query: South America was colonized by various European powers.

pos: South America South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere , mostly in the southern hemisphere , with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere . It may also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas , which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages . The reference to South America instead of other regions ( like Latin America or the Southern Cone ) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics ( in particular , the rise of Brazil ) .   It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean ; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest . It includes twelve sovereign states ( Argentina , Bolivia , Brazil , Chile , Colombia , Ecuador , Guyana , Paraguay , Peru , Suriname , Uruguay , and Venezuela ) , a part of France ( French Guiana ) , and a non-sovereign area ( the Falkland Islands , a British Overseas Territory though this is disputed by Argentina ) . In addition to this , the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , Trinidad and Tobago , and Panama may also be considered part of South America .   South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers ( 6,890,000 sq mi ) . Its population has been estimated at more than 371,090,000 . South America ranks fourth in area ( after Asia , Africa , and North America ) and fifth in population ( after Asia , Africa , Europe , and North America ) . Brazil is by far the most populous South American country , with more than half of the continent 's population , followed by Colombia , Argentina , Venezuela and Peru . In recent decades Brazil has also concentrated half of the region 's GDP and has become a first regional power .   Most of the population lives near the continent 's western or eastern coasts while the interior and the far south are sparsely populated . The geography of western South America is dominated by the Andes mountains ; in contrast , the eastern part contains both highland regions and large lowlands where rivers such as the Amazon , Orinoco , and Paraná flow . Most of the continent lies in the tropics .   The continent 's cultural and ethnic outlook has its origin with the interaction of indigenous peoples with European conquerors and immigrants and , more locally , with African slaves . Given a long history of colonialism , the overwhelming majority of South Americans speak Portuguese or Spanish , and societies and states commonly reflect Western traditions .

neg: Triangular trade Triangular trade or triangle trade is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions . Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come . Triangular trade thus provides a method for rectifying trade imbalances between the above regions .   Historically the particular routes were also shaped by the powerful influence of winds and currents during the age of sail . For example , from the main trading nations of Western Europe it was much easier to sail westwards after first going south of 30 N latitude and reaching the so-called `` trade winds '' ; thus arriving in the Caribbean rather than going straight west to the North American mainland . Returning from North America , it is easiest to follow the Gulf Stream in a northeasterly direction using the westerlies . A similar triangle to this , called the volta do mar was already being used by the Portuguese , before Christopher Columbus ' voyage , to sail to the Canary Islands and the Azores . Columbus simply expanded the triangle outwards , and his route became the main way for Europeans to reach , and return from , the Americas .

neg: Ilha de Vera Cruz Ilha de Vera Cruz ( -LSB- ˈiʎɐ dɨ ˈvɛɾɐ kɾuʃ -RSB- ) ( Portuguese for Island of the True Cross ) was the first name given by the Portuguese navigators to the newly discovered land on the northeast coast of what later became known as Brazil . The name was later changed to Terra de Santa Cruz ( Land of the Holy Cross ) .   When the discoverers , under Pedro Álvares Cabral , first officially touched land in South America on April 22 , 1500 , they thought they had found an island , as reflected in the chosen name . They took possession for the Kingdom of Portugal of what was believed to be an island of strategic importance on a western connection between Portugal and the Moluccas and other islands of the East Indies . This was the beginning of the Portuguese colonies in South America . The name was changed to Terra de Santa Cruz when it was realized that it was not an island , but in fact part of a continent .   In 1534 , the colonies of Terra de Santa Cruz became the Captaincies of Brazil , land grants to Portuguese captains General by King John III of Portugal .   Category : Colonial Brazil  Category : Exploration of South America  Category : Portuguese colonization of the Americas

neg: War of the Vicuñas and Basques The War of the Vicuñas and Basques ( Guerra de Vicuñas y Vascongados ) , or sometimes just Vicuña War , was an armed conflict in Alto Perú , present-day Bolivia , that lasted between June 1622 and March 1625 , fought between Basques and `` Vicuñas '' ( an informal term for non-Basque Spaniards in Alto Perú , a name obtained through the habit of wearing hats made of vicuña skins ) .   Competition over the control of the silver mines in Potosí , Lípez and Chichas surged in the early 17th century , pitting Basques and Vicuñas against each other . The Vicuñas had initially employed legal and political measures attempting to block the Basque attempts to monopolize control over the Cabildo ( municipal government ) of Potosí and the silver mining sector . However , these efforts did not yield results . Violent incidents began in 1615 , and escalated in 1622 following the assassination of a Basque of a street in Potosí .   The Vicuñas were led by Antonio Xeldres . The creole , Mestizo and indigenous populations largely sided with the Vicuñas . The Vicuñas themselves were not always unified , though , as they suffered from internal feuds between Andalusians on one hand and New Castillians and Extremadurans on the other ( the former group eventually withdrew from the rebellion ) .   The war pitted different sectors of the viceregal administration against each other , as some supported the Basque claims for hegemony whilst others had a conciliatory approach to the Vicuña rebels . Personalities involved in the conflict included the president and oidores of the Royal Audiencia of Charcas , treasury officials and the corregidor of Potosí and the visitador ( sent to the area in order to audit fiscal accounts ) .   The Vicuña rebels had killed 64 men by March 1624 . However , the Basque control over the city and the mines had not been broken . Basque leaders pleaded to the King of Spain , Philip IV , to intervene . The King in return ordered the Viceroy of Peru to act decisively against the Vicuñas . Between 1624 and 1625 , the viceregal authorities managed to capture several key Vicuña leaders , executing forty of them .   The war would last for three years . The war did not end in any decisive victory for any side , but rather as a result of mutual exhaustion . An agreement to end hostilities was reached . The marriage between the children of two of the leaders of the opposing camps , the son of the Basque leader Francisco Oyanume and the daughter of the Vicuña general Castillo , was part of the settlement of the conflict . In April 1625 , a royal decree was issued , pardoning all Vicuñas fighters except those having committed blood crimes . Some Vicuñas continued acts of banditry in the following years , but without the ethnic or political overtones as during the war with the Basques . Basque-Vicuña rivalry did , however , continue for a century .   On March 15 , 1626 , the ingenios of Potosí were destroyed by massive flooding . This event was interpreted as a divine punishment for the past violences .   Later histiography has sought to emphasize the socio-economic contradictions as catalysts for the war , framing it as class warfare .

neg: Alonso Vélez de Mendoza Commander Alonso Vélez de Mendoza of the Order of Santiago was born in Moguer , Spain in the late 15th century . On June 6 , 1499 , he obtained a license from the Catholic Monarchs to sail to the Indies , which authorized him to take four caravels , although ultimately he only chartered two . They were supposed to head north to start the exploration of the coast of North America , or perhaps to enter into the competition of the Brazilian exploration .   By October 1500 , they successfully passed south of Cape St. Augustine , which was the first time that a Spanish ship succeeded . He continued descending until he reached a river called Cervutos . Later it was realized his discoveries had a double consequence .   On one hand , he demonstrated that the end of St. Augustine was not an island but actually belonged to a continent and that , on having extended on the south , it was entering the Portuguese jurisdiction .  However , having sailed towards the south , and to verify that the coast was going towards the south-west , it was discovered that the grounds were again inside the Spanish demarcation ( district ) opening a wide horizon of opportunities for exploration .   In May 1501 , they finally returned to Seville , Spain with Brazilian slaves , although without finding the southern tip of the continent which they had expected to be at the same latitude as the Cape of Good Hope   On February 15 , 1502 , Alonso Vélez de Mendoza earned a capitulation which allowed him to settle in Hispaniola with fifty settlers and their families , in order to create a new population . There was a fleet of thirty other ships carrying 2,500 colonists that arrived in Hispaniola the same year . This included the arrival of Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres , the new Spanish Governor of Hispaniola , along with the conquistador Francisco Pizzaro . It is believed that Alonso died at the end of 1511 .

neg: Timeline of the European colonization of North America This is a chronology and timeline of the colonization of North America , with founding dates of selected European settlements . See also European colonization of the Americas .

neg: Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands .   The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard .   The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) .   The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .

neg: Castilians Castilians ( Spanish : castellanos ) are certain inhabitants in regions of central Spain including at least the eastern part of Castile and León , the northern and eastern parts of Castile-La Mancha , and the Madrid community , who are the source of the Spanish language ( Castilian ) among other aspects of cultural identity . However , not all people in the regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile think of themselves as Castilian . For this reason , the exact limits of what Castile is today are disputed . As an ethnicity , they are most commonly associated with the sparsely populated inner plateau of the Iberian peninsula , which is split in two by the Sistema Central mountain range and Northern or `` Old Castile '' from southern or `` New Castile '' , the latter being somewhat closer in terms of culture and dialect to southern regions of Spain such as Andalusia , Extremadura and Murcia .   Through the Reconquista and other conquests in the Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Castile ( later Crown of Castile ) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula , especially towards the southern Spanish regions . After this , since the 15th century , through the Spanish colonization of the Americas , the Castilians also spread over the New World , bringing with them not only their language , but also elements of their culture and traditions .

neg: Name of Brazil The name Brazil is a shortened from of Terra do Brasil , land of Brazil , a reference to brazilwood , given in the early 16th century to the territories leased to the merchant consortium led by Fernão de Loronha for commercial exploitation of brazilwood for the production of wood dyes for the European textile industry .   The term for the brazilwood tree in Portuguese , pau-brasil , is derived from brasa ( ember ) , a reference to the colour , formed from medieval Latin brasa , from Old French brese , `` ember , glowing charcoal '' , in turn from a West Germanic * brasa ) .

neg: History of America History of America may refer to :  The History of the United States  The History of the Americas  The European colonization of the Americas

neg: Quechua people The Quechua people are the indigenous peoples of South America who speak any of the Quechua languages . Most Quechua speakers live in Peru , Ecuador , Bolivia , Argentina , Chile and Colombia .   The most common Quechua dialect is Southern Quechua . The Kichwa people of Ecuador speak the Kichwa dialect ; in Colombia , the Inga people speak Inga Kichwa .   The Quechua word for a Quechua speaker is runa or nuna ( `` person '' ) ; the plural is runakuna or nunakuna ( `` people '' ) .   Some historical Quechua peoples are :  The Chanka people , who lived in the Huancavelica , Ayacucho , and Apurímac regions of Peru .  The Huanca people of the Junín Region of Peru , who spoke Quechua before the Incas did .  The Inca , who established the largest empire of the pre-Columbian era .  The Cañari of Ecuador , who adopted the Quechua language from the Inca .  The Chincha , an extinct merchant kingdom of the Ica Region of Peru .

neg: Paulistas Paulistas are the inhabitants of the state of São Paulo , Brazil , and of its antecessor the Capitaincy of São Vicente , whose capital early shifted from the village of São Vicente to the one of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga .   The early population of São Paulo consisted mainly of indigenous Amerindian with few Portuguese settlers . The Portuguese settlements were small .   As the Bandeirantes gained power and the vice-kingdom of Brazil developed , the Portuguese element predominated in the population , the Indians being either absorbed or killed . But the province of São Paulo , enlarged by the Bandeiras to include Mato Grosso , Goiás , Paraná and Santa Catarina , remained undeveloped , having neither the gold of Minas Gerais nor the sugar cane of Pernambuco . As a consequence , it did not receive the same influx of black slaves during the 16th and 17th centuries as the more prosperous provinces of Brazil . Nevertheless , the number of black slaves increased substantially in São Paulo during the Brazilian Empire , as the slave traffic reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century . After the abolition of the international slave trade in 1850 , many more slaves were transferred from declining regions of Brazil ( such as the Northeast ) to work in coffee plantations .   The economic development of São Paulo only really took off with the founding of coffee plantations in the nineteenth century . Those coffee plantations were manned , from the beginning , by slaves , and remained so during most of the 19th century . Not even the abolition of the transatlantic trade changed this , with the coffee barons resorting to the import of slaves from the Northeastern and Southern regions . Both the coffee planters and the Brazilian government , however , were aware that the abolition of slavery could be postponed but not avoided at all ; as a result , a few experiments in immigration were tried during this period , and some ideas were discussed , including the immigration of Chinese workers . Only in the 1880s , however , did immigration start in earnest .   From then on , immigration was the solution adopted to what was seen as a labour shortage , and Italian and Spanish immigrants made the bulk of the workers brought to coffee plantations ; the reasons why ex-slaves were not employed , or were only marginally employed , are unclear and subject to debate . Much is made of a supposed `` whitening '' ideology , or even `` program '' , but the cold fact is that , when faced with the impossibility of obtaining European manpower , the coffee barons had no qualms about resorting to Japanese immigrants . A curious fact from this period was the immigration of US Southerners moving from a country where slavery had been abolished to one where it still existed . Of course , those were not manual workers and did n't come to work in coffee plantations .   The wealth produced by coffee culture eventually sparked urbanisation and industrialisation ; the growing urban environment attracted even more immigrants , especially Armenians and other Europeans , Syrians and Lebanese . Later , as the foreign immigration declined , a strong chain of internal migration from the Brazilian Northeast developed .

neg: São Paulo (state) São Paulo ( -LSB- sɐ̃w ˈpawlu -RSB- ) is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus . As the richest Brazilian state and a major industrial complex , often dubbed the `` locomotive of Brazil '' , the state alone is responsible for 33.9 % of the Brazilian GDP . São Paulo also has the second highest Human Development Index ( HDI ) and GDP per capita , the fourth lowest infant mortality rate and the third lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil . São Paulo alone is richer than Argentina , Uruguay , Paraguay and Bolivia combined . If São Paulo were an independent country , its nominal GDP would be ranked among the top 20 in the world ( 2010 estimate ) . The economy of São Paulo State is the most developed in Brazil   With more than 45 million inhabitants in 2014 , São Paulo is the most populous Brazilian state , the most populous national subdivision in the Americas , and the third most populous political unit of South America , surpassed only by the rest of the Brazilian Federation and Colombia . The local population is one of the most diverse in the country and descended mostly from Italians , who began immigrating to the country in the late 19th century ; of the Portuguese , who colonized Brazil and installed the first European settlements in the region ; indigenous peoples , a large number of distinct ethnic groups ; Africans , who were brought from Africa as slaves in the colonial era and migrants from other regions of the country . In addition , Arabs , Germans , Spanish , Japanese and Chinese also are present in the ethnic composition of the local population .   The area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 B.C. . In the early 16th century , the coast of the region was visited by Portuguese and Spanish explorers and navigators . In 1532 Martim Afonso de Sousa would establish the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas -- the village of São Vicente , in the Baixada Santista . In the 17th century , the paulistas bandeirantes intensified the exploration of the interior of the colony , which eventually expanded the territorial domain of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire in South America . In the 18th century , after the establishment of the Province of São Paulo , the region began to gain political weight . After independence in 1820 , São Paulo began to become a major agricultural producer ( mainly coffee ) in the newly constituted Empire of Brazil , which ultimately created a rich regional rural oligarchy , which would switch on the command of the Brazilian government with Minas Gerais 's elites during the early republican periodin the 1880s . Under the Vargas Era , the state was one of the first to initiate a process of industrialization and its population became one of the most urban of the federation .   The city of São Paulo , the homonymous state capital , is ranked as the world 's 12th largest city and its metropolitan area , with 20 million inhabitants , is the 9th largest in the world and second in the Americas , after Greater Mexico City . Regions near the city of São Paulo are also metropolitan areas , such as Campinas , Santos , Sorocaba and São José dos Campos . The total population of these areas coupled with the state capital -- the so-called `` Expanded Metropolitan Complex of São Paulo '' -- exceeds 30 million inhabitants , i.e. approximately 75 percent of the population of São Paulo statewide , the first macro-metropolis in the southern hemisphere , joining 65 municipalities that together are home to 12 percent of the Brazilian population .

neg: Territorial evolution of the Caribbean This is a timeline of the territorial evolution of the Caribbean and nearby areas of North , Central , and South America , listing each change to the internal and external borders of the various countries that make up the region .   The region covered is the Caribbean , its islands ( most of which enclose the sea ) , and the surrounding coasts , as well as the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico , Florida , Central America , and the northern region of South America .   The political evolution of the land surrounding the Caribbean reveals the significant role the region played in the colonial struggles of the European powers since Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492 . In the 20th century the Caribbean was again important during World War II , in the decolonization wave in the post-war period , and in the tension between Communist Cuba and the United States ( U.S. ) . Genocide , slavery , immigration and rivalry between world powers have given Caribbean history an impact disproportionate to the size of this small region .   At the time of the European discovery of most of the islands of the Caribbean , three major Amerindian indigenous peoples lived on the islands : the Taíno in the Greater Antilles , The Bahamas and the Leeward Islands ; the Island Caribs and Galibi in the Windward Islands ; and the Ciboney in western Cuba . The Taínos are subdivided into Classic Taínos , who occupied Hispaniola and Puerto Rico , Western Taínos , who occupied Cuba , Jamaica , and the Bahamian archipelago , and the Eastern Taínos , who occupied the Leeward Islands . Trinidad was inhabited by both Carib speaking and Arawak-speaking groups .

neg: Colonial Argentina Colonial Argentina is designated as the period of the History of Argentina when it was an overseas colony of the Spanish Empire . It begins in the precolumbian age of the indigenous peoples of Argentina , with the arrival of the first Spanish conqueror .

neg: Culture of Peru The culture of Peru was made by the relationship between European and Ameridian cultures.The ethnic diversity and rugged geography of Peru allowed diverse traditions and customs to co-exist . The coastal , European influenced Peru has passed through various intellectual stages - from colonial Hispanic culture to European Romanticism after independence . The early 20th century brought `` indigenismo '' , expressed in a new awareness of Indian culture . Since World War II , Peruvian writers , artists , and intellectuals such as César Vallejo and José María Arguedas have participated in worldwide intellectual and artistic movements .

neg: French Guiana French Guiana ( pronounced -LSB- giːˈɑːnə -RSB- or -LSB- giːˈænə -RSB- , Guyane française -LSB- ɡɥijan fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , officially called Guiana ( Guyane ) , is an overseas department and region of France , located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas . It borders Brazil to the east and south , and Suriname to the west . Its 83,534 km2 area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km2 , with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne , its capital . By land area , it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union .   Both the region and the department have been ruled since December 2015 by a single assembly within the framework of a new territorial collectivity , the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity ( French : collectivité territoriale de Guyane ) . This assembly , the French Guiana Assembly ( French : assemblée de Guyane ) , has replaced the former regional council and departmental council , which were both disbanded . The French Guiana Assembly is in charge of regional and departmental government . Its president is Rodolphe Alexandre .   The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans . The first French establishment is recorded in 1503 but the French presence did n't really become durable until 1643 and the foundation of Cayenne . Guiana then became a slave colony and saw its population increase until the official abolition of slavery at the time of the French revolution . Guiana temporarily became a French department in 1797 but was gradually transformed into a penal colony with the establishment of a network of camps and penitentiaries spread over the coast where prisoners were sentenced to forced labor . During World War II , the Guianan Félix Éboué was one of the first to stand behind General de Gaulle as early as June 18 , 1940 . Guiana officially rallied Free France in 1943 . It definitively abandoned its status as a colony and became again a French department in 1946 . De Gaulle , who became president , decided to establish the Guiana Space Center in 1965 . It is now operated by the CNES , Arianespace and the European Space Agency ( ESA ) . Several thousand Hmong refugees from Laos migrated to French Guiana in the late 1970s and early 1980s .   Nowadays fully integrated in the French central state , Guiana is a part of the European Union , and its official currency is the euro . The region is the most prosperous territory in South America with the highest GDP per capita . A large part of Guiana 's economy derives from the presence of the Guiana Space Centre , now the European Space Agency 's primary launch site near the equator . As elsewhere in France , the official language is French , but each ethnic community has its own language , of which Guianan Creole is the most widely spoken .

neg: List of governors of Portuguese India The government of Portuguese India started in 1505 , six years after the discovery of the sea route to India by Vasco da Gama , with the nomination of the first Viceroy Francisco de Almeida , then settled at Kochi . Until 1752 , the name `` India '' included all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean , from southern Africa to Southeast Asia , governed - either by a Viceroy or Governor - from its headquarters , established in Goa since 1510 . In 1752 Portuguese Mozambique got its own government and in 1844 the Portuguese Government of India stopped administering the territory of Portuguese Macau , Solor and Portuguese Timor , seeing itself thus confined to a reduced territorial entity in Malabar : Goa , Daman , Diu , Dadra and Nagar Haveli . Portuguese control ceased in the last two enclaves in 1954 , and finally ceased in the remaining three pockets in 1961 , when they were occupied by the Republic of India ( although Portugal only recognized the occupation after the Carnation Revolution in 1974 ) . This ended four and a half centuries of Portuguese rule in parts -- thought tiny -- of India .   It may be noted that during the term of the monarchy , the title of the head of the Portuguese government in India ranged from `` Governor '' to `` Viceroy '' . The title of viceroy would only be assigned to members of the nobility ; It was formally terminated in 1774 , although it has later been given sporadically to be decisively ended after 1835 ) , as shown below .

neg: Belgium Belgium ( -LSB- ˈbɛldʒəm -RSB- België -LSB- ˈbɛlɣijə -RSB- ; Belgique -LSB- bɛlʒik -RSB- ; Belgien -LSB- ˈbɛlɡi̯ən -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch-speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French-speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany .   Historically , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg ( along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany ) were known as the Low Countries ; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states . The region was called Belgica in Latin , after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica . From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century , the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture . From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830 , when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands , the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers , causing it to be dubbed the `` Battlefield of Europe , ''  a reputation strengthened by both world wars .   Today , Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . It is divided into three regions and three communities , that exist next to each other . Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia . The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) enclave within the Flemish Region .  A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia .  Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .   Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution  and , during the course of the 20th century , possessed a number of colonies in Africa . The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia . This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms , resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993 . Despite the reforms , tensions between the groups have remained , if not increased ; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish ; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities ; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election , a world record . Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and hosts the official seats of the European Commission , Council of the European Union , and European Council , as well as a seat of the European Parliament in the country 's capital , Brussels . Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone , NATO , OECD and WTO , and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union . Its capital , Brussels , hosts several of the EU 's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a member of , or affiliated to , many international organizations , including ACCT , AfDB , AsDB , Australia Group , Benelux , BIS , CCC , CE , CERN , EAPC , EBRD , EIB , EMU , ESA , EU , FAO , G-10 , IAEA , IBRD , ICAO , ICC , ICRM , IDA , IDB , IEA , IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO , ILO , IMF , IMO , IMSO , Intelsat , Interpol , IOC , IOM , ISO , ITU , MONUC ( observers ) , NATO , NEA , NSG , OAS ( observer ) , OECD , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN , UNCTAD , UNECE , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK , UNMOGIP , UNRWA , UNTSO , UPU , WADB ( non-regional ) , WEU , WHO , WIPO , WMO , WTrO , ZC . Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area . Belgium is a developed country , with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as `` very high '' in the Human Development Index .

neg: Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components .   The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' .   Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement .   When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations .  In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .

neg: Hispanismo Hispanismo or Hispanicism is an ideology , school of thought and historiographic current centered on Spanish heritage . In Hispanic America it is similar but opposite to indigenismo . The view of hispanismo holds that `` countries '' should not deny their cultural roots because in doing so they are denying themselves . In the case of Hispanic America these cultural roots are Spanish and indigenous . An important detail is that in hispanismo the Spanish roots are implicitly more important than the indigenous roots . Hispanismo consist of Hispanic American countries building upon their `` own heritage '' which would be the same as Spanish heritage .


query: Gregory Peck appeared in Spellbound.

pos: Gregory Peck Eldred Gregory Peck ( April 5 , 1916 -- June 12 , 2003 ) was an American actor who was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s . Peck continued to play major film roles until the late 1980s . His performance as Atticus Finch in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor . He had also been nominated for an Oscar for the same category for The Keys of the Kingdom ( 1944 ) , The Yearling ( 1946 ) , Gentleman 's Agreement ( 1947 ) and Twelve O'Clock High ( 1949 ) . Other notable films he appeared in include Spellbound ( 1945 ) , Roman Holiday ( 1953 ) , Moby Dick ( 1956 , and its 1998 miniseries ) , The Guns of Navarone ( 1961 ) , Cape Fear ( 1962 , and its 1991 remake ) , How the West Was Won ( 1962 ) , The Omen ( 1976 ) and The Boys from Brazil ( 1978 ) .   President Lyndon Johnson honored Peck with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 for his lifetime humanitarian efforts . In 1999 , the American Film Institute named Peck among Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema , ranking at No. 12 . He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1983 .

neg: Ranald MacDougall Ranald MacDougall ( March 10 , 1915 -- December 12 , 1973 ) was an American screenwriter who scripted such films as Mildred Pierce ( 1945 ) , The Unsuspected ( 1947 ) , June Bride ( 1948 ) , and The Naked Jungle ( 1954 ) , and shared screenwriting credit for 1963 's Cleopatra . He also directed a number of films , including 1957 's Man on Fire with Bing Crosby and 1959 's The World , the Flesh and the Devil , both of which featured actress Inger Stevens .   Born in Schenectady , New York , MacDougall came from an impoverished working-class family . His father was a crane operator and union organizer , whose frequent strikes forced MacDougall to leave school before finishing the eighth grade to help support the family . He held a variety of odd jobs and during the Great Depression found work as an usher at Radio City Music Hall .   He saw greater potential across the street in Rockefeller Center , where he was hired as a page , working alongside Gregory Peck . As a page MacDougall had the opportunity to closely observe the radio industry , and in his spare time he wrote and submitted scripts to his boss under pseudonyms , and was finally hired as a staff writer for NBC Radio despite being underage at the time .

neg: Gregory Walcott Gregory Walcott ( January 13 , 1928 -- March 20 , 2015 ) was an American television and film actor . Although he had roles in many successful Hollywood films and television series , he is perhaps best known for having appeared in the 1994 film Ed Wood and Wood 's cult classic Plan 9 from Outer Space from 1959 .

neg: The Mating Habits of the Earthbound Human The Mating Habits of the Earthbound Human is a 1999 American mockumentary directed and written by Jeff Abugov , and starring David Hyde Pierce , Carmen Electra , Lucy Liu , and Mackenzie Astin .

neg: The Prophecy The Prophecy is a 1995 American fantasy horror-thriller film starring Christopher Walken , Elias Koteas , Virginia Madsen , Eric Stoltz , and Viggo Mortensen . It was written and directed by Gregory Widen , and is the first motion picture of The Prophecy series including four sequels . The film tells the story of the Archangel Gabriel ( Walken ) and his search for an evil soul on Earth , and a police detective ( Koteas ) who unknowingly becomes caught in the middle of an angelic civil war .

neg: Valentine (film) Valentine is a 2001 American slasher film directed by Jamie Blanks , and starring Denise Richards , David Boreanaz , Marley Shelton , Jessica Capshaw , and Katherine Heigl . Loosely based on the novel of the same name by Tom Savage , the film follows a group of women in San Francisco who are stalked by a man whom they tormented during their childhood .   Release theatrically in February 2001 , the film received mixed reviews from critics , with some praising its performances and cinematography , and others criticizing its conclusion and deeming it too redolent of 1980s horror films . In spite of the mixed critical response , the film was a box office success , earning a total of USD$ 36.7 million .

neg: Marooned (1969 film) Marooned is a 1969 American film directed by John Sturges and starring Gregory Peck , Richard Crenna , David Janssen , James Franciscus and Gene Hackman about three astronauts who are trapped and slowly suffocating in space . It was based on the 1964 novel Marooned by Martin Caidin . While the original novel was based on the single-pilot Mercury program , the film depicted an Apollo Command/Service Module with three astronauts and a space station resembling Skylab . Caidin acted as technical adviser and updated the novel , incorporating appropriate material from the original version .   The film was released less than four months after the Apollo 11 moon landing and was tied to the public fascination with the event . It won an Academy Award for Visual Effects for Robbie Robertson .

neg: Summer of Fear (1996 film) Summer of Fear is a 1996 American made-for-television psychological thriller film starring Gregory Harrison , Glynnis O'Connor , Lee Garlington and Corin Nemec which premiered on CBS on April 3 , 1996 . It was written by John Gay and based on the novel Simon Says by Gloria Murphy .

neg: The Ghost Breaker (1914 film) The Ghost Breaker was a 1914 American silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and Oscar C. Apfel and based on the Broadway play of the same name by Paul Dickey and Charles W. Goddard . The film was distributed by Paramount Pictures under the Famous Players-Lasky banner .   The Ghost Breaker was possibly the first film in a long line of haunted-house horror films with the same story . A 1922 remake of the same name starred Wallace Reid and Lila Lee . The original film was also remade as The Ghost Breakers ( 1940 ) with Bob Hope and Paulette Goddard , and as Scared Stiff ( 1953 ) with Martin and Lewis . The film is now considered lost .

neg: A Troll in Central Park A Troll in Central Park ( released in some countries as Stanley 's Magic Garden ) is a 1994 American animated musical fantasy-comedy film directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman , creators of Rock-A-Doodle , The Land Before Time , All Dogs Go to Heaven , The Secret of NIMH and An American Tail . It was released on October 7 , 1994 , by Warner Bros. . Family Entertainment . The film grossed $ 71,368 at the North American box office .   The film features the voice talents of Dom DeLuise as Stanley , Cloris Leachman as Queen Gnorga , Charles Nelson Reilly as King Llort , Phillip Glasser as Gus , Tawny Sunshine Glover as Rosie , Hayley Mills as Hilary and Jonathan Pryce as Alan . It is the last Don Bluth film to star Dom DeLuise .

neg: Algiers (film) Algiers is a 1938 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Charles Boyer , Sigrid Gurie , and Hedy Lamarr . Written by John Howard Lawson , the film is about a notorious French jewel thief hiding in the labyrinthine native quarter of Algiers known as the Casbah . Feeling imprisoned by his self-imposed exile , he is drawn out of hiding by a beautiful French tourist who reminds him of happier times in Paris . The Walter Wanger production was a remake of the successful 1937 French film Pépé le Moko , which derived its plot from the Henri La Barthe novel of the same name .   Algiers was a sensation because it was the first Hollywood film starring Hedy Lamarr , whose beauty became the main attraction for film audiences . The film is notable as one of the sources of inspiration to the screenwriters of the 1942 Warner Bros. film Casablanca who wrote it with Hedy Lamarr in mind as the original female lead . Charles Boyer 's depiction of the main character , Pepe Le Moko , inspired the Warner Bros. animated character , Pepé Le Pew . In 1966 , the film entered the public domain ( in the USA ) due to the claimants ' failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .

neg: Bound (The Secret Circle) `` Bound '' is the 2nd episode of the first season of the CW television series The Secret Circle , and the series ' 2nd episode overall . It aired on September 22 , 2011 . The episode was written by Kevin Williamson & Andrew Miller . It was directed by Liz Friedlander .

neg: Gregory Jbara Gregory Jbara ( -LSB- dʒəˈbɑrə -RSB- born September 28 , 1961 ) is an American film , television and stage actor , and singer .

neg: Secret Window Secret Window is a 2004 American psychological thriller film starring Johnny Depp and John Turturro . It was written and directed by David Koepp , based on the novella Secret Window , Secret Garden by Stephen King , featuring a musical score by Philip Glass and Geoff Zanelli . The story appeared in King 's collection Four Past Midnight . The film was released on March 12 , 2004 , by Columbia Pictures ; it was a moderate box office success and received mixed reviews from critics .

neg: Pat Healy (actor) Pat Healy ( born September 14 , 1971 ) is an American film and television actor perhaps best known for his leading roles in Great World of Sound , Compliance , The Innkeepers and Cheap Thrills . He directed his first feature film , Take Me , in 2017 .

neg: The West Side Waltz The West Side Waltz is a play by Ernest Thompson .   The play focuses on Margaret Mary Elderdice , an aging , widowed pianist living in a dreary Upper West Side apartment , and her relationships with a prim , virginal violinist neighbor and the young companion who moves in for an extended stay .   Thompson was prompted to write the piece when screenwriter George Seaton offered him a grant to write a new play following the success of his previous work , On Golden Pond .   The play originally was presented off-Broadway in 1978 . After three previews , the Broadway production , directed by Noel William , opened on November 19 , 1981 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre . Despite the presence of screen legend Katharine Hepburn , supported by Dorothy Loudon , Regina Baff , and David Margulies , it ran for only 126 performances . Hepburn was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play , but lost to Zoe Caldwell ( Medea ) .   Thompson wrote the teleplay for and directed a CBS production that originally aired on Thanksgiving night in 1995 . The cast included Shirley MacLaine , Liza Minnelli , Kathy Bates , Jennifer Grey , Estelle Harris , and Robert Pastorelli .

neg: Dead End (1937 film) Dead End is a 1937 crime drama film directed by William Wyler . It is an adaptation of the Sidney Kingsley 1935 Broadway play of the same name . It stars Humphrey Bogart , Joel McCrea , and Sylvia Sidney . It is notable as being the first film appearance of the Dead End Kids .

neg: Sylvester (film) Sylvester is a 1985 American family drama film directed by Tim Hunter and starring Richard Farnsworth and Melissa Gilbert . The movie was nominated for a Young Artist Award in 1986 .

neg: Robin Gregory Robin Gregory is an American sound engineer . He was nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Best Sound .

neg: Greg Sumner Gregory `` Greg '' Sumner is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera Knots Landing , a long-running serial about middle class life on the fictional cul-de-sac known as Seaview Circle in Los Angeles , California . He was played by actor William Devane between 1983 and 1993 . He debuted in the fourth episode of the fifth season . Devane remained a principal actor in the series until the final episode . The character made his last television appearance in 1997 , when he appeared in the Knots Landing reunion series Knots Landing : Back to the Cul-de-Sac .

neg: The Undying The Undying is a 2011 American supernatural romantic thriller written by David M. Flynn and Steven Peros and directed by Steven Peros . The film stars Robin Weigert , Anthony Carrigan , Wes Studi , Jay O. Sanders , and Sybil Temtchine .


query: American Horror Story's first season did not take place in California.

pos: American Horror Story American Horror Story is an American anthology horror television series created and produced by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk . Described as an anthology series , each season is conceived as a self-contained miniseries , following a disparate set of characters and settings , and a storyline with its own `` beginning , middle , and end . '' Some plot elements of each season are loosely inspired by true events .   The first season , retroactively subtitled Murder House , takes place in Los Angeles , California , during the year 2011 and centers on a family that moves into a house haunted by its deceased former occupants . The second season , subtitled Asylum , takes place in Massachusetts during the year 1964 and follows the stories of the patients and staff of an institution for the criminally insane . The third season , subtitled Coven , takes place in New Orleans , Louisiana , during the year 2013 and follows a coven of witches who face off against those who wish to destroy them . The fourth season , subtitled Freak Show , takes place in Jupiter , Florida , during the year 1952 and centers around one of the few remaining American freak shows . The fifth season , subtitled Hotel , takes place in Los Angeles during the year 2015 and focuses on the staff and guests of a supernatural hotel . The sixth season , subtitled Roanoke , takes place in Roanoke Island , during the year 2016 and focuses on the paranormal events that take place at an isolated farmhouse .   The only actors to appear in all iterations of the show so far are Evan Peters , Sarah Paulson and Lily Rabe .   The series is broadcast on the cable television channel FX in the United States . On November 10 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a sixth season , and premiered , for the first time out of October , on September 14 , 2016 . On October 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a seventh season , which is set to premiere in September 2017 . On January 12 , 2017 , the series was renewed for an eighth and ninth season .   Although reception to individual seasons has varied , American Horror Story has been overall well received by television critics , with the majority of the praise going to the cast , particularly Jessica Lange , who won two Emmy Awards , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performances . Additionally , Kathy Bates and Lady Gaga won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award , respectively , for their performances . The series draws consistently high ratings for the FX network , with its first season being the most-viewed new cable series of 2011 .

neg: A (The Walking Dead) `` A '' is the sixteenth and final episode of the fourth season , and 51st episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead , which aired on AMC on March 30 , 2014 . The episode was written by Scott M. Gimple and Angela Kang , and directed by Michelle MacLaren .   As multiple paths collide on each group 's travels , Rick ( Andrew Lincoln ) remembers the past and comes face to face with sheer brutality . As the so-called sanctuary , `` Terminus '' , begins to reveal its true face , the group struggles to survive . Themes explored in this episode include preparedness and the extremities of living in a lawless world . The latter is explored through Rick 's guilt and trauma after being forced to brutally murder two men to protect his son , Carl ( Chandler Riggs ) .

neg: Living Lahaina Living Lahaina is an American reality television series on MTV . The series , filmed over a three-month period on location in Lahaina ( on the island of Maui , Hawaii ) , focused on a group of twenty-something surf instructors and their father-figure-boss at the Royal Hawaiian Surf Academy . Living Lahaina also followed cast members throughout travels to Indonesia , California , and Kauai .   Living Lahaina premiered on Tuesday , April 17 , 2007 at 10:30 p.m. on MTV and was scheduled to run for eight episodes . However , only 3 episodes were shown on MTV .   Following the style of MTV 's Laguna Beach : The Real Orange County , The Hills , and Maui Fever , Living Lahaina was shot in the format of a scripted television show ( rather than in the style of a traditional reality show or documentary ) . Cast members did not speak directly to the camera . Instead , the show made use of a Dukes of Hazzard style voice-over narrative periodically throughout each episode , to give background or sum up storylines .

neg: Dollhouse (season 1) The first season of the television series Dollhouse , premiered on February 13 , 2009 , on Fox and concluded its 12-episode season on May 8 , 2009 . The season aired on Fridays at 9:00 pm ET . Together with Fringe , Dollhouse was a part of Fox 's `` Remote-Free TV '' initiative to keep people from switching channels during commercial breaks . Therefore , every episode of this season was 47 -- 50 minutes long compared to a usual 40 -- 43 minute length for regular network television .

neg: What Lies Ahead `` What Lies Ahead '' is the first episode of the second season and 7th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead . It originally aired on AMC in the United States on October 16 , 2011 . It was written by series developer Frank Darabont ( under the pseudonym `` Ardeth Bey '' ) and series creator Robert Kirkman , and directed by Gwyneth Horder-Payton and Ernest Dickerson . In this episode , Rick Grimes ( Andrew Lincoln ) leads his group toward Fort Benning , Georgia , but during an encounter with a herd of zombies , colloquially referred to as `` walkers '' , Sophia Peletier ( Madison Lintz ) goes missing , and a search group is formed .   `` What Lies Ahead '' was the last episode written by Darabont , who had been fired from the show in July 2011 . It was first previewed at the San Diego Comic-Con on July 22 , 2011 . Production commenced in June 2011 . Unlike the first season , most of the principal photography for `` What Lies Ahead '' took place outside the city limits of Atlanta , Georgia ; filming took place in Smyrna and Henry County , Georgia . Before its first airing , several segments were announced and broadcast , including a six-part internet series and a live after-show hosted by Chris Hardwick .   `` What Lies Ahead '' was well received by television critics , who said it made a strong start to the season . Ratings were similarly positive : in the United States , it broke the record for the most-watched drama in the history of basic cable , attaining 7.3 million viewers . Worldwide , it averaged a 2.0 rating in most television markets .

neg: Open House (American Horror Story) `` Open House '' is the seventh episode of the first season of the television series American Horror Story , which premiered on the network FX on November 16 , 2011 . The episode was written by co-creator and executive producer Brad Falchuk and was directed by Tim Hunter . This episode is rated TV-MA ( LSV ) .   In this episode , Violet ( Taissa Farmiga ) is confronted by a revelation , while Vivien ( Connie Britton ) learns she is pregnant with twins .   In 2012 , this episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or Movie .

neg: Real World: Ex-Plosion Real World : Ex-Plosion is the twenty-ninth season of MTV 's reality television series Real World , which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season , as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships . It is the eighth season of Real World to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States , specifically in California after The Real World : San Diego in 2011 .   The season featured a total of twelve cast members over the course of the season . It is the seventh season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season , as the show 's third season was set in San Francisco in 1994 . It is also the sixth season to be located in California . San Francisco , California was first reported as the location for the twenty-ninth season in an August 2013 article on the website Vevmo . Production began from late August until October 21 , 2013 , and the season later premiered on January 8 , 2014 , consisting of 12 episodes .   After 21 years , this season marks the first big change in the show 's format . The cast narration `` This is the true story ... of seven strangers ... '' that was used during the previous 28 seasons was eliminated from the opening title sequence and replaced with a new introduction . The roommates move into their San Francisco home , make relationships with one another and also with the San Francisco locals . A month into the show , the cast goes on an off-the-grid vacation . When they return , they come to discover that many of their exes have moved in as additional roommates . The Exes were each misled by producers to believing that he or she would be a replacement roommate , unaware the other Exes would be moving in as well until move-in day .

neg: Deadtime Stories (TV series) Deadtime Stories is an American anthology horror-fantasy television series written by Annette Cascone and based on the book series of the same title ( created by Annette and Gina Cascone ) that aired from November 2 , 2012 to December 5 , 2013 on Nickelodeon .

neg: Abattoir (film) Abattoir is a 2016 American horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and written by Christopher Monfette . It premiered on June 7 , 2016 at the Los Angeles Film Festival .

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons .   The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching .   The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .

neg: Supernatural (season 2) The second season of Supernatural , an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke , premiered on September 28 , 2006 , and concluded on May 17 , 2007 , airing 22 episodes . The season focuses on protagonists Sam ( Jared Padalecki ) and Dean Winchester ( Jensen Ackles ) as they track down Azazel , the demon responsible for the deaths of their mother Mary and father John . They attempt to discover the demon 's plan for Sam and other psychic children -- young adults who were visited by Azazel as infants and given abilities , and whose mothers often then died in a fire . During their travels , they use their father 's journal to help them carry on the family business -- saving people and hunting supernatural creatures .   The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States , and was the first season to air on The CW television network , a joint venture of The WB and UPN . The previous season was broadcast on The WB . It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers , and was in danger of not being renewed . The cast and crew garnered many award nominations , but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics . While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and the decision to finish the main storyline were praised , the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized .   The season was internationally syndicated , airing in the United Kingdom on ITV , in Canada on Citytv and SPACE , and in Australia on Network Ten . It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11 , 2007 , by Warner Home Video in Region 1 . Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2 , the complete set was released October 29 , 2007 , and in Region 4 October 3 , 2007 . The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as Apple 's iTunes Store , Microsoft 's Xbox Live Marketplace , and Amazon.com 's on-demand TV service .

neg: Crystal Liu Crystal Liu is an American television writer .   She is well known for her work on FXs American Horror Story .

neg: Ghost Mine (TV series) Ghost Mine is an American paranormal television series that premiered on January 16 , 2013 , in the United States on the Syfy channel . The series features a group of hard rock miners searching for gold in Oregon 's Crescent Mine . Two paranormal investigators accompany them in an attempt to determine if the location is haunted .   On April 10 , 2013 , Syfy renewed the series for a 12-episode second season which premiered September 4 , 2013 .   On December 19 , 2013 , Paranormal Investigator Patrick Doyle reported via his Facebook page that Syfy had decided not to renew the show for a third season .

neg: The Blacklist (season 1) The first season of the American crime thriller television series The Blacklist premiered on NBC on September 23 , 2013 . The season was produced by Davis Entertainment , Universal Television , and Sony Pictures Television , and the executive producers are Jon Bokenkamp , John Davis , John Eisendrath , John Fox , and Joe Carnahan .

neg: Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury .   In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal .   As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .

neg: List of American Experience episodes American Experience , originally titled The American Experience , is an American television program and a PBS documentary series created by Peter McGhee . The series airs documentaries about historic events or historical figures that had an impact upon the United States government or its citizens . The show is produced primarily by WGBH-TV , a television station and PBS member located in Boston , Massachusetts . WGBH-TV creates non-commercial educational programs and distributes them on public television stations throughout the United States . However , other PBS affiliate stations , such as WNET in New York City , have co-produced episodes for the television series . Since the programs debut on October 4 , 1988 , American Experience has broadcast 326 episodes and has been a recipient of over 265 broadcast and web awards . The program 's twenty-ninth season premiered on January 10 , 2017 .

neg: Incident On and Off a Mountain Road Incident On and Off a Mountain Road is the premiere episode of the first season of Masters of Horror , directed by Don Coscarelli . It originally aired in North America on October 28 , 2005 . The screenplay is based on a short story by American author Joe R. Lansdale . It was first published as a comic book series , Masters of Horror # 1-2 , 4 issues .

neg: The Walking Dead (season 7) The seventh season of The Walking Dead , an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC , premiered on October 23 , 2016 , and concluded on April 2 , 2017 , consisting of 16 episodes . Developed for television by Frank Darabont , the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman , Tony Moore , and Charlie Adlard . The executive producers are Kirkman , David Alpert , Scott M. Gimple , Greg Nicotero , Tom Luse , and Gale Anne Hurd , with Gimple as showrunner for the fourth consecutive season . The seventh season received generally positive reviews by critics . It is currently nominated for multiple awards , including Best Horror Television Series , at the 43rd Saturn Awards .   This season adapts material from issues # 100 -- 114 of the comic book series and introduces notable comic characters Ezekiel ( Khary Payton ) and his pet Bengal tiger , Shiva , including more survivor communities : the Kingdom , the Sanctuary , Oceanside , and the Scavengers . Immediately continuing the events of last season 's cliffhanger , the season continues the story of Rick Grimes ( Andrew Lincoln ) and his group of survivors , who now find themselves brutally overpowered and kneeling helplessly before Negan ( Jeffrey Dean Morgan ) and the Saviors , as they experience a daunting and life-changing confrontation . What Negan does will haunt and change the lives of those who survive forever .   The first half of the season focuses on the group , after suffering a heavy loss , gradually coming to terms under the rule of Negan and their struggle to obey his orders . The second half of the season focuses on the group building an army with like-minded communities to prepare for all-out war against the Saviors .

neg: Real World Seattle: Bad Blood Real World Seattle : Bad Blood is the thirty-second season of MTV 's reality television series Real World , which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season as cameras document their lives and interpersonal relationships . It is the ninth season to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States , specifically in Washington , and is also the third season to be filmed in the Pacific Northwest after The Real World : Portland .   The season featured a total of fourteen people , consisting of seven original roommates and seven additional permanent roommates who lived in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle , Washington . This season follows a twist from the past three seasons . It is the tenth season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season , as the show 's seventh season was set in Seattle in 1998 . Seattle was first reported as the location for the thirty-second season by the website Vevmo on May 22 , 2016 . Production began on June 30 , and concluded on August 27 , 2016 totaling up to 58 days of filming .   The season premiered on October 12 of that year on MTV and the MTV app , and concluded with the season finale on January 4 , 2017 , consisting of 12 episodes .

neg: American Vampire American Vampire is an American Eisner Award-winning comic book series created by writer Scott Snyder and drawn by artist Rafael Albuquerque .   The series imagines vampires as a population made up of many different secret species , and charts moments of vampire evolution and inter-species conflict throughout history . The focus of the series is a new American bloodline of vampires , born in the American West in the late 19th century . The first of this new species is a notorious outlaw named Skinner Sweet , who wakes from death , after being infected , to find he has become a new kind of vampire , something stronger and faster than what came before , impervious to sunlight , with a new set of strengths and weaknesses . The series goes on to track his movements through various decades of American history -- along with the movements of his first and only known progeny : Pearl Jones , a young woman working as a struggling actress in the 1920s silent film industry when she is attacked by a coven of European vampires hiding in Hollywood . Sweet saves her ( uncharacteristically ) by giving her his blood , thereby turning her into an American vampire like him , at which point she seeks revenge on the classic vampires who attacked her in life . The complicated and charged relationship Jones has with Sweet is another focus of the series .   The first five issues featured two stories -- one by Snyder and the other by Stephen King , both drawn by Rafael Albuquerque . As of the sixth issue , Scott Snyder has taken over as sole writer .   American Vampire has spun off two mini-series . The first , `` Survival of the Fittest '' , illustrated by Sean Murphy focuses on the cases files of the V.M.S. , the vampire hunting organization of the series . The second , `` Lord of Nightmares '' , illustrated by Dustin Nguyen further focuses on the mythology presented by Survival of the Fittest . In June 2013 , a one shot co-written by Snyder and Albuquerque ( who also illustrates the 64-page issue ) , entitled `` Long Road to Hell '' which features vampire hunter Travis Kidd , was released .

neg: Dexter (season 1) The first season of Dexter is an adaptation of Jeff Lindsay 's first novel in the Dexter series , Darkly Dreaming Dexter . Subsequent seasons have featured original storylines . This season aired from October 1 , 2006 to December 17 , 2006 , and follows Dexter 's investigation of `` The Ice Truck Killer '' . Introduced in the first episode , `` Dexter '' , this serial killer targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies severed and bloodless . At the same time , Dexter 's foster sister , Debra Morgan ( Jennifer Carpenter ) , a vice squad officer , aspires to work in the homicide department , and Dexter 's girlfriend , Rita Bennett ( Julie Benz ) , wants their relationship to be more intimate . Christian Camargo appears as Rudy Cooper and is a recurring character until the end of the season .   The show 's first season received generally favorable reviews from critics ; it was praised as `` bold , different and exciting , with a central character and performance that take your breath away '' by the New York Daily News . The Wall Street Journal saw `` the grotesqueries of Dexter '' as `` not something that can easily be dismissed with the old '' ` you do n't have to watch ' line '' , and concluded that `` We do have to live among the viewers who will be desensitized , or aroused , by this show '' . The aggregate site Metacritic scored the show 's first season at 77 out of 100 based on 27 critics reviews .   The season received high ratings for Showtime ; the pilot episode attracted more than a million viewers , giving the channel its highest ratings in nearly two years , while the finale `` Born Free '' drew an audience of 1.1 million viewers in the U.S. On average , the season was watched by two million viewers per episode during its original run when factoring in DVR viewers . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild strike and encouraged by the show 's critical success and high ratings on Showtime , CBS , a national terrestrial broadcast network , announced in December 2007 that it was considering airing an edited version of the first season of Dexter for free-to-air broadcast . It began to broadcast it on February 17 , 2008 , and thus , Dexter became the first program in 20 years to air on a broadcast network after being shown on a premium cable channel . During the show 's rerun on the CBS network in 2008 , the ratings were much higher , reaching 8.2 million viewers during its premiere February , giving the network its best rating in the 10 p.m. timeslot since December the previous year . During its 12-week run , it dropped to 7.1 million in early April , and to 6.6 million during the season 's finale on May 6 .