query: Some Assyrian people speak Central Neo-Aramaic.

pos: Assyrian people Assyrian people , or Syriacs ( see names of Syriac Christians ) , are an ethnic group indigenous to the Middle East . Some of them self-identify as Chaldeans , or as Arameans . They speak modern Aramaic , whose subdivisions include Northeastern , Central , and Western Neo-Aramaic , as well as another language , dependent on the country of residence . The Assyrians are typically Syriac-speaking Christians who claim descent from Assyria , one of the oldest civilizations in the world , dating back to 2500 BC in ancient Mesopotamia .   The areas that form the Assyrian homeland are parts of present-day northern Iraq , southeastern Turkey , northwestern Iran and northeastern Syria . The majority have migrated to other regions of the world , including North America , the Levant , Australia , Europe , Russia and the Caucasus during the past century or so . Emigration was triggered by such events as the Assyrian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire during World War I , the Simele Massacre in Iraq in 1933 , the Iranian Revolution of 1979 , Arab Nationalist Ba'athist policies in Iraq and Syria such as the al-Anfal campaign of Saddam Hussein , and the rise of ISIS and its takeover of most of the Nineveh Plains .   Assyrians are predominantly Christian , mostly adhering to the East and West Syrian liturgical rites of Christianity . The churches that constitute the East Syrian rite include the Assyrian Church of the East , Ancient Church of the East , and Chaldean Catholic Church , whose followers mostly speak the Northeastern branch of East Aramaic . Whereas the churches of the West Syrian rite , the Syriac Orthodox Church and Syriac Catholic Church , mostly speak the Central and Western branches .   Most recently , the 2003 Iraq War and the Syrian Civil War which began in 2011 have displaced the regional Assyrian community , because its people have faced ethnic and religious persecution at the hands of Islamic extremists . Of the one million or more Iraqis reported by the United Nations to have fled Iraq since the occupation , nearly 40 % were Assyrians even though Assyrians comprised only around 3 % of the pre-war Iraqi demography . According to a 2013 report by a Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council official , it is estimated that only 300,000 Assyrians remain in Iraq . Due to the Syrian Civil War , however , many Iraqis , including Assyrians , have fled back into Iraq , specifically to northern Iraq and the part of the country controlled by the Iraqi government , with ISIS still in control of much of the Assyrian homeland .

neg: Assyrian Orthodox Church Assyrian Orthodox Church may refer to :  Assyrian Church of the East  Syriac Orthodox Church

neg: Nabataean language Nabataean language may refer to :  Nabataean Aramaic , a Western Aramaic variety that was the written language of the Nabataean kingdom  Nabataean Arabic , the dialect of Arabic spoken by the Nabataeans  Eastern Aramaic varieties that were referred to by the Muslim Arabs as `` Nabataean ''

neg: Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature .   Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts .   Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures .   Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .

neg: Samaritan Aramaic language Samaritan Aramaic , or Samaritan , is the dialect of Aramaic used by the Samaritans in their sacred and scholarly literature . This should not be confused with the Samaritan Hebrew language of the Scriptures . Samaritan Aramaic ceased to be a spoken language some time between the 10th and the 12th centuries .   In form it resembles the Aramaic of the Targumim , and is written in the Samaritan alphabet .   Important works written in Samaritan include the translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch in the form of the targum paraphrased version . There are also legal , exegetical and liturgical texts , though later works of the same kind were often written in Arabic .

neg: Hittite language Hittite ( natively '' -LSB- in the language -RSB- of Neša '' ) , also known as Nesite and Neshite , is the extinct language once spoken by the Hittites , an Indo-European-speaking people who created an empire centred on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia ( modern-day Turkey ) . The language is attested in cuneiform , in records dating from the 16th ( Anitta text ) to the 13th century BC , with isolated Hittite loanwords and numerous personal names appearing in an Old Assyrian context from as early as the 20th century BC .   By the Late Bronze Age , Hittite had started losing ground to its close relative Luwian . It appears that in the 13th century BC , Luwian was the most widely spoken language in the Hittite capital of Hattusa . After the collapse of the Hittite Empire as a part of the more general Late Bronze Age collapse , Luwian emerged in the Early Iron Age as the main language of the so-called Syro-Hittite states in southwestern Anatolia and northern Syria .   Hittite is the earliest-attested of the Indo-European languages and is the best-known of the Anatolian languages .

neg: Ashur Yousif Ashur ( birth name - Abraham ) Yusef ( Syriac : ܐܫܘܪ ܝܘܣܦ ܐܦܢܕܝ ) <span dir="ltr"> ( 1858 Harput , Ottoman Empire - June 23 , 1915 Diyarbekir , Ottoman Empire ) was a professor and an ethnic Assyrian intellectual prior to World War I and the Assyrian Genocide . He was Protestant , as was his wife - Arshaluys Oghkasian , daughter of an Armenian Protestant minister . He studied ( but did not graduate ) at the Central Turkey College in Antep , and later became professor of Classical Armenian language at the Euphrates College in Harput . In 1909 , Ashur started publishing a Turkish-language newspaper named Murshid Athuriyion ( `` the spiritual guide of the Assyrians '' ) . He also composed poems in Armenian and Turkish .   Ashur and his brother Donabed along with other Assyrian leaders from the town of Harput were arrested on April 19 , 1915 and were all later hanged . His children and grandchildren have written numerous books on him . On June 24 , 2006 , Ashur Yusef 's great-grandson Tigran Hovsepyan gave an emotional speech in the `` Assyrian Society of UK '' regarding the Assyrian Genocide and praised UK politicians Councillor Mike Elliot and Stephen Pound MP for their efforts on the issue .

neg: Syriac studies Syriac studies is the study of the Syriac language and Syriac Christianity . A specialist in Syriac studies is known as a Syriacist . Specifically , British , French , and German scholars of the 18th and 19th centuries who were involved in the study of Syriac/Aramaic language and literature were commonly known by this designation , at a time when the Syriac language was little understood outside Assyrian , Syriac Christian and Maronite Christian communities . In Germany the field of study is distinguished between Aramaistik ( Aramaic studies ) und Neuaramaistik ( Syriac studies ) .   At universities Syriac studies are mostly incorporated into a more general ' field of studies , such as Eastern Christianity at the School of Oriental and African Studies , London , Aramaic studies at the University of Oxford and University of Leiden , Eastern Christianity at Duke University , or Semitic Studies at the Freie Universität Berlin . Most students learn the Syriac language within a biblical studies program . Conferences for Syriac studies include the Symposium Syriacum , the Section `` Bible and Syriac Studies in Context '' at the International Meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature , and the Section `` Syriac Literature and Interpretations of Sacred Texts '' at the Annual Meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature . Syriac journals include the annual Oriens Christianus ( Wiesbaden ) and Syriac Studies Today '' .

neg: Caspians Caspians ( Κάσπιοι Kaspioi , Aramaic : kspy , კასპიელები kaspielebiʿ , կասպք kaspkʿ , کاسپیان Kāspiān ) is the English version of a Greek ethnonym mentioned twice by Herodotus among the satrapies of Darius and applied by Strabo to the ancient people dwelling along the southern and southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea , in the region which was called Caspiane after them . The name is not attested in Old Iranian .   The Caspians have generally been regarded as a pre-Indo-European people . They have been identified by Ernst Herzfeld with the Kassites , who spoke a language without an identified relationship to any other known language and whose origins have long been the subject of debate . However onomastic evidence bearing on this point has been discovered in Aramaic papyri from Egypt published by P. Grelot , in which several of the Caspian names that are mentioned -- and identified under the gentilic כספי kaspai -- are in part , etymologically Iranic . The Caspians of the Egyptian papyri must therefore be considered either an Iranic people or strongly under Iranic cultural influence .

neg: Syriac Syriac may refer to :   Syriac language , a dialect of Middle Aramaic  Syriac alphabet  Syriac Latin alphabet  Syriac ( Unicode block )  Neo-Aramaic languages also known as Syriac in most native vernaculars  Syriac Christianity , the churches using Syriac as their liturgical language  Assyrian people ( Syriacs )

neg: Ugaritic Ugaritic ( -LSB- ˌuːgəˈrɪtɪk , _ ˌjuː - -RSB- ) is a Northwest Semitic language discovered by French archaeologists in 1929 . It is known almost only in the form of writings found in the ruined city of Ugarit ( modern Ras Shamra , Syria ) . It has been used by scholars of the Hebrew Bible to clarify Biblical Hebrew texts and has revealed ways in which the cultures of ancient Israel and Judah found parallels in the neighboring cultures .   Ugaritic has been called `` the greatest literary discovery from antiquity since the deciphering of the Egyptian hieroglyphs and Mesopotamian cuneiform '' .

neg: British Assyrians British Assyrians , also known as Assyrian Brits , English Assyrians and Assyrians in the United Kingdom , are members of the Semitic , Eastern Aramaic speaking Assyrian ethnic group ( also known as Chaldo-Assyrians and some by the denominational term Chaldean Catholics ) born or residing in the United Kingdom , numbering approximately 8,000 persons . They are the indigenous Non-Arab , Pre-Arab and Pre-Islamic descendants of the ancient Mesopotamians , and the Assyrians , in particular ( see Assyrian continuity and Assyria ) .   Most have migrated from their ancient homelands in northern Iraq , north east Syria , south east Turkey and north west Iran .   Concentrations of Assyrians are found in Greenford and in Hanwell , both towns within the London Borough of Ealing . Assyrians mostly migrated from northern Iraq , southeast Turkey , northwest Iran and northeast Syria , an area encompassing the Assyrian homeland . Migration was largely triggered by long standing ethnic and religious persecution in their homelands .

neg: 7th century BC The 7th century BC began the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC .   The Assyrian Empire continued to dominate the Near East during this century , exercising formidable power over neighbors like Babylon and Egypt . In the last two decades of the century , however , the empire began to unravel as numerous enemies made alliances and waged war from all sides . The Assyrians finally left the world stage permanently when their capital Nineveh was destroyed in 612 BC . These events gave rise to the Neo-Babylonian Empire , which would dominate the region for much of the following century .

neg: Afro-Iraqi Afro-Iraqis are an ethnic group that is descended from people of Zanj heritage in Iraq . Most are found in the southern port city of Basra , with many speaking Arabic and adhering to Islam . There are more than 500,000 Afro-Iraqis .

neg: Syriac Christianity Syriac Christianity ( ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ / mšiḥāiūṯā suryāiṯā ) refers to Eastern Christian traditions that employs Syriac in their liturgical rites . The Syriac language is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that emerged in Edessa , Upper Mesopotamia , in the early 1st century AD , and is considered closely related to the Aramaic of Jesus . Tracing back their historical heritage to the 1st century , Syriac Christianity is today represented in the Middle East by the Maronite Church , Syriac Catholic Church , the Chaldean Catholic Church , the Syrian Orthodox Church , the Assyrian Church of the East , and the Ancient Church of the East , as well as by the Saint Thomas Christians of respective communions centered in Kerala , India .   Christianity began in the Middle East in Jerusalem among Jewish Aramaic-speaking Semitic peoples of the Kingdom of Judah ( modern Israel , Palestinian Territories and Jordan ) . It quickly spread , initially to other Semitic peoples , in Parthian-ruled Assyria and Mesopotamia ( modern Iraq ) , Roman-ruled Syria ( ancient Aramea ) , Phoenicia ( modern Lebanon ) , southern and eastern Asia Minor ( modern Turkey ) , and northwestern Persia ( modern Iran ) and Malta . From there it spread to Greece , Armenia , Egypt , Georgia , the Caucasus region and on into the Balkans , India , North Africa , Rome , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Nubia ( modern Sudan ) , Arabia , and eventually southern and western Europe .   Syriac Christianity is divided into two major liturgical rite traditions : the East Syrian Rite , historically centered in the equivalent of ancient Assyria/Upper Mesopotamia , and the West Syrian Rite , centered in Antioch in the Levant by the Mediterranean coast .   The East Syrian Rite tradition was historically associated with the Assyrian founded Church of the East , and it is currently employed by the Middle Eastern churches that descend from it : the Assyrian Church of the East , the Ancient Church of the East , and the Chaldean Catholic Church ( the members of such churches are Eastern Aramaic-speaking ethnic Assyrians ) as well as by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church of India .   The West Syrian Rite tradition historicaly associated with the Syriac Orthodox Church , and used by the Syriac Catholic Church , the Maronite Catholic Church as well as by the Malankara Churches in India , which follows the Saint Thomas Christian tradition . Adherents sometimes identify as Syriacs or Syrians .

neg: Armenian nationalism Armenian nationalism in the modern period has its roots in the romantic nationalism of Mikayel Chamchian ( 1738 -- 1823 ) and generally defined as the creation of a free , independent and united Armenia formulated as the Armenian Cause ( հայ դատ , -LSB- -LSB- hɑj dɑt -RSB- -RSB- or Hye Dat ) . Armenian national awakening developed in the 1880s in the context of the general rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire . The Russian Armenia followed with significant causes . The Armenian Apostolic Church has been a great defender of Armenian nationalism , with leaders like Khrimian Hayrik who devoted his life to the peasantry . The establishment of modern Armenia ( 1991 ) and Armenian social fabric becoming more complex gradually decrease the political influence of Hay Dat and shifted towards a modern Armenian nationalism modeled as a liberal nationalism . On the other hand , the Armenian diaspora have `` diaspora nationalism , '' which maintain that the threat of assimilation rather than economic advantage .

neg: Chaldean Syrian Church The Chaldean Syrian Church is an Indian Christian church which is currently an archbishopric of the Assyrian Church of the East . Its members are a part of the St. Thomas Christian community , who trace their origins to the evangelical activities of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century . They are almost exclusively based in the state of Kerala , with the church 's cathedral located in Thrissur . Despite carrying the `` Chaldean '' title in its name , the church is unrelated to the Chaldean Catholic Church of the Middle East , an Eastern Catholic church in communion with the Pope .   The Chaldean Syrian church is the modern day continuation of the East Syrian Rite Assyrian Church of the East in India , after the majority of its followers converted to Catholicism or West Syrian Rite Churches . However , when a new patriarch was elected a few decades later named Mar Thoma I , the Coonan Cross Oath of 1653 was made stating that the Church of India would break off from the Catholic Church . This was largely because a request for reunification with the Church of the East in the Middle East was declined , resulting in a bishop who was to reunite the churches named Ahatallah being tortured and killed by the Portuguese in 1652 . As a result , Thoma formed his own independent church and waited for a bishop from the Assyrian Church of the East to come and officially reunite them . However , unbeknownst to him , a Syriac Bishop came , and because he unknowingly thought he was an Assyrian Bishop , ended up allowing the Syriac Bishop to unite the Indian Church with the west Syrian Rite Syriac Orthodox Church , forming the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church . Soon after , Many members of that church joined a Roman sponsored Church known as the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church ( from 1923 ) that implemented reforms in an effort to make them return . However , some of the members of Mar Thomas Church knew the Syriac Bishop was not of the East Syrian rite , and waited for a Bishop to come from the Assyrian Church of the East . When Mar Gabriel , The Assyrian bishop finally arrived in 1701 the Chaldean Syrian Church was established , and broke off from the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church which they joined temporarily . Later , in the 1890s , the Syro Malabar Catholic Church had reforms which restored various Assyrian practices destroyed after the Synod of Diamaper , restoring the Syro Malabar Catholic Church to an East Syrian rite Oriental Catholic church , Similar to the Chaldean Catholic Church .   Today , the Chaldean Syrian Church is one of four archbishoporics in the Assyrian Church of the East , and has about 15,000 members in and around Thrissur . Its cathedral is the Marth Mariam Cathedral , the first Christian church in Thrissur . The members of this Church are known as Nazaranis or Marthoma Suriyani Nazarani .

neg: Middle Tamil language The evolution of Old Tamil into Middle Tamil , which is generally taken to have been completed by the 8th century , was characterised by a number of phonological and grammatical changes . In phonological terms , the most important shifts were the virtual disappearance of the aytam , an old phoneme , the coalescence of the alveolar and dental nasals , and the transformation of the alveolar plosive into a rhotic . In grammar , the most important change was the emergence of the present tense . The present tense evolved out of the verb , meaning `` to be possible '' or `` to befall '' . In Old Tamil , this verb was used as an aspect marker to indicate that an action was micro-durative , non-sustained or non-lasting , usually in combination with a time marker such as . In Middle Tamil , this usage evolved into a present tense marker -- -- which combined the old aspect and time markers .   From the period of the Pallava dynasty onwards , a number of Sanskrit loan-words entered Tamil , particularly in relation to political , religious and philosophical concepts . Sanskrit also influenced Tamil grammar , in the increased use of cases and in declined nouns becoming adjuncts of verbs , and phonology . The forms of writing in Tamil have developed through years . The Tamil script also changed in the period of Middle Tamil . Tamil Brahmi and Vaṭṭeḻuttu , into which it evolved , were the main scripts used in Old Tamil inscriptions . From the 8th century onwards , however , the Pallavas began using a new script , derived from the Pallava Grantha script which was used to write Sanskrit , which eventually replaced Vaṭṭeḻuttu .   Middle Tamil is attested in a large number of inscriptions , and in a significant body of secular and religious literature . These include the religious poems and songs of the Bhakthi poets , such as the Tēvāram verses on Shaivism and Nālāyira Tivya Pirapantam on Vaishnavism , and adaptations of religious legends such as the 12th century Tamil Ramayana composed by Kamban and the story of 63 shaivite devotees known as Periyapurāṇam . Iraiyaṉār Akapporuḷ , an early treatise on love poetics , and Naṉṉūl , a 12th-century grammar that became the standard grammar of literary Tamil , are also from the Middle Tamil period .  There is a famous saying  translating to `` He whose heart is not melted by Thiruvasagam can not be melted by any vasagam ( saying ) '' . The Thiruvasagam is composed by Manikkavasagar

