query: Heinrich Himmler was an overseer.

pos: Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( -LSB- ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈluˑɪtˌpɔlt ˈhɪmlɐ -RSB- ; 7 October 1900 -- 23 May 1945 ) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel ( Protection Squadron ; SS ) , and a leading member of the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) of Germany . Nazi leader Adolf Hitler briefly appointed him a military commander and later Commander of the Replacement ( Home ) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich ( Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung ) . Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and one of the people most directly responsible for the Holocaust .   As a member of a reserve battalion during World War I , Himmler did not see active service . He studied agronomy in college , and joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925 . In 1929 , he was appointed Reichsführer-SS by Hitler . Over the next 16 years , he developed the SS from a mere 290-man battalion into a million-strong paramilitary group , and , following Hitler 's orders , set up and controlled the Nazi concentration camps . He was known to have good organisational skills and for selecting highly competent subordinates , such as Reinhard Heydrich in 1931 . From 1943 onwards , he was both Chief of German Police and Minister of the Interior , overseeing all internal and external police and security forces , including the Gestapo ( Secret State Police ) . Himmler had a lifelong interest in occultism , interpreting Germanic neopagan and Völkisch beliefs to promote the racial policy of Nazi Germany , and incorporating esoteric symbolism and rituals into the SS .   On Hitler 's behalf , Himmler formed the Einsatzgruppen and built extermination camps . As facilitator and overseer of the concentration camps , Himmler directed the killing of some six million Jews , between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani people , and other victims ; the total number of civilians killed by the regime is estimated at eleven to fourteen million people . Most of them were Polish and Soviet citizens .   Late in World War II , Hitler charged Himmler with the command of the Army Group Upper Rhine and the Army Group Vistula ; he failed to achieve his assigned objectives and Hitler replaced him in these posts . Realising that the war was lost , he attempted to open peace talks with the western Allies without Hitler 's knowledge shortly before the war ended . Hearing of this , Hitler dismissed him from all his posts in April 1945 and ordered his arrest . Himmler attempted to go into hiding , but was detained and then arrested by British forces once his identity became known . While in British custody , he committed suicide on 23 May 1945 .

neg: Fortifications of the inner German border The fortifications of the inner German border comprised a complex system of interlocking fortifications and security zones 1381 km long and several kilometres deep , running from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia . The outer fences and walls were the most familiar and visible aspect of the system for Western visitors to the border zone , but they were merely the final obstacle for a would-be escapee from East Germany . The complexity of the border system increased steadily until it reached its full extent in the early 1980s . The following description and the accompanying diagram describe the border as it was around 1980 .   Travelling notionally from east to west , an escapee would first reach the edge of the restricted zone ( Sperrzone ) , a closely controlled strip of land 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) wide , running parallel with the border . Evading the patrols and watchful inhabitants of the Sperrzone , the escapee would have reached the first of the border fences . The signal fence ( Signalzaun ) , around 500 to from the actual border , was lined with low-voltage electrified barbed wire which activated alarms when touched or cut .   Beyond the signal fence was the `` protective strip '' ( Schutzstreifen ) . It was brightly lit by floodlights in many places to reduce an escapee 's chances of using the cover of darkness . Guard towers , bunkers and dog runs were positioned at frequent intervals to keep a round-the-clock watch over the strip . Crossing the Schutzstreifen , the escapee would next reach the floodlit control strip , often called the `` death strip '' in the West . Tripwire-activated flare launchers were situated at various points to help the border guards pinpoint the location of an escape attempt . The last and most formidable obstacle was the outer fencing . In some places there were multiple parallel rows of fences , each up to several metres high , with minefields in between . The fences were not electrified but were booby-trapped with directional anti-personnel mines at intervals of 10 m , each one of which was capable of killing at a range of up to 120 m. Finally , the escapee had to cross whatever natural obstacles were on the western side of the border fence as well as traversing a strip of cleared ground that was up to 500 meters ( 1640 ft ) wide . While crossing this outer strip , the escapee would appear in clear view and shooting range of the border guards before reaching the safety of West German territory .

neg: Frankfurt Documents thumb | right | 200px | Members of the Frankfurt conference  Frankfurt Documents were a series of documents which were an important step on the way to the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany .   On July 1 , 1948 the representatives of the Western allied occupation forces handed over a number of documents to the prime ministers and two ruling mayors from the western zones of occupation , in which the recommendations were made , including establishing a West German state . The main problem of these recommendations was that they did not provide all-German solution , but only a West German state . The Frankfurt documents formed a working basis for the work on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . They were created at the London 6-Power Conference in early 1948 .   The handover took place in the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main , and the documents took the name of this town . The military governors Lucius D. Clay ( United States ) , Marie-Pierre Koenig ( France ) and Sir Brian Robertson ( UK ) issued an order establishing a western German state . Present were Peter Altmeier ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) , Karl Arnold ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , Lawrence Bock ( Württemberg-Hohenzollern ) , Max Brauer ( Hamburg ) , Hans Ehard ( Bavaria ) , Wilhelm Kaisen ( Bremen ) , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf ( Lower Saxony ) , Hermann Lüdemann ( Schleswig-Holstein ) , Reinhold Maier ( Württemberg-Baden ) , Christian Stock ( Hessen ) and Leo Wohleb ( Baden ) .   A West German state was to be established under the following conditions :   There should be a constitutional convention ( German : Verfassunggebende Versammlung , literally , `` Constituent Assembly '' ) before September 1 , 1948 , to draft a constitution shaping a federal form of government , while maintaining the rights of people and the participating states .  This constitution should first be approved by the military governments , then a referendum in the countries to ratify the Constitution .  The respective simple majority in two thirds of eleven West German states should be sufficient for ratification . Constitutional amendments must be approved by the military governors .  The German foreign policy should continue to be controlled by the military governors in a minimum , as Ruhr questions , repairs , industrial and rights of the Allied forces .  The boundaries of each state should be reviewed and it should , if necessary , taking into account of traditional forms of new countries are created , none compared to the other should be too large or too small .   The Frankfurt Documents prompted the Prime Minister to hold Rittersturz Conference in Koblenz , on the resolutions that were passed .   Category : Political history of Germany  Category : Political conferences

neg: Aryan certificate In Nazi Germany , the Aryan certificate ( ` Ariernachweis ' ) was a document which certified that a person was a member of the Aryan race . Beginning in April 1933 it was required from all employees and officials in the public sector , including education , according to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service . It was also a primary requirement to become a Reich citizen , mainly for those who were not present in Germany at the time of the National Socialist regime 's uprising .   There were two main types .  Kleiner Ariernachweis '' ( `` Lesser Aryan certificate '' ) was one of :  Seven birth or baptism certificates ( or a combination of both ) ( the person , his parents and grandparents ) and three marriage certificates ( parents and grandparents ) or certified proofs thereof .  Ahnenpass ( literally ancestor 's passport )  Certified genealogy table ( `` Ahnentafel '' )  `` Großer Ariernachweis '' ( `` Greater Aryan certificate '' ) was required for compliance with the requirements of `` Reichserbhofgesetz '' ( land heritage law ) and membership in the Nazi party . This certificate had to trace the family pedigree down to 1800 ( and to 1750 for SS officers ) . According to the especially strict regulation of this law which included the goal of `` Preserving the Purity of German Blood '' only those were eligible who could prove ( reaching back to January 1 , 1800 ) that `` none of their paternal nor their maternal ancestors had Jewish or colored blood '' .

neg: Karl Eberhard Schöngarth __ NOTOC __  Karl Georg Eberhard Schöngarth ( 22 April 1903 -- 16 May 1946 ) or Niclause Overby was a member of the SS of Nazi Germany . He was a war criminal who perpetrated mass murder and genocide in occupied Poland during the Holocaust .   Schöngarth was born in Leipzig , Saxony . In 1933 he became a member of the SD Intelligence Service of the SS . During the German attack on Poland he was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer and served as Senior Inspector of SiPo Security Police in Dresden . In January 1941 he was sent to Kraków , Poland , as Senior Commander of the SiPo and SD . During the time Schöngarth was stationed in Kraków , he formed several Einsatzgruppen ( Special Action Groups ) in Warsaw , Radom , and Lublin , with the intention of perpetrating massacres . He was responsible for the murder of up to 10,000 Jewish citizens between July and September 1941 and the massacre of Lviv professors behind the frontline of Operation Barbarossa in the Soviet Union . Schöngarth attended the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942 , along with Dr. Rudolf Lange ( Einsatzgruppen A ) , who had also participated in the Holocaust . From early July 1944 until the end of war he worked as Commander of the Gestapo in the Netherlands .   Schöngarth was captured by the allies at the end of the war in Europe . After an investigation into his background , he was charged with the crime of murdering a downed Allied pilot ( on 21 November 1944 ) and tried by a British Military Court in Burgsteinfurt . He was found guilty of this war crime on 11 February 1946 and sentenced to death by hanging . Schöngarth was executed by Albert Pierrepoint on 16 May 1946 at Hameln Prison .

neg: List of German-trained divisions of the National Revolutionary Army The German trained divisions were the elite of the infantry divisions in the Chiang Kai-Shek 's National Revolutionary Army ( NRA ) trained under Sino-German cooperation until 1941 . These divisions were active in the Chinese Civil War and Second Sino-Japanese War .   In 1927 , after the dissolution of the First United Front between the Nationalists and the Communists , the ruling Kuomintang ( KMT , or the Chinese Nationalist Party ) purged its leftist members and largely eliminated Soviet influence from its ranks . Chiang Kai-shek then turned to Germany , historically a great military power , for the reorganisation and modernisation of the NRA .   The Weimar Republic sent advisors to China , but because of the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles , they could not serve in military capacities . Chiang initially requested famous generals such as Ludendorff and von Mackensen as advisors - the Weimar Republic turned him down , fearing that they were too famous , would invite the ire of the Allies , and would result in the loss of national prestige for such renowned figures to work , essentially , as mercenaries .   When Adolf Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 and disregarded the Treaty , the anti-communist NSDAP ( the Nazi Party ) and the anti-communist KMT were soon engaged in cooperation with Germany training Chinese troops and expanding Chinese infrastructure , while China opened its markets and natural resources to Germany . Max Bauer was the first advisor to China .   In 1934 General Hans von Seeckt , acting as advisor to Chiang , proposed a `` 80 Division Plan '' for reforming the entire Chinese army into 80 divisions of highly trained , well-equipped troops organised along German lines . The plan was never fully realised , as the vying warlords could not agree upon the reorganisationed division organization and the disbanding of the others . By July 1937 only 8 infantry divisions had completed reorganisation and training . These were the 3rd , 6th , 9th , 14th , 36th , 87th , 88th , and the Training Division .   Another 12 divisions equipped with Chinese arms on the reorganized model with German advisors had some training by the time the Second Sino-Japanese War started in July 1937 . These Divisions were the 2nd , 4th , 10th , 11th , 25th , 27th , 57th , 67th , 80th , 83rd , 89th Infantry Divisions .   Reorganized Division organization   Division headquarters troops :  1 Artillery battalion :  3 Artillery companies ( 12 x 75 millimeter mountain artillery guns in batteries of 4 )  1 Anti Tank artillery company ( 4 x 37mm AT gun )  1 Anti-aircraft gun company ( 4 x 20mm anti-aircraft guns )  1 Military Engineer Battalion  1 Signal battalion  2 Wire communications companies  1 Wireless correspondence platoon  1 Heavy Transport Battalion  1 Special duty Battalion ( Special Operations Battalion )  1 medical team ( usually is a Division hospital )  2 Infantry Brigades of :  each with 2 infantry regiments , Each Regiment consisted of :  Regimental headquarters troops :  1 Mortar company ( 6 x 81 millimeter mortars )  1 Small artillery company ( 6 x 20 millimeter autocannon )  1 Communications company  1 Regimental recon company  3 infantry battalions each of :  Infantry battalion headquarters troops :  1 heavy Machinegun company ( 6 heavy machine guns , 2 x 82 millimeter mortars )  3 Infantry companies of :  3 rifle platoons of  3 squads ( each of 1 light machine gun , 10 rifles )   Each Division was to have two Home Regiments to provide trained Infantry replacements .  The strength of this Division was to be approximately 14,000 men .

neg: Schwerbelastungskörper The Schwerbelastungskörper ( German : `` heavy load-bearing body '' ) ( a.k.a. Großbelastungskörper - GBK ) is a hefty concrete cylinder in Berlin , Germany located at the intersection of Dudenstraße , General-Pape-Straße , and Loewenhardtdamm in the northwestern part of the borough of Tempelhof . It was erected in 1941-1942 by Hitler 's chief architect Albert Speer to determine the feasibility of constructing large buildings on the area 's marshy , sandy ground , specifically a massive triumphal arch on a nearby plot . The arch , which would be in the style of the Nazi architectural movement , was to be about three times as large as the Arc de Triomphe in Paris and was one component of a plan to redesign the center of Berlin as an imposing , monumental capital reflecting the spirit of the Third Reich as envisioned by Hitler .   Built by Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG in 1941 at a cost of 400,000 Reichsmark , the Schwerbelastungskörper consists of a foundation with a diameter of 11 m ( 36 ft ) that reaches 18.2 m ( 59 ft ) into the ground and contains rooms which once housed instruments to measure ground subsidence caused by the weight of the cylinder , which was estimated as equivalent to the load calculated for one pillar of the intended arch . On this foundation a cylinder 14 m ( 46 ft ) high and 21 m ( 69 ft ) in diameter weighing 12,650 tonnes was erected at street level . The entire construction puts a weight of 12.65 kg per cm ² on an area of 100 m ² . If it were to sink less than 6 cm ( 2.5 in ) the soil would be deemed sound enough for further construction without additional stabilization . The cylinder itself was to be subsequently buried under an artificial hill upon which the triumphal arch was to be erected , enabling a panoramic view down a new wide north-south axis to a huge assembly hall to be constructed near , and dwarfing , the Brandenburg Gate .   Work on the new capital was soon discontinued because of World War II and measurements at the cylinder ceased in June 1944 . An analysis of the meticulous measurements only took place in 1948 , revealing that the cylinder had sunk some 19 cm ( ca. 7 inches ) after two and a half years . The arch as conceived by Speer could only have been built after considerable prior stabilization of the ground .   Removal of the cylinder was considered after the war to create new building sites , but because of its mass as well as nearby train tracks and apartment buildings the structure could not be safely demolished with explosives . Measurements of the subsidence were resumed and continued until 1977 under the auspices of the Technical University of Berlin as part of a project to compile data about the city 's geologic foundation . Since 1995 the monumental cylinder has been protected as a historic monument . It is open to the public for viewing and guided tours .

neg: Herbert Mehlhorn Georg Herbert Mehlhorn ( 24 March 1903 -- 30 October 1968 ) was an SS Oberführer , Nazi legal expert , and Gestapo official . Mehlhorn was involved in the camouflage of the mass graves of the Jewish victims in the forest of the Chełmno extermination camp . He operated gas wagons at the Chełmno camp to murder the sick Jewish prisoners who were sent from the Wartheland ghettoes . He was also a director of Stiftung Nordhav , a front organization of the Sicherheitsdienst founded in 1939 by Reinhard Heydrich , one of the main architects of the Holocaust . He was the mentor of SS-Brigadeführer Walter Schellenberg while at the SS-Hauptamt .

neg: Final Solution The Final Solution ( Endlösung ) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question ( die Endlösung der Judenfrage , -LSB- diː ˈɛntˌløːzʊŋ deːɐ̯ ˈjuːdn̩ˌfʁaːɡə -RSB- ) was a Nazi plan for the extermination of the Jews during World War II . The `` Final Solution of the Jewish Question '' was the Nazi code name for the plan to murder all Jews within reach , and was not limited to the European continent . This policy of deliberate and systematic genocide started across German-occupied Europe was formulated in procedural and geo-political terms by Nazi leadership in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference near Berlin , and culminated in the Holocaust which saw the killing of 90 percent of Jewish Poles , and two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe .   The nature and timing of the decisions that led to the Final Solution is an intensely studied and debated aspect of the Holocaust . The program evolved during the first 25 months of war leading to the attempt at `` murdering every last Jew in the German grasp . '' Most historians agree , wrote Christopher Browning , that the Final Solution can not be attributed to a single decision made at one particular point in time . `` It is generally accepted the decision-making process was prolonged and incremental . '' In 1940 , following the Fall of France , the Madagascar Plan was devised by Adolf Eichmann in order to relocate Europe 's Jewish population to the French colony ; but the plan was abandoned for logistical reasons mainly due to a naval blockade . There were also preliminary plans to deport Jews to Palestine and Siberia . In 1941 , wrote Raul Hilberg , in the first phase of the mass murder of Jews , the mobile killing units began to pursue their victims across occupied eastern territories ; in the second phase , stretching across all of German-occupied Europe , the Jewish victims were sent on death trains to centralized extermination camps built for the purpose of systematic implementation of the Final Solution .

neg: Ideology of the SS The ideology espoused by the Schutzstaffel ( `` Protection Squadron '' ; SS ) , a paramilitary force and instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany , emphasized a racist vision of `` racial purity '' , antisemitism , and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany .   SS men were indoctrinated with the belief they were members of a `` master race '' . The ideology of the SS was , even more so than in Nazism in general , built on the belief in a superior `` Aryan race '' . This led to the SS playing the main role in political violence and crimes against humanity , including the Holocaust and `` mercy killing '' of those with congenital illnesses . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , the SS and Nazi Party were found to be criminal organizations at the Nuremberg Trials .

neg: Hans Refior Hans Refior was an officer in the German Army during World War II . Refior was on the staff of the last two German commanders of the `` Berlin Defense Area '' during the final assault by Soviet forces on the city of Berlin .   On 18 March 1945 , Colonel Refior became the Chief of Staff for Lieutenant General ( Generalleutnant ) Helmuth Reymann during the Battle for Berlin . Reymann was named the commander of the Berlin Defense Area on 6 March . From the beginning , it was clear to Refior that Reymann 's predecessor , General Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild , had left them nothing .   By early April , Refior and Reymann confirmed to themselves that Berlin had no chance of holding out with the forces at their disposal . They recommended to Joseph Goebbels , the Minister of Propaganda , that civilians be allowed to leave . Refior and Reyman indicated that this was especially important for the women and children . Goebbels ' feeble response made it clear to Refior and Reymann that he had never considered nor had he any idea of the logistics required for such a mass evacuation .   To determine how many soldiers and weapons could be counted on , Refior and Reymann attempted to make an accounting of what was available to them in the `` Berlin Defense Area '' . They soon discovered that the title `` Berlin Defense Area '' carried no significance . `` Berlin Defense Area '' was just another phrase , like `` Fortress '' ( Festung ) , coined by German dictator Adolf Hitler . Attempts by Refior to coordinate the defences with the field commanders of the surrounding areas of Berlin were not successful .   On 23 April , Hitler replaced Reymann with General der Artillerie Helmuth Weidling as the commander of the Berlin Defense Area . Weidling kept Refior and made him his `` civil '' Chief-of-Staff .   Early on the morning of 26 April , Refior was awoken from a brief sleep in Weidling 's headquarters , the Bendlerblock . What woke him was a rapid sequence of ranging artillery shells ( what the Soviets called `` framing '' ) . Refior noted that these were `` old frontline hares '' . He knew from experience that these were the `` greeting '' before a salvo of katyusha rockets .   Weidling remained in command of Berlin 's defences to the end . On 2 May General Weidling , Theodor von Dufving , Weidling 's `` military '' Chief-of-Staff , and other members of Weidling 's staff which included Refior , ultimately surrendered the city to Soviet General Vasily Chuikov .

neg: Gestapo–NKVD conferences The Gestapo -- NKVD conferences were a series of security police meetings organized in late 1939 and early 1940 by Germany and the Soviet Union , following their joint invasion of Poland in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet alliance . The meetings enabled both parties to pursue specific goals and aims as outlined independently by Hitler and Stalin , with regard to the acquired , formerly Polish territories . The conferences were held by the Gestapo and the NKVD officials in several Polish cities . In spite of their differences on other issues , both Heinrich Himmler and Lavrentiy Beria had similar objectives as far as the fate of the prewar Poland was concerned .   The attack on Poland ended with the Nazi -- Soviet victory parade in Brześć , which was held on 22 September 1939 . Brześć was the location of the first Nazi-Soviet meeting organized on 27 September 1939 , in which the prisoner exchange was decided prior to the signing of mutual agreements in Moscow a day later . In the following month , the Gestapo and the NKVD met in Lwów to discuss the fate of civilian populations during radical reorganization of the annexed territories . They met again in occupied Przemyśl at the end of November , because Przemyśl was a border crossing between the two invaders . The next series of meetings began in December 1939 , a month after the first transfer of Polish prisoners of war . The conferences were held in occupied Kraków in the General Government on 6 -- 7 December 1939 ; and continued for the next two days in the resort town of Zakopane in the Tatra Mountains of southern Poland ( 100 km from Kraków ) on 8 -- 9 December 1939 . The Zakopane Conference is the most remembered . From the Soviet side , several higher officers of the NKVD secret police participated in the meetings , while the German hosts provided a group of experts from the Gestapo .

neg: Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda ( Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda , RMVP or Propagandaministerium ) was a Nazi government agency to enforce Nazi ideology .

neg: Otto Hellmuth Otto Hellmuth ( July 22 , 1896 -- April 20 , 1968 ) was a member of the Nazi Party .   Born at Markt Einersheim , he was Gauleiter of the German region of Lower Franconia ( Unterfranken ) from 1928 to 1945 . His home and office were in Würzburg , the capital of the Gau Mainfranken . By 1935 , Hellmuth had his Gau renamed as Mainfranken . After World War II , the region 's original name was reinstated . He entered service as a Kriegsfreiwilliger , assigned successively to 9 . Bayerisches Infanterie-Regiment , 4 . Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment , and 8 . Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment . He was wounded in action four times during World War I . He returned to Germany in October , 1918 after being severely gassed .   In 1928 , Hellmuth became Gauleiter of Lower Franconia . Three weeks before the first nationwide anti-Jewish boycott began in 1933 , Hellmuth already forced the closing of Jewish-owned stores and offices in Würzburg . As a private residence , he acquired the house of a Jewish pharmacist . When the Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin of Mainfranken paid Passau a formal visit , with a delegation of activists , Margarethe Schneider-Reichel presented them with a painting of Hellmuth .   Over most of his term , Hellmuth was not an impressive personality . Joseph Goebbels saw him as `` a most retiring unassuming Gauleiter in whom one had not too much confidence . '' However , Hellmuth defended his Gau vigorously in the spring of 1945 , as Goebbels noted in his diary on April 2 .   In 1947 , Hellmuth was accused of complicity in the murders of Allied aircraft pilots . He was tried at Dachau and sentenced to death . This sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment . He was released in 1955 .   Hellmuth killed himself on April 20 , 1968 in Reutlingen .

neg: 6th SS-Standarte The 6th SS-Standarte was a regimental command of the Allgemeine-SS situated in the city of Berlin . As the command was located in the capital of Germany , the 6th Standarte was considered one of the more important SS units in Nazi Germany . The members of the Standarte themselves , however , were non-paid mustering troops of the `` General-SS '' as was the practice for most Allgemeine-SS regiments .   The Standarte was first formed in October 1931 and was part of the so-called `` Northern SS '' under the control of Kurt Daluege . At the time , there was a divisional disunity in the SS , with SS units in southern Germany controlled by Heinrich Himmler and the northern units answering to Daluege . It was not until 1934 , after most of the SS headquarters offices had relocated to Berlin , that this division was eventually done away with .   During Reichstag elections of 1931 , the 6th SS Standarte played a significant role in campaigning for the Nazi Party and repeated the effort again when Adolf Hitler ran for the office of President of Germany in 1932 . One early member of the Standarte , who would later become the Reichsführer-SS was Karl Hanke .   After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 , the 6th SS-Standarte adopted the honor title of `` Charlottenburg '' and often participated in several major Nazi Party rallies held in the German capitol . A year later , during the Night of the Long Knives , the Standarte played a major role in rounding up the Sturmabteilung leadership in Berlin , although most SA executions were carried out by SD troops and Gestapo agents .   One of the most notorious actions that the 6th SS-Standarte engaged in was `` Kristallnacht '' where Berlin SS men sought out and destroyed numerous Jewish synagogues and businesses . Shortly afterwards , the Standarte was granted a second honor title as `` 6 SS-Standarte Eduard Felsen '' .   When World War II began in 1939 , the Berlin SS regiment slowly began losing its members to regular military service , since mustering Allgemeine-SS personnel were not exempt from conscription . The Standarte was still participating in ceremonial functions as late as 1944 , however , and in the last year of the war many of the remaining members became involved with the Volksturm and participated in the Battle of Berlin .

neg: Göring's Green Folder In the Nuremberg Trials there was a document referred to as the `` Green Folder '' of Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring . This was the master policy directive for the economic exploitation of the conquered Soviet Union . The implications of this document were the death by starvation of millions of Slavic people , something that partially came to pass in the Holocaust , the neglect of Soviet soldiers captured by the Nazis which led to huge mortality rates , and the general expropriation of food in the occupied areas of the Soviet Union . It is also referred to as Document of the Soviet Prosecution , Exhibit USSR 10 .

neg: Emanuel Schäfer Emanuel Schäfer ( April 20 , 1900 -- December 4 , 1974 ) was a high-ranking SS functionary ( SS-Oberführer ) and a protégé of Reinhard Heydrich in Nazi Germany .   Born in 1900 , Schäfer served in World War I. Post-war , he participated in far-right Freikorps groups such as the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt and from 1925 -- 28 , the Stahlhelm ( Steel Helmet ) .   Schäfer joined the paramilitary Sturmabteilung ( SA ) in 1933 . He was an active member of the Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ) , the SS security service , in 1933 , and entered the SS in September 1936 .   During World War II , Schäfer was head of the Nazi security police in Serbia . Between January and May 1942 , Schäfer supervised the murder by gassing of around 7,300 Jews from the Semlin camp across the Sava river from Belgrade . A Saurer gas van was used to kill the 7,300 . A further 1200 Jews died as a result of the camp 's harsh conditions , or from executions . The van was used for the last time on 10th May 1942 . In May 1942 , Schäfer sent a cable to the Reich Main Security Office boasting `` with pride '' that `` Belgrade was the only great city in Europe that was free of Jews . ''   In Germany after the war , Schäfer was sentenced to six and a half years in prison for his crimes during the war . He died in 1974 .

neg: Operation Osoaviakhim Operation Osoaviakhim was a Soviet operation which took place on 22 October 1946 , with NKVD and Soviet army units forcibly ( at gunpoint ) recruiting more than 2,000 German technical specialists and scientists from the Soviet occupation zone of post-World War II Germany for employment in the Soviet Union . Much related equipment was moved too , the aim being to literally transplant research and production centres , such as the relocated V-2 rocket centre at Mittelwerk Nordhausen , from Germany to the Soviet Union , and collect as much materiel as possible from test centres such as the Luftwaffe 's central military aviation test centre at Erprobungstelle Rechlin , taken by the Red Army on 2 May 1945 . The codename `` Osoaviakhim '' was the acronym of a Soviet paramilitary organisation , later renamed DOSAAF .   The operation was commanded by NKVD deputy Colonel General Serov , outside the control of the local Soviet Military Administration ( which in a few cases , such as Carl Zeiss AG , tried to prevent the removal of specialists and equipment of vital economic significance for the occupation zone , unsuccessfully , as it turned out , with reportedly only 582 of 10,000 machines left in place at Zeiss ) . Planned some time in advance to take place after the zone 's elections on 20 October , to avoid damaging the Socialist Unity Party 's chances ( which in any event lost the election ) , the operation took 92 trains to transport the specialists and their families ( perhaps 10,000-15 ,000 people in all ) along with their furniture and belongings . Whilst those removed were offered contracts ( the specialists were told that they would be paid on the same terms as equivalent Soviet workers ) , there was little doubt that failing to sign them was not a realistic option .   A major consideration of the Soviet decision to undertake the operation was fear of the German economy and technological potential re-acclimatizing amidst the cooperation of Soviet and German technical experts after the war , and the simultaneous desire to cultivate this technological potential for the Soviet Union 's benefit ( especially as it concerned the nascent rocket program thereof ) . In particular , A. G. Myrkin of the Soviet artillery directorate wrote a letter to the head of NKVD operations in Germany complaining about the prominence of German scientists in important state-secure work . Another possible reason for the operation was the Soviet fear of being condemned for noncompliance with Allied Control Council agreements on the liquidation of German military installations . New agreements were expected on four-power inspections of remaining German war potential , which the Soviets supported , being concerned about developments in the western zones . The operation has parallels with Allied operations such as Operation Overcast , Operation Paperclip , and Operation Alsos , in which the Allies brought military specialists , notably Wernher von Braun , from Germany ( primarily to the United States ) .

neg: Flensburg Government The Flensburg Government ( Flensburger Regierung ) , also known as the Flensburg Cabinet ( Flensburger Kabinett ) , the Dönitz Government ( Regierung Dönitz ) , or the Schwerin von Krosigk Cabinet ( Kabinett Schwerin von Krosigk ) , was the short-lived government of Nazi Germany during a period of three weeks around the end of World War II in Europe . The government was formed following the suicide of Adolf Hitler on 30 April during the Battle of Berlin . It was headed by Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as the Reichspräsident and Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk as the Leading Minister .   The administration was referred to as the `` Flensburg Government '' because Dönitz 's headquarters had been relocated in the port of Flensburg in northern Germany on 3 May 1945 . Due to the rapid Allied advance , its nominal jurisdiction at the outset was limited to a narrow wedge of territory running from the Austrian border through Berlin to the Danish border ; which , since 25 April 1945 , had been cut in two by the American advance to join with Soviet forces at Torgau on the Elbe . Following the capitulation of all German armed forces on 8 May , the Flensburg government lost all direct territorial , military or civil jurisdiction , and all diplomatic relations were withdrawn . The western Allies allowed it to continue to meet and conduct what business it could until 23 May .

neg: Rintfleisch massacres The Rintfleisch or Rindfleisch movement was a series of massacres against Jews in the year 1298 . The event , in later terminology a pogrom , was the first large-scale persecutions in Germany since the First Crusade .   It was set in the Franconian region during the civil strife between the elected King of the Romans , Count Adolf of Nassau , and his Habsburg rival Duke Albert of Austria , when Imperial authority , traditionally concerned with the protection of the Jews , had temporarily collapsed . Already in 1287 the death of Werner of Oberwesel in the Rhineland had been blamed on Jews and about 500 were killed in revenge , followed by a series of blood libels . When finally King Adolf was deposed and killed in the Battle of Göllheim on 2 July 1298 , the Franconian nobility gathered at Albert 's election in Frankfurt .   When at the same time the Jews in the Hohenlohe town of Röttingen were accused of having obtained and desecrated a consecrated host , one `` Lord Rindtfleisch '' , who the sources refer to either as an impoverished knight or -- more probably -- a butcher ( the term Rindfleisch means `` beef '' in modern German spelling ) , gathered a mob around him and burned the Röttingen Jews on Sunday , April 20 . Rintfleisch declared to have received a mandate from heaven to avenge the sacrilege and exterminate the Jews . The Colmar Dominican Rudolph refers to him in Latin as a carnifex , i.e. butcher or executioner , but it is not clear if Rudolph meant his original profession , or his behaviour as a slaughterer of the Jews . According to contemporary sources the Lord of Röttingen , Kraft von Hohenlohe , was encumbered with debts to Jewish lenders .   After this , he and his mob went from town to town and killed all Jews that fell under their control , destroying the Jewish communities at Rothenburg ob der Tauber , Würzburg , Bamberg , Dinkelsbühl , Nördlingen and Forchheim . In the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg , the Jews sought refuge in the fortress and were assisted by the Christian citizens , but Rintfleisch overcame the defenders and butchered the Jews on 1 August . The Nürnberger Memorbuch contains the names of thousands of murdered Jews in numerous cities , among them Mordechai ben Hillel , a pupil of Meir of Rothenburg , with his wife and children . The communities at Regensburg and Augsburg alone escaped the mass killing , as they were protected by the cities ' magistrates . Spreading from Franconia to Bavaria and Austria , the persecutors destroyed 146 communities , about 20,000 Jews were killed .   The Austrian Chronicle of 95 Seigneurs about 100 years later alleged that King Albert I finally had Rintfleisch arrested and hanged . The cities in which Jews had been killed were required to pay fines to the king .

neg: Lublin Ghetto The Lublin Ghetto was a World War II ghetto created by Nazi Germany in the city of Lublin on the territory of General Government in occupied Poland . The ghetto inmates were mostly Polish Jews , although a number of Roma were also brought in . Set up in March 1941 , the Lublin Ghetto was one of the first Nazi-era ghettos slated for liquidation during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust in occupied Poland . Between mid-March and mid-April 1942 over 30,000 Jews were delivered to their deaths in cattle trucks at the Bełżec extermination camp and additional 4,000 at Majdanek .


query: Bruno Mars leads "The Hooligans."

pos: Bruno Mars Peter Gene Hernandez ( born October 8 , 1985 ) , known professionally as Bruno Mars ( -LSB- ˈmɑrz -RSB- ) , is an American singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , record producer , and choreographer . Born and raised in Honolulu , Hawaii , by a family of musicians , Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood . He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career . After being dropped by Motown Records , Mars signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 2009 .   In 2009 , he co-founded the production team The Smeezingtons , responsible for the singles `` Nothin ' on You '' by B.o.B and `` Billionaire '' by Travie McCoy . He featured on the hooks for both singles , becoming recognized as a solo artist . His debut studio album Doo-Wops & Hooligans ( 2010 ) included the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles `` Just the Way You Are '' and `` Grenade '' , as well as the number-four single `` The Lazy Song '' . His second album , Unorthodox Jukebox ( 2012 ) , peaked at number one in the United States . The album spawned the international singles `` Locked Out of Heaven '' , `` When I Was Your Man '' and `` Treasure '' . In 2014 , Mars lent his vocals to Mark Ronson 's `` Uptown Funk '' . In 2016 , he released his third studio album 24K Magic with the lead single of the same title released on October 7 , 2016 . To date , he has sold over 115 million singles and 9 million albums worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . Mars has landed seven number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 since his career launched in 2010 , attaining his first five faster than any male artist since Elvis Presley .   Mars has received many awards and nominations , including five Grammy Awards , and was named one of Times 100 most influential people in the world in 2011 . In December 2013 , he ranked number one on the Forbes 30 under 30 list . Mars is known for his stage performances and retro showmanship . He is accompanied by his band , The Hooligans , who play a variety of instruments such as electric guitar , bass , piano , keyboards , drums and horns , and also serve as backup singers and dancers . Mars performs in a wide range of musical styles .

neg: Homie (band) Homie was a side project of Rivers Cuomo , lead singer of the band Weezer . Homie , as it stands now , was a one-time effort . Homie has released just one song , `` American Girls '' , for the soundtrack of the 1998 film Meet the Deedles . For this recording , Cuomo was joined by Greg Brown ( member of Cake and Deathray ) , Matt Sharp ( formerly of Weezer , lead singer of The Rentals ) , Adam Orth of Shufflepuck and Yuval Gabay of Soul Coughing and Sulfur .   Weezer fans sometimes erroneously apply the Homie moniker to a very different Cuomo-led group of Boston-area musicians that played several shows while Rivers took time off from Harvard . This group was not Homie , but were played under the guise of Rivers Cuomo solo shows and the material played at these shows were songs Rivers had written for the third Weezer album at the time . This Band included members of other local bands such as Chevy Heston , Heretix , and The Shods . This band is often referred to by fans as `` The Rivers Cuomo Band '' , although this was never a name used by the band .   The `` Rivers Cuomo Band '' formed in 1997 and began playing in October of that year they were a way for Cuomo to release solo music and play small clubs . For the first show the lineup of the band consisted of Rivers Cuomo , Kevin Stevenson , Mikey Welsh , and Zeph Courtney . After Stevenson complained of being unable to work with the current lineup , Welsh and Courtney were replaced with Fred Eltringham and Drew Parsons . This was the lineup for the second show in late October . By the third show Cuomo had come up with a fully developed solo project he called Homie . Further shows were billed as Homie and the material played at Homie shows were exclusive to the Homie project and are assumed to have been intended for the Homie album which was worked on in 1997 and 1998 .   The song `` Wanda ( You 're My Only Love ) '' , although originally written as a Weezer song for the movie Angus , is considered to be a Homie song since it was played during the Homie shows . The song `` Wanda ( You 're My Only Love ) '' was released on Alone - The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo , . The song `` I 'll Think About You '' was released on Alone II : The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo .   According to Cuomo 's blog , master tapes of recording sessions made during the Homie-era exist , but are largely unfinished , having only drum tracks laid down . Bootlegs of their live shows have been available online since 1997 and played a small role in Weezer 's resurgence following their second album , Pinkerton .   On February 20 , 2009 , a fan-made tribute was distributed by two members of a Weezer fan community , Jack Mergist ( The Lifetaker ) and Ryan Rowland ( runnersdialzero ) . The tribute features an album worth of high-quality recordings of interpretations of Homie and Rivers Cuomo solo songs from this era .

neg: El monstruo (audience) El Monstruo ( ` The Monster ' ) is the popular designation that 's given in Chile to the audience attending to the Viña del Mar International Song Festival . The name is due to great authority that perform the audience in each day of the event . From pressing to lengthen presentations favorite artists to interruptions with catcalls to singers and comedians who are not like , booing to prevent complete their show and force them to withdraw from the stage . In that case , in Chile it is said that `` El Monstruo ate the artist '' .   The audience at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival is the only one in the world that has received a special name . This creates an expectation in people attending the show , waiting for the slightest opportunity to show their intolerance . Most artists booed by El Monstruo have been comedians , both for its lack of grace as the misfortune to get on the right stage between performances of singers or bands of renown .   He was remembered the occasion when El Monstruo asked the Gaviota de Plata ( Silver Seagull ) award for José Luis Rodríguez in 1988 ; the refusal of the mayor of Viña del Mar , Eugenia Garrido , who in the 1980s was who corroborated the awards , the singer said `` Sometimes the people 's voice must be heard '' , a phrase which some had a political background in relation to the military regime then ruling the country ; the artist has said his sentence was not thought out or had a direct political intention . Rodriguez has indicated that feel that in that case it was a `` tool for greater spiritual ideal . ''   Sometimes , however , the public is manifested catcalls to protest the presenters of the event . This happened in the 2007 , when the animators , Tonka Tomicic and Sergio Lagos , dismissed the artist Ana Torroja to the general public discontent , he wanted her to continue singing . Boo to Lagos and Tomicic lasted nearly an hour . The same happened in 2009 when El Monstruo was in favor of Simply Red , booing for an hour for the group to return , and incidentally interrupting the Folk Competition , the singer Paolo Meneguzzi , a humorous routine performed by the trio Manpoval until partially calmed their minds with the presentation of Rakim and Ken-Y .

neg: The Laziest Men on Mars The Laziest Men on Mars is an American techno band known for their successful gabber song `` Invasion of the Gabber Robots '' which remixed some of the Zero Wing video game music by Tatsuya Uemura , which became background music to the popular `` All your base are belong to us '' Flash animation . Their song `` Invasion of the Gabber Robots '' was featured prominently on Mp3.com . Their name is taken from a line the Season 3 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 riffing on the B-movie Santa Claus Conquers The Martians , which the band samples in several of their songs ( `` Droppo , you are the laziest man on mars '' ) . The identity of only one of the group 's members has been discovered - DJ Jeffrey Jay Roberts of Kansas City , Missouri , who created the track `` Invasion of the Gabber Robots '' in late 2000 . The remaining members ' identities remain unknown .

neg: Gorilla Preacher Cartel Gorilla Preacher Cartel is the forty-fourth album by Omar Rodríguez-López as a solo artist , released on March 24 , 2017 . It is the nineteenth release in the album series initiated by Ipecac Recordings , the seventh of the 2017 series .   Original release schedule listed a different title , Scrapyard Handshakes . It 's unknown whether this title was meant for this album , or a different release altogether . The record serves as a sort of compilation gathering vastly different types of recordings and songs / `` scraps '' from various times throughout the 2000s in the vein of 2016 's Some Need It Lonely , although this record has a much greater emphasis on instrumental tracks , even featuring lengthy guitar solos on most songs .   `` Buying Friendships '' was uploaded in advance as the album 's single . It features recorded tracks from two former Mars Volta drummers , Jon Theodore & Deantoni Parks , fused together as an entirely new song with Omar adding a vocal track . Parts of the 2008 records Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fungus & Minor Cuts and Scrapes in the Bushes Ahead are revisited here from their 2001 sessions prior to the formation of The Mars Volta featured on the first track .

neg: Ho-Ag Ho-Ag is an experimental `` noise rock '' band based in Boston , Massachusetts . Known for melding the creaky musical worlds of 50s and 60s sci-fi films , Waitsian dissonant underworld , and fast-paced math-punk , Ho-Ag has adapted through several line-up changes , guest collaborations , experimental one-off shows , and infrequent Devo cover sets to evolve into a consistently unpredictable band that has earned them comparisons to acts like Six Finger Satellite , The Dismemberment Plan , Brainiac and The Melvins .

neg: Mars (2004 film) Mars is a 2004 Russian film , directed and written by Anna Melikian . Set in a small Russian city of Mars , the film tells the story of a professional boxer who has run away from his life to a small Russian town on the coast of the Black Sea .   The story contains elements of surrealism and magical realism . The town 's main industry is the manufacture of plush toys , which function as a local currency . The boxer is color blind ; his color blindness is portrayed , for example , by a profusion of blue apples .   The city of Mars was formerly called Marks : Марс as opposed to Маркс , the name change being effected by removing one letter from the roof of the railway station .

neg: Frances the Mute Frances the Mute is the second studio album by American progressive rock band The Mars Volta released in February 2005 on Gold Standard Laboratories and Universal . Produced by guitarist and songwriter Omar Rodriguez-Lopez , the album incorporates dub , ambient , Latin and jazz influences , and is the first to feature bassist Juan Alderete and percussionist Marcel Rodriguez-Lopez . The album also includes contributions from future saxophonist Adrián Terrazas-González , who joined the band during its subsequent tour .   Frances the Mute sold 123,000 copies in its opening week and has sold 465,000 copies as of September 2006 . The album made multiple `` Best of '' lists at the end of 2005 . In the Q & Mojo Classic Special Edition Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock , the album came # 18 in its list of `` 40 Cosmic Rock Albums '' and the album was named as one of Classic Rock 's 10 essential progressive rock albums of the decade .

neg: Mötley Crüe Mötley Crüe was an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles , California on January 17 , 1981 . The group was founded by bass guitarist Nikki Sixx and drummer Tommy Lee , lead singer Vince Neil and lead guitarist Mick Mars . Mötley Crüe has sold more than 100 million records worldwide making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time .   The members of the band have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the persona they maintained . Following its hard rock and heavy metal origins , with the third album Theatre of Pain ( 1985 ) the band joined the first wave of glam metal . Their final studio album , Saints of Los Angeles , was released on June 24 , 2008 . Their final show took place on New Year 's Eve , December 31 , 2015 , and was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016 .

neg: Fun Lovin' Criminals Fun Lovin ' Criminals are a band from New York City . Their musical style is eclectic , covering styles such as hip hop , rock , blues , jazz , R&B , punk , and funk . They are best known for their hit `` Scooby Snacks '' , which features samples from films by Quentin Tarantino , and the song `` Love Unlimited '' , which recalls Barry White 's backing vocal group . Their songs often focus on life in New York City , as well as urban life in general . Their lyrics can be gritty or existentialist in nature , touching on topics such as organized crime and urban violence , but they are just as often humorous or satirical . The band gained a large following internationally , notably in north-west Europe , around the release of their first two albums in the late 1990s .

neg: Military Auxiliary Radio System The Military Auxiliary Radio System ( MARS ) is a United States Department of Defense sponsored program , established as a separately managed and operated program by the United States Army , and the United States Air Force . The United States Navy-Marine program has been closed . The program is a civilian auxiliary consisting primarily of licensed amateur radio operators who are interested in assisting the military with communications on a local , national , and international basis as an adjunct to normal communications . The MARS programs also include active duty , reserve , and National Guard units ; Navy , Marine Corps , and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ships , and Coast Guard cutters and shore stations .   MARS has a long history of providing worldwide auxiliary emergency communications during times of need . The combined two-service MARS programs ( Army , and Air Force ) , volunteer force of over 3,000 dedicated and skilled amateur radio operators provide the backbone of the MARS program . The main benefit of MARS membership is enjoying the amateur radio hobby through an ever-expanding horizon of MARS service to the nation . MARS members work by the slogan `` Proudly Serving Those Who Serve '' .

neg: Anthony Gallo Anthony Gallo ( born April 10 , 1965 in Los Angeles ) is an American lead and rhythm guitarist who started at age 16 in the early 1980s punk scene . Gallo later progressed into heavy metal and rock as well as T.V. and Film . With a career spanning over 30 years Gallo played and recorded with New Regime , Los Cycos , Nick Menza ( Megadeth ) , Mike Muir , Suicidal Tendencies/Los Cycos , SIN 34 , Jon Nelson , Louiche Mayorga , Louis `` Loud Lou '' Hinzo ( Würm ) , D.H. Peligro ( Dead Kennedys ) , Tiny Bubz ( T.S.O.L. ) , Phil Campbell ( Motörhead ) , heavy metal act Cold Shot , guitarist Carlos Cavazo ( Ratt , Quiet Riot ) , James Bradley Jr. ( Crazy Town ) , Scott Weiland ( STP / Velvet Revolver ) , guitarist Christian Nesmith and Bullet Boys vocalist Marq Torien , and has appeared on Sons of Anarchy in Seasons 5 and 6 as a hang around , and Season 7 , the final Ride episode 9 , as an S.O.A. Indian Hills , Nevada charter member .

neg: The Chesterfields The Chesterfields were an English indie pop band from Yeovil in Somerset . Hardcore fans tended to refer to them as `` The Chesterf!elds '' , with an exclamation mark replacing the `` i '' , following the example of the band 's logo .   The band was formed in summer 1984 by Dave Goldsworthy ( vocals , guitar ) , Simon Barber ( bass , vocals ) , and Dominic Manns ( drums ) , joined in 1985 by Brendan Holden ( guitar ) . Early recordings included contributions to the Golden Pathway tapes , that captured the West Country music scene of the time , such as `` Stephanie Adores '' and `` The Boy Who Sold His Suitcase '' , the latter with a female lead singer , Sarah .   The first vinyl release was as one half of a flexi disc ; `` Nose out of Joint '' shared a single side with The Shop Assistants ' `` Home Again '' , and was given away free with copies of London 's Legend fanzine and future Subway Organisation boss , Martin Whitehead 's own Bristol fanzine .   They signed to The Subway Organization , releasing three well-received singles , before Holden was replaced by Rodney Allen . The debut LP Kettle was released in July 1987 , with a compilation of the early singles , Westward Ho ! issued later the same year . Allen left to join The Blue Aeroplanes , to be replaced temporarily by Andy Strickland of The Loft/The Caretaker Race , before a more permanent replacement was found in the form of Simon Barber 's brother Mark .   The band then moved to their own Household label , issuing two more singles and a third album , Crocodile Tears . Manns left and was replaced by future PJ Harvey drummer Rob Ellis but when Goldsworthy departed in late 1988 the band effectively split . The Barber brothers continued as The Chesterfields for a final single , `` Fool Is The Man '' in 1989 .   The band split for good in the summer of 1989 , Simon Barber forming Basinger , and Mark Barber joined Grape . Goldsworthy fronted several more bands , including Furnt , Diceman and Mujer 21 ( Band ) . The Chesterfields reformed briefly in the 1990s to tour Japan after their material was re-issued there . Dave Goldsworthy ( Davy Chesterfield ) was killed by a hit & run driver in Oxford , UK , on 9 November 2004 .   The band 's continuing fanbase saw much of their back-catalogue re-issued by Vinyl Japan in the 1990s .   In June 2014 to celebrate the legendary NME C86 tape , Design ( fronted by Barber ) along with Andy Strickland of The Loft/The Caretaker Race played a set of songs by The Chesterfields at the 92 Club in London . Following the success of The Chesterfields set at the NME C86 gig , Design continued to play classic Chesterfields songs such as ` Johnny Dee ' , ` Lunchtime for the Wild Youth ' and ` Last Train to Yeovil ' throughout 2014 & 2015 .   In 2016 , The Chesterfields with their new line up of Simon Barber , Andy Strickland , Helen Stickland and Rob Parry played Exeter 's Cavern Club and The 100 Club in London , with further gigs announced including a return to Yeovil with The Haywains . The Chesterfields have been announced as playing the NYC Popfest in New York , from 19 -- 22 May 2016 to coincide with a new EP release , the title of which is still to be confirmed at this time .

neg: Water on Mars (band) Water on Mars is a psychedelic rock and electronic music group from Quebec City , Québec , Canada . The music trio is led by Philippe Navarro , guitarist , vocalist , arranger , producer , principal lyricist , and music composer .   The founding members of the band , to which have been added many collaborators , are :  Sylvain Harvey , drums  Benoit L'Allier , bass  Philippe Navarro , guitars , vocals

neg: The Mummies The Mummies were an American garage punk band formed in San Bruno , California , in 1988 . Exhibiting a defiantly raw and lo-fi sound , dubbed `` budget rock '' , the Mummies ' rebellious attitude and distinctive performance costumes exerted a major influence on garage punk and garage rock revival acts later in the decade , as well as in the 1990s . Their recorded output was intentionally completed with poor , cheap equipment , including their first and only studio album Never Been Caught , which was released after the group 's initial break-up . Since then , the Mummies have engaged in several positively-received reunion concerts and tours .

neg: Mushroom (song) `` Mushroom '' is a song by the krautrock band Can , on their 1971 album Tago Mago . The track lasts for 4 minutes and 8 seconds , which is relatively short by Can 's standards . A video was made for the track which has been shown on MTV .   On Can vocalist Damo Suzuki 's 1998 solo album V.E.R.N.I.S.S.A.G.E , a new version of this song is performed along with `` Halleluhwah '' , another song originally from Tago Mago . His band at the time featured Can 's Jaki Liebezeit on drums .   The Serbian and former Yugoslav space rock band Igra Staklenih Perli covered the song on their eponymous debut album in 1979 .   The song was covered by the band The Jesus and Mary Chain and is featured on the CD version of Barbed Wire Kisses .   The Flaming Lips ' song `` Take Meta Mars '' from In a Priest Driven Ambulance is closely modeled on `` Mushroom '' .   Category :1971 songs  Category : Psychedelic songs  Category : Can ( band ) songs

neg: Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics .   Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity .   The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .

neg: Boots Riley Raymond Lawrence `` Boots '' Riley ( born 1971 ) , better known by his stage name Boots Riley , is an American rapper and producer best known as the lead vocalist of The Coup and Street Sweeper Social Club . Riley is known for his energetic , charismatic , `` punk '' - like presence on-stage , combined with dancing   Most of his works , although often about a personal experience ( love , sex , broken-down cars , getting drunk , etc. ) , are tied to a radical class analysis of the current system and or situation . Some of his songs call for the overthrow of the ruling class by the working class .

neg: Gogol Bordello Gogol Bordello is an American Gypsy punk band from the Lower East Side of Manhattan , formed in 1999 and known for theatrical stage shows and persistent touring . Much of the band 's sound is inspired by Gypsy music mixed with punk and dub . The band incorporates accordion and violin ( and on some albums , saxophone ) .   The band has appeared in a number of popular films , most notably in 2005 's Everything Is Illuminated in which the lead singer , Eugene Hütz , co-starred with Elijah Wood in a dramedy and adventure story about the Nazi purges in Ukraine . The entire group was present for one shot in which they played a brass band in a set that included the Star Spangled Banner . They also played the traditional Yiddish tune `` Bublitschki '' . Gogol Bordello contributed the song `` Start Wearing Purple '' to the film 's score . The band also has their own documentary called Gogol Bordello Non-Stop . This documentary was filmed in 2008 and follows the band 's progress . In 2012 , the band recorded a song titled Let 's Get Crazy for Coca-Cola 's Euro 2012 advertising campaign .

neg: The Jerks The Jerks is a rock band from the Philippines , formed in 1979 and is perhaps the original alternative rock and blues band in the Philippines . The band has undergone a lot of member changes and notably a lot of the previous members of the band are now certified icons themselves in the music scene . Members like Chickoy Pura , Nitoy Adriano , Jun Lupito , Angelo Villegas , and others have carved names in their respective niches . Other performers who have played with the Jerks is former Put3ska drummer Brutus Lacano as a session musician , and drummer Benjie Santos .   Despite having been formed in 1979 , they only released their debut record in 1994 entitled The Jerks Live , released under Gary Granada 's Backdoor Records . It was recorded live at the legendary Mayric 's bar and showcases the raw , passionate musicality of the band never before put into record . The Jerks also released a self-titled album in the late '90s .   By 1997 , Star Records managed to convince the band to record a major label album called Haligi Ng Maynila , produced by ABS-CBN 's Gabby Lopez , which gave the band the opportunity to reach a wider audience . This paved the way to the band winning the 1998 NU Rock Award for Best Album and the 1998 Katha Award for Best Rock Song , `` Reklamo ng Reklamo '' .   The Jerks still perform regularly around Manila in bars like My Brother 's Mustache Folk Bar near Timog Avenue , The 70s Bistro , Tiendesitas and Route 196 along Katipunan Extension .

neg: Il Nuovissimo Mondo Il Nuovissimo Mondo ( rough translation : The brand new world ) is the second studio album by the Italian one man band Bologna Violenta of Nicola Manzan , released in 2010 by Bar La Muerte Records .   The album is inspired by the `` mondo-movies '' such as the cult-documentary of the 60s Mondo Cane by Paolo Cavara , and is full of quotations ( expressed through the dialogue ) that refer to the cynical atmosphere of these `` mondo-movies , '' while there are also parts ( Blue Song ) , which makes reference to melody .   There are no real songs , but short compositions alternating moments with heavy distorted guitar riffs and spoken parts which talk about the cynicism and violence of modern man -- massacres of children , violence against women , politicians ' abuses -- while remaining far from political or religious ideologies .   After the release of Il Nuovissimo Mondo , Bologna Violenta went on a two-year tour which included one hundred and thirty dates , not only in Italy but also abroad .   The cover art shows a typical Italian version of an obituary , in which is depicted Nicola Manzan himself .


query: James and the Giant Peach includes Jane Leeves.

pos: James and the Giant Peach (film) James and the Giant Peach is a 1996 British-American musical fantasy film directed by Henry Selick , based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Roald Dahl . It was produced by Tim Burton and Denise Di Novi , directed by Henry Selick , and starred Paul Terry as James . The film is a combination of live action and stop-motion animation . Co-stars Joanna Lumley and Miriam Margolyes played James 's aunts in the live-action segments , and Simon Callow , Richard Dreyfuss , Susan Sarandon , Jane Leeves , David Thewlis , and Margoyles voiced his insect friends in the animation sequences .

neg: Laurie Lea Schaefer Laurel Lea Schaefer ( born May 21,1949 in Bexley , Ohio , U.S. ) was Miss America 1972 . A native of Bexley , Ohio , Schaefer received a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree from Ohio University in June 1971 . Three months later she won the Miss America Pageant .   After Miss America , Laurel effectively parlayed her theatre arts and music degree into an extensive and varied entertainment career . Her training afforded her opportunities as a leading lady to notables such as : Howard Keel , John Davidson , Peter Marshall , Ed Ames , Joe Namath , Giorgio Tozzi , and Gorden MacRae . This reflect such productions as ; `` The Music Man '' , `` The Sound of Music '' , `` Camelot '' , `` South Pacific '' , `` Showboat '' , `` My Fair Lady '' , `` Oklahoma '' , `` Hello Dolly '' , `` Carousel '' , `` The King and I '' , `` Guys and Dolls '' , `` Anything Goes '' , `` Under the Yum-Yum Tree '' , `` Star-Spangled Girl '' , and `` Plaza Suite '' .   Laurel 's television work includes a recurring role on `` Falcon Crest '' and guest starring roles on `` Matlock '' , `` L.A. Law '' , `` Quantum Leap '' , `` Love Boat '' , `` Three 's Company '' , `` Rockford Files '' . She is often recognized for her work in TV commercials and for a short time , she represented Campbell 's soup .   Laurel 's vocal career saw her performing the National Anthem at the Inaugural Concert for President Richard M. Nixon , headlining the Miss America USO Tour to Viet Nam and Thailand , entertaining on cruises with a one-woman show and touring `` Capturing the Heart of Gershwin '' Anniversary Concert where she received critical acclaim for vocal solos ranging from swing to blues to light opera .   For twenty-five years Laurel has worked as a commercial casting director and is owner of Creative Casting Services and is also a well-respected nationwide talent scout . In 1974 Laurel established Schaefer Consultants where she serves as a personal imaging and entertainment career consultant . Laurel is a published author and is highly sought after as a keynote speaker , corporate spokesperson , and infomercial host and media presenter .   Miss Schaefer is the recipient of many awards including The American Academy of Achievement - Gold Plate Award , Outstanding Alumni Award ( Ohio University ) , Tom Dooley Humanitarian Award , New Jersey and Ohio `` Woman of the Year '' Award , Ohio Governor 's Award , Bexley Alumni Association-Significant Achievement Award , President 's Award for Leadership from Zonta International and a listing in Who 's Who .

neg: James Byng James Byng ( born 1985 ) is an English actor and vocalist . Acting since the age of ten , James made his West End debut in the title role of Oliver ! at the London Palladium . He played the same role in the national tour of Oliver ! and at the Royal Charity Gala Hey ! Mr. Producer , honoring theatrical producer Cameron Mackintosh at the Lyceum Theatre on 8 June 1998 . Byng also played Gavroche in Les Misérables at the Palace Theatre . From 2007 to 2008 he was seen on stage at the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane , first playing various ensemble roles and then taking over the part of Frodo Baggins in Matthew Warchus ' theatrical adaption of The Lord of the Rings . In 2008-09 Byng appeared in the role of John Darling in the musical Peter Pan at the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds . He just finished a tour with the West Yorkshire Playhouse production of The History Boys by Alan Bennet , in which he played Posner . From September until November 2010 Byng was on tour with a production of Carrie 's War in the role of Nick Willow . After performing in Secret Cinema - Back to the Future he can currently be seen in The Grimm Tales at The Bargehouse at Oxo Tower Wharf .   Byng 's television and film work includes the role of George Hawthorne in the 2002 television adaptation of Goodbye Mr. Chips , starring Martin Clunes which aired both in Great Britain and in the United States . In this made-for-television film he appeared as James Malcolm . He also played wayward American Montague Bear in the independent film Rupert Brockstein 's Blood Red Letters .   James has also been seen and heard as host and resident jazz vocalist at the Starlight Theatre , Manchester , and the Grove Inn Jazz Club in Leeds .

neg: Sheree Jeacocke Sheree Jeacocke ( born 1958 , Toronto , Ontario ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter .   During the early 1980s Jeacocke starred in the CBC-TV musical The King Of Friday Night and worked as a backup singer for Gordon Lightfoot , Rita MacNeil , Glass Tiger and Kim Mitchell . In 1985 Jeacocke released her first single `` You Get To Me '' . In 1986 she released her first album Feel It and was nominated for `` Most Promising Female Vocalist of the Year '' at the 17th annual Juno Awards , in Canada . Much of her financial success in music was in singing jingles for many 1980s Canadian broadcast advertisements .   She signed a contract with BMG in 1989 and released her second album Sheree . The first single , `` Woman 's Work '' became her biggest hit as a lead vocalist , hitting the Canadian Top 10 in February 1990 . The song was later remade by Tina Arena , among others . In 1990 , Sheree participated in the Best Guy movie soundtrack , released in Japan , on which she sings `` Best Guy '' , `` Woman 's Work '' , `` Bang On '' and `` Where Do We Go From Here ? '' . In 1993 , she released her third and last album , Miss My Love , whose singles were the title track and `` Serious '' .   After her contract with BMG ended , she independently released the EP Jeacocke in 1995 , which included a remake of `` Woman 's Work '' and a remake of the Jean Knight hit `` Mr. Big Stuff '' . The dance remixes of `` Mr. Big Stuff '' became a hit in the clubs , which led to her collaboration on various dance singles . In the mid-1990s , using the pseudonym J-Cock , and with the act Pleasure Beat , she released eurodance remakes of Robin Beck 's `` First Time '' and Alanis Morissette 's `` Hand In My Pocket '' , as well as a solo remake of Stevie Wonder 's `` Sunshine Of My Life '' and Queen 's `` We Will Rock You '' ( as Deeva ) . After a few more dance releases she left the recording industry for the most part .   Today , she is known as Sheree Cerqua , a Toronto real estate agent like her husband Larry Cerqua .

neg: Gone to Earth (Barclay James Harvest album) Gone to Earth is an album by the English rock group Barclay James Harvest released in 1977 . It reached # 30 in the UK charts , but in Germany it peaked at # 10 and stayed for 197 weeks in the German album charts . As of 2011 it is ranked # 6 on the list of longest running albums in the German album charts . Only the My Fair Lady soundtrack and albums by Simon & Garfunkel ( Greatest Hits ) , The Beatles ( 1962 -- 1966 ) , Pink Floyd ( Wish You Were Here ) and Andrea Berg ( Best Of ) spent more weeks in the charts . It was the band 's largest selling album , eventually selling more than a million copies worldwide .   Hymn ( often misinterpreted as Christmas song but actually a song against the dangers of drug use and dedicated to musicians like Jimi Hendrix , Paul Kossoff and Janis Joplin ) was a successful turntable hit at German radio stations in the late 1970s .   `` Poor Man 's Moody Blues '' was written after a journalist angered the band by referring to Barclay James Harvest as a `` poor man 's Moody Blues '' . Shortly after , guitarist John Lees wrote a song that reminded him of the Moody Blues song `` Nights in White Satin '' , and decided to use the journalist 's phrase as the song title .   Other songs on the album deal with subjects like ended relationships ( `` Friend of Mine '' ) , alienation ( `` Leper 's Song '' ) the exploitation of animals for their fur ( `` Spirit on the Water '' ) and the space race ( `` Sea of Tranquility '' ) .   The original LP version of this album , designed by Maldwyn Tootill , featured die-cut outer cover and full-color inner album sleeve . On one side of the inner sleeve was an owl ( as shown in the picture ) ; on the other side was a picture of a sunset . The inner sleeve could be reversed so that either side would be displayed through the die cut .   The album 's title , Gone to Earth , refers to the fox hunter 's cry used to indicate that the quarry has returned to its lair .

neg: Jane Blonde Jane Blonde is the eponymous heroine of the Jane Blonde series of young adult novels by Jill Marshall . Jane Blonde is a James Bondesque spy , who is sent on missions and equipped with ( often disguised ) gadgets . Reviewers have praised Marshall 's action sequences and pacing , but several have also expressed confusion stemming from the number of characters , many of whom assume multiple names , and some of the plot twists .   Jane Blonde has been identified as both a parody of the James Bond books/films and a girl power instance of the spy adventure genre epitomized by the James Bond franchise ( rather than a parody proper ) .   On May 11 , 2010 Jill Marshall announced that Sensational Spylet , the first book in the series , had been optioned by Bridge to Terabithia co-producer Tim Coddington , though it is unclear how Marshall 's current legal trouble has affected the possibility of a film adaptation .

neg: Michele Lee Michele Lee ( born June 24 , 1942 ) is an American actress , singer , dancer , producer , and director . She is known for her role as Karen Cooper Fairgate MacKenzie on the 1980s prime-time soap opera Knots Landing ( 1979 -- 93 ) , for which she was nominated for a 1982 Emmy Award and won the Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Actress in 1988 , 1991 and 1992 . She was the only performer to appear in all 344 episodes of the show .   Lee began her career on Broadway in Vintage 60 ( 1960 ) and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying ( 1961 ) . She made her movie debut in the film version of the latter in 1967 . Her other film appearances include the Disney film The Love Bug ( 1968 ) , The Comic ( 1969 ) and Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1974 for Seesaw , and for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play in 2001 for The Tale of the Allergist 's Wife . She also played the title role in the 1998 TV film Scandalous Me : The Jacqueline Susann Story , and Madame Morrible in the Broadway musical Wicked in 2015 .

neg: Jane's Walk Jane 's Walk is a series of neighbourhood walking tours . Named after urban activist and writer Jane Jacobs , Jane 's Walks are held annually during the first weekend in May to coincide with her birthday .   Jane 's Walks are led by volunteers , and are offered for free . The walks are led by anyone who has an interest in the neighbourhoods where they live , work or socialise . They are not always about architecture and heritage , and offer a more personal take on the local culture , the social history and the planning issues faced by the residents .   Since its inception in 2007 , Jane 's Walk has happened in cities across North America and around the world . In 2014 , over 40,000 people took part in a Jane 's Walk led by volunteers in 134 cities across 6 continents .

neg: PEACH PEACH ( born Patricia Elaine Reasoner ; June 1 , 1951 ) is an American blues and jazz artist -- singer , songwriter , and guitarist , and producer . She currently resides in Venice , California U.S.A.

neg: Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) .   In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s .   Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .

neg: Jennifer James Jennifer James ( born Jennifer Marie Reynolds ; 3 December 1977 ) is an English actress born in Billinge Higher End , Wigan in Greater Manchester . She played the role of Geena Gregory in Coronation Street .

neg: Grandma Lee Lee Strong ( born May 29 , 1934 ) , better known by her stage name Grandma Lee , is an American stand-up comedian and was a contestant on the fourth season of America 's Got Talent .

neg: The Return of Jezebel James The Return of Jezebel James is an American sitcom television series , starring Parker Posey as a successful children 's book editor who , unable to have children herself , asks her estranged younger sister ( Lauren Ambrose ) to carry her baby . The series was created by Amy Sherman-Palladino of Gilmore Girls fame , who also directed the pilot , and executive produced the show with her husband , Daniel Palladino . The show was produced by Regency Television and Dorothy Parker Drank Here Productions .   The show premiered on the Fox television network on March 14 , 2008 as a mid-season replacement . After airing only three episodes , it was cancelled due to what Fox called unacceptably low ratings .   The remaining four unaired episodes were released on Apple iTunes on May 6 , 2008 .

neg: The Giant Jam Sandwich The Giant Jam Sandwich is a children 's picture book , with story and pictures by John Vernon Lord and verses by Janet Burroway . The rhyming story tells how the fictional town of Itching Down was invaded by four million wasps . The villagers decide to build a gigantic jam sandwich to trap the pesky insects .   A narrated orchestral work on the book was written in 2008 by composer Philip Wharton . Janet Burroway was at its premier and has since been the narrator at other performances .

neg: Alternative versions of Mary Jane Watson Mary Jane Watson , often shortened to MJ , is a fiction supporting character originally appearing in Marvel comic book as the best friend , love interest , and wife ( as Mary Jane Watson-Parker ) of Peter Parker , the alter ego of Spider-Man . She was created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Romita , Sr. . She has appeared in multiple spin-offs , alternative realities , and dramatizations of the Spider-Man titles .

neg: Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings .   The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . ''   Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy .   Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . ''   The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque .   Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories .   The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''

neg: Ione Skye Ione Skye Lee ( -LSB- aɪˈoʊni -RSB- née Ione Skye Leitch , September 4 , 1970 ) is a British-American actress who starred the 1989 movie Say Anything ... . In 2006 , VH1 placed her at number 84 on its `` 100 Greatest Teen Stars '' list .

neg: Jane Prowse Jane Prowse writes and directs theatre and television .   Her most recent play is A Round-Heeled Woman , the stage adaptation of Jane Juska 's book A Round-Heeled Woman : My Late-Life Adventures in Sex and Romance . The play starred multi-award winning actress Sharon Gless and opened in San Francisco in January 2010 ; a new production , with Prowse directing ran at the GableStage Theatre in Coral Gables , Florida , starting 30 December 2010 . The run was extended to 6 February 2011 . A London production took place from 18 October - 20 November at Riverside Studios , also starring Gless and directed by Prowse and transferred to the Aldwych Theatre , where it closed on 14 January 2012 .   Also for theatre , Prowse co-wrote and directed Up On The Roof , which received three Olivier Award nominations , including Best Musical . She also directed productions of the musical at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta and the Long Wharf Theatre in Connecticut . Prowse wrote and directed an adaptation of John Steinbeck 's The Pearl , which won her the Royal Shakespeare Company 's Buzz Goodbody ` Best Director ' Award . Other theatre includes Anthony Minghella 's A Little Like Drowning , The Amazing Dancing Bear and Overboard .   Prowse co-wrote the screenplay for Up On The Roof , which was subsequently made into a movie .   Recent television credits include working for Lynda La Plante , writing `` Ghost Train '' and `` Witness '' for Trial & Retribution , and `` Boxers '' for The Commander , which Prowse also directed . Other TV credits include Green-Eyed Monster , The Fugitives , Between the Sheets , Rocket Man , Head Over Heels , The Tenth Kingdom , Living It , Sunny 's Ears and The Greatest Store in the World .   Prowse 's first novel , Hattori Hachi : The Revenge of Praying Mantis , was published in 2009 . Her second , Hattori Hachi : Stalking the Enemy was published in June 2010 and the third in the series , Hattori Hachi : Curse of the Diamond Daggers , is due to be published early in 2012 .   In 2010 she wrote the script for the feature film Maya Fox , adapted from the books by Iginio Straffi and Silvia Brena .

neg: Évelyne Grandjean Évelyne Grandjean ( born 7 April 1939 in Versailles ) is a French stage , cinematic and television actress , playwright and television writer , and radio host .   She has been also a prolific voice actress for many French-dubbed versions of foreign films and TV series , including 101 Dalmatians : The Series ( as Spot , Princess and Nanny ) , Alfred J. Kwak ( as Kwak ) , The Animals of Farthing Wood ( as Adder the Snake ) , Around the World in Eighty Dreams ( as Grandma Tadpole ) , Babar ( as Celeste ) , A Bug 's Life ( as Dr. Flora ) , The Cat Returns ( as Natoru ) , Chicken Run ( as Bunty ) , Cinderella II : Dreams Come True ( as Fairy Godmother ) , Cutey Honey ( as Sister Jill ) , Dr. Slump ( as Arale Norimaki ) , Elvira , Mistress of the Dark ( as Elvira ) , The Flintstones ( as Wilma Flintstone ) , Grey 's Anatomy ( as Ellis Grey ) , Ice Age : Continental Drift ( as Granny ) , James and the Giant Peach ( as Sponge and Ladybug ) , The Jetsons ( as Jane and Rosie ) , Maple Town ( as Patty Rabbit ) , Monsters , Inc. ( as Ms. Flint ) , Muppet Treasure Island ( as Mrs. Bluberidge ) , Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders ( as Lady Kale ) , and Princess Knight ( as Heckett the witch ) .

neg: Jane Scott (theatre manager) Jane M. Scott ( 1779 -- 1839 ) was a British theatre manager , performer , and playwright .   With her father , John Scott ( 1752 -- 1838 ) , Jane developed the Sans Pareil Theatre ( later named the Adelphi ) , where they offered music and light shows . They gathered a theatrical company and by 1809 the theatre was licensed for musical entertainments , pantomime , and burletta .   Scott wrote more than fifty stage pieces in an array of genres : melodramas , pantomimes , farces , comic operettas , historical dramas , and adaptations , as well as translations .   The Sans Pareil was significant in the move towards `` free '' theatre and away from the monopolies that dominated licensed theatre at the time . Jacky Bratton credits Scott 's role in London theatre : `` She had her finger on the pulse of a new world of entertainment for all , and her management of the theatre she created is important for its responsive and intelligent reading of the new audiences and the provision of exciting work for them to enjoy . ''   Scott retired in 1819 and married John Davies Middleton ( 1790 -- 1867 ) . She lived in Surrey until her death , in 1839 , aged 59 or 60 , from breast cancer .

neg: Robinne Lee Robinne Lee ( born July 16 , 1974 ) is an American actress and author . She made her screen debut in the 1997 independent film Hav Plenty , and later has appeared in films National Security ( 2003 ) , Deliver Us from Eva ( 2003 ) , Hitch ( 2005 ) , Seven Pounds ( 2008 ) , Fifty Shades Darker ( 2017 ) , and the upcoming Fifty Shades Freed . Her first novel will be released by St Martin 's Press in June 2017 .