue was put on newsstands in the summer of 1988 , and the magazine formally debuted in October 1989 . The magazine attracted writers such as Peter Matthiessen , Terry McMillan , Garry Wills , Alex Heard , Sousa Jamba and Nancy Franklin , but despite a circulation of 120,000 , and despite being financially successful , ceased publication when the Gulf War broke out in 1991 and the economy entered a recession . It published its last issue in February 1991 . In its brief lifetime it reached a circulation of close to 200,000 and became a brand name signifying family-feeling and an appreciation of the qualities of non-metropolitan America .   The legend of Wigwag 's founding by a group of young exiles from The New Yorker -- an exodus which followed The New Yorker 's acquisition by Conde Nast and Conde Nast 's subsequent dismissal of The New Yorker 's longtime editor William Shawn -- attracted an enormous amount of attention to its launch and early publication . Once launched , it quickly became a success d'estime , and critics often called it the `` Anti-Spy '' -- in reference to the funny , cruel and cynical New York magazine of that name . Many saw the two magazines as rivals for media attention -- neither survived the 1991 recession ( although Spy lingered on in a brief afterlife ) . Contemporary observers thought that the `` parent ship , '' The New Yorker itself , then edited by Robert Gottlieb , also saw itself as threatened by Wigwag during Wigwag 's lifetime . Wigwag proposed a kind of counter-reality to the sophistication which magazines like The New Yorker and Spy aspired to -- offering , instead of The New Yorker 's famed `` Talk of the Town '' section , its own titled opening section , `` Letters from Home . ''   Notable staffers at Wigwag include Nancy Holyoke , who went on ( with the help of Harriet Brown , another Wigwag editor , now an associate professor at the S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications ) to found American Girl magazine at Pleasant Company in Wisconsin , Caroline Fraser , the author of a noted history of the Christian Science Church , and Evan Cornog , now associate dean of the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism . One of the most significant contributors to Wigwag 's identity was its art director , the illustrator and designer Paul Davis . Many have observed that Wigwag 's editorial and design innovations under Kaplen and Davis were later adopted by Tina Brown and implemented at The New Yorker when she became its editor .