query: Ghost in the Shell was developed by a studio.

pos: Ghost in the Shell (video game) is a cyberpunk-themed third-person shooter video game developed by Exact and Production I.G for the PlayStation . A part of the larger Ghost in the Shell media franchise , it utilizes the same English voice cast as the feature film of the same name , although the two do not share a story continuity . The game was first released in July 1997 , along with soundtrack albums , an artbook and a guidebook .   The game 's story and art design were written and illustrated by Masamune Shirow , the author of the original manga . Ghost in the Shells plot revolves around a recruit of Public Security Section 9 as he investigates and combats the Human Liberation Front . The player controls a Fuchikoma , a robotic fighting vehicle capable of traversing walls and ceilings .   The game received mainly positive reviews . It was praised for its graphics , animation , music and unusual wall-climbing mechanics , as well as living up to the name of the series . However , it received criticism for its tedious and repetitive gameplay and low difficulty . Fifteen years after its release , Game Informer listed Ghost in the Shell as one of the best manga and anime-based games .

pos: Production I.G is a Japanese anime studio and production enterprise , founded on December 15 , 1987 , by Mitsuhisa Ishikawa and headquartered in Musashino , Tokyo , Japan .   Production I.G has been involved in the creation of numerous anime television series , OVAs , theatrical films , and is further involved in video game design and development , as well as music publishing and management . Among its prominent works are Guilty Crown , Psycho-Pass , Eden of the East , and the Ghost in the Shell series . It is known in the video game industry for developing intros , cut-scenes , and artwork for games such as the Namco Tales Studio 's title , Tales of Symphonia .   The letters I and G derive from the names of the company founders , Mitsuhisa Ishikawa and popular character designer Takayuki Goto . The company is a member of The Association of Japanese Animations ( AJA ) , an association of over 50 Japanese anime studios .

neg: Gaijin Entertainment Gaijin Entertainment is a Russian video game developer and publisher established in 2002 . It is the largest independent video games developer in Russia , known for War Thunder .

neg: Music of Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex The music for the anime series Ghost in the Shell : Stand Alone Complex was primarily composed by Yoko Kanno and produced by Victor Entertainment . Soundtracks were also produced for the two OVA films , The Laughing Man and Individual Eleven , and the TV film Solid State Society .

neg: Ilion Animation Studios Ilion Animation Studios is an animation studio based in Madrid , Spain . The studio was established by the founders of Pyro Studios , a video game development studio , to create computer-animated movies for theatrical release . Ilion produced the CGI-animated film , Planet 51 .

neg: Crazy Monkey Studios Crazy Monkey Studios is an independent video game development studio . Founded in 2010 , Crazy Monkey Studios is based in Kontich , Belgium .

neg: MercurySteam MercurySteam Entertainment , S.L. is a game developer based in San Sebastián de los Reyes , Spain . The company makes titles for the major platforms , including PC , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . The company was founded by former members of Rebel Act Studios , who previously developed Severance : Blade of Darkness in 2001 . Dave Cox is a producer at Konami who has helped out MercurySteam during the Castlevania : Lords of Shadow trilogy . In 2015 , Nintendo Life reported that MercurySteam had worked on a Metroid prototype for Wii U and 3DS , that was later turned down and possibly retrofitted into a different project .

neg: Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms .   Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .

neg: SIE Bend Studio SIE Bend Studio ( formerly Blank , Berlyn and Co. and Eidetic ) is an American video game developer founded in Bend , Oregon in 1993 . They were acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment in 2000 and are best known for developing the Syphon Filter series franchise .

neg: Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .

neg: Ensemble Studios Ensemble Studios is a video game developer initially established in 1995 as an independent company by Tony Goodman , Rick Goodman , Bruce Shelley , Brian Sullivan and John Boog-Scott , and was acquired by Microsoft in 2001 and operated as an internal studio until 2009 , when its development capabilities was officially disbanded , now it operates as support . Ensemble developed many real-time strategy games , including the Age of Empires game series , Age of Mythology , and Halo Wars . In addition to game development , Ensemble Studios also made the Genie Game Engine used in Age of Empires , Age of Empires II : The Age of Kings , and Star Wars : Galactic Battlegrounds . The studio sold 20 million games and was worth an estimated $ 500 million .

neg: Eldorado Recording Studios Eldorado Recording Studios is a recording studio in Burbank , California originally established in 1954 at the corner of Hollywood and Vine as a workshop for Johnny Otis . In 1987 , due to damage the building sustained from numerous earthquakes , Eldorado was located to late Marvin Gaye 's former studio on Sunset Boulevard , where many successful albums were recorded during the alternative rock and grunge-era ( 1989 to 1996 ) . The studio was relocated to its current location in Burbank in 1996 , designed and built from the ground up by Steven Klein .   Eldorado is notable for recording albums or simply tracks by Canned Heat , Slayer , Brian Eno , Talking Heads , The Red Hot Chili Peppers , Herbie Hancock , Jane 's Addiction , Social Distortion , Alice in Chains , MxPx , The Offspring , Beowülf , Against Me ! , Head Automatica , Avenged Sevenfold , My Chemical Romance , Anthrax , Kreator , Icehouse and many more .   Eldorado is a full-service studio primarily dedicated to the production and recording of a wide range of artists and clients . Having served as `` home base '' to producer Dave Jerden from 1981 to 2004 , Eldorado now caters to a variety of top notch producers , engineers and artists , including Butch Vig , Rob Cavallo , Ben Harper , Marshall Altman , Jason Lader , Lukas Burton , Don Gehman , Joe Zook , Jeff Trott , Brian Scheuble , Doug McKean , Don Murray , Jeff Saltzman , and Toby Wright .

neg: Chair Entertainment Chair Entertainment Group , LLC ( commonly referred to as Chair Entertainment , stylized as ChAIR ) is an American video game developer based in Salt Lake City , Utah .

neg: Masthead Studios Masthead Studios was founded in 2005 in Bulgaria and is an eastern-European video game developing studio specializing in massively multiplayer online role-playing games .

neg: Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to :   Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies .  Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses  Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label  Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad  Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad

neg: Altron is a Japanese video game developer and publisher located in Shinagawa , Tokyo , Japan operating since 1983 . It has developed or published games for the Nintendo 64 , PlayStation , Sega Saturn , Super NES , Genesis , Nintendo Entertainment System , Nintendo DS , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , and Nintendo 3DS video game systems .

neg: Renga Media Renga Media ( originally Renga Studios ) is a British multimedia and animation company located in Brighton . It was established in 1995 , and is run by creator Tony Luke alongside producers Simon Moorhead and Doug Bradley . Partners include Alan Grant , Yasushi Nirasawa and Jim Brathwaite , chairman of S.E.E.D.A. .

neg: Vegas Movie Studio Vegas Movie Studio ( previously Sony Vegas Movie Studio ) is a consumer-based nonlinear video editing software designed for the PC . It is a scaled-down version of Vegas Pro . Movie Studio was formerly called `` Sonic Foundry VideoFactory '' and then `` Sony Screenblast Movie Studio , '' . As of version 13 , Vegas Movie studio is now part of Magix GmbH after Sony had officially announced it had sold most of its creative software suit to the German based company . On February 14 , 2017 , Magix announced a brand new version of Vegas movie studio , Vegas movie studio 14.0 , which is the first stable release of Vegas movie studio since 2014 and Magix first stable release since its acquisition from Sony .

neg: Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) .   Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .

neg: EA Tiburon EA Tiburon is an Electronic Arts video game development studio located in Maitland , Florida , United States founded in 1994 . It was formerly known as Tiburon Entertainment , which was acquired by EA in 1998 .   The studio is best known for developing the Madden NFL series of games . In addition to the usual titles developed by the studio which include Madden , NCAA Football , NFL Street , NASCAR and NFL Head Coach , in late 2006 Tiburon released the Superman Returns game based on the movie of the same name . EA Tiburon has taken over the Tiger Woods PGA Tour series from EA Salt Lake as of the 2008 edition of the game .

neg: Project Siren Project Siren ( also known as Team Gravity ) is a video game development team that works within SIE Japan Studio . It is best known for the survival horror series Siren , released for PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 . The team is led by game designer and director Keiichiro Toyama .   Following development on the Siren series , Project Siren began development on Gravity Rush for the PlayStation Vita , which was released throughout various regions in 2012 .

neg: Kogado Studio is a Japanese video game studio which has released adventure , strategy , and bishōjo games for the MSX , MSX2 , PlayStation 2 and PC , including such titles as Symphonic Rain , Gadget Trial , Little Witch Parfait , and Tristia of the Deep-Blue Sea ( which has been made an original video animation ) , Power Dolls . The studio has a number of teams working together .


query: For 1,144 years, Norway has continued to be a kingdom.

pos: Norway Norway ( -LSB- Norgehelp = no -RSB- ( Bokmål ) or ( Nynorsk ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a sovereign state and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard . The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom . Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land . Until 1814 , the kingdom included the Faroe Islands , Greenland and Iceland . It also included Bohuslän until 1658 , Jämtland and Härjedalen until 1645 , Shetland and Orkney until 1468 , and the Hebrides and Isle of Man until 1266 .   Norway has a total area of 385252 km2 and a population of 5,258,317 ( as of January 2017 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak Strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea .   King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013 , replacing Jens Stoltenberg . A constitutional monarchy , Norway divides state power between the Parliament , the Cabinet and the Supreme Court , as determined by the 1814 Constitution . The kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms . By the traditional count from the year 872 , the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls .   Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels : counties and municipalities . The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act . Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States . Norway is a founding member of the United Nations , NATO , the Council of Europe , the Antarctic Treaty and the Nordic Council ; a member of the European Economic Area , the WTO and the OECD ; and is also a part of the Schengen Area .   The country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system . Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum , natural gas , minerals , lumber , seafood , fresh water and hydropower . The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country 's gross domestic product ( GDP ) . On a per-capita basis , Norway is the world 's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside the Middle East .   The country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists . On the CIA 's GDP ( PPP ) per capita list ( 2015 estimate ) which includes territories and some regions , Norway ranks as number eleven . From 2001 to 2006 , and then again from 2009 to 2017 , Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world . It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking . Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report , the OECD Better Life Index , the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index .

neg: Schleswig-Holstein Question The Schleswig-Holstein Question ( Schleswig-Holsteinische Frage Spørgsmålet om Sønderjylland og Holsten ) was a complex set of diplomatic and other issues arising in the 19th century from the relations of two duchies , Schleswig ( Sønderjylland / Slesvig ) and Holstein ( Holsten ) , to the Danish crown and to the German Confederation . The British statesman Lord Palmerston is reported to have said : `` Only three people have ever really understood the Schleswig-Holstein business -- the Prince Consort , who is dead -- a German professor , who has gone mad -- and I , who have forgotten all about it . ''   Schleswig was a part of Denmark during the Viking Age , and became a Danish duchy in the 12th century . Denmark repeatedly tried to reintegrate the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom . On March 27 , 1848 , Frederick VII of Denmark announced to the people of Schleswig the promulgation of a liberal constitution under which the duchy , while preserving its local autonomy , would become an integral part of Denmark . This led to an open uprising by Schleswig-Holstein 's large German majority in support of independence from Denmark and of close association with the German Confederation . The military intervention of the Kingdom of Prussia supported the uprising : the Prussian army drove Denmark 's troops from Schleswig and Holstein in the First Schleswig War of 1848 -- 1851 . The second attempt to reintegrate the Duchy of Schleswig into the Danish kingdom , initiated by the signing by King Christian IX of Denmark of the November Constitution in 1863 , was seen as a violation of the London Protocol and led to the Second Schleswig War of 1864 .   Even though Schleswig , Holstein , and Denmark had all had the same hereditary ruler for some centuries , the inheritance rules in the three territories were not quite the same . The Dukedoms of Schleswig and Holstein were inherited under the Salic law which ignored females : the Kingdom of Denmark had a slightly different inheritance law which included male heirs inheriting through the female line . In the 19th century this slight difference in inheritance law meant that when the childless King Frederick VII of Denmark died the Kingdom of Denmark would be separated from the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein because one man would inherit the Kingship and another the Dukedoms , as happened on the death of Frederick in 1863 .   The central question was whether the duchy of Schleswig was or was not an integral part of the dominions of the Danish crown , with which it had been associated in the Danish monarchy for centuries or whether Schleswig should , together with Holstein , become an independent part of the German Confederation . Schleswig itself was a fiefdom of Denmark , as the duchy of Holstein had been a fief of the Holy Roman Empire until 1806 , and become a component state of the German Confederation with the Danish king as duke . This involved the question , raised by the death of the last common male heir to both Denmark and the two duchies , as to the proper succession in the duchies , and the constitutional questions arising out of the relations of the duchies to the Danish crown , to each other , and of Holstein to the German Confederation .   Much of the history of Schleswig-Holstein has a bearing on this question : see history of Schleswig-Holstein for details . Following the defeat of Germany in World War I , the Danish majority area of Northern Schleswig was finally unified with Denmark after two plebiscites organised by the Allied powers . A small minority of ethnic Germans still lives in Northern Schleswig , while a Danish minority remains in South Schleswig .

neg: Petty kingdoms of Norway The petty kingdoms of Norway were the entities from which the later Kingdom of Norway was founded . Before the unification of Norway in 872 and during the period of fragmentation after King Harald Fairhair 's death Norway was divided in several small kingdoms . Some could have been as small as a cluster of villages and others comprised several of today 's counties .   By the time of the first historical records of Scandinavia , about the 8th century , a number of small political entities existed in Norway . The exact number is unknown , and would probably also fluctuate with time . It has been estimated that there were 9 petty realms in Western Norway during the early Viking age . Archaeologist Bergljot Solberg on this basis estimates that there would have been at least 20 in the whole country .   There are no written source from this time to tell us the title used by these rulers , or the exact borders between their realms . The main written sources we have on this period , the kings ' sagas , were not written until the 12th and 13th centuries . While they were in part based on skaldic poems , and possibly on oral tradition , their reliability as sources for detailed events of the Viking age continues to be debated among historians . The sagas , most notable of which is Heimskringla , often refer to the petty rulers as konungr , i.e. king , as in Agder , Alvheim , Hedmark , Hordaland , Nordmøre og Romsdal , Rogaland , Romerike , Sogn , Solør , Sunmmøre , Trøndelag , Vestfold ( which at various times included several of the aforementioned ) and Viken ; however in Hålogaland the title was jarl ( compare earl ) , later Ladejarl ( from the rulers power base at Lade , in modern-day Trondheim ) . The rulers of all the areas might be called petty kings , herser , subkings , kings or jarls depending on the source . A number of small communities were gradually organised into larger regions in the 9th century , and in 872 King Harald Fairhair unified the realm and became its first supreme ruler . Many of the former kingdoms would later become jarldoms under the Norwegian high king and some would try to break free again .   Below follows an incomplete list of petty kingdoms of Norway and their known rulers . Most of the people mentioned in this list are legendary or semi-legendary . Some of the areas might have a contested status as petty kingdoms .

neg: Culture of Norway The culture of Norway is closely linked to the country 's history and geography . The unique Norwegian farm culture , sustained to this day , has resulted not only from scarce resources and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws . In the 14th century , it brought about a strong romantic nationalistic movement , which is still visible in the Norwegian language and media . In the 19th century , Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature , art and music . This continues today in the performing arts and as a result of government support for exhibitions , cultural projects and artwork .

neg: Eric Christoffersen of Denmark Eric Christoffersen ( c. 1307 -- c. 1332 ) ( Erik Christoffersen ) was king of Denmark from 1321 until his death , jointly with his father , King Christopher II . He was a member of the House of Estridsen . In Danish , he is called `` Erik , udvalgt Konge . ''   Eric was the eldest son of King Christopher II and Euphemia of Pomerania . In 1321 , he was elected king and crowned alongside his father as his junior co-ruler on 15 August 1324 . In 1325 , his father asked him to halt the Counts of Holstein and their allies , but was deserted by his troops , taken prisoner and confined in Haderslev Castle . His father was forced to abdicate and go into exile , while the 12-year-old Duke Valdemar of Southern Jutland was made king of Denmark under the regent , Count Gerhard III of Holstein . After a period of chaos in the `` magnates ' republic '' of Denmark , King Christopher was restored as a puppet monarch in 1329 through the help of his half-brother Count John III . Eric was released in 1330 , on the condition he married Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg , dowager duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg and sister of his father 's enemy , Count Gerhard III , by whom he had no children . The marriage was dissolved the next year as war again erupted between his father and Count John III and his brother-in-law Gerhard III .   He predeceased his father , fighting in the battles , which subsequently broke out between his father and Holstein . On 30 November 1331 , Eric was defeated at the battle at Danevirke , but managed to escape to Kiel , where he died of his battle wounds , a few months afterward , either in late 1331 or early 1332 . Eric was buried at Sorø Abbey , later his remains were transported to the St. Bendt 's Church . Upon his father 's death in the same year , Denmark ceased being a formal kingdom , and for the next eight years it was subdued by various mortgagees to German military rule . His younger brother would later regain Denmark from the Holsteiners and succeed as Valdemar IV of Denmark .

neg: Monarchy of the Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such , the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the constitution of the Netherlands . Consequently , a fairly large portion of the Dutch constitution is devoted to the monarch ; roughly a third of the constitution describes the succession , mechanisms of accession and abdication to the throne , the roles and responsibilities of the monarch and the formalities of communication between the States-General of the Netherlands and the role of the monarch in the creation of laws .   The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815 , but its one-time sovereign provinces have intermittently been `` governed '' by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559 to 1747 , since Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder . William became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and the independent Dutch Republic . As stadtholder , he was followed by several of his descendants . In 1747 , the function of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all Provinces of the thus `` crowned '' Dutch Republic . The last stadtholder was William V. His son became the first king as William I.

neg: Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century .   The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again .   On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain .   Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated .   One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .

neg: St. Olav's Medal The St. Olav 's Medal and the St. Olav 's Medal With Oak Branch were instituted by King Haakon VII of Norway on 17 March 1939 . They are awarded in recognition of `` outstanding services rendered in connection with the spreading of information about Norway abroad and for strengthening the bonds between expatriate Norwegians and their home country '' .   The medals are in silver , surmounted by the Royal Crown . On the obverse is the portrait of the reigning King with his name and motto . On the reverse , St. Olav 's cross . Above the medal is the monogram of the reigning King . It is worn on the left side of the breast with the ribbon of the Order of St. Olav . The medal ranks 9th in the order of precedence of Norwegian medals .   When awarded for services rendered in wartime , the medal carries an oak branch and ranks 6th in the order of precedence of Norwegian medals .

neg: Danish Realm The term Danish Realm ( Det Danske Rige ) refers to the relationship between Denmark proper , the Faroe Islands and Greenland -- three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark .   The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a unitary sovereign state . The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 ( de jure ) when the Kalmar Union was ratified , and part of the Kingdom of Denmark since 1814 ( de facto ) . However , due to their separate historical and cultural identities , these parts of the Realm now have an extensive type of self-government and have assumed legislative and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields .   Legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution . Beginning in 1953 , state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm ( Rigsenheden ) . A less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is `` the commonwealth of the Realm '' . In 1978 , The Unity of The Realm was for the first time unofficially referred to as rigsfællesskabet . The name caught on and since the 1990s , both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet ( ríkisfelagsskapurin naalagaaffeqatigiit ) in daily parlance .   The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government . The Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979 . In 2005 , the Faroes received a self-government arrangement , and in 2009 Greenland received `` self rule '' , thus leaving the Danish government with virtually no influence over Greenlandic internal affairs .

