query: X-Men: Days of Future Past is based on the DC Batman comics.

pos: X-Men: Days of Future Past X-Men : Days of Future Past is a 2014 American superhero film based on the fictional X-Men characters that appear in Marvel Comics . Directed by Bryan Singer , it is the seventh installment of the X-Men film series and acts as a sequel to both 2006 's X-Men : The Last Stand and 2011 's X-Men : First Class . The story , inspired by the 1981 Uncanny X-Men storyline `` Days of Future Past '' by Chris Claremont and John Byrne , focuses on two time periods , with Wolverine traveling back in time to 1973 to change history and prevent an event that results in doom for both humans and mutants . The film features an ensemble cast , including Hugh Jackman , James McAvoy , Michael Fassbender , Jennifer Lawrence , Halle Berry , Anna Paquin , Ellen Page , Peter Dinklage , Ian McKellen and Patrick Stewart . Simon Kinberg wrote the screenplay from a story conceived by Jane Goldman , himself , and Matthew Vaughn .   Vaughn had directed First Class and was set to return in Days of Future Past before leaving for Kingsman : The Secret Service . Thus Singer , who had directed the first two X-Men films , made his return as a director , and brought along most of the crew from those productions . With a budget of $ 200 million , principal photography began in Montreal , Quebec in April 2013 and concluded in August the same year , with additional filming and pick-ups taking place in November 2013 and February 2014 . Twelve companies handled the visual effects .   X-Men : Days of Future Past premiered in New York City on May 10 , 2014 , and was theatrically released on May 23 . It became the best-reviewed film in the X-Men film series released thus far ( surpassed only by Logan in 2017 ) , being praised for its story , visual effects , action scenes , acting and thematic elements . During its theatrical run , the film earned over $ 747 million worldwide , making it the 6th highest grossing film of 2014 , as well as the second highest-grossing film in the series behind Deadpool . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects , making it the first X-Men film to be nominated for an Oscar . A sequel , X-Men : Apocalypse , was released on May 27 , 2016 .

neg: Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity .   In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually .   Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media .   These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .

neg: Batman: Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader? `` Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader ? '' is a 2009 story featuring the DC Comics character Batman . The story is published in two parts , in the `` final '' issues of the series Batman ( # 686 ) and Detective Comics ( # 853 ) , released February and April respectively . Written by Neil Gaiman , pencilled by Andy Kubert , and inked by Scott Williams , the story is purported to be the `` last '' Batman story in the wake of severe psychological trauma that Batman endures within the Batman R.I.P. story , and his ultimate fate in Final Crisis .   The story 's title is a reference to the backup stories published in DC Comics Presents from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s ( which revisited various long-unused Golden Age and Silver Age characters ; these stories were all titled `` Whatever Happened to ( x ) ? '' ) akin to writer Alan Moore 's `` last '' Superman story Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow ? .

neg: Gotham Central Gotham Central is a police procedural comic-book series that was published by DC Comics . It was written by Ed Brubaker and Greg Rucka , with pencils initially by Michael Lark . The story focused on the Gotham City Police Department and the difficulties of its officers living and working in Gotham City , home of Batman .

neg: X-Men (TV series) X-Men , also known as X-Men : The Animated Series , is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31 , 1992 , in the United States on the Fox Network , as part of its Fox Kids Saturday morning lineup . X-Men was Marvel Comics ' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot , X-Men : Pryde of the X-Men , was not picked up .

neg: Superman/Fantastic Four Superman/Fantastic Four , subtitled `` The Infinite Destruction , '' is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1999 . The tale unites DC 's first superhero Superman and Marvel 's first superhero team , the Fantastic Four -- pitting them against the Cyborg Superman ( who gained notoriety in 1993 during DC 's `` Reign of the Supermen '' story arc ) and the longtime FF foe Galactus .   It was written by Dan Jurgens , with art by Jurgens and Art Thibert . The cover features painted art by Alex Ross , based on a layout by Jurgens .

neg: X-Men in television The fictional X-Men created by Marvel Comics has appeared in multiple forms of media besides comics , including on television numerous times , in both live action and animated television programs .

neg: Batwing (DC Comics) Batwing is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics . Within DC Comics internal continuity , Batwing is one of several superheroes patterned after the famous superhero Batman . Batwing , in particular , was conceived by Batman as his crime-fighting counterpart overseas , ` the Batman of Africa ' .   The first Batwing is David Zavimbe , a Congolese police officer , created by writer Grant Morrison within the pages of Batman Incorporated prior to receiving his own eponymous series . Following later events within Batman Incorporated and Batwing , Zavimbe is replaced in the role by Luke Fox , an American mixed martial artist who had been Batman 's first choice in the role , who is also the son of Batman 's close associate Lucius Fox .   Batwing faces a roster of adversaries ranging from international super villains to the Democratic Republic of Congo 's corrupt police force . Batwing expands the DC Universe by taking place in Africa , making David Zavimbe both the first ( in continuity ) black Batman and one of the few characters headlining a series outside the United States . Fox is also black , and becomes the first in-continuity African American Batman .

neg: Gotham City Impostors Gotham City Impostors is a first-person shooter multiplayer-only video game set in the universe of DC Comics ' Batman . Developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. . Interactive Entertainment , the downloadable game is played from the perspective of two teams each trying to kill the other : one with people dressed like Batman and the other with people dressed like his archenemy , The Joker .   Unlike other Batman games , Gotham City Impostors was not physically released . It was released on Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade , PlayStation 3 via the PlayStation Network and Microsoft Windows via Games for Windows -- Live in February 2012 . The game was re-released on Microsoft Windows as a free-to-play title in August 30 , 2012 via Steam using Steamworks . The game is a six versus six first person shooter multiplayer game featuring customizable characters . Players take on the role of either amateur vigilantes ( the Bats ) or criminals ( the Jokerz ) . The game features a range of both traditional and imagined weapons .

neg: Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) .   Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star .   The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .

neg: The Dark Knight (video game) The Dark Knight is a cancelled action video game loosely based on the film of the same name . The game was unofficially announced in the summer of 2007 to be developed by Pandemic Studios as an open world Batman game .   The game was confirmed , albeit unofficially , on July 18 , 2008 by actor Gary Oldman during an interview with G4 's Kristin Adams . In his interview on GameTrailers , Oldman said he knew an awful lot of effort had gone into getting Batman 's gliding abilities to feel suitably smooth and fluid for The Dark Knight game . Oldman , who reprised his role as Lt. Jim Gordon , did not name a developer in the interview but anonymous sources reported that The Dark Knight was a secret project of Pandemic Studios and EA .   Despite prior speculation , no further announcements were made regarding production of the game , even upon the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of the films on December 9 , 2008 in the United States . According to a Newsweek article , the lack of a game at the same time of the movie 's release may have cost an estimated $ 101 million in missed revenue . EA and Pandemic Studios had announced that the game would come out on the PlayStation 3 . Pandemic Brisbane , who were responsible for developing this game , has since been shut down and the project cancelled . In 2009 , Warner Bros. would instead publish Batman : Arkham Asylum with Rocksteady Studios as the developer , which would start the Batman : Arkham series .

neg: Batman Returns (video game) Batman Returns is a video game for various platforms based on the movie of the same name . The Sega console versions ( i.e. Sega Mega Drive/Genesis , Sega Mega-CD , Sega Master System and Sega Game Gear ) were published by Sega themselves while the NES and Super NES versions were developed and published by Konami . The DOS version was published by Konami and developed by Spirit of Discovery . The Amiga version was developed by Denton Designs , and also published by Konami . There is also an Atari Lynx version , published by Atari themselves .

neg: List of Batman storylines List of all DC Comics ' Batman storylines .

neg: X-Men: Legacy X-Men : Legacy is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics featuring the mutant superhero team , the X-Men .   The title began its publication in October 1991 as X-Men . From 2001 until 2004 it was published as New X-Men . It had reverted in issue # 157 to its original title , but changed again from issue # 208 to X-Men : Legacy . Prior to the name change , the series is usually referred to as X-Men , vol . 2 because the first series , currently Uncanny X-Men , was titled The X-Men prior to 1981 . In addition , a new unrelated ongoing series titled X-Men was later released starting in 2010 , and is generally referred to as X-Men , vol . 3 .   X-Men : Legacy was relaunched in 2012 as part of Marvel NOW ! with a new issue # 1 . The new volume , written by Simon Spurrier , focuses on Legion , son of the recently deceased Professor X , and his mission to preemptively help mutantkind while attempting to get his many personalities under control . The volume ended its run after 25 issues in March 2014 , but not before reverting to its original numbering with the final issue , X-Men : Legacy # 300 .

neg: Batman: Year Two `` Year Two '' is the title of a four-part story arc featuring Batman , written by Mike W. Barr and illustrated by Alan Davis , Paul Neary , Alfredo Alcala , Mark Farmer and Todd McFarlane . It originally appeared in the American comic book Detective Comics # 575-578 , published by DC Comics .   The story was initially a treatment by Barr titled `` Batman : 1980 '' , but it was released as `` Batman : Year Two '' following the success of Frank Miller 's `` Batman : Year One '' .   This story was collected as a trade paperback in 1990 . In 2002 , DC Comics published a second printing of the trade paperback , this time with the addition of the one-shot sequel , Batman : Full Circle included , with the new edition retitled as Batman : Year Two - Fear The Reaper . Elements of the story were incorporated into the animated film Batman : Mask of the Phantasm .

neg: Geoff Johns Geoff Johns ( born January 25 , 1973 ) is an American comic book and television writer , film producer , and television producer . He is the president and Chief Creative Officer at DC Comics ; he has served in the latter position since 2010 . His most notable work in different media has used the DC Comics characters Green Lantern , Aquaman , Flash , and Superman . He is well known for his work on The WB/The CW 's Smallville , Arrow and The Flash .   He is also a comic book retailer who co-owns Earth-2 Comics in Northridge , California with Carr D'Angelo and Jud Meyers .

neg: Court of Owls The Court of Owls is an organized crime group and secret society appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with the superhero Batman . They have secretly existed since colonial times in Gotham City . The Court kidnaps child performers from the circus , only to train and transform them into their assassins , known as Talons . As part of the 2015-2016 `` Robin War '' storyline , the Court of Owls had expanded internationally and is referred to as the Parliament of Owls .

neg: X-Men: Next Dimension X-Men : Next Dimension ( alternatively titled X-Men : Mutant Academy 3 ) is a fighting game , released in 2002 for the PlayStation 2 , Xbox and GameCube video game consoles . It is the third and final installment in the X-Men : Mutant Academy fighting game series , following X-Men : Mutant Academy and X-Men : Mutant Academy 2 .   Next Dimension expands upon the concept of the first two games by adding several new characters , 3-D maps , and a story mode , which allows the player to fight a series of battles in between short movies that move the plot along . The plot of the story mode is loosely based on the comic story `` Operation : Zero Tolerance '' .

neg: X-Men Forever X-Men Forever is the name of three comic book series published by Marvel Comics featuring the mutant superhero group the X-Men . The first is a 2001 miniseries , unrelated to the others . The second and third are the work of writer Chris Claremont .

neg: Batman: Mask of the Phantasm Batman : Mask of the Phantasm ( also known as Batman : The Animated Movie ) is a 1993 American animated neo-noir superhero mystery film feauring the DC Comics character Batman . Directed by Eric Radomski and Bruce Timm , it is based on the hit TV series Batman : The Animated Series and was distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . The film was written by Alan Burnett , Paul Dini , Martin Pasko and Michael Reaves and stars the vocal talents of Kevin Conroy , Mark Hamill and Efrem Zimbalist , Jr. ( all reprising their roles from The Animated Series ) , in addition to Dana Delany , Hart Bochner , Stacy Keach , and Abe Vigoda . It revolves around Batman attempting to apprehend a mysterious vigilante who 's murdering Gotham City 's crime bosses .   The film was originally thought of as a direct-to-video release . Warner Bros. ultimately decided for a theatrical release , giving the filmmakers a strenuous eight-month schedule . Mask of the Phantasm was released on December 25 , 1993 to widespread acclaim from critics , who praised the animation , voice performances , storyline and music , among others . However , due to the decision to release the film in theaters on such short notice , it failed at the box office .   After its release on home video , the film found cult success and over the years developed a cult following . The film 's success led to two direct-to-video standalone sequels , Batman & Mr. Freeze : SubZero in 1997 and Mystery of the Batwoman in 2003 . In recent years , many publications including Time , IGN and WhatCulture , have ranked it as one of the best Batman films ever made and among the best animated films ever made .

neg: Hellfire Club (comics) The Hellfire Club is a fictional society appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Hellfire Club often comes into confrontation with the mutant superhero team , the X-Men . Although the Club appears to merely be an international social club for wealthy elites , its clandestine Inner Circle seeks to influence world events , in accordance with their own agenda .   Created by the Uncanny X-Men writer/artist duo of Chris Claremont and John Byrne , they were heavily influenced by a 1966 episode of the British television series The Avengers ( `` A Touch of Brimstone '' ) . The name `` Hellfire Club '' in fact has a historical precedent , having been a popular name for gentlemen 's clubs in the 18th century . Additionally , the hierarchy of the Inner Circle is modeled on the pieces of a chess set , with Black and White sets of Kings , Queens , Bishops and Rooks .   The Hellfire Club and its Inner Circle were introduced in `` The Dark Phoenix Saga '' , attempting to subvert the X-Men 's Jean Grey . This incarnation , composed most notably of Black King Sebastian Shaw and White Queen Emma Frost , would remain prominent for many years . After their initial confrontations , the Hellfire Club and the X-Men settled into an uneasy alliance . This eventually changed as endless power struggles perpetuated a series of upheavals within the Inner Circle . The club has appeared in two X-Men animated series ( X-Men : The Animated Series and Wolverine and the X-Men ) , both times being renamed as simply The Inner Circle , due to the hesitations to use the word Hellfire in animated children series . Members of the Hellfire Club appeared in 2011 's X-Men : First Class as the main villains , led by Sebastian Shaw and Emma Frost .


query: San Junipero is from Britain.

pos: San Junipero `` San Junipero '' is the fourth episode of the third series of British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror . Written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by Owen Harris , it premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016 , together with the rest of series three .   The episode , set in 1987 in a beach resort town named San Junipero , tells the story of Yorkie ( Mackenzie Davis ) , a shy young woman visiting the town and falling in love with a regular visitor , Kelly ( Gugu Mbatha-Raw ) .   It received critical acclaim , with many calling it the best episode of series three and for being more cheerful and positive than other Black Mirror episodes . The episode won the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Individual Episode .

neg: Cockburn's Port House Cockburn 's Port ( -LSB- ˈkoʊbɜrnz -RSB- ) is a port producer in Portugal .   Cockburn 's was set up by Scotsman Robert Cockburn in 1815 , who returned to Portugal after first visiting the country as a soldier fighting under Wellington in the Napoleonic Wars . It later became a major brand of port in the 19th and 20th centuries .   In 1962 , the family sold the company to Harvey 's of Bristol , which itself then became part of Allied Domecq until 2005 , when Allied Domecq was taken over by Pernod Ricard , which sold Cockburn 's and some other brands to the Fortune Brands holding company ( the parent company of Beam Global ) . In 2010 Cockburn 's was sold to Symington Family Estates , a family-owned business that owns over 1,006 hectares ( 2,400 acres ) of vineyards in the Douro valley .

neg: British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state .   The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus .   Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory .   Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) .   the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .

neg: Sir John Scott, 5th Baronet Sir Walter John `` Johnny '' Scott , 5th Baronet ( born 1948 ) succeeded his father Sir Walter Scott as baronet in 1992 . He is a natural historian , broadcaster , columnist , countryside campaigner and farmer .   He is currently :  Joint Master , The North Pennine Hunt  Founder Member , The Cholmondeley Coursing Club  President , The Union of Country Sports Workers  President , The Gamekeepers Welfare Trust  President , The Tay Valley Wildfowlers Association  Vice President , The Heather Trust  Patron , The Sporting Lucas Terrier Association  Patron , The Wildlife Ark Trust  Centenary Patron , British Association for Shooting and Conservation .  Patron , The National Association of Beaters and Pickers Up  Board member , The European Squirrel Federation   Sir John is best known for writing and co-presenting the BBC2 series Clarissa and the Countryman , with the late Clarissa Dickson Wright . He currently writes for a variety of magazines and periodicals on field sports , food , farming , travel , history and the countryside .

neg: Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951 . Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a `` triumphant success '' as people :  flocked to the South Bank site , to wander around the Dome of Discovery , gaze at the Skylon , and generally enjoy a festival of national celebration . Up and down the land , lesser festivals enlisted much civic and voluntary enthusiasm . A people curbed by years of total war and half-crushed by austerity and gloom , showed that it had not lost the capacity for enjoying itself ... Above all , the Festival made a spectacular setting as a showpiece for the inventiveness and genius of British scientists and technologists .   Labour cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover ; in 1947 he started with the original plan to celebrate the centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . However it was not to be another World Fair , for international themes were absent , as was the British Commonwealth . Instead the 1951 festival focused entirely on Britain and its achievements ; it was funded chiefly by the government , with a budget of # 12 million . The Labour government was losing support and so the implicit goal of the festival was to give the people a feeling of successful recovery from the war 's devastation , as well as promoting British science , technology , industrial design , architecture and the arts .   The Festival 's centrepiece was in London on the South Bank of the Thames . There were events in Poplar ( Architecture ) , Battersea ( The Festival Pleasure Gardens ) , South Kensington ( Science ) and Glasgow ( Industrial Power ) . Festival celebrations took place in Cardiff , Stratford-upon-Avon , Bath , Perth , Bournemouth , York , Aldeburgh , Inverness , Cheltenham , Oxford , Norwich , Canterbury and elsewhere and there were touring exhibitions by land and sea .   The Festival became a `` beacon for change '' that proved immensely popular with thousands of elite visitors and millions of popular ones . It helped reshape British arts , crafts , designs and sports for a generation . Journalist Harry Hopkins highlights the widespread impact of the `` Festival style '' . They called it `` Contemporary '' . It was :  clean , bright and new ... . It caught hold quickly and spread first across London and then across England ... In an island hitherto largely given up to gravy browns and dull greens , `` Contemporary '' boldly espoused strong primary colors .

neg: St Cuthbert Gospel The St Cuthbert Gospel , also known as the Stonyhurst Gospel or the St Cuthbert Gospel of St John , is an early 8th-century pocket gospel book , written in Latin . Its finely decorated leather binding is the earliest known Western bookbinding to survive , and both the 94 vellum folios and the binding are in outstanding condition for a book of this age . With a page size of only 138 x , the St Cuthbert Gospel is one of the smallest surviving Anglo-Saxon manuscripts . The essentially undecorated text is the Gospel of John in Latin , written in a script that has been regarded as a model of elegant simplicity .   The book takes its name from Saint Cuthbert of Lindisfarne , North East England , in whose tomb it was placed , probably a few years after his death in 687 . Although it was long regarded as Cuthbert 's personal copy of the Gospel , to which there are early references , and so a relic of the saint , the book is now thought to date from shortly after Cuthbert 's death . It was probably a gift from Monkwearmouth -- Jarrow Abbey , where it was written , intended to be placed in St Cuthbert 's coffin in the few decades after this was placed behind the altar at Lindisfarne in 698 . It presumably remained in the coffin through its long travels after 875 , forced by Viking invasions , ending at Durham Cathedral . The book was found inside the coffin and removed in 1104 when the burial was once again moved within the cathedral . It was kept there with other relics , and important visitors were able to wear the book in a leather bag around their necks . It is thought that after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in England by Henry VIII between 1536 and 1541 , the book passed to collectors . It was eventually given to Stonyhurst College , the Jesuit school in Lancashire .   From 1979 it was on long-term loan from the British province of the Jesuit order to the British Library , catalogued as Loan 74 . On 14 July 2011 the British Library launched a fundraising campaign to buy the book for # 9 million , and on 17 April 2012 announced that the purchase had been completed and the book was now British Library Additional MS 89000 .   The library plans to display the Gospel for equal amounts of time in London and Durham . It describes the manuscript as `` the earliest surviving intact European book and one of the world 's most significant books '' . The Cuthbert Gospel returned to Durham to feature in exhibitions in 2013 and 2014 . In 2017 it was `` resting '' off display , but it will be in British Library 's Anglo-Saxon exhibition in autumn 2018 . A new book on the gospel was published in 2015 , incorporating the results of research since the purchase ; among other things this pushed the likely date from the late 7th to the early 8th century , perhaps as late as 730 .

neg: St Peter the Great St Peter the Great is a suburb of the City of Worcester in Worcestershire , England . It is almost due south of the city centre , on the east side of the river Severn , and due south of the Cathedral . Maps of the area in 1977 show just a main road and a single country road with a few cottages . Now it has a growing population which was recorded as 5,620 in 2001 .   The parish is named after the church of St Peter the Great . The parish of the church had two parts - St Peter the Great City and St Peter the Great County . St Peter the Great County was originally the part of St Peter 's parish outside the City of Worcester . When the church of St Peter the Great in Sidbury was closed and demolished , the parish of St Peter was joined with that of St Martin , and the new parish of St Martin with St Peter came into existence in 1974 . St Peter the Great church ( so named due to a second St Peter church the other side of the cathedral ) was located between King Street and Sidbury but was closed in 1972 and demolished in 1976 . The congregation and the war memorial were transferred to St Martin church on the London Road . The original church site is now housing and a car park ( 2016 ) . The nearby junior school of St Peter 's was closed during the 1960s , the buildings were purchased by Worcester Porcelain factory and now houses the Museum of Royal Worcester .   St Peter the Great County Parish was established as a Civil Parish around 1993/1994 when the area was annexed to the City of Worcester under the Local Government Act 1972 , in 1974 , having previously formed part of Pershore Rural District .   St Peter the Great , or `` St Peters '' as it is commonly abbreviated to , is mainly a large housing estate with a large Tesco superstore , a petrol station and a small shopping area containing a convenience store , a Chinese takeaway , a chip shop , a dentist , a beauty salon , chemist , dry cleaner , charity shop and a part-time GP surgery close to the village hall . In 2007 , despite objections from some local residents , a Baptist church opened close to the centre of the estate , the church centre is used for worship , meetings and youth activities also meetings of other groups .   The parish is within a mile of Junction 7 of the M5 motorway and within three miles of the centre of Worcester .   In September 2013 , a large scale planning request was made to the County Council to build further dwellings , together with commercial and light industrial buildings .

neg: Juniper carpet The juniper carpet ( Thera juniperata ) is a moth of the family Geometridae . It is found throughout Europe and the Near East , but is rather uncommon and locally distributed , mainly due to its very specific larval food plant .   The nominate race has a wingspan of 26 -- 29 mm but smaller races occur in Ireland and Scotland . The forewings are light brown with a darker shaded band and a very distinctive black apical streak . The hindwings are pale buff . It is active at night from September to November , but rarely flies any great distance though it occasionally comes to light .   The larva feeds exclusively on junipers . The species overwinters as an egg .   The flight season refers to the British Isles . This may vary in other parts of the range .

neg: Sheriff's March The Sheriff 's March was an annual procession at Gateshead Fell , County Durham .   Medieval Britain operated under a strict feudal system . Society was rigidly structured in a pyramidal form with the King ( or Queen ) at the apex as the highest authority in the land , ordinary citizens at the bottom with a variety of Lords , Bishops , Judges and other noblemen and landowners ranking variously in between . Allegiance and subservience to the Crown was required by all men and women at all times and on most occasions was demonstrated by the swearing of oaths . One such occasion occurred twice a year , when the Sheriff of Northumberland met with the Crown Judges who came to Newcastle upon Tyne and sat on the Assizes to hear any legal matters which required their attention . To further emphasise the importance and solemnity of these visitations , a procession was to be held prior to the official meeting of the parties .   At an inquisition at Tynemouth in 1278 , it was duly declared that the King of Scotland , the Archbishop of York , the Prior of Tynemouth , the Bishop of Durham and Gilbert de Umfraville , Earl of Angus should arrange to meet with the justices prior to their entry into Newcastle , provided that they came through the county of Yorkshire first .   On the appointed day , usually a Saturday , the procession of these learned men would take place , starting in Newcastle upon Tyne before crossing the River Tyne and passing into Gateshead . After a short refreshment break , - at Sheriff Mount , the procession then made its way slowly up the old ( and remarkably steep ) turnpike road until all concerned parties came to the designated meeting place . This was initially established at Chile Well , but latterly the procession came to `` light and go into the house '' .   The house in question was Ye Olde Cannon , located on the turnpike road at the crest of Gateshead Fell . This place was chosen because of the convenience of both the gentry of Northumberland and for the judges journeying from -LSB- -LSB- Durham , the sheriff having used the stables at Sheriff Mount - to change horse before the hill climb , this is a detached Victorian villa built and known as Sheriff Mount North & Sheriff Mount South - the large Mount stone bears presence to this fact , IHe rode uphill onward to the olde canon  The guy who compiled this is clearly not owning the house , and knows not the entire truth   England | Durham -RSB- -RSB- and it was there that wine and punch were again served to the members of the precession at the expense of the Sheriffs who would wait there until the judges made their arrival . Once they had done so , all would return to Newcastle upon Tyne .   It is not known for certain whether or not Chile Well was situated on the old turnpike road , but it is certainly possible that the two meeting points were one and the same place . A well was for many years situated across the road from the Cannon and this certainly lends credence to the possibility that the sites were , in fact , the same . Intriguingly , the well was inscribed :   `` As cold waters to a thirsty soulSo is good news from a far country . ''   This procession took place for over five hundred years , even continuing after the English Civil War in the seventeenth century had effectively destroyed the feudal system as the principal means of rule in Britain . Indeed , the procession was held until 1825 when , upon the completion of the far less steep turnpike road through Low Fell , the procession was rerouted and the meeting place became The New Cannon situated at the junction between the turnpike road and the Low Fell Road ( now Beaconsfield Road and Belle Vue Bank ) .   In 1832 , miners at the Sheriff Hill Colliery went on strike in protest of pay and the dangerous conditions at the colliery . When the Sheriff 's March reached the area of Gateshead Fell , they were confronted by angry workers carrying a banner depicting a rat taking cheese from the working men Shortly after , a Commons bill in 1838 abolished such processions and so the tradition was halted and the travelling dignitaries had to be accommodated at the expense of their hosts . An attempt to revive the procession in 1845 by the High Sheriff , Ralph Carr Elison , was largely abortive and no further attempt was made .   It is as a direct result of the `` Sheriff 's March '' that the area around Ye Olde Cannon and the old turnpike road became known as Sheriff Hill .

neg: Gatehouse of Fleet Gatehouse of Fleet ( Gatehoose o Fleet Taigh an Rathaid ) is a town in the Civil Parish of Girthon , Kirkcudbrightshire , within the District Council Region of Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland , which has existed since the mid-18th century , although the area has been inhabited since much earlier . Much of its development was attributable to the entrepreneur James Murray 's decision to build his summer home , Cally ( now a hotel ) , there in 1765 .   Over the next hundred years , the town developed into a centre for industry , particularly cotton mills . The western approach to the town is dominated by the imposing Cardoness Castle . Gatehouse of Fleet is the birthplace of Victorian artist John Faed . The renowned inventor of clockwork mechanisms , Robert Williamson was also known to have set up a workshop in the town in 1778 , which burned to the ground ( and claimed his life ) in 1794 .   The town takes its name from its location near the mouth of the river called the Water of Fleet which empties into Wigtown Bay at Fleet Bay , and its former role as the `` Gait House '' or `` the House on the Road on the River Fleet '' or toll booth of the late 18th century stagecoach route from Dumfries to Stranraer , now the A75 road . It was a haven along this route , and travellers would often stop in the area rather than furthering the journey at night due to the high numbers of bandits and highwaymen at the time .   The settlement of Anwoth is one mile ( 1.5 km ) to the west of Gatehouse of Fleet ; this is where Samuel Rutherford was minister from 1627 to 1636 .   Gatehouse has the second oldest average population of towns in Scotland .

neg: List of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain, 1720–39 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain for the years 1720 -- 1739 . For Acts passed up until 1707 see List of Acts of the Parliament of England and List of Acts of the Parliament of Scotland . See also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland to 1700 and the List of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland , 1701 -- 1800 .   For Acts passed from 1801 onwards see List of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . For Acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom , see the List of Acts of the Scottish Parliament from 1999 , the List of Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly , and the List of Acts and Measures of the National Assembly for Wales ; see also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland .   The number shown after each Act 's title is its chapter number . Acts are cited using this number , preceded by the year ( s ) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held ; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as `` 39 & 40 Geo . 3 c. 67 '' , meaning the 67th Act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign . Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations ( thus `` 41 Geo . 3 '' rather than `` 41 Geo . III '' ) . Note also that Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as `` 41 Geo . 3 '' .   Acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain did not have a short title ; however , some of these Acts have subsequently been given a short title by Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( such as the Short Titles Act 1896 ) .   Before the Acts of Parliament ( Commencement ) Act 1793 came into force on 8 April 1793 , Acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain were deemed to have come into effect on the first day of the session in which they were passed . Because of this , the years given in the list below may in fact be the year before a particular Act was passed .

neg: Sciadopitys Sciadopitys verticillata , koyamaki , or Japanese umbrella-pine , is a unique conifer endemic to Japan . It is the sole member of the family Sciadopityaceae and genus Sciadopitys , a living fossil with no close relatives , and known in the fossil record for about 230 million years .   Its genus name comes from the Greek prefix sciado - meaning `` shadow '' and pitys , meaning `` pine '' ; the specific epithet means `` with whorls '' .   It is an evergreen tree that can grow 15 -- 27 m tall , with brown main shoots bearing whorls of 7 -- 12 cm long flexible green cladode that look like , and perform the function of , leaves but are actually composed of stem tissues ; occasionally , a cladode will be forked and produce a bud in the ` v ' of the fork . The cones are 6 -- 11 cm long , mature in about 18 months , and have flattish scales that open to release the seeds .   It is a very attractive tree and is popular in gardens , despite its slow growth rate .   Koyamaki was chosen as the Japanese Imperial crest for Prince Hisahito of Akishino , currently third in line to the Chrysanthemum Throne .   The plant was first introduced to Europe by John Gould Veitch in September 1860 .   There is debate on what plant family Baltic amber was produced by , with macrofossil and microflossil evidence suggesting a Pinus relative , while chemical and infrared microspectroscopy evidence suggests relatives of either Agathis or Sciadopitys .

neg: Joppa, Edinburgh Joppa is an eastern suburb of Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland . It is bounded on the north by the coast of the Firth of Forth , on the west by Portobello of which it was a suburb when Portobello was a burgh , to the south by the open area south of Milton Road and to the east by Musselburgh in East Lothian . The name `` Joppa '' appears in the late 18th century and is of uncertain origin . One possibility is from the coastal Biblical town of Joppa ( a latinization of its 4th century Greek name Ἰόππη ) ; this is now known as Israeli city of Yafo or Jaffa .   Joppa is now largely residential , but salt was once produced from sea water by evaporation at Joppa Pans . Practically nothing remains of the industrial buildings but Rockville , formerly the owner 's / manager 's house and now a hotel and Rock Cottage . Some light industry has operated from the area near the former station in Brunstane Road , and at Eastfield . Many of the larger houses near the seafront date from the mid to late 19th century , with extensive later areas further inland built up in the mid 20th century .   While the last cable cars were in use in Edinburgh , a line ran through to Joppa , where it connected with the Musselburgh electric tram line . The two lines joined together in 1923 when the Edinburgh system was converted to electricity , and through trams then ran from Levenhall in Musselburgh to Waterloo Place in Edinburgh .   Joppa 's skyline is dominated by the 165 ft spire of Portobello and Joppa Parish Church ( formerly St Philip 's Church ) , situated on the corner of Brunstane Road North . It is built from Binny Stone in the Early Decorated style by John Honeyman ( 1831-1914 ) and was completed in 1877 . On 2 December 1998 a fire destroyed the roof and much of the interior . It is now fully restored .   On 16 October 1939 the Luftwaffe made a daylight air raid up the Forth to bomb British battleships ( HMS Edinburgh , HMS Mohawk and HMS Southampton ) at Rosyth . This was the first daylight air raid on Britain . Houses in Morton Street were damaged as a result . The German pilots shot down during the raid were buried , following a ceremony at St Philip 's Church , in Portobello Cemetery which lies on Milton Road East . They were the first enemy casualties of the Second World War to be buried on British soil .   The main attractions are now the Joppa Rocks , for their geological interest , and Portobello Beach on the seafront .   In 1789 Christopher Girtanner is noted as having a `` salt manufactory '' at Joppa Pans .

neg: London Boy Singers The London Boy Singers was an English boys ' choir which formed in 1961 . It initially drew its members from the Finchley Children 's Music Group . The choir was started at the suggestion of Benjamin Britten , who was its first president .   In the beginning the choir was run by a group of three adults : John Andrewes , who also led the Finchley Children 's Music Group , Rosamund Strode , a musician , singer and later assistant to Britten , and Jonathan Steele , deputy to George Malcolm at Westminster Cathedral . Jonathan Steele soon became the conductor and leader of the London Boy Singers .   The choir sang at the Aldeburgh Festival on a number of occasions . It sang in Westminster Abbey in the first London performance of Britten 's War Requiem in 1962 . The group performed at the Royal Albert Hall in 1964 and 1974 .   Many of its singers took part in other events , including working with the Royal Opera House ( including Britten 's ' A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the premiere of Aston 's ballet ` The Dream ' , both in 1964 ) , Covent Garden , the English Opera Group ( including a tour of the USSR in 1964 ) and many individual operas and other engagements .   The choir sang on a record of Christmas Music for HMV , released in 1965 . It also recorded an EP of songs with the London Jazz Quartet which featured on Juke Box Jury .   Britten wrote 12 Apostles : Choral Octavo and The Bitter Withy for the choir and his arrangement of King Herod and the Cock '' was dedicated to it . In 1966 , Britten severed his relationship with the group . Jonathan Steele remained its director into the 1970s . The choir no longer exists .

neg: Grevillea juniperina Grevillea juniperina , commonly known as juniper - or juniper-leaf grevillea or prickly spider-flower , is a plant of the family Proteaceae native to eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland in Australia . Scottish botanist Robert Brown described the species in 1810 , and seven subspecies are recognised . One subspecies , G. j. juniperina , is restricted to Western Sydney and environs and is threatened by loss of habitat and housing development .   A small prickly-leaved shrub between 0.2 and 3 m ( 8 in to 10 ft ) high , G. juniperina grows generally on clay-based or alluvial soils in eucalypt woodland . The flower heads , known as inflorescences , appear from winter to early summer and are red , orange or yellow . Birds visit and pollinate the flowers . Grevillea juniperina plants are killed by bushfire , regenerating afterwards from seed . Grevillea juniperina adapts readily to cultivation and has been important in horticulture as it is the parent of many popular garden hybrids .

neg: Geology of South Wales South Wales is an area with many features of outstanding interest to geologists , who have for long used the area for University field trips .   This varied and accessible region has provided a written record of geological interest that dates to the 12th century , when Giraldus Cambrensis noted pyritous shales near Newport . Some of the first published representations of fossils were of fossil plants from coal measures near Neath ( Gibson late 17th century ) . The British geologists Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison did fundamentally important work in South Wales on Old Red Sandstone and the underlying rocks . The first volume of memoirs ( 1846 ) published by the Geological Survey contained a conspectus of the geology of South Wales that set a template for all future work .   Significant discoveries continue to be made . For instance , in Carmarthenshire , in the late 70s , John Cope detected a small area of Precambrian and Cambrian rocks . Other parts of South Wales , however , have not seen a Geological Survey officer since the mid-19th century . The geology of south Wales was central to the massive contribution Wales made to the Industrial Revolution .   Several successive periods are represented , including all of the Palaeozoic periods . Pembrokeshire has outcrops of both Precambrian and Cambrian ( 542-488 million years ago ) rocks . A notable feature of the Ordovician system ( 488-444 million years old ) is a major subsidence area , or basin , which later filled with substantial thicknesses of mostly sandy and muddy sediment . The line of the shallower continental shelf area , to the south-east , ran approximately from the Long Mynd ( in Shropshire ) to Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire . Some volcanic action also occurred . This thick sedimentary deposition continued into the Silurian period ( 444-416 million years old ) . Silurian volcanicity led to production of lavas at localised sites such as Skomer Island .   Silurian rocks are widely distributed in south Wales and are well displayed on the Cardiganshire coast . The Silurian and earlier rocks were folded , faulted , and distorted several times , notably during the late Ordovician , and late Silurian , by which time the area had begun to rise above sea level as mountain ranges were uplifted to the north-west . This was caused by the collision of a proto-North America ( `` Laurentia '' ) and the present southern Britain ( `` Eastern Avalonia '' ) . The intervening sea , the Iapetus Ocean , closed as a result of plate tectonic movements , similar to those that now close the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Africa .   The succeeding Devonian period ( 416-359 million years ago ) saw mostly alluvial deposits ( `` Old Red Sandstone '' ) , which were interrupted by major uplift . Following this , the land subsided again in the Carboniferous period ( 359-299 million years ago ) . In the early Carboniferous period , limestones were deposited on a continental shelf , which deepened towards the south where there was a major sea area . During earth movements caused by the approach of a continent from the south , sea shallowing led to thick alluvial and coastal plain sediments ( see below ) containing economic developments of coal . Carboniferous Limestone outcrops occur in south Pembrokeshire , the Gower Peninsula , the Vale of Glamorgan and around the edge of the coalfield .   At the end of the Carboniferous , during Permian ( 299-251 my ago ) time , Wales is thought to have been a landmass . Only in late Triassic ( 251-200 my ago ) times did deposition return , with coarse-grained screes forming around a series of low but rugged hills . Continuing deposition led to the formation of the early Jurassic deposits of mudstones and muddy limestones ( the `` Lias '' ) . Deposits later than this are almost completely absent , although the Chalk sea probably covered most of Wales between 100 and 66 million years ago . Any such later deposits have been eroded away .   One of the geological rarities of south Wales is the coastline of St Brides Major at Ogmore-by-Sea and Southerndown . Its cliffs are composed partly of earliest Jurassic Sutton stone , a rare freestone that is a marginal or coastal deposit derived in part from erosion of carboniferous limestone . Sutton stone has always been highly regarded : as well as being used in construction throughout the Vale of Glamorgan , it was also shipped over the Bristol Channel to North Devon and North Cornwall , which are both deficient in limestone .   A major geological feature of the Upper Carboniferous rocks in south Wales is the south Wales coalfield . The rocks comprising this important area were laid down during the later Carboniferous . This sedimentary succession includes a sequence with a thickness of more than 1800 m in the west . The coal measures were laid down on a low-lying waterlogged plain with peat mires immediately south of an ancient and persistent geological feature known as the Wales-London-Brabant High . Burial converted the peat deposits to thinner coal seams . Later earth movements distorted the coal-bearing strata , and the difficulty of mining led to premature closure of many mines on economic grounds , especially in Pembrokeshire where seams were squeezed completely out of shape .

neg: John o' Groats John o ' Groats ( Taigh Iain Ghròt ) is a village lying 2.5 mi NE of the village of Canisbay , Caithness , in the far north of Scotland . John o ' Groats lies on Britain 's northeastern tip , and is popular with tourists as one end of the longest distance between two inhabited British points on the mainland , with Land 's End in Cornwall lying 876 mi to the southwest . It is not quite the most northerly point on the island of Britain ( nearby Dunnet Head is further north ) .   John o ' Groats is 690 mi from London , 280 mi from Edinburgh , 6 mi from the Orkney Isles and 2200 mi from the North Pole . It is 4.25 mi from the uninhabited island of Stroma .   A passenger ferry operates from John o ' Groats to Burwick on South Ronaldsay in Orkney .

neg: Hyacinthoides non-scripta Hyacinthoides non-scripta ( formerly Endymion non-scriptus or Scilla non-scripta ) is a bulbous perennial plant , found in Atlantic areas from north-western Spain to the British Isles , and also frequently used as a garden plant . It is known in English as the common bluebell or simply bluebell , a name which is used in Scotland to refer to the harebell , Campanula rotundifolia . In spring , H. non-scripta produces a nodding , one-sided inflorescence of 5 -- 12 tubular , sweet-scented violet -- blue flowers , with strongly recurved tepals , and 3 -- 6 long , linear , basal leaves .   H. non-scripta is particularly associated with ancient woodland where it may dominate the understorey to produce carpets of violet -- blue flowers in `` bluebell woods '' , but also occurs in more open habitats in western regions . It is protected under UK law , and in some other parts of its range . A related species , H. hispanica has also been introduced to the British Isles and hybridises with H. non-scripta to produce intermediates known as -LSB- -LSB- Hyacinthoides × massartiana | H. × massartiana -RSB- -RSB- .

neg: Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop 's Grounds is an 1823 painting by the nineteenth-century landscape painter John Constable ( 1776 -- 1837 ) . This image of Salisbury Cathedral , one of England 's most famous medieval churches , is one of his most celebrated works , and was commissioned by one of his closest friends , John Fisher , The Bishop of Salisbury .   Constable visited Salisbury in 1820 and made a series of oil sketches of the cathedral , which served as the model for this composition . The artist selected a viewpoint from the bishop 's garden and included figures of Dr. Fisher and his wife at the bottom left . Following its exhibition at the 1823 Royal Academy , Constable observed : `` My Cathedral looks very well ... It was the most difficult subject in Landscape I ever had upon my Easel . I have not flinched at the work of the windows , buttresses , & c. - but I have as usual made my escape in the Evanescence of the Chiaro-Oscuro '' . His patron took exception to the dark cloud over the cathedral , and when he commissioned a smaller replica , requested `` a more serene sky '' .   The painting embodies the full range of qualities of a quintessentially British landscape painting -- the clouds , trees , a water meadow , cattle drinking at the edge of the pasture and the glorious architecture of a medieval cathedral -- but all on a human scale . Paintings like this one have so conditioned our view of rural Britain that it is now difficult to imagine a time when the countryside and country life were not held in such high regard .   A version of the painting also resides at the Frick Collection in New York City . It is slightly different in that it shows different weather and hence light . Whereas the London version depicts the cathedral with an overcast sky , the version in the Frick shows the cathedral with a clear , bright sky .   A small version of the painting resides at the Huntington Library in San Marino , California . John Fisher gave it to his daughter as a wedding present .   There is an earlier , homonymous version ( 1821-1822 ) of this painting at São Paulo Museum of Art in São Paulo . It is said that Fisher , seeing its sombre and grave colors , disliked it and asked for a happier , lighter one .

neg: Beverley Beverley is a market town , civil parish and the county town of the East Riding of Yorkshire , England . The town is noted for Beverley Minster , Beverley Westwood , North Bar ( a 15th-century gate ) and Beverley Racecourse . Its namesake serves as the origins for the cities of Beverly , Massachusetts , and , in turn , Beverly Hills in California .   The town was originally known as Inderawuda and was founded around 700 AD by Saint John of Beverley during the time of the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria . After a period of Viking control , it passed to the Cerdic dynasty , a period during which it gained prominence in terms of religious importance in Great Britain . It continued to grow especially under the Normans when its trading industry was first established . A place of pilgrimage throughout the Middle Ages due to its founder , it eventually became a notable wool-trading town . Beverley was once the tenth-largest town in England , as well as one of the richest , because of its wool and the pilgrims who came to venerate its founding saint , John of Beverley . After the Reformation , the regional stature of Beverley was much reduced .   In the 20th century , Beverley was the administrative centre of the local government district of the Borough of Beverley ( 1974 -- 1996 ) . It is now the county town of the East Riding , located 8 mi north-west of Hull , 10 mi east of Market Weighton and 12 mi west of Hornsea . According to the 2001 United Kingdom census the total population of the urban area of Beverley was 29,110 -- of whom 17,549 live within the historic parish boundaries . The population of the parish had risen to 18,624 at the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census .   As well as its racecourse and markets , Beverley is known in the modern day for hosting various food and music festivals throughout the year .

neg: St Johns, Worcester St John 's is a large suburb of Worcester , England , west of the city centre and the River Severn . It became part of the City of Worcester in 1837 . The area is locally referred to as the `` Village in the City '' which is partly due to the area being an independent township before joining the city . Although there is still a strong sense of regional pride and identity within the community it seems that there is no plan to regain independent status .   St John 's is a suburb of the City of Worcester , the largest settlement and administrative seat in Worcestershire . It constitutes as one of the 15 wards in the city . The A44 is the road which runs through the area ; is the most direct route from City of Worcester to Leominster , Herefordshire .   St John 's is roughly 1093.6 yards west from the centre of Worcester and is made up of the area surrounding St John 's church , a short part of Bromyard Road , Bransford Road and Bromwich Lane . However , the west of the River Severn is often wholly referred to as St John 's , therefore encompassing the University , the county ground and Cripplegate Park .


query: Alex Rodriguez never hit a home run.

pos: Alex Rodriguez Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez ( born July 27 , 1975 ) , nicknamed `` A-Rod '' , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman . He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Texas Rangers , and New York Yankees . Rodriguez was one of the sport 's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time . During his 22-year career , Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average , 696 home runs , over 2,000 runs batted in ( RBI ) , over 2,000 runs scored , and over 3,000 hits . He is a 14-time All-Star and has won three American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten Silver Slugger Awards , and two Gold Glove Awards . Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25 . However , he has led a highly controversial career due to signing two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history while incurring criticism from the media for his behavior and use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs .   The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft , and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18 . In 1996 , he became the Mariners ' starting shortstop and finished second in voting for the AL MVP Award . Rodriguez 's combination of power , speed , and defense made him a cornerstone of the franchise , but he left the team via free agency after the 2000 season to join the Rangers . The 10-year , $ 252 million contract he signed was the richest in baseball history . He played at a high level in his three years with Texas , highlighted by his first AL MVP Award win in 2003 , but the team failed to make the playoffs during his tenure . Prior to the 2004 season , Rodriguez was traded to the Yankees , for whom he converted to a third baseman due to incumbent shortstop Derek Jeter . In his first four seasons with New York , he was twice more named AL MVP . After opting out of his contract following the 2007 season , Rodriguez signed a new 10-year , $ 275 million deal with the Yankees , extending his record for the sport 's most lucrative contract . He became the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs , reaching the milestone in 2007 . He won his first World Series in 2009 , which was the first year of the new Yankee Stadium . The following year , he became the career leader in home runs by a player of Hispanic descent . In recent years , Rodriguez has been hampered by hip and knee injuries , which have caused him to exclusively become a designated hitter . He played his final game as a Yankee on August 12 , 2016 .   In February 2009 , after previously denying use of performance-enhancing drugs , including during a 2007 interview with Katie Couric on 60 Minutes , Rodriguez admitted to using steroids , saying he used them from 2001 to 2003 when playing for Rangers due to `` an enormous amount of pressure '' to perform . While recovering from a hip injury in 2013 , Rodriguez made headlines by feuding with team management over his rehabilitation and for having allegedly obtained performance-enhancing drugs as part of the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In August 2013 , MLB suspended him 211 games for his involvement in the scandal , but he was allowed to play while appealing the punishment . Had the original suspension been upheld , it would have been the longest non-lifetime suspension in Major League Baseball history . After an arbitration hearing , the suspension was reduced to 162 games , keeping him off the field for the entire 2014 season .

neg: Montreal Expos The Montreal Expos ( Les Expos de Montréal ) were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Expos were the first Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise located outside the United States . They played in the National League ( NL ) East Division from 1969 until 2004 . Following the 2004 season , the franchise relocated to Washington , D.C. , and became the Washington Nationals .   Immediately after the minor league Triple-A Montreal Royals folded in 1960 , political leaders in Montreal sought an MLB franchise , and when the National League evaluated expansion candidates for the 1969 season , it awarded a team to Montreal . Named after the Expo 67 World 's Fair , the Expos originally played at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977 . The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons . The team won its only division title in the strike-shortened season , but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series ( NLCS ) to the Los Angeles Dodgers . The team was sold in 1991 by its majority , founding owner , Charles Bronfman , to a consortium headed by Claude Brochu . Felipe Alou was promoted to the team 's field manager in 1992 , becoming MLB 's first Dominican-born manager . He led the team to four winning seasons , including , where the Expos had the best record in baseball before a players ' strike ended the season . Alou became the Expos leader in games managed ( 1409 ) .   The aftermath of the 1994 strike initiated a downward spiral as the Expos chose to sell off their best players , and attendance and interest in the team declined . Major League Baseball purchased the team prior to the 2002 season after the club failed to secure funding for a new ballpark . In their final two seasons , the team played 22 home games each year at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan , Puerto Rico . On September 29 , 2004 , MLB announced the franchise would relocate to Washington , D.C. for the season , and the Expos played their final home game in Montreal .   The Expos posted an all-time record of 2,753 wins , 2,943 losses and 4 ties during their 36 years in Montreal . Vladimir Guerrero led the franchise in both home runs and batting average , and Steve Rogers in wins and strikeouts . Three pitchers threw four no-hitters : Bill Stoneman ( twice ) , Charlie Lea , and Dennis Martínez , who pitched the 13th official perfect game in Major League Baseball history . The Expos retired four numbers in Montreal , and seven former members have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame , with Gary Carter and Andre Dawson 's plaques depicting them with Expos caps .

neg: Ian Kinsler Ian Michael Kinsler ( born June 22 , 1982 ) is an American professional baseball second baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He formerly played for the Texas Rangers . He is listed at 6 ft and 200 lbs .   Despite having been drafted in only the 17th round out of college , Kinsler has risen to become a four-time All Star , and a member of the Sporting News ' 2009 list of the 50 greatest current players in baseball . He is known as a five-tool player , hitting for average and power , and excelling in baserunning , throwing , and fielding .   Kinsler has twice hit 30 home runs and stolen 30 bases in the same season ( 2009 and 2011 ) , and is one of 12 ballplayers in major league history who have had multiple 30 -- 30 club seasons . In 2011 , he also joined the 20 -- 20 club for the third time , one season shy of the major league record for a second baseman . He hit for the cycle in a game in 2009 , while getting hits in all six of his at-bats .   Through 2013 , Kinsler led the Texas Rangers , all-time , career-wise , in stolen bases and power-speed number . In November 2013 , Kinsler was traded to the Detroit Tigers for Prince Fielder . Through 2016 , on defense Kinsler had the best career range factor of any active second baseman in Major League Baseball . He has been awarded both a Fielding Bible Award ( 2015 ) and a Gold Glove Award ( 2016 ) .

neg: Wilson Álvarez Wilson Eduardo Álvarez Fuenmayor ( born March 24 , 1970 ) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player . He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher . During a thirteen-year baseball career , he pitched for the Texas Rangers , Chicago White Sox , San Francisco Giants , Tampa Bay Devil Rays , and Los Angeles Dodgers . Since 2013 , he has served as pitching coach for the Gulf Coast League Orioles .

neg: 1990 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics ' 1990 season was their 23rd in Oakland , California . It was also the 90th season in franchise history . The team finished first in the American League West with a record of 103-59 .   The Athletics ' 1990 campaign ranks among the organization 's finest . Oakland , in winning 103 games , led the league outright in wins for a third consecutive season ; they remained the last major North American team to accomplish this until 2017 , when the feat was matched by the nearby Golden State Warriors of the NBA . The Athletics benefited from stellar performances in all areas of the game . The team 's offense was led by eventual Hall-of-Famer Rickey Henderson . Henderson finished the season with 65 stolen bases , 28 home runs , and a .325 batting average ; for his efforts , he took home the 1990 American League MVP Award . The Athletics also benefited from strong performances by superstars Mark McGwire and Jose Canseco . The pair clubbed 39 and 37 home runs , respectively ; in doing so , they drove in a combined total of 209 runs . Over the course of the season , the team added to an already strong offense ; the additions of recent All-Stars Willie Randolph , Willie McGee , and Harold Baines further widened the gap between the Athletics and the rest of the league . Established veterans ( such as Carney Lansford , Terry Steinbach , Dave Henderson , and Mike Gallego ) and promising young players ( mainly Walt Weiss and Mike Bordick ) rounded out arguably the deepest roster in all of Major League Baseball . Eight of the Athletics ' nine main postseason starters ( R. Henderson , McGwire , Canseco , McGee , Steinbach , Randolph , Baines , and Lansford ) played in at least one All-Star Game between 1988 and 1990 .   The Athletics pitching staff , in many regards , had an even stronger campaign . The starting rotation was led by veteran Bob Welch . Welch would finish the season with both an MLB-leading 27 wins and a 2.95 ERA ; this performance was strong enough to net the 1990 Cy Young Award . Welch , as of 2014 , remains the last MLB pitcher to win at least 25 games in a season . Fellow starter Dave Stewart , winner of 22 games , finished in a tie ( with Pittsburgh starter Doug Drabek ) for the second-most wins in MLB . 1989 All-Star Mike Moore , 1991 All-Star Scott Sanderson , and longtime Athletic Curt Young rounded out the American League 's top rotation . The Athletics ' bullpen was led by superstar closer Dennis Eckersley , who posted a microscopic 0.61 ERA while recording 48 saves . As a team , the Athletics allowed only 570 runs ( the fewest in the American League by a wide margin ) .   The Athletics easily won the American League West for a third consecutive season . They swept the Boston Red Sox , four games to none , in that year 's American League Championship series ; in doing so , they won a third consecutive American League pennant . The Athletics entered the 1990 World Series as heavy favorites . Despite this , however , they were themselves swept by the Cincinnati Reds . The Athletics have not reached the World Series since .

neg: List of Silver Slugger Award winners at shortstop The Silver Slugger Award is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position in both the American League ( AL ) and the National League ( NL ) , as determined by the coaches and managers of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . These voters consider several offensive categories in selecting the winners , including batting average , slugging percentage and on-base percentage , in addition to `` coaches ' and managers ' general impressions of a player 's overall offensive value . '' Managers and coaches are not permitted to vote for players on their own team . The Silver Slugger was first awarded in 1980 and is given by Hillerich & Bradsby , the manufacturer of Louisville Slugger bats . The award is a bat-shaped trophy , 3 feet ( 91 cm ) tall , engraved with the names of each of the winners from the league and plated with sterling silver .   Among shortstops , Barry Larkin is the leader in Silver Slugger Awards , with nine wins between 1988 and 1999 , including five consecutive awards ( 1988 -- 1992 ) . Larkin is fourth all-time in Silver Slugger wins among all positions , behind outfielder Barry Bonds , catcher Mike Piazza and third baseman Alex Rodriguez , who won his first seven awards at shortstop before a position change . Hall of Famer Cal Ripken , Jr. won eight Silver Sluggers as a shortstop from 1983 to 1993 . Other multiple awardees include three-time winners Alan Trammell ( 1987 -- 1988 , 1990 ) , Derek Jeter ( 2006 -- 2008 ) and Edgar Rentería ( 2000 ; 2002 -- 2003 ) , along with two-time champions Troy Tulowitzki ( 2010 -- 2011 ) , Hanley Ramírez ( 2008 -- 2009 ) , Miguel Tejada ( 2004 -- 2005 ) , Robin Yount ( 1980 , 1982 ) , Hubie Brooks ( 1985 -- 1986 ) , Dave Concepción ( 1981 -- 1982 ) , Garry Templeton ( 1980 , 1984 ) and Xander Bogaerts ( 2015-2016 ) .   Rodriguez ' offensive statistics in his seven Silver Slugger-winning seasons lead American League and major league shortstops in most categories ; his batting average of .358 and .631 slugging percentage in 1996 , .420 on-base percentage in 2000 and 57 home runs in 2002 are records among winning shortstops . The lone category in which Rodriguez does not lead the American League is runs batted in ( RBI ) , where Miguel Tejada is the leader ; he batted in 150 runs in 2004 . The RBI leaders in the National League are Rentería and Brooks , who each batted in 100 runs during the 2003 and 1985 seasons , respectively . In contrast , Rodriguez collected RBI totals over 100 ( ranging from 111 in 1999 to 142 in 2002 ) in all of his Silver Slugger-winning seasons , highlighting the difference in power and production between American League and National League shortstops . Other National League leaders include Larkin , who leads in batting average ( .348 , 1989 ) and on-base percentage ( .410 , 1996 ) , along with Rich Aurilia , who leads in slugging percentage ( .572 , 2001 ) and home runs ( 37 , 2001 ) . Though he has never played in the National League , Rodriguez ' 40 or more home runs in six of his seven winning seasons at shortstop are greater than any total hit by a National League winner at third base .

neg: Cy Young Award The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , one each for the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) . The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young , who died in 1955 . The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues , but in 1967 , after the retirement of Frick , the award was given to one pitcher in each league .   Each league 's award is voted on by members of the Baseball Writers ' Association of America , with one representative from each team . As of the 2010 season , each voter places a vote for first , second , third , fourth and fifth place among the pitchers of each league . The formula used to calculate the final scores is a weighted sum of the votes . The pitcher with the highest score in each league wins the award . If two pitchers receive the same number of votes , the award is shared . The current formula started in the 2010 season . Before that , dating back to 1970 , writers voted for three pitchers , with the formula of 5 points for a first place vote , 3 for a second place vote and 1 for a third place vote . Prior to 1970 , writers only voted for the best pitcher and used a formula of one point per vote .

neg: Alex Serrano (baseball) Alex Eleazar Serrano Hernandez ( born February 18 , 1981 in Barcelona , Anzoátegui State , Venezuela ) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher .   On April 16 , , Serrano made his major league debut for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim against the Kansas City Royals , pitching one scoreless inning while striking out one .   Serrano became a free agent at the end of 2008 . He spent in the Mexican League with the Guerreros de Oaxaca . He last played for the Rimini Baseball Club in the Italian Serie A1 baseball league in 2010

neg: Alfonso Soriano Alfonso Guilleard Soriano ( born January 7 , 1976 ) is a Dominican former professional baseball left fielder and second baseman . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the New York Yankees , Chicago Cubs , Texas Rangers , and Washington Nationals , and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp .   Soriano began his professional career with Hiroshima in 1996 , but signed with the Yankees as a free agent in 1998 and was assigned to play in minor league baseball . The next year , he was the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in the All-Star Futures Game , and made his MLB debut for the Yankees , with whom he would win two American League championships . The Yankees traded Soriano to the Rangers after the 2003 season , and the Rangers traded Soriano to the Nationals after the 2005 season . He signed a contract as a free agent with the Cubs before the 2007 season . The Cubs traded Soriano to the Yankees in 2013 , and the Yankees released him in 2014 .   Soriano was a seven-time MLB All-Star , and won the All-Star Game MVP Award in 2004 . He won the Silver Slugger Award four times . He played primarily as a second baseman for the Yankees and Rangers before being converted to an outfielder with the Nationals .   Soriano is one of only 54 major league players to hit 400 or more career home runs , and was seventh among active players in home runs at the time of his retirement .

neg: Alex Reyes Alexander Reyes ( born August 29 , 1994 ) is a Dominican American professional baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He was signed by the Cardinals as an amateur free agent in December 2012 , and made his MLB debut for them August 9 , 2016 .   The Cardinals ' top prospect entering both the 2015 and 2016 seasons , Baseball America named him the second-best prospect overall in their 2016 mid-season ranking . He has played in two All-Star Futures Games and was one of two Cardinals ' Co-Minor League Pitchers of the Year in 2015 .

neg: Bartolo Colón Bartolo Colón ( born May 24 , 1973 ) is a Dominican American professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Nicknamed Big Sexy , he previously played in MLB for the Cleveland Indians ( 1997 -- 2002 ) , Montreal Expos ( 2002 ) , Chicago White Sox ( 2003 , 2009 ) , Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( 2004 -- 2007 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 2008 ) , New York Yankees ( 2011 ) , Oakland Athletics ( 2012 -- 2013 ) , and New York Mets ( 2014 -- 2016 ) .   Colón won the American League Cy Young Award with the Angels in 2005 , when he led the American League in wins . He is a four-time MLB All-Star .   Entering the 2016 MLB season less than two months shy of his 43rd birthday , Colón is the oldest active player in Major League Baseball and also holds the distinction of being the last active Major Leaguer to play for the Montreal Expos . Colón became the oldest MLB player to hit his first career home run at the age of 42 .

neg: 1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 39th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) , the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball .   The game was held on July 9 , 1968 , at the Astrodome in Houston , Texas the home of the Houston Astros of the National League , making this the first All-Star Game to be played indoors . The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 1 -- 0 . It is the only All-Star Game ever played without a run batted in ( RBI ) .   This was the first night All-Star Game since 1944 . Apart from the 1969 game ( which was originally scheduled to be played at night but was postponed to the following afternoon due to rain ) , all subsequent All-Star Games have been played at night .

neg: Ronald Torreyes Ronald Alcides Torreyes Solorsano ( born September 2 , 1992 ) is a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played in MLB for the Los Angeles Dodgers .

neg: Félix Pérez (baseball) Félix Pérez ( born November 14 , 1984 ) is a minor league baseball outfielder who is currently a free agent .   Prior to playing in the Reds system , he played in the Cuban National Series . He first played for Isla de la Juventud in 2005-2006 , hitting .246 . He also pitched briefly . The next season , he hit .287 in 84 games , again pitching briefly , and in 2007-2008 , he hit .257 with 20 doubles in 90 games .   Signed by the Reds by scout Richard Jimenez , Perez hit over .300 twice in his first four seasons in the USA . He split 2010 between the DSL Reds , with whom he hit .429 in 16 games , the Lynchburg Hillcats ( .338 batting average in 16 games ) and the Carolina Mudcats ( .266 batting average in 35 games ) , for a composite .322 batting average . He committed 8 errors in 2011 for Carolina while hitting .257 in 92 games ; he also hit .206 with two walks and a homer in nine games for the Louisville Bats , for a combined .252 batting average in 101 games . He hit .301 and had 16 assists defensively in 116 games for Louisville in 2012 . In 2013 , he batted .262 with 10 home runs and 65 RBI in 126 games for Louisville , while fielding .995 .   During 2014 Perez posted some of his best numbers . He played for the AAA Louisville Bats the entire season , appearing in 122 games . He finished the season with a batting average of .280 and had a slugging percentage of .450 . He accrued 74 RBI 's ( the team high ) , 12 home runs ( second highest on his team ) , 36 doubles ( the team high ) and an OPS of .775 . Defensively , he committed just 3 errors . He was elected to the International League All-Star team and hit a double and a triple during the AAA All-Star game .   He played for the Sultanes de Monterrey in 2015 and hit .312 with 20 home runs and 70 RBI in 94 games . He played for Caracas again that winter and produced at a .332 / .425 / .545 clip with 20 doubles in 55 games . He again supplemented another team in the Caribbean Series , this time joining the Tigres de Aragua . He hit .200 / .407 / .200 with 7 walks in six games . He also made a couple errors at first , including a crucial one with a two-run lead in the 7th inning of the finale against Mexico 's Venados de Mazatlán that enabled them to score the tying run en route to a comeback win .   He played for Monterrey and the Rakuten Golden Eagles in 2016 , hitting .304 / .371 / .543 with 19 home runs and 68 RBI between them - only .244 with 5 home runs in 22 game for Rakuten , .315 with 14 home runs in 64 games for Monterrey .

neg: List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a left fielder leaders In baseball statistics , a putout ( denoted by PO or fly out when appropriate ) is given to a defensive player who records an out by a tagging a runner with the ball when he is not touching a base ( a tagout ) , catching a batted or thrown ball and tagging a base to put out a batter or runner ( a force out ) , catching a thrown ball and tagging a base to record an out on an appeal play , catching a third strike ( a strikeout ) , catching a batted ball on the fly ( a flyout ) , or being positioned closest to a runner called out for interference .   In baseball , a left fielder ( LF ) is an outfielder who plays defense in left field . Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher 's mound . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the left fielder is assigned the number 7 .   Barry Bonds is the all-time leader in putouts a left fielder with 5,225 career . Rickey Henderson ( 5,215 ) is second all-time and then only other left fielder with over 5,000 career putouts .

neg: List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders In baseball , a home run is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle all the bases ending at home plate , scoring himself and each runner who was already on base , with no errors by the defensive team on the play . The feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence in fair territory without it first touching the ground , which results in an automatic home run . There is also the rarer inside-the-park home run , where the hitter circles the bases while the baseball is in play on the field . In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , a player in each league wins the home run title each season by hitting the most home runs that year . Only home runs hit in a particular league count towards that league 's seasonal lead . Mark McGwire , for example , hit 58 home runs in 1997 , more than any other player that year . However , McGwire was traded from the American League 's ( AL ) Oakland Athletics to the National League 's ( NL ) St. Louis Cardinals midway through the season and his individual AL and NL home run totals ( 34 and 24 , respectively ) did not lead either league .   The first home run champion in the National League was George Hall ; in the league 's inaugural 1876 season , Hall hit five home runs for the short-lived National League Philadelphia Athletics . In 1901 , the American League was established and Hall of Fame second baseman Nap Lajoie led it with 14 home runs for the American League Philadelphia Athletics . Over the course of his 22-season career , Babe Ruth led the American League in home runs 12 times . Mike Schmidt and Ralph Kiner have the second and third most home run titles respectively , Schmidt with eight and Kiner with seven , all won in the National League . Kiner 's seven consecutive titles from 1946 to 1952 are also the most consecutive home run titles by any player . The most recent champions ( 2015 ) are Chris Davis with 47 home runs in the American League , and Nolan Arenado and Bryce Harper tied with 42 in the National League .   Ruth set the Major League Baseball single-season home run record four times , first at 29 ( 1919 ) , then 54 ( 1920 ) , 59 ( 1921 ) , and finally 60 ( 1927 ) . Ruth 's 1920 and 1921 seasons are tied for the widest margin of victory for a home run champion as he topped the next highest total by 35 home runs in each season . The single season mark of 60 stood for over 30 years until Roger Maris hit 61 home runs in 1961 . Maris ' mark was in turn broken by both Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa during the 1998 home run record chase , with McGwire ultimately setting the mark at 70 . Barry Bonds , who also has the most career home runs , set the current single season record of 73 in 2001 . The 1998 and 2001 seasons each had 4 players hit 50 or more home runs -- Greg Vaughn , Ken Griffey , Jr. , Sosa , and McGwire in 1998 and Alex Rodriguez , Luis Gonzalez , Sosa , and Bonds in 2001 . A player has hit 50 or more home runs 42 times . Of these feats , 25 occurred since 1990 . The lowest home run total to ever lead a major league was four , a feat achieved in the NL by Lip Pike in 1877 and Paul Hines in 1878 .

neg: Aubrey Huff Aubrey Lewis Huff III ( born December 20 , 1976 ) is an American former professional baseball player . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays , Houston Astros , Baltimore Orioles , Detroit Tigers , and San Francisco Giants . Huff is 6 ft tall and weighs 225 lb . He batted left-handed but threw right-handed .   Huff attended Vernon College and the University of Miami , where he finished his career second in school batting average . He was drafted by the Devil Rays in the sixth round in 1998 . After a couple years in the minor leagues , he debuted with the Devil Rays in 2000 . His first full season in the majors came in 2001 . In 2002 , he finished tenth in the American League ( AL ) in batting average . He set a career high in 2003 with 34 home runs and batted .311 with 107 runs batted in ( RBI ) . Next season , he batted .297 with 24 home runs and 104 RBI . In 2005 , he was placed on the disabled list for the first time in his career , but he batted .261 with 22 home runs and 92 RBI . During the 2006 season , he was traded to the Astros .   In 2007 , Huff signed a three-year contract with the Orioles . He hit 15 home runs his first season with the Orioles , his lowest total since 2001 . In 2008 , he won the Silver Slugger Award for the designated hitter position after batting .304 with 32 home runs and a career-high 108 RBI . During the 2009 season , he was traded to the Tigers . He became a free agent after the season and signed a one-year deal with the Giants . He batted .290 with 26 home runs in 2010 , reached the playoffs for the first time , and won his first World Series . He signed a two-year deal with the Giants in 2011 and hit 12 home runs , his lowest total since 2001 . In 2012 , he was used mostly as a pinch hitter and appeared in a career-low 52 games but won his second World Series with the Giants .   On January 4 , 2014 , Huff officially announced his retirement from baseball and took a position as a baseball color commentator .

neg: Danny Richar Danny Adam Richar ( born June 9 , 1983 in La Romana ) is a Dominican professional baseball player for the New Jersey Jackals of the Can-Am League . In a three-season Major League Baseball career as a second baseman for the Chicago White Sox and Cincinnati Reds , Richar had a .229 batting average , six home runs , and 18 runs batted in .   Richar originally signed as an undrafted free agent with the Arizona Diamondbacks on July 9 , 2001 . He played for the Single-A Lancaster JetHawks from 2003 ( first professional season ) to 2005 including 26 games for the Double-A El Paso Diablos in 2004 . He had his most home runs as a minor leaguer with 20 in 2005 .   On June 16 , 2007 , he was traded to the Chicago White Sox for outfield prospect Aaron Cunningham . He hit .346 with 5 home runs in 32 games for the White Sox Triple-A team , the Charlotte Knights , before being recalled by the big league club on July 28 , 2007 , after second baseman Tadahito Iguchi was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies .   On July 31 , 2008 , Richar along with pitcher Nick Masset were traded for outfielder Ken Griffey Jr. of the Cincinnati Reds .   On November 4 , 2009 , Richar filed for free agency . He signed a minor league contract with the Florida Marlins on December 21 , and spent the 2010 season with their triple-A affiliate , the New Orleans Zephyrs , where he batted .315 in 128 games . He played in 2011 for the Camden Riversharks organization of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball   On May 2 , 2016 , Richar was traded to the Toros de Tijuana of the Mexican Baseball League . He became a free agent after the 2016 season .   He signed with the New Jersey Jackals for the 2017 season .

neg: List of Kansas City Royals no-hitters The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Kansas City , Missouri . Formed in 1969 , they play in the American League Central division . Pitchers for the Royals have thrown 4 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball , the San Diego Padres , has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . No perfect games , a special subcategory of no-hitter , have been thrown in Royals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . ''   The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter .   The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager include determining the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game .

neg: José Guzmán José Alberto Guzmán Mirabal ( born April 9 , 1963 ) , is a former professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues from - .   Guzmán was signed by the Texas Rangers as an amateur free agent on February 10 , . He made his major league debut on September 10 , 1985 against the Oakland Athletics . He remained with the Rangers for six seasons winning the MLB Comeback Player of the Year Award after improving from an 11 -- 13 season to 13 -- 7 in 1991 .   In December , , Guzmán signed as a free agent with the Chicago Cubs . On April 6 , , in defeating the Atlanta Braves 1 -- 0 at Wrigley Field , Guzmán had a no-hitter broken up by an Otis Nixon single with two out in the ninth -- the only hit he would allow . The no-hitter would have been the first pitched by a Cub ( and , in fact , the first the Cubs had been involved in ) since Milt Pappas in .   He remained with the Cubs for one more season pitching his final game on May 23 , 1994 .   Since 2004 , Guzmán has worked as a Spanish language radio broadcaster for the Rangers . He also holds a charity golf tournament for Alzheimer patients each October .

neg: 1998 Major League Baseball home run record chase The 1998 Major League Baseball home run chase in Major League Baseball was the race between first baseman Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals and right fielder Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs that resulted in both players breaking Roger Maris 's long-standing and highly coveted record of 61 home runs . McGwire broke Maris 's record on September 8 against the Cubs and finished with 70 home runs . Sosa finished with 66 .   Several players had come close to breaking Maris 's record in the years before 1998 . Before the 1994 season was cut short by a labor dispute , Matt Williams of the San Francisco Giants and Ken Griffey , Jr. of the Seattle Mariners were both on a pace which threatened Maris 's record : they hit 43 and 40 home runs respectively in a season which was shortened by approximately 50 of the scheduled 162 games .   In 1995 , Albert Belle became the first player since Cecil Fielder in 1990 to hit 50 home runs in a season . Belle was only the 4th player in the previous three decades to reach the 50 home run - milestone ( George Foster hit 52 in 1977 , following Willie Mays in 1965 ) .   In 1996 , Brady Anderson of the Baltimore Orioles hit 50 home runs , twice the number he hit during any other season . Of more note was Mark McGwire of the Oakland Athletics , who first drew attention by hitting a league-leading 52 home runs that season while only playing in 130 games . The 1997 home run chase featured McGwire against Ken Griffey , Jr. of the Seattle Mariners . It was during that season that full-fledged interest over the record kicked in as both players were on record pace well into the summer . McGwire finished with 58 home runs despite a slump following his mid-season trade to the St. Louis Cardinals , besting Griffey 's total of 56 .