query: The subject of The Prestige is stage magic.

pos: The Prestige (film) The Prestige is a 2006 British-American mystery thriller film directed by Christopher Nolan , from a screenplay adapted by Nolan and his brother Jonathan from Christopher Priest 's 1995 World Fantasy Award-winning novel of the same name . Its story follows Robert Angier and Alfred Borden , rival stage magicians in London at the end of the 19th century . Obsessed with creating the best stage illusion , they engage in competitive one-upmanship with tragic results . The film stars Hugh Jackman as Robert Angier , Christian Bale as Alfred Borden , and David Bowie as Nikola Tesla . It also stars Michael Caine , Scarlett Johansson , Piper Perabo , Andy Serkis , and Rebecca Hall . The film reunites Nolan with actors Bale and Caine from Batman Begins and returning cinematographer Wally Pfister , production designer Nathan Crowley , film score composer David Julyan , and editor Lee Smith .   The film was released on October 20 , 2006 , receiving positive reviews and strong box office results , and received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction . Along with The Illusionist and Scoop , The Prestige was one of three films released in 2006 to explore the world of stage magicians .

neg: York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' .   Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street .   The Oscar Hammerstein Award  is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years .   Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .

neg: Black light theatre Black Light Theatre ( in Czech černé divadlo ) or simply Black Theatre , is a theatrical performance style characterized by the use of black box theatre augmented by black light illusion . This form of theatre originated from Asia and can be found in many places around the world . It has become a speciality of Prague , where many theatres use it .   The distinctive characteristics of `` black theatre '' are the use of black curtains , a darkened stage , and `` black lighting '' ( UV light ) , paired with fluorescent costumes in order to create intricate visual illusions . This `` black cabinet '' technique was used by Georges Méliès , and by theatre revolutionary Konstantin Stanislavski ( especially in his production of Cain ) . The technique , paired with the expressive artistry of dance , mime and acrobatics of the performers is able to create remarkable spectacles .

neg: Professional performances Professional performances , as opposed to amateur performances , are those in which performers receive payment for their performances . Professional performances are engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional actor is someone who derives income by participating in professional performances . A professional theatre company auditions actors to perform in their professional theatre . The company sells tickets ; actors receive payment for their performances . This is the same for musicians , dancers , comedians . Also see : professional sports .   A professional performer is a person in a profession that requires certain types of skilled work requiring formal training or education . In western nations , such as the United States , the term commonly describes highly educated , salaried workers , who enjoy considerable work autonomy , economic security , a comfortable salary , and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional athlete is someone who derives income by participating in competitive sports . Sometimes also called `` commercial grade '' .

neg: Magic (programming) In the context of computer programming , magic is an informal term for abstraction ; it is used to describe code that handles complex tasks while hiding that complexity to present a simple interface . The term is somewhat tongue-in-cheek and carries bad connotations , implying that the true behavior of the code is not immediately apparent . For example , Perl 's polymorphic typing and closure mechanisms are often called `` magic '' . The term implies that the hidden complexity is at least in principle understandable , in contrast to black magic and deep magic ( see Variants ) , which describe arcane techniques that are deliberately hidden or extremely difficult to understand . The action of such abstractions is described as being done `` automagically '' , a portmanteau of `` automatically '' and `` magically '' .

neg: Revolving auditorium A revolving auditorium is a mechanically controlled seating area within a theatre which can be rotated in order to manipulate the change of scenery and stage sets during the performance . Revolving auditoriums are favoured by open-air theatres in particular , because they are ideally suited for the use of natural scenery as an integral part of the set .   The first revolving auditoriums in Europe were built in 1959 in Finland and the Czech Republic ( then Czechoslovakia ) , respectively . The auditorium in Pyynikin Kesäteatteri , Tampere , was the first of its kind to be powered by electrical machinery , whereas the auditorium in the old Baroque Castle Gardens in Český Krumlov , South Bohemia , required 40 people to power its movements . At the time of its construction , Celtworld contained the largest revolving auditorium in Europe .

neg: Shūmei Shūmei ( 襲名 , `` name succession '' ) are grand naming ceremonies held in kabuki theatre . Most often , a number of actors will participate in a single ceremony , taking on new stage-names .   These stagenames , most often those of the actor 's father , grandfather , or teacher , are passed down between generations of actors ' lineages , and hold great honor and importance . Many names are associated with certain roles or acting styles , and the new possessor of each name must live up to these expectations ; there is the feeling almost of the actor not only taking a name , but embodying the spirit , style , or skill of each actor to previously hold that name . Many actors will go through at least three names over the course of their career , their participation in a shūmei representing their passage into a new chapter of their performing career .   The shūmei usually is followed by a performance significant to the actors ' new names ; these might involve larger parts , a new play , or roles traditional for actors with those names . For example , the stagename of Ichikawa Danjūrō is strongly associated with the role of the hero in the Shibaraku scene . Many of the twelve men to be called Ichikawa Danjūrō have excelled at this role , and so upon becoming the next Ichikawa Danjūrō , an actor may perform that role , which he never would have as a younger , less experienced actor with a different stagename .

neg: Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space .   A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre .   Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals .   While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .

neg: Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast .   In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run .   Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy .   Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes .   It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle .   Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .

neg: Scenic bios Scenic bios is the state of physicality that a performer generates in the act of performance . It is a state of readiness and energy that is above and beyond the daily . Daily energy is that which we all employ during ordinary activity . It is usually the minimum required for practical requirement . Extra daily energy on the other hand , is that which the performer employs by various means such as balance , anatomical alteration , and other less obvious devices such as extra awareness and understanding of certain principles , in the very act of performance .   Some of these principles , first recognized and formulated in empirical studies by Eugenio Barba , may be learned or they may be inherent . Such principles as equivalence , dilation , rhythm and timing , all seem like second nature , and the performer may not know that she is applying them in any strict sense . But , Barba has demonstrated that through physical training and exercises of his devising these principles can become fruitfully exploited by the actor in her endeavours .   All these principles are believed by Barba to exist in the actors pre-expressive being . This pre-expressivity is otherwise known as scenic bios , or stage ` presence ' .

neg: The Magic Flute (2006 film) The Magic Flute is Kenneth Branagh 's English-language film version of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's singspiel Die Zauberflöte . The film is a co-production between France & the UK , produced by Idéale Audience and in association with UK 's The Peter Moores Foundation .   In November 2005 , it was announced that , as part of the 250th anniversary celebration of Mozart 's birthday , a new film version of The Magic Flute , set during World War I , was to be made , directed by Kenneth Branagh , with a translation by Stephen Fry . The film was presented at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2006 , at the Venice Film Festival on 8 September of that year , and released in Switzerland on 5 April 2007 . It has played in many European countries .   The film , with a soundtrack performed by the Chamber Orchestra of Europe conducted by James Conlon , is the first motion picture version of the opera specifically intended for cinemas . Ingmar Bergman 's 1975 film version was made for Swedish television and only later released to theatres . Branagh 's version was shot in Super 35 and released in anamorphic widescreen , while Bergman 's was filmed in Academy ratio for television sets of the 1970s .   A DVD of the film was released in France in August 2007 with a bonus soundtrack CD ( lasting around 79 minutes ) and a `` Making of '' featurette ( 50 minutes ) . The film has also been released on DVD in the Netherlands ( in a three-disc set ) , Finland , Argentina , and Japan .   Revolver Entertainment is giving the film a theatrical release in the United States in June 2013 , seven years after its premiere in Europe .

neg: Preview (theatre) Previews are a set of public performances of a theatrical presentation that precede its official opening . The purpose of previews is to allow the director and crew to identify problems and opportunities for improvement that were n't found during rehearsals and to make adjustments before critics are invited to attend . The duration of the preview period varies , and ticket prices may be reduced .   The term can also be used to describe an exhibition of a film to evaluate an audience 's reaction and make possible changes before its official release . ( This is different from a `` trailer '' , a short advertisement for a finished film . ) To avoid this confusion , `` test screening '' would be a more appropriate term than `` preview '' .

neg: Live Action Set Live Action Set is a physical theater performance company based in Minneapolis , Minnesota . Its artistic mission is to create visually poetic , wildly imaginative , and accessible performance experiences that harness the indefinable power of the human spirit . It does so primarily by focusing on ensemble-created new work and draws from the worlds of dance , drama , music , mime , clowning and visual theater . The company is committed to creating original , ensemble-driven performances that dissolve boundaries between artistic disciplines .   Founded in 2003 , Live Action Set has earned great critical praise and become one of the most influential experimental theatre companies in the Twin Cities . The company 's productions have been widely hailed as `` courageous '' , `` beautiful '' and `` daring . '' Their first standout production , Please Do n't Blow Up Mr. Boban , was the top-selling show at the 2005 Minnesota Fringe Festival . In 2011 , their original production about myths re-envisioned in the Old West , The 7-Shot Symphony , received an Ivey Award for Overall Excellence .

neg: Stagecraft Stagecraft is the technical aspect of theatrical , film , and video production . It includes constructing and rigging scenery ; hanging and focusing of lighting ; design and procurement of costumes ; make-up ; stage management ; audio engineering ; and procurement of props . Stagecraft is distinct from the wider umbrella term of scenography . Considered a technical rather than an artistic field , it is primarily the practical implementation of a scenic designer 's artistic vision .   In its most basic form , stagecraft may be executed by a single person ( often the stage manager of a smaller production ) who arranges all scenery , costumes , lighting , and sound , and organizes the cast . Regional theatres and larger community theatres will generally have a technical director and a complement of designers , each of whom has a direct hand in their respective designs .  Within significantly larger productions , for example a modern Broadway show , effectively bringing a show to opening night requires the work of skilled carpenters , painters , electricians , stagehands , stitchers , wigmakers , and the like . Modern stagecraft is highly technical and specialized : it comprises many sub-disciplines and a vast trove of history and tradition .

neg: Theater drapes and stage curtains Theater drapes and stage curtains are large pieces of cloth that are designed to mask backstage areas of a theater from spectators . They are designed for a variety of specific purposes and come in several types ; many are made from black or other dark colored , light-absorbing material , and heavyweight velour is the current industry standard for these . Theater drapes represent a portion of any production 's soft goods , a category which includes any cloth-based element of the stage or scenery ( though not including cloth theater costumes or wardrobe ) .   Proscenium stages use a greater variety of drapes than arena or thrust stages . In proscenium theaters , drapes are typically suspended from battens that are controlled by a fly system ( i.e. , they are `` flown '' , in theater terminology ) . When a drape is flown , the task of adjusting its height for best masking effect is simplified and , in the case of a drape that must be moved during a performance , this enables the drape to be quickly raised above the proscenium arch -- thus positioning it out of view of spectators -- or lowered to any arbitrary height above the stage , as required .

neg: Stagehand A stagehand is a person who works backstage or behind the scenes in theatres , film , television , or location performance . Their work include setting up the scenery , lights , sound , props , rigging , and special effects for a production .

neg: Wizard Wars Wizard Wars is a reality competition show in which teams of magicians create and perform original magic routines before a live studio audience . Their acts are judged on creativity , deception , and showmanship . Vegas headliners Penn & Teller head up the judging panel , alongside magic critic Christen Gerhart and World Champion of Magic Jason Latimer . Wizard Wars also features four `` home team '' magicians -- the `` Wizards '' -- who return every week to take on new teams of `` challengers . '' Wizards include street magician Justin Flom , stage illusionist David Shimshi , mentalist Angela Funovits , and con man Gregory Wilson . The series premiered August 19 , 2014   Wizard Wars was created in 2012 by Vegas-based magic consultant Rick Lax and street magician Justin Flom . Flom filmed the original Wizard Wars pilot in Lax 's apartment , on a $ 15 budget . The competing magicians created routines with placemats , beach balls , colored erasers and fake oranges . Flom 's YouTube video , featured on Wired.com and BoingBoing.com , caught the eye of production company A. Smith & Co. , who worked with Lax and Flom to sell the show to the Syfy network . Flom now stars in the show as a `` Wizard '' ; Lax works behind the scene as a producer and magic consultant .   Notable magicians appearing on Wizard Wars include Las Vegas headliners Murray SawChuck , Tommy Wind , Nathan Burton , Greg Dow , America 's Got Talent 's Leon Etienne ( Season 8 ) , and Naathan Phan .   Over a million people watched the Wizard Wars series premiere . The episode highlighted Canadian illusionists Chris Funk and Ekaterina , who ended up losing the `` Wizard War '' to `` Wizards '' Gregory Wilson and Justin Flom .   Speaking on behalf of Flom and himself , Lax said this of the Internet-to-series premier journey : `` The most unlikely part of the YouTube-video-to-Syfy-show transition was that the original Wizard Wars vision stayed in shape ... Everyone told me , ` Hollywood is going to tear your idea apart , ' but that did n't happen . Only thing that happened was the magic got bigger and better . ''   Wizard Wars maintained `` very solid ratings '' and was renewed for another six episodes . In these six episodes ( `` Season 1.5 '' ) former Challenger Billy Kidd joins the cast as a full-fledged Wizard .

neg: Theatrical jousting Coined in the late 20th century by American stunt performer Kent Shelton , the term theatrical jousting refers to a form of live entertainment in which a medieval jousting tournament is recreated in conjunction with a scripted performance .  Alternative terms are `` jousting reenactment '' or `` choreographed jousting '' .   The Hanlon-Lees Action Theater is credited with developing the theatrical joust format in 1979 ; its first appearance was at the New York Renaissance Faire in Tuxedo , New York .  This type of performance has become very popular at various renaissance fairs by the early 2000s .   Typically a three-act affair , the theatrical joust consists of  a display of skill ;  a mock battle which results in a verbal challenge ;  an armed joust on horseback , often `` to the death . ''   A variety of colorful characters , either villainous or heroic , give the audience ( which is usually divided into sectors based upon the number of `` knights '' ) a particular person to root for or against .   As the show must be repeated on a daily or weekly basis , all fights are carefully choreographed and rehearsed .  Horses must be trained to withstand such peculiarities as the clatter of steel weaponry , the occurrence of a rider being knocked from the saddle , and the roar of large crowds . Special makeup and/or property effects are often incorporated into the performance to provide the illusion of violent death or shattering equipment .

neg: Industrial musical An industrial musical is a musical performed internally for the employees or shareholders of a business , to create a feeling of being part of a team , to entertain , and/or to educate and motivate the management and salespeople to improve sales and profit . It can be used to increase staff awareness of public relations , advertising , marketing or corporate image .   Other terms for industrial musicals include the corporate musical or industrial show , but the latter can also refer to trade shows , which are publicity events organized by businesses in a specific industry to promote their products to potential buyers .   Industrial musicals are not restricted to corporations or to businesses involved in industry . They should not be confused with industrial music , or with musicals produced by businesses to be seen by the general public , for example , Disney 's stage production of The Lion King .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Stage Right! Stage Right ! is a professional theatre company and performing arts school located in Greensburg , Pennsylvania . Established in 1998 as an organization for young people to take classes in musical theatre by Chris Rizk , Stage Right ! also became a professional theatre company in 1999 , established by artistic director Anthony Marino , Rizk 's brother . The company produces a full season of musicals , utilizing professional actors from the Pittsburgh theatre scene as well as students from their classes .   In spring 2013 , Stage Right moved its studio a few blocks to a larger space at 105 W Fourth Street , Greensburg .   The season is supplemented with many other opportunities to utilize the talents of the students , including an `` all-county musical '' featuring students from local high school theatre programs , children 's plays , summer camp productions , and Books Come Alive ! , a series of adaptations of children 's books performed at libraries throughout the area . The company is also notable for its annual production of The Rocky Horror Show every Halloween . Many of Stage Right ! 's students have had success in Pittsburgh Public Theater 's Shakespeare Monologue and Scene Contest , as well as going on to well-respected college theatre programs such as Carnegie Mellon University , Point Park University , New York University , Seton Hill University , Syracuse University , and Shenandoah University . Stage Right ! alums have also had success in professional theatre , working in such venues as York Theatre , Off the Wall Productions , Bricolage Production Company , Pittsburgh Irish and Classical Theatre , Prime Stage Theatre , Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera , Pittsburgh Musical Theater , St. Vincent Summer Theatre , City Theatre , Terra Nova Theatre Group , MCC Theater , and 12 Peers Theater , as well as having had their work featured in the Pittsburgh New Works Festival .


query: Adolf Dassler was born on November 3, 1900.

pos: Adolf Dassler Adolf `` Adi '' Dassler ( 3 November 1900 -- 6 September 1978 ) was the founder of the German sportswear company Adidas , and the younger brother of Rudolf Dassler , founder of Puma .

neg: Ekkehard Ehlers Ekkehard Ehlers ( born 1974 in Frankfurt am Main ) is an artist working in the field of electronic music . In addition to his solo career , he has recorded under the monikers Auch , Betrieb and Ferdinand Fehlers and as a member of the duo Autopoesies and his band März . A BBC reviewer wrote of Ehlers music : Ehlers ' music toys with your perceptions a little , opening up a space to think   Ehlers became interested in aesthetic theory , particularly the work of Theodor Adorno , as a university student in Frankfurt . He began working with Sebastian Meissner as Autopoieses in the late 1990s . Autopoieses was in part about the recontextualization of samples , and the duo released their well-received debut record exploring these ideas in 1999 on Mille Plateaux . Ehlers ' tested the solo waters with minimal house released as Auch and Betrieb from 2000 to 2005 on Force Inc. and Klang . In 2000 Ehlers released his first solo album under his own name , the dark and abstract Betrieb . Constructed primarily of manipulated samples of Arnold Schönberg and Charles Ives , Betrieb is steeped in theory , as evidenced by the Ehlers-penned liner notes .   In 2001 , Ehlers began recording a series of singles to serve as tributes to some of his aesthetic heroes . These singles , which included `` Ekkehard Ehlers Plays Cornelius Cardew '' and `` Ekkehard Ehlers Plays John Cassavetes '' were ultimately gathered together on the 2002 album Plays . This release brought Ehlers notoriety outside of experimental electronic music circles . He followed it with the far more abstract Politik Braucht Keinen Feind in 2003 , and then with A Life Without Fear , which incorporated blues in a typically oblique way , in 2006 .   Since 2000 he started working on ballet scores for the choreographers William Forsythe and later Christoph Winkler and theater music for Ulrich Rasche .   He remixed the Red Hot Chili Peppers ' single Californication and collaborated with the band on a couple of their live sets . Two live recordings have been made called Tuesday Night in Berlin and Thursday Night in Berlin . The remixed Californication and the 14 minute improvisation jam Tuesday Night in Berlin can be found on the second version of the Red Hot Chili Peppers ' Fortune Faded single . The nearly 30 minute Thursday Night In Berlin has not been released officially although a bootleg has recently leaked onto the Internet .

neg: Aryan Games The Aryan Games ( Arische Spiele ) were a proposed replacement for the Olympic Games in the Third Reich . Proposed by Nazi sports organizer Carl Diem and subsequently adopted by Adolf Hitler , these multi-sport games were supposed to be housed permanently in Nuremberg at the planned `` German Stadium '' , that had been designed by Nazi architect Albert Speer , but was never built .   The idea was originally entertained in 1939 by Carl Diem , chief organizer of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin , who ahead of the 1936 Olympics was already noted for claiming that `` Germanics may only be defeated by other Germanics , '' which obviously turned out not to be the case . The idea was subsequently adopted by Hitler , who told Albert Speer that once the German Stadium was built , there would be no more Olympic Games , only the Aryan Games .

neg: Ideology of the SS The ideology espoused by the Schutzstaffel ( `` Protection Squadron '' ; SS ) , a paramilitary force and instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany , emphasized a racist vision of `` racial purity '' , antisemitism , and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany .   SS men were indoctrinated with the belief they were members of a `` master race '' . The ideology of the SS was , even more so than in Nazism in general , built on the belief in a superior `` Aryan race '' . This led to the SS playing the main role in political violence and crimes against humanity , including the Holocaust and `` mercy killing '' of those with congenital illnesses . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , the SS and Nazi Party were found to be criminal organizations at the Nuremberg Trials .

neg: Dienstleiter (NSDAP) Dienstleiter , ( Service Leader ) was a high-ranking Nazi Party political rank of Nazi Germany which existed between 1933 and 1945 . The rank was first created after the Nazi assumption of power and served as the second highest rank of the Reichsleitung Nazi Party organizational level , subordinate to the Reichsleiter .

neg: Aryan certificate In Nazi Germany , the Aryan certificate ( ` Ariernachweis ' ) was a document which certified that a person was a member of the Aryan race . Beginning in April 1933 it was required from all employees and officials in the public sector , including education , according to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service . It was also a primary requirement to become a Reich citizen , mainly for those who were not present in Germany at the time of the National Socialist regime 's uprising .   There were two main types .  Kleiner Ariernachweis '' ( `` Lesser Aryan certificate '' ) was one of :  Seven birth or baptism certificates ( or a combination of both ) ( the person , his parents and grandparents ) and three marriage certificates ( parents and grandparents ) or certified proofs thereof .  Ahnenpass ( literally ancestor 's passport )  Certified genealogy table ( `` Ahnentafel '' )  `` Großer Ariernachweis '' ( `` Greater Aryan certificate '' ) was required for compliance with the requirements of `` Reichserbhofgesetz '' ( land heritage law ) and membership in the Nazi party . This certificate had to trace the family pedigree down to 1800 ( and to 1750 for SS officers ) . According to the especially strict regulation of this law which included the goal of `` Preserving the Purity of German Blood '' only those were eligible who could prove ( reaching back to January 1 , 1800 ) that `` none of their paternal nor their maternal ancestors had Jewish or colored blood '' .

neg: Dezesseis de Novembro Dezesseis de Novembro ( Portuguese meaning November 16 ) is a municipality of the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil . The population is 2,795 ( 2015 est. ) in an area of 216.85 km ² . It is 535 km west of the state capital of Porto Alegre , northeast of Alegrete .   It produces the most alfalfa crops in Brazil which earns it the nickname the `` Alfalfa Capital of Brazil '' .

neg: Adolf Gehrts Adolf Gehrts ( 30 October 1886 -- 17 January 1943 ) was a German international footballer .

neg: Franz Pfemfert Franz Pfemfert ( 20 November 1879 , Lötzen , East Prussia ( now Giżycko , Poland ) -- 26 May 1954 , Mexico City ) was a German journalist , editor of Die Aktion , literary critic , politician and portrait photographer . Pfemfert occasionally wrote under the pseudonym U. Gaday ( derived from Russian `` ugadaj '' , dt : `` guess '' ) .   In 1911 he married Alexandra Ramm , who had moved to Berlin from Russia and who was involved in Russian translations .   Pfemfert was involved in founding the Antinationalen Sozialisten-Partei ( Antinational Socialist Party ) , originally a clandestine organisation founded in 1915 . Die Aktion became its official organ following the German Revolution in November 1918 .   He subsequently became close friends with Leon Trotsky , even though he maintained quite distinct political views .

neg: Modern converts to Christianity from Judaism The number of post-Mendelssohnian Jews who abandoned their ancestral faith is very large . According to Heman in Herzog-Hauck , `` Real-Encyc . '' ( x. 114 ) , the number of converts during the 19th century exceeded 100,000 ; Salmon , in his Handbuch der Mission ( 1893 , p. 48 ) , claims 130,000 ; others ( `` Divre Emeth , '' 1880 , p. 47 ; 1883 , p. 187 ) claim as many as 250,000 . For Russia alone 40,000 are claimed as having been converted from 1836 to 1875 ( `` Missionsblatt des Rheinisch-Westphälischen Vereins für Israel , '' 1878 , p. 122 ) ; while for England , up to 1875 , the estimate is 50,000 ( Johannes Friedrich Alexander de le Roi , `` Die Evangelische Christenheit und die Juden , '' iii . 60 ) .   Modern conversions mainly occurred en masse and at critical periods . In England there was a large secession when the chief Sephardic families , the Bernals , Furtados , Ricardos , Disraelis , Ximenes , Lopez 's , Uzziellis , and others , joined the Church ( see Picciotto , `` Sketches of Anglo-Jewish History '' ) . Germany had three of these periods . The Mendelssohnian era was marked by numerous conversions . In 1811 , David Friedlander handed Prussian State Chancellor Hardenberg a list of 32 Jewish families and 18 unmarried Jews who had recently abandoned their ancestral faith ( Rabbi Abraham Geiger , `` Vor Hundert Jahren , '' Brunswick , 1899 ) . In the reign of Frederick William III. , about 2,200 Jews were baptized ( 1822 -- 1840 ) , most of these being residents of the larger cities . The 3rd and longest period of secession was the anti-Semitic , beginning with the year 1880 . During this time the other German states , besides Austria and France , had an equal share in the number of those who obtained high stations and large revenues as the price for renouncing Judaism . The following is a list of the more prominent modern converts , the rarity of French names in which is probably because conversion was not necessary to a public career in that country .

neg: 1900 in Sweden Events from the year 1900 in Sweden

neg: Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner Arthur Adolf , Count of Posadowsky-Wehner , Baron of Postelwitz ( Arthur Graf von Posadowsky-Wehner Freiherr von Postelwitz , 3 June 1845 -- 23 October 1932 ) was a German conservative politician and statesman . He served as Secretary for the Treasury ( 1893 -- 1897 ) , Secretary of the Interior , Vice Chancellor of Germany and Prussian Minister of State ( 1897 -- 1907 ) .   Born to Silesian nobility , the son of a judge , Posadowsky-Wehner studied law in Berlin , Heidelberg and Breslau and earned a doctorate in law in 1867 . He subsequently acquired an agricultural property , and entered politics in 1871 , when he became a member of the province government in Posen . In 1882 he became a member of the Parliament of Prussia , and was appointed Landeshauptmann of Posen in 1885 .   Posadowsky was a crucial figure for the election reform in 1903 . He took care of a new voting technique to protect the secrecy of the ballot for the German parliament .   Posadowsky-Wehner was the candidate of the German National People 's Party for the Presidency of Germany in 1919 , but he lost to Friedrich Ebert .

neg: Arthur Schwartz Arthur Schwartz ( November 25 , 1900 -- September 3 , 1984 ) was an American composer and film producer .

neg: William Patrick Stuart-Houston William Patrick `` Willy '' Stuart-Houston ( né Hitler ; 12 March 1911 -- 14 July 1987 ) was a nephew of Adolf Hitler . Born to Adolf 's brother , Alois Hitler , Jr. and his first wife , Bridget Dowling , in Liverpool , England , William Hitler later moved to Germany , but subsequently emigrated to the United States where he served in the U.S. Navy in World War II .

neg: Helmuth Rudolph Helmuth Rudolph ( 1900 -- 1971 ) was a German actor .

neg: 1910s The 1910s ( pronounced `` nineteen-tens '' , also abbreviated as the `` teens '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1910 , and ended on December 31 , 1919 . The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th century . The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade , as well as the legacy of military alliances , was forever changed by the assassination , on June 28 , 1914 , of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne . The murder triggered a chain of events in which , within 33 days , World War I broke out in Europe on August 1 , 1914 . The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11 , 1918 , leading to the controversial , one-sided Treaty of Versailles , which was signed on June 28 , 1919 .   The war 's end triggered the abdication of various monarchies and the collapse of five of the last modern empires of Russia , Germany , China , Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary , with the latter splintered into Austria , Hungary , southern Poland ( who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia ) , Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia , as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia . However , each of these states ( with the possible exception of Yugoslavia ) had large German and Hungarian minorities , there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades . ( See Dissolution of Austro-Hungarian Empire : Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter . )   The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries . The Mexican Revolution spearheaded the trend in November 1910 , which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz , developing into a violent civil war that dragged on until mid-1920 , not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified . Russia also had a similar fate , since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos . This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism , which was later renamed as communism . Like the Mexican Revolution , the Russian Revolution of 1917 , known as the October Revolution , immediately turned to Russian Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1922 .   Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed . Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors . Prohibition in the United States began January 16 , 1919 , with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution .

neg: Karl Eberhard Schöngarth __ NOTOC __  Karl Georg Eberhard Schöngarth ( 22 April 1903 -- 16 May 1946 ) or Niclause Overby was a member of the SS of Nazi Germany . He was a war criminal who perpetrated mass murder and genocide in occupied Poland during the Holocaust .   Schöngarth was born in Leipzig , Saxony . In 1933 he became a member of the SD Intelligence Service of the SS . During the German attack on Poland he was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer and served as Senior Inspector of SiPo Security Police in Dresden . In January 1941 he was sent to Kraków , Poland , as Senior Commander of the SiPo and SD . During the time Schöngarth was stationed in Kraków , he formed several Einsatzgruppen ( Special Action Groups ) in Warsaw , Radom , and Lublin , with the intention of perpetrating massacres . He was responsible for the murder of up to 10,000 Jewish citizens between July and September 1941 and the massacre of Lviv professors behind the frontline of Operation Barbarossa in the Soviet Union . Schöngarth attended the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942 , along with Dr. Rudolf Lange ( Einsatzgruppen A ) , who had also participated in the Holocaust . From early July 1944 until the end of war he worked as Commander of the Gestapo in the Netherlands .   Schöngarth was captured by the allies at the end of the war in Europe . After an investigation into his background , he was charged with the crime of murdering a downed Allied pilot ( on 21 November 1944 ) and tried by a British Military Court in Burgsteinfurt . He was found guilty of this war crime on 11 February 1946 and sentenced to death by hanging . Schöngarth was executed by Albert Pierrepoint on 16 May 1946 at Hameln Prison .

neg: Erich Kahn Erich Kahn ( 1904 -- 1979 ) was a German Expressionist , and a survivor of the Nazi persecution of Jews and Gypsies during the events that led to World War II .

neg: Gustav Richter Gustav Richter ( 12 November 1913 -- c. 1982 ) was an aide to Nazi Adolf Eichmann , a Judenberater , during World War II .   Richter was born in 1913 and he received a law degree ( died about 1982 ) .   Richter was a devoted Nazi . He was a member of the National Socialist German Workers Party ( Nazi Party ) and he joined the elite SS ( Schutzstaffel ) .

neg: 6th SS-Standarte The 6th SS-Standarte was a regimental command of the Allgemeine-SS situated in the city of Berlin . As the command was located in the capital of Germany , the 6th Standarte was considered one of the more important SS units in Nazi Germany . The members of the Standarte themselves , however , were non-paid mustering troops of the `` General-SS '' as was the practice for most Allgemeine-SS regiments .   The Standarte was first formed in October 1931 and was part of the so-called `` Northern SS '' under the control of Kurt Daluege . At the time , there was a divisional disunity in the SS , with SS units in southern Germany controlled by Heinrich Himmler and the northern units answering to Daluege . It was not until 1934 , after most of the SS headquarters offices had relocated to Berlin , that this division was eventually done away with .   During Reichstag elections of 1931 , the 6th SS Standarte played a significant role in campaigning for the Nazi Party and repeated the effort again when Adolf Hitler ran for the office of President of Germany in 1932 . One early member of the Standarte , who would later become the Reichsführer-SS was Karl Hanke .   After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 , the 6th SS-Standarte adopted the honor title of `` Charlottenburg '' and often participated in several major Nazi Party rallies held in the German capitol . A year later , during the Night of the Long Knives , the Standarte played a major role in rounding up the Sturmabteilung leadership in Berlin , although most SA executions were carried out by SD troops and Gestapo agents .   One of the most notorious actions that the 6th SS-Standarte engaged in was `` Kristallnacht '' where Berlin SS men sought out and destroyed numerous Jewish synagogues and businesses . Shortly afterwards , the Standarte was granted a second honor title as `` 6 SS-Standarte Eduard Felsen '' .   When World War II began in 1939 , the Berlin SS regiment slowly began losing its members to regular military service , since mustering Allgemeine-SS personnel were not exempt from conscription . The Standarte was still participating in ceremonial functions as late as 1944 , however , and in the last year of the war many of the remaining members became involved with the Volksturm and participated in the Battle of Berlin .

neg: Altes Stadthaus, Dortmund Altes Stadthaus in Dortmund , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany , is an office block which was built in 1899 , and was designed by `` master builder '' Friedrich Kullrich ( a German architect , urban planner and construction officer from Berlin ) . It was built in the Renaissance Revival architecture ( Neo-Renaissance ) style . After the office block was severely damaged in World War II , it was rebuilt in a simplified form .   At the top of the gable is an eagle emblem , representing the city of Dortmund . The façades are made of Old or New Red Sandstone and the lateral parts have plastered surfaces . Kullrich said that the Stadthaus was in the shape of -LSB- Altes Rathaus , Dortmund , Altes Rathaus -RSB- . The Stadthaus is a short distance from -LSB- Alter Markt ( Dortmund ) , Alter Markt -RSB- , which houses the Rathaus on the south . The Rathaus was restored shortly after the Stadthaus was built , under the direction of the Commissioner of City Planning , for the City of Imperial visit to Dortmund in 1899 . A new hall was built in 2002 ( the Berswordt Hall ) , at Peace Square in Dortmund . Directly opposite of Peace Square is the -LSB- Rathaus ( Dortmund ) , Rathaus -RSB- ( town hall ) . The Berswordt Hall includes citizen services , a café and a shop , and was named after the Berswordt , one of the oldest families in Dortmund , who were first mentioned in 1249 . The Stadthaus is mainly used by the Dortmund city administration , and has been since it was built . The office block is listed on the Denkmalliste der Stadt Dortmund ( Monument list of Dortmund ) , which contains 1,015 monuments , many of them being listed buildings .


query: Patrick Wilson (American actor) was a cast member of A Gifted Man.

pos: Patrick Wilson (American actor) Patrick Joseph Wilson ( born July 3 , 1973 ) is an American actor and singer . He spent his early career starring in Broadway musicals , beginning in 1995 . He is a two-time Tony Award nominee for his roles in The Full Monty ( 2000 -- 2001 ) and Oklahoma ! ( 2002 ) . In 2003 , he appeared in the HBO miniseries Angels in America for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie .   Wilson has also appeared in feature films such as The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , Little Children ( 2006 ) , Watchmen ( 2009 ) , Insidious ( 2010 ) , Insidious : Chapter 2 ( 2013 ) , and as demonologist Ed Warren in James Wan 's supernatural horror films The Conjuring ( 2013 ) and The Conjuring 2 ( 2016 ) , the latter four earning him a reputation as a `` scream king '' . On television , he starred in the CBS drama series A Gifted Man ( 2011 -- 2012 ) , and as Lou Solverson in the second season of FX 's anthology series Fargo ( 2015 ) , for which he received a second Golden Globe Award nomination . He has been cast as Orm Marius/Ocean Master in the DC Extended Universe superhero film Aquaman ( 2018 ) .

neg: Jeffrey Tambor Jeffrey Michael Tambor ( born July 8 , 1944 ) is an American actor , voice artist , and comedian widely known for his roles as Hank Kingsley on The Larry Sanders Show , George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth on Arrested Development , and Maura Pfefferman on Transparent , for which he has received one Golden Globe , one Screen Actors Guild and two Emmy Awards .

neg: List of The Soul Man episodes The Soul Man is an American comedy series created by Suzanne Martin and Cedric the Entertainer . A spin-off of Hot in Cleveland , the series stars Cedric the Entertainer as Reverend Boyce `` The Voice '' Ballantine , a former R&B singer who relocates to St. Louis to become a minister . The Soul Man also stars Niecy Nash as Lolli , Boyce 's wife , Jazz Raycole as their daughter Lyric , Wesley Jonathan as Boyce 's younger brother `` Stamps '' , and John Beasley as Barton , the father of Boyce and Stamps .   Twelve episodes of the series were ordered for the first season , and the pilot was made available online for a limited time on June 13 , 2012 . The series officially premiered on June 20 , 2012 . On December 13 , 2012 , TV Land officially picked up The Soul Man for a second season of 10 episodes . The second season premiered on June 19 , 2013 .   The Soul Man was renewed for a third season that consisted of eight episodes and premiered on March 26 , 2014 with a special live episode . A fourth season of twelve episodes began airing on March 18 , 2015 with a live episode .   , 54 episodes of The Soul Man have aired , concluding the fifth season and the series .

neg: Ed Asner Yitzhak Edward `` Ed '' Asner ( born November 15 , 1929 ) is an American actor , voice actor and a former president of the Screen Actors Guild . He is primarily known for his role as Lou Grant during the 1970s and early 1980s , on both The Mary Tyler Moore Show and its spin-off series Lou Grant , making him one of the few television actors to portray the same leading character in both a comedy and a drama . He is also known for portraying Santa Claus in the comedy film Elf ( 2003 ) and its animated remake Elf : Buddy 's Musical Christmas ( 2014 ) .   In 2009 , he starred as the voice of Carl Fredricksen in Pixar 's animated film Up , and made a guest appearance on CSI : NY in the episode `` Yahrzeit '' . In early 2011 , Asner returned to television as butcher Hank Greziak in Working Class , the first original sitcom on cable channel CMT . He starred in the Canadian television series Michael , Tuesdays and Thursdays , on CBC Television and has appeared in the 2013 television series The Glades . Asner has most recently starred as Guy Redmayne , a homophobic billionaire who supports Alicia Florick 's campaign in the sixth season of The Good Wife .

neg: Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on November 17 , 1996 . It was written by Glen Morgan , directed by James Wong , and featured the first guest appearance by Chris Owens , appearing as a younger Smoking Man . `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.7 , being watched by 17.09 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly positive reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Lone Gunman Melvin Frohike ( Tom Braidwood ) finds a tell-tale magazine story supposedly revealing the history of The Smoking Man ( William B. Davis ) . The episode illustrates his possible involvement in several historical events and assassinations , although the reliability of the source is unresolved at the end of the episode .   Executive producer Frank Spotnitz later noted that , while parts of `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' may indeed be factual , the majority is not actual canon . The production of the episode did not require extensive use of Duchovny and Anderson on screen . The former 's voice is only heard and the latter appears only in archival footage . Davis , who portrayed the title character , was pleased with the episode , although confused with some of the contradictions in the script . Although not directly furthering the series ' overarching mythology , the episode involves several of its events and characters .

neg: Patrick Renna Patrick Renna ( born March 3 , 1979 ) is an American actor who began his career in the film The Sandlot playing Hamilton `` Ham '' Porter . Since then , he has appeared in numerous guest-starring and recurring roles for award-winning television series such as Boston Legal and The X-Files among others .

neg: Richard Wilson (Australian actor) Richard Wilson ( born 23 October 1984 in Leicester , Leicestershire , England ) is a British-born Australian actor .

neg: Robert Wilson (director) Robert Wilson ( born October 4 , 1941 ) is an American experimental theater stage director and playwright who has been described by the media as '' -LSB- America -RSB- 's -- or even the world 's -- foremost avant-garde ` theater artist . Over the course of his wide-ranging career , he has also worked as a choreographer , performer , painter , sculptor , video artist , and sound and lighting designer . He is best known for his collaborations with Philip Glass on Einstein on the Beach , and with numerous other artists , including Heiner Müller , William S. Burroughs , Allen Ginsberg , Lou Reed , Tom Waits , David Byrne , Laurie Anderson , Gavin Bryars , Rufus Wainwright , Marina Abramović , Willem Dafoe , Mikhail Baryshnikov , Darryl Pinckney and Lady Gaga .

neg: Paul Mantee Paul Mantee ( January 9 , 1931 -- November 7 , 2013 ) was an American film and television actor .   Mantee was born Paul Marianetti in San Francisco , California . A journalism major at San Mateo Junior College , Mantee enlisted in the U.S. Navy for four years during the Korean War that made him decide on acting as a career . He graduated from the University of California , Berkeley .   His stage name was changed from an Italian-sounding name to the name of Humphrey Bogart 's character in The Petrified Forest . He made a great number of guest appearances in well-known television shows and starred in a handful of films , including a cult classic , Robinson Crusoe on Mars . A restored version of the film was released in 2007 by The Criterion Collection . Mantee authored two novels , In Search of the Perfect Ravioli ( Ballantine Books , 1991 ) and a semi-autobiographical Bruno of Hollywood ( Ballantine Books , 1994 ) .   Mantee , a longtime Malibu resident , died November 7 , 2013 at a rehabilitation center in Canoga Park , California . He was survived by his wife , Suzy Davis Mantee .

neg: Michael Patrick Thornton Michael Patrick Thornton is an American actor and theater director . He recently played the character of Dr. Gabriel Fife in the ABC drama series Private Practice . He is a native of Jefferson Park , a neighborhood on Chicago 's northwest side .

