query: Life After Death is by a person who raps.

pos: Life After Death Life After Death is the second and final studio album by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , released on March 25 , 1997 , on Bad Boy Records . A double album , it was released posthumously following his death on March 9 , 1997 . It features collaborations with guest artists such as 112 , Jay-Z , Lil ' Kim , Mase , Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , Too $ hort , Angela Winbush , D.M.C. of Run-D.M.C . , R. Kelly , The LOX and Puff Daddy . Life After Death exhibits The Notorious B.I.G. further delving into the mafioso rap subgenre . The album is a sequel to his first album , Ready to Die , and picks up where the last song , `` Suicidal Thoughts '' , ends .   The album was nominated for three Grammy Awards in 1998 including Best Rap Album , Best Rap Solo Performance for its first single `` Hypnotize '' , and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for its second single `` Mo Money Mo Problems '' .   Life After Death has been considered by music writers as one of the seminal mafioso rap albums , along with Raekwon 's Only Built 4 Cuban Linx ... ( 1995 ) and Jay-Z 's Reasonable Doubt ( 1996 ) . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 476 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .

neg: The Mourning After The Mourning After is the third studio album by the American metal band 40 Below Summer . The album was released on October 28 , 2003 via Razor & Tie Records . Two singles were released from the album in `` Self Medicate '' and `` Taxi Cab Confession '' .   During promotion of the album , 40 Below Summer appeared on Headbangers Ball , and the video for `` Self Medicate '' found significant airplay and the song was featured on the soundtrack for the thriller film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre . This video features the group performing the song in a city park as well as various acts of indulgent `` self medication '' by townspeople ( i.e. secretively buying pornography , gorging on food , making out ) . The following year , MTV2 held a fan 's choice poll for the Best Metal Videos of 2004 . The results aired on the December 25 edition of Headbangers Ball with `` Self Medicate '' ranking in at # 18 .   The CD is Content/Copy-Protected with MediaMax Digital Rights Management Software on it .

neg: The Last Poets The Last Poets is the name for several groups of poets and musicians who arose from the late 1960s African-American civil rights movement 's black nationalist movement . The name is taken from a poem by the South African revolutionary poet Keorapetse Kgositsile , who believed he was in the last era of poetry before guns would take over . The original users of that name were the trio of Felipe Luciano , Gylan Kain , and David Nelson .   However , it is the versions of the group led by Jalaluddin Mansur Nuriddin and/or Umar Bin Hassan that have penetrated mass culture to a legendary degree . The Last Poets have been cited as one of the earliest influences on hip-hop music . Critic Jason Ankeny wrote : `` With their politically charged raps , taut rhythms , and dedication to raising African-American consciousness , the Last Poets almost single-handedly laid the groundwork for the emergence of hip-hop . '' The British music magazine NME stated , `` Serious spokesmen like Gil Scott-Heron , The Last Poets , and later Gary Byrd , paved the way for the many socially committed Black -LSB- emcees -RSB- a decade later . ''

neg: Michael Peace Michael Peace ( born December 31 , 1969 ) is an American rapper and one of Christian rap 's first solo artists . Peace was raised in New York City as the second oldest of four children .   Considered the Grandfather of Christian hip hop , he received the `` African-American of Distinction '' award in 1994 for his commitment to urban communities from then New York Governor Mario Cuomo .   Peace is the founder and president of Michael Peace and Associates , a multi-faceted youth , urban affairs , music and general consulting organization . He has developed curriculum for educational at-risk children and is part of a team spearheading the establishing of abstinence education funding for the city of Rochester ( the City-Wide Black Experience History game ) , as well as being an instructor in public schools .   Peace is the Urban Youth Ministries Director at Bethel Christian Fellowship Church in Rochester , New York . He earned a B.S. degree in 1981 in Mass Media/Speech Communications from State University of New York at Brockport . In the early 1990s he was a contributing writer to Christian music publication Digital Audio Notebook/Diganote . He was the co-author of an article in 2000 in the Journal of Community Health entitled `` Abstinence Education for Urban Youth . ''   Peace was married to Julia Peace in 1987 , and they have one son , Roberto J.D. Peace . According to `` Tha Holy Hip Hop Database '' , Peace said that God told him `` to minister by faith and not charge a fee . '' Thus , he only made $ 1,000-2 ,500 per concert at the height of his career . `` The couple depended on God to provide for the ministry , and He did . ''   Peace started out in 1985 with several hit albums released by Reunion and Star Song Records in the late 1980s and early 1990s . In 1995 , he stopped touring in order to concentrate on mentoring at-risk youth in his hometown of Rochester .   After a long layoff , Peace made a live recording at Kingdom Bound in Darien Center , New York on August 7 , 2007 . It was his first new recording since 1994 . During the live session , he assembled about two dozen artists to put together the `` world 's biggest freestyle single '' , where rappers each had several seconds to add their own unique lyrical spin to a funky beat .

neg: Black Mafia Life Black Mafia Life is the second studio album by American hip hop group Above the Law.This Album Is What Would Be Considered The Blue Print Sound Similar To Dr Dre 's The Chronic.The Sound What would be later Named as G-Funk by 2pac . Recorded in 1991 into 1992 but was held back due Legal Issues With Epic And Dr. Dre 's Departure from Ruthless Records . It was released on February 2 , 1993 via Ruthless Records . The album peaked at number 6 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and number 37 on the US Billboard 200 . Rolling Stone gave the album 4.5 stars of 5 .   As on the group 's previous works , Livin ' Like Hustlers and Vocally Pimpin ' , this album 's audio production was mostly handled by A.T.L. themselves , but this one excluded any contributions from Lay Law . It featured guest appearances from Kokane , Eazy-E , 2pac , MC Ren , and Digital Underground . Its lead single `` V.S.O.P. '' peaked at number 9 on the Hot Rap Singles and number 97 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks .   Above the Law member Go Mack left the group after release of this album .

neg: After (novel) After is a young adult novel written by Francine Prose . It was first published in 2003 , and the nearby school shooting is reminiscent of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 .   After a school shooting 50 miles away , the new grief and crisis counselor ( Dr. Willner ) attempts to control the students ' lives , using the recent tragedy as an excuse for increasingly restricting their lives . The school gradually is controlled by the grip of the administration , and students who do not comply with the new rules disappear , never to be seen again .   Its plot is reminiscent of Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell .   Similarities include the normalization of propaganda and surveillance with the telescreens in 1984 and the TVs on school buses spouting so called educational content that turns out to be blatantly false . These novels also touch on brainwashing , with the nightly emails sent to parents that convince them to send their children away to reform camps from which they never return .   In contrast , After takes place during the reforms , showing how they were allowed to happen , while 1984 only shows the aftermath and its inevitability . The ending of After also shows the main character ( Tom Bishop ) escaping his town with his friends and family , a much lighter closing than 1984 .   Described in the New York Times Book Review as a `` rich parable '' , this novel questions the line that must be drawn when freedom is more important than safety .

neg: Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) .   Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album .   Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States .   In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold .   Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' .   In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States .   The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States .   The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle .  Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks .  In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan .   The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts .   The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week .  In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States .   In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US .   Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 .   In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 .   In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks  n  His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums .   Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .

neg: Immortal Technique Felipe Andres Coronel ( born February 19 , 1978 ) , better known by the stage name Immortal Technique , is an American hip hop recording artist and activist . Most of his lyrics focus on controversial issues in global politics . His lyrics are largely commentary on issues such as politics , socialism , class struggle , poverty , religion , government , imperialism , economics and institutional racism .   Immortal Technique has aims to retain control over his production , and has stated in his music that record companies , not artists themselves , profit the most from mass production and marketing of music . He claimed in an interview to have sold close to a combined total of 200,000 copies of his first three official releases .

neg: Life After Life (novel) Life After Life is an award-winning 2013 novel by Kate Atkinson . It is the first of two novels about the Todd family . The second , A God in Ruins was published in 2015 .

neg: Chuck D Carlton Douglas Ridenhour ( born August 1 , 1960 ) , known professionally as Chuck D , is an American rapper , author , and producer . As the leader of the rap group Public Enemy , he helped create politically and socially conscious hip hop music in the mid-1980s . About.com ranked him at No. 9 on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time , while The Source ranked him at No. 12 on their list of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Lyricists of All Time .

neg: The D.O.C. Tracy Lynn Curry ( born June 10 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name The D.O.C. , is an American rapper from Dallas . In addition to a solo career , he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A , where he co-wrote many of their releases as well as Eazy-E 's solo debut album Eazy-Duz-It . He has also worked with Dr. Dre , who is one of the founding members of N.W.A and produced two of his solo albums .   After Fila Fresh Crew split up in 1987 , The D.O.C. went on to pursue a successful solo career . In 1989 , he released his debut album , No One Can Do It Better , which reached number-one on the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks and spawned two number one hits on the Hot Rap Songs chart : `` It 's Funky Enough '' and `` The D.O.C. & The Doctor '' . The album went platinum five years after its release . In late 1989 , months after the release of No One Can Do It Better , The D.O.C. almost died when a car accident resulted in the crushing of his larynx , permanently changing his voice . Since his recovery , he has released two more albums , Helter Skelter in 1996 and Deuce in 2003 . Since 2006 , The D.O.C. has been working on new material for his fourth album Voices .

neg: Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases .   At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more .   Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . ''   So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) .   Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog .   Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' .   Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark .   The Music of Life catalog includes songs from :   M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1  Thrashpack  She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo )  Daddy Freddy  Asher D  Tenor Fly  Nitty Gritty  Derek B  Hijack  Hardnoise  3 Knights  DJ Daddy  Leslie Lyrics  Norman Cook  Paul Oakenfold  George Clinton  Simon Harris ( label founder )  Einstein  Ambassadors of Funk  Afrika Bambaataa  Demon Boyz  Professor Griff  Clyde Stubblefield  Killa Instinct  S.L. Troopers  First Frontal Assault  Kobalt 60  Overlord X

neg: Death (song) `` Death '' is the second single by English indie rock band White Lies , released by Fiction Records . `` Death '' was initially released on CD and 7-inch vinyl on 22 September 2008 , prior to the release of their debut album , To Lose My Life ... The track was then re-released on 22 June 2009 on multiple formats as the band 's fifth and final single from the album . In the United States , the track was released as part of a four-track extended play titled Death , alongside all United Kingdom-released B-sides .   `` Death '' was the second track written by White Lies , after `` Unfinished Business '' . The 2008 release of `` Death '' contained one B-side , `` Black Song '' , while the 7 '' vinyl was accompanied by various remixes by Crystal Castles and Haunts . The single reached No. 52 on the UK Singles Chart . The 2009 re-release included further remixes by Chase & Status , Mistabishi , L'amour La Morgue and M83 .

neg: Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago .   The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest .   Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .

neg: "Dr. Death" Steve Williams Steven Williams ( May 14 , 1960 -- December 29 , 2009 ) , better known by his ring name `` Dr. Death '' Steve Williams , was an American professional wrestler , author , former collegiate football player , and amateur wrestler at the University of Oklahoma . Dr. Death was a three-time professional wrestling world heavyweight champion , having won the UWF World Heavyweight Championship twice and the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship once . In addition to his singles success , Dr. Death achieved notoriety in Japan in tag team competition , winning the World Tag Team Championship eight times with notable tag team partners Terry Gordy , Gary Albright , Vader , and Johnny Ace . He also achieved great tag team success in North America , winning tag team titles in the Mid-South , World Championship Wrestling , UWF and NWA United States Tag Team Championship as well as winning the World 's Strongest Tag Determination League twice with Gordy and Mike Rotunda .

neg: Życie po śmierci Życie po śmierci ( -LSB- ˈʐɨt͡ɕɛ pɔ ˈɕmjɛrt͡ɕi -RSB- , English : Life After Death ) , stylized as Życie po śmierci ) is an album by Polish hip-hop rapper and producer O.S.T.R. , released on February 26 , 2016 on Asfalt Records . O.S.T.R. said that the main factor that made him record Życie po śmierci was his disease he had had at the beginning of 2015 . He had had to have his lung removed , due to the fact that he had been smoking for most of his life . He also claimed that this album is the most personal project he had ever recorded . The main inspiration for the title of the album was the Notorious B.I.G. 's 1997 project Life After Death . A special website was created to promote the album . On the website O.S.T.R. left a letter written to his fans , when he recalls a story of his disease and informs that Życie po śmierci is going to be a soundtrack for a `` book or rap musical '' .   Życie po śmierci was entirely produced by O.S.T.R. and Dutch duo Killing Skills . The first single `` We krwi ( Since I Saw You ) '' was released on February 1 , 2016 . There was an extra CD entitled Życie po śmierci ( Snap Jazz Edition ) that could be bought only through Asfalt Records ' official website and at the Asfalt Shop in Warsaw . The extra CD consists of jazz remixes produced by Killing Skills themselves and played by various jazz musician .   The album debuted at number 1 on Polish chart and having sold 90 000 copies up to February 8 , 2017 .

neg: GG Allin Kevin Michael `` GG '' Allin ( born Jesus Christ Allin ; August 29 , 1956 -- June 28 , 1993 ) was an American singer , songwriter and record producer , who performed and recorded with many groups during his career . GG Allin was best known for his outlandish live performances , which often featured transgressive acts , including coprophagia , self-mutilation , and attacking audience members , for which he was arrested and imprisoned on multiple occasions . AllMusic and G4TV 's That 's Tough have called him `` the most spectacular degenerate in rock & roll history '' and the `` toughest rock star in the world '' , respectively .   Known more for his notorious stage antics than for his music , he recorded prolifically , not only in the punk rock genre , but also in spoken word , country , and more traditional-style rock . His lyrics , which often expressed themes of misogyny , pedophilia , blasphemy and racism , polarized listeners and created varied opinions of him within the highly politicized punk community . When questioned about his music and shows , Allin often replied that he was trying to make rock music `` dangerous '' again .   Allin 's music was often poorly recorded and produced , given limited distribution , and was met with mostly negative reviews from critics , although he maintained a cult following throughout and after his career . Allin promised for several years that he would commit suicide on stage during one of his concerts , but died off-stage of an accidental heroin overdose .

neg: Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution .   `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .

neg: Esham Rashaam Smith ( born 1972 or 1973 ) , best known by his stage name Esham is an American rapper from Detroit , Michigan known for his hallucinogenic style of hip hop which he refers to as `` acid rap '' . That style of music fuses rock-based beats and lyrics involving subjects such as death , drug use , evil , paranoia and sex .   Esham and his brother James Smith ran the biggest-selling independent hip hop label in Detroit , Michigan throughout the 1990s . Their influence spawned an entire subgenre within hip hop that eventually fueled the careers of Kid Rock , Eminem , D12 , Royce Da 5 ' 9 '' , Tech N9ne , ICP and many more .

neg: Life of the Infamous: The Best of Mobb Deep Life of the Infamous : The Best of Mobb Deep is the greatest hits album from Queensbridge rap duo Mobb Deep . It contains songs dating back to their 1993 debut album , Juvenile Hell , through their 2004 album , Amerikaz Nightmare . No Blood Money songs are on the album since those tracks are owned by Universal Music Group , not Sony Music Entertainment , the label that released this album . The disc includes `` Blood Money '' and `` Go Head '' , two previously unreleased tracks . `` Keep It Thoro '' is the only song featured on a non-Mobb Deep album ( Prodigy 's H.N.I.C. '' ) .


query: Martin Scorsese destroyed the World Cinema Foundation.

pos: Martin Scorsese Martin Charles Scorsese ( -LSB- skɔːrˈsɛsi -RSB- -LSB- skorˈseːze -RSB- ; born November 17 , 1942 ) is an American director , producer , screenwriter , and film historian , whose career spans more than 50 years . Scorsese 's body of work addresses such themes as Sicilian-American identity , Roman Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption , faith , machismo , modern crime , and gang conflict . Many of his films are also known for their depiction of violence and liberal use of profanity .   Part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking , he is widely regarded as one of the most significant and influential filmmakers in cinematic history . In 1990 , he founded The Film Foundation , a nonprofit organization dedicated to film preservation , and in 2007 he founded the World Cinema Foundation . He is a recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award for his contributions to the cinema , and has won an Academy Award , a Palme d'Or , Cannes Film Festival Best Director Award , Silver Lion , Grammy Award , Emmys , Golden Globes , BAFTAs , and DGA Awards .   He has directed works such as the crime film Mean Streets ( 1973 ) , the vigilante-thriller Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) , the biographical sports drama Raging Bull ( 1980 ) , the black comedy The King of Comedy ( 1983 ) , the religious epic drama The Last Temptation of Christ ( 1988 ) , the crime film Goodfellas ( 1990 ) , the psychological thriller Cape Fear ( 1991 ) and the crime film Casino ( 1995 ) , some of which he collaborated on with actor and close friend Robert De Niro . Scorsese has also been noted for his successful collaborations with actor Leonardo DiCaprio , having directed him in five films , beginning with Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) and most recently The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) . Their third film together , The Departed , won Scorsese the Academy Award for Best Director in addition to the film winning the award for Best Picture . Their collaborations have resulted in numerous Academy Award nominations for both as well as them winning several other prestigious awards .   Scorsese 's other film work includes the concert film The Last Waltz ( 1978 ) , the black comedy After Hours ( 1985 ) , the biographical drama The Aviator ( 2004 ) , the psychological thriller Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , the historical adventure drama Hugo ( 2011 ) and the religious epic Silence ( 2016 ) . His work in television includes the pilot episode of the HBO series Boardwalk Empire and Vinyl , the latter of which he also co-created . He won the Academy Award for Best Director for the crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) . With eight Best Director nominations , he is the most nominated living director and is tied with Billy Wilder for the second most nominations overall .

neg: Jean-Luc Godard Jean-Luc Godard ( -LSB- ʒɑ̃lyk ɡɔdaʁ -RSB- ; born 3 December 1930 ) is a French-Swiss film director , screenwriter and film critic . He is often identified with the 1960s French film movement La Nouvelle Vague , or `` New Wave '' .   Like his New Wave contemporaries , Godard criticized mainstream French cinema 's `` Tradition of Quality '' , which `` emphasized craft over innovation , privileged established directors over new directors , and preferred the great works of the past to experimentation . '' As a result of such argument , he and like-minded critics started to make their own films . Many of Godard 's films challenge the conventions of traditional Hollywood in addition to French cinema . He is often considered the most radical French filmmaker of the 1960s and 1970s ; his approach in film conventions , politics and philosophies made him arguably the most influential director of the French New Wave . Along with showing knowledge of film history through homages and references , several of his films expressed his political views ; he was an avid reader of existential and Marxist philosophy .   Since the New Wave , his politics have been much less radical and his recent films are about representation and human conflict from a humanist , and a Marxist perspective .   In a 2002 Sight & Sound poll , Godard ranked third in the critics ' top-ten directors of all time ( which was put together by assembling the directors of the individual films for which the critics voted ) . He is said to have `` created one of the largest bodies of critical analysis of any filmmaker since the mid-twentieth century . '' He and his work have been central to narrative theory and have `` challenged both commercial narrative cinema norms and film criticism 's vocabulary . '' In 2010 , Godard was awarded an Academy Honorary Award , but did not attend the award ceremony .  Godard 's films have inspired many directors including Martin Scorsese , Quentin Tarantino , Brian De Palma , Steven Soderbergh , D. A. Pennebaker , Robert Altman , Jim Jarmusch , Wong Kar-wai , Wim Wenders , Bernardo Bertolucci , and Pier Paolo Pasolini .

neg: List of lost films For this list of lost films , a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived . For films in which any portion of the footage remains ( including trailers ) , see List of incomplete or partially lost films .   Films may go missing for a number of reasons . One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s . This type of film is highly flammable , and there have been several devastating fires , such as the 1937 Fox vault fire , the 1967 MGM vault fire , and the Universal Pictures fire in 1924 . Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions . Films have disappeared when production companies went bankrupt . Occasionally , a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version . Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space .   This is necessarily an incomplete list . Martin Scorsese 's Film Foundation claims that `` half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90 % of films made before 1929 are lost forever . '' Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80 -- 90 % of silent films are gone ; the film archive 's own list contains over 3500 lost films . A study by the Library of Congress states that 75 % of all silent films are now lost . While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high , it is impractical to enumerate any but the more notable and those that can be sourced .

neg: Christopher Tookey Christopher Tookey ( born 9 April 1950 ) is an award-winning English film critic . He has written for both The Sunday Telegraph and the Daily Mail . He has presented the Radio 4 programmes The Film Programme and Back Row . In 2013 , he won the award as `` Arts Reviewer of the Year '' from the London Press Club .   At Oxford University he was president of the Oxford Union , Editor of Isis , President of the Etceteras and Musical Director of Oxford Theatre Group . Tookey was elected chairman of The Critics ' Circle in 1995 , but his bid to become vice-president floundered due to the position he took on the 1996 film Crash . Tookey campaigned for the film to be banned , writing that `` Crash is the point at which even a liberal society should draw the line . '' The Observer film critic Philip French wrote that Tookey 's `` campaigning was thought to be in breach of the Critics ' Circle 's objects of promoting the art of criticism and supporting the advancement of the arts . '' Tookey wrote a series of critical articles for the Mail regarding the film which saw Jonathan Coe of the New Statesman describe him as `` the real architect of the antiCrash campaign '' . Tookey called for readers to boycott the products of distributor Sony , and questioned the suitability to the role of the then director of the British Board of Film Classification . Tookey denied charges that he was in favour of blanket censorship , writing in a letter to The Guardian that he has `` frequently written and spoken against censorship and jumped to the defence of films ( such as Pulp Fiction , Reservoir Dogs and The Life Of Brian ) which struck me as victims of unjust repression in the past . '' He wrote in an article for Prospect magazine that his campaign against Crash was motivated by the fear that `` Cronenberg 's film might well have a `` copycat effect '' on a few unstable individuals '' and could `` also have a far more insidious longterm effect by eroticising sado-masochism and orthopaedic fetishism for people previously unaware of being turned on by acts of mutilation . '' Tookey was also concerned at the precedent set by releasing such a film with an 18 certificate .   In 2000 Tookey directed and co-produced the musical Hard Times , based on the Charles Dickens novel of the same name , which opened to mixed reviews at the Theatre Royal , Haymarket and closed the same year .   Tookey also witnessed a man bleed to death from a stabbing in 1997 , and his reaction troubled him : `` It has brought home to me that I have seen so much violence on screen ( the latest film is Crash ) that I have become desensitised . Talking with the others on the street , I was noticeably less affected by the sight of this guy bleeding to death . After the killing , a number of people had nightmares . Should n't I have ? It was my lack of reaction that was so chilling . ''   In August 2013 the Daily Mail decided to not renew Tookey 's contract which expired on 1 December 2013 .

neg: Martin (1978 film) Martin is a 1978 American horror film written and directed by George A. Romero .   Romero claims that Martin is the favorite of all his films . The film is also notable as the first collaboration between George Romero and special effects artist Tom Savini . While not prosecuted for obscenity , the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic .

neg: 53rd Berlin International Film Festival The 54th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from February 6 -- 16 , 2003 . The festival opened with musical film Chicago by Rob Marshall and closed with Martin Scorsese 's Gangs of New York , both films played out of competition at the festival . The Golden Bear was awarded to British film In This World directed by Michael Winterbottom .   The retrospective dedicated to German film director F. W. Murnau was shown at the festival .

