query: The Arbëreshë form the oldest continuous ethnic Albanian diaspora.

pos: Albanians Albanians ( Shqiptarët ) are an ethnic group , native to Albania , Kosovo and neighboring countries . The term is also used to refer to the citizens of the Republic of Albania . Ethnic Albanians speak the Albanian language and more than half of ethnic Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo . A large Albanian population lives in the Republic of Macedonia and Italy , with smaller Albanian populations located in Serbia and Montenegro . The majority of Albanians are nominally Muslims ( mainly Sunni , with a smaller Shia , Sufi and Bektashi component ) , and a minority are nominally Christians ( Catholic and Orthodox ) .   Albanians produced many prominent figures such as Skanderbeg , leader of the medieval Albanian resistance to the Ottoman conquest and others during the Albanian National Awakening seeking self-determination . During the 17th and 18th century Albanians in large numbers converted to Islam , often to escape higher taxes levied on Christian subjects . As Muslims , some Albanians attained important political and military positions within the Ottoman Empire and culturally contributed to the wider Muslim world . Albania gained its independence in 1912 and between 1945 -- 1992 , Albanians lived under a repressive communist regime . Albanians within Yugoslavia underwent periods of discrimination and eventual self-determination that concluded with the breakup of that state in the early 1990s culminating with Albanians living in new countries and Kosovo . Outside the southwestern Balkans of where Albanians have traditionally been located , Albanian populations through the course of history have formed new communities contributing to the cultural , economic , social and political life of their host populations and countries while also at times assimilating too .   Between the 11th and 18th centuries , sizable numbers of Albanians migrated from the area of contemporary Albania to escape either various socio-political difficulties or the Ottoman conquest . One population which became the Arvanites settled down in southern Greece who starting from the 16th century though mainly during the 19th century onwards assimilated and today self identify as Greeks . Another population , who became the Arbëreshë settled in southern Italy and form the oldest continuous Albanian diaspora producing influential and many prominent figures . Smaller populations dating to migrations during the 18th century are located on Croatia 's Dalmatian coast and scattered communities across southern Ukraine .   The Albanian diaspora also exists in a number of other countries . One of these is located in Turkey . It was formed during the Ottoman era through economic migration and early years of the Turkish republic through migration for economic reasons and later sociopolitical circumstances of discrimination and violence experienced by Albanians in Balkan countries . Due to the Ottoman legacy , smaller populations of Albanians also exist in Egypt and the Levant , in particular Syria . In Western countries , a large and influential Albanian population exists in the United States formed from continuous emigration dating back to the 19th century . Other Albanians populations due to emigration between the 19th and 21th centuries are located in Australia , Argentina , New Zealand , Canada , Germany , Belgium , United Kingdom , France , Sweden , Switzerland , Slovenia , Croatia , Italy , Finland , Denmark , Norway , Austria , Netherlands , Bulgaria , Greece and Romania .

neg: Macedonia naming dispute The Macedonia naming dispute is a political dispute regarding the use of the name Macedonia between the southeastern European countries of Greece and the Republic of Macedonia , formerly a federal unit of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Pertinent to its background is an early 20th century multifaceted dispute and armed conflict that formed part of the background to the Balkan Wars . The specific naming dispute , although an existing issue in Yugoslav -- Greek relations since World War II , was reignited after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the newly gained independence of the former Socialist Republic of Macedonia in 1991 . Since then , it has been an ongoing issue in bilateral and international relations .   Citing historical and territorial concerns resulting from the ambiguity between the Republic of Macedonia , the adjacent Greek region of Macedonia and the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon which falls mostly within Greek Macedonia , Greece opposes the use of the name `` Macedonia '' by the Republic of Macedonia without a geographical qualifier such as `` Northern Macedonia '' for use by all and for all purposes . As millions of ethnic Greeks identify themselves as Macedonians , unrelated to the Slavic people who are associated with the Republic of Macedonia , Greece further objects to the use of the term `` Macedonian '' for the neighboring country 's largest ethnic group and its language . The Republic of Macedonia is accused of appropriating symbols and figures that are historically considered part of Greek culture such as the Vergina Sun and Alexander the Great , and of promoting the irredentist concept of a United Macedonia , which involves territorial claims on Greece , Bulgaria , Albania , and Serbia .   The dispute has escalated to the highest level of international mediation , involving numerous attempts to achieve a resolution . In 1995 , the two countries formalised bilateral relations and committed to start negotiations on the naming issue , under the auspices of the United Nations . Until a solution is found , the provisional reference `` the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia '' ( sometimes unofficially abbreviated as FYROM ) is used by international organisations and states which do not recognise translations of the constitutional name Republic of Macedonia ( Република Македонија , Republika Makedonija ) . UN members , and the UN as a whole , have agreed to accept any final agreement on a new name resulting from negotiations between the two countries . The parties are represented by Ambassadors Vasko Naumovski and Adamantios Vassilakis , under the mediation of Matthew Nimetz .

neg: Artsruni The Artsruni ( Արծրունի also transliterated as Ardzruni ) were an ancient noble ( princely ) family of Armenia .

neg: Serbs of White Carniola Apart from the immigrant community that makes up the vast majority of Serbs in Slovenia , there are a few villages in the southern region of White Carniola inhabited by descendants of Serbs that fled from the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century , beginning in 1528 and permanent by 1593 . These immigrants founded settlements in which descendants of Serbs live to these days : Bojanci , Marindol , Paunoviči , Adlešiči , Žuniči , Miliči and others . The majority of the community ( Srbi v Beli krajini ) have kept the Serbian Orthodox faith and their distinctive culture , although they have been almost completely assimilated to their Slovene-speaking environment . Some of them became Uniate ( Eastern Catholic ) in the 17th and 18th century .

neg: Arben Arben is an Albanian masculine given name that refers to the first Albanian entity during the Middle Ages : Principality of Arbanon ( Principata e Arbënit ) .   Arben Biba ( born 1976 ) , Albanian Kosovar actor  Arben Imami ( born 1958 ) , Albanian politician  Arben Malaj ( born 1961 ) , Albanian politician  Arben Minga ( 1959 -- 2007 ) , Albanian footballer  Arben Morina ( born 1956 ) , Albanian painter  Arben Ristani ( born 1969 ) , head of the Central Election Commission of Albania  Arben Shehu ( born 1980 ) , former Albanian football striker  Arben Xhaferi , former president of the Democratic Party of Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia

neg: Has District Has District ( Rrethi i Hasit ) was one of the thirty-six districts of Albania ( which were dissolved in 2000 ) that is now part of Kukës County , and one of the smallest districts of Albania . It had a population of 17,419 ( 2010 estimate ) , and an area of 393 km ² . It is in the north-east of the country , and its capital and only municipality was Krumë .   Has District , besides the town of Krumë , comprised a number of villages which are well known for their help in 1999 during the Kosovo War against the Serbian Army , for the unprecedented hospitality given to the thousands of refugees from Kosovo ( there were about 78,000 refugees staying in the homes of Has inhabitants , or more than threefold the population of the Has District at that time ) . Hasi is located in the border of Albania and Kosovo . The ethnographic region of Has is much wider than the District of Has , because about half of this region is located in the territory of Kosovo , from the Albania-Kosovo border to the gates of the cities of Prizren and Gjakova . Hasi was the trade center of north Albania .   Year-by-year the population of Has has been falling dramatically . European studies show that the decline in the Has population is falling due to the lack of economy so there is a huge number of people from this area migrating to countries like the United Kingdom and the United States but mostly to Tirana , the capital of Albania .

neg: Albanians in Montenegro Albanians in Montenegro '' ' ( Albanci u Crnoj Gori , Shqiptarët e Malit të Zi ) constitute 4.91 % of the county 's total population . Albanians of Montenegro are Ghegs who mainly live in southeastern and eastern Montenegro , mainly in the following municipalities : Ulcinj ( 71 % of population ) , Plav ( 19 % ) , Bar ( 6 % ) , Podgorica ( 5 % ) and Rožaje ( 5 % ) .   The largest city of Albanians in Montenegro is Ulcinj , where the headquarters of Albanian National Council are located .

neg: Armenians in Malta Armenian Diaspora in Malta is a community of Armenians , living on the island of Malta . There are thousands of Armenians on Malta , but only some 400-500 identify themselves as Armenians . The rest are assimilated with the locals and they consider themselves Maltese . The surnames and documents , saved in their family archives , are indicative of their Armenian origin . The interests of the Armenian Diaspora in Malta are represented by the Armenian Community of Malta .

neg: Immigration to Turkey Since the 19th century , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish ( Turkic ) and Muslim peoples ( who are termed `` Muhacir '' under a general definition ) from the Balkans ( Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ) , Caucasus ( Abkhazians , Ajarians , ` Circassians ' , Chechens ) , Crimea ( Crimean Tatar diaspora ) , Crete ( Cretan Turks ) , took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country 's fundamental features .   Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day , although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements -- Turkey , for example , receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Republic of Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia .

neg: Punjabis The Punjabis ( Punjabi : , ਪ ਜਾਬੀ ) , or Punjabi people , are an ethno-linguistic group associated with the Punjab , who speak Punjabi , an Indo-Aryan language . Punjab literally means the land of five waters ( Persian : panj ( `` five '' ) āb ( `` waters '' ) . The name of the region was introduced by the Greeksas Pentapotamia , which was later translated into Persian by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire . Punjab is often referred to as the breadbasket in both Pakistan and India .   The coalescence of the various tribes , castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab into a broader common `` Punjabi '' identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE . Prior to that the sense and perception of a common `` Punjabi '' ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist , even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab had long shared linguistic , cultural and racial commonalities .   Traditionally , Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic , geographical and cultural . Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion , and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region , or associate with its population , and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue . Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture , since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections . More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background .   Historically , the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari ( literally meaning `` brotherhood '' ) or tribes , with each person bound to a clan . However , Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes . With the passage of time , tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society , as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society .

neg: Marigo Posio Marigo Posio ( 1882 -- 1932 ) was one of the most distinguished Albanian women , an activist of the Albanian National Awakening and Independence Movement , and consolidation of the Albanian women social status . She is mostly remembered for sewing ( or embroidering ) the flag raised by Ismail Qemali during the Albanian Declaration of Independence in Vlorë on 28 November 1912 .   Marigo was the daughter of Papa Kosta Poçi and Lenka Ballauri ( from Voskopojë ) . Some official Albanian sources define Hoçisht village near Korçë ( back then Vilayet of Monastir in Ottoman Empire ) to be her birthplace . Some other and later sources mention Korçë itself . Her sister Urani was married to Albanian politician and playwright Kristo Floqi , while the other sister Angjeliqi was married to Albanian politician and Prime Minister Kostaq Kota . Her two brothers Niko and Kristo were both emigrants to US , the first one settled in Natick , MA , and the other in Salt Lake City . She was a relative of Albanian patriot Spiro Ilo , activist of the Albanian colony of Romania and signatory of the Declaration of Independence Act . Marigo was educated in the First Albanian School of Korçë , being the 27th student enrolled in it .   She married Jovan Posio from Hoçisht at a young age . The couple used the last name Posio , although it shows up also as Pozio , Pozjo , or Bozjo . The couple moved to Vlora around 1904 , in Muradie neighborhood . Their house served as a center for meetings and activities of Albanian patriotic figures of that time . Marigo was a member of the Labëria Patriotic Club founded in Vlore in 1908 . She was one of the initiators of the Albanian School of Vlore of 1909 . The Albanian Declaration of Independence took place on 28 November 1912 in Vlora . Marigo is considered the `` mother '' of the Albanian flag which was raised during the Independence Act . The official sources mention her to have embroidered the flag . Lef Nosi , respected Albanian politician present at the event , states that the black eagle was cut from satin and was sewed upon the red base . Ekrem Vlora mentions that the flag was a gift from Aladro Castriota and Marigo was given it to make copies . In all cases , she is involved . She also produced many copies of the flag on her own expenses for various offices of the Vlora Government .   Marigo is considered a leader of the first Albanian Women Organization , which aimed at helping wounded soldier which came from the border war with Greece . The organization was founded on 13 May 1914 . Other members were wives of prominent Albanian figures of the time , i.e. wives of Syrja Vlora or Mehmet Pasha of Delvina .   On 6 February 1921 , she started publishing her own paper Shpresa shqiptare ( `` The Albanian hope '' ) which continued with 6 issues .   The family suffered from a series of misfortunes , first with their children , and later with Marigo 's health due to tuberculosis . Kristo Floqi raised his voice on 9 December 1928 accusing the Albanian authorities of having forgotten Marigo 's contribute . Marigo did not receive the `` veteran 's status '' like many others did post 1912 . She died neglected and forgotten in 1932 , and was buried in the Zvërnec Monastery cemetery .

neg: Gjirokastër Gjirokastër ( -LSB- ɟiɾokastəɾ -RSB- ) is a city in southern Albania , situated in a valley between the Gjerë mountains and the Drino , at 300 metres above sea level . Its old town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site described as `` a rare example of a well-preserved Ottoman town , built by farmers of large estate '' . The city is overlooked by Gjirokastër Fortress , where the Gjirokastër National Folklore Festival is held every five years . It is the birthplace of former Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha and notable writer Ismail Kadare .   The city appears in the historical record dating back in 1336 by its Greek name , Αργυρόκαστρο - Argyrokastro , as part of the Byzantine Empire . It became part of the Orthodox Christian doecese of Dryinoupolis and Argyrokastro after the destruction of nearby Adrianoupolis . Gjirokastër later became the center of the principality ruled by John Zenevisi ( 1373 -- 1417 ) before falling under Ottoman rule for the next five centuries . Throughout the Ottoman era Gjirokastër was officially known in Ottoman Turkish as Ergiri and also Ergiri Kasrı . During the Ottoman period conversions to Islam and an influx of Muslim converts from the surrounding countryside made Gjirokastër go from being an overwhelmingly Christian city in the 16th century into one with a large Muslim population by the early 19th century . Gjirokastër also became a major religious centre for Bektashi Sufism . Taken by the Hellenic Army during the Balkan Wars of 1912 -- 3 on account of its large Greek population , it was eventually incorporated into the newly independent state of Albania in 1913 . This proved highly unpopular with the local Greek population , who rebelled ; after several months of guerrilla warfare , the short-lived Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus was established in 1914 with Gjirokastër as its capital . It was definitively awarded to Albania in 1921 . In more recent years , the city witnessed anti-government protests that lead to the Albanian civil war of 1997 .   Along Muslim and Orthodox Albanians , the city is also home to a substantial Greek minority . The city together with Sarandë , is considered one of the centers of the Greek community in Albania , and there is a consulate of Greece .

neg: Albanian revolt of 1432–36 The Albanian revolt of 1432 -- 36 was a series of conflicts between Albanian rebels and the Ottoman Empire during the early period of Ottoman rule in the region . Prompted by the replacement of large parts of the local nobility with Ottoman landowners , centralized governance and the Ottoman taxation system , the population and the nobles , led principally by Gjergj Arianiti , revolted against the Ottomans .   During the early phases of the revolt , many land ( timar ) holders were killed or expelled . As it spread , the nobles , whose holdings had been annexed by the Ottomans returned to join the revolt and attempts to form alliances with the Holy Roman Empire were initiated . While the leaders of the revolt were successful in defeating successive Ottoman campaigns , they failed to capture many important towns of the sanjak of Albania . Protracted sieges like that of Gjirokastër , capital of the sanjak , gave the Ottoman army time to assemble large forces from other parts of the empire and to subdue the main revolt by the end of 1436 . Ottoman forces conducted a number of massacres in the aftermath of the revolt .   After the revolt had largely been suppressed , those who accepted Ottoman suzerainty were initially allowed to retain their holdings and partial autonomy . Many timars were also granted to local Albanians holding high posts of the administration , especially during the rule of Jakub Muzaka and Skanderbeg . Throughout the pacification process , various primarily rural areas were still in revolt and new rebellions erupted , like that of Teodor Korona Muzaka in 1437 . As the empire further extended its area of rule in the Balkans , centralization attempts and the replacement of local timar holders with Ottoman landowners resumed . These policies would lead in part to the formation of the League of Lezhë under Skanderbeg in 1444 , and a new era in the Ottoman -- Albanian wars .

neg: Abkhazians Abkhazians or the Abkhaz ( Abkhaz : Аҧсуа , Apswa ; აფხაზები -LSB- ɑpʰxɑzɛbi -RSB- ) are a Caucasian ethnic group , mainly living in Abkhazia , a disputed region on the Black Sea coast . A large Abkhaz diaspora population resides in Turkey , the origins of which lie in the emigration from the Caucasus in the late 19th century known as muhajirism . Many Abkhaz also live in other parts of the former Soviet Union , particularly in Russia and Ukraine .

neg: Albanian Greek Catholic Church The Albanian Greek Catholic Church is an autonomous ( sui iuris in Latin ) Byzantine Rite particular church in communion with Rome , whose members live in Albania and which comprises the Apostolic Administration of Southern Albania . It is not to be confused with the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church .

neg: League of Lezhë The League of Lezhë ( Lidhja/Bes ëlidhja e Lezhës ) was a military alliance of feudal lords in Albania forged in Lezhë on 2 March 1444 , initiated and organised under Venetian patronage with Skanderbeg as leader of the regional Albanian and Serbian chieftains united against the Ottoman Empire . The main members of the league were the Arianiti , Balšić , Zaharia , Muzaka , Spani , Thopia and Crnojevići . All earlier and many modern historians accepted Marin Barleti 's news about this meeting in Lezhë ( without giving it equal weight ) , although no contemporary Venetian document mentions it . Barleti referred to the meeting as the generalis concilium or universum concilium -LSB- general or whole council -RSB- ; the term `` League of Lezhë '' was coined by subsequent historians .

neg: Albania under the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Albania comprised Albania during the period it was part of the Ottoman Empire , from 1385 to 1912 . Ottoman rule in Albania began after the Battle of Savra in 1385 when most of the local chieftains became Ottoman vassals . The Ottomans erected their garrisons throughout southern Albania by 1415 and established formal jurisdiction over most of Albania by 1431 . Independence for some Albanian regions was gained during 1443-1479 , with the uprising under the lead of George Kastrioti Skanderbeg . The last towns captured by the Ottomans were Shkodër in 1479 and Durrës in 1501 . The territory which today belongs to the Republic of Albania remained part of the Ottoman Empire until declaring independence in 1912 during the Balkan Wars .

neg: Architecture of Albania The Architecture of Albania is influenced by Illyrian , Greek , Roman , Ottoman and Italian architecture , while preserving distinct Albanian features such as the Albanian house . From antiquity to the modern period , cities in Albania have evolved from within the castle to include dwellings , religious , and commercial structures , with constant redesigning of town squares and evolution of building techniques .

neg: Genetic studies on Turkish people In population genetics , research has been made to study the genetic origins of the modern Turkish people in Turkey . These studies sought to determine whether the modern Turks have a stronger genetical affinity with the Turkic peoples of Central Asia from where the Seljuk Turks began migrating to Anatolia following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 , which led to the establishment of the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate in the late 11th century ; or if they instead largely descended from the indigenous peoples of Anatolia who were culturally assimilated during the Seljuk and Ottoman periods , with assimilation policies such as the devshirme system and the jizya tax .   Autosomal studies with recent methodology estimate the Central Asian contribution in Turkish people at 13-15 % noting that results may indicate previous population movements ( e.g. migration , admixture ) or genetic drift , given the fact that Europe and South Asia have some genetic relatedness .   The largest autosomal study on Turkish genetics predicted that the weight of Central Asian migration legacy of the Turkish people is estimated at 21.7 % . The authors conclude on the basis of previous studies that `` South Asian contribution to Turkey 's population was significantly higher than East/Central Asian contributions , suggesting that the genetic variation of medieval Central Asian populations may be more closely related to South Asian populations , or that there was continued low level migration from South Asia into Anatolia . '' They note that these weights are not direct estimates of the migration rates as the original donor populations are not known , and the exact kinship between current East Asians and the medieval Oghuz Turks is uncertain . For instance , genetic pools of Central Asian Turkic peoples is particularly diverse and modern Oghuz Turkmens living in Central Asia are with slightly higher West Eurasian genetic component than East Eurasian .   Several studies have concluded that the genetic haplogroups indigenous to Western Asia have the largest share in the gene pool of the present-day Turkish population . An admixture analysis determined that the Anatolian Turks share most of their genetic ancestry with non-Turkic populations in the region and the 12th century is set as an admixture date . However , isolates with dominant Central Asian genetic makeup were found in an Afshar village near Ankara .

neg: Albanian Roots Albanian Roots ( Albanian : Rrënjët Shqiptare ) is a non-religious , Non-Profit Organization of young Albanian Professionals whose primary function is to strengthen the Albanian community by integrating the Albanians with each other and their respective adopted countries throughout the whole Albanian diaspora . Albanian Roots works primarily to build a strong relationship with other Albanian communities in order to share a more dynamic and cohesive partnership . Albanian Roots focuses on promoting the Albanian culture and heritage to the younger generations by improving the community in organizing events such as network events , picnics , art shows , festivals and its main event the Albanian Roots Parade in the Immigrants Day Parade in New York City . Albanian Roots focuses on `` cultural activities movements '' as well as performing activist campaigns through a network of delegates , advisers , and analysts .

neg: Casalvecchio di Puglia Casalvecchio ( Arbërisht : Kazallveqi ) is an Arbëreshë comune and village in the Province of Foggia , Apulia , southern Italy . Mostly originating from a 15th-century migration of Albanians , the residents have subsisted by family farming . Of those native to the area for generations , many have continued to use the Arbëreshë language , even those of the post-World War 2 generation . The population in 2003 was 2,082 .


query: Athletics at the Summer Olympics includes field events.

pos: Athletics at the Summer Olympics Athletics has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics . The athletics program traces its earliest roots to events used in the ancient Greek Olympics . The modern program includes track and field events , road running events , and racewalking events . Cross country running was also on the program in earlier editions but it was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics .

neg: List of 1932 Summer Olympics medal winners The 1932 Summer Olympics , referred to by the International Olympic Committee as the Games of the X Olympiad , were held in Los Angeles , California , United States , from July 30 through August 14 , 1932 .   A total of individual athletes won medals . Athletes from the United States were the most successful , winning 103 medals during the games , 41 of which were gold . Italy and Finland , won the second and third most medals , with 36 and 25 respectively . France finished third in the medals table ( behind Italy and the United States ) having achieved 10 golds in their haul of 19 medals .   Medals were awarded in a total of 116 events across 16 sports . In addition , American football and lacrosse were held as demonstration events and therefore did not award medals to athletes .   __ NOTOC __

neg: 1991 IAAF Grand Prix Final The 1991 IAAF Grand Prix Final was the seventh edition of the season-ending competition for the IAAF Grand Prix track and field circuit , organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations . It was held on 20 September at the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain .   Sergey Bubka ( pole vault ) and Heike Henkel ( high jump ) were the overall points winners of the tournament . They were the first field athletes to win the series , all previous winners having come from track events . The programme featured 17 athletics events , ten for men and seven for women , marking a reduction by one from the last series .   The competition preceded the 1992 Barcelona Olympics , which hosted its athletics competition at the same location a year later .

neg: Combined track and field events Combined events are competitions in which athletes participate in a number of track and field events , earning points for their performance in each event , which adds to a total points score . Outdoors , the most common combined events are the men 's decathlon and the women 's heptathlon . Due to stadium limitations , indoor combined events competition have a reduced number of events , resulting in the men 's heptathlon and the women 's pentathlon . Athletes are allocated points based on an international-standard points scoring system , such as the decathlon scoring table . Other longer combined events do exist , such as the icosathlon ( double decathlon ) for men and the tetradecathlon for women . Indoors , both men and women compete in the tetradecathlon , with slightly different events to the women 's outdoor version .

neg: World and Olympic records set at the 2000 Summer Olympics A number of world records and Olympic records were set in various events at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney .

neg: 1976 Summer Olympics medal table The 1976 Summer Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees ranked by the number of medals won during the 1976 Summer Olympics , held in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , from July 17 to August 1 , 1976 . A total of 6,084 athletes from 92 countries participated in these Games , competing in 198 events in 23 sports .   Twenty-eight African countries boycotted these Games . This decision was taken in response to the participation of New Zealand , because its national rugby union team ( the All Blacks ) continued to play rugby with South Africa , which had been banned from the Olympic movement since 1964 due to its apartheid policies .   Athletes from 41 countries won at least one medal , leaving 51 countries in blank in the medal table . The Soviet Union won the highest number of gold medals ( 49 ) and overall medals ( 125 ) . Thailand and Bermuda won the first medals in their Olympic history , with Bermuda still being the least populous nation to ever win a Summer Olympic medal .  The Montreal Summer Olympics proved disastrous to Canada not only in financial terms ; it failed to win a single gold medal despite being the host nation . Overall , it was 27th in the medal table , which remains the worst result a host nation has ever scored in the history of the Games .   Nikolai Andrianov of the Soviet Union won seven medals ( four gold , two silver and one bronze medals ) , becoming the most medalled athlete in these Games .

neg: Rowing at the Summer Olympics Rowing at the Summer Olympics has been part of the competition since its debut in the 1900 Summer Olympics . Rowing was on the program at the 1896 Summer Olympics but was cancelled due to bad weather . Only men were allowed to compete until the women 's events were introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal which gave national federations the incentive to support women 's events and catalysed growth in women 's rowing . Lightweight rowing events ( which have weight-limited crews ) were introduced to the games in 1996 .  Qualifying for the rowing events is under the jurisdiction of the International Rowing Federation ( or FISA , its French acronym ) . FISA predates the modern Olympics and was the first international sport federation to join the modern Olympic movement .

neg: 2008 Summer Paralympics The 2008 Summer Paralympic Games ( Chinese : 第十三屆残疾人奥林匹克运动会 ) , the thirteenth Paralympics , took place in Beijing , China from September 6 to 17 , 2008 . As with the 2008 Summer Olympics , equestrian events were held in Hong Kong and sailing events in Qingdao .   3,951 athletes from 146 countries took part . This was the largest ever number of nations at the Paralympics ( ten more than in Athens ) , and five countries competed for the first time . China fielded more athletes than any other country . The slogan for the 2008 Paralympics was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics , `` One World , One Dream '' ( Pinyin Tóng yīge shìjìe tóng yīge mèngxiǎng , lit . `` One World , One Dream '' ) . China dominated the medal count finishing with 89 gold medals and 211 total medals , more than double the next-ranked NPC in both cases .   339 Paralympic records and 279 world records were broken .   International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) President Philip Craven declared the Games `` the greatest Paralympic Games ever . ''

neg: Ethiopia at the Olympics Ethiopia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1956 , and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then , except for the 1976 , 1984 and 1988 Games . Ethiopia also participated in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time at the 2006 Games in Turin .   Ethiopian athletes have won a total of 45 medals , all in athletics .   Ethiopia 's participation in the Olympics is organized by the Ethiopian Olympic Committee , founded in 1948 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1954 .

neg: Athletics at the Gymnasiade Athletics is one of the core sports on the programme for the Gymnasiade , an international multi-sport event organised by the International School Sport Federation ( ISF ) . It has featured at all editions of the competition since 1976 . An athletics competition was held the same year as the inaugural 1974 Gymnasiade , but was held separately at a different location . The event , contested by youth athletes under eighteen years old , was used as a reference point by the International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF ) when organising its first IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics in 1999 .

neg: Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon The men 's marathon event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics . The marathon was held on Sunday , July 13 , 1924 .   It was only the second Olympic marathon to use the distance of 26 miles , 385 yards which was first used in 1908 and is now the standard marathon distance .   Fifty-eight runners from 20 nations competed .

neg: Athletics at the 1991 Summer Universiade At the 1991 Summer Universiade , the athletics events were held at the Don Valley Stadium in Sheffield in the United Kingdom from July 14 -- 25 . A total of 43 events were contested , of which 23 by male and 20 by female athletes .   Performances were of a high standard , particularly in the men 's competition , with 6 Games records broken , with 1988 Olympic silver medalist Hollis Conway jumping 2.37 m in the high jump and home favourite Steve Backley throwing 87.42 m in the javelin , both performances that remain Universiade records to this day . Future Olympic champion Derrick Adkins won the 400 metre hurdles .   The United States easily topped the medal table with fifteen gold medals and 31 medals in total . The Soviet Union won the next highest number of events , with six gold medallists , and 20 total medals . Great Britain , the host nation , came joint-third in the medal table with two gold medals and nine medals in total . Twenty-eight nations reached the medal table in the athletics competition .

neg: International Track & Field International Track & Field is a 3D update of Konami 's Track & Field series , in which up to four players compete in eleven different Olympic events . The game was released for the PlayStation and the arcades in 1996 . The arcade version was released only in Japan as Hyper Athlete . In 2008 the game was released on PlayStation Network . All six events from the first game , 1983 's Track & Field , are included , but only three events ( swimming , pole vault and triple jump ) are taken from the sequel , Hyper Sports . International Track & Field uses the three-button control system of its predecessors ( two run buttons and one action button per player ) and the eleven disciplines can be attempted in any order . The available events are :  100m Sprint  Long Jump  Shot Put  100m Free style  110m Hurdle  High Jump  Hammer  Triple Jump  Javelin  Pole Vault  Discus

neg: United States at the Olympics The United States of America have sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games , except the 1980 Summer Olympics , during which it led a boycott . The United States Olympic Committee ( USOC ) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States .   U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,521 medals ( 1,022 of them being gold ) at the Summer Olympic Games and another 282 at the Winter Olympic Games . Most medals have been won in athletics ( track and field ) ( 801 , 32 % ) and swimming ( 553 , 22 % ) . Thomas Burke was the first athlete to represent the United States at the Olympics . He took first place in both the 100 meters and the 400 meters of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . American track and field athlete James Connolly was the first modern Olympic champion . He took first place in the triple jump which was the first opening day final event at the 1896 Summer Olympics . American swimmer Michael Phelps is the most-decorated Olympic athlete of any nation , with 28 medals ( including 23 golds ) .   The United States has won gold at every games at which it has competed , more gold and overall medals than any other country in the Summer Games and also has the second-most gold and overall medals at the Winter Games , trailing only Norway . From the mid-20th century to the late 1980s , the United States mainly competed with the Soviet Union at Summer Games and with the Soviet Union , Norway , and East Germany at the Winter Games . However , after the dissolution of the Soviet Union , it now primarily contends with China at the Summer Games for both the overall medal count and the gold medal count and with Norway at the Winter Games for the overall medal count . The United States has topped the total medal count at two Winter Olympics : 1932 in Lake Placid and 2010 in Vancouver . At the 2010 games , the United States set a record for the most total medals ( 37 ) of any country at a single Winter Olympics .

neg: Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's pole vault The Men 's Pole Vault event at the 2000 Summer Olympics as part of the athletics program was held at the Olympic Stadium on Wednesday , 27 September and Friday , 29 September .   The pole vault has been ever present since the beginning of the modern Olympic Games in 1896 .

neg: 1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics , known officially as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially as the Centennial Olympic Games , was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Atlanta , Georgia , United States , from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 . A record 197 nations , all current IOC member nations , took part in the Games , comprising 10,318 athletes . The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games , which had been held in the same year since 1924 , and place them in alternating even-numbered years , beginning in 1994 . The 1996 Summer Games were the first to be staged in a different year from the Winter Games . Atlanta became the fifth American city to host the Olympic Games and the third to hold a Summer Olympic Games .

neg: Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics At the 1920 Summer Olympics held in Antwerp , 29 athletics events were contested , all for men only . The competitions were held from August 15 , 1920 to August 23 , 1920 .

neg: Netherlands at the 2008 Summer Olympics The Netherlands competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , People 's Republic of China . This was announced in an official statement on the NOC * NSF website . In the statement they named the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games as a highlight in sports to which a lot of sportspeople , coaches and the Dutch sports fans would look forward . The Netherlands aimed for a top 10 nations ranking in the Olympics as well as a top 25 ranking in the Paralympics ; they ended up ranking 12th at the Games .   Further in the statement they announced that they were aware of the political discussions about human rights and other issues in the People 's Republic of China and that they encouraged these discussions , but that they would only participate in sports related discussions . They say individual sportspeople , coaches and managers might have their own opinions about the issues but these would always be conveyed as personal opinions deriving from their own social views . They believe sports activities do have the opportunity to positively influence the situation in the People 's Republic of China when it comes to implementing the sports rules correctly as well as in situations improving the levels of respect , solidarity and fair play in sports .   There were 243 athletes representing the Netherlands . 15 in athletics , 24 in baseball , 2 in canoeing , 27 in cycling , 8 in equestrian , 2 in fencing , 32 in field hockey , 18 in football , 2 in gymnastics , 10 in judo , 30 in rowing , 12 in sailing , 15 in softball , 21 in swimming , 3 in table tennis , 1 in taekwondo , 2 in triathlon , 6 in volleyball and 13 in water polo . 61 different athletes won a medal , which is 25.10 % of all athletes . With a gold and a silver medal Anky van Grunsven was the only multiple medalist . The athletes that qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics are listed below .

neg: Athletics at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's long jump The Men 's Long Jump athletics events for the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium from August 31 to September 5 . A total of 7 events were contested for 7 different classifications .

neg: List of Olympic medalists in art competitions There were 146 medalists in the art competitions that were part of the Olympic Games from 1912 until 1948 . These art competitions were considered an integral part of the movement by International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) founder Pierre de Coubertin and necessary to recapture the complete essence of the Ancient Olympic Games . Their absence before the 1912 Summer Olympics , according to journalism professor Richard Stanton , stems from Coubertin `` not wanting to fragment the focus of his new and fragile movement '' . Art competitions were originally planned for inclusion in the 1908 Summer Olympics but were delayed after that edition 's change in venue from Rome to London following the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius . By the 1924 Summer Olympics they had grown to be considered internationally relevant and potentially `` a milestone in advancing public awareness of art as a whole '' .   During their first three appearances , the art competitions were grouped into five broad categories : architecture , literature , music , painting , and sculpture . The Dutch Organizing Committee for the 1928 Summer Olympics split these into subcategories in the hopes of increasing participation . Although it was a successful strategy , the 1932 Summer Olympics eliminated several of these subcategories , which led to fewer entries in the broader categories . For the 1936 Summer Olympics , the German government proposed the addition of a film contest to the program , which was rejected .   Following a final appearance at the 1948 Summer Olympics , art competitions were removed from the Olympic program . Planners of the 1952 Summer Olympics opposed their inclusion on logistical grounds , claiming that the lack of an international association for the event meant that the entire onus of facilitation was placed on the local organizing committee . Concerns were also raised about the professionalism of the event , since only amateurs were allowed to participate in the sporting tournaments , and the growing commercialization of the competitions , as artists had been permitted to sell their submissions during the course of the Games since 1928 . In 1952 an art festival and exhibition was held concurrent with the Games , a tradition that has been maintained in all subsequent Summer Olympics .   The IOC does not track medalists in Olympic art competitions in its database and thus the prize winners are only officially recorded in the original Olympic reports . Judges were not required to distribute first , second , and third place awards for every category , and thus certain events lack medalists in these placements . Since participants were allowed multiple submissions , it was also possible for artists to win more than one in a single event , as Alex Diggelmann of Switzerland did in the graphic arts category of the 1948 edition . Diggelmann is tied with Denmark 's Josef Petersen , who won second prize three times in literature , for the amount of medals captured in the art competitions . Luxembourg 's Jean Jacoby is the only individual to win two gold medals , doing so in painting in 1924 and 1928 . Of the 146 medalists , 11 were women and only Finnish author Aale Tynni was awarded gold . Germany was the most successful nation , with eight gold , seven silver , and nine bronze medals , although one was won by Coubertin himself , a Frenchman . He submitted his poem Ode to Sport under the pseudonyms Georges Hohrod and Martin Eschbach , as if it were a joint-entry , and won first prize in the 1912 literature category . The original report credits this medal to Germany . Two individuals , Walter W. Winans and Alfréd Hajós , won medals in both athletic and art competitions .

neg: Athletics at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics , 36 athletics events were contested -- 18 for boys and 18 for girls -- on 17 -- 19 and 21 -- 23 August 2010 . The events took place in Bishan Stadium , Singapore . Athletes born between January 1 , 1993 and December 31 , 1994 were eligible to compete . Continents selected their athletes through Youth Continental Championships ( Continental Youth Olympic Trials ) .   While most events mirrored those at the Summer Olympic Games , some events were distinct from the Games ' senior counterpart . A 1000 metres race was scheduled in place of the more traditional 800/1 ,500 metres races . The steeplechase was held over 2000 m , instead of the seniors ' 3000 m distance , and the competition featured a medley relay with legs of 100 m , 200 m , 300 m and 400 m ( in the Swedish style ) . Combined ( or multi-discipline ) events were not contested .


query: Craig Middlebrooks is a character on an NBC sitcom.

pos: Billy Eichner Billy Eichner ( born September 18 , 1978 ) is an American comedian , actor , writer , and television personality . He is the star , executive producer and creator of Funny Or Die 's Billy on the Street , a comedy game show that airs on truTV . Eichner was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for `` Outstanding Game Show Host '' in 2013 . He is also known for playing Craig Middlebrooks on the sitcom Parks and Recreation .   Eichner currently stars in the Hulu original series Difficult People alongside Julie Klausner .

pos: Craig Middlebrooks Craig Middlebrooks is a fictional character on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation . Portrayed by Billy Eichner , Craig began making recurring appearances during the sixth season before being promoted to a main character midway through season seven , which would become the show 's final season .

neg: Saved by the Bell: The College Years Saved by the Bell : The College Years is an American sitcom sequel to the Saved by the Bell series which ran from May 22 , 1993 to February 8 , 1994 , lasting for only one season . It is the third incarnation of the franchise . It is also the only series of the franchise to air on primetime television instead of Saturday mornings . It aired on NBC on Tuesday evenings .

neg: The Man from U.N.C.L.E. The Man from U.N.C.L.E. is an American spy fiction television series broadcast on NBC . It follows secret agents , played by Robert Vaughn and David McCallum , who work for a secret international counter-espionage and law enforcement agency called U.N.C.L.E. Originally , co-creator Sam Rolfe wanted to leave the meaning of U.N.C.L.E. ambiguous so it could refer to either `` Uncle Sam '' or the United Nations . Concerns by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 's ( MGM ) legal department about using `` U.N. '' for commercial purposes resulted in the producers ' clarification that U.N.C.L.E. was an acronym for the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement . Each episode had an `` acknowledgement '' to the U.N.C.L.E. in the end titles .   The series premiered on September 22 , 1964 and discontinued its run on January 15 , 1968 .

neg: Give Me a Ring Sometime `` Give Me a Ring Sometime '' is the first episode of the American situation comedy Cheers . Written by Glen and Les Charles and directed by James Burrows , the episode first aired September 30 , 1982 on NBC . The pilot episode introduces the employees of bar Cheers : Sam Malone , Diane Chambers , Coach Ernie Pantusso , and Carla Tortelli ; and regular customers Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin . In this episode , Diane , brought in by fiancé Sumner Sloan , meets the employees and patrons of the bar . When she realizes that her fiancé has left her alone in the bar , Diane accepts Sam 's offer to be the bar 's waitress to start over .   In the original script the employees were the principal characters , and Norm and Cliff were not included . Later revisions added Norm and Cliff , and scenes were restructured and rewritten . Originally , Cheers set would be a hotel , but it was ultimatelly changed to a bar . Ratings were low when the episode first aired , but were moderately successful in reruns . It has been critically praised over the years , and earned its writers awards for Best Writing in 1983 .

neg: Bride and Groom (TV series) Bride and Groom is an American daytime television series . It was originally broadcast in the early 1950s on CBS , and later moved to NBC . It could be considered an early reality series . The series presented marriages live on the air , but these couples were not put together for the purpose of the program . Couples who were intending to get married could apply to be married on the show . The CBS episodes aired in a 15-minute time-slot , with two commercial breaks .   The program was based on a radio series .   In a 1957 news article , it was stated that the divorce rate of couples married on the show was lower than the national average .

neg: The Goodwin Games The Goodwin Games is an American sitcom series that aired as a midseason replacement on Fox from May 20 to July 1 , 2013 . It was created and written by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas ( creators of How I Met Your Mother ) alongside Chris Harris .

neg: List of former NBC television affiliates The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American broadcast television network that originated as a radio network in November 1926 , and expanded into television in April 1939 . Throughout its history , the network has had many owned-and-operated and affiliated stations .   This article is a table listing of former NBC stations , arranged alphabetically by state , and based on the station 's city of license as well as its Designated Market Area ; it is also accompanied by footnotes regarding the present network affiliation of the former NBC-affiliated station ( if the station remains operational ) and the current NBC affiliates in each of the listed markets , as well as any other notes including the reasons behind each station 's disaffiliation from the network . There are links to and articles on each of the stations , describing their histories , local programming and technical information , such as broadcast frequencies .   The station 's advertised channel number follows the call letters . In most cases , this is their virtual channel ( PSIP ) number , which may match the channel allocation that the station originally broadcast on during its prior affiliation with the network .

neg: Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven .   The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill .   Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .

neg: Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .

neg: Boy Meets World Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom that chronicles the coming-of-age events and everyday life-lessons of Cory Matthews ( portrayed by Ben Savage ) . The show follows Cory and his friends and family through seven seasons , from his middle school days as a pre-pubescent child to his life in college as a married man . The show aired from 1993 to 2000 on ABC , part of the network 's TGIF lineup . The entire series has since been released on DVD , as well as on iTunes . A sequel titled Girl Meets World , focusing on Cory and Topanga and their teen daughter Riley , ran on Disney Channel from June 27 , 2014 to January 20 , 2017 .

neg: What's Happening!! What 's Happening !! is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from August 5 , 1976 , to April 28 , 1979 . The show premiered as a summer series . With good ratings and reviews , and after the failure of several other shows on the network , What 's Happening !! returned in November 1976 as a weekly series . It remained a regular show until 1979 ; ratings were modest . What 's Happening !! was loosely based on the Eric Monte-penned film Cooley High . From 1985 to 1988 , a sequel series called What 's Happening Now !! aired in first-run syndication , with most of the major cast members reprising their roles .   What 's Happening !! was Bud Yorkin 's second series after he ended his partnership with Norman Lear in Tandem Productions . The show was produced by TOY Productions , which was formed by Yorkin , Saul Turtletaub , and Bernie Orenstein after the split .

neg: Craig (given name) Craig is an English-language masculine given name of an ultimately Celtic derivation . The name has two origins . In some cases it can originate from a nickname , derived from the Scottish Gaelic word creag , meaning `` rock , '' similar to Peter . In other cases , the given name originates from the Scottish surname Craig , which is also derived from the same Scottish Gaelic word . Cognate forms of creag include the Irish creig , Manx creg , and Welsh craig . The English word `` crag '' also shares an origin with these Celtic words . The given name Craig is popular in Scotland , and is used throughout the English speaking world , though in North America it is often pronounced with a short vowel sound , as in `` egg , '' while the British pronunciation sounds like the diphthong in `` brain . ''

neg: According to Jim According to Jim is an American sitcom television series starring Jim Belushi in the title role as a suburban father of three children ( five children starting with the season-seven finale ) . It originally ran on ABC from October 3 , 2001 to June 2 , 2009 .

neg: Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City .   Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death .   Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .

neg: List of The Middle characters The Middle is an American sitcom about a working-class family living in Indiana and facing the day-to-day struggles of home life , work , and raising children . The Middle premiered September 30 , 2009 , on the ABC network and is airing its eighth season as of 201617 . It features Everybody Loves Raymond star Patricia Heaton and Scrubs star Neil Flynn .   Below is a list of characters central to the series .

neg: Real People Real People is an NBC reality television series that aired Wednesdays at 8:00 -9:00 on NBC from 1979 to 1984 . Its initial episodes aired live in the Eastern and Central Time Zones .

neg: Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone .   Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .

neg: Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw .   Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood .   The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences .   Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list .   In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .

neg: In Case of Emergency (TV series) In Case of Emergency is an American half-hour sitcom television series shown on ABC in the United States . The series follows a group of high school acquaintances whose lives have not turned out as they hoped . It premiered on January 3 , 2007 , at 9:30 pm and ended on April 11 , 2007 . The pilot episode was directed by Jon Favreau and the cast included Jonathan Silverman , David Arquette , Lori Loughlin , Kelly Hu , and Greg Germann .   ABC gave early renewal notices to several of its series on March 21 , 2007 but In Case of Emergency was not one of them .   On April 12 , 2007 , ABC announced that the show had been officially cancelled , leaving one episode unaired , which has since been broadcast internationally .

neg: That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time .   The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .

neg: That's Life (1998 TV series) That 's Life is an American television sitcom that premiered March 10 , 1998 , on ABC . The series is about a blue-collar family living in Queens .


query: Priyanka Chopra is silent about gender equality.

pos: Priyanka Chopra Priyanka Chopra ( -LSB- prɪˈjaːŋkaː ˈtʃoːpɽaː -RSB- ; born 18 July 1982 ) is an Indian actress , singer , film producer , philanthropist , and the winner of the Miss World 2000 pageant . One of India 's highest-paid and most popular celebrities , Chopra has received numerous awards , including a National Film Award and five Filmfare Awards . In 2016 , the Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian award , and Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world . In 2017 , she has been honoured with Dadasaheb Phalke Award - India 's highest award in cinema , becoming the first actress to win in the category `` International Acclaimed Actress Award '' .   Although Chopra initially aspired to study aeronautical engineering , she accepted offers to join the Indian film industry , which came as a result of her pageant wins , making her Bollywood debut in The Hero ( 2003 ) . She played the leading lady in the box-office hits Andaaz ( 2003 ) and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi ( 2004 ) , and earned praise for her breakout role in the 2004 thriller Aitraaz . In 2006 , Chopra established herself as a leading actress of Indian cinema with starring roles in the top-grossing productions Krrish and Don .   Following a brief setback , she received critical acclaim for playing a troubled model in the drama Fashion ( 2008 ) , which won her the Filmfare and National Film Award for Best Actress . Chopra subsequently gained wider recognition for portraying a range of characters in the films Kaminey ( 2009 ) , 7 Khoon Maaf ( 2011 ) , Barfi ! ( 2012 ) , Mary Kom ( 2014 ) , Dil Dhadakne Do ( 2015 ) and Bajirao Mastani ( 2015 ) , all of which garnered her several awards and nominations . In 2015 , she began starring as Alex Parrish on the ABC thriller series Quantico , becoming the first South Asian to headline an American network series .   In addition to her acting career , Chopra is noted for her philanthropic work . She has worked with UNICEF for the last ten years and was appointed as the national and global UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for Child Rights in 2010 and 2016 respectively . She promotes various causes such as environment , health and education , and women 's rights and is particularly vocal about gender equality and feminism . Chopra 's off-screen life is the subject of substantial media coverage . As a recording artist , she has released three singles . She is also the founder of the production company Purple Pebble Pictures , which released the acclaimed Marathi comedy-drama Ventilator ( 2016 ) .

neg: Self Employed Women's Association Self-Employed Women 's Association ( SEWA ) , meaning `` service '' in several Indian languages , is a trade union based in Ahmedabad , India that promotes the rights of low-income , independently-employed female workers . With over 2 million participating women , SEWA is the largest organization of informal workers in the world and largest non-profit in India ( Chen et . al. 2015 ) . Self-employed women are defined as those who do not receive a salary like that of formally-employed workers and therefore have a more precarious income and life . SEWA is framed around the goal of full employment in which a women secures for her family : income , food , health care , child care , and shelter . The principles behind accomplishing these goals are struggle and development , meaning negotiating with stakeholders and providing services , respectively .   SEWA was founded in 1972 by Gandhian and civil rights leader Ela Bhatt as a branch of Textile Labour Association ( TLA ) , a labour union founded by Gandhi in 1918 . The organization grew very quickly , with 30,000 members in 1996 , to 318,527 in 2000 , to 1,919,676 in 2013 . Contemporaneous with this uptick in members is a change in India 's economy and society . Liberalizing the economy to foreign trade in 1991 caused a huge migration of rural inhabitants to Indian cities that then forced urban dwellers into informal occupations . Since the financial crisis of 2008 , over 90 % of India 's working population is in the informal sector ( Shakuntala 2015 ) ; yet 94 % of working women in 2009 worked in the informal sector ( Bhatt 2009 ) . India 's history and modern culture of female subjugation also contributes to this disparity because traditional gender roles exclude women from regular , secure forms of labour .

neg: Women's World Award Winners of the Women 's World Award , sponsored by the World Awards organization headed by former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev , intended for women who have influenced the world by their work in areas such as society or politics . The award has been given since 2004 . No monetary prize is attached ; the prize token has shape of a glass female silhouette . The corresponding prize for men , although no longer observed , was called ` Men 's World Day ' until it was terminated in 2006 . There is also a gender neutral event called ` Save The World awards ' which awards equal numbers of men and women .

neg: REAL Women of Canada REAL Women of Canada ( Vraies Femmes du Canada in French ) is a socially conservative advocacy group in Canada . The organization was founded in 1983 .   REAL stands for `` Realistic , Equal , Active , for Life '' . The group believes that the nuclear family is the most important unit in Canadian society , and that the fragmentation of the Canadian family is a primary cause of social disorder . It lobbies the Government of Canada in favour of legislation to promote what it believes to be the Judeo-Christian model of family life , and to support homemaking . It is also opposed to feminism , abortion and LGBT rights ( and same-sex marriage in Canada as well ) .   The group has intervened in Supreme Court of Canada cases such as R. v. Morgentaler ( 1993 ) and M. v. H. ( 1999 ) . In R. v. Sullivan ( 1991 ) it argued that a fetus is a person .   Its objectives are , according to its website :   To reaffirm that the family is society 's most important unit , since the nurturing of its members is best accomplished in the family setting .  To promote the equality , advancement and well being of women , recognizing them as interdependent members of society , whether in the family , workplace or community .  To promote , secure and defend legislation which upholds what it considers the Judeo-Christian understanding of marriage and family life .  To support government and social policies that make homemaking possible for women who , out of necessity , would otherwise have to take employment outside the home .  To support the right to life of all innocent individuals from conception to natural death .   Part of their economic policies to help meet their objectives are increased tax relief for single-income families , families with children , and individuals with children .   REAL Women is similar in political and social outlook to Phyllis Schlafly 's Eagle Forum and to Concerned Women for America in the United States .   The organization has also heavily criticized individuals who have spoken out against Uganda 's criminalization of homosexual relations . On August 7 , 2013 , the group issued a statement criticizing Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird for speaking out on LGBT human rights issues in both Uganda and Russia as part of Canada 's foreign policy .

neg: Progressive stack A progressive stack is a technique used to give marginalized groups greater chance to speak . The idea originated in New York City . It is sometimes an introduction to , or stepping stone to , consensus decision-making in which simple majorities have less power .   The progressive stack technique attempts to counter what its proponents believe is a flaw in traditional representative democracy , where the majority is heard while the minority or non-dominant groups are silenced or ignored . In practice , `` majority culture '' is interpreted by progressive stack practitioners to mean White people , men and young adults , while non-dominant groups include women , people who are lesbian , gay , bisexual , or transgender , people of color , and very young or older people .   The `` stack '' in the Occupy movement is the list of speakers who are commenting on proposals or asking questions in public meetings . Anyone can request to be added to the stack . In meetings that do n't use the progressive stack , people speak in the order they were added to the queue . In meetings that use the progressive stack , people from non-dominant groups are allowed to speak before people from dominant groups , by facilitators , or stack-keepers , urging speakers to `` step forward , or step back '' based on which racial , age , or gender group they belong to .   A. Barton Hinkle , a columnist for the Richmond Times-Dispatch , has expressed the opinion that `` lining up speakers by race and gender might not seem fair on an individual level , '' and suggests that proponents of the progressive stack care more about class struggle than individual concerns .   Among those opposed to the concept of `` progressive stack '' , conservative journalist and author Jim Goad commented satirically on the concept in these terms : `` The concept of intersectionality is also related to the `` progressive stack , '' which assumes that white males at all times bear noxious degrees of unearned power , which is why they have to get to the back of the line and let all the legless black lesbians speak first . ''

neg: The Women's Conference The Women 's Conference ( also known as the California Governor & First Lady 's Conference on Women ) is a nonprofit , nonpartisan US organization and annual forum for women . The event first began in 1986 as a California government initiative for working professionals and women business owners . Since 2004 , The Women 's Conference has become a large event at which people such as the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso , former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair , Oprah Winfrey , Barbara Walters , Jane Fonda , Martha Stewart , Tyra Banks , Sarah , Duchess of York , Tim Russert , Deepak Chopra , Tom Brokaw , Queen Rania of Jordan , Maureen Dowd , Sandra Day O'Connor , Thomas Friedman , Anna Quindlen , and Billie Jean King have spoken .   Restructured by Shriver in 2010 , The Women 's Conference reportedly became the `` largest meeting of women in the country '' and a celebration of `` lives and lessons '' . Now known as the California Women 's Conference , its main stage presentations and seminar sessions have addressed personal topics such as work-life balance , service and volunteerism , healthy lifestyles , spirituality and families , professional issues such as professional development , financial planning , entrepreneurialism and communications , as well as social issues like women 's maternal health , global poverty , climate change and emergency preparedness .   The event is staged at the Long Beach Convention Center in Long Beach , California , usually in the fall .   Every year , substantial portions of the event are made available free through a live streaming webcast at The Women 's Conference 's web site .

neg: Penis envy Penis envy ( Penisneid ) is a stage theorized by Sigmund Freud regarding female psychosexual development , in which young girls experience anxiety upon realization that they do not have a penis . Freud considered this realization a defining moment in a series of transitions toward a mature female sexuality and gender identity . In Freudian theory , the penis envy stage begins the transition from an attachment to the mother to competition with the mother for the attention , recognition and affection of the father . The parallel reaction of a boy 's realization that women do not have a penis is castration anxiety .   Freud 's theories regarding psychosexual development , and in particular the phallic stage , were criticized and refined by other psychoanalysts , such as Karen Horney , Otto Fenichel , Ernest Jones , Erik Erikson , Jean Piaget , Juliet Mitchell , and Clara Thompson .   Feminists argue that Freud 's developmental theory is heteronormative and denies women a mature sexuality independent of men ; they also criticize it for privileging the vagina over the clitoris as the center of women 's sexuality . They criticize the sociosexual theory for privileging heterosexual sexual activity and penile penetration in defining women 's `` mature state of sexuality '' . Counter-critics have responded that feminists misunderstand penis envy , which was not intended by Freud to refer literally to the envy of the male physical penis but to be understood as an abstract , evolving force in psychosexual development . Penis envy is theorized as a discrete event and reoccurring force in psychosexual development , not as `` envy of the penis , '' but is sometimes used inexactly in contemporary culture to refer to women who are presumed to wish they were men .

neg: Platform (1993 film) Platform is a 1993 Bollywood action film directed by Deepak Pawar and starring Ajay Devgan in the lead , with Tisca Chopra ( Credited as Priya Arora , her screen name before marriage ) , Prithvi , and Paresh Rawal .

neg: Nirbhaya Fund Nirbhaya Fund is an Indian rupee 10 billion corpus announced by Government of India in its 2013 Union Budget . According to the then Finance Minister P. Chidambaram , this fund is expected to support initiatives by the government and NGOs working towards protecting the dignity and ensuring safety of women in India . Nirbhaya ( fearless ) was the pseudonym given to the 2012 Delhi gang rape victim to hide her actual identity . The Ministry of Women and Child Development , along with several other concerned ministries , will work out details of the structure , scope and the application of this fund .

neg: Gender mainstreaming Gender mainstreaming is the public policy concept of assessing the different implications for women and men of any planned policy action , including legislation and programmes , in all areas and levels . Mainstreaming essentially offers a pluralistic approach that values the diversity among both men and women .   The concept of gender mainstreaming was first proposed at the 1985 Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi , Kenya . The idea has been pushed in the United Nations development community . The idea was formally featured in 1995 at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing , China , and was cited in the document that resulted from the conference , the Beijing Platform for Action .

neg: Gender budgeting Gender budgeting comprises activities and initiatives for preparing budgets or analysing policies and budgets from a gender perspective . It is also known as gender-sensitive budgeting or gender-responsive budgeting . It is important to note that gender budgeting is not about creating separate budgets for women , or solely increasing spending on women 's programmes , but rather is concerned with addressing budgetary gender inequality issues , such as how gender hierarchies influence budgets , and gender-based unpaid or low paid work .

neg: Priyanka Bose Priyanka Bose is an Indian film actress and model . Active on stage and in films , she is best known for her role in the award-winning Italian film Gangor among others . Priyanka started her film career with small roles in Love Sex aur Dhokha , Sorry Bhai ! , Johnny Gaddar and Guzaarish . Her first film in a lead role was Gangor by the Italian director , Italo Spinelli in 2010 . She gained recognition as an actress with her power-packed performance as a tribal woman in the film and went on to win the best actress award at the New Jersey Independent South Asian Film Festival .

neg: Gender norming ` Gender norming ' is the practice of judging female by less stringent standards than their male counterparts , particularly in the workforce . This serves as an affirmative action policy to increase the proportion of women in male-dominated professions . In the US military , fitness , in particular , is determined in relation to the average female officer rather than to the average male officer . This is done by accounting for genetic differences such as the lower average upper-body strength of women . The derivative term `` norm '' or `` normie '' refers to the average woman in a military corps .

neg: Maid in India Maid in India is an Indian Web Series created by Web Talkies . The story revolves around India 's most iconic Maid , Priyanka Bai who is a witty and progressive .

neg: Priya (actress) Priya ( Priyasri in Tamil ) is an Indian film actress in South Indian movies . She was a prominent lead actress during the 1980s and 1990s in Malayalam films . She had acted in few Tamil films as well . Now she is busy with Tamil TV films and soap operas .

neg: List of accolades received by Mary Kom (film) Mary Kom is a 2014 Indian biographical sports drama film directed by Omung Kumar and produced by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Viacom 18 Motion Pictures . The film features Priyanka Chopra in the lead role as the boxer Mary Kom , with Darshan Kumar and Sunil Thapa in supporting roles as her husband and mentor , Onler Kom and M. Narjit Singh respectively . The film was written by Saiwyn Quadras , with the cinematography provided by Keiko Nakahara while Bhansali co-edited the film with Rajesh G. Pandey . The film follows Kom 's journey of becoming a boxer to her victory at the 2008 World Boxing Championships in Ningbo , China .   Before its theatrical release on 5 September 2014 , the film premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival , where it became the first Hindi film to be screened on the opening night of the film festival . The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success . It grossed at the box-office against a budget of . Mary Kom has received various awards and nominations , with praise for its direction , Chopra 's performance , screenplay , editing , background score , and costume design . As of August 2015 , the film has won 20 awards .   At the 62nd National Film Awards , the film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . It was nominated for Best Film , and Best Actress for Chopra at the 60th Filmfare Awards . Mary Kom received ten nominations at the 2014 Star Guild Awards , including Best Film and Best Director , winning five awards : Best Actress in a Leading Role for Chopra , Best Debut Director for Kumar , Best Costume Design , Dialogue of the Year , and the Guild Presidents Award for Best Film . The film garnered eight nominations at the 21st Screen Awards , winning Best Actress for Chopra .

neg: Simone de Beauvoir Prize The Simone de Beauvoir Prize ( Prix Simone de Beauvoir pour la liberté des femmes ) is an international human rights prize for women 's freedom , awarded since 2008 to individuals or groups fighting for gender equality and opposing breaches of human rights . It is named after the French author and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir , known for her 1949 women 's rights treatise The Second Sex .   The prize was founded by Julia Kristeva on January 9 , 2008 , the 100th anniversary of de Beauvoir 's birth . It amounts to $ 20,000 and is funded by Éditions Gallimard and Culturesfrance .  Julia Kristeva , philosopher , is the head of the Simone de Beauvoir prize committee .   According to the organizers :  The prize is awarded every year to a remarkable personality whose courage and thoughts are examples for everybody , in the spirit of Simone de Beauvoir who wrote : `` The ultimate end , for which human beings should aim , is liberty , the only capable -LSB- thing -RSB- , to establish every end on . ''

neg: Female infanticide Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children . In countries with a history of female infanticide , the modern practice of sex-selective abortion is often discussed as a closely related issue . Female infanticide is a major cause of concern in several nations such as China and India . It has been argued that the `` low status '' in which women are viewed in patriarchal societies creates a bias against females .   In 1978 , anthropologist Laila Williamson , in a summary of data she had collated on how widespread infanticide was among both tribal and developed , or `` civilized '' nations , found that infanticide had occurred on every continent and was carried out by groups ranging from hunter gatherers to highly developed societies and that rather than this practice being an exception , it has been commonplace . The practice has been well documented among the indigenous peoples of Australia , Northern Alaska and South Asia , and Barbara Miller argues the practice to be `` almost universal '' , even in the West . Miller contends that in regions where women are not employed in agriculture and regions in which dowries are the norm then female infanticide is commonplace , and in 1871 in The Descent of Man , and Selection in Relation to Sex , Charles Darwin wrote that the practice was commonplace among the aboriginal tribes of Australia .   In 1990 , Amartya Sen writing in the New York Review of Books estimated that there were 100 million fewer women in Asia than would be expected , and that this amount of `` missing '' women `` tell -LSB- s -RSB- us , quietly , a terrible story of inequality and neglect leading to the excess mortality of women . '' Initially Sen 's suggestion of gender bias was contested and it was suggested that hepatitis B was the cause of the alteration in the natural sex ratio . However it is now widely accepted that the numerical worldwide deficit in women , is due to gender specific abortions , infanticide and neglect .   In seventh-century Arabia , before Islamic culture became established , female infanticide was widely practiced . This is attributed by scholars to the fact that women were deemed `` property '' within those societies . Others have speculated that to prevent their daughters from a life of misery , the mothers would kill the child . With the arrival of Islamic rule the practice was made illegal .

neg: PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions .   The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) .   PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .

neg: Miss World 2001 Miss World 2001 , the 51st edition of the Miss World pageant , was held on 16 November 2001 at the Super Bowl of Sun City Entertainment Centre in Sun City , South Africa . 93 contestants from all over the world competed for the title . Priyanka Chopra of India crowned her successor Agbani Darego of Nigeria at the end of the event . This is the first time Nigeria won the title of Miss World .   The Miss World 2001 contest was expecting 107 delegates from around the planet to compete in the 51st version of the pageant ; however September 11 attacks , added to economic and other matters , were responsible for several delegates not showing up .

neg: List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies .   Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan .   In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor .   Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .