query: Bill Clinton was the 42nd U.S. President.

pos: Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton ( born August 19 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 . Prior to the Presidency he was the 40th Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and the state 's 42nd Governor from 1983 to 1992 . Before that , he served as Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979 . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat , and many of his policies reflected a centrist `` Third Way '' political philosophy .   Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and is an alumnus of Georgetown University , where he was a member of Kappa Kappa Psi and the Phi Beta Kappa Society ; he earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford . Clinton is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton , who served as United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 and U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 , and was the Democratic nominee for President in 2016 . Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham both earned degrees from Yale Law School , where they met and began dating . As Governor of Arkansas , Clinton overhauled the state 's education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association .   Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992 , defeating incumbent Republican opponent George H. W. Bush . At age 46 , he became the third-youngest president ( behind Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy ) and the first from the Baby Boomer generation . Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history and signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement . After failing to pass national health care reform , the Democratic House was ousted when the Republican Party won control of the Congress in 1994 , for the first time in 40 years . Two years later , in 1996 , Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second term . Clinton passed welfare reform and the State Children 's Health Insurance Program , as well as financial deregulation measures , including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 .   In 1998 , Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives for perjury before a grand jury and obstruction of justice during a lawsuit against him , both related to a scandal involving White House ( and later Department of Defense ) employee Monica Lewinsky . Clinton was acquitted by the U.S. Senate in 1999 and served his complete term of office .   The Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus between the years 1998 and 2000 , the last three years of Clinton 's presidency . In foreign policy , Clinton ordered U.S. military intervention in the Bosnian and Kosovo wars , signed the Iraq Liberation Act in opposition to Saddam Hussein , and participated in the 2000 Camp David Summit to advance the Israeli -- Palestinian peace process .   Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U.S. President since World War II . Since then , Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work . He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes , such as the prevention of AIDS and global warming . In 2004 , Clinton published his autobiography , My Life . He has remained active in politics by campaigning for Democratic candidates , including his wife 's campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008 and 2016 , and Barack Obama 's presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2012 .   In 2009 , Clinton was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti , and after the 2010 Haiti earthquake , Clinton teamed with George W. Bush to form the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund . Since leaving office , Clinton has been rated highly in public opinion polls of U.S. Presidents .

neg: Unitary executive theory The unitary executive theory is a theory of American constitutional law holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch . The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution , which vests `` the executive power '' of the United States in the President .   Although that general principle is widely accepted , there is disagreement about the strength and scope of the doctrine . It can be said that some favor a `` strongly unitary '' executive , while others favor a `` weakly unitary '' executive . The former group argue , for example , that Congress 's power to interfere with intra-executive decision-making ( such as firing executive branch officials ) is limited , and that the President can control policy-making by all executive agencies within the limits set for those agencies by Congress . Still others agree that the Constitution requires a unitary executive , but believe this to be a bad thing , and propose its abolition by constitutional amendment .   In several states , in contrast to the federal government , executive officers such as lieutenant governor , attorney general , comptroller , secretary of state and others are elected independently of the state 's governor , with Texas being one example . This type of executive structure is known as a plural executive . Another type of plural executive , used in Japan , Israel , and Sweden , though not in any U.S. state , in which a collegial body comprises the executive branch - however , that collegial body does not comprise multiple members elected in elections , but is rather more akin to the US Cabinet in formation and structure .

neg: List of Presidents of the United States by age This is a list of presidents of the United States by age . The first table charts the age of each United States president at the time of presidential inauguration ( first inauguration if elected to multiple and consecutive terms ) , upon leaving office , and at the time of death . Each president 's lifespan ( age at death ) is measured in two ways , to allow for the differing number of leap days that each experienced . The first figure is the number of days between the president 's date of birth and date of death , allowing for leap days ; in parentheses , the same period is given in years and days , with the years being the number of whole years that the president lived , and the days being the number of days since the last birthday . Where the president is still living , their lifespan is calculated up to . The second table includes those presidents who had the distinction among their peers of being the oldest living president , and charts both when they became and ceased to be oldest living .

neg: New Democrats New Democrats , also called Centrist Democrats , Clinton Democrats or Moderate Democrats , are a relatively `` centrist '' ideological faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory of Republican George H. W. Bush in the 1988 presidential election . Describing themselves as `` centrist '' , they are an economically conservative and `` Third Way '' faction which dominated the party for around 20 years , starting in the late 1980s after the US populace turned much further to the political right . They are represented by organizations such as the New Democrat Network and the New Democrat Coalition .

neg: Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law .   The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .

neg: United States presidential election in New Mexico, 1996 The 1996 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 5 , 1996 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1996 United States presidential election . New Mexico voters chose 5 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President .   New Mexico was won by incumbent United States President Bill Clinton of Arkansas , who was running against Kansas Senator Bob Dole . Clinton ran a second time with former Tennessee Senator Al Gore as Vice President , and Dole ran with former New York Congressman Jack Kemp .   New Mexico weighed in for this election as 1 % more Republican than the national average .

neg: President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site The President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site is located at 117 South Hervey Street ( U.S. Route 278 ) in Hope , Arkansas . Built in 1917 by Dr. H. S. Garrett , in this house the 42nd President of the United States Bill Clinton spent the first four years of his life , having been born at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope on August 19 , 1946 . The house was owned by his grandparents , Edith Grisham and James Eldridge Cassidy , and they cared for him when his mother , Virginia , was away working as an anesthetist in New Orleans .   On May 19 , 1994 , the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places ( as `` Bill Clinton Birthplace '' ) . Tours were offered by the Clinton Birthplace Foundation . In accordance with the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 ( § 7002 ) , the Secretary of the Interior accepted the property on December 14 , 2010 , establishing it as a national historic site and a unit of the National Park System . This change in status was originally proposed by Senator Mark Pryor of Arkansas . Bill Clinton and Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar formally dedicated the site on April 16 , 2011 .

