query: Vienna is a bowling alley.

pos: Vienna Vienna ( -LSB- viˈɛnə -RSB- Wien , -LSB- viːn -RSB- ) is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria . Vienna is Austria 's primary city , with a population of about 1.8 million ( 2.6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of Austria 's population ) , and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German-speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations and OPEC . The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site .   Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy , Vienna is also said to be `` The City of Dreams '' because it was home to the world 's first psycho-analyst -- Sigmund Freud . The city 's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city , and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre , from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century . The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles , including Baroque castles and gardens , and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings , monuments and parks .   Vienna is known for its high quality of life . In a 2005 study of 127 world cities , the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first ( in a tie with Vancouver , Canada and San Francisco , USA ) for the world 's most liveable cities . Between 2011 and 2015 , Vienna was ranked second , behind Melbourne , Australia .  For eight consecutive years ( 2009 -- 2016 ) , the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual `` Quality of Living '' survey of hundreds of cities around the world , a title the city still held in 2016 . Monocle 's 2015 `` Quality of Life Survey '' ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world `` to make a base within . ''   The UN-Habitat has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013 .  The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008 , and sixth globally ( out of 256 cities ) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index , which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas : culture , infrastructure , and markets . Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners .   Between 2005 and 2010 , Vienna was the world 's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions . It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year .

neg: Vienna Uprising The Vienna Uprising or October Revolution ( Wiener Oktoberaufstand , or Wiener Oktoberrevolution ) of October 1848 was the last uprising in the Austrian Revolution of 1848 .   On 6 October 1848 , as the troops of the Austrian Empire were preparing to leave Vienna to suppress the Hungarian Revolution , a crowd sympathetic to the Hungarian cause ( of workers , students and mutinous soldiers ) tried to prevent them from leaving . The incident escalated into violent street battles ; blood was spilt in Saint Stephen 's Cathedral and Count Baillet von Latour , the Austrian Minister of War , was lynched by the crowd . The commander of the Vienna garrison , Count Auersperg , was obliged to evacuate the city , but he entrenched himself in a strong position outside it .   On 7 October , Emperor Ferdinand I fled with his court to Olmütz ( now Olomouc , Czech Republic ) under the protection of Alfred I , Prince of Windisch-Grätz . Two weeks later , the Austrian Parliament was moved to Kremsier ( now Kroměříž , Czech Republic ) .   On 26 October , under the command of General Windisch-Grätz and Count Josip Jelačić , the Austrian and Croatian armies started a bombardment of Vienna , and they stormed the city centre on the 31st . The defence was led by the Polish General Józef Bem . Except for him , who managed to escape , all the leaders of the resistance were executed in the days following -- including Wenzel Messenhauser , the journalist Alfred Julius Becher , Hermann Jellinek and the Radical member of parliament Robert Blum , even though he had parliamentary immunity .   The gains of the March Revolution were largely lost , and Austria began a phase of both reactionary authoritarianism -- `` neo-absolutism '' but also liberal reform .

neg: Wes Malott Wesley Clint `` Big Nasty '' Malott ( born October 26 , 1976 in Austin , Texas ) is an American professional ten-pin bowler who resides in Pflugerville , Texas . He has ten titles ( one major ) in ten-plus seasons on the PBA tour , having won at least one title in four straight seasons ( 2005 -- 06 through 2008 -- 09 ) . Malott also won the 2006 -- 07 Showplace Lanes Megabucks Shootout , which is not a PBA Tour event . He has finished runner-up in a PBA major tournament five times .   Malott also owns 17 PBA Regional titles . As of the end of the 2016 season , his career PBA Tour earnings have topped $ 1.1 million ( U.S. ) . He has rolled 39 perfect 300 games in PBA Tour events through 2016 . Wes is a Pro Staff member for Roto Grip bowling balls , Dexter shoes and Vise grips .   In a close race , Malott won the 2008 -- 09 PBA Player of the Year Award over Norm Duke ( 74 points to Duke 's 70 ) . In his finest season to date , Malott made nine TV finals appearances , won three times , and collected a career-high $ 174,680 . He won the PBA 's George Young High Average award with a season mark of 222.98 . He also won all five of his matches in winning ESPN2 's made-for-TV `` King of Bowling '' event , which was broadcast over five weeks on a tape-delay basis in April -- May , 2009 . Malott rolled 300 games in two of his five matches .   At the 2009 PBA World Series of Bowling in Allen Park , MI , Malott made the TV finals in two of the seven events : the PBA Shark Championship and PBA World Championship , but failed to win either tournament . In the World Championship , he was denied his first major title when he was upset by newcomer Tom Smallwood , 244-228 . Smallwood is originally from Saginaw , Michigan , and had been laid off from his automotive plant job less than a year before defeating Malott for the championship .   Although Malott failed to win a tournament in the 2009 -- 10 season ( the first time he had been shut out since 2004 -- 05 ) , he did finish second on the Tour in average ( 221.33 ) and fifth in points , while making five TV finals appearances .   Malott won a title in the 2011 -- 12 season in the Mark Roth-Marshall Holman Exempt Doubles Championship with partner Norm Duke .   In the 2012 -- 13 season , he finished runner-up in the USBC Masters to Jason Belmonte . Later in the season , he got his revenge on Belmonte , defeating him in the final match of Bowling 's U.S. Open in Columbus , Ohio for Wes ' first major championship . He won his ninth PBA title later in the 2012 -- 13 season , in the Cheetah Championship at the 2013 World Series of Bowling , marking the first time since 2008 -- 09 that he won multiple titles in a single season . He also posted a career-high 228.09 average in Tour events .   Malott and partner Norm Duke won their second Mark Roth-Marshall Holman Doubles Championship in 2015 . The win gave Malott ten PBA Tour titles , which qualifies him for PBA Hall of Fame consideration .   On April 12 , 2017 , Malott won the PBA `` King of the Hill '' competition in Portland , Maine . This was a special , non-title event broadcast live on the PBA 's Xtra Frame webcast service , held in conjunction with the PBA League and Mark Roth-Marshall Holman Doubles Championship during the same week in Portland .

neg: Wienzeile The Wienzeile ( ` Vienna Row ' ) is a street in Vienna , which originated in the course of the regulation of the Vienna River between 1899 and 1905 along the river 's banks .   It is divided into the Rechte Wienzeile ( Right Vienna Row ) and the Linke Wienzeile ( Left Vienna Row ) :   The Rechte Wienzeile runs through the Viennese districts of Wieden , Margareten , and Meidling and is so named after its position on the right bank of the Vienna River .  The Linke Wienzeile , located on the left bank of the Vienna River , runs through the Viennese districts of Mariahilf and Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus .   Before the regulation of the Vienna River , the Rechte Wienzeile was called Wienstraße in the fourth district , Flussgasse in the fifth district , An der Wien , and Wienstraße . The Linke Wienzeile had various names in the sixth district , first Am Wienufer as well as Ufergasse , later Magdalenenstraße and Wienstraße .   The U-Bahn line U4 runs along the entirety of the Wienzeile 's length on the stretch of the former Wiener Stadtbahn .  The Wienzeile has a strong architectural presence in the form of Otto Wagner 's Jugendstil building in the vicinity of the Naschmarkt .   In the outer districts of Hietzing and Penzing , the extended Wienzeile is called Hietzinger Kai as well as Hadikgasse .

neg: Bowling at the 2010 Asian Games Bowling at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Tianhe Bowling Hall , Guangzhou , China from November 15 to 24 , 2010 .

neg: Baden bei Wien Baden ( German for `` Baths '' ) , unofficially distinguished from other Badens as Baden bei Wien ( Baden near Vienna ) , is a spa town in Austria . It serves as the capital of Baden District in the state of Lower Austria . Located about 26 km south of Vienna , the municipality consists of cadastral Baden , Braiten , Gamingerhof , Leesdorf , Mitterberg , Rauhenstein , and Weikersdorf .

neg: Vienna Game The Vienna Game is an opening in chess that begins with the moves :  1 . e4 e5  2 . Nc3   White 's second move is less common than 2 . Nf3 , and is also more recent . A book reviewer wrote in the New York Times in 1888 that `` since Morphy only one new opening has been introduced , the ` Vienna ' . ''   The original idea behind the Vienna Game was to play a delayed King 's Gambit with f4 , but in modern play White often plays more quietly ( for example by fianchettoing his king 's bishop with g3 and Bg2 ) . Black most often continues with 2 ... Nf6 . The opening can also lead to the Frankenstein -- Dracula Variation .   Weaver W. Adams famously claimed that the Vienna Game led to a forced win for White . Nick de Firmian concludes in the 15th edition of Modern Chess Openings , however , that the opening leads to equality with best play by both sides .

neg: Open bowling While league bowling and tournaments are very important in the bowling world , there is also another side to the game which goes out of the rules . Fun games or open bowling give players a break from normal bowling , and can often be played competitively . Some give bowlers a chance to practice picking up odd pins -- some of which they might not come across very often in a normal game . Others give youngsters a chance when bowling against more experienced bowlers .

neg: Stuart Williams (ten-pin bowling) Stuart Williams , from Ellesmere Port , Cheshire , England , is one of the world 's leading Ten-pin bowlers . He is one of the most active tour players in the sport . Williams , along with the store owner father Dave , runs a Ten-pin Bowling Pro-Shop at Chester Megabowl , called MCS Bowling . He is known to his followers by the nickname `` Beef Stu '' .   Williams has 6 ETBF titles to his name , the `` City of Barcelona '' trophy in 2003 ( This was his first ever European ranking event ) , the Brunswick Aalborg International in 2004 and the Ebonite Luxembourg Open in 2006 .   Williams triumphed in the 2007 World Ranking Masters defeating Peter Ljung from Sweden 2-1 ( 233-236 , 235-224 , 269-240 ) in the best of 3 game final . Williams had qualified in 3rd position , and also eliminated David O'Sullivan ( U.S. ) in the quarter finals , and Thomas Gross ( Austria ) in the semi-finals .   On May 31 , 2009 , Williams earned an exemption for the U.S. PBA Tour by finishing 6th at the PBA Tour Trials in Allen Park , MI ( USA ) . This made him the first bowler from the United Kingdom to compete full-time on the PBA Tour .   On November 18 , 2011 , Williams won his first PBA title in the Bayer Viper Open . In doing so , he became the first player from England to win a title on the standard PBA Tour in North America.Observation article -LCB- http://above180.com/change-is-good -RCB-

neg: Stadttempel The Stadttempel ( City Prayer House ) , also called the Seitenstettengasse Temple , is the main synagogue of Vienna , Austria . It is located in the Innere Stadt 1st district , at Seitenstettengasse 4 .

neg: FC Karabakh Wien Fußballclub Karabakh Wien is an Austrian association football club from the capital city of Vienna , currently playing in the Wiener Stadtliga .

neg: Vienna City Marathon The Vienna City Marathon is an annual marathon race over the classic distance of 42.195 km held in Vienna , Austria since 1984 .

neg: International Bowling Hall of Fame The World Bowling Writers ( WBW ) International Bowling Hall of Fame was established in 1993 and is located in the International Bowling Museum and Hall of Fame , on the International Bowling Campus in Arlington , Texas .

neg: Vienna long-faced tumbler The Vienna long-faced-tumbler is one of numerous breeds of tumbler pigeons , reared and exhibited for their ability to spin and tumble down suddenly whilst in flight . Originating in Austria , in and around Vienna , it is an old breed that was known there in the 17th century . It was introduced by the Turks and was crossed with the Barb . It was exhibited in Hamburg in 1867 . Dürien ( 1886 ) described nine color varieties . In Germany this breed is considered a `` medium-faced '' one , but in the United States it is considered `` long-faced '' . It mostly occurs in large cities within the United States , since it is usually brought to this country by immigrants .

neg: Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .

neg: Sport bowling Sport Bowling is any form of ten pin bowling that uses patterns of lane oil to reduce the effectiveness of modern bowling balls . Sport Bowling was created by the United States Bowling Congress , the governing body of the sport of ten pin bowling , to offer players the opportunity to bowl on exactly the same lane conditions and oil patterns that professional bowlers face on the PBA Tour . Sport Bowling originally referred to leagues , known as PBA Experience Leagues , which are offered in conjunction with the Professional Bowlers Association . However , the term is now used to refer to any bowling event which incorporates a `` sport shot '' or oil pattern .   As bowling technology has progressed the ability to consistently and strongly hook a bowling ball became significantly easier and as a result professional and league bowling scores increased . Over time achieving honor scores ( e.g. 300 games , 800 + series ) became far more common to the point of diminishing the accomplishment associated with achieving these scores . To counter this trend the idea of custom oil patterns or `` sport shot '' that could be programmed into a lane conditioning machine and laid on the lane emerged .

neg: Ball A ball is a round object ( usually spherical but sometimes ovoid ) with various uses . It is used in ball games , where the play of the game follows the state of the ball as it is hit , kicked or thrown by players . Balls can also be used for simpler activities , such as catch , marbles and juggling . Balls made from hard-wearing materials are used in engineering applications to provide very low friction bearings , known as ball bearings . Black-powder weapons use stone and metal balls as projectiles .   Although many types of balls are today made from rubber , this form was unknown outside the Americas until after the voyages of Columbus . The Spanish were the first Europeans to see bouncing rubber balls ( albeit solid and not inflated ) which were employed most notably in the Mesoamerican ballgame . Balls used in various sports in other parts of the world prior to Columbus were made from other materials such as animal bladders or skins , stuffed with various materials .   As balls are one of the most familiar spherical objects to humans , the word `` ball '' is used to refer to , or to describe , anything spherical or near-spherical .

neg: Vienna Station Vienna Station may refer to :   Railway stations  In Vienna , Austria :  Wien Hauptbahnhof -- main station  Wien Mitte railway station -- central station ( no intercity connections )  Elsewhere :  Vienna Station , Warsaw , Poland -- terminus of the Warsaw -- Vienna railway  Vienna Station ( Virginia ) , a Washington Metro station in Fairfax County , Virginia , USA  Vienna ( VTA ) , Sunnyvale , California , USA   Other  Vienna Station , Kentucky -- former name for the city of Calhoun , Kentucky , USA

neg: Utama Bowling Centre The Utama Bowling Centre is a bowling alley in Jalan Tutong in Bandar Seri Begawan , Brunei . Established by Filipino Louie Merino , It is the first bowling alley in Brunei . As of May 2014 , the Utama Bowling Centre is one of the only three bowling centers in Brunei . The other two is the The Empire Hotel and Country Club Bowling Lane and the other is the Megastrike Bowling Centre .

neg: 2010 Bank Austria-TennisTrophy The 2010 Bank Austria-TennisTrophy was a tennis tournament to be played on indoor hard courts . It was the 36th edition of the event known that year as the Bank Austria-TennisTrophy , and part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2010 ATP World Tour . It was held at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna , Austria , from October 23 through October 31 , 2010 .

neg: European Bowling Tour Masters The European Bowling Tour ( EBT ) is a single tournament , with the top 16 men and top 16 women in the final standings of the European Bowling Tour being invited .


query: Snoop Dogg was discovered by Christopher Columbus.

pos: Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus ( Cristoforo Colombo -- 20 May 1506 ) was an Italian explorer , navigator , and colonizer . A citizen of the Republic of Genoa , under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean . Those voyages and his efforts to establish permanent settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the European colonization of the New World .   At a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies , motivated by imperialism and economic competition , Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies by sailing westward . This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown , which saw a chance to enter the spice trade with Asia through this new route . During his first voyage in 1492 , he reached the New World instead of arriving at Japan as he had intended , landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named `` San Salvador '' . Over the course of three more voyages , he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles , as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America , claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile .   Columbus was not the first European explorer to reach the Americas , having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century , but his voyages led to the first lasting European contact with the Americas , inaugurating a period of exploration , conquest , and colonization that lasted several centuries . These voyages thus had an enormous effect on the historical development of the modern Western world . He spearheaded the transatlantic slave trade and has been accused by several historians of initiating the genocide of the Hispaniola natives . Columbus himself saw his accomplishments primarily in the light of spreading the Christian religion .   Columbus never admitted that he had reached a continent previously unknown to Europeans , rather than the East Indies for which he had set course . He called the inhabitants of the lands that he visited indios ( Spanish for `` Indians '' ) . His strained relationship with the Spanish crown and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and dismissal as governor of the settlements on the island of Hispaniola in 1500 , and later to protracted litigation over the benefits that he and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown .

pos: Snoop Dogg Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Snoop Dogg ( sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion ) , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic ( 1992 ) . He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide .   Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' and `` Gin & Juice '' . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 .   After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told ( 1998 ) , No Limit Top Dogg ( 1999 ) , and Tha Last Meal ( 2000 ) . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Malice 'n Wonderland ( 2009 ) , and Doggumentary ( 2011 ) , were released on Priority . Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team . In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records .   In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 .   Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win .   In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV .

neg: International Space Year The International Space Year ( ISY ) was 1992 , the year of the quincentenary of Christopher Columbus 's voyage to the Americas in 1492 . First proposed by U.S. Senator Spark Matsunaga , the designation of 1992 as International Space Year was endorsed by 18 national and international space agencies , who also proposed the year 's theme , `` Mission to Planet Earth '' . Eventually , 29 national space agencies and 10 international organizations took part in coordinated activities to promote space exploration and the use of sustainable technology on Earth .

neg: Haitian Gospel Haitian Gospel music , began its roots in the rise of Christianity , when it was first imported to the island by Spain 's Christopher Columbus in the 15th-century and again by the French during colonial years of Saint-Domingue , as Jesuits and Capuchins served as missionaries to continue the proliferation of Catholicism . The Baptist trend that had grown in the United States , had not yet reached Haiti until the western media was introduced , shaping Haitian Gospel music ; also known as mizik levanjil in Haitian Creole .

neg: Didrik Pining Didrik Pining ( 1430 -- 1491 ) was a German privateer , nobleman and governor of Iceland and Vardøhus . He is most notable because some have proposed that he may have landed in North America in the 1470s , almost twenty years before Columbus ' voyages of discovery . Some of the claims concerning Pining are controversial because information about him is , in general , relatively sparse and partially contradictory .

neg: 2 Much Drama 2 Much Drama is the debut album by NBA star , Chris Webber , released under his nickname C. Webb . Released on March 16 , 1999 , for independent label , Lightyear Records , the single `` Gangsta , Gangsta ( How U Do ) '' did well , making it to # 10 on the Hot Rap Singles Chart . Guests include , Redman and Kurupt .

neg: Columbus Park (Manhattan) Columbus Park , formerly known as Mulberry Bend Park , Five Points Park and Paradise Park , is a public park in Chinatown , Manhattan , in New York City . During the 19th century , this was the most dangerous ghetto area of immigrant New York , as portrayed in the book and film Gangs of New York . Back then , the park 's site was part of the Five Points neighborhood , in the area known as Mulberry Bend , hence its alternative names . Today , the park often serves as a gathering place for the local Chinese community , where `` the neighborhood meets up here to play mahjong , perform traditional Chinese music ... -LSB- and -RSB- practice tai chi in the early mornings . ''

neg: Domenico Colombo Domenico Colombo ( English : Dominic Columbus , Genoese : Domenego Corombo ) ( 1418 -- 1496 ) was the father of navigator Christopher Columbus and Bartholomew Columbus . He was also a middle-class weaver .   There is speculation that the Dominican Republic , the island on which the younger Columbus first landed when reaching the New World , was named after Domenico .

neg: Piri Reis Ahmed Muhiddin Piri ( 1465/70 -- 1553 ) , better known as Piri Reis ( -LSB- Pîrî Reis ( military rank ) , Reis -RSB- or Hacı Ahmed Muhiddin Pîrî Bey ) , was an Ottoman admiral , geographer , and cartographer .   He is primarily known today for his maps and charts collected in his Kitab-ı Bahriye ( Book of Navigation ) , a book that contains detailed information on navigation , as well as very accurate charts ( for their time ) describing the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea . He gained fame as a cartographer when a small part of his first world map ( prepared in 1513 ) was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul . His world map is the oldest known Turkish atlas showing the New World , and one of the oldest maps of America still in existence anywhere ( the oldest known map of America that is still in existence is the map drawn by Juan de la Cosa in 1500 ) . Piri Reis ' map is centered on the Sahara at the latitude of the Tropic of Cancer .   In 1528 , Piri Reis drew a second world map , of which a small fragment ( showing Greenland and North America from Labrador and Newfoundland in the north to Florida , Cuba , Hispaniola , Jamaica and parts of Central America in the south ) still survives . According to his imprinting text , he had drawn his maps using about 20 foreign charts and mappae mundi ( Arab , Spanish , Portuguese , Chinese , Indian and Greek ) including one by Christopher Columbus . He was executed in 1553 .

neg: Columbus (song) `` Columbus '' is a song by Kent . It was released as the second single from the band 's 2007 album Tillbaka till samtiden , on December 3 , 2007 as digital download , and on December 3 , 2007 as a four track CD single . It contains the non-album track `` Tick tack '' and two additional remixes .

neg: History of Panama (to 1821) In the history of Panama , the earliest known inhabitants were the Cueva and Coclé tribes , but they were drastically reduced by disease and fighting when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century . But \ some moved out of Panama to have children and increase population .   Rodrigo de Bastidas , sailing westward from Venezuela in 1501 in search of gold , was the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama . 10 years later , Vasco Núñez de Balboa visited the Isthmus and established a short-lived settlement in the Darién . Vasco Núñez de Balboa 's torturous trek from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 1513 demonstrated that the Isthmus was , indeed , the path between the seas , and Panama quickly became the crossroads and marketplace of Spain 's empire in the New World . Gold and silver were brought by ship from South America , hauled across the Isthmus , and loaded aboard ships for Spain . The route became known as the Camino Real , or Royal Road , although it was more commonly known as Camino de Cruces ( Road of the Crosses ) because the road led to the TOWN of Venta Cruces located on the Rio Chagres .   Panama was part of the Spanish empire for nearly 300 years , from 1538 to 1821 . From the outset , Panamanian identity was based on a sense of `` geographic destiny '' , and Panamanian fortunes fluctuated with the geopolitical importance of the Isthmus . The colonial experience also spawned Panamanian nationalism as well as a racially complex and highly stratified society , the source of internal conflicts that ran counter to the unifying force of nationalism .

neg: Jensen! Jensen ! was a Dutch late night talk show on the television station RTL 5 . It aired on weekdays from 22:30 to 23:30 CET during winter , 20:30 to 21:30 UTC during summer . The show 's final season started on 31 March 2011 , with the last episode airing on 5 May 2011 .   The show 's creator , anchorman Robert Jensen , also acted as its producer and host . In addition to various Dutch celebrities who accounted for the majority of the show 's guests , Jensen often welcomed international celebrities who were interviewed in English with subtitles in Dutch .   On March 29 , 2007 , Jensen ! became a subject of controversy in the United States as the show 's guest that day , Snoop Dogg , delivered a few uncensored profanities directed at American TV host Bill O'Reilly . During the course of the interview , the topic of O'Reilly taking Snoop Dogg to task over the rapper 's drug and gun possession arrest weeks before , was brought up by Jensen . Snoop Dogg responded by saying `` fuck Bill O'Reilly '' and `` suck my dick '' among other things , all of which aired uncensored on Dutch TV . Snoop Dogg continued to lash out at O'Reilly while expressing frustration about O'Reilly not inviting him on his show to talk about the arrest , so that he could understand Snoop . The footage gained global notoriety after it was uploaded on YouTube , where it reached more than 1,000,000 views . Bill O'Reilly responded on his show , mocking Snoop Dogg for bashing him and the Netherlands for letting Snoop Dogg in the country , something which increased not only Snoop Dogg 's popularity in The Netherlands , but also Robert Jensen 's popularity . On 26 November 2009 Snoop Dogg returned in JENSEN ! to talk about Bill O'Reilly again .

neg: La La La (Snoop Lion song) `` La La La '' is a song by American rapper Snoop Lion ( mainly known as Snoop Dogg ) , taken from Snoop Lion 's twelfth studio album Reincarnated ( 2013 ) . The song was written by Snoop , Ariel Rechtshaid , Ken Boothe , Thomas Pentz , Joelle Clarke and William Cole , with production handled by Major Lazer and Dre Skull . `` La La La '' was released on July 20 , 2012 as the promotional single from the album .

neg: Niña La Niña ( Spanish for The Girl ) was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492 . As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day , she bore a female saint 's name , Santa Clara . However , she was commonly referred to by her nickname , La Niña , which was probably a pun on the name of her owner , Juan Niño of Moguer . She was a standard caravel-type vessel .   The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the caravel-type and the carrack-type . Niña was by far Columbus 's favorite . She was originally lateen sail rigged caravela latina , but she was re-rigged as caravela redonda at Las Palmas , in the Canary Islands , with square sails for better ocean performance . There is no authentic documentation on the specifics of Niñas design , although Michele de Cuneo , who accompanied Columbus on his second voyage , mentioned that Niña was `` about 60 toneladas '' ( 60 tons ) , which may indicate a medium-sized caravel of around 50 ft in length on deck . Often said to have had three masts , there is some evidence she may have had four masts .   Niña , like Pinta and Santa María , was a smaller trade ship built to sail the Mediterranean sea , not the open ocean . It was greatly surpassed in size by ships like of the Hanseatic League , built in 1462 , 51 m in length , and the English carrack , built during the period 1420 -- 1439 , 66.4 m in length and weighing between 1,400 tons and 2,750 tons .

neg: Ilha de Vera Cruz Ilha de Vera Cruz ( -LSB- ˈiʎɐ dɨ ˈvɛɾɐ kɾuʃ -RSB- ) ( Portuguese for Island of the True Cross ) was the first name given by the Portuguese navigators to the newly discovered land on the northeast coast of what later became known as Brazil . The name was later changed to Terra de Santa Cruz ( Land of the Holy Cross ) .   When the discoverers , under Pedro Álvares Cabral , first officially touched land in South America on April 22 , 1500 , they thought they had found an island , as reflected in the chosen name . They took possession for the Kingdom of Portugal of what was believed to be an island of strategic importance on a western connection between Portugal and the Moluccas and other islands of the East Indies . This was the beginning of the Portuguese colonies in South America . The name was changed to Terra de Santa Cruz when it was realized that it was not an island , but in fact part of a continent .   In 1534 , the colonies of Terra de Santa Cruz became the Captaincies of Brazil , land grants to Portuguese captains General by King John III of Portugal .   Category : Colonial Brazil  Category : Exploration of South America  Category : Portuguese colonization of the Americas

neg: Doggfather `` Doggfather '' is a single by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg . It was released in August 26 , 1997 as the last single from Snoop Dogg 's second studio album Tha Doggfather .

neg: Reincarnated (album) Reincarnated is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Snoop Dogg . It is his first release under his reggae persona Snoop Lion . The album was released on April 23 , 2013 , under Berhane Sound System , Mad Decent , Vice Records and RCA Records . The album is his departure from hip hop and his debut in the reggae genre . The album 's production was handled mainly by Diplo and his group Major Lazer .   The album features guest appearances from Busta Rhymes , Akon , Chris Brown , Mavado , Popcaan , Mr. Vegas , Collie Buddz , Miley Cyrus , Rita Ora , and Drake among others . The album 's production was handled by Major Lazer , Ariel Rechtshaid , 6Blocc , Dre Skull , Supa Dups and Diplo , who also served as executive producer . It is a companion project to the documentary film Reincarnated .   The album was nominated at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Reggae Album .

neg: Based on a True Story (Mack 10 album) Based on a True Story is the second studio album by American rapper Mack 10 , released September 16 , 1997 on Priority Records . It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard 200 and at number 5 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . One single , `` Backyard Boogie '' , peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . and performed well on several other charts as well . The album features guest performance by Ice Cube , E-40 , Snoop Dogg , Allfrumtha I and The Comrads .   Along with singles , music videos were produced for two songs : `` Backyard Boogie '' and `` Only in California '' featuring Ice Cube and Snoop Dogg . Ice Cube makes a cameo appearance in `` Backyard Boogie '' .   The song , `` Ca n't Stop '' , was previously released on the Ant Banks album , Big Thangs . Another song , `` Dopeman '' , was later included on two Priority Records compilations , In tha Beginning ... There Was Rap and Straight Outta Compton : N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute . `` Dopeman '' is a cover version of the 1987 N.W.A song of the same name .

neg: Kam (rapper) Craig A. Miller ( born October 24 , 1970 in Los Angeles , California ) , better known by his stage name Kam is an American political emcee known primarily among hip hop fans and music critics during the 1990s & early 2000s .   He is known for his Nation of Islam-influenced lyrics and NOI membership , and affiliation with his cousin , fellow West Coast emcee Ice Cube . He is also known for his powerfully commanding baritone voice and knack for using multisyllabic rhymes . He has only released two albums since his well-received 1993 debut album Neva Again . That album featured inflammatory anti-government lyrics and hit single `` Peace Treaty , '' a song about the 1992 Watts gang treaty . The song reached # 2 on the Hot Rap Singles chart in 1993 .   His first appearance on record was with the song `` Every Single Weekend '' from the 1991 Boyz n the Hood soundtrack . Since then , he has collaborated with artists including Ice Cube , Snoop Dogg , Coolio , E-40 , Erick Sermon , MC Ren , C-Bo , K9Compton , DJ Quik , DJ Pooh , Tha Eastsidaz , Method Man , KRS-One , Public Enemy , Nate Dogg , Warren G , Dogg Pound , Xzibit , Tyrese , Tank , George Clinton , Dresta , B.G. Knocc Out , Yukmouth , and Glasses Malone among many others .  He has released music on two record labels , East West Records and JCOR Entertainment . He is currently signed to his own record label , HEREAFTER RECORDS , and plans to release his fourth solo album . He is also currently a member of Snoop Dogg 's West Coast supergroup The Warzone with MC Eiht and Goldie Loc .  Kam and his biological younger brother , `` Yung Bruh '' , are also a NOI-based rap group called , Fruit Pruno .  Their self-titled album was released during the NOI 's Saviour 's Day 2010 summit ( specifically on February 28 , 2010 ) .

neg: Cancionero de la Colombina The Cancionero de la Colombina or Cancionero Musical de la Colombina ( CMC ) is a Spanish manuscript ( Ms. 7-1-28 ) containing Renaissance music from the second half of the 15th century .   The manuscript was copied during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs , possibly between the 1460s and the 1480s . Therefore , it predates the more famous Cancionero de Palacio . The first half of the manuscript is the work of two main scribes , and the second half was completed by six other scribes . It originally comprised 106 folios , 8 of which are lost . The general condition of the remaining folios is less than satisfactory . A title added on a later period reads `` Cantilenas vulgares puestas en musica por varios Españoles '' ( Popular melodies set to music by various Spaniards ) .   In 1534 it was bought by the second son of Christopher Columbus , the bibliophile Ferdinand Columbus , who added it to his rich Sevillian library of more than 15,000 volumes known by the name of `` Columbine Library '' ( in Spanish , `` Biblioteca Colombina '' ) . After his death , the library was transferred to the Seville Cathedral , where it remained up to these days .   The Cancionero currently contains 95 musical settings , some of which are incomplete . Of this total , 53 remain anonymous . The authorship of several works could be established because they had been properly attributed in other cancioneros , especially the Cancionero de Palacio and the Cancionero de Montecassino .   The repertory in the manuscript is varied . Among the musical genres can be found canciones , villancicos , romances and ensaladas . Many of the villancicos and canciones are sacred , mostly Marian . Two of the works are in French and 12 are liturgical compositions in Latin . There are also two short versions in Castilian of the Song of the Sibyl ( `` El Cant de la Sibil · la '' ) , nos. 73 and 91 ( `` Juysio fuerte será dado '' ) .

neg: L.O.C. (rapper) Liam Nygaard O'Connor ( born 10 July 1979 in Aarhus , Denmark ) , better known as L.O.C. , is a Danish rapper , songwriter and TV-host . Born to Danish mother Susan Nygaard O'Conner and Irish father Dermot O'Conner . He started his career in 1995 together with Chadi Abdul-Karim ( C.A.K. ) , when they started the group Alzheimer Klinikken . Two years later they released their first demotape `` Respekten Stinker '' ( The Respekt Stinks ) . L.O.C. 's popularity made his group projekt B.A.N.G.E.R.S rise to quite the recognition in 1999 when they released the EP `` V.I.P. '' . The group projekt consisted of , further than L.O.C. , the Danish rappers USO , Marc Johnson and DJ Rescue . L.O.C. also formed the Danish Hip-Hop group F.I.P. in collaboration with Danish producers Rune Rask and Troo.L.S from Danish rap group Suspekt   L.O.C. quickly gained a greater popularity in 2001 with his debut album `` Dominologi '' . In 2003 L.O.C. released the album `` Inkarneret '' , which went platinum in 2004 , with over 60.000 copies sold . His third album , `` Cassiopeia '' , was released in 2005 and amongst other , contained the hit single `` Du Gør Mig '' ( You Make Me ) . His fourth album `` Melankolia / XXX Couture '' was released March 17 , 2008 and sold over 20.000 copies in the first week . The single `` XXX Coture '' was made Danish Radio 's Program 3 ( P3 ) ` inevitable song of the week ' and won the `` Album of The Year '' - price at The Danish Music Awards in 2009 . L.O.C. has with his first four albums sold over 150.000 copies , which makes him the best selling rapper in Denmark . In 2009 L.O.C. formed the group Selvmord in collaboration with the Danish rap group Suspekt . They released their first album with the self title `` Selvmord '' ( Suicide ) which became an instant success and went gold and also contained the hit single `` Råbe Under Vand '' ( Yell Under Water ) .   L.O.C. 's fifth album `` Libertiner '' was released in 2011 and won `` Danish Urban Realse of The Year '' at Danish Music Awards 2011 . `` Libertiner '' was also in the top ten of the most sold albums in Denmark in 2011 .   In 2012 L.O.C. created his own record company SGMD , which is an akronym for `` SelvGjortMillionærDrøm '' ( SelfMadeMillionaireDream ) and started a cooperative deal with the telecommunications company TDC A/S , which distributed and promoted his sixth album `` Prestige , Paranoia , Persona Vol . 1 '' . The album was put up for free download the first five weeks and on was downloaded over 100.000 times on the release date alone . Oktober 1. , 2012 L.O.C. 's seventh album , `` Prestige , Paranoia , Persona Vol . 2 '' was released in cooperation with Danish Red Cross whom received all profits from the sales   In 2011 L.O.C. was one of the judges in TV2 's adaptation of the music competition Voice . He coached Kim Wagner , who won the contest . He was furthermore also a judge in season two of the same program . Since 2008 L.O.C. has been in a relationship with Danish actor and TV-host Cristiane Schaumburg-Müller and were married on December 22. , 2012 at Valdemars Castle in Denmark .

neg: Buckwild Anthony Best ( born March 20 ) ( better known by his stage name Buckwild ) is an American hip hop producer from The Bronx borough of New York City . He is a member of Diggin ' in the Crates Crew along with Lord Finesse , Showbiz and A.G. , Diamond D , Fat Joe , Big L , and O.C. . He has produced a number of tracks , including The Notorious B.I.G. 's `` I Got a Story to Tell '' and Black Rob 's `` Whoa ! '' . In 2013 , he was described by HipHopDX as `` one of Hip Hop 's most prolific and acclaimed producers '' .


query: In 2015, Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle.

pos: Tokyo Tokyo ( -LSB- toːkjoː -RSB- , -LSB- langˈtoʊki.oʊ -RSB- ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .   Tokyo is often referred to as a city , but is officially known and governed as a `` metropolitan prefecture '' , which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture , a characteristic unique to Tokyo . The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo ( each governed as an individual city ) , which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943 . The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains . The population of the special wards is over 9 million people , with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million . The prefecture is part of the world 's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit . The city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV , Tokyo MX , TV Tokyo , TV Asahi , Nippon Television , NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System .   Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index . The city is considered an alpha + world city -- as listed by the GaWC 's 2008 inventory -- and in 2014 , Tokyo was ranked first in the `` Best overall experience '' category of TripAdvisor '' 's World City Survey ( the city also ranked first in the following categories : `` helpfulness of locals '' , `` nightlife '' , `` shopping '' , `` local public transportation '' and `` cleanliness of streets '' ) . In 2015 , Tokyo was ranked as the 11th most expensive city for expatriates , according to the Mercer consulting firm , and also the world 's 11th most expensive city , according to the Economist Intelligence Unit 's cost-of-living survey . In 2015 , Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle '' . The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world .  Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index . The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student . Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics , the 1979 G-7 summit , the 1986 G-7 summit , and the 1993 G-7 summit , and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Paralympics .

neg: Tokyo Global Concert is a music event aimed at the promotion of arts and culture and international development held in Tokyo , Japan inviting renowned opera singers from both Japan and overseas .   It has been organized by the International Foundation for Arts and Culture ( IFAC ) , a not-for-profit organization with Haruhisa Handa as its chairman , created as an opportunity for the purpose of enjoying classical music free of charge under the concept for a wish for more people to enjoy and love classical music .

neg: Festivals in Tokyo Tokyo holds many festivals ( matsuri ) throughout the year . Major Shinto shrine festivals include the Sanno Festival at Hie Shrine , and the Sanja Festival at Asakusa Shrine . The Kanda Matsuri in Tokyo is held every two years in May . The festival features a parade with elaborately decorated floats and thousands of people .   More secular and seasonal festivals include cherry blossom , or sakura , viewing parties in the spring where thousands gather in parks such as Ueno Park , Inokashira Park , and the Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden for picnics under the cherry trees . In the summer annual firework and dance festivals such as the Sumida River fireworks festival on the last Saturday of July , and the Kōenji Awa Odori dance festival on the last weekend in August attract millions of viewers .

neg: Tourism in Tokyo Tourism in Tokyo is a major industry . In 2006 , 4.81 million foreigners and 420 million Japanese visits to Tokyo were made ; the economic value of these visits totaled 9.4 trillion yen according to the government of Tokyo . Many tourists visit the various downtowns , stores , and entertainment districts throughout the neighborhoods of the special wards of Tokyo ; particularly school children on class trips , a visit to Tokyo Tower is de rigueur .   Cultural offerings include both omnipresent Japanese pop culture and associated districts such as Shibuya and Harajuku , subcultural attractions such as Studio Ghibli anime center , as well as museums like the Tokyo National Museum , which houses 37 % of the country 's artwork national treasures ( 87/233 ) . No buildings in Tokyo are World heritage sites and only the Jizo Hall of Shofuku-ji , a suburban temple , is a National treasure . Other popular attractions include the Imperial Palace , Meiji Shrine , and Sensō-ji , a popular temple . Finally , many tourists , particularly foreign tourists , visit Tsukiji Fish Market , as the time-zone difference leads to foreign visitors waking up very early local time .   Access to Tokyo is provided by airports including Narita Airport , Tokyo International Airport ( Haneda , providing primarily domestic service ) , and the Shinkansen . Major hotel districts include Shinjuku and Tokyo Bay , although there are some hotels in many more districts .

neg: Tanashi, Tokyo was a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis , Japan .  Tanashi means the land without rice . Because of the area 's elevation relative to the Tamagawa River , traditional irrigation and rice farming was impossible . Hence , the area was named Tanashi .  At the time of its merger , the city had an estimated population of 78,165 and a density of 11,495 persons per km ² . The total area was 6.8 km ² .   The area of modern Tanashi prospered during the Edo period as a post station on the Ome Kaido and Tokorozawa Kaido , and was part of ancient Musashi Province . After the Meiji Restoration it came under the jurisdiction of the short-lived prefectures of Shinagawa ( 1868 ) and Irima ( 1871 ) , before becoming part of Kanagawa in 1872 . During the early Meiji period ( 1878 ) cadastral reform , it became the town of Tanashi within Kitatama District in Kanagawa . The entire district was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis in 1893 . Tanashi was connected to central Tokyo by train from 1927 . Tanashi was elevated to city status in 1967 .   On January 21 , 2001 , Tanashi was merged with the neighboring city of Hoya to create the city of Nishi-Tōkyō , and thus Tanashi thus no longer exists as an independent municipality .   Category : Populated places disestablished in 2001  Category : Dissolved municipalities of Tokyo

neg: Architectural forgery in Japan In Japan , structural engineers designing structures exceeding a certain floor area or number of storeys must submit drawings and calculations to the authorities , demonstrating that the building is safe ( e.g. earthquake-resistant , etc. ) `` Structural Calculation Forgery Problem '' ( 構造計算書偽造問題 , kōzō keisansho gizō mondai ) refers to a series of incidents , set off by the Ministry of Land , Infrastructure and Transport 's November 17 , 2005 , announcement that structural engineer Hidetsugu Aneha of Aneha Architectural Design Office in Chiba Prefecture had falsified earthquake design calculations . A number of Japanese construction and real estate companies have had to declare bankruptcy due to their involvement in the affair , including Kimura Construction and Huser . Note that Aneha is frequently referred to as an architect , as Japan has a unique licensing system where structural engineers designing buildings are registered as first-class architects .   It is suggested that one of the causes for the problem was that the ( privately owned ) oversight agencies responsible for confirming compliance to Japanese safety standards did not detect the forgery . Prior to 1999 , oversight was managed solely by regional governments , however , a change made to Japanese law that year allowed private organizations to conduct investigations as well . It was said that these private organizations , such as `` EHomes '' and `` Nihon ERI '' did not adequately function in their oversight roles , however , it was later revealed that government oversight agencies had also failed to detect some instances of forgery .   Of 14 hotels that had already been built under false pretenses when the problem first came to light , two of them were shown to fail Japan 's earthquake resistance standards . Because the concrete had insufficient reinforcing steel , there was a fear that an earthquake of magnitude 5 on the Japanese Shindo scale could cause the buildings to collapse . None of the buildings in question have yet collapsed , but the safety of high-rise buildings in earthquake-prone Japan has been called into question , particularly in the light of the 1995 Sampoong Department Store collapse in Korea .   Residents of the areas around the affected buildings live in a constant state of unease , not knowing if or when the buildings will collapse . Some hotels , unable to guarantee the safety of their customers , have ceased operations .   As the architect concerned in the matter has participated in the construction of a large number of buildings , the full extent of the problem is still unknown . In Japan , the incident was first publicized by bloggers .   Hidetsugu Aneha , Moriyoshi Kimura , Akira Shinozuka and Togo Fujita etc. were arrested on April 26 , 2006 , and Huser 's president Susumu Ojima was arrested on May 17 of the same year .

neg: Koganei, Tokyo is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis , in the central Kantō region of Japan . , the city had an estimated population of 121,516 and a population density of 10,750 persons per km ² . Its total area was 11.30 sqkm .

neg: Urban Employment Area is a definition of metropolitan areas , defined by the Center for Spatial Information Service , the University of Tokyo . The Japan 's Ministry of Economy , Trade and Industry defined 233 areas for the UEAs of Japan . It is different from the definition of metropolitan areas defined in census by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications . For the latter scheme , see the List of metropolitan areas in Japan by population article .   The basic principle of UEA is similar to that of the Statistics Bureau definition ; a central city and its associated outlying municipalities with certain amounts of commuters . A UEA with at least 50,000 DID ( Densely Inhabited District ) population is called or MEA for short in English . A UEA with at least 10,000 and less than 50,000 DID population is called or McEA for short in English .

neg: Core cities of Japan A is a class or category of Japanese city . It is a local administrative division created by the national government . Core cities are delegated many functions normally carried out by prefectural governments , but not as many as designated cities . To become a candidate for core city status , a city must have a population greater than 300,000 and an area greater than 100 square kilometers , although special exceptions may be made by order of the cabinet for cities with populations under 300,000 but over 200,000 .   Application for designation is made by a city with the approval of both the city and prefectural assemblies .

neg: Monoethnicity Monoethnicity is the existence of a single ethnic group in a given region or country . It is the opposite of polyethnicity . The use of the concept of monoethnicity has been criticized for being discriminatory and preventing diversity from being recognized .   It is a common belief in Japan that the entire country is monoethnic , but there are many ethnic minorities in Japan ( e.g. Koreans , Ainus , and Ryukyuans ) . They represent around 1 % of the whole population   South Koreans regard themselves as a monoethnic society , although there are small ethnic minorities that exist in South Korea , where they account for around 1 % of the South Korean population . These include around 650,000 Chinese immigrants   Most Sub-Saharan African countries have mono-racial societies ( > 0.1 % ) , but it 's common to find several ethnic groups within the same country . The number of emigrants from these African countries has grown substantially since 1990 , but they receive virtually almost zero immigration .   The Yugoslav Wars are noted as having made territories `` de facto and de jure monoethnic nation-states '' .

neg: Musashino, Tokyo right | 270px | thumb | Inokashira Park  is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis , in the central Kantō region of Japan . , the city had an estimated population of 143,868 and a population density of 13,090 persons per km ² . Its total area was 10.98 sqkm .

neg: Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu - the largest island of Japan . The city 's name , 広島 , means `` Broad Island '' in Japanese . Hiroshima gained city status on April 1 , 1889 . On April 1 , 1980 , Hiroshima became a designated city . , the city had an estimated population of 1,196,274 . The GDP in Greater Hiroshima , Hiroshima Metropolitan Employment Area , is US$ 61.3 billion as of 2010 . Kazumi Matsui has been the city 's mayor since April 2011 .   Hiroshima is best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) dropped an atomic bomb on the city ( and later on Nagasaki ) at 8:15 a.m. on August 6 , 1945 , near the end of World War II .

neg: Japanese work environment Many both in and outside Japan share an image of the Japanese work environment that is based on a and '' model used by large companies as well as a reputation of long work-hours and strong devotion to one 's company . This environment is said to reflect economic conditions beginning in the 1920s , when major corporations competing in the international marketplace began to accrue the same prestige that had traditionally been ascribed to the daimyo-retainer relationship of feudal Japan or government service in the Meiji Restoration . At the very top , the most prestigious companies would recruit and retain the best workers by offering better benefits and truly lifetime job security . By the 1960s , employment at a large prestigious company had become the goal of children of the new middle class , the pursuit of which required mobilization of family resources and great individual perseverance in order to achieve success in the fiercely competitive education system .   Employees are expected to work hard and demonstrate loyalty to the firm , in exchange for some degree of job security and benefits , such as housing subsidies , good insurance , the use of recreation facilities , and bonuses and pensions . Wages begin low , but seniority is rewarded , with promotions based on a combination of seniority and ability . Leadership is not based on assertiveness or quick decision making but on the ability to create consensus , taking into account the needs of subordinates . Surveys indicate continued preference for bosses who are demanding but show concern for workers ' private lives over less-demanding bosses interested only in performance on the job . This system rewards behavior demonstrating identification with the team effort , indicated by singing the company song , not taking all of one 's vacation days , and sharing credit for accomplishments with the work group . Pride in one 's work is expressed through competition with other parallel sections in the company and between one 's company and other companies in similar lines of business . Thus , individuals are motivated to maintain wa ( harmony ) and participate in group activities , not only on the job but also in after-hours socializing ( nomikai ) . The image of group loyalty , however , may be more a matter of ideology than practice , especially for people who do not make it to the top .

neg: European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension .   Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale .   In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values .   The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far .   An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union .   A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .

neg: Moscow International Business Center The Moscow International Business Center ( MIBC ) , also known as `` Moscow City '' , ( Московский международный деловой центр `` Москва-Сити '' , Moskovskiy mezhdunarodnıy delovoy tsentr `` Moskva-Citi '' ) is a commercial district in central Moscow , Russia . Located east of the Third Ring Road in the Presnensky District of Central Administrative Okrug , the Moscow City area is currently under development . Construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya embankment of the Moscow River , approximately 4 km west of Red Square , and just east of the Third Ring Road . The project occupies an area of 60 hectares , with the territory chosen being the only area in central Moscow that can accommodate such a project .   The MIBC is expected to become the first zone in Russia to combine business activity , living space and entertainment in one single development . The Moscow government first conceived the project in 1992 . An estimated 250,000 -- 300,000 people will be working in , living in , or visiting the complex at any given time . MIBC includes 6 skyscrapers with maximum height of 300 meters or more ( Shanghai has 5 , Hong Kong has 6 , Chicago has 6 , New York has 8 ) . Europe 's tallest building , the Federation Tower , is in the MIBC . The complex also includes the second-tallest , third-tallest , fifth-tallest , sixth-tallest , and seventh-tallest buildings in Europe . By 2016 twelve of twenty-three planned facilities of MIBC were already built , seven buildings are in construction and four are in the design stage .   __ TOC __

neg: Bunkyō is a special ward located in Tokyo , Japan . Situated in the middle of the ward area , Bunkyō is a residential and educational center . Beginning in the Meiji period , literati like Natsume Sōseki , as well as scholars and politicians have lived there . Bunkyō is home to the Tokyo Dome , judo 's Kodokan , and the University of Tokyo ( Hongo Campus ) . The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Bunkyō City .  Bunkyō has a sister-city relationship with Kaiserslautern in the Rhineland-Palatinate of Germany .   As of May 1 , 2015 , the ward has a population of 217,743 ( including about 6,500 foreign residents ) and a population density of 19,290 persons per km ² . The total area is 11.29 km ² .   The ward was founded on March 15 , 1947 .

neg: Japanese people are a nation and ethnic group native to Japan . Japanese people make up 98.5 % of the total population of their country .  Worldwide , approximately 129 million people are of Japanese descent ; of these , approximately 125 million are residents of Japan . People of Japanese ancestry who live outside Japan are referred to as the , the Japanese disapora . The term ethnic Japanese may also be used in some contexts to refer to particular ethnic groups , including the Yamato ( the dominant ethnic group , comprising over 120 million ) , Ainu , and Ryukyuan people .

neg: Tokyo Dome City , referred to as Big Egg City before January 1 , 2000 , is an entertainment complex in Bunkyo , Tokyo , Japan .   It includes the world 's largest roofed baseball stadium known as Tokyo Dome ( nicknamed `` Big Egg '' ) , an amusement park known as Tokyo Dome City Attractions ( formerly Kōrakuen Yūenchi ) , and Korakuen Hall . In May 2003 , a spa resort known as LaQua opened for business near Tokyo Dome City Attractions . It also hosts character shows for Toei Company 's Toei Superheroes , including the Kamen Rider and Super Sentai series .   The Tokyo Dome City contains the Tokyo Dome Hotel , a 43-story hotel that is easily visible from the street and from the Tokyo Subway Suidobashi Station , which is only two blocks away .

neg: Tokyo Christian University is a private university in Inzai , Chiba , Japan , offering an undergraduate liberal arts degree in both Japanese and English .   The English-degree program is administered under the `` Asian Christian Theological Studies Program for English Speakers '' ( ACTS-ES ) , which integrates the liberal arts with Bible studies and theology , academic preparation with practical experience , the English language with Japanese studies , and the world 's cultures with Japan and Asia . All courses are offered in English , though two years of Japanese language study is required , and advanced students have the option of doing some coursework entirely in Japanese together with Japanese undergraduates . Students who meet advanced requirements may obtain a minor in Japanese Studies . International students and Japanese students are not segregated , as often happens at Japanese universities , but live together in on-campus dorms .   TCU 's history spans 125 years of Japan 's 140-year Protestant history . The university emerged from a merger of three Christian schools . The oldest , founded in 1881 in Yokohama , focused on women 's education at a time when Japan offered women few opportunities for higher education . In 1949 Tokyo Christian Theological Seminary came into existence , and 1950 saw the establishment of the Japan Domei Institute . The Domei Institute later offered both a three - and a four-year course , achieving accreditation as a junior college . These three schools merged in 1979 , with the goal of upgrading the junior college into a university while maintaining the seminary as a distinct graduate program with its own identity .   In 1989 , the merged school moved to its present location in Chiba New Town , a part of the greater Tokyo metropolitan area . Having achieved the approval of the Japanese Ministry of Education , the transition from the junior college to the university took place between 1990 and 1993 . The university admitted its first group of students in 1990 , when the junior college graduated its final class . In 1993 , the university gained full recognition from the Japanese Ministry of Education , and it continues in this status until today .

neg: Music of Japan The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern . The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 ( ongaku ) , combining the kanji 音 `` on '' ( sound ) with the kanji 楽 `` gaku '' ( enjoy ) . Japan is the largest physical music market in the world , with US$ 2 billion in 2014 and the second largest overall music market , with a total retail value of 2.6 billion dollars in 2014dominated by Japanese artists , with 37 of the top 50 best selling albums and 49 of the top 50 best selling singles in 2014 .   Local music often appears at karaoke venues , which is on lease from the record labels . Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western music as it is often based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing .

neg: Metropolis Daily Metropolis Daily is the Hong Kong edition of Metro ( Metro International ) , which publishes free newspapers around the world with 25 editions in 16 countries in 14 languages . It is the first free newspaper in Hong Kong .   The Hong Kong version was first launched on April 15 , 2002 ; it is distributed for free in the racks located in 49 Mass Transit Railway ( MTR ) stations except the Airport Station .   According to the Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations in September 2002 , the daily circulation of the newspaper was 302,197 copies , making it the third largest daily newspaper in Hong Kong . The paper is distributed from Monday to Friday ( except for public holidays ) , by hand or from the newspaper stands in 49 MTR stations and 11 other key central locations , such as big shopping malls owned by MTR Corporation Limited like Paradise Mall , Telford Plaza , and Luk Yeung Galleria ( 綠楊坊 Pinyin : lǜ yáng fāng ) . Since it is free of charge and easily accessible , many people like to get one on their way to school or work . The paper attracts a younger generation of readers with a great purchasing power likewise , therefore many advertisers are interested in promoting their products on Metropolis Daily . The operating costs of the paper are mainly covered by the classified advertisements in the newspaper .   However , the influence of the paper is not yet significant . Though around one tenth size of other newspapers printing local first-hand news reported by fresh journalists , its main news sources are actually the television , radio news , press releases and wired news . As one Metropolis '' ' reporter said , `` Nobody seems to know that we made an exclusive story . ''   The paper is in Chinese in most parts , together with an English international section . According to Metropolis , the paper can be read in a `` 19-minute commute '' as the articles inside are usually short and laconic ; readers can scan through the paper so quickly that they can grab a brief understanding of the news within minutes . Although the paper is a tabloid , i.e. a minute-sized newspaper giving the stories in a condensed form , it includes many sections , which make the paper very rich in contents .  These sections include :  local news ( including one page written in Simplified Chinese ) ;  Chinese news ;  international news ;  finance ;  sports ;  entertainment ;  side stories ;  English news digest ;  editorial column ;  television program schedule ; and  film section .   Readers can read the on-line edition of Metropolis all over the world by simply registering as users at its official site , and it is totally free . Besides , there is also a club called `` Club Metro '' '' offering discounts in films , sports and travel to its members . Readers can enjoy these benefits once they have joined the club . There are 700,000 worldwide members in this club .