query: Malcolm Young was a member from AC/DC.

pos: Black Ice (album) Black Ice is an album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was the band 's fourteenth internationally released studio album and the fifteenth in Australia . Released internationally on 17 October 2008 , it was produced by Brendan O'Brien . It marked the band 's first original recordings since 2000 's Stiff Upper Lip , with the eight-year gap being the longest between AC/DC 's successive studio albums . Black Ice has the longest running time of any AC/DC studio album .   The album 's development was delayed because bass guitarist Cliff Williams sustained an injury and the band changed labels from Elektra Records to Sony Music Entertainment . The first composing sessions between guitarists/brothers Angus and Malcolm Young were in London in 2003 . Recording happened during March and April 2008 at The Warehouse Studio in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . O'Brien tried to recapture the rock sound of the band 's early work , as opposed to the blues orientation of Ballbreaker and Stiff Upper Lip , with suggestions such as adding `` soul crooning '' to Brian Johnson 's singing . The songs were mostly recorded live in the studio ; engineer Mike Fraser used only sparse overdubs and effects to keep the tracks as close to the originals as possible .   Black Ice was released exclusively in physical formats , as the group did not sell its music digitally at the time . Walmart got exclusive rights to distribute the album in North America . Its release was promoted with an extensive marketing campaign , which included displays of AC/DC memorabilia . The four singles issued from the album were , `` Rock 'N' Roll Train '' , `` Big Jack '' , `` Anything Goes '' , and `` Money Made '' . Black Ice peaked at number one in 29 countries , including Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States . It was the second best-selling record of 2008 , behind Coldplay 's Viva La Vida or Death and All His Friends and had shipped 6 million copies worldwide by December . Critical reviews were generally positive , praising the music and its resemblance to the classic AC/DC sound , although some critics found the work too long and inconsistent . The track `` War Machine '' won the Best Hard Rock Performance category at the Grammys . The album itself was nominated for many awards , including the Grammy , Brit , Juno and ARIA Music Awards ; and was supported by a world tour between 2008 and 2010 .   Black Ice is the final album to feature the Back In Black era lineup of the band , with founding rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young leaving the band in September 2014 after being diagnosed with dementia .

pos: AC/DC AC/DC are an Australian rock band , formed in 1973 by brothers Malcolm and Angus Young . A hard rock/blues rock band , they have also been considered a heavy metal band , although they have always dubbed their music simply `` rock and roll '' .   AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album , High Voltage , in 1975 . Membership subsequently stabilised until bassist Mark Evans was replaced by Cliff Williams in 1977 for the album Powerage . Within months of recording the album Highway to Hell , lead singer and co-songwriter Bon Scott died on 19 February 1980 after a night of heavy alcohol consumption . The group considered disbanding , but buoyed by support from Scott 's parents , decided to continue and set about finding a new vocalist . Ex-Geordie singer Brian Johnson was auditioned and selected to replace Scott . Later that year , the band released the new album , Back in Black , which was made as a tribute to Bon Scott . The album launched them to new heights of success and became their all-time best-seller .   The band 's next album , For Those About to Rock We Salute You , was their first album to reach number one in the United States . Drummer Phil Rudd was fired in 1983 and replaced by ex-A II Z drummer Simon Wright , who left to join Dio in 1989 . The band experienced a resurgence in the early 1990s with the release of The Razors Edge . Phil Rudd returned in 1994 after Chris Slade , who was with the band from 1989 to 1994 , was asked to leave in favour of him , and contributed to the band 's 1995 album Ballbreaker . Stiff Upper Lip , released in 2000 , was well received by critics . The band 's studio album , Black Ice , released in 2008 , was the second-highest-selling album of that year , and their biggest chart hit since For Those About to Rock , eventually reaching No. 1 on all charts worldwide . The band 's line-up remained the same until 2014 with Malcolm Young 's retirement due to early-onset dementia and Rudd 's legal troubles . In 2016 , Johnson was advised to stop touring on account of worsening hearing loss and Guns N ' Roses frontman Axl Rose stepped in as the band 's vocalist for the remainder of that year 's dates . Long-term bass player Cliff Williams retired from the band at the end of their 2016 Rock Or Bust world tour .   AC/DC have sold more than 200 million records worldwide , including 71.5 million albums in the United States , adding them to the list of highest-certified music artists in the United States and the list of best-selling music artists . Back in Black has sold an estimated 50 million units worldwide , making it the second-highest-selling album by any artist -- and the highest-selling album by any band . The album has sold 22 million units in the US , where it is the sixth-highest-selling album of all time . AC/DC ranked fourth on VH1 's list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock '' and were named the seventh `` Greatest Heavy Metal Band of All Time '' by MTV . In 2004 , AC/DC ranked No. 72 on the Rolling Stone list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . Producer Rick Rubin , who wrote an essay on the band for the Rolling Stone list , referred to AC/DC as `` the greatest rock and roll band of all time '' . In 2010 , AC/DC were ranked number 23 in the VH1 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' .

pos: Malcolm Young Malcolm Mitchell Young ( born 6 January 1953 ) is an Australian retired musician and songwriter , best known as a co-founder , rhythm guitarist , backing vocalist and songwriter for the hard rock band AC/DC . Except for a brief absence in 1988 , he was with the band from its November 1973 beginning until retiring permanently in 2014 , due to health reasons . Young and the other members of AC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003 .   Though his younger brother Angus is the more visible of the brothers , Malcolm has been described as the driving force and the leader of the band . He also added that despite his retirement from the band , AC/DC was determined to continue making music with his blessing . As the rhythm guitarist , he was responsible for the broad sweep of the band 's sound , developing many of their guitar riffs and co-writing the band 's material with Angus . He is married to Linda Young and has two children , Cara and Ross .   Young took a leave of absence from AC/DC in April 2014 , to receive treatment for dementia . In September 2014 , the band 's management announced that he would be retiring permanently .

neg: List of AC/DC tribute albums This is a list of tribute albums ( and individual covers ) of the Australian hard rock band , AC/DC . Due to AC/DC 's worldwide popularity , many musicians have made tribute albums to the band . These albums have been made by a variety of different artists from across several different genres , such as bluegrass music and death metal . AC/DC 's influence has also meant that their individual songs have also been frequently covered by other artists .

neg: Young Aviators Young Aviators are a Scottish rock band based in Glasgow , Scotland . They released their début album Self Help with the label Electric Honey in 2013 .

neg: Live at Donington (AC/DC album) Live at Donington is the DVD recording of the AC/DC show at Donington Park on 17 August 1991 , and it was the band 's third Monsters of Rock festival . The two-hour show was performed before 72,500 spectators and included real cannons , the Hells Bell , an inflatable Rosie and an inflatable Angus . It was filmed in 35 mm Panavision and had 26 cameras that included one situated inside a helicopter . The DVD includes special features such as stereo and 5.1 surround sound , Iso-cam versions of certain songs for different band members , and audio commentary from Angus and Malcolm Young .   Another option allows the viewer to focus on just one member for the length of a song . This option is available for Angus Young on `` Thunderstruck '' , `` Back in Black '' , and `` Highway to Hell '' . The option is offered for Malcolm Young on `` T.N.T. '' , Brian Johnson on `` Whole Lotta Rosie '' and Cliff Williams `` Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap '' . One other feature is a full catalogue discography with audio interview of all international albums .   Despite the commercial success of the DVD , many hardcore fans were disappointed that the audio was fixed , with many differences than the original video , though the DVD officially released in Brazil still has original audio . Tracks from Live at Donington on AC/DC Live have the original audio .

neg: The Young Adults The Young Adults were an American rock quintet based in Providence , Rhode Island , United States . They were formed by vocalist/saxophone player Bruce McCrae ( aka Rudy Cheeks ) , vocalist/drummer David Hansen ( aka Sport Fisher ) , drummer Jimmy Whittle , piano player Jeff Shore , guitarist Ed Vallee , and bassist Roy Gilley in the early 1970s . Their songs , with such titles as `` A Power Tool Is Not A Toy '' , `` Do The Heimlich '' and `` Christmas In Japan In July '' , were often satirical . They were regular performers at Lupo 's Heartbreak Hotel in Providence and had a rather large following .   In 1979 they released the single `` Complex World/Beer '' on Genius Records . `` Complex World '' became a local hit getting airplay on local radio.They broke up shortly thereafter due to conflicts over band direction . David Hansen moved to New York and formed the no wave band Cool It Reba in 1981 .   In 1987 , Lupo 's Heartbreak Hotel was in danger of closing so owner Rich Lupo came up with an idea . Lupo 's bartender Jim Wolpaw was nominated for an Oscar for a short film he had done , so they threw a benefit concert and filmed it and wrote a sub-plot about a club closing . In the process they got The Young Adults to reform to play a few shows at Lupo 's in July 1987 . The results were released as the film ( It 's A ) Complex World ( named after the Young Adults song ) and The Young Adults ' Helping Others album .   The former founding Young Adults band member , Thom Enright , died on February 20 , 2012 , aged 59 , from brain cancer .

neg: Young Divas Young Divas was an Australian pop girl group , which formed in 2006 by Sony BMG Australia initially for a one-off single and national tour to promote all members as solo artists . The original line up consisted of former Australian Idol contestants , including season one finalist Paulini , season two contestant Ricki-Lee Coulter , season three winner Kate DeAraugo and runner-up Emily Williams .   Young Divas released a cover of `` This Time I Know It 's for Real '' to attract attention for the tour . The song peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) . A cover of `` Happenin ' All Over Again '' was later released as their second single , which peaked at number nine and was certified gold . Due to their commercial success , Sony BMG decided that the Young Divas would record a full-length album of classic disco and pop covers titled , Young Divas , in November 2006 . The album debuted at number four on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum .   In June 2007 , Coulter parted ways with the group to resume her solo music career and was replaced by season four runner-up Jessica Mauboy . Young Divas released their second album New Attitude in November 2007 , which debuted at number 10 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold . The album 's lead single `` Turn Me Loose '' ( featuring rapper Savage ) reached number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart . In 2008 , Young Divas officially disbanded with all members resuming their solo music careers .

neg: Young Galaxy Young Galaxy is a Canadian indie pop/dream pop band formed in 2006 in Montreal , whose members are Stephen Ramsay ( vocals/guitar ) , Catherine McCandless ( vocals/keyboards ) , Matthew Shapiro ( keys/guitar ) , and touring member Andrea Silver ( drums ) .

neg: Phil Rudd Phillip Hugh Norman `` Phil '' Rudd ( born Phillip Hugh Norman Witschke Rudzevecuis , 19 May 1954 ) is an Australian drummer , best known for his membership in Australian hard rock band AC/DC from 1975 through 1983 , and again from 1994 to 2015 . Upon the 1977 departure of bass guitarist Mark Evans from AC/DC , Rudd became the only Australian-born member of the band . In 2003 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with the other members of AC/DC . Due to ongoing legal problems in New Zealand , Rudd was unable to join the band for the 2015 Rock or Bust tour and was replaced by Chris Slade .

neg: Ride On (AC/DC song) `` Ride On '' is a song and single by Australian hard rock band AC/DC originally released on the album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap and later re-released on the album Who Made Who . In both versions , the song is sung by Bon Scott . Atypically for an AC/DC song , it has a sad , slow blues , almost ballad-like feel to it . The lyrics concern a man reflecting on mistakes he has made in a relationship while drinking alcohol . It has frequently been cited as one of AC/DC 's best songs .   `` Ride On '' was covered by the French band Trust on their self-titled 1979 debut album after supporting AC/DC in Paris , France in the fall of 1978 . Bon Scott jammed the song with Trust at Scorpio Sound Studios in London , England on February 13 , 1980 , six days before his death . A recording of it would later surface on the Bon Scott Forever Volume 1 bootleg .   AC/DC has played the song live only once , on June 22 , 2001 , at Stade de France , Saint-Denis , during the Stiff Upper Lip Tour . Brian Johnson sang the song as a tribute to Bon Scott .

neg: Philip Adrian Wright Philip Adrian Wright ( born 30 June 1956 ) is an English musician , also known as Adrian Wright .   Wright had studied film making at Sheffield Art College and was a friend of Philip Oakey . In 1978 he was invited to join the new avant-garde electronic band The Human League which composed of Oakey , Martyn Ware and Ian Craig Marsh . Then a non-musician , Wright was appointed as ` Director of Visuals ' whose job was to provide lighting and slideshows to accompany the Human League 's live concerts .   When the Human League split in October 1980 , Wright sided with Oakey . Ware and Marsh left to form pop group Heaven 17 . Necessity forced him to become a musician and he quickly learned keyboards . He and Oakey wrote the new Human League 's early 1981 releases .   He remained a key member of the Human League during the early 1980s both as a composer and keyboard player . He left the band in 1986 after becoming disillusioned with the musical direction Oakey was taking and feeling marginalized by their new producers during the recording of the album Crash in Minneapolis .   After The Human League he worked in film before moving into design .   He participated in the BBC documentary on The Human League , part of the Young Guns Go For It series .

neg: Arc (Neil Young & Crazy Horse album) Arc is a live album of feedback , guitar noise , and vocal fragments that was realized from various shows on the 1991 Neil Young and Crazy Horse US tour , which was originally released with Weld in a special-edition 3-CD set called Arc-Weld .   According to an interview with Steve Martin of Agnostic Front that appeared in the December 1991 issue of Pulse ! magazine , Arc had its genesis in a film that Young made called Muddy Track ( referred to in an interview with David Fricke in the November 28 , 1991 , issue of Rolling Stone ) , which consisted of the beginnings and endings of various songs from his 1987 European tour . Young placed a video camera on his amplifier during the 1987 tour and recorded the beginnings and endings of various songs , and later edited them down into the film 's soundtrack . `` It was the sound of the entire band being sucked into this little limiter , being compressed and fuckin ' distorted to hell , '' Young said to Martin , referring to the soundtrack of Muddy Track . Young then showed the video to Sonic Youth 's Thurston Moore , who suggested that he record an entire album in a similar manner . However , Arc was not recorded through video camera microphones , as was the case with Muddy Track , but instead was compiled from various professional multi-track recordings made throughout the tour .

neg: Malcolm Ross (musician) Malcolm Ross ( born 31 July 1960 in Blantyre , Malawi ) is a Scottish guitarist . His musical career started when he played guitar in the Scottish band Josef K . They released a string of singles and an album , The Only Fun in Town , on Postcard Records in the early 1980s .   After the demise of Josef K , Ross joined Edwyn Collins in the group Orange Juice , playing and writing songs for both the Rip it Up and Texas Fever albums . After Orange Juice , Ross joined Roddy Frame in Aztec Camera as second guitarist , and recorded and toured the Mark Knopfler produced Knife album . Next Ross embarked on other projects such as the High Bees with his wife , Syuzen Buckley , and Dave Ruffy ( formerly with The Ruts ) .   In the mid-1980s and throughout the 1990s , Ross worked with many artists such as former Josef K bandmate Paul Haig , Momus , Edwyn Collins , Moodist Dave Graney and The Coral Snakes , Blancmange and Barry Adamson ( ex-Magazine and The Bad Seeds ) . He was also hired as musical consultant on The Beatles biographical film Backbeat ( 1993 ) , and contributed to the original musical score of the film Chocolat ( 2000 ) , playing guitar alongside Johnny Depp .   Ross appeared on ex-Fire Engine Davy Henderson 's band The Nectarine No. 9 's last album , I Love Total Destruction ( 2004 ) and is currently working with another ex-Fire Engine , Russell Burn , in their new band , Stac Lee . Ross continues to play with wife Syuzen in the excellent group Buckley 's Chance , mostly around Edinburgh , Scotland . He has also worked in various one off projects including The Lonely Crowd with Bassist Billy Buckley ( his brother-in-law ) , Drummer Chris McArthur and New York songwriter Spike Priggen .   Ross ' solo career includes two solo albums on the German label Marina Records , some danny lamb and the associations ( 1995 ) and Euan Morton ( 1998 ) . A compilation of Ross ' work was released on Re-Action Recordings in 2006 , and he recently was performing as a member of Barry Adamson 's live band . The future will see Ross collaborating with Hulk Hogan and Lenny Henry , as well as producing the debut album from Erskine 's .   He supports Hibernian Football Club

neg: AC/DC (pinball) AC/DC is a pinball machine manufactured by Stern Pinball based on the Australian band of the same name . Designed by Steve Ritchie , it was released on March 1 , 2012 .

neg: Benny Young Robert `` Benny '' Young ( born 14 August 1949 ) is a Scottish film , television and stage actor .   He was born in Glasgow , Scotland . Young trained at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow .   He has appeared in films including Chariots of Fire ( 1981 ) , Out of Africa ( 1985 ) and Funny Man ( 1994 ) . In 2009 , Young toured with the National Theatre of Scotland production Be Near Me .   In 2013 Young performed in the West End production of The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui at The Duchess Theatre .

neg: Rock Hard `` Rock Hard '' is a single by the Beastie Boys , released by Def Jam Records on 12 '' in 1984 . The song , and the accompanying songs on the 12 '' , feature the band 's first major label rap effort .   The track contains samples from the AC/DC song `` Back in Black '' , which was used without obtaining legal permission - thereby causing the record to be promptly withdrawn . Later , when the group planned to include the out-of-print song on their 1999 compilation , Beastie Boys Anthology : The Sounds of Science , AC/DC refused to allow the sample to be used . Mike D spoke to AC/DC 's Malcolm Young personally on the phone when their lawyers refused to clear the sample , and later said that `` AC/DC could not get with the sample concept . They were just like , ` Nothing against you guys , but we just do n't endorse sampling . ' '' Ad-Rock then added `` So we told them that we do n't endorse people playing guitars . ''   The cover design is also famous for now being the official Def Jam records logo for vinyl releases ; to this day , vinyl singles released by Def Jam have this design .   Long removed from print , it was considered a rare collector 's item until Def Jam reissued the single in Europe in 2007 .

neg: Guns for Hire `` Guns for Hire '' is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC , from their album Flick of the Switch , released on 15 August 1983 . Written by band members , Angus Young , Malcolm Young and Brian Johnson , it was also released in August as a single with `` Landslide '' as the B-side . It charted at No. 37 on the UK Singles Chart , and No. 84 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached No. 19 in Ireland .   The track served as the opening song during the band 's performances during the ensuing tour in support of Flick of the Switch , but has never been performed on any other AC/DC tours since . A promotional video was produced for the song , which featured drummer Simon Wright rather than Phil Rudd . Rudd had left the band during the recording of Flick of the Switch and was replaced by Wright before the start of the tour .

neg: E.Y.C. (band) E.Y.C. ( also known as Express Yourself Clearly ) was an American pop/R & B group . Its members were Damon Butler , Dave Loeffler and Trey McKay Parker .   E.Y.C. failed to find success in their home country , but became more popular abroad in the United Kingdom and Australia .   They scored six Top 40 hits in the UK Singles Chart before disbanding . Controversy surrounded the release of their track `` Black Book '' ; which was released as a special edition CD featuring the names of all the fans that had signed up to their mailing list encouraging them to purchase the CD . This resulted in the group scoring their biggest hit when the track peaked at Number 13 in the UK chart .   They also appeared on the Childliners single , The Gift Of Christmas , alongside acts such as Backstreet Boys , Boyzone , MN8 , Sean Maguire , Deuce , Ultimate Kaos , Let Loose , East 17 , Peter Andre , Michelle Gayle and Dannii Minogue . Robbie Williams & Gary Barlow & Jason Orange & Howard Donland & Mark Owen & Kylie Minogue & Alexa Chung & Alex Zane .

neg: Malcolm Mortimore Malcolm Paul Mortimore ( born 16 June 1953 in Wimbledon , London , England ) is a drummer and percussionist who has played with Arthur Brown , Ian Dury , Herbie Flowers , Gentle Giant , Spike Heatley , Tom Jones , G.T. Moore , Mick and Chris Jagger , Oliver Jones and Barney Kessel , Frankie Miller , Chris Spedding , Troy Tate .   He is currently regularly touring with Three Friends , Us ( Derek Austin , Herbie Flowers , Chris Spedding ) , and Chris Jagger 's Atocha .

neg: Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center The Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center is a memorial to Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz located at 3940 Broadway and West 165th Street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City , the building which once housed the Audubon Ballroom , where Malcolm X was assassinated on February 21 , 1965 . It opened on May 19 , 2005 , the 80th anniversary of Malcolm X 's birth .   The stated purpose of the center is to carry on the work of Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz `` through the advancement of human rights and social justice '' .   The center is decorated with a 63-foot ( 19-meter ) mural depicting the life of Malcolm X and a life-size bronze statue of the human rights activist . It includes six interactive kiosks that provide information about the lives of Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz . The kiosks were developed by Columbia University 's Digital Knowledge Ventures and Professor Manning Marable of the university 's African American Studies department . The center also is home to documents related to Malcolm X and Betty Shabazz .

neg: Eddie Perez (guitarist) Edward Anthony Perez ( born June 26 , 1968 in Los Angeles , California ) is an American guitarist and singer . He currently tours and records with The Mavericks after a long time of being on tour with Dwight Yoakam . Perez joined the Grammy award-winning , multi-platinum band The Mavericks as a member in 2003 . He has also played with other notable artists such as James Intveld , Connie Smith , Jim Lauderdale , Miranda Lambert , Lee Ann Womack , Gary Allan and Kim Richey . In addition to his work with The Mavericks , he has worked with Mavericks ' lead singer , Raul Malo , on his solo projects , including the Peter Asher-produced record , You 're Only Lonely .   He can be seen on the DVDs The Mavericks - Live in Austin , Texas , as well as the DVD Return to Sin City : A Tribute to Gram Parsons . He also appears in CMT 's 100 Greatest Love Songs and CMT 's 100 Greatest Duets .   Born in Los Angeles , Perez grew up listening to rock guitarists of the 1970s and 1980s . `` My heroes were Jimmy Page , Jeff Beck , Van Halen and Ace Frehley , '' Perez told the Pittsburgh City Paper in June 2016 . `` Everything a big-eyed boy would find fascinating about rock 'n' roll , that was me . I was 12 years old and my father took me to see ZZ Top and it blew my mind . I was never the same after that . ''   Perez began playing in bands at the age of 13 and discovered Honky Tonk music when he first heard `` Guitars and Cadillacs '' by Dwight Yoakam , with whom he would later perform . `` Hearing that really turned me around and it gave me a focus . From then on I started to learn everything I could about that music . But then I also had that rock 'n' roll background , too . '' In 2003 , Perez replaced Nick Kane in the Mavericks , just a short time before the band broke up . A consummate showman , Perez is known for his flair on stage both in his dress and in his stage movements . `` You would n't think that an influence of Jimmy Page or Angus Young of AC/DC would fit into the Mavericks , but somehow it does , '' Perez says of his stage presence . `` When I 'm on stage , I show up to give a performance because that 's what I would want to see . You dig what I 'm saying ? I 'm not so much thinking it as much as I 'm feeling it . I try to get to the most real , honest place that I can within each song . What I 'm doing on stage is a visual to what that sound feels like to me . ''

neg: Dream City Film Club Dream City Film Club were a North London rock band founded in July 1995 .   Their sound was difficult to categorize in that it encompassed tortured lovelorn balladry , avant-garde flourishes , Tin Pan Alley , straightforward rock and gospel yearnings in both lyrics and subject matter . Ultimately , Dream City Film Club failed to find enough of an audience to sustain them .   Vocalist Michael J. Sheehy had been working as a solo singer/songwriter for several years when he met Alex Vald and Laurence Ash , who quickly began writing songs with Sheehy . Upon the demise of another local group , Breed , bassist Andrew Park joined . The band 's name came from a news story Sheehy had seen about an arsonist who had burned down a members-only porno theatre . They played their first gig as Dream City Film Club on 31 July 1995 .   They released a single , `` Crawl '' for the underground fanzine , the Organ in early 1996 . Soon after , they were contacted by Beggar 's Banquet and recorded their eponymous debut album in late 1996 , later releasing it on 26 May 1997 .   According to Sheehy , the English press reaction to the first single , `` Perfect Piece of Trash '' , was almost unanimous in its derision . After parting with Vald , DCFC continued on as a three piece , recording its second and final album , In the Cold Light of Morning featuring a more expansive sound best realized on the epic `` God Will Punish the Pervert Preacher '' .   The group disbanded in 1999 . Michael J. Sheehy subsequently recorded three solo albums for Beggar 's Banquet and two for Glitterhouse , and has fronted Saint Silas Intercession with his brother Patrick . During the early 2000s , Alex Vald worked as half of experimental pop band Datapuddle . In 2015 , Sheehy and Vald reunited as the pop-noir duo United Sound of Joy .


query: Jackfruit is native to a place.

pos: Jackfruit The jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) , also known as jack tree , jakfruit , or sometimes simply jack or jak , is a species of tree in the fig , mulberry , and breadfruit family ( Moraceae ) .   It is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia and is believed to have originated in the southwestern rain forests of the Western Ghats in the Indian subcontinent . The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical lowlands , and its fruit is the largest tree-borne fruit , reaching as much as 35 kg in weight , 90 cm in length , and 50 cm in diameter . The jackfruit tree can produce about 100 to 200 fruits in a year . The jackfruit is a multiple fruit , composed of hundreds to thousands of individual flowers , and it is the fleshy petals that are eaten .   The jackfruit tree is a widely cultivated and popular food item throughout the tropical regions of the world . Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh .

neg: Bunchosia glandulifera Bunchosia glandulifera , commonly known as peanut butter fruit , is a species of flowering plant in the acerola family , Malpighiaceae , that is native to Central America and South America . It produces small orange-red fruits of sticky and dense pulp , with a flavour and aroma resembling that of peanut butter . It is mostly eaten fresh , but is also used for jellies , jams or preserves . The superficial appearance of the berries are similar to coffee and in Brazil is accordingly called caferana or falso guarana .  The leaves are lightly sericeous ( hairy ) and have wavy edges . In cultivation the tree ideally reaches up to 6 metres ( 20 feet ) in diameter , although can be maintained to a smaller size . The tree is fast-growing and has some frost-tolerance .

neg: Connecticut Field pumpkin The Connecticut Field pumpkin is a type of pumpkin . It is an heirloom variety , the `` standard '' and `` classic '' pumpkin , `` one of the oldest pumpkins in existence '' . Widely used for autumn decorations , either whole or as jack-o ' - lanterns , it is also suitable for culinary purposes . Said to differ little from squash grown by Native Americans in pre-Columbian times , the name `` Connecticut Field pumpkin '' references the area where the ancestral variety was found , as well as the traditional system of planting pumpkins in corn fields .   Like most pumpkins , ` Connecticut Field ' is large ( 15-25 lb ) , round , and orange , with smooth , slightly ribbed skin .   The ` New England Pie ' or ` Small Sugar ' pumpkin , `` the standard pie type '' , is said to be a strain of this cultivar , smaller in size but with superior cooking properties . ` Howden ' or ` Howden 's Field ' , a cultivar selected from ` Connecticut Field ' for improved production and uniformity of fruits , is `` the original commercial jack-o ' - lantern pumpkin '' .

neg: Phyla lanceolata Phyla lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family known by the common name lanceleaf fogfruit or frogfruit . It is native to the southern half of North America , including much of the United States except for the northwestern quadrant , and much of Mexico . It is resident in many types of moist and wet habitat , including disturbed areas , such as irrigation ditches . It is a perennial herb growing decumbent in a matlike form with spreading , trailing stems up to half a meter long , sometimes rooting at nodes . The lance-shaped or nearly oval leaves are up to 6 centimeters long and have toothed or partially toothed edges . The inflorescence , arising on a peduncle several centimeters tall , is a spherical spike of flowers which elongates into a cylindrical form as the fruits develop . The tiny , densely packed flowers are white , sometimes tinged with blue or purple .   It is similar to the related species Phyla nodiflora , but differs in having much longer and more pointed leaves . Both species are common as weeds and in the ornamental environment .

neg: Wislizenia Wislizenia is a genus of flowering plants containing three recognized species native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico . Common names include spectacle fruit and jackass clover . Like genus Cleome and several relatives , Wislizenia has traditionally been included in the caper family , Capparaceae , but has more recently been moved to the new family Cleomaceae .   Wislizenia is an erect , branching herb which forms a low , scrubby bush . It extends many dense racemes topped with densely packed flowers . The flowers are mustard-yellow and bear plentiful thready stamens which form a cloud about the inflorescence . The distinctive fruit is a conjoined pair of hard , tan nutlets containing the seeds . The foliage of this plant is toxic , but it is used readily by honeybees , making it a good honey plant .   The genus is named for botanist Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus , 1810-1889 . He was born in Königsee , Germany , but came to the United States in 1837 . He spent much time exploring the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico , writing memoirs on the botany and human customs of the region .

neg: Deeringothamnus rugelii Deeringothamnus rugelii is a rare species of flowering plant in the custard apple family known by the common names Rugel 's pawpaw , Rugel 's false pawpaw , and yellow squirrel banana . It is endemic to Volusia County , Florida , in the United States , where there are fewer than 5000 plants remaining in severely fragmented habitat . The main threat to this species is habitat destruction and degradation . It was federally listed as an endangered species in 1986 .   Rugel 's pawpaw is one of two species in the genus Deeringothamnus . It can be differentiated from Deeringothamnus pulchellus by the width , shape , and color of its petals . This species is a small shrub growing not more than half a meter tall from a taproot . The leathery leaf blades are somewhat oblong or lance-shaped and measure up to 7 centimeters in length . The inflorescence is a solitary flower nodding or held upright on a short peduncle . The lightly scented flowers have usually six fleshy yellow , cream , or purple petals that measure 2 or 3 centimeters long . The fragrance of the flowers has been described as `` rubbery '' , and is caused by several compounds , including ethyl benzoate , trans-β-ocimene , limonene , and germacrene . The fruit is a large yellow-green berry that may be up to 6 centimeters long . One flower may yield several fruits . The berry contains a few seeds each about a centimeter long or slightly larger . This plant sometimes hybridizes with its relative , Asimina pygmaea .   This plant occurs in slash pine woods on wet , sandy substrates among other plant species , including saw palmetto , fetterbush ( Lyonia lucida ) , shiny blueberry ( Vaccinium myrsinites ) , dwarf live oak ( Quercus minima ) , and wiregrass ( Aristida stricta ) . It is limited to Volusia County , where there are perhaps 23 occurrences remaining . Some of them are within the bounds of Tiger Bay State Forest The region becoming ever more urbanized and developed , with wild habitat claimed for residential , commercial , and agricultural purposes , including pine plantations and turfgrass farms . Remaining fragments of land in Volusia County are degraded by a number of processes , especially fire suppression . The habitat is naturally maintained by periodic wildfire , and this plant is fire-dependent . It requires fire to clear larger vegetation and brush away so it can receive adequate sunlight . It has also been demonstrated that fire increases the plant 's flower production . Other threats to the habitat and its plants include exotic plant species such as Bahia grass ( Paspalum notatum ) .

neg: Unbelievable Acres Botanic Gardens Unbelievable Acres Botanic Gardens ( 1 ha / 2.5 acres ) is a private man made Tropical Rainforest , nonprofit botanical garden located at 470 63rd Trail North , West Palm Beach , Florida . The garden is open to the general public on the Second Saturday of every month . Guided Tours are given at 1:30 and 3 p.m. . An admission fee ( $ 10 adults and $ 5 Children ) is charged . Tours can be scheduled on other days for parties of 10 or more by calling (561) 242-1686 to make reservations .   The Tropical Rainforest garden was established in 1970 by Gene Joyner , who has developed and maintained it since . It is now one of Florida 's largest private collections of tropical fruit trees , with a 30 m tree canopy .   The garden contains some 2000 varieties of plants , including more than 160 varieties of fruit trees , with 40 types of citrus , and 35 types of banana and plantain trees . It also includes orchids , bromeliads , palms , and ferns , as well as less well-known plants such as jaboticaba , black sapote , jackfruit , and carambola trees .

neg: Lutjanus johnii Lutjanus johnii , commonly known as John 's snapper or golden snapper , is a marine fish native to the western Pacific and Indian Oceans , from East Africa to Fiji and Australia . In Queensland , Northern Territory and other parts of Australia it is perhaps known more commonly as Fingermark bream , and is arguably one of the best estuary eating fish . The former name ( ` Golden snapper ' ) is generally used when the fish is in much larger sizes , with juveniles and young adults usually referred to as the latter ( ` Fingermark ' ) . It has a remarkably slow growth rate , so release is encouraged and bag limits apply . It can grow to approximately 8 kg in weight although 10 kg fish have been recorded off the coast of Cairns , though even a small individual will provide a substantial fight . They are not recommended to be targeted for catch and release when fishing in depths of 10 m or over , as the species is highly susceptible to barotrauma . Fingermark encounters often occur when targeting other species such as barramundi , and can be distinguished by their golden-brown to reddish skin tint and dark ` fingermark ' beneath the dorsal fin -- colourations both lost as the species dies once taken from the water or grows in size . Colourations are extremely prominent in juvenile fish . They are members of the Lutjanus genus of snappers , which also includes mangrove jack and other well-known table species .

neg: Apple Jacks Apple Jacks is a brand of cereal produced by Kellogg 's and targeted mainly at children . It was introduced to the U.S. as `` Apple O 's '' in 1965 after being invented by William Thilly who is currently a professor at MIT . In 1971 the name `` Apple Jacks '' was put into action by advertisers . The product is described by Kellogg 's as a `` crunchy , sweetened multi-grain cereal with apple and cinnamon . ''   Originally , all Apple Jacks cereal pieces were orange and O-shaped , although they have become brighter and more orange colored over the decades . In 1998 , O-shaped green pieces were introduced . On December 8 , 2003 , as part of a marketing promotion , the orange jacks remained Os but the green jacks were Xs for a while and in summer 2005 the green jacks were figure-8s ( double Os ) for a period of time .   More recently , Apple Jacks has introduced New Apple Jacks ` Crashers ' -- a unique cereal piece that replicates a mid-2007 advertising execution when mascots Bad Apple and CinnaMon were accidentally fused together . The latest ( limited ) edition , in 2010 , are Apple Clones , with red pieces shaped like apples . In 2012 , Apple Jacks was brought to Canada in a Limited Edition box .

neg: Artocarpus hirsutus Artocarpus hirsutus , known by a variety of names , such as Aini , Aini-maram , Aani , Anhili , Anjili , ( Tamil : அயனிபலா ) ( Malayalam : ആഞ ഞിലി ) , Hebbalasu ( Kannada : ಹ ಬ ಬಲಸ ) and the Wild Jack or Jungle Jack is a tropical evergreen tree species that is native to India ( Karnataka , Kerala , Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu ) , where it prefers moist , deciduous to partially evergreen woodlands .   The Artocarpus hirsutus grows in altitudes ranging from sea level to an elevation of 1000 m in places with an annual rainfall of 1500 mm or more . They are endemic to the Western Ghats and are found in its evergreen forests . The canopy tree can reach a height of up to 35 m and about 4.5 m in girth .   The tree is prized for its durable timber which is comparable in quality with teak . The timber was used extensively in the construction of ceilings , door frames and furniture in older buildings , especially in Kerala . The famous snake boats of Kerala are often hewn out of the  Aini 's wood . 140 tons of A. hisutus wood from Kerala was used for Tim Severin 's ship Sohar , in which he traveled from Muscat to Canton in 1980-81 .   Its flowers are , unisexual , in axillary inflorescences and its fruits are syncarps and very sweet , changing to an orange hue when ripe . Its simple , alternate leaves will ooze latex if broken . It is harvested for its wood .   Diseases : The important diseases of Artocarpus hirsutus reported from Southern part of India ( Kerala state ) are Pink disease ( Corticium salmonicolor ) & Macrophomina leaf spot ( Macrophomina phaseolina ) .

neg: Syzygium malaccense Syzygium malaccense is a species of flowering tree native to Malaysia , Indonesia ( Sumatra and Java ) Vietnam , Thailand , New Guinea and Australia . It has been introduced throughout the tropics , including many Caribbean countries and territories such as Jamaica where it is known simply as `` Jamaican apple '' or the more common Otaheite apple .   Syzygium malaccense has a number of English common names . It is known as a Malay rose apple , or simply Malay apple , mountain apple , rose apple , Otaheite apple , pink satin-ash and pommerac ( derived from pomme Malac , meaning `` Malayan apple '' in French ) . Despite the fact that it is sometimes called the otaheite cashew , it is not related to cashew . While cashew nuts ( but not cashew fruits ) may trigger allergic reactions , rose apple fruit has not been observed to do so .   The combination of tree , flowers and fruit has been praised as the most beautiful of the Syzygium family . The fruit is oblong-shaped and dark red in color , although some varieties have white or pink skins . The flesh is white and surrounds a large seed . Its taste is bland but refreshing . Jam is prepared by stewing the flesh with brown sugar and ginger .   Malay apple is a strictly tropical tree and will be damaged by freezing temperatures . It thrives in humid climates with an annual rainfall of 152 cm or more . It can grow at a variety of altitudes , from sea level up to 2740 m . The tree can grow to 12 - in height . It flowers in early summer , bearing fruit three months afterward . In Costa Rica , it flowers earlier , with ripe fruit in April . Coffee growers use the species to divert birds .   In Hawaii , Syzygium malaccense is called mountain apple . When the Polynesians reached the Hawaiian Islands , they brought plants and animals that were important to them . The mountain apple was one of these `` canoe plants , '' arriving 1000 -- 1700 years ago .

neg: Glaucocarpum Glaucocarpum is a monotypic plant genus containing the single species Glaucocarpum suffrutescens ( syn . Hesperidanthus suffrutescens , Schoenocrambe suffrutescens ) , a rare species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names Uinta Basin waxfruit , waxfruit mustard , toad-flax cress , and shrubby reed-mustard . It is endemic to Utah in the United States , where it is known only from Duchesne and Uintah Counties . It is threatened by habitat degradation and destruction . It is federally listed as an endangered species of the United States .   This is a perennial herb with multiple erect stems growing 10 to 35 centimeters tall from a woody base . The leaves are lance-shaped or somewhat oval in shape with smooth or slightly toothed edges , the blades measuring up to 2.5 centimeters in length . The inflorescence is a raceme of mustardlike flowers . Each flower has yellow-green sepals and four yellow petals each measuring about a centimeter long . The fruit is a curved silique 1 or 2 centimeters long . The plant is pollinated by several species of bees , likely including Dialictus perdifficilis , D. sedi , Evylaeus pulveris , Andrena walleye , A. prunorum and Halictus rubicundus .   This mustard grows in the Uinta Basin on the Green River Formation , a geologic formation , in an area around the border between Duchesne and Uintah Counties in Utah . The substrate is a shallow layer of dry , fine clay and white calcareous shale . The area is a desert shrub or pinyon-juniper woodland plant community . The area is sparsely vegetated , but other plants in the habitat may include Barneby 's catseye ( Cryptantha barnebyi ) .   There are seven populations of the plant located in three main areas . Five of the seven populations contain 250 or fewer plants .   This plant is threatened by hydrocarbon exploration and the mining of oil shale and tar sands . All the populations of the plant are located on land which has been leased for oil and gas exploration . Its habitat is located over a large deposit of oil shale which may be a target for extraction . When the plant was added to the Endangered Species List , parts of populations had been destroyed during energy development activities . The populations are already somewhat isolated due to habitat fragmentation , which is increased by roads running through the area . Dust from the roads and from energy activity may negatively affect the plant in several ways . Some of the processes that affect the habitat and the plant also affect the plant 's pollinators , such as bees . Other threats include off-road vehicle use , grazing , and the mining of surface rock for use as building stone .

neg: Barren vegetation Barren vegetation describes an area of land where plant growth may be sparse , stunted , and/or contain limited biodiversity . Environmental conditions such as toxic or infertile soil , high winds , coastal salt-spray and climatic conditions are often key factors in poor plant growth and development . Barren vegetation can be categorized depending on the climate , geology and the geographic location of a specific area .  Pine Barrens , coastal barrens and serpentine barrens are some of the more distinct ecoregions for barren vegetation and are the most commonly researched by scientists . Often referred to as `` heathlands '' , barrens can be excellent environments for unique biological diversity and taxonomic compositions .

neg: Chakkavaratti Chakkavaratty , Chakka Varattiyathu , Chakka Varatti , Jackfruit Preserves or Jackfruit Halwa is a type of food made from jackfruit . The seeds are removed from the fruit and it is cut into small pieces . The fruit is then cooked with ghee and sarkara , when it prepared in a type of paste . After cooling it can be eaten and keeps for six to ten months . Malayalees prepare ada with this chakkavaratti as a special food .

neg: Solanum candidum Solanum candidum is a species of evergreen shrub native to South America and occasionally grown for its edible fruit .   Undomesticated and very rare in cultivation , it is known as fuzzyfruit nightshade , naranjilla silvestre or chichilegua . The fruit somewhat resembles the related cocona ( Solanum sessiliflorum ) , and Solanum candidum will apparently hybridize with a number of close relatives , including cocona , naranjilla , and pseudolulo . One notable difference is the extremely hirsute fruits , which -- unlike most of its relatives -- do not detach easily upon full ripening , which is a hindrance to eating the ripe fruit . Nonetheless , S. candidum is a close relative of other nightshades cultivated for their edible fruit , including the tomato ( S. lycopersicum ) , the naranjilla ( S. quitoense ) and the eggplant ( S. melongena ) . Its relatively strong resistance to pests and disease ( in comparison with its more appetizing relatives ) has drawn some agricultural interest .   Scientifically , S. candidum is of additional interest , as it appears to be the closest relative and a possible ancestor to Asian members of the same botanical clade , notably Solanum lasiocarpum , which is native to India , but is cultivated for its naranjilla-like fruits , and will likewise readily hybridize with S. candidum .

neg: Prumnopitys andina Prumnopitys andina ( Lleuque ) , the Chilean plum yew , is an evergreen coniferous tree native to south-central Chile and a few areas in adjacent parts of westernmost Argentina from 36 to 40 ° South latitude . It lives on moderately wet soils , preferably on Andean slopes from 500 -- .   It grows up to 30 m high , with a trunk up to 2 m in diameter . The leaves are linear to sickle-shaped , 15 -- 30 mm long and 2 mm broad . The seed cones are highly modified , reducing to a central stem 2 -- 4 cm long bearing 1-4 scales , each scale maturing berry-like , oval , 10 -- 15 mm long and 10 mm broad , green maturing dark purple , with a soft edible pulp covering the single seed . The seeds are dispersed by birds , which eat the ` berries ' and pass the seeds in their droppings . Seeds are very difficult to germinate . It has a straight and cylindrical trunk , with gray and shiny bark .   Before the genus Prumnopitys was distinguished , it was treated in the related genus Podocarpus as Podocarpus andinus . It has also been treated by some botanists as Prumnopitys spicata ( Molloy & Muñoz-Schick 1999 ) ; however this name is illegitimate ( Mill & Quinn 2001 ) . Prumnopitys elegans ( Phil ) is a synonym for Prumnopitys andina .   The fruit ( an Aril ) are tasty , 1.5 cm long , blue-purple in color , are eaten by Native American people in Chile , and a marmalade is produced with them . The tree is also occasionally grown as an ornamental tree and a hedge in oceanic climate areas in northwest Europe and the Pacific Northwest of North America . In these areas , it is also sometimes known as `` Plum-yew '' or `` Plum-fruited Yew '' , though these names are more commonly applied to plants in the genus Cephalotaxus ( Cephalotaxaceae ) .   The wood is a yellowish color and has a good quality . It is used in furniture and construction .   Evidence suggests that very little regeneration is occurring to replace current ageing trees in populations . In 2007 , the Forestry Commission planted large numbers of young trees at Bedgebury Pinetum in the UK as part of a project aiming to conserve the genetic resources of endangered conifers .

neg: High Desert (Oregon) The Oregon high desert is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon , located east of the Cascade Range and south of the Blue Mountains , in the central and eastern parts of the state . Divided into a southern region and a northern region , the desert covers most of five Oregon counties and averages 4000 ft above sea level . The southwest region is part of the Great Basin and the southeast is the lower Owyhee River watershed . The northern region is part of the Columbia Plateau , where somewhat more rainfall allows the largest industry on private land to be the cultivation of alfalfa and hay . Public land within the region is owned primarily by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) , which manages more than 30000 mi2 , including five rivers designated as Wild and Scenic .   While the high desert is somewhat dry , it is only arid relative to Western Oregon . The region averages 15 in of annual rainfall ; the Alvord Desert , however , gets only 7 in of rain each year . Contrary to its name , most of the high desert is not dry enough to truly qualify as desert , and biologically , most of the region is classified as scrubland or steppe .   At 9733 ft above sea level , the summit of Steens Mountain is the highest point in the high desert . The broad fault-block mountain is characteristic of the basin and range plate tectonics of the high desert . About 16 million years ago , during the early Miocene epoch , lava flows from volcanic eruptions covered about half the surface area of Oregon . The Earth 's crust then began stretching , giving way to further volcanic activity from 15 million to 2 million years ago . Several ice ages over this time formed the large lakes in the high desert .   The climate of the high desert provides habitat for mammals such as pronghorn , coyote , mule deer , black-tailed jackrabbit , and cougar . Birds common in the region include sage grouse , California quail , and prairie falcon . The western juniper is the most common tree in the region , and big sagebrush and common woolly sunflower are the region 's most widespread plants .

neg: Alyxia ruscifolia Alyxia ruscifolia , commonly known as the chainfruit or prickly alyxia , is a shrub of high rainfall areas in eastern Australia . The natural range of distribution is from Wollongong in New South Wales to the Wet Tropics and further north to New Guinea .   It can be seen in a variety of different situations . Such as the sub tropical Lord Howe Island , surrounded by the ocean , or the tropical rainforest understorey at Kuranda in Queensland . Or the exposed rocky cliffs on the Mount Royal Range in New South Wales , where it is subject to high winds and snow . The habitat is many types of rainforests from sea level to 1200 metres , sometimes also seen in sclerophyll forests .

neg: Canavalia molokaiensis Canavalia molokaiensis , commonly known as the Molokai Jack-bean or puakauhi , is a rare species flowering plant in the legume family , Fabaceae , that is endemic to the island of Molokai in Hawaii . This and other Hawaiian Canavalia are known there as ʻāwikiwiki .   The plant is a vine with red-purple pealike flowers . It inhabits exposed , steep cliffs in dry and mesic forests that are dominated by ōhia lehua ( Metrosideros polymorpha ) and aalii ( Dodonaea viscosa ) at elevations of 850 - . Associated plants include āhinahina ( Artemisia spp . ) , akoko ( Euphorbia spp . ) , pilo ( Coprosma spp . ) , pūkiawe ( Styphelia tameiameiae ) , and ākia ( Wikstroemia spp . ) .   This rare plant is threatened by habitat destruction , mainly due to introduced grazing mammals . It is limited to four populations with a total of 200 to 500 individuals ; this is sometimes described as one badly fragmented population . Other threats include introduced plant species . This has been a federally listed endangered species of the United States since 1992 .

neg: Schinus polygama Schinus polygama , the Hardee peppertree or Chilean pepper tree , is a species of plant in the Anacardiaceae family which is native to Argentina and Chile and naturalized in California .

neg: Grias cauliflora The anchovy pear ( Grias cauliflora ) ( also called the river pear ) is a fruit native to Jamaica , Central America , and Colombia . It is often found near rivers or marshes in large colonies . It grows on the evergreen tree Grias cauliflora of the Lecythidaceae ( Brazil nut ) family .   The edible nuts grow clumped together in large , round , woody and extremely hard seed pods the size of a large grapefruit . The meat of the seed ( the `` nut '' ) is very rich in oil and grows from 7 to 9 cm long and 2 to 4 cm in diameter . The tree has fragrant yellow flowers about 5 cm across and grows to a height of about 15 m ( 50 feet ) . The anchovy pear tree bears spear-shaped , glossy leaves produced in palm-like tufts that reach an average length of 90 cm . The edible , brown , berrylike fruits for which it is cultivated for pickling are not related to the common pear . The fruit has a taste similar to that of the mango .


query: BBC rated Muhammad Ali as Sports Personality of the Century.

pos: Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali ( -LSB- ɑːˈliː -RSB- born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 -- June 3 , 2016 ) was an American professional boxer and activist . He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century . From early in his career , Ali was known as an inspiring , controversial , and polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring .   Cassius Clay was born and raised in Louisville , Kentucky , and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old . At age 18 , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year . At age 22 in 1964 , he won the WBA , WBC , and lineal heavyweight titles from Sonny Liston in a big upset . Clay then converted to Islam and changed his name from Cassius Clay , which he called his `` slave name '' , to Muhammad Ali . He set an example of racial pride for African Americans and resistance to white domination during the Civil Rights Movement .   In 1966 , two years after winning the heavyweight title , Ali further antagonized the white establishment by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military , citing his religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War . He was eventually arrested , found guilty of draft evasion charges , and stripped of his boxing titles . He successfully appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court , which overturned his conviction in 1971 , by which time he had not fought for nearly four years and thereby lost a period of peak performance as an athlete . Ali 's actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation .   Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight boxers of the 20th century . He remains the only three-time lineal heavyweight champion , having won the title in 1964 , 1974 , and 1978 . Between February 25 and September 19 , 1964 , Ali reigned as the undisputed heavyweight champion . He is the only boxer to be named The Ring magazine Fighter of the Year six times . He was ranked as the greatest athlete of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated , the Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC , and the third greatest athlete of the 20th century by ESPN SportsCentury . Nicknamed `` The Greatest '' , he was involved in several historic boxing matches . Notable among these were the first Liston fight ; the `` Fight of the Century '' , `` Super Fight II '' , the `` Thrilla in Manila '' versus his rival Joe Frazier , and `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' versus George Foreman .   At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking , Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight , where he was often provocative and outlandish . He was known for trash talking , and often freestyled with rhyme schemes and spoken word poetry , both for his trash talking in boxing and as political poetry for his activism , anticipating elements of rap and hip hop music . As a musician , Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and blues song , and received two Grammy Award nominations . As an actor , he performed in several films and a Broadway musical . Additionally , Ali wrote two autobiographies , one during and one after his boxing career .   As a Muslim , Ali was initially affiliated with Elijah Muhammad 's Nation of Islam ( NOI ) and advocated their black separatist ideology . He later disavowed the NOI , adhering initially to Sunni Islam and later to Sufism , and supporting racial integration , like his former mentor Malcolm X.   After retiring from boxing in 1981 , Ali devoted his life to religious and charitable work . In 1984 , Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson 's syndrome , which his doctors attributed to boxing-related brain injuries . As the condition worsened , Ali made limited public appearances and was cared for by his family until his death on June 3 , 2016 , in Scottsdale , Arizona .

neg: Greatest Sports Legends Greatest Sports Legends is a sports anthology series on the lives and careers of noted athletes . First aired in 1972 , the series was produced with 10 new episodes per year nestled amongst 42 reruns . 207 episodes were produced , with athlete hosts including Michael Jordan and Reggie Jackson interviewing the featured athlete . The series won one Emmy award out of three nominations .   After production , the series continued to air in reruns . In 2012 , it was announced that Steve Rotfeld Productions would offer one-hour editions.As of 2015 , the series airs sporadically on the cable network Decades .

neg: Chris Myers Christopher Patrick `` Chris '' Myers ( born March 28 , 1959 ) is an American sportscaster . A native of Miami , FL with more than 20 years in broadcasting , he has covered premiere events , including the Super Bowl , World Series , NBA Finals , NCAA Final Four , The Masters and U.S. Open ( golf ) , Triple Crown , the Olympics , and the Daytona 500 .

neg: Teddy Wakelam Captain Henry Blythe Thornhill ( Teddy ) Wakelam ( 8 May 1893 -- 10 July 1963 ) was an English sports broadcaster and rugby union player .   He played rugby for Harlequin F.C. and became its captain . On 15 January 1927 Wakelam gave the first ever running sports commentary on BBC radio , a Rugby International match , England v Wales ( final score 11-9 ) at Twickenham . By today 's standard it sounded really odd : to give listeners an idea what it actually was they were hearing a picture was published in the Radio Times of the pitch divided in numbered squares . And as Wakelam described the run of play a voice in the background mentioned the square the play was happening in . It is believed the phrase `` Back to Square One '' comes from this , long abandoned , practice .   Wakelam was an expert on a wide variety of sports . A week after his broadcasting debut he and C.A. Lewis gave the first football commentary on British radio , Arsenal - Sheffield United , 1-1 . Later in 1927 he would also cover cricket and Wimbledon . It was in London SW19 that he would prove to be an unflappable character : in the mid 1930s he accidentally set fire to his notes but kept on commentating as if nothing had happened .   The first sports commentator on BBC radio also became one of the first on BBC television in 1938 , when he covered the test match at Lord 's . He also gave commentaries on boxing and even non sporting events like Tidworth Tattoo , but rugby union always remained his specialty . Only a handful of his commentaries have survived , but apparently Wakelam was quite a good reporter . John Arlott called him `` a natural talker with a reasonable vocabulary , a good rugby mind and a conscious determination to avoid journalese . ''   Teddy Wakelam also was rugby correspondent for The Morning Post . He wrote a number of books including ` Harlequin Story ' ( 1954 ) about the history of his old club . He is namechecked in the title of a sports book , `` After Captain Teddy '' by Mike Jeffrey .

neg: Jack Solomons Jack Solomons OBE ( December 1900 -- 8 December 1979 ) was a British boxing promoter who has been called `` one of the greatest boxing promoters in history '' and `` England 's greatest boxing impresario '' .   Solomons was born in Petticoat Lane in the East End of London . He began promoting boxing in London during the 1930s . He took over operations at the Devonshire Club in Hackney , but that club was destroyed in the bombing of 1940 . Later , his base of operations was his gymnasium located at 41 Great Windmill Street in Soho .   His first great success came when he put together a match between Jack London and Bruce Woodcock for the British heavyweight title . He was involved in many major British boxing promotions involving Woodcock , Freddie Mills , and Randolph Turpin during those years . He promoted the bout between Turpin and Sugar Ray Robinson when Robinson lost his middleweight world title in 1951 . He was particularly associated with promoting boxing matches at Harringay Arena in north London . In all , he promoted 26 world title fights . He also promoted Henry Cooper 's 1963 bout with Muhammad Ali ( but not their 1966 rematch ) . He was appointed OBE in the 1978 New Year Honours .   Solomons died in 1979 and was inducted to the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1995 .

neg: List of cricketers by number of international centuries scored This list is a compilation of total centuries scored by international cricketers , split between different formats , and presents a good view to compare performance of batsmen in different formats of the game . 6 players have scored 50 or more centuries in their international career across all 3 formats while only one , Sachin Tendulkar , has scored 100 centuries .   A qualification of 10 overall centuries is now used . To date , as many as 161 cricketers have scored 10 or more international centuries , 72 of whom went on to score 20 or more centuries and 39 have 30 or more centuries , the details of which are listed below .

neg: The Trials of Muhammad Ali The Trials of Muhammad Ali is a 2013 American documentary about the heyday of boxer Muhammad Ali 's career , with special focus on his conversion to Islam and his refusal to fight in the Vietnam War .

neg: Nurul Islam (broadcaster) Nurul Islam ( নুরুল ইসলাম 25 November 1928 -- 7 October 2006 ) was a Bangladeshi broadcast journalist , news presenter , and radio producer and presenter . He had more than 50 years of experience in radio and television and is best known for his work with the BBC World Service .

neg: BBC Television BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 . It produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932 , although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936 .   The BBC 's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30 % of all UK viewing . The services are funded by a television licence .   As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement , the BBC Television division was split , with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television ( channels and genre commissioning , BBC Sport , BBC Three and BBC iPlayer ) being renamed as BBC Content .

neg: List of WBC world champions This is a list of WBC world champions , showing every world champion certificated by the World Boxing Council ( WBC ) . The WBC is one of the four major governing bodies in professional boxing , and certifies world champions in 10 different weight classes . In 1963 , the year of its foundation , the WBC inaugurated titles in all divisions with the exception of light flyweight , super flyweight , super bantamweight , super middleweight and cruiserweight , which were inaugurated in the subsequent decades . The most recent title inaugurated by the WBC is in the minimumweight ( also called strawweight ) division in 1987 .

neg: BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year The BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year is an award presented at the annual BBC Sports Personality of the Year award ceremony . The award is presented to a non-British sportsperson considered to have made the most substantial contribution to a sport in that year . The award was decided by a panel of over 30 sporting journalists . Each panellist voted for their top two choices ; their first preference was awarded two points , and their second preference was awarded one point . The winning sportsperson had the most total points . In the case of a points tie , the sportsperson chosen as first preference by the most panellists is the winner . If this is also a tie the award is shared . In 2015 the public voted for this award .   The Overseas Personality award was first presented in 1960 , six years after the BBC Sports Personality of the Year award was introduced . The first recipient of the award was Australian middle distance runner Herb Elliott . Since then , the award has been presented to 49 sportspersons . American boxer Muhammad Ali , Swiss tennis player Roger Federer and Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt have each won the award three times , while Australian golfer Greg Norman won the award twice . The award has been shared on three occasions -- by Ron Clarke and Gary Player in 1965 , Eusébio and Garfield Sobers in 1966 , and Evander Holyfield and Michael Johnson in 1996 . The husband-and-wife skating duo of Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Belousova are the only pair to have won the award , doing so in 1968 . Belousova was the first woman to become Overseas Personality -- she was also the oldest , aged 33 . George Moore is the oldest recipient of the award , winning in 1967 aged 44 . The youngest recipient of the award is Nadia Comăneci , who won in 1976 at age 15 . Boris Becker , who was 18 when he won in 1985 , is the youngest male to have won .   Twenty different countries have been represented by the award winners . United States sportspersons have won the award the most times , having had nineteen recipients , two of whom shared the award . Three cricketers have received the award -- Garfield Sobers of Barbados , Brian Lara of Trinidad and Tobago ( both of whom played for the West Indies cricket team ) , and Shane Warne of Australia . Thirteen sporting disciplines have been represented ; tennis has the highest representation , with fourteen recipients . The most recent recipient in 2016 was American gymnast Simone Biles .   Only one winner has ever been stripped of the award -- US cyclist Lance Armstrong , whose 2003 award was rescinded by the BBC following the UCI 's 2012 decision to strip Armstrong of his titles and ban him for life from the sport .

neg: Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed .   It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . '   The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger .   The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com .   The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''

neg: Religious views of Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali evolved considerably in his religious and spiritual views throughout his life . Ali was introduced to the Nation of Islam in 1962 , and officially became a member of the organization shortly after his first bout with Liston . He converted to Sunni Islam after the death of the Nation 's leader , Elijah Muhammad , in 1975 , following which the organization 's leader Wallace D. Muhammad had aligned the ideology of the Nation with Sunni Islam . Around 2005 , Ali again converted , this time to Sufism .

neg: BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s .   BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list .   Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .

neg: Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 .   Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later .   ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .

neg: List of British middleweight boxing champions List of British middleweight boxing champions is a table showing the boxers who have won the British middleweight championship . The title has been sanctioned by the National Sporting Club since 1909 , and later by its replacement the British Boxing Board of Control since 1929 .   A champion may retire or voluntarily relinquish the title in order to fight for a higher-ranked championship . Where a champion relinquished the title , the date of his final defence is shown with `` ( rel ) '' after it . If he did not defend his title , then `` ( rel ) '' is shown after the date at which he won the title .

neg: Ali Baba (wrestler) Arteen Ekizian ( September 28 , 1901 -- November 16 , 1981 ) , better known by the ring name Ali Baba , was an Turkish professional wrestler and World Heavyweight Champion who was active in the early portion of the twentieth century .

neg: The Atkinson People The Atkinson People is a 1979 BBC radio comedy series . The series , which was first broadcast sporadically in 1979 by the BBC 's arts radio station Radio 3 , features a satirical profile of a fictional famous person each week .   It is notable as being the first radio or television programme to star comedian and actor Rowan Atkinson . The programme was co-written by Atkinson and Richard Curtis and produced by future Not the Nine O'Clock News co-star Griff Rhys Jones , then a BBC Radio Comedy producer . In most cases , Atkinson played the lead characters , with other voices provided by Hugh Thomas and Peter Wilson . Following the precedent set by The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , the series was also an early adopter of stereophonic sound ; it was recorded in 1978 , and broadcast in 1979 . The series has been repeated on BBC Radio 7 and its successor BBC Radio 4 Extra , and was picked by Armando Iannucci during his stint as `` comedy controller '' .

neg: Heroes and Villains (football fanzine) Heroes and Villains is the title of a football fanzine written by and primarily aimed at fans of Aston Villa F.C. . It was launched in 1989 , and has been in regular print ever since , long surpassing 100 issues .   It has been edited from the start by Dave Woodhall . Although of course primarily concerned directly with the fortunes of Aston Villa , occasionally other general football articles and humorous , nostalgic pieces are to be found amongst its pages .   It was often critical of Doug Ellis who was the chairman of Aston Villa during the period 1982 to 2006 ( his second spell at the club ) . He was seen by many fans as being complacent and unambitious regarding the fortunes of the team .   As with most fanzines , many articles contain much baiting of local rival football clubs and their fans , in this case chiefly Birmingham City F.C. and West Bromwich Albion F.C.   However , a goodly part of the fanzine 's contents consist of contributors ' personal views on and memories of experiences derived from being a supporter of Aston Villa . Aston Villa 's richly varied history , particularly that of the last 25 years and within living memory of most contributors , consisting as it does of Villa 's League Championship and European Cup winning achievements of '81 and ' 82 , their mid '80s decline culminating in relegation in ' 87 , followed by a revival under Graham Taylor 's management which led to an unexpected league runners-up spot just 3 seasons later , provides much material . As does a further , also unexpected , runners up placing in ' 93 , league cup triumphs in '94 and ' 96 , and the generally solid but unspectacular performance of the team , up to the 2005-2006 season 's underachievements and the broad feeling of dissatisfaction with the way the club was being run .   Something of a running joke in the fanzine concerns Villa 's underachievement in the FA Cup , the club having not won the competition since 1957 , with their only final appearance since then consisting of a dismal performance in losing 1-0 to the pre-Roman Abramovich Chelsea in 2000 . As the 3rd round of the competition - Villa 's usual entry point - approaches each season , many fans come to the agreement that this year is definitely `` our year for the cup ... ''   For the start of the 2014-15 season , the fanzine phased out the paper publishing format of distribution , and is now available only to download to computers , mobile devices , and so on .   The fanzine also spawned a website forum which remains very popular among Villa supporters .

neg: Outstanding Sports Personality, Studio Host The Sports Emmy Award for Outstanding Sports Personality , Studio Host has been awarded since 1993 . The award is given to an on-air personality that hosts a pregame or postgame show , or gives news during event coverage , but does not commentate on the event itself . This award is considered to be the most prestigious of all given under the Outstanding Sports Personality category . Before this subcategory was set up , an award was given to either a studio host or an event commentator from 1968 to 1992 . See that article for a list of winners ( Outstanding Host or Commentator ) .

neg: Boxing in Wales Boxing is a popular sport in Wales , and since the early 20th century Wales has produced a notable number of professional boxers including several World Champions . The most notable boxers include Wales ' first World Champion Percy Jones ; Jimmy Wilde , who is seen as pound-for-pound one of the World 's finest boxers and Joe Calzaghe , who ended his career an undefeated World Champion .