neg: Sentencing Act of 1987 The Sentencing Act of 1987 ( Pub.L . 100-182 ) enacted some changes to the federal sentencing regime in the United States . The legislation amended to permit expressly departures based on circumstances of an exceptional `` kind '' or `` degree . '' The insertion of this new language was described by the manager of the House bill , Representative John Conyers , as `` clarifying '' in nature because it simply made explicit in the law that which was previously described in the Senate Committee Report as implicit and intended . There is evidence that under the new regime , sentences may not have increased as much as expected : although the average prison term for trial sentences increases post‐reforms , there is no systematic increase in the average length of the pleas .   Additionally , the law abolished parole for federal prisoners and created the United States Sentencing Commission . The commission makes the guidelines used by federal judges when sentencing people convicted of a federal crime .   The bill was introduced by Senator Joseph Biden on October 27 , 1987 . It was signed into law on December 7 , 1987 , by President Ronald Reagan .

neg: George W. Bush George Walker Bush ( born July 6 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 . He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 . After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975 , he worked in the oil industry . Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter . He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election . Bush was elected president in 2000 after a close and controversial win over Democratic rival Al Gore , becoming the fourth president to be elected while receiving fewer popular votes than his opponent .   From a prominent political family , he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush , the 41st President of the United States , making him only the second president to assume the nation 's highest office after his father , following the lead of John Quincy Adams . His brother , Jeb Bush , a former Governor of Florida , was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election . His paternal grandfather , Prescott Bush , was a United States Senator from Connecticut .   The September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bush 's first term as president . Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine : launching a `` War on Terror '' , an international military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001 and the Iraq War in 2003 . He also promoted policies on the economy , health care , education , Social Security reform , and amending the Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage . He signed into law broad tax cuts , the Patriot Act , the No Child Left Behind Act , the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act , Medicare prescription drug benefits for seniors , and funding for the AIDS relief program known as PEPFAR . His tenure included national debates on immigration , Social Security , electronic surveillance , and torture .   In the 2004 Presidential race , Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another relatively close election . After his re-election , Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the political spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War , Hurricane Katrina , and other challenges . Amid this criticism , the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections . In December 2007 , the United States entered its longest post-World War II recession , often referred to as the `` Great Recession '' , prompting the Bush administration to obtain congressional passage of multiple economic programs intended to preserve the country 's financial system . Nationally , Bush was both one of the most popular and unpopular presidents in history , having received the highest recorded presidential approval ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks , as well as one of the lowest approval ratings during the 2008 financial crisis .   Bush left office in 2009 , returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford . He wrote a memoir , Decision Points . His presidential library was opened in 2013 . His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians ' polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s .

neg: List of Presidents of the United States who were Freemasons Of the 44 people who have been President of the United States , roughly one-third ( 14 , or by some counts 15 * ) were Freemasons . Along with the presidents listed below , Lyndon Johnson had been initiated into the 1st Degree of Freemasonry ( an `` Entered Apprentice '' ) but did not advance any further and did not become a full member of his lodge , Ronald Reagan was made an honorary Freemason , and Bill Clinton as a youth was a member of the Order of DeMolay .   * - Because of LBJ 's initiation into the fraternal organization , many lists of Freemason Presidents include him , with a total of 15 .   ( It can also be noted that some historians state that David Rice Atchison , member of Platte Lodge No. 56 , Mo , served as `` Ex-officio president '' for one day : March 4 , 1849 . )

neg: Bill Clinton presidential campaign Bill Clinton , the 42nd President of the United States , has successfully run for president twice :   * Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1992  Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1996

neg: 1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on January 23 , 1996 . The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton 's first term . This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget .   President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that `` the era of big government is over , '' and continued , `` but we can not go back to the time when our citizens were left to fend for themselves . We must go forward as one America , one nation working together , to meet the challenges we face together . Self-reliance and teamwork are not opposing virtues -- we must have both . '' The president discussed welfare reform , the V-chip , education , community policing , crime and the environment . The president also discussed foreign relations and the federal budget .   The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . He stated that '' -LSB- President Clinton -RSB- is the chief obstacle to a balanced budget and the balanced budget amendment ... . While the President 's words speak of change , his deeds are a contradiction . President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past . ''   Donna Shalala , the Secretary of Health and Human Services , served as the designated survivor .

neg: United States presidential election in Washington (state), 1996 The 1996 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 5 , 1996 as part of the 1996 United States presidential election . Voters chose 11 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Washington was won by President Bill Clinton ( D ) over Senator Bob Dole ( R-KS ) , with Clinton winning 49.84 % to 37.30 % by a margin of 12.54 % . Billionaire businessman Ross Perot ( Reform Party of the United States of America-TX ) finished in third with 8.92 % of the popular vote .

