query: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released on November 18, 2016 in America.

pos: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film) Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series , it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling , in her screenwriting debut , and inspired by her book of the same name . Set in 1926 New York , the film stars Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander with Katherine Waterston , Dan Fogler , Alison Sudol , Ezra Miller , Samantha Morton , Jon Voight , Carmen Ejogo , Ron Perlman and Colin Farrell in supporting roles . It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series , and the ninth overall in J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World , the franchise that began with the Harry Potter films .   Principal photography began at Warner Bros. . Studios , Leavesden , England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016 . Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D , IMAX 4K Laser and other large format cinemas . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 814 million worldwide , making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016 .   The film was nominated for five BAFTAs , winning for Best Production Design , as well as two Academy Awards , winning Best Costume Design , becoming the first film in J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World to win an Academy Award .

neg: Ouija: Origin of Evil Ouija : Origin of Evil is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed and edited by Mike Flanagan and written by Flanagan and Jeff Howard . The film is a prequel to the 2014 film Ouija and stars Elizabeth Reaser , Annalise Basso , Lulu Wilson , Parker Mack , Doug Jones and Henry Thomas . Unlike its predecessor , the film 's plot focuses on a widow and her family adding a Ouija board to their phony seance business where , unbeknownst to them , they invite a spirit that possesses the youngest daughter .   The film was released on October 21 , 2016 by Universal Studios , grossing over $ 81 million . The film received positive reviews , with many praising it as a significant improvement over its predecessor .

neg: Pet (film) Pet is an American/Spanish psychological thriller film written by Jeremy Slater , directed by Carles Torrens , and starring Dominic Monaghan , Ksenia Solo , Jennette McCurdy , and Nathan Parsons . The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2016 and was released to theaters on December 2 , 2016 .

neg: Megadimension Neptunia VII is a Japanese role-playing game in the Hyperdimension Neptunia series of role-playing games , for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows . It was released in Japan on April 23 , 2015 , North American territories on February 2 , 2016 , European territories on February 12 , 2016 and the Windows version was released on July 5 , 2016 .

neg: Looking for America Tour The Looking for America Tour is a concert tour by American alternative rock bands Switchfoot and Relient K in support of their albums Where the Light Shines Through and Air for Free . The co-headlining tour is set to span 44 dates across the United States from September through November 2016 .

neg: Deals with Our Devils `` Deals with Our Devils '' is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement , and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his allies , who are trapped between dimensions . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by DJ Doyle , and directed by Jesse Bochco .   Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Henry Simmons , and John Hannah .   `` Deals with Our Devils '' originally aired on ABC on November 29 , 2016 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.63 million viewers within a week of its release .

neg: Hunter × Hunter is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Togashi . It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine and journal since March 3 , 1998 , although the manga has frequently gone on extended hiatuses since 2006 . As of June 2016 , 350 chapters have been collected into 33 volumes by Shueisha . The story focuses on a young boy named Gon Freecss , who discovers that his father , who he was told was dead , is actually alive and a world-renowned Hunter , a licensed profession for those who specialize in fantastic pursuits such as locating rare or unidentified animal species , treasure hunting , surveying unexplored enclaves , or hunting down lawless individuals . Despite being abandoned by his father , Gon departs upon a journey to follow in his footsteps , pass the rigorous Hunter Examination , and eventually find his father . Along the way , Gon meets various other Hunters and also encounters the paranormal . The original inspiration for the manga came from Togashi 's own collecting hobby .   In 1999 , Hunter × Hunter was adapted into a 62-episode anime television series produced by Nippon Animation and directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi . The show premiered on Japan 's Fuji TV and ran until 2001 . Three separate original video animations ( OVAs ) totaling 30 episodes were subsequently produced by Nippon Animation and released in Japan from 2002 to 2004 . A second anime television series by Madhouse aired on Nippon Television from October 2011 to September 2014 , with two animated theatrical films released in 2013 . There are also numerous audio albums , video games , musicals , and other media based on Hunter × Hunter . The manga has been translated into English and released in North America by Viz Media since April 2005 . Both television series were also licensed by Viz , with the first series having aired on the Funimation Channel in 2009 and the second series premiering on Adult Swim 's Toonami block since April 16 , 2016 .   Hunter × Hunter has been a huge critical and financial success and has become one of Shueisha 's best-selling manga series , having sold 66 million copies in Japan alone as of 2014 .

neg: Barbie: Star Light Adventure Barbie : Star Light Adventure is a 2016 animated film and the second film in the fourth season of films in the Barbie film series . The movie was given a limited theatrical release in July 30 , 2016 and was released to home video in September 13 , 2016 .   Mattel has released a toy line , a story book , and a comic , based on the film .

neg: Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves .   Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas .   Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .

neg: List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication .   Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings :   Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books .   On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 .   In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .

neg: Buddymoon Buddymoon ( previously known as Honey Buddies ) is a 2016 American independent comedy film directed by Alex Simmons ; written by Simmons , Flula Borg , and David Giuntoli ; and starring Borg and Giuntoli . It is the story of a former child actor ( Giuntoli ) whose fiancée leaves him days before their wedding . In an effort to cheer him up , his best friend and would-be best man ( Borg ) convinces him that the two of them should go on the planned honeymoon trip together .   Buddymoon premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival in Park City , Utah on January 23 , 2016 and received their Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature . It also appeared , among other places , at the Florida Film Festival , where it also won the Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature , and it was the opening film for the Ashland ( Oregon ) Independent Film Festival . In March 2016 , worldwide distribution rights to the film were acquired by Gravitas Ventures and Orion Pictures . Its theatrical and home video release was on July 1 , 2016 .

neg: List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire .   The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release .   Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year .   The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .

neg: Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star .   Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .

neg: The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home .   The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures .   The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .

neg: 2016 in film 2016 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and deaths .

neg: Dragon Blade (film) Dragon Blade is a 2015 Chinese-Hong Kong historical action film written and directed by Daniel Lee and starring Jackie Chan . In the film , Chan plays Huo An , the commander of the Protection Squad of the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty . Dragon Blade was released in IMAX 3D on 19 February 2015 , the first day of the Chinese New Year holiday period . The film was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 by Lionsgate Premiere .

neg: Deadman Apocalypse Deadman Apocalypse is a 2016 science fiction film .

neg: Phantom Detective Phantom Detective ( ; lit . Detective Hong Gil-Dong : Disappeared Village ) is a 2016 South Korean film noir comedy action film directed and written by Jo Sung-hee . Its central protagonist is a modern iteration of the classic Korean folk hero Hong Gildong . It was released in South Korea on May 4 , 2016 . It was released in U.S. and Canada on 20 May 2016 .

neg: Colleen Atwood Colleen Atwood ( born September 25 , 1948 ) is an American costume designer .   Atwood has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design twelve times , winning four times ; for the films Chicago ( 2002 ) , Memoirs of a Geisha ( 2005 ) , Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) , and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) . Atwood has collaborated several times with directors Tim Burton , Rob Marshall and Jonathan Demme .

neg: Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California .   The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .


query: Don Henley has released a live DVD.

pos: Don Henley Donald Hugh `` Don '' Henley ( born July 22 , 1947 ) is an American singer-songwriter , producer , and drummer , best known as a founding member of the Eagles before launching a successful solo career . Henley was the drummer and co-lead singer for the Eagles from 1971 to 1980 , when the band broke up , and from 1994 to 2016 , when they reunited . Henley sang the lead vocals on Eagles hits such as `` Witchy Woman '' , `` Desperado '' , `` Best of My Love '' , `` One of These Nights '' , `` Hotel California '' , `` Life in the Fast Lane '' , `` The Long Run '' and `` Get Over It '' .   After the Eagles broke up in 1980 , Henley pursued a solo career and released his debut album I Ca n't Stand Still , in 1982 . He has released five studio albums , two compilation albums , and one live DVD . His solo hits include `` Dirty Laundry '' , `` The Boys of Summer '' , `` All She Wants to Do Is Dance '' , `` The Heart of the Matter '' , `` The Last Worthless Evening '' , `` Sunset Grill '' , `` Not Enough Love in the World '' , and `` The End of the Innocence '' .   The Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide , won six Grammy Awards , had five No. 1 singles , 17 Top 40 singles , and six No. 1 albums . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 and are the biggest selling American band in history . As a solo artist , Henley has sold over 10 million albums worldwide , had eight Top 40 singles , won two Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards . Combined with the Eagles and as a solo artist , Henley has released 25 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He has also released seven studio albums with the Eagles and four as a solo artist . In 2008 , he was ranked as the 87th greatest singer of all time by the Rolling Stone magazine .   Henley has also played a founding role in several environmental and political causes , most notably the Walden Woods Project . From 1994 to 2016 , he divided his musical activities between the Eagles and his solo career .

neg: Actual Miles: Henley's Greatest Hits Actual Miles : Henley 's Greatest Hits is the first greatest hits compilation album by American singer-songwriter Don Henley , released in 1995 . The album was the first compilation album released by Henley and it covered hits from all three of his solo albums throughout the 1980s . The album features three new songs , `` The Garden of Allah '' , `` You Do n't Know Me At All '' , and Henley 's cover of `` Everybody Knows '' . The collection peaked at # 48 on the charts and reached platinum status . `` The Garden Of Allah '' reached # 16 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart .

neg: One Live Night One Live Night is a 1995 semi-acoustic live album by heavy metal band Dokken . The reunited Dokken recorded the album during their 1995 tour . The album went virtually unheard at the time of its release . Released at the time when grunge and alternative rock were dominating mainstream rock music , MTV had no interest in featuring glam metal acts ; so Dokken decided to do their own `` unplugged '' album . This intimate performance included versions of `` Tooth and Nail '' , `` Into the Fire '' and `` Alone Again '' , as well as covers of the Beatles ' `` Nowhere Man '' and Emerson , Lake & Palmer 's `` From the Beginning '' .   One Live Night was also released on VHS and later DVD .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: One Night Only (video) One Night Only is a DVD of Ricky Martin 's live performance that was released in the United States in December 1999 . It was certified Platinum by the RIAA on May 31 , 2000 .

neg: Greatest Hits 1978–1997 Greatest Hits DVD 1978-1997 - Music Videos and Live Performances is the second DVD by the American rock band Journey , released in 2003 . It contains music videos and live performances of songs from the band 's history with longtime lead vocalist Steve Perry , who left the band in 1998 . It is Journey 's best selling concert video going 4 × Multi-Platinum since its 2003 release .

neg: Live at Watkins Glen Live at Watkins Glen is a 1995 album by the Band , presented by Capitol Records ( without the band 's involvement ) as a live album from the Summer Jam at Watkins Glen rock festival held outside Watkins Glen , New York , on July 28 , 1973 in front of 600,000 people . Garth Hudson 's organ solo , `` Too Wet to Work '' , and the plainly titled `` Jam '' come from the actual Watkins Glen concert , as does the introduction of the group by Bill Graham . The former track appears on the out-of-print 1994 box set Across The Great Divide , but the latter track is only present on the Watkins Glen disc . Other than those two tracks , the remainder of the tracks are actually outtakes from various studio sessions by the Band with overdubbed crowd noise to create the impression that the material was recorded at the Watkins Glen concert . `` Back to Memphis '' and `` Endless Highway '' are available on the 2001 re-release of Moondog Matinee , without the crowd overdubs . The rest of the tracks are available on the 2001 two-CD re-release of Rock of Ages as `` previously unavailable '' tracks , with the exception of `` Do n't Ya Tell Henry '' , which is replaced with an alternate cut featuring Bob Dylan .   The true background of the album was revealed in the liner notes of the remastered Moondog Matinee CD . The following quote is from the 2001 liner notes , `` Chuck Berry 's Going Back To Memphis , on the other hand , was completed and ready for inclusion on the album Moondog Matinee but ended up being shelved in favor of Promised Land . This version has been released before complete with overdubbed audience sounds as the opening track on the fraudulent Live at Watkins Glen CD . No one in the Band was connected with that particular release which had been originally mastered sometime in the late 1970s or early 1980s , although not released until 1995 . The outtake of Endless Highway included here , which was recorded sometime between Cahoots and Moondog Matinee , was similarly included on the Watkins Glen CD with overdubbed audience . ''

neg: The Last Great Traffic Jam The Last Great Traffic Jam is a live album and DVD from the rock band Traffic . The album was recorded from the 1994 Traffic reunion concert tour .

neg: Deep Purple in Concert Deep Purple in Concert is a live album by the English hard rock band Deep Purple , recorded by the BBC for their `` In Concert '' live series in 1970 and 1972 . First released in 1980 in the UK , with the current US edition being made available in 2001 .

neg: Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971 Live at Royal Albert Hall is a live album by the American rock band The Byrds , released in 2008 on Sundazed Records . The album consists of recordings from the band 's appearance at the Royal Albert Hall in London , England on May 13 , 1971 . Although the tapes had been in lead guitarist Roger McGuinn 's possession since the concert took place , the album represents the first official release of all tracks . In addition to the regular CD release , Live at Royal Albert Hall 1971 was also released as a double album vinyl LP .

neg: Live from London (Bon Jovi) Live From London is a live concert video from the American rock band Bon Jovi . It was the band 's first concert video and was shot at Wembley Stadium on June 25 , 1995 in front of 72,000 fans on the These Days Tour . Directed by David Mallet and produced by Andy Picheta , the release shows Bon Jovi performing some of their staple live hits , and also some songs from their album These Days . The approximate running time is 90 minutes , as some songs from the concert were cut from this release . For the production , Mallett and Picheta earned a nomination for Best Long Form Music Video at the 39th Annual Grammy Awards .   The last track `` These Days '' is a music video featuring concert clips rather than a live performance .

neg: Live at Donington (AC/DC album) Live at Donington is the DVD recording of the AC/DC show at Donington Park on 17 August 1991 , and it was the band 's third Monsters of Rock festival . The two-hour show was performed before 72,500 spectators and included real cannons , the Hells Bell , an inflatable Rosie and an inflatable Angus . It was filmed in 35 mm Panavision and had 26 cameras that included one situated inside a helicopter . The DVD includes special features such as stereo and 5.1 surround sound , Iso-cam versions of certain songs for different band members , and audio commentary from Angus and Malcolm Young .   Another option allows the viewer to focus on just one member for the length of a song . This option is available for Angus Young on `` Thunderstruck '' , `` Back in Black '' , and `` Highway to Hell '' . The option is offered for Malcolm Young on `` T.N.T. '' , Brian Johnson on `` Whole Lotta Rosie '' and Cliff Williams `` Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap '' . One other feature is a full catalogue discography with audio interview of all international albums .   Despite the commercial success of the DVD , many hardcore fans were disappointed that the audio was fixed , with many differences than the original video , though the DVD officially released in Brazil still has original audio . Tracks from Live at Donington on AC/DC Live have the original audio .

neg: Plays Live Plays Live is the first live and fifth album overall released by the English rock musician Peter Gabriel . This album was originally released as a double album and longplay cassette in 1983 , with sixteen songs . It was re-released in 1985 , as a single CD version called Plays Live ( Highlights ) with only twelve songs , some of which are edited from their full-length versions , so that the album could fit on a single CD . It was eventually re-released in its entirety as a double CD set in 1987 . In 2002 , a remastered version of the Highlights version was re-released .   `` Plays Live '' concerts were recorded at :   Braden Auditorium , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois , 3 December 1982  Memorial Hall , Kansas City , Kansas , 4 December 1982  Evans Field House , Northern Illinois University , Dekalb , Illinois , 6 December 1982  SIU Arena , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois , 7 December 1982   Liner notes by `` the producers '' admit , `` Although this album was compiled from four concerts in the mid-West of the United States , some additional recording took place not a thousand miles away from the home of the artist . The generic term of this process is ` cheating ' . Care has been taken to keep the essence of the gigs intact , including ` human imperfection ' . ''   The album 's one previously unreleased song , `` I Go Swimming , '' received airplay and made the US charts in 1983 . ( The song was initially performed by Gabriel during his 1980 world tour , in support of his third album . ) `` I Do n't Remember '' was issued as a single , with an accompanying music video , in the US as well .

neg: Kiss Rocks Vegas Kiss Rocks Vegas is a live album and DVD/Blu-ray Disc by the American hard rock band Kiss released on August 26 , 2016 . The album was recorded from November 5 -- 23 , 2014 during the band 's residency at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino ( Las Vegas ) during their 40th anniversary tour .   Kiss Rocks Vegas was released in cinemas worldwide on May 25 , 2016 , and later released on pay-per-view on June 14 , 2016 .

neg: Live from Dallas Live From Dallas is a live DVD released by Christian rock band Stavesacre in 2005 . It features tracks that were on the EP Live From Deep Ellum . The DVD features a live concert that lasts about sixty minutes , followed by band interviews . The concert begins with the band briefly covering the track `` Tannhäuser / Derivè '' by the band Refused .

neg: Tangerine Tree Tangerine Tree was a fan project operating from 2002 through 2006 with the goal of collecting , preserving and distributing unreleased concerts and other audio material by the band Tangerine Dream . The creators of the Tangerine Tree project received permission from Tangerine Dream to release the collection on a strict non-profit basis . Several of the Tangerine Tree volumes have been used as the basis for official Tangerine Dream releases . The project collected just under 300 hours of material ( 291:39:26 ) .   Material was collected from audience recordings , soundboard recordings , recordings of radio and TV transmissions and in some cases the purchase of studio masters . Only recordings of a high quality and a unique nature were considered for the core Tangerine Tree volumes . These recordings were professionally re-mastered and released on CD-R and accompanied by high quality artwork for the CD labels and case liners .   Tangerine Leaves releases were based on material that did not meet the quality standards of the Tangerine Tree or from concerts that were not considered notable among a series of concerts . If a better source was found , a Tangerine Leaves volume might have been deprecated and replaced by a Tangerine Tree volume . Starting from 1980 , the music played during each of the shows in a single Tangerine Dream concert tour were very similar , so it was impractical to release many volumes of the Tangerine Tree with similar content .   Audio DVD Tree volumes consisted of about two sets of the Tangerine Tree volumes on a DVD that played to a slideshow of the CD artwork . These releases were standard DVDs with a menu structure and were available in both PAL and NTSC versions .

neg: Berth (album) Berth is a live CD/DVD by American rock band The Used that was released on February 6 , 2007 . It has since been certified gold .

neg: VH1 Storytellers: Johnny Cash & Willie Nelson VH1 Storytellers is the 83rd overall album and is a live album by Johnny Cash and Willie Nelson , released in 1998 ( see 1998 in music ) on American Recordings . The album was produced by Rick Rubin and was the third record released as part of Cash 's ten-year period of collaboration with Rubin . It is not , however , counted as part of the American Recordings series , which is reserved for Cash 's studio work with Rubin .   Cash and Nelson take turns on songs associated with each respective artist , usually with the other performing harmony or occasionally verses . The opening track is a duet with Cash and Nelson , and some tracks feature guitar solos by Nelson . Between tracks , Cash and Nelson joke with each other and discuss the songs and their origins .   This was the final album of new performances released by Cash prior to the onset of health problems that forced him to curtail live concerts also led to changes in the timbre of his voice that were noticeable from American III : Solitary Man ( his next album release of new recordings issued in 2000 ) onwards . It was also Cash 's final purpose-recorded live album to be released during his lifetime , though an archival recording , Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden , recorded in 1969 , would be issued a year before his death .

neg: Ultimate Live Ultimate Live is a DVD by Pulp featuring two concerts , one from 1995 and the other one from 1998 . Both concerts had been previously released separately on VHS .

neg: The King Will Come The King Will Come is a live album by rock band Wishbone Ash .

neg: Amazing (Aerosmith song) `` Amazing '' is a power ballad performed by the American hard rock band Aerosmith . Don Henley lends his vocals shadowing lead singer Steven Tyler in parts of this song . It was written by Tyler and a longtime band friend and collaborator Richie Supa . It peaked at # 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 , # 3 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , and # 9 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart , and # 57 in the UK .   On the album Get a Grip , as soon as the song ends , a radio is heard being tuned into a recording of `` Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well '' , recorded by Lucky Millinder . Tyler says , `` So from all of us at Aerosmith to all of you out there , wherever you are , remember : the light at the end of the tunnel may be you . Good night . '' Millinder 's orchestra plays as the music fades out .


query: Jack Reacher (film) was directed by a director.

pos: Jack Reacher (film) th : Jack Reacher ยอดคนสืบระห่ำ   Jack Reacher ( formerly called One Shot , or alternatively known as Jack Reacher : One Shot ) is a 2012 American action thriller film written and directed by Christopher McQuarrie , based on Lee Child 's 2005 novel One Shot . The film stars Tom Cruise as the title character , with Rosamund Pike , David Oyelowo , Richard Jenkins , Jai Courtney , Werner Herzog and Robert Duvall also starring . The film entered production in October 2011 , and concluded in January 2012 . It was filmed entirely on location in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . It received generally positive reviews and performed well at the box office .   The film was released in North America on December 21 . The musical score was composed by Joe Kraemer , performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony and recorded at the Sony Scoring Stage in Culver City , California . Cruise performed all of his own driving stunts during the film 's signature car chase sequence . Cruise reprised his role in the sequel , Jack Reacher : Never Go Back , based on the 2013 novel Never Go Back , which was released in October 2016 .

pos: Christopher McQuarrie Christopher McQuarrie ( born June 12 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , director and producer . A regular collaborator of director Bryan Singer , he co-wrote the screenplay of Singer 's Public Access , wrote the screenplay for The Usual Suspects , co-wrote and produced Valkyrie and co-wrote Jack the Giant Slayer and Edge of Tomorrow .   McQuarrie won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for The Usual Suspects . McQuarrie wrote and directed The Way of the Gun , Jack Reacher and directed Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation , his fourth collaboration with actor and producer Tom Cruise , after Valkyrie , Jack Reacher and Edge of Tomorrow . He also created the 2010 NBC television series Persons Unknown .

neg: Adam Davenport Adam Davenport ( born May 27 , 1984 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , stage actor and music producer .

neg: James O'Brien (filmmaker) James Edward O'Brien ( born December 6 , 1969 ) is an American independent film director , screenwriter and producer .

neg: Dwight H. Little Dwight Hubbard Little ( born January 13 , 1956 in Cleveland , Ohio ) is an American film and television director , known for directing the films Marked for Death , Rapid Fire , Free Willy 2 : The Adventure Home , Murder at 1600 and Halloween 4 : The Return of Michael Myers . He has also directed several episodes of acclaimed television series such as 24 , Prison Break , Dollhouse , Bones and Nikita .

neg: Stuart Urban Stuart Urban ( born 1958 ) is a British film and television director .

neg: Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .

neg: Robert Kramer Robert Kramer ( June 22 , 1939 -- November 10 , 1999 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He directed 19 films between 1965 and 1999 , most of them political cinema made from a left-wing point of view . His film À toute allure was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Gary King (director) Gary R. King ( born November 15 , 1972 ) is an American director and writer .

neg: Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Hoffman ( -LSB- ˈjɛʐɨ ˈxɔfman -RSB- ; born March 15 , 1932 ) is a Polish film director and screenwriter .

neg: Mark Frost Mark Frost ( born November 25 , 1953 ) is an American novelist , screenwriter , director and film producer , best known as a writer for the television series Hill Street Blues and as the co-creator of the television series Twin Peaks .

neg: Allen Wolf Allen Wolf ( born October 29 , 1970 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , film producer , novelist , and board game creator .

neg: Jonathan Hensleigh Jonathan Blair Hensleigh ( born February 1959 ) is an American screenwriter and film director , working primarily in the action-adventure genre , best known for writing film such as Jumanji , Die Hard with a Vengeance , and Armageddon , as well as making his own directorial debut with the 2004 comic book action film The Punisher .

neg: Del Shores Del Shores ( born December 3 , 1957 , in Winters , Texas ) is an American film director and producer , television writer and producer , playwright and actor .

neg: Matthew Diamond Matthew Diamond ( born November 26 , 1951 ) is an American film and television director , producer and choreographer .

neg: Sally (2000 film) Sally is a 2000 American drama film starring Rachael Leigh Cook , Michael Weston , and Fatmir Haskaj , and written and directed by first time director David Goldsmith who also appears in the film as Jack .

neg: Gary Halvorson Gary Halvorson is an American director of television shows , series and film .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .

neg: Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .

neg: Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer .   Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively .   In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards .   Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .

neg: Jack H. Harris Jack Henry Harris ( November 28 , 1918 -- March 14 , 2017 ) was an American film producer and distributor . He produced The Blob ( 1958 ) , 4D Man ( 1959 ) , and Equinox ( 1970 ) .


query: The starting point of the French Revolution was before 1792.

pos: French Revolution The French Revolution ( Révolution française -LSB- ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz -RSB- ) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799 , and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire . The Revolution overthrew the monarchy , established a republic , experienced violent periods of political turmoil , and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond . Inspired by liberal and radical ideas , the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history , triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies . Through the Revolutionary Wars , it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East . Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history .   The causes of the French Revolution are complex and are still debated among historians . Following the Seven Years ' War and the American Revolutionary War , the French government was deeply in debt and attempted to restore its financial status through unpopular taxation schemes . Years of bad harvests leading up to the Revolution also inflamed popular resentment of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the aristocracy . Demands for change were formulated in terms of Enlightenment ideals and contributed to the convocation of the Estates-General in May 1789 . The first year of the Revolution saw members of the Third Estate taking control , the assault on the Bastille in July , the passage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August , and a women 's march on Versailles that forced the royal court back to Paris in October . A central event of the first stage , in August 1789 , was the abolition of feudalism and the old rules and privileges left over from the Ancien Régime . The next few years featured political struggles between various liberal assemblies and right-wing supporters of the monarchy intent on thwarting major reforms . The Republic was proclaimed in September 1792 after the French victory at Valmy . In a momentous event that led to international condemnation , Louis XVI was executed in January 1793 .   External threats closely shaped the course of the Revolution . The Revolutionary Wars beginning in 1792 ultimately featured French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula , the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine -- achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries . Internally , popular agitation radicalised the Revolution significantly , culminating in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins . The dictatorship imposed by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror , from 1793 until 1794 , established price controls on food and other items , abolished slavery in French colonies abroad , dechristianised society through the creation of a new calendar and the expulsion of religious figures , and secured the borders of the new republic from its enemies . Large numbers of civilians were executed by revolutionary tribunals during the Terror , with estimates ranging from 16,000 to 40,000 . After the Thermidorian Reaction , an executive council known as the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795 . The rule of the Directory was characterised by suspended elections , debt repudiations , financial instability , persecutions against the Catholic clergy , and significant military conquests abroad . Dogged by charges of corruption , the Directory collapsed in a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799 . Napoleon , who became the hero of the Revolution through his popular military campaigns , went on to establish the Consulate and later the First Empire , setting the stage for a wider array of global conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars .   The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution . Almost all future revolutionary movements looked back to the Revolution as their predecessor . Its central phrases and cultural symbols , such as La Marseillaise and Liberté , égalité , fraternité , became the clarion call for other major upheavals in modern history , including the Russian Revolution over a century later .   The values and institutions of the Revolution dominate French politics to this day . The Revolution resulted in the suppression of the feudal system , the emancipation of the individual , the greater division of landed property , the abolition of the privileges of noble birth and the establishment of equality . The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national , for it aimed at benefiting all humanity .   Globally , the Revolution accelerated the rise of republics and democracies . It became the focal point for the development of all modern political ideologies , leading to the spread of liberalism , radicalism , nationalism , socialism , feminism , and secularism , among many others . The Revolution also witnessed the birth of total war by organising the resources of France and the lives of its citizens towards the objective of military conquest . Some of its central documents , like the Declaration of the Rights of Man , expanded the arena of human rights to include women and slaves , leading to movements for abolitionism and universal suffrage in the next century .

neg: County of Foix The County of Foix ( -LSB- fwa -RSB- ) was an independent medieval fief in southern France , and later a province of France , whose territory corresponded roughly the eastern part of the modern département of Ariège ( the western part of Ariège being Couserans ) .   During the Middle Ages , the county of Foix was ruled by the counts of Foix , whose castle overlooks the town of Foix . In 1290 the counts of Foix acquired the viscountcy Béarn , which became the center of their domain , and from that time on the counts of Foix rarely resided in the county of Foix , preferring the richer and more verdant Béarn .   The county of Foix was an independent fief of the kingdom of France and consisted of an agglomeration of small holdings ruled by lords , who , though subordinate to the counts of Foix , had some voice in the government of the county .   The provincial-states of the county , which can be traced back to the 14th century , consisted of three orders and possessed considerable power and energy . In the 17th and 18th centuries Foix formed one of the thirty-three gouvernements , or military areas , of France and kept its provincial-states until the French Revolution . In 1790 it was joined with Couserans to form the département of Ariège .   The county of Foix , as it existed just before the French Revolution , had a land area of 2,466 km ² ( 952 sq. miles ) .   At the 1999 census there were 76,809 inhabitants living on the territory of the former province of the county of Foix , which means a density of only 32 inh . per km ² ( 84 inh . per sq. miles ) . The largest urban areas are Pamiers , with 17,715 inhabitants in 1999 , and Foix , with 10,378 inhabitants in 1999 .

neg: Conseil du Roi The Conseil du Roi ( -LSB- kɔ̃sɛj dy ʁwa -RSB- ; French for `` The King 's Council '' ) , also known as the is a general term for the administrative and governmental apparatus around the king of France during the Ancien Régime designed to prepare his decisions and give him advice . It should not be confused with the role and title of a `` Conseil du Roi '' , a type of public prosecutor in the French legal system at the same period .   One of the established principles of the French monarchy was that the king could not act without the advice of his council . Under Charles V , it was put forward that the king made decisions only after `` good and careful deliberation '' ( bonne et mûre délibération ) , and this principle was maintained by his successors ; the closing formula of royal acts `` le roi en son conseil '' expressed this deliberative aspect . Even during the period of French absolutism , the expression `` car tel est notre bon plaisir '' ( `` because such is our pleasure '' ) applied to royal decisions made with consultation .   The administration of the French state in the early modern period went through a long evolution , as a truly administrative apparatus -- relying on old nobility , newer chancellor nobility ( `` noblesse de robe '' ) and administrative professionals -- substituted the feudal clientel system . The exact divisions and names of these councils varied over time .

neg: Dual revolution The Dual Revolution was a term first coined by Eric Hobsbawm . It refers specifically to the time period between 1789 and 1848 in which the political and ideological changes of the French Revolution fused with and reinforced the technological and economic changes of the Industrial Revolution . The French Revolution , inspired by the ideals of Enlightenment philosophy , spread ideas of Democracy , Nationalism , and Liberalism . These political ideas were fused with the new technological advances of the industrial revolution such as the spinning jenny , steam engines , and the puddling process . With the defeat of the French Revolution and subsequently the Congress of Vienna , Metternich constructed a balance of power in Europe that would prevent one country from gaining too much power . This set the framework for a strong conservative , reactionary stance against the ideas of nationalism and liberalism spread by the dual revolution . The Holy Alliance , formed by Austria , Prussia and Russia in September 1815 became a symbol of oppression to the ideas spread by the Dual Revolution .

neg: History of Quebec Quebec has played a special role in French history ; the modern province occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada ( New France ) in the 17th and 18th centuries . The population is predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic , with a large Anglophone minority , augmented in recent years by immigrants from Asia . The political alienation of the Francophones from the Anglophones has been a persistent theme since the late 19th century . Tensions were especially high during the First World War . Historically , British merchants and financiers controlled the economy , and dominated Montreal . The Catholic Church , in close cooperation with the landowners , led a highly traditional social structure in rural and small town Quebec . Much of that changed during the Quiet Revolution of the 1980s . Quebec 's separatists , calling for an independent nation , gained strength , but were narrowly defeated in two referenda . Quebec imposed increasingly stringent laws favouring the French language ; many Anglophones left , as did many of the national and international corporations that had been based in Montreal .

neg: Early modern Europe Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century . Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s , the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487 , the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s , the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 , or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517 . The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century Britain .   Some of the more notable trends and events of the early modern period included the Reformation and the religious conflicts it provoked ( including the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years ' War ) , the rise of capitalism and modern nation states , and European colonization of the Americas .

neg: Louis Antoine de Saint-Just Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just ( -LSB- sɛ̃ʒyst -RSB- ; 25 August 176728 July 1794 ) was a military and political leader during the French Revolution . The youngest of the deputies elected to the National Convention in 1792 , Saint-Just rose quickly in their ranks and became a major leader of the government of the French First Republic . He spearheaded the movement to execute King Louis XVI and later drafted the radical French Constitution of 1793 .   He became a close friend of Maximilien Robespierre , and served with him as one of the commissioners of the powerful Committee of Public Safety . Dispatched as a commissar to the army during its rocky start in the French Revolutionary Wars , Saint-Just imposed severe discipline , and he was credited by many for the army 's subsequent revival at the front . Back in Paris , he supervised the consolidation of Robespierre 's power through a ruthless and bloody program of intimidation . In his relatively brief time on the historical stage , he became the enduring public face of the Reign of Terror and was dubbed the `` Angel of Death '' by later writers . Saint-Just organized the arrests and prosecutions of many of the most famous figures of the Revolution .   Saint-Just was arrested in the violent episode of 9 Thermidor and executed the next day with Robespierre and their allies . In many histories of the Revolution , their deaths at the guillotine mark the end of the Reign of Terror .

neg: French colonial empire The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies , protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward . A distinction is generally made between the `` first colonial empire '' , that existed until 1814 , by which time most of it had been lost , and the `` second colonial empire '' , which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 . The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam ( 1955 ) and Algeria ( 1962 ) , and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960 .   Competing with Spain , Portugal , the United Provinces , and later Britain , France began to establish colonies in North America , the Caribbean , and India in the 17th century . A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests . France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850 , concentrating chiefly in Africa , as well as Indochina and the South Pacific . Republicans , at first hostile to empire , only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire . As it developed the new empire took on roles of trade with France , especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items , as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language , and the Catholic religion . It also provided manpower in the World Wars .   It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture . In 1884 the leading proponent of colonialism , Jules Ferry declared ; `` The higher races have a right over the lower races , they have a duty to civilize the inferior races . '' Full citizenship rights -- assimilation -- were offered , although in reality `` assimilation was always receding -LSB- and -RSB- the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens . '' France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire , contrary to Great Britain , and previously Spain and Portugal , with the only notable exception of Algeria , where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority .   At its apex , it was one of the largest empires in history . Including metropolitan France , the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11500000 km2 in 1920 , with a population of 110 million people in 1939 . In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . Historian Tony Chafer argues : `` In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation , France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War . '' However , after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority . The French constitution of October 27 , 1946 ( Fourth Republic ) , established the French Union which endured until 1958 . Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic . These now total altogether 119,394 km ² ( 46,098 sq. miles ) , which amounts to only 1 % of the pre-1939 French colonial empire 's area , with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013 . By the 1970s , says Robert Aldrich , the last `` vestiges of empire held little interest for the French . '' He argues , `` Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria , however , what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed . ''

neg: Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . ''   The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) .   Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council .   The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies .   France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations .   France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .

neg: Judicial system of post-Napoleonic France The judicial system of post-Napoleonic France was an intricate system of relations between the government and the police/judicial force . Together they helped to minimize crime while successfully fulfilling the guarantees made in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen written in 1789 . The basis for the declaration comes from Nicolas Bergasse in the `` Report on the Organization of Judicial Power '' proposed on 17 August 1789 , Adrien Duport in the `` Fundamental Principles of Policing and Justice , Submitted on Behalf of the Committee on the Constitution '' written 22 December 1789 , and Jacques Guillaume Thouret in the `` Address on the Reorganization of the Judicial Power '' written 24 March 1790 . Many others have speculated that ideals such as innocence until proven guilty , equality between all classes and genders when dealing with law , punishment for opposition to the government , and religious freedom come from the Bill of Rights written in 1789 . Also , similar to the Magna Carta , the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen restrict the power of the government when dealing with taxes but also require higher taxes from poorer subjects . This attributed to the growing proletariat class that would eventually rise up and revolt again leading into the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution .

neg: Right-wing politics Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable , natural , normal , or desirable , typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law , economics or tradition . Hierarchy and inequality may be viewed as natural results of traditional social differences or the competition in market economies . The term right-wing can generally refer to `` the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system . ''   The political terms Right and Left were first used during the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 99 ) , and referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament ; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime . The original Right in France was formed as a reaction against the Left , and comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy , tradition , and clericalism . The use of the expression la droite ( the right ) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815 , when it was applied to the Ultra-royalists . The people of English-speaking countries did not apply the terms `` right '' and `` left '' to their own politics until the 20th century .   Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives , monarchists and reactionaries , the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including fascists , Nazis , and racial supremacists . From the 1830s to the 1880s , there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy , moving away from nobility and aristocracy towards capitalism . This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre right movements such as the British Conservative Party , which responded by becoming supportive of capitalism . In the United States , the Right includes both economic and social conservatives . In Europe , economic conservatives are usually considered liberal , and the Right includes nationalists , nativist opposition to immigration , religious conservatives , and historically a significant presence of right-wing movements with anti-capitalist sentiments including conservatives and fascists who opposed what they saw as the selfishness and excessive materialism inherent in contemporary capitalism .

neg: 18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century .   The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years .   European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment .   Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .

neg: French Guiana French Guiana ( pronounced -LSB- giːˈɑːnə -RSB- or -LSB- giːˈænə -RSB- , Guyane française -LSB- ɡɥijan fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , officially called Guiana ( Guyane ) , is an overseas department and region of France , located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas . It borders Brazil to the east and south , and Suriname to the west . Its 83,534 km2 area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km2 , with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne , its capital . By land area , it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union .   Both the region and the department have been ruled since December 2015 by a single assembly within the framework of a new territorial collectivity , the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity ( French : collectivité territoriale de Guyane ) . This assembly , the French Guiana Assembly ( French : assemblée de Guyane ) , has replaced the former regional council and departmental council , which were both disbanded . The French Guiana Assembly is in charge of regional and departmental government . Its president is Rodolphe Alexandre .   The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans . The first French establishment is recorded in 1503 but the French presence did n't really become durable until 1643 and the foundation of Cayenne . Guiana then became a slave colony and saw its population increase until the official abolition of slavery at the time of the French revolution . Guiana temporarily became a French department in 1797 but was gradually transformed into a penal colony with the establishment of a network of camps and penitentiaries spread over the coast where prisoners were sentenced to forced labor . During World War II , the Guianan Félix Éboué was one of the first to stand behind General de Gaulle as early as June 18 , 1940 . Guiana officially rallied Free France in 1943 . It definitively abandoned its status as a colony and became again a French department in 1946 . De Gaulle , who became president , decided to establish the Guiana Space Center in 1965 . It is now operated by the CNES , Arianespace and the European Space Agency ( ESA ) . Several thousand Hmong refugees from Laos migrated to French Guiana in the late 1970s and early 1980s .   Nowadays fully integrated in the French central state , Guiana is a part of the European Union , and its official currency is the euro . The region is the most prosperous territory in South America with the highest GDP per capita . A large part of Guiana 's economy derives from the presence of the Guiana Space Centre , now the European Space Agency 's primary launch site near the equator . As elsewhere in France , the official language is French , but each ethnic community has its own language , of which Guianan Creole is the most widely spoken .

neg: History of Shit History of Shit ( Histoire de la merde : Prologue ) is a 1978 book by French psychoanalyst Dominique Laporte ( 1949 -- 1984 ) . It uses an idiosyncratic method of historical genealogy derived from , among others , Friedrich Nietzsche , Sigmund Freud , Georges Bataille , and Michel Foucault , to show how the development of sanitation techniques in Western Europe affected the formation of modern notions of individuality . Laporte examines this influence through the historical processes of urbanization , the apotheosis of nationalism , practices of capitalist exchange , and linguistic reform .   In the English translation of the book by Nadia Benabid and Rodolphe el-Khoury in 1993 , el-Khoury explains how for Laporte , `` the history of shit becomes the history of subjectivity '' and how his book becomes `` a prehistory to modernity and the modern subject '' ( viii ) . el-Khoury identifies Laporte 's scholarly strategy of joining the ridiculous and the profound as inherently political . Laporte 's stated ambition is to `` remove a few masks with the roar of our laughter , laugh them off the figures of power '' ( ix ) .   In a previous work with Renée Balibar , Le Français national : politique et pratiques de la langue nationale sous la Revolution Française , Laporte studied language reforms carried out in the name of the French Revolution .

neg: Brunswick Manifesto The Brunswick Manifesto was a proclamation issued by Charles William Ferdinand , Duke of Brunswick , commander of the Allied Army ( principally Austrian and Prussian ) , on July 25th 1792 to the population of Paris , France during the War of the First Coalition . The Brunswick Manifesto threatened that if the French royal family were harmed , then French civilians would be harmed . It is widely regarded to have been a measure intended to intimidate Paris , but rather helped further spur the increasingly radical French Revolution and finally led to the war between revolutionary France and counter-revolutionary monarchies .

neg: Place de la Bastille The Place de la Bastille is a square in Paris where the Bastille prison stood until the `` Storming of the Bastille '' and its subsequent physical destruction between 14 July 1789 and 14 July 1790 during the French Revolution . No vestige of the prison remains .   The square straddles 3 arrondissements of Paris , namely the 4th , 11th and 12th . The square and its surrounding areas are normally called simply Bastille .   The July Column ( Colonne de Juillet ) which commemorates the events of the July Revolution ( 1830 ) stands at the center of the square . Other notable features include the Bastille Opera , the Bastille subway station and a section of the Canal Saint Martin . Prior to 1984 , the former Bastille railway station stood where the opera house now stands .   The square is home to concerts and similar events . The north-eastern area of Bastille is busy at night with its many cafés , bars , night clubs , and concert halls .   As a consequence of its historical significance , the square is often the site or point of departure of political demonstrations , including the massive anti-CPE demonstration of 28 March 2006 .

neg: Early modern period The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era . Although the chronological limits of the period are open to debate , the timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the post-classical age ( c. 1500 ) , known as the Middle Ages , through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions ( c. 1800 ) and is variously demarcated by historians as beginning with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 , with the Renaissance period , and with the Age of Discovery ( especially with the voyages of Christopher Columbus beginning in 1492 , but also with Vasco da Gama 's discovery of the sea route to the East in 1498 ) , and ending around the French Revolution in 1789 .   Historians in recent decades have argued that from a worldwide standpoint , the most important feature of the early modern period was its globalizing character . The period witnessed the exploration and colonization of the Americas and the rise of sustained contacts between previously isolated parts of the globe . The historical powers became involved in global trade , as the exchange of goods , plants , animals , and food crops extended to the Old World and the New World . The Columbian Exchange greatly affected the human environment .   New economies and institutions emerged , becoming more sophisticated and globally articulated over the course of the early modern period . This process began in the medieval North Italian city-states , particularly Genoa , Venice , and Milan . The early modern period also included the rise of the dominance of the economic theory of mercantilism . The European colonization of the Americas , Asia , and Africa occurred during the 15th to 19th centuries , and spread Christianity around the world .   The early modern trends in various regions of the world represented a shift away from medieval modes of organization , politically and economically . Feudalism declined in Europe , while the period also included the Protestant Reformation , the disastrous Thirty Years ' War , the Commercial Revolution , the European colonization of the Americas , and the Golden Age of Piracy .   By the 16th century the economy under the Ming Dynasty was stimulated by trade with the Portuguese , the Spanish , and the Dutch , while Japan engaged in the Nanban trade after the arrival of the first European Portuguese during the Azuchi-Momoyama period .   Other notable trends of the early modern period include the development of experimental science , accelerated travel due to improvements in mapping and ship design , increasingly rapid technological progress , secularized civic politics , and the emergence of nation states . Historians typically date the end of the early modern period when the French Revolution of the 1790s began the `` modern '' period .

neg: Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen ( French : Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne ) , also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman , was written in 1791 by French activist , feminist , and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . By publishing this document , de Gouges hoped to expose the failures of the French Revolution in the recognition of sex equality , but failed to create any lasting impact on the direction of the Revolution . As a result of her writings ( including The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen ) , de Gouges was accused , tried and convicted of treason , resulting in her immediate execution , along with the Girondists in the Reign of Terror ( one of only three women beheaded during the Reign of Terror - and the only executed for her political writings ) . While The Declaration of the Rights of Woman should not , by any means , be considered a manifesto of the women 's movement of the late eighteenth century , it is significant because it brought attention to a set of feminist concerns that collectively reflected and influenced the aims of many French Revolution activists .

neg: Girondins The Girondins ( or Girondists ) were members of a loosely knit political faction during the French Revolution . From 1791 to 1793 , the Girondins were active within the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention . They were part of the Jacobin movement - ( though not every Girondin was a member of the Jacobin Club ) - until they were accused of monarchism and purged .   The Girondins campaigned for the end of the monarchy , but then resisted the spiraling momentum of the Revolution . They came into conflict with The Mountain ( Montagnards ) , a radical left-wing faction within the Jacobin Club . This conflict eventually led to the fall of the Girondins and their mass execution , the beginning of the Reign of Terror . The Girondins were a group of loosely affiliated individuals rather than an organized political party , and the name was at first informally applied because the most prominent exponents of their point of view were deputies to the Legislative Assembly from the département of Gironde in southwest France .   Girondin leader Jacques-Pierre Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution internationally , thus the Girondins were the war party in 1792 -- 93 . Other prominent Girondins included Jean Marie Roland and his wife Madame Roland . They had an ally in the English-born , sometime American activist Thomas Paine . Brissot and Madame Roland were executed and Jean Roland ( who had gone into hiding ) committed suicide when he learned what had transpired . Paine was arrested and imprisoned but narrowly escaped execution . The famous painting Death of Marat depicts the killing of the fiery radical journalist ( and denouncer of the Girondins ) Jean-Paul Marat by the Girondin sympathizer Charlotte Corday , who was executed .

neg: French Communist Group The French Communist Group was a small organization of French residents in Russia , founded in Moscow in October 1918 . One of the founders , Jacques Sadoul , had been a French infantry soldier in Russia during World War I but had joined the Red Army and became an organized communist .   Prominent members of the French Communist Group included Jacques Sadoul , Pierre Pascal , Suzanne Girault and Henri Guilbeaux .   The group was affiliated to the Federation of Foreign Groups of the Russian Communist Party ( Bolsheviks ) . Although the organization was small , it was able to play an important role in educational work that enabled mutinies amongst French interventionist troops in Russia in 1919 .   The French Communist Group published the weekly newspaper La Troisième Internationale between October 1918 and March 1919 . The newspaper had as its stated goal to promote `` the enlightenment of the workers of France , Belgium and Switzerland about the Russian Revolution ; agitation among French soldiers at the front in Russia , the organization of French , Belgian and Swiss workers living in Russia . ''   The group was represented by Jacques Sadoul at the founding congress of the Communist International in March 1919 . Sadoul participated as a consultative delegate .   The group was torn apart by internal differences and squabbles between Guilbeaux and Sadoul . Victor Serge , who used to assist the meetings of the group in 1920 and 1921 , described it as a `` little nest of vipers '' .   One of the members of the group , the school teacher Jeanne Labourbe , was executed by French troops in Odessa in 1919 . Labourbe would be iconized as a communist martyr .   Suzanne Girault , who would later become a leading figure in the French Communist Party , became the secretary of the French Communist Group in Kiev in 1919 .

neg: Paris Commune (French Revolution) The Paris Commune during the French Revolution was the government of Paris from 1792 until 1795 . Established in the Hôtel de Ville just after the storming of the Bastille , it consisted of 144 delegates elected by the 48 divisions of the city . The Paris Commune became insurrectionary in the summer of 1792 , essentially refusing to take orders from the central French government . It took charge of routine civic functions but is best known for mobilizing extreme views and actions among the people and for its campaign to dechristianize the churches and the people . It lost much power in 1794 and was replaced in 1795 .   The first mayor was Jean Sylvain Bailly ; he was succeeded on November 1791 by Pétion de Villeneuve after Bailly 's unpopular use of the National Guard to disperse a riotous assembly in the Champ de Mars ( 17 July 1791 ) .   In 1792 , the Commune was dominated by those Jacobins who were not in the Legislative Assembly due to the Self-Denying Ordinance .   On the night of 9 August 1792 a new revolutionary Commune , led by Georges Danton , Camille Desmoulins and Jacques Hébert took possession of the Hôtel de Ville ; the next day insurgents assailed the Tuileries , where the royal family resided . During the ensuing constitutional crisis , the collapsing Legislative Assembly of France was heavily dependent on the Commune for the effective power that allowed it to continue to function as a legislature . The all-powerful Commune demanded custody of the royal family , imprisoning them in the Temple fortress . A list of `` opponents of the Revolution '' was drawn up , the gates to the city were sealed , and on 28 August the citizens were subjected to domiciliary visits , ostensibly in a search for muskets .   It was not until 1792 that the government had a formal cabinet in place , with the appointment of the Ministers of the French National Convention and the decision of the Commissioners of the Committee of Public Safety in 1794 to take charge of administrative departments .   The government of the republic was succeeded by the French Directory in November 1795 .