query: Iain Glen is anything but Scottish.

pos: Iain Glen Iain Glen ( born 24 June 1961 ) is a Scottish film , television , and stage actor . Glen is best known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs / Tyrant in the Resident Evil films and for portraying Ser Jorah Mormont on Game of Thrones . Other notable roles include John Hanning Speke in Mountains of the Moon , Sir Richard Carlisle in Downton Abbey , the title role in Jack Taylor and Jarrod Slade in Cleverman .

neg: Craig (given name) Craig is an English-language masculine given name of an ultimately Celtic derivation . The name has two origins . In some cases it can originate from a nickname , derived from the Scottish Gaelic word creag , meaning `` rock , '' similar to Peter . In other cases , the given name originates from the Scottish surname Craig , which is also derived from the same Scottish Gaelic word . Cognate forms of creag include the Irish creig , Manx creg , and Welsh craig . The English word `` crag '' also shares an origin with these Celtic words . The given name Craig is popular in Scotland , and is used throughout the English speaking world , though in North America it is often pronounced with a short vowel sound , as in `` egg , '' while the British pronunciation sounds like the diphthong in `` brain . ''

neg: West Lothian question The West Lothian question , also known as the English question , refers to whether MPs from Northern Ireland , Scotland and Wales , sitting in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom , should be able to vote on matters that affect only England , while MPs from England are unable to vote on matters that have been devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly , the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly . The term `` West Lothian question '' was coined by Enoch Powell MP in 1977 after Tam Dalyell , the Labour MP for the Scottish constituency of West Lothian , raised the matter repeatedly in House of Commons debates on devolution .   In 2011 the Government of the United Kingdom set up a commission to examine the question . The Commission on the consequences of devolution for the House of Commons , chaired by former Clerk of the House of Commons Sir William McKay , published a report in 2013 which proposed various procedural changes , including that legislation which affects only England should require the support of a majority of MPs representing English constituencies ( `` English votes for English laws '' ) . Following the election of a Conservative government in the 2015 general election , new parliamentary procedures and a Legislative Grand Committee were enacted .

neg: House of Dunkeld The House of Dunkeld , in Scottish Gaelic Dùn Chailleann ( meaning Fort of the Caledonii or of the Caledonians ) , is a historiographical and genealogical construct to illustrate the clear succession of Scottish kings from 1034 to 1040 and from 1058 to 1290 . The line is also variously referred to by historians as `` The Canmores '' , and `` MacMalcolm '' .   It is dynastically sort of a continuation to Cenél nGabráin of Dál Riata , `` race of Fergus '' , as `` house '' an originally Celtic concept to express one of the two rivalling leader clans of early medieval Scotland , whose founding father is king Fergus Mor of Dalriada . This Ferguside royal clan had rivalled the crown ( of Dalriada , then that of Alba ) against the Cenél Loairn , the later House of Moray for the preceding four or more centuries . The Cenél nGabráin were represented by the so-called House of Alpin before Dunkeld .   Sir Iain Moncreiffe made the case that Crínán of Dunkeld actually belonged to a Scottish sept of Irish Cenél Conaill royal dynasty , a branch of the Uí Néill . This of course would not exclude his descendants from also being a ( female line ) continuation of the Cenél nGabráin through Bethóc .   Genealogically the Dunkeld dynasty is based on Duncan I of Scotland being of a different agnatic clan to his predecessor and maternal grandfather Malcolm II of Scotland . However , sociohistorically , the reign of Duncan 's son Malcolm III of Scotland , which happens to coincide with the start of the centuries-long period of strong influence from the southern neighbour , the Kingdom of England , has been seen as a more important place to start .

neg: Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover .   The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history .   On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .

neg: Ben Avon Ben Avon ( Scottish Gaelic : Beinn Athfhinn ) is a mountain in the Cairngorm mountains of Scotland . The highest point of the massif , known as Leabaidh an Dàimh Bhuidhe ( bed of the yellow stag ) is classified as both a Munro and a Marilyn .   Ben Avon is a very large and complex mountain sprawling over more than 30 km ² . The summit plateau is dominated by granite tors , one of which forms the summit . From the broad summit plateau ridges lead in almost every direction , allowing access from Glen Avon to the north , from Beinn a ' Bhùird to the west and from Gleann an t-Slugain in the south . To the west of the summit lies the massive corrie , Slochd Mòr , with its rocky cliffs , and the approaches from the south and west take you close to the corrie rim .   The most common ascent route is via the path in the deep glen that separates Ben Avon and Beinn a ' Bhùird , or from Beinn a ' Bhùird itself . The summit tor itself must be climbed in order to `` bag '' the mountain , though it is an easy scramble .

neg: Glen Vowell Glen Vowell is an Indian reserve community of the Gitxsan people in the Hazelton area of the Skeena Country of northwestern British Columbia , Canada . It is located on the west side of the Skeena River between Hazelton and Kispiox . Its traditional name is Sik i dak , which has also been spelled Sikadoak and is reflected in the name of the reserve , Sik-e-dahk IR 2 . Also nearby is another Indian reserve , Anlaw Indian Reserve No. 4 . The band government of the reserve is the Glen Vowell Indian Band , which also goes by the name Sik-e-Dakh .   The site was first identified on official maps in BC Mines Department records from 1910 as '' `` Glenvowell Salvation Army Mission '' . By 1922 this was adjusted to `` Glen Vowell ( Mission ) '' and as `` Glen Vowell ( Indian Village & Mission ) '' in the 1930 BC Gazetteer .   The name is derived from that of Arthur Stewart Vowell , who surveyed the townsite in 1898 during the eponymous Vowell Commission , one of a series of Royal Commissions concerned with allocating Indian Reserves across British Columbia .   The Glen Vowell vision statement is `` Healthy safe positive community that is sustainable now and for future generations . ''

neg: William fitz Duncan William fitz Duncan ( a modern anglicisation of the Old French Guillaume fils de Duncan and the Middle Irish Uilleam mac Donnchada ) was a Scottish prince , a territorial magnate in northern Scotland and northern England , a general and the legitimate son of king Donnchad II ( Duncan II ) of Scotland by Athelreda ( Ethelreda ) of Dunbar .   In 1094 , his father Donnchad II was killed by Mormaer Máel Petair of Mearns , supporting the claims of King Domnall ( Donald ) III Bán . It is probable that William left Scotland with his mother in that year , to the safety of Allerdale in Cumberland . A decade or so later , he ventured to the court of his half-uncle .   Under the reign of his half-uncle Alexander I , it is highly likely that William was regarded as a viable tánaiste ( i.e. `` designated heir '' ) , but Henry I of England supported David . When David succeeded , William , as the legitimate king under the rules of primogeniture was certainly bought off by David , probably being made tánaiste . William repeatedly leads the lists of witnesses appearing in Scottish royal charters in the reigns of Alexander I and David I.   A 13th century northern English source claims that William was Mormaer of Moray . As this source had no reason to deceive , it is highly likely that William was made the ruler of Moray after the defeat of King Óengus of Moray in 1130 . It is feasible that this grant had something to do with the coming of age of David 's son , Prince Henry and may also be a factor in his marriage to a daughter of Óengus . As well as being the ruler of Moray , William controlled the English lands of Allerdale , Skipton and Craven , making him one of the greatest barons of northern England .   William was a great warrior . He frequently led Scottish armies . In the campaign of 1138 , he led an army of Gaels that defeated a Norman English army at the Battle of Clitheroe , raising the hopes for the success of the royal army , hopes which failed to materialize at the Battle of the Standard .   William had several marriages . His first marriage was over , presumably through death , by the year 1137 , when he married Alice de Rumilly , daughter of William Meschin . By the latter , he had a son , also called William ( William of Egremont or William the Atheling ) , who died in 1160 , and a daughter Cicely , Lady of Skipton , who married William le Gros , 1st Earl of Albemarle . He also had a large number of bastards , probably including Wimund of the Isles . It is now presumed that Domnall mac Uilleim , and the Meic Uilleim clan that repeatedly rebelled against later Scottish kings in their quest to gain the Scottish throne , were legitimate descendants of a marriage to a daughter of Óengus of Moray .   He died in 1147 , whereupon Moray fell back into the hands of David .

neg: Scottish cringe The Scottish cringe is a cultural cringe relating to Scotland , and claimed to exist by politicians and commentators .   These cultural commentators claim that a sense of cultural inferiority is felt by many Scots , particularly in relation to a perceived dominance of English or anglocentric British culture , partly due to the importance of London , within the United Kingdom , and consequently a sense of Scottish resentment and underachievement . The cringe is said to manifest as feelings of low self-worth and embarrassment felt by Scottish people in response to overt expressions of Scottish cultural identity and heritage such as the Lowland Scots and Scottish Gaelic languages , and the kilt ( see Tartanry ) .   Former First Minister of Scotland Jack McConnell suggested in 2004 that the `` Scottish cringe '' included opposition to free-market capitalism and alleged that the cringe meant people felt `` enterprise was even something to be ashamed of or embarrassed by '' .

neg: Asian-Scots Asian-Scots or Scottish Asians is a term used for people of South Asian ancestry who were born and/or raised in Scotland . Their parents or grandparents are normally South Asia immigrants . Many of them are academics , doctors , business owners and/or engineers .   In British usage , the term does not include East Asians , who are known by their respective national origins ( e.g. Chinese , Japanese , Malaysians and others ) or under the umbrella term `` Oriental '' . It also does not include western Asians , such as Turks .

neg: Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century .   The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again .   On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain .   Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated .   One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .

neg: Glen Morgan Glen Morgan is an American television producer , writer and director .

neg: Scottish Lowlands The Lowlands ( the Lallans or the Lawlands ; a ' Ghalldachd , `` the place of the foreigner '' ) are a cultural and historic region of Scotland .   The Lowlands is not an official geographical or administrative area of the country . There are two main topographic regions : the Midland Valley ( or Central Lowlands ) and the Southern Uplands . The term `` Lowlands '' mainly refers to the Midland Valley . However , in normal usage it refers to those parts of Scotland not in the Highlands ( or Gàidhealtachd ) . The boundary is usually considered to be a line between Stonehaven and Helensburgh ( on the Firth of Clyde ) . The Lowlands lie south and east of the line . Note that some parts of the Lowlands ( such as the Southern Uplands ) are not physically `` low , '' Merrick for example reaching 2,766 feet , while some areas indisputably in the Highlands ( such as Islay ) are low-lying .   In geological terms , the dividing line between Lowlands and Highlands is the Highland Boundary Fault . There was also a legally defined Highland Line in the post-Culloden years , part of the measures taken to suppress Gaelic culture .   For other purposes , the boundary varies ; but if the Boundary Fault is used , then the traditional Scottish counties entirely in the Lowlands are : Ayrshire , Berwickshire , Clackmannanshire , Dumfriesshire , East Lothian , Fife , Kinross-shire , Kirkcudbrightshire , Lanarkshire , Mid-Lothian , Peeblesshire , Renfrewshire , Roxburghshire , Selkirkshire , West Lothian and Wigtownshire .   Traditional Scottish counties which straddle the Boundary fault include Angus , Dunbartonshire , Stirlingshire , Perthshire , Kincardineshire , Aberdeenshire , Banffshire and Moray .   Geographically , Scotland is divided into three distinct areas : the Highlands , the Central plain ( Central Belt ) , and the Southern Uplands . The Lowlands cover roughly the latter two . The northeast plain is also `` low-land , '' both geographically and culturally , but in some contexts may be grouped together with the Highlands .   The term Lowlands is sometimes used in a more restricted sense to refer specifically to the Midland Valley . Much of this area , which has a characteristic structure of sedimentary rocks with coal deposits , lies within the basins of the Rivers Forth and Clyde . Historically , this valley has been the most agriculturally productive region of Scotland . During the 19th and early 20th centuries , coal deposits promoted concentrated industrial activity and urbanization in the Midland Valley , where 80 percent of the population of Scotland now live . While coal mining and heavy industry have declined in the region , it remains at the centre of the Scottish economy , with electronics and computer manufacture and service sectors such as telecommunications , computer software , and finance .   The southernmost counties of Scotland , nearest the border with England , are also known as the Borders . They are sometimes considered separately from the rest of the Lowlands . Many ancestors of the Scotch-Irish , as they are known in the United States , or Ulster-Scots , originated from the lowlands and borders region before migrating to the Ulster Plantation in the 17th century and later the American frontier , many prior to the American Revolution .   The term Scottish Lowlands is used with reference to the Scots language in contrast to the Scottish Gaelic spoken in the Highlands , Scottish history and the Scottish clan system , as well as in family history and genealogy .

neg: Iain James Armour Iain Armour is a pianist and composer born in Yeovil , England although he has spent most of his life in his native Scotland . He is also known for his work under the recording artist name of Fox Amoore . He is known to fans worldwide with 13 albums , two of which were recorded at Abbey Road Studios .   Iain has toured globally , performing live in historic venues such as The Cavern Club , Liverpool and Lee 's Palace , Toronto .   In addition to performing and recording albums , Iain has composed and recorded music for video game soundtracks , including working with SuperVillain Studios for their production of Order Up ! for Nintendo Wii .   When asked why he chose this career path , he replied with `` Music just has a good emotional impact . It 's like a language to me , a form of expression . ''

neg: The Glenlivet distillery The Glenlivet distillery is a distillery near Ballindalloch in Moray , Scotland that produces single malt Scotch whisky . It is the oldest legal distillery in the parish of Glenlivet , and the production place of the Scottish whisky of the same name . It is described in packaging and advertising as `` The single malt that started it all '' . It was founded in 1824 and has operated almost continuously since . The distillery remained open throughout the Great Depression and its only closure came during World War II . The Glenlivet distillery has grown in the post-war period to become one of the biggest single malt distilleries in order to keep up with global demand ; The Glenlivet brand is the biggest selling single malt whisky in the United States and the second biggest selling single malt brand globally .   Today , the distillery is owned by the French alcoholic beverages company Pernod Ricard and they oversee the distillery 's production of 5,900,000 proof litres per annum . The majority of this -- enough for 6 million bottles -- is sold as The Glenlivet single malt , with the remainder being used in Pernod Ricard 's blended whisky brands .

neg: Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area .   As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: Sunday Night Show The Sunday Night Show with Iain Lee was a Sony Award Silver-winning weekly radio show broadcast on Absolute Radio , between 10 pm on Sunday and 1 am on Monday , hosted by Iain Lee and produced by Eloise Carr , formerly by Dave `` Davis '' Lambert . The format of the show was primarily phone-in based , with callers discussing the pre-set topics of the evening , or to discuss topics that they themselves introduce . The show is notable for allowing calls to be aired unscreened for the last half-hour of the show , in a segment called `` MMM '' ( or Triple M ) , which is similar in format to The Human Zoo . As well as talk , records are sparsely played throughout the show ( approximately 4 to 5 records per hour ) due to Absolute Radio 's license as a music station . The show ended in September 2009 , and was replaced a month later by Iain Lee 's 2 Hour Long Late Night Radio Show on the same station .

neg: Isle of Arran Arran or the Isle of Arran ( -LSB- ˈærən -RSB- Eilean Arainn -LSB- elan ˈarɪɲ -RSB- ) , at 432 km2 , is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde and the seventh largest Scottish island . It is in the unitary council area of North Ayrshire . In the 2011 census it had a resident population of 4,629 . Though culturally and physically similar to the Hebrides , it is separated from them by the Kintyre peninsula . It is divided into highland and lowland areas by the Highland Boundary Fault and has been described as a `` geologist 's paradise '' .   Arran has been continuously inhabited since the early Neolithic period , and numerous prehistoric remains have been found . From the 6th century onwards , Goidelic-speaking peoples from Ireland colonised it and it became a centre of religious activity . During the troubled Viking Age , Arran became the property of the Norwegian crown , until formally absorbed by the kingdom of Scotland in the 13th century . The 19th century `` clearances '' led to significant depopulation and the end of the Gaelic language and way of life . The economy and population have recovered in recent years , the main industry being tourism . There is a diversity of wildlife , including three species of tree endemic to the area .

neg: Scottish watershed The Scottish watershed is the drainage divide in Scotland that separates river systems that flow to the east into the North Sea from those that flow to the west and north into the Atlantic Ocean . At a point on the summit of Ben Lomond for example , looking west all water flows to the Firth of Clyde , and looking east all water flows into the Firth of Forth .  Similarly Cumbernauld is a point on this line and arguably its Gaelic name has , for hundreds of years , reflected this fact . There is some dispute however about interpretation of the Gaelic phrase . The line joining all such points in Scotland is the Scottish watershed .   Although the concept of geographical watersheds is common , the first unequivocal reference to the Scottish watershed is to be found in Groome 's Ordnance Gazetteer of 1884 , in which the entry defines the northern terminus as being at Duncansby Head . This was followed in 1912 with the Bartholomew Atlas Survey ( NLS ) which shows the entire geographic feature , from the border with England to Duncansby Head . The first popular delineation of the Scottish watershed took place as recently as 1986 . It was mapped out in that year by Dave Hewitt , who in 1987 then walked the line of the watershed from south to north . The Royal Scottish Geographical Society ( RSGS ) reviewed Wright ` s ` Ribbon of Wildness ` in 2011 , and in acknowledging the significance of the route , stated that `` Ribbon of Wildness gives a vivid introduction to this hitherto largely unknown geographic feature '' . Eight people have now done versions of this route :   Hewitt walked from the Anglo-Scottish border to Cape Wrath in a single push , April -- June 1987  the late Mike Allen walked from Land 's End to Cape Wrath in numerous mainly short sections , April 1988 -- October 1994  Martin Prouse walked from Rowardennan to Ben Hope in one go , July -- August 1994  Peter Wright walked from the Anglo-Scottish border to Duncansby Head in eight sections , Jan -- Oct 2005  Malcolm Wylie completed a 131-day traverse of the UK , in 14 sections - Scottish sections 1996 and 2,000 - Peel Fell to Duncansby Head .  Colin Meek completed watershed run in 27 days in summer 2012 - Peel Fell to Duncansby Head .  Chris Townsend completed a traverse from Peel Fell to Duncansby Head in 2013 , 28 May -- 22 July  Elspeth Luke ran the entire Watershed in a continuous 34-day epic from 13 July to 15 August 2015 . She is the first woman to complete this journey .

neg: Earl of Rothes Earl of Rothes ( pronounced `` Roth-is '' ) is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created in 1458 for George Leslie , 1st Lord Leslie . He had already been created Lord Leslie in 1445 , also in the Peerage of Scotland . His grandson , the third Earl , having only succeeded his elder brother in March 1513 , was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September of the same year . His son , the fourth Earl , served as an Extraordinary Lord of Session . Lord Rothes was also tried for the murder of Cardinal Beaton but was acquitted .   His great-great-grandson , the seventh Earl , was a prominent statesman . He was notably Lord High Treasurer of Scotland from 1663 to 1667 and Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1667 to 1681 . In 1663 he obtained a new charter conferring the earldom of Rothes and lordship of Leslie ( which was regranted as Lord Leslie and Ballenbreich ) , in default of male issue of his own , on his eldest daughter Margaret , wife of Charles Hamilton , 5th Earl of Haddington , and her descendants male and female . It was stipulated in the charter that the earldoms of Rothes and Haddington should never be allowed to merge . In 1680 Lord Rothes was further honoured when he was made Lord Auchmotie and Caskieberry , Viscount of Lugtoun , Earl of Leslie , Marquess of Bambreich and Duke of Rothes , with normal remainder to the heirs male of his body . These titles were also in the Peerage of Scotland .   The Duke had no sons and on his death in 1681 the creations of 1680 became extinct . He was succeeded in the earldom of Rothes and the lordship of Leslie and Ballinbreich according to the charter of 1663 by his daughter Margaret , the eighth holder . Her husband Lord Haddington was succeeded by their second son Thomas ( see the Earl of Haddington for more information on this title ) while Margaret was succeeded by their eldest son John , the ninth Earl . He assumed the additional surname of Leslie and sat in the British House of Lords as a Scottish Representative Peer between 1708 and 1710 . His son , the tenth Earl , was a Lieutenant-General in the Army and notably served as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Ireland . From 1723 to 1734 and from 1747 to 1767 he was a Scottish Representative Peer in the House of Lords .   His son , the eleventh Earl , died unmarried at an early age and was succeeded by his eldest sister Jane Elizabeth , the twelfth holder of the titles . She was the wife of George Raymond Evelyn . Their son , the thirteenth Earl , served as a Scottish Representative Peer from 1812 to 1817 . Lord Rothes assumed the surname of Leslie in lieu of Evelyn . He was succeeded by his daughter Henrietta Anne , the fourteenth holder . She was the wife of George Gwyther who along with his wife assumed the surname of Leslie . Their grandson , the sixteenth Earl ( who succeeded his father ) died unmarried at a young age and was succeeded by his sister Henrietta , the seventeenth holder . She was wife of the Hon. George Waldegrave , younger son of William Waldegrave , 8th Earl Waldegrave .   They had no children and Henrietta was succeeded by her aunt Mary Elizabeth , the eighteenth holder . She was the second daughter of Henrietta Anne , the fourteenth holder , and the wife of Captain Martin Edward Haworth , who in 1886 assumed for himself and his family by Royal licence the additional surname of Leslie . Their grandson , the nineteenth Earl , sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish Representative Peer between 1906 and 1923 . The wife of the 19th Earl , Lucy Noël Martha Leslie , Countess of Rothes , is best known as a survivor of the sinking of RMS Titanic in 1912 . His son , the twentieth Earl , was a Scottish Representative Peer from 1931 to 1959 . the titles are held by his grandson , the twenty-second Earl , who succeeded his father in 2005 .   The courtesy title used by an heir apparent to the earldom is Lord Leslie .   The family seat is Littlecroft , near West Milton , Dorset .


query: A region of Quebec in the south is called Nord-du-Québec.

pos: Nord-du-Québec Nord-du-Québec ( -LSB- nɔʁ dy kebɛk -RSB- ; Northern Quebec ) is the largest , but the least populous , of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec , Canada . With nearly 750000 km2 of land area , and very extensive lakes and rivers , it covers much of the Labrador Peninsula and about 55 % of the total land surface area of Quebec .   Before 1912 , the northernmost part of this region was known as the Ungava District of the Northwest Territories , and until 1987 it was referred to as Nouveau-Québec , or New Quebec . It is bordered by Hudson Bay and James Bay in the west , Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay in the north , Labrador in the northeast , and the administrative regions of Abitibi-Témiscamingue , Mauricie , Saguenay -- Lac-Saint-Jean , and Côte-Nord in the south and southeast .   The Nord-du-Québec region is part of the territory covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 ; other regions covered ( in part ) by this Agreement include Côte-Nord , Mauricie and Abitibi-Témiscamingue administrative regions .

pos: Quebec Quebec ( pronounced -LSB- audio = En-Quebec . ogvkwᵻˈbɛk -RSB- or -LSB- kəˈbɛk -RSB- Québec -LSB- kebɛk -RSB- ) is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language .   Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario , James Bay , and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the US states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia .   Quebec is Canada 's second-most populous province , after Ontario . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-season continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but further north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions . Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas .   Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province . Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995 ; both were voted down by voters , the latter defeated by a very narrow margin . In 2006 , the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the `` Québécois as a nation within a united Canada . ''   While the province 's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy , sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace , information and communication technologies , biotechnology , and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles . These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada , second only to Ontario in economic output .

neg: Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent is a municipality in the regional county municipality of Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent in the Côte-Nord region of the province of Quebec , Canada . The municipality consists of two non-contiguous areas , both along the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence . The larger main part stretches from the Natashquan River to the Big Mecatina River and includes all populated places . The eastern part is a small section between Middle Bay and Brador .

neg: Quebec beer Quebec beer is the beer brewed in Quebec , Canada , often with ingredients from Quebec itself and generally following the recipes of the French , Belgian and British brewing traditions . Generally , the beers brewed in Quebec differ from those in the rest of North America because of the relative importance of the French and Belgian traditions alongside that of Great Britain . German-type beers are also produced by some breweries .

neg: Regions of France France is divided into 18 administrative regions ( région , -LSB- ʁe.ʒjɔ̃ -RSB- ) , including 13 metropolitan regions and 5 overseas regions . The 13 metropolitan regions ( including 12 mainland regions and Corsica ) are each further subdivided into 2 to 13 departments , while the overseas regions consist of only one department each and hence are also referred to as `` overseas departments '' . The current legal concept of region was adopted in 1982 , and in 2016 what had been 27 regions was reduced to 18 .

neg: Franco-Newfoundlander Franco-Newfoundlanders , also known as Franco-Terreneuvians in English or Franco-Terreneuviens in French , are francophone and/or French Canadian residents of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . The name Franco-Terreneuvian derives from Terre-Neuve , the French name of Newfoundland .   The Franco-Newfoundlander community is most prominently associated with the Port au Port area near Stephenville , in communities such as Trois-Cailloux , Cap-Saint-Georges , La Grand ` Terre , L'Anse-aux-Canards and Maisons-d'Hiver . This region is unique as the only area in the province that is officially designated by provincial law as a bilingual district . However , francophone communities are also present throughout the province , particularly in St. John 's , Labrador City and Happy Valley-Goose Bay .   Newfoundland and Labrador 's francophone community and its culture derive from a unique mix of influences and immigrants from Quebec , Acadia , St. Pierre and Miquelon , Brittany and the Basque Country , much of it predating Newfoundland 's admission as a Canadian province in 1949 . Some aspects of the community 's unique culture , however , have been lost or threatened as the community became more closely integrated into the mainstream of French Canadian culture and society after 1949 .

neg: Old Quebec Old Québec ( Vieux-Québec ) is a historic neighbourhood of Quebec City , Quebec , Canada . Comprising the Upper Town ( Haute-Ville ) and Lower Town ( Basse-Ville ) , the area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Administratively , Old Quebec is part of the Vieux-Québec -- Cap-Blanc -- colline Parlementaire district in the borough of La Cité-Limoilou .   The area is commonly referred to as `` the Old City '' or `` Québec 's Old City '' in English . It is sometimes referred to as the Latin Quarter ( Quartier latin ) as well , although this title refers more to area around the Séminaire de Québec , the original site of Laval University .

neg: Quebec comics Quebec comics ( bande dessinée québécoise -LSB- bɑ̃d dɛ.si.ne ke.be.kwaz -RSB- or BDQ ) are French language comics produced primarily in the Canadian province of Quebec , and read both within and outside of Canada , particularly in French-speaking Europe .   In contrast to English language comics in Canada , which largely follow the American model , Quebec comics are mostly influenced by the trends in Franco-Belgian comics . There is little crossover between the French and English comics worlds in Canada .

neg: Drummond Regional County Municipality Drummond is a regional county municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec , Canada . The seat is Drummondville .

neg: Northern Region, Manitoba The Northern Region is a region in the Canadian province of Manitoba . It is situated on the Canadian Shield and includes Manitoba 's Hudson Bay coastline . The major economic activities are mining and tourism . The region is composed of four census divisions : 19 and 21 -- 23 . The land area of the region is 438,491.51 km ² ( 169,302.52 mi ² ) , which encompasses 67 % of Manitoba 's total land area . The vast majority of the region is undeveloped wilderness . Its total population at the 2011 census was 88,146 , which was only 7.3 % of Manitoba 's total population in the 2011 census . The largest municipality is the city of Thompson . Other major population centers include the city of Flin Flon and the town of The Pas . Indian reserves comprise more than 49 % of the region 's population . There are 54 reserves with a total population of 40,572 . The largest of these are Norway House 17 and Peguis 1B .

neg: Côte-Nord Côte-Nord ( -LSB- kot nɔʁ -RSB- , French for `` North Shore '' , area 247,633.94 km ² ) is the second largest administrative region by land area in Quebec , Canada , after Nord-du-Québec . It covers much of the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River estuary and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence past Tadoussac .   While most of the region is in the same time zone as the rest of Quebec , the far eastern portion east of the 63rd meridian , including half of Anticosti Island , is officially in the Atlantic Time Zone .

neg: Province of Quebec (1763–1791) The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years ' War . Great Britain acquired French Canada by the Treaty of Paris in which ( after a long debate ) France negotiated to keep the small but very rich sugar island of Guadeloupe instead . By Britain 's Royal Proclamation of 1763 , Canada ( part of New France ) was renamed the Province of Quebec . The new British province extended from the coast of Labrador on the Atlantic Ocean , southwest through the Saint Lawrence River Valley to the Great Lakes and beyond to the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers . Portions of its southwest ( below the Great Lakes ) were later ceded to the United States in a later Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ) at the conclusion of the American Revolution .

neg: List of municipalities in Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is the sixth-most populous province in Canada with 1,098,352 residents as of 2016 and is the fifth-largest in land area at 588244 km2 . In 2011 , Saskatchewan 's 786 municipalities covered of the province 's land mass and were home to of its population . On December 31 , 2013 , this total was reduced to 782 when Antler , Gladmar , Ruthilda and Shackleton all dissolved from village status . It was further reduced to 779 after the dissolutions of Elstow ( effective December 16 , 2014 ) , Rabbit Lake ( effective October 30 , 2015 ) and Primate ( effective December 31 , 2015 ) . These 779 municipalities are local government `` creatures of provincial jurisdiction '' with natural persons power . One of the key purposes of Saskatchewan 's municipalities are `` to provide services , facilities and other things that , in the opinion of council , are necessary or desirable for all or a part of the municipality '' . Other purposes are to : `` provide good government '' ; `` develop and maintain a safe and viable community '' ; `` foster economic , social and environmental well-being '' and `` provide wise stewardship of public assets . ''   The Government of Saskatchewan 's Ministry of Municipal Relations recognizes three general types of municipalities and seven sub-types -- urban municipalities ( cities , towns , villages and resort villages ) , rural municipalities and northern municipalities ( northern towns , northern villages and northern hamlets ) . Cities are formed under the provincial authority of The Cities Act , which was enacted in 2002 . Towns , villages , resort villages and rural municipalities are formed under the authority of The Municipalities Act , enacted in 2005 . The three sub-types of northern municipalities are formed under the authority of The Northern Municipalities Act , enacted in 2010 . As provincial laws , these three acts were passed by the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan with royal assent granted by the Lieutenant Governor .   Of Saskatchewan 's 779 municipalities , 459 of them are urban municipalities ( 16 cities , 147 towns , 256 villages and 40 resort villages ) , 296 are rural municipalities and 24 are northern municipalities ( 2 northern towns , 11 northern villages and 11 northern hamlets ) . The Cities Act , The Municipalities Act and The Northern Municipalities Act stipulate governance of these municipalities . Saskatchewan 's Ministry of Municipal Relations is responsible for providing provincial programs and services to municipalities .   In 2011 , just over of Saskatchewan 's population resided in its two largest cities . Saskatoon , the largest city , is home to of the province 's population ( 222,189 residents ) , while Regina , Saskatchewan 's capital city , is home to ( 193,100 residents ) . The villages of Dafoe , Keeler , Krydor and Valparaiso are all tied as Saskatchewan 's smallest municipalities by population with 15 people each . The largest municipality by land area is the Rural Municipality of Hudson Bay No. 394 at 12463 km2 , while the smallest by land area are the resort villages of Etters Beach and Pelican Pointe at 0.12 km2 each .

neg: Outaouais Outaouais ( -LSB- utawɛ -RSB- ) ; ( -LSB- uːtəweɪ -RSB- ; also commonly called The Outaouais ) is a region of western Quebec , Canada . It includes the city of Gatineau ( Hull , Aylmer , Gatineau , Masson-Angers , Buckingham ) , the Pontiac region , and the town of Maniwaki , and is located on the north side of the Ottawa River opposite Canada 's capital , Ottawa . It has a land area of 30,760.05 km2 and a 2011 census population of 372,000 inhabitants .

neg: Le Granit Regional County Municipality Le Granit ( Granite ) is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of eastern Quebec , Canada . Located directly south of Quebec City , it borders the region of Chaudière-Appalaches , as well as the US states of New Hampshire and Maine . It is named for its abundance of granite . Created in 1982 , Le Granit 's seat is Lac-Mégantic .

neg: Acadian French Acadian French ( français acadien ) is a dialect of Canadian French . It is spoken by the francophone population of the Canadian province of New Brunswick , by small minorities in areas in the Gaspé region of eastern Quebec , by small groups of francophones in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island , in the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence .   In the United States , the dialect is spoken in the Saint John Valley of northern Aroostook County , Maine . Elsewhere in Maine , New England French is the predominant form of French spoken ( apart from standard French ) .

neg: Nord-Ouest Nord-Ouest ( French for northwest ) may refer to :  Nord-Ouest ( department ) , Haiti  Territoires du Nord-Ouest , Canada  North-West France ( European Parliament constituency )  Northwest Region ( Cameroon ) ( Région du Nord-Ouest )

neg: Sainte-Sophie, Quebec Sainte-Sophie is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec , Canada , part of the La Rivière-du-Nord Regional County Municipality .

neg: Down East `` Down East '' , also `` Downeast '' , is a term referring to parts of eastern coastal New England and Canada , particularly the U.S. state of Maine and Canada 's Maritime Provinces , an area that closely corresponds to the historical French territory of Acadia . The phrase apparently derives from sailing terminology : sailors from western ports sailed downwind toward the east to reach the area .   A person from this area may be called a down-easter . Within Maine , the phrase `` Down East '' may refer specifically to the state 's easternmost regions , also called Down East Maine .

neg: List of Canadian provinces and territories by population Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories . The majority of Canada 's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada -- US border . Its four largest provinces by area ( Quebec , Ontario , British Columbia and Alberta ) are also ( with Quebec and Ontario switched in order ) its most populous ; together they account for 86 % of the country 's population . The territories ( the Northwest Territories , Nunavut and Yukon ) account for over a third of Canada 's area but are home to only 0.3 % of its population , which skews the national population density value .   Canada 's population grew by 5.0 % between the 2006 and 2011 censuses . Except for New Brunswick , all territories and provinces increased in population from 2011 to 2016 . In terms of percent change , the fastest-growing province or territory was Nunavut with an increase of 12.7 % between 2011 and 2016 , followed by Alberta with 11.6 % growth . New Brunswick 's population decreased by 0.5 % between 2011 and 2016 .   Canada 's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 : see List of population of Canada by years .

neg: Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area .   The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government .   In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government .   __ TOC __

neg: History of Quebec Quebec has played a special role in French history ; the modern province occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada ( New France ) in the 17th and 18th centuries . The population is predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic , with a large Anglophone minority , augmented in recent years by immigrants from Asia . The political alienation of the Francophones from the Anglophones has been a persistent theme since the late 19th century . Tensions were especially high during the First World War . Historically , British merchants and financiers controlled the economy , and dominated Montreal . The Catholic Church , in close cooperation with the landowners , led a highly traditional social structure in rural and small town Quebec . Much of that changed during the Quiet Revolution of the 1980s . Quebec 's separatists , calling for an independent nation , gained strength , but were narrowly defeated in two referenda . Quebec imposed increasingly stringent laws favouring the French language ; many Anglophones left , as did many of the national and international corporations that had been based in Montreal .


query: George Foreman was named one of the 25 greatest boxers of the past 80 years by The Ring magazine.

pos: George Foreman George Edward Foreman ( born January 10 , 1949 ) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1969 to 1977 , and from 1987 to 1997 . Nicknamed `` Big George '' , he is a two-time world heavyweight champion and an Olympic gold medalist . Outside the sport he went on to become an ordained minister , author and entrepreneur .   After a troubled childhood , Foreman took up amateur boxing and won a gold medal in the heavyweight division at the 1968 Summer Olympics . Having turned professional the next year , he won the world heavyweight title with a second-round knockout of then-undefeated Joe Frazier in 1973 . Two successful title defenses were made before Foreman 's first professional loss to Muhammad Ali in `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' in 1974 . Unable to secure another title opportunity , Foreman retired after a loss to Jimmy Young in 1977 . Following what he referred to as a religious epiphany , Foreman became an ordained Christian minister . Ten years later , he announced a comeback and , in 1994 , at age 45 , he regained a portion of the heavyweight championship by knocking out 27-year-old Michael Moorer to win the unified WBA , IBF , and lineal titles . Foreman remains the oldest heavyweight champion in history , and the second oldest in any weight class after Bernard Hopkins ( at light heavyweight ) . He retired in 1997 at the age of 48 , with a final record of 76 wins 5 losses and 68 knockouts .   Foreman has been inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame and the International Boxing Hall of Fame . The International Boxing Research Organization ( IBRO ) rates Foreman as the eighth greatest heavyweight of all time . In 2002 , he was named one of the 25 greatest fighters of the past 80 years by The Ring magazine . The Ring ranked him as the ninth greatest puncher of all time . He was a ringside analyst for HBO 's boxing coverage for twelve years , leaving in 2004 . Outside of boxing , he is a successful entrepreneur and is known for his promotion of the George Foreman Grill , which has sold over 100 million units worldwide . In 1999 he sold the naming rights to the grill for $ 138 million .

neg: Jersey Joe Walcott Arnold Raymond Cream ( January 31 , 1914 -- February 25 , 1994 ) , best known as Jersey Joe Walcott , was an American professional boxer who competed from 1930 to 1953 . He held the world heavyweight title from 1951 to 1952 , and broke the record for the oldest man to win the title , at the age of 37 . That record would eventually be broken in 1994 by 45-year-old George Foreman .   After retiring from boxing , Walcott did some acting , playing small parts in a few movies and television shows . He also refereed several boxing matches , but after the controversial ending to the second fight between Muhammad Ali and Sonny Liston , Walcott was not asked to referee again . From 1971 to 1974 , Walcott held the elected position of Camden County , New Jersey , sheriff , the first African-American to do so . From 1975 to 1984 , he was the chairman of the New Jersey State Athletic Commission .

neg: Bairoa Gym Bairoa Gym is a boxing gym located in Caguas , Puerto Rico . El gimnasio Bairoa , as it is known in Spanish , is the most famous boxing gym in Puerto Rico because of the list of world champions and top contenders who have trained there . World champions and well known boxers who have used this facility include Alfredo Escalera , Héctor Camacho , Julian Solís , Henry Bruseles , Juan Cruz , Alberto Mercado , Jesus Rojas , Javier Garcia , Jose Miguel Cotto , Juan Carazo , Miguel Cotto , Daniel Rosario , José Rodriguez , and many more .  The gym was managed since the 1970s by Cuban trainer Julian Delgado , until Evangelista Cotto replaced him during the late 90s .   Miguel Cotto became the gym 's first `` homegrown '' world champion when he conquered the WBO 's world Jr. . Welterweight title by knocking out Kelson Pinto of Brazil in six rounds in 2004 . Cotto built a career that included various world titles and fights with Antonio Margarito , Sergio Martinez , Manny Pacquiao , Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Saul Alvarez .

neg: Pedro Carrasco Pedro Carrasco ( 11 July 1943 -- 27 January 2001 ) was a Spanish boxer whose fame transcended the boxing ring . During the 1970s , he was a media darling in Spain .   Carrasco was crowned European Lightweight champion in 1967 . This triumph was followed four years later , in 1971 , with a victory over Mando Ramos in Madrid by disqualification in 11 rounds for the WBC 's world Lightweight title . The victory was marred by controversy because Carrasco won the title while lying on the canvas : he had been hit in the head by Ramos . The fight 's referee expressed confusion as to whether the blow was legal , but he decided to call it an illegal blow and raised Carrasco 's hand in signal of victory . Carrasco immediately became a national hero in Spain , as Spain 's first-ever world boxing champion .   Carrasco , who was a culturally educated fighter , became a sensation with the media , especially with tabloid magazines , and he started to be seen with Spanish show business stars . His picture appeared on the covers of such magazines as ¡ Hola ! many times . He married the singer Rocío Jurado , with whom he had a daughter , Rocío Carrasco . He was also married to Raquel Mosquera for five years .   In 1971 , and because of the controversial nature of his world championship win over Ramos , the WBC ordered a rematch , and it was fought in Los Angeles . There , Ramos beat Carrasco and retook title . They had another rematch , and Ramos beat Carrasco again .   Carrasco 's career boxing record was 106 -- 3 -- 2 ( 66 KOs ) . After beginning his career 12 -- 1 -- 1 , Carrasco had a streak on which he went 92 -- 0 -- 1 . The draw came after Carrasco had won 83 consecutive fights . This undefeated streak was longer than Julio César Chávez 's ( 90 -- 0 -- 1 ) . Chávez 's streak , however , was from the beginning of the career , and he was 87 -- 0 before the draw .   In 1983 , the WBC selected Carrasco in their list of 40 greatest boxers of the last 40 years . Carrasco 's death of a heart attack in 2001 caused shock in Spain , particularly because of his relatively young age , just 57 .

neg: Mayweather Promotions Mayweather Promotions , LLC is a boxing promotional firm founded by five-division world and eleven-time world champion Floyd Mayweather , Jr. in 2007 after a fallout with Bob Arum and Top Rank . Mayweather Promotions also promotes all forms of live entertainment including sporting events , live musical and theatrical events as well as film and television productions . Mayweather Promotions mainly co-promotes with rival firm Golden Boy Promotions . Leonard Ellerbe is the CEO .

neg: Davey Boy Smith David `` Davey Boy '' Smith ( 27 November 1962 -- 18 May 2002 ) was a British professional wrestler . Born in Golborne , Lancashire , Smith is best known for his appearances in the United States with the World Wrestling Federation under his own name and under the ring name The British Bulldog .   He was trained by Ted Betley in Winwick , England before relocating to Calgary , Alberta , Canada to further his training under Stu Hart . While training with Hart , Smith met Stu and Helen Hart 's youngest daughter Diana , whom he married in 1984 . One of their two children , Harry , is also a professional wrestler .   Smith won titles within the WWF in three decades , from the 1980s to the 2000s . Never a world champion , Smith nevertheless headlined multiple pay-per-view events in the WWF and WCW , in which he challenged for the WWF - and WCW World Heavyweight championships . He defeated Bret Hart for the WWF Intercontinental Championship in the main event of SummerSlam 1992 at London 's original Wembley Stadium ; he also has the distinction of being the inaugural and longest reigning WWF European Champion in a total of 206 days , and to have held the title on the sole occasion where a match for that championship headlined a pay-per-view event , at One Night Only in 1997 . Prior to finding singles success , Smith achieved stardom as one half of The British Bulldogs tag team , alongside the Dynamite Kid .

neg: Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao , billed as The Fight of the Century , or the Battle for Greatness , was a professional boxing match between undefeated five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. and eight-division world champion Manny Pacquiao . It took place on May 2 , 2015 , at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas , Nevada . Mayweather Jr. won the contest by unanimous decision , with two judges scoring it 116 -- 112 and the other 118 -- 110 . Although the fight was considered to be one of the most anticipated sporting events in history , it was largely considered a letdown by critics and audiences alike upon its broadcast .   Despite predictions that Mayweather -- Pacquiao would be the highest-grossing fight in history as early as 2009 , disagreements between the two professional boxers ' camps on terms for the fight prevented the bout from coming to fruition until 2015 . The failure to arrange the Mayweather -- Pacquiao fight was named the 2010 Event of the Year by The Ring . Serious negotiations were kickstarted in 2014 by an unlikely source : a Hollywood waiter and part-time actor made a key introduction between Pacquiao 's trainer and confidant Freddie Roach and CBS President Les Moonves , who both worked to facilitate the match . By 2015 , negotiations for the fight had been finalized , with all of the major issues that prevented the fight from happening in the past resolved , including purse split , drug testing , and location .   The fight was televised through a pay-per-view ( PPV ) jointly produced by HBO and Showtime , the respective rightsholders of Pacquiao and Mayweather . In the Philippines , the fight was also broadcast in simulcast across three of the country 's major broadcast television networks . The fight was expected to be the most lucrative in the history of professional boxing : with an initial estimate of 4.4 million purchases , the PPV alone broke revenue records in the U.S. with $ 410 million in revenue , making it the highest-grossing PPV in history , surpassing Mayweather -- Álvarez in 2013 . By September 2015 , the figure had been amended to 4.6 million . The broadcast of the fight in the Philippines was watched by nearly half the country 's households . Due to the record high price of the PPV , the fight was also widely broadcast through unauthorized online streams on services such as Periscope .   Despite the large amount of hype that surrounded it , critics felt that the bout itself was disappointing , primarily citing Mayweather 's defense-oriented strategy in the ring and Pacquaio 's difficulty in landing punches on Mayweather . This had led to some critics re-labelling the fight ` Better Never Than Late ' rather than ` The Fight of the Century ' . It was later revealed following the event that Pacquiao had sustained an undisclosed injury to his right shoulder while training , and that while it had healed in time for the fight , he re-injured it during the 4th round . Further controversy emerged when it was alleged that prior to the fight , Mayweather had been administered IV fluids cleared by the United States Anti-Doping Agency through a retroactive `` therapeutic use exemption '' -- an exemption , however , not authorized by the Nevada State Athletic Commission .

neg: Jack Solomons Jack Solomons OBE ( December 1900 -- 8 December 1979 ) was a British boxing promoter who has been called `` one of the greatest boxing promoters in history '' and `` England 's greatest boxing impresario '' .   Solomons was born in Petticoat Lane in the East End of London . He began promoting boxing in London during the 1930s . He took over operations at the Devonshire Club in Hackney , but that club was destroyed in the bombing of 1940 . Later , his base of operations was his gymnasium located at 41 Great Windmill Street in Soho .   His first great success came when he put together a match between Jack London and Bruce Woodcock for the British heavyweight title . He was involved in many major British boxing promotions involving Woodcock , Freddie Mills , and Randolph Turpin during those years . He promoted the bout between Turpin and Sugar Ray Robinson when Robinson lost his middleweight world title in 1951 . He was particularly associated with promoting boxing matches at Harringay Arena in north London . In all , he promoted 26 world title fights . He also promoted Henry Cooper 's 1963 bout with Muhammad Ali ( but not their 1966 rematch ) . He was appointed OBE in the 1978 New Year Honours .   Solomons died in 1979 and was inducted to the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1995 .

neg: Boxing in Wales Boxing is a popular sport in Wales , and since the early 20th century Wales has produced a notable number of professional boxers including several World Champions . The most notable boxers include Wales ' first World Champion Percy Jones ; Jimmy Wilde , who is seen as pound-for-pound one of the World 's finest boxers and Joe Calzaghe , who ended his career an undefeated World Champion .

neg: George Foster (boxer) George Foster ( born in Cincinnati , Ohio ) was an American amateur champion and professional boxer .

neg: Miguel Cotto vs. DeMarcus Corley The Cotto vs. Corley fight was a bout held in Bayamón , Puerto Rico , on February 26 , 2005 . It was for Miguel Cotto 's WBO world Jr. . Welterweight title , and it pitted him against former world champion Demarcus Corley .   Much expectation preceded the fight , which was sponsored in Puerto Rico by DirecTV . The then recently inaugurated Tren Urbano had to be specially abilitated for this fight , as fans had overcrowded the parking area with their cars the last time Cotto had a fight in Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rican tourism department saw this event as a perfect occasion to demonstrate the new railway 's conveniences to fans across the island . Cotto participated in a ceremonial trip from a station near José Miguel Agrelot coliseum in San Juan to the fight 's venue , Bayamón 's Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum .   Corley , meanwhile , arrived in Puerto Rico on Wednesday , February 23 . According to El Vocero , the newspaper that interviewed the former world champion on arrival at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport , Corley showed confidence and kept smiling , but predicted a unanimous decision win , which is somewhat uncommon among boxers , as they usually predict knockout wins .   Corley trained the last few days before the fight at the same gymnasium that Edwin Rosario used during Rosario 's prime .   The fight was broadcast to the United States live on HBO Boxing 's `` Boxing After Dark '' leg . Cotto wore trunks that had the flags of every Hispanic country .   About half a minute into the fight , Corley went down from a right cross to the head . He was rocked often the rest of the first round , but he was able to stay on his feet .   Cotto kept hitting Corley with stamina-reducing shots to the body and the head in round two , but he lost a point , when , without any previous warnings , referee Ismael Quinones Falu deducted it from the scorecards after Corley complained that Cotto had hurt him on the crotch area . It was a somewhat unusual move by the referee : usually they give boxers a number of warnings before actually deducting a point for illegal fighting tactics .   In the third round , Corley hit Cotto flush with a right hand to the chin , and Cotto , who was arguably having the worst round of his career , almost fell . Corley mounted an attack , pinning Cotto against the ropes for most of the round . Cotto was then suddenly struck by a low blow himself , and he went to the floor . The referee gave him time to recover , but did not take any points away from Corley . Towards the end of the round , both fighters engaged in an exchange of powerful lefts , with Cotto 's barely missing Corley 's body , but Corley 's getting Cotto on the head and sending him to the ropes again .   Having recuperated in between rounds , Cotto picked up the fight 's momentum again in round four , using his jab , and then connecting with various combinations towards the end of the round .   By round five , Cotto sported a cut inside his nose and he also had a swollen eye . Corley looked like he had taken tremendous punishment as well ; he looked tired and his face looked like it had a few small cuts too .   Cotto , who , by the way , weighed 157 pounds ( 71 kg ) on HBO 's weight balance on the day of the fight compared to Corley 's 140 pounds ( 63.5 kg ) , pinned Corley against the ropes . A combination of punches to the body and head sent Corley down for a second time . Corley got up and tried to weather the storm by fighting back , but he was taking a lot of punishment as he decided to go down to one knee in order to take a rest . The third knockdown , however , would become the subject of a small controversy , as , instead of counting on Corley , Quinones Falu decided to stop the fight at that moment , giving Cotto the victory by a fifth round technical knockout . After the stoppage , Corley reacted with a menacing look towards the referee , but no action was taken by him against Quinones Falu .   HBO 's instant replays showed that none of the punches that Cotto threw before Corley decided to take a knee had actually landed . Nevertheless , since Corley 's third visit to the canvas happened after Corley took a conscious decision to fall in order to take the extra rest , boxing rules dictated that it had to be counted as a knockdown .   Soon after the fight was stopped , HBO analizers were quick to signal the result as a `` hometown stoppage '' , specially Larry Merchant . But their claims were quickly countered by Corley himself , who admitted to going down for the third time as a strategy to avoid further punishment from Cotto and maybe buy himself more fight time .   After the fight , both fighters agreed that they should have a rematch .   Category : Boxing fights  Category :2005 in boxing  Category : Boxing in Puerto Rico  Category : Sports in Bayamón , Puerto Rico  Category :2005 in Puerto Rican sport

neg: Bare Knuckle Boxing Hall of Fame The Bare Knuckle Boxing Hall of Fame is a museum and hall of fame in Belfast , New York , dedicated to the sport of bare-knuckle boxing . It is housed in barns that were once owned by the Greco-Roman wrestling champion and physical culture pioneer William Muldoon . The heavyweight boxing champion John L. Sullivan , who fought in both bare-knuckled and gloved boxing contests , trained in these barns under Muldoon 's guidance for his championship bout against Jake Kilrain in 1889 . The barns were originally across Main Street from their current location , on the grounds of the Belfast United Methodist Church . They were bought , moved , and restored by Scott Burt when the church became no longer interested in maintaining them . Burt opened the Hall of Fame in 2009 , when it had its first induction class .   The Hall of Fame houses plaques and memorabilia associated with bare-knuckle boxers that have been inducted to the Hall of Fame , as well as exhibits devoted to the general history of bare-knuckle boxing . Each year 's induction class includes bare-knuckle boxers from the classic era , modern bare-knuckle boxers , and honorary inductees .   The Hall of Fame also serves as a memorial to Sullivan 's training camp with Muldoon , a number of relics of which have survived the lengthy period when the barns sat unused . These include a likely ceiling mount for Sullivan 's heavy bag , the slatted area of flooring on which Sullivan stood for gravity showers after training , and the `` room of repose '' in which Sullivan and Muldoon relaxed and discussed strategy in the evenings , which includes some of Muldoon 's original furniture . Sullivan and Muldoon 's use of this training camp was documented by the celebrated reporter Nellie Bly , in an article she wrote for the New York World .

neg: Gatekeeper (boxing) In boxing , kickboxing and mixed martial arts , a gatekeeper is a skillful and well-regarded fighter , but one who does not have the popularity or brilliance of a title contender . They are considered to be a cut above most journeymen . A gatekeeper will often have an impressive record in terms of wins versus losses but will have a difficult time getting people behind them and especially obtaining promotion . An example from boxing is heavyweight New Yorker Monte Barrett , known for having tough matches with popular heavyweight stars yet failing to obtain the main title himself for a long time despite his best efforts .

neg: GB Amateur Boxing Championships The GB Amateur Boxing Championships is an amateur boxing tournament , founded in 2010 , in which boxers from England , Scotland and Wales compete over a two-day period . It is hosted by the British Amateur Boxing Association ( BABA ) , which was established in October 2008 .

neg: Roy Jones Jr. Roy Levesta Jones Jr. ( born January 16 , 1969 ) is an American professional boxer , boxing commentator , boxing trainer , rapper , and actor who holds dual American and Russian citizenship . He is a former six-time , four-weight world champion , having held titles at middleweight , super middleweight , light heavyweight , and heavyweight , and is the only boxer in history to start his professional career as a light middleweight and go on to win a heavyweight title . As an amateur he represented the United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics , winning a silver medal in the light middleweight division .   Jones , who is considered by many to be one of the best boxers of all time , pound for pound , left his mark in the sport 's history when he won the WBA heavyweight title in 2003 , becoming the first former middleweight champion to win a heavyweight title in 106 years . He also became the undisputed light heavyweight champion in 1999 , by unifying the WBA , WBC , and IBF titles . During his prime , Jones was known for possessing exceptional hand speed , athleticism , movement and reflexes .   The Boxing Writers Association of America ( BWAA ) named Jones as the Fighter of the Decade for the 1990s . He was also named Fighter of the Year for 2003 by the World Boxing Hall of Fame , and is a three-time winner of the Best Boxer ESPY Award ( 1996 , 2000 , and 2003 ) .

neg: List of British middleweight boxing champions List of British middleweight boxing champions is a table showing the boxers who have won the British middleweight championship . The title has been sanctioned by the National Sporting Club since 1909 , and later by its replacement the British Boxing Board of Control since 1929 .   A champion may retire or voluntarily relinquish the title in order to fight for a higher-ranked championship . Where a champion relinquished the title , the date of his final defence is shown with `` ( rel ) '' after it . If he did not defend his title , then `` ( rel ) '' is shown after the date at which he won the title .

neg: Roberto Durán Roberto Durán Samaniego ( born June 16 , 1951 ) is a Panamanian former professional boxer who competed from 1968 to 2001 . Widely regarded as one of the greatest boxers of all time , Durán was a versatile brawler and in-fighter in the ring , which earned him the nickname of `` Manos de Piedra '' ( `` Hands of Stone '' ) for his devastating punching power . He is a four-weight world champion , having held titles at lightweight ( 1972 -- 1979 ) , welterweight ( 1980 ) , light middleweight ( 1983 -- 1984 ) , and middleweight ( 1989 ) , as well as reigns as the undisputed and lineal lightweight champion ( 1978 -- 1979 ) , and the lineal welterweight champion ( 1980 ) . He is also the second boxer to have competed over a span of five decades , the first being Jack Johnson .   In 2002 , Durán was voted by The Ring magazine as the fifth greatest fighter of the last 80 years , while boxing historian Bert Sugar rated him as the eighth greatest fighter of all time . The Associated Press voted him as the best lightweight of the 20th century , with many considering him the greatest lightweight of all time . Durán finally retired in January 2002 at age 50 ( having previously retired in 1998 ) following a bad car crash in October 2001 , with an epic professional record of 119 fights , 103 wins , and 70 knockouts . Up until his fight with Wilfred Benítez in 1982 , he was trained by legendary boxing trainer Ray Arcel .

neg: Dan McLeod (wrestler) Daniel Stewart McLeod ( June 14 , 1861 -- June 20 , 1958 ) was a Scottish catch wrestler of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century , who held the American Heavyweight Championship twice . He worked as a miner in Nanaimo , British Columbia and wrestled his first match in 1889 , winning the Pacific Coast heavyweight championship that same year .   On October 26 , 1897 , McLeod defeated Martin Burns to win the American Heavyweight Championship , which he would retain for four years . The most notable incident during his reign as champion came far away from the media spotlight when on June 18 , 1899 , McLeod met and defeated a young Frank Gotch in a hard-fought impromptu match on a cinder track . It was Gotch 's very first professional match and he later recounted that McLeod had hustled all involved by pretending to be a simple furniture dealer from a neighboring town , but was sufficiently impressed by Gotch 's talent to leave him a visiting card revealing his true identity . Gotch would go on to defeat McLeod on multiple occasions after much training under Martin `` Farmer '' Burns . McLeod occasionally used the `` catch name '' alias George Little .   McLeod 's reign as champion came to an end on November 7 , 1901 , when he was defeated by Tom Jenkins . Amid a series of rematches between the two men , McLeod recaptured the title on Christmas Day 1902 but lost it to Jenkins the following April .   After retirement , McLeod worked as a wrestling instructor at the Los Angeles Athletic Club .

neg: List of WBC world champions This is a list of WBC world champions , showing every world champion certificated by the World Boxing Council ( WBC ) . The WBC is one of the four major governing bodies in professional boxing , and certifies world champions in 10 different weight classes . In 1963 , the year of its foundation , the WBC inaugurated titles in all divisions with the exception of light flyweight , super flyweight , super bantamweight , super middleweight and cruiserweight , which were inaugurated in the subsequent decades . The most recent title inaugurated by the WBC is in the minimumweight ( also called strawweight ) division in 1987 .

neg: Wilfredo Gómez Wilfredo Gómez Rivera ( -LSB- wilˈfɾeðo ˈɣomes -RSB- ; born October 29 , 1956 ) , sometimes referred to as Bazooka Gómez , is a Puerto Rican former professional boxer and three-time world champion . He is frequently mentioned among the best Puerto Rican boxers of all time by sports journalists and analysts , along with Félix Trinidad , Miguel Cotto , Wilfred Benítez , Esteban De Jesús , Edwin Rosario , and Carlos Ortíz . His seventeen consecutive knockouts in championship defenses is a record for all boxing divisions .

neg: Darrin Morris Darrin Morris ( June 15 , 1966 -- October 1 , 2000 ) was an American super middleweight boxer , nicknamed `` The Mongoose '' .   Morris was born in Detroit and died in West Palm Beach . He once was a sparring partner for Sugar Ray Leonard , and he achieved a professional record of 28-2-1 with 18 KOs .   The World Boxing Organization ( WBO ) twice moved Morris up in its super-middleweight rankings in 2001 , despite the fact that he had died of HIV-related meningitis the previous October , aged 34 . Morris was ranked # 7 at the time of his death and # 5 when the WBO discovered the error . WBO president Francisco Varcarcel said , `` We obviously missed the fact that Darrin was dead . It is regrettable . '' One week after British newspaper The Independent broke the story , one of the three men ranking the boxers , Gordon Volkman , still had not heard that Morris was dead . In addition , Morris had only fought once in the three years before his death , beating a boxer with only 17 wins out of 81 fights .