neg: Hillary Clinton email controversy In March 2015 , it became publicly known that Hillary Clinton , during her tenure as United States Secretary of State , had used her family 's private email server for official communications , rather than official State Department email accounts maintained on federal servers . Those official communications included thousands of emails that would retroactively be marked classified by the State Department .   The controversy unfolded against the backdrop of Clinton 's 2016 presidential election campaign and hearings held by the United States House Select Committee on Benghazi . Some experts , officials , and members of Congress have contended that her use of private messaging system software and a private server violated State Department protocols and procedures , as well as federal laws and regulations governing recordkeeping . In response , Clinton has said that her use of personal email was in compliance with federal laws and State Department regulations , and that former secretaries of state had also maintained personal email accounts , though not their own private email servers .   After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question contained classified information , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) initiated an investigation regarding the origin and handling of classified emails on Clinton 's server . The FBI Report found that some of the emails originated in five other intelligence agencies . The FBI found that all classified emails on Clinton 's server were stored and sent from `` unclassified systems '' , violating the same policies as those on Clinton 's personal server .   FBI Director James Comey identified 110 emails as containing information that was classified at the time it was sent , including 65 emails deemed `` Secret '' and 22 deemed `` Top Secret '' . None of these had classification markings . However , as noted in Clinton 's non-disclosure agreement , unmarked classified information should be treated the same as marked classified information . An additional three email chains contained `` portion markings '' , simply a '' ( C ) '' indicating `` Confidential '' in front of one or more paragraphs . These were not included in Comey 's list of 110 because the State Department failed to confirm they were classified at the time they were sent . Clinton told the FBI she did not know the meaning of '' ( C ) '' . Nearly 2,100 emails on the server were retroactively marked as classified by the State Department .   In May 2016 , the State Department 's Office of the Inspector General released an 83-page report about the State Department 's email practices , including Clinton 's . On July 5 , 2016 , Comey announced that the FBI 's investigation had concluded that Clinton was `` extremely careless '' in handling her email system but recommended that no charges be filed against her . On July 6 , 2016 , Attorney General Loretta Lynch announced that no charges would be filed .   On July 7 , the State Department reopened its probe into the email controversy . On October 28 , 2016 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had started looking into newly discovered emails that may be pertinent to the case . Law enforcement officials stated the emails were found on a laptop belonging to Clinton aide Huma Abedin 's husband , Anthony Weiner , during an investigation of his sexting scandals . On November 6 , Comey notified Congress that the FBI had not changed its conclusion , reached in July , regarding Clinton 's emails .

neg: Fifty-state strategy A fifty-state strategy is a political strategy which aims for progress in all states of the United States of America , rather than conceding certain states as `` unwinnable . '' In a presidential campaign , it is usually implemented as an appeal to a broad base of the American public in an attempt to win , even if marginally , every state , since even a marginal victory is effectively total victory for electoral purposes . It can also refer to an overall long-term strategy for a political movement such as a political party .   This strategy is very ambitious and , when used for a specific election , is typically abandoned as the election day draws nearer . In the vast majority of cases , winning a state 's popular vote for president or senator -- even by a small margin -- means the state 's entire representation in the election goes to the victor without being divided . A fifty-state strategy requires a campaign to spend valuable resources in a rival 's strongest states , when those resources could instead be concentrated in swing states that will become a total win or a total loss based on only a small difference in popular votes .   A president has won every state three times : in 1788 and 1792 , George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed , and in 1820 , James Monroe , running unopposed , carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time ( although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes ) . In 1936 , Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states , losing only Maine and Vermont . A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union , although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty : in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only Massachusetts , and in 1984 with Ronald Reagan losing only his rival 's home state of Minnesota . Both also lost the District of Columbia , which has had presidential electors since the Twenty-Third Amendment in 1961 .

neg: United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America .   The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C.   As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere .   The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .

neg: Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson .   Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics .   Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents .   To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .

neg: Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt .   The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party .   McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :

neg: 33rd United States Congress The Thirty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government , consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington , D.C. from March 4 , 1853 , to March 4 , 1855 , during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Franklin Pierce . During this session , the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed , an act that soon led to the creation of the Republican Party . The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850 . Both chambers had a Democratic majority .

neg: United States presidential election in Nebraska, 1992 The 1992 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 3 , 1992 , as part of the 1992 United States presidential election . Voters chose five representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Nebraska was won by incumbent President George H.W. Bush ( R-Texas ) with 46.58 % of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton ( D-Arkansas ) with 29.40 % . Businessman Ross Perot ( I-Texas ) finished in third with 23.63 % of the popular vote . Clinton ultimately won the national vote , defeating both incumbent President Bush and Perot .

neg: United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President .   New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate .   Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % .   New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election .   New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % .   This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County .   A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State .   In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead .   This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .


query: Foo Fighters are a rock band.

pos: Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace is the sixth studio album by rock band Foo Fighters , released on September 25 , 2007 by RCA Records . The album is noted for a blend of regular rock and acoustic rock tracks with shifting dynamics , which emerged from the variety of styles employed on the demos the band produced . It also marks the second time the band worked with producer Gil Norton , whom frontman Dave Grohl brought to fully explore the potential of his compositions and have a record that sounded different from their previous work . Grohl tried to focus on songs with messages that resonated on the audience , writing reflective lyrics which drew inspiration from the birth of his daughter .   Critical reception to Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace was mostly positive , with praise to the sonic variety and songwriting , though some reviewers found the record inconsistent and uninspired . The album topped the charts in the United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand and Austria , and had three successful singles , `` The Pretender '' , `` Long Road to Ruin '' and `` Let It Die '' . Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace was nominated for five Grammy Awards , winning Best Rock Album , and was also awarded the Brit Award of Best International Album .

pos: Franz Stahl Franz Kenneth Stahl ( born October 30 , 1962 ) is an American guitarist , best known for being a member of both the Washington , DC hardcore punk band Scream with his brother Peter Stahl , and the alternative rock band Foo Fighters , led by former Scream and Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl .

pos: One by One (Foo Fighters album) One by One is the fourth studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters , released on October 22 , 2002 by RCA . The album is the first to feature guitarist Chris Shiflett . Production on the album was troubled , with initial recording sessions considered unsatisfying and raising tensions between the band members . They eventually decided to redo the album from scratch during a two-week period at frontman Dave Grohl 's home studio in Alexandria , Virginia . The songs on the album , which include the successful singles `` All My Life '' and `` Times Like These '' , have been noted for their introspective lyrics and a heavier and more aggressive sound compared to the band 's earlier work , which Grohl said was intended to translate the energy of the Foo Fighters ' live performances into a recording .   The album was a commercial success , topping the charts in Australia , Ireland and the United Kingdom and sold over one million copies in the United States . One by One was positively received by critics , winning a Grammy Award for Best Rock Album in 2004 -- the second Grammy Award for Best Rock Album won by the band -- and praised for its sound and production . However , some considered the work inferior to the band 's previous albums , and the musicians themselves eventually grew distasteful of the record as a whole .

pos: Dave Grohl David Eric Grohl ( born January 14 , 1969 ) is an American rock musician , multi-instrumentalist , singer , songwriter , director and producer . He is best known as the founder and frontman of the rock band Foo Fighters , of which he is the lead singer , one of three guitarists , and primary songwriter . He is also well known as the former drummer for the grunge band Nirvana .   Grohl is the drummer and co-founder of the rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures . He additionally wrote all the music and performed all the instruments for his short-lived side projects Late ! and Probot . He has been involved with the rock band Queens of the Stone Age many times throughout the past decade . He has performed as a session drummer for a variety of musicians , including Paul McCartney , Garbage , Killing Joke , Kristeen Young , Nine Inch Nails , David Bowie , The Prodigy , Slash , Iggy Pop , Juliette and the Licks , Tenacious D , RDGLDGRN , Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers , Lemmy , Stevie Nicks , Zac Brown Band and Ghost .

pos: Chris Shiflett Christopher Aubrey `` Chris '' Shiflett ( born May 6 , 1971 ) is best known as the lead guitarist for the rock band Foo Fighters since June 1999 , and the punk rock band No Use for a Name , as well as the punk rock cover band Me First and the Gim me Gimmes . He is the younger brother of musician Scott Shiflett .

pos: Wasting Light Wasting Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters . It was released on April 12 , 2011 on RCA Records , and is the first album to feature rhythm guitarist Pat Smear since The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , making the band a five piece with the album . Wishing to capture the essence of the group 's earlier work and avoid the artificiality of digital recording , frontman Dave Grohl arranged for the band to record in his garage in Encino , California using only analog equipment . The sessions were supervised by producer Butch Vig , with whom Grohl had worked on Nirvana 's Nevermind . Since the old equipment did not allow for many mistakes to be corrected in post-production , the band spent three weeks rehearsing the songs , and Vig had to relearn outdated editing techniques . The band went for a heavier and rawer sound to contrast with the musical experiments from their previous albums , and most of the lyrics were written as Grohl reflected upon his life and possible future . Guest musicians include Bob Mould , Krist Novoselic , Jessy Greene , Rami Jaffe and Fee Waybill .   The recording sessions were documented for fans on the band 's website and Twitter , and the album 's promotion included the documentary Back and Forth and a worldwide concert tour that included concerts played in fans ' garages . Wasting Light was preceded by the successful single `` Rope '' , which became only the second song ever to debut at number one on Billboards Rock Songs chart . The follow-up single , `` Walk '' , also charted highly . The album was a commercial success , debuting at number one in eleven countries , and it received positive reviews from most music critics , who complimented its production and the band 's songwriting . In 2012 , Wasting Light and its songs earned Foo Fighters five Grammy Awards , including Best Rock Album .

pos: The Colour and the Shape The Colour and the Shape is the second studio album by the American rock band Foo Fighters . Produced by Gil Norton , it was released through Capitol Records and the group 's own Roswell Records on May 20 , 1997 . The record is the debut of the Foo Fighters as a group , as the band 's previous record , Foo Fighters ( 1995 ) , was primarily recorded by frontman Dave Grohl and friend Barrett Jones as a demo . After the project ballooned and became an international success , the group convened for pre-production in the fall of 1996 and brought in producer Norton to establish a pop sensibility for the tracks . The band strived to create a full-fledged rock record , although the music press predicted another grunge offshoot .   Primarily inspired by Grohl 's divorce from photographer Jennifer Youngblood in 1996 , the lyricism on the record is substantially more introspective and the music more developed . The album 's track listing was designed to resemble a therapy session , splitting the album between up-tempo tracks and ballads , reflecting conflicting emotions . Early sessions at Washington farm studio Bear Creek were poor and led the band to discard most of the recordings . The band regrouped without drummer William Goldsmith in early 1997 to record a second time at Hollywood 's Grandmaster Recordings , with Grohl sitting in on drums instead . Goldsmith was offended and disgruntled that most of his material was re-recorded and left the band shortly thereafter .   Main singles `` Monkey Wrench '' , `` Everlong '' and `` My Hero '' peaked within the top ten on United States rock radio , and the album charted at number three in the United Kingdom . Critics found the album a significant American rock release of the era , and it is now viewed as a seminal modern rock album . It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1998 for Best Rock Album . The Colour and the Shape is the Foo Fighters ' biggest U.S. seller , having sold over two million copies according to Nielsen SoundScan . The album was remastered and reissued in 2007 with several bonus tracks , celebrating its tenth anniversary .

pos: Foo Fighters Foo Fighters is an American rock band , formed in Seattle , Washington in 1994 . It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the death of Kurt Cobain . The group got its name from the UFOs and various aerial phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II , which were known collectively as `` foo fighters '' .   Prior to the release of Foo Fighters ' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters , which featured Grohl as the only official member , Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith , both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate , as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup . The band began with performances in Portland , Oregon . Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group 's second album , The Colour and the Shape ( 1997 ) , when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself . Smear 's departure followed soon afterward , though he would rejoin them in 2006 .   They were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl , respectively , although Stahl was fired before the recording of the group 's third album , There Is Nothing Left to Lose ( 1999 ) . The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the band 's lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose . The band released its fourth album , One by One , in 2002 . The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor ( 2005 ) , which was split between acoustic songs and heavier material . Foo Fighters released its sixth album , Echoes , Silence , Patience & Grace , in 2007 . The band 's seventh studio album , Wasting Light , produced by Butch Vig was released in 2011 , in which Smear returned as a full member . In November 2014 , the band 's eighth studio album , Sonic Highways , was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name .   Over the course of the band 's career , four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album . As of 2015 , the band 's eight albums have sold 12 million copies in the U.S. , and 30 million worldwide .

pos: Grammy Award for Best Rock Album The Grammy Award for Best Rock Album is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to recording artists for quality albums in the rock music genre . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .   The award for Best Rock Album was first presented to the band The Rolling Stones in 1995 , and the name of the category has remained unchanged since then . According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to `` vocal or instrumental rock , hard rock or metal albums containing at least 51 % playing time of newly recorded material '' . Since 1996 , award recipients have often included the producers , engineers , and/or mixers associated with the nominated work in addition to the recording artists .   The band Foo Fighters holds the record for the most wins in this category , with four . Two-time winners include Sheryl Crow , Green Day , U2 , and Muse . Foo Fighters and Neil Young hold the record for the most nominations , with six . Young also holds the record for the most nominations without a win .

pos: Sonic Highways Sonic Highways is the eighth studio album by the American rock band Foo Fighters . It was produced by Butch Vig and was released on November 10 , 2014 , on RCA Records . In writing the album 's eight songs , singer and guitarist Dave Grohl traveled to eight cities across the United States to conduct interviews with musicians , recording engineers , record producers , and other individuals discussing each city 's musical history , which he used as inspiration for the songs ' lyrics . The band and Vig then traveled to a different recording location in each city to record the songs . Each track features contributions from one or more musicians with ties to that city 's musical history . The process was filmed for a companion television series , Foo Fighters : Sonic Highways , which was broadcast on HBO in the months surrounding the album 's release .

pos: In Your Honor In Your Honor is the fifth studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters , released on June 14 , 2005 by RCA Records . It is a double album , with one disc containing heavy rock songs and a second disc with mellower acoustic songs . Frontman Dave Grohl decided to do a diverse blend of songs as he felt that after ten years of existence , the band had to break new ground with their music . The album was recorded at a newly built studio in Northridge , Los Angeles , and featured guests such as John Paul Jones , Norah Jones and Josh Homme . The lyrics deal with both resonating and introspective themes , with a major influence from Grohl 's involvement on the campaign trail with John Kerry during the 2004 presidential election .   The promotional tour for the album included both rock shows in stadiums and acoustic gigs in smaller venues . Reviews for In Your Honor were mostly positive , praising the composition and sound , although some critics found the album overlong and inconsistent . The album was also nominated for five Grammy Awards , and topped the charts in five countries -- including Australia -- and reached the top five in five more , including number two in both the United States and the United Kingdom . In Your Honor also broke the band 's consecutive streak of Grammy Award for Best Rock Album wins that began in 1999 with There Is Nothing Left to Lose .

pos: Foo Fighters (album) Foo Fighters is the debut studio album by American rock band Foo Fighters , released on July 4 , 1995 , by Capitol Records through Dave Grohl 's label Roswell . Grohl wrote and recorded the entire album himself -- with the exception of a guest guitar spot by Greg Dulli -- with the assistance of producer Barrett Jones at Robert Lang Studios in Seattle , Washington , in 1994 . Grohl claimed he recorded the album just for fun , describing it as a cathartic experience to recover from the death of his Nirvana bandmate Kurt Cobain .   After Grohl completed the recordings , he chose the name `` Foo Fighters '' for the project to hide his identity and passed cassettes copies of the sessions to personal friends . After said tapes attracted record label interest , Grohl signed with Capitol and recruited a full band to perform the songs live . The album was promoted through extensive tours and six singles , two of which received music videos . Foo Fighters earned positive reviews praising the songwriting and performances , and was also a commercial success , becoming the band 's second-best-selling album in the United States and reaching the top five in the charts of United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand .

neg: Fook Fook may refer to :  Fook ( album ) , 1992 album by Pigface

neg: 2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band .   The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song .   Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost .   32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .

neg: Rockin' All Over the World (album) Rockin ' All Over the World is the tenth studio album by the British band Status Quo , released 1977 . It is the first of their records to be produced by Pip Williams , and the first to feature Andy Bown as a regular contributor to the band ; he would later join the band officially in 1982 . It was released in November 1977 , and reached # 5 .   The title track , written and originally recorded by John Fogerty , was released by Quo as a single in September 1977 , reaching a peak position of # 3 . Its b-side was `` Ring of a Change '' , from their previous studio album . No other singles were issued from the album , although `` Ca n't Give You More '' was re-recorded by the band in 1991 for their album `` Rock 'Til You Drop '' and issued as a single , reaching # 37 .   The album was reissued by Mercury in 2005 with a bonus track -- a cover of the Beatles ' `` Getting Better '' , which they had initially recorded in 1976 for the soundtrack of the film All This and World War II -LSB- Catalog # 982 596-9 -RSB- .   This track was not included on the deluxe edition released in late 2015 , however for this reissue the entire album was remixed and re-ordered by original engineer John Eden and added alongside the new remaster . Several of the new mixes feature longer play-outs and the overall sound was stripped back to the core of two guitars , bass and drums , with occasional keyboard parts left in . As a further bonus , four demos were included .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Alice Cooper (band) Alice Cooper was an American rock band formed in Phoenix , Arizona in 1964 . The band consisted of lead singer Vince Furnier , Glen Buxton ( lead guitar ) , Michael Bruce ( rhythm guitar , keyboards ) , Dennis Dunaway ( bass guitar ) , and Neal Smith ( drums ) . Furnier legally changed his name to Alice Cooper and has had a solo career under that name since the band became inactive in 1975 . The band was notorious for their elaborate , theatrical shock rock stage shows .  In 2011 , the original Alice Cooper band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame .   After several years of little success , the Alice Cooper band rose to fame in 1971 with the success of the single `` I 'm Eighteen '' and the album Love It to Death . The band peaked in popularity in 1973 with the album Billion Dollar Babies and its tour , which broke box-office records previously held by The Rolling Stones .

neg: The Fugs (album) The Fugs is a 1966 album by The Fugs , described in their AllMusic profile as `` arguably the first underground rock group of all time '' . The album charted number 95 on Billboard 's `` Top Pop Albums '' chart . The album was re-released on CD in 1993 as The Fugs Second Album under the Fantasy label with five additional tracks : two live performances and three tracks recorded for Atlantic in 1967 for an album that was never released . In its review of the re-release , AllMusic finds them `` very ahead of their time lyrically '' and compares them to the punk band Dead Kennedys , both lyrically and in their shared `` weakness for crude humor '' .   In 2013 , David Bowie included it in a list of 25 of his favourite albums , `` Confessions of a Vinyl Junkie '' .

neg: The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion .   The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 .   The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .

neg: Tuff Enuff (song) `` Tuff Enuff '' is a song by the blues rock band The Fabulous Thunderbirds . It was written by the band 's lead singer Kim Wilson and appeared on the album Tuff Enuff . It was produced by Dave Edmunds .   Released as a single in 1986 , `` Tuff Enuff '' peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , at number four on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and it appeared on the top 20 charts in other countries as well . It was ranked # 96 on VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s .   It was the band 's first single and has since become the band 's most well-known song . It also had an accompanying music video directed by Harry Lake .   The song was covered by Wynonna Judd for her 2000 album , New Day Dawning .   In 2015 , the song was performed by Dave Grohl and his band the Foo Fighters at Austin City Limits , along with guest artists Gary Clark , Jr. and former Thunderbird Jimmie Vaughan .

neg: Dancing Cigarettes The Cigarettes are a popular post-punk and art band based in Bloomington , Indiana and active from 1979 through 1983 . They were part of a cadre of Bloomington-based bands that made an impact on the underground music scene . Other bands included The Gizmos , Zero Boys , Dow Jones and the Industrials , and MX-80 Sound . These bands established Indiana as an innovative breeding ground for punk , post-punk and new wave music in the late 1970s and early 1980s .   The group changed line-ups frequently , but typically consisted of singer/guitarist Michael Gitlin , bassist Emily Bonus , keyboardists and multi-instrumentalists Tim Noe and Jaclyn Oddi , drummer John Terrill , and saxophonist Don Trubey . More avant-pop than post-punk , their music was as eclectic as their members ' musical talents would lead one to believe , ranging from squonky Beefheart rock to bouncy Devo-esque new wave , as evidenced by the brilliant `` Pop Doormat '' , which opens with a deceptively anthemic synth line , then uses an ebullient bass and keyboard melody to underscore a disconsolate lyrical theme that wraps with the repeated question `` What am I waiting for ? ''   The band performed regularly in numerous venues in Bloomington , including Second Story , Bullwinkle 's , the Bluebird , and The Gentry Remedy . The band also traveled extensively and performed a venues throughout the US , including CBGB in New York , the Music Box in Kansas City , Mister Goodbar in Buffalo , Tewligans in Louisville , Space Place in Chicago , and many others .   The Cigarettes ' musical style is most frequently characterized by the repeated use of hard dissonances ( minor 2nd 's , major 7th 's ) in combination with angular rhythmic patterns . At times , dissonances are densely packed , as in the thick web of atonal clusters supporting the lyrics of `` Broken Windows . '' A more spacious use of dissonance is found in `` Simple Machines , '' clarified by an intriguing orchestration of the band 's various instrumental sounds . `` Puppies in a Sack '' and `` Piano Lesson/Smith Street '' share a similar `` additive process '' technique in the gradual building of their dissonant and polytonal textures . Combined with this predominantly modular organization of material is a powerful sense of linear motion frequently provided by the band 's lyrics . Often the emotive verbal scenarios create tenuous implications of direction which counteract the clouds of tonal density . In `` Puppies in a Sack , '' the relentless repetition of `` It was fun for a while '' evokes a resignation to nostalgia , which is arrested by the plaintive admission , `` But that was a while ago ! ''   The group recorded frequently but released very little material ( one 7 '' EP and a few appearances on compilations ) while they were a performing organization . Two CDs of their material have been released in the years since the band broke up .   Discography   1981 , Red Snerts : The Sound of Gulcher LP ( Gulcher 004 ) Various Artists sampler including `` Broken Windows '' . This has been reissued on CD as Gulcher 404   1981 , The Gulcher 7 '' EP ( Gulcher 007 ) Puppies In A Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend   1981 , Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 101 ) Burn in Heaven   1982 , Son of Segments compilation ( Sirius Music 103 ) Dance Dogs Dance   1996 , The School of Secret Music CD ( Turnstile Media TM-2 ) Studio : Bells are Ringing , Burn in Heaven , Jungle Book , Golden Moment , Razor Hand , Heat Pump , Dance Dogs Dance , Bury Your Picture.Live Studio Radio Recordings from Lawrence , Kansas : Poignant , Piano Lesson/Smith Street , Burnt Toast , Nervous and Wrong , Bad Bad Boy , Up Thru the Spiral , Spanish Modern/Insect Boxing , Feel this Pain , Pop Doormat , `` D '' in Anger   2002 , The Gulcher Recordings : 1980-1981 CDStudio : Puppies in a Sack , Mr. Morse , Pop Doormat , Best Friend , Broken Windows , Simple Machines , Poignant ( the final two being outtakes from the EP sessions ) Live at the Bluebird , June 1981 : Whattayawannadonext ? , Mr. Morse , Puppies in a Sack , Talking and Talking , Feel This Pain , Finger Pictures/Razor Hand , Eggs Any Style/Diet of Worms , Banana Industrial Complex , Monsters Eat My Hell , Jackie O/Too Mental For Me , Drawn By You , Burn in Heaven   2016 , Dance Dogs Dance LP ( Magnetic South MS 048 ) Side 1 : Dance Dogs Dance , I Do n't Like Linoleum , Burn in Heaven , Pop Doormat , Bad Bad Boy , Finger Pictures , Razor Hand , Side 2 : Bells are Ringing , Golden Moment , Poignant , Drawn by You , Little Green Thing

neg: Florence and the Machine discography English indie rock band Florence and the Machine have released three studio albums , two live albums , six extended plays , 20 singles , two promotional singles and 23 music videos .   Florence and the Machine released their first extended play , A Lot of Love . A Lot of Blood , in March 2009 . Their debut studio album , Lungs , was released in July 2009 through Island Records , reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in January 2010 . The album was subsequently certified quintuple platinum in the United Kingdom , quadruple platinum in Ireland and triple platinum in Australia . The album 's lead single `` Kiss with a Fist '' peaked at number 51 on the UK Singles Chart . This was succeeded by the single `` Dog Days Are Over '' , which reached number 23 in the UK and number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Third single `` Rabbit Heart ( Raise It Up ) '' reached number 12 in the UK and number 41 in Ireland . `` Drumming Song '' was released as the fourth single , charting at number 54 in the UK . `` You 've Got the Love '' , a cover of The Source 's song of the same name , peaked at number five in the UK and number nine in Australia . A performance at the 2010 BRIT Awards on 17 February 2010 saw the Dizzee Rascal-assisted mash-up `` You Got the Dirtee Love '' debut at number two in the UK . The album 's sixth and final single , `` Cosmic Love '' , peaked at number 51 in the UK and number three in Ireland .   The band 's second studio album , Ceremonials , was released in October 2011 , debuting atop the charts in the UK , Ireland , Australia and New Zealand . The album 's release was preceded by the promotional single `` What the Water Gave Me '' , which peaked at number 24 in the UK , number 13 in Ireland and number 15 in New Zealand . Lead single `` Shake It Out '' became the band 's fifth top-40 hit in the UK , peaking at number 12 upon release in September 2011 . The track also attained international chart success , reaching number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the band 's highest-peaking single in Ireland , where it reached number two . The album also saw the release of singles `` No Light , No Light '' and `` Never Let Me Go '' , which peaked at numbers 50 and 82 on the UK chart , respectively . Their next release `` Spectrum ( Say My Name ) '' peaked at number one in the UK , becoming their first UK number-one single .   In June 2015 , Florence and the Machine released their third studio album , How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful , which debuted at number one in eight countries including the UK and the US and reached the top 10 of 20 countries . The album had sold over a million copies worldwide by the end of 2015 and has been certified platinum in the UK , Australia and Poland , and gold in New Zealand . It was promoted by the singles `` What Kind of Man '' and `` Ship to Wreck '' , which both reached the top 40 in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , as well as `` Queen of Peace '' and `` Delilah '' .

neg: Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' .   Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event .   Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge .   There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act .   The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck .   In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .

neg: Light fighter Light fighters are fighter aircraft towards the low end of the practical range of weight , cost , and complexity over which fighters are fielded . The term lightweight fighter is more commonly used in the modern literature , and by example tends to imply somewhat more capable aircraft than light fighters at the very low end of the practical weight range , but the terms overlap and are sometimes used interchangeably . Whatever term is used , the concept is to be on the generally lower half of the practical range , but still with carefully selected competitive features , in order to project highly effective force per unit of budget via an efficient design . As well designed lightweight fighters have proven able to match or beat heavier aircraft plane for plane for many missions , and to significantly excel them in budgetary efficiency , light/lightweight fighters have proven to be a strategically valuable concept . Attempting to scale this efficiency to still lower cost , some manufacturers have in recent years adopted the term `` light fighter '' to also refer to light primarily air-to-ground attack aircraft , some of which are modified trainer designs .   A key design goal of light/lightweight fighter design is to satisfy standard air-to-air fighter effectiveness requirements . These criteria in order of importance are the ability to benefit from the element of surprise , to have numerical superiority in the air , to have superior maneuverability , and to possess suitable weapon systems effectiveness . Light fighters typically achieve a surprise advantage over larger aircraft due to smaller visual and radar signatures , which is important since in the majority of air-to-air kills the element of surprise is dominant . Their comparative lower cost and higher reliability also allows greater numbers per budget . Finally , while a single engine light fighter would typically only carry about half the weapons load of a heavy twin engine fighter , its surprise and maneuverability advantages often allow it to gain positional advantage to make better use of those weapons .   The light fighter concept first arose in the period between World War I and World War II . Examples include several RAF fighter designs from the pre-World War II ( WWII ) era , and their French counterparts , known as `` Jockey '' aircraft . None of these very light fighters enjoyed success into World War II , as they were too hampered in performance . Similar to the meaning of lightweight fighter today , during World War II the term `` small fighter '' was used to describe a single engine aircraft of competitive performance , range , and armament load , but with no unnecessary weight and cost . Examples of this style of very successful fighter include the Japanese A6M Zero , British Supermarine Spitfire , German Messerschmitt Bf 109 , American P-51 Mustang , and Soviet Yakovlev Yak-3 .   After World War II fighter design moved into the jet era , and many jet fighters basically followed the successful World War II formula of highly efficient mostly single engine designs that tended to be about half the weight and cost of twin engine heavy fighters . Prominent early examples include the English Folland Gnat , the American F-86 Sabre and Northrop F-5 , the Soviet Mikoyan MiG-15 and Mikoyan MiG-21 , the French Mirage III , and the Swedish Saab Draken . More modern lightweight fighters with competitive air-to-air capability ( supersonic aircraft with afterburning engines and modern missile armament ) include the American F-16 , Swedish JAS 39 Gripen , Indian HAL Tejas , Korean FA-50 , Japanese Mitsubishi F-2 , Chinese Chengdu J-10 , and Pakistani/Chinese CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder . The high practical and budgetary effectiveness of modern light fighters for many missions is why the U.S. Air Force adopted both the F-15 and F-16 in a `` hi/lo '' strategy of both an outstanding but expensive heavy fighter and a lower cost but also outstanding lightweight fighter . The investment to maintain a competitive modern lightweight fighter air force is approximately $ 90M to $ 130M ( 2013 dollars ) per plane over a 20-year service life , which is approximately half the cost of heavy fighters , so understanding fighter aircraft design trade-offs and combat effectiveness is of national level strategic importance .

neg: Ducks Deluxe Ducks Deluxe are an English pub rock band of the 1970s , who continue to tour and record new material . Usually called `` The Ducks '' by their fans , they were known for up-tempo , energetic performances , and the successful careers of their members , after they disbanded .

neg: Big Day Out lineups by year This is a comprehensive listing of artists and bands who have performed at Big Day Out listed by year . Big Day Out was an Australian music festival which began in 1992 in Sydney and has expanded since to include several Australian venues and also Auckland , New Zealand . Each year , the line-up of artists changes dramatically , generally maintaining rock as the focal music style , but also featuring many hip-hop , electronica , blues and roots artists . Since its beginning , the line ups have included international acts such as Nirvana , Foo Fighters , Chemical Brothers , Tool , Marilyn Manson , Muse , Nine Inch Nails and Red Hot Chili Peppers while also promoting local Australian and New Zealand artists such as Regurgitator , Powderfinger , Grinspoon , Silverchair , and many others .  __ NOTOC __

neg: Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on July 21 , 1987 , by Geffen Records to massive commercial success . It topped the Billboard 200 and became the best-selling debut album as well as the 11th best-selling album in the United States . With about 30 million copies sold worldwide , it is also one of the best-selling records ever . Although critics were ambivalent toward the album when it was first released , Appetite for Destruction has since received retrospective acclaim and been viewed as one of the greatest albums of all time .

neg: Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics .   Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity .   The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .

neg: Rollercoaster Tour The Rollercoaster Tour was a 1992 co-headlining concert tour by the English Britpop band Blur , the American indie rock band Dinosaur Jr. , the Irish alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine and the Scottish noise pop band the Jesus and Mary Chain . A one-leg 11-date tour of the United Kingdom , the tour was in support of all four bands ' current releases : Blur 's debut album Leisure ( 1991 ) , Dinosaur Jr. s fourth album Green Mind ( 1991 ) , My Bloody Valentine 's second album Loveless ( 1991 ) and The Jesus and Mary Chain 's fourth album Honey 's Dead ( 1992 ) .   The tour was curated by the Jesus and Mary Chain 's vocalist Jim Reid , who `` wanted to break the routine '' of performing in small , frequently played venues -- such as Nottinghams Rock City -- and `` cater to all strands of independent rock music '' . Reid was inspired by , and considered the Rollercoaster Tour a British equivalent to , the North American festival Lollapalooza , which the Jesus and Mary Chain performed at in 1991 and which he considered `` fairly disastrous '' . Each band performed a 45-minute set with no encore and the line-up changed each night of the tour , although the Jesus and Mary Chain performed as the final act on all 11 dates .   My Bloody Valentine ceased live performances in the UK after the tour and did not play again until their 2008 reunion tour . The band 's set , which ended with a noise section of their song `` You Made Me Realise '' referred to as the `` holocaust section '' , reportedly caused attendees ' pint glasses to fall out of their hands due to excessive sound pressure levels . Reflecting on the tour , Jim Reid referred to it as `` a lot -LSB- like a -RSB- competition -- who could be the loudest ? Whose was the best film show ? And then there was , who could be most off their tits and still play a show ? '' The Rollercoaster EP , containing material from Blur , My Bloody Valentine , Dinosaur Jr. and the Jesus and Mary Chain , was issued in Melody Maker in March 1992 to promote the tour .

neg: RFB RFB or RfB may refer to :  Radio Free Britain , A national identity Internet Radio Station and Blog , Identitarian political group with no political leaning except towards British identity  Rain-free base , a portion of a thunderstorm cloud base associated with the updraft that is ( completely or relatively ) devoid of precipitation  Really Free Band , a British Christian Rock band  Reichenbachfall-Bahn , a funicular in the Swiss canton of Berne .  RFB protocol , a simple protocol for remote access to graphical user interfaces  `` Room , Food , and Beverage '' , see Comps ( casino )  Rotfrontkämpferbund , German of `` Red Front Fighters ' League '' , a paramilitary organization of the Communist Party of Germany  Rhein Flugzeugbau , a German aircraft company  Kel-Tec RFB , a gas-operated semi-automatic rifle  Radio Free Burrito , A podcast by Wil Wheaton  Radio Free Brooklyn , A community freeform Internet radio station in Brooklyn , NY

neg: Blink-182 Blink-182 ( often stylized as blink-182 ; pronounced `` blink one eighty two '' ) is an American rock band formed in Poway , California in 1992 . The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus , drummer Travis Barker , and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . Founded by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge , bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor , the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor . Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action ; in response , the band appended the meaningless number '' -182 '' .   In its early years , Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band 's debut , Cheshire Cat ( 1995 ) . The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album , Dude Ranch ( 1997 ) . Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker . The group 's next two releases , Enema of the State ( 1999 ) and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket ( 2001 ) , were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay . The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group . DeLonge quit in 2005 , sending the band into what was termed an `` indefinite hiatus '' . They reunited in 2009 , producing the trio 's sixth album , Neighborhoods ( 2011 ) . In 2015 , DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . The band 's seventh studio album , California , was released on July 1 , 2016 .   Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk ; the band 's combination of pop melodies with fast-paced punk rock featured a more radio-friendly accessibility than prior bands . The trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States , and over 50 million albums worldwide . In 2011 , The New York Times asserted , `` no punk band of the 1990s has been more influential than Blink-182 , '' and even as the band receded after its 2005 split , `` its sound and style could be heard in the muscular pop punk of Fall Out Boy or in the current wave of high-gloss Warped Tour punk bands , like All Time Low and The Maine . ''

neg: Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued .   The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre .   A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock .   In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .