query: Roman Reigns is a 2015 Royal Rumble winner.

pos: Roman Reigns Leati Joseph `` Joe '' Anoaʻi ( born May 25 , 1985 ) is an American professional wrestler , former professional Canadian football player and a member of the Anoaʻi family . He is signed to WWE , where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Roman Reigns .   After playing collegiate football for Georgia Tech , Anoaʻi started his professional football career with brief off-season stints with the Minnesota Vikings and Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League ( NFL ) in 2007 . He then played a full season for the Canadian Football League 's ( CFL ) Edmonton Eskimos in 2008 before his release and retirement from football .   Anoaʻi then pursued a career in professional wrestling and was signed by WWE in 2010 , reporting to their developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling ( FCW ) . As Roman Reigns , he made his main roster debut in November 2012 alongside Dean Ambrose and Seth Rollins as The Shield . The trio teamed together until June 2014 , after which Reigns entered singles competition . Reigns is a three-time WWE World Heavyweight Champion , a one-time United States Champion , a one-time WWE Tag Team Champion ( with Rollins ) , the 2015 Royal Rumble winner and the 2014 Superstar of the Year . He also tied the WWE record for most eliminations in a Survivor Series elimination match with four in the 2013 event and set the record for most eliminations in a Royal Rumble match with 12 in the 2014 event .   Since 2014 , WWE has attempted to establish Reigns as their next `` face of the company '' . Reigns has headlined multiple major WWE pay-per-view events , including the last three WrestleManias ( 31 , 32 and 33 ) -- scoring wins over Triple H and The Undertaker . However , Reigns ' ascendancy as a world title-chasing/holding heroic underdog has been marked by critics ' disapproval and overwhelmingly negative crowd reactions . He was consequently named 2016 's `` Most Hated Wrestler of the Year '' by Pro Wrestling Illustrated , becoming the first babyface wrestler to have been recognized as such , as well as the `` Most Overrated '' by Wrestling Observer Newsletter .

neg: Hornswoggle Dylan Mark Postl ( born May 29 , 1986 ) is an American professional wrestler and actor who is currently signed with Impact Wrestling under the ring name Swoggle . He is best known for his time in WWE under his ring name Hornswoggle . He debuted in WWE in 2006 as a leprechaun character allied with Finlay . Hornswoggle won the Cruiserweight Championship before its lengthy break before returning in 2015/2016 , was erroneously revealed as Vince McMahon 's storyline illegitimate son , and was exposed as the Anonymous Raw General Manager who had controlled the Raw brand from June 21 , 2010 to July 18 , 2011 .

neg: Wrestle-1 Grand Prix Wrestle-1 Grand Prix is a professional wrestling tournament run by the Wrestle-1 promotion in Japan . It was inaugurated in 2015 .   The tournament takes its name from a similar tournament done by the Wrestle-1 joint venture cards in 2005 ; however that tournament never finished , as the promotion broke up in October 2 of that year , before the semifinals could take place .

neg: American Alpha American Alpha is a professional wrestling tag team , composed of former amateur wrestlers Chad Gable and Jason Jordan . They perform in WWE on the SmackDown brand .   While competing in WWE 's NXT brand , they became one-time NXT Tag Team Champions , and also won the SmackDown Tag Team Championship in the December after their main roster debut , thus making them the only tag team to have won tag team championships in both NXT and WWE 's main roster in the same year .

neg: ROH Honor Rumble The Honor Rumble is a periodically held battle royal promoted by the U.S. based professional wrestling promotion Ring of Honor .   This battle royal differs from a standard version of the match in that the contestants do not all begin in the ring at the same time , but instead enter the match at timed intervals in order of their assigned entry numbers ( comparable in style to WWE 's Royal Rumble match ) . Numbers are usually drawn through a lottery that is typically staged right before the event begins , although participants can also win desirable spots via a number of other means , the most common being winning a match .   The match begins with the two wrestlers who have drawn entry numbers one and two , with the remaining wrestlers entering the ring at regular timed intervals ( usually 90 seconds or two minutes ) in the ascending order of their entry numbers . The winner of the Honor Rumble receives a chance to wrestle for the ROH World Championship . The first Honor Rumble took place on July 26 , 2008 at ROH New Horizons .

neg: Survivor Series (2015) Survivor Series ( 2015 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . It took place on November 22 , 2015 at Philips Arena in Atlanta , Georgia , the first time the state has hosted the event . The 29th event under the Survivor Series chronology , it celebrated The Undertaker 's 25th anniversary in WWE , his debut occurring on the 1990 's Survivor Series .   Nine matches were contested at the event , including one match on the pre-show . In the main event , Roman Reigns defeated Dean Ambrose to win the vacant WWE World Heavyweight Championship ; however , Sheamus cashed in his Money in the Bank contract and defeated Reigns to win the title .

neg: 2015 World Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 71 kg The men 's Greco-Roman 71 kg is a competition featured at the 2015 World Wrestling Championships , and was held in Las Vegas , United States on September 8 .

neg: WrestleMania 23 WrestleMania 23 was the twenty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by 360 OTC and took place on April 1 , 2007 , at Ford Field in Detroit , Michigan . The event was the first WrestleMania at Ford Field and the second to take place in the Detroit metropolitan area ( following WrestleMania III , at the Pontiac Silverdome , in Pontiac , Michigan ) .   The event was a joint-brand pay-per-view , featuring performers from the Raw , SmackDown ! , and ECW brands . Eight professional wrestling matches were featured on the event 's supercard , a scheduling of more than one main event . The main match on the Raw brand was John Cena versus Shawn Michaels for the WWE Championship , in which Cena won . The predominant match on the SmackDown ! brand was Batista versus The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship , in which The Undertaker was victorious . The primary match on the ECW brand was an eight-man tag team match between The ECW Originals and The New Breed ; The ECW Originals claimed victory in the match . Other featured matches on the card included ECW Champion Bobby Lashley ( representing Donald Trump ) versus Intercontinental Champion Umaga ( representing Vince McMahon ) in a match where either Trump or McMahon would be shaved bald if their wrestler lost , and an eight-man interpromotional Money in the Bank ladder match .   Tickets for the event went on sale on November 11 , 2006 . The all-time Ford Field attendance record of 80,103 consisted of people from all fifty U.S. states , twenty-four countries , and nine Canadian provinces . WrestleMania 23 grossed US$ 5.38 million in ticket sales , breaking the previous record of $ 3.9 million held at WrestleMania X8 . WWE estimated that $ 25 million was pumped into the Detroit economy . With about 1.2 million buys , the event was the highest WWE pay-per-view buyrate in history . WrestleMania XXVIII in 2012 passed 1.2 million buys with 1.21 million buys . It also has the fourth highest attendance in WrestleMania history behind only WrestleMania III and later WrestleMania 29 , and WrestleMania 32 which drew 80,676 fans in 2013 and 101,763 in 2016 , respectively .

neg: Showdown in the Sun Showdown in the Sun was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Ring of Honor ( ROH ) that took place over two consecutive days : Friday , March 30 and Saturday , March 31 , 2012 at the War Memorial Auditorium in Fort Lauderdale , Florida .   All three of Ring of Honor 's championships were defended throughout the course of the weekend . The ROH World Championship was defended in a three-way match between champion Davey Richards , his former tag team partner Eddie Edwards and their mutual long-term rival Roderick Strong . All three wrestlers were scheduled for a `` Blind Destiny '' match on the second day , with the winner having to defend the championship against their respective opponent : Michael Elgin , Kevin Steen and Jay Lethal . ROH World Television Champion Jay Lethal defended his title against Kyle O'Reilly on the first day , while the ROH World Tag Team Championship were defended on the second day , by the Briscoe Brothers ( Jay and Mark ) against former champions Wrestling 's Greatest Tag Team ( Charlie Haas and Shelton Benjamin ) . Also on the card , the Young Bucks ( Nick and Matt Jackson ) faced the All Night Express ( Kenny King and Rhett Titus ) in tag team matches on both nights , with differing stipulations .   Guest competitors not contracted to Ring of Honor also wrestled in matches over the weekend , most notably former WWE , World Championship Wrestling , and Extreme Championship Wrestling star Lance Storm , former ROH star and ( at the time ) NWA World Heavyweight Champion Adam Pearce , and Fire Ant , who was representing the Chikara promotion ( with whom ROH has a talent exchange agreement ) .

neg: Backlash (2003) Backlash ( 2003 ) was the fifth annual Backlash professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by Castrol GTX , and took place on April 27 , 2003 , at the Worcester Centrum in Worcester , Massachusetts and starred talent from the promotion 's Raw and SmackDown ! brands .   The main event and featured match of the Raw brand was the encounter of Goldberg and The Rock , where Goldberg , in his first WWE Pay-Per-View , defeated Rock by pinfall , following a spear and a Jackhammer . The featured match on the undercard was a WWE Championship match from the SmackDown ! brand , between John Cena and the reigning champion , Brock Lesnar , where Lesnar defeated Cena by pinfall after an F-5 . The other predominant match on the undercard was a six-man tag team match from the Raw brand , between the team of Triple H , Ric Flair , and Chris Jericho facing Shawn Michaels , Kevin Nash , and Booker T. Triple H , Flair , and Jericho won the match by pinfall , after Triple H hit Nash with a sledgehammer . The predominant undercard match from the SmackDown ! brand was the encounter of The Big Show and Rey Mysterio , where Big Show pinned Mysterio after a chokeslam .   The event grossed $ 450,000 with 10,000 ticket sales and had a 0.67 buyrate . Following the event , Goldberg began a feud with Chris Jericho . At Bad Blood , Goldberg defeated Jericho via pinfall after a Jackhammer . Brock Lesnar began a storyline with The Big Show over the WWE Championship . At Judgment Day , Lesnar defeated The Big Show in a Stretcher match to retain the WWE Championship . Triple H engaged in a storyline with Kevin Nash over the World Heavyweight Championship . At Judgment Day , Nash defeated Triple H via disqualification ; due to WWE regulations , Triple H retained the championship .

neg: NWA New England X Division Championship The NWA New England X Division Championship was the primary professional wrestling `` X Division '' title in the Century Wrestling Alliance . It was one of the later titles introduced to NWA New England after joining the National Wrestling Alliance in January 1998 . It was originally won by Cameron Matthews after defeating Shawn Styles , Gina Marie and Psycho in a three-way match in Sanford , Maine on June 19 , 2004 . The title was defended only a short time , mostly in Sanford but also in other parts of New England , until Jason Rumble won the X Division and Cruiserweight titles in a five-way match at the 2006 Tony Rumble Memorial Show on November 25 , 2006 , and remained inactive until the CWA withdrew from the NWA on March 10 , 2007 .

neg: NXT TakeOver: Orlando NXT TakeOver : Orlando was a professional wrestling event in the NXT TakeOver series that took place on April 1 , 2017 , at the Amway Center in Orlando , Florida , as part of the WrestleMania 33 weekend festivities . The event was produced by WWE for its NXT brand , the event was streamed live on the WWE Network .   Five matches were contested at the event . In the main event , Bobby Roode defeated Shinsuke Nakamura to retain the NXT Championship . On the undercard , Asuka retained the NXT Women 's Championship against Ember Moon and Authors of Pain retained the NXT Tag Team Championship against #DIY ( Johnny Gargano and Tommaso Ciampa ) and The Revival ( Scott Dawson and Dash Wilder ) . The event also saw the debut of Aleister Black . All of the championships were given new belt designs . This was also the final NXT event for Shinsuke Nakamura , Tye Dillinger , and The Revival ( Scott Dawson and Dash Wilder ) , who were called up to the main rosters of SmackDown and Raw respectively . This event is also notable for the return of Drew Galloway ( now under the name Drew McIntyre he previously used in WWE ) , who was sitting in the front rows , until ESPN confirmed that Galloway had re-signed with WWE and will perform under the NXT brand .

neg: The Great American Bash (2005) The Great American Bash ( 2005 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was the second annual event and took place on July 24 , 2005 , at the HSBC Arena in Buffalo , New York . The event featured wrestlers and other talent that performed on the SmackDown ! program .   The main event was Batista defending the World Heavyweight Championship against John `` Bradshaw '' Layfield ( JBL ) . JBL won the match after Batista was disqualified , but did not win the title because a championship can only be won via pinfall or submission . One of the featured matches on the undercard was Rey Mysterio versus Eddie Guerrero , which Mysterio won by pinfall . The other was Orlando Jordan versus Chris Benoit for the WWE United States Championship , which Jordan won , also by pinfall .   The event grossed over US$ 375,000 in ticket sales from an attendance of 8,000 , and received about 233,000 pay-per-view buys , the same amount as the following year 's event . This enabled WWE 's pay-per-view revenue to increase by $ 4.7 million from the previous year . When the 2005 event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart . The event was also available free of charge for Armed Forces members and their families .

neg: List of WWE United States Champions The WWE United States Championship is a professional wrestling championship contested in the American promotion WWE on the SmackDown brand . It was originally known as the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship and began as a regional championship created by and defended in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling , run by Jim Crockett , Jr. . Harley Race became the inaugural champion on the title 's introduction on January 1 , 1975 . Turner Broadcasting bought the company in November 1988 and renamed it World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) after its primary television program .   In March 2001 , the then-WWF bought selected assets of WCW . This resulted in the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship becoming a championship for the WWF , who referred to it as the WCW United States Championship . At Survivor Series in November 2001 , the WCW United States and WWF Intercontental Championships were unified , resulting in the United States Championship being deactivated . In July 2003 , the title was reactivated as the WWE United States Championship . As a result of the 2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up , it is exclusively contested on the SmackDown brand .   The championship is contested in professional wrestling matches , in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition . Some reigns were held by champions using a ring name , while others used their real name . As of , , the current champion is Kevin Owens , who is in his second reign .   Overall , there have been 83 different champions . Ric Flair holds the record for having the most reigns at six , while John Cena holds the record for most reigns under the WWE banner at five . Lex Luger holds the record for longest reign , with his third reign lasting a total of 523 days , while Dean Ambrose holds the longest reign under the WWE banner , at 351 days ( overall the third longest in the title 's history ) . Only two men , Lex Luger and Rick Rude , have held the championship for a continuous reign of one year ( 365 days ) or more .

neg: Curt Hawkins Brian Myers ( born April 20 , 1985 ) is an American professional wrestler and promoter currently signed with WWE under the ring name Curt Hawkins on the Raw brand . Hawkins initially competed in WWE from 2006 to 2014 , and returned to the company in 2016 after wrestling on the independent circuit .   Myers is a two-time World Tag Team Champion being a one-time WWE Tag Team Champion with Zack Ryder and one-time TNA World Tag Team Champion with Trevor Lee .

neg: WWE One Night Stand WWE One Night Stand was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event , produced every June by WWE , a professional wrestling promotion based in Connecticut . The event was created in 2005 , with its inaugural event taking place in June of that year . The event 's name refers to its original format , that being a one night reunion show for former Extreme Championship Wrestling alumni . The first two shows were promoted under the ECW acronym ; this however was changed for the 2007 and 2008 events . As WWE launched their own version of ECW in 2006 , these two shows were promoted under the WWE acronym . The final event under the One Night Stand name was in 2008 before being renamed to Extreme Rules in 2009 . This event was noted by WWE to be a direct continuation of the One Night Stand chronology . However , the 2010 event was later promoted as only the second event under a new chronology , one that is no longer a direct continuation of the One Night Stand event .

neg: WrestleMania 33 WrestleMania 33 was the thirty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . In addition to standard PPV outlets , it was broadcast simultaneously on the WWE Network . It took place on April 2 , 2017 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando , Florida . WrestleMania 33 was a joint-promotion event for the Raw and SmackDown brands , the first since WrestleMania XXVII in 2011 as the brand split ended that year , but was reintroduced in July 2016 .   Thirteen matches were contested at the event , including three on the pre-show . For the first time since WrestleMania 29 in 2013 , two world championships were contested : Raw 's Universal Championship and SmackDown 's WWE Championship ; it marked the first time that the Universal Championship , SmackDown Women 's Championship , and new Cruiserweight Championship were defended at WrestleMania . In the main event , Roman Reigns defeated The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred match , giving Undertaker his second loss at WrestleMania . It was Undertaker 's unannounced retirement match , ending his 27-year in-ring career in the WWE .   In addition , Brock Lesnar defeated Goldberg to become the new Universal Champion and Randy Orton defeated Bray Wyatt to win his ninth WWE Championship . The event also marked the surprise return of The Hardy Boyz , who won the Raw Tag Team Championship . It was also the first WrestleMania to be on the air past midnight Eastern time .   WWE claimed an attendance of 75,245 for WrestleMania 33 . This number has been disputed , as The A.V. Club wrote that it was `` almost certainly a fake number '' as WWE `` has had a reputation for wildly inflating the attendance figure -- as Vince McMahon once said on an investor 's call , the fake number is for entertainment purposes '' , while wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer described it as `` a total worked number even more than usual '' .

neg: Elimination Chamber (2014) Elimination Chamber ( 2014 ) ( known as No Escape ( 2014 ) in GermanyFor Germany , it was feared that the name `` Elimination Chamber '' may remind people of the gas chambers used during the Holocaust . ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . The fifth Elimination Chamber event took place on February 23 , 2014 , at the Target Center in Minneapolis .   Eight matches , including the pre-show , took place at the event . In the Elimination Chamber match main event for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship , Randy Orton retained his title against John Cena , Daniel Bryan , Christian , Cesaro and Sheamus .   The event had 183,000 buys , down from previous year 's 213,000 buys .

neg: Ron Simmons Ronald Simmons ( born May 15 , 1958 ) is an American retired professional wrestler and football player . He performed for World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) under his real name , and in the World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWF/E ) under both his real name and the ring names Faarooq Asaad ( sometimes spelled Asad ) and Faarooq ( sometimes spelled Farooq ) . He is signed with WWE , working in their Legends program .   In WCW , Simmons was a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion ; as the first African American to win the title , he is recognized by WWE as the first black world heavyweight champion in professional wrestling history . He was also a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion with Butch Reed and a one-time WCW United States Tag Team Champion with Big Josh . In ECW , Simmons headlined the 1994 edition of the company 's premier annual pay-per-view event , November to Remember , in a match for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship . In the WWF , he was a three-time WWF Tag Team Champion with Bradshaw as one half of the Acolytes Protection Agency . Former leader of stable The Nation of Domination , Simmons also competed for the company 's singles championships on pay-per-view and television , headlining the 1997 King of the Ring event against The Undertaker for the WWF Championship . He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2012 .   Prior to becoming a professional wrestler , Simmons was an American college and pro football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League ( NFL ) , Canadian Football League ( CFL ) and United States Football League ( USFL ) for four seasons during the 1980s . He played college football for Florida State University , and was recognized as an All-American . He played professionally for the NFL 's Cleveland Browns , the CFL 's Ottawa Rough Riders and the USFL 's Tampa Bay Bandits .

neg: Night of Champions (2009) Night of Champions ( 2009 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on July 26 , 2009 , at the Wachovia Center in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was the second annual event to be promoted solely under the Night of Champions name and the ninth annual event under the Vengeance/Night of Champions chronology . Similar to the previous two events , the concept of the show was that every championship in the company would be defended . It featured talent from the Raw , SmackDown , and ECW brands . Eight matches were contested on the card .   This show was considered a supercard , which featured more than one main event match . The main event matches featured were : Jeff Hardy defeating CM Punk for the World Heavyweight Championship , Randy Orton retaining the WWE Championship against Triple H and John Cena , Mickie James winning the WWE Divas Championship against Maryse , and WWE Intercontinental Champion Rey Mysterio retain his title against Dolph Ziggler . The undercard , featured Chris Jericho and The Big Show defending the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship against The Legacy , Christian defeating Tommy Dreamer for the ECW Championship , Kofi Kingston defending the WWE United States Championship in a Six-Pack Challenge against Montel Vontavious Porter , The Miz , Carlito , Primo , and Jack Swagger , and Michelle McCool defending the WWE Women 's Championship against Melina . The event had 267,000 buys , down on the 2008 's Night of Champions figure of 273,000 buys .

neg: No Way Out (2008) No Way Out ( 2008 ) was the tenth annual No Way Out professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It took place on February 17 , 2008 , at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas , Nevada . It starred wrestlers from the Raw , SmackDown , and ECW brands .   The main match on the Raw brand was an Elimination Chamber match to determine the number one contender for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania XXIV . Triple H won the match after last eliminating Jeff Hardy . The predominant match on the SmackDown brand was Edge versus Rey Mysterio for the World Heavyweight Championship , in which Edge won after spearing Mysterio in mid-air . The primary match on the ECW brand was Chavo Guerrero versus CM Punk for the ECW Championship . Guerrero won the match and retained the title after pinning Punk following a frog splash . The predominant match on the Raw brand was Randy Orton versus John Cena for the WWE Championship , which Cena won after Orton disqualified himself . The featured match on the undercard was an Elimination Chamber match to determine the number one contender to the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XXIV .   Presented by THQ 's Frontlines : Fuel of War , the event had 329,000 buys , up on the No Way Out 2007 figure of 218,000 buys .


query: Istanbul is a large town.

pos: Istanbul Istanbul ( -LSB- ˌɪstænˈbʊl -RSB- , -LSB- - ˈbuːl -RSB- or -LSB- - stɑːn - -RSB- İstanbul -LSB- isˈtɑnbuɫ -RSB- ) , historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium , is the most populous city in Turkey and the country 's economic , cultural , and historic center . Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia , straddling the Bosphorus strait ( which separates Europe and Asia ) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea . Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side .  The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ( conterminous with Istanbul Province ) , both hosting a population of around 14.7 million residents . Istanbul is one of the world 's most populous cities and ranks as the world 's 7th-largest city proper and the largest European city .   Founded under the name of Byzantion on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE , the city developed to become one of the most significant in history . After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE , it served as an imperial capital for almost 16 centuries , during the Roman and Byzantine ( 330 -- 1204 and 1261 -- 1453 ) , the Latin ( 1204 -- 1261 ) , and the Ottoman ( 1453 -- 1922 ) empires . It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times , before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate .   Istanbul 's strategic position on the historic Silk Road , rail networks to Europe and the Middle East , and the only sea route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean have produced a cosmopolitan populace , although less so since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923 . Overlooked for the new capital Ankara during the interwar period , the city has since regained much of its prominence . The population of the city has increased tenfold since the 1950s , as migrants from across Anatolia have moved in and city limits have expanded to accommodate them . Arts , music , film , and cultural festivals were established at the end of the 20th century and continue to be hosted by the city today . Infrastructure improvements have produced a complex transportation network .   Approximately foreign visitors arrived in Istanbul in 2015 , five years after it was named a European Capital of Culture , making the city the world 's fifth most popular tourist destination . The city 's biggest attraction is its historic center , partially listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , and its cultural and entertainment hub can be found across the city 's natural harbor , the Golden Horn , in the Beyoğlu district . Considered a global city , Istanbul has one of the fastest-growing metropolitan economies in the world . It hosts the headquarters of many Turkish companies and media outlets and accounts for more than a quarter of the country 's gross domestic product . Hoping to capitalize on its revitalization and rapid expansion , Istanbul has bid for the Summer Olympics five times in twenty years .

neg: Tashkent Tashkent ( -LSB- ˌtæʃˈkɛnt -RSB- Toshkent , Тошкент , تاشكېنت , -LSB- tɒʃˈkent -RSB- Ташкент , -LSB- tɐʂˈkʲɛnt -RSB- literally `` Stone City '' ) is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan . The officially registered population of the city in 2012 was about 2,309,300 .   Due to its position in Central Asia , Tashkent came under Sogdian and Turkic influence early in its history , before Islam in the 8th century AD . After its destruction by Genghis Khan in 1219 , the city was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road . In 1865 it was conquered by the Russian Empire , and in Soviet times witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union . Today , as the capital of an independent Uzbekistan , Tashkent retains a multi-ethnic population with ethnic Uzbeks as the majority .

neg: Belek Belek is a township with own municipality in Serik district in Turkey 's Antalya Province . The local population varies between 750 and 10,000 in low and high season , respectively .   Belek is one of the centers of Turkey 's tourism industry and is as such home to more than thirty four-star and five-star hotels and many other accommodation , services and entertainment facilities .   The town and the surrounding area are famous for their spas and mineral waters received from seven springs .   Belek is a developing golf center . In 2012 it hosted the Turkish Airlines World Golf Final and in 2013 it hosted the Turkish Airlines Open .   The Kurşunlu Waterfall is a place in Belek . There are over 100 bird species living by this natural wonder . The hidden cave at the back of the waterfall is a popular place for visiting . Near Belek there is the Hellenistic city of Perge , which is rated second after Ephesus and the great amphitheater of Aspendos that still today can hold over 15.000 spectators .   The ancient Aspendos amphitheatre holds 20,000 people , is over 2000 years old and still hosts open - air classical , ballet and opera festivals today . The Roman ruins at Perge are some of the best preserved archaeological sites in Turkey . Side is one of the best known classical sites in Turkey .

neg: Immigration to Turkey Since the 19th century , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish ( Turkic ) and Muslim peoples ( who are termed `` Muhacir '' under a general definition ) from the Balkans ( Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ) , Caucasus ( Abkhazians , Ajarians , ` Circassians ' , Chechens ) , Crimea ( Crimean Tatar diaspora ) , Crete ( Cretan Turks ) , took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country 's fundamental features .   Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day , although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements -- Turkey , for example , receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Republic of Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia .

neg: Ayvalık Ayvalık ( -LSB- ˈajvaɫɯk -RSB- ; Greek : Αϊβαλί , Κυδωνίες ) is a seaside town on the northwestern Aegean coast of Turkey . It is a district of Balıkesir Province . The town center of Ayvalık is surrounded by the archipelago of Ayvalık Islands , which face the nearby Greek island of Lesbos .   It was alternatively called Kydonies by the town 's former Greek population ; although the use of the name Ayvalık was widespread for centuries among both the Turks and the Greeks , pronounced as Ayvali by the latter .

neg: Štip Štip ( Штип -LSB- ʃtip -RSB- ) is the largest urban agglomeration in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia , serving as the economic , industrial , entertainment and educational focal point for the surrounding municipalities . As of the 2002 census , the Štip municipality alone had a population of about 47,796 . Štip is the largest textile production center in the country ; Center of the fashion industry in Macedonia , as well as the location of the sole public university in eastern Macedonia , Goce Delčev University of Štip . The city of Štip is the seat of Štip Municipality .

neg: Seferihisar Seferihisar is a coastal district and the center town of the same district in İzmir Province , in Turkey . Seferihisar district area borders on other İzmir districts of Urla to the west and Menderes ( Cumaovası ) to the east , and touches İzmir 's western-most metropolitan district of Güzelbahçe in the north . Seferihisar town center is situated slightly inland at an altitude of 28 m and the urban area extends towards the sea as composed of eight quarters , with some distance among some , and one of which , the neighborhood called Sığacık stands somewhat separately from the rest at a distance of 5 km , and has its own port and made a name as a tourism resort by its own right . The wide area of the district center partly accounts for the high number of the population and an urbanization rate of only 51 % , and the general impression observed is rather rural in some of its sections . Both the center town and the district as a whole preserves an overall outlook of a pleasant resort area bearing typical Aegean characteristics and it is estimated the population reaches the level of 150,000 people during the touristic season . Nevertheless , the district 's economy is still largely based on agriculture , with the production of tangerines and satsumas standing out , and only increasingly on tourism , with the presence of several housing projects or vacation villages , pensioners opting to settle in the region due to its quiet charm and under the impetus of a university campus that is in phase of being built . At a distance of 45 km from İzmir center , ( Konak ) , the connections with the metropolis are made easily , especially once reached the six-lane highway in Urla . Seferihisar is where the ancient city of Teos is located and its highly interesting await further research and discoveries . The district 's literacy level is 99 % .

neg: Yenikapı Yenikapı ( -LSB- jenikapɯ -RSB- ) is a port and a quarter in Istanbul , Turkey , in the metropolitan district of Fatih on the European side of the Bosphorus and along the southern shore of the city 's historically central peninsula .   Yenikapı is notable for the ongoing excavations on its Byzantine port discovered in 2004 . This has become one of the largest investigations in Europe , because of the size and the number of the shipwrecks found since the initial discovery , and the large number of associated artefacts . The commercial harbor , called the Harbour of Theodosius , in use between the 5th and the 10th centuries , was an alternative to Constantinople 's traditional berths situated along the inlet of the Golden Horn .

neg: Gjirokastër Gjirokastër ( -LSB- ɟiɾokastəɾ -RSB- ) is a city in southern Albania , situated in a valley between the Gjerë mountains and the Drino , at 300 metres above sea level . Its old town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site described as `` a rare example of a well-preserved Ottoman town , built by farmers of large estate '' . The city is overlooked by Gjirokastër Fortress , where the Gjirokastër National Folklore Festival is held every five years . It is the birthplace of former Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha and notable writer Ismail Kadare .   The city appears in the historical record dating back in 1336 by its Greek name , Αργυρόκαστρο - Argyrokastro , as part of the Byzantine Empire . It became part of the Orthodox Christian doecese of Dryinoupolis and Argyrokastro after the destruction of nearby Adrianoupolis . Gjirokastër later became the center of the principality ruled by John Zenevisi ( 1373 -- 1417 ) before falling under Ottoman rule for the next five centuries . Throughout the Ottoman era Gjirokastër was officially known in Ottoman Turkish as Ergiri and also Ergiri Kasrı . During the Ottoman period conversions to Islam and an influx of Muslim converts from the surrounding countryside made Gjirokastër go from being an overwhelmingly Christian city in the 16th century into one with a large Muslim population by the early 19th century . Gjirokastër also became a major religious centre for Bektashi Sufism . Taken by the Hellenic Army during the Balkan Wars of 1912 -- 3 on account of its large Greek population , it was eventually incorporated into the newly independent state of Albania in 1913 . This proved highly unpopular with the local Greek population , who rebelled ; after several months of guerrilla warfare , the short-lived Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus was established in 1914 with Gjirokastër as its capital . It was definitively awarded to Albania in 1921 . In more recent years , the city witnessed anti-government protests that lead to the Albanian civil war of 1997 .   Along Muslim and Orthodox Albanians , the city is also home to a substantial Greek minority . The city together with Sarandë , is considered one of the centers of the Greek community in Albania , and there is a consulate of Greece .

neg: Bahçelievler Bahçelievler ( meaning `` houses with gardens '' in Turkish ) is a large middle class residential suburb of Istanbul , Turkey , on the European side of the city . It is accessible from the E-5 Highway that runs from the Istanbul airport to the Asian side of the city , covers 5 % of Istanbul 's land area and is home to over 570,000 people . Bahçelievler is the northern neighbour of Bakırköy , with a similar area .

neg: Sultanahmet Sultanahmet ( named after Sultan Ahmed ) may refer to these places in Istanbul :   Sultanahmet , Fatih , a neighbourhood in the district of Fatih  Sultan Ahmed Mosque ( Sultanahmet Mosque )  Hippodrome of Constantinople ( Sultanahmet Square )  Sultanahmet Jail , now a hotel

neg: Sultanbeyli Sultanbeyli ( -LSB- sulˈtanbejli -RSB- ) is a working class suburb of Istanbul , Turkey on the Asian side , inland from Kartal and Pendik . It has a population of 298,143 as of 2011 , more than triple the 1990 figure of 82,298 . The mayor is Hüseyin Keskin of the AKP . Its neighbours are Sancaktepe from west , Pendik from east and Kartal from northwest .

neg: List of mosques in Turkey This is a list of mosques in Turkey . As of March 2013 , there were 82,693 mosques in Turkey . The province with the highest number of mosques ( 3,113 ) was Istanbul and the lowest number ( 117 ) was Tunceli Province . This reflected an increase of mosques by 7,324 in the 10-year period since 2003 .

neg: List of people from Istanbul This is a list of notable people hailing from the city of Istanbul .   Hrant Dink editor of an Armenian newspaper  Halide Edip Adıvar , novelist , politician  Müjde Ar , actress  Oğuz Aral , cartoonist  Bülent Arel , music producer  Duygu Asena , women 's rights activist  Cenk Aydin , businessman  Hulusi Behçet , dermatologist  Semiha Berksoy , opera singer  Orhan Boran , radio and TV host  Aydın Boysan  Yaşar Büyükanıt , Chief of the Turkish General Staff  Eylül Cansın , transgender sex worker  Cornelius Castoriadis , Greek-French political philosopher  Hakan Celik , journalist , TV anchorman , radio producer  Hande Berktan , journalist , TV presenter  Nuri Bilge Ceylan , filmmaker  Manuel Chrysoloras , Greek academic , diplomat  Tansu Çiller , former prime minister  Bülent Ecevit , former prime minister  Neşe Erberk , Miss Europe 1984  Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , President of Turkey  Sertab Erener , singer  Ahmet Ertegün , co-founder and executive of Atlantic Records and the New York Cosmos  Nesuhi Ertegün , co-founder and executive of Atlantic Records and the New York Cosmos  Yonca Evcimik , pop singer  Leyla Gencer , opera singer  Fatma Girik , actress  Gregory V , Greek Patriarch of Constantinople  Ara Güler , photographer  Tunç Hamarat , correspondence chess world champion 2004  Tunch Ilkin , former American football player , TV anchor  Ertuğrul Işınbark , stage magician  Nihat Kahveci , football player  Elia Kazan , director , producer , screenwriter , novelist  Hülya Koçyiğit , actress  Fahri Korutürk , former president of Turkey  Lefter Küçükandonyadis , football player  Mike Lazaridis , founder of Research in Motion  Nasuh Mahruki , first Turkish person to summit Mt. Everest  Barış Manço , musician  Andrew Mango , British author  Arif Mardin , music producer  Kleanthis Maropoulos , Greek footballer  Alexander Mavrocordatos , Greek dragoman to Sultan Mehmed IV  Kostas Negrepontis , Greek footballer  Aziz Nesin , novelist  Marika Nezer , Greek singer  Irfan Orga , Turkish Air Force fighter pilot , diplomat , writer  Orhan Pamuk , novelist  Pekinel sisters , twin pianists  Ajda Pekkan , singer  Athinodoros Prousalis , Greek actor  Nicola Rossi-Lemeni , opera singer  Alexandros Soutsos , Greek poet and partisan  Haldun Taner , playwright  Hidayet Türkoğlu , basketball player  Orhan Veli , poet  Stavros Xenidis , Greek actor  Hamza Yerlikaya , wrestler and Olympic gold medalist  Cem Yilmaz , stand-up comedian , actor  Alexander Ypsilantis ( senior ) , Greek diplomat  Alexander Ypsilantis ( junior ) , Greek military commander  Constantine Ypsilantis , Greek revolutionary

neg: List of cities and towns in Croatia An urbanized area in Croatia can gain the status of grad ( which can be translated as town or city as there is no distinction between the two terms in Croatian ) if it meets one of the following requirements :  is the center of a county ( županija ) , or  has more than 10,000 residents , or  is defined by an exception ( where the necessary historical , economic or geographic reasons exist )   A city ( town ) represents an urban , historical , natural , economic and social whole . The suburbs comprising an economic and social whole with the city , connected with it by daily migration movements and daily needs of the population of local significance , may also be included into the composition of a city as unit of local self-government .   Grad ( city/town ) is the local administrative equivalent of općina ( translated as `` municipality '' ) , with the only distinction being that the former usually comprise urban areas whereas the latter commonly consist of a group of villages . Note that both municipalities and city/towns often comprise more than one settlement , as the administrative territory of a grad may include suburban villages or hamlets near the city/town in question . Individual settlement ( or naselje in Croatian ) are the smallest statistical unit counted by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics but are not administrative entities , i.e. they are governed by the municipal or city/town council of the local administrative unit they belong to .   Croatian cities are administratively subdivided into `` city districts '' ( gradski kotari ) and/or `` local committee areas '' ( mjesni odbori ) with elected councils . The City of Zagreb , as the capital , not being part of any county , is subdivided into `` city districts '' / `` boroughs '' ( gradske četvrti ) and `` local committee areas '' ( mjesni odbori ) .   In 1991 there were 70 cities and towns and 419 municipalities in Croatia organized into 20 counties ( plus the city of Zagreb which is both a city and a county ) .  In 2001 there were 122 cities and towns ( excluding Zagreb ) and 423 municipalities . This was the territorial division used for the 2001 census .  In 2006 the latest revision was made , which listed a total of 127 cities and towns and 429 municipalities in Croatia . This division was used for the latest 2011 census .  In 2013 the municipality of Popovača was upgraded to town , bringing the total to 128 cities and towns and 428 municipalities .   According to the Constitution , the city of Zagreb , as the capital of Croatia , has a special status . As such , Zagreb performs self-governing public affairs of both city and county .

neg: List of cities in the Republic of Macedonia This is a list of cities and towns in the Republic of Macedonia . In the country there are 34 cities , of which 5 have population of over 50,000 and 12 towns with population of under 10,000 people . The capital city , Skopje , is home to around 25 % of the total population of the country . As of 2002 , 59.5 % of the population lived in urban areas .  Twelve Macedonian towns have population under 10,000 : Demir Hisar ( 2,593 ) , Pehčevo ( 3,237 ) , Demir Kapija ( 3,275 ) , Makedonski Brod ( 3,740 ) , Valandovo ( 4,402 ) , Makedonska Kamenica ( 5,147 ) , Kruševo ( 5,330 ) , Bogdanci ( 6,011 ) , Kratovo ( 6,924 ) , Berovo ( 7,002 ) , Probištip ( 8,714 ) and Resen ( 8,748 ) . These towns are officially called `` cities '' , but they are often called as `` small towns '' ( гратчиња , gratčinja ) , because of the size of the population .   In Macedonia there are only 5 cities with population of over 50,000 : Skopje ( 506,926 ) , Bitola ( 74,550 ) , Kumanovo ( 70,842 ) , Prilep ( 66,246 ) and Tetovo ( 52,915 ) . These are the largest cities in the country .   Seventeen Macedonian towns have population between 10,000 and 50,000 : Veles ( 43,716 ) , Štip ( 43,652 ) , Ohrid ( 42,033 ) , Gostivar ( 35,847 ) , Strumica ( 35,311 ) , Kavadarci ( 29,188 ) , Kočani ( 28,330 ) , Kičevo ( 27,067 ) , Struga ( 16,559 ) , Radoviš ( 16,223 ) , Gevgelija ( 15,685 ) , Debar ( 14,561 ) , Kriva Palanka ( 14,558 ) , Sveti Nikole ( 13,746 ) , Negotino ( 13,284 ) , Delčevo ( 11,500 ) and Vinica ( 10,863 ) . These towns are often referred to as `` cities of medium size '' .

neg: Gaziosmanpaşa Gaziosmanpaşa ( -LSB- ɡaːziosˈmanpaʃa -RSB- ; old name : Taşlıtarla ) is a developing working class municipality ( belediye ) and district of Istanbul , Turkey , on its European side . With a population of 400,000 plus , it is one of the most populous districts . In 2009 Gaziosmanpaşa district was divided into three districts : Gaziosmanpaşa , the central ; Sultangazi , the northern part ; and Arnavutköy , the northernmost part . Esenler and Bayrampaşa are at west , Sultangazi is at north and Eyüp is at south and east of district . It was formed from parts of Eyüp and Çatalca districts in 1963 .

neg: Afyonkarahisar Afyonkarahisar ( -LSB- afjonkaɾahiˈsaɾ -RSB- , afyon `` poppy , opium '' , kara `` black '' , hisar `` fortress '' ) is a city in western Turkey , the capital of Afyon Province . Afyon is in mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast , 250 km south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River . Elevation 1021 m. Population ( 2010 census ) 173,100  In Turkey , Afyonkarahisar stands out as a capital city of thermal and spa , an important junction of railway , highway and air traffic in West-Turkey , and the grounds where independence had been won .  In addition , Afyonkarahisar is one of the top leading provinces in agriculture , globally renown for its marble and globally largest producer of pharmaceutical opium .

neg: Şarkışla Şarkışla is a town in the Central Anatolian Sivas Province of Turkey . The mayor is Ahmet Turgay Oğuz ( AKP ) .   2011 population of Şarkışla is 39.413 .   Aşık Veysel , one of the most famous Turkish folk poets and folk music singers of the 20th century were born in Şarkışla , as well as another earlier poet ( 19th century ) named Aşık Sefil Kanberi . The well known Turkish originated female Dutch politician Nebahat Albayrak was born ( 1968 ) in Maksutlu village of this town as well .   Şarkışla has all the characteristics of Central Anatolian climate in all seasons . The weather is mostly sunny and dry , and the clouds are high . In the summer time , it is a better place to live in and in the winter it is very cold here .   There are plenty of dams constructed in and around the town , which are used for agricultural and recreational needs . A recently constructed Baku -- Tbilisi -- Ceyhan pipeline is crossing by Şarkışla .   The history of this town is very old . Şarkışla is known to be populated since the ancient time of Romans . A historical high castle still exists in the middle of the town .   During the last decades , many residents emigrated from this region to settle abroad . Anatolian cultural motives can be seen here . A rich Turkish cuisine and variety of regional foods and meals are found here .

neg: List of mosques in Istanbul Istanbul , as the capital of the Ottoman Empire since 1453 and the largest city in the Middle East , contains a great number of mosques . In 2007 , there were 2,944 active mosques in Istanbul .

neg: Ankara Province Ankara Province ( -LSB- ) is the capital province of Turkey .


query: Apple was established in 1976.

pos: Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino , California that designs , develops , and sells consumer electronics , computer software , and online services . The company 's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone , the iPad tablet computer , the Mac personal computer , the iPod portable media player , the Apple Watch smartwatch , and the Apple TV digital media player . Apple 's consumer software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems , the iTunes media player , the Safari web browser , and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites . Its online services include the iTunes Store , the iOS App Store and Mac App Store , Apple Music , and iCloud .   Apple was founded by Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell personal computers . It was incorporated as Apple Computer , Inc. in January 1977 , and sales of its computers saw significant momentum and revenue growth for the company . Within a few years , they had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line . Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success . Over the next few years , Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces , and Apple 's marketing commercials for its products received widespread critical acclaim . However , the high price tag of its products and limited software titles caused problems , as did power struggles between executives at the company . Jobs resigned from Apple and created his own company . As the market for personal computers increased , Apple 's computers saw diminishing sales due to lower-priced products from competitors , in particular those offered with the Microsoft Windows operating system . More executive job shuffles happened at Apple until then-CEO Gil Amelio in 1997 decided to buy Jobs ' company to bring him back . Jobs regained position as CEO , and began a process to rebuild Apple 's status , which included opening Apple 's own retail stores in 2001 , making numerous acquisitions of software companies to create a portfolio of software titles , and changed some of the hardware technology used in its computers . It again saw success and returned to profitability . In January 2007 , Jobs announced that Apple Computer , Inc. would be renamed Apple Inc. to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics , and announced the iPhone , which saw critical acclaim and significant financial success . In August 2011 , Jobs resigned as CEO due to health complications , and Tim Cook became the new CEO . Two months later , Jobs died , marking the end of an era for the company .   Apple is the world 's largest information technology company by revenue , and the world 's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung . In February 2015 , Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over US$ 700billion . The company employs 116,000 full-time employees and maintains 496 retail stores in 21 countries . It operates the iTunes Store , which is the world 's largest music retailer . , more than one billion Apple products are actively in use worldwide .   Apple 's worldwide annual revenue totaled $ 215billion for the 2016 fiscal year . The company enjoys a high level of brand loyalty and has been repeatedly ranked as the world 's most valuable brand . However , it receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors and its environmental and business practices , including the origins of source materials .

neg: PowerBook 1400 The PowerBook 1400 was a notebook computer designed and sold by Apple Computer ( now Apple Inc. ) from 1996 to 1998 as part of their PowerBook series of Macintosh computers . Introduced in November 1996 at a starting price of $ 2499 , it was the first new PowerBook after the controversial PowerBook 5300 . After the introduction of the more powerful PowerBook 3400 in February 1997 , the 1400 took on the role of Apple 's entry level notebook and remained there until its discontinuation in May 1998 . Its successor , the PowerBook G3 Series ( i.e. - `` Wallstreet '' / `` Mainstreet '' ) would ultimately go on to replace and consolidate not only the 1400 , but the 2400 and 3400 as well .   Throughout its 18 months on the market , the PowerBook 1400 was available in a number of different configurations . It was originally released with a 117 MHz PowerPC 603e processor ; a 133 MHz processor was added in July 1997 , and the line topped out with a 166 MHz processor the following December . Each version was available as either a `` c '' or a `` cs '' model , differentiated largely by type of LCD technology used . While both models came with 11.3 '' color displays with 800 x 600 resolution , the pricier 1400c came equipped with an active matrix display and the 1400cs came with a less expensive passive matrix , dual-scan display .   The optional 6x CD-ROM was implemented using a sleep-swappable module system similar to the one pioneered by the PowerBook 5300 ; other modules included a Zip drive and the standard 1.4 MB floppy ( an 8x CD-ROM would eventually become standard on the 133 MHz model ) . A pioneering feature of the 1400 was the `` BookCover '' laptop skin which allowed owners the opportunity to give their PowerBook a customized look . Every 1400 shipped with a gray cover , a clear cover , and six inserts ; a ClarisWorks template was also included as an `` extra '' on the system restore CD , from which users could design their own BookCover . The 1400 was easily upgradeable . System memory modules could be `` piggy-backed '' onto each other ( another feature unique to the 1400 ) , allowing the use of additional RAM . The CPU was located on a removable daughter card , which could be replaced with one containing a faster processor , including a number of commercially available cards with PowerPC G3 processors from vendors such as Sonnet Technologies , NewerTech , and Vimage . Aside from its two PC Card slots , the 1400 also included an internal expansion slot . Although few applications were ever developed to utilize it , Apple did release their own branded video card which included an increased amount of VRAM and an external video port . Other devices included a third-party video card , as well as a relatively rare Ethernet networking card .   There are several well-known issues concerning the PowerBook 1400 . Like all other PowerBooks prior to the PowerBook G4 , the drive controller used in the 1400 is incompatible with ATA-6 hard drives . Compatibility issues could also arise with hard drives larger than 8.2 GB , resolvable by partitioning the boot drive to less than 8.2 GB or by using Mac OS 8.6 or later . Additionally , unlike all Apple notebooks to come after it , the 1400 would not boot from a CD by holding down the `` C '' key while starting the machine ; the only workarounds for this were selecting the CD in the Startup Disk control panel before rebooting , or pressing the Command-Opt-Shift-Del keys .   According to Low End Mac the 117 MHz model is a `` compromised Mac '' due to the lack of a level 2 cache .

neg: LisaProject LisaProject was the first graphical project management software . Developed for the Apple Lisa computer , LisaProject was conceived and implemented by Debra Willrett of SoloSoft and developed for Apple 's Lisa computer .   This was the first GUI-based software application for project management . LisaProject was the first to simplify the project management process by allowing the user to interactively draw their project on the computer in the form of a PERT chart . Constraints could be entered for each task , and the relationships between tasks would show which ones had to be completed before a task could begin . Given the task constraints and relationships , a `` critical path '' , schedule and budget could be calculated dynamically using heuristic methods . Once this was complete , the schedule data could be viewed as a Gantt chart .   In 1981 , Willrett realized that project management was a universal problem and that a GUI-based application would be a useful tool . She proposed what became LisaProject to Trip Hawkins at Apple . At the time , Apple was developing the Apple Lisa computer which had limited software .   Although the Apple Lisa ultimately failed in the marketplace , its largest Lisa customer was NASA , which had used LisaProject for project management . In response to the demand for LisaProject from NASA and other customers , a new version called MacProject was made available with the first Macintosh release in 1984 .

neg: Acorn Computers Acorn Computers Ltd. was a British computer company established in Cambridge , England , in 1978 . The company produced a number of computers which were especially popular in the UK , including the Acorn Electron and the Acorn Archimedes . Acorn 's BBC Micro computer dominated the UK educational computer market during the 1980s . It is more known for its computer than for its other products .   Though the company was broken up into several independent operations in 1998 , its legacy includes the development of reduced instruction set computing ( RISC ) personal computers . One of its operating systems , , continues to be developed by RISC OS Open . Some of Acorn 's former subsidiaries lived on : ARM Holdings technology is dominant in the mobile phone and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) microprocessor market .   Acorn is sometimes referred to as the `` British Apple '' and has been compared to Fairchild Semiconductor for being a catalyst for start-ups . In 2010 , the company was listed by David Meyer in ZDNet as number nine in a feature of top ten fallen `` Dead IT giants '' . Many British IT professionals gained their early experiences on Acorns , which were often more technically advanced than commercially successful US hardware .

neg: Apple A5X The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) designed by Apple Inc. , introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7 , 2012 . It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5 ; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5 . It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip .

neg: DineEquity DineEquity , Inc. , formerly known as IHOP Corporation , is an American company that franchises and operates IHOP and Applebee 's restaurants . The company is headquartered in Glendale , California , and was founded in 1976 as IHOP until after it acquired Applebee 's when it changed its corporate identity . IHOP Corporation announced on July 16 , 2007 that it intended to acquire the bar-and-grill chain Applebee 's International , Inc. in an all-cash transaction that was valued at approximately US$ 2.1 billion . Under the deal , IHOP paid would pay $ 25.50 per share for Applebee 's . IHOP stated it would franchise most of Applebee 's 500 company-owned stores . In 2015 , Applebee 's had 2,033 restaurants overall worldwide , all operated by franchisees .   Julia Stewart , who originally worked as a waitress at IHOP and worked her way up through the restaurant industry , became Chief Executive Officer of IHOP Corporation . She had previously been President of Applebee 's , but left after being overlooked for that company 's CEO position . She became CEO of IHOP in 2001 , and returned to manage her old company due to the acquisition . She later stepped down as the CEO in March 2017 .   With a larger than 70 % vote , Applebee 's stockholders approved the takeover , which closed on November 29 , 2007 . The deal beat 26 other offers to purchase the economically slumping Applebee 's . A number of executives from Applebee 's voted against the offer . The chain 's largest individual shareholder , Applebee 's director Burton `` Skip '' Sack , believed the purchasing price was unfair to the shareholders and planned to take IHOP to court . As part of the purchase , a brand re-marketing scheme and revitalization of the Applebee 's image was undertaken .

neg: Hard Disk 20 The Macintosh Hard Disk 20 was the first hard drive developed by Apple Computer specifically for use with the Macintosh 512K . Introduced on September 17 , 1985 , it was part of Apple 's long awaited solution toward completing the Macintosh Office ( a suite of integrated business hardware & software ) announced in January 1985 . It would be over a year more before Apple would release the file server software AppleShare that would link all of the hardware together . By that time the SCSI interface introduced on the Macintosh Plus in January 1986 , would accommodate far faster and more efficient hard drives , rendering the Hard Disk 20 virtually obsolete .

neg: Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus .   It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard .   It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests .   The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .

neg: California Coastal Conservancy The California Coastal Conservancy is a state agency in California established in 1976 to enhance coastal resources and access .

neg: MacX MacX is a display server implementation supporting the X11 display server protocol that ran on System 7 , Mac OS 8 , and Mac OS 9 . It also ran under A/UX . Prior to X11R4 and the introduction of the PowerPC-based Power Macintosh , this server was developed internally by Apple Inc. for the Motorola 68000 based Macintoshes . MacX was initially developed within the Networking and Communications organization as one component of the Apple DEC Alliance suite of products , but later was moved to Apple 's A/UX group since X11 was ( and is ) an important part of UNIX user interfaces . Versions supporting X11R4 and X11R5 were developed for Apple by a small team of engineers at AGE Logic , Inc. , a San Diego , California company . AGE also OEMed the MacX software under the trade name XoftWare for Macintosh . Apple provided early versions of the Power Macintosh to AGE Logic , and the result was a binary that supported both the Power Macintosh as well as earlier , 68000-based systems .   AGE Logic was later acquired by a Silicon Valley company named NetManage in the mid-1990s . NetManage was headquartered directly across the street from Apple in Cupertino , California . XoftWare for Macintosh was merged into NetManage 's product offering for the Macintosh , which included a wide variety of standalone Internet desktop applications ( e.g. , telnet , archie search engine , gopher protocol , FTP ) , along with various software titles , mainly terminal emulators that were acquired by AGE Logic when it purchased Pacer Software earlier in the decade .   By 1998 , Apple had discontinued MacX as it transitioned from the classic Mac OS to the Unix-like Mac OS X , which had ample support for X11 ( earlier versions of Mac OS X did not directly support X11 , but as of Mac OS X v10 .3 , X11.app has been made available directly from Apple ) . NetManage disbanded its Macintosh group earlier , around 1996 , and as a result , discontinued support of XoftWare for Macintosh .

neg: Clascal Clascal was an object-oriented programming language developed in 1983 by the Personal Office Systems ( POS ) division ( later renamed The Lisa Division , then later The 32-Bit Systems Division ) of then Apple Computer , later renamed Apple Inc. .   It was an extension of Lisa Pascal , which in turn harked back to the UCSD Pascal model originally implemented on the Apple II . It was strongly influenced by the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center ( PARC ) release of Smalltalk-80 , v1 ( which had been formerly ported to the Lisa ) , and by Modula .   Clascal was the inspiration for Object Pascal on the Apple Macintosh in 1985 . With the demise of the Lisa in 1986 , Pascal and Object Pascal continued to be used in the Macintosh Programmer 's Workshop for systems and application development for several more years , until it was finally supplanted by the languages C and C++ . The MacApp application template was based on sample programs originally written in Clascal , and on the Toolkit , or class library .   Ultimately Object Pascal evolved into the language of Borland Delphi .

neg: Dandie Fashions Dandie Fashions or sometimes Dandy Fashions was a London fashion boutique founded in 1966 , following a chance encounter at the Speakeasy Club between Freddie Hornik and Alan Holston , who then got together with Australian John Crittle , the Guinness heir Tara Browne and Neil Winterbotham , and launched the new business .   Dandie Fashions opened its shop at 161 King 's Road , Chelsea in October 1966 . John Crittle had previously worked for Michael Rainey in his boutique Hung On You . Crittle and Tara Browne wanted a retail outlet for their new tailoring company Foster and Tara . In December 1966 , Browne died in a car crash , while he was on his way to discuss shop front designs with the graphic artist David Vaughan . Crittle bought his share of the business .   Five months after opening their Apple Boutique in Baker Street ( which ran from 7 December 1967 to 30 July 1968 ) , the Beatles invested in Dandie , renaming it Apple Tailoring ( Civil & Theatric ) . They were attracted to King 's Road by the presence of the clothing boutiques Dandie , along with Granny Takes a Trip and Hung On You . Apple Tailoring opened at the same 161 King 's Road premises as Dandie , on 23 May 1968 . Neil Aspinall and Apple 's accountant Stephen Maltz became directors . John Lennon and George Harrison attended the launch party . However , it never made a profit and closed some months later .

neg: AppleCare AppleCare is Apple 's brand name for extended warranty and technical support plans for their devices . Apple hardware normally has a one-year limited warranty and includes 90 days of technical support by telephone . Customers can obtain extended warranty coverage and technical support , which extends the length and expands the scope of coverage , by buying an AppleCare plan . The AppleCare Protection Plan is available for many Apple products including Mac computers and displays , iPhones and iPads , Apple Watches , and Apple TV . AppleCare plans include Apple software associated with the covered hardware . Customers can also buy additional support and training through AppleCare .

neg: IPod Touch The iPod Touch ( stylized and marketed as iPod touch ) is an iOS-based all-purpose handheld PC designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a user interface that is touchscreen-based . It can be used as a music and video player , digital camera , handheld game device , and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) . It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations , does not use cellular network data , and is therefore not a smartphone , though it has a similar design to the iPhone and is often referred to as the `` iPhone without a phone '' . Furthermore , it does not fit in Apple 's iPhone accessories such as their leather cases . As of May 2013 , 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold . It is also the most popular iPod model .   iPod touch models are sold by storage space and color , with all models of the same generation typically offering otherwise identical features , processors , and performance , in addition to available operating system upgrades ; an exception was the fifth generation , as the low-end ( 16 GB ) model was initially sold without a rear-facing camera . The current iPod touch is the sixth-generation model , released on July 15 , 2015 .

neg: Big Mac The Big Mac is a hamburger sold by international fast food restaurant chain McDonald 's . It was introduced in the Greater Pittsburgh area , United States , in 1967 and nationwide in 1968 . It is one of the company 's signature products .

neg: Apple Lisa Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple , released on January 19 , 1983 . It was one of the first personal computers to offer a graphical user interface ( GUI ) in a machine aimed at individual business users . Development of the Lisa began in 1978 , and it underwent many changes during the development period before shipping at the very high price of US$ 9,995 with a 5 MB hard drive . The high price , relatively low performance and unreliable `` Twiggy '' floppy disks led to poor sales , with only 100,000 units sold .   In 1982 , after Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project , he joined the Macintosh project , at that time developing a much more limited machine with a task-switching interface . Jobs redirected the Macintosh team to build a cheaper and better Lisa , releasing it in January 1984 and quickly outstripping Lisa sales . Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably , but it failed to achieve favorable sales compared to the much less expensive Mac . The final revision of the Lisa , the Lisa 2/10 , was modified and sold as the Macintosh XL .   Generally considered a failure , the Lisa nevertheless introduced a number of advanced features that would not re-appear on the Macintosh for a number of years . Among these was an operating system which featured protected memory and preemptive multitasking , and a more document-oriented workflow . The hardware itself was also much more advanced than the Macintosh , with a hard drive and support for up to 2 megabytes ( MB ) of RAM , expansion slots and a larger higher-resolution display . The main exception being that while the Macintosh also used the 68000 processor , the Macintosh initially used a version clocked at 7.89 Mhz , compared to the 5Mhz version used in the Lisa . The complexity of the Lisa operating system and its associated programs overtaxed the slower processor enough that users perceived it to be sluggish , particularly when scrolling in documents .

neg: Power Macintosh G3 (Blue & White) The Power Mac G3 series ( commonly known as the `` Blue and White G3 '' , or sometimes either as the `` B&W G3 '' , `` Yosemite G3 '' or `` Smurf Tower '' to distinguish it from the original Power Macintosh G3 ) is a short-lived series of personal computers designed , manufactured and sold by Apple Computer Inc. as part of their Power Macintosh line . It was introduced in January 1999 , succeeding the original `` beige '' Power Macintosh G3 , with which it shared the name and processor architecture but little else ; it was discontinued in favor of the Power Mac G4 line in August 1999 .   The Blue & White G3 used a modified version of the memory/PCI controller , the Motorola MPC106 ( codenamed `` Grackle '' ) ; it used the MPC106 v4 . The I/O `` Heathrow '' had been replaced by `` Paddington '' ( adding 100 Mbit Ethernet and power save features ) , the audio chip `` Screamer '' ( on the beige G3 's `` Personality Card '' ) had been replaced by `` Burgundy '' , and other controllers for Firewire ( Texas Instruments PCI-Lynx ) , for USB etc. were added .   Though still based on the PowerPC G3 architecture , the G3 B&W was a totally new design . The first new Power Mac model after the release of the iMac , it used a novel enclosure with the logic board on the folding `` door '' , which swung down onto the desk for easy access ( a design that was also used on all Power Mac G4 models except for the Cube ) , and borrowed the iMac 's blue-and-white color scheme . It also introduced the New World ROM to the Power Macintosh line .

neg: Apple Daily Apple Daily is a Hong Kong-based tabloid-style newspaper founded in 1995 by Jimmy Lai Chee Ying and is published by its company , Next Digital . A sister publication carrying the same name is published in Taiwan , Republic of China under a joint venture between Next Media and other Taiwanese companies . Apple Daily tends to favour the pan-democracy camp in its editorials and commentaries . However , this position has resulted in backlashes - ostensibly led by the Chinese government , who opposes democracy in Hong Kong - involving advertising boycotts , online hacking attacks and torchings of their newspapers .   Apple Daily 's popularity as Hong Kong 's second best selling newspaper , according to AC Nielsen , is derived from its concentration on celebrity coverage , brash news style , sensationalist news reportage and its anti-government political positions .

neg: Chicago (typeface) Chicago is a sans-serif typeface designed by Susan Kare for Apple Computer . It was used in the Macintosh operating system user interface between 1984 and 1997 and was an important part of Apple 's brand identity . It is also used in early versions of the iPod user interface . Chicago was initially a bitmap font ; as the Apple OS 's capabilities improved , Apple commissioned the type foundry Bigelow & Holmes to create a vector-based TrueType version . The typeface is named after the U.S. city of Chicago , following the theme of original Macintosh fonts being named after major world cities .   Susan Kare has stated that Chicago was the first font to be developed for the Macintosh . Before the team settled on the convention of naming fonts after `` world cities '' , it was called Elefont ( Elefont is also the name of a bold semi-serif typeface designed by Bob McGrath in 1978 ) . The first bitmap version included only a 12 pt . version . This font , with only very minor changes to spacing , was used for menus , dialogs , window titles , and text labels , through version 7.6 of the system . The TrueType version had many differences from the bitmap version , which became more apparent at greater sizes . One of Chicago 's features was that it could remain legible while being made `` grey '' ( to indicate a disabled menu item ) by the removal of every other pixel ( since actual grey type was not supported by the original Macintosh graphics hardware ) . The zero was slashed to distinguish it from capital `` O '' .   In Mac OS 8 , Charcoal replaced Chicago as the default system font . Chicago continued to be distributed as a standard component of the system , and Apple even urged developers to keep designing user interfaces for the Chicago typeface , since the new alternate fonts used the Chicago metrics as a foundation .   German-language versions of the Mac OS , as well as all language version of Mac OS 9 , had a different rendering of the 12-point version of Chicago . The letter W had two dips instead of one at the bottom of the letter , the letter V had its lower tip at the centre instead of veering left , and the letter I ( capital `` i '' ) had serifs at the top and bottom , distinguishing it from l ( lowercase `` L '' ) . A mix of this and the original Chicago was used in the original iPod .   Chicago was also used in Apple marketing materials . It was common to find this font in early amateur desktop publishing productions , since it was available as part of the system . While Apple gravitated away from Chicago following the adoption of the relatively easier-to-read Charcoal as part of the platinum theme in Mac OS , it was later revived in the user interface for the iPod music player , where legibility on a low resolution two-color screen once again became an asset . With the introduction of the iPod mini , a smaller typeface was needed , and the Espy Sans font from the Apple Newton was used . Finally , with the introduction of the iPod Photo , the color iPod interface changed to Podium Sans -- a bitmap font similar to the Myriad Pro typeface which Apple has adopted gradually for its marketing since 2002 .   Though the original font is no longer bundled with macOS , two Thai-language fonts bundled with macOS , Krungthep and Silom , use Chicago for their Latin letters and hence can be used as modern replacements .   Chicago is a registered trademark ( `` typeface fonts recorded on computer software '' ) , belonging to Apple since August 1996 .

neg: AppleWorks AppleWorks refers to two different office suite products , both of which are now discontinued . The first program known as AppleWorks is an integrated software package for the Apple II platform , released in 1984 by Apple Computer .   The second program known as AppleWorks is a renamed version of ClarisWorks '' ' , a Mac and Windows office suite program originally created by the former Apple subsidiary Claris . It was bundled with all consumer-level Macs sold by Apple . On August 15 , 2007 , this version of AppleWorks reached end-of-life status , and was no longer sold .   Word processing , spreadsheet , and presentation applications with capabilities similar to AppleWorks are currently part of the iWork suite .

neg: John Couch (American executive) John Couch is the Vice President of Education at Apple , Inc. . Couch holds an A.B. in Computer Science from Berkeley , 1969 . He earned his master 's degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in 1970 . John spent an additional two years in the Computer Science Ph.D. program . He left the program to work for Hewlett Packard as a software engineer . In 2010 John was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Philadelphia University for his innovative contributions to education .   At Hewlett Packard , John took on management roles at the same time teaching graduate courses at Cal State San Jose . He coauthored the textbook published by SRA ( Science Research Associates ) titled `` Compiler Construction : Theory and Practice . '' In 1978 John was recruited by Steve Jobs as Director of New Products for Apple Computer , Inc. . In early 1979 John was promoted to Vice President of Software . Like Steve , John was influenced by their visit to Xerox PARC and managed the initial graphical user interface for the Lisa system .   John was promoted to General Manager and Vice President of the newly created Lisa division , called `` Personal Office Systems . '' He ran the Lisa division through launch .   In the early years of Macintosh development , a Lisa was needed to compile software for the new machine . Bruce Horn tells a story in which he needed a Lisa for this purpose , and Steve Jobs directed him to just take one from John Couch 's office when he was away . Horn did so , and even decades later `` I still do n't know to this day whether Steve had arranged this with John , or if John came back to the surprise of an empty desk . ''   The truth being , at the time , the Macintosh was under development , and there were a limited number of Lisa machines available to develop Macintosh software . John felt it more important for the Macintosh developers to have use of the machine than for him to have one on his desk .   Couch left Apple in 1984 to take over a struggling Christian school in Solana Beach , CA .   Couch served as Executive in Residence for the Mayfield Fund . In 1997 , he became CEO of biotechnology software maker DoubleTwist ( then called Pangea Systems ) and served in this capacity , and then as Chairman , until the company failed in 2002 . At this point he returned to Apple to fill the newly created role of Vice President of Education .