query: Liberty bonds were bought in the United States.

pos: Liberty bond A Liberty bond ( or liberty loan ) was a war bond that was sold in the United States to support the allied cause in World War I. Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of patriotic duty in the United States and introduced the idea of financial securities to many citizens for the first time . The Act of Congress which authorized the Liberty Bonds is still used today as the authority under which all U.S. Treasury bonds are issued .   Securities , also known as Liberty Bonds , were issued in the aftermath of the September 11 , 2001 , terrorist attacks to finance the rebuilding of the areas affected .

neg: Liberty Party (United States, 1840) The Liberty Party was a minor political party in the United States in the 1840s ( with some offshoots surviving into the 1850s and 1860s ) . The party was an early advocate of the abolitionist cause . It broke away from the American Anti-Slavery Society ( AASS ) to advocate the view that the Constitution was an anti-slavery document ; William Lloyd Garrison , leader of the AASS , held the contrary view that the Constitution should be condemned as an evil pro-slavery document . The party included abolitionists who were willing to work within electoral politics to try to influence people to support their goals ; the radical Garrison , by contrast , opposed voting and working within the system .

neg: Flag and coat of arms of New Jersey The coat of arms of the state of New Jersey includes :  A shield with three plows , representative of New Jersey 's agricultural tradition .  A forward-facing helmet .  A horse 's head as the crest of the helmet .  The female figures Liberty and Ceres , representative of the state 's motto ( see next item ) . Liberty is holding a staff supporting a `` liberty cap '' ; Ceres is holding an overflowing cornucopia .  The streamer at the foot of the emblem contains the State Motto of New Jersey , `` Liberty and Prosperity '' , and the year of statehood , 1776 .   It was originally designed by Pierre Eugene du Simitiere in 1777 and was modified slightly in 1928 .   The seal is the central motif in the flag of New Jersey and the Great Seal of the State of New Jersey .   The coat of arms contains a horse 's head ; beneath that is a helmet , showing that New Jersey governs itself , and it has three plows on a shield to highlight the state 's agriculture tradition , which shows why the state has the nickname `` Garden State '' . The two Goddesses represent the state motto , `` Liberty and Prosperity '' . Liberty is on the left . She is holding a staff with a liberty cap on it , and the word liberty underneath her . The goddess on the right is Ceres , goddess of agriculture . She is holding a cornucopia with prosperity written below her .   According to the minutes of the New Jersey General Assembly for May 11 , 1896 , the date on which the Assembly officially approved the flag as the state emblem , the buff color is due indirectly to George Washington , who had ordered on September 14 , 1779 , that the uniform coats of the New Jersey Continental Line be dark ( Jersey ) blue , with buff facings . Buff-colored facings had until then been reserved only for his own uniform and those of other Continental generals and their aides . Then , on February 14 , 1780 the Continental War Officers in Philadelphia directed that the uniform coat facings of all regiments were to be the same as the background color of the regiments ' state flag .   The seal is described in New Jersey statute Title 52 , § 2-1 :   In 2015 a circular letter issued by the State of New Jersey Department of the Treasury addressed the issue of unapproved and incorrect versions of `` The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey '' . Many of which incorrectly show the underskirt in blue and not argent .

neg: Patriot Act, Title III, Subtitle B The USA PATRIOT Act was passed by the United States Congress in 2001 as a response to the September 11 attacks in 2001 . It has ten titles , with the third title ( `` Title III : International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 '' ) written to prevent , detect , and prosecute international money laundering and the financing of terrorism .   Title III is itself divided into three subtitles . The second subtitle , entitled Subtitle B : Bank Secrecy Act Amendments and Related Improvements , largely modifies the Bank Secrecy Act ( BSA ) to make it harder for money launderers to operate , and to make it easier for law enforcement and regulatory agencies to police money laundering operations . The BSA was amended to allow the designated officer or agency who receives suspicious transaction reports to notify U.S. intelligence agencies . It also addresses issues of record keeping and reporting by making it easier to undertake the reporting of suspicious transactions ; by making it a requirement that financial institutions report suspicious transactions ; through the creation of anti-money laundering programs and by better defining anti-money laundering strategy ; and by making it a requirement that anyone who does business file a report for any coin and foreign currency receipts that are over US$ 10,000 . The subtitle increases civil and criminal penalties for money laundering and introduces penalties for violations of geographic targeting orders and certain recordkeeping requirements .   Subtitle B legislated for the creation of a secure network which can be used by financial institutions to report suspicious transactions and which can also give them alerts of relevant suspicious activities . Subtitle B also makes FinCEN a bureau of the United States Department of Treasury . The subtitle allows the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to authorize personnel to act as law enforcement officers to protect the premises , grounds , property and personnel of any U.S. Federal reserve bank , and allows them to delegate this authority to U.S. Federal Reserve Banks . It instructs any United States Executive Directors of international financial institutions to use their voice and vote to support any country that has taken action to support the U.S. 's War on Terrorism , and to require such Executive Directors to provide ongoing auditing of disbursements made from their institutions to ensure that no funds are paid to persons who commit , threaten to commit , or support terrorism .

neg: Save the Greenback Act The Save the Greenback Act was legislation proposed , but not passed , in the United States Congress in 1995 and 1997 forbidding the phase-out of the United States one-dollar bill .   It stated simply , `` Notwithstanding any other provision of law , the Secretary of the Treasury and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure that the number of Federal reserve notes in the denomination of $ 1 which are in circulation at any time does not decrease below the number of such reserve notes in circulation as of the date of the enactment of this Act . ''   In a February 24 , 1995 speech introducing the Save the Greenback Act , Rep. Thomas M. Davis gave several arguments against phasing out the one-dollar bill :  A great number of people 's `` pockets will be weighted down with heavy change instead of having a few bills tucked into their billfolds ... one might suspect a conspiracy by clothing manufacturers in drafting the dollar coin proposal , as everyone 's pockets begin to wear out . ''  Several polls have shown that Americans prefer the one-dollar bill to a dollar coin .  '' -LSB- L -RSB- egislation designed to eliminate the dollar bill will an excuse by the special interests to raise prices on everyday items -- a future sales tax , to be levied on all Americans but falling the hardest on those who can least afford it . ''  The failure of the Susan B. Anthony dollar demonstrated that introduction of a dollar coin does not save the federal government money .  `` The costs of changing to a 1 dollar coin would be significant to many in the private sector including but not limited to the small town banks which would have to retool their coin counting , wrapping and sorting equipment -- costs which would inevitably be passed on to their customers . ''   Notwithstanding these arguments , many people contend that $ 1 is far too low a denomination for a paper note at today 's price levels and point to the example of virtually every other developed country , whose lowest-denomination banknotes are worth several times more . Most vending machines , for example , need to install dollar bill readers because their commodities have become more expensive due to inflation , a problem compounded by the bills ' often being crumpled , torn , or otherwise unreadable .   Furthermore , the continuation of the dollar bill discourages any meaningful reform of the coinage , as people would be slow to use any dollar coin with the dollar bill still around simply out of habit , as proven with the Sacagawea dollar . Lastly , other countries , including the entire Eurozone , Japan , Australia , Canada , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom , have successfully made similar transitions .   For comparison , here are the lowest-denomination banknotes of some other developed countries ( with equivalent U.S. dollar value in exchange , as of August 23 , 2015 ) :   In contrast , poorer countries with weaker currencies , such as Argentina or Ukraine , often have low-valued bills because of inflation having eroded their value .

neg: Annapolis Convention (1786) The Annapolis Convention , formally titled as a Meeting of Commissioners to Remedy Defects of the Federal Government was a national political convention held September 11 -- 14 , 1786 at Mann 's Tavern in Annapolis , Maryland , in which twelve delegates from five states -- New Jersey , New York , Pennsylvania , Delaware , and Virginia -- gathered to discuss and develop a consensus about reversing the protectionist trade barriers that each state had erected . At the time , under the Articles of Confederation , each state was largely independent from the others and the national government had no authority to regulate trade between and among the states . Additionally , New Hampshire , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , and North Carolina had appointed commissioners who failed to arrive in Annapolis in time to attend the meeting , while Connecticut , Maryland , South Carolina , and Georgia had taken no action at all .   The final report of the convention , adopted unanimously , was sent to the Congress and to the states . It sought support for a broader constitutional convention to be held the following May in Philadelphia . It expressed the hope that more states would be represented and that their delegates or deputies would be authorized to examine areas broader than simply commercial trade .   Because of the few representatives in attendance , their authority was limited . It is unclear how much weight the convention 's call carried , but the urgency of the need for constitutional reform was highlighted by a number of rebellions that took place all over the country . While most of them were easily suppressed , Shays ' Rebellion lasted from August 1786 until February 1787 . The rebellion called attention to both popular discontent and government weakness .   The direct result of the Annapolis Convention report and the ensuing events was the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 , during which the United States Constitution was drafted .

neg: Long Depression The Long Depression was a worldwide price and economic recession , beginning in 1873 and running either through the spring of 1879 , or 1896 , depending on the metrics used . It was the most severe in Europe and the United States , which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War . The episode was labeled the `` Great Depression '' at the time , and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s . Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction , it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression .   It was most notable in Western Europe and North America , at least in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world . The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit ; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe . While it was occurring , the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 .   In the United States , economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873 -- 79 , kicked off by the Panic of 1873 , and followed by the Panic of 1893 , book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression . The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879 . At 65 months , it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER , eclipsing the Great Depression 's 43 months of contraction .   In the US , from 1873 to 1879 , 18,000 businesses went bankrupt , including 89 railroads . Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt . Unemployment peaked in 1878 , long after the panic ended . Different sources peg the peak U.S. unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25 % to 14 % .

neg: History of the United States The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians . Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12 , 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas , or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier . In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans .   Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive , mostly from England , after 1600 . The Spanish built small settlements in Florida and the Southwest , and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast . By the 1770s , thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains . After the end of the French and Indian Wars in the 1760s , the British government imposed a series of new taxes , rejecting the colonists ' argument that any new taxes had to be approved by them ( see Stamp Act 1765 ) . Tax resistance , especially the Boston Tea Party ( 1773 ) , led to punitive laws ( the Intolerable Acts ) by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts . American Patriots ( as they called themselves ) adhered to a political ideology called republicanism that emphasized civic duty , virtue , and opposition to corruption , fancy luxuries and aristocracy .   Armed conflict began in 1775 as Patriots drove the royal officials out of every colony and assembled in mass meetings and conventions . In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress declared that there was a new , independent nation , the United States of America , not just a collection of disparate colonies . With large-scale military and financial support from France and the military leadership of General George Washington , the American Patriots won the Revolutionary War . The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River ( except Florida and Canada ) . The central government established by the Articles of Confederation proved ineffectual at providing stability , as it had no authority to collect taxes and had no executive officer . Congress called a convention to meet secretly in Philadelphia in 1787 . It wrote a new Constitution , which was adopted in 1789 . In 1791 , a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights . With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief political and financial adviser , a strong central government was created . When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France , doubling the size of the United States . A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812 .   Encouraged by the notion of Manifest Destiny , federal territory expanded all the way to the Pacific . The U.S. always was large in terms of area , but its population was small , only 4 million in 1790 . Population growth was rapid , reaching 7.2 million in 1810 , 32 million in 1860 , 76 million in 1900 , 132 million in 1940 , and 321 million in 2015 . Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even faster . However , compared to European powers , the nation 's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940 . The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners . The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles , which were resolved by compromises . Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason -- Dixon line by 1804 , but the South continued to profit off the institution , producing high-value cotton exports to feed increasing high demand in Europe . The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln was on a platform of ending the expansion of slavery and putting it on a path to extinction .   Seven cotton-based deep South slave states seceded and later founded the Confederacy four months before Lincoln 's inauguration . No nation ever recognized the Confederacy , but it opened the war by attacking Fort Sumter in 1861 . A surge of nationalist outrage in the North fueled a long , intense American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) . It was fought largely in the South as the overwhelming material and manpower advantages of the North proved decisive in a long war . The war 's result was restoration of the Union , the impoverishment of the South , and the abolition of slavery . In the Reconstruction era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) , legal and voting rights were extended to the freed slave . The national government emerged much stronger , and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights . However , when white Democrats regained their power in the South during the 1870s , often by paramilitary suppression of voting , they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy , and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting , a situation that continued for decades until gains of the civil rights movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights .   The United States became the world 's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe . The national railroad network was completed with the work of Chinese immigrants and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest . Mass dissatisfaction with corruption , inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement , from the 1890s to 1920s , which led to many social and political reforms . In 1920 , the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women 's suffrage ( right to vote ) . This followed the 16th and 17th amendments in 1913 , which established the first national income tax and direct election of US senators to Congress . Initially neutral during World War I , the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and later funded the Allied victory the following year .   After a prosperous decade in the 1920s , the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression . Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs for relief , recovery , and reform . The New Deal , which defined modern American liberalism , included relief for the unemployed , support for farmers , Social Security and a minimum wage . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the United States entered World War II along with Britain , the Soviet Union , China , and the smaller number of Allied nations . The U.S. financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater . Its involvement culminated in using the newly invented nuclear weapons on Japanese cities that helped defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater .   The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers after World War II . During the Cold War , the US and the USSR confronted each other indirectly in the arms race , the Space Race , proxy wars , and propaganda campaigns . US foreign policy during the Cold War was built around the support of Western Europe and Japan along with the policy of containment , stopping the spread of communism . The US joined the wars in Korea and Vietnam to try to stop its spread . In the 1960s , in large part due to the strength of the civil rights movement , another wave of social reforms were enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities . Native American activism also rose . The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991 , leaving the United States as the world 's only superpower .   After the Cold War , the United States focused on international conflicts around the Middle East in response to the Gulf War in the early 1990s . The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001 , which would later followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2008 , the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression , which has been followed by slower than usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s .

neg: Distinguished Americans series The Distinguished Americans series is a set of definitive stamps issued by the United States Postal Service which was started in 2000 with a 10 cents stamp depicting Joseph Stilwell . The designs of the first nine issues are reminiscent of the earlier Great Americans series , but less austere . The first nine issues were done with black lines on a white background , but in 2008 , with the James A. Michener issue ( # 10 ) , the USPS added color toning . Like the Great Americans series , the first twelve issues measured 0.84 inches by 0.99 inches overall , and were all designed by Mark Summers of Waterdown , Ontario . In 2011 , with the Oveta Culp Hobby stamp , the series went to a larger format with full color images , and colored backgrounds .   The 2004 Rudolph stamp is the only one in the series to have been issued in both a sheet ( pane ) and booklet format . Although both the 2001 Caraway issue and the 2002 -- 2003 Ferber issues have perforation differences .   The stamps issued in this series include the following ( rank , date of issue , denomination , depicted person ) :   2000 , August 24 . 10 cents . General Joseph W. Stilwell .  2000 , September 7 . 33 cents . Senator Claude Pepper .  2001 , February 21 . 76 cents . Senator Hattie W. Caraway .  2002 , July 29 . 83 cents . Author Edna Ferber , reissued in 2003 with 11 1/4 x 11 1/4 perforations .  2004 , July 14 . 23 cents . Athlete Wilma Rudolph .  2006 , March 9 . 63 cents . Medical Scientist Jonas Salk .  2006 , March 9 . 87 cents . Virologist Albert Sabin .  2007 , June 13 . 58 cents . Senator Margaret Chase Smith .  2007 , June 13 . 75 cents . Author Harriet Beecher Stowe .  2008 , May 12 . 59 cents . Author James A. Michener .  2008 , May 12 . 76 cents . Physician Edward Trudeau .  2009 , May 15 . 78 cents . Philanthropist Mary Lasker  2011 , April 15 . 84 cents , first-class mail , three-ounce rate stamp . Stateswoman Oveta Culp Hobby  2012 , April 26 . Forever . Actor José Ferrer  2014 , March 13 . 70 cents , first-class mail , two-ounce rate stamp . Black Aviator C. Alfred `` Chief '' Anderson  2017 , April 11 in Rochester , NY . 70 cents , first-class mail , two-ounce rate stamp . Teacher , Pioneer of Deaf Studies Robert Panara

neg: Constitution Day (United States) Constitution Day ( or Citizenship Day ) is an American federal observance that recognizes the adoption of the United States Constitution and those who have become U.S. citizens . It is normally observed on September 17 , the day in 1787 that delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the document in Philadelphia .   When Constitution Day falls on a weekend or on another holiday , schools and other institutions observe the holiday on an adjacent weekday .   The law establishing the present holiday was created in 2004 with the passage of an amendment by Senator Robert Byrd to the Omnibus spending bill of 2004 . Before this law was enacted , the holiday was known as `` Citizenship Day '' . In addition to renaming the holiday `` Constitution Day and Citizenship Day , '' the act mandates that all publicly funded educational institutions , and all federal agencies , provide educational programming on the history of the American Constitution on that day . In May 2005 , the United States Department of Education announced the enactment of this law and that it would apply to any school receiving federal funds of any kind .

neg: Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism .   The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform .   Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated .   John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows :   Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one ,   Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment .   Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .

neg: Hard money loan A hard money loan is a specific type of asset-based loan financing through which a borrower receives funds secured by real property . Hard money loans are typically issued by private investors or companies . Interest rates are typically higher than conventional commercial or residential property loans , starting at 7.7 % , because of the higher risk and shorter duration of the loan . Most hard money loans are used for projects lasting from a few months to a few years . Hard money is similar to a bridge loan , which usually has similar criteria for lending as well as cost to the borrowers . The primary difference is that a bridge loan often refers to a commercial property or investment property that may be in transition and does not yet qualify for traditional financing , whereas hard money often refers to not only an asset-based loan with a high interest rate , but possibly a distressed financial situation , such as arrears on the existing mortgage , or where bankruptcy and foreclosure proceedings are occurring .   Hard Money is a term that is used almost exclusively in the United States and Canada where these types of loans are most common . In commercial real estate , hard money developed as an alternative `` last resort '' for property owners seeking capital against the value of their holdings . The industry began in the late 1950s when the credit industry in the U.S. underwent drastic changes .   From inception , the hard money field has always been formally unregulated by state or federal laws , although some restrictions on interest rates ( usury laws ) by state governments restrict the rates of hard money such that operations in several states , including Tennessee and Arkansas are virtually untenable for lending firms .

neg: Helms–Burton Act The Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity ( Libertad ) Act of 1996 ( Helms -- Burton Act , , , ) is a United States federal law which strengthens and continues the United States embargo against Cuba . The act extended the territorial application of the initial embargo to apply to foreign companies trading with Cuba , and penalized foreign companies allegedly `` trafficking '' in property formerly owned by U.S. citizens but confiscated by Cuba after the Cuban revolution . The act also covers property formerly owned by Cubans who have since become U.S. citizens .   The Act is named for its original sponsors , Senator Jesse Helms , Republican of North Carolina , and Representative Dan Burton , Republican of Indiana .   The law was passed by the 104th United States Congress on March 6 , 1996 and enacted into law by the 42nd President of the United States Bill Clinton on March 12 , 1996 . The bill , which had been tabled in late 1995 after Senator Helms was unable to overcome several Democratic filibusters , was reintroduced prompted by an episode that happened a month earlier . On February 24 , 1996 , Cuban fighter jets shot down two private planes operated by a Miami-based humanitarian international Search and Rescue support group called Brothers to the Rescue ( Hermanos al Rescate ) , which had been on a search and locate mission over international waters . Whether they were shot down over Cuban territory or international airspace is a matter of debate .

neg: Direct operations Direct operations is the term for when a central bank purchases bonds directly from its government .   Direct operations work as follows : Governments typically sell bonds when their expenditures exceed revenue from taxes ( this is known as a budget deficit ) . This issuance of bonds occurs is termed the primary market , and the value of the outstanding bonds constitutes a national debt .   Paying interest on outstanding bonds means tax rates will be higher , but national debts have an advantage : they can be extremely useful for conducting monetary policy . When a central bank would like to increase the money supply , it can merely purchase previously-issued bonds . When it would like to contract the money supply , it can sell them . This is known as the secondary market , but for this to work , the bonds , of course , have to have been issued previously in the primary market .   But if a country does not have a significant national debt , direct operations are called for . Essentially , the government prints and sells bonds to the central bank on an ad hoc basis ; the central bank in turns issues currency to pay for them . Essentially the government is provided with cash to meet its needs , although it has created a corresponding liability .   Category : Government bonds

neg: Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index The Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index , which until August 24th 2016 was called the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index , and which until November 3rd 2008 was called the `` Lehman Aggregate Bond Index , '' is a broad base index , maintained by Bloomberg L.P. since August 24th 2016 , and prior to then by Barclays which took over the index business of the now defunct Lehman Brothers , and is often used to represent investment grade bonds being traded in United States . Index funds and exchange-traded funds are available that track this bond index .

neg: Banknotes of the British Armed Forces The British Armed Forces issued their own banknotes between 1946 and 1972 .  Since 2003 , they have issued their own small change tokens nicknamed pogs by the Squaddies , after the children 's game popular in the early 1990s .   At the end of the war in Europe in 1945 , France , Britain , United States and Russia agreed at the Potsdam Conference to split Germany into four occupation zones . The British area was occupied by the 21st Army Group that was collectively known as the British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ) . The Allies ' job was challenging . They had to disband and disarm the German fighting machine , reassemble the country 's basic infrastructure , and cope with population on the brink of starvation . To this end the BAOR operated as a country within a country , requiring a monetary system that functioned to serve the needs of the occupying forces . However , a problem soon emerged ; goods intended for the troops were being sold to a thriving black market among the local population at highly inflated prices . Millions of pounds sterling were being lost by the taxpayers of Britain . A series of stopgap measures slowed , but did not stop the problem . It was decided in March 1946 that special military voucher system was needed .   Historically , soldiers serving overseas had been paid in local currency rather than in their `` home '' currency , most cash drawn by soldiers would go directly into the local economy , and in a damaged economy the effects of a hard currency such as the # circulating freely alongside weaker local currencies could be severely problematic , risking severe inflation . There were other problems as well ; once # were circulating in a combat region , the opposing side could freely use its own stocks of # as currency , or acquire stocks for use elsewhere to support their war effort . The high purchasing power of the # and its easy transference back to Britain also posed a significant incentive to the black marketers .   However , whilst the use of local currencies was effective where they were provided in cooperation with the local authorities , it was impractical in combat zones where the government might be either hostile , deliberately ambivalent , or simply non-existent . In these cases , the military authorities issued special `` military currency '' , which was paid out to soldiers at a fixed rate of exchange and simply declared legal tender in occupied areas by local commanders .   After a remarkably brief period of preparation , the first series of 52,400,000 British Armed Forces Special Vouchers ( BAFSV ) , valued at just over 10 million pounds sterling were printed by Thomas De La Rue and officially issued on August 1 , 1946 . In due course the ingenuity of the local population and the troops largely circumvented the intention of the first issue BAFSV 's to slow black market activities .  By mid 1947 it was decided , under a cloak of secrecy , to prepare a new issue to replace the first , then immediately demonetize the first to limit the conversion of illicitly-gained first series vouchers . This scheme was carried out on January 6 , 1948 , when the second issue was released .   The third series was printed in 1948 by J. Waddington Ltd , but were not issued until 1956 for use during the Suez Canal Crisis . This situation was quickly resolved over a two-month period and those notes withdrawn .   The fourth issue was originally discussed in 1952 but were not ordered until the heating up of the cold war and the lack of a backup series prompted the British War Office in 1962 to design not only a fourth , but also a fifth series .   A new printer , Bradbury Wilkinson , was chosen for the job of producing these next two series : The fourth series was printed , but never issued , and according to all records , the fifth series was never printed . The sixth series , together with the 1 and 5 pound notes of the second series , were used in Berlin up to December 31 , 1979 , when they were finally withdrawn . On February 14 , 1991 , The Ministry of Defence auctioned off their stock of 17 million uncirculated vouchers from the 2nd , 3rd , 4th and 6th series to a consortium of dealers .

neg: Lady Liberty Lady Liberty may refer to :  Lady Liberty ( film ) , La mortadella , 1972 French-Italian comedy  `` Lady Liberty '' , a song written by Al Jardine and Ron Altbach for The Beach Boys  Lady Liberty ( comics ) , the name of several fictional characters in the DC Comics Universe  `` Lady Liberty '' , many Replicas of the Statue of Liberty worldwide  `` Lady Liberty '' , a small , bronze template sculpture held by Bartholdi on the Medal of Liberty  Lady Liberty , an ancient bald cypress tree in Big Tree Park , Longwood , Florida , neighbor of the Senator ( tree ) that was destroyed in 2012  Nickname of UAE fighter pilot Mariam al-Mansouri in social networks

neg: Municipal bond A municipal bond is a bond issued by a local government or territory , or one of their agencies . It is generally used to finance public projects such as roads , schools , airports and seaports , and infrastructure-related repairs . The term municipal bond is commonly used in the United States , which has the largest market of such trade-able securities in the world . As of 2011 , the municipal bond market was valued at $ 3.7 trillion . Potential issuers of municipal bonds include states , cities , counties , redevelopment agencies , special-purpose districts , school districts , public utility districts , publicly owned airports and seaports , and other governmental entities ( or group of governments ) at or below the state level having more than a de minimis amount of one of the three sovereign powers : the power of taxation , the power of eminent domain or the police power .   Municipal bonds may be general obligations of the issuer or secured by specified revenues . In the United States , interest income received by holders of municipal bonds is often excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes under Section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code , and may be exempt from state income tax as well , depending on the applicable state income tax laws . The state and local exemption was the subject of recent litigation in Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis , 553 U.S. 328 ( 2008 ) .   Unlike new issue stocks that are brought to market with price restrictions until the deal is sold , most municipal bonds are free to trade at any time once they are purchased by the investor . Professional traders regularly trade and re-trade the same bonds several times a week . A feature of this market is a larger proportion of smaller retail investors compared to other sectors of the U.S. securities markets . Some municipal bonds , often with higher risk credits , are issued subject to transfer restrictions .   Outside of the United States , many other countries in the world also issue similar bonds , sometimes called local authority bonds or other names . The key defining feature of such bonds is that they are issued by a public-use entity at a lower level of government than the sovereign . Such bonds follow similar market patterns as U.S. bonds . That said , the U.S. municipal bond market is unique for its size , liquidity , legal and tax structure and bankruptcy protection afforded by the U.S. Constitution .

neg: Home Insurance Plaza Home Insurance Plaza is a 630 ft tall skyscraper in New York City , New York . It was completed in 1966 and has 44 floors . Alfred Easton Poor designed the building , which is the 61st tallest in New York . The building 's plaza had a redevelopment in 1987 by Kohn Pedersen Fox .   The plaza is the home of `` Liberty , '' a 75 x 50 foot mural by Julie Harvey ( artist ) . Simple in its concept , it illustrates that New York 's present was built upon the foundations its forefathers placed many years ago . The Statue of Liberty is reflected in the mirrored facade of a skyscraper . Early 19th century New York emerges revealing the cobblestone streets , horses and carriages , gentlemen with top hats , and ships in the seaport . Ms. Harvey has also included the old shipping barrels , lamp posts and even pigs that ran freely around Lower Manhattan . The Liberty Mural was presented to the community as a visual expression of the foundations on which New York was established .

neg: Bonds Bonds can refer to any of several things :   Certificates that represent money of government or corporation has borrowed from other entities : see Bond ( finance )  Bonds ( surname )  Bonds ( company ) an Australian clothing company  Bonds , Indiana , a community in the United States  Bonds , Lancashire , an English village

neg: Liberty Jail Liberty Jail is a former jail in Liberty , Missouri , United States , where Joseph Smith , founder of the Latter Day Saint movement , and other associates were imprisoned from December 1 , 1838 , to April 6 , 1839 , during the 1838 Mormon War . Latter Day Saints sometimes described it as a `` prison temple '' because of revelations received during Smith 's imprisonment there , which are now recorded as sections 121 , 122 , and 123 of the LDS Doctrine and Covenants .   The site at 216 North Main , two blocks northwest of the Clay County courthouse in downtown Liberty , is now owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , which operates a visitors ' center featuring an indoor , cut-away reconstruction of the jail on the original site .


query: Joey Graceffa is a YouTuber and he is American.

pos: Joey Graceffa Joseph Michael `` Joey '' Graceffa ( -LSB- grəˈsɛfə -RSB- born May 16 , 1991 ) is an American YouTube personality , actor , author , producer , and singer . He has two active YouTube channels , both of which are named after him . One of them is for vlogging and the other is used for video gaming content . They both have a combined total of more than 1.6 billion views . His other YouTube channel , which he no longer uses , called WinterSpringPro , has 60 million views ( as of May 2017 ) . He was a contestant on 22nd and 24th seasons of The Amazing Race and has appeared in short films ( as web films ) and short web television series on YouTube and its subscription-only service YouTube Red .

neg: El Fua El Fua is an Internet meme involving a viral YouTube video of an intoxicated Mexican man called Julio César Segura , who claims to have divine powers , including fortune-telling and revival of the dead .   El Fua became viral after an online news program , Nayarit en Línea , from Nayarit , Mexico , uploaded the video to YouTube , becoming quickly popular both on that website and on Twitter .

neg: Kassem G Kassem Gharaibeh ( قاسم الغرايبة born October 10 , 1983 ) , known by his stage name Kassem G , is an American comedian and actor , best known for his online content . His YouTube channel , `` KassemG '' , hosts several hundred videos , most notably the California On , Going Deep and Street Music webseries . As of May 26 , 2017 , Gharaibeh has more than 2.5 million YouTube subscribers and 441 million video views , and a secondary channel , `` KassemGtwo '' , has less than a half million subscribers . He won the 2013 Streamy Award for Best Host for his work on California On .

neg: La Divaza Pedro Luis Joao Figueira Álvarez ( June 18 , 1998 ) , better known as La Divaza , is a Venezuelan YouTuber .

neg: Joe Bevilacqua Joe Bevilacqua ( born January 2 , 1959 ) is an American actor , voice actor , producer , director , author , dramatist , humorist , cartoonist , and documentarian .

neg: Rahat Hossain Rahat Hossain ( born December 19 , 1989 ) , also known by his username MagicofRahat is an American YouTube personality , vlogger , prankster and magician of Bangladeshi descent , who produces pranks and magic tricks on YouTube .

neg: Joey Forman Joey Forman ( November 18 , 1929 -- December 9 , 1982 ) was an American comedian and comic actor .

neg: Jimmy Fowlie Jimmy Fowlie is an actor and writer who publishes YouTube content . Formerly of The Groundlings , he produced Go-Go Boy Interrupted , an LGBT-themed comedy web series based on his live sketch comedy show of the same name .

neg: Neffa Giovanni Pellino ( born 7 October 1967 ) , best known as Neffa , is an Italian singer-songwriter , rapper , composer , producer and musician .

neg: Jenn Im Jenn Im ( born September 22 , 1990 ) is a Korean-American fashion and beauty vlogger , best known for her YouTube channel , ClothesEncounters . At the age of 26 , her channel has reached approximately 1.7 million subscribers and over 150 million views .

neg: Rock City Club Rock City Club was created by Jack Wishna , Ofek Hayon , Brian Silver , music promoter Don Kirshner , and Michael Jackson The management team , partners , and investors attracted to the business include Internet entrepreneurs and music industry executives . One of the original creators of MTV and co-founder of Internet service provider NetZero are listed among the company 's board . It was described by the company as `` the music industry 's first Social Music Network '' .   Some of the biggest music producers in the world , with 162 Grammy Awards to their names , participate in Rock City Club . The Rockcityclub.com `` Producers ' Circle '' includes Phil Ramone and Ron Dante and the people behind acts such as Lady Gaga , Madonna , Jay-Z , Michael Jackson , and Amy Winehouse .   In 2012 , Rock City Club partnered with Slacker online music service to create what it described as the world 's first internet music channel devoted exclusively to giving undiscovered artists and bands the chance to have their music heard by millions of potential fans . The channel was headed by Ron Dante and includes the production expertise of people like Phil Ramone , Kerry Gordy ( son of Motown legend Berry Gordy ) , and Lamont Dozier .

neg: Yuya (YouTuber) Mariand Castrejon Castañeda ( born March 13 , 1993 ) , better known as Yuya , is a Mexican beauty vlogger and YouTuber , using the name lady16makeup on YouTube .  In 2015 , Bustle described her as the highest paid beauty blogger of that year .   In March 2016 , she was one of seven female YouTube creators who joined the United Nations ' Sustainable Development Action Campaign , aiming to `` achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls '' .   , her channel is the 19th most subscribed on YouTube , the top channel operated by a woman , the top non-English self-owned channel , and the most subscribed channel from Mexico . Her channel , with over 18 million subscribers , grows at a rate of about 60,000 subscribers per week .

neg: Aniboom Aniboom was an online animation studio , which distributed independent animated short films and occasionally co-produced them . It was founded in 2006 by former Israeli television executive Uri Shinar . Within three years , over 13,000 clips were released through the studio , at which point The New York Times described Aniboom 's business structure as perhaps the largest example of crowdsourcing in the entertainment industry .   The studio 's website went live in late September , 2006 . Its official launch was not announced however , until November 24 of that year . The launch was accompanied by a contest , running through January 30 of the following year , in which the creators of the website 's most highly rated films up to that point received monetary prizes . Over the following years , similar contests were held , and Aniboom expanded its online presence to include channels on Joost and YouTube . In 2008 , the studio raised $ 10 million in investor funding .   The Aniboom short `` Live Music '' was picked up by Sony for theatrical distribution in 2009 , as an opener for Planet 51 . The same year , Aniboom ran a competition in partnership with the Fox Broadcasting Company - the best holiday themed short film , as chosen by Fox executives , would win $ 15,000 and the possibility of a development deal . The contest was won by Jay Malone for the short film Santa Intervention . However , as of 2016 the official website has closed and the official YouTube channel has been terminated .

neg: Gia Mantegna Gina `` Gia '' Cristine Mantegna ( born April 17 , 1990 ) is an American actress .

neg: Just for Laughs: Gags Just for Laughs : Gags ( in French , Juste pour rire : Gags ) is a Canadian silent comedy/hidden camera reality television show that is under the Just for Laughs brand . It is based on the similar American series Candid Camera .  The series is also on YouTube .  In December 26 , 2000 , JFL : Gags began airing on French Canadian network Canal D . In the following years , the show was picked up by TVA , CBC and The Comedy Network in Canada , BBC1 in the UK , TF1 in France and ABC and Telemundo in the United States ; the Canadian version ( unlike the ones produced for ABC ) aired in the United States in first-run syndication starting in the fall of 2015 and ended in February 2016 .   The series uses a hidden camera format , playing pranks on unsuspecting subjects while hidden cameras capture the subjects ' responses ; each episode presents multiple gags . While some segments have included brief dialogue , most do not contain any sound or dialogue ; the audio is replaced with sound effects , a laugh track , and public domain music . Most segments are filmed in Quebec City , Montreal and Vancouver , while some have been filmed in Mexico . British and Asian versions have been produced in the UK and Singapore , respectively . In 2011 the show spawned a spinoff , Just Kidding , which consists exclusively of kids playing pranks on adults .   With its silent format and no translation required , Just for Laughs : Gags has been purchased for use in over 100 countries throughout the world as well as in airports and by airlines . Reactions to the gags range from `` inane '' to cross-culturally funny . The same distributors also distribute Surprise Sur Prise , a similar show .   In March 2011 , Just for Laughs Gags entered into a partnership with Montreal-based , entertainment site , Videobash.com and now have their own devoted channel there . ( No video has been posted as of this writing . )

neg: Jamie Grace Jamie Grace Harper ( born November 25 , 1991 ) is an American contemporary Christian musician , singer , rapper , and songwriter from Atlanta , Georgia . In 2010 , TobyMac found her songs on YouTube and signed her to his label Gotee Records for two albums . She released the song `` Hold Me '' in 2011 which landed her a nomination at the 2012 Grammys and won the 2012 Dove Award for New Artist of the Year .

neg: Delocated Delocated ( or known in the title card as Delocated New York ) is an American television series that premiered February 12 , 2009 on Adult Swim . The original pilot for the show was aired on April 1 , 2008 . Jon Glaser plays a man in the Witness Protection Program who moves his family to New York City . The family exploits the situation by starring in a reality TV show about being in the Witness Protection Program ( in which , initially , they all wear disguises for their faces and voices ; later , only `` Jon '' does ) . Paul Rudd guest-stars in the pilot as himself . Eugene Mirman co-stars as a Russian hitman/aspiring stand-up comic hired to kill `` Jon . ''   This series is produced by Wonder Showzen and Xavier : Renegade Angel creators and rock band PFFR . It leans decidedly towards deadpan humor while still reflecting the black humor typical of their other shows . It is presented as if it were the fictional reality show which it portrays . The show is rated TV-PG and TV-14 for dialogue , strong language , sexual scenes , and moderate violence .   In the first seven episodes , Delocated had an eleven-minute runtime ; as of season two , each episode had a twenty-two-minute runtime . The off-season series finale aired on March 7 , 2013 .

neg: Joseph Ashton (actor) Joseph Ashton Valencia ( born November 18 , 1986 ) is an American film actor and voice actor .

neg: Jeff Garlin Jeffrey Todd `` Jeff '' Garlin ( born June 5 , 1962 ) is an American comedian , actor , producer , voice artist , director , writer , podcast host and author . He has acted in many television shows and some movies , is an expert in magic , and is known for his role as Jeff Greene on the HBO show Curb Your Enthusiasm , for which he was nominated for seven Emmys in his role as Executive Producer and two wins for Producing from the PGAs . He currently stars in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs .

neg: Miranda Sings Miranda Sings is a fictional character , developed on the internet , created in 2008 and portrayed by American comedian , actress and YouTube personality Colleen Ballinger . Ballinger displays videos of the comically talentless , egotistical , misguided and quirky character on her YouTube channel . In these videos , the eccentric , narcissistic , yet endearing character sings and dances badly , gives inept `` tutorials '' , recounts her daily activities , discusses current events that she often misunderstands , collaborates with other YouTubers , and rants about her critics , reading examples of hate mail directed at the character on social media ; she responds to them with her catchphrase : `` Haters Back Off ! '' .   Ballinger created the character as a satire of bad but arrogant singers who believe that posting their videos on YouTube will lead to them breaking into show business . As of February 2017 , the Miranda Sings YouTube channel had surpassed 1.2 billion views and 7 million subscribers , and Miranda had more than 6 million Instagram followers . Miranda has been ranked the 7th `` most popular '' YouTube personality by Daily American , and the channel was ranked No. 38 of all time by NewMediaRockstars . The character also has an active presence on other social media .   Since 2009 , in addition to her internet videos , Ballinger has regularly presented live comedy acts , in character as Miranda Sings , at first in cabaret spaces and later in theaters in New York , London , and other cities in the US , Canada , Europe , Australia and elsewhere . Her acts include Miranda 's signature off-key singing of pop music hits and show tunes , with introductions focusing on the character 's backstory . Her delivery is full of malapropisms , mondegreens and spoonerisms , and the acts incorporate interaction with audience volunteers , giving a `` voice lesson '' to , or singing a duet with , Broadway or other musical celebrities , reading hate mail , and singing while being stabbed through the neck in her `` magic trick '' .   The character has appeared in web series , interviews and an episode of the TV show Victorious . In 2014 , she guest-starred in character on an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee with Jerry Seinfeld and appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . In July 2015 , she released a New York Times # 1 best-selling book , written in Miranda 's voice , titled Selp-Helf . Miranda is the main character in the Netflix original series Haters Back Off , which premiered in 2016 and has been renewed for 2017 . Ballinger won a Teen Choice Award and a Streamy Award for her Miranda videos .

neg: Joey Litjens Joey Litjens ( 8 February 1990 , Venray ) is a motorcyclist from America , Netherlands .


query: BYD Auto is a British manufacturer.

pos: BYD Auto BYD Auto Co. , Ltd. is a Chinese automobile manufacturer based in Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , and a wholly owned subsidiary of BYD Company . It was founded in 2003 , following BYD Company 's acquisition of Tsinchuan Automobile Company in 2002 . Its principal activity is the design , development , manufacture and distribution of passenger cars and buses sold under the BYD brand . It also has a 50:50 joint venture with Daimler AG , Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology Co. , Ltd. , which develops and manufactures luxury electric cars sold under the Denza brand .   BYD Auto sold a total of 506,189 passenger cars in China in 2013 , making it the tenth-largest selling brand and the largest selling Chinese brand . In 2015 , BYD Auto was the best selling global electric vehicle brand , ahead of General Motors and Nissan . For a second year running , BYD was the world 's top selling plug-in electric car manufacturer with over 100,000 units delivered in 2016 , followed by Tesla , Inc. . In October 2016 , BYD Auto became the all-time second largest global plug-in car manufacturer after the Renault-Nissan Alliance .

neg: Wagon Automotive Wagon Automotive is an automotive parts company based in Birmingham , England .   The company is controlled by the American businessman Wilbur Ross and employs over 4,000 workers across Europe .   Wagon has its roots in Wagon Repairs , a business set up at the end of the First World War to maintain railway rolling stock .  It was chosen by Ross as the foundation for a European car parts empire .

neg: B-segment B-segment ( or small cars ) is a car classification defined by the European Commission as larger than cars in the A-segment and smaller than those in the C-segment .   Positioned between the A-segment ( city cars ) and C-segment ( medium cars ) , they are nippy enough for city driving and high MPG ratings while having more space for luggage and passengers . During the mid to late 20th century , these cars were generally the smallest sized for most manufacturers , but as a higher demand for economical models began to raise , most of them have now been placed as the second smallest .   Typical B-segment cars include the Alfa Romeo MiTo , Citroën C3 , Dacia Sandero , Ford Fiesta , Mazda Demio , Fiat Punto , Opel Corsa , Peugeot 208 , Honda Fit , Hyundai i20 , Renault Clio , Renault Zoe , Toyota Yaris , Kia Pride , Volkswagen Polo , Seat Ibiza , Nissan Micra , Mitsubishi Attrage , Dacia Logan , Škoda Fabia .

neg: HPI Check HPI Check is a vehicle history check service provided exclusively by HPI in the UK . HPI pioneered the vehicle history check in 1938 . The HPI Check produces a report that provides information about a vehicle 's history , mainly if it has outstanding finance , or if it is written off , stolen or clocked , among other things .   The term `` HPI Check '' is a term widely used to describe an actual vehicle history check thought-out the motoring industry in the UK . However , `` HPI Check '' is a registered trade name of HPI .   An HPI Check is usually performed just before purchasing a used car from a dealer or a private buyer to discover whether the vehicle has a hidden history . The check can reveal vital alerts that can help protect used car buyers from fraudsters . An HPI Check does not only check the history of used cars but can be used to check any vehicle that is registered with the DVLA including ; vans , motorbikes , quad bikes and motor homes .   The HPI Check history report data comes from the DVLA , the National Mileage Register , Police records , insurance companies , finance houses and industry bodies . The HPI Check Report is available to both consumers and dealers all over the UK .

neg: Automatic call distributor An automated call distribution system , commonly known as , automatic call distributor ( ACD ) , is a telephony device that answers and distributes incoming calls to a specific group of terminals or agents within an organization . ACDs often use a voice menu to direct callers based on the customer 's selection , telephone number , selected incoming line to the system or time of day the call was processed . Computer telephony integration ( CTI ) and computer-supported telecommunications applications ( CSTA ) are intermediate software that can produce advanced ACD systems . Experts claim that `` the invention of ACD technology made the concept of a call centre possible . ''

neg: Armadale (automobile) The Armadale was an English automobile manufactured from 1906 to 1907 by Armadale Motors Ltd , Northwood , Middlesex , then Northwood Motor & Engineering Works , also of Northwood .

neg: David Brown Automotive David Brown Automotive is a British manufacturer of limited edition automobiles in Coventry , England , belonging to British businessman David Brown .   The company announced the Speedback , its first model , in March 2014 in London . The vehicle 's public debut was at the Top Marques show in Monaco on 17 April 2014 . Despite sharing a similar background in engineering , and the same name as previous owner of Aston Martin , there is no family connection between the two companies .

neg: Birmingham Sound Reproducers Birmingham Sound Reproducers was a British manufacturer of record player turntables .   Daniel McLean McDonald founded Birmingham Sound Reproducers as a private company in 1932 in the West Midlands of England , UK . By 1947 , the company chiefly manufactured communications sets ( intercoms ) , laboratory test equipment , and sound recording and reproducing instruments , including phonographs .   In the early 1950s , Samuel Margolin began buying auto-changing turntables from BSR , using them as the basis of his Dansette record player . Over the next twenty years , Margolin manufactured more than a million of these players , and `` Dansette '' became a household word in Britain .   In 1957 , BSR , also known by the name BSR McDonald , became a public company and , by 1961 , had grown to employ 2,600 workers . In addition to manufacturing their own brand of player -- the Monarch Automatic Record Changer that could select and play 7 '' , 10 '' and 12 '' records at 33 , 45 or 78 rpm , changing automatically between the various settings of disc sizes only , speeds were changed Manually -- BSR McDonald supplied turntables and autochangers to most of the world 's record player manufacturers , eventually gaining 87 % of the market . By 1977 , BSR 's various factories produced over 250,000 units a week .   Changing times and technology hit BSR hard in the early 1980s . Although BSR McDonald produced tape recording decks in addition to their widely used turntables and changers , consumers had begun to expect portability from their music players , and BSR were not prepared to compete with eight-track and cassette tape players or later , the groundbreaking Walkman from Japan . In the first five years of the 1980s , once-mighty BSR closed factories and made thousands of workers redundant .   During the 1980s BSR manufactured the Rotronics Wafadrive for the ZX Spectrum range of computers .   After producing their last turntable in 1985 , BSR McDonald closed all divisions except for Astec Power Supply , as well as keeping investments in various entities , including dbx , X10 , BSR Housewares ( the latter sold to the French small electrical appliances and kitchen equipment manufacturer Moulinex ) .   BSR then moved its head office to Hong Kong , as Astec ( BSR ) plc , and continued in Hong Kong until 1998 , when Astec ( BSR ) plc was 100 % acquired by Emerson Electric Company ( NYSE : EMR ) .

neg: All British Ford The ABF or All British Ford was a car manufactured by Canadian born garage owner and inventor Albert ( Bertie ) Ford in Kenilworth , Warwickshire between 1918 and 1920 . Engines used included a water-cooled two-stroke flat-twin and a four-stroke 4-cylinder V-pattern with shaft drive to the rear wheels via a 3-speed gearbox in unit with the engine .   Series production was intended but a combination of the early post-war slump in England , illness to Ford and competition from better-funded manufacturers meant that only prototypes were built .

neg: Battery Manufacturing Association Battery Manufacturing Association ( BMA ) was a British company located in Hove . In 1952 the company entered the microcar arena with the B.M.A. Hazelcar . It was styled as a roadster with aluminium bodywork . It was powered by a 1.5 hp electric engine fed by nine six-volt batteries giving it a top speed of 20 mph and a range of up to 60 mi . The price of # 535 meant that few were sold . Production ended in 1954 .  They made approx 25 vehicles which included some electric vans .

neg: Ashton-Evans The Ashton-Evans was an English car manufactured in Birmingham from 1919 to 1928 by Joseph Evans & Co of Liverpool Street Mills an engineering company who also made railway locomotives and aircraft parts . In 1919 a new company Ashton-Evans Motors Ltd was formed . The cars were designed by E Bailey who had been with Sunbeam and later J. Bedford .   The first car of the marque designed by E Bailey was described as `` a three-wheeler with four wheels '' and had a rear track of only 8 in to avoid the need for a differential . The rear axlw was suspended by a quarter ellitic spring fastened to the tubular chassis at the front and resting on a metal plate on the top of the rear axle which was located by the use of a torque tube and two rods . It is not certain if any of these cars were sold .   In 1920 Mr Ashton-Evans decided to find out what his customers wanted in an `` owner driver 's ideal '' car and invited opinions . From the response he worked out that the car should have a four-cylinder water cooled engine not exceeding 12 taxable hp and be silent , vibrationless , easy to start and powerful . Gear changing should be silent and without the need to double declutch . There should be room for three people on the front seat . To meet this specification J Bedford designed a new car which became the Ashton 10.5 model , the Ashton-Evans name being temporarily dropped . This had a normal rear axle . Most cars featured - litre , 4-cylinder Coventry Simplex engines and three-speed constant-mesh gearboxes with selection made by dog clutches . Some of the early cars might have had two-cylinder engines . Two - and four-seat open bodies were available .   Production of cars was slow and probably not profitable and in 1923 a single model , the 11/16 was made and the name returned to Ashton-Evans . A fire in 1924 badly hit production and car production was temporarily suspended in 1927 but never resumed .   As many as 250 might have been made .

neg: Bentley 8 Litre The Bentley 8 Litre was a luxury car based on the largest rolling chassis made by Bentley Motors Limited at Cricklewood , London . Announced 15 September 1930 , it was also the last completely new model by Bentley before the company 's financial collapse and forced sale to Rolls-Royce Limited ; a 4-Litre engine in a shortened chassis was announced on 15 May 1931 . Intended to provide the basis for a super-luxury car for very wealthy buyers , the 8 Litre chassis was introduced a year into the Great Depression . Sales of the 8-litre were too slow to turn the company 's finances around and , less than nine months after the 8-litre 's introduction , Bentley Motors was placed into receivership .

neg: Rover Group The Rover Group plc was the name given in 1986 to the British vehicle manufacturer BL ( formerly British Leyland ) , which had been state-owned company since 1975 . It initially included the Austin Rover Group car business ( comprising the Austin , Rover , Mini and MG marques ) , Land Rover Group , Freight Rover vans and Leyland Trucks .   The Rover Group was owned by British Aerospace ( BAe ) from 1988 to 1994 , when BAe sold the remaining car business to the German company BMW . The group was further broken up in 2000 , when Ford acquired the Land Rover division , with the Rover and MG marques continuing with the much smaller MG Rover Group until 2005 . Ownership of the original Rover Group marques is currently split between BMW ( Germany ) , SAIC ( China ) , and Tata Motors ( India ) .

neg: Dellow Dellow cars were made in a factory at Alvechurch , near Birmingham , England between 1949 and 1956 .   Dellow Motors Ltd was started by Ken Delingpole and Ron Lowe to produce road-going sports cars for the enthusiast to use in trials , rallies and hill-climbs .   A small number of very early cars used Austin 7 chassis as per Ron Lowe 's special , FUY 374 . The other prototypes included OP 3835 owned by Earl `` Mick '' Heighway , HAB 245 ( Eric Penn ) CAB 282 ( Lewis Tracey ) and EDE 384 ( Merrick ) . From 1950 , with scrap Austin 7 's in short supply , an 1172cc Ford 10 engine was utilised in an A-frame chassis with a very light tubular steel framework welded to the chassis and panelled in aluminium , early cars having no doors . The chassis frames were made partly from government surplus chrome-molybdenum rocket tubes , the rockets being RP3 types as used by Hawker Typhoon and Bristol Beaufighter aircraft .   The design emphasis was on light weight and a rearward weight bias for trials . Many sporting awards were won by drivers of Dellow cars in the early 1950s , not only in trials but also in other events such as driving tests and hillclimbs . Dellows also took overall honours in the MCC organised Daily Express National Rally and the Circuit of Ireland Rally .  Dellow drivers often shone in other forms of motor sport , Tony Marsh from Kinver went on to become RAC Hill Climb Champion on no less than 6 occasions . Peter Collins from Kidderminster , later drove for HWM , BRM and Vanwall , then for Ferrari .   Dellow styling was created by Lionel Evans at his Radpanels coachbuilding business in Kidderminster . The car evolved through several variants known as Mk I to Mk V. Early cars had the Ford beam front axle with transverse spring and short Panhard rod , quarter elliptics at the rear and Andre Hartford friction dampers all round . The Ford torque-tube was suitably shortened and the vast majority of cars used the 3-speed Ford gearbox but a very small number of cars ( KOX 300 being one of them ) were produced to customer order with a 4 speed gearbox , from the 10M series Morris .   The Ford E93A engines were mildly tuned and many used twin SU 's on a cast alloy ` Dellow ' manifold . However , as an option the factory also offered the car with a Wade-Ventor ( Roots type ) supercharger installation .  The MkII saw the introduction of a new and much more robust rear chassis section with coil springs , separate telescopic shock absorbers and a Panhard rod . This stiffer chassis allowed doors to become an optional fitting .  The Mk V version was derived from the `` Lightweight '' Dellow ( WRF 81 ) constructed by Tony Marsh for speed events in 1954 . It saw coil springs introduced at the front ( over telescopic dampers ) although still with a one-piece Ford beam axle .  About 300 Dellows in total are believed to have been constructed .   A new company , Dellow Engineering , based in Oldbury near Birmingham produced a Mk VI - often incorrectly quoted as having a glass fibre body , it too was in fact built with alloy panelling . Very few Mk VI 's were made .

neg: MG Sports and Racing Europe MG Sports and Racing Europe Limited was a British automotive company based in Eardiston , Tenbury Wells in Worcestershire . The company was founded by William Riley , who acquired assets of the MG Sport and Racing subsidiary of MG Rover Group after its demise , with the intention of restarting production of the MG XPower SV sportscar , renamed MG XPower WR . The company was registered on 29 January 2007 .   In December 2009 , it was reported in the press that no new cars had been manufactured by MG Sports and Racing Europe since its founding , and that employment tribunal proceedings had been initiated by two employees for non-payment of wages . Riley was also arrested by police in 2009 on suspicion of theft of an XPower WR car previously sold to a Canadian businessman who had been working on behalf of the company . The Police charges against Mr William Riley were dropped and he was awarded damages against the police . The case brought by two former employees is under investigation with court cases against both employees for attempting to obtain money for work not carried out .   Riley 's use of the `` MG '' trademark resulted in a legal dispute with Nanjing Automobile ( Group ) Corporation , which had also acquired assets of the defunct MG Rover Group . This case was won by Nanjing in February 2010 . Consequently , the company name was changed to Sports and Racing Europe Ltd. in March 2010 .

neg: BYD S6 BYD S6 is the first SUV model independently designed and manufactured by the China 's Shenzhen-based battery , PV and auto maker , BYD Company Ltd. . BYD S6 was shown at the Guangzhou Auto Show in late 2010 and since May 6 , 2011 when this model was first officially sold in Changsha , China , it has witnessed a vibrant growth in sales thanks to its attractive SUV exterior design and overall performance in electronic equipment and safety etc. . It became the best selling China domestic SUV in sales volume by reaching 15,000 units in December , 2011 , being awarded as `` Fastest Seller SUV '' and has been named China 's `` SUV of the Year '' according to the Annual Ranking of Chinese Automobiles -- the highest honor in the China Automotive Industry .

neg: Rover (motorcycles) The Rover Company was a British bicycle and motorcycle manufacturer before it began the manufacture of motor cars . Rover was established in 1878 by John Kemp Starley in Coventry to produce bicycles . The company developed and produced the Rover Imperial motorcycle in November 1902 . Between 1903 and 1924 , Rover produced more than 10,000 motorcycles .

neg: Solihull plant Solihull plant is a car manufacturing factory in Lode Lane , Solihull , UK , owned by Jaguar Land Rover .

neg: British Aircraft Corporation The British Aircraft Corporation ( BAC ) was a British aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation Ltd. , Vickers-Armstrongs ( Aircraft ) , the Bristol Aeroplane Company and Hunting Aircraft in 1960 . Bristol , English Electric and Vickers became `` parents '' of BAC with shareholdings of 20 % , 40 % and 40 % respectively . BAC in turn acquired the share capital of their aviation interests and 70 % of Hunting several months later . Its head office was on the top floors of the 100 Pall Mall building in the City of Westminster , London .

neg: MSD Ignition MSD Ignition is an American automotive aftermarket manufacturing company that specializes in high-end ignition system and electrical components .

neg: British Safety Industry Federation The British Safety Industry Federation ( BSIF ) is the UK 's leading trade body within the safety industry . It has over 160 members including manufacturers , distributors , test houses , certification bodies , safety professionals and service providers .   Its aim is to provide support and guidance on a wide range of occupational safety issues . It is the lead association for the Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE ) Directive and it is recognised as a Competent Authority by the Health and Safety Executive ( HSE ) . The BSIF has active links with many government departments and over 130 representative Trade Bodies . It has also been instrumental in the development of the Occupational Safety & Health Consultants Register ( OSHCR ) along with other bodies including the British Safety Council & the Health and Safety Executive .   The BSIF consists of some seven independent Trade Associations which are Federated together to create the British Safety Industry Federation . These are :   • The BSIF Association of Safety Professionals  • The BSIF Safety Distributor Association  • The BSIF Environmental Safety Association  • The BSIF Occupational Health Association  • The BSIF Personal Safety Manufacturers Association -LSB- PSMA -RSB-  • The BSIF Test and Certification Association  • The BSIF Trade Body Forum


query: Sriti Jha performed the leading role in a soap opera.

pos: Sriti Jha Sriti Jha ( born February 26 , 1986 ) is an Indian television actress , who appears in the Indian soap opera . She made her debut with the role of Malini Sharma in the Disney India 's teen drama Dhoom Machaao Dhoom . Jha rose to prominence with the serial Jyoti on NDTV Imagine as Sudha Sharma . She is a currently playing the lead role of Pragya in Zee TV 's show Kumkum Bhagya .

pos: Kumkum Bhagya Kumkum Bhagya ( English : Vermillion In My Fate ) is a Hindi-language Indian soap opera which premiered on 15 April 2014 . and is broadcast on weeknights on Zee TV . The show is loosely based on the novel Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen . Kumkum Bhagya is its Indian interpretation , which follows the life of a Hindu-Punjabi matriarch , Sarla Arora , who runs a marriage hall . Sarla lives with the hope of seeing her two daughters Pragya and Bulbul , happily married some day . The pivotal characters of this show are strong , feisty women , living together in an all-female matriarchal family . The series stars Sriti Jha , Shabbir Ahluwalia with Mrunal Thakur , Arjit Taneja/Vin Rana , Shikha Singh and Leena Jumani in supporting roles . The series is produced by Ekta Kapoor under the banner Balaji Telefilms . Continuing her tradition , Ekta Kapoor has named the series starting with the letter `` K '' because she feels it is lucky . The show is directed by Sameer Kulkarni and developed by Ekta Kapoor .

neg: Arundhati (TV Series) Arundathi is a 2016 Tamil language Thriller Family soap opera that aired on Raj TV from October 10 , 2016 to 6 January 2017 at 8:00 PM IST for 75 episodes . The show starred Reshmi , Senthinathan , Adhithiya , Udhay , Sekar , S. Priya , Shri and among others .

neg: Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur Chittod Ki Rani Padmini Ka Johur ( English : The Johur of the Queen Padmini of Chittod ) was an Indian historical television drama on Sony Entertainment Television ( India ) , based on the life of Rani Padmini , the famous 14th-century queen of Chittod , Mewar , Rajasthan . The drama premiered on 25 May 2009 with Sony TV 's `` new look '' along with many other shows . The series is produced by National Award ( India ) winning director , Nitin Chandrakant Desai , who spent millions of rupees to create the `` right look '' for the drama .   The drama was meant to run for 6 months ( 104 episodes ) , but ended after 48 episodes due to its exceeding expenses and low TRPs .

neg: Shanti (TV series) Shanti - Ek Aurat Ki Kahani is an Indian television series that aired on DD National in 1994 , and was later shown on Indian television channel STAR Plus . The series stars Mandira Bedi as Shanti in the main lead . The show is one of the first Indian television drama series , has received a considerable cult status and is considered a classic .

neg: Kohi Apna Sa Kohi Apna Sa is an Indian television soap opera , first broadcast on Zee TV from 15 October 2001 . The series portrayed the lives of three best friends -- Khushi , Shruti and Sanjana -- once they got married into the same joint family . The series won several awards at the time it was first telecast.The series was telecasted on Zeenext & Lamhetv ( Zee Lamhe ) . The serial is currently telecasting on Zeesmile .

neg: Nandini (TV series) Nandhini is an South Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV , Surya TV , Gemini TV and Udaya TV channels . It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India . Nithya Ram , Baby Adhitri , Malavika Wales and Rahul Ravi are the main protagonists of the series . The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and South-Indian actress Kushboo . The show has been praised and well received by the audience , becoming a huge success and India 's most watched television series in a matter of weeks since it first aired .   The show airs every Monday to Saturday at 9:00 PM & 10.30 AM ( Sun tv re-telecast ) ( IST ) on Sun TV and Gemini TV . From Monday to Friday at 9:00 PM ( IST ) on Surya TV and Monday to Friday at 8:30 PM ( IST ) on Udaya TV in Tamil , Malayalam , Telugu and Kannada , respectively . In Sri Lanka Monday to Friday at 10.00 pm on Shakthi TV . It is edited by National award winner N. B. Srikanth and his long time associate C. M. Selvakumar .

neg: Film Farm India Film Farm India is a production house based in Mumbai , India . It produces Indian soap opera 's for various channels like Colors , Zee TV.It is promoted and established by Pintoo Guha & Rupali Guha

neg: Hindi Hai Hum Hindi Hai Hum was a daily soap that aired on the new Indian channel Real TV . It is a story centred on India 's youth .

neg: Cinta Fitri Cinta Fitri ( Fitri 's Love ) is an Indonesian soap opera with 7 seasons and 1002 episodes that ran for 4 years . It was produced by MD Entertainment headed by Manoj Punjabi and Dhamoo Punjabi . It aired at 20:30 on SCTV between 2 April 2007 until 28 November 2010 . The show moved to Indosiar on 11 January 2011 until 8 May 2011 between durated 4 years how much a 7 season and 1002 episode , was re-run network on RCTI , MNC International , MNCTV , Global TV and SINDOtv was television network by MNC Media was subsidiary owner by Media Nusantara Citra , Believing strongly in the provision of wholesome entertainment , good family and community values , good corporate citizenship , and the promotion of national integration , the station works on an appointment-based programming concept reflecting its philosophy of being East or West , Cinta Fitri Farrel is The Best .   MediaCorp TV12 Suria from MediaCorp TV12 was launched television series long running drama Cinta Fitri sister channel on MediaCorp TV Channel 5 , MediaCorp TV HD5 , MediaCorp TV12 Suria , Astro Aruna and Sensasi media television market via MediaCorp TV , MediaCorp TV12 , mio TV and StarHub TV a media television cable network in Singapore was produced by SCTV now Indosiar later re-run on RCTI , MNCTV and Global TV was television network by MNC Media was subsidiary owner by Media Nusantara Citra an Indonesian free-to-air television channel names terrestrial television network in Jakarta will be telecast since on New Year 's Day from 2008 to 2014 is a 1002 episode and 7 season for Indonesian drama series Cinta Fitri ( from SCTV now Indosiar later re-run on RCTI , MNC International , MNCTV , Global TV and SINDOtv was television network by MNC Media was subsidiary owner by Media Nusantara Citra ) with Singapore English dubbing and Singapore English-Malay subtitles of their Indonesian version .   This series was somewhat criticized when it was first aired in Indonesia , commissioner meeting high viewership in Singapore , Malaysia and Brunei .   MediaCorp TV was programmes produced by RCTI productions were exported to the Singapore cable television market via Media Nusantara Citra is a via the newly established MediaCorp TV Channel 5 and MediaCorp TV HD5 a pay television channel names cable television network in Singapore was introduced by Cinta Fitri Season 2 was started and character by Shireen Sungkar was launched in 2008 .

neg: Chithi (TV series) Chithi is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language prime time soap opera that was broadcast on Sun TV . The show premiered on 20 December 1999 . It was aired Monday through Friday at 9:30 pm . The show starred Radika , Sivakumar , Anju , Latha Sethupathi , Yuvarani , Subhalekha Sudhakar , Hemalatha , Poovilangu Mohan , Ajay Rathnam , Riyaz Khan , Vijay Adhiraj and Tharika .   The show was produced by Radaan Mediaworks , directed by C. J. Baskar . The title track was composed by Dhina . It had been receiving the highest ratings of Tamil serials and it was credited as the best serial and received high praising from viewers . It holds the credit of most watched regional Language television program in India ever . The show last aired on 10 November 2001 and ended with 467 episodes . It was also aired in Sri Lanka Tamil Channel on Shakthi TV and United Kingdom Tamil Channel on Deepam TV .

neg: Jawara (soap opera) Jawara is an Indonesian soap opera , produced by SinemArt . It was first aired on RCTI in June 6 , 2016 .

neg: Dilya Ghari Tu Sukhi Raha Dilya Ghari Tu Sukhi Raha ( Marathi : Live Happily in the home given to you ) is an Indian soap opera that airs on Zee Marathi on weeknights .

neg: Jai Shri Krishna Jai Shri Krishna ( English : Hail Lord Krishna ) is an Indian television series produced by Sagar Pictures , which aired on Colors in Hindi from 21 July 2008 to 15 September 2009 and also on Raj TV in Tamil from 20 April 2009 to 14 June 2010 .   Actor Meghan Jadhav played Krishna . It is the remake of Ramanand Sagar 's successful show Sri Krishna and was handled by Moti Sagar of Sagar Pictures . It is based on Mahabharata , Harivamsa , Bhagavata Purana and the Vishnu Purana . It is aired regularly on Rishtey in the UK .

neg: Bhakter Bhogobaan Shri Krishna Bhakter Bhogobaan Shri Krishna ; is a Bengali mythological drama that premiered on March 21 , 2016 and airs on Star Jalsha . It is produced by Surinder Films . It stars Gourab , Ipshita Mukherjee and Rupsha Mukhopadhyay in lead roles and Biswanath Basu as main antagonists . It replaced Star Jalsha 's popular family drama Tomay Amay Mile .

neg: Vindhya Tiwari Vindhya Tiwari is an Indian television actress , known for her work in Indian soap operas . She made her on-screen debut with the serial Ghar Ek Sapnaa ( 2008 ) , aired on Sahara One . However , her breakthrough role was in the drama Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo on Zee TV n she is best known for her role in `` Maryada : Lekin Kab Tak ? '' on Star Plus as Vidya for which she got nominated for best television actress in Indian television academy awards ( ita ) . She recently played the lead role in Badi Door Se Aaye Hain as Sonachandi on SAB TV .

neg: Aisyah Putri The Series: Jilbab In Love Aisyah Putri The Series : Jilbab In Love is an Indonesian soap opera musical comedy drama produced by SinemArt that airs daily on RCTI . The cast includes Anna Gilbert , Miller Khan , Aliff Alli , Henindar Amroe , and Lucky Perdana . The story is a loose adaptation of the book Asma Nadia .

neg: Oru Kai Osai (TV series) Oru Kai Osai was a Tamil soap opera that aired on Zee Tamil . The show is set to launch on 20 January 2014 Monday through Friday 9:30 PM IST . The starring by Sujitha , Saakshi Siva , Bhuvaneswari , Mahalakshmi and Directed by N. Piriyan . The show last aired on 30 January 2015 and ended with 260 episodes . It also aired in United Kingdom Tamil Channel on Deepam TV .

neg: Doli Saja Ke Doli Saja Ke was a Hindi language Indian soap opera that aired on Sahara One channel worldwide . The series premiered on 27 May 2007 and aired every Monday to Friday at 10pm IST . It ended on 13 November 2009 .

neg: Ichchenodi Ichchenodi ( Wishing River ) is a Bengali television soap opera that premiered on June 15 , 2015 and aired at 5:30 pm on Star Jalsha .

neg: Kundali (TV series) Kundali is an Indian-produced television soap opera that originally aired on Metro Gold under DD Metro in 2002 . After the channel closed , the series was taken over by STAR Plus , and aired from the beginning . Due to its popularity among audiences , the series is currently re-airing on TV Asia channel in USA , every Friday at 8pm EST. .   The series is produced by one of the popular Indian television production house , Balaji Telefilms , and directed by Ekta Kapoor .

neg: Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi ( English : I Love Only You ) is an Indian soap opera which premiered on 24 June 2014 and aired every Monday to Friday at 10:00 pm on Colors TV . The show is produced by Ekta Kapoor of Balaji Telefilms and stars Shakti Arora and Radhika Madan in lead roles . It is also dubbed in Tamil as Urave Uyire and airs on Polimer TV as well as in Odia as Mo Mana Tori Pain and airs on Colors Odia and it is aired in Sri Lanka as Sadahatama Oba Mage on TV Derana dubbed in Sinhalese . The final episode aired on 19 February 2016 .