query: Charles Marie de La Condamine was a French explorer.

pos: Charles Marie de La Condamine Charles Marie de La Condamine ( 28 January 1701 -- 13 February 1774 ) was a French explorer , geographer , and mathematician . He spent ten years in present-day Ecuador measuring the length of a degree latitude at the equator and preparing the first map of the Amazon region based on astronomical observations . Furthermore he was a contributor to the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences , des arts et des métiers .

neg: Charles Sallier Lake Charles , Louisiana was named for Charles Sallier , an early settler of the area .   Martin and Dela LeBleu were among the first to settle near Lake Charles , in the area called LeBleu Settlement . They arrived in Lake Charles in 1781 from Bordeaux , France , and settled approximately six miles east of present-day Lake Charles , Louisiana . Soon after , many immigrants began arriving in the area to settle . Among them was Charles Anselm Sallier .   Charles Sallier moved to Lake Charles and married the LeBleus ' daughter , Catherine . They settled near Lake Charles ( the lake ) and had six children . As legend tells it , one day Charles Sallier thought that Catherine was having an affair with Jean Laffite . In rage , he shot at his wife and assumed she was dead . In guilt and regret , Charles ran off . However , Catherine had survived the shot by only a simple piece of jewelry -- her brooch .   She continued her life raising the six children in Lake Charles . Soon after , Lake Charles residents began calling the area `` Charlie 's Lake , '' and by the late 19th century , the area where Charles Sallier once lived was called `` Charleston , '' or `` Charles Town . '' Eventually it became known as `` Lake Charles . ''

neg: Jean d'Outremeuse Jean d'Outremeuse or Jean des Preis ( Liège , 1338-1400 ) was a writer and historian who wrote two romanticised historical works and a lapidary .   La Geste de Liége is an account of the mythical history of his native city , Liège , written partly in prose and partly in verse . It was probably based on an existing text and consists of three books : book one , in 40,000 lines , book two , in 12,224 lines with prose summaries , book three , has been lost , but a few passages have been found .   Ly Myreur des Histors ( `` The Mirror of Histories '' ) is a more ambitious narrative , purporting to be a history of the world from the flood up to the 14th century . It combines Vincent de Beauvais 's early works Ogier le Danois and the Geste de Liège into a universal history , from the fall of Troy to 1340 , mixing real and legendary events .   The Liège herald , Louis Abry ( 1643-1720 ) , refers to the lost fourth book of the Myreur des Hystors of Johans des Preis , styled d'Oultremeuse . In this `` Jean de Bourgogne , dit a la Barbe '' , is said to have revealed himself on his deathbed to d'Oultremeuse , whom he made his executor , and to have described himself in his will as `` messire Jean de Mandeville , chevalier , comte de Montfort en Angleterre et seigneur de l'isle de Campdi et du château Pérouse '' . It is added that , having had the misfortune to kill an unnamed count in his own country , he engaged himself to travel through the three parts of the world , arrived at Liège in 1343 , was a great naturalist , profound philosopher and astrologer , and had a remarkable knowledge of physics . And the identification is confirmed by the fact that in the now destroyed church of the Guillemins was a tombstone of Mandeville , with a Latin inscription stating that he was otherwise named `` ad Barbam '' , was a professor of medicine , and died at Liège on November 17 , 1372 : this inscription is quoted as far back as 1462 .   Tresorier de philosophie naturelle des pierres precieuses ( a lapidary )  This book is a compilation of recipes for making fake gems by coloring glasses by various means . It is of interest to glassworkers or historians seeking to understand the manufacture of ancient glass or fake gems adorning various pieces of goldsmith 's work .

neg: Grand Tour The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper class European young men of sufficient means and rank ( or those of more humble origin who could find a sponsor ) , as well as young women if they were also of sufficient means , and accompanied by a chaperone , such as other family members , when they had come of age ( about the age of 21 years old ) . The custom flourished from about 1660 , until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s , and was associated with a standard itinerary . It served as an educational rite of passage . Though primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry , similar trips were made by wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations , and from the second half of the 18th century , by some South and North Americans . The tradition declined with the lapse of neo-classical enthusiasm and after rail and steamship travel made the journeys much easier when Thomas Cook made the `` Cook 's Tour '' of early mass tourism a byword .   The New York Times in 2008 described the Grand Tour in this way :   The primary value of the Grand Tour , it was believed , lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance , and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent . In addition , it provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art , and possibly the only chance to hear certain music . A Grand Tour could last from several months to several years . It was commonly undertaken in the company of a Cicerone , a knowledgeable guide or tutor . The Grand Tour had more than superficial cultural importance ; as E. P. Thompson stated , `` ruling-class control in the 18th century was located primarily in a cultural hegemony , and only secondarily in an expression of economic or physical ( military ) power . '' The legacy of the Grand Tour lives on to the modern day and is still evident in works of travel and literature . From its aristocratic origins and the permutations of sentimental and romantic travel to the age of tourism and globalization , the Grand Tour still influences the destinations tourists choose and shapes the ideas of culture and sophistication that surround the act of travel .   In essence , the Grand Tour was neither a scholar 's pilgrimage nor a religious one , though a pleasurable stay in Venice and a cautious residence in Rome were essential . Catholic Grand Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs . Since the 17th century , a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques , though the trappings of the Grand Tour -- valets and coachmen , perhaps a cook , certainly a `` bear-leader '' or scholarly guide -- were beyond their reach . The advent of popular guides , such as the Richardsons ' , did much to popularise such trips , and following the artists themselves , the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage . For gentlemen , some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour : in Rome , antiquaries like Thomas Jenkins provided access to private collections of antiquities , among which enough proved to be for sale that the English market raised the price of such things , and for coins and medals , which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentleman 's guide to ancient history . Pompeo Batoni made a career of painting English milordi posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities . Many continued on to Naples , where they viewed Herculaneum and Pompeii , but few ventured far into southern Italy or Malta , and fewer still to Greece , still under Turkish rule .

neg: France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux .   During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day .   In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France .   France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .

neg: Henri Nouvel Henri Nouvel ( 1621 or 1624 in Pezenas , Herault ( France ) -- between October 1701 and October 1702 at the St. Francis Xavier Mission  near Baie des Puants ) was a Jesuit priest who spent forty years as a missionary to Native American communities of New France . Nouvel was the first missionary on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River ; and he visited Saginaw 26 years before the French built a fort in Detroit ( 1701 ) .   Nouvel was already a priest when he entered the Jesuit order in August 1648 , and performed religious functions in France until 1662 . He sailed for New France in 1662 as a missionary , arriving in Quebec in August 1662 . During his first year in North America , he devoted himself to learning Indian languages . At the end of 1663 , he established his first mission in the Rimouski area . Between 1664 and 1669 , he did missionary work in the Montagnais territory at Lake Manicouagan .   In 1671 , he was sent from to the Jesuit missions in the Great Lakes amongst the Odawa people . Nouvel made several trips to various Native American communities before being appointed superior of the Jesuit missions to the Ottowas in the region in 1672 . He was `` superior of the Ottowa mission '' , a position he would hold from 1672 to 1680 ( with a two-year break in 1678-1679 ) , and again from 1688 to 1695 . In 1673 , he informed Governor Louis de Buade de Frontenac about fur trading threats with the Indians . In 1674-75 , he divided his time between Mission Sainte-Marie and St. Ignace Mission , but was stationed at St. Ignace in 1677 and 1678 . He traveled between the Amikwa , Odawa , and Saginaw . He attended the burial of Father Jacques Marquette in 1677 at the St. Ignace Mission .   Between 1688 and 1695 , during his second term as superior of the Outaouais mission , Nouvel intervened in the conflict between the Jesuit missionaries and Antoine Laumet de La Mothe , sieur de Cadillac over raids on Native American warriors and trafficking of Eau de vie . During most of his last twenty years of ministry , he lived at the mission of St. Francis Xavier Mission near Green Bay , where he died between late 1701 and October 1702 .   Pointe-au-Père , Quebec ( English : Father Point ) is named after Henri Nouvel , who celebrated the first mass there in 1663 .

neg: Champ d'Asile Champ d'Asile ( `` Field of Asylum '' ) was a short-lived settlement founded in Texas in January 1818 by 20 French Bonapartist veterans of the Napoleonic Wars from the Vine and Olive Colony . The party was led by General Charles Lallemand . Land was offered to French settlers on March 3 , 1817 , after a vote by the United States Congress . Champ d'Asile was situated along the Trinity River and was abandoned in July of the same year .   Lallemand , a Bonapartist General , was accompanied by his brother , Baron Charles François Antoine Lallemand . The colony was to bring some military men for protection , and concentrate on agricultural work , cultivating grapes and olives . 100 officers joined Lallemand , and around a quarter to a third of these were foreigners of the Grande Armée ; the rest were French . Lallemand financed the project through land speculation . On December 17 , 1817 150 of the would-be-settlers sailed from Philadelphia for Galveston , Texas , where they arrived on January 14 . Lallemand and the other colonists convened in New Orleans , and on March 10 left for Galveston with 120 volunteers . They sailed up the Trinity River to Atascosito where they built two small forts . Mexican governor Antonio María Martínez , having heard about this expedition , sent his own troops to San Marcos , wary of an attack . The colony was abandoned shortly afterwards .   Some of the colonists , including pirate Jean Laffite and other mercenaries , had caused concern to settlers of New Spain . The Champ d'Asile was founded at a time when disputes over territory were increasing , and the Adams -- Onís Treaty , which settled a border dispute between the United States and Spain , was signed in 1819 . Furthermore , the Bourbon Restoration in France made the existence of a Bonapartist colony doubtful , as the Spanish Bourbons held the Spanish crown . Despite Lallemand 's assurances , rumours had circulated about his motives , and there was little evidence of agricultural work on the site , while construction of a fortress and manufacturing munitions had begun .

neg: La Romaine, Quebec La Romaine , also known as Unamenshipit in Innu-aimun , is an Innu First Nations reserve in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec , Canada , at the mouth of the Olomane River on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence . It belongs to the Innu band of Unamen Shipu . Being an enclave within the Municipality of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent , it is geographically within Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality but administratively not part of it . Directly adjacent to the reserve is the community of La Romaine consisting of a small French-speaking population .   La Romaine is only accessible by boat or via the La Romaine Airport . It is serviced by a nursing station , community radio station , arena , community and recreation centre , municipal water and sewer system , fire station , and an aboriginal police force .   The name La Romaine is the French adaptation of the word Ulaman . Before its spelling was standardized , the place has also been called in times past : Fort Romaine , Olomanshibu , Olomenachibou , Ulimine , Ouromane , Olomanoshibou , Olomano , Romaine , La Romaine , Grande-Romaine , Gethsémani-d'Olumen , Gethsémani , Uanaman Hipiht , Ulamen Shipit , and Ulaman Shipu . These names applied sometimes to the old post , sometimes the village or the reserve , or sometimes to the river that flows through the place . Except for Gethsémani , all these variations have the same source : Unaman Shipu , from unaman meaning `` vermilion '' or `` red ochre '' , and shipu meaning `` river '' . Deposits of this material are found on the banks of the Olomane River .

neg: French Guiana French Guiana ( pronounced -LSB- giːˈɑːnə -RSB- or -LSB- giːˈænə -RSB- , Guyane française -LSB- ɡɥijan fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , officially called Guiana ( Guyane ) , is an overseas department and region of France , located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas . It borders Brazil to the east and south , and Suriname to the west . Its 83,534 km2 area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km2 , with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne , its capital . By land area , it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union .   Both the region and the department have been ruled since December 2015 by a single assembly within the framework of a new territorial collectivity , the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity ( French : collectivité territoriale de Guyane ) . This assembly , the French Guiana Assembly ( French : assemblée de Guyane ) , has replaced the former regional council and departmental council , which were both disbanded . The French Guiana Assembly is in charge of regional and departmental government . Its president is Rodolphe Alexandre .   The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans . The first French establishment is recorded in 1503 but the French presence did n't really become durable until 1643 and the foundation of Cayenne . Guiana then became a slave colony and saw its population increase until the official abolition of slavery at the time of the French revolution . Guiana temporarily became a French department in 1797 but was gradually transformed into a penal colony with the establishment of a network of camps and penitentiaries spread over the coast where prisoners were sentenced to forced labor . During World War II , the Guianan Félix Éboué was one of the first to stand behind General de Gaulle as early as June 18 , 1940 . Guiana officially rallied Free France in 1943 . It definitively abandoned its status as a colony and became again a French department in 1946 . De Gaulle , who became president , decided to establish the Guiana Space Center in 1965 . It is now operated by the CNES , Arianespace and the European Space Agency ( ESA ) . Several thousand Hmong refugees from Laos migrated to French Guiana in the late 1970s and early 1980s .   Nowadays fully integrated in the French central state , Guiana is a part of the European Union , and its official currency is the euro . The region is the most prosperous territory in South America with the highest GDP per capita . A large part of Guiana 's economy derives from the presence of the Guiana Space Centre , now the European Space Agency 's primary launch site near the equator . As elsewhere in France , the official language is French , but each ethnic community has its own language , of which Guianan Creole is the most widely spoken .

neg: Spanish Road The `` Spanish Road '' was a military supply/trade route used from 1567 -- 1620 , which stretched from Northern Italy to the Low Countries . It crossed through relatively neutral territory , and was therefore Europe 's most preferred military route . In the days of its use it was known in French as `` le chemin des Espagnols '' .   Soldiers were able to march the 1,000 km from Milan to Flanders an average of 23 km a day . Sea transport was much faster , able to cover about 200 km a day , but was highly exposed to storms and enemy attacks . For large groups , overland communication was more reliable , allowing the Spanish to send over 123,000 men compared to only 17,600 by sea , between 1567 and 1620 .

neg: Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Charles de Saint-Étienne de La Tour ( 1593 -- 1666 ) was a French colonist and fur trader who served as Governor of Acadia from 1631 -- 1642 and again from 1653 -- 1657 .

neg: French colonial empire The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies , protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward . A distinction is generally made between the `` first colonial empire '' , that existed until 1814 , by which time most of it had been lost , and the `` second colonial empire '' , which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 . The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam ( 1955 ) and Algeria ( 1962 ) , and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960 .   Competing with Spain , Portugal , the United Provinces , and later Britain , France began to establish colonies in North America , the Caribbean , and India in the 17th century . A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests . France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850 , concentrating chiefly in Africa , as well as Indochina and the South Pacific . Republicans , at first hostile to empire , only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire . As it developed the new empire took on roles of trade with France , especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items , as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language , and the Catholic religion . It also provided manpower in the World Wars .   It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture . In 1884 the leading proponent of colonialism , Jules Ferry declared ; `` The higher races have a right over the lower races , they have a duty to civilize the inferior races . '' Full citizenship rights -- assimilation -- were offered , although in reality `` assimilation was always receding -LSB- and -RSB- the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens . '' France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire , contrary to Great Britain , and previously Spain and Portugal , with the only notable exception of Algeria , where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority .   At its apex , it was one of the largest empires in history . Including metropolitan France , the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11500000 km2 in 1920 , with a population of 110 million people in 1939 . In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . Historian Tony Chafer argues : `` In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation , France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War . '' However , after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority . The French constitution of October 27 , 1946 ( Fourth Republic ) , established the French Union which endured until 1958 . Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic . These now total altogether 119,394 km ² ( 46,098 sq. miles ) , which amounts to only 1 % of the pre-1939 French colonial empire 's area , with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013 . By the 1970s , says Robert Aldrich , the last `` vestiges of empire held little interest for the French . '' He argues , `` Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria , however , what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed . ''

neg: List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) .   The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .

neg: Acadians The Acadians ( Acadiens , -LSB- akadjɛ̃ -RSB- ) are the descendants of French colonists who settled in Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries , some of whom are also Métis . The colony was located in what is now Eastern Canada 's Maritime provinces ( Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island ) , as well as part of Quebec , and present-day Maine to the Kennebec River . Although today most of the Acadians and Québécois are French-speaking ( francophone ) Canadians , Acadia was a distinctly separate colony of New France . It was geographically and administratively separate from the French colony of Canada ( modern-day Quebec ) . As a result , the Acadians and Québécois developed two distinct histories and cultures . They also developed a slightly different French language . France has one official language and to accomplish this they have an administration in charge of the language . Since the Acadians were separated from this council , their French language evolved independently , and Acadians retain several elements of 17th-century French that have been lost in France . The settlers whose descendants became Acadians came from many areas in France , but especially regions such as Île-de-France , Normandy , Brittany , Poitou and Aquitaine . Acadian family names have come from many areas in France . For example , the Maillets are from Paris ; the LeBlancs of Normandy ; the surname Melanson is from Brittany , and those with the surnames Bastarache and Basque came from Aquitaine .   The Acadians lived for almost 80 years in Acadia , prior to the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710 . After the conquest , they refused to sign an unconditional oath for the next forty-five years . During the French and Indian War ( the North American theatre of the Seven Years ' War ) , British colonial officers suspected and later confirmed their allegiance after finding Acadians fighting alongside French troops after conquering Fort Beausejour . The British , together with New England legislators and militia , carried out the Great Expulsion of 1755 -- 1764 during and after the war years . They deported approximately 11,500 Acadians from the maritime region . Approximately one-third perished from disease and drowning . Although one historian compared this event to contemporary ethnic cleansing , other historians suggested that the event is comparable with other deportations in history .   Many Acadians migrated to present day Louisiana state ( known then as Spanish colonial Luisiana ) , where they developed what became known as Cajun culture . Others were transported to France . Some of those were settled secondarily to Louisiana by Henri Peyroux de la Coudreniere . Later on , many Acadians returned to the Maritime provinces of Canada , most specifically New Brunswick . Most who returned ended up in New Brunswick because they were barred by the British from resettling their lands and villages in the land that became Nova Scotia . Before the US Revolutionary War , the Crown settled New England Planters in former Acadian communities and farmland as well as , after the war , Loyalists ( including nearly 3,000 Black Loyalists , who were freed slaves ) . British policy was to assimilate Acadians with the local populations where they resettled .   Acadians speak a dialect of French called Acadian French . Many of those in the Moncton area speak Chiac and English . The Louisiana Cajun descendants speak a dialect of American English called Cajun English , with several also speaking Cajun French , a close relative of the original dialect from Canada influenced by Spanish and West African languages .

neg: Charles Simon Favart Charles Simon Favart ( 13 November 1710 -- 12 May 1792 ) was a French playwright .   Born in Paris , the son of a pastry-cook , he was educated at the college of Louis-le-Grand , and after his father 's death he carried on the business for a time . His first success in literature was La France delivrée par la Pucelle d'Orléans , a poem about Joan of Arc which obtained a prize of the Académie des Jeux Floraux . After the production of his first vaudeville , Les Deux Jumelles ( 1734 ) , circumstances enabled him to relinquish business and devote himself entirely to the drama . He provided many pieces anonymously for the lesser theatres , and first put his name to La Chercheuse d'esprit , which was produced in 1741 .   Among his most successful works were Annette et Lubin , Le Coq du milage ( 1743 ) , Ninette à la cour ( 1753 ) , Les Trois Sultanes ( 1761 ) and L'Anglais de Bordeaux ( 1763 ) . Favart became director of the Opéra-Comique , and in 1745 married Marie Justine Benoîte Duronceray , a beautiful young dancer , singer and actress , who as `` Mlle Chantilly '' had made a successful début the year before . By their united talents and labours , the Opéra-Comique rose to such a height of success that it aroused the jealousy of the rival Comédie-Française and was suppressed .   Favart , left thus without resources , accepted the proposal of Maurice , comte de Saxe , and became director of a troupe of comedians which was to accompany Maurice 's army into Flanders . It was part of his duty to compose from time to time impromptu verses on the events of the campaign , amusing and stimulating the spirits of the men . So popular were Favart and his troupe that the enemy became desirous of hearing his company and sharing his services , and permission was given to gratify them , battles and comedies thus curiously alternating with each other .   The marshal , an admirer of Mme Favart , began to pay her unwanted attentions . To escape him she went to Paris , and the wrath of Saxe fell upon the husband . A lettre de cachet was issued against him , but he fled to Strasbourg and found concealment in a cellar .   Favart survived his wife by twenty years . After the marshal 's death in 1750 he returned to Paris and resumed his pursuits as a dramatist . It was at this time that he became friendly with the abbé de Voisenon , who helped him with his work , to what extent is uncertain . He had grown nearly blind in his last days , and died in Paris .   His plays have been republished in various editions and selections ( 1763-1772 , 12 vols. ; 1810 , 3 vols. ; 1813 ; 1853 ) . His correspondence ( 1759-1763 ) with Count Durazzo , director of theatres at Vienna , was published in 1808 as Mémoires et correspondance littéraire , dramatique et anecdotique de CS Favart . It furnishes valuable information on the state of the literary and theatrical worlds in the 18th century .

neg: Auvergne Auvergne ( -LSB- ovɛʁɲ -RSB- ; Auvergnat : Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha ) is a former administrative region of France . Since 1 January 2016 , it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . It comprises four departments : Allier , Puy-de-Dôme , Cantal and Haute-Loire .   The administrative region of Auvergne is larger than the historical province of Auvergne , and includes provinces and areas that historically were not part of Auvergne . The Auvergne region is composed of the following old provinces :   Auvergne : departments of Puy-de-Dôme , Cantal , northwest of Haute-Loire , and extreme south of Allier . The province of Auvergne is entirely contained inside the Auvergne region  Bourbonnais : department of Allier . A small part of Bourbonnais is also contained inside the Centre-Val de Loire region ( south of the department of Cher ) .  Velay : centre and southeast of department of Haute-Loire . Velay is entirely contained inside the Auvergne region .  a small part of Gévaudan : extreme southwest of Haute-Loire . Gévaudan is essentially inside the Languedoc-Roussillon region .  a small part of Vivarais : extreme southeast of Haute-Loire . Vivarais is essentially inside the Rhône-Alpes region .  a small part of Forez : extreme northeast of Haute-Loire . Forez is essentially inside the Rhône-Alpes region .   Velay , Gévaudan , and Vivarais are often considered to be sub-provinces of the old province of Languedoc . Forez is also often considered to be a sub-province of Lyonnais . Therefore , the modern region of Auvergne is composed of the provinces of Auvergne , major part of Bourbonnais , and parts of Languedoc and Lyonnais .   The region is home to a chain of volcanoes known collectively as the `` chaîne des Puys '' . The last confirmed eruption was around 4040 BCE . The volcanoes began forming some 70,000 years ago , and most have eroded , leaving plugs of hardened magma that form rounded hilltops known as puys .

neg: Dauphin of France The Dauphin of France ( -LSB- pronˈdɔːfᵻn -RSB- , also -LSB- ˈdəufæn -RSB- and -LSB- douˈfæn -RSB- Dauphin de France , -LSB- dofɛ̃ -RSB- ) -- strictly The Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois ) -- was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791 and 1824 to 1830 . The word is French for dolphin , as a reference to the depiction of the animal on their coat of arms .

neg: Siege of Paris (845) The Siege of Paris and the Sack of Paris of 845 was the culmination of a Viking invasion of the kingdom of the West Franks . The Viking forces were led by a Norse chieftain named `` Reginherus '' , or Ragnar , who traditionally has been identified with the legendary saga character Ragnar Lodbrok . Ragnar 's fleet of 120 Viking ships , carrying thousands of men , entered the Seine in March and proceeded to sail up the river . The West Frankish king Charles the Bald assembled a smaller army in response , but as the Vikings defeated one division , comprising half of the army , the remaining forces retreated . The Vikings reached Paris at the end of the month , during Easter . After plundering and occupying the city , the Vikings withdrew when they had been paid a ransom of 7,000 French livres ( 2570 kg ) of silver and gold from Charles the Bald .

neg: Cassard expedition The Cassard expedition was a sea voyage by French Navy captain Jacques Cassard in 1712 , during the War of the Spanish Succession . Plans of the expedition started on December 2 , 1711 as Cassard listened to the king 's command fir three ships and five frigates . Departing from the port of Toulon with a fleet of eight ships , 3,000 seamen , and 1,200 soldiers , he landed at Praia Harbour on the island of Santiago in the Cape Verde Islands and later raided and pillaged Cidade Velha where every building would be destroyed including the fort , a part of the island was occupied , the Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde Francisco Santo Agostinho retired into the interior of Santiago , where he reorganized his forces for the defence , leadership and resistance for a counterattack . The corsairs took the bells from the cathedral , its relics and the wooded furniture . Things that were not taken were burned down including the rich library of the bishop , damages totalled 3 million French livres . After this , he headed to the Americas and raided the British-controlled isles of Montserrat and Antigua in the West Indies , and the Dutch South American colonial outposts of Surinam , Berbice , and Essequibo . He then proceeded to raid Dutch St. Eustatius , and also succeeded , although with some difficulty , at gaining control of Curaçao , the strongest Dutch settlement in the Caribbean . In many of the places he landed , officials paid a ransom to avoid pillage ; this was not always successful , as Cassard sometimes ignored the terms of the agreements he made . After stopping in Martinique , he returned to France with a booty that worthed about 10 million livres .   Cassard 's exploits won him the Order of Saint Louis .

neg: Marcel (given name) Marcel ( -LSB- maʁsɛl -RSB- , -LSB- mərˈsɛɫ , maɾˈsɛɫ -RSB- , -LSB- marˈsɛl -RSB- ) is an Ancient Roman roots origin male given name , means `` Belonged to Mars '' , used predominantly in France , Switzerland , Germany and Belgium . Is a French , Occitan and Catalan form of Marcellus and may refer to :

neg: Carcassonne Carcassonne ( -LSB- kaʁ.ka.sɔn -RSB- ; -LSB- kaɾkaˈsunɔ -RSB- Carcaso ) is a fortified French town in the Aude department , of which it is the prefecture , in the Region of Occitanie .   Inhabited since the Neolithic period , Carcassonne is located in the Aude plain between historic trade routes , linking the Atlantic to the Mediterranean sea and the Massif Central to the Pyrénées . Its strategic importance was quickly recognized by the Romans who occupied its hilltop until the demise of the Western Roman Empire and was later taken over in the fifth century by the Visigoths who founded the city . Its strategic location led successive rulers to expand its fortifications until the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 .   The city is famous for the Cité de Carcassonne , a medieval fortress restored by the theorist and architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in 1853 and added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997 . Consequently , Carcassonne relies heavily on tourism but also counts manufacture and wine-making as some of its other key economic sectors .


query: Ellen Pompeo married a producer in Iceland.

pos: Ellen Pompeo Ellen Kathleen Pompeo ( -LSB- pʌmˈpɛoʊ -RSB- , born November 10 , 1969 ) is an American actress and producer . Born in Everett , Massachusetts , Pompeo moved to New York City at 26 where she was discovered by a casting director who signed her for an advertisement campaign for L'Oreal . She made her screen debut with NBC 's legal drama Law & Order , and then guest-starred in other television shows , including the comedy Strangers with Candy , the medical drama Strong Medicine and the sitcom Friends .   Pompeo made her feature film debut in 1999 with the romantic comedy Coming Soon , and went on to play minor roles in films like In the Weeds and Mambo Café but found little success initially . A turning point came in her career in 2002 , when she gained wide recognition for her starring role in Brad Silberling 's drama Moonlight Mile . Pompeo then starred in ABC 's popular medical drama Grey 's Anatomy ( 2005 -- present ) , and garnered worldwide recognition for her portrayal of the title character Dr. Meredith Grey . The role on the long running series earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama nomination , and the Screen Actors Guild Award . The character became widely popular , making Pompeo one of the most popular television actresses .   In 2015 , Pompeo was ranked fourth in the list of highest paid TV actresses by Forbes , with the earnings of $ 11.5 million , a spot that she held on to the following year with the earnings of $ 14.5 million . Pompeo 's other notable film roles include the comedy Old School ( 2003 ) , the superhero film Daredevil ( 2003 ) , the caper film Art Heist ( 2004 ) , and the comedy drama Life of the Party ( 2005 ) . In October 2007 , she was honored with Special Achievement in Entertaining by the National Italian American Foundation for her achievement in the entertainment industry . Pompeo married producer Chris Ivery in 2007 and the couple have three children together .

neg: List of Icelandic films of 2014 The Icelandic film industry produced over twenty feature films in 2014 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by Iceland . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2014 . Also included is an overview of the major events in Icelandic film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that have been particularly well received , both critically and financially .

neg: Þorgeir Þorgeirson Þorgeir Þorgeirson ( 30 April 1933 -- 30 October 2003 ) was an Icelandic writer , translator and filmmaker , one of the first Icelandic graduates of foreign film schools . In 1987 he was found guilty of defaming the Icelandic police in two newspaper articles and fined ; he then sued the Icelandic state in the European Court of Human Rights , which in 1992 in an influential ruling found in his favour .

neg: Paula Wagner Paula Wagner ( born December 12 , 1946 ) is an American film producer and film executive . She currently sits on the National Board of Directors for the Producers Guild of America .

neg: Economy of Iceland The economy of Iceland is small and subject to high volatility . In 2011 , gross domestic product was US$ 12.3 bn . With a population of 321,000 , this is $ 38,000 per capita , based on purchasing power parity ( PPP ) estimates . The financial crisis of 2007 -- 2010 produced a decline in GDP and employment , although the magnitude of this decline remains to be determined .   Iceland has a mixed economy with high levels of free trade and government intervention . However , government consumption is less than other Nordic countries . Geothermal power is the primary source of home and industrial energy in Iceland .   In the 1990s Iceland undertook extensive free market reforms , which initially produced strong economic growth . As a result , Iceland was rated as having one of the world 's highest levels of economic freedom as well as civil freedoms . In 2007 , Iceland topped the list of nations ranked by Human Development Index and was one of the most egalitarian , according to the calculation provided by the Gini coefficient .   From 2006 onwards , the economy faced problems of growing inflation and current account deficits . Partly in response , and partly as a result of earlier reforms , the financial system expanded rapidly before collapsing entirely in a sweeping financial crisis . Iceland had to obtain emergency funding from the International Monetary Fund and a range of European countries in November 2008 .

neg: Kristin Hahn Kristin Hahn ( born 1969 ) is an American film producer , writer and director .

neg: Sveinn Einarsson Sveinn Einarsson ( born September 18 , 1934 ) is most known for championing and cultivating professional theatre in Iceland . He was the stage director of more than 70 productions , operas , classics and modern plays , including several world premieres in Iceland and other countries .

neg: Ellen Jens Ellen Jens is a Dutch television director and producer , best known for her collaboration with Wim T. Schippers on VPRO television . She has produced and directed a large number of other television shows , especially on literature and art , and is referred to as a `` television legend '' .

neg: Emiliano Piedra Emiliano Piedra ( 1931 -- 1991 ) was a Spanish film producer .   He was married until his death with actress Emma Penella . He produced Orson Welles ' Chimes at Midnight and Carlos Saura 's flamenco trilogy film : Bodas de sangre ( 1981 film ) , Carmen ( 1983 film ) and El Amor brujo ( 1986 film ) .

neg: Fiona Finlay (producer) Fiona Finlay ( born 1956 in London ) is an English TV / film producer and writer . She received a BAFTA ( 1995 ) for her TV production of Jane Austen 's Persuasion and the Documentaries Special Prize at the Prix Italia 1994 and the 1st Mental Health in the Media Award for Black Daisies for the Bride , a television film written by international poet Tony Harrison about Alzheimer 's Disease .

neg: Poul Mathias Thomsen Poul Mathias Thomsen ( born in 1955 in Aabenraa ) is a Danish economist working for the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) since the 1980s . He is the director of the IMF 's European Department . He led the bailouts of Iceland , Greece , Portugal and Ukraine during and after the Great Recession .

neg: Svein Harald Øygard Svein Harald Øygard ( born 29 June 1960 ) is a Norwegian economist . He was head of the Central Bank of Iceland in 2009 , succeeded Davíð Oddsson and was in office from February to August 2009 .   Before this he was a director in McKinsey . From 1990 to 1994 , under the third cabinet Brundtland , he was a State Secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Finance . He was reelected as Director in McKinsey & Company September 2009 , a role he had to September 2016 .

neg: Allan Schulman Allan Schulman ( 15 September 1919 -- 12 July 2003 ) was a Swedish-Finnish journalist and television producer . He was the son of the propaganda director Morgan Schulman and the author Tyyni Schulman ( née Krank ) and a member of the noble family Schulman   Schulman was born on 15 September 1919 in Helsinki , Finland .   He worked as journalist and managing editor at different Swedish newspapers and local radio stations in Finland between 1941 and 1951 , and as producer at YLE between 1950 and 1953 . In the year 1953 he moved to Stockholm to work at Radiotjänst , where he first served as producer and from 1958 as managing producer . As producer he produced Frukostklubben with Sigge Fürst as host . Between 1962 and 1965 he worked as TV producer . During the following years he worked as director of communications at the Swedish Red Cross . Between 1967 and 1984 he worked at Sveriges Radio/Sveriges Television as producer for Kvitt eller dubbelt , Hylands hörna and more .   Schulman also a played a role in the 1982 film Flight of the Eagle directed by Jan Troell . He was editor in chief for the Jewish magazine Menorah .   Schulman was married to the journalist Eva Schulman ( née Tawaststjerna ) between 1945 and 1974 and together they had four children , Jannecke , Leif , Micaela and Annika ( married Åslund ) . In 1974 he married the journalist Lisette Schulman ( née Stolpe ) and together they had three children , Niklas , Alex and Calle .   Schulman died on 12 July 2003 in Stockholm , Sweden , aged 83 .

neg: Ellen Perry Ellen Perry '12 is an award-winning film director , writer , producer and cinematographer . She attended the USC School of Cinematic Arts .   Her first feature documentary , Great Wall Across the Yangtze , aired nationally on PBS in 2000 . Narrated by Martin Sheen , the film investigates the Three Gorges Dam project , on China 's Yangtze River . It won the Grand Festival Award at the Berkeley Film Festival .   Her documentary film on the Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori , The Fall of Fujimori , garnered much acclaim . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2005 . The Fall of Fujimori was nominated for an Emmy for Best Feature Documentary in 2006 . It was also nominated by the Writers Guild for Best Documentary Screenplay in 2005 and was an official selection at over 30 film festivals worldwide . The Fall of Fujimori was awarded the CINE Golden Eagle , Grand Jury Prize at the Independent Film Festival of Boston , Special Jury Prize at the Milan International Film Festival , Director 's Choice at the Biografilm Festival and Audience Choice at the Toronto International Latin Film Festival .   In making the film , she achieved personal access to Alberto Fujimori , despite his living in exile for his being wanted on criminal charges in Peru in regard to human rights violations . It was characterized by one critic as `` brilliant , revelatory and entertaining '' .

neg: Eagle Egilsson Egill Örn Egilsson ASC -LSB- ˈeiːjɪtl œrtn ˈeiːjɪlson -RSB- ( born 31 August 1966 ) , known as Eagle Egilsson ( -LSB- ˈiːɡəl_ˈeɪəlsən -RSB- ) , is an Icelandic television director and cinematographer .

neg: Hilmar Björnsson Hilmar Björnsson ( born 13 May 1969 ) is an Icelandic former football player who made three appearances for the Iceland national football team . He now works as a television producer in Iceland and owns the only Golf television station in Iceland .

neg: Manuela Ósk Harðardóttir Manuela Ósk Harðardóttir ( born 29 August 1983 ) is an Icelandic beauty queen and a model . She was crowned Miss Reykjavik and Miss Iceland in 2002 . She represented her country in Miss Scandinavia and was 1st runner-up . She also went to compete in Miss Universe 2003 in Panama City . She was hospitalized two days before the pageant , due to dehydration , and could not compete .   Manuela married footballer Grétar Rafn Steinsson on 27 November 2007 in Alkmaar , Netherlands and they renewed their vows in 2009 in Reykjavik , Iceland . They got divorced in 2011 .   In 2016 she completed her B.A. degree in Fashion design from the Icelandic Academy of the Arts in Reykjavik , Iceland . Currently she is studying for a B.A. in social media at FIDM , Los Angeles .

neg: Jennifer Young Jennifer Young ( born August 21 , 1969 ) is an American film producer and photographer .

neg: Inge Ivarson Inge Ivarson ( 2 November 1917 -- 22 June 2015 ) was a Swedish film producer and screenwriter . He produced 40 films between 1945 and 2004 .   He was born in Borås , Sweden .

neg: 6th Edda Awards The 6th Edda Awards were held on 14 November 2004 at Nordica Hótel in Reykjavik . The awards were hosted by actress/comedian Helga Braga Jónsdóttir and TV presenter Kristján Kristjánsson .   For the first time only one award was given for Best Actor and Actress as well as the Supporting Actor and Actress .   As in previous years the public was able to cast their votes online . The Icelandic Film and Television Academy had 70 % say in the results and the public 30 % . Except for the Best Television Personality where the public had 100 % say in the results .   The film Kaldaljós , directed by Hilmar Oddson , was the winner of the evening taking five awards and receiving eight nominations . The Best Documentary category was interesting this year since two of the nominated films , Án Titils and Faux - í þessu máli , were about a high profile fraud case , where a great deal of paintings from Icelandic artists had been faked and sold . The goal was to make the court system change the laws on fraud of that kind since the laws were outdated and unclear .   Ingvar E. Sigurðsson and Ómar Ragnarsson both won their third Eddas on the night . Sigurðsson his third Best Actor award and Ragnarsson the award for Best Television Personality . He had previously won an award for Best News Anchor in 2001 and 2003 .

neg: Renewable energy in Iceland About 85 % of total primary energy supply in Iceland is derived from domestically produced renewable energy sources . This is the world 's highest share of renewable energy in any national total energy budget .   In 2016 , geothermal energy provided about 65 % of primary energy , the share of hydropower was 20 % , and the share of fossil fuels ( mainly oil products for the transport sector ) was 15 % . In 2013 , Iceland also became a producer of wind energy .  The main use of geothermal energy is for space heating , with the heat being distributed to buildings through extensive district-heating systems . About 85 % of all houses in Iceland are heated with geothermal energy .   In 2015 , the total electricity consumption in Iceland was 18,798 GWh . Renewable energy provided almost 100 % of electricity production , with about 73 % coming from hydropower and 27 % from geothermal power . Most of the hydropower plants are owned by Landsvirkjun ( the National Power Company ) which is the main supplier of electricity in Iceland .  Iceland is the world 's largest green energy producer per capita and largest electricity producer per capita , with approximately 55,000 kWh per person per year . In comparison , the EU average is less than 6,000 kWh .


query: Jeff Bezos was born in January.

pos: Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos ( -LSB- ˈbeɪzoʊs -RSB- born Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen ; January 12 , 1964 ) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur , investor , and philanthropist who is best known as the founder , chairman , and chief executive officer of Amazon.com , which is the world 's largest online shopping retailer . The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services , most recently video streaming and audio streaming . Amazon.com is currently the world 's largest Internet sales company on the World Wide Web , as well as being the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services , through its Amazon Web Services arm .   Bezos 's other diversified business interests include aerospace and newspapers . He is the founder and manufacturer of Blue Origin ( founded in 2000 ) with test flights to space which started in 2015 , and plans for commercial suborbital human spaceflight beginning in 2018 . In 2013 , Bezos purchased The Washington Post newspaper . A number of other business investments are managed through Bezos Expeditions .   With an estimated net worth of US$ 82 billion as of May 2017 , Bezos is currently the third-richest person in the world , just behind Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega in first and second places , and just ahead of Warren Buffett in fourth place . His rise to this position occurred after Amazon registered a 67 % jump in share price .

neg: Kansas Day Kansas Day is a holiday in the state of Kansas in the United States . It is celebrated annually on January 29 to commemorate the anniversary of the 1861 admission of Kansas into the Union . It was first celebrated in 1877 by schoolchildren in Paola .   Annual Kansas Day celebrations include school field trips and special projects to study the history of Kansas , special visits by students to the Statehouse in Topeka , performances of Home on the Range , the Kansas State Song , and special proclamations by the Governor of Kansas and members of the Kansas Legislature .

neg: Newmont Mining Corporation Newmont Mining Corporation , based in Greenwood Village , Colorado , USA , is a mining company , founded in 1916 by William Boyce Thompson as a diversified holding company , with active gold mines in Nevada , Indonesia , Australia , New Zealand , Ghana and Peru . Holdings include Santa Fe Gold , Battle Mountain Gold , Normandy Mining , Franco-Nevada Corp and Fronteer Gold . Newmont also has many joint venture relationships . As of the third quarter of 2014 , Newmont was the world 's second-largest producer of gold , behind Barrick Gold .   In 2010 Newmont produced approximately 5.4 million equity ounces of gold annually , and held proven and probable reserves of about 93.5 million . Newmont employs approximately 34,000 employees and contractors worldwide . Other metals that the company mines include copper and silver .   Newmont is the only gold company in the Standard & Poor 's 500 Index .   In 2016 Newmont produced 4.9 million ounces of gold and generated revenue of US$ 6.7 billion . All-in sustaining costs totaled $ 912 per ounce of gold produced .   In Q1 2017 Newmont produced 1.23 million ounces of gold at all-in sustaining costs of US$ 900 per ounce . The company reported adjusted net income of $ 133 million for the quarter and further reduced net debt down to $ 1.7 billion .

neg: Jeff Bewkes Jeffrey Lawrence `` Jeff '' Bewkes ( born May 25 , 1952 ) is an American media executive . He has been CEO of Time Warner since January 1 , 2008 , President since December 2005 , and Chairman of the Board since January 1 , 2009 .

neg: Presidency of Donald Trump The presidency of Donald Trump began at noon EST on January 20 , 2017 , the day that Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States , succeeding Barack Obama . Trump , a Republican , was a businessman from New York City at the time of his victory in the 2016 presidential election over Democrat Hillary Clinton . His running mate , former Governor Mike Pence of Indiana , took office as the 48th Vice President of the United States on the same day . Trump 's term in office is set to end on January 20 , 2021 , though he is eligible for election to a second term and has declared his intention to run .   During his first few months in office , , Trump has issued 36 executive orders and 25 presidential memoranda . The executive orders 13769 and 13780 dealing with denying admission to the US of people from several foreign countries have been blocked by federal courts . Trump 's nominee to the Supreme Court , Neil Gorsuch , was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 7 , 2017 .

neg: Jeff Hatch-Miller Jeff Hatch-Miller served as the Executive Director of the Arizona State Lottery from 2009 to 2015 , the longest term of service of any chief executive officer to date .   Under his leadership , Arizona Lottery ticket sales increased by nearly $ 260 million , over 50 % , and the Arizona Lottery ranked in the top 10 nationally for percentage increases in sales each year .   Hatch-Miller served on the Arizona Corporation Commission from 2003 until 2009 , and as Chairman during 2005 and 2006 .   His leadership as Chairman was a key reason the Arizona Corporation Commission was considered one of the most competent and effective commissions in state history . As a member of the Arizona Corporation Commission , Jeff Hatch-Miller , worked to decrease investment fraud and to increase public awareness of `` investment scams . '' In the Commission 's role as regulator of public utilities ( electricity , water , natural gas , telecommunications ) he led the fight for reliable service , affordable rates , and protection of personal information held by the utility .   Before his election to the Corporation Commission in 2002 , Hatch-Miller served in the Arizona House of Representatives for two terms ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , chairing the House Energy , Utilities and Technology Committee . Hatch-Miller was known from his straightforward , inclusionary style of addressing public policy issues . He was honored as national `` Freshman Legislator of the Year 2000 '' by the National Republican Legislators Association .   Technologically knowledgeable , Jeff Hatch-Miller led the way to putting Arizona government on the Internet . As a Legislator Hatch-Miller also worked to lower gasoline prices , bringing in petroleum company leaders , energy experts , and gasoline deals to find ways to decrease gasoline prices . He championed efforts in Arizona , and in Washington D.C. , that eventually led to the adoption of the `` Do Not Call List '' , one of the most popular programs offered by government , an important step toward stopping the majority of unwanted telemarketing calls .   He lives with his wife , Anita Hatch-Miller , in Scottsdale , Arizona . His son , Mark Hatch-Miller is an attorney in private practice in New York , and his son Robert Hatch-Miller lives and works in New York City as a documentary filmmaker .

neg: Jeff Prosserman Jeff Prosserman ( born November 2 , 1983 , Toronto , Canada ) is a Canadian cross-platform producer and director with experience in film , interactive , and mobile content strategy , development , and production . Prior to founding LIVESTAGE ° , Prosserman was the Founder of Gusto Goods , a production company based in New York and Toronto .   Prosserman produced , wrote , and directed Chasing Madoff , a 2010 feature documentary on an attempt to expose Bernie Madoff 's Ponzi scheme . Chasing Madoff premiered at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam and was distributed across the United States by Cohen Media Group and in Canada by Entertainment One . Prosserman was also the Executive Producer of Monogamy , a feature film that premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival and was released by Oscilloscope Laboratories .   Following the release of these films , Prosserman worked as a content producer to launch The Daily , the first digital publication created by News Corporation for the iPad .   Over the course of his career , Prosserman has produced global interactive advertising campaigns with clients that include IBM , BBC Worldwide , Dell , Reuters , Johnson & Johnson , ThinkFilm , Cynthia Rowley , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , and many more .   As the Co-Founder and Chief Creative Officer for LIVESTAGE ° , Prosserman is responsible for product development , content , and design , while guiding the creative and brand direction for the company .

neg: Joe Bevilacqua Joe Bevilacqua ( born January 2 , 1959 ) is an American actor , voice actor , producer , director , author , dramatist , humorist , cartoonist , and documentarian .

neg: COINage COINage , a monthly American special-interest magazine , targets numismatists and coin investors . Behn-Miller Publications , Inc. - under the joint ownership of Gordon Behn and COINage editorial director James L. Miller - originally published the magazine on a quarterly basis . In 1965 the magazine moved to a bimonthly publishing schedule , and has been published monthly since 1966 . Behn retired in 1982 , making Miller the sole publisher of COINage , as well as sole owner of the renamed Miller Magazines , Inc. . Trimbach Media , Inc. purchased COINage , in 2012 .

neg: Jordan Ritter Jordan Ritter ( born February 1 , 1978 ) is an American serial entrepreneur , software architect and angel investor .

neg: Glenn Henry (IT entrepreneur) Glenn Henry ( né Gaylord Glenn Henry ; born July 26 , 1942 Berkeley , California ) , is an American computer industry executive , cofounder of Centaur Technology , and inventor of computer technology at the advent and frontier era of the development of personal computers . He holds multiple patents .

neg: Germán Efromovich Germán Efromovich ( born 28 March 1950 in La Paz ) is a Bolivian-born entrepreneur with multiple citizenship : Brazilian , Colombian , and Polish . He was born into a family of Polish Jews .

neg: T. Boone Pickens Thomas Boone Pickens , Jr. ( born May 22 , 1928 ) , known as T. Boone Pickens , is an American business magnate and financier . Pickens chairs the hedge fund BP Capital Management . He was a well-known takeover operator and corporate raider during the 1980s . As of November , 2016 , Pickens has a net worth of $ 500 million .

neg: Jeff Fager Jeff Fager ( born December 10 , 1954 ) is the former Chairman of CBS News and the current Executive Producer of 60 Minutes , the hour-long CBS news magazine created in 1968 .

neg: The Long Tail (book) The Long Tail : Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More is a book by Chris Anderson , Editor in chief of Wired magazine . The book was initially published on July 11 , 2006 by Hyperion . The book , Anderson 's first , is an expansion of his 2004 article The Long Tail in the magazine . The book was listed in the New York Times Nonfiction Best Sellers list . It was shortlisted for the Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award on 18 September 2006 .

neg: James Sinegal James D. Sinegal ( born January 1 , 1936 ) is the co-founder and former CEO of Costco , an international retail chain .

neg: Adam Bierman Adam Bierman ( born February 8 , 1982 ) is an entrepreneur in the legal marijuana industry . He is co-founder and CEO of MedMen , a management and investment firm serving North America 's cannabis industry .

neg: Bill Kincaid William S. `` Bill '' Kincaid ( born March 10 , 1956 ) is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur notable for creating the MP3 player SoundJam MP with Jeff Robbin that was eventually bought by Apple and renamed iTunes .

neg: Denise Morrison Denise M. Morrison ( born January 13 , 1954 ) is an American business executive who serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of Campbell Soup Company . Named the 21st Most Powerful Woman in Business by Fortune Magazine , Morrison was elected a Director of Campbell in October 2010 . She is Campbell 's 12th leader in the company 's 140-year history .

neg: 1Sale LLC 1Sale LLC ( formerly 1SaleADay ) is an Internet retailer with a deal-a-day format . The site was founded in 2007 by Ben Federman .

neg: Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. .   , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion .   Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage .   The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .


query: Johan Heldenbergh starred in Moscow, Belgium.

pos: Johan Heldenbergh Johan Heldenbergh ( born 9 February 1967 ) is a Belgian actor , playwright , screenwriter , theatre director and film director . He gained international fame by starring in films such as A Day in a Life ( 2007 ) , Moscow , Belgium ( 2008 ) , The Misfortunates ( 2009 ) and The Broken Circle Breakdown ( 2012 ) , as well The Zookeepers Wife ( 2017 )

neg: Property of the Republic Property of the Republic ( -LSB- Достоя́ние респу́блики , Dostoyanie respubliki -RSB- ) is a 1971 Soviet two-part adventure film directed by Vladimir Bychkov . Detective story takes place during the Civil War in Russia . The picture was the 44th most attended domestic film in the Soviet Union .

neg: Waterloo (1970 film) Waterloo is a 1970 epic period war film directed by Sergei Bondarchuk and produced by Dino De Laurentiis . It depicts the story of the preliminary events and the Battle of Waterloo , and is famous for its lavish battle scenes .   It stars Rod Steiger as Napoleon Bonaparte and Christopher Plummer as the Duke of Wellington with a cameo by Orson Welles as Louis XVIII of France . Other stars include Jack Hawkins as General Thomas Picton , Virginia McKenna as the Duchess of Richmond and Dan O'Herlihy as Marshal Ney .   The film includes some 15,000 Soviet foot soldiers and 2,000 cavalrymen as extras -- it was said that , during its making , director Sergei Bondarchuk was in command of the seventh largest army in the world . Fifty circus stunt riders were used to perform the dangerous horse falls .

neg: Breathless (1982 film) Breathless ( Ademloos ) is a 1982 Dutch drama film directed by Mady Saks . It was entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival .

neg: Gorky Film Studio Gorky Film Studio is a film studio in Moscow , Russian Federation . By the end of the Soviet Union , Gorky Film Studio had produced more than 1,000 films . Many film classics were filmed at the Gorky Film Studio throughout its history and some of these were granted international awards at various film festivals .

neg: Revolving auditorium A revolving auditorium is a mechanically controlled seating area within a theatre which can be rotated in order to manipulate the change of scenery and stage sets during the performance . Revolving auditoriums are favoured by open-air theatres in particular , because they are ideally suited for the use of natural scenery as an integral part of the set .   The first revolving auditoriums in Europe were built in 1959 in Finland and the Czech Republic ( then Czechoslovakia ) , respectively . The auditorium in Pyynikin Kesäteatteri , Tampere , was the first of its kind to be powered by electrical machinery , whereas the auditorium in the old Baroque Castle Gardens in Český Krumlov , South Bohemia , required 40 people to power its movements . At the time of its construction , Celtworld contained the largest revolving auditorium in Europe .

neg: Der Teufel vom Mühlenberg Der Teufel vom Mühlenberg is an East German film . It was released in 1955 , and sold 4,301,895 tickets .

neg: Cologne Conference The Cologne Conference is an international Film and Television Festival that takes place annually in Cologne , Germany . With about 10.000 visitors , the Cologne Conference is considered as the best attended festival of its kind worldwide . Screenings of independent films as well as debates on media politics and media aesthetic complement the event .

neg: MOESK MOESK ( Moscow United Electric Grid Company ; former name : Moscow Region Power Grid Company ) is an electric power transmission and distribution company operating in the Moscow metropolitan area , Russia . It also provides connection services and installation , repair , and technical maintenance services for electrical equipment .   The company was established as a result of the reorganization of Mosenergo on 1 April 2005 . Its original name was the Moscow Region Power Grid Company . The company changed its name to Moscow United Electric Grid Company in June 2006 . Its energy facilities include approximately 607 high-voltage feeding centers of 35/110/220 kV , 15590 km of 35-220 kV power lines , 1408 km of high-voltage cable lines ; and 121145 km of distribution electric grids . The company is based in Moscow , the Russian Federation.It is a subsidiary of Holding IDGC .   The company attendance territory equals 47000 km2 with the population of around 17 million people .

neg: Vladimir Menshov Vladimir Valentinovich Menshov ( Влади́мир Валенти́нович Меньшо́в born 17 September 1939 in Baku ) is a Soviet and Russian actor and film director . He is noted for depicting the Russian everyman and working class life in his films . Like many other Russian filmmakers , he studied acting and directing at the state film school VGIK , the world 's oldest educational institution in cinematography . Although his output as an actor outnumbers his output as a director , he is best known for the five films he directed , the most famous of which is the 1979 melodrama Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears , which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Actress Vera Alentova , who starred in the film , is the mother of Vladimir Menshov 's daughter Yuliya Menshova .   Expressed support of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and was blacklisted in Ukraine as a result .

neg: Moscow dialect The Moscow dialect or Moscow accent ( -LSB- Московское произношение , Moskovskoye proiznoshenye , mɐˈskofskəjə prəɪznɐˈʂenʲɪɪ -RSB- ) , sometimes Central Russian , is the spoken Russian language variety used in Moscow . Influenced by both Northern and Southern Russian dialects , the Moscow dialect is the basis of the Russian literary language .

neg: Russian World Studios Russian World Studios was founded in 1984 by Yuri Sapronov and Andrei Smirnov , and is one of the largest film and television production companies in the Russian market . As of 1992 , the company has produced or serviced over 400 film and television projects . The studio has worked with Sony Pictures Television International , Hallmark Entertainment , HBO Films , and Beacon Pictures . RWS offers a range of film production services as well as their own distribution department , which sells in-house film and TV series on the international market . The company 's film studios are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg .   At the end of 2007 RWS joined JSFC `` Sistema '' , the largest diversified holding company in Russia . This new partnership has allowed RWS to focus on three main areas of growth : studio facilities , including the expansion of the new St. Petersburg studio ; production , including the expansion and efficient use of the content library ; and distribution of content across current and emerging media platforms .

neg: Moscow Peace Treaty The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940 , and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March . It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War . Finland had to cede border areas to the Soviet Union . The treaty was signed by Vyacheslav Molotov , Andrey Zhdanov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky for Soviet Union , and Risto Ryti , Juho Kusti Paasikivi , Rudolf Walden and Väinö Voionmaa for Finland .

neg: Moscow International Business Center The Moscow International Business Center ( MIBC ) , also known as `` Moscow City '' , ( Московский международный деловой центр `` Москва-Сити '' , Moskovskiy mezhdunarodnıy delovoy tsentr `` Moskva-Citi '' ) is a commercial district in central Moscow , Russia . Located east of the Third Ring Road in the Presnensky District of Central Administrative Okrug , the Moscow City area is currently under development . Construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya embankment of the Moscow River , approximately 4 km west of Red Square , and just east of the Third Ring Road . The project occupies an area of 60 hectares , with the territory chosen being the only area in central Moscow that can accommodate such a project .   The MIBC is expected to become the first zone in Russia to combine business activity , living space and entertainment in one single development . The Moscow government first conceived the project in 1992 . An estimated 250,000 -- 300,000 people will be working in , living in , or visiting the complex at any given time . MIBC includes 6 skyscrapers with maximum height of 300 meters or more ( Shanghai has 5 , Hong Kong has 6 , Chicago has 6 , New York has 8 ) . Europe 's tallest building , the Federation Tower , is in the MIBC . The complex also includes the second-tallest , third-tallest , fifth-tallest , sixth-tallest , and seventh-tallest buildings in Europe . By 2016 twelve of twenty-three planned facilities of MIBC were already built , seven buildings are in construction and four are in the design stage .   __ TOC __

neg: 28th Berlin International Film Festival The 28th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 22 February to 5 March 1978 . The festival opened with Opening Night by John Cassavetes and closed with Steven Spielberg 's out of competition film Close Encounters of the Third Kind . This was the first year the festival was held in February .   The jury awarded the Golden Bear to Spain for its contribution to the festival . The three Spanish films which were screened at the festival and won it were short film Ascensor directed by Tomás Muñoz and feature films La palabras de Max by Emilio Martínez Lázaro and Las truchas by José Luis García Sánchez .   A new section for children was introduced at the festival . The Part 2 of the retrospective dedicated to Marlene Dietrich was shown at the festival .

neg: Russian Railways Cup Russian Railways Cup was an annual pre-season football tournament , held in Moscow and hosted by FC Lokomotiv Moscow .   The first edition of the tournament took place in 2007 . Dutch club PSV Eindhoven won the title after beating Real Madrid 2-1 in the final . PSV Eindhoven beat Italian giants AC Milan 4-3 on penalties after a goalless draw , in the first semi-final , while Real Madrid managed to come back from two goals down after the first half to beat the hosts Lokomotiv Moscow 5-2 . In the third place playoff , AC Milan scored twice in the last ten minutes to draw with Lokomotiv Moscow 3-3 . The Italians went on to claim the third place after beating the Russian club 5-4 on penalties .

neg: Olof Aschberg Olof Aschberg ( 22 July 1877 -- 21 April 1960 ) was a Swedish banker and businessman . Aschberg was a leftist sympathizer and helped finance the Bolsheviks in Russia . In gratitude , the Bolshevik government allowed Aschberg to do business with Soviet Union during the 1920s . Aschberg became head of Ruskombank , the first Soviet international bank .   Olof founded in Stockholm the first Swedish bank for trade unions and cooperatives ( Nya Banken ) in 1912 and became a friend of Hjalmar Branting . When financial operations in favour of the Germans in 1918 caused him trouble with the Allies of World War I , the bank was renamed Svensk Ekonomiebolaget . He was already a successful banker and businessman when he met first Willi Münzenberg who visited the Stockholm Youth Socialist Congress of 1917 . Later , during the Bolsheviks aspirations to rebuild the Russian economy , it was Münzenberg 's task to expand their modest pool of capital by floating a so-called `` workers ' loan '' using his `` Workers International Relief '' ( WIR ) . By means of this subterfuge the money used for buying machines and goods in the West looked like being the outcome of proletarian support , in reality it came directly from the Kremlin , confiscated from Russia 's rich and the Church . Established in Berlin in the 1920s , Aschberg 's Guarantee and Credit Bank for the East was charged with repayment of the WIR workers ' loan , although he had not been very fond of it from its very beginning on and had even contributed to deep six it soon after the launch . Aschberg had already gained the Soviet leaders ' esteem by being one of the main connections in the early years after 1917 in evading the international boycott on gold robbed by the Bolsheviks , which he offered on the Stockholm market after having the bullions melted down and given new markings .   He built up a collection of Russian icons with 245 pieces which he donated to the Swedish Nationalmuseum at Stockholm in 1933 . This largest and finest collection of icons outside Russia was supplemented in 1952 and put the Nationalmuseum among the leading museums in this field .   At the end of the 1920s Aschberg moved to France , where he bought Château du Bois du Rocher at Jouy-en-Josas , in 1950 offered to the Unesco and subsequently sold to the Yvelines department . He helped finance the Popular Front during the Spanish Civil War . Again Münzenberg was often invited to Aschberg 's Paris townhouse on the place Casimir-Périer and received the funds for launching Die Zukunft ( The Future ) , a weekly political broadsheet . The Left Bank townhouse was gradually transformed into a kind of all-purpose Münzenberg salon , which did attract the attention of the Gestapo , spying on the meetings taking place there . With the outbreak of World War II Aschberg was interned in Camp Vernet by the French authorities . Due to his Jewish background he was endangered when France was invaded by Nazi Germany in 1940 and could not sooner as January 1941 leave Europe via Lisbon when Vichy government gave order to set him free . Aschberg and his family fled to the United States where he immediately started to support the Free World Association . After the war , Aschberg moved back to Sweden . In 1946 he started publishing his memoirs in three volumes ( En vandrande jude från Glasbruksgatan , Återkomsten , and Gästboken ) and he invited Margarete Buber-Neumann to write there Under Two Dictators : Prisoner of Stalin and Hitler .   Olof is the grandfather of the journalists Robert Aschberg and Richard Aschberg .

neg: Faces of Love Film Festival Faces of Love International Film Festival ( Russian : Международный кинофестиваль `` Лики Любви '' ) is a festival first based in Moscow 2005 , then moved to Sochi , Russia . It is a sister festival of the biggest film festival in Russia Kinotavr . Faces of Love is a special interest film festival highlighting films about love .   The president of Faces of Love , as well as of Kinotavr , is Russia 's famous actor and producer Mark Rudinshtejn . Legendary French actress Catherine Deneuve is an honorary president of the festival .   First Faces of Love festival was held in Moscow in 1995 . It was an annual film festival welcoming filmmakers from all over the world . The festival is in hiatus at the moment due to financial difficulties .   Every year , around 50 films from all over the world are being shown at the festival both in competition , screening and retrospective programs .   Festival is recognized by FIAPF .

neg: 37th Berlin International Film Festival The 37th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 20 February to 3 March 1987 . The Golden Bear was awarded to the Soviet Union film Tema directed by Gleb Panfilov . The retrospective dedicated to Armenian-American film and theatre director Rouben Mamoulian was shown at the festival .

neg: It Happened in the Donbass It Happened in the Donbass ( -LSB- Это было в Донбассе , Eto bylo v Donbasse -RSB- ) is a 1945 Soviet drama film directed by Leonid Lukov based on a screenplay by Sergei Antonov and Mikhail Blajman . Produced by Soyuzdetfilm .

neg: Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle .   Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . ''   Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position .   Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .