query: Marlon Brando played anyone except Emiliano Zapata.

pos: Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements .   He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 .   The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s .   Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .

neg: Romolo Costa Romolo Costa ( 1897 -- 1965 ) was an Italian film actor who appeared in more than seventy films and television series between 1934 and 1964 . He also worked extensively as a voice actor , dubbing foreign films for release in Italy . Costa was a character actor who generally appeared in supporting roles . Occasionally he played a more prominent role as in Il destino in tasca ( 1938 ) .

neg: Zannino Zannino ( Ζαννίνο born Yannis Papadopoulos ; 21 August 1923 -- 27 May 1995 ) was a Greek actor . He performed in more than eighty films from 1956 to 1991 .

neg: Silvani Silvani is a surname of Italian origin . There are approximately 1516 people with the surname in Italy , the largest number in Emilia Romagna , in Bagno di Romagna , Sarsina , Bologna , and Pieve Santo Stefano , near Arezzo , Tuscany . A considerable number is found in Milan . There are approximately 300 Silvani in France , 350 in USA and 24 in the UK . The surname derives from SILVA , FOREST , and could have been used by the Romans to refer to their slaves that had Transylvanian origin ( Romania/Hungary )  The name refers to :  Al Silvani ( 1910 -- 1996 ) , American boxing trainer , actor , and stunt man  Aldo Silvani ( 1891 -- 1964 ) , Italian film actor  Gherardo Silvani ( 1579 -- 1675 ) , Florentine architect and sculptor of the Baroque era who built Villa di Uligliano also in Tuscany ,  Pier Francesco Silvani ( 1620 -- 1685 ) , Florentine architect of the Baroque era  Walter Silvani ( 11 May 1971 ) Argentinian Football Player   Fictional characters  Marco Silvani , character on Australian soap opera Neighbours   Signorina Silvani and accountant Ugo Fantozzi , a fictional character  Written by Paolo Villaggio for the Italian Television

neg: Banana Dance The Banana Dance has several different meanings and performances .   Part of Chris Elliott 's Marlon Brando impersonation skit on the David Letterman show . It consisted of `` Marlon '' ( Chris Elliot ) dumping bananas out of a sack on the floor and Elliot dancing slowly around them to the song `` The Alley Cat '' .  The Danse sauvage , an exotic dance performed by Josephine Baker in live shows and her Siren of the Tropics movie .  The Dancing Banana is a popular emoticon .

neg: Sam Coppola Sam Coppola ( July 31 , 1932 -- February 5 , 2012 ) was an American actor . He appeared in almost 70 films , beginning in 1968 , but may be best remembered for his role as Dan Fusco , owner of the Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , hardware and paint store , in Saturday Night Fever , who gave John Travolta 's character sage but salty advice in the classic 1977 film . Later in his career , Coppola made a brief but memorable appearance on The Sopranos as the idiosyncratic family therapist of Jennifer Melfi .   Coppola was a cop in Serpico ( 1973 ) , starring Al Pacino , and a detective in Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close . His many TV credits include The Practice , The Good Wife , Law & Order , The Sopranos , Ryan 's Hope and the 2001 A&E movie The Big Heist , in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano . Coppola , no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola , played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011 's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan .   Coppola , a 38-year resident of Leonia , also had many stage roles . He played the hobo Vladimir in a 2005 off-Broadway production of `` Waiting for Godot '' and an aging real estate salesman , Aaronow , in a 2000 production of Glengarry Glen Ross at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton .   Coppola died February 5 , 2012 from an aneurysm , and was predeceased by his wife , Helen . He is survived by his children , Jason Coppola of Brooklyn and Samantha Coppola of Bogota , and three grandchildren .

neg: Angelo Fierro Angelo Fierro is an American film and television actor .   Fierro , an Italian-American of Sicilian ancestry , was born in Boston 's Little Italy , the North End . He first appeared on network television in an automobile commercial for Toyota . Extolled for his menacing looks , his portrayal of the villain has since been quite frequent . Surprisingly adept at comedy , he also has appeared at Stand Up New York comedy club .   He starred on the TV series Breaking Vegas as the real-life counterfeiter , Louis Colavecchio , and had a recurring role as the Russian mobster , Vladimir , on the TV series Ocean Ave. , starring Victoria Jackson and Megan Fox . He also appeared in the movies Señorita Justice as Carlos Rios , with Eva Longoria and Final Engagement as gangster John Knight , with Peter Greene . He has made guest appearances on TV shows such as the Michael Jackson Trial and Untold Stories of the ER , and is well known for his Tony Soprano parody in an Andalusia Olive Oil commercial , with the tag line : `` Are you wearing a wire ? ''   Fierro studied acting at Florida Atlantic University , where he graduated with degrees in marketing and international business , having started theater too late to pursue a Bachelor of Fine Arts . He continues to follow an acting career in New York .

neg: Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards .   Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .

neg: Johnny Stecchino Johnny Stecchino is an Italian comedy film starring Roberto Benigni as the protagonist and director . This film is one of Benigni 's many collaborations with co-star and wife , Nicoletta Braschi . During its release in 1991 , it was the highest-grossing film in Italy .   This film follows the life of Dante , a quirky school bus driver ( Benigni ) for students with Down syndrome , who bears a striking resemblance to Johnny Stecchino , an Italian mafioso who is wanted by Sicilian mobsters for treason and murder . The film 's plot begins to unravel when Dante meets Maria , the wife of Stecchino , who begins her plan into tricking mobsters to kill Dante thinking he is Stecchino . The film takes several unexpected twists when Maria begins to fall for Dante , and it becomes clear that Dante can not possibly be the cold blooded killer , Johnny Stecchino .   The U.S. version released in theaters and on VHS is about 20 minutes shorter that the full Italian version . It trims several conversations including the final scene with Lillo sniffing cocaine .

neg: Peer Schmidt Peer Eugen Georg Schmidt ( 11 March 1926 ; Erfurt , Weimar Germany -- 8 May 2010 ; Berlin ) was a German actor and voice actor . He is best known as the German voice of Gérard Philipe , Marlon Brando and Jean-Paul Belmondo .

neg: Other Men Other Men ( Altri uomini ) is a 1997 Italian crime drama film written and directed by Claudio Bonivento .   It is based on real-life characters documented in the Antonio Carlucci and Paolo Rossetti 's book Io il Tebano ( `` I , the Theban '' ) . For his performance Claudio Amendola received a Nastro d'Argento nomination for best actor .

neg: Mezzetino Mezzetino , also Mezzettino , ( Pron . met-zeh-TEE-no ) is a character from the commedia dell ` arte and is considered by Duchartre to be a variant on the stock character Brighella . His name means `` Half-Measure ( of liquor ) '' in Medieval Italian , and he is sometimes called in French and English plays `` Mezzetin '' . He first appeared in the 16th century .   Mezzetino is an adept schemer and trouble-maker , willing to commit acts of violence if necessary , but on the whole a little calmer than his brother Brighella , and much more gentle and cultivated , especially in his later life . He is often very musically inclined , and can sing and dance with skill . His character can vary greatly : he can be a loyal servant or simply scheming for his master 's downfall ; he can be a deceitful husband or be deceived by his wife . He also seems to be rather more interested in the ladies than is Brighella , often coming over as rather creepy in his efforts to flirt .   His costume has gone through similar variations to Brighella 's , beginning as a baggy white costume like that worn by the zanni but later evolving into a livery or else a tunic and breeches , usually with stripes , and some sort of hat as an accessory . Whereas Brighella 's color is green , Mezzetino 's is red or burgundy . He is sometimes played without a mask , especially in later versions , after the manner in which Angelo Costantini played him ; but when masked it is either brown or rust colored . Callot shows him holding a sword as part of the ensemble . He is also sometimes dressed in a manner that closely resembles the habit of Harlequin , as in the famous Nymphenburg porcelain , hence some people 's belief that he is a variant not on Brighella but on Harlequin . He almost always wears a short cape , called a tabaro , which has its origins in the plays of Ancient Rome .

neg: Not Like Everyone Else Not Like Everyone Else is a 2006 television film that aired on Lifetime Television and starred Alia Shawkat , Illeana Douglas and Eric Schweig . It is based on a true story of events that happened to Brandi Blackbear in 1999 -- 2000 . This telefilm was shot in Shreveport , Louisiana .

neg: Torin Thatcher Torin Thatcher ( 15 January 1905 -- 4 March 1981 ) was an English actor born in Bombay , British India , to English parents Torin James Blair Thatcher , a police officer , by his wife Edith Rachel , a voice and piano teacher , younger daughter of the Hon. Justice Sir Herbert Batty , a puisne judge of the High Court of Bombay . He was noted for his flashy portrayals of screen villains .   He was educated in Britain at Bedford School and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . He worked as a schoolmaster before first appearing on the London stage in 1927 and then entering British films in 1934 . He appeared in the 1937 Old Vic stage production of Hamlet , in which Laurence Olivier made his first appearance in the title role , opposite Vivien Leigh as Ophelia . During the Second World War , he served with the Royal Artillery and was demobilised with the rank of lieutenant colonel .   Thatcher appeared in classic British films of the late 1930s and 1940s , including Major Barbara ( 1941 ) and Great Expectations ( 1946 ) , in which he played Bentley Drummle . He moved to Hollywood in the 1950s . He was constantly in demand , invariably lending his looming figure and baleful countenance to sinister or stern roles in popular costume thrillers such as The Crimson Pirate ( 1952 ) , Blackbeard the Pirate ( 1952 ) , The Robe ( 1953 ) ( as the disapproving father of Marcellus ) , The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) , Helen of Troy ( 1956 ) , Darby 's Rangers ( 1958 ) and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad ( 1958 ) . He also appeared in the Marlon Brando and Trevor Howard 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty .   He returned to the stage quite frequently , notably on Broadway , in such esteemed productions as Edward , My Son ( 1948 ) , That Lady ( 1949 ) and Billy Budd ( 1951 ) . In 1959 , he portrayed Captain Keller in the award-winning play The Miracle Worker with Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke . All of these plays were filmed , but Thatcher did not appear in the film versions .   Also a steady fixture on television , he appeared in such made-for-TV films as adaptations of A.J. Cronin 's Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) and The Citadel ( 1960 ) , Bonanza ( 1961 ) , and Brenda Starr ( 1976 ) . He also played the title role in a Philco Television Playhouse version of Othello and acted in a CBS production of Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) . He appeared in programmes such as The Real McCoys , Thriller , Gunsmoke , Perry Mason , Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea , Daniel Boone and Mission : Impossible . He was cast as the sly space trader in an episode of Lost in Space . Thatcher , if not for his distinguished career , has become recognised by several generations of fans of Star Trek : The Original Series from his performance as Marplon , secretly a member of the resistance in the episode `` The Return of the Archons '' .   Thatcher died of cancer on 4 March 1981 , in Thousand Oaks , California , USA .

neg: Mario Navarro Mario Navarro ( Born in 1949 ) was a Mexican actor , active in the 1950s and 1960s . He made his film debut in 1956 playing a leading role in The Road of Life , following in the same year with The Beast of Hollow Mountain . In 1960 he appeared in the TV series Captain David Grief in the episode Everybody 's Boy . He later had small roles in Hollywood movies such as The Black Scorpion ( 1957 ) , The Magnificent Seven ( 1960 ) and Geronimo ( 1962 ) .

neg: Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor .   Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) .   He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .

neg: Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle .   Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . ''   Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position .   Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .

neg: Luciano Marin Luciano Marin ( born 9 December 1931 ) is an Italian actor . He appeared in more than twenty films since 1957 .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks .   Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after .   After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run .   Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances .   Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .


query: The Challenge was originally Road Rules: All Stars.

pos: The Challenge (TV series) The Challenge ( originally known as Road Rules : All Stars , followed by Real World/Road Rules Challenge ) is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network 's two reality shows , Real World and Road Rules . It features alumni from these two shows , in addition to first-time cast members called ` Fresh Meat ' , alumni from Are You the One ? , and relatives of these cast members called ` Bloodlines ' , competing against one another for a cash prize . The Challenge is currently hosted by T. J. Lavin .  The series premiered on June 1 , 1998 . The title of the show was originally Road Rules : All Stars before it was renamed Real World/Road Rules Challenge by the show 's 2nd season , then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show 's 19th season . The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season , providing assignments as `` Mr. '' or `` Ms. Big '' ( David `` Puck '' Rainey , David Edwards , and Gladys Sanabria served this role ) . Later on , however , the series began using hosts : Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season , and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T. J. Lavin became the show 's regular host by the 11th season .   Since the 4th season , each season has supplied the show with a unique subtitle , such as Rivals . Each season consists of a format and theme whereby the subtitle is derived . Of each season 's format and theme , 8 have been repeated or revamped through sequel seasons with shared subtitles . In chronological order , these include : Battle of the Sexes ( tied to Battle of the Sexes II , the show 's first sequel season ) ; The Inferno ( tied to The Inferno II and The Inferno III , the show 's first trilogy ) ; The Gauntlet ( tied to The Gauntlet II and The Gauntlet III ) ; The Duel ( tied to The Duel II ) ; Fresh Meat ( tied to Fresh Meat II ) , Battle of the Seasons ( tied to the second Battle of the Seasons ) ; Rivals ( tied to Rivals II and Rivals III ) ; and Battle of the Exes ( tied to Battle of the Exes II ) .   The current 29th season , entitled Invasion of the Champions , premiered on February 7 , 2017 and concluded on May 16 , 2017 .

neg: CARS Tour CARS Tour ( formerly known as the USARacing Pro Cup Series , USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series , CARS Pro Cup Series , Rev-Oil Pro Cup Series and CARS X1-R ProCup Series ) is a stock car auto racing series in the United States . It is sanctioned by the Championship Auto Racing Series . The series races throughout the United States primarily on short tracks .

neg: NASCAR Sportsman Division (1989–1995) The NASCAR Igloo Sportsman Challenge is a discontinued NASCAR division . It was created by Humpy Wheeler in 1989 to give short track drivers superspeedway experience .

neg: 2004 Speed World Challenge The 2004 Speed World Challenge season was the fifteenth season of the Sports Car Club of America 's World Challenge series . The series ' title sponsor was television network Speed Channel , who broadcast all the races . Championships were awarded for grand touring and touring cars . The season began on March 19 and ran for ten rounds . Tommy Archer and Audi won the championships in GT , and Bill Auberlen and BMW won in Touring Car . The season marked the first wins for the Cadillac brand , a step up for General Motors after three of its brands declined in the nineties .

neg: Women's Challenge The Women 's Challenge bicycle race ( originally known as the Ore-Ida Women 's Challenge , after its leading sponsor of `` Ore-Ida '' brand frozen potato products ) was held annually in the western United States in southern Idaho , beginning in 1984 until its demise in 2002 . Later primary sponsors were PowerBar and Hewlett-Packard .   During much of its 19-year history , it was the most prestigious women 's cycle race in North America . From 1995 , when it first obtained sanctioning from the Union Cycliste Internationale ( UCI ) , the international governing body for cycling , it developed into one of the strongest races in the world , attracting numerous World and Olympic Champions . Prior to that , in 1990 , the UCI had refused to sanction the event , citing as their reason the `` excessive climbing , stage distances , number of stages , and duration of event . '' The race that year was 17 stages and 663 mi , won by Inga Thompson .   The following year ( 1991 ) marked the debut on the international scene of a team representing Lithuania , which had just recently declared its independence and was still awaiting recognition as a country . Professionals were allowed to compete beginning in 1993 .   The race , which was run almost entirely by volunteers , set a very high standard in terms of technical administration and conduct of the race itself . Jim Rabdau , the race founder , served as chief organizer of the race throughout its entire history .   By the late 1990s , the race was able to attract sufficient sponsorship money to offer the richest prize fund ever in women 's cycling and , for a while , was the richest prize fund race in North America , men 's or women 's . At its peak , it offered $ 125,000 in prizes .   However , cuts in sponsorship forced a reduction in prize money to $ 75,000 in its last year ( 2002 ) and no title sponsor could be found to replace the outgoing sponsor for the following year , forcing the cancellation of the race . Race organizers cited a downturn in the economy as the reason .   One of the stages crested Galena Summit at 8701 ft above sea level on Highway 75 , the Northwest 's highest highway pass .

neg: The President's Challenge The President 's Challenge ( also called Presidential Champions ) is an American program by President 's Council on Fitness , Sports and Nutrition that aims to encourage all Americans to `` make being active part of their everyday lives '' and to be physically fit . The President 's Challenge is designed to help motivate participants ( international participants also eligible ) to improve regardless of activity and fitness level .   The President 's Challenge program includes Awards for actively performing members in their preferred games , sports , or athletics . There are various levels of Awards available . They are :  Presidential Active Lifestyle Award ( PALA )  Health Fitness Award  Presidential Champions Awards  Presidential Champions Bronze Award  Presidential Champions Silver Award  Presidential Champions Gold Award  Presidential Champions Platinum Award   To obtain credit participants must log in their daily efforts , which as noted above can include both sports and physical fitness activities . Each daily activity gives a certain number of points , the number computed by both its intensity and duration . Reporting is entirely on the honor system . Each higher level award requires accumulating more points . There is not a time limit . Qualifiers are eligible for certificates , medals and patches , with the platinum award being a large medallion . The lower levels are comparatively easy , while the platinum award requires a sustained effort , typically over several years . Annually the number of people who reached this point has increased . Over 100 a year now earn it . Several have been awarded it multiple times .   Participants who achieve the Platinum Award are also offered participation in the Presidential Champions Platinum Award program .

neg: Formula One Championship Edition Formula One Championship Edition is a racing video game , developed by SCE Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 . The game follows the basic structure of Formula One 06 for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable . The main differences include the updated visuals for the PS3 including a lot more detail , Sixaxis compatibility , real time reflections , car reflections on wet circuits and new wet weather effects . It was announced early in development that the safety car would be included in the game for the first time in an F1 game since Formula One 99 for the PlayStation . However , it was removed before the final release along with the PSP wing mirror integration shown at E3 .   The game also boasts dynamic weather , and improved AI . The AI system is called `` Live Action Racing '' where one can pressure the opposition , causing them to make little mistakes such as running wide on corners , causing them to crash into other cars or spin off the road of their own accord . The AI will then try to seek opportunities to pass the player in a realistic manner .   The game is based on the early 2006 F1 season . Hence , Yuji Ide drives for Super Aguri when in reality he lost his super licence just 4 races into the '06 season , and Franck Montagny , then later Sakon Yamamoto took his seat . Other minor changes throughout the real 2006 season are also not represented .   In the career mode , players begin by running tests for one of three teams ( Toro Rosso , Super Aguri or Midland F1 ) at either the Silverstone , Magny Cours or Catalunya circuits . The tests given vary between the teams . When the player successfully completes the tests , they are given the role of test driver or race driver , depending on how well the player performed in the test . After performing well as a test driver , the player will become the second driver of the team . From there the player can compete in race weekends through many different roles . As a test driver the player will try out different car settings in practice , and as a driver the player will have track position targets to meet to keep the seat . The player 's performances are subject to review at several points during the season .   The initial release did not include force-feedback support , which is considered by many to be an important feature for simulation racing games used with driving wheel controllers . A subsequent update in early 2008 added force feedback . The game also lacks support for 1080i or 1080p output resolutions . Per the calendar , the Belgian Grand Prix is not included .   The game 's cover in the North America version ( as seen on the right ) features Fernando Alonso ( the defending world champion at that time in 2006 ) who drove for the Renault team , Jenson Button who drove for the Honda team and David Coulthard who drove for the Red Bull Racing team .   Like previous games , it featured in-game commentary from then ITV F1 commentators Martin Brundle and James Allen .

neg: SRL Southwest Tour The SPEARS SRL Southwest Tour Series is a Late Model racing league operating since 1985 , originally with NASCAR sanction as the NASCAR Featherlite Southwest Tour and later AutoZone Elite Division , Southwest Series , and before being sanctioned by a group of West Coast racers under the premises of the Stockcar Racing League .   The cars feature a perimeter frame chassis where rails of equal lengths must kick out , compared to the more modern offset chassis where one side is straight and one side kicks out . They weigh 2,900 pounds and have a fiberglass body .   The original NASCAR Southwest Tour began in 1985 and ran until NASCAR discontinued the Elite Division in 2006 .   When NASCAR eliminated the Elite Division at the end of the 2006 season , former IRL driver Davey Hamilton 's SRL sanctioning body gave the former NASCAR Southwest Tour teams in the Southwest a series to race , under the SRL Wild West Shootout name .   With management of the series now under the control of the Collins family of Mesa Marin ( both old and new ) tracks , the series decided to return to the more familiar Southwest Tour name in 2008 .   Current SRL rules require a Five Star racing body complying with any NASCAR Southwest Tour-approved body from 2000 -- 2006 , or SRL since 2007 , and complying with the Approved Body Configuration program used nationally in short track racing .   In 2012 , officials announced the formation of the Spears S2 Series , which started in 2013 . This is a crate late model series giving drivers that ran the SRL Legends Series , which began in 2010 , a chance to gain experience in a full-sized stock car . At the same time the S2 Series also gave more experienced drivers the chance to race in a more affordable race car .   For 2016 , the series will permit Super Late Models to participate in the series with the United Super Late Model rules used in the Southeast and Midwest to participate in the series , allowing drivers to race in selected national big-money races with the same car .   The SRL has a green-white-checkered finish rule . Nathan Tucker won the first championship under the SRL sanction .

neg: 2003 Speed World Challenge The 2003 Speed World Challenge season was the fourteenth season of the Sports Car Club of America 's World Challenge series . The series ' title sponsor was television network Speed Channel , who televised all the races . Championships were awarded for grand touring and touring cars . It began on March 14 and ran for ten rounds . Randy Pobst and Audi won the championships in GT , and Bill Auberlen and BMW won in Touring Car . The series headed to Puerto Rico for a race in 2003 , their first race outside of the United States and Canada since 1991 when they went to Mexico .

neg: Outback Challenge This article is about the off-roading competition . For the unmanned aerial vehicle competition , see UAV Outback Challenge .   The Outback Challenge is an off-roading event that takes place in the sheep stations surrounding Broken Hill , New South Wales , Australia . It is an amateur event where competitors in specially built four-wheel drives compete in a number of trials which address all aspects of off-roading , including navigation , vehicular recovery , vehicle maintenance and bush survival as well as off-road driving skills .   The first Challenge started in 1999 , and has attracted competitors from all over Australia and overseas with competitors from New Zealand , Malaysia , United States , Great Britain , France and the Canary Islands taking part . The event was discontinued in 2011 and replaced by Australian Outback 4x4 Extreme , but was discontinued after its first year . The event will return in 2014 under new management in October , away from its traditional May date .

neg: Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed .   Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start .   In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .

neg: Australian Saloon Car Series The Australian Super Six Touring Car Series , known originally as the Australian Saloon Car Series , is an Australian motor racing series for drivers of Group 3K Saloon Cars . The Saloon Car category was devised as a low cost amateur sedan racing formula which would potentially replace the ageing HQ Holden category . The original regulations were focused around large Australian sedans of early 1990s vintage with eligibility limited to VN and VP series Holden Commodores and the EA and EB series Ford Falcons . The regulations limited the cars to six cylinder versions rather than the V8 engined models , as the latter might make the category too similar to Commodore Cup . The cars are slightly modified from their road going versions , with an emphasis on safety for racing .   The Saloon Car category made its debut at the 2000 Adelaide 500 meeting in what was the first round of a three round series . The annual series was officially sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport from 2002 and state level series have also evolved in New South Wales , Victoria , Queensland , South Australia and Western Australia . The category has been particularly successful in Western Australia .   The first major change in the category regulations saw an update in vehicle eligibility for the 2006 season with the Holden VT Commodore and the Ford AU Falcon models added to the field . The newer models proved instantly more competitive and the older cars soon slipped down the field and were relegated to class results or state level series .   In the same year the series was granted `` National Championship '' status by the CAMS and officially became the Australian Saloon Car Championship . After a second year as a Championship in 2007 it reverted to its `` National Series '' status for 2008 . In 2014 the series was rebranded under the title of Australian Super Six Touring Car Series .   The category 's most successful driver has been Bruce Heinrich who has won the national series five times , including the two Australian Saloon Car Championship titles .

neg: The Amazing Race 26 The Amazing Race 26 is the 26th installment of the reality television show The Amazing Race . In this installment , eleven teams of dating couples ( six existing couples and five blind date teams who met for the first time at the start of the race ) competed in a race around the world for a $ 1 million ( USD ) grand prize.The season premiered on CBS for the 2014 -- 15 television season with a special 90-minute episode on Wednesday , February 25 , 2015 . Following the premiere , the program aired in the same time slot that the previous season of The Amazing Race took . The season finale aired on May 15 , 2015 .   Blind date couple Laura Pierson & Tyler Adams , known as `` Team SoCal , '' were the winners of the 26th season of The Amazing Race .

neg: Survivor: All-Stars Survivor : All-Stars is the eighth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor . It was filmed from November 3 , 2003 through December 11 , 2003 and premiered on February 1 , 2004 after Super Bowl XXXVIII . It was set on the Pearl Islands of Panama , where the previous season Survivor : Pearl Islands had just wrapped up . Hosted by Jeff Probst , it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay with , for the first time , 18 competitors instead of the usual 16 , and three tribes instead of the usual two .   The winner was Amber Brkich , who was declared the Sole Survivor after a victory over Rob `` Boston Rob '' Mariano with a 4 -- 3 jury vote . At the end of the live reunion show , a twist called America 's Tribal Council was announced . It involved the public voting to award a second million-dollar prize . Rupert Boneham won the million dollars over runners up Mariano , Colby Donaldson , and Tom Buchanan .   This season was released on DVD on September 14 , 2004 .

neg: Winner Takes All (game show) Winner Takes All was a game show that aired on ITV from 20 April 1975 to 28 June 1988 , first hosted by Jimmy Tarbuck from 1975 to 1986 and then hosted by Geoffrey Wheeler from 1987 to 1988 . The show then returned on the screens in 1997 , this time on Challenge TV hosted by Bobby Davro .

neg: DARPA Grand Challenge The DARPA Grand Challenge is a prize competition for American autonomous vehicles , funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency , the most prominent research organization of the United States Department of Defense . Congress has authorized DARPA to award cash prizes to further DARPA 's mission to sponsor revolutionary , high-payoff research that bridges the gap between fundamental discoveries and military use . The initial DARPA Grand Challenge was created to spur the development of technologies needed to create the first fully autonomous ground vehicles capable of completing a substantial off-road course within a limited time . The third event , the DARPA Urban Challenge extended the initial Challenge to autonomous operation in a mock urban environment . The most recent Challenge , the 2012 DARPA Robotics Challenge , focused on autonomous emergency-maintenance robots .

neg: The Amazing Race Canada 4 The fourth season of The Amazing Race Canada is a reality game show based on the American series The Amazing Race . It features 10 teams of two , each with a pre-existing relationship . The grand prize includes : a cash payout , a `` once-in-a-lifetime '' trip for two around the world with hotel accommodations provided by new sponsor Hotels.com , and the winning team 's choice of any Chevrolet vehicle driven during the race . For the fourth year in a row , Jon Montgomery returned as the host .   The season premiere was aired on June 28 , 2016 . Dating couple Steph LeClair and Kristen McKenzie were the winners of this season of The Amazing Race Canada . They are the first all-female team to win the Canadian edition of the show and the first lesbian couple team to win any edition of the Race worldwide . In the After the Race reunion special , it was revealed that both chose the Silverado truck featured in Leg 1 .

neg: Changing Lanes (TV series) Changing Lanes is an American reality series that aired from September 10 until October 20 , 2010 .

neg: Roadeo A roadeo is a competitive driving event for motor vehicle drivers in which drivers compete to pass through a variety of obstacles in the smallest amount of time .

neg: All-America This article is about the concept in sports teams . For similarly-named articles , see All American .  An All-America team is a hypothetical American sports team composed of outstanding amateur players . These players are broadly considered by media and other relevant commentators as the best players in a particular sport , of a specific season , for each team position .   Such athletes at the high school and college level are given the honorific title and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' or simply `` All-Americans '' .

neg: Road to the Kentucky Derby The Road to the Kentucky Derby is a points system by which horses qualify for a position in the starting gate in the Kentucky Derby . It features around 35 stakes races for 2 and 3-year-old Thoroughbreds -- the number and specific races have changed slightly over the years . The point system replaces the previous qualifying system which looked at earnings from graded stakes races worldwide .   The series is divided into two phases , the Kentucky Derby Prep Season and the Kentucky Derby Championship Series . The prep season consists of early races on dirt or synthetic surfaces over distances of at least one mile that typically are run between late September and late February . Points are awarded to the top 4 finishers in each race on a 10-4-2-1 scale , except for the Breeders ' Cup Juvenile , which is awarded points on a 20-8-4-2 scale . The championship season consists of two legs and a `` wild card '' round . The first leg includes minor prep races , usually Grade II , with a 50-20-10-5 scale . The second leg includes major prep races , usually Grade I , with a 100-40-20-10 scale . The `` wild card '' consists of one race and has a 10-4-2-1 scale .   The top 19 point earners are entitled to a position in the starting gate in the Derby ( the actual post position is determined later , by random draw ) . If any of the top 19 ( or the 20th position offered to a horse from Japan ) does not enter the Derby , their position is given to the next ranked horses on the list . Up to 24 horses may enter the race , with the bottom four point-earners listed as `` also eligible '' . If any of the top 20 is scratched after entries are taken but before betting begins , the next ranked horse on the also eligible list will be eligible to run .   If two or more horses have the same number of points , the tiebreaker to get into the race will be earnings in non-restricted stakes races , whether or not they are graded . In the event of a tie , those horses will divide equally the points they would have received jointly had one beaten the other . If an owner wants a filly to run in the race , she will have to earn points in the same races as the colts and geldings -- points earned of the Road to the Kentucky Oaks are not transferable to the Derby . Horses listed as `` also eligible '' are not allowed to participate in the race once wagering is opened .