query: Mexico is not classified as a newly industrialized country.

pos: Mexico Mexico ( México , -LSB- ˈme.xi.ko -RSB- , modern Nahuatl ) , officially the United Mexican States ( -LSB- Estados Unidos Mexicanos , links = no -RSB- , ) , is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost two million square kilometers ( over 760,000 sq mi ) , Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world . With an estimated population of over 120 million , it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city . Other metropolises include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana and León .   Pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations , such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . Three centuries later , this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colony 's Mexican War of Independence . The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by economic instability and many political changes . The Mexican -- American War ( 1846 -- 48 ) led to the territorial cession of the extensive northern territories to the United States . The Pastry War , the Franco-Mexican War , a civil war , two empires and a domestic dictatorship occurred through the 19th century . The dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 , which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country 's current political system .   Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity . The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) partners , especially the United States . Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , joining in 1994 . It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts . By 2050 , Mexico could become the world 's fifth or seventh largest economy . The country is considered both a regional power and middle power , and is often identified as an emerging global power . Due to its rich culture and history , Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Mexico is a megadiverse country , ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity . In 2016 it was the eighth most visited country in the world , with 35 million international arrivals . Mexico is a member of the United Nations , the World Trade Organization , the G8 +5 , the G20 , the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance .

neg: Magdalena Contreras La Magdalena Contreras ( -LSB- maɣðaˈlena konˈtɾeɾas -RSB- ) is one of the 16 delegaciones ( boroughs ) into which Mexico 's Federal District is divided . It had a 2010 census population of 239,086 inhabitants , and is the third-least populous of Mexico City 's boroughs . It lies at an elevation of 2,365 m. above sea level . It is named after two historically important communities , La Magdalena Atlitic , one of four communities with pre Hispanic roots , and Colonia Contreras , an area noted for its textiles mills until the 20th century . The northern end of the borough is urbanized with the rest , with its mountains and ravines , designated as a conservation zone . However , urban sprawl is putting pressure on these areas , with the borough government promoting ecotourism as a way to preserve the area 's forests and other natural resources . The largest ecotourism park is Los Dinamos , canyons and ravines cut by streams and fresh water springs which eventually form the Río Magdalena , Mexico City 's only remaining free flowing river .

neg: La Década Perdida `` La Década Perdida '' ( `` The Lost Decade '' ) is a designation to the financial period of crisis in Latin America during the 1980s ( and for some well into the subsequent decade ) . Sometimes the term is used in exclusive reference to Mexico .   After the petroleum boom previous to the government of Mexican president José López Portillo ( from 1976 to 1982 ) , the Mexican government began to rely heavily on export barrels to support the financial needs in the country . These exports were mainly directed towards the United States , mainly due to the petroleum crisis of 1973 , taking advantage of the high prices these barrels garnered .   When the market finally settled , thus reducing the high prices per barrel , the financial stability of the country was endangered . Diversification of income would have prevented the problem , but due to the inability of other production sectors to make up for the reduced profit , Mexico had to inflate the currency to by then historic levels . The Mexican peso would then be devaluated by almost 500 % . Given these circumstances , López Portillo nationalized all financial institutions in 1982 , during his last public address to the nation by saying : `` Defenderé el peso como un perro '' ( `` I 'll defend the peso like a dog '' ) .   During the next period , president Miguel de la Madrid tried to bring back foreign investment and new trade agreements , culminating with Mexico 's admission to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) on January 1986 and also his proposed `` Economic Solidarity Pact '' in 1987 , which finally put inflation under control , which averaged 100 % until that time .

neg: Puebla Puebla ( -LSB- ˈpweβla -RSB- ) , officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla ( Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla ) is one of the 31 states which , with the Federal District , comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico . It is divided in 217 municipalities and its capital city is Puebla .   It is located in East-Central Mexico . It is bordered by the states of Veracruz to the north and east , Hidalgo , México , Tlaxcala and Morelos to the west , and Guerrero and Oaxaca to the south .   The origins of the state lie in the city of Puebla , which was founded by the Spanish in this valley in 1531 to secure the trade route between Mexico City and the port of Veracruz .   By the end of the 18th century , the area had become a colonial province with its own governor , which would become the State of Puebla , after the Mexican War of Independence in the early 19th century . Since that time the area , especially around the capital city , has continued to grow economically , mostly through industry , despite being the scene of a number of battles , the most notable of which being the Battle of Puebla . Today , the state is one of the most industrialized in the country , but since most of its development is concentrated in Puebla and other cities , many of its rural areas are very poor , forcing many to migrate away to places such as Mexico City and the United States .   Culturally , the state is home to the China Poblana , mole poblano , active literary and arts scenes and festivals such as Cinco de Mayo , Ritual of Quetzalcoatl , Day of the Dead celebrations ( especially in Huaquechula ) and Carnival ( especially in Huejotzingo ) . It is home to five major indigenous groups : Nahuas , the Totonacs , the Mixtecs , the Popolocas and the Otomi , which can mostly be found in the far north and the far south of the state .

neg: Proto-industrialization Proto-industrialization ( also spelled proto-industrialisation ) was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded , and created conditions for , the establishment of fully industrial societies . Proto-industrialisation is generally referred to the phase before industrialisation . Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production , mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists . It was an effective method of production which was controlled by merchants and had links to developing European consumerism . However , the phase was not observed across Europe , and nor did it always smoothly transition into the Industrial Revolution proper .   The term was coined by F. F. Mendels in 1972 ,  though a UNESCO colloquium on the 10th anniversary of the deaths of Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin and published in 1971 discusses `` the basis for proto-industrialization '' .   The applicability of proto-industrialization in Europe has since been challenged . M.J. Daunton , for example , argues that proto-industrialisation `` excludes too much '' to fully explain the expansion of industry : not only do proponents of proto-industrialisation ignore the vital town-based industries in pre-industrial economies , but also ignores `` rural and urban industry based upon non-domestic organisation , '' referring to how mines , mills , forges and furnaces fit into the agrarian economy .   Initially using surplus labor available during slow periods of the agricultural seasons , proto-industrialization led to specialization - not only in industrial production but also in commercial agricultural production . This allowed reciprocal trade favored by regional economies of scale . It resulted in accumulation of capital and in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills by merchant capitalists , which facilitated the development of large-scale , and capital-intensive production methods in the full industrialization phase that followed .   Proto-industrialization sparked social changes in traditional agrarian societies that would become more marked during full industrialization , such as greater independence of women and children , who gained a means of income separate from the family subsistence farm . During this phase of industrialisation , machines were not used . They were not even invented at that time . People could only use their hands or any hand-made material to produce required goods .

neg: Anti-Mexican sentiment Anti-Mexican sentiment is a negative attitude to people of Mexican descent , Mexican culture and/or accents of Mexican Spanish most commonly found in the United States .   In general it is closely associated with Mexican and United States Independence wars , and the struggle over Southwestern territories that once belonged to Spain through the establishment of building Catholic Missions . This eventually would lead to war between the two nations and the defeat of Mexico which came with a great loss of territory . In the 20th century , anti-Mexican sentiment continued to grow after the Zimmermann Telegram incident between the Mexican government during the Mexican Revolution and the German Empire during World War I , . Most of all , anti-Mexican sentiment in the USA stemmed from perception that blame Mexicans for illegal immigration .

neg: List of constitutions of Mexico Since declaring independence in 1821 , Mexico has adopted a number of constitutions or other documents of basic law with constitutional effects . Not all these can be considered constitutions , and not all of them enjoyed universal application . Those enacted in 1824 , 1857 , and 1917 are generally considered full-fledged , operational constitutions . The Constitution of 1824 established the framework of a federated republic , following the short-lived monarchy of Agustín de Iturbide ( in 1821 -- 22 ) . The Constitution of 1857 was the framework set by Mexican liberals that incorporated particular laws into the constitution . The Constitution of 1917 was drafted by the faction that won the Mexican Revolution , known as the Constitutionalists for their adherence to the Constitution of 1857 . It strengthened the anticlerical framework of the 1857 constitution , empowered the state to expropriate private property , and set protections for organized labor . The 1917 Constitution was significantly revised in 1992 under Carlos Salinas de Gortari , eliminating anticlerical restrictions and strengthening private property rights against the State .

neg: Golden Age of Mexican cinema The Golden Age of Mexican cinema ( in Spanish Época de Oro del Cine Mexicano ) is a period in the history of the Cinema of Mexico between 1936 and 1959 when the Mexican film industry reached high levels of production , quality and economic success of its films , besides having gained recognition internationally . The Mexican film industry became the center of commercial films in Latin America .   The Golden Age began symbolically with the film Vámonos con Pancho Villa ( 1935 ) , directed by Fernando de Fuentes . In 1939 , during World War II , the film industry in the US and Europe decline , because the materials previously destined for film production now were for the new arms industry . Many countries began to focus on making films about war , leaving the opportunity to Mexico , to produce commercial films for the Mexican and Latin American markets . This cultural environment favored the emergence of a new generation of directors and actors considered to date , icons in Mexico and in Hispanic countries and Spanish-speaking audiences .

neg: Economy of Brazil Brazil has the world 's ninth largest economy by nominal GDP , and the eighth largest by purchasing power parity . The Brazilian economy is characterized by an inward-oriented economy .   Brazil 's economy is the largest of Latin America and the second largest in the Americas . From 2000 to 2012 , Brazil was one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world , with an average annual GDP growth rate of over 5 % , with its economy in 2012 surpassing that of the United Kingdom , temporarily making Brazil the world 's sixth largest economy . However , Brazil 's economy growth decelerated in 2013  and the country entered a recession in 2014 .   According to the World Economic Forum , Brazil was the top country in upward evolution of competitiveness in 2009 , gaining eight positions among other countries , overcoming Russia for the first time , and partially closing the competitiveness gap with India and China among the BRIC economies . Important steps taken since the 1990s toward fiscal sustainability , as well as measures taken to liberalize and open the economy , have significantly boosted the country 's competitiveness fundamentals , providing a better environment for private-sector development .   In 2012 Forbes ranked Brazil as having the 5th largest number of billionaires in the world , a number much larger than what is found in other Latin American countries , and even ahead of United Kingdom and Japan . Brazil is a member of diverse economic organizations , such as Mercosur , Unasul , G8 +5 , G20 , WTO , and the Cairns Group .

neg: Mexican Armed Forces The Mexican Armed Forces ( Fuerzas Armadas de México ) are composed of two independent entities : the Mexican Army and the Mexican Navy . The Mexican Army includes the Mexican Air Force ( FAM ) . The Presidential Guard , Military Police , and Special Forces are part of the Army , but have their own chains of command . The Mexican Navy includes the Naval Infantry Force and the Naval Aviation ( FAN ) .   The Army and Navy are controlled by two separate government departments , the National Defense Secretariat and the Naval Secretariat , and maintain two independent chains of command , with no joint command except the President of Mexico .

neg: Import substitution industrialization Import substitution industrialization ( ISI ) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production . ISI is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products . The term primarily refers to 20th-century development economics policies , although it has been advocated since the 18th century by economists such as Friedrich List and Alexander Hamilton .   ISI policies were enacted by countries in the Global South with the intention of producing development and self-sufficiency through the creation of an internal market . ISI works by having the state lead economic development through nationalization , subsidization of vital industries ( including agriculture , power generation , etc. ) , increased taxation , and highly protectionist trade policies . Import substitution industrialization was gradually abandoned by developing countries in the 1980s and 1990s due to the insistence of the IMF and World Bank on their structural adjustment programs of global market-driven liberalization aimed at the Global South .   In the context of Latin American development , the term `` Latin American structuralism '' refers to the era of import substitution industrialization in many Latin American countries from the 1950s until the 1980s . The theories behind Latin American structuralism and ISI were organized in the works of Raúl Prebisch , Hans Singer , Celso Furtado , and other structural economic thinkers , and gained prominence with the creation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ( UNECLAC or CEPAL ) . While the theorists behind ISI or Latin American structuralism were not homogeneous and did not belong to one particular school of economic thought , ISI and Latin American structuralism and the theorists who developed its economic framework shared a basic common belief in a state-directed , centrally planned form of economic development . In promoting state-induced industrialization through governmental spending through the infant industry argument , ISI and Latin American structuralist approaches to development are largely influenced by a wide range of Keynesian , communitarian , and socialist economic thought . ISI is often associated and linked with dependency theory , although the latter has traditionally adopted a much broader Marxist sociological framework in addressing what are perceived to be the origins of underdevelopment through the historical effects of colonialism , Eurocentrism , and neoliberalism .

neg: List of companies of Guatemala Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , the Pacific Ocean to the southwest , Belize to the northeast , the Caribbean to the east , Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast . With an estimated population of around 15.8 million , it is the most populated state in Central America . A representative democracy , Guatemala 's capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción , also known as Guatemala City .   Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) in purchasing power parity ( PPP ) in 2010 was estimated at $ 70.15 billion USD . The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 63 % , followed by the industry sector at 23.8 % and the agriculture sector at 13.2 % ( 2010 est. ) . Mines produce gold , silver , zinc , cobalt and nickel . The agricultural sector accounts for about two-fifths of exports , and half of the labor force . Organic coffee , sugar , textiles , fresh vegetables , and bananas are the country 's main exports . Inflation was 3.9 % in 2010 .

neg: Mexican Fascist Party The Mexican Fascist Party ( Partido Fascista Mexicano ) was a political party that was formed in Mexico in 1922 that was officially based upon Italian Fascism . The party was founded by Gustavo Sáenz de Sicilia . It was formed largely in opposition to effects of the Mexican Revolution by urban and rural middle class supporters who opposed socialism and agrarian reform who saw fascism as an alternative . The party 's base of supporters were largely conservative , Catholic , and antirevolutionary . The party was viewed with dismay by Italian fascists , with the Italian ambassador in 1923 stating that `` This party was not anything else than a bad imitation of ours , and did not possess the causes of origin and the finalities of it . It , in fact , assumed the aspect of a political movement tending to gather in the whole country old conservative and Catholic forces dispersed by the revolution , and to form , in this way , a party clearly opposed to the actual government . ''

neg: Mexico–Taiwan relations Mexico -- Taiwan relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Mexico and the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) .

neg: Confederation of Mexican Workers The Confederation of Mexican Workers ( Confederación de Trabajadores de México ( CTM ) ) is the largest confederation of labor unions in Mexico . For many years , it was one of the essential pillars of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional ( the Institutional Revolutionary Party , or PRI ) , which ruled Mexico for more than seventy years . However , the CTM began to lose influence within the PRI structure in the late 1980s , as technocrats increasingly held power within the party . Eventually , the union found itself forced to deal with a new party in power after the PRI lost the 2000 general election , an event that drastically reduced the CTM 's influence in Mexican politics .   Over the years the CTM has also lost much of its power within the workplace , increasingly being more agreeable to employers ' moves aimed to increase productivity . Workers have usually received little benefit from these agreements , as real wages have generally fallen over the past several decades . Moreover , the CTM has become increasingly corrupt and conservative over the years , often serving to impede workers ' efforts to organize independent unions .

neg: Mexico City Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Ciudad de México , -LSB- sjuˈða ðe ˈmexiko -RSB- ; abbreviated as `` CDMX '' ) , is the capital and most populous city of Mexico . As an `` alpha '' global city , Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2240 m . The city consists of sixteen municipalities ( previously called boroughs ) .   The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1485 km2 . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the Greater Mexico City population is 21.2 million people , making it the second-largest metropolitan area of the western hemisphere , behind New York City , the tenth-largest agglomeration , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world .   The Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product ( GDP ) of US$ 411 billion in 2011 , making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8 % of Mexico 's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22 % of total national GDP . As a stand-alone country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America -- five times as large as Costa Rica 's and about the same size as Peru 's .   Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians ( Native Americans ) , the other being Quito . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan , and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) . Mexico City served as the political , administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire . After independence from Spain was achieved , the federal district was created in 1824 .   After years of demanding greater political autonomy , residents were given the right to directly elect a Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997 . Ever since , the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution ( PRD ) has controlled both of them . In recent years , the local government has passed a wave of liberal policies , such as abortion on request , a limited form of euthanasia , no-fault divorce , and same-sex marriage . On January 29 , 2016 , it ceased to be called the Federal District ( Spanish : Distrito Federal or D.F. ) and is now in transition to become the country 's 32nd federal entity , giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state . Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution , however , as the seat of the powers of the federation , it can never become a state , lest the capital of the country be relocated elsewhere .

neg: Foreign policy A country 's foreign policy , also called foreign relations or foreign affairs - policy , consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu . The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries . The study of such strategies is called foreign policy analysis . In recent times , due to the deepening level of globalization and transnational activities , the states will also have to interact with non-state actors . The aforementioned interaction is evaluated and monitored in attempts to maximize benefits of multilateral international cooperation . Since the national interests are paramount , foreign policies are designed by the government through high-level decision making processes . National interests accomplishment can occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations , or through exploitation . Usually , creating foreign policy is the job of the head of government and the foreign minister ( or equivalent ) . In some countries the legislature also has considerable effects . Foreign policies of countries have varying rates of change and scopes of intent , which can be affected by factors that change the perceived national interests or even affect the stability of the country itself . The foreign policy of one country can have profound and lasting impact on many other countries and on the course of international relations as a whole , such as the Monroe Doctrine conflicting with the mercantilist policies of 19th-century European countries and the goals of independence of newly formed Central American and South American countries .

neg: Conscription in Mexico Military Service in Mexico ( in Spanish , Servicio Militar Nacional , or SMN ) currently involves all males reaching the age of eighteen years . Selection is made by a lottery system using the following color scheme : those who draw a black ball must serve as `` availability reservists '' , that is , they are not required to perform any activities whatsoever and will receive their discharge card at the end of the year .   The ones who get a white ball serve in a Batallón del Servicio Militar Nacional ( National Military Service Battalion ) composed entirely of one-year SMN conscripts . In certain cities , such as Veracruz and Ciudad Madero , the lottery system also includes a blue ball ; whoever draws it must serve in the navy .   In 2003 , President Vicente Fox Quesada reformed the law to allow for voluntary Military Service to be performed by females of military age .   Conscripts are trained in basic combat with fire weapons , in one Infantry Battalion .   Their formation was brought about after German submarine attacks against Mexican oil tankers that were providing fuel and material to the Allies during World War II . These attacks eventually caused the Mexican government to declare war on Nazi Germany and the other Axis powers . Mexico sent an expeditionary force , the Escuadrón 201 , to fight in the Pacific War .

neg: Economy of Costa Rica The economy of Costa Rica it is very stable and has evolved from an economy that depended solely on tourism , agriculture , to one more diverse , based on electronics exports , medical manufacturing and IT services .   According to a study conducted by ADEN Business School ( which included 18 other countries in the region ) , Costa Rica is the fourth most competitive country in Latin America in 2012 and is part of a block of countries rated as having a `` very good competitive level , with advances and developments in infrastructure , technology and macroeconomic stability '' . The nation scored a 71.8 out of 100 on a study which measured competitiveness based on 10 criteria . Compared to the 2011 rank , Costa Rica went up by one position ( from 5th to 4th ) .   The CIA World Factbook states that Costa Rica 's Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) per capita is US$ 12,900 ( 2013 est. ) ; the reported GDP summed in 2012 to US$ 45.1 bn with a population of 4,805,000 . The World Bank General Government Public Sector Debt ( PSDGG ) statistics showed a linear rise from US$ 8bn in 2009 to US$ 18bn in 2014 , which translates to a growth rate of 12 % . The Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos is charged with measuring other economic performance measures . Poverty has remained around 15-20 % for nearly 20 years , and the strong social safety net that had been put into place by the government has eroded due to increased financial constraints on government expenditures .   According to the CIA World Factbook , foreign investors remain attracted by the country 's political stability and relatively high education levels , as well as the incentives offered in the free-trade zones . Costa Rica has attracted one of the highest levels of foreign direct investment per capita in Latin America . However , many business impediments remain such as high levels of bureaucracy , legal uncertainty due to overlapping and at times conflicting responsibilities between agencies , difficulty of enforcing contracts , and weak investor protection .  Inflation rose to 22.5 % in 1995 , dropped to 11.1 % in 1997 , 12 % in 1998 , 11 % in 1999 and 13 % in 2008 . Measures taken by the Central Bank have reduced inflation substantially to 4.3 % in 2009 , and a projected 5.8 % for 2010 . Curbing inflation , reducing the deficit , and improving public sector efficiency through an anti-corruption drive , remain key challenges to the government . Previous political resistance to privatization had stalled liberalization efforts . However , after the signing of CAFTA , Costa Rica is now open to competition with its Central American partners in its insurance and telecommunications markets .   Costa Rica 's economy emerged from recession in 1997 and has shown strong aggregate growth since then . After 6.2 % growth in 1997 , GDP grew a substantial 8.3 % in 1999 , led by exports . Costa Rica had a US$ 6.64 bn trade deficit in 2013 , on exports of US$ 11.48 bn and imports of US$ 18.13 bn . Hybrid electronic circuits was the leading durable export category in 2013 , followed by pineapple , banana , medical equipment , medical bioproducts , and coffee , juices , prosthetics , and surgery tools ; these categories added up to over 50 % of exports . Miscellaneous circuits including telephones and miscellaneous petroleum products added to just under 25 % of imports .   The strength in the nontraditional export and tourism sector is masking a relatively lackluster performance by traditional sectors , including agriculture . The central government deficit decreased to 3.2 % of GDP in 1999 , down from 3.3 % from the year before . On a consolidated basis , including Central Bank losses and parastatal enterprise profits , the public sector deficit was 2.3 % of GDP . Costa Rica had a formal line of credit with the World Bank valued at US$ 947M in April 2014 , of which US$ 645M had been accessed and US$ 600M remained outstanding .

neg: Adolfo Aguilar Zínser Adolfo Aguilar Zínser was a Mexican scholar , diplomat and politician who served as a National Security Advisor to President Vicente Fox and as a UN Security Council Ambassador in the midst of the US invasion of Iraq .   Born in Mexico City into an upper-class family , Adolfo Aguilar was the son of Adolfo Aguilar y Quevedo a criminal lawyer and Carmen Zínser , a philanthropist . He was also the grandson of Miguel Ángel de Quevedo El apóstol del árbol ( `` Apostle of trees '' ) , considered the first environmentalist in Mexico and Ángela Quevedo de Aguilar a philanthropist .   Aguilar studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico , international relations at El Colegio de México ( 1972 -- 75 ) and completed a master 's degree in international and public affairs at Harvard University 's Kennedy School of Government ( 1977 -- 78 ) . During the early seventies he briefly subscribed to Marxist ideology , and he headed Luis Echeverría 's Center for Economic and Social Studies of the Third World during the mid-1970s .   He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies , representing the Party of the Democratic Revolution ( PRD ) in 1994 and served until 1997 . From 1997 to 2000 he served in the Senate , representing the Green Ecological Party of Mexico ( PVEM ) .   Following Vicente Fox 's election to the Presidency ( representing a coalition of the National Action Party and the PVEM ) on July 2 , 2000 , Aguilar served as the transition team 's advisor on international affairs . After taking office , Fox appointed Aguilar his national security advisor .   In January 2002 , Fox appointed Aguilar Mexico 's permanent representative to the  United Nations . His term coincided with Mexico 's election to the Security Council  and , in accordance with the Security Council 's rules of procedure , he served as its president for two one-month terms .   Following a speech to students at Mexico City 's Ibero-American University on November 11 , 2003 , in which Aguilar claimed that the political and intellectual class of the United States sees Mexico as `` a country whose position is that of a back yard '' ( patio trasero ) and that Washington was interested in only `` a relationship of convenience and subordination '' and `` a weekend fling '' ( un noviazgo de fin de semana ) , President Fox requested his resignation on 18 November . Two days later , Aguilar announced his resignation in writing accusing Fox of treason and submission to US interests . Aguilar saw nothing controversial in his speech , considering it `` obvious and historical '' ; it was , however , spun in the media to imply that Aguilar himself believed that Mexico was the US 's backyard and was thus unworthy to represent the country at the UN . The speech served as a pretext to fire him and placate the US , although Mexico never gave the US what it wanted : support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq .   After leaving the UN , Aguilar received an honorary degree from Ricardo Palma University ( Peru ) and hosted a weekly current-affairs show on television . He died in a car accident near his summer chalet in Tepoztlán , Morelos , on June 5 , 2005 , at the age of 55 .   In the run-up to the fifth anniversary of the Iraq War he was the subject of an episode of the BBC series 10 Days to War , in which he was played by Tom Conti .

neg: Dirty War (Mexico) The Dirty War ( Guerra Sucia ) refers to the Mexican theater of the Cold War , an internal conflict between the Mexican PRI-ruled government , backed by the US , and left-wing student and guerrilla groups in the 1960s and 1970s under the presidencies of Luis Echeverría and José López Portillo . During the war , government forces carried out disappearances , estimated at 1,200 , systematic torture , and `` probable extrajudicial executions '' .   In Mexico the dirty war is a subject little known by the bulk of the population , this because the PRI has hidden or eliminated the information and was not written in the history books . The judicial investigation into State crimes against political movements was opened only until Vicente Fox 's term ( 2000-2006 ) , which created the Special Prosecutor 's Office for Social and Political Movements of the Past ( FEMOSPP ) . However , despite the fact that it has advanced in the knowledge of the historical facts , the FEMOSPP has not been able to arrive at finalize concrete legal responsibilities against which they have been indicated like main people in charge of the dirty war .


query: G-Dragon is a person who creates art.

pos: G-Dragon Kwon Ji-yong ( ; born August 18 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name G-Dragon , is a South Korean rapper , singer-songwriter , record producer , and fashion icon . After six years as a trainee under the record label YG Entertainment , G-Dragon rose to fame in the mid-2000s as one of two rappers in the South Korean hip hop boy band Big Bang . Despite initial lukewarm receptions , the group became one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world .   G-Dragon debuted as a solo artist with the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 . The album was a commercial success and earned the Mnet Asian Music Awards for Album of the Year , while the single of the same name became a number-one hit . G-Dragon later formed a duo with fellow Big Bang member T.O.P to record and release the album GD & TOP ( 2010 ) , which contained the top-five hits `` High High '' , `` Oh Yeah '' , and `` Knock Out '' on the Gaon Digital Chart , while the album peaked at number-one . His first EP One of a Kind ( 2012 ) was critically acclaimed and yielded `` One of a Kind '' , `` Crayon '' , and the number-one `` That XX '' , earning Record of the Year at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards . The EP became the highest-selling album by a Korean soloist since his own Heartbreaker . In 2013 , he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist , which included a four-dome tour in Japan , making him the first Korean soloist to do a dome tour . G-Dragon was awarded Artist of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards following the success of his second studio album Coup d'Etat ( 2013 ) , in addition to the awards of World 's Best Entertainer and World 's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards .   Recognized as one of the most influential leaders in music and fashion in his country and labelled as an `` K-pop icon '' , G-Dragon was named by Forbes the most influential person under 30 in Asia 's entertainment and sports . Producing not only for his band but also for his and his bandmates ' solo releases , G-Dragon has written 22 number one songs .

neg: Osamu Tezuka was a Japanese manga artist , cartoonist , animator , film producer , medical doctor and activist . Born in Osaka Prefecture , his prolific output , pioneering techniques , and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles as `` the father of manga '' , `` the godfather of manga '' and `` the god of manga '' . Additionally , he is often considered the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney , who served as a major inspiration during Tezuka 's formative years .   Born in Toyonaka Tezuka took an interest in art and animation at an early age when his father showed him his first Disney films . As a young child Tezuka began to practice drawing so much that his mother would have to erase pages in his notebook in order to keep up with his output . In elementary school he would develop his own comics and illustrations from which his skills would become formidable . During high school in 1944 Tezuka was drafted into the military service to work in a factory . Tezuka would begin studying medicine at the Osaka University in 1945 , during which he would begin to publish his first professional works . Tezuka would begin what was known as the manga revolution in Japan with his New Treasure Island published in 1947 . His legendary output would spawn some of the most influential , successful and well received manga series including Astro Boy , Jungle Emperor Leo , Black Jack , and Phoenix , all of which would win several awards .   During the 1960s Tezuka entered the animation industry in Japan by founding the production company Mushi Productions he would help innovate with industry with the broadcast of the animated version of Astro Boy in 1963 . This series would create the first successful model for animation production in Japan and would also be the first Japanese animation dubbed into English for an American audience . Other series were also translated to animation including Jungle Emperor Leo , the first Japanese animated series produced in full color . In the 1970s Mushi Productions would collapse financially and the fallout would produce several influential animation production studios including Sunrise . After Mushi Production 's failure Tezuka would found Tezuka Productions and continue experimenting with animation late into his life .   Tezuka died of stomach cancer in 1989 . His death had an immediate impact on the Japanese public . A museum was constructed in Takarazuka dedicated to his memory and life works and Tezuka received many posthumous awards . Several animations were in production at the time of his death along with the final chapters of Phoenix which were never released .

neg: Stéphan Barron Stéphan Barron is a contemporary artist . He developed through his artworks since the 1980s the ideas of Planetary Art and Technoromanticism . Planetary Art is an art form which takes the Earth in its planetary dimension as its basis for artistic creation . Technoromanticism is the theory of links between art and new technologies , within the context of the threats posed to Nature by technoscience and economic development . Technoromanticism also seeks to analyse the return of the human body within technological arts , formulating the hypothesis that a technological society needs a corporeal rebalancing of perceptions .   `` Stéphan Barron occupies , in Europe , a prominent place in the search for a spatio-temporal definition of the video image . ''

neg: Minhwa Minhwa art refers to the Korean folk art that consists of paintings of mythical figures and other objects in a specific plain , straightforward and naive style .   Literally `` painting of the people '' or `` popular painting '' . This type of painting was often the work of anonymous craftsmen who faithfully adhered to the styles , canons and genres inherited from the past . Minhwa also involved a magical dimension . They were believed to possess beneficial virtues and to protect the owner and his family from evil forces . They feature popular themes such as cranes , rocks , water , clouds , the sun , moon , pine-trees , tortoises , insects and flowers .   Minhwa art developed into its present form in the seventeenth century . The artists were common people who went from place to place , often following festivals , where they would paint for the locals , fulfilling their commissions on the spot . Important stages in life were also marked by the painting of a minhwa picture . Both common people and nobles would commission these artists .   The paintings worked on a number of levels . They show figures from folk mythology and legends , symbols of happiness , wealth and health , and scenes of everyday life . The most common figures were animals that represented power , such as the tiger , or providential circumstances , such as carp , which represent success . The paintings were done on paper and on canvas .   After a decline during the colonial rule , the art form experienced a short boom until laid low by the Korean War . In the 1980s , though , there was a revival of Minhwa , the interest and popularity of which persists to this day .

neg: Dragon Voice is a manga series by Yuriko Nishiyama . It was serialized by Kodansha in Weekly Shōnen Magazine and collected in 11 bound volumes . The manga was licensed in North America by Tokyopop , but the license was dropped after publishing 10 volumes . The story centers on a Japanese pop-singing group called Beatmen and focuses on the life of Rin Amami , the unlikely fifth member of the group who was foretold as the bearer of a legendary unique singing vocal called ` Dragon Voice ' .

neg: Google Drawings Google Drawings is a free , web-based diagramming software developed by Google . It allows users to collaborate and work together in real time to create flowcharts , organisational charts , website wireframes , mind maps , concept maps , and other types of diagrams . Google Drawings is also available as a Chrome app that works offline , available from the Chrome Web Store . Google Drawings is hosted within Google Drive and all files created with the application are by default saved to Google Drive . It was originally introduced on April 12 , 2010 as Google Docs drawings , a tool for making drawings in Google Docs .   Google Drawings allows multiple users to open and edit drawings simultaneously in real time .  It contains a subset of the features in Google Slides but with different templates .  Users can insert images from the local hard drive or from the Web , as well as shapes , arrows , scribbles and text . Google Drawings has set of flow-chart symbols and other shapes that can be dragged and dropped into place . Users can move , resize and rotate objects , and use polylines and line connectors .  It also allows for the editing of images , including cropping , applying masks and adding borders .  Other features include laying out drawings precisely with alignment guides , snapping to grid , and auto-distribution .  Drawings can be inserted into other Google documents , spreadsheets , or presentations . They can also be published online as images or downloaded in standard formats such as JPEG , SVG , PNG , or PDF .

neg: Shi Jinsong Shi Jinsong ( born 1969 , Dangyang County Hubei Province , China ) is a Chinese artist based in Wuhan and Beijing . He studied at Hubei Academy of Fine Arts in China where he majored in sculpture and mastered an array of traditional styles and techniques . He graduated in 1994 .   He is particularly known for his first solo exhibition in the United States at Chambers Fine Art in New York Na Zha Baby Boutique exhibition , a series of stainless steel sculptures depicting baby accessories -- rattle , cot , stroller , etc. -- made from razor-sharp blades ( Na Zha is a child warrior deity in Chinese mythology ) . He is violent and sly and flamboyantly dressed in flaming trousers with fireball feet . Today , he is associated with lottery , gambling , and the high life and is the star of a cartoon TV show . Shi Jinsong humorously depicts Na Zha in his exhibition as the `` new face of Mothercare . '' Shi describes Na Zha as `` a supernatural youthful hero who always recovers and refuses to grow up . He has three heads , nine eyes and eight arms , with blue clouds coming from his mouth , flamed wheels under his feet , and all kinds of powerful weapons in his hands . He needs only to shout for clouds to turn into rain . He cuts his own flesh and commits suicide to save his father , fights the dragon king , and overturns the universe . '' This is the Na Zha portrayed in Shi 's artwork . Chambers Fine Art described this work as a `` dialogue , at once menacing and ironic , between the forms of mythic Chinese culture and modern day globalization '' . He returned to this theme for his Secret Book of Cool Weapons , which portrayed corporate logos such as the Nike Swoosh as martial arts weapons .   Shi has shown work internationally in many exhibitions including Shanghai Cool : Creative Reproduction at the Shanghai Duolun Museum of Modern Art , Mahjong at Kunstmuseum Bern in Switzerland , Alors , La Chine ? at the Pompidou Center in Paris , and Too Much Flavour at Chambers Fine Art in New York .

neg: Yang Yongliang Yang Yongliang ( ; sometimes written Yang Yong-liang ; born 1980 in Jiading , Shanghai ) is a Chinese contemporary artist .   As a young student , he studied traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy before attending the Shanghai Art & Design Academy , where he specialized in decoration and design beginning in 1996 . In 1999 he attended the China Academy of Art , Visual Communication Department , Shanghai branch . In 2005 he started his career as an artist with the stated goal of `` creating new forms of contemporary art . ''   He currently lives and works in Shanghai .

neg: Dragon (magazine) Dragon is one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products ; Dungeon is the other . TSR , Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company 's earlier publication , The Strategic Review . The final printed issue was # 359 in September 2007 . Shortly after the last print issue shipped in mid-August 2007 , Wizards of the Coast ( part of Hasbro , Inc. ) , the publication 's current intellectual property rightsholder , relaunched Dragon as an online magazine , continuing on the numbering of the print edition . The last published issue was No. 430 in December 2013 .   A digital publication called Dragon + , which replaces the Dragon magazine , launched in 2015 . It is created by Dialect in collaboration with Wizards of the Coast , and restarted the numbering system for issues at No. 1 .

neg: Edward Giobbi Edward Gioachino Giobbi ( born July 18 , 1926 in Waterbury , Connecticut ) is an American artist and cookbook author .   Giobbi 's paintings and other renderings appear in collections in the U.S. and , particularly , in Italy . His works have been shown in solo and group shows featuring a range from abstract impressionism to pop art . According to New York Times reviewer Edward Zimmer , Giobbi 's early works reveal the influence of expressionism . These works depict a `` dark sense of ambiguity and longing '' contradicted by `` buoyant '' colors . `` Mr. Giobbi 's art then takes a different turn ... more intellectual and formal '' revealing the impact of cubism and formalism .   Zimmer notes Giobbi 's use of a protagonist , Linus , addressing issues of loss and abandonment . See the article `` In Katonah with Nothing But Abstractions to Consider '' by Vivien Raynor , New York Times , July 19 , 1992 , and Giobbi 's response , `` The Myth of Linus in Greek Mythology '' New York Times , September 16 , 1992 .   Giobbi 's later works are autobiographical , with a `` free , seemingly extemporaneous use of paint that contrasts with the deliberately plotted quality of the main compositions . ''   In his article , `` Still Going Strong '' , New York Times , September 9 , 2001 , D. Dominick Lombardi wrote :   `` After returning from the service in 1946 , Giobbi worked in a foundry , earning enough money to begin his art education at Vesper George School of Art in Boston .   A visiting artist there , Henry Hensche , suggested that Giobbi spend the summer at Hensche 's private art school in Provincetown , Mass. .   He taught the Impressionist style , which is when I learned color logic , whereby all colors fit as they do in nature , Giobbi said . This enabled me to build a color vocabulary that I continue to use today .   After he finished school in Boston , Giobbi moved on to the Art Students League in Manhattan . The League was fabulous in 1949 , he said . It was full of veterans who were no-nonsense . They had families , they experienced war , and there was no time for fussing around.Shortly afterwards , my mother suggested I visit Italy . I stayed for three years , learned to speak better Italian and studied fresco painting at the Academia di Belle Arte in Florence . I learned the old master techniques using dried pigments with rabbit skin glue . That is when I fell in love with the early fresco artists : Giotto , Masaccio , Piero della Francesca and Michelangelo . Those are the people that still nourish me through their art.In speaking of his return to New York City in 1954 , he said : I had a special grant from the Art Students League , affording me time and space in the sculpture studio . I met my wife , Elinor Turner , there . In 1958 , we decided to return to Europe . We got married in Switzerland.Returning to the Northeast in 1961 , the Giobbis stayed in a friend 's home in Greenwich , searching the tristate area for a home before settling in Katonah.I found Munch , Cézanne , Matisse , Picasso and Giacometti to be artists that nourished me , he said , recalling influences on his work at that time . In those days , Abstract Expressionism was in full swing . I liked the excitement and the abandonment of their technique to a degree , but I do not believe in anarchy . If you look at the growth of masses of various vegetation that grows naturally in the woods , you see extreme anarchy . However , if you really study this vegetation , there is order there . That is how I see painting . The Abstract Expressionists lacked order . '' ''   Giobbi 's oral history interview , recorded by Paul Cummings in November and December , 1977 , is archived at the Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art .   Giobbi is the author of `` Italian Family Cooking '' , Random House , 1971 , 1978 , foreword by Craig Claiborne . He then authored `` Eat Right , Eat Well -- The Italian Way '' , Knopf , 1985 , 1998 . This book was edited by noted cookbook editor Judith Jones and reflects Giobbi 's back to nature lifestyle in imitation of his Italian ancestors who raised their own farm animals and grew their own vegetables and fruits . For `` Pleasures of the Good Earth '' , Knopf , 1991 , Giobbi won a James Beard award for culinary excellence in 1992 . Giobbi collaborated with his daughter , Eugenia Giobbi Bone , for his most recent work , `` Italian Family Dining : Recipes , Menus and Memories of Meals with a Great American Food Family '' , Rodale , 2005 . In 1990 , he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member , and became a full Academician in 1992 .   See also `` An Artist Round When All Was Square '' , review of a Katonah Gallery show , New York Times , July 2 , 1976 .

neg: Yoshitaka Amano is a Japanese artist , character designer , illustrator and a theatre and film scenic designer and costume designer . He first came into prominence in the late 1960s working on the anime adaptation of Speed Racer . Amano later became the creator of iconic and influential characters such as Gatchaman , Tekkaman : The Space Knight , Hutch the Honeybee and Casshan . In 1982 he went independent and became a freelance artist , finding success as an illustrator for numerous authors , and worked on best-selling novel series , such as The Guin Saga and Vampire Hunter D . He is also known for his commissioned illustrations for the popular video-game franchise Final Fantasy .   Since the 1990s Amano has been creating and exhibiting paintings featuring his iconic retro pop icons in galleries around the world , primarily painting on aluminium box panels with acrylic and automotive paint . He is a 5-time winner of the Seiun Award , and also won the 1999 Bram Stoker Award for his collaboration with Neil Gaiman , Sandman : The Dream Hunters .   Amano 's influences include early Western comic books , art nouveau , and Japanese woodblock prints . In early 2010 , he established Studio Devaloka , a film production company .

neg: Kenichi Muraeda is a Japanese manga artist . He created the manga series Kamen Rider Spirits .

neg: Gai Qi Gai Qi ( Chinese : 改琦 ; zi Bowen 伯蕰 , hao Qiliang七郎 , secondary hao Yuhu waishi 玉壶外史 1774-1829 ) was a poet and painter born in western China during the Qing dynasty . As an artist , he was active in Shanghai . In painting his works mainly concerned plants , beauty , and figures . However he also did numerous landscapes . In poetry he preferred the rhyming ci form and added such poems to his paintings .   His social circle included prominent literati as well as artists . He organized both a literary society and a Buddhist lay society . His work often used a delicate baimiao ( outline ) style , which can be clearly see in his illustrations for Honglou meng , ( Dream of the Red Chamber ) . The illustrations are chiefly portraits of the main characters in the novel . Numerous poets , including the renowned woman poet Zhou Qi , wrote poems to accompany the illustrations .   The scholar Wang Qisun 王岂孙 commissioned Gai Qi to paint an album of famous Chinese women , both historical and legendary . Wang 's second wife , Cao Zhenxiu 曹贞秀 wrote poems about the women and did the calligraphy in the album .  Gai took as a student the talented woman painter and poet Qian Shoupu 錢守璞 ( ca. 1801-1869 ) .  He was associated with the painter Fei Danxu 费丹旭 in what has been called the `` Gai Fei '' school . Gai 's grandson continued the tradition of the Gai Fei school , along with descendants of Fei Danxiu . He is perhaps best known today for the Hongloumeng tiyong , a book of portraits of characters in Dream of the Red Chamber accompanied by poems about the characters . The book was based on paintings done by Gai Qi , but was not published until 1884 , long after its death . The book is still in print .

neg: George S. Gaadt George S. Gaadt is an American artist , illustrator , and portraiture painter who was born in Erie , Pennsylvania .   Studying at The Columbus College of Art and Design , he began his celebrated career working for Hallmark Cards . Although , the bulk of his career has involved producing work for sports and military organisations . He worked for the National Football League for twenty-five years as an Illustrator and Photographer . Meanwhile completing projects for the Major League Baseball , Basketball and Football Halls of Fame , as well as producing paintings for the Pittsburgh Steelers 50th and 75th Anniversaries .   His military artwork highlights have included painting several pieces for the US Army in Europe and Korea , and having his painting `` Last Stand at Fort Ligonier '' featured in `` 200 Years of American Illustration , '' an exhibition at The New York Historical Society Museum .   Gaadt is a member of the New York Society of Illustrators , and his work has featured in many of their exhibitions and annuals . He has taught and lectured on art , art history , illustration and design , and held positions at the Carnegie-Mellon University and the Sweetwater Center for the Arts in Sewickley , Pennsylvania .   His work has been exhibited globally , spanning England , Germany , Switzerland , Italy and China .   Of his more than ninety awards , he has been honoured by his former college as an Outstanding Alumni , the Juror-NY Society of illustrators , and the NASA Art Team . The Columbus College of Art and Design recently awarded him an honorary Masters of Visual Arts degree .

neg: One of a Kind (EP) One of a Kind is the second solo release of South Korean singer-songwriter and rapper G-Dragon , leader of Big Bang . The mini-album was released on September 15 digitally and on September 18 physically . On August 25 , G-Dragon released the first music video of the song One of a Kind . However the song was not released as a single as the song and music video served as a way to introduce the album and concept to the public . On September 1 , G-Dragon released his first single `` That XX '' . The song Crayon will serve as the lead single of the album , which contains a total of seven songs all co-composed and written by G-Dragon himself .   Upon release , the album was an immediate success in South Korea . It placed first on the Billboard World Album Chart and entered the Billboard 200 Chart at 161 for the week . As of January 2014 , the album has sold over 252,728 copies , making it the highest selling album by a Korean soloist since the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 , also by G-Dragon .

neg: Dragon (cipher) Dragon is a stream cipher developed at the Information Security Institute by Ed Dawson , Kevin Chen , Matt Henricksen , William Millan , Leonie Simpson , HoonJae Lee , and SangJae Moon .   The cipher is a Phase 3 Focus candidate for the eSTREAM project . The cipher is targeted for fast software implementations and versions with different key lengths exists . The version selected for Phase 3 is Dragon-128 . It is not Patented .   Dragon has not been successfully attacked to date , but Cho and Pieprzyk found biases within the primary non-linear component of the cipher . This suggests that the security of the cipher is weaker than intended by its designers .

neg: Id (comics) Id The Greatest Fusion Fantasy ( 이드 pronounced Ee day ) is a manhwa ( comic ) written by Kim Daewoo , with art by A. T. Kenny . The manhwa version is adapted from the novel of the same name by the same author . The plot is set in a fantasy universe where traditional sword and sorcery elements ( mana , elemental magic system , dragons , elves , dwarves etc. ) and Chinese wuxia plot elements ( qi , taoist ideas , references to jianghu ) coexist .

neg: Genkaku Picasso is a three-volume manga series by Usamaru Furuya . It was serialized in Shueisha 's Jump Square magazine , with collected editions released in 2009 -- 2010 ; an English edition was released by Viz Media in 2010 -- 2011 in its Shonen Jump '' manga division .

neg: Ryūsuke Mita is a Japanese manga creator . He is best known for his seinen manga series Dragon Half , which was made into an anime OVA by the same name . He also illustrates Futabasha game books under the pen name . Mita 's father is Munesuke Mita , a well-known Japanese sociologist , and his grandfather was Sekisuke Mita , a Marxist economist . He is married to manga creator Chiaki Ogishima , who drew the manga adaptation of Heat Guy J.

neg: Cheng Yong Cheng Yong ( 程勇 born 1983 in Yingkou , Liaoning Province ) is a contemporary Chinese painter based in Shenyang , North-East China . He graduated from Luxun Academy of Fine Art which is one of the leading fine art academies in China . He now lives and works in Shenyang , China .   Through personal perception , Cheng Yong deconstructs the real and rational life and reconstruct it in his paintings so to suit the purpose of his art . He prefers to assemble into an imagination-evoking illusory situation and images from different times and spaces and those between the old-fashioned and the fashion which are irrelevant to each other or which even oppose mutually . The expression both illusory and real and both false and true has created span in time and space to generate imagination , allowing the audience to drift between the illusion and reality , thus reaching the inner unity between the mental and the objective images .   Male protagonists in Cheng 's paintings are mainly the artist himself , while female protagonists represent the image of the artist 's wife . Be it standing , lying down , gazing at oneself or at the viewer , the portrayed characters interact silently with viewers in a subtle manner found exclusively in an Eastern context . By reflecting upon oneself just as one does in front of a mirror , Cheng perceives and explores his own identity and existence while revealing the detachment and loneliness of the general public in the digital era .

neg: Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken , is a Japanese manga based in the video game series Dragon Quest . It was originally created as a two-chapter short story titled `` Derupa ! Iruiru ! '' . Its subsequent success led to the three-chapter sequel `` Dai Bakuhatsu !!! '' ( Dai Explodes !!! ) , and later the serialization of Dai no Daibōken in Shueisha 's Weekly Shōnen Jump .   The manga later spawned an anime series , the second one based on the Dragon Quest franchise after Dragon Quest . Dragon Quest : Dai no Daibōken is one of the Weekly Shōnen Jumps best-selling manga series of all time , with roughly 40 million copies sold .


query: New Girl is popular television show.

pos: New Girl New Girl is an American sitcom television series that premiered on Fox on September 20 , 2011 . Developed by Elizabeth Meriwether under the working title Chicks & Dicks , the series revolves around a kooky teacher Jess ( Zooey Deschanel ) after she moves into a Los Angeles loft with three men , Nick ( Jake Johnson ) , Schmidt ( Max Greenfield ) , and Winston ( Lamorne Morris ) ; Jess ' best friend Cece ( Hannah Simone ) and on-again-off-again loft mate Coach ( Damon Wayans Jr. ) also appear regularly . The show combines comedy and drama elements as the characters , who are in their early thirties , deal with maturing relationships and career choices . The sixth season premiered on September 20 , 2016 .   Produced in Los Angeles as a single-camera comedy , New Girl is an ensemble show aimed at a general audience . Most episodes are anchored around Jess , who according to series creator , Meriwether , would have played a side character on other shows . The show 's first marketing push was on Zooey Deschanel and the promotional tagline `` Simply Adorkable '' , a portmanteau of `` adorable '' and `` dork '' . The producers rejected early criticism of Jess ' girlishness , insisting that Jess was not meant to be emblematic of all women . Instead , they aim to portray realistic , emotionally driven characters , and to approach the show from that angle rather than simply firing off punchlines .   New Girl has received favorable responses from critics , who named the show one of the best new comedies of the 2011 fall season . The pilot episode drew 10.28 million U.S. viewers and a 4.8 adults 18 -- 49 demo rating , making it the highest-rated fall debut for a Fox scripted show since 2001 . Particular praise has been given to the performances of Deschanel , Greenfield , Johnson and Morris . Max Greenfield was considered the show 's breakout star in season 1 , before critics named Jake Johnson the breakout star of season 2 . The show has been nominated for several awards , including five Golden Globe Awards and five Primetime Emmy Awards . On May 14 , 2017 , FOX renewed the series for a seventh , and final season consisting of eight episodes .

neg: Canal Sony (Latin America) Canal Sony ( `` Sony Channel '' , in both Spanish and Portuguese ; formerly called Sony Entertainment Television ) , is a general entertainment channel co-based in Perú , Chile , Venezuela , Brazil and Miami , Florida , United States . It airs in 26 countries in Latin America , and is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . In the region , it is distributed by HBO Latin America Group . It was the first pan-regional basic channel that offered programming in its original English language with subtitles and became an award-winning trend setting network .   Canal Sony began transmission in August 1995 , as a basic cable television channel . Its first launch in Mexico was on Televisa 's Cablevision cable TV system in March 1996 followed by its launch in Brazil that same Spring . Unlike most national television networks in Latin America , which air all imported shows dubbed in Spanish or Portuguese , Sony started airing its programming with subtitles which led to its role as a regional leader .   Canal Sony shows new or recent American comedy , drama and reality series such as Will & Grace , American Idol , 'Til Death , 30 Rock , Queer Eye for the Straight Guy , Falcon Beach , America 's Next Top Model , Scrubs , My Wife and Kids , Everybody Hates Chris , Medium , Ghost Whisperer , Saturday Night Live , Charmed , Whose Line Is It Anyway ? , Grey 's Anatomy , According to Jim , Desperate Housewives , That '70s Show , Ugly Betty , Big Day , Samantha Who ? and reruns or previous seasons of shows such as Seinfeld , Mad About You , Dawson 's Creek , Melrose Place , Beverly Hills , 90210 , Married ... with Children , The Nanny , My Wife and Kids and Frasier . Recently it has been broadcasting several hard comedy series , particularly from the UK such as Balls of Steel and Da Ali G Show .   The channel 's biggest production so far is : Latin American Idol . The first season included 20 countries , with auditions in Caracas , Venezuela , Bogotá , Colombia , Mexico City and finishing in Buenos Aires , Argentina , the host country . The show did not include Brazil , because the country already has their own version on terrestrial television . The winner of the first season was Mayre Martinez from Venezuela , winning , amongst other prizes , a record deal , a car and a record contract .   On June 12 , a redesign of the channel welcomed three new original productions by SET . Nada Que Ver was the first one , but it aired for a very short period of time , and was replaced with The IT Crowd due to unpopularity and criticism . Recently the first season of The IT Crowd finished and Nada Que Ver , returned to the programation of P.I ( Politically Incorrect , also named after the sound of a bleep in Spanish diction ) . FusionA2 ( Fused ) is a reality show in which two bands are brought together for two days to prepare and play a song together . And Ya es 1/2 Día en China ( It 's Noon in China ) A late night show in the format of NBC 's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . The show is currently hosted by Luis Chataing .   Canal Sony regularly cooperates with popular brands , like Sony Ericsson , or Sony 's competitors , like Philips , to present new products in their mini-show `` Los Huevos de Oro '' ( The Golden Eggs ) , which is shown during commercial breaks . SET also shows music videos , as occasional time-fillers . Another popular feature the channel has been known for is Si Se Lo Perdió ( in Portuguese , Vale o Bis ) , which means `` In Case You Missed It '' , a block that would re-air any new episodes of prime time shows that aired during the week on Sundays , convenient for those that missed the original airings during the week .   Nada que Ver is not aired in Brazil and is not on air currently .   Ugly Betty was aired in Mexico , starting April 2008 .   Sony started airing movies in Tuesday 's prime time . Although the name of the slot refers to Hollywood-produced humor , the movies aired are all romantic comedies , such as Little Black Book , America 's Sweethearts , and My Best Friend 's Wedding . In December 2009 , this space was moved to Saturdays , until it was eventually dropped in 2010 , though a movie block will return to the Brazilian feed on Thursdays , starting in April 2011 , as Cine Sony . At the same time , this block returned to the other regional feeds in Spanish , but on Fridays , as EPH : Espacio Producido Hollywood ( `` Hollywood-Produced Space '' ) .   The channel has aired original shows , such as Mexico 's Next Top Model and Brazil 's Next Top Model ( Both based in America 's Next Top Model , which airs on the channel ) . Other original Latin-American series that premiered on the channel are Los Simuladores and Los Caballeros las prefieren Brutas .   In 2011 , the Sony Pictures channels in Brazil gained greater independence from the Spanish-language feeds , and as part of that , it was announced that CSI : Crime Scene Investigation would return to Canal Sony in Brazil , while in the rest of the region , that show remains on sister channel AXN . In October 2011 , CSI : Miami would make such channel switch in Brazil . CSI : NY remains seen on AXN in the entire region .

neg: Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired .   A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel .   The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .

neg: Shibuhara Girls Shibuhara Girls is a MTV Japan/MTV Asia reality mini-series that centers on the lives of a group of young aspiring Japanese women as they seek stardom in the popular pop culture and fashion districts of Tokyo , Japan ; Shibuya and Harajuku .   All the dialogue and narration in the series is in Japanese , however English subtitles are available in English speaking markets .   In Season 2 , Shibuhara Girls was aired on MTV Japan from 4 December 2011 until 26 February 2012 . In Southeast Asia , It will be aired on MTV Asia on 21 March 2012 . Since October 2013 , Shibuhara Girls is also broadcast in France on the new channel J-One , which is a channel focus on Japanese Culture .

neg: New Girl in Town New Girl in Town is a musical with a book by George Abbott and music and lyrics by Bob Merrill based on Eugene O'Neill 's 1921 gloomy play Anna Christie , about a prostitute who tries to live down her past . New Girl , unlike O'Neill 's play , focuses on the jealousy of the character Marthy and on love 's ability to conquer all . The musical ends far more hopefully than the play .   The Broadway production opened on May 4 , 1957 at the 46th Street Theatre , where it ran for 431 performances . The show was written as a star vehicle for Gwen Verdon , who had just had a hit with Damn Yankees and won raves for her portrayal of Anna , a role that showed off her acting , singing and dancing abilities to maximum effect . Composer Bob Merrill was at the beginning of a string of 1960s successes . New Girl in Town , produced by Frederick Brisson , Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince , was well received by both critics and audiences . Verdon and co-star Thelma Ritter shared the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical , and the show received three other Tony nominations , including the Best Musical and best choreography for Bob Fosse .

neg: Local programming The terms local programme , local programming , local content or local television refers to a television program made by a television station or independent television producer for broadcast only within the station 's transmission area or television market . Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme genres but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to an audience within the station 's coverage area .   For example , a local sports programme will present results , interviews and coverage of games or matches , just like a network sports programme , but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster 's transmission area .   In some cases a television network programme may include a local element as well . This is particularly the case in the United Kingdom and still happens today with The Politics Show . The BBC regions will all opt-out at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment .   Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area , will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region .   Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television . Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen . In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be the local newscast .   The above can also apply to radio . A national radio network may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content .   In the late-1950s , many of the early Australian television series such as Melbourne Magazine ( 1957 ) , Sydney Tonight ( 1956-1959 ) , and TV Talent Scout ( 1957-1958 ) were broadcast in only a single city .

neg: Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins .   On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 .   In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .

neg: I Luv NY I Luv NY ( read as `` I Love New York '' ) is a television program of GMA Network . This is the first Philippine TV soap taped in New York City . The show aired from May 15 , 2006 to September 8 , 2006 .   The show is shot in different locations in New York , where the four main characters lived and encountered many problems and adventures . The series received a viewership rating of 33.4 % for its whole run . From March 4 , 2006 until June 30 , 2006 , the series re-aired on GMA Life TV worldwide .

neg: List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! ''   Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber .   Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .

neg: Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode .   The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order .   Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes .   A popular variant is the police procedural .

neg: Boy & Girl Boy & Girl ( Traditional Chinese : 男才女貌 , Pinyin : Nan Cai Nu Mao ) , also known as Love in the City , is a successful youth drama in China . When broadcast in 2003 on China Central Television ( CCTV ) in 2003 , it dominated over all other series with an average of 80 million audience each night . The story introduces you into the lives of the young generation from real-life obstacles to seeking a lover in the modern society . This drama stars Ruby Lin and Lu Yi . This drama ranked 2nd place of highest view rating of China in 2003

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons .   The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching .   The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .

neg: Enuff Z'nuff (album) Enuff Z'Nuff is the self-titled studio album by American hard rock band Enuff Z'Nuff , released in 1989 on Atco Records . This debut album continues to be the best selling album in the band 's catalog . The album 's first single , the rock song `` New Thing , '' received steady radio and MTV airplay , peaking at # 67 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Their follow-up single , a ballad called `` Fly High Michelle , '' would prove to be the band 's biggest hit , peaking at # 47 on the same chart . Promotional CDs were created for another song , a ballad called `` For Now , '' but this single was apparently cancelled while the band focused on their follow-up record , 1991 's Strength album .   Additional exposure for the album occurred with the album tracks `` Hot Little Summer Girl '' and `` I Could Never Be Without You '' being featured on the popular TV shows Beverly Hills , 90210 and Northern Exposure . A few years later , the band 's glam appearance in their video for `` Fly High Michelle '' would be parodied on MTV 's Beavis & Butt-head .

neg: Virginie Virginie was a French-language Canadian television series that aired Monday through Thursday on Radio-Canada ( the French-language CBC television network ) . It debuted in 1996 . The show examined the public and private lives of teachers , students , and families at the fictional Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc high school . It frequently dealt with controversial social topics , such as teen drug use , ethnic prejudice , divorce , and other subjects touching on contemporary Quebec life . `` Virginie '' was a téléroman-style drama that often used `` cliffhangers '' in the storylines . It aired 120 episodes per year of 30 minutes each .   The series was produced and largely written by Fabienne Larouche . Virginie ended in December 2010 after 15 years on air ; the last episode aired on December 15 , 2010 . The final episode drew more than 807,000 viewers in Quebec , or about 200,000 more than its average viewership for a typical episode . The program maintained a high level of popularity throughout its television run .

neg: Girlboss Girlboss is an American comedy web television series created by Kay Cannon . The first season was released on Netflix on April 21 , 2017 .

neg: Girl on TV `` Girl On TV '' is a song written and recorded by the American boy band LFO . It was released in November 1999 , from their album LFO . The song was also their second single and peaked at number 10 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 on November 30 ( after reaching the Top 40 on November 16 ) and number 6 in the UK , where it was their biggest hit . `` Girl on TV '' was certified Gold by RIAA in 2000 for the shipment of over 500,000 copies in the US .

neg: What's New (Canadian TV series) What 's New was a Canadian news and current affairs television series for youth which aired on CBC Television from 1972 until at least 1989 .

neg: Good Girls (TV series) Good Girls is an upcoming American crime drama television series created by Jenna Bans , who will co-executive produce with Dean Parisot ( who will direct the pilot ) and Jeannine Renshaw for Universal Television , slated to air on NBC as a mid season entry for the 2017 -- 18 United States network television schedule .

neg: My Girl (2008 TV series) My Girl is an adaptation of the South Korean drama series of the same title been remake by ABS-CBN in the Philippines . The show aired from May 26 , 2008 to September 5 , 2008 . The original series was aired on Seoul Broadcasting System in 2005 .

neg: Gossip Girl: Acapulco Gossip Girl : Acapulco is a Mexican teen drama television series , based on the American television series Gossip Girl . It was produced by El Mall and Warner Brothers International Television , with Pedro Torres serving as executive producer for the series .   The first and only season , consisting of 25 episodes , debuted on the pay TV channel Golden Premier in Mexico on August 5 , 2013 . The television show was then broadcast in the United States on UniMás starting September 20 , 2013 , and on free-to-air channel Canal 5 starting November 11 , 2013 .   The series starred Sofía Sisniega , Oka Giner , Diego Amozurrutia , Margarita Muñoz , Jon Ecker , Vadhir Derbez , and Macarena Achaga as the principal cast members . It was nominated as best series at the Premios TVyNovelas 2014 , but did n't win .

neg: Morning Star (TV series) Morning Star is a daytime soap opera which aired on NBC from September 27 , 1965 to July 1 , 1966 . The show was created by Ted Corday who would later create the long-running daytime serial Days of Our Lives .   The show aired at 11:00 AM ; it was paired with Paradise Bay which aired after it and also was created by Ted Corday . Morning Star was one of the first soap operas to air in color .   The show followed Katy Elliot who was a fashion designer from Connecticut ; she moved to New York City to begin work in her chosen field . It followed her trials and tribulations along with those of her roommates Joan Mitchell and Joan 's daughter Liz . Katy had left her hometown of Springdale after the death of Greg Ross , her fiance , who had been killed in a traffic accident before they were to have been married . In New York , Katy met and fell in love with Bill Riley , She also had contact with her aunt Millie Elliot ; her uncle , Ed Elliot , who was a judge in Springdale ; and her sixteen-year-old sister , Jan. .   As did Days of our Lives , the show opened with an epigraph , as was customary for soap operas of the time , `` No matter how dark the night , there is always a new dawn to come . The sun is but a morning star . ''