neg: Patrick Breen Joseph Patrick Breen ( born October 26 , 1960 ) is an American actor , playwright and screenwriter . He has acted primarily on TV but has also appeared in numerous films , as well as on Broadway and Off Broadway . In 2010 , he starred on Broadway in Next Fall . He is currently playing Andrew Munsey , Director of the Central Intelligence Agency , on the CBS drama Madam Secretary . He was originally hired to voice Splatter and Dodge in Thomas & the Magic Railroad but was cut and was replaced by Neil Crone and Kevin Frank .   In a July 2012 interview with Metro Weekly Patrick Breen stated , `` I identify as one of the LGBT people '' and agreed with the interviewer who referred to Breen coming out as bisexual .

neg: Jonathan Wilson (actor) Jonathan Wilson is a Canadian actor , voice artist , comedian , and playwright , best known for his 1996 play My Own Private Oshawa . The play , a semi-autobiographical comedy about growing up gay in Oshawa , Ontario , was also optioned by Sandra Faire 's SFA Productions for production as a film , which won an award at the Columbus International Film & Video Festival in 2002 before premiering as a television movie on CTV in 2005 .   Wilson was a member of The Second City 's Toronto cast in the early 1990s . He later collaborated with fellow Second City alumni Kathy Greenwood and Ed Sahely on the stage show Not to Be Repeated , in which the three performed a two-act improvisational narrative comedy play in each performance . The show was also later developed into a short-run television series , This Sitcom Is ... Not to Be Repeated , for The Comedy Network in 2001 .   Wilson 's other acting credits include voice roles in Mia and Me , Little Bear , Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs , Totally Spies ! , Skatoony , Camp Lakebottom , Yin Yang Yo ! , Get Ed , BeyWheelz , Iggy Arbuckle , Miss Spider 's Sunny Patch Friends , recurring roles in Traders , Sue Thomas F.B.Eye and This Is Wonderland , film roles in House , Saint Ralph , New York Minute , PCU , Rubber Carpet and Brain Candy , and stage productions of The Laramie Project , The Lion King , and The Normal Heart . He won a Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding Performance in a Featured Role - Play or Musical for his performance as Timon in The Lion King .

neg: Patrick Cavanaugh Patrick Cavanaugh is an American television actor .

neg: Dan Patrick Daniel Patrick Pugh ( born May 15 , 1956 ) , known professionally as Dan Patrick , is an American sportscaster , radio personality , and actor from Mason , Ohio . He hosts The Dan Patrick Show broadcast on radio on Premiere Radio Networks and on television on NBCSN as well as The Audience Network for DIRECTV subscribers . He also co-hosts NBC 's Football Night in America and serves as a senior writer for Sports Illustrated . He worked at ESPN for 18 years , where he often anchored the weeknight and Sunday 11 p.m. edition of SportsCenter .

neg: Dan Grimaldi Daniel `` Dan '' Grimaldi is an American actor and mathematics professor who is known for his roles as twins Philly and Patsy Parisi on the HBO TV series The Sopranos .

neg: Wilson Yip Wilson Yip or Yip Wai-Shun ( ; born 1963 ) is a Hong Kong actor , filmmaker and screenwriter . His films include Bio Zombie , The White Dragon , SPL : Sha Po Lang , Dragon Tiger Gate , Flash Point and the Ip Man trilogy .

neg: Patrick the Great Patrick the Great is a 1945 American drama film starring Donald O'Connor , Peggy Ryan , and Frances Dee . This was the last ever film for O'Connor and Ryan together , who had been a teenage team for the past several years . This was also O'Connor last film before he went to serve in World War II .

neg: Sunshine Days `` Sunshine Days '' is the eighteenth and penultimate episode of the ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files , and the series ' 200th episode overall . It originally aired on the Fox network on May 12 , 2002 . The entry was written and directed by executive producer Vince Gilligan . The episode is a `` monster-of-the-week '' episode , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the mythology , or overarching fictional history , of The X-Files . `` Sunshine Days '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.2 , was viewed by 6.5 million households , and 10.4 million viewers in its initial broadcast . It received mixed reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files ; this season focuses on the investigations of John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) , and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) . In this episode , Doggett , Reyes , Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) and Scully stumble on to a bizarre murder case where the main suspect is a man with an unusual obsession for The Brady Bunch . Despite their initial differences -- both in investigative style and love of The Brady Bunch -- the four of them soon learn that the man 's telekinetic ability is the ultimate , undeniable proof of an X-File .   The episode marked Gilligan 's second directorial effort , after season seven 's `` Je Souhaite '' . The Brady Bunch house set featured in the episode was completely rebuilt . According to Anderson , people came `` from all over Los Angeles '' to get their pictures taken on the set . In addition , it contained several elaborate effects . `` Sunshine Days '' was the final `` monster-of-the-week '' entry in the series ; the series finale , `` The Truth '' would deal with the series ' overarching alien colonization mythology .

neg: Bob Delegall Robert W. `` Bob '' Delegall ( July 24 , 1945 -- March 21 , 2006 ) was an American actor , television director and producer . He has guest starred in number of notable television series namely Adam-12 , Good Times , The Six Million Dollar Man , Knots Landing and among other series .

neg: Excellence in Broadcasting `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' is the second episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It originally aired on Fox in the United States on October 3 , 2010 . The episode features anthropomorphic dog Brian , an adamant liberal , confronting conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh at a book signing in Quahog , and ultimately having a political change of heart when Limbaugh convinces him to read his latest book . Brian eventually decides to become a devoted member of the Republican Party , and soon begins criticizing liberals . This leads Brian to become roommates with Limbaugh , and begins following him everywhere , before Limbaugh convinces Brian of his true political convictions .   The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by John Holmquist . It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references , in addition to receiving both praise and criticism from conservative news outlets . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.94 million homes in its original airing . As well as Limbaugh , the episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole , Christine Lakin , Phil LaMarr , Shelley Long , Nana Visitor and Rainn Wilson , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' was released on DVD along with three other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .

neg: John Amos John A. Amos , Jr. ( born December 27 , 1939 ) is an American actor who is best known for his role as James Evans , Sr. on the CBS television series Good Times ( 1974 -- 76 ) . Amos ' other television work includes roles in The Mary Tyler Moore Show , the miniseries Roots , for which he received an Emmy nomination , and a recurring role as Admiral Percy Fitzwallace on The West Wing . Amos also played the father of Will Smith 's character 's girlfriend , Lisa Wilkes , in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , and he had a recurring role on In the House with LL Cool J , as Coach Sam Wilson . Amos played the Father of Tommy Strawn ( Thomas Mikal Ford ) on the long running sitcom , Martin , as Sgt. Strawn , and another recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Chelsea 's dad 's new lover . Amos also played Major Grant , the US Special forces officer in Die Hard 2 . Amos has also appeared on Broadway and in numerous films in a career that spans four decades . He has received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and NAACP Image Award .


query: Machine Gun Kelly (rapper)'s album did not receive a positive response from critics.

pos: Machine Gun Kelly (rapper) Colson Baker ( born April 22 , 1990 ) , better known by his stage names MGK and Machine Gun Kelly , is an American rapper and actor , from Cleveland , Ohio . MGK embarked on a musical career as a teenager , releasing a mixtape in 2006 . He would then go on to release four further mixtapes .   MGK then secured a recording contract with Bad Boy and Interscope Records in 2011 . His major label debut album , Lace Up , was released in October 2012 to positive response from critics . The record contained the singles `` Wild Boy '' , `` Invincible '' , `` Stereo '' , and `` Hold On ( Shut Up ) '' , and debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart ; it was later confirmed to have sold more than 178,000 copies . In early 2015 , he released the singles `` Till I Die '' and `` A Little More '' for his second studio album , General Admission , which released in October 2015 , and also debuted at number four in the US . The album incorporated darker tones , rap rock , R&B , and storytelling .   MGK has also appeared in various films , starring in Beyond the Lights , as Kid Culprit . He would then star in Roadies as Wesley ( a.k.a. Wes ) , before being cast in lead roles in Viral , Punk 's Dead : SLC Punk 2 and Nerve .

neg: J. Cole discography American hip hop recording artist J. Cole has released four studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two extended plays , three mixtapes , sixteen singles ( including nine as a featured artist ) , two promotional singles and twenty music videos . J. Cole first took up rapping in his teens , collaborating with the local Fayetteville hip hop duo Bomm Sheltuh . The Come Up , his debut mixtape , was released on May 4 , 2007 to positive reception . Following the release of The Come Up , J. Cole was contacted by American rapper Jay Z and subsequently signed to his record label Roc Nation . Cole released his second mixtape The Warm Up on June 15 , 2009 . `` Lights Please '' , the first single from The Warm Up , peaked at number nine on the United States Billboard Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles chart and became Cole 's first entry on a national record chart . He was later featured on `` All I Want Is You '' , a 2010 single by American R&B singer Miguel -- it peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . J. Cole 's third mixtape Friday Night Lights was released on November 12 , 2010 .   J. Cole released his debut studio album Cole World : The Sideline Story on September 27 , 2011 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 218,000 copies . The album 's lead single `` Work Out '' peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts . Cole World : The Sideline Story was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , while `` Work Out '' was certified two times platinum . Two more singles were released from the album : `` Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Nobody 's Perfect '' , which peaked at numbers 52 and 61 respectively on the Hot 100 . J. Cole 's second studio album Born Sinner was released on June 18 , 2013 . Its lead single , `` Power Trip '' , peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA . On December 9 , 2014 , he released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive . The album was supported by four singles : `` Apparently '' , `` Wet Dreamz '' , `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Love Yourz '' . The album also went on to sell 353,000 copies in its first week , and became the first rap album in 25 years to be certified platinum in the US with no guest appearances . The songs `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Wet Dreamz '' later received a platinum certification from the RIAA . In addition to his fourth album , Cole released three singles in 2016 : `` Love Yourz '' , `` Everybody Dies '' , and `` False Prophets '' . His album 4 Your Eyez Only was released on the second anniversary of 2014 Forest Hill Drive . 4 Your Eyez Only was certified gold before it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , despite having no singles upon release . `` Deja Vu '' was later given a single release after peaking at number 7 on the Hot 100 .

neg: Blood Money (Mobb Deep album) Blood Money is the seventh studio album by hip-hop duo Mobb Deep , released on May 2 , 2006 . It is the group 's first and only album on G-Unit & Interscope Records . It features guest appearances by several G-Unit artists , including G-Unit members 50 Cent , Lloyd Banks , Tony Yayo , Young Buck and affiliate Nyce . The album also features artists such as Mary J. Blige and Nate Dogg . Blood Money is the first Mobb Deep studio album to not feature rapper Big Noyd .

neg: 50 Cent discography American rapper 50 Cent has released five studio albums , ten mixtapes , two video albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , 76 singles ( including 26 as a featured artist ) , and 88 music videos . As of July 2014 , he is the sixth best-selling hip-hop artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era with 16,786,000 albums sold in the US . 50 Cent signed to Shady Records in 2002 and released his debut studio album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , on February 6 , 2003 . The album peaked at number one in the US Billboard 200 and performed well in international markets . It features the number-one singles `` In da Club '' and `` 21 Questions '' and also includes the singles `` P.I.M.P. '' and `` If I Ca n't '' . 50 Cent collaborated with American rapper Lil ' Kim on `` Magic Stick '' , which peaked at number two in the US .   In 2005 , he released his second studio album , The Massacre . The album charted at number one in the US , as well as reaching the top ten on many album charts worldwide , and sold 4.83 million copies in the United States in 2005 , the second highest sales count by any album that year . The Massacre includes the US top-three hits `` Disco Inferno '' and `` Just a Lil Bit '' , and the US number-one hit `` Candy Shop '' , which peaked in the top ten of many charts worldwide . A reissue of The Massacre produced the single `` Outta Control '' , which peaked at number six in the US . In November 2005 , 50 Cent starred in the movie Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , and recorded four singles for the film 's soundtrack : the international hits `` Hustler 's Ambition '' and `` Window Shopper '' , and also `` Best Friend '' and `` I 'll Whip Ya Head Boy '' .   In 2007 , 50 Cent 's third studio album , Curtis , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , behind Kanye West 's album Graduation , after a much-hyped sales competition between the albums . Five singles were released from the album , including international hit `` Ayo Technology '' and Billboard hits `` Straight to the Bank '' , `` Amusement Park '' , `` I Get Money '' and `` I 'll Still Kill '' . In 2009 , he released his fourth studio album , Before I Self Destruct . Music critics described the album as a return to the darker , more intense style of music that 50 Cent exhibited on many of his early mixtapes . The album charted at number five on the Billboard 200 and peaked in the top twenty of several album charts worldwide . The album features two singles : the international hit `` Baby by Me '' , which peaked at number twenty-eight in the US , and `` Do You Think About Me '' .   In June 2014 , 50 Cent released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition . All of the songs on the standard edition of the album were released as singles prior to the album being delivered to the public . His upcoming sixth studio album , titled Street King Immortal , was preceded by the release of the non-album song `` Outlaw '' , which peaked at number eighty-seven in both the US and Canada , and a free download album -- 5 ( Murder by Numbers ) -- on July 6 , 2012 . Four singles were released in promotion for Street King Immortal : `` New Day '' , `` My Life '' , which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart , `` Major Distribution '' , and `` We Up '' , but the songs were scrapped and the album is now set to be released in 2016 .

neg: 400 Degreez 400 Degreez is the 3rd studio album by Magnolia Projects , New Orleans , Louisiana-based rapper Juvenile . The album was released on November 3 , 1998 , on Cash Money Records . It remains Juvenile 's best-selling album of his solo career and currently the best-selling album ever released on Cash Money Records along with Drake 's Views ( album ) . The album was certified 4x Platinum by the RIAA , on December 19 , 1999 .   Two singles , `` Ha '' and `` Back That Azz Up '' became hip hop hits in the United States . `` Back That Azz Up '' peaked at # 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart along with `` Ha '' which peaked at # 68 on the hot 100 music chart . The album peaked at # 2 on Billboard 's Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums music chart and at # 9 on the Billboard 200 music chart in 1999 . It also went to claim the # 1 position on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart on the Billboard Year-End chart for 1999 . As a single , `` Back That Azz Up '' was released , credited , and charted as the more censored `` Back That Thang Up '' . Also the album features a bonus remix of the single `` Ha '' with New York rapper Jay-Z , the only guest appearance outside of Cash Money and the 1st time Ca $ h Money collaborated with an east coast rapper on a song . As of 2013 , 400 Degreez has sold well over 5 million copies worldwide . The album won R&B Album Of The Year at the 1999 Billboard Music Awards .

neg: Mama's Gun Mama 's Gun is the second studio album by American neo soul singer Erykah Badu . It was recorded between 1999 and 2000 at Electric Lady Studios in New York and released on November 21 , 2000 , by Motown Records . A neo soul album , Mama 's Gun incorporates funk , soul , and jazz styles . It has confessional lyrics by Badu , which cover themes of insecurity , social issues and personal relationships . The album has been viewed by critics as a female companion to neo soul artist D'Angelo 's second album Voodoo ( 2000 ) , which features a similar musical style and direction . Critics have also noted that while Baduizm contained its share of cryptic lyricism , Mama 's Gun is much more direct in its approach , and places the artist in a subjective position more than its predecessor .   The album contains the single `` Bag Lady '' , Badu 's first top 10 Billboard hit , which was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and for Best R&B Song . The song `` Did n't Cha Know ? '' was also nominated for Best R&B Song . The album features substantial contributions from several members of the Soulquarians outfit , of which Badu was a member . It also features guests such as soul singer Betty Wright and trumpeter Roy Hargrove . Mama 's Gun was met with great critical success and sold strongly , reaching Platinum two months after its release . Thematically the album explores topics regarding self-esteem , relationship breakdowns , and police brutality , and features a more eclectic sound than its predecessor . Rolling Stone magazine named it one of the Top 10 Albums of 2000 .

neg: Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more .   The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .

neg: ColleGrove ColleGrove is the third studio album by American hip hop recording artist 2 Chainz . It was released on March 4 , 2016 , by Def Jam Recordings . The album is the debut LP between 2 Chainz and fellow American rapper Lil Wayne under the stage name ColleGrove , but due to Wayne 's ongoing lawsuit with Cash Money Records , only 2 Chainz was credited as the primary artist . The album includes production from several high-profile record producers ; including Mike Will Made It , TM88 , Infamous , Zaytoven , Lil ' C , Metro Boomin , Ben Billions and London on da Track , among others . ColleGrove received generally positive reviews from critics and it debuted at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 . Complex awarded it the 29th best album of 2016 .

neg: Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps .   The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work .   Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .

neg: Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s .   Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it .   The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .

neg: Busta Rhymes Trevor George Smith Jr. ( born May 20 , 1972 ) , better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes , is an American rapper , actor , record producer and record executive . Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes , after NFL wide receiver George `` Buster '' Rhymes . He is widely known for his outlandish style and fashion sense depicted in several highly innovative music videos as well as his intricate rhyming technique , rapping at a high rate of speed with heavy use of internal rhyme and half rhyme , and to date has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his musical work .   About.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time ( 1987 -- 2007 ) , while Steve Huey of AllMusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the 1990s . In 2012 , The Source placed him on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time . MTV has called him `` one of hip-hop 's greatest visual artists . ''   Busta Rhymes was an original member of Leaders of the New School . He later went on and founded the record label Conglomerate ( initially Flipmode Entertainment ) and production crew The Conglomerate ( formerly Flipmode Squad ) . In November 2011 , Busta Rhymes signed a deal with Cash Money Records . On July 23 , 2014 , Busta Rhymes announced that he left Cash Money Records due to creative differences and was no longer on Republic . In 2016 Rhymes signed with Epic for his upcoming album due to be released in early 2017 .   He has so far released nine studio albums , with the first being the 1996 platinum-selling album The Coming . His list of hit singles include `` Woo Hah !! Got You All in Check '' , `` Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See '' , `` Dangerous '' , `` Turn It Up ( Remix ) / Fire It Up '' , `` Gim me Some More '' , `` What 's It Gon na Be ?! '' , `` Pass the Courvoisier , Part II '' , `` I Know What You Want '' and `` Touch It '' , among several others .

neg: Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad   The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .

neg: Da Bomb (album) Da Bomb was the second studio album by the hip-hop duo Kris Kross , released a year after their first album Totally Krossed Out . The group tried a hardcore/gangsta look to fit with the new style of hip-hop . The album was not as successful as Totally Krossed Out , as many fans were not impressed with the new look and style and the use of the word `` nigga '' ( though they had used it on their first album ) and reviews were mixed . The line `` I drop bombs like Hiroshima '' from `` Da Bomb '' was edited out of the album 's Japanese release . Despite some negative reviews the album was certified platinum in the US , selling 1.1 million copies , and a total of 4 million copies worldwide . Three singles were released , `` Alright '' , `` I 'm Real '' and `` Da Bomb '' .

neg: The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics .   The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .

neg: Street Hop Street Hop is the fourth studio album by the American rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' , released in the United States on October 20 , 2009 , on One Records . It is the follow-up to his previous album Independent 's Day ( 2005 ) . At the release of Success Is Certain ( August 9 , 2011 ) , Street Hop sold approximately 24,000 units in the United States via HitsDailyDouble .

neg: Blank Face LP Blank Face LP is the fourth studio album by American rapper Schoolboy Q . It was released on July 8 , 2016 , by Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) , in conjunction with Interscope Records . The album serves as his second release under a major record label to music retailers , following 2014 's Oxymoron . The album features guest appearances from several prominent artists , such as Kanye West , Jadakiss , Tha Dogg Pound and Miguel , among others .   The production was handled by various high-profile record producers , including Swizz Beatz , Metro Boomin and Southside , as well as frequent collaborators Nez & Rio , The Alchemist , DJ Dahi and members of TDE in-house production team , Digi + Phonics . Blank Face LP was preceded by a series of short films , which also served as respective corresponding music videos . To further promote the album Schoolboy Q embarked on a concert tour called the Groovy Tony Pit Stops . The album was supported by two singles , `` Groovy Tony '' and `` THat Part '' , the latter of which became Schoolboy Q 's second solo Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart .   Blank Face LP received widespread acclaim from critics and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . It also debuted at number one on Billboards Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart . The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album , while `` THat Part '' received the nomination for Best Rap Performance .

neg: Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego .   One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .

neg: T-Pain discography The discography of T-Pain , an American R&B singer , songwriter record producer and rapper , consists of four studio albums , forty-two singles ( as lead artist , and featured artist ) , five mixtapes , and thirty-six music videos .   On December 6 , 2005 , his debut studio album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , is where it first appeared on the charts , when it debuted at number 33 on the US Billboard 200 . Both singles , `` I 'm Sprung '' and `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , peaked in the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 . After that , he collaborated with fellow rapper E-40 , along with an singer Kandi Burruss on the single `` U and Dat '' , which it peaked at number 13 in the United States . In 2007 , his second album , titled Epiphany ( 2007 ) , which debuted at number 1 in the United States . The lead single `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , peaked at number one in the United States , the follow-up single `` Bartender '' which peaked at number 5 , and the album 's third single `` Church '' . During 2007 , T-Pain made several guest appearances on songs by other performing artists , the most commercially successful of these being `` Low '' by Flo Rida , which peaked at number one in the United States , and on several national singles charts worldwide .   In November 2008 , T-Pain released his third studio album , Three Ringz , debuted at number 4 in the United States , and its consists by all 3 singles -- `` Chopped 'n' Skrewed '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' and `` Freeze '' . In 2008 , T-Pain appeared on several other singles by other performing artists , including `` Got Money '' by Lil Wayne , `` The Boss by Rick Ross and `` One More Drink '' by Ludacris , among several others . T-Pain 's fourth studio album , Revolver , was released in December 2011 . The album has been preceded by the release of the promotional singles `` Take Your Shirt Off '' , `` Reverse Cowgirl '' and `` Rap Song '' , as well as the single `` Booty Wurk ( One Cheek at a Time ) '' , which attained mixed success on worldwide charts . On May 4 , 2011 , T-Pain released a mixtape , PrEVOLVEr , in promotion of the album . The first official single from Revolver was `` Best Love Song '' , which features Chris Brown . The album 's second single was `` 5 O'Clock '' , which features Wiz Khalifa and Lily Allen . The album 's third single was `` Turn All the Lights On '' , which features Ne-Yo .

neg: Midnight Machine Gun Rhymes and Alibis Midnight Machine Gun Rhymes and Alibis is the tenth album by rapper , Andre Nickatina , released in conjunction with rapper Equipto . It was released on March 22 , 2002 for Fillmoe Coleman Records and was produced by various producers which included Andre Nickatina , Equipto , Nick Peace , Crush , Little J , DJ Soleil , Prince Marvelous and Laird . This was the first of four collaborations between Andre Nickatina and Equipto .

neg: Pretty Hate Machine Pretty Hate Machine is the debut studio album by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails , released on October 20 , 1989 by TVT Records in the United States , Island Records in Europe and by Interscope Records and Atlantic Records internationally . The album is compiled of reworked tracks from the band 's Purest Feeling demo , as well as songs composed after its original recording . Although it was critically and commercially successful ( especially for an independent label ) , Trent Reznor ( Nine Inch Nails ' only constant band member ) feuded with TVT Records during the album 's promotion . Slant Magazine placed the album at number 50 on its list of the `` Best Albums of the 1980s '' , commenting , `` before attempting suicide in The Downward Spiral and living with the wrist scars in The Fragile , Pretty Hate Machine sent out sleek , danceable warning shots '' .   Three singles were released from the album , the most successful being its opening track `` Head Like a Hole '' , which has become a staple of Nine Inch Nails live performances . Pretty Hate Machine became one of the first independently released albums to attain a platinum certification , with the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) certifying the album triple platinum on May 12 , 2003 , indicating sales surpassing three million copies in the United States . The album went out of print in 1997 because of the much publicized disagreement between Reznor and TVT . Rykodisc re-released the album worldwide in 2005 , effectively putting it back into print . A remastered version with updated artwork was released on November 22 , 2010 .

neg: Love Us or Hate Us Love Us or Hate Us is the fourth album released by rap group , Dirty . It was released on September 30 , 2003 through Rap-a-Lot Records and featured production from Dirty , Mike Jackson and R. Kelly . The album peaked at # 160 on the Billboard 200 and # 22 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and was the duo 's first album to be distributed by Rap-a-Lot Records .