query: Beverly Hills, 90210 addressed numerous topical issues such as date rape, gay rights, animal rights, alcoholism, drug abuse, domestic violence, sex, antisemitism, racism, teenage suicide, teenage pregnancy, and AIDS.

pos: Beverly Hills, 90210 Beverly Hills , 90210 is an American drama television series that ran for ten seasons -- originally airing from October 4 , 1990 , to May 17 , 2000 , on Fox , and was produced by Spelling Television in the United States -- and subsequently on numerous networks around the world . It is the first of five television series in the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The show follows the lives of a group of friends living in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California as they make their way through high school to college and into the adult world .   The show was created by Darren Star and executive producers Charles Rosin ( originally ) followed in later seasons by Aaron Spelling , E. Duke Vincent , Paul Waigner , Steve Wasserman , and Jessica Klein . The `` 90210 '' in the title refers to one of the city 's five ZIP codes .   The initial premise of the show was based on the adjustment and culture shock that twins Brandon ( Jason Priestley ) and Brenda Walsh ( Shannen Doherty ) experienced when they and their parents , Jim ( James Eckhouse ) and Cindy ( Carol Potter ) moved from Minneapolis , Minnesota to Beverly Hills . In addition to chronicling the friendships and romantic relationships of the characters , the show also addressed numerous topical issues such as date rape , gay rights , animal rights , alcoholism , drug abuse , domestic violence , sex , antisemitism , racism , teenage suicide , teenage pregnancy , and AIDS . Beverly Hills , 90210 was named one of the Best School Shows of All Time by AOL TV .   After a poor start in the ratings during its first season , the series gained popularity during the summer of 1991 , when Fox aired a special `` summer season '' of the show while most other series were in reruns . The series became one of Fox 's top shows when it began its next season that fall . Viewership increased dramatically and the cast members , particularly Jason Priestley and Luke Perry , became teen idols , while the series would make actresses Shannen Doherty , Jennie Garth and Tori Spelling household names in the US . The show also had many cast changes , with Garth , Spelling , Ian Ziering and Brian Austin Green being the only actors to appear during its entire run .

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons .   The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching .   The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .

neg: Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship The Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship , better known as the Williams Committee , was a 1970s British Home Office committee chaired by Professor Bernard Williams . The task of the committee was to `` review the laws concerning obscenity , indecency and violence in publications , displays and entertainments in England and Wales , except in the field of broadcasting , and to review the arrangements for film censorship in England and Wales '' .   The committee reported in 1979 that : `` Given the amount of explicit sexual material in circulation and the allegations often made about its effects , it is striking that one can find case after case of sex crimes and murder without any hint at all that pornography was present in the background . '' The Committee 's report was evidently influenced by the liberal thinking of John Stuart Mill , a philosopher greatly admired by Williams , and who used Mill 's principle of liberty to develop what he called the `` harm condition , '' whereby `` no conduct should be suppressed by law unless it can be shown to harm someone . ''   Williams concluded that pornography could not be shown to be harmful and that `` the role of pornography in influencing society is not very important ... to think anything else is to get the problem of pornography out of proportion with the many other problems that face our society today . '' The committee reported that , so long as children were protected from seeing it , adults should be free to read and watch pornography as they saw fit .   It found that the existing variety of laws in the field should be scrapped , and that terms such as ` obscene ' , ` indecent ' and ` deprave and corrupt ' should be abandoned as they were no longer useful . The Committee thought existing laws should be replaced with a comprehensive new statute , under which the availability of material would be restricted so that it did not cause offence to reasonable people , and was not accessible to children . The recommended restrictions on availability would not have been confined just to material that involved nudity and/or which was sexually explicit . Restrictions were to apply to : `` matter ( other than the printed word ) and to a performance whose unrestricted availability is offensive to reasonable people by reason of the manner in which it portrays , deals with or relates to violence , cruelty or horror , or sexual , faecal or urinary functions or genital organs . ''   Regarding the definition of pornography the commission stated that , `` a pornographic representation is one that combines two features : it has a certain function or intention , to arouse its audience sexually , and also a certain content , explicit representations of sexual material ( organs , postures , activity , etc ) .   On the difference between ` obscenity ' and ` pornography ' , the committee found that the word ` obscene ' was a subjective term that refers to peoples reaction to material , and that '' it principally expresses an intense or extreme version of what we have called ` offensiveness ' . It may be that it particularly emphasises the most strongly aversive element in that notion , the idea of an object 's being repulsive or disgusting . '' ` Pornography ' however was found to be `` a rather more objective expression referring to a certain kind of writing , picture etc ... Pornography will have some tendency to be obscene , but will not necessarily be so ... a tendency to be offensive is built into it , but it is not universally even offensive ... Still less must it inevitably be very strongly offensive or obscene . ''   On whether art could be obscene , it reported that , `` work ... may be experienced as offensive , and also be experienced as having aesthetic interest , but in the case of which the two experiences do not occur at the same time . These will be works which are found offensive at first , or by a spectator who remains distanced from them , but which lose that character for someone involved in them . It did however recognize that `` it would be unwise to deny that ... there could be works which were , and remained , offensive , indeed intensely offensive or obscene . ''

neg: Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw .   Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood .   The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences .   Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list .   In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .

neg: Women Against Pornography Women Against Pornography ( WAP ) was a radical feminist activist group based out of New York City that had an influential force in the anti-pornography movement of the late 1970s and the 1980s .   WAP was the most well known feminist anti-pornography group out of many that were active throughout the United States and the anglophone world , primarily from the late 1970s through the early 1990s . After previous failed attempts to start a broad feminist anti-pornography group in New York City , WAP was finally established in 1978 . WAP quickly drew widespread support for its anti-pornography campaign , and in late 1979 held a March on Times Square that included over 5000 supporters . Through their march as well as other means of activism , WAP was able to bring in unexpected financial support from the Mayor 's office , theater owners , and other parties with an interest in the gentrification of Times Square .   WAP became known because of their anti-pornography informational tours of sex shops and pornographic theaters held in Times Square . In the 1980s , WAP began to focus more on lobbying and legislative efforts against pornography , particularly in support of civil-rights-oriented antipornography legislation . They were also active in testifying before the Meese Commission and some of their advocacy of a civil-rights based anti-pornography model found its way into the final recommendations of the commission . In the late 1980s , the leadership of WAP changed their focus again , this time more on the issue of international sex trafficking , which led to the founding of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women . In the 1990s WAP became less active and eventually faded out of existence in the mid '90s .   The positions of Women Against Pornography were controversial . Civil liberties advocates opposed WAP and similar groups , holding that the legislative approaches WAP advocated amounted to censorship . Sex-positive feminists held that feminist campaigns against pornography were misdirected and ultimately threatened sexual freedoms and free speech rights in a way that would be detrimental toward women and sexual minorities . In addition to this , WAP faced conflict with sex-positive feminists , particularly in the events surrounding the 1982 Barnard Conference . These events were battles in what became known as the Feminist Sex Wars of the late 1970s and 1980s .

neg: LGBT social movements Lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender , and questioning ( LGBTQ ) social movements are social movements that advocate for the equalized acceptance of LGBT people in society . In these movements , LGBTQ people and their allies have a long history of campaigning for what is now generally called LGBTQ rights , sometimes also called gay rights or gay and lesbian rights . Although there is not a primary or an overarching central organization that represents all LGBT people and their interests , numerous LGBT rights organizations are active worldwide . The earliest organizations to support LGBT rights were formed in the 19th century .   A commonly stated goal among these movements is social equality for LGBT people , but there is still denial of full LGBTQ rights . Some have also focused on building LGBT communities or worked towards liberation for the broader society from biphobia , homophobia , and transphobia . There is a struggle for LGBTQ rights today . LGBT movements organized today are made up of a wide range of political activism and cultural activity , including lobbying , street marches , social groups , media , art , and research .   Overview   Sociologist Mary Bernstein writes : `` For the lesbian and gay movement , then , cultural goals include ( but are not limited to ) challenging dominant constructions of masculinity and femininity , homophobia , and the primacy of the gendered heterosexual nuclear family ( heteronormativity ) . Political goals include changing laws and policies in order to gain new rights , benefits , and protections from harm . '' Bernstein emphasizes that activists seek both types of goals in both the civil and political spheres .   As with other social movements there is also conflict within and between LGBT movements , especially about strategies for change and debates over exactly who comprises the constituency that these movements represent , this also applies to changing education . There is debate over to what extent lesbians , gays , bisexuals , transgender people , intersexed people and others share common interests and a need to work together . Leaders of the lesbian and gay movement of the 1970s , 80s and 90s often attempted to hide masculine lesbians , feminine gay men , transgender people , and bisexuals from the public eye , creating internal divisions within LGBT communities . Roffee and Waling ( 2016 ) discovered that LGBTIQ people experience microaggressions , bullying and anti-social behaviours from other people within the LGBTIQ community . This is due to misconceptions and conflicting views as to what entails `` LGBTIQ '' . For example , transgender people found that other members of the community were not understanding to their own , individual , specific needs and would instead make ignorant assumptions , and this can cause health risks . Additionally , bisexual people found that lesbian or gay people were not understanding or appreciative of the bisexual sexuality . Evidently , even though most of these people would say that they stand for the same values as the majority of the community , there are still remaining inconsistencies even within the LGBTIQ community .   LGBT movements have often adopted a kind of identity politics that sees gay , bisexual and transgender people as a fixed class of people ; a minority group or groups , and this is very common among LGBTQ communities . Those using this approach aspire to liberal political goals of freedom and equal opportunity , and aim to join the political mainstream on the same level as other groups in society . In arguing that sexual orientation and gender identity are innate and can not be consciously changed , attempts to change gay , lesbian and bisexual people into heterosexuals ( `` conversion therapy '' ) are generally opposed by the LGBT community . Such attempts are often based in religious beliefs that perceive gay , lesbian and bisexual activity as immoral .   However , others within LGBT movements have criticised identity politics as limited and flawed , elements of the queer movement have argued that the categories of gay and lesbian are restrictive , and attempted to deconstruct those categories , which are seen to `` reinforce rather than challenge a cultural system that will always mark the nonheterosexual as inferior . ''   After the French Revolution the anticlerical feeling in Catholic countries coupled with the liberalizing effect of the Napoleonic Code made it possible to sweep away sodomy laws . However , in Protestant countries , where the church was less severe , there was no general reaction against statutes that were religious in origin . As a result , many of those countries retained their statutes on sodomy until late in the 20th century .

neg: Social conservatism in the United States Social conservatism in the United States is a political ideology focused on the preservation of traditional values and beliefs , hearkening back to values believed to be present at the American founding . It focuses on a concern with moral and social values which proponents of the ideology see as degraded in modern society by social democracy and liberalism . Social conservatism , while defined differently by many scholars , is often conflated with religious conservatism . Religious conservatives push for a focus on Judeo-Christian traditions as a guiding force for the country on social issues , leading them to be considered social conservatives . Social conservatives are concerned with many social issues such as abortion , sex education , gun control , the equal rights amendment , school prayer , same-sex marriage , and many others . They oppose many of the cultural changes brought on by the culture wars and the sexual revolution . Summarily , this branch of conservatism is concerned with moral and social issues within the United States and uses tradition , strict morals , and religion as solutions for these problems .

neg: Child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation . Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child ( whether by asking or pressuring , or by other means ) , indecent exposure ( of the genitals , female nipples , etc. ) , child grooming , or using a child to produce child pornography .   Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings , including home , school , or work ( in places where child labor is common ) . Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse ; UNICEF has stated that child marriage `` represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls '' . The effects of child sexual abuse can include depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , anxiety , complex post-traumatic stress disorder , propensity to further victimization in adulthood , and physical injury to the child , among other problems . Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest .   The global prevalence of child sexual abuse has been estimated at 19.7 % for females and 7.9 % for males . Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims ; approximately 30 % are relatives of the child , most often brothers , fathers , uncles , or cousins ; around 60 % are other acquaintances , such as `` friends '' of the family , babysitters , or neighbors ; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10 % of child sexual abuse cases . Most child sexual abuse is committed by men ; studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14 % to 40 % of offenses reported against boys and 6 % of offenses reported against girls .   The word pedophile is commonly applied indiscriminately to anyone who sexually abuses a child , but child sexual offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a strong sexual interest in prepubescent children . Under the law , child sexual abuse is often used as an umbrella term describing criminal and civil offenses in which an adult engages in sexual activity with a minor or exploits a minor for the purpose of sexual gratification . The American Psychological Association states that `` children can not consent to sexual activity with adults '' , and condemns any such action by an adult : `` An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act which never can be considered normal or socially acceptable behavior . ''

neg: Psychology of disenfranchisement The Psychology of Disenfranchisement is a theory developed by Rex Briggs while studying minority groups at social research firm Yankelovich Partners . Originally published by Yankelovich Partners , Grant Lukenbill 's book , Untold Millions , applied the theory to help explain marketing opportunities to gays and lesbians . In Brigg 's original research , he observed higher levels of stress , skepticism and self-protection needs among minority groups .   The psychology of disenfranchisement theory suggests that there are three components that drive the psychology of disenfranchisement : alienation , cynicism and perceived victimization . These components interact and intensify each other . Alienation , Briggs argues , may be due to negative perceptions , stereotypes and discrimination condoned and practiced by the dominant culture . The perception of separation from the mainstream culture can create severe stress and can be considered the impetus for the psychology of disenfranchisement . Cynicism is one of the inevitable offshoots of alienation , resulting in the conviction that things will go wrong , that harm is to be expected . It involves a sense that the institutions of society ( from which one is alienated ) are not only remote , but inimical . Victimization is the feeling the develops out of the perception of intentional or unintentional undeserved mistreatment by other individuals , organizations , or institutions . Victimization is a logical outgrowth of feelings of cynicism and alienation from the dominant culture . The perceived victimization legitimizes and justifies the cynicism , and over time this cycle can become entrenched , thereby increasing the feelings of alienation .   The resulting needs include : self-understanding ( recognition of and respect for one 's individuality ) , association ( a sharing of occasions with `` people like me '' ) , security ( emotional , social and psychical ) , independence , stress relief ( self-indulgence , escapism ) .   All the Rage : The Story of Gay Visibility in America cites Briggs ' psychology of disenfranchisement theory as a launching point to discuss how advertising can offer inclusion in its messaging , so as to resonate better .   In 2006 , Steven Andrew Culpepper summarized Dubois 1903 book , Sols of Black Folk as capturing the essence of a double-consciousness , a paradoxical experience of deep psychic atrocity tracing from slavery , `` while the American experience resonates with a hopeful ethos characterized by universality of equality and justice for all . '' Culpepper applies this same psychology of disenfranchisement to women , `` that were severely excluded from its rights and privileges in society that touts equality and justice . ''   A more literal use of the concept , `` psychology of disenfranchisement '' has been applied by Keven Lanning where he examines the consequences to both the person and the community when individuals do not have equal access , or equal voices , at the polls .

neg: List of 1997 This American Life episodes In 1997 , there were 40 new This American Life episodes .   Kitty Felde shows a side of the Yugoslav War Crimes Trials that has n't been discussed anywhere : a portrait of Americans at the International Tribunal . And other stories . 1997-01-03 .  Act I. International Justice .  Act II . Juvenile Justice .  Act III . Everyday Justice ; Apology Hot Line .   Stories about the animalness of animals , the irreducible ways in which they are not human . 1997-01-10 ; This is a repeat of episode 12 which originally aired 1996-01-31 .  Prologue  Act I. Staging the Food Chain in a New York Apartment .  Act II . Animal Court , written by David Sedaris .  Act III . The Moment Humans Stop Being Animals .   Kevin Kelly was in Jerusalem . For reasons too complicated to go into here , he ended up sleeping on the spot where Jesus was supposedly crucified . After Kevin awoke , the thought came into his head : Live as if you 'll die in six months . So he did . He got rid of all his possessions . He visited his parents and brothers and sisters for the last time . That , and other stories of starting life over , including a visit to a courtroom in Los Angeles where people go to change their names . 1997-01-17  Prologue . Sandra , a gang girl , almost died at the age of fourteen .  Act I The Day After Kevin Slept on the Spot Where Jesus was Crucified .  Act II The Day Lawrence Left the AIDS Clinic for the Big Road Trip .  Act III The Day Claudia Asked Her Brother Some Questions .  Act IV The Day Sheryl Got the News .  Act V . The Day Matthew saw Bridgette . On the Edge of the World .   Stories of people who handle dead animals . Do n't worry -- it 's not as gross as it sounds . In fact , not disgusting at all . A story by George Saunders about an animal control man who falls in unrequited love . A woman who studies illuminated manuscripts , whose pages look like paper but are in fact animals . And other stories . 1997-01-24  Act I. I 'm Fernand , I 'm Glad to be Your Stake Tonight .  Act II . The 400lb CEO ; a story by John Saunders .  Act III . Dead Animal Man .  Act IV . Redemption .   Stories about the border between mental health and mental illness . 1997-01-31  Prologue ; Mental Health and Romance .  Act I. Girl Interrupted ; based on Susanna Kaysen 's story .  Act II . Guided by Voices .  Act III . Plague of Tics ; David Sedaris .  Act IV . You Do n't Have to be Crazy to Work Here , But it Would Help . What is like to hold the keys to the asylum , but your grip on them is not too steady .   For Valentine 's Day , stories about our parents falling in love . And troubles with their love . From Hilton Als , Scott Carrier , Julie Showalter , a magazine column called Men My Mother Dated and others . The idea for this show was inspired by Delmore Schwartz 's classic 1937 work of American fiction about his parents ' courtship : In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories . 1997-02-07  Prologue : Ira Glass reads from `` In Dreams Begin Responsibilities . ''  Act I. Men My Mother Dated . Brett Leveridge reads from : `` Men My Mother Dated and Other Mostly True Tales . ''  Act II . Mom , Dad and Bats . Bia Lowe  Act III . It 's Not the Heat . Song : `` I Got a Crush on You '' Jenny Magnus .  Act IV . Hilton Als reads from his book : `` The Women ''  Act V. Scott Carrier : `` Running After Antelope '' ; questions to a daughter .   Stories , tributes , and attempts to understand the Chairman of the Board . 1997-02-21  Prologue . Ira Glass 's observations on performances of the time and about the performer . Writer Rennie Sparks .  Act I : `` The Death of Frank Sinatra '' ; Michael Ventura reads .  Act II : A modest request to all of American television from one Sinatra fan on her knees : `` One Sinatra Fan ... Versus All of Network TV ''  Act III : History lesson for young people : `` History Lesson . ''  Act IV : `` Frank Sinatra Has a Cold . ''  Act V : A restaurant full of cabbies gets choked-up over Frank : `` How Sinatra Affects Us . ''   A few months ago , radio producer Sandy Tolan was supposed to do a documentary about strippers with an aspiring writer -- and stripper -- named Susan . A few days before they were to begin working together , Susan disappeared , presumed dead . 1997-02-28  Prologue : Sarah , A college student in San Francisco ventures in phone sex business and also finds a job she loves dancing naked at the club .  Act 1 : `` Susan '' . Someone whose life comes apart working in the go-go clubs ; Susan Walsh . Sandy Tolan interviews for a documentary .  Act II . `` Striptease '' A guy who prefers pornography than having sex with his girlfriend changes . Therapist Lauren Slater .   Stories of people changing their name -- some to create a new identity , some to con people . Name changes are particularly American stories : they 're the dream of starting over with a clean slate . They 're Ellis Island and 12-step programs , the move westward and self help , Marilyn Monroe and Malcolm X and the Artist Formerly Known as Prince , all rolled up in one . 1997-03-07   Stories about the delivery business and the people in it . UPS men , bike messengers , FedEx dispatchers . Includes a new radio play by David Sedaris , in which we give him one sound effects record and this assignment : His radio play can only use sound effects from this record , and it must use all the sound effects on the disc . 1997-03-14   Stories of small town life : the claustrophia and freedom people feel in small towns , the yearning people feel in small towns . And three teenagers in one of the harshest urban environments explain how the public housing projects are like a small town . 1997-04-04   Stories about people who are not afraid of fire , though perhaps they should be . 1997-04-11   Usually we talk about death as a tragedy , a mystery , a hard-to-comprehend fact of life . But in addition to all that , for all sorts of people it 's also ... a job . Stories of undertakers , homicide detectives , slaughterhouse workers , enunculators , autopsy pathologists , exterminators , and others . Does their contact with death teach them something we should learn ? 1997-04-18   Stories of when things go wrong . Really wrong . When you leave the normal realm of human error , fumble , mishap , and mistake and enter the territory of really huge breakdowns . Fiascos . Things go so awry that normal social order collapses . This week 's show is a philosophical inquiry in the nature of fiascos -- perhaps the first ever . 1997-04-25   Stories of people trying to get rich quick or otherwise make something for nothing . As everyone knows , there 's no such thing as something for nothing . You always pay a price . 1997-05-02   People whose lives are organized around one thing . 1997-05-09   Stories for the start of summer . We want summer to be this wonderful break , but so often it fails to deliver . We hear Ron Carlson 's short story about a summer job delivering tanks of oxygen to the infirm , Scott Carrier takes a river vacation , and more . 1997-05-23   Notes and stories about the Canadians among us . Are they in fact any different from red-blooded Americans ? They claim they 're not . Skeptical Americans put their position to the test . 1997-05-30   Are people having experiences on the Internet they would n't have anywhere else ? Several weeks ago , This American Life invited listeners to help answer that question . 1997-06-06   Could it be more obvious ? Stories in which someone 's dream is someone else 's nightmare . All of us get into these situations with strangers , with the people we love most , with our own parents , with our children . 1997-06-27   A show for July 4th weekend . We begin with perhaps the most moving , poetic inaugural speech in American history , and look at its legacy today . In his second inaugural address , Lincoln wondered aloud why God saw fit to send the slaughter of the Civil War to the United States . His conclusion : that slavery was a kind of original sin for the United States , for both North and South , and all Americans had to do penance for it . 1997-07-04   How many of our parents move to some place -- some dream house -- with some vision of a new life in the new place , and move the family with them , hoping it works out for the kids . Three stories on this theme . 1997-07-18   When you read other people 's mail , you ca n't help but try to fill in between the lines . You try to decipher the stories of the people who wrote the letters . We hear four stories of people who read other people 's mail , and what happens to them once they get caught up in these other lives . 1997-07-25   Stories of people trying to do exactly what the doctors say they ca n't -- or should n't . 1997-08-01   An idiosyncratic first-person travelogue about race relations and tourism from radio producer Rich Robinson and television producer Josh Seftel . Their radio story is about a trip they took to the new South Africa . Rich Robinson is black . Josh Seftel is white . The interracial pair travel through the still mostly-segregated society and have very different opinions about what they see , especially when it comes to some distant relatives of Josh 's in South Africa . 1997-08-08   The darker side of the art world : petty jealousies , competitiveness , failure . And also what 's so great about art. 1997-08-15   What happens when people with one common interest gather in monstrous , fluorescent - lit halls for the weekend ? Sometimes they drive each other crazy , sometimes they fall in love . 1997-08-30   Stories of the kindness of strangers and where it leads . Also , the unkindness of strangers and where that can lead . All of today 's stories take place in the city most people think of as the least kind city in America : New York . 1997-09-12   The mob as portrayed in movies , and as it is in real life . And its hold over us . 1997-09-19   Can the secular world and the religious world understand each other ? We ask that question while visiting Colorado Springs , Colorado , where Pastor Ted Haggard at the New Life Church has put in place a project to pray in front of the home of every person in the city , systematically , block by block and house by house . He 's also helped organize a 24-hour , 365-day-a-year `` prayer shield '' over the city ; all-night prayer vigils ; and more . 1997-09-26   How bad is bad enough to count ? To go to hell ? 1997-10-03   People stuck in the wrong decade -- or simply carrying a lot of the props from another decade . 1997-10-10   Stories of people engaged in a battle with nature -- a battle they do n't stand much chance of winning . Most of the show is Scott Carrier 's story of trying for twelve years to chase down and catch an antelope by foot . 1997-10-17   Americans who love their guns ... and the Americans who love them . 1997-10-24   Stories of people who are haunted , not by ghosts or phantoms , but by other people . 1997-10-31   Stories of outsiders who want to be insiders , and vice versa . 1997-11-14   A parable of politics and race in America . The story of Chicago 's first black mayor , Harold Washington , told two decades after his death . Washington died on November 25 , 1987 . 1997-11-21   Humans have turned chicken and turkey into what we want them to be . Which means that chickens and turkeys are a mirror of ourselves . 1997-12-05   Three stories of how to get money from strangers . In every story , the money is made by people who make the strangers feel good about themselves and about their nation . 1997-12-12   Stories from David Sedaris 's book of Christmas stories , Holidays on Ice , read onstage by David , Julia Sweeney and actor Matt Malloy . 1997-12-19

