query: Hot was released in October.

pos: Hot (Mel B album) Hot is the debut album by British pop singer Melanie B , released on 9 October 2000 by Virgin . The album was not as successful as her albums with the Spice Girls or that of other members solo albums released around this time . It peaked at number twenty-eight in United Kingdom and sold over 60,000 copies , receiving a silver certification . The album had four singles : `` I Want You Back '' , featuring Missy Elliott , `` Tell Me '' , `` Feels So Good '' and `` Lullaby '' . The first three singles reached top 5 in United Kingdom . The single `` Word Up '' , previously released on the soundtrack of the film Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me , was included on the Japanese version . The album received mixed to negative reviews from critics .

neg: Hot House (Arturo Sandoval album) Hot House is an album by Arturo Sandoval , released through N2K Records in 1998 . In 1999 , the album won Sandoval the Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz Performance .

neg: She Was Hot `` She Was Hot '' is a song by The Rolling Stones from their 1983 album Undercover .   Recording on `` She Was Hot '' first began in late 1982 . Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards , the song is a traditional rock 'n' roll number from the band . The song is notable as both original Rolling Stones pianist Ian Stewart and his replacement Chuck Leavell perform on the recording .   `` She Was Hot '' was released as the second single from the album in late January 1984 . The B-side to the single was an Emotional Rescue outtake , `` I Think I 'm Going Mad . '' The single did not perform well , reaching only number 44 on the U.S. Charts and number 42 on the U.K. Charts . A memorable video was produced for the song , featuring actress Anita Morris who semi-comically tempts each member of the band . The video version includes an extra verse . As with its predecessor , `` Undercover of the Night , '' `` She Was Hot '' was directed by Julien Temple , and was also edited for broadcast on MTV .   The Rolling Stones resurrected `` She Was Hot '' for the 2006 United States leg of their A Bigger Bang Tour . The song made its live debut on October 11 , 2006 in Chicago , and was a regular part of the band 's set list during the tour . The November 1 , 2006 performance of `` She Was Hot '' was captured for the 2008 concert film and live album Shine a Light .   The song was also covered and reworked by Cheap Trick .

neg: Heat (Kim Hyun-joong song) HEAT is Kim Hyun-joong 's second Japanese single . There are five available versions of this single , three of which include the song `` Let 's Party '' in addition to the CD 's title track `` Heat '' .   For `` Heat '' Kim Hyun-joong collaborated with Japanese rock duo B ` z.   Although there are music videos for both , `` Heat '' and `` Let 's Party '' , the latter song was not promoted on TV programs .   The songs will be featured on Kim Hyun-joong 's upcoming Japanese album Unlimited .   Heat reached # 31 on Oricon 's Yearly Single Chart , having sold 202,672 copies .

neg: Hot Baby Hot Baby is a mini-album by South Korean girl group BESTie . It was released on July 28 , 2014 by YNB Entertainment and distributed by Loen Entertainment as the group 's first mini-album . On August 29 , it was re-released as I Need You .

neg: Situation Hot Situation Hot is actually a re-release of Arabian Prince 's earlier singles from the days before N.W.A. . It was released on cassette in 1990 , then re-packaged as Greatest Hits on CD in 1998 with a slightly expanded track list .

neg: Hot Choice Hot Choice is a pay-per-view service that mainly airs adult content . It is run by In Demand Networks and is carried on some cable television systems .

neg: List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1997 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical sales and airplay . There were nine singles that peaked atop the charts , but if `` Un-Break My Heart '' is excluded from the count ( for the song started its peak in the previous year ) , the total would be eight , the second lowest for a single year , tied with 1996 and subsequently , 2005 . The longest running number-one single of 1997 is `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' , which logged 14 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 . Two of those weeks were logged in 1998 while the remaining 12 were attained in 1997 .

neg: Hot Pink Hot Pink is the debut studio album by the American band The Pink Spiders , released in 2005 .

neg: Hot (Squirrel Nut Zippers album) Hot is the second studio album by Squirrel Nut Zippers , released in 1996 .

neg: Hot Vidéo Hot Vidéo is a French trade journal that covers the adult video industry . It was founded in June 1989 by Frank Vardon . It is now part of VCV Communications . Its average circulation date to 2011 is about 50,000 copies per month , while in the 1990s it was about 100,000 copies . Its staff include professional journalists previously committed to other news fields .   Tabitha Cash is the editor in chief and oversees the Hot Video group which consists of five divisions : magazine , TV , web , mobile and VOD .

neg: Cool for the Summer `` Cool for the Summer '' is a song by American singer Demi Lovato . It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album , Confident ( 2015 ) . The song was released on July 1 , 2015 , by Hollywood , and Island Records , and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records . Lovato co-wrote `` Cool for the Summer '' with Alexander Erik Kronlund , Savan Kotecha , and the song 's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami . Musically , it has a rock styled edge over an electronic instrumental arrangement . The song has garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics .   Critics praised `` Cool for the Summer '' for its production and bi-curious lyrical content . It was included on several year-end lists and received nominations for the MTV Video Music Awards and 2015 Teen Choice Awards in the `` Song Of The Summer '' category . The song received an award for being one of the most performed songs of 2015 at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards . Commercially `` Cool for the Summer '' had a positive reception . In United States the song debuted at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated July 18 , 2015 , selling 80,000 copies in its first charting week . It entered the Hot 100 's top 20 on the chart dated August 15 , 2015 , and peaked at number 11 , becoming Lovato 's third highest chart position . The song also reached number one on the Dance Club Songs chart . It was certified double-platinum by RIAA .   `` Cool for the Summer '' has also topped the charts in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Belgium , the Czech Republic , Lebanon , Mexico , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Slovakia , and Spain . Its music video was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and released on July 23 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , who praised the singer 's sensuality and artistic growth . To promote the song , Lovato performed it at pool parties after its release . She also promoted the song on several TV programs such as The Voice , Sunrise , the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and Saturday Night Live .

neg: Hot Space Hot Space is the tenth studio album by the British rock band Queen , released on 21 May 1982 by EMI Records in the United Kingdom and by Elektra Records in the United States . Marking a notable shift in direction from their earlier work , they employed many elements of disco , funk , rhythm and blues , dance and pop music on the album . This made the album less popular with fans who preferred the traditional rock style they had come to associate with the band . Queen 's decision to record a dance-oriented album germinated with the massive success in the US of their 1980 hit `` Another One Bites the Dust '' ( and to a lesser extent , the UK success of the song ) .   `` Under Pressure '' , Queen 's collaboration with David Bowie , was released in 1981 and became the band 's second # 1 hit in the UK . Though included on Hot Space , the song was a separate project and was recorded ahead of the album , before the controversy over Queen 's new disco-influenced rock sound . The album 's second single , `` Body Language '' , peaked at # 11 on the US charts . In July 2004 , Q magazine listed Hot Space as one of the top fifteen albums where great rock acts lost the plot . Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band 's history , and Roger Taylor and Brian May despised the new sound , with both being very critical of the influence Freddie Mercury 's manager Paul Prenter had on the singer . Estimated sales of the album currently stand at 3.5 million copies .

neg: August October `` August October '' is a song written and performed by English singer-songwriter Robin Gibb , the second and the last song released from the album Robin 's Reign . It reached # 45 in the UK in three weeks . It was also charted in other countries like Germany ( # 12 ) , New Zealand ( # 11 ) and in Denmark ( # 3 ) . It was backed by `` Give Me a Smile '' , a song also appeared on his debut album . It was released as a single in February 1970 , same month on which the album was released . It was later covered by Elton John .

neg: Hot Stuff (Donna Summer song) `` Hot Stuff '' is a song by American singer Donna Summer from her seventh studio album Bad Girls ( 1979 ) , produced by Italian DJ Giorgio Moroder , and released as the lead single from Bad Girls on April 13 , 1979 , through Casablanca Records . Up to that point , Summer had mainly been associated with disco songs but this song also showed a significant rock direction , including a guitar solo by ex-Doobie Brother and Steely Dan guitarist Jeff `` Skunk '' Baxter . It is one of her most popular songs , based on the performance on the Billboard Hot 100 .

neg: Truth Rising Truth Rising is the eighth studio album by American Punk rock band Hed PE . The album was released on October 26 , 2010 to mixed reviews . Truth Rising debuted at # 98 on the Billboard 200 . The album also peaked # 13 on the Top Independent albums charts .

neg: List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 .   In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest .   Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks .   `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .

neg: Hot Fuzz Hot Fuzz is a 2007 British action comedy film directed by Edgar Wright , written by Wright and Simon Pegg , and starring Pegg and Nick Frost . The three and the film 's producer Nira Park had previously worked together on the television series Spaced and the 2004 film Shaun of the Dead . The film follows two police officers attempting to solve a series of mysterious deaths in an English village .   Over a hundred action films were used as inspiration for developing the script . Filming took place over eleven weeks in early 2006 , and featured an extensive cast along with various uncredited cameos . Visual effects were developed by ten artists to expand on or add explosions , gore , and gunfire scenes .   Debuting on 14 February 2007 in the United Kingdom and 20 April in the United States , Hot Fuzz received critical and commercial success . Shortly after the film 's release , two different soundtracks were released in the UK and US .   The film is the second in Wright and Pegg 's Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy and was preceded by 2004 's Shaun of the Dead and followed by 2013 's The World 's End , each of them featuring a different flavour of Cornetto ice cream . It is also the most financially successful film in the trilogy .

neg: Hot Sugar (Tamar Braxton song) `` Hot Sugar '' is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton from her second studio album , Love and War ( 2013 ) . The song was released on October 17 , 2013 , as the fourth and final singe from the album . American producer Kyle `` K2 '' Stewart II wrote `` Hot Sugar '' in collaboration with Braxton and songwriters LaShawn Daniels and Mandakeba Riddick .   Critical response to `` Hot Sugar '' was mixed : some critics praised its sound while others negatively compared it to the album 's ballads .


query: Treatments for peripheral artery disease exclude atherectomy.

pos: Peripheral artery disease Peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) is a narrowing of the arteries other than those that supply the heart or the brain . When narrowing occurs in the heart , it is called coronary artery disease , while , in the brain , it is called cerebrovascular disease . Peripheral artery disease most commonly affects the legs , but other arteries may also be involved . The classic symptom is leg pain when walking which resolves with rest , known as intermittent claudication . Other symptoms including skin ulcers , bluish skin , cold skin , or poor nail and hair growth may occur in the affected leg . Complications may include an infection or tissue death which may require amputation ; coronary artery disease , or stroke . Up to 50 % of cases of PAD are without symptoms .   The main risk factor is cigarette smoking . Other risk factors include diabetes , high blood pressure , and high blood cholesterol . The underlying mechanism is usually atherosclerosis . Other causes include artery spasm . PAD is typically diagnosed by finding an ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) less than 0.90 , which is the systolic blood pressure at the ankle divided by the systolic blood pressure of the arm . Duplex ultrasonography and angiography may also be used . Angiography is more accurate and allows for treatment at the same time ; however , it is associated with greater risks .   It is unclear if screening for disease is useful as it has not been properly studied . In those with intermittent claudication from PAD , stopping smoking and supervised exercise therapy improves outcomes . Medications , including statins , ACE inhibitors , and cilostazol also may help . Aspirin does not appear to help those with mild disease but is usually recommended in those with more significant disease . Anticoagulants such as warfarin are not typically of benefit . Procedures used to treat the disease include bypass grafting , angioplasty , and atherectomy .   In 2015 about 155 million people had PAD worldwide . In the developed world it affects about 5.3 % of 45 to 50 years olds and 18.6 % of 85 - to 90-year-olds . In the developing world it affects 4.6 % of people between the ages of 45 to 50 and 15 % of people between the ages of 85 to 90 . In the developed world PAD is equally common among men and women while in the developing world women are more commonly affected . In 2015 PAD resulted in about 52,500 deaths up from 16,000 deaths in 1990 .

neg: Screening (medicine) Screening , in medicine , is a strategy used in a population to identify the possible presence of an as-yet-undiagnosed disease in individuals without signs or symptoms . This can include individuals with pre-symptomatic or unrecognized symptomatic disease . As such , screening tests are somewhat unusual in that they are performed on persons apparently in good health .   Screening interventions are designed to identify disease in a community early , thus enabling earlier intervention and management in the hope to reduce mortality and suffering from a disease . Although screening may lead to an earlier diagnosis , not all screening tests have been shown to benefit the person being screened ; overdiagnosis , misdiagnosis , and creating a false sense of security are some potential adverse effects of screening . For these reasons , a test used in a screening program , especially for a disease with low incidence , must have good sensitivity in addition to acceptable specificity .   Several types of screening exist : universal screening involves screening of all individuals in a certain category ( for example , all children of a certain age ) . Case finding involves screening a smaller group of people based on the presence of risk factors ( for example , because a family member has been diagnosed with a hereditary disease ) . Screening interventions are not designed to be diagnostic , and often have significant rates of both false positive and false negative results .

neg: Acute limb ischaemia Acute limb ischaemia ( ALI ) occurs when there is a sudden lack of blood flow to a limb .   Acute limb ischaemia is caused by embolism or thrombosis , or rarely by dissection or trauma . Thrombosis is usually caused by peripheral vascular disease ( atherosclerotic disease that leads to blood vessel blockage ) , while an embolism is usually of cardiac origin . In the United States , ALI is estimated to occur in 14 out of every 100,000 people per year . With proper surgical care , acute limb ischaemia is a highly treatable condition ; however , delayed treatment ( beyond 6 to 12 hours ) can result in permanent disability , amputation , and/or death .   The New Latin term ischaemia as written , is a British version of the word ischemia , and stems from the Greek terms ischein ` to hold ' ; and haima ` blood ' . In this sense , ischaemia refers to the inhibition of blood flow to/through the limb .

neg: Essential medicines Essential medicines , as defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , are the medicines that `` satisfy the priority health care needs of the population '' . These are the medications to which people should have access at all times in sufficient amounts . The prices should be at generally affordable levels .   The WHO has published a model list of essential medicines . Each country is encouraged to prepare their own lists taking into consideration local priorities . Over 150 countries have published an official essential medicines list . The essential medicines list enables health authorities , especially in developing countries , to optimize pharmaceutical resources . The WHO List contains a core list and a complementary list .   The core list presents a list of minimum medicine needs for a basic health care system , listing the most efficacious , safe and cost-effective medicines for priority conditions . Priority conditions are selected on the basis of current and estimated future public health relevance , and potential for safe and cost-effective treatment .   The complementary list presents essential medicines for priority diseases , for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring facilities are needed . In case of doubt medicines may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or less attractive cost-effectiveness in a variety of settings . The list is important because : it forms the basis of national drugs policy in more than 155 countries , both in the developed and developing world . Many governments refer to WHO recommendations when making decisions on health spending .

neg: Cordectomy Cordectomy is the surgical removal of a cord . It usually refers to removal of the vocal cord , often for the purpose of treating Laryngeal Cancer . The word is derived from the Greek , combining `` Chorde '' and `` ektome '' meaning excision . It can be carried out by traditional surgical techniques or , increasingly , by Carbon Dioxide Laser . CO2 laser cordectomy has allowed the treatment of glottic carcinoma as a day case procedure . The procedure has also been carried out by vets to prevent incessant barking by dogs . In Human , this type of surgeries are usually done by the Otolaryngologists and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons .   Prior to surgery , the patient must be informed of serious , debilitating , and permanent consequences of surgery , most notably the loss of speaking capacity with severity correlating to the portion of vocal cords removed . A patient will be incapable of producing most vocal sounds following total cordectomy , although certain primal deep guttural screams may still be produced , with the patient almost always retaining the ability to speak in whispers . There is little no chance of a patient recovering their voice following a complete or near-complete cordectomy as the procedure literally removes the organs responsible for vocal utterances , and patients with a less-than-entire cordectomy will always lose some or most of their vocal range ( again corresponding to the section and amount of removed vocal cords ) . Doctors are encouraged to explore alternative communication technologies with patients ( such as voice-boxes , whisper-amplifying devices , and text = to-speak softwares ) prior to determining the acceptability of the procedure . Patients should be made to understand that the procedure is absolutely permanent and their vocal capacity ( with current technology ) will never recover to its range prior to the surgery , and patients with small percentages of cord removals will experience disproportionately severe loss of vocal range compared to the loss suffered by patients who have undergone a near-entire cordectomy procedure .   The indications being Carcinoma of Vocal cords and Early Glottic Carcinoma etc. .   According to the European Laryngeal Society , Cordectomy is classified into followings :   1 ) Type I : Subepithelial cordectomy  2 ) Type II : Subligamental cordectomy  3 ) Type III : Transmuscular cordectomy  4 ) Type IV : Total or Complete cordectomy   Category : Oral and maxillofacial surgery

neg: Alternative cancer treatments Alternative cancer treatments are alternative or complementary treatments for cancer that have not been approved by the government agencies responsible for the regulation of therapeutic goods . They include diet and exercise , chemicals , herbs , devices , and manual procedures . The treatments are not supported by evidence , either because no proper testing has been conducted , or because testing did not demonstrate statistically significant efficacy . Concerns have been raised about the safety of some of them . Some treatments that have been proposed in the past have been found in clinical trials to be useless or unsafe . Some of these obsolete or disproven treatments continue to be promoted , sold , and used . Promoting or marketing such treatments is illegal in most of the developed world including the United States and European Union .   A distinction is typically made between complementary treatments which do not disrupt conventional medical treatment , and alternative treatments which may replace conventional treatment .  Alternative cancer treatments are typically contrasted with experimental cancer treatments -- which are treatments for which experimental testing is underway -- and with complementary treatments , which are non-invasive practices used alongside other treatment . All approved chemotherapeutic cancer treatments were considered experimental cancer treatments before their safety and efficacy testing was completed .   Since the 1940s , medical science has developed chemotherapy , radiation therapy , adjuvant therapy and the newer targeted therapies , as well as refined surgical techniques for removing cancer . Before the development of these modern , evidence-based treatments , 90 % of cancer patients died within five years . With modern mainstream treatments , only 34 % of cancer patients die within five years . However , while mainstream forms of cancer treatment generally prolong life or permanently cure cancer , most treatments also have side effects ranging from unpleasant to fatal , such as pain , blood clots , fatigue , and infection . These side effects and the lack of a guarantee that treatment will be successful create appeal for alternative treatments for cancer , which purport to cause fewer side effects or to increase survival rates .   Alternative cancer treatments have typically not undergone properly conducted , well-designed clinical trials , or the results have not been published due to publication bias ( a refusal to publish results of a treatment outside that journal 's focus area , guidelines or approach ) . Among those that have been published , the methodology is often poor . A 2006 systematic review of 214 articles covering 198 clinical trials of alternative cancer treatments concluded that almost none conducted dose-ranging studies , which are necessary to ensure that the patients are being given a useful amount of the treatment . These kinds of treatments appear and vanish frequently , and have throughout history .

neg: Cure A cure is the end of a medical condition ; the substance or procedure that ends the medical condition , such as a medication , a surgical operation , a change in lifestyle , or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person 's sufferings ; or the state of being healed , or cured .   A remission is a temporary end to the medical signs and symptoms of an incurable disease . A disease is said to be incurable if there is always a chance of the patient relapsing , no matter how long the patient has been in remission . An incurable disease may or may not be a terminal illness ; conversely , a curable illness can still result in the patient 's death .   The proportion of people with a disease that are cured by a given treatment , called the cure fraction or cure rate , is determined by comparing disease-free survival of treated people against a matched control group that never had the disease .   Another way of determining the cure fraction and/or `` cure time '' is by measuring when the hazard rate in a diseased group of individuals returns to the hazard rate measured in the general population .   Inherent in the idea of a cure is the permanent end to the specific instance of the disease . When a person has the common cold , and then recovers from it , the person is said to be cured , even though the person might someday catch another cold . Conversely , a person that has successfully managed a disease , such as diabetes mellitus , so that it produces no undesirable symptoms for the moment , but without actually permanently ending it , is not cured .   Related concepts , whose meaning can differ , include response , remission and recovery .

neg: Stroke in China Recent epidemiologic studies confirm that stroke is the most frequent cause of death in the People 's Republic of China , with an incidence more than fivefold that of myocardial infarction . Intracerebral hemorrhage causes about one third of all strokes , nearly three times the frequency in North American stroke registries . A marked regional variation in stroke incidence exists , with a threefold higher stroke incidence in northern than in southern Chinese cities , suggesting important environmental or dietary influences . Stroke treatment often involves a combination of modern and traditional herbal medicine ; the latter may modify platelet aggregation and blood viscosity . Stroke , particularly intracerebral hemorrhage , is the most frequent and important vascular disorder in China .   China reports more patients with stroke than anywhere else in the world . While there is still a great deal of unknown information , stroke research has been making great progress in recent years , such as in the areas of clinical research , population and genetic epidemiology , brain ischemia/reperfusion exploring , leukoencephalopathy ( CADASIL ) , neural stem cell and stroke , neuroprotective treatment for stroke , clinical therapy test in stroke , rehabilitation and prevention .   Cities and towns in China have integrated systems for registering and investigating strokes . Chinese researchers have followed closely the international level of stroke treatment with a forward position in neural stem cell . Traditional Chinese drugs have featured effects on neuroprotective treatment for stroke which has also been investigated . Chinese scientists have suggested a new way of dividing neuroprotectors in stroke . The clinical therapy test with urokinase and defibrase for cerebral infarction in China is effective and relatively safe , yet the original papers published by Chinese researchers and clinical effects for patient treatment still need to be improved and updated .

neg: Chemotherapy Chemotherapy ( often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx ) is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs ( chemotherapeutic agents ) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen . Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent ( which almost always involves combinations of drugs ) , or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms ( palliative chemotherapy ) . Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer , which is called medical oncology .   By common usage , the term chemotherapy has come to connote the use of rather non-specific intracellular poisons , especially related to inhibiting the process of cell division known as mitosis , and generally excludes agents that more selectively block extracellular growth signals ( i.e. blockers of signal transduction ) . To avoid these connotations for recently developed ( against specific molecular or genetic targets ) therapies which inhibit of growth-promoting signals coming from classic endocrine hormones ( primarily estrogens for breast cancer and androgens for prostate cancer ) is known as hormonal therapy , while the inhibition of other growth-promoting influences ( especially those associated with receptor tyrosine kinases ) is known as targeted therapy .   Importantly , the use of drugs ( whether chemotherapy , hormonal therapy or targeted therapy ) constitutes systemic therapy for cancer in that they are introduced into the blood stream and are therefore in principle able to address cancer at any anatomic location in the body . Systemic therapy is often used in conjunction with other modalities that constitute local therapy ( i.e. treatments whose efficacy is confined to the anatomic area where they are applied ) for cancer such as radiation therapy , surgery and/or hyperthermia therapy .   Traditional chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic by means of interfering with cell division ( mitosis ) but cancer cells vary widely in their susceptibility to these agents . To a large extent , chemotherapy can be thought of as a way to damage or stress cells , which may then lead to cell death if apoptosis is initiated . Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs : cells in the bone marrow , digestive tract and hair follicles . This results in the most common side-effects of chemotherapy : myelosuppression ( decreased production of blood cells , hence also immunosuppression ) , mucositis ( inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract ) , and alopecia ( hair loss ) . Because of the effect on immune cells ( especially lymphocytes ) , chemotherapy drugs often find use in a host of diseases that result from harmful overactivity of the immune system against self ( so-called autoimmunity ) . These include rheumatoid arthritis , systemic lupus erythematosus , multiple sclerosis , vasculitis and many others .

neg: Expanded Criteria Donor Expanded Criteria Donor ( ECD ) is normally associated with deceased or living kidney donors . They are also referred to as donors with `` medical complexities '' . ECD donors are normally aged 60 years or older , or over 50 years with at least two of the following conditions : hypertension history , serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl or cause of death from cerebrovascular accident .   Of the 9319 living kidney donations reported in the American Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network ( OPTN ) / United Network for Organ Sharing ( UNOS ) database from July 2004 to December 2005 , 368 ( 4.0 % ) donors were over the age  of 60 ( of which 86 -LSB- 0.9 % -RSB- were over the age of 65 ) , 956 ( 10.3 % ) had hypertension , 2785 ( 29.9 % ) had an eGFR <  80 mL/min per 1.73 m2 ( of which 392 -LSB- 4.2 % -RSB- had an eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 ) and 1194 ( 12.8 % ) had a BMI  > 30 kg/m2 ( of which 250 -LSB- 2.7 % -RSB- had a BMI > 35 kg/m2 )   The concept of ECD was raised to address the discrepancy between demand and supply in kidney transplantation .

neg: Economic credentialing Economic credentialing is a term of disapproval used by the American Medical Association ( AMA ) . The association defines the term as `` the use of economic criteria unrelated to quality of care or professional competence in determining a physician 's qualifications for initial or continuing hospital medical staff membership or privileges . ''   Traditionally , physicians applied for hospital staff membership based on education , medical licensure and a record of quality care . Privileges are requests to perform certain procedures or use certain skills based on training and experience . For example , an obstetrician and a family practitioner might request privileges for both routine deliveries and caesarean sections . Typically an obstetrician could demonstrate enough experience and be granted those privileges . The FP might obtain both procedures or be restricted to routine deliveries only , or none at all , based on hospital policy .   As medical costs have increased and reimbursement has declined or been stagnant , both hospitals and physicians have come under increasing financial pressure . One response by physicians has been the formation of specialty hospitals or diagnostic centers with physician ownership . Some hospitals have seen this as a threat to their economic interests and have denied or revoked membership and privileges of the physician owners .

neg: Psycho-oncology Psycho-oncology is a field of interdisciplinary study and practice at the intersection of lifestyle , psychology and oncology . It is concerned with aspects of cancer that go beyond medical treatment and include lifestyle , psychological and social aspects of cancer . Sometimes it is also referred to as psychosocial oncology or behavioral oncology because it deals with psychosocial and behavioral topics . The field is concerned both with the effects of cancer on a person 's psychological health as well as the social and behavioral factors that may affect the disease process of cancer and/or the remission of it .   This is where the effects of :  Chemobrain or post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment `` PCCI '' would be addressed .  Radiation induced cognitive decline issues .  Placebo effect and the nocebo effect will be studied .  Self care issues are studied .  Transition to survivorship phase of cancer journey ( See : Cancer survivor )   Psycho-oncology , as a subspeciality , addresses the two major psychological dimensions of cancer : the psychological responses of patients to cancer at all stages of the disease and that of their families and caretakers ( called oncopsychology ) ; and the psychological , behavioral and social factors that may influence the disease process ( called psychosocial-oncology ) .   Psycho-oncology is an area of multi-disciplinary interest and has boundaries with the major specialities in oncology : the clinical disciplines ( surgery , medicine , pediatrics , radiotherapy ) , epidemiology , immunology , endocrinology , biology , pathology , bioethics , palliative care , rehabilitation medicine , clinical trials research and decision making , as well as psychiatry and psychology .

neg: Patient Self-Determination Act The Patient Self-Determination Act ( PSDA ) was passed by the United States Congress in 1990 as an amendment to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 . Effective on December 1 , 1991 , this legislation required many hospitals , nursing homes , home health agencies , hospice providers , health maintenance organizations ( HMOs ) , and other health care institutions to provide information about advance health care directives to adult patients upon their admission to the healthcare facility . This law does not apply to individual physicians .   Because the 1991 PSDA does not apply to individual physicians , private clinics and practices , most of which are incorporated for-profit organizations , the problem of cruel over treatment for profit of the elderly on Medicare/Medicaid was not controlled to the extent that Congress hoped would be possible when the states would implement the goals of the 1991 PSDA in state laws . ( Recently , in 2012 , the newspapers have revealed that The United States Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Justice have cooperated to prosecute over treatment of patients under the federal False Claims Act . ) The goals of the 1991 PSDA are covered in the PURPOSE section , below .   Section 1233 of the proposed America 's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 ( H.R. 3200 ) would have authorized reimbursements for physician counseling regarding advance directives ( once every five years ) but it was not included in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 because of controversy over what were characterized as `` death panels . ''   Unfortunately , because the law of the 1991 PSDA does not require or mandate the treating physicians -- after an educated `` terminal '' prognosis that is shared with the patient -- to seek informed consent from elderly and terminal Medicare/Medicaid patients for either Curative Care under Medicare or palliative care , transition to Hospice in the last six months of life ( also paid or out of the Medicare purse ) , the goals of the PSDA are not realized . Patient self rationing of expensive medical care at the end of life through the process of the advance directive under the provisions of the 1991 PSDA is discouraged because the patients have not had end-of-life conversations with the treating physicians .

neg: Immunosuppressive drug Immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressive agents or antirejection medications are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system . They are used in immunosuppressive therapy to :  Prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and tissues ( e.g. , bone marrow , heart , kidney , liver )  Treat autoimmune diseases or diseases that are most likely of autoimmune origin ( e.g. , rheumatoid arthritis , multiple sclerosis , myasthenia gravis , psoriasis , vitiligo , systemic lupus erythematosus , sarcoidosis , focal segmental glomerulosclerosis , Crohn 's disease , Behcet 's Disease , pemphigus , and ulcerative colitis ) .  Treat some other non-autoimmune inflammatory diseases ( e.g. , long term allergic asthma control ) , ankylosing spondylitis .   A common side-effect of many immunosuppressive drugs is immunodeficiency , because the majority of them act non-selectively , resulting in increased susceptibility to infections and decreased cancer immunosurveillance . There are also other side-effects , such as hypertension , dyslipidemia , hyperglycemia , peptic ulcers , lipodystrophy , moon face , liver and kidney injury . The immunosuppressive drugs also interact with other medicines and affect their metabolism and action . Actual or suspected immunosuppressive agents can be evaluated in terms of their effects on lymphocyte subpopulations in tissues using immunohistochemistry .   Immunosuppressive drugs can be classified into five groups :  glucocorticoids  cytostatics  antibodies  drugs acting on immunophilins  other drugs .

neg: Drug therapy problems Drug therapy problems ( DTPs ) ( or drug related problems , DRPs ) represent the categorization and definition of clinical problems related to the use of medications or `` drugs '' in the field of pharmaceutical care . In the course of clinical practice , DTPs are often identified , prevented , and/or resolved by pharmacists in the course of medication therapy management , as experts on the safety and efficacy of medications , but other healthcare professionals may also manage DTPs .   A drug-therapy ( related ) problem can be defined as an event or circumstance involving drug treatment ( pharmacotherapy ) that interferes with the optimal provision of medical care . In 1990 , L.M. Strand and her colleagues ( based on the previous work of R.L Mikeal and D.C Brodie , published respectively in 1975 and 1980 ) classified the DTPs into eight different categories . According to these categories , pharmacists generated a list of the DTPs for each patient . As a result , pharmacists had a cleaner picture of the patient 's drug therapy and medical conditions . A second publication of R.J Cipolle with L.M Strand in 1998 , change the eight categories into seven , grouped in four Pharmacotherapy needs : indication , effectiveness , safety and adherence .

neg: Evidence-based practice Evidence-based practice ( EBP ) is an interdisciplinary approach to clinical practice that has been gaining ground following its formal introduction in 1992 . It started in medicine as evidence-based medicine ( EBM ) and spread to other fields such as audiology , speech-language pathology , dentistry , nursing , child life specialty , psychology , social work , education , library and information science . EBP is traditionally defined in terms of a `` three legged stool '' integrating three basic principles : ( 1 ) the best available research evidence bearing on whether and why a treatment works , ( 2 ) clinical expertise ( clinical judgment and experience ) to rapidly identify each patient 's unique health state and diagnosis , their individual risks and benefits of potential interventions , and ( 3 ) client preferences and values   Evidence-based behavioral practice ( EBBP ) `` entails making decisions about how to promote health or provide care by integrating the best available evidence with practitioner expertise and other resources , and with the characteristics , state , needs , values and preferences of those who will be affected . This is done in a manner that is compatible with the environmental and organizational context . Evidence is research findings derived from the systematic collection of data through observation and experiment and the formulation of questions and testing of hypotheses '' .

neg: Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism ( PE ) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream ( embolism ) . Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath , chest pain particularly upon breathing in , and coughing up blood . Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present such as a red , warm , swollen , and painful leg . Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels , rapid breathing , rapid heart rate , and sometimes a mild fever . Severe cases can lead to passing out , abnormally low blood pressure , and sudden death .   PE usually results from a blood clot in the leg that travels to the lung . The risk of blood clots is increased by cancer , prolonged bed rest , smoking , stroke , certain genetic conditions , estrogen-based medication , pregnancy , obesity , and after some types of surgery . A small proportion of cases are due to the embolization of air , fat , or amniotic fluid . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in combination with test results . If the risk is low a blood test known as a D-dimer will rule out the condition . Otherwise a CT pulmonary angiography , lung ventilation/perfusion scan , or ultrasound of the legs may confirm the diagnosis . Together deep vein thrombosis and PE are known as venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) .   Efforts to prevent PE include beginning to move as soon as possible after surgery , lower leg exercises during periods of sitting , and the use of blood thinners after some types of surgery . Treatment is typically with blood thinners such as heparin or warfarin . Often these are recommended for six months or longer . Severe cases may require thrombolysis using medication such as tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , or may require surgery such as a pulmonary thrombectomy . If blood thinners are not appropriate , a vena cava filter may be used .   Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe . In the United States between 300,000 and 600,000 cases occur each year , which results in between 50,000 and 200,000 deaths . Rates are similar in males and females . They become more common as people get older .

neg: Polyclinics in England Polyclinics in England were intended to offer a greater range of services than were offered by current general practitioner ( GP ) practices and local health centres . In addition to traditional GP services they would offer extended urgent care , healthy living services , community mental health services and social care , whilst being more accessible and less medicalised than hospitals . A variety of models were proposed , ranging from networks of existing clinics to larger premises with several colocated general practitioner ( GP ) practices , more extensive facilities and additional services provided by allied healthcare professionals .   The incoming health secretary in May 2010 Andrew Lansley put on hold all plans to increase numbers of polyclinics and to relocate GPs to them pending a review of policy under the new coalition government , after a review by management consultants McKinsey revealed `` NHS managers had vastly overestimated the ability of polysystems to handle the shift in care from hospitals and revolutionise GP care '' .

neg: Predictive medicine Predictive medicine is a field of medicine that entails predicting the probability of disease and instituting preventive measures in order to either prevent the disease altogether or significantly decrease its impact upon the patient ( such as by preventing mortality or limiting morbidity ) . While different prediction methodologies exist , such as genomics , proteomics , and cytomics , the most fundamental way to predict future disease is based on genetics . Although proteomics and cytomics allow for the early detection of disease , much of the time those detect biological markers that exist because a disease process has already started . However , comprehensive genetic testing ( such as through the use of DNA arrays or full genome sequencing ) allows for the estimation of disease risk years to decades before any disease even exists , or even whether a healthy fetus is at higher risk for developing a disease in adolescence or adulthood . Individuals who are more susceptible to disease in the future can be offered lifestyle advice or medication with the aim of preventing the predicted illness . Current genetic testing guidelines supported by the health care professionals discourage purely predictive genetic testing of minors until they are competent to understand the relevancy of genetic screening so as to allow them to participate in the decision about whether or not it is appropriate for them . Genetic screening of newborns and children in the field of predictive medicine is deemed appropriate if there is a compelling clinical reason to do so , such as the availability of prevention or treatment as a child that would prevent future disease .

neg: Cancer prevention Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the risk of cancer . The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors , and many , but not all , of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices . Greater than 30 % of cancer deaths could be prevented by avoiding risk factors including : tobacco , overweight / obesity , an insufficient diet , physical inactivity , alcohol , sexually transmitted infections , and air pollution . Not all environmental causes are controllable , such as naturally occurring background radiation , and other cases of cancer are caused through hereditary genetic disorders , and thus it is not possible to prevent all cases of cancer .

neg: Electrodiagnostic medicine Electrodiagnosis ( EDX ) is a method of medical diagnosis that obtains information about diseases by passively recording the electrical activity of body parts ( that is , their natural electrophysiology ) or by measuring their response to external electrical stimuli ( evoked potentials ) . The most widely used methods of recording spontaneous electrical activity are various forms of electrodiagnostic testing ( electrography ) such as electrocardiography ( ECG ) , electroencephalography ( EEG ) , and electromyography ( EMG ) . Electrodiagnostic medicine ( also EDX ) is a medical subspecialty of neurology , clinical neurophysiology , cardiology , and physical medicine and rehabilitation . Electrodiagnostic physicians apply electrophysiologic techniques , including needle electromyography and nerve conduction studies to diagnose , evaluate , and treat people with impairments of the neurologic , neuromuscular , and/or muscular systems . The provision of a quality electrodiagnostic medical evaluation requires extensive scientific knowledge that includes anatomy and physiology of the peripheral nerves and muscles , the physics and biology of the electrical signals generated by muscle and nerve , the instrumentation used to process these signals , and techniques for clinical evaluation of diseases of the peripheral nerves and sensory pathways


query: The Chainsmokers are Grammy Award winners.

pos: The Chainsmokers The Chainsmokers are an American DJ/producer duo consisting of Andrew Taggart and Alex Pall . The EDM-pop duo achieved a breakthrough with their 2014 song '' #Selfie '' , which was a top twenty single in several countries . Their debut EP , Bouquet was released in October 2015 and featured the single `` Roses '' , which reached the top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Do n't Let Me Down '' became their first top 5 single there and won the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording at the 59th awards ceremony , while `` Closer '' became their first number-one single on the chart . They have also won an American Music Award and five iHeartRadio Music Awards .   The duo 's second EP Collage was released in November 2016 , consisting of several previously released singles . Their debut studio album Memories ... Do Not Open was released in April 2017 .

neg: The Miracles discography The Miracles were the Motown Record Corporation 's first group and its first million-selling recording artists . During their nineteen-year run on the American music charts , The Miracles charted over fifty hits and recorded in the genres of doo wop , soul , disco , and R&B . Twenty-six Miracles songs reached the Top Ten of the Billboard R&B singles chart , including four R&B number ones . Sixteen of the Miracles ' songs charted within the Top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100 , with seven of those songs reaching the Top Ten and two -- 1970 's `` The Tears of a Clown '' and 1975 's `` Love Machine '' ( Part 1 ) -- reaching number-one . A third song , the million-selling `` Shop Around '' reached # 1 on the Cash Box magazine Pop chart . The Miracles also scored 11 U.S. R&B Top 10 Albums , including 2 - # 1 's .  According to several websites , the Miracles are one of the most oft-covered groups in recorded history and the most covered Motown group ever . Their music and songs have influenced artists all over the world -- in every major musical genre -- over the last 50 years . They also have the distinction of having more songs inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame than any other Motown group .   ( Original lineup : Claudette Rogers Robinson , Bobby Rogers , Ronnie White , Smokey Robinson , Marv Tarplin , Pete Moore ) . All releases were on Motown Records ' Tamla subsidiary label unless otherwise indicated .   In the 1960s , Motown Record Corporation , like many independent labels , did not register sales figures through the RIAA , the organization that certifies and awards Gold Records . So it is difficult to determine the full number of Miracles songs and recordings that sold a million or more records . Also , with the passing of decades of time , some songs that did not sell a million records on their initial release may have indeed done so over the years . However , several reference works , such as the books Hits Of The Sixties : The Million Sellers by Demitri Coryton & Joseph Murrells , as well as The Book Of Golden Discs - by Joseph Murrells - point out that the Miracles had several million - selling records during their career , including the following : Shop Around ( 1961 ) , You 've Really Got a Hold on Me ( 1962 ) , Mickey 's Monkey ( 1963 ) , The Tracks Of My Tears ( 1965 ) , Going To A Go-Go , ( single and album ) ( 1965 ) , I Second That Emotion ( 1967 ) , Baby Baby Do n't Cry ( 1969 ) , The Tears of a Clown * ( 1970 ) , Do It Baby ( 1974 ) , Love Machine * ( 1975 ) , and the Platinum album City Of Angels ( 1975 ) . This is quite probably an incomplete list , since Miracle Pete Moore states on his corporate website , that The Miracles actually had 12 Gold Records to their credit by 1967 , including 1965 's Ooo Baby Baby .   multi-million sellers .  Note : The Miracles ' 2006 DVD release The Definitive Performances ( 1963 -- 1987 ) was also certified Gold by the R.I.A.A.

neg: Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . ''   According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 .   As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 .   The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures .   There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' .   Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .

neg: American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist The American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R & B Female Artist has been awarded since 1974 .   Years reflect the year during which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year ( until 2003 onward , when awards were handed out on November of the same year ) .   The all-time winner in this category is Rihanna with 6 wins .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Nickelback Nickelback is a Canadian rock band formed in Hanna , Alberta by Chad Kroeger , Mike Kroeger , Ryan Peake , and then-drummer Brandon Kroeger ( who has since been replaced by Daniel Adair ) . The band has released eight studio albums : Curb ( 1996 ) , The State ( 2000 ) , Silver Side Up ( 2001 ) , The Long Road ( 2003 ) , All the Right Reasons ( 2005 ) , Dark Horse ( 2008 ) , Here and Now ( 2011 ) and No Fixed Address ( 2014 ) . Along with this , Nickelback also published two other albums which were a collection of their most well-known songs so far : Three-Sided Coin ( 2002 ) and The Best of Nickelback Volume 1 ( 2013 ) . `` How You Remind Me '' , the first single from the band 's third album Silver Side Up , is Nickelback 's highest charting single ; it peaked at # 1 on Billboard '' 's Hot 100 , Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks , Hot Modern Rock Tracks , and Canadian Hot 100 music charts . The band 's fifth studio album , All the Right Reasons '' , has been their highest-selling album , with over 11 million copies sold worldwide as of late 2007 .   Nickelback has been recognized by several Canadian awards ceremonies ; the band has received twelve awards from twenty-eight nominations at the Juno Awards and seven awards from fifteen nominations at the MuchMusic Video Awards . Nickelback has also received two awards from six nominations at the American Music Awards and three awards from five nominations at the Billboard Music Awards . The band has received six nominations from the Grammy Awards but has not won any of them . In 2006 , Nickelback receive an award at the World Music Awards for World 's Best Selling Rock Artist , beating some well-known artists like Green Day , Red Hot Chili Peppers and Coldplay . The group was inducted into Canada 's Walk of Fame in 2007 . In the same year received an award for People 's Choice Awards for the category Favorite Group . Overall , Nickelback has received 32 awards from 78 nominations .

neg: Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s .   Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it .   The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .

neg: Turtleneck & Chain Turtleneck & Chain is the second studio album of the American comedy troupe The Lonely Island , whose members are Andy Samberg , Akiva Schaffer , and Jorma Taccone . The album was released May 10 , 2011 , on Universal Republic Records . Turtleneck & Chain was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album . Many of the songs on the album debuted on Saturday Night Live as SNL Digital Shorts ( `` I Just Had Sex '' , `` Jack Sparrow '' , `` Shy Ronnie 2 : Ronnie & Clyde '' , `` Motherlover '' , `` The Creep '' , `` Threw It on the Ground '' , `` Reba ( Two Worlds Collide ) '' , and `` Great Day '' ) . `` We 're Back '' premiered on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon . The CD version of the album also includes a DVD featuring some of the digital shorts . Collaborators on the album include Snoop Dogg , Akon , Rihanna , Justin Timberlake , Nicki Minaj , Michael Bolton , Santigold , John Waters , and Beck .

neg: Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop/Rock Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop/Rock Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards , a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally . It is one of the new categories added for the Latin Grammy Awards of 2012   In 2014 , Somos by Jarabe de Palo was the first album to be nominated for this award and for Album of the Year .   In 2016 , Algo Sucede by Julieta Venegas was nominated for this award and for Album of the Year .

neg: Michael McDonald (musician) Michael McDonald ( born February 12 , 1952 ) is an American singer , songwriter , keyboardist and record producer .   McDonald 's music career spans more than forty years . His early career included singing with Steely Dan . He joined The Doobie Brothers in 1976 and remained an integral member until 1982 , after which he released the first of eight solo albums . During his career , he has collaborated with a number of other artists , including Kenny Loggins , David Cassidy , Van Halen , Patti LaBelle , The Winans , Aretha Franklin , Toto , Grizzly Bear , and Thundercat . He has also recorded for television and film soundtracks . During his career , McDonald has won five Grammy Awards .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Depeche Mode Depeche Mode has received five Grammy nominations . The band 's first Grammy nomination occurred when Devotional was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video in 1995 . Depeche Mode has also received Grammy nominations for Best Dance Recording for `` I Feel Loved '' , `` Suffer Well '' and `` Wrong '' . On 2 November 2006 , Depeche Mode received the MTV Europe Music Award in the Best Group category , the band won the first-ever Q Magazine `` Innovation Award '' on 22 October 2002 . `` Enjoy the Silence '' won ` Best British single ' at the 1991 Brit Awards . The band was ranked No. 144 on Acclaimed Music 's list of The Top 1000 Artists of All Time .

neg: Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Classical The Grammy Award for Producer of the Year , Classical is an honor presented to record producers for quality classical music productions at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .   Originally known as the Grammy Award for Classical Producer of the Year , the award was first presented to James Mallinson at the 22nd Grammy Awards ( 1980 ) . The name remained unchanged until 1998 , when the category became known as Producer of the Year , Classical . According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to album producers `` whose recordings , released for the first time during the eligibility year , represent consistently outstanding creativity in the production of classical recordings '' . Producers must have produced at least 51 % playing time on three separately released recordings ( only one of which can be an opera released in DVD format ) . Producers may submit content as a team only if they worked together exclusively during the period of eligibility .  Anthony Tommasini , music critic for The New York Times , asserted that `` In the struggling field of classical recording , it 's the producers who take the real risks and make things happen . '' The honor is presented alongside the award for Producer of the Year , Non-Classical .   As of 2015 , Steven Epstein and Robert Woods share the record of the most wins , with seven each . Judith Sherman has won the award four times , while David Frost and James Mallinson have been presented the award three times each . Two-time recipients include Joanna Nickrenz ( once alongside Marc Aubort ) . Woods ' wife , Elaine Martone , received the honor in 2007 . David Frost is the son of Thomas Frost , who received an award in the same category in 1987 .

neg: Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) .   Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president .   Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially .   The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn .   In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 .   Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician .   The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years .   In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal The Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal was awarded from 1970 to 2011 . The award has had several minor name changes :   In 1970 the award was known as Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group  From 1971 to 1981 it was awarded as Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group  From 1982 to the present it has been awarded as Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal   The award was discontinued after the 2011 Grammy Awards in a major overhaul of Grammy categories . From 2012 , all duo or group performances in the country category were shifted to the newly formed Best Country Duo/Group Performance category .   Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . It was first awarded in 2012 , after a major overhaul of Grammy Award categories .  The award combines the previous categories for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal , Best Country Collaboration with Vocals and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if the instrumental recording is performed by a duo or group ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards .   According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for duo/group or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only .

neg: 35th GMA Dove Awards The 35th Annual GMA Music Awards ( the show had a name change in 2004-05 ) were held on April 28 , 2004 recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 2003 . The show was held at the Municipal Auditorium in Nashville , Tennessee , and was hosted by Deion Sanders and Yolanda Adams .   Nominations were announced months earlier by Steven Curtis Chapman and Toby McKeehan .   The event was transmitted live to theaters in 50 cities as part of Regal Entertainment Group `` One Night Only '' event . The livecast was shown at Regal Cinemas , United Artists Theatres , and Edwards Theatres . There was no delayed television broadcast , as part of a controversial move by broadcast rights holder United Paramount Network , scorned by Sanders for leaving CBS ' The NFL Today ( UPN owned CBS ) in favour of Disney 's NFL Countdown in the weeks between the awards ceremony and broadcast date , cancelled the television broadcast . This move was similar to a 1989 incident on CBS ' 60 Minutes when a story on Richard Petty intending to air on the show in the weeks before the Daytona 500 was cancelled following reporter Diane Sawyer 's defection to ABC . ( That story was later edited and rewritten with Harry Reasoner the following season . )   The ceremony was eventually broadcast in December 2004 on Pax ( now Ion Television ) .   MercyMe won Artist of the Year , plus two other awards , while Jeremy Camp was awarded New Artist of the Year .

neg: Tim & Bob Tim & Bob ( Tim Kelley and Bob Robinson ) , also known as Funktwons , are Grammy Award-winning songwriting musicians and a Hip-hop/R & B production duo . Tim & Bob have discovered and or worked on some of the biggest artists in the music industry and has helped develop the Atlanta music scene as it is widely known for today . They have won three Grammy Awards amongst twelve nominations and have sold more than 300 million albums worldwide making them one of the most successful producer duos in music history . They are among the most consistent urban producers in the last 18 years , earning a spot on Billboard 's top ten list of producers almost every year since 1998 .

neg: Marilyn Manson discography American industrial metal band Marilyn Manson has released nine studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs , twenty-four singles , nine promo singles , five DVDs , and thirty-four music videos .   After forming in 1989 and signing a contract with Nothing Records and Interscope in 1993 , the band released their first studio album , Portrait of an American Family ( 1994 ) . Although initially not a commercial success , the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies . Spurred by their hit single -- a version of the Eurythmics 's `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' -- the band 's first EP , Smells Like Children ( 1995 ) , became a commercial success , selling over a million copies in the US alone . In 1996 , the band released their second studio album , Antichrist Superstar , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 1.9 million copies in the US . The album went on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide , and was supported by the release of 1997 's Remix & Repent EP . Their third studio album , Mechanical Animals ( 1998 ) , was a commercial and critical success , reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , as well topping the charts in as Australia and Canada . Mechanical Animals was later followed by their first live album , The Last Tour on Earth ( 1999 ) , which included the promotional single `` Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes '' .   In 2000 , the band released Holy Wood ( In the Shadow of the Valley of Death ) , which managed to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide . Their fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque ( 2003 ) , was a modest commercial success in their native US , debuting at No. 1 with sales of 118,000 copies . As of November 2008 , the album has sold 526,000 copies in the US . In contrast , the album was , by far , Manson 's most successful internationally , peaking within the top five in most of the major European markets . Their sixth album , Eat Me , Drink Me , was released in 2007 and debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 . The High End of Low ( 2009 ) , reached No. 4 on both the US and Canadian album charts , but was their last album released by Interscope . After signing a deal with Cooking Vinyl , the band released Born Villain in 2012 . Their ninth studio album , The Pale Emperor , was released on January 20 , 2015 , debuting at No. 8 in the US with their highest first week sales since Eat Me , Drink Me in 2007 .

neg: American Recordings (record label) American Recordings is a Los Angeles-based record label headed by record producer Rick Rubin . Formerly known as Def American Recordings , the label has been home to Slayer , the Black Crowes , ZZ Top , Danzig , Trouble , Tom Petty , Johnny Cash , The Mother Hips , and System of a Down , among others .

neg: Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist .   It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . ''   The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist .   Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 .   Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year .   1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .

neg: Juno Awards of 2006 The Juno Awards of 2006 were held in Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada on the weekend of 31 March to 2 April 2006 . These ceremonies honour music industry achievements in Canada during the previous year .   The primary ceremonies were hosted by Pamela Anderson at the Halifax Metro Centre on 2 April and televised on CTV . Buck 65 was the ceremony 's introduction and preview announcer . Music artists Bedouin Soundclash , Broken Social Scene , Divine Brown , Hedley , Massari and Nickelback performed songs at these ceremonies . Also performing were the co-winners for the 2006 International Album of the Year , The Black Eyed Peas and Coldplay .   Bryan Adams was the 2006 inductee into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame . Chris Martin of Coldplay introduced Adams at the primary ceremony .   Michael Bublé won four awards , more than any other individual that year . Besides winning Artist of the Year , his album It 's Time won in both the Album of the Year and Pop Album of the Year categories . His song `` Home '' from that album was declared Single of the Year .   Awards for most categories were presented on 1 April in a non-televised ceremony at the Halifax World Trade and Convention Centre hosted by Jully Black , with performances by Kardinal Offishall , The Road Hammers and Martha Wainwright . This Saturday gala included the presentation of the Junos ' first Humanitarian award to Bruce Cockburn . The Walt Grealis Special Achievement Award was given to True North Records founder Bernie Finkelstein .