neg: The Process Church of The Final Judgment The Process , or in full , The Process Church of the Final Judgment , commonly known by non-members as the Process Church , was a religious group that flourished in the 1960s and 1970s , founded by the English couple Mary Ann and Robert de Grimston ( originally Mary Ann MacLean and Robert Moor ) . Originally headquartered in London , it had developed as a splinter group from Scientology , so that they were declared `` suppressive persons '' by L. Ron Hubbard in December 1965 . In 1966 , members of the group underwent a social implosion and moved to Xtul on Mexico 's Yucatan peninsula , where they developed `` processean '' theology ( which differs from , and is unrelated to process theology ) . They later established a base of operations in the United States in New Orleans .   They were often viewed as Satanic on the grounds that they worshiped both Christ and Satan . Their belief was that Satan would become reconciled to Christ , and they would come together at the end of the world to judge humanity , Christ to judge and Satan to execute judgment . Vincent Bugliosi , the prosecutor of the Charles Manson family trial , comments in his book Helter Skelter that Manson may have borrowed philosophically from the Process Church , and that representatives of the Church visited him in jail after his arrest . According to one of those representatives , the purpose of the visit was to question Manson about whether he had ever had any contact with Church members or ever received any literature about the Church . The group published an article about Manson and the jail visit in the The Process magazine 's special `` Death '' edition .   In April 1974 , Robert de Grimston was removed by the Council of Masters as Teacher . They renounced The Unity , his exposition of the above-noted doctrines , and most of his other teachings . De Grimston attempted to restart the Process Church several times , but he could never replace his original following . Following de Grimston 's removal , the group underwent a significant change in orientation and renamed itself the Foundation -- Church of the Millennium . Many of the same believers left to follow Gilles Deleuze 's Anti-Oedipal movement . In 1978 , the Foundation was renamed the Foundation Faith of the Millennium and in 1993 the Foundation Faith of God . The organization eventually became Best Friends Animal Sanctuary in Kanab , UT , later renamed Best Friends Animal Society .   A detailed account of the history of and life within the Process Church as told by a participant-observer is contained in William S. Bainbridge 's book Satan 's Power . ( He employed a pseudonym for the name of the group , referring to it as `` The Power '' , and disguised the names of people to preserve their identities , a procedure used for sociological studies of living groups to ensure privacy . )

neg: The Film Foundation The Film Foundation is a US-based non-profit organization dedicated to film preservation and the exhibition of restored and classic cinema . It was founded by director Martin Scorsese and several other leading filmmakers in 1990 . The foundation raises funds and awareness for film preservation projects and creates educational programs about film .

neg: Loose Change Loose Change is a series of films released between 2005 and 2009 that argue in favor of certain conspiracy theories relating to the September 11th attacks . The films were written and directed by Dylan Avery and produced by Korey Rowe , Jason Bermas , and Matthew Brown .   The original 2005 film was edited and re-released as Loose Change : 2nd Edition ( 2006 ) , and then subsequently edited a third time for the 2nd Edition Recut ( 2007 ) . Loose Change : Final Cut , deemed `` the third and final release of this documentary series '' was released on DVD and Web-streaming format on November 11 , 2007 .   Another version of the film , Loose Change 9/11 : An American Coup , released on September 22 , 2009 , is narrated by Daniel Sunjata and distributed by Microcinema International .   Coverage of the film increased in 2006 with the recut release having airings on U.S. and European television stations and over 4 million views online in four months , leading Vanity Fair to say it could be the first internet blockbuster . Loose Change asserts that the usual account of the Pentagon attack , World Trade Center collapse and United 93 phone calls and crash is implausible and instead suggests the 9/11 attacks were a false flag operation . The film 's main claims have been debunked by journalists , independent researchers , and prominent members of the scientific and engineering community .

neg: Sergio Borelli Sergio Borelli ( born 1923 ) started as a journalist in post-WWII Milan , at the socialist newspaper L'Avanti . After being awarded a UNESCO Fellowship that sent him to London to learn at the local newspapers and then to the BBC Foreign Dept. he came back to Milan . At that time his major interests were the two great revolutions : Soviet Socialism and China 's Communism . He was offered the position of Moscow correspondent for Il Giorno ; he was the first Italian correspondent there from an independent newspaper . Back to Italy three years later , he continued working as foreign correspondent and , among other things , covered the Algerian War , the first commercial round-the-world flight , Khrushchev 's memorable 1959 trip to the U.S. , and the 1965 U.S. invasion of Santo Domingo .   In 1962 , Borelli was awarded The Premiolino , the oldest and most prestigious Italian journalism award . It is made annually to six journalists from print media and television for their career achievements and their contributions to the freedom of the press .   In 1965 , he left the newspapers for television , where he developed documentaries and reportage for the News Department of RAI , the Italian State 's TV network . He experimented with different TV formats in collaboration at RAI . In 1966 , Borelli made `` Il Festival de Dakar '' , a 50-minute documentary of Premier Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres ( FESMAN ) or World Festival of Black Arts , in Dakar , 1966 .   Labeled as politically unreliable for his critical stances , he was removed from the News Department and given a position at Prix Italia , an international TV competition . There , Borelli connected with peers working in European TV stations who , like him , were exploring new formats . In 1973 at the Prix Italia held in Venice , Sergio and a small group of professionals from public television met with Pierre Schaeffer , of INA Institut National de l'Audiovisuel and Director of the Research Department of ORTF , France and founded CIRCOM - International Cooperative for Research and Action on the Field of Communication . Sergio Borelli was the President of CIRCOM from 1983 to 1989 .   In 1977 invited by Howard Klein of the Rockefeller Foundation , Sergio and others - among them James Day of WNET , Russell Connor of the TV Lab at Thirteen/WNET , Fred Barzyk of WGBH-TV , Nam June Paik and Bill Viola - founded INPUT International Public Television Screening Conference .   From 1990 on , retired from RAI , he dedicated himself full time to INPUTinternational public television . Borelli was the International Program Coordinator , but was better known for his informal role of `` agent provocateur '' . He defended the non-competitive nature of the conference and worked hard to promote diversity . Up to his 87th birthday he conducted workshops with filmmakers in Asia and Africa and followed his two greatest passions : traveling and talking to as many people as possible .   `` The House He Built '' documentary film of Sergio Borelli 's life and wunderkammer home in Rome is in production .

neg: Sahara International Film Festival The Sahara International Film Festival , also known as FiSahara , is an annual event which takes place in the Sahrawi refugee camps , at the South West corner of Algeria , near the border with Western Sahara . It is the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp . The first three years the festival was held alternately in the Wilaya of Smara , Wilaya of Ausserd and Wilaya of El Aaiun , but since 2007 the FiSahara had stayed in the Wilaya of Dakhla . The event is backed by the Polisario Front , but largely organised and funded by donors from Spain , the former colonial power in Western Sahara , attracting support from Spanish film celebrities as Penélope Cruz , Javier Bardem and Pedro Almodóvar . This Festival is an initiative to bring film as an entertainment and cultural form to the thousands of Sahrawis whose community has lived for more than thirty years in relative isolation in the Algerian desert , being the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp .  The first festival was in large part organised by Peruvian film director Javier Corcuera .   The festival has the two-fold aim of providing cultural entertainment and educational opportunities to refugees , and of raising awareness of the plight of the Sahrawi people , who have been exiled from their native Western Sahara for more than three decades . Western Sahara , `` Africa 's last colony , '' was given to Morocco and Mauritania by the Spanish when they withdrew in 1976 . The Moroccans subsequently annexed the entire territory in 1979 , in defiance of a ruling from the International Court of Justice . A sixteen-year war ensued between the Moroccans and the native Sahrawi independence movement , the Polisario Front . Under the terms of a 1991 UN ceasefire agreement , a referendum for self-determination was promised , but has been blocked by Morocco . In the meantime an estimated 165,000 refugees continue to live in four large camps in the inhospitable Algerian desert .   Home to around 30,000 refugees , Dakhla is the most remote of the camps , located 175 km away from the nearest city , Tindouf . It has no electricity or paved roads and is dependent on outside supplies of food and water .   Musicians like Fermín Muguruza , Manu Chao , Macaco , Iván Ferreiro , El Chojin or Tomasito had also performed in concerts during the festival .   In 2010 , a twinning agreement was signed between the FiSahara and the San Sebastian Human Rights Film Festival .

neg: Banca Italiana di Sconto The Banca Italiana di Sconto was a leading Italian bank which went bust in 1921 . Amongst those hit by its collapse was the giant film production conglomerate Unione Cinematografica Italiana ( UCI ) , which itself folded a few years later .

neg: Movement Against War and Fascism The Movement Against War and Fascism ( MAWF ) was founded in Australia in 1933 , as an Australian chapter of the World Movement Against War established in 1932 by the Comintern . The international movement was instigated by Willi Münzenberg the German Comintern leader who founded a multitude of front organisations in his quest to spread the word and power of International Communism . The Australian movement set out to attract `` fellow-travellers '' and pacifists , and was relatively independent of the international organisation .   MAWF organised political rallies and protests and issued the magazine War ! What For ? ( February 1934 - May 1936 ) , later World Peace ( June 1936 - June 1939 ) , to expose the development of fascism in Europe in the 1930s - particularly in Germany and Italy , and during the Spanish Civil War - while promoting the cause of Communism . The movement disbanded in 1939 .   The movement instigated the events which led to the attempted exclusion of Egon Kisch from Australia in late 1934 and early 1935 . During the 1936 to 1939 Spanish Civil War , the MAWF played a prominent role in publicising stories from the front and condemned democratic governments for failing to come to the aid of the elected socialist government while fascist governments were supporting the right-wing rebels led by General Francisco Franco .   The organisation continued to criticise democratic governments , including that led by Joseph Lyons in Australia , for anti-free speech and anti-Communist policies , which some historians have argued weakened its otherwise prescient message about the escalating threat posed by fascism and Nazism . Indeed , the main debate between historians with an interest in the MAWF has been a preoccupation about the extent to which it was first and foremost a Communist front organisation .   Australian members included Mary Wren whose communist sympathies ran in stark contrast to her father John Wren 's conservative Catholicism , Hugo Throssell , and federal Labor politician Maurice Blackburn , who was expelled from the ALP in 1937 for his membership of the MAWF . Secretary and editor of the MAWF magazine , James Normington Rawling , was a dominating figure in the organisation 's policies and messages until the organisation folded with the onset of World War in late 1939 . Rawling was expelled from the Communist Party for unorthodox views and became a prominent anti-Communist .

neg: Cine Foundation International Cine Foundation International is London-based non-profit film company and human rights NGO `` aiming to 'em power open consciousness through cinema ' '' . The foundation was formed in December 2010 by American filmmaker Jesse Richards , founder of the Remodernist film movement , South Korean film critic Blue Un Sok Kim and Tobias Morgan , formerly the developer of `` The Garage '' on Mubi .   On 3 January 2011 , CFI announced their launch of a campaign of protest films and public actions calling for the release of imprisoned Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi . `` The campaign will include protest films that speak to human rights issues in Iran and throughout the world , six of which are commissioned feature-length , plus twenty shorts . Participating filmmakers may act anonymously or through pseudonyms since voicing their stories can be dangerous . The films , which will address themes of nation , identity , self , spiritual culture , censorship and imprisonment , will be aimed for public , web and various exhibition media '' . In January 2011 , filmmakers Béla Tarr and Lav Diaz joined the foundation 's Board of Directors , and in February Fred Kelemen joined the Board of Directors .   Also in January 2011 , CFI deployed a video protest mechanism called WHITE MEADOWS ( named for the Mohammad Rasoulof film of the same title ) and developed by Ericson deJesus ( of Yahoo! and frog design ) at the request of the foundation . The video mechanism `` allow ( s ) anyone in the world to record a short video statement about Panahi and Rasoulof . There will be an ESCAPE button at top , allowing quick exit for those in countries where recording a statement would be dangerous . There will be an option to have the screen black , and soon , voice distortion . The video statements will be recorded as mp4s , giving them maximum transmedia capacity , which essentially makes them broadcastable from any device that can show video '' . Users can also use the mechanism to comment on how they would `` like to see as an international response by the film industry '' , comment on the state of human rights in general , or to `` report a human rights abuse to the world '' .   Late in 2011 , CFI launched #OccupyCinema , an ongoing collective project in collaboration with the global Occupy movement . The project encompasses `` public space projections onto buildings or other public surfaces -- broadcasting films , video documents or live feeds , with the intention of decentralising traditional broadcast monopolies and information power structures where these interfere with freedom of speech or otherwise compel human beings to surrender to the agendas of ethically bankrupt regimes . '' On November 1 , #OccupyCinema will launch public displays of films in New York City , Dallas , Kansas , London and Paris , with more to follow over the next week .   Tobias Morgan resigned as Chair in Autumn 2011 , having been commissioned to make a Cine Foundation International feature film dedicated to the Iranian film producer Katayoun Shahabi . Jesse Richards resigned in 2012 , and Blue Un Sok Kim took the Chair .   Category : International human rights organizations  Category : Organisations based in the United Kingdom  Category : Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom  Category : Film organisations in the United Kingdom

neg: Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 .   Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography .   Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups .   Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .

neg: Swiss Film Award The Swiss Film Award ( formerly Swiss Film Prize ) ( Prix du cinéma suisse , Schweizer Filmpreis , Premio del cinema svizzero , Premi dal film svizzer ) is the national film award of Switzerland , first given out in 1998 .   1998 to 2008 : the Prize was given in during the Solothurn Film Festival .  2009 : the nomination night happened in Solothurn during January . Each film nominated received a cash-prize . During the beginning of March , a `` glamour '' ceremony , the first one of its kind , was organised in Lucerne . The prize awarded is a Cristal-like statue , called `` The Quartz '' . 2009 was the last year where the Jury was composed of people from the Swiss state and the Federal Office of Culture .  2010 : Nomination in Solothurn again , during the Solothurn Film Festival during January . Ceremony in Lucerne in March . The prizes have been awarded for the first time by the Swiss Film Academy , created in 2008 . It was the first time that no state intervention occurred .

neg: Cinema 16 Cinema 16 was a New York City-based film society founded by Amos Vogel . From 1947 until 1963 , he and his wife Marcia ran the most successful and influential membership film society in North American history , at its height boasting 7000 members .   Vogel was inspired by Maya Deren 's independent exhibitions . Deren exhibited and presented lectures on her films across the United States , Cuba and Canada . In 1946 , she booked the Provincetown Playhouse in Greenwich Village for a public exhibition titled Three Abandoned Films , which consisted of showings of Meshes of the Afternoon , At Land , and A Study in Choreography for the Camera . Deren took the word `` abandoned '' to refer to Guillaume Apollinaire 's observation that a work of art is never completed , just abandoned . While the title was ironic , the exhibition was successful .   The movies shown at Cinema 16 consisted mostly of the experimental film that began flourishing after World War II , as well as nonfiction films -- not only documentaries , but educational films as well . In that , it differed even from the narrative-oriented art cinemas that appeared in the postwar years . Cinema 16 closed in 1963 , after 17 years in operation .

neg: Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee .   Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 .   When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .

neg: International Freedom Center The International Freedom Center ( IFC ) was a proposed museum to be located adjacent to the site of Ground Zero at the former World Trade Center in New York City , USA . It was selected in 2004 to comprise a `` cultural space '' near to the memorial for victims of the September 11 attacks , called Reflecting Absence .   However , opponents reacted against the IFC 's mission , saying that plans to promote international freedom through exhibits and displays about various genocides and crimes against humanity through history , including genocide of Native American and the slave trade in the United States , were inappropriate at a site that many people consider to be sacred . On September 28 , 2005 , New York Governor George E. Pataki barred the IFC from the World Trade Center site . ''   George Soros , Tom Bernstein , Anthony Romero , and Eric Foner were promoters of the IFC . Within an hour of being barred from the WTC site , the IFC museum declared itself to be out of business , making no effort to find a new location . `` We do not believe there is a viable alternative place for the I.F.C. at the World Trade Center site , '' said the statement from the center 's executives , Tom Bernstein , Peter Kunhardt and Richard Tofel . `` We consider our work , therefore , to have been brought to an end . ''

neg: Heidelberg Appeal The Heidelberg Appeal , authored by Michel Salomon and signed by a large number of scientists , is a statement decrying `` an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress , and impedes economic and social development . '' Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 , the Appeal stated that its signers :   `` share the objectives of the ` Earth Summit ' '' but advised `` the authorities in charge of our planet 's destiny against decisions which are supported by pseudo-scientific arguments or false and non-relevant data . ... The greatest evils which stalk our Earth are ignorance and oppression , and not Science , Technology and Industry . ''   It was carefully worded to be directed generally at underfunded and poorly conducted science , rather than specifically at climate change . This allowed it to be promoted and exploited by a number of different industries by using this in the context of their own pollution defenses . In fact , the Appeal was created and promoted by a group of industry associations with polluting problems ( including chemical , energy , and mining concerns ) : the tobacco industry was involved , but in this case it was not the primary driving force . At that time the tobacco industry was focussed on trying to change the scientific standards for Good Epidemiology Practice ( GEP )   A version of the Heidelberg Appeal was published in the June 1 , 1992 , Wall Street Journal over the signatures of 46 prominent scientists and other intellectuals . It has subsequently been endorsed by some 4,000 scientists , including 72 Nobel Prize winners . The Appeal was for an anthropocentric assessment of the world 's resources and a utilitarian as opposed to abolitionist approach to hazardous substances used or created by technology . It targeted as irrational , by implication , if not explicitly , both a vision of a `` Natural State '' with intrinsic rights to impede the activities of man , and hysterical fears of environmental poisons , disproportionate to the threat and dismissive of their associated benefits .   The Heidelberg Appeal has been enthusiastically embraced by critics of the environmental movement such as S. Fred Singer of the Science and Environmental Policy Project . Conservative think tanks frequently cite the Heidelberg Appeal as proof that scientists reject the theory of global warming as well as a host of other environmental health risks associated with modern science and industry . Its name has subsequently been adopted by the Heidelberg Appeal Nederland Foundation , which was founded in 1993 and disputes health risks related to nitrates in foods and antibiotic-resistant bacteria . The Heidelberg Appeal was promoted in 1993 by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology , a group set up by Michael Salomon `` that was considered important in Philip Morris ' plans to create a group in Europe similar to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition ( TASSC ) '' .   Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal endorse environmental concerns , such as a sentence that states , `` We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of , monitored and preserved . '' Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the `` World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity '' , which was circulated that same year by the Union of Concerned Scientists ( UCS ) and attracted the majority of the world 's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists . In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal , the `` World Scientists ' Warning '' is a very explicit environmental manifesto , stating that `` human beings and the natural world are on a collision course '' and citing ozone depletion , global climate change , air pollution , groundwater depletion , deforestation , overfishing , and species extinction among the trends that threaten to `` so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know . ''   Moreover the Heidelberg Appeal has been , if not specifically misrepresented , at least broadly interpreted out of context , for example , by The National Center for Public Policy which asserts `` The appeal warns industrialized nations that no compelling scientific consensus exists to justify mandatory greenhouse gas emissions cuts . '' Although the Heidelberg Appeal may be open to such an interpretation , it is not what the document said , as the text below shows .   1994 Jun 16 Matt Winokur then sends to a list of PM organisers a note saying :   APCo ( the old spelling of APCO Worldwide ) is completing its evaluation of a Symposium for Europe in the fall . They have forwarded the draft Guiding Scientific Principles ( or GEP ) which would constitute the outcome of such a meeting .   They are on the right track but the language is too vague . ( Tom ) Borelli and ( Richard ) Carchman will review and tighten . Obviously , any output from the symposium must be supportive of GEP . So the bottom line for both the GEP resolution and GEP Symposium must be in synch . Burson ( Marsteller ) has begun its feasibility review based on a more explicit understanding that GEP is what we are interested in promoting .   I gather from Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- that there may have been a misunderstanding as to whether or not Burson was to have proceeded with the review prior to the presentation of a `` joint '' proposal -LSB- APCO and B-M -RSB- . I was aware that Burson began and take responsibility for allowing them to proceed . If you do n't want to pay for it then I will . But the intelligence obtained from their interviews with potential coalition sponsors as well as information about analogous efforts by existing groups , e.g. , Heidelberg , will be critical to the development of a comprehensive Burson/APCo proposal .  -LSB- Note : after a territory battle , Philip Morris had suggested that rivals APCO and B-M present this as a joint proposal -RSB-   The Burson research is necessary now in order to tell us whether it is possible or efficient to try to develop an enduring -LSB- ` Sound Science ' -RSB- coalition following on from the symposium . Possible , in that there may prove to be an insufficient amount of interest in the corporate sector for such a movement . Efficient , in that there may already exist analogous groups which we could use without going to the effort of starting one from scratch .   And we need to be careful not to step on unseen toes . For example , Bruce Ames is part of TASSC and Heidelberg . Do we need/want him on a third group in Europe ?   Thus the benefit in having Burson complete the study now , is that what they learn will be factored into both the content of the symposium AND inform us as to what options are available after the symposium concludes . If we only want a one off event , that 's our decision . But I would think we 'd at least want a mechanism to be able to tap the participants to later on endorse the GEP resolution in the appropriate EU institutions .   The Burson research will also turn up corporate interest in GEP in general which may help us identify allies regardless of whether we do either a symposium or create a coalition . The presentation therefore at the next TF mtg. will be a single proposal for PM prepared jointly by Burson and APCo . And I 've asked Margery -LSB- Krause of APCO -RSB- and Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- to come themselves , as well as any other support staff they may wish to have accompany them .

neg: Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons The destruction of Syria 's chemical weapons began in September 2013 on the basis of several international agreements with Syria that stipulated an initial destruction deadline of 30 June 2014 . United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118 of 27 September 2013 required Syria to assume responsibility for and follow a timeline for the destruction of its chemical weapons and its chemical weapon production facilities . The resolution bound Syria to the implementation plan presented in a decision of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW ) . On 23 June 2014 , the last declared chemical weapons were shipped out of Syria for destruction . The destruction of the most dangerous chemical weapons was performed at sea aboard the Cape Ray , a vessel of the United States Maritime Administration 's Ready Reserve Force , crewed with U.S. civilian merchant mariners . The actual destruction operations , performed by a team of U.S. Army civilians and contractors , destroyed 600 metric tons of chemical agents in 42 days . However , despite these efforts , the use of chemical weapons in Syria have continued to be reported , with the latest being the chemical attack on Khan Shaykhun in April 2017 , which has been alleged to have been perpetrated by the Syrian government .   The chemical weapons agreements arose at a time when the United States and France headed a coalition of countries on the verge of carrying out air strikes on Syria in response to the 21 August 2013 Ghouta chemical-weapon attacks . To avoid a military intervention , the United States , Russia and Syria agreed to the `` Framework for Elimination of Syrian Chemical Weapons '' on 14 September 2013 , which called for the elimination of Syria 's chemical weapon stockpiles by mid-2014 . Syria agreed to accede to the Chemical Weapons Convention and to the destruction of its chemical weapons stockpiles .   The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW ) began preliminary inspections of Syria 's chemical weapons arsenal on 1 October 2013 , and actual destruction began on 6 October . Under OPCW supervision Syrian military personnel began `` destroying munitions such as missile warheads and aerial bombs and disabling mobile and static mixing and filling units . '' The destruction of Syria 's declared chemical weapons production , mixing , and filling equipment was successfully completed by 31 October deadline . The destruction of the chemical weapons fell well behind schedule . The entire chemical weapons stockpile had been scheduled to be completely removed from the country by 6 February 2014 . Only on 23 June 2014 , had Syria finished shipping the remaining declared chemicals . On 18 August 2014 , all of the most toxic chemicals had been destroyed offshore . Western officials such as British Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant have expressed concerns about the completeness of Syria 's disclosures , and believe the OPCW mission should remain in place following the removal of chemical weapons until verification tasks can be completed .   Chlorine , a common industrial chemical , is outside the scope of the disarmament agreement ; however , its use as a poison gas would violate the Chemical Weapons Convention , which Syria joined in 2013 . Various parties , including Western governments , have accused Assad of conducting illegal chlorine attacks in 2014 and 2015 . A late disclosure in 2014 regarding Syria 's ricin program raised doubts about completeness of the government 's declaration of its chemical weapons stockpile , and in early May 2015 , OPCW announced that inspectors had found traces of sarin and VX nerve agent at a military research site in Syria that had not been declared previously by the Assad regime .