neg: Nynorsk Nynorsk , literally New Norwegian or New Norse , is one of the two written standards of the Norwegian language , the other being Bokmål . From 1885 , when the parliament declared them official and equal , until new voting in 1929 , their names were Landsmål and Riksmål . The Landsmål language standard was constructed by the Norwegian linguist Ivar Aasen during the mid-19th century , to provide a Norwegian-based alternative to Danish , which was commonly written , and to some extent spoken , in Norway at the time . The official standard of Nynorsk has since been significantly altered . A minor purist fraction of the Nynorsk populace has stayed firm with the Aasen norm , which is known as Høgnorsk ( High Norwegian , analogous to High German ) .   In local communities , one-fourth of Norwegian municipalities have declared Nynorsk as their official language form , and these municipalities account for about 12 % of the Norwegian populace . Of the remaining municipalities , half are neutral and half have adopted Bokmål as their official language form . Four of Norway 's nineteen counties , Rogaland , Hordaland , Sogn og Fjordane and Møre og Romsdal , have Nynorsk as their official language form . These four together comprise the region of Western Norway .

neg: Nordmøre Nordmøre ( English : North-Møre ) is a traditional district in the Norwegian county of Møre og Romsdal . The 6059 km2 area comprises the northern third of the county including the municipalities of Kristiansund , Averøy , Tingvoll , Surnadal , Rindal , Aure , Halsa , Eide , Sunndal , Gjemnes , and Smøla . The only city in Nordmøre is Kristiansund .   Of these eleven municipalities , three are located ( mainly ) on islands : Kristiansund , Averøy , and Smøla ; seven lie on the coast ( including between , adjacent to , or at the end of , fjords ) : Tingvoll , Surnadal , Aure , Halsa , Eide , Sunndal , and Gjemnes ; while only one is landlocked : Rindal .   In the early Viking Age , before Harald Fairhair , Nordmøre was a petty kingdom whose ruler was known as the Mørejarl ( literally : `` Møre-Earl '' ) . Then , Nordmøre also included the municipalities north and west of Orkdal municipality , Sør-Trøndelag .

neg: Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy .   Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .

neg: Norwegian Church Abroad The Norwegian Church Abroad or The Norwegian Seamen 's Church ( Sjømannskirken ) is a religious organisation serving Norwegians and other Scandinavians travelling abroad . Founded in 1864 , The Norwegian Seamen 's Mission -- Sjømannsmisjonen -- was established to secure the moral and religious education of Scandinavian seafarers , but also to give them a `` breathing room '' where a fellow countryman was available to lend an ear and give some attention . Today , the churches and their staff together with travelling pastors around the globe represent a `` resource center '' for all Norwegians travelling internationally .   Sjømannskirken annually serves around 700 thousand Norwegians through over 30 churches and 16 mobile services in 30 countries around the world . Several churches operate on a Scandinavian basis . The Norwegian Church Abroad , its main office in Bergen , is a charitable organization supported by the Church of Norway and the Norwegian Government . Sjømannskirken is also a member of the ICMA and the Council of Nordic Seamen 's Missions .   For most Norwegians travelling abroad , Sjømannskirken is a nice place to rest : one can read newspapers from home , buy Norwegian food and speak to other Norwegians . Many Norwegians living permanently abroad use the seamen 's churches instead of the local ones .

neg: Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover .   The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history .   On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .

neg: Royal Standard of Norway The Royal Standard of Norway ( Kongeflagge ) is used by the King of Norway . Of historical origin , it was introduced by Cabinet Decision of 15 November 1905 , following the plebiscite confirming the election of Prince Carl of Denmark to the vacant throne after the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway . Under his chosen name of Haakon VII , the new king arrived in the capital Kristiania on 25 November 1905 on a ship flying the royal standard for the first time . That first royal standard was charged with a lion designed by the Danish expert on heraldry Anders Thiset , complying with the blazon decided by the Cabinet . It differed from the definitive version of the royal standard , which was charged with the lion designed by the painter Eilif Peterssen   The flag is the coat of arms of Norway in banner form . It is based on the 1905 version of the coat of arms , at least 750 years old . The present design of the coat of arms for government use was changed in 1937 to fit a medieval style , but the king has kept the 1905 design by Peterssen for the royal arms and standard .   The flag was referred to as the `` ancient royal standard '' of Norway when it was introduced . It is the earliest known flag of Norway , originally only a flag for the king , as it is today . During the early period of the union with Denmark , it was occasionally flown from castles and naval vessels until it was gradually phased out during the 17th and 18th centuries . Its earliest certain depiction is on the seal of Duchess Ingebjørg in 1318 . In 1748 a decree stated that the Dannebrog should be the only legal merchant flag for ships of the united kingdoms of Denmark-Norway .   The flag of the King is also used by the Queen .   Between 1844 and 1905 , the kings of Norway used a royal standard on the same pattern as Denmark and Sweden . It was a war flag with the union mark in the canton and the royal union arms in the centre of the cross .

neg: Historia Norwegiæ Historia Norwegiæ is a short history of Norway written in Latin by an anonymous monk . The only extant manuscript is in the private possession of the Earl of Dalhousie , and is kept at Brechin Castle , Scotland . However , the manuscript itself is fragmented ; the Historia itself is in folios 1r-12r . Recent dating efforts place it somewhere c. 1500-1510A . <   The original text appears to have been written earlier than the manuscript itself ; the text refers to both a volcanic eruption and an earthquake in 1211 as contemporary events , and Orkney is stated to be under Norwegian rule .

neg: Scandinavian Peninsula The Scandinavian Peninsula ( Skandinaviska halvön Den skandinaviske halvøy Skandinavian niemimaa ? Скандинавский полуостров , Skandinavsky poluostrov ) is a peninsula in Northern Europe , which generally comprises the mainland of Sweden , the mainland of Norway ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering Russia ) , the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the Pechengsky District of Russia .   The name of the peninsula is derived from the term Scandinavia , the cultural region of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . That cultural name is in turn derived from the name of Scania , the region at the southern extremity of the peninsula which has during periods been part of Denmark , which is the ancestral home of the Danes , and which is now part of Sweden . The derived term `` Scandinavian '' also refers to the Germanic peoples who speak North Germanic languages , considered to be a dialect continuum derived from Old Norse . These modern North Germanic languages found in Scandinavia are Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ; additionally Faroese and Icelandic belong to the same language group , but they are not part of the modern Scandinavian dialect continuum and are not intelligible with the other languages .   The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of Europe , larger than the Balkan , the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas . During the Ice Ages , the sea level of the Atlantic Ocean dropped so much that the Baltic Sea , the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland disappeared , and the countries now surrounding them , including Germany , Poland , the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia , were directly joined by land .

neg: List of people on the postage stamps of Norway Norway has issued stamps since 1855 , and the first person to appear on a Norwegian stamp was the joint Norwegian-Swedish king Oscar II in 1878 . The first non-royal person to appear on a Norwegian stamp was the playwright Henrik Ibsen , to commemorate the centenary of his birth in 1928 followed by the mathematician Niels Henrik Abel later the same year .   Queen Maud was the first woman to appear on a Norwegian stamp , in 1939 , followed by her daughter-in-law Märtha in 1956 . The first non-royal woman was author Camilla Collett in 1963 .   To the matter of `` who 's first '' , several non-royal persons appeared on a 1914 stamp commemorating the centenary of the Constitution of Norway , as the stamp depicted the renowned painting of the 1814 assembly . This list does however only include persons depicted as themselves per se , and does not include stamps where persons appear as a representative of their profession , such as post officers , brass band members etc. . The list also excludes persons that are represented on paintings .

neg: Komsa culture The Komsa culture ( Komsakulturen ) was a Mesolithic culture of hunter-gatherers that existed from around 10,000 BC in Northern Norway .   The culture is named after the Komsa Mountain in the community of Alta , Finnmark , where the remains of the culture were first discovered . The term was first used by Norwegian archaeologist Anders Nummedal ( 1867-1944 ) after the discoveries he made on Komsa Mountain during 1925 . The distinction between a `` Komsa '' type of stone-tool culture north of the Arctic Circle and a `` Fosna '' type from Trøndelag to Oslo Fjord was rendered obsolete in the 1970s . Nowadays both phenomena are ascribed to different types of tools of the same culture .   Recent archeological finds from Finnish Lapland were originally thought to represent an inland aspect of the Komsa culture equally old as the earliest finds from the Norwegian coast . However , this material is now considered to be affiliated with the contemporary Post-Swiderian culture of North Central Russia and the eastern Baltic and thus represents a separate early incursion into northernmost Scandinavia   The commonly held view today is that the earliest settlement of the North Norwegian coast originated on the western and southwestern coast of Norway and ultimately in the final Palaeolithic Ahrensburg culture of northwestern Europe . The Komsa are thought to have followed the Norwegian coastline when receding glaciation at the end of the last ice age ( between 11,000 and 8000 BC ) opened up new areas for settlement . It was formerly believed that some elements may have moved into modern-day Finnmark from the northeast , possibly coming from ice-free coasts of the Kola Peninsula . However , recent research indicates that a number of the coastal sites in the Varangerfjord area previously attributed to the second phase of the `` Komsa '' continuum actually represent an early incursion from the southeast ( northwestern Russia ) and are related to the early Post-Swiderian influx discovered in northernmost Finnish Lapland .   Archaeological evidence indicates that the Komsa culture was almost exclusively sea-oriented , living mainly off seal hunting and being able boatbuilders and fishermen . In comparison to the southern Norway 's contemporary Fosna variety of this same culture , stone tools and other implements appear relatively crude . This has been explained with a paucity of flintstone in the region .

neg: Borgarting The Borgarting was one of the major popular assemblies or things ( lagting ) of medieval Norway . Historically it was the site of the court and assembly for the southern coastal region of Norway from the south-eastern border with Sweden , westwards to the today 's Risør in Aust-Agder .   Borgarting was named after its seat , the town of Borg ( today Sarpsborg ) . It was established before 1164 when it absorbed the districts Grenland and Telemark . When Norway was united as a kingdom , the first lagtings were constituted as superior regional assemblies.The ancient regional assemblies -- Frostating , Gulating , Eidsivating and Borgarting -- were eventually joined into a single jurisdiction . King Magnus Lagabøte had the existing body of law put into writing ( 1263 -- 1280 ) . In 1274 , Magnus promulgated the new national law ( Magnus Lagabøtes landslov ) , a unified code of laws to apply for the Kingdom of Norway . This compilation of the codified Gulating laws ( Gulatingsloven ) applied throughout the realm extending to overseas possessions including the Faroe islands and Shetland .

neg: Military history of Norway The military history of Norway commences before the Viking age with the internal wars fought between regional kings to obtain the supreme kingship of the whole of Norway . The most famous period of Norwegian history and thus military history is the Viking age , but the early Middle Ages was the era when Norwegian military power in Europe reached its peak . Since then the Norwegian military has experienced long periods of neglect , but also rearmament and victories .


query: David Hasselhoff has appeared in American television programs.

pos: Baywatch Baywatch is an American action drama series about the Los Angeles County Lifeguards who patrol the beaches of Los Angeles County , California , starring David Hasselhoff . The show was canceled after its first season on NBC , but survived through syndication and later became one of the most watched television shows in the world . The show ran in its original title and format from 1989 to 1999 . From 1999 to 2001 , with a setting change and large cast overhaul , it was known as Baywatch Hawaii '' .

pos: David Hasselhoff David Michael Hasselhoff ( born July 17 , 1952 ) , nicknamed `` The Hoff '' , is an American actor , singer , producer , and businessman , who set a Guinness World Record as the most watched man on TV .  He first gained recognition on The Young and The Restless , playing Dr. Snapper Foster . His career continued with his leading role as Michael Knight on Knight Rider and as L.A. County Lifeguard Mitch Buchannon in the series Baywatch . Hasselhoff produced Baywatch from the 1990s until 2001 when the series ended with Baywatch Hawaii . On screen , he appeared in films including Click , Dodgeball , The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie , and Hop .   In 2000 , he made his Broadway debut in the musical Jekyll & Hyde . Following his debut , he starred in other musicals including Chicago and The Producers .

pos: Knight Rider (1982 TV series) Knight Rider is an American television series created and produced by Glen A. Larson . The series was originally broadcast on NBC from 1982 to 1986 . The show stars David Hasselhoff as Michael Knight , a high-tech modern crime fighter assisted by KITT , an advanced artificially intelligent , self-aware and nearly indestructible car . This was the last series Larson devised at Universal Television before he moved to 20th Century Fox .

neg: David Downing (actor) David Downing is an American stage , film , and television actor . He was one of the original members of the Negro Ensemble Company in New York City .   Downing , a native of Harlem , New York City , attended the High School of Performing Arts . As a child actor , he made his professional debut on Broadway in The Green Pastures . He served a tour of duty with the U.S. Armed Forces in Okinawa .   As part of the Negro Ensemble Company in the 1960s and 70s , Downing appeared in productions including the Obie Award-winning musical The Great MacDaddy , and the successful play Ceremonies in Dark Old Men . Downing later appeared in the Pulitzer Prize-nominated play , Miss Evers ' Boys .   Downing has appeared in films , including Gordon 's War , and numerous television shows , including The Jeffersons , Baretta , Backstairs at the White House , and Fresh Prince of Bel-Air .

neg: List of American television shows based on foreign shows Many US television series are based , copied , or derived from television shows from other countries .

neg: David Hodges (CSI) David Hodges is a fictional character on the CBS crime drama , CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , portrayed by Wallace Langham . Hodges has a habit of giving far more information than anyone wants to hear while explaining things and is very afraid of germs .

neg: Stephanie Langhoff Stephanie Langhoff is an American film and television producer . She is the president of Duplass Brothers Productions .

neg: David Chokachi David Chokachi ( born David Al-Chokhachy ; January 16 , 1968 ) is an American film and television actor . He is known for his role in the TV series Witchblade , Baywatch , and Beyond The Break .

neg: Ellen David Ellen David is a Canadian actress . She was co-nominated for a 2007 Gemini Award for Best Ensemble Performance in a Comedy Program or Series in The Business episode Check Please and nominated for a 2005 Prix Gemeaux for Meilleur rôle de soutien féminin : comédie ( Best supporting actress : comedy ) .   Her other roles include Tripping the Rift , Arthur , Mambo Italiano , Law & Order , Ciao Bella , Naked Josh , For Better or For Worse , Mona the Vampire , Simon in the Land of Chalk Drawings , Postcards from Buster , Animal Crackers , Fred 's Head , Are You Afraid of the Dark ? , Pig City , Daft Planet , What 's with Andy ? , Splinter Cell , The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo , Sirens , Largo Winch , 2001 : A Space Travesty , A Walk on the Moon , Random Encounter , Afterglow , Moose TV , Caillou , Princess Sissi , Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! , Lucky Luke , The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures , Spaced Out , Billy and Buddy , Marsupilami , Wunschpunsch , Edward , A Miss Mallard Mystery , Winx Club , Jim Button , Prudence Gumshoe , Pet Pals , Creepschool , The Kids from Room 402 , Kitou , Tupu , Shaolin Kids , The Bellflower Bunnies , Fred the Caveman , X-DuckX , My Goldfish is Evil , Lola and Virginia , The Tofus , Potatoes and Dragons , Tommy and Oscar , Nunavut , Dragon Hunters , Mica , Wombat City , Gene Fusion , Iron Nose , Martin Morning , Kit and Kaboodle , Okura , Pinocchio 3000 , Deadbolt , Barney 's Version , Urban Angel , Scent of Murder , Going to Kansas City , Fatal Affair , Street Legal , Night Heat and 18 to Life .   She was a graduate of Wagar High School . Her voice can be heard on the PBS series Sagwa , the Chinese Siamese Cat as Mama Miao .

neg: List of Harry's Law episodes Harry 's Law is an American legal comedy-drama television series created by David E. Kelley , which premiered on NBC on January 17 , 2011 . The show revolves around Harriet Korn ( Kathy Bates ) , a recently fired patent lawyer , and her group of associates as they come together to form a unique law practice in a rundown shoe store in Cincinnati .

neg: Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 .   Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide .   At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .

neg: Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast .   In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run .   Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy .   Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes .   It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle .   Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .

neg: Scandal Sheet (1985 film) Scandal Sheet is a 1985 American made-for-television film directed by David Lowell Rich and starring Burt Lancaster . The film first aired on ABC on January 21 , 1985 .

neg: David W. Zucker David W. Zucker is President of Television for Scott Free , and Executive Producer of the landmark series adaptation of Philip K. Dick 's classic `` The Man in the High Castle '' for Amazon , esteemed Civil War medical drama `` Mercy Street '' on PBS , the forthcoming first season of the Amazon half-hour action-comedy starring Jean-Claude Van Damme as `` Jean-Claude Van Johnson , '' the AMC anthological psychological thriller `` The Terror , '' `` The Good Fight , '' the widely acclaimed CBS all-access spin-off of `` The Good Wife , '' and `` Killing Reagan , '' the fourth in the acclaimed National Geographic channel series of `` Killing '' telefilms ( which include `` Killing Jesus '' and `` Killing Kennedy , '' both Emmy-nominated , plus the docudrama `` Killing Lincoln '' ) . During his tenure , Scott Free has produced a steady stream of highly acclaimed programs including the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated , Peabody-winning drama , `` The Good Wife , '' which recently concluded its 7th and final season on CBS , as well as `` Numb3rs , '' which ran for six successful seasons on the same network . Notable long form programs include `` Klondike '' for Discovery , the Emmy and Golden Globe-nominated `` The Pillars of the Earth '' for Starz , `` World Without End '' for Reelz , Emmy-nominated `` Into the Storm '' for HBO , Emmy-nominated `` The Andromeda Strain '' and `` Coma '' for A&E , the Golden Globe-nominated `` The Company '' at TNT and a feature-length digital series for X-Box/Microsoft , `` Halo : Nightfall . '' Acclaimed non-fiction programs include `` Crimes of the Century '' and the Emmy-winning documentary special `` Gettysburg '' for History Channel . Previously , Zucker worked as a Story Editor on the CBS series , Judging Amy , wrote pilot scripts for CBS and ABC , as well as various stage plays , and served as VP of Drama Series for CBS in addition to VP of Drama Series & Current Programs at Warner Bros. . TV .

neg: L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 .   Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff .   In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles .   The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .

neg: David Patrick Kelly David Patrick Kelly ( born January 23 , 1951 ) is an American actor and musician who has appeared in numerous films and television series . He is widely known for roles such as Luther in the cult 1979 film The Warriors , and another character named Luther in the 1982 Eddie Murphy film 48 Hrs. , Sully in the 1985 Arnold Schwarzenegger film Commando , Jerry Horne in Twin Peaks , and T-Bird in the 1994 film The Crow .

neg: The D.A. (1971 TV series) The D.A. is an American half-hour legal drama that aired Fridays at 8:00 -8:30 pm on NBC for the 1971-72 season . It ran from September 17 , 1971 to January 7 , 1972 and was replaced by the more successful Sanford and Son the following week . The show was packaged by Jack Webb 's Mark VII Limited for Universal Television and is not to be confused with a show Webb produced in 1959 with a similar name , The D.A. 's Man , which starred John Compton in the lead role .

neg: In Case of Emergency (TV series) In Case of Emergency is an American half-hour sitcom television series shown on ABC in the United States . The series follows a group of high school acquaintances whose lives have not turned out as they hoped . It premiered on January 3 , 2007 , at 9:30 pm and ended on April 11 , 2007 . The pilot episode was directed by Jon Favreau and the cast included Jonathan Silverman , David Arquette , Lori Loughlin , Kelly Hu , and Greg Germann .   ABC gave early renewal notices to several of its series on March 21 , 2007 but In Case of Emergency was not one of them .   On April 12 , 2007 , ABC announced that the show had been officially cancelled , leaving one episode unaired , which has since been broadcast internationally .

neg: The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies .   The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .

neg: The Bulkin Trail The Bulkin Trail is a 1992 , 25 minute Christmas short directed by Michael J. Nathanson .   The movie stars David Hasselhoff and centers around a man named Dimitri and his younger sister , Evelyn .   In 1994 , the film was nominated for a Young Artist Award for Outstanding Family TV Special , M.O.W. or Mini-Series .

neg: David Chase David Chase ( born August 22 , 1945 ) is an American writer , director and television producer . Chase has worked in television for 40 years ; he has produced and written for such shows as The Rockford Files , I 'll Fly Away , and Northern Exposure . He has created two original series ; the first , Almost Grown , aired for 10 episodes in 1988 and 1989 . Chase is best known for his second original series , the influential and critically acclaimed HBO drama The Sopranos , which aired for six seasons between 1999 and 2007 . A prominent figure in American television , Chase has won seven Emmy Awards .

neg: David Morse (actor) David Bowditch Morse ( born October 11 , 1953 ) is an American actor , singer , director and writer . He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack `` Boomer '' Morrison in the medical drama series St. Elsewhere ( 1982 -- 88 ) . He continued his film career with roles in The Negotiator , Contact , The Green Mile , Disturbia , The Long Kiss Goodnight , The Rock and 12 Monkeys .   In 2006 , Morse had a recurring role as Detective Michael Tritter on the medical drama series House , for which he received an Emmy Award nomination . He portrayed George Washington in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams , which garnered him a second Emmy nomination . He has also received acclaim for his portrayal of Uncle Peck on the Off-Broadway play How I Learned to Drive , earning a Drama Desk Award and Obie Award . He had success on Broadway too , portraying James `` Sharky '' Harkin in The Seafarer . From 2010 to 2013 , he portrayed Terry Colson , an honest police officer in a corrupt New Orleans police department , on the HBO series Treme . He currently stars in the WGN America series Outsiders .

neg: David Nutter David Nutter ( born 1960 ) is an American television and film director and television producer . He is best known for directing pilot episodes for television . In 2015 , he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series , for his work on the HBO series , Game of Thrones .


query: Daz Dillinger is a stage name.

pos: Daz Dillinger Delmar Drew Arnaud ( born May 25 , 1973 ) , better known by his stage name Daz Dillinger ( formerly Dat Nigga Daz ) , is an American rapper and record producer from Long Beach , California . Dillinger is best known for his membership in the duo Tha Dogg Pound , alongside Kurupt , as well as his work with Death Row Records .

neg: D. O. (rapper) D.O ( a.k.a. Defy the Odds ; real name Duane Gibson ) is a Canadian rapper , motivational speaker and author . He is known for setting the Guinness World Record for the longest freestyle rap in 2003 .

neg: Platinum in da Ghetto Platinum In da Ghetto is the fifth studio album of Houston rapper Lil ' Keke . It was released on November 16 , 2001 and features guest appearances from 8Ball & MJG , E.S.G. , Slim Thug , C-Note , Big Hawk and more . There is also a screwed & chopped version available .

neg: S.D.E. (album) S.D.E. ( Sports , Drugs & Entertainment ) is the second studio album by Harlem rapper Cam ` ron . The album was originally titled `` The Rough , Rough , Rough Album '' and was set for a 1999 release , however the project was pushed back to 2000 and many new songs were recorded . The album was finally released on September 19 , 2000 , by Epic Records . It features guest appearances from Destiny 's Child , Noreaga , Dutch & Spade from the rap group Major Figgas , Ol' Dirty Bastard , Prodigy ( of Mobb Deep ) , and his Diplomats group members Freekey Zekey , Juelz Santana , and Jim Jones .

neg: To Live and Die in CA To Live and Die in CA is the second compilation album by rapper Daz Dillinger . It was released on October 1 , 2002 through D.P.G. Recordz .

neg: Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) .   Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album .   Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States .   In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold .   Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' .   In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States .   The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States .   The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle .  Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks .  In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan .   The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts .   The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week .  In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States .   In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US .   Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 .   In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 .   In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks  n  His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums .   Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .

neg: Ratchet (slang) Ratchet is a slang term in hip hop that in the strictest sense refers to an uncouth female , and is a Louisianan regiolect of `` wretched '' . The term has devolved to multiple meanings and connotations and is not bound by race or gender . The term gained popularity in 2012 through music artists and celebrities . It has been used similarly as the word `` ghetto '' . `` Ratchet '' can be used as an adjective , noun , or verb . The word has evolved to have many different meanings , and it can have either a positive or negative connotation . Some African-American women have reappropriated the word and embrace the meaning , whereas others point to how the term reinforces the negative portrayal of African-American women in the media .   Numerous music artists have referred to the term `` ratchet '' in their songs . In November 2012 , LL Cool J released a single called `` Ratchet '' . In December 2012 , Beyoncé posted a picture of her wearing earrings that contained the word `` ratchet '' in it . Juicy J , Lil Debbie , Cam ` ron , Future , and Lil ' Boosie are some other artists who have also used the term in their music . Miley Cyrus had been criticized by some as appropriating ratchet culture .   The word ratchet first appeared in publication in 1999 , with the song `` Do the Ratchet '' by Anthony Mandigo from Shreveport , Louisiana . Mandigo reportedly learned the term from his grandmother . In 2004 , a new version of the song was recorded . The producer of the song named Earl Williams , also known as Phunk Dawg , wrote the definition in the CD liner notes : `` n. , pron. , v , adv. , 1 . To be ghetto , real , gutter , nasty . 2 . It 's whatever , bout it , etc. . ''

neg: Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps .   The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work .   Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .

neg: Witit Witit Witit Witit is the fourteenth studio album by producer and rapper Daz . It was released on December 4 , 2012 , through Dogg Pound Records .

neg: Psychopathic Rydas Psychopathic Rydas is an American hip hop group based in Detroit , Michigan . Formed in 1999 , the group consists of Psychopathic Records-associated rappers performing under alternate stage names in the style of gangsta rap . The group 's current lineup consists of Insane Clown Posse , Twiztid Drive-By , and Boondox . Anybody Killa was on the albums Check Your Shit in Bitch ! and Limited Edition EP in 2004 , left the label and group in 2007 , and returned in 2011 for the albums EatShitnDie and Backdoor Ryda EP . The group 's current lineup is : Insane Clown Posse members as Bullet and Full Clip , Twiztid members as Lil Shank and Foe Foe , Drive-By members as Cell Block and Sawed Off , and Boondox as Yung Dirt . There have been 2 previous members of Myzery as Twin Gatz and Esham as Converse .

neg: The Lost Tape (mixtape) The Lost Tape is the tenth mixtape by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent . The mixtape , hosted by DJ Drama , is 50 Cent 's first `` Gangsta Grillz '' mixtape . It was released as a free download on May 22 , 2012 .

neg: Dae Dae Marquavis Goolsby ( born July 29 , 1992 ) , better known by his stage name Dae Dae , is an American rapper from Atlanta , Georgia . He is known for his debut single `` Wat U Mean ( Aye , Aye , Aye ) . ''

neg: Wu-Syndicate Wu-Syndicate is a group from Virginia consisting of Joe Mafia , Napoleon , and Myalansky ( who named himself after the gangster Meyer Lansky ) . They were originally called Crime Syndicate but changed their name to Wu-Syndicate when they signed to Wu-Tang Records and became Wu-Tang Clan affiliates . After debuting on the compilation Wu-Tang Killa Bees : The Swarm in 1998 , their self-titled debut album Wu-Syndicate was released in 1999 on both Wu-Tang Records and their own label Slot Time Records . The album was , like most releases from Wu-Tang Clan affiliates during this time enjoyed moderately successful sales with the single `` Where Wuz Heaven '' going gold . Soon after the release there was a dispute of an unknown origin between the group and Wu-Tang Records and the group briefly changed their name to The Syndicate until 2009 with eventual reconciliation and the release of their second official album Grimlenz , produced mostly by Antagonist Dragonspit of Virginia Beach , VA. . Both Myalansky and Napoleon continue to work with Joe Mafia but have refused to work with each other since the release of their first album . In an interview Napoleon stated that though they have always clashed , `` Mya is still my dude though regardless '' . The group has maintained ties with various members of the Wu-Tang Family . Napoleon is currently working on a project with fellow Wu-Tang alumni Solomon Childs , Shaka Amazulu , and Dexter Wiggle called `` Illuminati Network '' . Joe Mafia released his debut solo album This One in 2002 and founded his own label called 58 West Diamond Street Records . Napoleon released his first solo album , Kingpin Wit Da Inkpen in 2007 and a mixtape titled Mark of the Beast in 2011 . Myalansky released his first solo album , Drastic Measures in 2008 and a mixtape a few years later in 2011 AMW.Com . Myalansky has also been working with California rapper Mitchy Slick and has released two more volumes of his AMW.Com mixtape series . In 2013 Myalansky and Joe Mafia featured on the song `` Golden Age Rapper '' by CHG Unfadable .

neg: D12 D12 , an initialism for The Dirty Dozen , is an American hip hop group from Detroit , Michigan . D12 has had chart-topping albums in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . D12 was formed in 1996 , and achieved mainstream success after Eminem rose to international fame . The original lineup consisted of the members and their alter egos . This is where Slim Shady came from . D12 released the album Devil 's Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004 , spawning numerous hits such as `` Fight Music '' , `` Purple Pills '' , `` My Band '' , `` How Come '' and `` Shit on You '' throughout that period . Since 2006 , Eminem 's hiatus and the death of the member Proof resulted in them being less active in subsequent years .

neg: Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego .   One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .

neg: School Dayz School Dayz is the first and only studio album released by child rapper Baby DC .   It was released on September 29 , 1998 as the first release through Too Short and Jive Records ' $ hort Records imprint . Bay-Area producer and frequent Too Short collaborator Ant Banks handled most of the album 's production .   School Dayz was released before So So Def 's Lil ' Bow Wow and No Limit 's Lil Soldiers and Lil Romeo were releasing charting albums . However , due to limited promotion , School Dayz did not reach any Billboard charts . However , the single `` Bounce , Rock , Skate , Roll '' did make it to both the R&B and rap charts .

neg: Calez Marcale Jenkins , better known by his stage name Calez , is an American rapper and record producer from Chicago , Illinois . He is best known for his collaborations with Chicago rappers Alex Wiley and Chance the Rapper , most notably the hit 2015 single , `` Navigator Truck . '' Calez is a member of the Chicago hip-hop collective , `` 2000eighties . ''

neg: Rock da most Rock Da Most is a German-based hip-hop group in Berlin . The group is composed of members DJ Derezone , DJ Run X Kid , MC Roskoe and MC Blacky . Credited with releasing the first record by a West German hip-hop group , Rock Da Most released Use the Posse in 1988 prior to the reunification of West and East Germany .   Birthed by the hip-hop scene in Germany , Rock Da Most , like other hip-hop artists and groups , were influenced by the images of American hip-hop circulating at the time . During the late 1970s to mid 1980 's , Germany experienced its short era of an old-school hip hop scene after Charlie Ahearn 's 1982 film Wild Style and the 1984 film Beat Street produced by Harry Belafonte . Through the depiction of an African-American/Latino-American youth street culture in America , films like these influenced the hip-hop scene in Germany as well as its manifestation .

neg: Wiz Khalifa Cameron Jibril Thomaz ( born September 8 , 1987 ) , better known by his stage name Wiz Khalifa , is an American rapper , songwriter , and actor . He released his debut album , Show and Prove , in 2006 , and signed to Warner Bros. . Records in 2007 . His Eurodance-influenced single , `` Say Yeah '' , received urban radio airplay , charting on the Rhythmic Top 40 and Hot Rap Tracks charts in 2008 .   Khalifa parted with Warner Bros. and released his second album , Deal or No Deal , in November 2009 . He released the mixtape Kush and Orange Juice as a free download in April 2010 ; he then signed with Atlantic Records . He is also well known for his debut single for Atlantic , `` Black and Yellow '' , which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . His debut album for the label , Rolling Papers , was released on March 29 , 2011 . He followed that album with O.N.I.F.C. on December 4 , 2012 , which was backed by the singles `` Work Hard , Play Hard '' and `` Remember You '' . Wiz released his fourth album Blacc Hollywood on August 18 , 2014 , backed by the lead single `` We Dem Boyz '' . In March 2015 , he released `` See You Again '' for the soundtrack of the film Furious 7 and the song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for 12 non-consecutive weeks .

neg: Swizz Beatz discography The discography of Swizz Beatz , an American hip hop record producer and recording artist , consists of one studio album , one compilation album , one mixtape , thirty-nine singles ( including thirty-one as a featured artist ) , three promotional singles and thirty-three music videos .

neg: ColleGrove ColleGrove is the third studio album by American hip hop recording artist 2 Chainz . It was released on March 4 , 2016 , by Def Jam Recordings . The album is the debut LP between 2 Chainz and fellow American rapper Lil Wayne under the stage name ColleGrove , but due to Wayne 's ongoing lawsuit with Cash Money Records , only 2 Chainz was credited as the primary artist . The album includes production from several high-profile record producers ; including Mike Will Made It , TM88 , Infamous , Zaytoven , Lil ' C , Metro Boomin , Ben Billions and London on da Track , among others . ColleGrove received generally positive reviews from critics and it debuted at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 . Complex awarded it the 29th best album of 2016 .