neg: Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . )   Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series .   Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .

neg: Adolescent medicine Adolescent medicine or hebiatrics is a medical subspecialty that focuses on care of patients who are in the adolescent period of development , generally ranging from the last years of elementary school until graduation from high school ( some doctors in this subspecialty treat young adults attending college at area clinics , in the subfield of college health ) . Patients have generally entered puberty , which typically begins between the ages of 11 and 13 for boys .   In developed nations , the period of adolescence is extended both by an earlier start , as onset of puberty is beginning earlier , and a later end , requiring more years of education or training before economic independence from parents .   Issues with a high prevalence during adolescence are frequently addressed by providers . These include :  Sexually transmitted disease ( working with specialists in pediatric endocrinology , adolescent obstetrics and gynecology , immunology infectious diseases , and urology and reproductive medicine )  Unintended pregnancy ( working with specialists in adolescent obstetrics and gynecology , especially in neonatology and maternal-fetal medicine ; many -- though not all -- are medically risky or high-risk cases or to those with psychosocial , environmental , and socioeconomic challenges )  Birth control ( there is currently a drive in the United States federal government 's health care policymaking to ensure access to any and all prescription or non-prescription contraceptive methods to adolescent minors who request them , especially if they are over a certain age )  Sexual activity ( such as masturbation , sexual intercourse and sexual abuse )  Substance abuse  Menstrual disorders ( such as amenorrhea , dysmenorrhea and dysfunctional uterine bleeding )  Acne ( working with specialists in dermatology who treat adolescents )  Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa ( working with nutritionists and dieticians , and also specialists in pediatric mental health counseling , clinical psychology , and pediatric psychiatry , who work with adolescents )  Certain mental illnesses ( especially personality disorders , anxiety disorders , major depression and suicide , bipolar disorder , and certain types of schizophrenia ; in concert with mental health counselors , clinical psychologists , and pediatric psychiatrists specializing in adolescent health care )  Delayed or precocious puberty ( often working with specialists in adolescent pediatric endocrinology , urology , and andrology )

neg: REAL Women of Canada REAL Women of Canada ( Vraies Femmes du Canada in French ) is a socially conservative advocacy group in Canada . The organization was founded in 1983 .   REAL stands for `` Realistic , Equal , Active , for Life '' . The group believes that the nuclear family is the most important unit in Canadian society , and that the fragmentation of the Canadian family is a primary cause of social disorder . It lobbies the Government of Canada in favour of legislation to promote what it believes to be the Judeo-Christian model of family life , and to support homemaking . It is also opposed to feminism , abortion and LGBT rights ( and same-sex marriage in Canada as well ) .   The group has intervened in Supreme Court of Canada cases such as R. v. Morgentaler ( 1993 ) and M. v. H. ( 1999 ) . In R. v. Sullivan ( 1991 ) it argued that a fetus is a person .   Its objectives are , according to its website :   To reaffirm that the family is society 's most important unit , since the nurturing of its members is best accomplished in the family setting .  To promote the equality , advancement and well being of women , recognizing them as interdependent members of society , whether in the family , workplace or community .  To promote , secure and defend legislation which upholds what it considers the Judeo-Christian understanding of marriage and family life .  To support government and social policies that make homemaking possible for women who , out of necessity , would otherwise have to take employment outside the home .  To support the right to life of all innocent individuals from conception to natural death .   Part of their economic policies to help meet their objectives are increased tax relief for single-income families , families with children , and individuals with children .   REAL Women is similar in political and social outlook to Phyllis Schlafly 's Eagle Forum and to Concerned Women for America in the United States .   The organization has also heavily criticized individuals who have spoken out against Uganda 's criminalization of homosexual relations . On August 7 , 2013 , the group issued a statement criticizing Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird for speaking out on LGBT human rights issues in both Uganda and Russia as part of Canada 's foreign policy .

neg: Survive AIDS Survive AIDS is the group formerly known as ACT UP/Golden Gate . In 1990 , the ACT UP chapter in San Francisco split into two chapters , the San Francisco chapter and the Golden Gate chapter . The catalyst for this was over decision-making processes , although it also involved many larger issues . According to ACT UP/Golden Gate , `` ACT UP Golden Gate concentrated on issues involving treatment and treatment access while ACT UP San Francisco focused on broader social issues involving public policy and politics . Over the next several years the two ACT UP chapters worked separately and together on local and national AIDS issues . '' But in 1994 , the two organizations stopped working together , and they grew further apart .   The AIDS Survival project writes , `` By the late '90s , ACT UP San Francisco developed a very different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment and began to align itself with groups that believe HIV does not cause AIDS and that it is the use of anti-HIV medications which make people get sick and die . ACT UP San Francisco members are now called ` AIDS dissidents ' because of views like these : antiretroviral drugs are harmful ; safer sex is unnecessary ; animal testing of medical therapies is unethical ; HIV is not the cause of AIDS . ''   In 2000 , ACT UP/Golden Gate changed its name to Survive AIDS , to disavow any connection with ACT UP San Francisco . In their March 21 , 2000 statement , they wrote : `` Over time ACT UP San Francisco became controlled by individuals who had a different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment . This in itself was not a problem . The problem was that any one who disagreed with them on this one issue was shouted down , intimidated and driven out of the group . Long term members , seeing the original ACT UP mission and philosophy destroyed , were forced out of the group in disgust . The statement read , in part , `` This new ACT UP San Francisco chapter harassed and stalked members of the AIDS community who disagreed with them about AIDS treatment strategy , first locally , then at national AIDS events . As time went on their tactics became more violent , culminating in physical assaults , which runs counter to the ACT UP philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience . ''

neg: Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic .   Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .

neg: The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies .   The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .

neg: Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew , later called simply Rehab with Dr. Drew , is a reality television show that aired on the cable network VH1 in which many of the episodes chronicle a group of well-known people as they are treated for alcohol and drug addiction by Dr. Drew Pinsky and his staff at the Pasadena Recovery Center in Pasadena , California . The first five seasons of the series , on which Pinsky also serves as executive producer , cast celebrities struggling with addiction , with the first season premiering on January 10 , 2008 , and the fifth airing in 2011 .   The sixth season , which filmed in early 2012 , featured non-celebrities as treatment subjects , and the series name shortened to Rehab with Dr. Drew . Season 6 premiered on September 16 , 2012 . In May 2013 , Pinsky announced that season six was the final season , explaining that he was tired of the criticism leveled at him after celebrities he treated had relapsed into addiction and died .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: List of 1998 This American Life episodes In 1998 , there were 31 new This American Life episodes .   Numbers lie . Numbers cover over complicated feelings and ambiguous situations . In this week 's show , stories of people trying to use numbers to describe things that should not be quantified . 1998-01-02   Stories about people who are destined to fight : brothers and sisters . 1998-01-09   Stories of who we are on the phone , of things we learn on the phone , and of things that happen on the phone that do n't happen anywhere else . 1998-01-16   Stories of people trying to escape the box of their own lives , and create new lives . 1998-01-30   Stories about those moments when someone tries to tell you a little bit more about themselves than you 'd really rather know . 1998-02-07   Stories about couples that all take place decades after that moment their eyes first meet . 1998-02-14   What happens during a `` how-to , '' and what our how-to 's say about us . Most how-to 's promise that you 'll not only learn skills , you 'll be transformed . 1998-02-27   How should we react to people who are in non-monogamous relationships ? What should we think of these struggles with monogamy ? 1998-03-07   People who left their private lives and were seized by some huge historical moment . 1998-03-13   An assault on the idea of wackiness . And then , an appreciation of wackiness , and an analysis of wackiness in American culture . Thirteen ways to describe wackiness . 1998-03-20   Stories about what it means to be a person who throws the first punch ... and how hard it is to give up . 1998-03-27   Variations on what it means to be a girl and what it means to be a woman . 1998-04-10   For the 100th episode of This American Life , a radio show about the pleasures of radio . About what makes radio so great ... and what makes it so terrible . 1998-04-24   During this hour , a special edition of our show : stories about Niagara Falls , half of them from documentary producer Alix Spiegel , who went to the Falls and interviewed people living there ; and half from playwright David Kodeski , who grew up in the town of Niagara Falls . 1998-05-01   With all the American movies and songs and books about the joy of the open road , it 's hard for an American to take just a normal road trip without huge expectations . 1998-05-15   An NPR reporter leaves her three-year-old son and heads to Omaha -- for cancer treatment -- a last chance to save her life . After years of covering stories about medicine , Rebecca Perl enters the hospital as a patient . She moves from the world of healthy people into the world of sick ones . What she sees and what she learns . 1998-05-29   What 's frustrating about music lessons , what 's miraculous about them , and what they actually teach us . This show was recorded in front of a live audience at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco , with help from KQED-FM , during the '98 Public Radio Conference in San Francisco . 1998-06-05   Two stories of people who try to cross the color line -- and why it 's still so hard . We hear the story of a failed interracial marriage and the story of a teenager from a poor inner city neighborhood ( Cedric Jennings , pictured ) who ends up at an Ivy League University -- and how he barely survives there . 1998-06-12   For this Father 's Day , stories in which fathers and their kids sit down and try to have an honest moment together . And stories about fathers who are n't close with their kids . 1998-06-19   For the July 4th holiday weekend , writer Sarah Vowell and her twin sister re-trace the `` Trail of Tears '' -- the route their Cherokee ancestors took when expelled from their own land by President Andrew Jackson . 1998-07-03   Two stories of children lying to themselves and others . A woman who 'd been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis talks about the lies she told herself as a child . And Dan Gediman tells the story of how he was cast in the public TV show Zoom , which aired from 1972 to 1979 , at the age of ten . Then he was cut from the cast before the show ever went on the air . So for years , he lied about it . He let friends believe he was on Zoom . 1998-08-07   Stories of summer camp . People who love camp say that non-camp people simply do n't understand what 's so amazing about camp . In this program , we attempt to bridge the gap of misunderstanding between camp people and non-camp people . 1998-08-28   Five ways of mapping the world . One story about people who make maps the traditional way -- by drawing things we can see . And other stories about people who map the world using smell , sound , touch , and taste . The world redrawn by the five senses . 1998-09-04   Two brothers set out with a friend to cross America on horseback . They take a tape recorder with them to make a kind of audio journal of their trip . What they find , who they meet , and what they learn in this experiment in 19th-century travel . Plus other stories . 1998-09-11   Germs , and how they make us leave the world of rational thinking . 1998-10-02   What happens when you suddenly strike it rich . And the power money has over our lives , for good and bad . 1998-10-16   Stories of people 's last words before death . Their one last shot at figuring things out , summing things up . One last moment of asserting the fact of our existence , at the moment of our annihilation . 1998-10-23   Stories of the first day on the job , the first day in a relationship , the first day in school . On the first day , any first day , we 're expected to live by the rules and customs of the culture we 're entering , but we do n't know those rules and customs just yet . 1998-11-13   For Thanksgiving , the time of year when poultry consumption is highest , it 's our annual program about turkeys , chickens , and fowl of all types . 1998-11-27   The family table is stage on which many family dramas are played out . We hear three stories ... of three families ... at three meals . 1998-12-11   Stories about seeing and being seen . Taped before a live audience in Town Hall in New York City in December 1998 , this was a co-production with WNYC New York , featuring live music by the pop band They Might Be Giants and the This American Life Orchestra . 1998-12-18

neg: Journalism ethics and standards Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by journalists . Historically and currently , this subset of media ethics is widely known to journalists as their professional `` code of ethics '' or the `` canons of journalism '' . The basic codes and canons commonly appear in statements drafted by both professional journalism associations and individual print , broadcast , and online news organizations .   While various existing codes have some differences , most share common elements including the principles of -- truthfulness , accuracy , objectivity , impartiality , fairness and public accountability -- as these apply to the acquisition of newsworthy information and its subsequent dissemination to the public .   Like many broader ethical systems , journalism ethics include the principle of `` limitation of harm . '' This often involves the withholding of certain details from reports such as the names of minor children , crime victims ' names or information not materially related to particular news reports release of which might , for example , harm someone 's reputation .   Some journalistic codes of ethics , notably the European ones , also include a concern with discriminatory references in news based on race , religion , sexual orientation , and physical or mental disabilities . The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved in 1993 Resolution 1003 on the Ethics of Journalism which recommends journalists to respect the presumption of innocence , in particular in cases that are still sub judice .

neg: L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 .   Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff .   In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles .   The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .


query: Frank Sinatra was a singer and was successful.

pos: Frank Sinatra Francis Albert Sinatra ( -LSB- sᵻˈnɑːtrə -RSB- -LSB- siˈnaːtra -RSB- ; December 12 , 1915 -- May 14 , 1998 ) was an American singer , actor , and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century . He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 150 million records worldwide . Born in Hoboken , New Jersey , to Italian immigrants , Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey . Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 , becoming the idol of the `` bobby soxers '' . He released his debut album , The Voice of Frank Sinatra , in 1946 . Sinatra 's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s , and he turned to Las Vegas , where he became one of its best known performers as part of the Rat Pack . His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity , with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor . Sinatra released several critically lauded albums , including In the Wee Small Hours ( 1955 ) , Songs for Swingin ' Lovers ! ( 1956 ) , Come Fly with Me ( 1958 ) , Only the Lonely ( 1958 ) and Nice 'n' Easy ( 1960 ) .   Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own record label , Reprise Records , and released a string of successful albums . In 1965 , he recorded the retrospective September of My Years , starred in the Emmy-winning television special Frank Sinatra : A Man and His Music , and released the tracks `` Strangers in the Night '' and `` My Way '' . After releasing Sinatra at the Sands , recorded at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Vegas with frequent collaborator Count Basie in early 1966 , the following year he recorded one of his most famous collaborations with Tom Jobim , the album Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim . It was followed by 1968 's collaboration with Duke Ellington . Sinatra retired for the first time in 1971 , but came out of retirement two years later and recorded several albums and resumed performing at Caesars Palace , and reached success in 1980 with `` New York , New York '' . Using his Las Vegas shows as a home base , he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998 .   Sinatra forged a highly successful career as a film actor . After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity , he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm ( 1955 ) , and received critical acclaim for his performance in The Manchurian Candidate ( 1962 ) . He appeared in various musicals such as On the Town ( 1949 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , High Society ( 1956 ) , and Pal Joey ( 1957 ) , winning another Golden Globe for the latter . Toward the end of his career , he became associated with playing detectives , including the title character in Tony Rome ( 1967 ) . Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1971 . On television , The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950 , and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s . Sinatra was also heavily involved with politics from the mid-1940s , and actively campaigned for presidents such as Harry S. Truman , John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan , though before Kennedy 's death Sinatra 's alleged Mafia connections led to his being snubbed .   While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music , he had an impressive understanding of it , and he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music . A perfectionist , renowned for his dress sense and performing presence , he always insisted on recording live with his band . His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname `` Ol' Blue Eyes '' . Sinatra led a colorful personal life , and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women , such as with his second wife Ava Gardner . He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976 . Sinatra had several violent confrontations , usually with journalists he felt had crossed him , or work bosses with whom he had disagreements . He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983 , was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985 , and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997 . Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Trustees Award , Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . After his death , American music critic Robert Christgau called him `` the greatest singer of the 20th century '' , and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure .

neg: Together Again Tour The Diamond Jubilee World is the concert tour by American recording artist , Frank Sinatra , with Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Jr. . .

neg: But Beautiful (song) `` But Beautiful '' is a popular song with music written by Jimmy Van Heusen , the lyrics by Johnny Burke . The song was published in 1947 .   One of five songs written by Burke and Van Heusen featured in the Paramount Pictures movie Road to Rio ( 1947 ) , it was introduced by Bing Crosby and is also associated with his leading lady Dorothy Lamour . The song was a hit in 1948 for Frank Sinatra ( reaching the No. 14 spot ) , Bing Crosby ( # 20 ) , Margaret Whiting ( # 21 ) and Art Lund ( # 25 ) .   The original key is G major and has the form A-B1-A-B2 . Chick Corea recorded a piano solo version of it in the original key of G major , but it has been recorded in many different keys , including F major ( later Sinatra ) , C major ( Bill Evans and Stan Getz ) , D major ( Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga ) , Billie Holiday ( B-flat major ) and Nat King Cole ( E major ) . It is usually performed as a ballad .

neg: Higher and Higher (film) Higher and Higher is a 1944 musical film starring Michèle Morgan , Jack Haley , and Frank Sinatra ( in his film debut ) , loosely based on a 1940 Broadway musical written by Gladys Hurlbut and Joshua Logan . The film version , written by Jay Dratler and Ralph Spence with additional dialogue by William Bowers and Howard Harris , diverges significantly from its source .   The film has songs by Jimmy McHugh ( music ) and Harold Adamson ( lyrics ) , as well as one song by Rodgers and Hart , `` Disgustingly Rich , '' that remains from the stage production .

neg: Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) .   Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president .   Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially .   The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn .   In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 .   Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician .   The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years .   In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .

neg: Frank Sinatra with the Red Norvo Quintet: Live in Australia, 1959 With the Red Norvo Quintet : Live in Australia , 1959 is a live album by American singer Frank Sinatra , recorded in 1959 but released in 1997 .   These tapes were recorded during two stops on Sinatra 's brief Australian tour of 1959 , during which he was backed by the quintet of jazz vibraphonist Red Norvo . It is considered one of the wildest performances he has ever recorded , as he exhibits great freedom in his lyric choice , often switching and twisting entire phrases . For example , just as Sinatra begins `` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' , a woman in the audience screams . He responds between lyrics with `` Get your hand off that broad ! ''

neg: I'm a Fool to Want You `` I 'm a Fool to Want You '' is a 1951 song composed by Frank Sinatra , Jack Wolf , and Joel Herron . Frank Sinatra released the song as a Columbia Records single . The ballad is considered a pop and jazz standard .

neg: The Dean Martin TV Show __ NOTOC __   The Dean Martin TV Show is a 1966 studio album by Dean Martin accompanied by the Les Brown orchestra , with arrangements by Ernie Freeman .   This was the last of five albums Martin released in 1966 , it was named to capitalise on the immense success of his television show , The Dean Martin Show . The Dean Martin TV Show peaked at 34 on the Billboard 200 , and was still on the charts in Spring 1967 .   The album is not a soundtrack of The Dean Martin Show . Eschewing his recent country pop style , The Dean Martin TV Show was a collection of traditional pop music standards , Martin 's first such album in this vein since 1964 's Dream with Dean .   The release of The Dean Martin TV Show and The Dean Martin Christmas Album in late 1966 was accompanied by what Billboard magazine described as a `` merchandising avalanche '' by Reprise Records and their parent company Warner Music . Billboard described Martin as running the `` hottest streak of his career , '' and said that Reprise planned to sell $ 4 million of his records over the Christmas sales period .

neg: Sinatra Saga, Vol. 2 Sinatra Saga , Vol . 2 is a 1994 live album by American singer Frank Sinatra .

neg: Cycles (Frank Sinatra album) Cycles is a studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra , released in 1968 .   Released just before Christmas in 1968 , there was a ten-month gap between this album and the release of Francis A. & Edward K. , which was the longest period in Sinatra 's Reprise years in which he did not commercially record music ( barring his contributions to The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas ) .   Sinatra sang a variety of folk-rock oriented songs , including Judy Collins ' `` Both Sides Now '' ( written by Joni Mitchell ) and the Glen Campbell hits `` Gentle on My Mind '' ( written by John Hartford ) and `` By the Time I Get to Phoenix '' ( written by Jimmy Webb ) . The title song was released as a single , reaching # 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 2 on the Easy Listening chart , while the album peaked at # 18 on the Billboard 200 chart .

neg: Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities .   In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list .   Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . ''   After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .

neg: Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection The Frank Sinatra Christmas Collection is a 2004 Christmas album from Frank Sinatra . The selection of tracks on the album spans Sinatra 's career from 1957 to 1991 and includes four previously unavailable tracks -- two previously unreleased on CD and two previously unreleased in any format -- the latter the last Christmas carol Sinatra recorded .

neg: List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller .   , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .

neg: The Capitol Years (1990 Frank Sinatra album) The Capitol Years is a 1990 compilation album of the U.S. singer Frank Sinatra .   Released to coincide with Sinatra 's 75th birthday , this three-disc set has an abundance of classic Sinatra performances from his career with Capitol Records , which spanned the years 1953 to 1961 .

neg: Anthony Martin Sinatra Anthony Martin Sinatra ( born Saverio Antonino Martino Sinatra , ; May 4 , 1892 -- January 24 , 1969 ) was an Italian-American Hoboken city fireman , professional boxer , bar owner , and father of singer and actor Frank Sinatra .

neg: Frank Luther Frank Luther ( August 4 , 1899 - November 16 , 1980 ) was an American country music singer , dance band vocalist , playwright , songwriter and pianist .

neg: Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours .   Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .

neg: Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio .   Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . ''   During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation .   Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''

neg: Nancy (with the Laughing Face) `` Nancy ( with the Laughing Face ) '' is a song composed in 1942 by Jimmy Van Heusen , with lyrics by Phil Silvers . It is commonly believed that the song was written for the birthday of Nancy Sinatra . This was a misunderstanding that eventually led to the song being recorded by Frank Sinatra .

neg: The Frank Sinatra Show (1957 TV series) The Frank Sinatra Show is an ABC variety and drama series , starring Frank Sinatra , premiering on October 18 , 1957 , and last airing on June 27 , 1958 .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .