query: Jennifer Lawrence's films including The Hunger Games franchise have grossed over $5.5 billion worldwide.

pos: Jennifer Lawrence Jennifer Shrader Lawrence ( born August 15 , 1990 ) is an American actress . Since 2015 , Lawrence has been the highest-paid actress in the world , and her films have grossed over $ 5.5 billion worldwide . She appeared in Time 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and Forbes Celebrity 100 the following year and in 2016 .   During her childhood , Lawrence performed in church plays and school musicals . When she was 14 , a talent scout spotted her in New York . She then moved to Los Angeles and began her acting career by playing guest roles in television shows . Her first major role came as a main cast member on the sitcom The Bill Engvall Show ( 2007 -- 2009 ) . Lawrence made her film debut with a supporting role in Garden Party ( 2008 ) , and had her breakthrough playing a poverty-stricken teenager in the independent drama Winter 's Bone ( 2010 ) . She achieved wider recognition for playing the mutant Mystique in X-Men : First Class ( 2011 ) , a role she reprised in later installments of the series .   Lawrence 's fame continued to grow with her starring role as Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger Games film series ( 2012 -- 2015 ) , which established her as the highest-grossing action heroine of all time . She went on to earn various accolades from her collaborations with director David O. Russell . Her performance as a depressed widow in the romance film Silver Linings Playbook ( 2012 ) received an Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the second youngest Best Actress Oscar winner . Lawrence subsequently won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for playing a troubled wife in the black comedy American Hustle ( 2013 ) . She also received Golden Globe Awards for her roles in both of these films and for playing the eponymous inventor in the biopic Joy ( 2015 ) .   Lawrence is known in the media for being a vocal advocate of feminism and gender equality , and is the founder of the Jennifer Lawrence Foundation through which she supports various charitable organizations .

neg: James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny .   The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time .   The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .

neg: Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .

neg: G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .

neg: Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs .   Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .

neg: List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles .   Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive .   Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture .   At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .

neg: Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema .   In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe .   The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt .   The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity .   The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .

neg: Fahrenheit (2005 video game) Fahrenheit ( known as Indigo Prophecy in North America ) is a cinematic interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Atari , Inc. for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox . The director 's cut and uncut versions were later released for Microsoft Windows . Fahrenheit has sold over 700,000 units worldwide since it was released in September 2005 and has won several awards . On 4 December 2007 , Atari released the game for Xbox 360 through Xbox Originals .   On 8 November 2011 , Quantic Dream released the game uncensored for PC through GOG.com . A remastered version of the game , entitled Fahrenheit : Indigo Prophecy Remastered , was developed and published by Aspyr in January 2015 for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux and iOS . A port for the PlayStation 4 , which was developed by International Software Development Group at Sony Interactive Entertainment , was released on 9 August 2016 via PlayStation Network .   In this paranormal thriller , New York City experiences a series of mysterious murders that follow the same pattern ; ordinary people become possessed and kill strangers in public . The main characters of the story must uncover the supernatural forces behind these crimes . Publicity was generated from the developer 's rejection of conventional game genre labeling ; preferring to brand it as the first `` interactive film '' rather than an adventure or third-person action title . The game features motion captured animation as well as branching story lines , split screen cameras and an interface designed to be intuitive and realistic . Event triggers in the game are also mainly time-based , as opposed to the more common player-initiated progression found in most games .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lopez is an American singer , actress , dancer , fashion designer and producer . She began her career as an actress for a minor role in the film My Little Girl . Lopez gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 , where she remained for two seasons and remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . She received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997 which made $ 35.5 million at box office . She ventured into the music industry in 1999 , with her debut studio album , On the 6 , preceded by the number-one single `` If You Had My Love '' . In 2001 , she released her second studio album J.Lo which sold over 12 million copies worldwide . she has released eight studio albums overall , as of today . Lopez has sold over 80 million records worldwide . She has won 133 awards from 324 nominations including 3 American Music Awards , 1 BET Awards , 1 Billboard Music Award , 10 Billboard Latin Music Awards , and 2 World Music Awards . In 2014 , she received the prestigious Billboard Icon Award for her contribution in music .

neg: Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' .   Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .

neg: Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .

neg: Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 .   Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) .   Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption .   Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity .   Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script .   Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .

neg: List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross .   Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive .   Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .

neg: The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy .   The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels .   In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming .   Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries .   Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .

neg: Romeo + Juliet William Shakespeare 's Romeo + Juliet ( shortened to Romeo + Juliet ) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Baz Luhrmann , co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli and co-written by Craig Pearce , being an adaption and modernization of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet , who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her despite them being members of the Montague and Capulet family ; Brian Dennehy , John Leguizamo , Pete Postlethwaite , Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora star in supporting roles .   While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue , the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires ( with legitimate business fronts ) and swords are replaced with guns ( with brand names such as `` Dagger '' and `` Sword '' ) . Some of the characters ' names are also changed . Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names ( as opposed to the Shakespeare original where their first names are never mentioned ) , Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence , and Prince Escalus is renamed Captain Prince . There is also no Friar John , who was in the original play . Also , some characters were switched from one family to the other -- in the original , Gregory and Sampson are Capulets , but in the film , they are Montagues . ( Abram , as Abra , and Petruchio , conversely , are shifted from the Montague to the Capulet family . ) In addition , a few plot details are shifted , most notably near the ending .   The film was released on November 1 , 1996 by 20th Century Fox to commercial and generally critical success , grossing over $ 147.5 million over a $ 14.5 million budget and receiving generally positive reviews . At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 , DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize . Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture . At the 69th Academy Awards , Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: Gamer (film) Gamer is a 2009 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor . The film stars Gerard Butler as a participant in an online game in which participants can control human beings as players , and Logan Lerman as the player who controls him . Alongside Butler and Lerman , it also stars Michael C. Hall , Ludacris , Amber Valletta , Terry Crews , Alison Lohman , John Leguizamo , and Zoe Bell .   Gamer was released in North America on September 4 , 2009 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics , who found the plot , direction , and script disappointing , though its performances , effects , and action sequences were praised . It received a mixed reception from audiences , and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 42 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 50 million .

neg: The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home .   The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures .   The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .


query: Bob Arum worked for the US Attorney's Office.

pos: Bob Arum Robert Arum ( born December 8 , 1931 ) is an American lawyer , boxing promoter and businessman . He is the founder and CEO of Top Rank , a professional boxing promotion company based in Las Vegas . He also worked for the US Attorney 's Office for the southern district of New York in the tax division during his legal career before moving into boxing promotion .

neg: United States v. Windsor United States v. Windsor , ( Docket No . ) , is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of `` marriage '' and `` spouse '' to apply only to opposite-sex unions , by Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) , is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment ; Justice Kennedy wrote : `` The federal statute is invalid , for no legitimate purpose overcomes the purpose and effect to disparage and to injure those whom the State , by its marriage laws , sought to protect in personhood and dignity . ''   Edith Windsor ( born 1929 ) and Thea Spyer ( October 8 , 1931 -- February 5 , 2009 ) , a same-sex couple residing in New York , were lawfully married in Toronto , Canada , in 2007 . Later in 2008 , New York recognized their marriage following a court decision . Spyer died at the age of 77 in 2009 , leaving her entire estate to Windsor . Windsor sought to claim the federal estate tax exemption for surviving spouses . She was barred from doing so by Section 3 of DOMA ( codified at ) , which provided that the term `` spouse '' only applied to marriages between a man and woman . The Internal Revenue Service found that the exemption did not apply to same-sex marriages , denied Windsor 's claim , and compelled her to pay $ 363,053 in estate taxes .   On November 9 , 2010 , Windsor sued the federal government in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York , seeking a refund because DOMA singled out legally married same-sex couples for `` differential treatment compared to other similarly situated couples without justification . '' On February 23 , 2011 , U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Department of Justice would not defend the constitutionality of Section 3 in Windsor . On April 18 , 2011 , Paul Clement , representing the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group ( BLAG ) , intervened to defend the law . On June 6 , 2012 , Judge Barbara S. Jones ruled that Section 3 of DOMA was unconstitutional under the due process guarantees of the Fifth Amendment and ordered the federal government to issue the tax refund , including interest . The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit , in a 2 -- 1 decision , affirmed the district court 's judgment on October 18 , 2012 .   BLAG petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decision , and the Court issued a writ of certiorari in December 2012 . On March 27 , 2013 , the court heard oral arguments . On June 26 , 2013 , the U.S. Supreme Court issued a 5 -- 4 decision declaring Section 3 of DOMA to be unconstitutional `` as a deprivation of the liberty of the person protected by the Fifth Amendment . ''   On the same day , the court also issued a separate 5 -- 4 decision in Hollingsworth v. Perry -- a case related to California 's constitutional amendment initiative barring same-sex marriage . The decision effectively allowed same-sex marriages in that state to resume after the court ruled that the proponents of the initiative lacked Article III standing to appeal in federal court based on its established interpretation of the case or controversy clause .

neg: Bob Butterworth Robert A. `` Bob '' Butterworth , Jr. ( born August 20 , 1942 ) is an American attorney and politician from the U.S. state of Florida .

neg: Of counsel Of counsel is , in the legal profession of the United States , often the title of an attorney who has a relationship with a law firm or an organization , but is not an associate or a partner . Some firms use titles such as `` counsel '' , `` special counsel '' , and `` senior counsel '' for the same concept . According to American Bar Association Formal Opinion 90-357 , the term `` of counsel '' is to describe a `` close , personal , continuous , and regular relationship '' between the firm and counsel lawyer . In large law firms , the title generally denotes a lawyer with the experience of a partner , but who does not carry the same workload or business development responsibility .

neg: United States v. Vampire Nation United States v. Vampire Nation , 451 F. 3d 189 , is a 2006 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit regarding the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and asset forfeiture . A three-judge panel unanimously affirmed the conviction and sentence of Frederick Banks , a Pittsburgh man , on numerous felony charges resulting from fraudulent schemes carried out over the Internet . The case takes its title , which has been singled out as memorable and included among lists of amusingly titled cases , from one of Banks ' aliases , an electronic music group of which he was the sole regular member . He had filed the appeal under that name while representing himself .   Banks had been offering discounted versions of Microsoft software online under different names as an Amazon.com reseller . His products were either pirated or deficient , costing some customers thousands of dollars , and eventually one complained to the FBI , who arrested Banks after a short investigation . At trial a jury convicted him of mail fraud , criminal copyright infringement and several other charges .   The judge sentenced Banks to five years in prison , varying the sentence upward by three months from the maximum range specified by the sentencing guidelines . An in personam criminal forfeiture judgment was also entered against him . Banks appealed to the Third Circuit , citing those among seven possible grounds for reversing the conviction . Foremost among them , he argued that notice of the possibility of variance was required prior to the sentencing and that the district court lacked the statutory authority to order the criminal forfeiture .   Judge Franklin Van Antwerpen wrote for the panel , which ruled for the government on all the issues . Other circuits had ruled on the variance issue , and he joined four of them in holding that Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32 ( h ) , which required a court to notify lawyers in advance of a contemplated departure , did not impose the same requirement on a variance . The forfeiture was likewise permitted since the mail fraud statute provided for civil forfeiture and , while it explicitly provided for criminal forfeiture only in cases where a financial institution was victimized , he did not find that Congress intended to limit it only to those cases via `` a chain of cross-references . ''

neg: Ohio Attorney General The Ohio Attorney General is the chief legal officer of the State of Ohio in the United States . The office is filled by general election , held every four years . The Ohio Attorney General is Mike DeWine .

neg: Georgia v. McCollum Georgia v. McCollum , 505 U.S. 42 ( 1992 ) , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a criminal defendant can not make peremptory challenges based solely on race . The court had previously held in Batson v. Kentucky ( 1986 ) that prosecutors can not make peremptory challenges based on race , but did n't address whether defendants could use them . The court had already ruled in Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company ( 1991 ) that the Batson prohibition also applies to civil litigants because they are state actors during the jury selection process .   However , in Polk County v. Dodson , , the court had held that a public defender is not a state actor in the context of a lawsuit for inadequate legal representation . McCollum argued that Polk County was the controlling precedent , so public defenders are not state actors during jury selection . Writing for the court , Justice Harry Blackmun disagreed . Blackmun found that whether a public defender is a state actor `` depends on the nature and context of the function he is performing . '' Just as he is a state actor in the context of personnel decisions like hiring and firing attorneys in his office , a public defender is a state actor in the context of peremptory challenges . Like in Edmonson , Blackmun found that race-based peremptory challenges by the defendant violate the Equal Protection Clause and are therefore unconstitutional .

neg: Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy On December 7 , 2006 , the George W. Bush administration 's Department of Justice ordered the unprecedented midterm dismissal of seven United States Attorneys . Congressional investigations focused on whether the Department of Justice and the White House were using the U.S. Attorney positions for political advantage . Allegations were that some of the attorneys were targeted for dismissal to impede investigations of Republican politicians or that some were targeted for their failure to initiate investigations that would damage Democratic politicians or hamper Democratic-leaning voters .  The U.S. attorneys were replaced with interim appointees , under provisions in the 2005 USA PATRIOT Act reauthorization .   A subsequent report by the Justice Department Inspector General in October 2008 found that the process used to fire the first seven attorneys and two others dismissed around the same time was `` arbitrary '' , `` fundamentally flawed '' , and `` raised doubts about the integrity of Department prosecution decisions '' . In July 2010 , the Department of Justice prosecutors closed the two-year investigation without filing charges after determining that the firing was inappropriately political , but not criminal , saying `` Evidence did not demonstrate that any prosecutable criminal offense was committed with regard to the removal of David Iglesias . The investigative team also determined that the evidence did not warrant expanding the scope of the investigation beyond the removal of Iglesias . ''

neg: Alfred H. Moses Alfred H. Moses ( born July 24 , 1929 ) is an American attorney and diplomat who served as the U.S. Ambassador to Romania .   Moses was born and raised in Baltimore , Maryland . After graduating from Baltimore City College ( a high school ) , he attended Dartmouth College from which he received his B.A. degree in 1951 . He attended Princeton University 's Woodrow Wilson School in 1951-52 , served in the U.S. Navy , and received his law degree from Georgetown University in 1956 , where he was an editor of the Georgetown Law Review .   Moses joined the Washington , D.C. , law firm of Covington & Burling practicing in the areas of litigation , corporate and securities matters , and arbitration . He represented clients in important litigation as trial and appellant counsel and has structured major corporate , financial and real estate transactions in this country and abroad . Except for his public service , he has remained with Covington & Burling . He also serves as chief strategy officer of Promontory Financial Group , a global financial services consulting firm , and is vice chairman of the Promontory Interfinancial Network , a fintech company based in Arlington , Virginia .   Moses was lead counsel to President Jimmy Carter in the `` Billygate '' hearings in the U.S. Senate . He served as Special Advisor and Special Counsel to President Carter , 1980-81 . Under President Bill Clinton , Moses was U.S. Ambassador to Romania , 1994 -- 97 , and Special Presidential Emissary for the Cyprus problem 1999-2001 . In 2002 , he was awarded Romania 's Mare Cruce Medal ( Order For Merit ) by the President of Romania , Ion Iliescu , the only American to have been so honored .   Moses has published numerous articles on Central European and Middle East issues in The New York Times , International Herald Tribune , The Washington Post , Christian Science Monitor and other publications .   He has been active in religious life and has served as President of the American Jewish Committee .

neg: Utah Attorney General The Attorney General of Utah is the chief legal officer and legal adviser in the state of Utah . The office is elected , with a term of four years .

neg: International Association of Prosecutors The International Association of Prosecutors ( IAP ) is the only global non-governmental organisation of prosecutors , established by the United Nations in 1995 , Vienna .   Organisation includes about 200,000 members from over 120 states .   It was established due to rapid growth in transnational crime like drug trafficking , money laundering and fraud .  From its website , `` The IAP is the only worldwide organization of prosecutors . It was established in 1995 and now has more than 145 organizational members from over 96 different jurisdictions , representing every continent , as well as many individual members .   The website sets out the objects of the IAP . All organizational members of the IAP are expected to commit to the Standards of Professional Responsibility and Statement of the Essential Duties and Rights of Prosecutors adopted by the IAP in 1999 . In April 2013 a complaint was lodged against an Executive Committee member , Dr. Ali bin Fadhel Al - Buainain who as head of the Office of Public Prosecution in Bahrain has acted contrary to these standards by prosecuting Bahraini nationals for activities protected by the rights to freedom expression and assembly and for failing to adhere to fair procedures and due process standards , as asserted by Ceartas Irish lawyers for Human Rights . On April 22nd 2013 , IAP President James Hamilton acknowledged receipt of the complaint and stated that it is `` something we 're going to look very carefully at '' , and the outcome `` will certainly set a precedent for how we deal with a complaint '' . Nevertheless , Dr. Ali bin Fadhel Al - Buainain has sought to be re-elected to the IAP Executive Committee at the 18th Annual General Meeting of the IAP on September 11 , 2013 , and it has been reported by the Bahrain State News Agency that he has already been re-elected to it for another three years .   Membership brings many advantages and opportunities , including the chance to attend the annual conference . As well as providing lively and interesting discussion on questions which are of practical concern to prosecutors , the annual conferences provide excellent opportunities for networking and getting to know colleagues from other countries . Annual conferences takes place in different venues each year .   Regional conferences in Africa , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe/Central Asia , North America and the Caribbean and the Asia-Pacific region are now regular events in the IAP , and are mainly aimed at front line prosecutors . Information concerning these and other events can be found on the website .   The Association also produces regular newsletters which are distributed to members . In addition a considerable amount of information on the website is available only to members including a members forum where members can exchange information and experiences . A Global Prosecutors E-Crime Network is accessible through the website and contains much information of interest to prosecutors concerning cyber crime . Similarly the ` Forum for International Criminal Justice ' is also accessible via the website for those seeking information and contacts in that area . ''

neg: Texas Attorney General The Texas Attorney General is the chief legal and law enforcement officer of the State of Texas .   The department has offices at the William P. Clements State Office Building in Downtown Austin .

neg: Public defender A public defender is an attorney appointed to represent people who can not afford to hire one . It is also a literal translation of the Spanish language term abogado de oficio , which usually refers to an ombudsman office ; it is also the English language title of the Jamaican ombudsman .   Brazil is the only country where an office of government-paid lawyers , with the specific purpose of providing legal assistance and representation to the destitute , free of charge , is established in the Constitution . In the United States , a 1963 US Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the Bill of Rights requires the government to provide free legal counsel to indigent defendants in criminal cases . Many other countries provide people with public defenders .

neg: Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution .   `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .

neg: National Missing and Unidentified Persons System National Missing and Unidentified Persons System , abbreviated as NamUs , is a clearing house for missing persons and unidentified decedent records in the United States , a part of the Department of Justice . NamUs also provides free DNA testing and other forensic services , such as anthropology and odontology assistance .   In 2005 , the National Institute of Justice assembled for a national strategy meeting regarding missing persons in the United States ; they called the meeting `` Identifying the Missing Summit . '' Forensic scientists , policymakers , victim advocates and law enforcement officials discussed the challenges and strategies for solving missing person cases and identifying unidentified decedent cases . From there the Deputy Attorney General created a task force , The National Missing Persons Task Force , and encouraged the U.S Department of Justice to find prominent tools that will help solve these cases . NamUs was created , subsequently .   The NamUs database was created in three phases ; in Phase III , released in 2009 , the system became fully searchable and open to the public .   Through NamUs , users will have access to three databases : Unidentified Persons database , Missing Persons database and an UnClaimed Persons database .   In the database users can search by state , date last seen , circumstances , physical/medical characteristics , clothing and accessories , sex , ethnicity , race and more , in order to locate or search for a potential match or personal profile . Each missing person and unidentified person have their own four digit code number . If a potential match is found , users can notify and submit the potential match to case managers , local law enforcement agencies or NamUs regional administrators . If a potential match has been ruled out it will appear on the unidentified person 's profile , under the section `` exclusions . ''   The issue of unidentified remains in the United States has been coined `` the Nation 's Silent Mass Disaster . '' There are approximately 40,000 unidentified human remains that have been buried or cremated before being identified . Furthering the problem of identification , in 2004 , less than half of the nation 's medical examiner 's offices had policies for retaining DNA , x-rays , or fingerprints of unidentified persons . Another issue that has left remains unidentified has been the reporting of missing persons . Those who go missing over the 18 are not required to be reported - reporting them is voluntary . Consequently , there has been a low rate of reported adult cases through NCIC ( the National Crime Information Center ) . Ultimately NamUs is working together with the public and national level databases to incorporate the records of missing persons and meet the challenges of non-reporting .   Currently , there have been 16,080 missing person cases on file through NamUs . , 60.46 % , or 9,723 of them remain open and unsolved . Of the closed cases , 665 , or 10.46 % , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database .   Furthermore , there have been 10,714 unidentified persons cases on filed through NamUs . , 88.66 % , or 9,500 , remain open and unidentified . Of the closed cases , 285 , or 23.495 , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database .

neg: Periodic Review Board The Periodic Review Boards administrate a US `` administrative procedure '' for recommending whether certain individuals held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps , in Cuba are safe to release or transfer , or whether they should continue to be held without charge .  The boards are authorized by and overseen by the Periodic Review Secretariat , which President Barack Obama set up with Executive Order 13567 on March 7 , 2011 .   Senior Civil Service officials from six agencies sit on the Board : the United States Department of Defense , Homeland Security , Justice and State , and the offices of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of National Intelligence . Each member has a veto over any recommendation . Although Obama authorized the Secretariat to conduct periodic reviews in early 2011 , the first review was not conducted until late 2013 .   On July 21 , 2013 , Carol Rosenberg , writing in the Miami Herald , reported that the announcement that the Boards would finally be convened followed a `` flurry of emails '' to the captives attorneys -- after years of delay . Rosenberg noted that the announcement from Norton C. Joerg , a former officer and senior lawyer with the United States Navy , came at the height of the most widespread Guantanamo hunger strike .   Individuals who have faced charges , become eligible to have their status reviewed by a Periodic Review Board , if the charges they faced are dropped . In 2013 , 24 new individuals who the Guantanamo Review Task Force had recommended should face charges , had those charges dropped , and became eligible for review , when appeals courts had overturned convictions for `` providing material support for terrorism '' .   During the second review , on January 28 , 2014 , that of Abdel Malik al Rahabi , nine reporters and four human rights workers were allowed to observe a video-link to the 19 minute unclassified portion of the hearing .  69 other individuals can expect to have their status reviewed .   Almost half of the individuals still at Guantanamo have already been cleared for release or transfer -- some as long ago as 2005 , so critics have questioned how meaningful it had been to clear Mahmud Abd Al Aziz Al Mujahid for release .   Under the Obama Administration , the Board examined 63 detainees , recommending 37 of those to be transferred .   Of the 693 total former detainees transferred out of Guantanamo , 30 % are suspected or confirmed to have reengaged in terrorist activity . Of those detainees that were transferred out under President Obama , 5.6 % are confirmed and 6.8 % are suspected of reengaging in terrorist activity .   The Board held its first hearing under President Donald Trump on February 9 , 2017 . Warning of the danger of recidivism , that same day eleven Republican Senators wrote a letter encouraging the President to immediately suspend the Board and to prohibit the transfer of any detainees .

neg: Mark Filip Mark Robert Filip ( born June 1 , 1966 ) is an American lawyer specializing in class action and white collar criminal and regulatory defense . Formerly a partner at Skadden , Arps , he currently practices in the Washington , D.C. office of Kirkland and Ellis . From 2004 until 2008 , Filip served as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois . As the George W. Bush administration ended , Filip served as Deputy Attorney General of the United States , and as the Barack Obama administration began he briefly served as Acting Attorney General ( from January 20 to February 3 , 2009 ) .

neg: United States Attorney for the Western District of New York The United States Attorney for the Western District of New York is the chief federal law enforcement officer in seventeen New York counties : Allegany , Cattaraugus , Chautauqua , Chemung , Erie , Genesee , Livingston , Monroe , Niagara , Ontario , Orleans , Schuyler , Seneca , Steuben , Wayne , Wyoming , and Yates .   The U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York has jurisdiction over all cases prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney . The current Acting U.S. Attorney is James P. Kennedy , who was named on October 29 , 2016 .

neg: Robert Price (attorney) Robert Price ( August 27 , 1932 -- April 22 , 2016 ) was an American attorney , investment banker and corporate executive . A strategist and campaign manager for John V. Lindsay and Nelson Rockefeller , Price served as deputy mayor of New York City before entering business . He founded Price Communications in 1981 .

neg: Office of the Attorney General (New Brunswick) The Office of the Attorney General is a part of the Government of New Brunswick . It is charged providing legal services to all departments and agencies of the government .   The post of Attorney General is the most senior legal official in New Brunswick and has existed since the creation of New Brunswick as a crown colony in 1784 and for much of contemporary history the Attorney General oversaw the Department of Justice carrying the dual title of Minister of Justice , as is currently the case .   From 2006 to 2012 , the Office of the Attorney General was separated from the Department of Justice . On February 14 , 2006 when Premier Bernard Lord restructured the cabinet , largely out of necessity , the basic functions of Attorney General were separated from the Justice Department so as to allow Brad Green , the only lawyer in his caucus , to take on a larger portfolio . The Department of Justice and Consumer Affairs was established taking over responsibility for `` protection of the public interest '' from the Attorney General . On October 3 , 2006 , Bernard Lord left office and was replaced as Premier by Shawn Graham . Graham named T.J. Burke to be both Attorney General and Minister of Justice and Consumer Affairs , however in legislation to realign government departments passed on March 2 , 2007 the Office of the Attorney General and the Department of Justice and Consumer Affairs remained separate entities . A subsequent bill was introduced on December 19 , 2007 specifying the role of the Office of the Attorney General as a separate department .   However , the subsequent premier , David Alward , remerged the two departments into the Department of Justice and Attorney General in 2012 . Alward again separated these roles in 2013 , when Ted Flemming was named attorney general , with Troy Lifford becoming minister of justice .

neg: O. John Rogge Oetje John Rogge ( -LSB- ˈiːtʃi dʒɔn ˈɹɔɡə -RSB- ) ( October 12 , 1903 -- March 22 , 1981 ) was an attorney who prosecuted cases for the United States government , investigated Nazi activities in the United States , and in private practice was associated with civil rights and left-wing political causes .


query: Wallander was adapted from the Kurt Wallander novels.

pos: Wallander (UK TV series) Wallander is a British television series adapted from the Swedish novelist Henning Mankell 's Kurt Wallander novels and starring Kenneth Branagh as the eponymous police inspector . It is the first time the Wallander novels have been adapted into an English-language production . Yellow Bird , a production company formed by Mankell , began negotiations with British companies to produce the adaptations in 2006 . In 2007 , Branagh met with Mankell to discuss playing the role . Contracts were signed and work began on the films , adapted from Sidetracked , Firewall and One Step Behind , in January 2008 . Emmy-award-winning director Philip Martin was hired as lead director . Martin worked with cinematographer Anthony Dod Mantle to establish a visual style for the series .   The first three-episode series , produced by Yellow Bird , Left Bank Pictures and TKBC for BBC Scotland , was broadcast on BBC One from November to December 2008 . The second series was filmed from July to October 2009 and was broadcast in January 2010 . The third series was filmed in the summer of 2011 in Ystad , Scania , Sweden , and Riga , Latvia , and aired in July 2012 . The fourth and final series was shot from October 2014 to January 2015 and premiered on German TV , dubbed into German , in December 2015 . The final series aired in the original English on BBC One in May 2016 . Critics have written positively of the series , which has won a Broadcasting Press Guild Award ( Best Actor for Branagh ) and six British Academy Television Awards , including Best Drama Series .

neg: The Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid 's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood . Set in a near-future New England , in a totalitarian theocracy that has overthrown the United States government , the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence . The novel 's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer 's The Canterbury Tales , which comprises a series of connected stories ( `` The Merchant 's Tale '' , `` The Parson 's Tale '' , etc. ) .   The Handmaid 's Tale won the 1985 Governor General 's Award and the first Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1987 ; it was also nominated for the 1986 Nebula Award , the 1986 Booker Prize , and the 1987 Prometheus Award . The book has been adapted into a film ( 1990 ) , an opera ( 2000 ) , a TV series ( 2017 ) , and other media .

neg: Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French .   The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .

neg: Escapade (1936 film) Escapade ( German : Eskapade ) is a 1936 German romantic comedy film directed by Erich Waschneck and starring Renate Müller , Georg Alexander and Grethe Weiser . It is based on the 1891 novel My Official Wife by Richard Henry Savage .   The film 's sets were designed by the art directors Otto Erdmann and Hans Sohnle .

neg: From the House of the Dead From the House of the Dead ( Z mrtvého domu in Czech ) is an opera by Leoš Janáček , in three acts . The libretto was translated and adapted by the composer from the 1862 novel by Dostoyevsky . It was the composer 's last opera , premiered on 12 April 1930 in Brno , two years after his death .   Janáček worked on this opera from February 1927 to 8 June 1928 , knowing that it would be his last , and for it he broke away from the habit he had developed of creating characters modeled on his love interest Kamila Stösslová , although the themes of loneliness and isolation can clearly be seen as a response to her indifference to his feelings . There is only one female character , and the setting , a Siberian prison , presents a large ensemble cast instead of one or several prominent leads . There is no narrative to the work as a whole , but individual characters narrate episodes in their lives , and there is a `` play-within-a-play '' in Act 2 .   From the House of the Dead was virtually finished when Janáček died . Two of his students , believing the orchestration was incomplete , `` filled out '' large portions of the score and adapted the ending to be more optimistic in tone . In addition to the work of Břetislav Bakala and Osvald Chlubna , Ota Zitek made changes to the text and sequence of events in the opera . Decades later , a version closer to the composer 's intentions superseded that version , and it is the one most often heard today . Some productions , however , still use the earlier version 's ending to lessen the bleakness of the story .   The opera requires a vast orchestra , including chains as a percussion instrument to evoke the sound of the prisoners . The words of prisoners ' songs from the Dostoyevsky are used in full or in part by Janáček .   An arrangement in the form of a suite of the opera by conductor František Jílek has been performed by Brno State Philharmonic Orchestra .

neg: Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .

neg: The Word Exchange The Word Exchange is a science fiction novel by Alena Graedon , published in 2014 . It is a dystopian thriller set in the not very distant future when the printed word has nearly vanished , technology dominates , and language has become a commodity . An online `` Word Exchange '' has taken the effort out of looking up words , a mere convenience until real dictionaries are no longer available . Then it becomes possible to corner the market for words . The novel has been translated into eight different languages .

neg: Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on .   The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews .   The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .

neg: Scenes from a Marriage Scenes from a Marriage ( Scener ur ett äktenskap ) is a 1973 Swedish Television miniseries written and directed by Ingmar Bergman , and starring Liv Ullmann and Erland Josephson . The story explores the disintegration of the marriage between Marianne , a family lawyer specializing in divorce , and Johan , spanning a period of 10 years . Bergman 's teleplay draws on his own experiences , including his relationship with Ullmann . It was shot on a small budget in Stockholm and Fårö in 1972 .   After initially airing on Swedish TV in six parts , the miniseries was condensed into a theatrical version and received positive reviews in Sweden and internationally . Scenes from a Marriage was also the subject of controversy for its perceived influence on rising divorce rates in Europe . The film was ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and several other honours .   The miniseries and film version influenced filmmakers such as Woody Allen and Richard Linklater . It was followed by a sequel , Saraband , in 2003 , and stage adaptations .

neg: Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever .   As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States .   As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . ''   Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre .  Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) .   Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter ( German ; literally : A real Viennese does not go under . Free translation : A real/proud Viennese never gives up ) is a classic Austrian television series . It was produced by Österreichischer Rundfunk , Austrian Television , and ran for 24 episodes from 1975 to 1979 . The script writer was Ernst Hinterberger ; the series was based on his 1966 novel Das Salz der Erde ( The Salt of the Earth ) . The producer was Hans Preiner , who initiated the project in his series Impulse ( Impulses ) , which centered on development of new program formats and training of new , young directors .   Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter starred popular Austrian actor Karl Merkatz as the main character , Edmund `` Mundl '' Sackbauer . Mundl lives in a typical Vienna Gemeindebau ( a working-class housing estate ) at Hasengasse , in Vienna 's 10th municipal district ( Favoriten ) . The series used Viennese dialect and became successful after an initial campaign against it by the Krone newspaper as too `` common . ''

neg: Waldrausch Waldrausch may refer to :   Waldrausch ( novel ) , a 1907 German novel by Ludwig Ganghofer  Waldrausch ( 1939 film ) , a film adaptation  Waldrausch ( 1962 film ) , a film adaptation  Waldrausch ( 1977 film ) , a film adaptation

neg: The Frontier (novel) The Frontier ( Granica in Polish ) is a novel written by Zofia Nałkowska , a renowned Polish prose writer , dramatist , and prolific essayist . It tells the story of the life of Zenon Ziembiewicz , his way to the top and success , as well as love affairs and problems . The novel itself combines features of many different genres : psychological novel , sensation novel , realistic prose and detective novel .  Originally , the author wanted to title her book `` Patterns '' , however , she changed her mind and decided on `` The Frontier '' . The novel has been made into a film twice : in 1938 and 1977 .   Story is written by means of analepsis and the plot often is interjected with scenes that take the narrative back in time from the current point . Written during the interwar period , the novel describes such controversial topics as abortion , and the economic and social problems of that time .

neg: Franz Karl Stanzel Franz Karl Stanzel ( born August 4 , 1923 in Molln ) is an Austrian literary theorist , specialised in English literature .   After finishing his degree with Herbert Koziol in Graz and after his habilitation in 1955 , he was professor in Göttingen . In 1959 he was offered a position as professor ( Ordinariat ) in Erlangen . In 1962 he succeeded Koziol in Graz . Today he is a professor emeritus of English literature at the Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz .   Since the 1950s Stanzel worked on an analytical topology for the description of the narrative mode , also often called `` narrative situation '' or `` point of view '' of narrative texts . Despite lots of criticism , his typological circle of three narrative situations is still taught in introductions to German literary studies at German universities ( e. g. the introductions of the famous literary scholar Ansgar Nünning ) . Since the late 90s , there is a stronger competition by the narrative model of the French narratologist Gérard Genette in Germany .   Stanzel 's typological circle featuring `` three typical narrative situations '' , which describes various possibilities of structuring the mediacity of narrative , is based on three elements . These are `` mode '' , `` person '' and `` perspective '' , which can be divided further into the oppositions `` narrator/reflector '' , `` first person/third person '' and `` internal perspective/external perspective '' . Thus , Stanzel distinguishes three narrative situations : The `` authorial narrative situation '' is characterised by the dominance of the external perspective . In the `` First-person narrative situation '' , the events are related by a `` narrating I '' who takes part in the action in the fictional world as a character or as the `` experiencing I '' . `` The figural narrative situation '' is marked by the dominance of the reflector mode , restricting to a factual representation or using internal focalisation to create the impression of immediacy .

neg: The Door (novel) The Door is a novel by Hungarian writer Magda Szabó . The novel concerns the developing relationship between a young Hungarian writer and her housecleaner , and is partly autobiographical .   The Door was originally published in Hungary in 1987 , and translated into English in 1995 by Stefan Draughon for American publication , and again in 2005 by Len Rix for British publication . Rix 's translation won the 2006 Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize , and was short-listed for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize . Rix 's translation was republished in 2015 by New York Review Books Classics .   A film based on the novel , directed by István Szabó , was released in March 2012 .

neg: Frankenstein (1973 film) Frankenstein is a 1973 American television movie adaptation of Mary Shelley 's novel Frankenstein adapted by Sam Hall and Dark Shadows creator Dan Curtis , with Robert Foxworth in the title role and Bo Svenson as the Giant .

neg: The Fifth Woman The Fifth Woman ( original : Den femte kvinnan ; 1996 ) is a crime novel by Swedish author Henning Mankell , the sixth in his acclaimed Inspector Wallander series .

neg: Fredmans epistlar Fredmans epistlar ( English : Fredman 's Epistles or Epistles of Fredman ) is a collection of 82 poems set to music by Carl Michael Bellman , a major figure in Swedish 18th century song . Though first published in 1790 , it was created over a period of twenty years from 1768 onwards . A companion volume , Fredmans sånger ( Fredman 's Songs ) was published the following year .   The Epistles vary widely in style and effect , from Rococo-themed pastorale with a cast of gods and demigods from classical antiquity to laments for the effects of Brännvin-drinking , tavern-scenes , and apparent improvisations . The lyrics , based on the lives of Bellman 's contemporaries in Gustavian-age Sweden , describe a gallery of fictional and semi-fictional characters and events taking place in Stockholm . Jean Fredman , an alcoholic former watchmaker , is the central character and fictional narrator . The `` soliloquy '' of Epistle 23 , a description of Fredman lying drunk in the gutter and then recovering in the Crawl-In Tavern , was described by Oscar Levertin as `` the to-be-or-not-to-be of Swedish literature '' . Ulla Winblad , based on one of Bellman 's friends , is the chief of the fictional `` nymphs '' . She is half goddess , half prostitute , a key figure among the demimonde characters of Fredman 's Epistles .   The Epistles are admired for the way that their poetry and music fit so well together . Bellman chose not to compose the tunes , instead borrowing and adapting existing melodies , most likely to exploit the humour of contrasting the associations of well-known tunes with the meanings he gave them . This may also have been intended to provide historical depth to his work ; he sometimes devoted considerable energy to adapting melodies to fit an Epistle 's needs .   Many of the Epistles have remained culturally significant in Scandinavia , especially in Sweden . They are widely sung and recorded : by choirs such as the Orphei Drängar , by professional solo singers such as Fred Åkerström and Cornelis Vreeswijk , and by ensemble singers such as Sven-Bertil Taube and William Clauson . The Epistles have been translated into German , French , English , Russian , Polish , Finnish , Italian and Dutch .

neg: Hill & Wang Hill & Wang is an American book publishing company focused on American history , world history , and politics . It is a division of Farrar , Straus and Giroux .   Hill & Wang was founded as an independent publishing house in 1956 by Arthur Wang ( 1917/18 -- 2005 ) and Lawrence Hill , who were both working at A. A. Wyn . They bought backlist books from Wyn and started Dramabooks , publishing plays in trade paperback , then a new format . The series included Jean Cocteau , Arthur L. Kopit and Lanford Wilson . In 1959 , Arthur Wang acquired Elie Wiesel 's Holocaust memoir , Night , which had been turned down by several English-language publishers , publishing it in 1960 . They continued to build the Hill & Wang list to include such authors as Roland Barthes , Langston Hughes , and American historians Stanley Kutler and William Cronon .   In 1971 , the two sold Hill & Wang to Farrar , Straus and Giroux , and the imprint continues to be recognized for its high quality nonfiction . More recently , it has published authors such as Cass Sunstein , Philip Gura , John Allen Paulos , Melvyn Leffler , Thomas Bender , William Poundstone , Woody Holton , and Eric Rauchway .   The imprint also launched a graphic line , `` Novel Graphics , '' when it published a graphic adaptation of the 9/11 Commission Report by Sid Jacobson and Ernie Colón . It has since published several graphic biographies and works of graphic journalism , and a graphic adaptation of the United States Constitution .

neg: Ingeborg Drewitz __ NOTOC __  Ingeborg Drewitz ( born Ingeborg Neubert ; 10 January 1923 -- 26 November 1986 ) was a German writer .   Drewitz was born in Berlin . She graduated in 1941 from the Königin-Luise-Schule in Berlin-Friedenau , and took a degree in German literature , history , and philosophy , followed by a doctorate on 20 April 1945 , at the Friedrich-Wilhelm University ( today 's Humboldt University in Berlin ) . Her thesis was on German poet Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer .   As a writer , she was interested in the Enlightenment and addressed Germany 's post-war history and the past and present social history of women . According to Knaurs Lexikon der Weltliteratur ( `` Knaur 's Lexicon of World Literature '' ) , third edition of 1995 , she `` made in her literary work , the abandonment of modern man and his inability to address his neighbour , as well as the problem of the individuality of life . Problems in women and employment are at the heart of her work . ''   Her drama Alle Tore waren bewacht ( `` All gates were guarded '' ) ) , which premiered in 1955 , was the first German play to address conditions in concentration camps . Her most successful novel was Gestern war heute : Hundert Jahre Gegenwart ( `` Yesterday was today : A hundred years of presence '' ) ( 1978 ) , that dealt with three generations of women in the 20th Century .   From 1973 to 1980 she taught at the Institute of Journalism at the Free University of Berlin . A year before her death she was a juror at the Ingeborg Bachmann Competition in Klagenfurt .   She married her childhood sweetheart Bernhard Drewitz , by whom she had three daughters . She died in Berlin , aged 63 , of complications of cancer .