query: Chris Froome finished second in the 2011 Vuelta a España behind Lance Armstrong.

pos: 2011 Vuelta a España The 2011 Vuelta a España was held from 20 August to 11 September . The race began in Benidorm with a team time trial and ended , as is traditional , in Madrid . The 2011 Vuelta was the 66th edition of the race and was the first Vuelta in 33 years that visited the Basque Country . The 33-year absence from the region was due to fear of political protests .   Critics claim that it was a race well suited for the climbers due to the minimum time trial kilometres and lots of climbing kilometres . 9 of the 21 stages were ranked as Mountain Stages . 6 of them had a mountain-top finish ( including the very steep uphill finish on the Alto de L'Angliru ) . Two other stages had steep uphill finishes , both of which were won by Katusha leader Joaquim Rodríguez .   This Vuelta saw the introduction of a combativity award , much like that in the Tour de France . The most combative rider in each stage was awarded a red backnumber which he wore for the next stage .   The race was won by Juan José Cobo with a small margin of just 13 seconds over Briton Chris Froome . Neither rider was marked as a pre-race favourite , and both went to the Vuelta as domestiques for their team leaders : Denis Menchov for Cobo , and Bradley Wiggins for Froome ; the team leaders finished 5th and 3rd respectively . Cobo also won the Combination Classification . The King of the Mountain competition was won for the fourth consecutive time by Frenchman David Moncoutié . The points classification was won by Dutch rider Bauke Mollema who finished 4th overall .

pos: Chris Froome Christopher Clive Froome , ( born 20 May 1985 ) is a British professional road racing cyclist for UCI ProTeam , who competed for Kenya until 2008 . A three-time winner of the Tour de France , and three-time runner-up in the Vuelta a España , he is seen as one of the most successful stage-racing riders of the recent era . Froome , who was brought up in Kenya and South Africa , has ridden under a British licence since 2008 on the basis that both his parents are British .   In 2007 , at the age of 22 , Froome turned professional with Team Konica Minolta . He moved to Europe to further his career , joining team . In 2010 , he moved to and has become one of the team 's key cyclists . Froome made his breakthrough as a Grand Tour contender during the 2011 Vuelta a España where he finished second overall .   At the 2012 Tour de France , riding as a super-domestique for Bradley Wiggins , Froome won stage seven and finished second overall , behind only Wiggins in the same race as the best British performance in the race 's history . In the same year , he also won the bronze medal in the time trial event at the Olympic Games and finished fourth in the Vuelta a España . His first multi-stage race win came in 2013 , in the Tour of Oman , followed by wins in the Critérium International , the Tour de Romandie , the Critérium du Dauphiné , and the Tour de France .   As a defending champion , he began 2014 by again winning the Tour of Oman , followed by a repeat victory in the Tour de Romandie . After retiring from the 2014 Tour de France , he came back to place second in the Vuelta a España . In 2015 , he won his second Critérium du Dauphiné and his second Tour de France . In 2016 , he won a third Tour title , and became the first man since Miguel Indurain in 1995 to defend his title .

neg: Greg LeMond Gregory James `` Greg '' LeMond ( born June 26 , 1961 ) is an American former professional road racing cyclist who won the Road Race World Championship twice ( 1983 and 1989 ) and the Tour de France three times ( 1986 , 1989 and 1990 ) . He is also an entrepreneur and anti-doping advocate . LeMond was born in Lakewood , California , and raised in ranch country on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain range , near Reno . He is married and has three children with his wife Kathy , with whom he supports a variety of charitable causes and organizations .   In 1986 , LeMond became the first non-European professional cyclist to win the Tour de France , and he remains the only American cyclist to have won the Tour . LeMond was accidentally shot with multiple pellets while hunting in 1987 and missed the next two Tours . He returned to the 1989 Tour , completing an improbable comeback by winning in dramatic fashion on the race 's final stage . He successfully defended his title the following year , claiming his third and final Tour victory in 1990 , which made LeMond one of only seven riders who have won three or more Tours . He retired from competition in December 1994 . He was inducted into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 1996 .   LeMond was the first American to win the elite Road World Championship , the first professional cyclist to sign a million-dollar contract , and the first cyclist to appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated when the magazine named him as its Sportsman of the Year in 1989 . During his career , LeMond championed several technological advancements in pro cycling , including the introduction of aerodynamic `` triathlon '' handlebars and carbon fiber bicycle frames , which he later marketed through his company LeMond Bicycles . His other business interests have included restaurants , real estate , and consumer fitness equipment .   LeMond is a vocal opponent of performance-enhancing drug use , and at times his commercial ventures have suffered for his anti-doping stance -- as in 2001 , when he first accused Lance Armstrong of doping and sparked a conflict that led eventually to the dissolution of his Lemond Bikes brand in 2008 , which was licensed by Armstrong 's primary sponsor Trek Bicycles . As the lone American winner of cycling 's most prestigious race , LeMond has not enjoyed the public stature that might be expected of such a figure , but he continues to campaign publicly against doping and ineffective leadership by the UCI , the International Federation for Cycling . In December 2012 , LeMond even articulated a willingness to replace the UCI president on an interim basis if called to do so . In December 2013 , the LeMond brand was revived , manufactured in partnership with TIME Sport International .

neg: 2011 Italian Grand Prix The 2011 Italian Grand Prix , formally known as the 2011 Gran Premio Santander d'Italia , was a Formula One motor race that was held on 11 September 2011 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza in Italy . It was the thirteenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and was also the sixtieth time the Italian Grand Prix had been held at Monza . The 53-lap race was won by Red Bull 's Sebastian Vettel , the World Drivers ' Championship leader , after he started from pole position . Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren , and Fernando Alonso completed the podium in third position for Ferrari .   As a consequence of the race , Vettel extended his lead in the World Drivers ' Championship to 112 points over Alonso , who moved up to second place in the championship . Button moved into third place in the championship , five points behind Alonso , and level on points with fourth-placed Mark Webber , but ahead on countback . In the World Constructors ' Championship , Red Bull 's championship lead was cut by McLaren to 126 points , with Ferrari a further 71 points behind in third position .

neg: 2013 UCI Europe Tour The 2013 UCI Europe Tour was the ninth season of the UCI Europe Tour . The 2013 season began on 27 January 2013 with the Grand Prix Cycliste la Marseillaise and ended on 20 October 2013 with the Chrono des Nations .   The points leader , based on the cumulative results of previous races , wears the UCI Europe Tour cycling jersey . John Degenkolb of Germany was the defending champion of the 2012 UCI Europe Tour . Riccardo Zoidl of Austria was crowned as the 2013 UCI Europe Tour .   Throughout the season , points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events . The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers , the higher the UCI rating of a race , the more points are awarded .   The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows :  Multi-day events : 2 . HC , 2.1 and 2.2  One-day events : 1 . HC , 1.1 and 1.2

neg: 2011 Three Days of De Panne The 2011 Three Days of De Panne ( 2011 KBC Driedaagse van De Panne-Koksijde ) was the 35th edition of the Three Days of De Panne , an annual bicycle race . Taking part in and around the De Panne region of West Flanders , it began in Middelkerke on 29 March and finished in De Panne two days later . The 538.7 km stage race comprised four stages , with two held on the final day . It was part of the 2010 -- 2011 UCI Europe Tour and was rated as a 2 . HC event . Sébastien Rosseler of won the general classification , his first ever victory in a stage race .

neg: 2011 Jelajah Malaysia The 2011 Jelajah Malaysia , a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia . It was held from 8 to 13 March 2011 . There were six stages with a total of 1,011 kilometres . In fact , the race was sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale as a 2.2 category race and was part of the 2010 -- 11 UCI Asia Tour calendar .   Mehdi Sohrabi of Iran won the race , followed by David McCann of Ireland second and Ioannis Tamouridis of Greece third overall . Mohamed Harrif Salleh of Malaysia won the points classification and Adiq Husainie Othman of Malaysia won the mountains classification . won the team classification .

neg: 2016 Tour of Qatar The 2016 Tour of Qatar was a road cycling stage race that took place in Qatar between 8 and 12 February 2016 . It was organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation ( ASO ) , the organisers of the Tour de France and was rated as a 2 . HC event as part of the 2016 UCI Asia Tour . It was the 15th edition of the Tour of Qatar   The race consisted of five stages . It began in Dukhan and ended in Doha . The Tour of Qatar puts unusual demands on riders : it has no significant climbs , but almost every stage is affected by strong crosswinds . These conditions make the race ideal preparation for the spring classics season , so many prominent classics riders were present . The champion of the 2015 Tour of Qatar was Niki Terpstra , but his team was not invited to the event for disciplinary reasons .   The race was won by Mark Cavendish . This was his second victory , following the 2013 edition . He won Stage 1 and finished second on the second and fifth stages . Alexander Kristoff won three other stages , with Edvald Boasson Hagen winning the time trial but losing time to a puncture on the fourth stage .

neg: Six-day racing A six or six-day is a track cycling race that lasts six days . Six-day races started in Britain , spread to many regions of the world , were brought to their modern style in the United States and are now mainly a European event . Initially , individuals competed alone , the winner being the individual who completed the most laps . However , the format was changed to allow teams ( usually of two riders each ) , one rider racing while the other rested . The 24-hours a day regime has also been relaxed , so that most six-day races involve six nights of racing , typically from 6pm to 2am , on indoor tracks ( velodromes ) .   The overall winner is the team which completes most laps . In the event of teams completing the same number of laps , the winner is the team with most points won in intermediate competitions ( see points race ) . As well as the ` chase ' to gain laps over competitors , a typical six-day programme will include time trials , motor-paced , intermediate sprint and elimination races . In the main ` chase ' or madison events ( so-called after Madison Square Garden in New York City where the two-man format was devised ) , both riders may be on the track at the same time , taking it in turns to race , hand-slinging each other back into action .

neg: 2006 Eneco Tour The 2006 Eneco Tour road cycling race took place from August 16 to August 23 , two weeks later in the season than the year before . The second edition of the Eneco Tour covered parts of the Netherlands , Belgium and Germany . Like in 2005 , 23 teams took part in the race . Next to the 20 UCI ProTour teams , , and received wild card entries .   The race itself was very close , as both the prologue ( 6 km ) and timetrial ( 16 km ) were quite short which led to small time differences . A dramatic conclusion on the last day rendered Stefan Schumacher the victory over George Hincapie , with just one second of advantage . Other riders who stood out during this race were the Belgians Tom Boonen and Philippe Gilbert , who both won in their home region . Other wins came from Manuel Quinziato and David Kopp .

neg: Cédric Vasseur Cédric Vasseur ( born August 18 , 1970 in Hazebrouck , Nord ) is a French former professional road racing cyclist . He was born in Hazebrouck , France , and currently resides in Lille with his wife and young son . From 2001 until 2005 , he was part of the French professional cycling team Cofidis , often as the captain on the road , and then moved to the Belgian team Quick Step-Innergetic .   Vasseur turned professional with the team Novemail in 1995 , and switched to the GAN team in 1996 which then became Crédit Agricole in 1997 . His first professional victory is also his most famous : it was his solo 147-kilometre breakaway by which he won stage 5 of the 1997 Tour de France . He then wore the yellow jersey as the race leader for five days .   In the 2000 and 2001 seasons , he rode for the U.S. Postal team and participated in the 2000 Tour de France . However , his exclusion from the 2001 Tour de France team led to his switch to the Cofidis team . He cited personal differences with the USPS team star Lance Armstrong , which was widely quoted in French cycling publications . In the wake of the publication of the USADA memo that proves Lance Armstrong doping practices , he explained that he was excluded because of his refusal to participate in Armstrong 's doping program . ( `` Inutile de rappeler que je n'ai rien à voir dans cette organisation à qui je dois fort probablement ma non-participation au Tour 2001 ainsi que mon éviction de l'équipe . '' )   In 2004 , Vasseur was arrested in suspicion of doping offences along with several other Cofidis riders , notably including then individual time trial champion David Millar . A counter-analysis later proved negative and Vasseur 's name was then cleared . Vasseur also claimed some of the evidence in his witness statement had been forged . However , Vasseur was barred from riding in the 2004 Tour de France since the investigation had not concluded by the time that the race had started .   Vasseur came from a family of cyclists : his father Alain Vasseur competed in the 1970 , 71 and 74 editions of the Tour de France . His father also won a stage of the Tour de France after a solo breakaway .   Vasseur is considered an all-rounder who can do well in a variety of races . He has raced through all of the spring classics such as Tour of Flanders and Paris -- Roubaix , and has won a stage of the Dauphiné Libéré stage race .

neg: 2012 Critérium du Dauphiné The 2012 Critérium du Dauphiné was the sixty-fourth running of the Critérium du Dauphiné cycling stage race ; a race rated as a World Tour event on the UCI calendar , the highest classification such an event can have . The race consisted of eight stages , beginning with a prologue in Grenoble on 3 June , and concluded in Châtel on 10 June . The race was organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation , the same group that organises the Tour de France . It was viewed as a great preparation for July 's Tour de France , hence why a majority of the contenders for the general classification of the major tour participated in the Dauphiné . It featured mountainous stages as well as an individual time trial quite similar in length to those that awaited the riders in the Tour .   The race was won for the second successive year by rider Bradley Wiggins , who claimed the leader 's yellow and blue jersey after the first stage , extending his race-leading advantage after winning the fourth stage individual time trial , and ultimately maintained that advantage . Wiggins became only the third rider to win the Dauphiné and Paris -- Nice -- a race that Wiggins had won in March -- in the same year after Jacques Anquetil ( 1963 and 1965 ) and Eddy Merckx ( 1971 ) had previously done so .   Wiggins ' winning margin over his team-mate and runner-up Michael Rogers was one minute and seventeen seconds , and 's Cadel Evans completed the podium , nine seconds down on Rogers . In the race 's other classifications , rider Cayetano Sarmiento won the King of the Mountains classification , Evans won the green jersey for the points classification , 's Wilco Kelderman won the young rider classification , with finishing at the head of the teams classification by over thirteen minutes , after placing four riders inside the final overall top ten placings .

neg: Grand Tour (cycling) In road bicycle racing , a Grand Tour refers to one of the three major European professional cycling stage races : Tour de France , Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a España . Collectively they are termed the Grand Tours , and all three races are similar in format being multi-week races with daily stages . They have a special status in the UCI regulations : more points for the UCI World Tour are distributed in Grand Tours than in other races , and they are the only stage races allowed to last longer than 14 days .   The Tour de France is the oldest and most prestigious of all three , and also the world 's most famous cycling race . The Giro d'Italia is the second most important and has occasionally been as popular as the Tour ( late 1940s , 1950s , and early 1970s ) .

neg: Randonneuring Randonneuring ( also known as Audax in the UK , Australia and Brazil ) is a long-distance cycling sport with its origins in audax cycling . In randonneuring , riders attempt courses of 200 km or more , passing through predetermined `` controls '' ( checkpoints ) every few tens of kilometres . Riders aim to complete the course within specified time limits , and receive equal recognition regardless of their finishing order . Riders may travel in groups or alone as they wish , and are expected to be self-sufficient between controls . A randonneuring event is called a randonnée or brevet , and a rider who has completed a 200 km event is called a randonneur .   The international governing body for randonneuring is Audax Club Parisien ( ACP ) , which works with other randonneuring organisations worldwide through Les Randonneurs Mondiaux ( RM ) . Randonneuring is popular in France , and has a following in the Netherlands , Belgium , United Kingdom , Italy , Australia , United States , Canada , Brazil and India .

neg: London–Surrey Classic The London -- Surrey Classic ( also known as the RideLondon -- Surrey Classic ) is an annual 193 km men 's professional one-day road bicycle racing starting and finishing in London and routed via the picturesque Surrey Hills . The first race of its kind was the London -- Surrey Cycle Classic , on 14 August 2011 , a 1.2 classification 140 km preparatory event for the London 2012 Olympics , which was won by sprinter Mark Cavendish . The men 's and women 's Olympic road races were held on a longer variation of the same course the following year . On 4 August 2013 , the race found a permanent home as part of the Prudential RideLondon weekend , a two-day cycling festival held in London , a legacy event of the Olympics .   The Prudential RideLondon -- Surrey Classic is part of the UCI World Tour and is classified as a 1 . HC category event .

neg: Vuelta a España The Vuelta a España ( -LSB- ˈbwelta a esˈpaɲa -RSB- ; Tour of Spain ) is an annual multi-stage bicycle race primarily held in Spain , while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries . Inspired by the success of the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France , the race was first organized in 1935 . The race was prevented from being run by the Spanish Civil War and World War II in the early years of its existence ; however , the race has been held annually since 1955 . As the Vuelta gained prestige and popularity the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend all around the globe . Since 1979 , the event has been staged and managed by Unipublic , until in 2014 , when Amaury Sport Organisation acquired control , with both working together . The peloton expanded from a primarily Spanish participation to include riders from all over the world . The Vuelta is a UCI World Tour event , which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI ProTeams , with the exception of the wild card teams that the organizers can invite .   Along with the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia , the Vuelta makes up cycling 's prestigious , three week-long Grand Tours . While the route changes each year , the format of the race stays the same with the appearance of at least two time trials , the passage through the mountain chain of the Pyrenees , and the finish in the Spanish capital Madrid . The modern editions of the Vuelta a España consist of 21 day-long segments , stages , over a 23-day period that includes 2 rest days .   All of the stages are timed to the finish , after finishing the riders ' times are compounded with their previous stage times . The rider with the lowest aggregate time is the leader of the race and gets to don the red jersey . While the general classification garners the most attention there are other contests held within the Vuelta : the points classification for the sprinters , the mountains classification for the climbers , combination classification for the all-round riders , and the team classification for the competing teams .

neg: 2011 Liquigas–Cannondale season The 2011 season for began in January with the Tour de San Luis and ended in October at the Japan Cup . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .   The team had 30 victories in 2011 , second-most among top teams behind only . The team 's most prolific winners were Peter Sagan and Elia Viviani , who accounted for 22 of them . The team failed to relive their great successes of 2010 in the Grand Tours -- Ivan Basso , though the reigning Giro d'Italia champion , declined to defend that crown and focused instead on the Tour de France . Vincenzo Nibali was instead the leader for the Giro , and again for the Vuelta a España , where he did return to defend his championship . The team took two stage wins each in the Giro and Vuelta , but did not mount a serious threat for the overall crown in any of the three . Elsewhere , the team 's principal successes were in single-day races , especially those in their home country Italy , winning seven such races .

neg: 2006 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré The 58th edition of the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré took place from June 4 to June 11 , 2006 . It consisted of a Prologue and seven stages covering a total of 1098 km , starting in Annecy and finishing in Grenoble .   American Levi Leipheimer of Team Gerolsteiner captured the overall title and the maillot jaune et bleu ahead of France 's Christophe Moreau and Germany 's Bernhard Kohl . Christophe Moreau ( AG2R Prévoyance ) secured the King of the Mountains competition and the combined classification ( winner of the maillot bleu ) . The points classification for sprinters went to Spaniard Francisco Mancebo . French team AG2R Prévoyance captured the team title . After admitting that he has been doping from 1999 to 2007 , Levi Leipheimer lost all his results , and the winner changed to Christophe Moreau , who too won King of the Mountains .   The 2006 edition featured a feast of climbing , and is considered the ideal race for the Tour de France contenders to hone their form . After eight challenging stages , it finished on June 11 - just under three weeks before the start of ` La Grande Boucle ' .

neg: 2011 UCI Oceania Tour The 2011 UCI Oceania Tour was the seventh season of the UCI Oceania Tour . The season began on 26 January 2011 with the Tour of Wellington and ended on 20 March 2011 with the Oceania Cycling Championships .   The points leader , based on the cumulative results of previous races , wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey . Michael Matthews of Australia was the defending champion of the 2009 -- 10 UCI Oceania Tour . Richard Lang of Australia was crowned as the 2011 UCI Oceania Tour champion .   Throughout the season , points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events . The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers , the higher the UCI rating of a race , the more points are awarded .  The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows :  Multi-day events : 2 . HC , 2.1 and 2.2  One-day events : 1 . HC , 1.1 and 1.2

neg: 2012 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 20 Stage 11 of the 2012 Tour de France was contested on 12 July and the race concluded with Stage 20 on 22 July . The second half of the race was situated entirely within France ; starting with a mountain stage from Albertville to La Toussuire-Les Sybelles -- incorporating two hors catégorie climbs during the stage -- before the customary race-concluding stage finish on the Champs-Élysées in Paris .   Following his victory in the ninth stage individual time trial , rider Bradley Wiggins held the lead into the second half of the race . He maintained his race lead throughout the second half of the race , holding a lead of 2 minutes and 5 seconds -- transpiring from stage 9 -- until the race 's final individual time trial , held on the penultimate day of the race . Wiggins won the stage by 1 minute and 16 seconds ahead of his team-mate Chris Froome , and Wiggins ultimately held his lead into Paris the following day to win the race overall by 3 minutes and 21 seconds , to become the first rider from Great Britain to win a Grand Tour race . Froome finished second , while the final podium was completed by former Vuelta a España winner Vincenzo Nibali , riding for the team , who was the only other rider to finish within 10 minutes of Wiggins ' final overall time .   Only Wiggins ' team-mate Mark Cavendish was able to win more than one stage during the second half of the race , winning two of the final three stages including a fourth consecutive final stage victory in Paris . This victory allowed him to become the most prolific sprinter at the Tour de France with 23 stage victories , surpassing the record of 22 which had been held for 48 years by France 's André Darrigade . Three French riders -- Pierre Rolland , Pierrick Fédrigo and Thomas Voeckler -- each took a stage victory during the second half of the race , with Voeckler 's victory in the queen stage helping in part for him to become the eventual winner of the mountains classification . Other stage victories were taken by David Millar , André Greipel , Luis León Sánchez and Alejandro Valverde .   During the fourteenth stage of the race , Wiggins neutralised the peloton on the descent from the Mur de Péguère climb , after carpet tacks were found to be responsible for around thirty punctures on the climb itself . Among those delayed was the defending champion Cadel Evans , who suffered three punctures on the climb and had lost around two minutes before Wiggins called a truce in the main field , allowing the breakaway to finish the stage over eighteen minutes clear of the pack . Following the raid of the team hotel during the first rest day , the second rest day was marked by a positive drugs test by rider Fränk Schleck , the third-placed rider from the 2011 race . Schleck quit the race after traces of xipamide , a banned sulfonamide diuretic drug , were found in the A-sample of his urine , and was later confirmed by the B-sample .

neg: List of teams and cyclists in the 1981 Tour de France For the 1981 Tour de France , in late 1980 , there were plans to make the tour `` open '' , which meant that amateur teams would also be allowed to join . This would make it possible for teams from Eastern Europe to join . The plan did not materialize , so only professional teams were invited .  In January 1981 , the organisation decided that there would be 15 teams with 10 cyclists , or 16 teams with 9 cyclists each . At that point , 16 teams had already submitted a request to join , and the organisation was in discussion with four additional Italian teams , and the American national team .   In the end , the American team did not apply , and the Italian teams decided to focus on the 1981 Giro d'Italia . The organisation selected 15 teams , who each selected 10 cyclists , for a total of 150 participants . The teams were :   Bernard Hinault , the winner of the 1978 and 1979 Tour de France and reigning world champion , was the main favourite . His knee problems , that caused him to leave the 1980 Tour de France , were solved , and he was in form : Hinault had won important races in the spring , and he had skipped the 1981 Giro d'Italia to focus on the Tour .  His main rivals were 1980 Tour de France winner Joop Zoetemelk , 1976 Tour de France winner Lucien Van Impe and Joaquim Agostinho , although they had never been able to beat Hinault when he was in form .   Freddy Maertens , the winner of the points classification in the Tour de France in 1976 and 1978 , had won only three minor races in 1979 and 1980 , but in 1981 he was selected again for the Tour .

neg: 2012 Giro d'Italia The 2012 Giro d'Italia was the 95th edition of Giro d'Italia , one of cycling 's Grand Tours . It started in the Danish city of Herning , and ended in Milan . The complete route of the 2012 Giro d'Italia was announced in mid October . For the first time since the 2007 edition no climbing time trial was included in the route . The colour of the jersey for the mountains classification was changed for this year 's edition from green to blue . The move came at the behest of sponsor Banca Mediolanum , who renewed its support of the mountains classification for a further four years .   The race was won by Canada 's Ryder Hesjedal of , becoming the first Canadian rider to win a Grand Tour event and the second non-European rider to win the Giro ( the first being Andrew Hampsten in 1988 ) ; he also became only the second rider to take the leader 's jersey from another rider on the final day , after Francesco Moser did so in 1984 . Hesjedal won the general classification by 16 seconds over runner-up Joaquim Rodríguez of Spain , representing -- the closest race-winning margin since Eddy Merckx beat Gianbattista Baronchelli by 12 seconds in the 1974 edition -- who also won two stages and the points classification title , edging out sprinter Mark Cavendish by one point . Third place was taken by 's Thomas De Gendt of Belgium , after he put in strong performances on the final two stages of the race ; he won the race 's queen stage , finishing at the high-point of the itinerary , at the Stelvio Pass and also finished in the top five of the time trial . As such , he gained sufficient time to move up from ninth to third over those stages , becoming the first Belgian rider to take a Grand Tour podium since Johan Bruyneel finished third at the 1995 Vuelta a España .   In the race 's other classifications , rider Rigoberto Urán of Colombia finished as the best rider aged 25 or under in the general classification , finishing in seventh place overall ; the mountains competition was won by Italy 's Matteo Rabottini of the team , scoring almost double the number of points that his nearest rival in the standings accrued . Rabottini was the only Italian to feature on the podium , as for the first time since 1995 , no Italian riders finished in the top three overall , as 's Michele Scarponi -- the defending champion -- could only finish fourth overall .


query: King Kong was co-written by a person.

pos: King Kong (2005 film) King Kong is a 2005 epic monster adventure film co-written , produced , and directed by Peter Jackson . A remake of the 1933 film of the same name , the film stars Naomi Watts , Jack Black , Adrien Brody , and , through motion capture , Andy Serkis as the title character . Set in 1933 , King Kong tells the story of an ambitious filmmaker who coerces his cast and hired ship crew to travel to the mysterious Skull Island . There they encounter Kong , a legendary giant gorilla , whom they capture and take to New York City .   Filming for King Kong took place in New Zealand from September 2004 to March 2005 . The project 's budget climbed from an initial $ 150 million to a then-record-breaking $ 207 million . It was released on December 14 , 2005 in Germany and on December 16 in the United States , and made an opening of $ 50.1 million . While it performed lower than expected , King Kong made domestic and worldwide grosses that eventually added up to $ 550 million , becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film in Universal Pictures history . It also generated $ 100 million in DVD sales upon its home video release . The film garnered positive reviews from critics and appeared on several top ten lists for 2005 . It was praised for its special effects , performances , sense of spectacle and comparison to the 1933 original . It won three Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects .

neg: King Kong Song `` King Kong Song '' ( originally `` Mr. Sex '' ) , written and composed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus , is the name of a 1974 recording by Swedish pop group ABBA , included on their album Waterloo . In 1977 , the track was released as a single to coincide with the re-release of the movie King Kong , which charted at # 94 in Australia , where it had previously been the B-side to `` I 've Been Waiting for You '' . It received a substantial amount of unsolicited airplay in Sweden , even though by then three years and two albums had come and gone since its original 1974 conception . The song bears a resemblance to the style of the Beach Boys .   In 1974 , the song competed in the Swedish radio chart show Tio i topp , where it stayed in the charts for four shows and peaked at # 4 . Also in Sweden , `` King Kong Song '' was the B-side to `` Honey , Honey '' .

neg: Theippan Maung Wa Theippan Maung Wa ( သ ပ ပ မ င ဝ -LSB- θḛɪʔpàɴ màʊɴ wa̰ -RSB- 5 June 1899 -- 6 June 1942 ) was a Burmese writer , and one of the pioneers of the Hkit San literary movement . The movement searched for a new style and content in Burmese literature before the Second World War starting with Hkit san ponbyin ( Experimental Tales , 1934 , 1938 ) .

neg: Avery Corman Avery Corman ( born November 28 , 1935 ) is an American novelist .

neg: Peter George (author) Peter Bryan George ( 26 March 1924 -- 1 June 1966 ) was a British author , most famous for the 1958 Cold War thriller novel Red Alert , published initially with the title Two Hours To Doom with the pseudonym Peter Bryant . The book was the inspiration for Stanley Kubrick 's classic movie Dr. Strangelove or : How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb .

neg: King Ink King Ink is a collection of poetry , lyrics , plays and writings by Australian musician and author Nick Cave . It was first published in the United Kingdom by Black Spring Press in 1988 .

neg: Bruce Golden Bruce Edward Golden ( born December 3 , 1952 ) is an American writer of science fiction , a satirist , and a journalist .

neg: Kongo Kong Steven Wilson ( born August 10 , 1979 ) is an American professional wrestler who wrestles under the ring name Kongo Kong .

neg: Leung Man-tao Leung Man-tao ( pinyin : Liang Wendao , born 26 December 1970 ) is a Hong Kong writer , critic and host .

neg: Ty Pak Ty Pak ( born Tae-Yong Pak in 1938 ) is a writer and speaker on Korean/Asian American affairs and literature .

neg: Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .

neg: Daniel Keys Moran Daniel Keys Moran ( born November 30 , 1962 ) , also known by his initials DKM , is an American computer programmer and science fiction writer .

neg: Hsu Li-kong Hsu Li-kong ( ; born 1943 ) is a film producer most famous for co-producing the successful wuxia film Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon ( 2000 ) , which earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture , a BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language as well as an Independent Spirit Award for Best Film . He also won the Golden Horse Award for the film Vive L'Amour ( 1994 ) .

neg: Koh Buck Song Koh Buck Song is the author and editor of more than 25 books . He works as a writer , editor and consultant in branding , communications strategy and corporate social responsibility in Singapore .

neg: Charles K. Eastman Charles Kemper Eastman ( September 18 , 1929 -- July 3 , 2009 ) was an American screenwriter and script doctor . He wrote the screenplay for the 1970 film Little Fauss and Big Halsy ; he wrote and directed The All-American Boy . Charles Eastman died from complications of heart disease in Culver City , California on July 3 , 2009 .

neg: Richard Spence Richard Crighton Spence ( born 1957 ) is a British film director and writer . His works include The New Godzilla and Blind Justice . He is currently working at the COI as a consultant , and teaching video game taste in his spare time .

neg: Crazy Kong For the album by Wild Willy Barrett , released the same year , see Krazy Kong .   is an arcade game created by Falcon , released in 1981 and is similar to Nintendo 's Donkey Kong . Although commonly believed to be a bootleg version , the game was officially licensed for operation in Japan when Nintendo could n't keep up with demand at home ( even though Donkey Kong was still released in Japan ) , and is based on different hardware . The game retains all of the gameplay elements of Donkey Kong , but has all of the graphics redrawn and re-colorized . Crazy Kong is also known as Congorilla , Crazy Kong Part II , Donkey King , and Monkey Donkey .   There are two versions of the original : Crazy Kong and Crazy Kong Part II . The differences between them are in minor cinematic artifacts and bugs , color palette choices and minor gameplay differences . Crazy Kong Part I shows no copyright or company name on the title screen . Crazy Kong ( parts I and II ) runs on modified Crazy Climber hardware . In addition there are other versions of the game that run on Scramble , Jeutel , Orca , and Alca hardware . The official versions of game came in two different stand up cabinets that featured a large and angry , rather than comic , ape embedded in the artwork . The cabinets were created by Zaccaria .

neg: Indian English literature Indian English Literature ( IEL ) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India . Its early history began with the works of R. K. Narayan , Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao who contributed to Indian fiction in the 1930s . It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora , such as V. S. Naipaul , Kiran Desai , Jhumpa Lahiri , Kovid Gupta , Agha Shahid Ali , Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie , who are of Indian descent .   It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature . ( Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with Anglo-Indian ) . As a category , this production comes in the broader realm of postcolonial literature -- the production from previously colonised countries such as India .

neg: Ken Hughes Kenneth Graham `` Ken '' Hughes ( 19 January 1922 -- 28 April 2001 ) was a British film director , writer and producer , who is best known as the co-writer and director of the 1968 children 's film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang .

neg: Barry Wong Barry Wong ( 20 November 1946 -- 16 October 1991 ) , also known as Wong Ping-Yiu , was a Hong Kong screenwriter , film producer and actor . He was hailed as one of the most prolific screenwriters of Hong Kong cinema penning scripts for some of the top filmmakers and actors during the 1980s and early 1990s . Wong died from a heart attack on 16 October 1991 .

neg: Kenneth Lonergan Kenneth Lonergan ( born October 16 , 1962 ) is an American playwright , screenwriter , and director . He is best known for writing Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) and for writing and directing Manchester by the Sea ( 2016 ) . He earned an Academy Award for Best Director nomination for Manchester by the Sea , and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for You Can Count on Me , Gangs of New York and Manchester by the Sea , winning the Oscar for the last at the 89th Academy Awards . He also won the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay for Manchester by the Sea at the 70th British Academy Film Awards .


query: Ben Whishaw was in Suffragette.

pos: Ben Whishaw Benjamin John `` Ben '' Whishaw ( born 14 October 1980 ) is an English actor . He is known for his stage role as Hamlet ; his roles in the television series Nathan Barley , Criminal Justice , The Hour and London Spy ; and film roles including Perfume : The Story of a Murderer ( 2006 ) , I 'm Not There ( 2007 ) , Bright Star ( 2009 ) , Brideshead Revisited ( 2008 ) , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , The Lobster ( 2015 ) , Suffragette ( 2015 ) and The Danish Girl ( 2015 ) . He has also played the role of Q in the James Bond films starting with Skyfall ( 2012 ) , and was the voice of Paddington Bear in the 2014 film , Paddington .

neg: Bonkers (2007 TV series) Bonkers is a UK television series written by Sally Wainwright and starring Liza Tarbuck . It was transmitted on ITV during 2007 . It was also released on DVD .  This series is available on DVD , distributed by Acorn Media UK .   In July 2007 , the playwright and actress Tricia Walsh-Smith filed a claim in the High Court for breach of copyright , claiming that the pilot episode was copied from her 1987 play , also called `` Bonkers '' .

neg: My Little Chickadee My Little Chickadee is a 1940 American comedy-western film starring Mae West and W.C. Fields , and featuring Joseph Calleia , Ruth Donnelly , Margaret Hamilton , Donald Meek , Willard Robertson , Dick Foran , William B. Davidson , and Addison Richards . The film was released by Universal Studios . It was directed by Edward F. Cline . The original music was written by Ben Oakland ( song `` Willie of the Valley '' ) and Frank Skinner .   West reportedly wrote the original screenplay , with Fields contributing one extended scene set in a bar . Universal decided to give the stars equal screenplay credit , perhaps to avoid the appearance of favoritism , but the move incensed West , who declined to re-team with Fields afterwards . The stars spoofed themselves and the Western genre , with West providing a series of her trademark double entendres .

neg: Mary Barr Clay Mary Barr Clay ( October 2 , 1839 -- October 12 , 1924 ) was a leader of the American women 's suffrage movement . She also was known as Mary B. Clay and Mrs. J. Frank Herrick .   The elder daughter of Cassius Marcellus Clay and his wife Mary Jane Warfield , Mary Barr Clay was born on October 2 , 1839 , in Lexington , Kentucky . Clay married John Francis `` Frank '' Herrick , of Cleveland , Ohio , on October 3 , 1866 . The couple had three sons : Cassius Clay Herrick ( July 17 , 1867 - March 1935 ) ; Francis Warfield ( February 9 , 1869 - May 16 , 1919 ) ; and , Green ( August 11 , 1872 - 1948 ? ) . They divorced in 1872 . She then dropped the Herrick name and took back her surname of Clay ; she changed the last names of her two youngest children to Clay also .   In 1878 , Clay 's parents also divorced , leaving her mother Mary Jane Clay homeless after she had managed White Hall , the family estate , for 45 years . This inequality galvanized Clay into joining the women 's rights movement , and she soon brought her three younger sisters with her . Laura Clay , the youngest , also became very active in the movement .   In May 1879 , Mary B. Clay went to St. Louis , Missouri to attend the tenth anniversary of the National Woman Suffrage Association . She soon became a Kentucky delegate for that organization , serving as a vice-president . She was already a Vice President for the American Woman Suffrage Association . There she met Susan B. Anthony and arranged for the suffrage leader to speak in Richmond , Kentucky . Returning home she organized the Fayette County Equal Suffrage Association in 1879 . The next year , she created the Madison County Equal Rights Association . While living in Ann Arbor , Michigan , to educate her two younger sons , she organized a suffrage club there . She became president pro tem of the convention in Flint for the Michigan State Suffrage Association.She also edited a column in the Ann Arbor `` Register and spoke before the senior law class of the University of Michigan on the `` Constitutional Right of Women to Vote . '' She submitted the Kentucky report in Volume 3 of the History of Woman Suffrage : 1876-1885 .   Clay became the first Kentuckian to hold the office of president in a national woman 's organization when she was elected president of the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1883 . Mary B. Clay was also the first Kentucky woman to speak publicly on women 's rights .   She corresponded with Susan B. Anthony , Lucy Stone , Alice Stone Blackwell and other leading suffragists . She is credited with drawing her younger sister Laura Clay into the women 's rights movement . The younger Clay became better known in history as a women 's rights advocate .   Her public life pretty much ended in 1902 , as she dealt with ill health and family obligations . Clay died on October 12 , 1924 , and she is interred at Lexington Cemetery .

neg: Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war .   Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .

neg: Elizabeth Lyle Saxon Elizabeth Lyle Saxon ( 1832 -- 1915 ) was a writer and a late 19th and early 20th century advocate of women 's rights . She reached national recognition as one of the key pioneer suffragettes of the South , making numerous appeals to the federal government to recognize women 's right to vote .

neg: Gandhi (film) Gandhi is a 1982 British-Indian epic biographical drama film which dramatises the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , the leader of India 's non-violent , non-cooperative independence movement against the United Kingdom 's rule of the country during the 20th century . Gandhi was written by John Briley and produced and directed by Richard Attenborough . It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role . The film covers Gandhi 's life from a defining moment in 1893 , as he is thrown off a South African train for being in a whites-only compartment , and concludes with his assassination and funeral in 1948 . Although a practising Hindu , Gandhi 's embracing of other faiths , particularly Christianity and Islam , is also depicted .   Gandhi was released in India on 30 November 1982 , in the United Kingdom on 3 December , and in the United States on 10 December . It was nominated for Academy Awards in eleven categories , winning eight , including Best Picture and Best Director for Attenborough , Best Actor for Ben Kingsley , and Best Original Screenplay for Briley . The film was screened retrospective on 12 August 2016 as the Opening Film at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense , commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day . The screenplay of Gandhi is available as a published book .

neg: Pride and Prejudice (1958 TV series) Pride and Prejudice is a 1958 British television adaptation of the novel of the same name , which aired on the BBC . Cast included Alan Badel , Pamela Binns , Jane Downs , Susan Lyall Grant , Marian Spencer , Vivienne Martin , Hugh Sinclair , William Squire , Joan Carol , Jeanne Elvin , Colin Jeavons , Barbara New , and Greta Watson . Six half-hour episodes were produced , presumably aired live ( since that was usually the case with BBC drama of the era ) , and telerecorded for overseas broadcast . All six episodes are believed to be lost .  The designer was Stephen Bundy , adaptation by Cedric Wallis and the producer was Barbara Burnham .

neg: Henry W. Lee Henry W. Lee , often known as H. W. Lee ( 10 July 1865 -- 5 March 1932 ) was a prominent British socialist .   Born in London , Lee worked in the printing industry , then joined the Social Democratic Federation ( SDF ) soon after its foundation . He became the full-time Assistant Secretary of the party in 1885 and soon after became its General Secretary . He held this position until the organisation dissolved itself into the new British Socialist Party . Again appointed the Secretary , he held the post for only two years , in 1913 taking over from Harry Quelch as editor of Justice .   Lee supported British involvement World War I , alongside such prominent party members as H. M. Hyndman and Will Thorne . However , this proved to be a minority position in the party , and Lee was a member of the right-wing split of 1916 which founded the National Socialist Party . This group opposed the October Revolution , and Lee wrote a pamphlet entitled `` Bolshevism : A Curse and Danger to the Workers '' .   Lee stepped down from his editorial post in 1923 , but remained on the national executive of the associated group , now again known as the `` Social Democratic Federation '' . He spent his last years working at the headquarters of the Trades Union Congress .   In 1935 , Lee 's Social-Democracy in Britain , a history of the movement to date , was published .

neg: William David Upshaw William David Upshaw ( October 15 , 1866 -- November 21 , 1952 ) served eight years in Congress ( 1919 -- 1927 ) , where he was such a strong proponent of the temperance movement that he became known as the `` driest of the drys . '' .   He was born on October 15 , 1866 and served as vice-president of the Georgia Anti-Saloon League in 1906 and played a major role in passage of statewide prohibition in that state in 1907 , making it the first dry state in the South .   The defense of prohibition was a major factor in the establishment of the second Ku Klux Klan ( `` Klan of the 1920s '' ) in 1915 . However , Upshaw was not sympathetic with the Klan , and , on one occasion , ran against a Klan-supported candidate for public office .   Known as the `` Billy Sunday of Congress , '' Upshaw was supported politically by the most powerful names in Southern Protestantism , including evangelist Bob Jones , Sr. , the founder of what eventually became Bob Jones University . Upshaw served as a member of the Board of Trustees from the founding of Bob Jones College in Lynn Haven , Florida in 1927 until he was dropped from the Board in 1932 because of failure to attend the annual Board meetings or file his voting proxies . ( See William David Upshaw Correspondence file , Bob Jones University Archives , Mack Library . )   In 1932 , he was the Prohibition Party candidate for the President of the United States with Frank S. Regan as his running mate . The ticket came in fifth , losing to Franklin D. Roosevelt ( who favored repeal of prohibition ) , incumbent Republican President Herbert Hoover , Socialist candidate Norman Thomas , and Communist candidate William Z. Foster .   For the remainder of his life he was a strong supporter of the prohibition of alcoholic beverages .   In February 1951 at the age of 84 Upshaw claimed he was supernaturally and miraculously healed after being crippled for 66 years in a William Branham Healing Service . He died on November 21 , 1952 .

neg: Winifred Horrabin Winifred Horrabin , née Batho ( 1887-1971 ) , was a British socialist activist and journalist .   She was born in Sheffield , South Yorkshire , on 9 August 1887 , daughter of Arthur John Batho , a postal telegraph clerk , and his wife Lilian , née Outram . She was the fourth of six children , three of whom died in infancy . The family were members of The Wicker Congregational Church . Her father died in May 1891 , in Graaff-Reinet , South Africa , where he was seeking treatment for his tuberculosis .   Winifred began attending the Sheffield School of Art in 1907 , where she met her future husband , the political activist , cartographer and cartoonist Frank Horrabin . She had a political awakening while a student , influenced by the South African socialist and feminist Olive Schreiner . She joined the Women 's Social and Political Union , a militant group campaigning for women 's suffrage led by Emmeline Pankhurst , and in 1909 disrupted a speech by Winston Churchill with the suffragette cry `` Votes for women ! ''   She and Horrabin married on 11 August 1911 , and they moved to London the same year . In 1912 she delivered a paper , `` Is Woman 's Place the Home ? '' , to the Fabian Society , arguing that the liberation of women from economic slavery depended on the destruction of private property . She and her husband were involved in the Central Labour College , and in 1913 Winifred set up a Women 's League to focus on the education of female workers . In 1915 , inspired by the art of William Morris , she became a guild socialist . She was honorary secretary of The Plebs ' League , and contributed to The Plebs , the League 's journal , which her husband edited . She became a founder member of the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1920 . She and her husband collaborated on a book , Working Class Education , published in 1924 .   In 1926 she travelled to the Soviet Union , where she met N. K. Krupskaya and visited Lenin 's tomb . Her trip appears to have been organised by the Society for Cultural Relations with the USSR . She also visited Poland and witnessed a mass trial of political dissidents .   In 1932 her brother Harold died from wounds sustained in the First World War , and she made an anti-war speech to the National Conference of Labour Women , arguing that the working classes should reject employment in munitions factories , even if it meant starvation . The Horrabins were involved in setting up the Socialist League , a left-wing faction within the Labour Party led by Stafford Cripps , in 1932 , and it was Winifred who named it , after the original Socialist League , founded by William Morris . It took anti-war , anti-fascist and pro-nationalisation positions , but only lasted until 1937 , when the Labour Party declared that membership was incompatible with membership of the Party . She began reviewing books and films for Tribune in 1937 , continuing to do so until 1948 . She also wrote for the political magazine Time and Tide and had a weekly column in the Manchester Evening News from 1944 under the pseudonym Freda Wynne .   In 1938 her mother died , and she was diagnosed with an ovarian cyst , undergoing a hysterectomy the following year . Her husband , who had been having a long-term affair with his secretary , Margaret McWilliams , asked for a separation in 1942 and they divorced in 1947 . In her later years she compiled a collection of autobiographical essays , The Summer of a Dormouse , and wrote a novel , After Which War ? , but did not publish them . Other unpublished works included a play , Victorian Love Story : Beloved Good , about Thomas Carlyle and his wife Jane , and a biography of Olive Schreiner . She died at her home in Dorking , Surrey , on 24 June 1971 , and was cremated at Randall 's Park crematorium , Leatherhead , on 30 June . Her papers are held by the University of Hull .

neg: The Woman in the Hall The Woman in the Hall is a 1947 British drama film , directed by Jack Lee , with a screenplay by Jack Lee , Ian Dalrymple and Gladys Bronwyn Stern , from Stern 's novel . It was released in 1947 . `` A studio bound melodrama , it seems atypical of Lee 's later films , but the struggles of an individual to achieve a goal and through that struggle develop into a better person was a recurrent theme . '' The film features the screen debut of future television star Susan Hampshire .

neg: Mary Ann M'Clintock Mary Ann M'Clintock is best known for her role in the formation of the women 's suffrage movement , as well as abolitionism . She was married to Thomas M'Clintock and they were both invested in their Quaker backgrounds , and social reform . Thomas provided for their four daughters and their son by working as a druggist and minister . From the beginning of their marriage in 1820 the lived in Philadelphia until 1836 when they moved to Waterloo , NY . By 1833 Marry Ann was very active in the anti-slavery movements in Philadelphia and was one of the founding members of the anti-slavery society . She worked closely with abolitionist Lucretia Mott . Once moved to Waterloo , Mary Ann took a more active role in the women 's suffragist movement . Mary Ann had a hand in organizing the Seneca Falls Convention , held in July 1848 . She and her daughters Elizabeth and Mary Ann also attended the convention and signed the declaration of sentiments . The base of the convention was to present the Declaration of Sentiments , this document drafted by women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott at the kitchen table of Mary Ann M'Clintock and outlines equal opportunities among men and women . The Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after the Declaration of Independence and was the fuel that started the fire that was the suffragist movement which lasted until 1920 . However , Mary Ann never got to vote . In 1856 She retired back to Philadelphia and died in 1884 at the age of 84 .

neg: Campaign for the Feminine Woman The Campaign for the Feminine Woman ( CFW ) was an organisation in Edwardian England , opposing suffrage for women .   In November 1978 , an organisation of the same name was re-established in the United Kingdom by David Stayt . In February 1985 , it was renamed Concern for Family and Womanhood , but retained `` Campaign for the Feminine Woman '' as a subtitle . A Christian-based organisation , it campaigned for traditional gender differences and roles to be re-established , supported wives remaining at home to look after the household and the children and submitting to their husband as the head of the household , and opposed married women obtaining jobs ( claiming these would be better given to unemployed men ) or any women working in jobs such as the armed forces or frontline policing . It also considered it `` fundamentally unnatural to put women over men '' and therefore considered women should not be in managerial roles or positions of power in the country . It opposed feminism , abortion , promiscuity , and homosexuality , which it considered could be `` cured '' .

neg: Cicely Hale Cicely Hale ( 1884 -- 1981 ) was an English suffragette , health visitor , and author . In 1908 , having been inspired by hearing Christabel Pankhurst and Emmeline Pankhurst speak , she became an assistant to Mary Howe in the information department at the Women 's Social and Political Union headquarters . While there she offered a news-cutting and research service , and in 1912 she became in charge of the department . She also typeset The Suffragette ( eventually renamed The Britannia ) until 1916 , when her father retired and she was thus left without a home or an allowance . She then trained as a health visitor , as well as obtaining training for the certificate of the Central Midwives ' Board . She eventually became health visitor superintendent of the Salisbury Street clinic , holding the job for sixteen years . For nine years she wrote a weekly column about babies for the Woman 's Own magazine . She also wrote the book Can I Help you with Baby ? , which had three editions . In 1947 she met Mary Cuningham Chater , who was the music adviser to the Girl Guides Association , and she herself subsequently became division secretary to the Arun Valley Guides , as well as helping to assemble the International Song Books , running a Brownie group , and acting as camp nurse for three summers . She published her memoir in 1975 , and after that spoke on the radio , in schools , and on television as one of a few living suffragettes .   She lived with policewoman Ann Campbell for twenty years . Ann died in 1941 , and Cicely later lived in Mary Cuningham Chater 's home from 1950 to 1965 , after which they obtained homes next to each other .

neg: Ishia Bennison Ishia Bennison is a British actress , best known for her television appearances , although she is also a veteran stage actress . Bennison is originally from Hull in Yorkshire .

neg: Mary Elizabeth Phillips (suffragette) Mary Elizabeth Phillips ( 15 July 1880 - 21 June 1969 ) was a suffragette , feminist and socialist .

neg: Fawcett Society The Fawcett Society is an organisation in the United Kingdom that campaigns for women 's rights . The organisation 's roots date back to 1866 , when Millicent Garrett Fawcett dedicated her life to the peaceful campaign for women 's suffrage .   It is a charity registered with the Charity Commission and has a membership of around 3,000 alongside some high-profile supporters such as Jenni Murray , Bill Bailey , Kate Mosse , Josie Long and Patrick Stewart .   The organisation states that it campaigns on `` women 's representation in politics and public life ; pay , pensions and poverty ; valuing caring work ; and the treatment of women in the justice system '' . It uses `` independent research and evidence to better understand key issues and generate media coverage , reports and briefings that both increase awareness and put pressure on powerful policy and decision makers to act . ''   There are autonomous , self managed , regional Fawcett Society groups which work in their local areas , from East London to Bristol to safeguard the rights of women .   The library and archives of the Society , formerly the Fawcett Library , are now part of the Women 's Library at the British Library of Political and Economic Science , the main library of the London School of Economics and Political Science .

neg: Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald .   Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour .   As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) .   Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .

neg: Mrs. Harris Mrs. Harris is a 2005 American-British drama film written and directed by Phyllis Nagy . The teleplay , based on the book Very Much a Lady by Shana Alexander , focuses on the tempestuous relationship between Herman Tarnower , noted cardiologist and author of the New York Times bestseller The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet , and headmistress Jean Harris . Produced by Killer Films , Number 9 Films , and John Wells for HBO Films , it premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 16 , 2005 , before its broadcast on HBO on February 25 , 2006 .   The film stars Annette Bening as Jean Harris , Ben Kingsley as Herman Tarnower , Cloris Leachman as Tarnower 's sister , and Chloë Sevigny as his secretary and lover . The film also features a cameo performance by Ellen Burstyn as one of Tarnower 's previous girlfriends ; Burstyn played Jean Harris in the made-for-television movie , The People vs. Jean Harris ( 1981 ) .

neg: Susan B. Anthony Susan Brownell Anthony ( February 15 , 1820 -- March 13 , 1906 ) was an American social reformer and women 's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women 's suffrage movement . Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality , she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17 . In 1856 , she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society .   In 1851 , she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton , who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activities , primarily in the field of women 's rights . In 1852 , they founded the New York Women 's State Temperance Society after Anthony was prevented from speaking at a temperance conference because she was female . In 1863 , they founded the Women 's Loyal National League , which conducted the largest petition drive in United States history up to that time , collecting nearly 400,000 signatures in support of the abolition of slavery . In 1866 , they initiated the American Equal Rights Association , which campaigned for equal rights for both women and African Americans . In 1868 , they began publishing a women 's rights newspaper called The Revolution . In 1869 , they founded the National Woman Suffrage Association as part of a split in the women 's movement . In 1890 , the split was formally healed when their organization merged with the rival American Woman Suffrage Association to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association , with Anthony as its key force . In 1876 , Anthony and Stanton began working with Matilda Joslyn Gage on what eventually grew into the six-volume History of Woman Suffrage . The interests of Anthony and Stanton diverged somewhat in later years , but the two remained close friends .   In 1872 , Anthony was arrested for voting in her hometown of Rochester , New York , and convicted in a widely publicized trial . Although she refused to pay the fine , the authorities declined to take further action . In 1878 , Anthony and Stanton arranged for Congress to be presented with an amendment giving women the right to vote . Popularly known as the Anthony Amendment and introduced by Sen. Aaron A. Sargent ( R-CA ) , it became the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920 .   Anthony traveled extensively in support of women 's suffrage , giving as many as 75 to 100 speeches per year and working on many state campaigns . She worked internationally for women 's rights , playing a key role in creating the International Council of Women , which is still active . She also helped to bring about the World 's Congress of Representative Women at the World 's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 .   When she first began campaigning for women 's rights , Anthony was harshly ridiculed and accused of trying to destroy the institution of marriage . Public perception of her changed radically during her lifetime , however . Her 80th birthday was celebrated in the White House at the invitation of President William McKinley . She became the first actual woman to be depicted on U.S. coinage when her portrait appeared on the 1979 dollar coin .