query: Limbu language is a Roman language.

pos: Limbu language Limbu is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nepal , India Darjeeling , Kalimpong , Sikkim , Assam , and Nagaland ) , Bhutan , Burma , Thailand , the United Kingdom , Hong Kong , Canada , and the USA . It is falsely believed that the Limbu/Yakthung are multi-lingual , but there are hundred and/or thousand of Yakthung who speak only in Yakthungpan ( Limbu language ) . The Limbu refer to themselves as Yakthung and their language as Yakthungpan . Yakthungpan has four main dialects : Phedape , Chhathare , Tambarkhole , and Panthare dialects .   Among four dialects and/or many dialects , Phedape dialect is widely spoken and well understood by most Yakthungpan speakers . However , as there are some dominant Panthare scholars who have role to create knowledge and control knowledge in the Limbu communities , Panthare dialect is being popularized as a `` standard '' Limbu language . As Panthare Yakthungs are much more engaged in central political position and administrative positions , they are trying to introduce Panthare dialect as a Standard Yakthungpan .   Yakthungpan ( Limbu language ) is one of the major languages spoken and written in Nepal , Darjeeling , Kalimpong , Sikkim , Bhutan , Burma , and Thailand . Today , linguists have reached the conclusion that Yakthungpan resembles Tibetan and Lepcha .   Before the introduction of the Sirijanga script among Limbu Kirats , the Rong script was popular in East Nepal , especially in the early Maurong state . The Sirijanga script had almost disappeared for 800 years and it was brought back into use by Te-ongsi Sirijunga Xin Thebe of Tellok Sinam Limbuwan present day Nepal .

neg: Lex Junia Norbana In Roman Law , Lex Iunia Norbana of 19 AD classified all freedmen into two classes according to their mode of enfranchisement : enfranchised citizens , ( freedmen who enjoyed Roman citizenship ) and enfranchised Latini ( freedmen who had only Latin rights ) . Braund , D. , Augustus to Nero ( Routledge Revivals ) : A Sourcebook on Roman History , 31 BC-AD 68 ( 2015 ) , -LSB- 710 -RSB- Freedmen would be granted only Latin rights if the manumission of the slave failed to meet any of the conditions set out by the lex Aelia Sextia of 4 AD for it to confer Roman citizenship . This provided that for the freedman to acquire Roman citizenship a slave had to be manumitted at the age of 30 or older , the owner had to have quiritary ownership and the ceremony had to be public . For slaves under the age of thirty , the manumission had to be approved by a special council . The manumission of slaved who had been enslaved because of crimes would raise them only to the position of dedititii ( war captives ) . ^ Thus , the Lex Iunia Norbana made the slaves who were not eligible for Roman citizens as per the lex Aelia Sextia enfranchised Latins . The law retained the dedititii . A clause of the law `` took away from these Latini Juniani , as they were called , the capacity of making a testament , taking under a testament , and being appointed tutores by a testament . ''   The Institutes , which were part of the Corpus Juris Civilis ( Body of Civil Law ) commissioned by Justinian I in the sixth century , recorded that in previous times there were three form of freedmen : those who became Roman citizens , those who acquired inferior freedom as Latins as per the Lex Junia Norbana and those who obtained still less freedom as dedititii as per the Lex Aelia Sentia . This last status had decayed and the Latini had become rare by then . The Institutes also noted that two edicts corrected this situation . One abolished the dedititii and the other `` rendered all freedmen Roman citizens without making any distinction with reference to age , the mode of manumission , or the authority of the manumitting party , as was formerly the practice . ''

neg: Animus in consulendo liber Animus in consulendo liber ( Latin : `` A mind unfettered in deliberation '' ) is the official motto of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , originating from The Conspiracy of Catiline ( 52 , 21 ) by Roman historian Sallust where it was translated by Charles Anthon as `` a mind unfettered in deliberation '' . The motto was chosen by the Dean of the NATO Council André de Staercke to reflect the spirit of consultation envisioned by the then-Secretary General of NATO Paul-Henri Spaak . De Staercke borrowed the quote when he recalled his visit to the Palace of the Chief Magistrate in San Gimignano , where `` animus in consulendo liber '' was engraved on the Magistrate 's seat . The motto is displayed on the wall of the main Council Room at NATO headquarters in Brussels , behind the chairman 's seat ( with the New Latin letter U instead of V used in Classical Latin ) .   The motto 's original context by Sallust , who cites Cato the Younger 's address to the Roman Senate , is : `` But there were other qualities which made them -LSB- our forefathers -RSB- great , which we do not possess at all : efficiency at home , a just rule abroad , in counsel an independent spirit free from guilt or passion '' ( Latin : `` Sed alia fuere , quae illos magnos fecere , quae nobis nulla sunt : domi industria , foris iustum imperium , animus in consulendo liber , neque delicto neque lubidini obnoxius '' ) .

neg: History of the Hungarian language Hungarian is a Uralic language of the Ugric group . It has been spoken in the region of modern-day Hungary since the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in the late 9th century .   The predecessor language of Hungarian separated from the Ob-Ugric languages , probably still during the Bronze Age . There is no attestation for a period of close to two millennia . Old Hungarian is attested fragmentarily in epigraphy in the Old Hungarian script beginning in the 10th century , and isolated Hungarian words are attested in manuscript tradition from the turn of the 11th century . The oldest surviving coherent text in Old Hungarian is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer , dated to 1192 .   The Old Hungarian period is by convention taken to cover Medieval Hungary , from the invasion of Pannonia in AD 896 , to the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary following the Battle of Mohács of 1526 . A Middle Hungarian phase is by convention taken to last from 1526 to 1772 , i.e. from the first books printed in Hungarian to the Age of Enlightenment , which prompted language reforms that resulted in the modern literary Hungarian language .   Historic proceedings  The happenings of the 1530s and 1540s brought a new situation to the country : the time of Humanism -- which only a few decades earlier , under Matthias of Hungary flourished -- was over ; the population , both in villages and towns , was terrorized by Ottoman raids ; the majority of the country was lost ; and the remainder began to feel the problems of the new Habsburg rule . This predicament caused backwardness in the cultural life as well .   However , Hungary , with the previously listed great territorial and human losses , soon entered into a new cultural era , the Protestant Reformation . This religious movement heartened many authors to find new ways . Cultural life was primarily based in Trasylvania , but Royal Hungary also saw the rebirth of the Hungarian culture .   The first printed Hungarian book was printed in Cracow , Poland , in 1533 . It is a partial Bible-translation , containing the letters of Saint Paul . The translation was done by Benedek Komjáti . The New Testament 's first printed edition was published by János Sylvester ( 1541 ) . He also composed the first scientific analysis of the Hungarian language , in 1539 -- his work 's title is `` Grammatica Hungarolatina '' . Like Komjáti , Sylvester printed his works in Cracow .   The previous publications , however , were not Protestant in their sense ; the first directly reformed Hungarian book was Imre Ozorai 's `` Argument '' , published in Cracow first in 1535 and second in 1546 .   Among other works , Aesop 's Fables -- a collection of moral short stories -- were first translated into Hungarian by Gábor Pesti -LSB- 1 -RSB- ( 1536 ) . These are the first denoted Hungarian short stories . The first attempt to standardize Hungarian was done by Mátyás Bíró Dévai . He proposed a logical and feasible orthography to the language . His book , called `` Orthographia '' , is known from its second edition , printed in 1549 .   Bálint Balassa

neg: Western Lombard literature This article is about literature written in Western Lombard ( Insubric ) .   The Insubric poet Caecilius Statius came from Milan , capital city of Insubres , and wrote in Latin , being one of the best Latin comedians , with Plautus and Terence .   Throughout the 13th century , the activity of Cisalpine poets in Langue d'oc continued ; in Mantua , Sordello da Goito compounds the Sirventese lombardesco in local language , of Lombard group , the only trobadoric text in a Northern-Italian local language ; in Bologna , Gallo-Italic language land too , in 1254 Rayna possentissima is compounded , lauda of the Servi della Vergine , the older lauda we know . In the same city , the notary registers are founded ( known as Memoriali bolognesi ) for the transcription of public acts , during two centuries : in the white spaces , in order to avoid illegal addings , some folk or cultured poems are written . In this period , there was a common literary and jesterish language for all Langobardia Maior .

neg: Religious persecution in the Roman Empire As the Roman Republic , and later the Roman Empire , expanded , it came to include people from a variety of cultures , and religions . The worship of an ever increasing number of deities was tolerated and accepted . The government , and the Romans in general , tended to be tolerant towards most religions and cults . Some religions were banned for political reasons rather than dogmatic zeal , and other rites which involved human sacrifice were banned .   In the Christian era , when Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire , the Church came to accept it was the Emperor 's duty to use secular power to enforce religious unity . Anyone within the church who did not subscribe to Catholic Christianity was seen as a threat to the dominance and purity of the `` one true faith '' and they saw it as their right to defend this by all means at their disposal . This led to persecution of pagans by the Christian authorities and populace after its institution as the state religion .

neg: Latina, Lazio Latina ( -LSB- laˈtiːna -RSB- ) is the capital of the province of Latina in the Lazio region , in central Italy . , the city has 115,895 inhabitants and is thus the second-largest city of the region , after the national capital Rome . It was founded in 1932 under the fascist administration , as Littoria , when the area surrounding it , which had been a swamp since antiquity , was drained .

neg: Gallo-Roman culture This article covers the culture of Romanized areas of Gaul . For the political history of the brief `` Gallic Empire '' of the third century , see Gallic Empire .   The term Gallo-Roman describes the Romanized culture of Gaul under the rule of the Roman Empire . This was characterized by the Gaulish adoption or adaptation of Roman morals and way of life in a uniquely Gaulish context . The well-studied meld of cultures in Gaul gives historians a model against which to compare and contrast parallel developments of Romanization in other , less-studied Roman provinces .   Interpretatio romana offered Roman names for Gaulish deities such as the smith-god Gobannus , but of Celtic deities only the horse-patroness Epona penetrated Romanized cultures beyond the confines of Gaul .   The barbarian invasions beginning in the early fifth century forced upon Gallo-Roman culture fundamental changes in politics , in the economic underpinning , in military organization . The Gothic settlement of 418 offered a double loyalty , as Western Roman authority disintegrated at Rome . The plight of the highly Romanized governing class is examined by R.W. Mathisen , the struggles of bishop Hilary of Arles by M. Heinzelmann .   Into the seventh century , Gallo-Roman culture would persist particularly in the areas of Gallia Narbonensis that developed into Occitania , Cisalpine Gaul and to a lesser degree , Gallia Aquitania . The formerly Romanized north of Gaul , once it had been occupied by the Franks , would develop into Merovingian culture instead . Roman life , centered on the public events and cultural responsibilities of urban life in the res publica and the sometimes luxurious life of the self-sufficient rural villa system , took longer to collapse in the Gallo-Roman regions , where the Visigoths largely inherited the status quo in 418 . Gallo-Roman language persisted in the northeast into the Silva Carbonaria that formed an effective cultural barrier with the Franks to the north and east , and in the northwest to the lower valley of the Loire , where Gallo-Roman culture interfaced with Frankish culture in a city like Tours and in the person of that Gallo-Roman bishop confronted with Merovingian royals , Gregory of Tours . Based on mutual intelligibility , David Dalby counts seven languages descended from Gallo-Romance : Gallo-Wallon , French , Franco-Provençal ( Arpitan ) , Romansh , Ladin , Friulian , and Lombard . However , other definitions are far broader , variously encompassing the Rhaeto-Romance languages , Occitano-Romance languages , and Gallo-Italic languages .

neg: Latin Europe Latin Europe may refer to :   Romance-speaking Europe , the areas of Europe where Romance languages are spoken  Legacy of the Roman Empire , the cultural and religious legacy of the Roman Empire and its distribution  Western Christianity , the areas of Europe where Latin was used as the liturgical language of the church during the Middle Ages

neg: Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems .   The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics .   During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora .   Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .

neg: Romansh people The Romansh people ( also spelled Romansch , Rumantsch , or Romanche ; Romansh : , rumàntsch , or ) are a people and ethnic group of Switzerland , native speakers of the Romansh language . They are usually multilingual , also speaking German ( both the standard variety and the local Swiss German ) and sometimes Italian , which are the other official languages of Graubünden , the canton where they are concentrated .   They make up about 1 % of Switzerland 's population and 15 % of Graubünden 's .   The Romansh people began advocating for an end to German dominion over them starting with World War I . In 1937 the Swiss government recognized the Romansh language for the first time as one of Switzerland 's four national languages , though only for use within the canton , not at the federal level .   The Romansh people appeared to be mostly satisfied with this status until the 1980s when debate arose over Switzerland 's relationship with the greater European continent and the concept of the European Union began to form . The Romansh people advocated heavily for Switzerland 's membership in the Union , but the referendum to join it was narrowly defeated in 1992 by the German majority and Switzerland remained a nation apart with the Romansh people a nation apart within it though with ever-increasing sovereignty and recognition at the federal level to the point that Romansh is now considered one of the official federal languages of the Swiss Confederation .   The Romansh national leadership in Switzerland expressly stated its interest in Switzerland joining the European Union in terms of a pro-European stance and not an anti-Swiss-Confederation one , openly recognizing that the Confederation , though dominated by the German Swiss and with large Swiss French and Swiss Italian contingents , had sheltered the tiny Romansh minority population for nearly 200 years , never engaging in programs to erase their identity or language nor forcing them to relocate to accommodate any other ethnic group as had been the norm with a variety of other ethnic minorities throughout Europe . Though there have been some stumbling blocks , the history of the relationship between the Romansh people and the other ethnic peoples of Switzerland appears to have been and continues to be an unusually polite and respectful one .

neg: Romanian language Romanian ( obsolete spellings Rumanian , Roumanian ; autonym : limba română , or лимба ромынэ in Moldovan Cyrillic , -LSB- ˈlimba roˈmɨnə -RSB- , `` the Romanian language '' , or românește , lit . `` in Romanian '' ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 million people as a native language , primarily in Romania and Moldova , and by another 4 million people as a second language . It has official status in Romania and the Republic of Moldova . It is one of the official languages of the European Union and the Latin Union .   Romanian is a part of the Balkan-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin separated from the Western Romance during the 5th -- 8th centuries . To distinguish it within that group in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives , Aromanian , Megleno-Romanian , and Istro-Romanian .   During Soviet times -- and to some extent even today -- Romanian was called Moldovan in the Republic of Moldova , although the Constitutional Court ruled in 2013 that `` the official language of the republic is Romanian '' .   Romanian speakers are scattered across many other countries , notably Australia , Italy , Spain , Ukraine , Bulgaria , the United States , Canada , Brazil , Mexico , Argentina , Greece , Turkey , Russia , Portugal , the United Kingdom , Cyprus , France and Germany .

neg: Bible translations into Vietnamese The modern Vietnamese alphabet chữ Quốc ngữ was created by Portuguese and Italian Jesuit missionaries and institutionalized by Alexandre de Rhodes with the first printing of Catholic texts in Vietnamese in 1651 , but not the Bible . Some New Testament extracts were translated and printed in catechisms in Thailand in 1872 .   Jean Bonet ( 1844 -- 1907 ) , of the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales , Paris , translated the Gospel of Luke from French to Vietnamese in 1890 for the Protestant Convention in Paris .   In 1916 the Catholic Church published Albert Schlicklin 's Latin-Vietnamese parallel text Bible in Paris by the Paris Foreign Missions Society . Known under Schlicklin 's Vietnamese name Cố Chính Linh , the Cố Chính Linh version was still the most used Bible among Catholics in 1970s .   The organized work of British and Foreign Bible Society in Vietnam began in 1890 . The first translation from Greek , and still the standard Protestant Vietnamese version , was that of William Cadman ( New Testament 1923 , Old Testament 1926 ) . He worked for the Christian and Missionary Alliance ( CMA ) and co-operated with the British and Foreign Bible Society . The whole Bible was published in 1934 and is published by the Bible Society in Vietnam as the Old Version .   AN OVERVIEW OF TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE IN VIETNAMESE   Questions are often asked about the various Vietnamese translations of the Bible which are being promoted and circulated . Here is a summary complied with input from knowledgeable Vietnamese and missionary leaders , research on websites and consultation with the publishers of the various versions . Some points before I list the main versions circulating :   • Vietnam is blessed by several Bible translations in the Vietnamese language .  • Most translations tack toward the `` formal correspondence '' theory of translation where faithfulness to the original languages is of prime importance , though in addition some strive for contemporary language , or tailor the language to certain education levels .  • A detailed article called `` The History of Vietnamese Bible Translation '' ( up until 1996 ) , including Catholic translation , is available on the vnbaptist.org website .  • Vietnamese Bible translation and publication is large and competitive business . Controversy appears to affect each translation effort .  • Bible printing is a lucrative business for Vietnamese printers , and virtually any translation will readily get official permission to print . Government permission to print says nothing about the quality of a translation .  • The translators and publishers claim various relationships for their versions with the original Greek and Hebrew texts . Some translators have studied Greek and/or Hebrew in seminary . Some use Hebrew and Greek interlinear Bibles in their work . One translation reports it is back-checked against the original texts . One translation reports it was done directly from the original texts . The 1926 Cadman/Phan Khoi version , and other secondary language versions are often used in the translation process .  • Some translations are one-person efforts while others employed multiple translators and consulted with recognized Bible translation experts from organizations such as Wycliffe , the United Bible Societies or the International Bible Society .  • Most versions are still inputting revisions in subsequent printings .  • The practice of distributing Bibles free-of-charge in Vietnam , questionable as it may be to some , is now widely established . So the resources behind the respective versions will affect their current distribution and use . Eventually the better versions will self-select .  • Remarks here have input from the publishers and promoters of the various versions . But summaries and opinions are mine . This is for background information , not promotion of any version . More information is available at the publishers ' websites provided .   Main versions in circulation ( roughly in order of appearance ) :   1 . The original 1926 Cadman/Phan Khoi version - still being printed and most widely used . It was a stroke of missionary genius to employ a leading Vietnamese literary figure of the time in the translation . William Cadman and Phan Khoi also had the then-recently-completed Latin-Vietnamese diglot Catholic Bible to use . ( A study is currently underway to see how much the Catholic version was used as a source . ) They would also likely have used available English , French and Chinese versions . Grace Cadman , who also worked on this Bible , had studied the Greek and Hebrew at a graduate level in a Canadian university . There have been a number of printings of this Bible since official permission to print Bibles in Vietnam was resumed in 1995 . Well over a million Scripture portions , NTs and whole Bibles have been printed since 1995 .   In 1998 a `` corrected version '' of this Bible was published . The corrections were chiefly done by Pham Xuan Thieu and Vietnam Ministries Inc. ( VMI ) and finalized by Le Cao Quy who represented the UBS in Vietnam at the time .   In 2010 a UBS-supervised `` revised version '' of the original 1926 Bible was published . It incorporates the `` corrected version '' above , and further involved both indigenous Vietnamese and Viet Kieu in the revision process . The 1926 version gained a kind of King James Bible status during the first three generations of its life and the work on this `` revised version '' could be compared to what was done in the New King James Bible in updating archaic language . This Bible is likely to become or remain the dominant translation , especially in liturgical settings .   In 1966 the Vietnamese Bible Society was established . The Bible societies distributed 53,170 Bible examples and 120,170 New Testament examples in Vietnamese within the country in 2005 . In 2008 the New Vietnamese Bible was published .   2 . Before 1975 the respected teacher , Dr. Le Hoang Phu , began a `` Living Bible '' or `` Contemporary Translation '' . He continued after he left Vietnam in 1975 . A draft copy of the whole Bible in this translation was published by VMI in 1994 . But the finalization of the project and larger printing and distribution has been delayed since Dr. Phu 's death . However , the final revision and printing of this contemporary translation is anticipated in 2013 or 2014 . It is expected to be especially suitable to use with non-Christians . It would likely be the translation closest to using the `` meaning equivalent '' theory of translation .   3 . In 1977 Nhóm Phiên dịch Các Giờ kinh Phụng vụ ( NPD-CGKPV ) , a working group established in 1971 to translate the Liturgy of the Hours , started translating the New Testament . It had been completed in 1993 and had the permission to publish one year later ; after that , the whole Bible translation with some short references had been completed in 1998 . This version , which has been published since 1999 , is named KPA and is the most used Catholic Bible in Vietnam nowadays . The group has been continuing to revise it in the version called KPB .   Before NPD-CGKPV , there were 5 complete Catholic Bible translations , all by individual priests : Albert Schlicklin ( 1913 ) , Gérard Gagnon ( 1963 ) , Trần Đức Huân ( 1970 ) , Nguyễn Thế Thuấn ( 1976 ) , and Cardinal Trịnh Văn Căn ( 1985 ) .   4 . The `` New Vietnamese Bible '' ( ban dich moi ) translation is a project of the Texas-based Vietnamese Bible Inc. ( VBI ) and most prominently associated with Pastor Tran Dao . It was conceived when Vietnamese refugees fleeing Vietnam to the US after the communist takeover identified a need for a new translation . The UBS supported this and has walked with VBI throughout the project . This translation benefited from a number of Vietnamese pastors of various denominations working 16 years , with training and supervision by UBS and WBT . The nvbible website states , `` The New Vietnamese Bible was translated directly from the Hebrew and Greek texts . '' Completed in 2002 , it is available in several New Testament and whole Bible formats , including a NT pocket version .   The NVB translation has also been printed in a diglot version alongside the New English Translation . It is diglot but not parallel . VBI is well-resourced for distribution and has extensive plans to promote this Bible for evangelism through churches in Vietnam . More than 800,000 NTs and whole Bibles have been printed to date and it would currently be the second most available version in Vietnam . See nvbible.net for more information .   5 . Mr. Pham Quang Tam 's Popular ( or Easy-to-Read ) Version ( ban pho thong ) said to be aimed at `` common people '' , is reported to be based on the New Century Version developed by the World Bible Translation Center . The WBTC specializes in simple translations aimed at those with 6th to 8th grade education . Mr. Tam reports that the translation `` went through a ` back translation ' process through which Greek and Hebrew scholars of WBTC check for accuracy . '' WBTC printed 100,000 copies of this Popular Version for the 2011 Protestant Centennial in Vietnam . Now merged with the Bible League the organization is raising funds to print another 100,000 in Vietnam . WBTC website is www.wbtc.com .   6 . Pastor Dang Ngoc Bau 's translation is called the 2011 Bible . Pastor Bau began this translation in 1995 , before any new translations were available , for his own spiritual nourishment , preaching and teaching . His target was new Viet Kieu believers with high school education . Now completed , though still a work-in-progress according to Pastor Bau , this Bible is promoted by the Vietnamese Bible Association , Inc. . More information can be found at the VBA website . The translation is available on YouVersion.com and BibleGateway.com .   7 . Another translation based on the NIV is being led by Ho Xuan Phu of Vietnamese Ministries Inc. ( VMI ) with some consultation with the UBS , IBS and WBT . It is being published as a parallel diglot with the English NIV in order to target students and young people , many of whom are studying English . The NT is done and circulating . The goal is to finish the whole Bible by 2015 . It is also planned to eventually publish this translation in a Vietnamese-only version . Contact <info@vpns.org> or www.vpns.org for more information .

neg: Radio Romania International Radio România Internaţional ( Radio România Internaţional , or RRI ) is a Romanian radio station owned by the Romanian public radio broadcaster Societatea Română de Radiodifuziune ( SRR , the national public radio in Romania ) that broadcasts abroad . Prior to 1989 , the station was known as Radio Bucharest .   According to the Romanian law nr . 41/1994 , republished , the SRR produces and broadcasts programmes in the Romanian language and other languages , for worldwide auditorium , to promote the image of Romania , and her internal and external politics . As a result , inside the SRR there is Departamentul Radio România Internaţional ( The Department Radio Romania International ) ( RRI ) , that owns two radio stations :   RRI 1 - `` Romania Live ''   As of March 2001 , RRI 1 has broadcast daily shows under the heading `` Romania , live '' , a summary of the shows produced by the main departments in the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Corporation . This summary is broadcast around the clock via the satellite , on the Internet ( in RealAudio ) , and also on short waves ( to Central and Western Europe and Israel ) , 8 hours per day . RRI 1 has daily broadcasts around the clock in Romanian , and three 30 minute-broadcasts in the Aromanian dialect , which add up to 9,300 hours per year .   RRI 2 - `` Radio Bridges ''   RRI 2 produces and broadcasts shows in ten foreign languages : Arabic , Chinese , English , French , German , Italian , Serbian , Spanish , Russian and Ukrainian , which total 25.5 hours per day . In other words , 9,300 more broadcasting hours per year .   People can listen to the programmes on mediumwave , shortwave , and FM , and also via satellite and other means of delivery ; RRI has 51 hours of radio programme every day , which amount to more than 18,600 hours of radio production in 12 months .

neg: Barsoomian language Barsoomian is the constructed language of the fictional Barsoomians , the sapient humanoid inhabitants of Mars in the Barsoom series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was developed from Burroughs ' examples and descriptions by Paul Frommer for the 2012 film John Carter of Mars ; Frommer also created the Na ' vi language for Avatar .   Spoken Barsoomian has mostly lexical words , with the equivalent of grammatical words such as prepositions and pronouns conveyed telepathically . There are few inflections , and word order is fixed to verb -- subject -- object . Possession is indicated by juxtaposing the object with the possessor , as in Malay . There is a word that makes direct object definite , as in Hebrew . The vocabulary is relatively simple , with little poetic language .   Some inflection is found in the pronouns . For the object , the initial consonant is suffixed : tu `` I '' , tut `` me '' ; ki `` he '' , kik `` him '' . To form the plural , the consonants are voiced : du `` we '' , dud `` us '' , gi `` they '' .   The effect of the language is staccato . There are ten vowels , five long and five short , transcribed short a e i o u and long aa ey ee oa oo ; diphthongs are ao ( as in how ) and ay ( as in high ) . Consonants are similar to English ( b d j g , p t -LSB- linktʃtj -RSB- k , v z , f -LSB- linkθth -RSB- s h , r l , m n , w y ) , with the addition of the velar fricatives ch -LSB- blinkx -RSB- and gh -LSB- blinkɣ -RSB- . Consonants , both voiced and unvoiced , may also be long or short .   In the books it is mentioned that Barsoomian is the only language spoken on the entire planet of Barsoom . Therefore , there never are any language barriers between different people from Barsoom , no matter what country or city on the planet they originate from . Written versions of Barsoomian however can differ greatly between different cities .

neg: Rhaetian language Rhaetian -LSB- ˈriːʃən -RSB- or Rhaetic ( Raetic ) -LSB- ˈriːtᵻk -RSB- was a language spoken in the ancient region of Rhaetia in the Eastern Alps in pre-Roman and Roman times . It is documented by a limited number of short inscriptions ( found through Northern Italy , Southern Germany , Eastern Switzerland , Slovenia and Western Austria ) in two variants of the Etruscan alphabet . Its linguistic categorization is not clearly established , and it presents a confusing mixture of what appear to be Etruscan , Indo-European and uncertain other elements .   The ancient Rhaetic language is not the same as one of the modern Romance languages of the same Alpine region , known as Rhaeto-Romance , but both are sometimes referred to as `` Rhaetian '' .

neg: Sardinian language Sardinian ( sardu , limba sarda , lingua sarda ) or Sard is the primary indigenous Romance language spoken on most of the island of Sardinia ( Italy ) . Of the Romance languages , it is considered one of the closest , if not the closest , to Latin . However , it also incorporates a Pre-Latin ( Paleo-Sardinian , also known as Nuragic , and , to a much lesser degree , Punic ) substratum , and a Byzantine Greek , Catalan , Spanish and Italian superstratum due to the past political membership of the island , first gravitating towards the Hispanic sphere of influence and later towards the Italian one .   Sardinian consists of two mutually intelligible varieties , each with its own literature : Campidanese and Logudorese , spoken respectively in the southern half and in the north-central part of Sardinia . Some attempts have been made to introduce a standardized writing system for administrative purposes by combining the two Sardinian varieties , like the LSU ( Limba Sarda Unificada , `` Unified Sardinian Language '' ) and LSC ( Limba Sarda Comuna , `` Common Sardinian Language '' ) , but they have not been generally acknowledged by native speakers .   In 1997 Sardinian , along with all the other languages spoken by the Sardinians , was recognized by a regional law ; since 1999 , Sardinian is also one of the twelve `` historical language minorities '' of Italy and protected as such by the national Law no. 482/1999 . However , the language is in retreat and UNESCO classifies both main varieties as `` definitely endangered '' ; although an estimated 68.4 percent of the islanders have a good oral command of Sardinian . Italian is displacing it nonetheless in many cases , and language ability among children has been estimated to have dropped in fact to around 13 percent .

neg: Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova A controversy exists over the national identity and name of the native language of the main ethnic group in the Republic of Moldova . The issue more frequently disputed is whether Moldovans constitute a subgroup of Romanians or a separate ethnic group . While there is wide agreement about the existence of a common language , the controversy persists about the use of the term `` Moldovan language '' in certain political contexts .   The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova from 1991 calls the official language `` Romanian '' , and the first anthem adopted by the independent Moldova was `` Deșteaptă-te , române '' ( `` Awaken , Romanian ! '' ) , the same as the anthem of Romania . Mirroring political evolutions in the country , the Constitution of Moldova ( 1994 ) calls the official language `` Moldovan '' , and establishes as anthem `` Limba noastră '' ( Our language , without any explicit reference to its name ) . Moreover , in 2003 , a non-judicial political document called `` The Concept of National Policy of the Republic of Moldova '' , adopted by the then Communist-dominated Parliament , explicitly designates the Romanians as an ethnic minority in Moldova .   The officially sanctioned distinction between Moldovans and Romanians has been criticized by some members of the scientific community within Moldova , and it has raised protests from certain segments of the population , especially intellectuals and students , at their turn inspired by several political forces . Furthermore , the problem strained Moldova 's diplomatic relations with neighboring Romania .

neg: Luxembourgish Luxembourgish , Luxemburgish ( -LSB- ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːrɡᵻʃ -RSB- ) or Letzeburgesch ( -LSB- ˌlɛtsəbɜːrˈɡɛʃ , _ ˌlɛtsbɜːr - -RSB- or -LSB- ˈlɛtsəˌbɜːrɡᵻʃ , _ ˈlɛtsˌbɜːr - -RSB- ) ( Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuergesch ) is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg . Worldwide , about 390,000 people speak Luxembourgish . .   While it could be considered a standardized variety ( i.e. , a dialect with a written form ) of German , its official use in the state of Luxembourg and the existence of a separate regulatory body has removed Luxembourgish , at least in part , from the domain of the Dachsprache Standard German . Despite the lack of a sharp boundary between Luxembourgish and the neighboring German dialects , this has led several linguists ( from Luxembourg as well as Germany ) to regard it as a separate , yet closely related language .

neg: Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia .   As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages .   Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars .   Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species .   Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space .  The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms .   In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include :  Douglas Adams 's babel fish  The TARDIS from Doctor Who  The translator microbes in Farscape  The universal translator from Star Trek   In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo .   In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) .   Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two .   A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own .  Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand )  The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series  The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary )  For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film   The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value .  In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator .  In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly .  In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' .  In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders .  C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi .  Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' .  Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah .   Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity .  In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations .  In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages .  Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics .   Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy .  There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek .  In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot .  Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 .  In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect .  In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese .  In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols  Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .

neg: Latin poetry The history of Latin poetry can be understood as the adaptation of Greek models . The verse comedies of Plautus are considered the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature and are estimated to have been composed around 205-184 BC .   The start of Latin literature is conventionally dated to the first performance of a play in verse by a Greek slave , Livius Andronicus , at Rome in 240 BC . Livius translated Greek New Comedy for Roman audiences , using meters that were basically those of Greek drama , modified to the needs of Latin . His successors Plautus and Terence further refined the borrowings from the Greek stage and the prosody of their verse is substantially the same as for classical Latin verse .   The traditional meter of Greek epic , the dactylic hexameter , was introduced into Latin literature by Ennius ( 239-169 BC ) , virtually a contemporary of Livius , who substituted it for the jerky Saturnian meter in which Livius had been composing epic verses . Ennius moulded a poetic diction and style suited to the imported hexameter , providing a model for ` classical ' poets such as Virgil and Ovid .   The late republic saw the emergence of Neoteric Poets , notably Catullusrich young men from the Italian provinces , conscious of metropolitan sophistication , and looking to the scholarly Alexandrian poet Callimachus for inspiration . Catullus shared the Alexandrian 's preference for short poems and wrote within a variety of meters borrowed from Greece , including Aeolian forms such as hendecasyllabic verse , the Sapphic stanza and Greater Asclepiad , as well as iambic verses such as the choliamb and the iambic tetrameter catalectic ( a dialogue meter borrowed from Old Comedy ) .   Horace , whose career crossed the divide between republic and empire , followed Catullus ' lead in employing Greek lyrical forms , identifying with Alcaeus of Mytilene , composing Alcaic stanzas , and also with Archilochus , composing poetic invectives in the Iambus tradition ( in which he adopted the metrical form of the Epode or ` Iambic Distich ' ) . Horace was a contemporary of Virgil and , like the epic poet , he wrote verses in dactylic hexameter , but in a conversational and epistolary style . Virgil 's hexameters are generally regarded as `` the supreme metrical system of Latin literature . ''


query: The Ten Commandments is an American movie.

pos: The Ten Commandments (1956 film) The Ten Commandments is a 1956 American biblical epic film produced , directed , and narrated by Cecil B. DeMille , shot in VistaVision ( color by Technicolor ) , and released by Paramount Pictures . The film is based on Prince of Egypt by Dorothy Clarke Wilson , Pillar of Fire by J.H. Ingraham , On Eagle 's Wings by A.E. Southon , and the Book of Exodus . The Ten Commandments dramatizes the biblical story of the life of Moses , an adopted Egyptian prince who becomes the deliverer of his real brethren , the enslaved Hebrews , and therefore leads the Exodus to Mount Sinai , where he receives , from God , the Ten Commandments . The film stars Charlton Heston in the lead role , Yul Brynner as Rameses , Anne Baxter as Nefretiri , Edward G. Robinson as Dathan , Yvonne De Carlo as Sephora , Debra Paget as Lilia , and John Derek as Joshua ; and features Sir Cedric Hardwicke as Sethi , Nina Foch as Bithiah , Martha Scott as Yoshebel , Judith Anderson as Memnet , and Vincent Price as Baka , among others .   Filmed on location in Egypt , Mount Sinai and the Sinai Peninsula , the film was DeMille 's last and most successful work . It is a partial remake of his 1923 silent film of the same title , and features one of the largest sets ever created for a film . The film was released to cinemas in the USA on 5 October 1956 and , at the time of its release , was the most expensive film ever made .   In 1957 , the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Best Picture , winning the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects ( John P. Fulton , A.S.C. ) . Charlton Heston was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture ( Drama ) for his role as Moses . Yul Brynner won the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor for his role as Rameses and his other roles in Anastasia and The King and I . It is also one of the most financially successful films ever made , grossing approximately $ 122.7 million at the box office during its initial release ; it was the most successful film of 1956 and the second-highest-grossing film of the decade . According to Guinness World Records , in terms of theatrical exhibition it is the seventh most successful film of all-time when the box office gross is adjusted for inflation .   In 1999 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . The film was listed as the tenth best film in the epic genre . Network television has aired the film in prime time during the Passover/Easter season every year since 1973 . The last credited actor in the movie still alive is Joanna Merlin .

neg: Devil's Knot (film) Devil 's Knot is a 2013 American biographical crime film directed by Atom Egoyan . The film is based on a true story as told in Mara Leveritt 's 2002 book of the same name , concerning three teenagers known as the West Memphis Three , who were convicted of killing three young boys during the Satanic ritual abuse panic . They were subsequently sentenced to death ( Echols ) and life imprisonment ( Baldwin and Misskelley ) . Produced by Elizabeth Fowler , Richard Saperstein , Clark Peterson , Christopher Woodrow , and Paul Harris Boardman , the film stars Colin Firth , Reese Witherspoon , Mireille Enos , Dane DeHaan , Kevin Durand , Bruce Greenwood , Stephen Moyer , Elias Koteas , Amy Ryan , and Alessandro Nivola .   The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2013 , followed by a wider release later that year . The film had a limited release in Canadian theaters on January 24 , 2014 , and was released in U.S. theaters and video on demand services on May 9 , 2014 .

neg: Oh, God! Oh , God ! is a 1977 American Technicolor comedy film starring George Burns and John Denver . Based on a novel of the same name by Avery Corman , the film was directed by Carl Reiner from a screenplay written by Larry Gelbart . The story centres on unassuming supermarket manager Jerry Landers ( Denver ) , chosen by God ( Burns ) to spread his message despite the skepticism of the media , religious authorities , and Landers ' own wife ( Teri Garr ) .   The film inspired two sequels , Oh , God ! Book II ( 1980 ) and Oh , God ! You Devil ( 1984 ) , both of which featured Burns reprising his role , but with no other recurring characters from the original story .

neg: Renee Tenison Reneé Tenison ( born December 2 , 1968 ) is an American model , actress , and the first African-American selected to be the Playboy Playmate of the Year ( 1990 ) .

neg: Twentieth Century (film) Twentieth Century is a 1934 American pre-Code screwball comedy film . Much of the film is set on the 20th Century Limited train as it travels from Chicago to New York City . The film was directed by Howard Hawks , stars John Barrymore and Carole Lombard , and features Walter Connolly , Roscoe Karns and Edgar Kennedy . Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur adapted their Broadway play of the same name -- itself based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland -- with uncredited contributions from Gene Fowler and Preston Sturges .   Along with Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night , also released in 1934 ( which amazingly has exactly the same music over the opening titles ) , Twentieth Century is considered to be a prototype for the screwball comedy . `` Howard Hawks ' rapid-fire romantic comedy established the essential ingredients of the screwball -- a dizzy dame , a charming but befuddled hero , dazzling dialogue and a dash of slapstick . '' Its success propelled Lombard into the front ranks of film comediennes . The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011 .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Hadassah: One Night with the King Hadassah : One Night with the King is a 2004 novel by Tommy Tenney and Mark Andrew Olsen based upon a retelling of the Biblical Book of Esther . However , `` One Night with the King '' follows almost identically the novel `` Esther '' by Nathaniel Weinreb in plot , including direct quotes and events in the novel . It was made into a film released in 2006 in the United States . Tenney is one of the producers of the film .

neg: Rules of Engagement (film) Rules of Engagement is a 2000 American war film directed by William Friedkin , written by Jim Webb and starring Tommy Lee Jones and Samuel L. Jackson . Jackson plays U.S. Marine Colonel Terry Childers , who is brought to court-martial after men under Childers ' orders kill a large number of civilians outside the U.S. embassy in Yemen .

neg: Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 .   Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography .   Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups .   Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .

neg: Knocking (film) Knocking is a 2006 documentary film directed by Joel Engardio and Tom Shepard that focuses on the civil liberties fought for by Jehovah 's Witnesses . It focuses primarily on the stories of three Jehovah 's Witnesses , and how their lives demonstrate three fundamental Witness teachings that have affected society in general : Conscientious objection , and rejection of blood transfusions and saluting the flag .   Knocking explored how the unpopular religion of Jehovah 's Witnesses played a major role in First Amendment history , setting Supreme Court precedents that expanded individual liberties for all Americans .   In interviews , director Joel Engardio said Knocking is not about the theology of Jehovah 's Witnesses but instead uses the religion as a case study to examine how disparate and disagreeable groups can hold their unique beliefs without marginalizing or limiting the freedom of others . `` We may not be each others ' cup of tea , '' Engardio said on NPR , `` but tolerance allows a variety of kettles to peacefully share the stove . ''   Knocking won several film festival awards including Best Documentary at the USA Film Festival and was covered in Newsweek , USA Today and newspapers across the United States . Entertainment Weekly named it `` What to Watch . '' Knocking was broadcast in the United States on PBS . It was also broadcast in Australia , Canada , Greece and Israel . Knocking was released on DVD in English , Spanish , Portuguese , Russian and Korean .

neg: Ben 10: Race Against Time Ben 10 : Race Against Time ( also known as Ben 10 : The Movie ) is a 2007 American live-action adaptation of the animated television series Ben 10 created by Man of Action . The working title was Ben 10 in the Hands of Armageddon . Directed by Alex Winter , it premiered on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States as a Cartoon Network original film .

neg: Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .

neg: The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short .   Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics .   Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .

neg: Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy `` Remember the sabbath day , to keep it holy '' is one of the Ten Commandments found in the Hebrew Bible .   The full text of the commandment reads :

neg: Manticore (film) Manticore is an American Sci-Fi original movie that aired on the Sci-Fi Channel on November 26 , 2005 . It was directed by Tripp Reed and featured Heather Donahue , Chase Masterson and Robert Beltran . It is about a squad of United States Army soldiers in Iraq that must fight against a resurrected , nearly unstoppable manticore awoken from its slumber by an Iraqi insurgent leader .

neg: Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .

neg: Sins of the Father (2002 film) Sins of the Father is a 2002 American docudrama directed by Robert Dornhelm . The teleplay by John Pielmeier is based on a Texas Monthly article by Pamela Colloff chronicling the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham , Alabama in which four young African American girls were killed while attending Sunday-school . The victims were Addie Mae Collins , 14 yrs old ; Denise McNair , 11 yrs old ; Carole Robertson , 14 yrs old ; and Cynthia Welsley , 14 yrs old . It was believed that there were 5 girls together in the church basement on that fateful day , but only one survived : young Sarah Collins , Addie Mae 's younger sister . The bombing was racially motivated and carried out by members of the Ku Klux Klan .   The film was shot in Toronto . The cast includes Tom Sizemore , Richard Jenkins , Ving Rhames , Colm Feore , Jackie Richardson , Connor Price , Aaryn Doyle , Isys McKoy , Jessica Gray Charles , and Funmiola Lawson .   Rhames was nominated for the Black Reel Award for Best Actor and the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie , Mini-Series or Dramatic Special . Pielmeier 's teleplay earned him nominations for the Humanitas Prize and the Writers Guild of America Award .

neg: Decoration Day (film) Decoration Day is a 1990 film based on a novel by John William Corrington of the same title . The made-for-TV movie was directed by Robert Markowitz and filmed on location in Georgia .

neg: Brothers (2009 film) Brothers is a 2009 American psychological war drama film and a remake of Susanne Bier 's Danish film Brødre ( 2004 ) , which takes place in Afghanistan and Denmark . The film stars Tobey Maguire , Jake Gyllenhaal , and Natalie Portman , and is directed by Jim Sheridan . Both films take inspiration from Homer 's epic poem , the Odyssey . The film received a mixed to positive response and grossed $ 43 million . Tobey Maguire received particular praise for his performance and received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama for his performance .

neg: American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .

neg: The Believers The Believers is a 1987 American neo-noir thriller film directed by John Schlesinger , released in 1987 and starring Martin Sheen , Robert Loggia and Helen Shaver . It is based on the 1982 novel The Religion by Nicholas Conde .


query: The Playboy Club's cast includes Wes Ramsey.

pos: The Playboy Club The Playboy Club is an American historical crime drama television series that aired on NBC from September 19 to October 3 , 2011 . Set in 1961 , the series centers on the employees ( known as Bunnies ) of the original Playboy Club operating in Chicago . The Playboy Club stars Eddie Cibrian , Laura Benanti , Amber Heard , Jenna Dewan Tatum , Naturi Naughton , Leah Renee , Wes Ramsey , Jenifer Lewis , and David Krumholtz .   The Playboy Club was canceled on October 4 , 2011 , after three episodes aired , due to its low ratings . It was the first cancellation of the 2011 -- 12 television season . NBC continued to film the series until October 10 , 2011 , hoping to sell the series to another network . Both Playboy magnate Hugh Hefner and show creator Chad Hodge have expressed hope that the series will be picked up by Bravo .   When production wrapped on October 10 , 2011 , Hodge and Laura Benanti both confirmed that they had finished seven episodes , including the pilot . Benanti further stated that the seventh episode has two endings , one of which is more final to the series .

neg: All Wives Cheat All Wives Cheat is a Playboy TV fictional reality adult show that is based on a popular online series of the same name . Marketed as an adult version of the television show Cheaters , it catches unfaithful spouses and lovers engaged in various sex acts .

neg: Ken Mitsuishi is a Japanese actor . He has appeared in films such as Chaos and Tokyo Playboy Club .

neg: Erika Eleniak Erika Eleniak ( born September 29 , 1969 ) is an American Playboy Playmate , former model and actress best known for her role in Baywatch as Shauni McClain . Her film debut was a small part in E.T. : The Extra-Terrestrial ( 1982 ) . She later starred in the films The Blob , Under Siege and The Beverly Hillbillies .

neg: Renee Tenison Reneé Tenison ( born December 2 , 1968 ) is an American model , actress , and the first African-American selected to be the Playboy Playmate of the Year ( 1990 ) .

neg: The Third Girl from the Left The Third Girl From the Left is a 1973 made-for-TV movie starring Kim Novak . She plays Gloria Joyce , a chorus girl who has an affair with a delivery boy ( Michael Brandon ) when she realizes that her long-time affair with a nightclub comedian ( Tony Curtis ) is not going anywhere . This was the TV-movie debut for both Kim Novak and Tony Curtis . Also in the cast are Michael Conrad , George Furth and Barbi Benton . This was originally shown on October 16 , 1973 . Hugh Hefner was the Executive Producer for this film , which was made by Playboy Films . It was written by Dory Previn and directed by Peter Medak .

neg: Shari Belafonte Shari Lynn Belafonte ( born September 22 , 1954 ) is an American actress , model , writer and singer . The raspy-voiced daughter of singer Harry Belafonte , she is known for her role as Julie Gilette on the 1980s television series Hotel and as a spokesperson for the diet supplement Slim-Fast during the 1990s .

neg: Club (magazine) Club is a monthly American pornographic magazine which is a spin-off publication of the United Kingdom 's Club International . Club features sexually oriented articles , video reviews , and pictorials that include hardcore pornography , masturbation , dildo usage , and lesbianism .

neg: Hugh Hefner Hugh Marston Hefner ( born April 9 , 1926 ) is an American men 's lifestyle magazine publisher , businessman , and a well-known playboy . Hefner is a native of Chicago , Illinois and a former journalist for Esquire . He is best known for being the founder and chief creative officer of Playboy Enterprises . A self-made multi-millionaire , his net worth is over $ 43 million due to his success as the founder of Playboy magazine . Hefner is also a political activist and philanthropist active in several causes and public issues . He is a World War II veteran .

neg: Playboy Club The Playboy Club was initially a chain of nightclubs and resorts owned and operated by Playboy Enterprises . The first club opened at 116 E. Walton Street in downtown Chicago , Illinois , United States , on February 29 , 1960 . Each club generally featured a Living Room , a Playmate Bar , a Dining Room , and a Club Room . Members and their guests were served food and drinks by Playboy Bunnies , some of whom were featured in Playboy magazine . The clubs offered name entertainers and comedians in the Club Rooms , and local musicians and the occasional close-up magician in the Living Rooms . Starting with the London and Jamaica club locations , the Playboy Club became international in scope . In 1991 , the club chain became defunct . On October 6 , 2006 a new club was opened in Las Vegas , and in 2010 new clubs were opened as well in Macao and Cancun . In time the Las Vegas club closed on June 4 , 2012 , the Macao club closed in 2013 and the Cancun club closed in 2014 . In May 2014 the Commerce Casino in Los Angeles opened a Playboy themed lounge consisting of gaming tables and Playboy Bunny cocktail waitresses .

neg: Renee Humphrey Renee Humphrey ( born January 27 , 1975 ) is an American actress who has appeared in both film and television .

neg: Wes Brown (actor) James Wesley `` Wes '' Brown ( born January 26 , 1982 ) is an American actor .

neg: Clubber Lang James `` Clubber '' Lang is a fictional character created by Sylvester Stallone for the film Rocky III , which was released in 1982 . Lang serves as the main antagonist of the film and was portrayed by Mr. T.   Lang is a professional boxer fighting out of Chicago , Illinois and a one-time world heavyweight champion , having taken the title from Rocky Balboa only to lose it back to Balboa in his next fight . The character is very loosely based on a combination of Sonny Liston , Larry Holmes and George Foreman .

neg: List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles .   Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive .   Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture .   At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .

neg: Cara Zavaleta Cara Zavaleta ( born June 15 , 1980 in Bowling Green , Ohio ) is an American model and actress , known for her appearances on the MTV reality series Road Rules : South Pacific , and as the November 2004 Playboy Playmate .

neg: Playboy After Dark Playboy After Dark is an American television show hosted by Hugh Hefner . It aired in syndication through Screen Gems from 1969 to 1970 and was taped at CBS Television City in Los Angeles .

neg: Brian Van Holt Brian Van Holt ( born July 6 , 1969 ) is an American actor . He is known for playing Bobby Cobb on the ABC sitcom Cougar Town .

neg: Marissa Cooper Marissa Cooper is a fictional character on the FOX television series The O.C. , portrayed by Mischa Barton . Marissa was among the original `` core four '' characters on The O.C. . She is a privileged California native born into a wealthy family , residing next to the Cohen family 's house . Throughout The O.C. 's storyline , Marissa is introduced to new characters who influence her perspective on life and her personality .

neg: Patti Reynolds Patti Reynolds ( born May 28 , 1948 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American model and actress who was Playboy magazine 's Playmate of the Month for its September 1965 issue ( at the age of 17 ) . Her centerfold was photographed by Stan Malinowski . She also appears in a photograph on page 56 dated 1960 ( along with Ashlyn Martin and two other bunnies ) in The Bunny Years by Kathryn Leigh Scott , for which she also wrote a short bio of herself .   In January 1966 Patti was subpoenaed by a Federal grand jury investigating the crime syndicate in Chicago . Also subpoenaed were reputed underworld figures Fiori ( Fifi ) Buccieri , 59 , and Charles ( Chuckie ) English , 52 . Reynolds was identified by Federal authorities as an intimate friend of Frank ( the Horse ) Buccieri , 52 , the brother of Fiori .

neg: Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor .   Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) .   He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .

neg: King of Clubs (TV series) King of Clubs was an adult reality series aired on Playboy TV that ended in May 2009 . It revolved around the Gentile family and their operation of Las Vegas ' historic Palomino Strip Club .