query: Paul McCartney married multiple times.

pos: Paul McCartney Sir James Paul McCartney , ( born 18 June 1942 ) is an English singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , and composer . He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles , widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music . His songwriting partnership with John Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era . After the band 's break-up , he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife , Linda , and Denny Laine .   McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time . More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song `` Yesterday '' , making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history . Wings ' 1977 release `` Mull of Kintyre '' is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK . A two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ( as a member of the Beatles in 1988 , and as a solo artist in 1999 ) , and a 21-time Grammy Award winner , McCartney has written , or co-written , 32 songs that have reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 , and he has 25.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States . McCartney , Lennon , Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in 1965 , and in 1997 , McCartney was knighted for services to music .   McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music . He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to such subjects as animal rights , seal hunting , land mines , vegetarianism , poverty , and music education . He has married three times and is the father of five children .

neg: St Paul's Cathedral St Paul 's Cathedral , London , is an Anglican cathedral , the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the Diocese of London . It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade 1 listed building . Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site , founded in AD 604 . The present cathedral , dating from the late 17th century , was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren . Its construction , completed in Wren 's lifetime , was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London .   The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London . Its dome , framed by the spires of Wren 's City churches , dominated the skyline for 300 years . At 365 ft high , it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1967 . The dome is among the highest in the world . St Paul 's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom after Liverpool Cathedral .   St Paul 's Cathedral occupies a significant place in the national identity . It is the central subject of much promotional material , as well as of images of the dome surrounded by the smoke and fire of the Blitz . Services held at St Paul 's have included the funerals of Lord Nelson , the Duke of Wellington , Sir Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher ; jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria ; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars ; the wedding of Charles , Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer ; the launch of the Festival of Britain ; and the thanksgiving services for the Silver , Golden and Diamond Jubilees and the 80th and 90th birthdays of Elizabeth II .   St Paul 's Cathedral is a working church with hourly prayer and daily services . The tourist entry fee at the door is # 18 for adults ( March 2017 , cheaper online ) , but no charge is made to worshippers .

neg: Let's Get Married Let 's Get Married may refer to :

neg: The Greatest Hits (Lulu album) The Greatest Hits is a 2003 Lulu album charting her 40-year career in music from 1964 's UK top-ten hit `` Shout '' through 2002 's `` We 've Got Tonight , '' a UK top-five duet with Ronan Keating . It also covers everything in between , including her 1967 US 1 Hit `` To Sir With Love '' , the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest winner `` Boom Bang-a-Bang '' , the 1974 James Bond theme `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' , and the 1993 UK No. 1 Hit `` Relight My Fire '' ( a duet with Take That ) .   The album combines her UK hits such as `` The Boat That I Row '' and `` The Man Who Sold The World '' , as well as her successful singles in the US like `` Oh Me Oh My ( I 'm A Fool For You Baby ) '' and `` I Could Never Miss You ( More Than I Do ) '' . Tracks from her 2002 album Together are also featured , including duets with Elton John and Sting . The final track , `` First Of May '' is a duet with her former husband Maurice Gibb , taken from her `` An Audience With Lulu '' ITV television special , making it the only song which debuted on the CD .

neg: Fireman Radio Fireman Radio was a limited-run channel on Sirius XM Radio , devoted to the music of Paul McCartney . The channel aired from February 14-March 13 , 2009 on Sirius channel 33 and XM channel 27 , temporarily pre-empting the soft-rock channel The Bridge .   The commercial-free Fireman Radio was launched in celebration of McCartney 's new album , Electric Arguments , and featured music from the records of McCartney himself , Wings , and the three albums created by the Fireman , as well as some surprises . It also featured a new , in-depth interview with McCartney and periodic `` fireside chats , '' where the singer would speak his thoughts on cultural matters like politics , current events , music , and other assorted topics .   Sirius XM also featured exclusive video clips from the McCartney interview on the Fireman Radio website .

neg: Linda McCartney Linda Louise , Lady McCartney ( née Eastman ; formerly See ; September 24 , 1941 -- April 17 , 1998 ) was an American musician , photographer , animal rights activist , entrepreneur and publisher who was married to Paul McCartney of the Beatles . Prior to marrying Paul , she was a professional photographer of celebrities and contemporary musicians , with her work published in music industry magazines . Her photos were also published in the book Linda McCartney 's Sixties : Portrait of an Era , in 1992 .   Linda married McCartney in 1969 at St John 's Wood Church in London . Her daughter , Heather Louise , from her first marriage to Melville See , was adopted by her new husband . Together , the McCartneys had three other children .   In 1971 , after they married and following the break-up of the Beatles the previous year , Paul and Linda McCartney recorded the album Ram . Shortly afterwards , they formed the band Wings . She continued to be part of her husband 's touring band following Wings ' break-up in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993 .   She was an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks , and founded the Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband .   In 1995 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease in 1998 at the age of 56 .

neg: A Leaf A Leaf is a classical piece written by Paul McCartney , with assistance from John Fraser , and performed by Anya Alexeyev on piano . The piece is split into 7 parts . The piece was recorded live in front of Prince Charles as part of the `` An Evening with Paul McCartney & Friends '' concert on 23 March 1995 at Royal College of Music , while it was debuted on US radio as part of a radio special , titled Classical McCartney .   An attempted orchestrated version was recorded on 23 July 1996 , at AIR Studios , in London . An extended version , performed by the London Symphony Orchestra , appears on McCartney 's 1999 album , Working Classical .

neg: John Paul (given name) John Paul may refer to :   John Paul Jones ( disambiguation )  John Paul Stevens , US Supreme Court Justice  John Paul Young , Scottish born Australian singer  John Paul Getty , Jr. .  John Paul Getty III  lists many more

neg: The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 .   The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album .   The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . ''   Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album .   Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .

neg: Yoko Ono Yoko Ono ( born February 18 , 1933 ) is a Japanese multimedia artist , singer , songwriter , and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking . She performs in both English and Japanese . She is the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles .   Ono grew up in Tokyo and studied at Gakushuin . She withdrew from her course after two years and rejoined her family in New York in 1953 . She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College , and then became involved in New York City 's downtown artists scene , including the Fluxus group . She first met Lennon in 1966 at her own art exhibition in London , and they became a couple in 1968 . With their performance Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal in 1969 , Ono and Lennon famously used their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War . She brought feminism to the forefront in her music , influencing artists as diverse as the B-52s and Meredith Monk . Ono achieved commercial and critical acclaim in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy , a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his death .   Public appreciation of Ono 's work has shifted over time , helped by a retrospective at a Whitney Museum branch in 1989 and the 1992 release of the six-disc box set Onobox . Retrospectives of her artwork have also been presented at the Japan Society in New York City in 2001 , in Bielefeld , Germany , and the UK in 2008 , Frankfurt , and Bilbao , Spain , in 2013 and MOMA in New York City in 2015 . She received a Golden Lion Award for lifetime achievement from the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the 2012 Oskar Kokoschka Prize , Austria 's highest award for applied contemporary art .   As Lennon 's widow , Ono works to preserve his legacy . She funded Strawberry Fields in Manhattan 's Central Park , the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland , and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama , Japan ( which closed in 2010 ) . She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts , peace , Philippine and Japan disaster relief , and other causes . In 2012 Yoko Ono received the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt . The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary , non-violent commitment to human rights . Ono continues her social activism , inaugurating a biennial $ 50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace in 2002 and co-founding the group Artists Against Fracking in 2012 . She has a daughter , Kyoko Chan Cox , from her marriage to Anthony Cox and a son , Sean Taro Ono Lennon , from her marriage to Lennon . She collaborates musically with Sean Lennon .

neg: Michelle (song) `` Michelle '' is a love ballad by the Beatles , composed principally by Paul McCartney , with the middle eight co-written with John Lennon . It is featured on their Rubber Soul album , released in December 1965 . The song is unique among Beatles recordings in that some of its lyrics are in French . `` Michelle '' won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1967 and has since become one of the best known and often recorded of all Beatles songs .

neg: Barbara Bach Barbara Bach ( born Barbara Goldbach ; August 27 , 1947 ) is an American actress and model who played the Bond girl Anya Amasova in the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me ( 1977 ) as well as the spy Maritza Petrović in Force 10 from Navarone ( 1978 ) . She married Ringo Starr , former member of the Beatles , in 1981 .

neg: Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made .   Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances .   McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line .   The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .

neg: Maybe I'm Amazed `` Maybe I 'm Amazed '' is a song written by Paul McCartney that was first released on his 1970 album McCartney . McCartney dedicated the song to his wife , Linda , who had helped him get through the break-up of the Beatles .   Although the original recording has never been released as a single , a live performance by McCartney 's later band Wings , from the live album Wings over America , was . This version became a top-ten hit in the United States and reached number 28 in the United Kingdom .   In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine ranked `` Maybe I 'm Amazed '' number 347 on its `` 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' list .

neg: Only Love Remains `` Only Love Remains '' is the fourth single from Paul McCartney 's 1986 album , Press to Play . The song reached number 34 on the UK singles chart .

neg: Bad to Me `` Bad to Me '' is a song credited to Lennon -- McCartney . In late interviews , John Lennon said that he wrote it for Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas while on holiday in Spain . However , in a 1964 interview he said that he and Paul McCartney wrote it in the back of a van , so Paul contributed to it . Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas released their recording of the song in 1963 and it became their first number 1 in the UK Singles Chart . Paul McCartney was present during the recording session at Abbey Road Studios . The single would be released in the US the following year , and become a top-ten hit there , reaching number 9 . It became one of the first occasions a Lennon -- McCartney composition made the US Top 40 recorded by an artist other than the Beatles ( the first being `` A World Without Love '' by Peter & Gordon ; another being `` Goodbye '' by Mary Hopkin ) .   Bootlegs exist of Lennon 's original demo of the song , which was recorded on 31 May 1963 . An acoustic demo from the same era was released on iTunes in December 2013 on the album The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963 .   Terry Black released a version of the song on his 1965 debut album , Only 16 .   Graham Parker recorded a version of the song for the 2003 album Lost Songs of Lennon & McCartney , new versions of 17 Lennon -- McCartney songs that were originally released by other artists . Leif Garrett also recorded a version of the song for his self-titled debut album . Finnish rock band Hurriganes covered this song in their third album , Crazy Days .   Recordings of `` Bad to Me '' as the Beatles may have performed it are available on the 1989 album by Bas Muys entitled Secret Songs : Lennon & McCartney and on the 1998 release It 's Four You by the Australian tribute band The Beatnix .

neg: C'Mon People `` C'Mon People '' is a single from Paul McCartney 's 1993 album , Off the Ground . The song reached number 41 on the UK singles chart .  McCartney recorded the song for the UK music programme Top Of The Pops .   The video for the single was directed by ex-10cc member Kevin Godley and shows McCartney at the piano singing the song while workmen speedily deconstruct it and re-build it around him .   The song was a staple of McCartney 's 1993 World Tour .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group .   The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .

neg: Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes .   `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .

neg: Jesse McCartney Jesse McCartney ( born April 9 , 1987 ) is an American actor , singer and songwriter . McCartney achieved fame in the late 1990s on the daytime drama All My Children as JR Chandler . He later joined boy band Dream Street , and eventually branched out into a solo musical career . Additionally , McCartney has appeared on shows such as Law & Order : SVU , Summerland , and Greek . McCartney also is known for lending his voice as Theodore in Alvin and the Chipmunks and its sequels , as well as voicing Robin/Nightwing in Young Justice and Roxas and Ventus in the video game series Kingdom Hearts developed by Square Enix .


query: Kaitlin Olson did not begin her career in an improvisational group.

pos: Kaitlin Olson Kaitlin Willow Olson ( born August 18 , 1975 ) is an American actress and comedian . She began her career in the Groundlings , an improvisational group in Los Angeles , California , and had minor roles in several television series before being cast as Deandra `` Sweet Dee '' Reynolds on the FX black comedy series It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia in 2005 .   Olson has also appeared in film , with roles in Leap Year ( 2010 ) , The Heat ( 2013 ) , and also provided the voice for Destiny in Finding Dory ( 2016 ) . Beginning in 2017 , she stars as Mickey on the Fox comedy series The Mick .

neg: Guitar technician A guitar technician ( or ` guitar tech ' ) is a member of a music ensemble 's road crew who maintains and sets up the musical equipment for one or more guitarists . Depending on the type and size of band , the guitar tech may be responsible for stringing , tuning , and adjusting electric guitars and acoustic guitars , and maintaining and setting up guitar amplifiers and other related electronic equipment such as effect pedals .   Once the guitar equipment has been set up onstage , the guitar tech does a soundcheck to ensure that the equipment is working well . If there are any problems , the guitar tech replaces or repairs the faulty components or equipment . Since guitar techs need to soundcheck the instruments and amplifiers , they must have basic guitar-playing skills , a musical `` ear '' for tuning , and a familiarity with the way guitars , amplifiers , and effect pedals are supposed to sound in the style of music of their band .   Guitar techs learn their craft either `` on the job '' , by working in a range of music , sound engineering , and instrument repair jobs ; by completing a guitar repair program at a college or lutherie school ; or from a combination of these two routes . The salaries and conditions of work for guitar techs vary widely , depending on whether a guitar tech is working for a minor or regional touring bar band or a major international touring act .

neg: Guckenheimer Sour Kraut Band The Guckenheimer Sour Kraut Band was a humorous musical group of amateur musicians living in the San Francisco , California , area who played a repertoire of polkas and light classical music while adopting a persona of mild confusion and wearing self-created uniforms once described as rejects from the Franco-Prussian War . The group originally formed one Christmas season in 1949 to play carols in Sausalito , California , and someone brought a book of polka music , possibly one of the `` Hungry Five '' books by Harry L. Alford whose music became a basic part of the Guckenheimer repertoire . The group became increasingly popular in northern California , often invited to play at wine festivals and openings and in later years for such august occasions as opening night of the San Francisco Symphony .   Although all were business professionals , the group joined Local 6 of the American Federation of Musicians and became `` professional musicians '' when they were invited by San Francisco Records to make its first record album , `` Oom-Pah-Pah In Hi-Fi '' -- described on its front cover as `` The sourest German village band music ever ! '' Although the group played for laughs , all its members were quite adequate musicians , some of them very good . The occasional native German-born listener would often remark on the Guckenheimers ' similarity to actual village bands back in the old country . The village band sound was authentic enough RCA Victor signed the group to record a second album , `` Sour Kraut In Hi Fi '' ( LPM-1453 )   The name of the group was taken from an obscure brand of whiskey and adopted by the group 's leader , Richard B. Gump , who took on the persona of Herr Doktor Fritz Guckenheimer , Kapellmeister . All of the other band members adopted names that were some variant of Schmidt .  Gump was a San Francisco art dealer and owner of Gump 's store in downtown San Francisco , which was also the recording location of their best known record album for RCA Victor Records `` Music For Non-Thinkers '' ( LSP/LPM 1721 ) , which was recorded on Sunday , December 29 , 1957 , in stereo . It was released in 1958 . It was re-released on an unknown date , and kept the original stereo catalog number , but adopted a new per-side catalog number as well , J2PY-2451 / J2PY-2452 .

neg: Ousia (band) Ousia is a music ensemble from Minneapolis , Minnesota . The group classifies their music ( a mixture of ambient , noise , and space rock ) as `` Snowbient . '' Their current instrumentation consists of two guitars , bass , and synthesizers . Musically , their compositions are constructed around keys and dynamics , rather than a traditional `` verse / bridge / chorus '' musical form . A consistent approach involving improvisation and `` live '' recordings , minimizes the difference between their performances and CD releases . Ousia have performed with The Flaming Lips , Laibach , Third Eye Foundation , Windy and Carl , as well as headlining their own shows .

neg: Charlie Parker Omnibook The Charlie Parker Omnibook is a collection of transcriptions of recordings by the saxophonist Charlie Parker . It is available for E-flat , B-flat , C and bass-clef instruments . It includes 60 pieces , transcribed by Jamey Aebersold and Ken Slone , information about the records , and practice suggestions .   Charlie Parker lived from 1920 to 1955 and was one of the pioneers of the Bebop style of jazz . This idiom is characterized by fast tempos , instrumental virtuosity , and improvisation over set harmonic structures . Parker 's style of playing and his harmonic treatment particularly in improvisation continues to be influential across multiple genres and instruments . In particular , he innovated rapid passing chords , new variants of altered chords , and chord substitutions . His realization that the 12 notes of the chromatic scale can lead melodically to any key led to him escaping from the confines of previously practiced improvisation methods .   The Omnibook has become a major reference for students of jazz improvisation in many genres of jazz music not just bebop . Portions of Parker 's improvised solos continue to be quoted by other improvising jazz musicians today . The transcriptions are not intended to be studied by saxophonists new to the instrument but rather by advanced students with some prior jazz idiom knowledge and considerable instrumental skill . Very few articulation marks are notated .

neg: Bill Orcutt Bill Orcutt ( born February 2 , 1962 ) is an American guitarist and composer whose work combines elements of blues , punk , and free improvisation .

neg: Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama .   There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes .   The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director .   Category : Occupations in music

neg: Improvisational theatre Improvisational theatre , often called improv or impro , is the form of theatre , often comedy , in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted : created spontaneously by the performers . In its purest form , the dialogue , action , story , and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time , without use of an already prepared , written script .   Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances . It is sometimes used in film and television , both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product .   Improvisational techniques are often used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage , film , and television and can be an important part of the rehearsal process . However , the skills and processes of improvisation are also used outside of the context of performing arts . It is used in classrooms as an educational tool and in businesses as a way to develop communication skills , creative problem solving , and supportive team-work abilities that are used by improvisational , ensemble players . It is sometimes used in psychotherapy as a tool to gain insight into a person 's thoughts , feelings , and relationships .

neg: Ensemble Studio Theatre The Ensemble Studio Theatre is a non-profit membership-based developmental theatre located in New York City . It has a dual mission of nurturing individual theatre artists and developing new American plays .

neg: The San Francisco Improv Alliance Started in 2005 by Shaun Landry , artistic director of Oui Be Negroes , The San Francisco Improv Alliance is a group of actors dedicated to Improvisational Theater . The Alliance offers performance opportunities to upcoming ensembles , stages self-produced shows , co-production of pre-established ensembles , master class workshops and national ensembles and community outreach in the field of improvisational theatre .   The San Francisco Improv Talent Pool also offers improvisational actors a chance at paying work in the craft of improvisational theater through educational , corporate , film , radio and television events .   In 2007 the Alliance has expanded out its community resources to improvisers with the city of San Francisco , The County of Alameda for work with The San Francisco Family Festival and Public Service Announcements for The Department of Public Health , providing talented improvisers for these worthy organizations .   The Alliance has also doubled its corporate and film bookings in 2007 with major institutions including Major League Baseball .   The Improv Alliance is also the producer of The San Francisco Improv Festival . Beginning in 2003 ( with improviser Sam Shaw ) , the SFIF has had thousands of audience members attend improvisational theater and learn from master class teachers including Mick Napier , David Razowsky , and Ian Roberts . It is one of the few improvisational Theater Festivals that pays its ensembles to perform . Starting as a 12-week event , The festival now runs over a seven-week span , making it still `` The Longest Running Improv Festival in the Country '' .   Sam Shaw left the San Francisco Improv Festival in June 2005 giving all rights and entities to the business of The San Francisco Improv Festival ( SFIF ) to Landry . In 2007 , Clay Robeson and Hans Summers are now Associate Producers along with Ms. Landry .

neg: Backing vocalist Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists . In some cases , a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist 's entry or to sing a counter-melody . Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music , traditional music and world music styles .   Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts . In many rock and metal bands ( e.g. , the power trio ) , the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments , such as guitar , electric bass , drums , or keyboards . In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups , backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing . In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater , the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones .   The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song and the genre of music the band plays . In pop and country songs , backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist . In hardcore punk or rockabilly , other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus ( refrain ) section of the songs .

neg: Andy Offutt Irwin Andy Offutt Irwin ( born 1957 ) is an American storyteller , arts educator , singer-songwriter and humorist . Born and raised in Covington , Georgia , a small town outside of Atlanta , Irwin began his career in 1984 with an improvisational comedy troupe at Walt Disney World . After five years he shifted to performing as a singer-songwriter , touring the Southeast . In the mid-1990s , Irwin branched into performances for children and since then has appeared in hundreds of schools ( from preschools to colleges ) and countless public libraries .   Irwin continued to perform as a singer-songwriter and added storytelling to these performances , usually telling one story ( about ten to twenty-five minutes in length ) during a show . In the fall of 2004 he decided to pursue storytelling as a career and quickly achieved national prominence . Irwin now appears regularly in storytelling festivals across the United States . He has released several albums which feature stories , songs or whistling and has collected numerous awards for these albums . In 2013 , Irwin received the Circle of Excellence Award from the National Storytelling Network .   In addition to performing , Irwin worked as an artist-in-residence at Oxford College of Emory University and Georgia College for a total of fifteen years . During that time he directed several plays , conducted acting workshops and served as an acting coach . Irwin was also featured as storyteller and host of the program Evening Star on public radio . Currently , Irwin divides his time between storytelling festivals and children 's performances . Irwin also performs as a whistler with the Kandinsky Trio , a chamber music group .

neg: Andrea Parkins Andrea Parkins is an American composer , sound artist , performer and improvisational musician based in New York . She is known for her inventive explorations on the electric accordion , generative sound processing , and arrangements of objects and sound . Parkins received a BFA from Tufts University and MFA from Mason Gross School of the Arts , Rutgers University .   Parkins 's work is influenced by the compositional strategies of John Cage and Fluxus and pays homage to musique concrète and 1970s analog synth . Parkins often incorporates electronically processed accordion , customized sound processing , live tape manipulation , analog effects boxes , laptop electronics , acoustic piano , sampling , and amplified objects . Her method and sound were characterized by LA Weekly as : `` The big , varied , confidently conceived abstractions Parkins yanks from her squeezebox , laptop , effects devices and maybe piano -- cloudy and cranky one minute , surgically sharp the next . '' With an unconventional approach to instruments , Parkins `` fragments the instrument 's traditional vocabulary and expands its capabilities with electronics and extended techniques . ''   Recently Andrea Parkins has been developing a series of interactive sound and image works inspired by the structures of Rube Goldberg 's circuitous machines . Describing this organizational approach Stephen Bezan remarked : `` the individual sounds manipulated by Parkins seem to interact and influence the outcome of the other , crafting a goal-oriented structure based on timbre , not harmony or rhythm . This approach transcends the inherent cacophony of the material and reveals a genuinely organic , even playful quality to her work . '' Parkins has described her Rube Goldberg approach as a means for examining slippages between object and meaning . She observed : `` An important conceptual thread running through these pieces is the discovery and expression of metaphors for the slippage and tension between object and meaning that occurs through the passage of time . '' Describing her intentions , Parkins noted : `` As both a sonic and visual artist , I try to build and layer idiosyncratic systems and structures that point to these shifts in meaning . ''   Andrea Parkins has toured and exhibited internationally and has been presented at the Whitney Museum of American Art , The Kitchen , Experimental Intermedia , and Diapason Gallery for Sound and Intermedia . She has collaborated with musicians such as Nels Cline , Jim Black , Ellery Eskelin , David Watson , David Fenech , Fred Frith , Thomas Lehn , Günter Müller , and Otomo Yoshihide and choreographers Olive Bieringa and Otto Ramstad from the BodyCartography Project . Parkins has been the recipient of various grants , awards , and residencies including Meet the Composer , New York State Council for the Arts , Harvestworks Media Art Center , in New York City , Frei und Hanseastadt Hamburg Kulturbehoerde , in Germany , and CESTA in the Czech Republic .

neg: Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space .   A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre .   Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals .   While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .

neg: Olivia Records Olivia Records was a collective founded in 1973 to record and market women 's music . Olivia , named after the heroine of a pulp novel by Dorothy Bussy who fell in love with her headmistress at French boarding school , was the brainchild of ten lesbian-feminists ( the Furies Collective and Radicalesbians ) living in Washington , D.C. who wanted to create a feminist organization with an economic base .   Olivia was co-founded by Judy Dlugacz .   In 1973 , the collective put out a 45 with Meg Christian on one side and Cris Williamson on the other . Yoko Ono responded and said that she wanted to do a side project with Olivia , but the collective politely declined . Without making themselves dependent on any high-profile person , they made $ 12,000 with that 45 , enough to put out singer Meg Christian 's first record , and soon after , Williamson 's groundbreaking album The Changer and the Changed .   Sandy Stone was Olivia 's sound engineer from ca. 1974-1978 , recording and mixing all Olivia product during this period . She resigned as the controversy over her working for a lesbian-identified enterprise increased because she was a transgender woman . The debate continued in Janice Raymond 's book The Transsexual Empire , which devoted a chapter to criticism of `` the transsexually constructed lesbian-feminist '' .   In 1977 , after repeated criticism by Anita Bryant , Olivia put out Lesbian Concentrate , a collection of songs and poetry with part of the proceeds going to benefit the Lesbian Mothers National Defense Fund . Included on the 13 track LP is Meg Christian 's `` Ode To A Gym Teacher '' and Sue Fink 's `` Leaping Lesbians '' .   Olivia moved first to Los Angeles to stay on top of the burgeoning music scene and then to Oakland . The remaining five women of the collective , who had been pooling their money and even living together for the previous seven years , began to disperse . Olivia stopped putting out new records and instead performed a series of 15th anniversary concerts in 1988 . The two concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City were the largest grossing concerts at that venue in its history . Yet , The New York Times barely mentioned the show .   Even though Olivia Records released world music and salsa records , they were most successful with acoustic solo acts , although sometimes they failed to identify mainstream talent . In 1985 , singer/songwriter Melissa Etheridge , then a struggling Los Angeles artist , sent her demo to Olivia , but was ultimately rejected . Etheridge went on to become one of the most popular female performers of the 1990s and arguably the most successful lesbian musician of all time . She saved the rejection letter , signed by `` the women of Olivia , '' which was featured in Intimate Portrait , the Lifetime Television documentary of her life .   Unable to reinvent themselves for the changing musical landscape for women , from riot grrl to Lilith Fair to Ani Difranco , Olivia could no longer sustain itself as a record label .   Olivia Records founded Olivia , the lesbian cruise line , in 1988 .

neg: Signature Sounds Recordings Signature Sounds Recordings is an independent record label specializing in singer-songwriter , Americana , and modern folk music . Jim Olsen and Mark Thayer founded the label in 1995 to promote the acoustic artists playing in the Northampton , Massachusetts . The label has served as the launching pad for several important singer-songwriters , including Josh Ritter , Erin McKeown , Mary Gauthier , and Lori McKenna . The label 's albums are distributed in the U.S. by E1 Entertainment , in Canada by True North Records and throughout the U.K. and Europe by Continental Record Services ( CRS ) .

neg: Early Abstractions Early Abstractions is a collection of seven short animated films created by Harry Everett Smith between 1939 and 1956 . Each film is between two and six minutes long , and is named according to the chronological order in which it was made . The collection includes Numbers 1 -- 5 , 7 , and 10 , while the missing Numbers 8 and 9 are presumed to have been lost .   The idea of the numbering was to suggest a coherent link between each individual film , and that they were to be treated not just on their own but as part of a larger body of work . Of the missing chapters , Number 6 was made up of three-dimensional optically printed abstractions ; Number 8 was a black and white collage of clippings taken from nineteenth century ladies wear catalogues and elocution books , and Number 9 was a color collage of biology books and nineteenth century temperance movement | posters . The remaining films show a gradual evolution in Smith 's technical complexity , with blunt abstraction rudimentary motion more prominent in the early shorts , in contrast to an allegoric dance of Tarot cards , and Buddhist and Cabalistic symbols .   Initially recorded with no sound , a medley of music by The Beatles was added retrospectively . Because the songs do not exactly sync up with each individual film , some critics have opined that this does not enhance the film , and recommend watching it in silence .   In 2006 , Early Abstractions was selected to the National Film Registry by the Librarian of Congress for its `` cultural , historical , or aesthetic significance '' . The Academy Film Archive preserved films 1 , 2 , and 3 of Abstractions .

neg: Jazz chord Jazz chords refer to chords , chord voicings and chord symbols that jazz musicians commonly use in composition , improvisation , and harmony . In jazz chords and theory , most triads that appear in lead sheets or fake books can have sevenths added to them , using the performer 's discretion and ear . For example , if a tune is in the key of C , if there is a G chord , the chord-playing performer usually `` voices '' this chord as G7 . While in a strict classical music context , the notes of a G7 chord would be G -- B -- D -- F , jazz often omits the fifth of the chord -- and even the root if playing in a group , since the bassist will play it . Omitting the root and fifth gives the improvising chord-playing musician the option to play other notes . Also , if a seventh chord , such as G7 , appears in a lead sheet or fake book , many chord-playing performers add the ninth or thirteenth to the chord , even though the lead sheet does not specify these additional notes .   Jazz players can add these additional , upper notes -- seventh , ninth , eleventh , and thirteenth -- because they are an important part of the jazz sound . Lead sheets and fake books often do not detail how to voice the chord because a lead sheet or fake book is only intended to provide basic guide to the harmony . An experienced `` comping '' performer playing electric guitar or piano adds the extra notes using their ear and taste .   In voicing jazz chords , performers focus first on the seventh and the major or minor third of the chord , with the latter indicating the chord quality , along with added chord extensions ( e.g. , ninths , elevenths , or thirteenths , even if not indicated in the lead sheet or fake book ) to add tone `` colour '' to the chord . As such , a jazz guitarist or jazz piano player might `` voice '' a printed G chord with the notes B -- E -- F -- A , which would be the third , sixth ( thirteenth ) , seventh , and ninth of the chord . Jazz chord-playing musicians may also add altered chord tones ( e.g. , 9 , 9 , 11 , 13 ) and added tones . An example of an altered dominant chord in the key of C , built on a G would be to voice the chord as `` B -- C -- E -- F -- A '' ; this would be G7 ( 911 ) .

neg: Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie is the eighth full-length album released by Canadian punk rock band Nomeansno . It was initially released on Alternative Tentacles in 1998 as a 10-track CD and 12-track double LP . The band 's own label Wrong Records , along with distributors Southern Records , re-released the 12-track version of the album in 2007 , 2010 , and 2014 with modified track order and art .   Although Nomeansno 's music was `` always as indebted to avant-garde as to hardcore , '' Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie is one of their most varied and experimental records . Critics generally received it well , although some were frustrated by the band 's experimentation , and drummer John Wright later called the album `` very obscure '' and `` not our greatest album . ''

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Chicago a cappella Chicago a cappella is a creative enterprise devoted to furthering the art of singing together without instruments .   An ensemble of professional singers founded in 1993 by Jonathan Miller , Chicago a cappella presents an annual Chicago-area subscription series , creates studio recordings as well as live and broadcast-media musical content , and gives performances on tour and in special engagements . Long recognized for vocal virtuosity and innovative programming , the ensemble enjoys a reputation as a leader in the choral field .   With more than 325 concerts to its credit , Chicago a cappella has produced more than 200 performances on its Chicago-based series . On tour , the group has appeared in 11 American states and in Mexico . The ensemble has been heard frequently on WFMT radio and through broadcasts distributed by American Public Media , including the highly regarded Performance Today . The ensemble has produced eight CD recordings of music ranging from Renaissance masses to contemporary works .   From its inception , Chicago a cappella has been a champion of living composers . Since 1993 the group has presented more than 100 works in their world , national , or local premiere . Chicago a cappella has commissioned new music from composers such as Joseph Jennings , Chen Yi , Stacy Garrop , Rollo Dilworth , Tania León , and Ezequiel Viñao .


query: Jeff Bezos is planning for commercial sub-orbital human spaceflight through a spaceflight company called Blue Origin.

pos: Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos ( -LSB- ˈbeɪzoʊs -RSB- born Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen ; January 12 , 1964 ) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur , investor , and philanthropist who is best known as the founder , chairman , and chief executive officer of Amazon.com , which is the world 's largest online shopping retailer . The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services , most recently video streaming and audio streaming . Amazon.com is currently the world 's largest Internet sales company on the World Wide Web , as well as being the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services , through its Amazon Web Services arm .   Bezos 's other diversified business interests include aerospace and newspapers . He is the founder and manufacturer of Blue Origin ( founded in 2000 ) with test flights to space which started in 2015 , and plans for commercial suborbital human spaceflight beginning in 2018 . In 2013 , Bezos purchased The Washington Post newspaper . A number of other business investments are managed through Bezos Expeditions .   With an estimated net worth of US$ 82 billion as of May 2017 , Bezos is currently the third-richest person in the world , just behind Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega in first and second places , and just ahead of Warren Buffett in fourth place . His rise to this position occurred after Amazon registered a 67 % jump in share price .

neg: Spaceflight Industries Spaceflight Industries , Inc. is a private aerospace company that specializes in the launch of secondary payloads ranging from 1 kg up to 300 kg micro satellites from a variety of space launch vehicles , such as Antares , Dnepr , Soyuz , and Falcon 9 , as well as from the ISS .

neg: Super Low Altitude Test Satellite SLATS , the Super Low Altitude Test Satellite , is a JAXA satellite intended to demonstrate operations in very low Earth orbit ( below 200 km ) , using ion engines to cancel out aerodynamic drag and equipped with sensors to determine atomic oxygen density , an exposure facility to measure material degradation in the 200 km orbit , and a small camera . Initial designs had conventional , though slightly canted , solar panels ( compare to the aerodynamic shape and on-body solar panels of GOCE , which flew in a 255 km orbit ) .   SLATS will be launched on a H-IIA rocket alongside the GCOM-C satellite to a 630 km orbit , followed by orbit-lowering manoeuvres by a combination of chemical propulsion and aerobraking , with final operation at an altitude below 180 km . The launch is to take place on early 2017 . As of December 2015 , the satellite is manifested for ` FY2016 or later ' on JAXA 's launch schedule page .

neg: Blue Ventures Blue Ventures is a science-led social enterprise that develops transformative approaches for nurturing and sustaining locally led marine conservation .  The organisation works in partnership with coastal communities in places where the ocean is vital to the culture and economy , and promotes transformative and integrated approaches to marine conservation and coastal poverty alleviation . Blue Ventures has operated field programmes in Belize , Fiji , Malaysia , Madagascar and Ghana . Blue Ventures is currently operating in Madagascar , Belize and Timor-Leste with a small number of staff based in Comoros and Mozambique supporting partners ' projects .   The promotion of community-based tropical marine conservation forms the cornerstone of Blue Ventures ' work , which focuses on developing innovative models for sustaining and scaling locally led marine conservation .

neg: Space Shuttle design process See also Space Shuttle program - Conception and development   Even before the Project Apollo moon landing in 1969 , NASA began studies of space shuttle designs as early as October 1968 . The early studies were denoted `` Phase A '' , and in June 1970 , `` Phase B '' , which were more detailed and specific . The primary intended use of the space shuttle was supporting the future space station , ferrying a minimum crew of four and about 20000 lb of cargo , and able to be rapidly turned around for future flights .   Two designs emerged as front-runners . One was designed by engineers at the Manned Spaceflight Center , and championed especially by George Mueller . This was a two-stage system with delta-winged spacecraft , and generally complex . An attempt to re-simplify was made in the form of the DC-3 , designed by Maxime Faget , who had designed the Mercury capsule among other vehicles . Numerous offerings from a variety of commercial companies were also offered , but generally fell by the wayside as each NASA lab pushed for its own version .   All of this was taking place in the midst of other NASA teams proposing a wide variety of post-Apollo missions , a number of which would cost as much as Apollo or more . As each of these projects fought for funding , the NASA budget was at the same time being severely constrained . Three were eventually presented to Vice President Agnew in 1969 . The shuttle project rose to the top , largely due to tireless campaigning by its supporters . By 1970 the shuttle had been selected as the one major project for the short-term post-Apollo time frame .   When funding for the program came into question , there were concerns that the project might be cancelled . This led to an effort to interest the US Air Force in using the shuttle for their missions as well . The Air Force was mildly interested , but demanded a much larger vehicle , far larger than the original concepts . To lower the development costs of the resulting designs , boosters were added , a throw-away fuel tank was adopted , and many other changes made that greatly lowered the reusability and greatly added to vehicle and operational costs . With the Air Force 's approval , the system emerged in its operational form .

neg: Sales engineering Sales engineering is a hybrid of sales and engineering that exists in industrial and commercial markets . Buying decisions in these markets are made differently than those in many consumer contexts , being based more on technical information and rational analysis and less on style , fashion , or impulse . Therefore , selling in these markets can not depend on consumer-type sales methods alone , and instead it relies heavily on technical information and problem-solving to convince buyers that they should spend money on the seller 's products or services , in order to meet a business need ( that is , to satisfy a business case ) . A sales engineer is thus both `` a salesperson that understands and can apply engineering '' and `` an engineer that understands how to sell engineered systems '' . They thus not only sell but also provide advice and support . They provide this service to various internal or external customers , and they may work for a manufacturer ( servicing its industrial-account/business-to-business customers ) , for a distributor ( which in turn services the industrial-account/business-to-business customers ) , or for a third party such as an engineering consultancy or a systems integrator .   Sales Engineers are a critical sales team member in many companies and industries around the world . They are more than just technical experts in their respective industries . Highly successful sales engineers must build and maintain parallel expertise in `` soft skill '' disciplines such as business acumen , presentation skills , building customer relationships , developing an engagement strategy , and having a thorough understanding of the targeted industry . Many companies have difficulty finding people who possess these qualities , plus have extensive technical knowledge .   The essence of the sales engineering role can be called by various names . Which name is most apt can even depend on which industry it is used in . Some common job titles that involve the essence of sales engineering include Sales Engineer , Solutions Engineer , Systems Engineer , Customer Engineer , ( pre-sales ) consultant , Technical Account Manager ; Applications Engineer or Field Applications Engineer , and others . The term systems engineering has various shades of meaning , however , as it is often more or less synonymous with industrial engineering ; but in any market economy , industrial engineers will often end up providing some sales engineering as a necessary portion of their work . Service technicians in industrial fields may also find that their work challenges them to provide some sales engineering , to whatever extent they are capable of providing it , because they interface with customers having problems with equipment ( or lacking the right equipment ) and seeking solutions ( anywhere from diagnosis and repair , to identifying entirely different systems that could be used instead ) .

neg: Uber (company) Infobox company  | name = Uber Technologies Inc. .  | logo = Uber logo.svg  | type = Privately held company  | founders =  | hq_location = San Francisco , California  | area_served = Worldwide , 570 cities  | key_people =   Uber Technologies Inc. is a transportation network company headquartered in San Francisco , California , United States , operating in 570 cities worldwide . It develops , markets and operates the Uber car transportation and food delivery mobile apps . Uber drivers use their own cars , although drivers can rent a car to drive with Uber .   The name `` Uber '' is a reference to the common ( and somewhat slangy ) word `` uber '' , meaning `` topmost '' or `` super '' , and having its origins in the German word über , meaning `` above '' .   Uber has been a pioneer in the sharing economy and the changes in industries as a result of the sharing economy have been referred to as `` Uberification '' or `` Uberisation '' . Uber has also been the subject of protests and legal actions .

neg: O3b Networks O3b Networks , Ltd. is a network communications service provider building and operating a medium Earth orbit satellite constellation , and is primarily intended to serve mobile operators and Internet service providers , providing for voice and data .   The network combines the relatively large reach of satellite with high speed and medium latency to deliver satellite Internet services and mobile backhaul services to emerging markets . The name `` O3b '' stands for '' -LSB- The -RSB- Other 3 Billion '' , referring to the population of the world where broadband Internet is not available without help .   The network currently consists of twelve Ka-based satellites in the O3b satellite constellation orbiting at an altitude of 8,000 km , which is less than one quarter of the altitude of geostationary satellites , significantly reducing satellite latency .   After initially planning to launch in 2010 , the first four satellites were launched on June 25 , 2013 . A further four satellites were launched in July 2014 , and another four in December 2014 . Four more are scheduled for launch in 2018 and the remaining four in 2019 , bringing the constellation to 20 satellites , including the three current satellites used as in-orbit backup .

neg: Commercial Crew Development Commercial Crew Development ( CCDev ) is a multiphase , space technology development program that is funded by the U.S. government and administered by NASA . The program is intended to stimulate development of privately operated crew vehicles to be launched into low Earth orbit . The program is run by NASA 's Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Office ( C3PO ) .   In 2010 , in the first phase of the program , NASA provided $ 50 million combined to five American companies ; the money was intended for research and development into private-sector human spaceflight concepts and technologies . NASA solicited a second set of CCdev proposals for technology development projects lasting for a maximum of 14 months in October of that year . In April 2011 , NASA announced they would award up to nearly $ 270 million to four companies as they met their CCDev 2 objectives .   NASA awarded Space Act Agreements for the third phase , named CCiCap , in August 2012 ; this would last until 2014 . CCiCap is followed by CCtCap with Federal Acquisition Regulation ( FAR ) Part 15 contracts , which formed the fourth and final phase of the program . Contracts were awarded to SpaceX and Boeing in September 2014 .

neg: Falcon Heavy Falcon Heavy ( FH ) , previously known as the Falcon 9 Heavy , is a reusable super heavy lift space launch vehicle being designed and manufactured by SpaceX . The Falcon Heavy is a variant of the Falcon 9 launch vehicle and will consist of a strengthened Falcon 9 rocket core , with two additional Falcon 9 first stages as strap-on boosters . This will increase the low Earth orbit ( LEO ) payload to 64 tonnes , compared to 22.8 tonnes for a Falcon 9 full thrust . Falcon Heavy was designed from the outset to carry humans into space , and would enable crewed missions to the Moon or Mars .   Following the Falcon 9 CRS-7 failure investigation in 2015 , repeated rocket development delays , and given a very busy Falcon 9 launch manifest in 2016 , the first Falcon Heavy is now tentatively scheduled for launch during the summer of 2017 , contingent upon the repair of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40 .

neg: SpaceDev SpaceDev , a part of the `` Space Systems Business '' of Sierra Nevada Corporation , is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work . It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen 's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites . It is also developing micro - and nano-satellites , a small expendable launch vehicle , the SpaceDev Streaker , and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own , the SpaceDev Dream Chaser , in collaboration with NASA .   SpaceDev is based near San Diego in Poway , California . Its objective is to make routine commercial spaceflight possible and to help open space for all of humanity .   Previously a publicly traded company ( OTCBB : SPDV ) , on 20 October 2008 SpaceDev officials announced that the company would be acquired by Sierra Nevada Corporation , a privately owned company . The announced acquisition price was 38 million dollars . The role of SpaceDev will be melded into another of Sierra Nevada 's subsidiary companies , MicroSat , to create a more complete space technology unit . On December 16 , 2008 SpaceDev announced its acquisition by Sierra Nevada Corporation had been completed .

neg: Small Business Innovation Research The Small Business Innovation Research ( or SBIR ) program is a United States Government program , coordinated by the Small Business Administration , intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development ( R&D ) . Funding takes the form of contracts or grants . The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs .   The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time . In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts : `` to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that , however promising , are still too high risk for private investors , including venture capital firms . '' For the purposes of the SBIR program , the term `` small business '' is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees , owned by one or more individuals who are citizens of , or permanent resident aliens in , the United States of America .   Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural ( R&D ) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $ 100 million . Approximately $ 2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year . The United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $ 1 billion in SBIR grants annually . Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10 . A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses . Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time . Besides the DoD , there are also programs with the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Agriculture , and others .

neg: Amateur radio satellite An amateur radio satellite is an artificial satellite built and used by amateur radio operators for use in the Amateur-satellite service . These satellites use amateur radio frequency allocations to facilitate communication between amateur radio stations .   Many amateur-satellites receive an OSCAR designation , which is an acronym for Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio . The designation is assigned by AMSAT , an organization which promotes the development and launch of amateur radio satellites . Because of the prevalence of this designation , amateur radio satellites are often referred to as OSCARs .   These satellites can be used for free by licensed amateur radio operators for voice ( FM , SSB ) and data communications ( AX .25 , packet radio , APRS ) . Currently , over 5 fully operational amateur-satellites in orbit act as repeaters , linear transponders or store and forward digital relays .   Throughout the years , amateur-satellites have helped make breakthroughs in the science of satellite communications . A few advancements include the launch of the first satellite voice transponder ( OSCAR 3 ) and the development of highly advanced digital `` store-and-forward '' messaging transponder techniques .

neg: List of Asian astronauts If `` Asian '' is restricted to refer to people from the continent of Asia , exclusive of Asian Russia , who are not of predominantly European , African , or American ancestry , then the list is as follows : .   The first country listed is that of citizenship ; the second , if any , is that of the Asian country of birth and/or ancestry , where different .   The list is divided between those astronauts whose origin or ancestry is in West or South Asia ( Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Georgia , India , Israel , Iran , Saudi Arabia , Syria ) and those whose origin or ancestry is in East or Central Asia ( China , Japan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Malaysia , Mongolia , Vietnam ) .

neg: Vision for Space Exploration The Vision for Space Exploration ( VSE ) was a plan for space exploration announced on January 14 , 2004 by President George W. Bush . It was conceived as a response to the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster , the state of human spaceflight at NASA , and as a way to regain public enthusiasm for space exploration . It was replaced by the space policy of the Barack Obama administration in June 2010 .

neg: Iranian manned spaceship project The Iranian manned spaceship project is a proposal by the Iranian Aerospace Research Institute of Iranian Space Research Center ( ISRC ) to put an astronaut into the space in the next few years . The details of the design was published by the institute in its `` Astronaut '' publication in February 2015 . A mock up of the spaceship was displayed on 17 February 2015 during the ceremony of the national day of space of Iran . The head of the institute announced that the spaceship will be launched to space in about a year . Iranian president and several of the ministers were present in the unveiling and the ceremony .   The spaceship will carry a single astronaut to a 175 km height and return it to the earth . The spaceship is designed under the code name `` Class E Kavoshgar '' project . The main modules include the launcher adapter , spaceship , and the launch cancellation system .

neg: Superior Aviation Beijing Superior Aviation Beijing is a Chinese aircraft manufacturer .   Superior was initially formed as Qingdao Haili Helicopter Co and Qingdao Brantly Investment Group , a private venture that purchased the Brantly International rights and tooling to manufacture a UAV in China .   Superior Aviation was formed in 2010 with the purchase of the American aircraft part manufacturer , Superior Air Parts . It is 60 % owned by Chairman Cheng Shenzong , and 40 % owned by Beijing E-Town International Investment & Development Co. , Ltd. , an economic development agency of the Beijing municipal government .   In July 2012 , Superior entered a contract to takeover the assets of Hawker Beechcraft pending approval . The deal did not include the Hawker Beechcraft Defense Company subsidiary . On 18 October 2012 multiple sources reported that the negotiations for the takeover had failed . Euan Rocha and Stuart Grudgings writing for Reuters reported that the CEO of Hawker Beechcraft , Steve Miller , had attributed the failure to `` China-bashing by U.S. presidential candidates may have contributed to failure of the talks '' although an article in that Wall Street Journal pointed to other reasons for the failure of the negotiations , including national security concerns as `` the company 's defense operations were integrated with its civilian businesses that proved difficult to untangle '' , and legal complications , as `` advisers in the U.S. had trouble negotiating with Chinese representatives unfamiliar with U.S. finance and bankruptcy law . '' A press release from Hawker Beechcraft ascribing the failure to the fact that , `` the proposed transaction with Superior could not be completed on terms acceptable to the company . '' Textron Aviation eventually bought Hawker Beechcraft in 2014 .

neg: Search for extraterrestrial intelligence The search for extraterrestrial intelligence ( SETI ) is a collective term for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life , for example , monitoring electromagnetic radiation for signs of transmissions from civilizations on other worlds .   There are great challenges in searching the universe for signs of intelligent life , including their identification and interpretation . As various SETI projects have progressed , their claims have been criticized by some researchers as being too `` euphoric '' .   Scientific investigation of the potential phenomenon began shortly after the advent of radio in the early 1900s . Focused international efforts to answer a variety of scientific questions have been going on since the 1980s . In 2015 , Stephen Hawking and Russian billionaire Yuri Milner announced a well-funded effort , called the Breakthrough Initiatives to expand efforts to search for extraterrestrial life .

neg: OSSI-1 OSSI-1 ( standing for Open Source Satellite Initiative-1 ) is an amateur radio satellite launched in 2013 with Bion-M No. 1 . Bion-M was launched into orbit at 10:00 UTC on April 19 , 2013 , from Baikonur Cosmodrome , Kazakhstan , with 6 small satellites , including OSSI-1 . OSSI-1 detached from Bion-M at 16:15 UTC .   OSSI-1 is the pet project of Hojun Song , a Korean artist and amateur radio operator . He worked on it for seven years , designing and building the satellite using off-the-shelf components rather than equipment that had been certified for use in space . The most expensive aspect of the project was the launch , which cost US$ 100,000 .   OSSI-1 is a 1U CubeSat with 100mm sides , weighing 950g . It uses an arduino microcontroller , a lithium-ion battery and a J mode UHF/VHF transceiver .   The satellite has a Morse code beacon transmitting `` OS0 DE OSSI1 ANYOUNG '' on 145.980 MHz and 4 LED lights with a total power of 44 watts to flash Morse code messages , using an open protocol . The project developers announced on 24 April 2013 that they had not yet received a signal from the satellite and were concerned that the Two-line element set they were using to locate the satellite might be wrong .   According to Korean amateur radio organisation KARL , Hojun Song had some difficulties launching a satellite as a private individual , connected to registering with space bodies and being allocated broadcast frequencies by the international telecoms regulator the ITU . A law requires knowledge of the launch date two years in advance which he was not able to give as he was sharing a launch with other experimental satellites . The amateur radio bands are nearly full but to use other bands would require more expensive specialist equipment and technical skills . In 2011 OSSI-1 signed a contract with a French nano satellite company for a turnkey launch service in order to secure a launch date .   The satellite re-entered the Earth 's atmosphere on 30 June 2013 .

neg: Blue Gemini Blue Gemini was a United States Air Force ( USAF ) project first proposed in August 1962 for a series of seven flights of Gemini spacecraft to enable the Air Force to gain manned spaceflight experience prior to the launch of the Manned Orbital Development System , or MODS . The plan was to use off-the-shelf Gemini spacecraft .

neg: Blue dwarf (red-dwarf stage) A blue dwarf is a predicted class of star that develops from a red dwarf after it has exhausted much of its hydrogen fuel supply . Because red dwarfs fuse their hydrogen slowly and are fully convective ( allowing their entire hydrogen supply to be fused , instead of merely that in the core ) , the Universe is currently not old enough for any blue dwarfs to have formed yet , but their future existence is predicted based on theoretical models .   Stars increase in luminosity as they age , and a more luminous star needs to radiate energy more quickly to maintain equilibrium . Stars larger than red dwarfs do this by increasing their size and becoming red giants with larger surface areas . Rather than expanding , however , red dwarfs with less than 0.25 solar masses are predicted to increase their radiative rate by increasing their surface temperatures and becoming `` bluer '' . This is because the surface layers of red dwarfs do not become significantly more opaque with increasing temperature .   Blue dwarfs eventually evolve into white dwarfs once their hydrogen fuel is completely exhausted , which in turn will eventually cool to become a black dwarf .