query: Einstein applied for Swiss citizenship.

pos: Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( -LSB- ˈaɪnstaɪn -RSB- -LSB- ˈalbɛɐ̯t ˈaɪnʃtaɪn -RSB- ; 14 March 1879 -- 18 April 1955 ) was a German-born theoretical physicist . He developed the theory of relativity , one of the two pillars of modern physics ( alongside quantum mechanics ) . Einstein 's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science . Einstein is best known by the general public for his mass -- energy equivalence formula ( which has been dubbed `` the world 's most famous equation '' ) . He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics `` for his services to theoretical physics , and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect '' , a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory .   Near the beginning of his career , Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field . This led him to develop his special theory of relativity during his time at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern ( 1902 -- 1909 ) , Switzerland . He realized , however , that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields , and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916 , he published a paper on general relativity . He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory , which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules . He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light . In 1917 , Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the large-scale structure of the universe .   Between 1895 and 1914 he lived in Switzerland ( except for one year in Prague , 1911 -- 12 ) , where he received his academic diploma from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zürich ( later the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule , ETH ) in 1900 . He later taught there at the same institute as a professor of theoretical physics between 1912 and 1914 before he left for Berlin . In 1901 , after being stateless for more than five years , Einstein acquired Swiss citizenship , which he kept for the rest of his life . In 1905 , Einstein was awarded a PhD by the University of Zürich . The same year , his annus mirabilis ( miracle year ) , he published four groundbreaking papers , which were to bring him to the notice of the academic world , at the age of 26 .   He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and , being Jewish , did not go back to Germany , where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences . He settled in the United States , becoming an American citizen in 1940 . On the eve of World War II , he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of `` extremely powerful bombs of a new type '' and recommending that the U.S. begin similar research . This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project . Einstein supported defending the Allied forces , but generally denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon . Later , with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell , Einstein signed the Russell -- Einstein Manifesto , which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons . Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton , New Jersey , until his death in 1955 .   Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works . Einstein 's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word `` Einstein '' synonymous with `` genius '' .

neg: Einstein notation In mathematics , especially in applications of linear algebra to physics , the Einstein notation or Einstein summation convention is a notational convention that implies summation over a set of indexed terms in a formula , thus achieving notational brevity . As part of mathematics it is a notational subset of Ricci calculus ; however , it is often used in applications in physics that do not distinguish between tangent and cotangent spaces . It was introduced to physics by Albert Einstein in 1916 .

neg: Urs Hölzle Urs Hölzle ( -LSB- ˈʊrs ˈhœltslɛ -RSB- ) is a Swiss software engineer and technology executive . He is the senior vice president of technical infrastructure and Google Fellow at Google . As Google 's eighth employee and its first VP of Engineering , he has shaped much of Google 's development processes and infrastructure .

neg: Paolo Budinich Paolo Budinich ( 28 August 1916 -- 14 November 2013 ) was a theoretical physicist . Born from a sailors ' descent from Lussingrande , grew up and studied in Trieste , where the family resided , because the father Antonio Budini taught in the local High School , the same where Paolo Budinich got his grade in 1934 . He later started his study course at Università degli Studi di Pisa graduating at the Scuola Normale Superiore in 1938 .   In the same year he started to teach physics on the Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci , belonging to Italian Naval Academy of Leghorn .   During Second World War he served as Leutnant on the Navy submarines and observator on the Navy planes ; in 1941 Budinich was caught prisoner by the Royal Navy and became a prisoner of war , thus being transferred to England and in the United States .   Back to Physics , in 1952 he worked with Werner Heisenberg in Göttingen and in 1954 with Wolfgang Pauli in Zürich .   He was one of the first promoters of Trieste as a science resort at international level . In 1964 he founded in Trieste , together with Abdus Salam , the International Centre for Theoretical Physics ( ICTP ) . In the same year he promoted the Advanced School of Physics , that in 1978 was upgraded to the School for Higher Studies SISSA , which was the first Italian higher education institution providing PhD ( besides Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa ) and became its first director .   In his autobiography L'arcipelago delle meraviglie , published in 2000 , Budinich pleads for a reunification between science and philosophy and suggests a superior capability of mathematics to disclose unknown scientific discovery paths . His main work , The Spinorial Chessboard , written together with the polish mathematical physicist Andrzej Trautman , refers to Elie Cartan 's conceptual foundation of spinor geometry and explores its applications to modern physics .

neg: Arthur Fonjallaz Arthur Fonjallaz ( 2 January 1875 -- 24 January 1944 ) was a Swiss military figure , publisher and fascist .   The son of a vineyard owner from Lausanne ( he was born in nearby Prilly ) he attended the Military Academy of Modena and pursued a successful career in the Swiss Army , achieving the highest peace time rank of brigadier general whilst commanding the 4th Infantry Brigade .   Fonjallaz took an early interest in politics , although his ideas were ill-defined as he was both a radical and an admirer of Enrico Corradini , whilst also becoming involved in an agrarian progentior of the Swiss People 's Party . Leaving the party in 1932 , he took up a post as principal of military sciences and war history at the École Polytechnique Féderal in Zürich Colonel Fonjallaz was , however , relieved of his duties in 1933 after it came to light that he had been a member of the governing board of the fascistic Heimatwehr as well as the National Front , both of which were noted for their virulent anti-Semitism .   The wealthy Fonjallaz then set up Helvetic Action Against Secret Societies which was particularly geared towards opposing Freemasonry . Taking advantage of the initiative process , Fonjallaz attempted to pass an amendment to the Swiss Federal Constitution banning the practice , but this was defeated in 1937 .   In 1932 , he had also led a group of his supporters to Italy for a meeting with Benito Mussolini and became a strong supporter of Italian fascism as a result . He soon founded the Swiss Fascist Federation , which received 2 million lira a year from Mussolini . A devoted follower of Mussolini , he spoke of the power of the rhetoric of Il Duce in glowing terms .   As Mussolini began to speak presenting the goals of fascism , we Swiss understood immediately the significance of this man and responded to the radiant power of his personality . We were all directly convinced that such a leader could do more for world peace than hundreds of politicians .   A supporter of a possible Italian annexation of the country , Fonjallaz was expelled from the Heimatwehr for this position , but continued to be a devotee of Mussolini , publishing a biography of his hero , Enérgie et Volonté ( Drive and Will ) , in 1937 . Despite this , Italian funding ended in 1936 and Fonjallaz disappeared from public life .   Colonel Fonjallaz returned to the public eye in January 1940 when border guards arrested him in Schaffhausen as he was attempting to enter Nazi Germany . In a subsequent trial , Fonjallaz was found guilty of being a spy for Adolf Hitler , spending over two years in prison as a result . Released in 1943 , he died the following year .

neg: Friedrich-Karl Thielemann Friedrich-Karl `` Friedel `` Thielemann ( born April 17 , 1951 in Mülheim an der Ruhr ) is a German-Swiss theoretical astrophysicist .   Thielemann studied at the TH Darmstadt , where he in 1976 he acquired his Diplom . In 1980 he earned his PhD under Wolfgang Hillebrandt ( in Garching ) and E. R. Hilf in nuclear astrophysics . As a post-doc he was with David Schramm and William David Arnett at the University of Chicago , William A. Fowler at Caltech , Hans Klapdor at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , am Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik in Garching ( with Hillebrandt ) and at the University of Illinois ( with J. W. Truran ) . Starting in 1986 he was Assistant Professor and from 1991 Associate Professor at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and at the Harvard Observatory of Harvard University . In 1994 he became a professor at the University of Basel . In 1995 he was a guest professor at the University of Turin and from 1997 to 2001 a guest scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory .   Besides theoretical and computer-simulated astrophysics and nuclear astrophysics ( including important nuclear reactions and properties of unstable stellar cores , equations of state of quark-matter and core matter of higher density ) , he worked on the modeling of astrophysical plasmas for important subatomic processes . He investigated , among other things , supernovae , X-ray bursts , gamma ray bursts , fusion of neutron stars , emergence of heavy elements , and evolution of chemical elements in galaxies .   In 1979 he received the Otto Hahn Medal . Since 1998 he is a fellow of the American Physical Society . In 2008 he received the Hans Bethe Prize `` for his many outstanding theoretical contributions to the understanding of nucleosynthesis , stellar evolution and stellar explosions . '' Since 2004 he is a member of the Swiss Research Council .

neg: Leo Szilard Leo Szilard ( -LSB- ˈsɪlɑːrd -RSB- Szilárd Leó -LSB- ˈsila : rd ˈlɛo : -RSB- ; Leo Spitz until age 2 ; February 11 , 1898 -- May 30 , 1964 ) was a Hungarian-born physicist and inventor . He conceived the nuclear chain reaction in 1933 , patented the idea of a nuclear reactor with Enrico Fermi , and in late 1939 wrote the letter for Albert Einstein 's signature that resulted in the Manhattan Project that built the atomic bomb .   Szilard initially attended Palatine Joseph Technical University in Budapest , but his engineering studies were interrupted by service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I . He left Hungary for Germany in 1919 , enrolling at Technische Hochschule ( Institute of Technology ) in Berlin-Charlottenburg , but became bored with engineering and transferred to Friedrich Wilhelm University , where he studied physics . He wrote his doctoral thesis on Maxwell 's demon , a long-standing puzzle in the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics . Szilard was the first to recognize the connection between thermodynamics and Information theory .   In addition to the nuclear reactor , Szilard submitted patent applications for a linear accelerator in 1928 , and a cyclotron in 1929 . He also conceived the idea of an electron microscope . Between 1926 and 1930 , he worked with Einstein on the development of the Einstein refrigerator . After Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933 , Szilard urged his family and friends to flee Europe while they still could . He moved to England , where he helped found the Academic Assistance Council , an organization dedicated to helping refugee scholars find new jobs . While in England he discovered a means of isotope separation known as the Szilard -- Chalmers effect .   Foreseeing another war in Europe , Szilard moved to the United States in 1938 , where he worked with Enrico Fermi and Walter Zinn on means of creating a nuclear chain reaction . He was present when this was achieved on December 2 , 1942 . He worked for the Manhattan Project 's Metallurgical Laboratory on aspects of nuclear reactor design . He drafted the Szilard petition advocating a demonstration of the atomic bomb , but the Interim Committee chose to use them against cities without warning .   After the war , Szilard switched to biology . He invented the chemostat , discovered feedback inhibition , and was involved in the first cloning of a human cell . He publicly sounded the alarm against the possible development of salted thermonuclear bombs , a new kind of nuclear weapon that might annihilate mankind . Diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1960 , he underwent treatment using a cobalt-60 treatment that he had designed . He helped found the Salk Institute for Biological Studies , where he became a resident fellow . Szilard founded Council for a Livable World in 1962 to deliver `` the sweet voice of reason '' about nuclear weapons to Congress , the White House , and the American public . He died in his sleep of a heart attack in 1964 .

neg: Einstein refrigerator The Einstein -- Szilard or Einstein refrigerator is an absorption refrigerator which has no moving parts , operates at constant pressure , and requires only a heat source to operate . It was jointly invented in 1926 by Albert Einstein and his former student Leó Szilárd , who patented it in the U.S. on November 11 , 1930 .  This is an alternative design from the original invention of 1922 by the Swedish inventors Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters .

neg: Kahler-Kreis Kahler-Kreis ( Kahler Circle ) refers to the circle , lasting from 1939 to the early 1970s , of intellectual friends of Erich Kahler and his second wife , Alice ( Lili or Lilly ) Loewy Kahler.This group , named the `` Kahler-Kreis '' by Charles Greenleaf Bell , had its physical center at the Kahlers ' house , One Evelyn Place in Princeton , New Jersey . Erich Kahler , a scholar , author , and lecturer , arrived in Princeton in 1939 as a financially destitute Jewish refugee from the Nazi regime . One Evelyn Place welcomed Jewish intellectual refugees from Europe and was filled with visitors , boarders , and cultural conversation . The Einstein family , the Thomas Mann family , and Hermann Broch were close friends of the Kahlers . The Kahler circle of friends also included Erwin Panofsky , Hetty Goldman , Ernst Kantorowicz , Kurt Gödel , and the painter Ben Shahn .

neg: Einstein on the Lake Einstein on the Lake is a novel by German physicist Ulrich Woelk .

neg: Einstein's Blackboard Einstein 's Blackboard is a blackboard which physicist Albert Einstein ( 1879 -- 1955 ) used on 16 May 1931 during his lectures while visiting the University of Oxford in England .  The blackboard is one of the most iconic objects in the collection of the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford .

neg: Alfred Mirsky Alfred Ezra Mirsky ( October 17 , 1900 -- June 19 , 1974 ) was an American pioneer in molecular biology .   Mirsky graduated from Harvard College in 1922 , after which he studied for two years at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons until 1924 when he moved to the University of Cambridge on a US National Research Council fellowship for the academic year 1924 -- 1925 . He received his PhD from Cambridge in 1926 , with a dissertation under Lawrence J. Henderson on the Haemoglobin molecule , completing work begun under Joseph Barcroft .   On May 25 , 1926 Mirsky married Reba Paeff , who went on to become a renowned children 's author ; they had a daughter , Reba Goodman and a son , Jonathan Mirsky .   In 1927 Mirsky was appointed Lab Assistant to Alfred E. Cohn at the then Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research , beginning his association with Rockefeller University . During a sabbatical year at the California Institute of Technology , Mirsky published a paper with Linus Pauling on the general theory of protein structure , suggesting that the structure of proteins are coiled in a specific configuration that accounts for the function in the body , and that the protein is denatured when that configuration is lost by breaking the hydrogen bonds that stabilize the structure .   One of Mirsky 's more notorious contributions while at the Rockefeller Institute was his attempt to discredit Oswald Avery . Avery had correctly shown that DNA was likely the agent of heredity . However , Mirsky went to great lengths to block Avery 's discovery because of doubts that DNA was the sole genetic material . It is said he even urged the Karolinska Institute in Sweden not to award Avery the Nobel Prize . Eventually Mirsky 's efforts were successful . Avery did not win the prize , despite as Erwin Chargaff claims , Avery 's work was worth two Nobel Prizes .   Mirsky became an official Member of the Rockefeller Institute in 1948 , and in 1950 was internationally congratulated for the `` grand discovery '' of DNA constancy , which proved the concept of DNA as the hereditary material . He served as an editor of The Journal of General Physiology in 1951 -- 1961 .   Mirsky was made Professor in 1954 when the Institute became Rockefeller University . He was also elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in the same year . Mirsky was highly involved in university affairs , and in 1959 he initiated a series of lectures for high school students , now named the Alfred E. Mirsky Holiday Lecture on Science in his honour .   In 1962 Mirsky chose a new lab assistant from a pool of candidates , in choosing a woman , Ellie Donoghue , he set a precedent by making her the first female lab assistant in the Institute 's history , the very same position which he first held upon his initial association with Rockefeller Institute . Mirsky proceeded to entrust Ms. Donoghue with assistance in his research and the running of his laboratory , setting an early precedent for the advancement of women in the labs at Rockefeller University .   Following retirement from his laboratory in an official capacity in 1964 , he served as librarian of the Rockefeller University from 1965 until 1972 , all the while being allowed to maintain his laboratory at the university for his personal research . He continued to make groundbreaking contributions to the study of cell nuclei in rodents and bovines in direct parallels to the structure of cell nuclei in humans .   After his wife , Reba Paeff Mirsky , died in 1966 he donated her valuable jewelry collection , save for a few pieces distributed to family and close friends , to the university 's collection . This collection of jewelry , acquired during their many trips around the world , is a part of the university 's holdings to this day . He went on to marry fellow Rockefeller employee Sonia Wohl in 1967 . Mirsky became professor emeritus in 1971 , after forty-four years at the Rockefeller Institute and University .   Mirsky traveled widely and was quite knowledgeable in archaeology and art history ; his priceless collection of art and historical objects was willed to the Rockefeller University upon his death in 1974 and remains in their permanent collection .

neg: Swiss Film Award The Swiss Film Award ( formerly Swiss Film Prize ) ( Prix du cinéma suisse , Schweizer Filmpreis , Premio del cinema svizzero , Premi dal film svizzer ) is the national film award of Switzerland , first given out in 1998 .   1998 to 2008 : the Prize was given in during the Solothurn Film Festival .  2009 : the nomination night happened in Solothurn during January . Each film nominated received a cash-prize . During the beginning of March , a `` glamour '' ceremony , the first one of its kind , was organised in Lucerne . The prize awarded is a Cristal-like statue , called `` The Quartz '' . 2009 was the last year where the Jury was composed of people from the Swiss state and the Federal Office of Culture .  2010 : Nomination in Solothurn again , during the Solothurn Film Festival during January . Ceremony in Lucerne in March . The prizes have been awarded for the first time by the Swiss Film Academy , created in 2008 . It was the first time that no state intervention occurred .

neg: Russell–Einstein Manifesto The Russell -- Einstein Manifesto was issued in London on 9 July 1955 by Bertrand Russell in the midst of the Cold War . It highlighted the dangers posed by nuclear weapons and called for world leaders to seek peaceful resolutions to international conflict . The signatories included eleven pre-eminent intellectuals and scientists , including Albert Einstein , who signed it just days before his death on 18 April 1955 . A few days after the release , philanthropist Cyrus S. Eaton offered to sponsor a conference -- called for in the manifesto -- in Pugwash , Nova Scotia , Eaton 's birthplace . This conference was to be the first of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs , held in July 1957 .

neg: Johann III Bernoulli Johann III Bernoulli ( also known as Jean ; 4 November 1744 , Basel -- 13 July 1807 , Berlin ) , grandson of Johann Bernoulli , and son of Johann II Bernoulli . He was known around the world as a child prodigy . He studied at Basel and at Neuchâtel , and when thirteen years of age took the degree of doctor in philosophy . When he was fourteen , he got the degree of master of jurisprudence . At nineteen he was appointed astronomer royal of Berlin . A year later , he reorganized the astronomical observatory at the Berlin Academy . Some years after , he visited Germany , France and England , and subsequently Italy , Russia and Poland . His travel accounts were of great cultural and historical importance ( 1772 -- 1776 ; 1777 -- 1779 ; 1781 ) . He wrote about Kashubians .   On his return to Berlin he was appointed director of the mathematical department of the academy . His writings consist of travels and astronomical , geographical and mathematical works . In 1774 he published a French translation of Leonhard Euler 's Elements of Algebra . He contributed several papers to the Academy of Berlin , and in 1774 he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences .   He was entrusted with the administration of Bernoulli family 's mathematical estate . The bulk of the correspondence was sold to the Swedish Academy where it was overlooked until rediscovered by Hugo Gyldén at the Stockholm Observatory in 1877 . He is one of the last notable members of the Bernoulli family .

neg: Romansh people The Romansh people ( also spelled Romansch , Rumantsch , or Romanche ; Romansh : , rumàntsch , or ) are a people and ethnic group of Switzerland , native speakers of the Romansh language . They are usually multilingual , also speaking German ( both the standard variety and the local Swiss German ) and sometimes Italian , which are the other official languages of Graubünden , the canton where they are concentrated .   They make up about 1 % of Switzerland 's population and 15 % of Graubünden 's .   The Romansh people began advocating for an end to German dominion over them starting with World War I . In 1937 the Swiss government recognized the Romansh language for the first time as one of Switzerland 's four national languages , though only for use within the canton , not at the federal level .   The Romansh people appeared to be mostly satisfied with this status until the 1980s when debate arose over Switzerland 's relationship with the greater European continent and the concept of the European Union began to form . The Romansh people advocated heavily for Switzerland 's membership in the Union , but the referendum to join it was narrowly defeated in 1992 by the German majority and Switzerland remained a nation apart with the Romansh people a nation apart within it though with ever-increasing sovereignty and recognition at the federal level to the point that Romansh is now considered one of the official federal languages of the Swiss Confederation .   The Romansh national leadership in Switzerland expressly stated its interest in Switzerland joining the European Union in terms of a pro-European stance and not an anti-Swiss-Confederation one , openly recognizing that the Confederation , though dominated by the German Swiss and with large Swiss French and Swiss Italian contingents , had sheltered the tiny Romansh minority population for nearly 200 years , never engaging in programs to erase their identity or language nor forcing them to relocate to accommodate any other ethnic group as had been the norm with a variety of other ethnic minorities throughout Europe . Though there have been some stumbling blocks , the history of the relationship between the Romansh people and the other ethnic peoples of Switzerland appears to have been and continues to be an unusually polite and respectful one .

neg: Swiss cheese (mathematics) In mathematics , a Swiss cheese is a compact subset of the complex plane obtained by removing from a closed disc some countable union of open discs . More generally , a Swiss cheese may be all or part of Euclidean space Rn -- or of an even more complicated manifold -- with `` holes '' in it .

neg: Solvay Institute of Sociology The Solvay Institute of Sociology -LSB- SIS ; Institut de Sociologie Solvay -RSB- assumed its first `` definitive form '' ( Solvay 1902/1906 : 26 ) on November 16 , 1902 , when its founder Ernest Solvay , a wealthy Belgian chemist , industrialist , and philanthropist , inaugurated the original edifice of SIS in Parc Léopold ( BS 2006 ) . Under the guidance of its first director , Emile Waxweiler , SIS expressed a `` conception of a sociology open to all of the disciplines of the human sciences : ethnology , of course , but also economics -LSB- ... -RSB- and psycho-physiology , contact with which was facilitated by the proximity of the Institute of Physiology '' ( Vatin 1996 : 486 ) . While SIS is now part of the Université Libre de Bruxelles and known more simply as that university 's Institute of Sociology -LSB- Institut de Sociologie -RSB- , the approach instigated by Solvay and Waxweiler still serves as methodological framework : a synergy between basic and applied research involving interdisciplinary studies firmly anchored in social life ( IS 2007 ) .

neg: Switzerland (disambiguation) Switzerland is a country in Europe .   Switzerland may also refer to :  Bohemian Switzerland , a region in the north-western Czech Republic  Franconian Switzerland , an upland in Upper Franconia , northern Bavaria  Holstein Switzerland , a hilly area in Schleswig-Holstein , Germany  Norman Switzerland , a hilly area in Normandy , France  Saxon Switzerland , a mountainous area and national park near Dresden in Saxony , Germany  Switzerland , Florida , an unincorporated community in the United States  Switzerland , South Carolina , in the United States  Switzerland County , Indiana , a county in southeastern Indiana in the United States  Switzerland Township , Monroe County , Ohio , a civil township in southeastern Ohio in the United States  Switzerland ( album ) , a 2006 album by Electric Six  Little Switzerland ( landscape ) , an aesthetic term for land  Switzerland ( software ) , a packet monitor tool for ISP testing

neg: List of Heidelberg University people Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of academic disciplines , and a large number of internationally acclaimed philosophers , poets , jurisprudents , theologians , natural and social scientists . 56 Nobel Laureates , at least 18 Leibniz Laureates , and two `` Oscar '' winners have been associated with Heidelberg University . Nine Nobel Laureates received the award during their tenure at Heidelberg .   Besides several Federal Ministers of Germany and Prime Ministers of German States , five Chancellors of Germany have attended the university , the latest being Helmut Kohl , the `` Chancellor of the Reunification '' . Heads of State or Government of Belgium , Bulgaria , Greece , Nicaragua , Serbia , Thailand , a British Crown Prince , a Secretary General of NATO and a director of the International Peace Bureau have also been educated at Heidelberg ; among them Nobel Peace Laureates Charles Albert Gobat and Auguste Beernaert . Former university affiliates in the field of religion include Pope Pius II , Cardinals , Bishops , and with Philipp Melanchthon and Zacharias Ursinus two key leaders of Protestant Reformation . Outstanding university affiliates in the legal profession include a President of the International Court of Justice , two Presidents of the European Court of Human Rights , a President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , a Vice President of the International Criminal Court , an Advocate General at the European Court of Justice , at least 16 Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany , a President of the Federal Court of Justice , a President of the Federal Court of Finance , a President of the Federal Labor Court , two Attorney Generals of Germany , and a British Law Lord . In business , Heidelberg alumni and faculty notably founded , co-founded or presided over ABB Group ; Astor corporate enterprises ; BASF ; BDA ; Daimler AG ; Deutsche Bank ; EADS ; Krupp AG ; Siemens AG ; and Thyssen AG .   Alumni in the field of arts include classical composer Robert Schumann , philosophers Ludwig Feuerbach and Edmund Montgomery , poet Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff and writers Christian Friedrich Hebbel , Gottfried Keller , Irene Frisch , Heinrich Hoffmann , Sir Muhammad Iqbal , José Rizal , W. Somerset Maugham , Jean Paul , and Literature Nobel Laureate Carl Spitteler . Amongst Heidelberg alumni in other disciplines are the `` Father of Psychology '' Wilhelm Wundt , the `` Father of Physical Chemistry '' J. Willard Gibbs , the `` Father of American Anthropology '' Franz Boas , Dmitri Mendeleev , who created the periodic table of elements , inventor of the two-wheeler principle Karl Drais , Alfred Wegener , who discovered the continental drift , as well as political theorist Hannah Arendt , political scientist Carl Joachim Friedrich , and sociologists Karl Mannheim , Robert E. Park and Talcott Parsons .   Philosophers Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Karl Jaspers , Hans-Georg Gadamer , and Jürgen Habermas served as university professors , as did also the pioneering scientists Hermann von Helmholtz , Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , Gustav Robert Kirchhoff , Emil Kraepelin , the founder of scientific psychiatry , and outstanding social scientists such as Max Weber , the founding father of modern sociology .   Present faculty include Medicine Nobel Laureates Bert Sakmann ( 1991 ) and Harald zur Hausen ( 2008 ) , Chemistry Nobel Laureate Stefan Hell ( 2014 ) , 7 Leibniz Laureates , former Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany Paul Kirchhof , and Rüdiger Wolfrum , the former President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea .   __ TOC __

neg: Heidelberg Appeal The Heidelberg Appeal , authored by Michel Salomon and signed by a large number of scientists , is a statement decrying `` an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress , and impedes economic and social development . '' Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 , the Appeal stated that its signers :   `` share the objectives of the ` Earth Summit ' '' but advised `` the authorities in charge of our planet 's destiny against decisions which are supported by pseudo-scientific arguments or false and non-relevant data . ... The greatest evils which stalk our Earth are ignorance and oppression , and not Science , Technology and Industry . ''   It was carefully worded to be directed generally at underfunded and poorly conducted science , rather than specifically at climate change . This allowed it to be promoted and exploited by a number of different industries by using this in the context of their own pollution defenses . In fact , the Appeal was created and promoted by a group of industry associations with polluting problems ( including chemical , energy , and mining concerns ) : the tobacco industry was involved , but in this case it was not the primary driving force . At that time the tobacco industry was focussed on trying to change the scientific standards for Good Epidemiology Practice ( GEP )   A version of the Heidelberg Appeal was published in the June 1 , 1992 , Wall Street Journal over the signatures of 46 prominent scientists and other intellectuals . It has subsequently been endorsed by some 4,000 scientists , including 72 Nobel Prize winners . The Appeal was for an anthropocentric assessment of the world 's resources and a utilitarian as opposed to abolitionist approach to hazardous substances used or created by technology . It targeted as irrational , by implication , if not explicitly , both a vision of a `` Natural State '' with intrinsic rights to impede the activities of man , and hysterical fears of environmental poisons , disproportionate to the threat and dismissive of their associated benefits .   The Heidelberg Appeal has been enthusiastically embraced by critics of the environmental movement such as S. Fred Singer of the Science and Environmental Policy Project . Conservative think tanks frequently cite the Heidelberg Appeal as proof that scientists reject the theory of global warming as well as a host of other environmental health risks associated with modern science and industry . Its name has subsequently been adopted by the Heidelberg Appeal Nederland Foundation , which was founded in 1993 and disputes health risks related to nitrates in foods and antibiotic-resistant bacteria . The Heidelberg Appeal was promoted in 1993 by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology , a group set up by Michael Salomon `` that was considered important in Philip Morris ' plans to create a group in Europe similar to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition ( TASSC ) '' .   Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal endorse environmental concerns , such as a sentence that states , `` We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of , monitored and preserved . '' Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the `` World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity '' , which was circulated that same year by the Union of Concerned Scientists ( UCS ) and attracted the majority of the world 's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists . In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal , the `` World Scientists ' Warning '' is a very explicit environmental manifesto , stating that `` human beings and the natural world are on a collision course '' and citing ozone depletion , global climate change , air pollution , groundwater depletion , deforestation , overfishing , and species extinction among the trends that threaten to `` so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know . ''   Moreover the Heidelberg Appeal has been , if not specifically misrepresented , at least broadly interpreted out of context , for example , by The National Center for Public Policy which asserts `` The appeal warns industrialized nations that no compelling scientific consensus exists to justify mandatory greenhouse gas emissions cuts . '' Although the Heidelberg Appeal may be open to such an interpretation , it is not what the document said , as the text below shows .   1994 Jun 16 Matt Winokur then sends to a list of PM organisers a note saying :   APCo ( the old spelling of APCO Worldwide ) is completing its evaluation of a Symposium for Europe in the fall . They have forwarded the draft Guiding Scientific Principles ( or GEP ) which would constitute the outcome of such a meeting .   They are on the right track but the language is too vague . ( Tom ) Borelli and ( Richard ) Carchman will review and tighten . Obviously , any output from the symposium must be supportive of GEP . So the bottom line for both the GEP resolution and GEP Symposium must be in synch . Burson ( Marsteller ) has begun its feasibility review based on a more explicit understanding that GEP is what we are interested in promoting .   I gather from Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- that there may have been a misunderstanding as to whether or not Burson was to have proceeded with the review prior to the presentation of a `` joint '' proposal -LSB- APCO and B-M -RSB- . I was aware that Burson began and take responsibility for allowing them to proceed . If you do n't want to pay for it then I will . But the intelligence obtained from their interviews with potential coalition sponsors as well as information about analogous efforts by existing groups , e.g. , Heidelberg , will be critical to the development of a comprehensive Burson/APCo proposal .  -LSB- Note : after a territory battle , Philip Morris had suggested that rivals APCO and B-M present this as a joint proposal -RSB-   The Burson research is necessary now in order to tell us whether it is possible or efficient to try to develop an enduring -LSB- ` Sound Science ' -RSB- coalition following on from the symposium . Possible , in that there may prove to be an insufficient amount of interest in the corporate sector for such a movement . Efficient , in that there may already exist analogous groups which we could use without going to the effort of starting one from scratch .   And we need to be careful not to step on unseen toes . For example , Bruce Ames is part of TASSC and Heidelberg . Do we need/want him on a third group in Europe ?   Thus the benefit in having Burson complete the study now , is that what they learn will be factored into both the content of the symposium AND inform us as to what options are available after the symposium concludes . If we only want a one off event , that 's our decision . But I would think we 'd at least want a mechanism to be able to tap the participants to later on endorse the GEP resolution in the appropriate EU institutions .   The Burson research will also turn up corporate interest in GEP in general which may help us identify allies regardless of whether we do either a symposium or create a coalition . The presentation therefore at the next TF mtg. will be a single proposal for PM prepared jointly by Burson and APCo . And I 've asked Margery -LSB- Krause of APCO -RSB- and Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- to come themselves , as well as any other support staff they may wish to have accompany them .


query: Oliver Reed failed to be cast in Funny Bones.

pos: Oliver Reed Robert Oliver Reed ( 13 February 1938 -- 2 May 1999 ) was an English actor known for his upper-class , macho image , hellraiser lifestyle , and `` tough guy '' roles . Notable films include The Trap ( 1966 ) , Oliver ! ( 1968 ) , Women in Love ( 1969 ) , Hannibal Brooks ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Three Musketeers ( 1973 ) , Tommy ( 1975 ) , Lion of the Desert ( 1981 ) , Castaway ( 1986 ) , The Adventures of Baron Munchausen ( 1988 ) and Funny Bones ( 1995 ) . For Gladiator ( 2000 ) , his final film , Reed was posthumously nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role .   At the peak of his career , in 1971 , British exhibitors voted Reed 5th most popular star at the box office .

neg: Alan Reed Alan Reed , also known professionally as Alan Reed , Sr. , ( August 20 , 1907 -- June 14 , 1977 ) was an American actor and voice artist , best known as the original voice of Fred Flintstone ( although Daws Butler voiced the character in the pilot ) , whom he was said to have physically resembled , on The Flintstones and various spinoff series . He also appeared in many films , including Days of Glory , The Tarnished Angels , Breakfast at Tiffany 's , Viva Zapata ! ( as Pancho Villa ) , and Nob Hill , and various television series .

neg: The Rise of the Johnsons The Rise of the Johnsons is a 1914 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .

neg: Frozen Hearts Frozen Hearts is a 1923 American silent comedy film starring Stan Laurel . One of a number of films he made before teaming up with Oliver Hardy , here peasant Stan duels with the ruling elite in Tsarist Russia for the love of his girl . The film also featured Laurel 's common law wife Mae Laurel .

neg: Mark Lester Mark Lester ( born Mark A. Letzer ; 11 July 1958 ) is an English former child actor known for playing the title role in the 1968 musical film version of Oliver ! and starring in a number of other British and European films of the 1960s and 1970s and in a number of television series .

neg: Oliver Irving Oliver Irving is a British film director . He directed and wrote How To Be starring Robert Pattinson . Based in New York , he is currently in post-production on the feature comedy-thriller Ghost Team , which stars Jon Heder , David Krumholtz , Melonie Diaz , Paul W. Downs with Justin Long and Amy Sedaris and is set for release in fall 2016 .

neg: Rex Reed Rex Taylor Reed ( born October 2 , 1938 ) is an American film critic and former co-host of the syndicated television show At the Movies . He currently writes the column `` On the Town with Rex Reed '' for The New York Observer .

neg: Fat and Fickle Fat and Fickle is a 1916 American comedy film directed by and starring Oliver Hardy .

neg: Luv (play) Luv is a play by Murray Schisgal .   A mix of absurdist humor and traditional Broadway comedy in the Neil Simon vein , Luv concerns two college friends - misfit Harry and materialistic Milt - who are reunited when the latter stops the former from jumping off a bridge , the play 's setting . Each discovers the other is equally miserable as they share hard-luck stories . Milt sees in Harry an answer to his primary problem - his wife Ellen , who he tries to foist on his old pal so he can run off with his mistress .   After twenty-eight previews , the Broadway production , directed by Mike Nichols , opened on November 11 , 1964 at the Booth Theatre . It transferred to the Broadhurst and then the now-demolished Helen Hayes before completing its run of 901 performances . It won the Tony Award for Best Director , Best Producer ( Claire Nichtern ) and Best Scenic Design ( Oliver Smith ) .   Alan Arkin , Eli Wallach , and Anne Jackson comprised the original cast . Barbara Bel Geddes , Larry Blyden , Gene Wilder , and Gabriel Dell were among the replacement performers later in the run .   The 1967 film version , directed by Clive Donner and starring Jack Lemmon , Peter Falk , and Elaine May , added various locations and extraneous characters . Reviews criticized Donner 's heavy-handed approach to the material and the miscasting of the three leads , and it proved to be a commercial failure . Harrison Ford has an uncredited role as a hippie .

neg: Jack Reed: Badge of Honor Jack Reed : Badge of Honor is a 1993 crime drama made-for-television film written by Andrew Laskos , directed by Kevin Connor starring Brian Dennehy , Susan Ruttan , and Alice Krige . It was the sequel to the 1992 made-for-TV crime drama Deadly Matrimony , continuing the fictional Jack Reed character in a television film series .

neg: Oliver Twist (1912 film) Oliver Twist is a 1912 British silent drama film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Ivy Millais , Alma Taylor and Harry Royston . It is an adaptation of the 1838 novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens . It was the directorial debut of Bentley who went on to become a leading British director . It was the first in a series of Dickens adaptations by Bentley .

neg: Stan Laurel Stan Laurel ( born Arthur Stanley Jefferson ; 16 June 1890 -- 23 February 1965 ) was an English comic actor , writer and film director , most famous for his role in the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy . He appeared with his comedy partner Oliver Hardy in 107 short films , feature films , and cameo roles .   Laurel began his career in music hall , where he appropriated a number of his standard comic devices : the bowler hat , the deep comic gravity and the nonsensical understatement . His performances polished his skills at pantomime and music hall sketches . Laurel was a member of `` Fred Karno 's Army , '' where he was Charlie Chaplin 's understudy . With Chaplin , the two arrived in the United States on the same ship from the United Kingdom with the Karno troupe . Laurel began his film career in 1917 and made his final appearance in 1951 . From 1928 onwards , he appeared exclusively with Oliver Hardy . Laurel officially retired from the screen following his comedy partner 's death in 1957 .   In 1961 , Laurel was given a Lifetime Achievement Academy Award for his pioneering work in comedy . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Blvd. . Laurel and Hardy ranked top among best double acts and seventh overall in a 2005 UK poll to find the Comedians ' Comedian . In 2009 , a bronze statue of the duo was unveiled in Laurel 's home town of Ulverston .

neg: Nick Benedict Nick Benedict ( born July 14 , 1947 in Los Angeles ) is an American actor . He played the role of Curtis Reed in Days of Our Lives between 1993 and 2001 . He is the older half-brother of Samuel Benedict and the son of actor Richard Benedict . He made his debut in 1955 in the series Wiretapper as a child . His first performance as an adult was in Mike and the Mermaid at the age of 17 . In 1969 he appeared in the Mission Impossible TV series episode , The Vault . He appeared on The Dukes Of Hazzard , as Frank James , in the seventh season episode Go West , Young Dukes . In 1990 he starred alongside Nancy Allen in the TV film Memories of a Murder . In the 1990s he mainly appeared in films aside from his ongoing role in Days of our Lives . His last screen appearance was minor role in George Santo Pietro 's Kept in 2001 .

neg: Not Much Force Not Much Force is a 1915 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .

neg: Oliver Wells Oliver Wells may refer to :   Oliver Wells ( Bones ) , a character on the TV series Bones  Oliver Elwin Wells ( 1853 -- 1922 ) , American educator

neg: Reed Between the Lines Reed Between the Lines is an American television family sitcom that premiered on October 11 , 2011 , on BET . The series was renewed for a second season on April 12 , 2011 . It was later announced in August 2012 that Tracee Ellis Ross would not return for the second season and three new cast members ( Charlie Robinson , Michole White , and Tony Rock ) would be joining the cast . On September 12 , 2013 , it was revealed that Reed Between the Lines had been canceled and that Young Man on Campus would not be green-lit to series . Malcolm Jamal-Warner confirmed in December 2013 that the second season will not air despite the network completing production on an entire second season in late 2012 . Centric has picked up the series for a second season which premiered on September 18 , 2015 .

neg: The Other Girl The Other Girl is a 1917 American comedy film directed by and starring Oliver Hardy .

neg: Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .

neg: Jimmy Hawkins James F. Hawkins ( born November 13 , 1941 ) , known as Jimmy Hawkins , and later , Jim Hawkins , is an American actor and film producer whose career began as a child actor to such Hollywood stars as Lana Turner , Spencer Tracy , James Stewart , and Donna Reed . His acting career spans the time frame from 1944 -- 1974 , after which he devoted his energies to the production of films and later to his construction/contracting business . Hawkins had starring roles in several television series : The Ruggles ( 1949 -- 1952 ) , Annie Oakley ( 1954 -- 1957 , syndicated ) , The Donna Reed Show ( 1958 -- 1966 , ABC ) , and Petticoat Junction ( the first four seasons , 1963 -- 1967 , CBS ) . He also had recurring roles as ( 1 ) a friend of the Nelson brothers on ABC 's The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and ( 2 ) as Jonathan Baylor on CBS 's Ichabod and Me sitcom with Robert Sterling and George Chandler in the 1961 -- 1962 season . He guest starred in many other programs during his childhood and young adult years , such as the CBS sitcom , Dennis the Menace .   Hawkins was born in Los Angeles to Thomas J. Hawkins ( 1913 -- 1993 ) and Bette C. Hawkins ( born c. 1916 ) . His first roles -- as a two-year-old -- were uncredited -- Spencer Tracy 's The Seventh Cross and Lana Turner 's Marriage Is a Private Affair at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios . His mother was the force behind his early childhood acting . He graduated from the Roman Catholic-affiliated Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks , Los Angeles .

neg: Oliver Twist (1985 TV serial) Oliver Twist is a 1985 BBC TV serial . It was directed by Gareth Davies , and adapted by Alexander Baron from the novel by Charles Dickens . It follows the book more closely than any of the other film adaptions .

neg: Twin Flats Twin Flats is a 1916 American silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy .


query: Wilt Chamberlain played for a team.

pos: Wilt Chamberlain Wilton Norman Chamberlain ( August 21 , 1936 -- October 12 , 1999 ) was an American basketball player . He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors , the Philadelphia 76ers , and the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; he played for the University of Kansas and also for the Harlem Globetrotters before playing in the NBA . The 7 foot 1 inch Chamberlain weighed 250 pounds as a rookie before bulking up to 275 and eventually to over 300 pounds with the Lakers . He played the center position and is widely considered one of the greatest and most dominant players in NBA history .   Chamberlain holds numerous NBA records in scoring , rebounding , and durability categories . He is the only player to score 100 points in a single NBA game or average more than 40 and 50 points in a season . He also won seven scoring , eleven rebounding , nine field goal percentage titles and led the league in assists once . Chamberlain is the only player in NBA history to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game in a season , a feat he accomplished seven times . He is also the only player to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game over the entire course of his NBA career . Although he suffered a long string of professional losses , Chamberlain had a successful career , winning two NBA championships , earning four regular-season Most Valuable Player awards , the Rookie of the Year award , one NBA Finals MVP award , and being selected to 13 All-Star Games and ten All-NBA First and Second teams . Chamberlain was subsequently enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1978 , elected into the NBA 's 35th Anniversary Team of 1980 , and chosen as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History of 1996 .   Chamberlain was known by various nicknames during his basketball playing career . He hated the ones that called attention to his height such as `` Goliath '' and `` Wilt the Stilt '' , which was coined during his high school days by a Philadelphia sportswriter . He preferred `` The Big Dipper '' , which was inspired by his friends who saw him dip his head as he walked through doorways . After his basketball career ended , Chamberlain played volleyball in the short-lived International Volleyball Association , was president of this organization , and is enshrined in the IVA Hall of Fame for his contributions . Chamberlain was also a successful businessman , authored several books , and appeared in the movie Conan the Destroyer . He was a lifelong bachelor , and became notorious for his claim to have had sexual intercourse with as many as 20,000 women .

pos: Rebound (basketball) In basketball , a rebound , colloquially referred to as a board , is a statistic awarded to a player who retrieves the ball after a missed field goal or free throw . Rebounds are also given to a player who tips in a missed shot on his team 's offensive end . Rebounds in basketball are a routine part in the game , as all possessions change after a shot is successfully made , or the rebound allows the defensive team to take possession . A rebound can be grabbed by either an offensive player or a defensive player .

pos: Point (basketball) Points in basketball are used to keep track of the score in a game . Points can be accumulated by making field goals ( two or three points ) or free throws ( one point ) . If a player makes a field goal from within the three-point line , the player scores two points . If the player makes a field goal from beyond the three-point line , the player scores three points . The team that has recorded the most points at the end of a game is declared that game 's winner .

pos: Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169 -- 147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2 , 1962 , at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey , Pennsylvania . It is widely considered one of the greatest records in basketball . Chamberlain set five other league records that game including most free throws made , a notable achievement , as he was regarded as a poor free throw shooter . The teams broke the record for most combined points in a game ( 316 ) . That season , Chamberlain averaged a record 50.4 points per game , and he had broken the NBA single-game scoring record ( 71 ) earlier in the season in December with 78 points . The third-year center had already set season scoring records in his first two seasons . In the fourth quarter , the Knicks began fouling other players to keep the ball away from Chamberlain , and they also became deliberate on offense to reduce the number of possessions for Philadelphia . The Warriors countered by committing fouls of their own to get the ball back .   The game was not televised , and no video footage of the game has been recovered ; there are only audio recordings of the game 's fourth quarter . The NBA was not yet a major sports league and struggled to compete against college basketball . The attendance at this game was around half of capacity , and no members of the New York press were at the game .

pos: Golden State Warriors The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in Oakland , California . The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The team was established in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors based in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , a founding member of the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . In 1962 , the franchise relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area and was renamed the San Francisco Warriors . In 1971 , the team changed its geographic moniker to Golden State , California 's state nickname . Since 1971 , the team 's home court has been the Oracle Arena in Oakland . The team is nicknamed the `` Dubs . ''   The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals , winning four NBA championships in 1947 , 1956 , 1975 and most recently in 2015 when they defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers . Golden State 's four NBA championships are the fifth most in history behind only the Boston Celtics ( 17 ) , Los Angeles Lakers ( 16 ) , Chicago Bulls ( 6 ) and San Antonio Spurs ( 5 ) . Wilt Chamberlain and Stephen Curry have both been named the NBA 's Most Valuable Player while playing for the Warriors , for a total of three MVP awards . Golden State holds the NBA record for best regular season with 73 -- 9 and most combined wins in a season ( regular season and postseason ) with 88 wins .

pos: Center (basketball) The center ( C ) , also known as the five or the big man , is one of the five positions in a regular basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well .   The tallest player to ever be drafted in the NBA was the 7 ' 8 '' ( 2.33 m ) Yasutaka Okayama from Japan . The tallest players to ever play in the NBA , at 7 ' 7 '' ( 2.31 m ) , are centers Gheorghe Mureșan and Manute Bol . Standing at 7 ' 2 '' ( 2.18 m ) , Margo Dydek is the tallest player to have ever played in the WNBA .

neg: Three-peat Three-peat is a term used primarily in American sports to refer to winning three consecutive championships . The term , a portmanteau of the words three and repeat , originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association , during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988 -- 89 season , having won the previous 2 NBA Finals in 1987 and 1988 against the Boston Celtics and Detroit Pistons , but were swept by the Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals . The term is a registered trademark owned by Hardo Beers , the Lakers ' Hardo strength coach from 1981 -- 1990 , although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their victorious championship defense against the Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals .

neg: Southwest Division (NBA) The Southwest Division is one of the three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The division is located in the South Central United States and consists of five teams , the Dallas Mavericks , the Houston Rockets , the Memphis Grizzlies , the New Orleans Pelicans and the San Antonio Spurs . Three of the teams , the Mavericks , Rockets , and Spurs , are based in Texas .   The division was created at the start of the 2004 -- 05 season , when the league expanded from 29 to 30 teams with the addition of the Charlotte Bobcats . The league realigned itself into three divisions in each conference . The Southwest Division began with five inaugural members , the Mavericks , the Rockets , the Grizzlies , the Hornets ( now Pelicans ) and the Spurs . The Mavericks , the Rockets , the Grizzlies and the Spurs joined from the now-defunct Midwest Division , while the Pelicans joined from the Central Division .   The Spurs have won the most Southwest Division titles with eight . The Mavericks have won two titles and the Pelicans and Rockets have won one title each . The Grizzlies have never won the Southwest Division title . Four NBA champions came from the Southwest Division . The Spurs won the NBA championship in 2005 , 2007 and 2014 , while the Mavericks won in 2011 . In the 2007 -- 08 season , all four teams that qualified for the playoffs each had more than 50 wins . In the 2010 -- 11 season and the 2014 -- 15 season , all teams in the division had winning percentages above 0.500 ( 50 % ) . In the 2014 -- 15 season , the Southwest Division saw every one of its teams making the playoffs , a feat achieved only twice in the last 30 years . The most recent division champion is the San Antonio Spurs .

neg: 1976 ABA Dispersal Draft On August 5 , 1976 , as a result of the ABA -- NBA merger , the NBA hosted a dispersal draft to select players from the Kentucky Colonels and Spirits of St. Louis , the two American Basketball Association ( ABA ) franchises that were not included in the ABA -- NBA merger .   The eighteen NBA teams and the four ABA teams that joined the NBA , the Denver Nuggets , Indiana Pacers , New York Nets and San Antonio Spurs , were allowed to participate in the draft . The teams selected in reverse order of their win -- loss percentage in the previous NBA and ABA seasons . The team that made a selection paid for the signing rights to the player , which were set by the league 's committee . The money from the draft was used to help the four ABA teams that merged with the NBA to pay off some of their obligations to the two folded ABA franchises , the Colonels and Spirits . The team that made a selection was obligated to assume the player 's ABA contract . The players who were not selected would become free agents .   Twenty players from the Colonels and the Spirits were available for the draft . Eleven were selected in the first round and the twelfth player was selected in the second round . Eight players were not selected and thus became a free agent . The Chicago Bulls used the first pick to select five-time ABA All-Star Artis Gilmore with a signing price of $ 1,100,000 . The Portland Trail Blazers , who acquired the Atlanta Hawks ' second pick , selected Maurice Lucas and Moses Malone with signing price of $ 300,000 and $ 350,000 respectively . Marvin Barnes , who was selected fourth by the Detroit Pistons was the second most expensive player in the draft with a signing price of $ 500,000 . Several teams elected to pass their first-round picks and only the Kansas City Kings used the second-round pick . The draft continued until the third round , but no other players were selected .

neg: 1995 NBA Expansion Draft The 1995 NBA Expansion Draft was the tenth expansion draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on June 24 , 1995 , so that the newly founded Toronto Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies could acquire players for the upcoming . Toronto was awarded an expansion team on September 30 , 1993 , while Vancouver was awarded the league 's 29th franchise on April 27 , 1994 . They were the first NBA teams based in Canada since the Toronto Huskies . In an NBA expansion draft , new NBA teams are allowed to acquire players from the previously established teams in the league . Not all players on a given team are available during an expansion draft , since each team can protect a certain number of players from being selected . In this draft , each of the twenty-seven other NBA teams had protected eight players from their roster , and the Raptors and the Grizzlies selected fourteen and thirteen unprotected players respectively , one from each team . Prior to the draft , the league conducted a coin flip between the Raptors and the Grizzlies to decide their draft order in this expansion draft and in the 1995 NBA draft . The Grizzlies won the coin flip and chose to have the higher pick in the 1995 Draft , allowing the Raptors to receive the first selection and the right to select fourteen players in the expansion draft .   The Raptors were formed and owned by a group headed by Toronto businessman John Bitove . Brendan Malone was hired as the franchise 's first head coach . The Raptors used their first pick to select three-time NBA champion B. J. Armstrong from the Chicago Bulls . However , Armstrong refused to report for training and was traded to the Golden State Warriors for five other players . The Raptors ' other selections included four-time NBA champion John Salley and six other former first-round picks , Doug Smith , Willie Anderson , Ed Pinckney , Acie Earl , B. J. Tyler and Oliver Miller . Seven players from the expansion draft joined the Raptors for their inaugural season , but only Miller , Earl and Žan Tabak played more than one season for the team . Tabak and Andrés Guibert were the only international players in the draft .   The Grizzlies were formed and owned by Vancouver sports magnate Arthur Griffiths . Former Atlanta Hawks assistant coach Brian Winters was hired as the franchise 's first head coach . The Grizzlies used their first pick to select former first-round pick Greg Anthony from the New York Knicks . The Grizzlies ' other selections included three-time NBA champion Byron Scott and three other former first-round picks , Benoit Benjamin , Doug Edwards and Blue Edwards . On draft day , the Grizzlies acquired a second-round draft pick from the Orlando Magic in exchange for selecting Rodney Dent , who had never played in the NBA . Eight players from the expansion draft joined the Grizzlies for their inaugural season , but only Anthony and Blue Edwards played more than one season for the team .

neg: Jack Chamberlain (sportsman) John `` Jack '' Aloysius Chamberlain ( 29 August 1884 -- 1 April 1941 ) was an Australian sportsman who played Australian rules football , cricket and rugby union at a high level .   After spending some time in Tasmania , Chamberlain moved to Sydney at the age of 17 and played Australian rules football for Paddington . During this time , he twice represented New South Wales at interstate football . He took up soccer when he moved to Perth two years later but gave it away in 1906 to play for the Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football Association . Chamberlain also played cricket in the summer and played one first-class match for Western Australia against New South Wales in March 1907 .   In 1908 he signed with the Norwood Football Club in the South Australian Football League . Playing as a forward , Chamberlain kicked 30 goals to top his club 's goalkicking and fall just three short of league leader J. Mathieson from Port Adelaide . He participated in the 1908 Challenge Final , which Norwood lost narrowly , and represented South Australia in that year 's Melbourne Carnival .   Chamberlain played for Norwood initially in 1909 but during the year was relocated to Singapore , through his work with the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company . While in Singapore he played rugby union and represented the Crown colony in fixtures again the Malay State . He also played for the Straits Settlements cricket team , appearing in four matches against the Federated Malay States between 1910 and 1913 . In 1914 , while on leave , Chamberplain played again with Norwood .   Two brothers , Cornelius and Leonard , were also gifted sportsmen . They played league football with Norwood and first-class cricket for South Australia .

neg: NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards .   Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA .   Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .

neg: 2004 NBA Finals The 2004 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 2003 -- 04 National Basketball Association season . The Finals were between the Los Angeles Lakers of the Western Conference and the Detroit Pistons of the Eastern Conference ; the Lakers held home court advantage . The series was played under a best-of-seven format , so the first team to collect four game victories would win the series .   Although the Lakers were the heavy favorite , the Pistons won the series four games to one to win their first title since 1990 and their fifth overall ( three NBA Championships , two NBL Championships ) . Pistons point guard Chauncey Billups was named as the NBA Finals MVP . The series was noted for the perceived underdog , the Pistons , dominating a Lakers team that had four future Hall of Famers .   Pistons owner William Davidson became the first owner in sports history to win two championships in one year . Eight days earlier , the other team that Davidson owned , the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League had won the Stanley Cup in seven games over the Calgary Flames .

neg: List of National Basketball Association player-coaches A player-coach is a member of team who simultaneously holds both playing and coaching duties . The term can be used to refer to both players who serve as head coaches or as assistant coaches . In the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , there have been 40 players who also served as their teams ' head coaches at the same time . The NBA was founded in 1946 as the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) . The league adopted its current name at the start of the when it merged with the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . After the salary cap was instituted in , the NBA has prohibited teams from employing a player-coach . The ruling was established to avoid the possibility that a team would circumvent the cap by signing a player as a player-coach , as coaches ' salaries are not counted under the cap .   Ed Sadowski was the first player-coach in the league . In the BAA 's inaugural season , he played for the Toronto Huskies and also served as the team 's first head coach . Buddy Jeannette was the first player-coach to win the championship ; he won the 1948 BAA Finals with the Baltimore Bullets . Bill Russell is the only other player-coach who has won the championship , as well as the only player-coach to win multiple championships . In , he took over the Boston Celtics ' head coaching duties from Red Auerbach , becoming the first African American head coach in the league . He served as the Celtics ' player-coach for three seasons , winning two consecutive NBA championships in 1968 and 1969 . Dave DeBusschere became the youngest head coach in the league 's history when he was appointed as the Detroit Pistons ' player-coach at the age of 24 in . He held the position for three seasons before returning to a full-time player in . Dave Cowens is the last player-coach in the league . He coached the Celtics in the before relinquishing his coaching duty to focus on his playing career .   Richie Guerin had coached 372 games as a player-coach , the most among the other player-coaches . He was the player-coach of the St. Louis / Atlanta Hawks for five seasons , from to and from to . Before the , he retired from playing to become a full-time head coach . However , he came back from retirement to play in the following two seasons while still serving as the Hawks ' head coach . Lenny Wilkens , who is in second place for highest number of games as a player-coach , was the only player-coach who has been employed by more than one team . He spent three seasons as the Seattle SuperSonics ' player-coach and one season as the Portland Trail Blazers ' player-coach . He is the only player-coach who has been inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as both a player and a coach . Other than Wilkens , twelve player-coaches have been inducted as players while two player-coaches have been inducted as coaches . The Coach of the Year Award was never won by a player-coach .   Wilkens went on to become the longest-tenured head coach in the league . In addition to 4 seasons as a player-coach , he spent another 28 seasons as a head coach , winning an NBA championship in 1979 . San Francisco Warriors player-coach Al Attles retired from playing duty in 1971 , but continued to coach the Warriors for another 12 seasons , leading them to an NBA championship in 1975 . Alex Hannum , Red Holzman and Kevin Loughery , who served as player-coaches for less than a season , had a lengthy coaching career in the NBA which lasted more than 10 seasons . Hannum spent 11 seasons as a full-time head coach , winning two NBA championships with two different teams . Holzman coached the Hawks for 4 seasons , including a season as a player-coach , and the New York Knicks for 14 seasons . He led the latter to two NBA championships . Loughery served as the head coach for six NBA teams during his 18-year coaching career , including a year as a player-coach . Wilkens and Holzman were named among the Top 10 Coaches in NBA History announced at the league 's 50th anniversary in 1996 . Wilkens , along with Bob Cousy , Dave Cowens , Dave DeBusschere , Bob Pettit , Bill Russell and Dolph Schayes , were named to the list of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History , which was also announced at the league 's 50th anniversary .

neg: 1969–70 Washington Caps season The 1969 -- 70 Washington Caps season was the 1st and only season of the Caps in the ABA . On August 21 , 1969 , the Oakland Oaks moved to Washington , D.C due to operating at a loss despite winning the ABA Finals that year . They were purchased by a group led by Earl Foreman , Thomas Shaheen and Louis Diamond for $ 2.6 million . Seven members of the championship team played for the Caps , who finished 3rd in the Western Division ( placed there despite being over thousands of miles from their opponents ) . The team played a few games designated as home games despite not being in Washington , even playing a game in Wichita , Kansas . They finished 2nd in points per game at 118.2 , but finished last in points allowed , at 118.8 . The Caps faced the Denver Rockets in the ABA Playoffs , losing in 7 games . After the season , Foreman was encouraged to move the team away from Washington , in anticipation of an ABA -- NBA merger , along with Abe Pollin moving his Baltimore Bullets to Washington . Subsequently , the team moved to Virginia to become the Virginia Squires .

neg: 1993–94 Utah Jazz season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Jazz 's 20th season in the National Basketball Association , and 15th season in Salt Lake City , Utah . During the offseason , the Jazz signed unrestricted free agent All-Star forward Tom Chambers , and acquired Felton Spencer from the Minnesota Timberwolves . John Stockton led the league in assists for the seventh straight season , as Karl Malone joined the list in all-time points scored topping the 19,000 point mark . Both were selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game . At midseason , the Jazz traded Jeff Malone to the Philadelphia 76ers for Jeff Hornacek . With the addition of Hornacek , the Jazz went on to win ten consecutive games between February and March . They won nine of their final eleven games finishing third in the Midwest Division with a 53 -- 29 record .   In the first round of the playoffs , the Jazz defeated the 4th-seeded San Antonio Spurs after losing Game 1 . In the semifinals , they took a 3 -- 0 series lead over the 8th-seeded Denver Nuggets . However , the Jazz would lose the next three games to the Nuggets , then finally win Game 7 and advance to the next round . In the Western Conference Finals , they lost five games to the Houston Rockets . Following the season , Tyrone Corbin was traded to the Atlanta Hawks .

neg: Minnesota Timberwolves failed relocation to New Orleans In 1994 , several groups were involved in an attempt to relocate the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from Minneapolis , Minnesota to New Orleans , Louisiana . The proposed relocation would have been the second involving a Minneapolis-based franchise in the span of two years , as Minneapolis had lost its National Hockey League ( NHL ) franchise to Dallas in 1993 . Timberwolves owners Marv Wolfenson and Harvey Ratner were considering selling the team due to problems with the mortgage on the Target Center , the team 's arena that had been built only four years earlier as part of Minneapolis ' 1989 entry into the NBA . The events of the attempted relocation resulted in Glen Taylor , businessman and former Minnesota State Senator , purchasing the team and keeping it in Minneapolis .   After their failed courting of the Timberwolves , New Orleans made attempts to lure the Vancouver Grizzlies and Charlotte Hornets to the city in the 2000s and found success when the Hornets , who had considered both New Orleans and Memphis ( where the Grizzlies eventually moved ) , elected to move to Louisiana in 2002 . The Hornets would since then revive their franchise name back in Charlotte in 2014 , while the original Charlotte Hornets would be renamed the New Orleans Pelicans in 2013 .

neg: Lawton-Fort Sill Cavalry The Lawton-Fort Sill Cavalry was a professional basketball team based in Lawton , Oklahoma . They played in the Premier Basketball League after having been in the Continental Basketball Association . They have one PBL championship and also were the two time champions of the CBA . The original team was known as the Oklahoma City Cavalry , which competed in the CBA in Oklahoma City from 1990 to 1997 -- when they were league champions . Rochester won the first game of the best of three 2011 championship series 105 -- 101 ( in Rochester on April 15 , 2011 ) .   The new Oklahoma Cavalry , which was originally supposed to be a reincarnation of the original team and called the Oklahoma City Cavalry , began play in 2007 . The team was originally scheduled to play in the American Basketball Association . The team wanted to play at Abe Lemons Arena on the campus of Oklahoma City University ; however , the university backed out . Due to the lack of support from Oklahoma City and city officials ' desire for a permanent NBA franchise , the owners decided to look elsewhere to place the new Cavalry franchise . The team then decided to move operations to Lawton , Oklahoma , and to play at the Great Plains Coliseum .   Less than one year later , Oklahoma City got their NBA team , the Oklahoma City Thunder .

neg: 1993–94 Atlanta Hawks season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Hawks ' 45th season in the National Basketball Association , and 26th season in Atlanta . In the offseason , Michael Jordan shocked the NBA by announcing his retirement . This meant that various teams in the league had an opportunity to contend for a championship . The Hawks hired Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens as their new head coach . Wilkens was a star guard for the franchise when it was based in St. Louis in the 1960s . Wilkens was quickly moving up the all-time coaching wins list after successful runs with the Seattle SuperSonics and Cleveland Cavaliers . Wilkens employed a defensive system which benefited several members of the team . The team also signed free agents Craig Ehlo and Andrew Lang during the offseason .   The Hawks got off to a slow start losing four of their first five games , but then went on a 14-game winning streak as they held a 34 -- 13 record before the All-Star break . Despite being in first place in the East , the Hawks would trade franchise leading scorer Dominique Wilkins to the Los Angeles Clippers for All-Star forward Danny Manning on February 24 . By the end of the season , the Hawks finished first overall in the Eastern Conference with a record of 57 wins and 25 losses . Guards Stacey Augmon and Mookie Blaylock were both named to the NBA All-Defensive team . Blaylock was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game along with Wilkins , and Coach of The Year , Lenny Wilkens coaching the Eastern Conference .   In the playoffs , the Hawks defeated the Miami Heat in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in five games after trailing 2 -- 1 , but lost to the 5th-seeded Indiana Pacers four games to two in the semifinals . Following the season , Manning signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Phoenix Suns , Duane Ferrell signed with the Indiana Pacers , and second-year forward Adam Keefe was traded to the Utah Jazz .

neg: Bobby Joe Mason Bobby Joe Mason ( April 23 , 1936 -- July 4 , 2006 ) was an American basketball player . He was an All-American college player at Bradley University and gained worldwide fame as a member of the Harlem Globetrotters .   Mason was a three-sport star at Centralia High School in Centralia , Illinois . He came to Bradley and , after losing nearly a season to academic eligibility issues , became a prominent player and a part of two National Invitation Tournament championships with the Braves . In 1958 , he was named second-team All-Missouri Valley Conference , and was named to the first-team in 1959 . Following the season , he was drafted by the National Basketball Association 's Minneapolis Lakers , but chose to return to Bradley to use the rest of his eligibility .   Mason played 18 games for the Braves in 1959 -- 60 , until his eligibility ran out upon graduation . He left the team prior to their run to the 1960 NIT championship . Despite his abbreviated season , Mason was named a second-team All-American by the National Association of Basketball Coaches alongside teammate Chet Walker .   He was again drafted in the 1960 NBA draft , this time by the Cincinnati Royals ( sixth round , 41st pick ) , however he did not play in the NBA . He instead joined the Harlem Globetrotters , playing for the touring team from 1962 to 1974 . In addition to earning captain honors , he was a cast member on the 1974 Saturday morning television series The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine . Mason died on July 4 , 2006 at 70 .

neg: 1991 NBA Playoffs The 1991 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1990 -- 91 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP .   After the Pistons had ended their season the last three years , the Bulls got revenge in the Eastern Conference Finals by sweeping the two-time defending NBA champions . It was the first time the Bulls won a playoff series over the Pistons since 1974 , when both teams were still part of the Western Conference . Game 4 ended with some of the Pistons walking off the court before time expired , refusing to shake the Bulls ' hands . In the 1989 NBA Finals , the Pistons themselves had swept the two-time defending champion Lakers . Detroit did not reach the conference finals again until 2003 .   The seventh seeded Golden State Warriors stunned the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs , defeating them 3 games to 1 . It would be Golden State 's last playoff series win until 2007 .   The 76ers and the Bucks met in the first round of the playoffs where the 76ers swept the series . It would be both teams last playoff appearance until 1999 .   Game 4 of the Blazers -- Jazz series was the last game ever played at the Salt Palace .   This was the first year that NBC aired the NBA Playoffs .

neg: 1992–93 Atlanta Hawks season The 1992 -- 93 NBA season was the Hawks ' 44th season in the National Basketball Association , and 25th season in Atlanta . Prior to the start of the season , the Hawks acquired point guard Mookie Blaylock from the New Jersey Nets . After losing their season opener at home to the New York Knicks 106 -- 94 , the Hawks would defeat the defending champion Chicago Bulls on the road , 100 -- 99 at the Chicago Stadium on November 7 . However , they got off to a rough start losing five of their first seven games , which led them to a mediocre 12 -- 17 start in early January . With a 26 -- 31 record , they would win 12 of their next 13 games while posting a 12 -- 3 record in March , on their way to finishing fourth in the Central Division with a 43 -- 39 record .   Dominique Wilkins surpassed Bob Pettit as the Hawks all-time scoring leader , finishing second in the league in scoring averaging 29.9 points per game . He was named to the All-NBA Second Team and selected for the 1993 NBA All-Star Game . However , in the first round of the playoffs , the Hawks would be swept by the Bulls in three straight games . Following the season , head coach Bob Weiss was fired .   For the season , the Hawks changed their uniforms which lasted until 1995 .

neg: 1934 St. Louis Gunners season The 1934 St. Louis Gunners season was their sole season in the league . The team won its first game before losing its final two .   On August 8 , 1934 , before the start of the NFL season , St. Louis purchased the NFL 's Cincinnati Reds for $ 20,000 . However , the Gunners needed the other league owners to approve the sale . Only then would the Gunners would be official members . On August 17 , the other owners decided to reject the Gunners bid to buy the Reds , probably because St. Louis was too far removed from the rest of the clubs , all in the Northeast , and yearly trips there would have increased travel expenses . Meanwhile the Gunners declined membership into the minor league American Football League . As a result , the new league decided to form the St. Louis Blues . Gunners GM Bud Yates was credited with founding the team . The Blues even lured Dick Frahm away from the Gunners and even took over the lease of Public Schools Stadium . As a result , the Gunners moved their home games to Sportsman 's Park . Meanwhile Chile Walsh became the team 's fourth head coach in four years .   The Gunners started their 1934 season , 5 -- 0 against several semi-pro teams . The team was searching desperately for decent teams to compete against . However on November 6 , 1934 , the NFL finally approved the sale of the Cincinnati Reds to St. Louis for $ 20,000 -- $ 30,000 . The Gunners were now officially members of the NFL and were invited to play the Reds last 3 games of the 1934 NFL season . The Blues then moved to Kansas City two days later in order to avoid fighting the Gunners for control of the St. Louis fanbase .

neg: 1989–90 New York Knicks season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the 44th season for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association . Before the season , owners Gulf + Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications , renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio .   During the offseason , the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach . The team got off to a solid start , winning 20 of their first 27 games , while posting a nine-game winning streak . At midseason , the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs for Maurice Cheeks . However , as they stood at a 39 -- 22 record , they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games . The Knicks had a 45 -- 37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division . The Knicks ' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the third straight year . Patrick Ewing was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game .   In the first round of the playoffs , New York defeated the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics three games to two , after overcoming an 0 -- 2 deficit . The Knicks were then eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Detroit Pistons , who later on won their second consecutive NBA title , four games to one over the Portland Trail Blazers . Following the season , Johnny Newman signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets .

neg: Jayhawkers (film) Jayhawkers is an American sports drama/biographical film directed by Kevin Willmott , following the life of Wilt Chamberlain , Phog Allen , and the 1956 Kansas Jayhawks basketball team .

neg: List of all-time NBA win-loss records The following is a listing of all 30 current National Basketball Association ( NBA ) teams ranked by win-loss record percentage , accurate as of the end of the 2016 -- 17 NBA season . The records do not count wins and losses recorded by a team 's playing time in the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) , despite the 1976 NBA-ABA merger . The San Antonio Spurs have the highest win-loss record percentage , with . The Minnesota Timberwolves have the lowest win-loss record percentage , with . The Boston Celtics have recorded the most wins , with 3,274 , while the Sacramento Kings have recorded the most losses at 2,955 . The Boston Celtics lead the association with the most played games , with 5,560 . Conversely , the Pelicans have played the least overall games , with 1,132 .