neg: Punjabis The Punjabis ( Punjabi : , ਪ ਜਾਬੀ ) , or Punjabi people , are an ethno-linguistic group associated with the Punjab , who speak Punjabi , an Indo-Aryan language . Punjab literally means the land of five waters ( Persian : panj ( `` five '' ) āb ( `` waters '' ) . The name of the region was introduced by the Greeksas Pentapotamia , which was later translated into Persian by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire . Punjab is often referred to as the breadbasket in both Pakistan and India .   The coalescence of the various tribes , castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab into a broader common `` Punjabi '' identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE . Prior to that the sense and perception of a common `` Punjabi '' ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist , even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab had long shared linguistic , cultural and racial commonalities .   Traditionally , Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic , geographical and cultural . Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion , and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region , or associate with its population , and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue . Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture , since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections . More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background .   Historically , the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari ( literally meaning `` brotherhood '' ) or tribes , with each person bound to a clan . However , Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes . With the passage of time , tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society , as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society .

neg: Edom Edom ( -LSB- ˈiːdəm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈiː.dʌm -RSB- ; Assyrian : Udumi ; Syriac : ܐܕܘܡ ) is a country located initially in Transjordan , between Ammon to the north , the Dead Sea and the Arabah to the west , and the Arabian desert to the south and east . Edom appears in written sources relating to the late Bronze Age and to the Iron Age in the Levant , such as the Hebrew Bible and Egyptian and Mesopotamian records . In classical antiquity the cognate name Idumea was used for a smaller area in the same general region .   Edom and Idumea are two related but distinct terms relating to a historically contiguous population , but two separate , if adjacent , territories occupied at different periods of their history by the Edomites/Idumeans . The Edomites first established a kingdom ( `` Edom '' ) in the southern area of modern Jordan , and later migrated into southern parts of the Kingdom of Judah ( `` Idumea '' , or modern southern Israel/Negev ) when Judah was first weakened , then destroyed by the Babylonians in the 6th century BC .   Edom is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible , but also in a list of the Egyptian pharaoh Seti I from c. 1215 BC , and in the chronicle of a campaign by Ramses III ( r. 1186 -- 1155 BC ) . The Edomites , who have been identified archaeologically , were a Semitic people who probably arrived in the region around the 14th century BC . Archaeological investigation showed that the country flourished between the 13th and 8th centuries BC , and was destroyed after a period of decline in the 6th century BC by the Babylonians . After the loss of the kingdom , the Edomites were pushed westward towards southern Judah by nomadic tribes coming from the east ; among these were the Nabateans , who first appear in the historical annals of the 4th century BC and already establish their own kingdom in what used to be Edom by the first half of the 2nd century BC . More recent excavations show that the process of Edomite settlement in the southern parts of the Kingdom of Judah and parts of the Negev desert down to Timna had started already before the destruction of the kingdom by Nebuchadnezzar II in 587/86 BCE , both by peaceful penetration and by military means , taking advantage of the already weakened state of Judah .   Once pushed out of their territory , the Edomites settled during the Persian period in an area comprising the southern hills of Judea down to the area north of Be'er Sheva . Here the people appear under the graecized form of their old name , as Idumeans or Idumaeans , and their new territory is called Idumea or Idumaea ( Greek : Ἰδουμαία , Idoumaía ; Latin : Idūmaea ) , a term used in New Testament times .

neg: Assyrians in France There are around 16,000 Assyrians in France , most of which are concentrated in the Paris metropolitan area .


query: Roger Penrose has received prizes.

pos: Roger Penrose Sir Roger Penrose ( born 8 August 1931 ) is an English mathematical physicist , mathematician and philosopher of science . He is the Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute of the University of Oxford , as well as an Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College .   Penrose is known for his work in mathematical physics , in particular for his contributions to general relativity and cosmology . He has received several prizes and awards , including the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics , which he shared with Stephen Hawking for their contribution to our understanding of the universe .

neg: Peter Williams (physicist) Sir Peter Michael Williams , CBE , FRS , FREng ( born 22 March 1945 ) is a British physicist .   Williams completed his first degree and PhD with thesis titled Defect structure and luminescent properties of semiconductors at the University of Cambridge , and began an academic career at Selwyn College . He then moved to industry and worked first at VG Instruments and later Oxford Instruments . He was chairman of Oxford Instruments from 1991 until his retirement in 1999 .   Sir Peter is currently Chairman of the National Physical Laboratory and Vice President and Treasurer of the Royal Society . He was previously Master of St Catherine 's College , Oxford ( 2000 -- 2002 ) , President of the Institute of Physics ( 2000 -- 2002 ) , President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science ( 2002 -- 2003 ) and Chairman of the UK 's Engineering and Technology Board ( 2001 -- 2006 ) . He has been a member of the Interacademy Council 's Committee to Review the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that reported in August 2010 .   He was elected as Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1996 .   He received the CBE in 1992 and was knighted in the Queen 's Birthday Honours list of 1998 . He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in May 1999 .   In 2005 Williams became the fifth chancellor of the University of Leicester . He was also appointed patron for research at Marie Curie Cancer Care . He retired from this position in 2010 .   In 2015 Williams joined the board of Kromek an innovative British tech company making detectors for the medical , security and nuclear sectors .

neg: Donner Prize The Donner Prize is an award given annually by the Donner Canadian Foundation for books considered excellent in regard to the writing of Canadian public policy . The prize was established in 1998 . The grand prize is $ 50,000 ; short-listed finalists receive $ 7,500 each . To be eligible , a book must be on a single theme relevant to Canadian policy and be authored by one or more Canadian citizens . Entries are submitted by publishers , and selected by a five-person jury whose members are drawn from the ranks of Canadian professors , university administrators , businessmen , and politicians . The committee announces a short list in April of each year . The winners and runners-up are announced at an awards banquet in April or May .

neg: Bernard F. Conners Prize for Poetry The Bernard F. Conners Prize for Poetry is given by the Paris Review `` for the finest poem over 200 lines published in The Paris Review in a given year '' , according to the magazine . The winner is awarded $ 1,000 .   A `` given year '' for the Paris Review appears not to mean `` calendar year '' . The magazine 's awards sometimes go to more than one poet in a calendar year and to none in other calendar years .

neg: The Kingsley and Kate Tufts Poetry Awards The Kingsley and Kate Tufts Poetry Awards are a pair of American prizes based at Claremont Graduate University . They are given to poets for their collections of poetry written in the English language , by a citizen or legal resident alien of the United States .   The Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award is a $ 100,000 prize presented to a mid-career , emerging poet who already possesses an established body of work . The Kingsley Tufts award is known to be one of the world 's most lucrative poetry prizes .   Its counterpart , the Kate Tufts Discovery Award , is given to a poet who demonstrates genuine promise in their first book of published poetry , with an attached purse of $ 10,000 .

neg: Turing Award __ NOTOC __   The ACM A.M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) to `` an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community '' . It is stipulated that the contributions `` should be of lasting and major technical importance to the computer field '' . The Turing Award is generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science and the `` Nobel Prize of computing '' .   The award is named after Alan Turing , a British mathematician and reader in mathematics at the University of Manchester . Turing is often credited as being the key founder of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence . From 2007 to 2013 , the award was accompanied by a prize of US $ 250,000 , with financial support provided by Intel and Google . Since 2014 , the award has been accompanied by a prize of US $ 1 million , with financial support provided by Google .   The first recipient , in 1966 , was Alan Perlis , of Carnegie Mellon University . The first female recipient was Frances E. Allen of IBM in 2006 .

neg: Wolf Prize in Medicine The Wolf Prize in Medicine is awarded once a year by the Wolf Foundation in Israel . It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978 ; the others are in Agriculture , Chemistry , Mathematics , Physics and Arts . The Prize has been stated to be the second most prestigious award in science , and a significant predictor of the Nobel Prize .

neg: Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research The Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research is awarded by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to recognize cancer researchers who are making significant contributions to the understanding of cancer or are improving the treatment of the disease through basic or clinical research .   The prize is awarded biennially to up to three recipients aged 45 or younger , who are selected by a panel of investigators from leading research institutions . Each presents his or her work at a scientific symposium at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , receives a medal and shares a cash award of $ 150,000 . The prize is named after Paul A. Marks , President Emeritus of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center .

neg: Prix Roger Caillois The prix Roger Caillois is an annual literary prize established in 1991 in partnership with the PEN Club in France and the as well as the Society of readers and friends of Roger Caillois , awarded to both a Latin American and a French author . Since 2007 , the prix Roger Caillois for essay comes in addition to these two prizes .   The prize is awarded in December .

neg: Mayhew Prize The Mayhew Prize is a prize awarded annually by the Faculty of Mathematics , University of Cambridge to the student showing the greatest distinction in applied mathematics , primarily for courses offered by DAMTP , but also for some courses offered by the Statistical Laboratory , in the CASM examinations , also known as Part III of the Mathematical Tripos . This includes only about half of all students taking the CASM examinations , since the rest are taking mainly pure mathematics courses , and so the winner of the Mayhew Prize is not equivalent to obtaining the highest mark on the CASM examinations . There is currently no equivalent prize for pure mathematics , due to the absence of funds .

neg: Sunday Times Literary Awards The Sunday Times Literary Awards are composed of two awards , fiction and non-fiction , given by the South African newspaper The Sunday Times . The awards are the Barry Ronge Fiction Prize ( formerly Sunday Times Fiction Prize 2001 -- 14 ) and the Alan Paton Award for works of non-fiction ( 1989-present ) .   The prize was restructured in 2015 with the Sunday Times Fiction Prize renamed the Barry Ronge Fiction Prize , which was then merged with the Alan Paton Award to form the Sunday Times Literary Awards ; the money for each prize was increased in 2015 from R75 000 to R100 000 .

neg: Glazebrook Medal The Glazebrook Medal is awarded annually by the Institute of Physics to recognise leadership in the field of physics . It was established in 1966 and named in honour of Sir Richard T Glazebrook , the first president of the Institute of Physics .   The award consists of the medal , a cash prize and a certificate . In 1992 the Institute decided that the medal and prize should become one of its Premier Awards and that from 2008 it should be one of its Gold medals .

neg: PEN/Voelcker Award for Poetry The PEN/Voelcker Award for Poetry is given biennially to an American poet whose distinguished and growing body of work to date represents a notable and accomplished presence in American literature .   The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centers around the world . The PEN American Center awards have been characterized as being among the `` major '' American literary prizes .

neg: Harold Pender Award The Harold Pender Award , initiated in 1972 and named after founding Dean Harold Pender , is given by the Faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science of the University of Pennsylvania to an outstanding member of the engineering profession who has achieved distinction by significant contributions to society . The Pender Award is the School of Engineering 's highest honor .

neg: Rogernomics The term Rogernomics , a portmanteau of `` Roger '' and `` economics '' , was coined by journalists at the New Zealand Listener by analogy with Reaganomics to describe the economic policies followed by Roger Douglas after his appointment in 1984 as Minister of Finance in the Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand . Rogernomics was characterised by market-led restructuring and deregulation and the control of inflation through tight monetary policy , accompanied by a floating exchange rate and reductions in the fiscal deficit . Douglas came from a background of Labour Party politics . His adoption of policies more usually associated with the political right , and their implementation by the Fourth Labour Government , were the subject of lasting controversy .

neg: National Business Book Award The National Business Book Award is an award presented to Canadian business authors . The award , presented every year since 1985 , is sponsored by PricewaterhouseCoopers , the Bank of Montreal , and the Globe and Mail .   Among the six jury members is jury chairman Roger Martin , Dean of the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto . Also in the jury are Peter Mansbridge , Chief Correspondent for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 's CBC News and Pamela Wallin , a Conservative sitting in the Canadian Senate .

neg: Shadows of the Mind Shadows of the Mind : A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness is a 1994 book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose , and serves as a followup to his 1989 book The Emperor 's New Mind : Concerning Computers , Minds and The Laws of Physics .   Penrose hypothesizes that :   Human consciousness is non-algorithmic , and thus is not capable of being modelled by a conventional Turing machine-type of digital computer .  Quantum mechanics plays an essential role in the understanding of human consciousness , specifically , he believes that microtubules within neurons support quantum superpositions .  The objective collapse of the quantum wavefunction of the microtubules is critical for consciousness .  The collapse in question is physical behaviour that is non-algorithmic and transcends the limits of computability .  The human mind has abilities that no Turing machine could possess because of this mechanism of non-computable physics .

neg: Petrie Prize Lecture The Petrie Prize Lecture is an award given in alternate years by the Canadian Astronomical Society to an outstanding astrophysicist . The award commemorates the contributions to astrophysical research of the Canadian astronomer Robert M. Petrie .

neg: Stirling Prize The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in architecture . It is named after the architect James Stirling , organised and awarded annually by the Royal Institute of British Architects ( RIBA ) . The RIBA Stirling Prize is presented to `` the architects of the building that has made the greatest contribution to the evolution of architecture in the past year . '' The architects must be RIBA members , but the building can be anywhere in the European Union . Stirling Prize laureates receive a stipend of GB # 20,000 .   The award was founded in 1996 , and is considered to be the most prestigious architecture award in the United Kingdom . It is publicised as the architectural equivalent of the Booker Prize ( literature ) and Turner Prize ( visual arts ) . The highest profile architectural award in British culture , the presentation ceremony is televised by Channel 4 and the prize is sponsored by the Architects ' Journal . Six short-listed buildings are chosen from a long-list of buildings that have received a RIBA Award . These awards are given to buildings showing `` high architectural standards and substantial contribution to the local environment '' .   In addition to the RIBA Stirling Prize , five other awards are given to buildings on the long-list . In 2015 they consist of : the RIBA National Award , the RIBA Regional Award , the Manser Medal , the Stephen Lawrence Prize and the RIBA Client of the Year Award . For years prior to 1996 , the award was known as the `` Building of the Year Award '' .

neg: Harald Penrose Harald Penrose , O.B.E , CEng , F.R.Ae.S , A.M.I.N.A was the chief test pilot at Westland Aircraft Ltd between 1931 and 1953 , a naval architect , and an aviation author . His flying experience ranged from man carrying kites before the First World War to early jet fighters and helicopters . He designed , built and flew his own glider in the 1930s , designed 36 boats and yachts , and wrote many books describing his flying career and the history of British aviation .

neg: Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society ( FRS , ForMemRS and HonFRS ) is an award and fellowship granted by the Royal Society of London to individuals the society judges to have made a `` substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge , including mathematics , engineering science and medical science '' .   Fellowship of the Society , the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence , is a significant honour which has been awarded to many eminent scientists from history including Isaac Newton ( 1672 ) , Charles Darwin ( 1839 ) , Michael Faraday ( 1824 ) , Ernest Rutherford ( 1903 ) , Srinivasa Ramanujan ( 1919 ) , Albert Einstein ( 1921 ) , Winston Churchill ( 1941 ) , Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ( 1944 ) , Dorothy Hodgkin ( 1947 ) , Alan Turing ( 1951 ) and Francis Crick ( 1959 ) . More recently , fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking ( 1974 ) , Tim Hunt ( 1991 ) , Elizabeth Blackburn ( 1992 ) , Tim Berners-Lee ( 2001 ) , Venkatraman Ramakrishnan ( 2003 ) , Andre Geim ( 2007 ) , James Dyson ( 2015 ) , Ajay Kumar Sood ( 2015 ) and around 8000 others in total , including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900 . , there are around 1600 living Fellows , Foreign and Honorary Members .   Fellowship of the Royal Society has been described by The Guardian newspaper as `` the equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar '' with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year .


query: Logic was born in January 1990.

pos: Logic (musician) Sir Robert Bryson Hall II ( born January 22 , 1990 ) , known by his stage name Logic , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , and record producer . Raised in Gaithersburg , Maryland , Logic expressed an interest in music as a teenager , and ventured into a musical career in early 2009 , releasing a mixtape titled Young , Broke & Infamous in 2010 . He would then sign with Visionary Music Group , before releasing two more mixtapes over two years .   His fourth mixtape , Young Sinatra : Welcome to Forever ( 2013 ) , was released to critical acclaim , and allowed Logic to secure a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings . He later released his debut studio album Under Pressure in October 2014 , which debuted at number four on the U.S. Billboard 200 , eventually becoming certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and having sold more than 171,000 copies .   Logic 's second studio album The Incredible True Story was released in November 2015 , receiving mostly positive reviews from critics . Also certified gold in the US , it was later confirmed to have sold over 185,000 copies in the country . Logic soon released Bobby Tarantino in 2016 . It is his fifth mixtape and the first since Young Sinatra : Welcome to Forever . Logic released his third studio album Everybody in 2017 .

neg: Syntax (band) Syntax are an English electronic music group originally formed in 2002 by the musicians Jan Burton ( also the band 's vocalist ) and Mike Tournier ( ex-member of the band Fluke ) . They are best known for the songs `` Destiny '' , `` Bliss '' and `` Pride '' .

neg: The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics .   The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .

neg: Greydon Square Eddie Collins ( born September 28 , 1981 ) , better known by his stage name Greydon Square , is an American rapper from Compton , California . He is a former U.S. Army soldier and Iraq War veteran who is also an outspoken atheist . He promotes discussion on philosophical issues in both his music and life . He has been named as the 47th top atheist , and has referred to himself as the `` Black Carl Sagan '' after the name being used in a Phoenix New Times article .

neg: Johan van Benthem (logician) Johannes Franciscus Abraham Karel ( Johan ) van Benthem ( born 12 June 1949 in Rijswijk ) is a University Professor  ( universiteitshoogleraar ) of logic at the University of Amsterdam at the Institute for Logic , Language and Computation and professor of philosophy at Stanford University ( at CSLI ) . He was awarded the Spinozapremie in 1996 and elected a Foreign Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2015 .   He studied physics ( B.Sc . 1969 ) , philosophy ( M.A. 1972 ) and mathematics ( M.Sc . 1973 ) at the University of Amsterdam and received a PhD from the same university under supervision of Martin Löb in 1977 . Before becoming University Professor in 2003 , he held appointments at the University of Amsterdam ( 1973 -- 1977 ) , at the University of Groningen ( 1977 -- 1986 ) , and as a professor at the University of Amsterdam ( 1986 -- 2003 ) .   In 1992 he was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences .   Van Benthem is known for his research in the area of modal logic . This research has resulted in Van Benthem 's Theorem , which states that modal logic is the fragment of first-order logic that is closed under bisimulation .   He has also been active in the fields of philosophy of science , logical structures in natural language ( generalized quantifiers , categorial grammar , substructural proof theory ) , dynamic logic and update logic and applications of logic to game theory as well as applications of game theory to logic ( game semantics ) . Van Benthem is a member of the group collectively publishing under the pseudonym L. T. F. Gamut . He has also taught in China . He made an effort to encourage and organize international collaboration between Chinese and Western logicians .   Professor van Benthem retired from the Institute for Logic , Language and Computation in September 2014 .

neg: Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .

neg: Hopsin Marcus Jamal Hopson ( born July 18 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Hopsin , is an American rapper , record producer , director and actor from Los Angeles , California . In 2007 , he was signed to Ruthless Records , and had founded his own record label , Funk Volume , in 2009 . He would then go on to found another record label , Undercover Prodigy , in 2016 . Hopsin has released four studio albums , Gazing at the Moonlight through Ruthless Records , Raw , Knock Madness and Pound Syndrome along with the collaborative project Haywire ( with SwizZz ) through Funk Volume . He is well known for his use of white colored eye contacts in music videos , performances , and interviews .

neg: Logica nova In the history of logic , the term logica nova ( Latin , meaning new logic ) refers to a subdivision of the logical tradition of Western Europe , as it existed around the middle of the thirteenth century . According to the availability at the time of the logical works of Aristotle ( written in Greek ) in Latin translation , there was a logica vetus ( old logic ) and the logica nova .

neg: Logical biconditional In logic and mathematics , the logical biconditional ( sometimes known as the material biconditional ) is the logical connective of two statements asserting `` p if and only if q '' , where p is an antecedent and q is a consequent . This is often abbreviated `` p iff q '' . The operator is denoted using a doubleheaded arrow , a prefixed E ( Epq ) , an equality sign , an equivalence sign , or EQV . It is logically equivalent to ( p → q ) ∧ ( q → p ) , or the XNOR ( exclusive nor ) boolean operator . It is equivalent to '' ( not p or q ) and ( not q or p ) '' . It is also logically equivalent to '' ( p and q ) or ( not p and not q ) '' , meaning `` both or neither '' .   The only difference from material conditional is the case when the hypothesis is false but the conclusion is true . In that case , in the conditional , the result is true , yet in the biconditional the result is false .   In the conceptual interpretation , a = b means `` All a 's are b 's and all b 's are a 's '' ; in other words , the sets a and b coincide : they are identical . This does not mean that the concepts have the same meaning . Examples : `` triangle '' and `` trilateral '' , `` equiangular trilateral '' and `` equilateral triangle '' . The antecedent is the subject and the consequent is the predicate of a universal affirmative proposition .   In the propositional interpretation , a ⇔ b means that a implies b and b implies a ; in other words , that the propositions are equivalent , that is to say , either true or false at the same time . This does not mean that they have the same meaning . Example : `` The triangle ABC has two equal sides '' , and `` The triangle ABC has two equal angles '' . The antecedent is the premise or the cause and the consequent is the consequence . When an implication is translated by a hypothetical ( or conditional ) judgment the antecedent is called the hypothesis ( or the condition ) and the consequent is called the thesis .   A common way of demonstrating a biconditional is to use its equivalence to the conjunction of two converse conditionals , demonstrating these separately .   When both members of the biconditional are propositions , it can be separated into two conditionals , of which one is called a theorem and the other its reciprocal . Thus whenever a theorem and its reciprocal are true we have a biconditional . A simple theorem gives rise to an implication whose antecedent is the hypothesis and whose consequent is the thesis of the theorem .   It is often said that the hypothesis is the sufficient condition of the thesis , and the  thesis the necessary condition of the hypothesis ; that is to say , it is sufficient that the hypothesis be true for the thesis to be true ; while it is necessary that the thesis be true for the hypothesis to be true also . When a theorem and its reciprocal are true we say that its hypothesis is the necessary and sufficient condition of the thesis ; that is to say , that it is at the same time both cause and consequence .

neg: Second-order logic In logic and mathematics second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic , which itself is an extension of propositional logic . Second-order logic is in turn extended by higher-order logic and type theory .   First-order logic quantifies only variables that range over individuals ( elements of the domain of discourse ) ; second-order logic , in addition , also quantifies over relations . For example , the second-order sentence says that for every unary relation ( or set ) P of individuals , and every individual x , either x is in P or it is not ( this is the principle of bivalence ) . Second-order logic also includes quantification over functions , and other variables as explained in the section Syntax and fragments below . Both first-order and second-order logic use the idea of a domain of discourse ( often called simply the `` domain '' or the `` universe '' ) . The domain is a set over which individual elements may be quantified .

neg: Misery Loves Comedy Misery Loves Comedy is an album by Louis Logic , an American hip hop artist and J.J. Brown , an American hip hop producer . The album focusses on Logic 's experiences with women , however , the title hints at the poor outcomes of these ventures .

neg: Second-order propositional logic A second-order propositional logic is a propositional logic extended with quantification over propositions . A special case are the logics that allow second-order Boolean propositions , where quantifiers may range either just over the Boolean truth values , or over the Boolean-valued truth functions .   The most widely known formalism is the intuitionistic logic with impredicative quantification , system F. Parigot ( 1997 ) showed how this calculus can be extended to admit classical logic .

neg: Logical constant In logic , a logical constant of a language is a symbol that has the same semantic value under every interpretation of . Two important types of logical constants are logical connectives and quantifiers . The equality predicate ( usually written ' =') is also treated as a logical constant in many systems of logic . One of the fundamental questions in the philosophy of logic is `` What is a logical constant ? '' ; that is , what special feature of certain constants makes them logical in nature ?   Some symbols that are commonly treated as logical constants are :   Many of these logical constants are sometimes denoted by alternate symbols ( e.g. , the use of the symbol '' & '' rather than '' ∧ '' to denote the logical and ) .

neg: Classical logic Classical logic ( or standard logic ) is an intensively studied and widely used class of formal logics . Each logical system in this class shares characteristic properties :   Law of excluded middle and double negative elimination  Law of noncontradiction , and the principle of explosion  Monotonicity of entailment and idempotency of entailment  Commutativity of conjunction  De Morgan duality : every logical operator is dual to another   Classical logic was originally devised as a two-level ( bivalent ) logical system , with simple semantics for the levels representing `` true '' and `` false '' .

neg: Counter Logic Gaming Counter Logic Gaming ( CLG ) is an American eSports organization headquartered in Los Angeles , California . It was founded in April 2010 by George `` HotshotGG '' Georgallidis and Alexander `` Vodoo '' Beutel as a League of Legends team , and has since branched out into other games .   CLG fields the oldest League of Legends team still active , having competed in every split of the North American League of Legends Championship Series ( LCS ) since it began in Spring 2013 . CLG has won two NA LCS splits , the 2015 Summer NA LCS and 2016 Spring NA LCS . The team has also attended the 2012 and 2015 League of Legends World Championships , and was eliminated in the group stage on both occasions .   The organization also fields Halo , Counter-Strike : Global Offensive ( CS : GO ) , Super Smash Bros. , and Call of Duty teams , and previously included a Dota 2 team . The organization was also one of the first in North America to implement a multi-team gaming house , and the current residence is able to house all their major divisions and the management staff on a permanent basis .

neg: Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success .   Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively .   In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .

neg: Logic Made Easy Logic Made Easy : How to Know When Language Deceives You is a 2004 book by Deborah J. Bennett ( ISBN 0-393-05748-8 ) and published by W.W. Norton & Company . Its theme is the analysis of what common words such as `` some '' , `` all '' , and `` not '' mean , and how logic relates to speech and writing . It discusses eliminating problems such as ambiguity and imprecise language from communications , such as in technical writing .   Category :2004 books  Category : Philosophy books  Category : W. W. Norton & Company books

neg: Jallal Jallaluddin Mohammad Malik ( born 1993 ) , better known by his stage name Jallal , is an American rapper from Los Angeles , California .

neg: Equational logic First-order equational logic consists of quantifier-free terms of ordinary first-order logic , with equality as the only predicate symbol . The model theory of this logic was developed into Universal algebra by Birkhoff , Grätzer and Cohn . It was later made into a branch of category theory by Lawvere ( `` algebraic theories '' ) .   The terms of equational logic are built up from variables and constants using function symbols ( or operations ) .

neg: Tyler, The Creator Tyler Gregory Okonma ( born March 6 , 1991 ) , better known by his stage name Tyler , The Creator , is an American rapper , record producer , and music video director . Born in Ladera Heights , California , he rose to prominence as the leader and co-founder of the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future and has rapped on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release . Okonma creates all the artwork for the group 's releases and designs the group 's clothing and other merchandise as well .   After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings , in April 2011 , he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records , with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment . Following that he released his second studio album Wolf , which was met with generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 selling 90,000 copies in its first week . He has his own clothing company , called Golf Wang , started in 2011 , and a carnival , named Camp Flog Gnaw , hosted annually since 2012 . He runs his own streaming service Golf Media ; it contains original scripted series from Tyler himself and Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly .

neg: 1-800-273-8255 (song) `` 1-800-273-8255 '' is a song by American rapper Logic . It was released on April 28 , 2017 , through Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings , as the third single from his third studio album Everybody . The song 's name is from the phone number for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline . The song features vocals from singer-songwriters Alessia Cara and Khalid . The song was produced by Logic and 6ix .


query: One Direction has failed to make anything.

pos: One Direction One Direction ( commonly abbreviated as 1D ) are an English-Irish pop boy band based in London , composed of Niall Horan , Liam Payne , Harry Styles , Louis Tomlinson , and previously , Zayn Malik until his departure from the band on 25 March 2015 . The group signed with Simon Cowell 's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor in 2010 . Propelled to international success by social media , One Direction 's five albums , Up All Night ( 2011 ) , Take Me Home ( 2012 ) , Midnight Memories ( 2013 ) , Four ( 2014 ) , and Made in the A.M. ( 2015 ) , topped charts in most major markets , and generated hit singles including `` What Makes You Beautiful '' , `` Live While We 're Young '' , `` Best Song Ever '' , `` Story of My Life '' , and `` Drag Me Down '' .   Their awards include six Brit Awards , four MTV Video Music Awards , eleven MTV Europe Music Awards , seven American Music Awards ( including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015 ) , and 27 Teen Choice Awards , among many others . According to Nick Gatfield , the chairman and chief executive of Sony Music Entertainment UK , One Direction represented a $ 50 million business empire by June 2012 . They were proclaimed 2012 's `` Top New Artist '' by Billboard . According to the Sunday Times Rich List , by April 2013 , they had an estimated personal combined wealth of # 25 million ( $ 41.2 m ) making them the second-wealthiest musicians in the UK under 30 years of age . In 2014 , Forbes listed them the second-highest earning celebrities under 30 , with the group earning an estimated $ 75 million from June 2013 to June 2014 . In June 2015 , Forbes listed their earnings at $ 130 million for the previous twelve months , and ranked them the fourth highest earning celebrities in the world . In 2016 Forbes ranked them the world 's second highest earning celebrities .   After the release of Four , One Direction became the first band in the US Billboard 200 history to have their first four albums debut at number one . Their third album , Midnight Memories , was the biggest-selling album worldwide of 2013 despite being released in late November . The band 's Where We Are Tour in support of Midnight Memories and Four , was the highest-grossing concert tour in 2014 , and the highest-grossing tour ever by a vocal group , generating $ 282 million . In 2014 , Billboard named One Direction Artist of the Year . The band is currently on a hiatus that began in January 2016 , allowing all members to pursue other projects .

pos: Four (One Direction album) Four is the fourth studio album by English-Irish boy band One Direction , released on 17 November 2014 by Columbia Records and Syco Music . Two singles were released from the album , `` Steal My Girl '' and `` Night Changes '' , both achieving platinum status in the US , and scoring the band their tenth and eleventh UK top-ten hits .   The album received generally positive reviews from music critics . It debuted at number one in 18 countries , including the United Kingdom , Australia and the United States . The album was also One Direction 's last with member Zayn Malik , who announced he was leaving the band on 25 March 2015 . In August 2015 , Four became the band 's fourth consecutive album to sell in excess of 1 million copies in the United States . The band became the first band to have their first four albums debut at number one in the United States .

neg: One shot (music video) A `` one-shot '' is any music video which consists of action , continuous in time and space , from the perspective of a single camera -- a single long take . In order to be able to make one-shot videos several special techniques are used . Most commonly the stage props which are not currently caught on cameras are changed during the shot . For other videos some parts are filmed before the final shot and then replayed on screens in the video .   One of the most famous music video directors for this genre is Michel Gondry , who has done many of his videos in this style .   This differs from the meaning of two shot , etc. .

neg: Wishful Thinking (Australian band) Wishful Thinking ( or Wishful ) were an Australian three-piece pop-punk band which formed in Tasmania in 1998 and disbanded in 2006 . The line-up included Alistair Elkins on bass guitar , Carl Jackson on lead vocals and Leigh Thompson on drums . In 2002 Carlos Echeverria was replaced by Elkins on bass guitar . Carl 's brother Lachlan Jackson was the bassist in the original lineup ( along with a handful of drummers ) before they moved to Melbourne . They were one of Australia 's `` buzz '' punk/pop acts and were signed to Boomtown Records . Wishful Thinking 's musical style was pop punk and followed in the style of such bands like Blink 182 and New Found Glory .   Wishful Thinking shared stages and toured with such bands , including Millencolin , MXPX , Kisschasy , Area-7 , Gyroscope , All Star United , Relient K , The O.C. Supertones , and Antiskeptic .   Wishful Thinking also had rotation on the radio stations Triple M and Triple J , with their single ' I Do n't Need You ' which was released in 2003 and their single ` The Day You Went Away ' in 2004 .   Tim Cashmere of Undercover News reviewed their debut album , Standing Still ( 2003 ) ; he described them as a `` Christian-punk act '' and felt the album was `` none-too-shabby , albeit none-too-original either ... The god-fearing punk beats of Wishful Thinking makes an interesting point of difference . '' Ben Seifu of vibewire.net noticed that `` the production is quite professional without being too smooth or processed . The drums in particular are captured reasonably well . But beyond that Standing Still is pretty standard pop punk stuff . '' Jasper Lee of Oz Music Project opined that it `` oozes of punk pop goodness that echoes heroes of said genre such as MXPX . The band 's strength lies in their combination of consistent punk power chords with a lyrical depth underpinning their spiritual beliefs . ''   Steph Brincat of Oz Music Project reviewed the group 's second album , Kicking Goals , Banging Gongs & High Five All Round , rating it at four out of five due to the `` classic pop-punk sound that we have all come to know and love , without making it sound horrible and generic , and I assure you that I am not being sarcastic or ironic . The music is tight and although it does n't stray from the usual pop-punk recipe of repetitive yet catchy bass , guitar and drum explosion , there is variation in their tunes such as interesting little guitar licks and bass solos . ''   The band reformed for a once-off show in August 2013 at the Adelaide Uni Bar with S.T.R.

neg: One 4 U `` One 4 U '' ( Japanese : ワン ・ フォー ・ ユー Wan Fō Yū ; Korean : 원포유 Wonpoyu ) is a song by South Korean boy band A-Jax . It was released on June 1 , 2012 as the group 's debut single . The song `` Never Let Go '' , used as B-side for the Korean single , was released on May 15 , 2012 , two weeks before their official debut , as a prologue single . The song was re-recorded in Japanese and will also serve as their debut single in Japan . It was released in August 8 , 2012 .

neg: Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions .   Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction .   Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .

neg: I Can't Make It `` I Ca n't Make It '' is a song that was released in March 1967 by English band Small Faces . The single peaked at number 26 on the UK Singles Chart .

neg: 1 of 1 (album) 1 of 1 is the fifth Korean studio album and the eighth overall by South Korean boy band Shinee . It was released digitally and physically on October 5 , 2016 , under S.M. Entertainment and distributed by KT Music . The album contains nine songs , including the title track of the same name , `` 1 of 1 '' . Musically , the album is a modernized twist on the retro genre , and stretches back to the 1980 -- 1990 period . Additionally , based on their '90s theme , the group released a limited edition of cassette tapes besides the usual CD version . In order to promote the album , Shinee appeared on several South Korean music programs , such as Music Bank , Show ! Music Core , and Inkigayo , where they performed material from the album . On November 15 , 2016 , Shinee released a repackaged version of their fifth studio album titled 1 and 1 with 5 new songs , including the title track `` Tell Me What to Do '' .   The album received favorable reviews from music critics , who praised Shinee 's successful attempt at the retro style , bringing back the classic , old-school boy band sound , while maintaining the groups previous dreamy-like sound of their last album Odd . It was commercially successful in South Korea and peaked atop the Gaon Album Chart and sold over 170,000 album copies in one month . The album also charted at number two on the Billboards US World Albums chart . Its title track , `` 1 of 1 '' , peaked at number four on the Gaon Digital Chart , further reaching number three on the Billboards World Digital Songs chart .   The accompanying music video also received positive reviews , Stephanie Choi of Hello Asia and Gina Mei of Cosmopolitan praised the nostalgic feel about video as several parts of it -- the costumes , the simple , white backdrop , and old film transition techniques reflect the retro style of the late 1980 and 90s . Jeff Benjamin of Fuse praised the atypical portrayals of beauty , as the video includes many different looking female models .

neg: The Radio Dept. discography The discography of Swedish indie pop group , The Radio Dept. consists of three studio albums , four extended plays , ten singles and one compilation album . The Radio Dept. was formed in 1995 by Johan Duncanson , although they did not start recording until 2001 . They were signed to Labrador Records the same year and have stayed with the label since . The band 's lineup has changed over the years until it settled on the trio of Johan Duncanson and Martin Carlberg , with Daniel Tjäder on keyboards .   Their first album , Lesser Matters , was released to critical acclaim , although with little chart success outside of Sweden . It received rave reviews , achieving ` universal acclaim ' status from Metacritic , and was ranked the 9th best album of 2004 by NME magazine . The album attracted enough attention for film producer Sofia Coppola to use three of The Radio Dept. 's songs for her film , Marie Antoinette .   Pet Grief , the band 's second album , was received less well critically , although it charted higher in Sweden . There was a four-year break before their third album , Clinging to a Scheme was released in 2010 . This album was received much better than Pet Grief and was the band 's first album to chart in the USA , reaching no. 20 on the Billboard `` Heatseekers '' chart ( which consists of the top 20 albums by artists that have never made the top 100 ) . It featured on many end-of-year lists , including Pitchfork Media 's 2010 Readers ' Poll .   In July 2016 , the band announced their fourth studio album , Running Out of Love will be released in October .

neg: Rock or Bust Rock or Bust is a studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It is their fifteenth internationally released studio album and the sixteenth to be released in Australia . It is the shortest studio album ever released by the band ; at approximately 35 minutes , it is two minutes shorter than their previous shortest album , Flick of the Switch , which was released in 1983 . Rock or Bust also was the group 's first album without founding member and rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young , who had retired from the band in 2014 due to health concerns , although he co-wrote every track on the album . Bass guitarist Cliff Williams has also retired since Rock or Bust was released , drummer Phil Rudd was unable to participate in the supporting tour after being sentenced to house arrest , and vocalist Brian Johnson was forced to exit the band after the fifth leg of the album 's supporting tour as a result of hearing loss .   The group released the debut single from the album , titled `` Play Ball '' , on 7 October 2014 . The song has been a commercial success , reaching the top 40 charts in various countries such as Spain ( at number 28 ) , France ( at number 39 ) or Switzerland ( at number 19 ) .   Rock or Bust peaked at # 1 in 12 countries , including Australia , Canada , Germany and Sweden . It reached the top 5 in a further 12 countries , including New Zealand , the United Kingdom , the United States and Italy .

neg: List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller .   , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .

neg: A.D.H.D. (album) A.D.H.D is the debut album by English Hip-hop artist , Master Shortie . The album was released on July 27 , 2009 and has so far failed to chart .

neg: 2002 in British music charts This is a summary of 2002 in music in the United Kingdom , including the official charts from that year . In 2002 , as in the previous year , there were 30 songs that reached the top of the charts . Although there were numerous songs that remained at the top for only a week , several managed to carry out runs of 2 or more weeks , none achieving above 4 .   The UK also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the UK singles chart . After the Popstars phenomenon of the previous year , the UK became obsessed with talent show winners and the new show Pop Idol became a huge success . The year was thought of as the 2nd Golden Age of Hip-Hop music with many successful artists with Eminem coming out at top once again .

neg: New Order discography The discography of New Order , an English rock band , consists of ten studio albums , twelve compilation albums , three live albums , five extended plays ( EPs ) , thirty-eight singles , twelve video releases , thirty-three music videos and a number of soundtrack appearances . New Order were formed in 1980 by singer and guitarist Bernard Sumner , bassist Peter Hook and drummer Stephen Morris . The group began life as a continuation of their former incarnation Joy Division . Joy Division had disbanded after the death of the lead singer Ian Curtis . Gillian Gilbert , who was Morris ' girlfriend at the time , soon joined the group and played guitar and keyboards .   Remarkably , New Order 's first eight singles released between 1981 and 1984 were not taken from any album . In most cases they were not even released as a 7-inch , but exclusively available in the radio-unfriendly 12-inch format , an unusual approach for a pop-act in the eighties .   Despite the high anticipation that surrounded the group , their debut single `` Ceremony '' only peaked at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart . The group 's following two singles and their debut album met with similar moderate success . It would not be until the release of their fourth single , `` Blue Monday '' , that New Order would break into the top ten , with the song peaking at number 9 . `` Blue Monday '' became a defining single for the group and caused a sensation , becoming the biggest selling 12-inch single of all time .   New Order , like many other post-punk groups of the period , increasingly utilised keyboards , drum machine and sequencers in their music . As a result they became associated with the synthpop and electronic dance movements of the 1980s . Beginning with Power , Corruption & Lies from 1983 , all of the group 's studio albums reached the top ten in the United Kingdom . The group experienced a lull in popularity in the years 1985 and 1986 but the surprise international popularity of the `` Bizarre Love Triangle '' single re-launched the group across the world . The group cemented their success in 1987 with the single , `` True Faith '' , and the compilation album Substance .   New Order were at the peak of their popularity in the years 1987 to 1993 , with a run of popular singles , including `` Blue Monday 1988 '' , `` Fine Time '' , `` Regret '' , `` World ( The Price of Love ) '' and in 1990 they scored their only number 1 single in the UK with the official England national football team song , `` World in Motion '' . The two albums released during these years , Technique and Republic ; each charted at number 1 in the UK . It was during this successful period that the group 's internal dynamic began to falter . Sumner was not fond of touring , and wanted to take time off from the group and produce a solo album . He formed Electronic with Johnny Marr and the pair released their first single in 1989 . Hook formed his own band , Revenge , in 1989 , while Morris and Gilbert worked together as The Other Two , primarily scoring soundtracks . Of the three side projects , Sumner 's was by far the most successful .   The recording and touring of 1993 's Republic , their first for London Records , was difficult and intra-band tensions were rife . The group went on hiatus until 1998 . In the meantime two compilation albums , The Best of New Order and The Rest of New Order , and several singles were released .   The group reconvened in 1998 for the Reading Festival but did not release new material until 2000 . The group released the album Get Ready in 2001 . It was met with critical warmth , but it was apparent that the group 's popularity had lessened . The lead single from the album , `` Crystal '' , reached the top ten in the UK . The film 24 Hour Party People , a humorous chronicle of their label Factory Records , was released in 2002 . New Order contributed a new song , `` Here to Stay '' , and a re-recording of the Joy Division song `` New Dawn Fades '' with Moby , for the film 's soundtrack . The compilation International and four-disc boxset Retro were released in winter 2002 . New Order followed Get Ready with Waiting for the Sirens ' Call in 2005 . During this period Gilbert stepped down from live performances due to family commitments . Phil Cunningham stepped into her role and in 2005 became an official member of the group .   The group had intended to release a ninth album soon after Waiting for the Sirens ' Call , the majority of which had already been recorded . The lack of enthusiasm inside the group and relative failure of Waiting for the Sirens ' Call stalled their career momentum . In 2007 , Hook decided to leave the group , and stated that he and Sumner had no further plans to work together . Sumner formed Bad Lieutenant with Cunningham , and Hook formed Freebass . Morris continued to work with Sumner and Cunningham . In 2008 , New Order released remastered and expanded editions of their first five albums with the intention of releasing the further three albums in a similar format in future .  In December 2012 it was announced that Lost Sirens would be released in the United Kingdom on 14 January 2013 . Lost Sirens is an eight-track album of tracks left out of Waiting for the Sirens ' Call .  On 22 June 2015 , the band announced they are to release a new album , Music Complete , on 25 September 2015 . The album will be the first without Peter Hook , and was produced mostly by the band themselves , except `` Singularity '' and `` Unlearn This Hatred '' , both produced by Tom Rowlands , while `` Superheated '' features additional production by Stuart Price .   In the US , the band has sold a certified 2 million albums , and in the UK a certified 960,000 albums .

neg: The Only One (The Cure song) `` The Only One '' is a single by the British band The Cure which was released on 13 May 2008 on Geffen Records in the United Kingdom . The single was released in the United States on 20 May 2008 . It is the first single to be released by The Cure in over three and a half years -- their last single being 2004 's `` Taking Off '' / `` alt.end '' . It is also the first single from the 2008 album , 4:13 Dream . The single was produced by Robert Smith and Keith Uddin . The song debuted live on 7 October 2007 in Mountain View , California at a festival and was also played in Mexico City the next week . During that time , the song was known as `` Please Project '' . It was n't until early on in the European tour in early 2008 was `` The Only One '' established as the title .   The B-side , `` NY Trip '' , does not appear on the new album .

neg: North One Television North One Television is a television production company based in London and Birmingham , England , and Sydney , Australia . It was originally known as Chrysalis Television and is now part of All3Media .   Notable programmes produced include Formula 1 coverage on ITV for ITV Sport , Football Italia , ASBO Teen to Beauty Queen , The Gadget Show and Fifth Gear .   North One Television has won the tender for a programme to accompany Channel 4 's Formula 1 coverage from 2016 .

neg: List of instrumental number ones on the UK Singles Chart The UK Singles Chart is a record chart compiled on behalf of the British record industry . Since 1997 , the chart has been compiled by the Official Charts Company ( formerly The Official UK Charts Company and the Chart Information Network ) and until 2005 ( when digital downloads were included in the chart compilation ) , the chart was based entirely on sales of physical singles from retail outlets . The UK Singles Chart originated in 1952 , when New Musical Express ( NME ) published the first chart of singles sales . The positions of all songs are based on week-end sale totals , from Sunday to Saturday , but pre-1987 the charts were released on a Tuesday because of the need for manual calculation .   Since inception there have been nearly 1,200 number ones ; of these , instrumental tracks ( i.e. those without any lyrics ) have topped the chart on 25 occasions for a total of 83 weeks . The Shadows have had the most instrumental number ones , with five between 1960 and 1963 . Three other artists have had more than one instrumental number one : Eddie Calvert ( in 1954 and 1955 ) , Winifred Atwell ( in 1954 and 1956 ) and Russ Conway ( both in 1959 ) . Calvert 's track `` O Mein Papa '' stayed at the top of the charts for nine weeks , longer than any other instrumental single . The single `` Cherry Pink ( and Apple Blossom White ) '' has been an instrumental number one for two different artists ( Calvert and Perez Prado ) in 1955 . To date , Martin Garrix is the most recent artist to have an instrumental number one , with `` Animals '' in November 2013 .

neg: Dream City Film Club Dream City Film Club were a North London rock band founded in July 1995 .   Their sound was difficult to categorize in that it encompassed tortured lovelorn balladry , avant-garde flourishes , Tin Pan Alley , straightforward rock and gospel yearnings in both lyrics and subject matter . Ultimately , Dream City Film Club failed to find enough of an audience to sustain them .   Vocalist Michael J. Sheehy had been working as a solo singer/songwriter for several years when he met Alex Vald and Laurence Ash , who quickly began writing songs with Sheehy . Upon the demise of another local group , Breed , bassist Andrew Park joined . The band 's name came from a news story Sheehy had seen about an arsonist who had burned down a members-only porno theatre . They played their first gig as Dream City Film Club on 31 July 1995 .   They released a single , `` Crawl '' for the underground fanzine , the Organ in early 1996 . Soon after , they were contacted by Beggar 's Banquet and recorded their eponymous debut album in late 1996 , later releasing it on 26 May 1997 .   According to Sheehy , the English press reaction to the first single , `` Perfect Piece of Trash '' , was almost unanimous in its derision . After parting with Vald , DCFC continued on as a three piece , recording its second and final album , In the Cold Light of Morning featuring a more expansive sound best realized on the epic `` God Will Punish the Pervert Preacher '' .   The group disbanded in 1999 . Michael J. Sheehy subsequently recorded three solo albums for Beggar 's Banquet and two for Glitterhouse , and has fronted Saint Silas Intercession with his brother Patrick . During the early 2000s , Alex Vald worked as half of experimental pop band Datapuddle . In 2015 , Sheehy and Vald reunited as the pop-noir duo United Sound of Joy .

neg: Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts .   In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick .   In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label .   UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently .   Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music .   Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .

neg: Goldie (band) Goldie were a British pop/rock band . The band was formed by guitarist Dave Black in 1976 with members of his previous project Kestrel and following his departure from Spiders from Mars . They are best known for the hit single `` Making Up Again '' , which reached Number 7 in the UK Singles Chart in July 1978 .   The single , as with most of their material , was written by their guitarist Dave Black and lead vocalist Pete McDonald , and it was released on the Bronze label with catalogue reference BRO 50 , the track spent eleven weeks in the chart . Despite releasing follow up singles their lack of subsequent chart success made Goldie a one-hit wonder .   The song is considered a fine example of late 1970s sophisticated pop music , Pete McDonald hinted at its complexity in an interview with the Newcastle Evening Chronicle in March 1978 when he said `` It 's not typical of what we play on stage . It 's too complex . ''   The band performed and recorded together for four years , and appeared on the TV show Top of the Pops . The group disbanded in 1980 . Following the split Black went on to form another band 747 who did not achieve chart success , but did have a successful career in their native North East during the early 1980s . Both Black and McDonald went on to have successful solo careers and Black continued to attract crowds at his many gigs throughout the North of England until his death in July 2015 . Geoff Robson , their bass guitarist , appeared on series 25 of Never Mind the Buzzcocks in September 2011 .   The North East music scene was brought together in July 2015 following the death of lead guitarist and founding member Dave Black . His funeral in St George 's Church , Cullercoats , the village near Whitley Bay where Dave grew up , was packed with many of musician he grew up with on the North East music scene in the 1970s , including Brian Johnson lead singer in AD/DC , and Brendan Healy , who toured with Goldie , and for whom Dave later played guitar in The Brendan Healy Band .

neg: Twenty Twenty (band) Twenty Twenty are a pop punk band based in London , Cambridge and Essex , UK . They are made up of lead vocalist/guitarist Sam Halliday , brother and bassist/vocalist Jack Halliday , and drummer/vocalist Sonny Watson-Lang . The band have supported acts such as The Wanted , The Saturdays , Avril Lavigne , Scouting For Girls , Big Time Rush and Selena Gomez . Festival appearances have included playing with JLS , Diversity , and McFly . July 2010 saw the band play at the O2 Arena with The Saturdays , and Tinchy Stryder . In early 2011 Twenty Twenty supported The Saturdays on a UK tour throughout February and March and supported The Wanted in March and April . 17 April 2011 saw the release of the band 's new single and their first release signed to a major label . Their debut album `` Small Talk '' was released on 2 May 2011 .   On 10 January 2014 Sam and Jack officially announced the band 's split on the sugarscape website after drummer Sonny Watson-Lang 's departure from the band six months earlier .

neg: For One Day `` For One Day '' is the second single by Evermore , taken from their debut album Dreams .   In Australia , the song was ranked # 57 on Triple J 's Hottest 100 of 2004 , and reached # 25 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart .