query: Judd Apatow is a person.

pos: Judd Apatow Judd Apatow ( -LSB- ˈæpətaʊ -RSB- born December 6 , 1967 ) is an American film producer , writer , director , actor , and comedian . He is the founder of Apatow Productions , through which he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks , Undeclared , Girls , Love , Crashing and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin ( 2005 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) , This Is 40 ( 2012 ) , and Trainwreck ( 2015 ) .   Apatow 's work has won numerous awards including a Primetime Emmy Award ( for The Ben Stiller Show ) , a Hollywood Comedy Award , and an AFI Award for Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) . His films have also been nominated for Grammy Awards , PGA Awards , Golden Globe Awards , and Academy Awards .   Also known for producing hit films such as The Cable Guy ( 1996 ) , Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby ( 2006 ) , Superbad ( 2007 ) , Forgetting Sarah Marshall ( 2008 ) , Step Brothers ( 2008 ) , Pineapple Express ( 2008 ) , Get Him to the Greek ( 2010 ) , Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , The Five-Year Engagement ( 2012 ) , and Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) .

neg: Sleeper (1973 film) Sleeper is a 1973 American futuristic science fiction comedy film , directed by Woody Allen and written by Allen and Marshall Brickman . The plot involves the adventures of the owner of a health food store who is cryogenically frozen in 1973 and defrosted 200 years later in an ineptly led police state . The film contains many elements which parody notable works of science fiction and was made as a tribute to comedians Groucho Marx and Bob Hope .

neg: American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation .   Author William Herberg offers the following definition :   One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' .   In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''

neg: ABC News ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ABC World News Tonight ; other programs include morning news-talk show Good Morning America , newsmagazine series Nightline , Primetime and 20/20 , and Sunday morning political affairs program This Week with George Stephanopolous .

neg: Change of Heart (The Judds song) `` Change of Heart '' is a song written by Naomi Judd , and performed by American country music duo The Judds . Originally released in 1984 on their eponymous debut album , it was released in October 1988 as the second new single from their Greatest Hits . `` Change of Heart '' was The Judds ' twelfth number one country single . The single went to number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles for one week and spent a total of fifteen weeks on the country chart .

neg: Personoid Personoid is the concept coined by Stanislaw Lem ( 1971 ) , a Polish science-fiction writer . His personoids are an abstraction of functions of human mind and they live in computers ; they do not need any human-like physical body .   In cognitive and software modeling , personoid is a research approach to the development of intelligent autonomous agents .  In frame of the IPK ( Information , Preferences , Knowledge ) architecture , it is a framework of abstract intelligent agent with a cognitive and structural intelligence . It can be seen as an essence of high intelligent entities .   From the philosophical and systemics perspectives , personoid societies can also be seen as the carriers of a culture . According to N. Gessler , the personoids study can be a base for the research on artificial culture and culture evolution .

neg: Adam Winkler Adam Winkler ( born July 25 , 1967 ) is a professor of constitutional law at the UCLA School of Law . He is the author of Gunfight : The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America , and a commentator about legal issues .

neg: Otto Reich Otto Juan Reich ( born October 16 , 1945 ) , is an American former senior official in the administrations of Presidents Ronald Reagan , George H. W. Bush , and George W. Bush . Among other positions held , he has been the President 's Special Envoy for the Western Hemisphere ; Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs ; United States Ambassador to Venezuela ; and Assistant Administrator of the US Agency for International Development , a recess appointment . In 2003 , Bush appointed him US Special Envoy to the Western Hemisphere . Since leaving the White House in 2004 , he has headed his own international consulting firm , Otto Reich Associates , LLC , based in Washington , D.C. .   During the Nicaraguan Revolution , Reich was in charge of the U.S. Office of Public Diplomacy for Latin America and the Caribbean , which was involved in lobbying efforts for the contras .   In July 2012 , Reich received the Walter Judd Freedom Award , which is awarded yearly by the Fund for American Studies to recognize `` individuals who have advanced the cause of freedom in the United States and abroad , are devoted to the preservation and expansion of freedom , influential in world and national affairs , and are outspoken voices against tyranny and oppression , while embodying the characteristics of self-sacrifice and patriotism . ''

neg: American Medical Writers Association The American Medical Writers Association ( AMWA ) is a professional association for medical communicators , with more than 5,600 members in the United States , Canada , and 26 other countries . AMWA is governed by a board of directors composed of a 14-member executive committee and representatives from its 19 US and Canadian chapters . The association was founded in 1940 by physicians interested in improving the quality of medical writing and editing . The current president is Douglas Haneline , PhD .   AMWA includes a variety of medical communicators , including administrators , advertisers , authors ' editors , college and university professors , journal editors , pharmaceutical writers ( and those involved in pharmaceutical publication planning ) , public relations specialists , publishers , reporters , researchers , statisticians , and translators . Many members are freelance writers and editors . Membership in AMWA is open to anyone interested in any aspect of medical communication .   AMWA 's headquarters are located in Rockville , Maryland , United States .

neg: Stuff White People Like Stuff White People Like ( sometimes known by the initialism SWPL ) is a blog that takes a satirical aim at the interests of North American `` left-leaning , city-dwelling , white people '' . The blog was created in January 2008 by a white Canadian , Christian Lander , a Los Angeles copywriter who grew up in Toronto and graduated from McGill University in Montreal . Lander co-authored the site with his Filipino Canadian friend Myles Valentin , after Valentin teased Lander for watching the HBO television series The Wire . Lander 's blog became popular very quickly , registering over 300,000 daily hits and over 40 million total hits by the end of September 2008 .   Although the blog `` has spurred an outpouring from those who view it as offensive and racist '' , it is not about the interests of all white people , but rather a stereotype of affluent , environmentally and socially conscious , anti-corporate white North Americans , who typically hold a degree in the liberal arts . Lander claims to be lampooning contemporary versions of bohemian/hipster culture , and jokingly refers to other classes and subcultures of white people as `` the wrong kind of white people '' . Despite the site 's satirical edge , Lander regards the people he describes with affection and numbers himself among them , describing himself as `` a self-aware , left-wing person who 's not afraid to recognize the selfishness and contradictions that come on the left . '' The initialism `` SWPL '' has been adopted in some circles as a ( usually pejorative ) shorthand term for the type of people depicted on the blog .   A book ( Stuff White People Like : A Definitive Guide to the Unique Taste of Millions ) was released on July 1 , 2008 . Lander is listed as the sole author of the book , although some of its content comes from the blog posts written by Valentin . The book remained on The New York Times bestseller list for months . Lander was reportedly given a $ 300,000 advance by Random House , the book 's publisher . He released a sequel ( Whiter Shades of Pale : The Stuff White People Like , Coast to Coast from Seattle 's Sweaters to Maine 's Microbrews ) on November 23 , 2010 .

neg: American Polygraph Association The American Polygraph Association ( APA ) is a professional association of polygraph examiners . It was established in 1966 . It has about 2,800 members .   The organization offers its members publications and conferences related to polygraphy , as well as employment services and public referrals for its members . It lobbies to promote its members ' interests at the local , state , and federal levels . It also establishes minimum standards for the education and training of polygraphers , and offers accreditation to programs that meet those standards . The association does not accredit or certify individuals .   The stated goals of the APA are :  Serving the cause of truth with integrity , objectivity and fairness to all persons  Encouraging and supporting research , training and education to benefit members of the Association as well as those who support its purpose and by providing a forum for the presentation and exchange of information derived from such research , training and education  Establishing and enforcing standards for admission to membership and continued membership in the Association  Governing the conduct of members of the Association by requiring adherence to a Code of Ethics and a set of Standards and Principles of Practice   APA members are proponents of the control question technique of polygraph admission , which includes asking questions designed to gain a greater physiological response from innocent subjects being given a polygraph .   About 10 years before the founding of the APA , a future president of the organization , Chris Gugas , demonstrated the polygraph before a national television audience with Groucho Marx on the comedian 's show You Bet Your Life .

neg: Alexander A. Maximow Alexander Alexandrowitsch Maximow ( Александр Александрович Максимов - December 4 , 1928 ) , was a Russian-American scientist in the fields of Histology and Embryology whose team developed the hypothesis about the existence of `` polyblasts '' . Maximow is renowned for his experimental work on the unitarian theory of hematopoiesis : all blood cells develop from a common precursor cell . Maximow served as a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences .

neg: AP World History Advanced Placement World History ( also known as AP World History , WHAP , AP World or APWH ) is a college-level course and examination offered to high school students through the College Board 's Advanced Placement Program designed to help students develop a greater understanding of the evolution of global processes and contacts as well as interactions between different types of human society . The course advances this understanding through a combination of selective factual knowledge and appropriate analytical skills . Students study all prehistory and history , especially from 8000 BCE to present-day . The AP World History exam was first administered in 2002 .

neg: Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation .   Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare   Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .

neg: David Ignatow David Ignatow ( February 7 , 1914 -- November 17 , 1997 ) was an American poet .

neg: Judd (engine) Judd is a name brand of engines produced by Engine Developments Ltd. , a company founded in 1971 by John Judd and Jack Brabham in Rugby , Warwickshire , England . Engine Developments was intended to build engines for Brabham 's racing efforts , and became one of the first firms authorised by Cosworth to maintain and rebuild its DFV engines , but has since expanded into various areas of motorsport .   Judd has provided engines for many major series , including Formula One and other smaller formula series , sports car racing , and touring car racing . They have been associated with manufacturers such as Yamaha , MG , and Honda , although they have mainly been a privateer engine supplier to customers .

neg: Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field .   The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer .   The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives .   Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times .   The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .

neg: American Poultry Association The American Poultry Association ( APA ) is the oldest poultry organization in the North America . It was founded in 1873 , and incorporated in Indiana in 1932 .   The first American poultry show was held in 1849 , and the APA was later formed in response to the burgeoning need for an overseeing body to set standards for poultry breeds and to administer judging . A year after its foundation , the Association published the first American Standard of Perfection , which to this day is the most widely used and respected handbook on poultry breed standards . The APA continues to publish and expand the Standard , and aims to promote all aspects of poultry fancy by certifying official judges , sponsoring shows , fostering youth participation , and advocating for its members , in both the U.S. and Canada .

neg: Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired .   A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel .   The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .

neg: Nikos Psacharopoulos Nikos Psacharopoulos ( born Athens , January 18 , 1928 , died St. John , U.S. Virgin Islands , on January 12 , 1989 ) was an American theater producer , director , and educator .   Born Nickolas Konstantin Athanasios Psacharopoulos VII , he claimed to have organized his first theatrical troupe at age 15 under the Nazi occupation of his homeland . He moved to the United States in 1947 and attended Oberlin College where he directed productions for the Oberlin Mummers . He graduated in 1951 with a degree in art history . Three years later he received a Master of Fine Arts Degree in theater direction from the Yale Drama School . In 1955 , he joined the faculty of Yale 's undergraduate theater studies department and also taught in the graduate Drama School , where he remained until his death of colon cancer at age 60 .   Psacharopoulos was a co-founder of the Williamstown Theater Festival ( WTF ) in 1955 , based in the Adams Memorial Theater on the campus of Williams College . Psacharopoulos went on to serve as WTF 's sole artistic executive director for 33 years , creating a professional summer theater that was more than a typical summer stock escapist operation . He was aided for many years by Tom Brennan , who served as the WTF associate director . Under Psacharopoulos ' leadership , WTF specialized in the plays of Anton Chekhov and Bertolt Brecht , as well as the work of many classic American playwrights such as Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , Arthur Miller , and Archibald MacLeish . Psacharopoulos traveled often between his Greek homeland and New York City , his main residence , where he staged theater productions with the Circle-in-the-Square , the New York Pro Musica , and City Opera .   Psacharopoulos ' international reputation and demanding artistry drew many famous actors to perform with the WTF , names such as Frank Langella , Kate Burton , Rosemary Harris , Blythe Danner , and Colleen Dewhurst . To all -- his `` stars '' and apprentices -- he was a man of great style , a gourmet who would excuse himself from a table of friends to confer with a restaurant 's chef ; he was something of a dandy who , nevertheless , was always addressed simply as `` Nikos . ''   Many directors and leaders of American theater were inspired by Nikos ' guidance . Each year he would choose an assistant from his students at Yale to accompany him to WTF to experience their first seasons as professional directors . Peter H. Hunt , Austin Pendleton , Keith Fowler , and Arvin Brown are among those who first served with Nikos .

neg: Jack A. Apsche Jack A. Apsche ( born September 23 , 1947 ) is an American psychologist who has focused his work on adolescents with behavior problems . Apshce is also an author , artist , presenter , consultant and lecturer .


query: Denzel Washington directed a movie starring Viola Davis.

pos: Denzel Washington Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. ( born December 28 , 1954 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He has received three Golden Globe awards , a Tony Award , and two Academy Awards : Best Supporting Actor for the historical war drama film Glory ( 1989 ) and Best Actor for his role as a corrupt cop in the crime thriller Training Day ( 2001 ) .   Washington has received much critical acclaim for his film work since the 1980s , including his portrayals of real-life figures such as South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko in Cry Freedom ( 1987 ) , Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X in Malcolm X ( 1992 ) , boxer Rubin `` Hurricane '' Carter in The Hurricane ( 1999 ) , football coach Herman Boone in Remember the Titans ( 2000 ) , poet and educator Melvin B. Tolson in The Great Debaters ( 2007 ) , and drug kingpin Frank Lucas in American Gangster ( 2007 ) . He has been a featured actor in the films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and has been a frequent collaborator of directors Spike Lee , Antoine Fuqua and Tony Scott . In 2016 , Washington was selected as the recipient for the Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards .   In 2002 , Washington made his directorial debut with biographical film Antwone Fisher . His second directorial effort was The Great Debaters , released in 2007 . Washington 's third directorial effort , Fences , starring himself and Viola Davis , was released on December 16 , 2016 .

neg: The Undying The Undying is a 2011 American supernatural romantic thriller written by David M. Flynn and Steven Peros and directed by Steven Peros . The film stars Robin Weigert , Anthony Carrigan , Wes Studi , Jay O. Sanders , and Sybil Temtchine .

neg: The Express The Express ( also known as The Express : The Ernie Davis Story ) is a 2008 American sports film produced by John Davis and directed by Gary Fleder . The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Charles Leavitt from a book titled Ernie Davis : The Elmira Express , authored by Robert C. Gallagher . The film is based on the life of Syracuse University football player Ernie Davis , the first African American to win the Heisman Trophy , portrayed by actor Rob Brown . The Express explores civil topics , such as racism , discrimination and athletics .   The motion picture was a co-production between the film studios of Relativity Media and Davis Entertainment . It was commercially distributed by Universal Pictures theatrically , and by Universal Studios Home Entertainment for home media . Following its cinematic release , it failed to garner any award nominations from mainstream motion picture organizations for its production merits or lead acting . In the film , veteran actors Dennis Quaid and Charles S. Dutton star in principal supporting roles . The original motion picture soundtrack with a musical score composed by Mark Isham , was released by the Lakeshore Records label on October 28 , 2008 .   The Express premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States on October 10 , 2008 grossing $ 9,793,406 in domestic ticket receipts . It earned an additional $ 14,718 in business through international release to top out at a combined $ 9,808,124 in gross revenue . Since the film had a $ 40 million budget , it was a financial failure . However , preceding its initial screening in cinemas , the film was generally met with positive critical reviews . The Blu-ray version of the film , featuring deleted scenes and the director 's commentary was released on January 20 , 2009 .

neg: George White's Scandals (film) George White 's Scandals is a 1945 American film starring Joan Davis , Jack Haley , Phillip Terry , and Glenn Tryon . It features Haley 's Wizard of Oz co-star Margaret Hamilton . This film included music by Edwin Finckel .

neg: Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .

neg: The Neon Demon The Neon Demon is a 2016 psychological horror film directed by Nicolas Winding Refn , co-written by Mary Laws , Polly Stenham , and Refn , and starring Elle Fanning . The plot follows an aspiring model in Los Angeles whose beauty and youth generate intense fascination and jealousy within the industry . Supporting roles are played by Karl Glusman , Jena Malone , Bella Heathcote , Abbey Lee , Desmond Harrington , Christina Hendricks , and Keanu Reeves .   An international co-production between France , Denmark , and the United States , the film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , the third consecutive film directed by Refn to do so , following Drive ( 2011 ) and Only God Forgives ( 2013 ) . In the United States , the film was released theatrically on 24 June 2016 by Amazon Studios and Broad Green Pictures . It opened to polarized reviews and was a box office failure , grossing a little over $ 3 million from a $ 7 million budget .

neg: The Santa Clause (film series) The Santa Clause is a series of comedy films starring Tim Allen . The film series began with The Santa Clause ( 1994 ) . It was followed by The Santa Clause 2 ( 2002 ) and The Santa Clause 3 : The Escape Clause ( 2006 ) . The series experienced a diminishing critical reception with each subsequent film .

neg: Trust (2010 film) Trust is a 2010 American drama thriller film directed by David Schwimmer and based on a screenplay by Andy Bellin and Robert Festinger , and an uncredited story by Schwimmer . It stars Viola Davis , Clive Owen , Catherine Keener , Jason Clarke , and Liana Liberato .   The film is about a teenage girl who becomes a victim of sexual abuse when she befriends a man on the Internet .

neg: Aunjanue Ellis Aunjanue L. Ellis ( born February 21 , 1969 ) is an American film , stage , and television actress , and producer . She began her acting career in theater , and made her film debut in Girls Town . She later had leading roles in a number of independent movies , and co-starred in several mainstream films .   Ellis is best known for her roles in films Men of Honor ( 2000 ) , The Caveman 's Valentine ( 2001 ) , Undercover Brother ( 2002 ) , Ray ( 2004 ) , The Express ( 2008 ) , The Taking of Pelham 123 ( 2009 ) and The Help ( 2011 ) . On television , Ellis had regular role in the ABC police drama series High Incident ( 1996 -- 97 ) , and later co-starred in a number of short-lived dramas . She had recurring roles on The Practice , True Blood , and The Mentalist , and played roles in a number of made for television movies , such as Gifted Hands : The Ben Carson Story ( 2009 ) and Abducted : The Carlina White Story ( 2013 ) .   In 2015 , Ellis played the leading role in the miniseries The Book of Negroes , based on bestselling novel by Lawrence Hill . She received critical acclaim and a Critic 's Choice Award nomination for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Later that year , she began starring as Miranda Shaw in the ABC thriller series Quantico . In 2016 , Ellis played Nancy Turner , Nat Turner 's mother , in the critically acclaimed period drama film , The Birth of a Nation .

neg: Ivory Tower (1998 film) Ivory Tower is a 1998 drama film about young people trying to enter the computer industry in Silicon Valley . The film was directed by Darin Ferriola , and stars Michael Ironside , Patrick Van Horn , Kari Wührer , and James Wilder .

neg: Washington, D.C. (novel) Washington , D. C. is a 1967 novel by Gore Vidal . The sixth novel in his Narratives of Empire series of historical novels ( although the first one published ) , it begins in 1937 and continues into the Cold War , tracing the families of Senator James Burden Day and influential newspaper publisher Blaise Sanford .   This book is the least historical and most novelistic of any of the seven books . The Golden Age , the seventh book in the series , takes place during nearly the same span of years with many of the same characters , and needed to be written around the events of Washington D.C.   The novel is written in the third person and is inspired by the novels of Henry James .

neg: Lila & Eve Lila & Eve is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Charles Stone III and written by Patrick Gilfillan . The film stars Viola Davis and Jennifer Lopez . It premiered on January 30 , 2015 , at the Sundance Film Festival . The film was released in North America on July 17 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films . This marks the second time Davis and Lopez acted in a film together , the first being the Steven Soderbergh film Out of Sight in 1998 .

neg: Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina .   The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .

neg: Three Days to Vegas Three Days to Vegas is a 2007 American comedy film , directed by Charlie Picerni and starring Peter Falk , Rip Torn , George Segal , Billy Burke and Bill Cobbs . The story follows four elderly male retirees who take a road trip to Las Vegas to stop the impending marriage of one of their daughters , played by Nancy Young . Cobbs replaced iconic actor Ossie Davis in the cast after Davis died during production . The film features various actors in supporting roles , including Chris Diamantopoulos , Reginald VelJohnson , and Taylor Negron .

neg: Assault on Wall Street Assault on Wall Street ( also known as Attack on Wall Street and formerly known as Bailout : The Age of Greed ) is a 2013 action thriller film written and directed by Uwe Boll , and starring Dominic Purcell . The film stars Purcell as a security guard who struggles to pay for his wife 's medical bills and loses his investments in the 2007 -- 08 financial crisis , prompting a shooting spree on Wall Street after his wife takes her own life .

neg: Washington v. Davis Washington v. Davis , 426 US 229 ( 1976 ) was a United States Supreme Court case that established that laws that have a racially-discriminatory effect but were not adopted to advance a racially-discriminatory purpose are valid , under the US Constitution .

neg: Conviction (2010 film) Conviction is a 2010 legal drama film directed by Tony Goldwyn , written by Pamela Gray , and starring Hilary Swank and Sam Rockwell . The film premiered on September 11 , 2010 , at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the US on October 15 , 2010 .

neg: The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster .   The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .

neg: Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 .   Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) .   A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .

neg: Big Stone Gap (film) Big Stone Gap is a 2014 American drama romantic comedy film written and directed by Adriana Trigiani and produced by Donna Gigliotti for Altar Identity Studios , a subsidiary of Media Society . Based on Trigiani 's 2000 best-selling novel of the same name , the story is set in the actual Virginia town of Big Stone Gap circa 1970s . The film had its world premiere at the Virginia Film Festival on November 6 , 2014 .  The film was released on October 9 , 2015 , by Picturehouse . The film was released in Blu-Ray by Universal Pictures on February 2 , 2016 .

neg: The Werewolf of Washington The Werewolf of Washington is a 1973 horror comedy film written and directed by Milton Moses Ginsberg , produced by Nina Schulman and starring Dean Stockwell . It satirizes several individuals in the Richard Nixon Presidency .


query: London is also known as Greater London.

pos: Greater London London , or Greater London , is a region of England which forms the administrative boundaries of London . It is organised into 33 local government districts : the 32 London boroughs ( which makes up the ceremonial county of Greater London ) and the City of London ( which is a separate county but still part of the region ) . The Greater London Authority , based in Southwark , is responsible for strategic local government across the region and consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly .   The county of Greater London was created on 1 April 1965 through the London Government Act 1963 . Administratively , Greater London was first established as a sui generis council area under the Greater London Council between 1963 and 1986 . The area was re-established as a region in 1994 , and the Greater London Authority formed in 2000 .   The region covers 1572 km2 and had a population of 8,174,000 at the 2011 census . In 2012 , it had the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom at # 37,232 . The Greater London Built-up Area -- used in some national statistics -- is a measure of the continuous urban area of London , and therefore includes areas outside of the administrative region .

pos: London London -LSB- ˈlʌndən -RSB- is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . It was founded by the Romans , who named it Londinium . London 's ancient core , the City of London , largely retains its 1.12 sqmi medieval boundaries . Since at least the 19th century , `` London '' has also referred to the metropolis around this core , historically split between Middlesex , Essex , Surrey , Kent , and Hertfordshire , which today largely makes up Greater London , See also : Independent city § National capitals . governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.The London Mayor is not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of London who heads the City of London Corporation , which administers the City of London .   London is a leading global city in the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism , and transportation . It is crowned as the world 's largest financial centre and has the fifth - or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.Rankings of cities by metropolitan area GDP can vary as a result of differences in the definition of the boundaries and population sizes of the areas compared , exchange rate fluctuations and the method used to calculate output . London and Paris are of broadly similar size in terms of total economic output which can result in third party sources varying as to which is the fifth-largest city GDP in the world . A report by the McKinsey Global Institute published in 2012 estimated that London had a city GDP of US$ 751.8 billion in 2010 , compared to US$ 764.2 billion for Paris , making them respectively the sixth - and fifth-largest in the world . A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers published in November 2009 estimated that London had a city GDP measured in purchasing power parity of US$ 565 billion in 2008 , compared to US$ 564 billion for Paris , making them respectively the fifth - and sixth-largest in the world . The McKinsey Global Institute study used a metropolitan area with a population of 14.9 million for London compared to 11.8 million for Paris , whilst the PricewaterhouseCoopers study used a metropolitan area with a population of 8.59 million for London compared to 9.92 million for Paris . London is a world cultural capital . It is the world 's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world 's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic . London is the world 's leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city . London 's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe . In 2012 , London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times .   London has a diverse range of people and cultures , and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region . Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population ( corresponding to Greater London ) was 8,673,713 , the largest of any city in the European Union , and accounting for 12.5 % of the UK population . London 's urban area is the second most populous in the EU , after Paris , with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census . The city 's metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants , while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region ( covering a large part of the south east ) as 22.7 million .  London was the world 's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925 .   London contains four World Heritage Sites : the Tower of London ; Kew Gardens ; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster , Westminster Abbey , and St Margaret 's Church ; and the historic settlement of Greenwich ( in which the Royal Observatory , Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian , 0 ° longitude , and GMT ) . Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace , the London Eye , Piccadilly Circus , St Paul 's Cathedral , Tower Bridge , Trafalgar Square , and The Shard . London is home to numerous museums , galleries , libraries , sporting events , and other cultural institutions , including the British Museum , National Gallery , Natural History Museum , Tate Modern , British Library , and West End theatres . The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world .

neg: Indian community of London British Indians form the largest ethno-national group in London with a population of around 542,857 or 6.6 % of the population . The majority are concentrated in West London , home to London 's Hindu community , though populations can be found throughout London .

neg: Barking Barking is a suburban town in England , and forms part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham . It is 8.8 mi east of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan . It was historically a fishing and agrarian settlement in the county of Essex and formed an ancient parish . Its economic history is characterised by a shift to market gardening , and industrial development to the south adjacent to the River Thames . The railway station opened in 1854 and has been served by the London Underground since 1908 . As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century , Barking significantly expanded and increased in population , primarily due to the development of the London County Council estate at Becontree in the 1920s , and it became a municipal borough in 1931 , and part of Greater London in 1965 . In addition to an extensive and fairly low-density residential area , the town centre forms a large retail and commercial district , currently a focus for regeneration . The former industrial lands to the south are being redeveloped as Barking Riverside .

neg: Crime in London Crime in London , as in various cities , is very hard to measure . Police figures generally understate crime substantially and can be extremely misleading . Accordingly , recorded crime statistics need to be treated with great caution and have sometimes been shown to show opposite trends to victim surveys or to violence as measured by hospital intake . However , police figures are usually the only available way to gauge local crime .   Greater London is served by three police forces ; the Metropolitan Police which is responsible for policing the vast majority of the capital and is geographically divided into 32 Borough Operational Command Units , the City of London Police which is responsible for The Square Mile of the City of London , and the British Transport Police which polices the rail network and London Underground .   A fourth police force in London , the Ministry of Defence Police , do not generally become involved with policing the general public . Within the Home Office crime statistic publications Greater London is referred to as the London Region .   Crime rates vary widely by area : several have problems with crime , while many others are very safe .

neg: .london . london is a top-level domain ( TLD ) for London , England . It was approved by ICANN as a city-level TLD on 7 June 2013 . On 29 April 2014 , the domain name went on sale for the first time . Metro Bank and Fortnum and Mason have secured addresses , with some pages already live . London and Partners , which promotes the city , said that . london would carry a premium because of its exclusivity . It costs from # 6.99 annually for each domain name .

neg: Counties of England Counties of England are areas used for the purposes of administrative , geographical , cultural or political demarcation .   For administrative purposes , England outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly is divided into 83 metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties . These counties may consist of a single district or be divided into several districts . As of April 2009 , 27 of these counties are divided into districts and have a county council . Six of the counties , covering the major conurbations , are known as metropolitan counties , which do not have county councils , although some functions are organised on a county-wide basis by their districts ( metropolitan boroughs ) acting jointly .   All of England ( including Greater London and the Isles of Scilly ) is also divided into 48 ceremonial counties , which are also known as geographic counties . Most ceremonial counties correspond to a metropolitan or non-metropolitan county of the same name but often with reduced boundaries .   The current arrangement is the result of incremental reform . Many of the counties have their origins in the Middle Ages , although the larger counties of Yorkshire and Sussex lost many or all of their administrative functions centuries ago . The geographic counties which existed before the local government reforms of 1965 and 1974 are referred to as ancient counties or historic counties . From 1889 to 1974 areas with county councils were known as administrative counties , which excluded larger towns and cities known as county boroughs and included divisions of some geographic counties . From 1974 to 1996 the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties , some of which were established only in 1974 , corresponded directly with the ceremonial counties .   Counties , usually either historic counties or current ceremonial counties , are used as the geographical basis for a number of institutions such as police and fire services , sports clubs and other non-government organisations .   For the purpose of sorting and delivering mail , England was divided into 48 postal counties until 1996 ; these have been abandoned by Royal Mail in favour of postcodes .

neg: Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951 . Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a `` triumphant success '' as people :  flocked to the South Bank site , to wander around the Dome of Discovery , gaze at the Skylon , and generally enjoy a festival of national celebration . Up and down the land , lesser festivals enlisted much civic and voluntary enthusiasm . A people curbed by years of total war and half-crushed by austerity and gloom , showed that it had not lost the capacity for enjoying itself ... Above all , the Festival made a spectacular setting as a showpiece for the inventiveness and genius of British scientists and technologists .   Labour cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover ; in 1947 he started with the original plan to celebrate the centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . However it was not to be another World Fair , for international themes were absent , as was the British Commonwealth . Instead the 1951 festival focused entirely on Britain and its achievements ; it was funded chiefly by the government , with a budget of # 12 million . The Labour government was losing support and so the implicit goal of the festival was to give the people a feeling of successful recovery from the war 's devastation , as well as promoting British science , technology , industrial design , architecture and the arts .   The Festival 's centrepiece was in London on the South Bank of the Thames . There were events in Poplar ( Architecture ) , Battersea ( The Festival Pleasure Gardens ) , South Kensington ( Science ) and Glasgow ( Industrial Power ) . Festival celebrations took place in Cardiff , Stratford-upon-Avon , Bath , Perth , Bournemouth , York , Aldeburgh , Inverness , Cheltenham , Oxford , Norwich , Canterbury and elsewhere and there were touring exhibitions by land and sea .   The Festival became a `` beacon for change '' that proved immensely popular with thousands of elite visitors and millions of popular ones . It helped reshape British arts , crafts , designs and sports for a generation . Journalist Harry Hopkins highlights the widespread impact of the `` Festival style '' . They called it `` Contemporary '' . It was :  clean , bright and new ... . It caught hold quickly and spread first across London and then across England ... In an island hitherto largely given up to gravy browns and dull greens , `` Contemporary '' boldly espoused strong primary colors .

neg: List of markets in London This is a list of markets in London . Greater London is home to a wealth of covered , outdoor and street markets . Many specialise in a particular type of goods or sell different things on different days . Most open very early in the morning and close early or late afternoon .   Markets in London have their origins in the middle ages and ancient charter ; set up to serve the population of the City of London . Over time , some emerged as wholesale markets serving specific market segments -- such as the sale of vegetables , meat , or fish . With an expanding metropolis in the 18th and 19th centuries , street markets were set up to meet the needs of the new suburbs . With the introduction of trams on the streets of London , these were moved ( sometimes forcibly ) into neighbouring side streets , or new covered markets .   The modern markets are regulated by the City and 32 London boroughs . Many have become ` general markets ' serving a range of goods .

neg: Little Ilford Little Ilford is a district of London , England in the London Borough of Newham and the name of a ward in that borough .

neg: Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .

neg: The Londoner The Londoner was a newsletter in the style of a newspaper published by the Mayor of London and delivered free to most households in Greater London , United Kingdom .   In the words of the Mayor of London 's office , it was `` a newsletter for Londoners from the Mayor of London . It provided information about the policies and services delivered by the Greater London Authority and key issues affecting life in the capital , and encouraged participation in current debates and consultation . ''   According to the Mayor 's Annual Report 2005/06 , the budget for The Londoner was # 2,882,000 , of which # 632,000 came directly from the GLA precept portion of council tax paid by London householders . Most of the remaining # 2,250,000 came from advertising and editorial material paid for by Transport for London and the Metropolitan Police Authority .

neg: South Tottenham South Tottenham is an area of the London Borough of Haringey , north London .

neg: London Borough of Hackney The London Borough of Hackney ( -LSB- ˈhækni -RSB- ) is a London Borough in Inner London , United Kingdom . The historical and administrative heart of Hackney is Mare Street , which lies 5 mi north-east of Charing Cross .   Southern and eastern parts of the borough are popularly regarded as being part of east London , with northern and western areas belonging to north London .   The London Plan issued by the Greater London Authority assigns whole boroughs to sub-regions for statutory monitoring , engagement and resource allocation purposes . The most recent ( 2011 ) iteration of this plan assigns Hackney to the ` East ' sub-region , while the 2008 and 2004 versions assigned the borough to ` North ' and ` East ' sub-regions respectively .   The modern borough was formed 1965 by the merger of the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney with the much smaller Metropolitan Boroughs of Stoke Newington and Shoreditch .   Hackney is bounded by Islington to the west , Haringey to the north , Waltham Forest to the north-east , Newham to the east , Tower Hamlets to the south-east and the City of London to the south-west .   Hackney was one of the host boroughs of the London Olympics in 2012 , with several of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park venues falling within its boundaries .

neg: London Borough of Ealing The London Borough of Ealing -LSB- ˈiːlɪŋ -RSB- is a London Borough in west London , England , and forms part of Outer London . It is the 3rd largest London Borough in population , and 11th largest in size , covering part of west London and a small part of north west London . Its administrative centre is Ealing Broadway . Other major centres include Acton , Greenford and Southall . The local authority is Ealing London Borough Council .

neg: Ealing London Borough Council Ealing London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Ealing in Greater London , England . It is a London borough council , one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London .

neg: Wandsworth Wandsworth -LSB- ˈwɒnzwərθ -RSB- is a district of southwest London within the London Borough of Wandsworth . It is situated 4.6 mi southwest of Charing Cross . The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London .

neg: St Paul Covent Garden St Paul Covent Garden was a civil parish in the metropolitan area of London , England . The former area of the parish now corresponds to the Covent Garden market and surrounding streets in the City of Westminster .

neg: Hounslow London Borough Council Hounslow London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Hounslow in Greater London , England . It is a London borough council , one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London .

neg: Willesden Willesden ( -LSB- ˈwɪlzdən -RSB- ) is an area in north west London which forms part of the London Borough of Brent . It is situated 5 miles ( 8 km ) northwest of Charing Cross . It was historically a parish in the county of Middlesex , that was incorporated as the Municipal Borough of Willesden in 1933 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965 .   With its close vicinity to affluent neighbourhoods Brondesbury Park , Queen 's Park and Kensal Rise , the area surrounding Willesden Green station has seen increased gentrification in the past several years , with rapidly rising property prices . The Daily Telegraph called Willesden Green one of London 's `` new middle class '' areas . The area had a population of 44,295 in 2011 including the Willesden Green , Dollis Hill and Dudden Hill wards .

neg: Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove There are 70 Grade II * listed buildings in the city of Brighton and Hove , England . The city , on the English Channel coast approximately 52 mi south of London , was formed as a unitary authority in 1997 by the merger of the neighbouring towns of Brighton and Hove . Queen Elizabeth II granted city status in 2000 .   In England , a building or structure is defined as `` listed '' when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of `` special architectural or historic interest '' by the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , a Government department , in accordance with the Planning ( Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas ) Act 1990 . English Heritage , a non-departmental public body , acts as an agency of this department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues . There are three grades of listing status . Grade I , the highest , is defined as being of `` exceptional interest '' ; Grade II * is used for `` particularly important buildings of more than special interest '' ; and Grade II , the lowest , is used for buildings of `` special interest '' .   Brighton was founded on top of the sea-facing cliffs where the South Downs meet the English Channel . A series of valleys allowed transport routes to develop towards Lewes , London and other important settlements . Although Neolithic settlement has been confirmed , the Anglo-Saxons were the first permanent settlers ; the population was about 400 by the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 . Its neighbour Hove , on flatter , more fertile land to the west , developed concurrently but independently : its existence was recorded in 1288 , and two separate prebends ( similar to benefices ) existed by 1291 . Fishing , farming and smuggling drove the economy , but decline set in during the Middle Ages and persisted until the 19th century . Coastal flooding destroyed buildings on many occasions , the parish church fell into ruins , and the population -- almost all poor -- numbered about 100 in 1801 .   Brighton became fashionable as a holiday destination and health resort in the mid-18th century , and royal patronage ( particularly by the flamboyant Prince Regent ) increased its popularity with high society and the upper classes . Day-trippers and longer-term visitors from other social classes soon followed , and by the early 19th century the town was Britain 's foremost seaside resort . Developments such as Royal Crescent , Regency Square , Oriental Place and Park Crescent characterised the bold architectural vision of the town 's new residents ; the design triumvirate of Amon Wilds , Amon Henry Wilds and Charles Busby were instrumental in realising these plans . Hove 's fortunes improved in line with Brighton 's success , and developments such as Palmeira Mansions and Sir Isaac Goldsmid 's Adelaide Crescent covered the fields between the ancient village of Hove and Brighton 's continuous westward expansion .   The Vicar of Brighton , Rev. Henry Michell Wagner -- a wealthy , progressive clergyman with strong Anglo-Catholic views and an interest in architecture -- and his son and successor Rev. Arthur Wagner were responsible for an array of new churches throughout Brighton and Hove ( especially in poorer residential areas ) ; many are listed at Grade I , and the Grade II * - listed examples of St Martin 's and St Paul 's merely add to a stock of Victorian places of worship which has been described as one of the best outside London . Elsewhere during the Victorian era , the former parish churches of both Brighton and Hove were rebuilt ; an elaborate synagogue was provided for the Jewish population ; Roman Catholic worship became established at the Classical-style St John the Baptist 's Church ; a new parish church was established in the form of Charles Barry 's St Peter 's ; and several other churches were established .   Both towns were incorporated as boroughs : Brighton in 1854 , Hove in 1898 . Expansion in the 20th century , as the urban area became a large regional centre , resulted in ancient villages being absorbed into the boroughs . Hangleton , West Blatchington , Ovingdean , Rottingdean and others had historic buildings and long-established churches of their own ; by 1928 , Acts of Parliament had brought them into `` Greater Brighton and Hove '' . In 1997 , the towns were officially united as a unitary authority ; three years later , city status was secured .   Some listings include contributory fixtures such as surrounding walls or railings in front of the building . These are summarised by notes alongside the building name .

neg: London Councils London Councils is the local government association for Greater London , England . It is a cross-party organisation that represents London 's 32 borough councils and the City of London . It was formed in 1995 as a merger of the London Boroughs Association and the Association of London Authorities . In April 2000 it gained further functions as strategic local government in London was reorganised . London Councils is a think tank and lobbying organisation , and also provides some services directly through legislation that allows multiple local authorities to pool responsibility and funding . London Councils is based at 59 1/2 Southwark Street .


query: The Wicked Witch of the West is from To Kill a Mockingbird.

pos: Wicked Witch of the West The Wicked Witch of the West is a fictional character and the most significant antagonist in L. Frank Baum 's children 's book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1900 ) . In Baum 's subsequent Oz books , it is the Nome King who is the principal villain ; the Wicked Witch of the West is rarely even referred to again after her death in the first book .   The witch 's most popular depiction was in the classic 1939 film based on Baum 's book , where she was portrayed by Margaret Hamilton . Hamilton 's characterization introduced green skin and this has been continued in later literary and dramatic representations , including Gregory Maguire 's revisionist Oz novel Wicked : The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West ( 1995 ) and its musical stage adaptation Wicked ( 2003 ) , the 2013 film Oz the Great and Powerful , and the television series Once Upon a Time and Emerald City .

neg: Mombi The Wicked Witch of the North , named Mombi , is a fictional character in L. Frank Baum 's classic children 's series of Oz Books . She is the most significant antagonist in the second Oz book The Marvelous Land of Oz ( 1904 ) , and is alluded to in other works . Mombi plays a very important role in the fictional history of Oz .   The character was originally presented as a lowly hag who had enchanted Princess Ozma in order to prevent her from ascending to the throne . Later in the series , L. Frank Baum specified that she had once conquered and ruled the Gillikin Country , as the Wicked Witch of the North , only to be deposed by the Good Witch of the North .   Furthermore , Mombi had enslaved Ozma 's father ( King Pastoria ) and grandfather , thereby removing the Royal Family of Oz , and enabling herself and the Wicked Witches of the East , West and South to conquer and divide the land between them .   After forcing her to disenchant Princess Ozma , Glinda the Good Witch of the South made Mombi drink a powerful draught that stripped the old witch of all her magic powers .   Mombi did n't make any further appearances in L. Frank Baum 's books . In Ruth Plumly Thompson 's The Lost King of Oz , the witch raises havoc once again , and at the end of the book , in a rare act of Ozite capital punishment , Mombi is ruthlessly doused with water and melts away like the Wicked Witch of the West , so that nothing is left of her but her buckled shoes . L. Frank Baum never said that all witches in Oz would die upon contact with water , but Ruth Plumly Thompson and several subsequent writers such as Rachel Payes had made that conclusion .

neg: Yankee in Oz Yankee in Oz is a 1972 Oz novel by Ruth Plumly Thompson . It was the first published by The International Wizard of Oz Club . A letter from the Henry Regnery Company , which bought Reilly & Lee , is reproduced in the front indicating the publisher 's blessing for the new Oz book to appear . It was originally written in 1959 , but because the Oz books were not selling , it was not published . The first two editions of the book were published in 8 1/2 x 11 inch format and running only 94 pages . This was done at the request of illustrator Dick Martin to reduce the number of required illustrations and to show them closer to the actual size they were drawn . The second printing ( 1986 ) featured a new cover , with the first edition artwork reprinted preceding the title page . The third printing ( 2007 ) is standard Oz book size . Its cover is a gaudier redesign of the second edition cover . The book also features maps by James E. Haff , and as such , Thompson correctly places the Winkie Country in the west of Oz .

neg: Isle of Canes Isle of Canes ( ISBN 1-59331-306-3 ) , a novel by Elizabeth Shown Mills , follows an African family from its importation and enslavement in 1735 through four generations of freedom in Creole Louisiana to its re-subjugation by Jim Crow at the close of the nineteenth century . Mills explores the family 's `` struggle to find a place in -LSB- a -RSB- tightly defined world of black and white '' -- a world made more complex by the larger struggle of Louisiana 's native ancien regime to preserve its culture amid the Anglo-Protestant `` invasion '' that followed the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the resulting battle for political and social hegemony . Isle 's central theme is the ambiguous lives of those who escaped colonial slavery only to find they could not survive as free without complicity in the slave regime .   The novel 's subject-family is one that has been both romanticized and excoriated by journalists , academics , descendants , and current websites over the past half-century . Isle 's interpretation of their controversial role is based heavily on the author 's original research across three decades in the archives of six nations , and actual documents are interspersed throughout the novel . The author 's research began in 1972 when she was employed by a preservation society to document the history of one Isle landmark , Melrose Plantation .   Critical assessments of Isle of Canes focus on its upturning of stereotypes . Contemporary Lit describes the focus as `` Gone with the Wind from a vastly different , more important perspective ... not that of the plantation owner or the poor white ... but homme de couleur libre and slave ... capturing the agonizing decisions which tore families and communities apart . '' Historical Novels Review similarly observes , `` The Metoyers , a historical family both black and white and yet neither , challenge all perceptions of racial boundaries . You may never look at American History the same way again . ''   The Isle community is also the focus in Lalita Tademy 's Oprah Book Club pick , Cane River . Mills 's Isle explores the colonial roots of the community and the experience of slaves who achieved freedom prior to the onset of Louisiana 's Creole-Anglo conflict . Tademy 's story , whose earliest slave generations are based upon research by Mills and her daughter , portrays the mid-nineteenth -- and early-twentieth-century experiences of the community 's slave families who envied , respected , and resented the free status of the Isle 's Creoles de couleur libre -- some of whose blood they shared .   A third , much older novel , Lyle Saxon 's Children of Strangers , depicts the state of servitude into which the Islanders were subjected by the early twentieth-century . Saxon 's era was one in which the chatelaine of the family 's last remaining manor house ( Melrose Plantation , a National Historic Landmark since 1976 ) was an Anglo patroness of the arts , who encouraged Saxon to visit and `` observe '' the community first hand . Saxon 's portrayal captures the mindset of that era 's white population , who vacillated between economic exploitation of the Islanders , sexual attraction to their women , and a paternalistic view of the multiracial Creoles as `` simple people , but our people . ''   Historians struggle to understand the complexities of the Peculiar Institution -- particularly the motivation that compelled a significant number of freed American slaves to purchase other humans once free to do so . Edward P. Jones lays out one psychological path in The Known World creating a fictional anti-hero , the Black Virginian Henry Townsend , who is consumed by his self-centered ambition . Isle of Canes reconstructs the world of an actual family to define a radically different but equally uncomfortable trajectory by which more than a few ex-slaves survived a status many historians consider `` neither slave nor free . ''

neg: The Good Witch of the West is a series of fantasy novels by Noriko Ogiwara , published by Chuokoron-Shinsha . The series has been adapted into both a manga series and a thirteen episode anime television series broadcast in Japan in 2006 . The story revolves around a fifteen-year-old commoner who discovers that she is really a princess .   The manga and novels were licensed for English language releases in North America by Tokyopop . After Tokyopop went out of business JManga began translating the manga and has progressed farther than TokyoPop did .

neg: Bennet family The Bennet family are a fictional family of dwindling Hertfordshire landed gentry , created by English novelist Jane Austen . The family plays a central role in the novel Pride and Prejudice , since it is the one to which the protagonist , Elizabeth , belongs . The complex relationships between its various members influence the evolution of the plot .   In a society where marriage is the only possible future for a young girl of good family , the presence in the household of five girls to marry with no other advantage than their good looks can only be a source of concern . Yet the Bennet couple do not assume their role as educators : the mother repeatedly makes a spectacle of herself , incapable of realizing that her behaviour is more likely to put off any rich , eligible young man who noticed the oldest and most pretty of her daughters . All the while , the father , an indifferent husband , whose mocking gaze only makes things worse , since he has long-since given up on reining in her behaviour , more intent on ` enjoying the show ' than in correcting her behaviour , and the behaviour of his younger daughters , regardless of how negatively it affects his daughters ' chances of respectable matches .   These girls show very different behaviors according to the education they received or provided themselves : the two eldest daughters , Jane and Elizabeth , show irreproachable conduct and are appreciated by their father , while Mary , less physically attractive , displays intellectual and musical pretensions , and the two youngest are both left almost abandoned to run wild under the sloppy , careless supervision of their ineffectual mother .   Other members of the Bennets staged by Jane Austen are , on the one hand Mrs Bennet 's brother and sister -- Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips , on the other hand the designated heir of Mr. Bennet 's estate , his distant paternal second cousin , the pompous and foolish Mr. William Collins . Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips contribute significantly to the progress and outcome of the story , but at a level and in a different register reflecting their respective social belonging . Collins 's character serves as a link between the gentry of Hertfordshire , to which the Bennets belong , and the large property owners Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Mr. Darcy .   The legal , financial or emotional interests that unite or divide the members of the Bennet family allow Jane Austen to build a complex picture of society and to raise a number of societal issues specific to her time , particularly concerning girls ' education and legitimacy of certain behaviors .

neg: Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings .   The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . ''   Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy .   Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . ''   The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque .   Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories .   The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''

neg: Wicked (1998 film) Wicked is a 1998 American thriller film starring Julia Stiles as a disturbed teenage girl .

neg: The New World (newspaper) The New World was a weekly newspaper in New York City , New York , in the United States.The New World was published from October 1839 to 1845 by J. Winchester . The paper was founded and edited by Park Benjamin Sr. . It billed itself as an apolitical `` family newspaper '' , featuring British and American literature and religious discourses . The paper 's masthead reads : `` No pent-up Utica contracts our powers ; The whole unbounded Continent is ours ! , '' a quote originally attributed to Jonathan M. Sewall from his epilogue to Cato , a Tragedy in 1778 .   Notable contributions include :  Charles Dickens ' Barnaby Rudge , reprinted in 1841 in weekly installments after its original appearance in Master Humphrey 's Clock .  Thomas Carlyle 's six-part lecture series On Heroes , Hero-Worship , and The Heroic in History , printed in 1841 .  Thomas Moore 's `` Fifteen Songs , '' a collection of unpublished songs published in 1841 , which were later released in The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore .  Anna Cora Mowatt 's complete play , Gulzara or The Persian Slave : 1 drama in Five Acts , in 1841 .  E.P. Hurlbut 's `` The Rights of Woman , '' later published in his work , Essays on Human Rights and their Political Gauranties in 1845 . Hurlbut knew Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 follows many of the examples set forth in `` The Rights of Woman . ''  G.P.R. James ' complete novels , The Jacquerie and Morley Ernstein ; or , The Tenants of the Heart , both published in extra editions in 1842 .  Sarah Stickney Ellis ' complete novel , Summer and Winter in the Pyrenees .

neg: With Lee in Virginia, A Story of the American Civil War With Lee in Virginia , A Story of the American Civil War ( 1890 ) is a book by British author G.A. Henty . It was published by Blackie and Son Ltd , London . Henty 's character , Vincent Wingfield , fights for the Confederate States of America , even though he is against slavery . As suggested by the title , he is primarily with the Army of Northern Virginia . Henty 's novel has been cited by some  literary historians as an example of British right-wingers ' sympathy for the Confederate cause ; discussing With Lee in Virginia ,  Jeffrey Richards cites the book as `` significantly pro-Southern '' . Henty defends slavery throughout the  novel , stating although slavery was capable of `` abominable '' cruelty under brutal masters ,  '' . . taken all in all , the negroes on a well-ordered estate , under kind masters , were probably a happier class of people than the laborers upon any estate in Europe . '' At the novel 's end , Henty has the Wingfield family 's  former slaves return and continue working for their former owners :  The negroes , however , for the most part remained steadily working on the estate . A few wandered away , but their places were easily filled ; for the majority of the freed slaves very soon discovered that their lot was a far harder one than it had been before , and that freedom so suddenly given was a curse rather than a blessing to them .  Richards cites the novel as an example of Henty 's belief in the `` incapacity '' of blacks and notes that  With Lee In Virginia argues that `` a system of slavery is acceptable so long as the slave owners treat their slaves decently and humanely '' . Nathaniel Cadle claims With Lee in Virginia 's plot works  to `` romanticize and oversimplify the relationship between white Confederate slave owners and their black chattel . ''   The book has been lauded by the right-wing , Neo-Confederate magazine  Southern Partisan , who described With Lee in Virginia as `` the sort of book Southern Partisan readers ought to pass on to their own sons . The politics of sectional conflict are n't oversimplified , but the bias is one Southern Partisan readers are likely to applaud '' .

neg: Poem on the Evil Times of Edward II Poem on the Evil Times of Edward II , also known as The Simonie and Symonie and Couetise , is a Middle English poem in three distinct versions probably composed and modified over a century by anonymous authors . The original poem , perhaps not exactly reproduced by any of the surviving texts , has been dated to 1321 by Thomas Wright ( 1839 ) , to 1327 by J. Aberth ( 2000 ) , and to 1322-30 by Dan Embree and Elizabeth Urquhart ( 1991 ) .   Version A is in Edinburgh , National Library of Scotland , MS Advocates 19.2.1 . It is 476 lines long , breaking off in mid-stanza . It can be s dated to the 1320s or 30s .   Version B is in Oxford , Bodleian Library , MS Bodley 48 . It is 413 lines long , but 216 lines have been cut from the manuscript . It can be dated to the 1320s   Version C is in Cambridge , Peterhouse MS 104 . It is 468 lines long , apparently complete . It might be dated to any point up to the date of the manuscript itself -- 1375-1425 .   The three versions vary radically from one another -- much more extensively than is usual for a text that has been merely copied and much more chaotically than is plausible for a text revised by its author . Each version has unique inclusions and omissions ; only 35 percent of the lines in A are shared by B and C.   It was a `` social protest '' poem that arose in the aftermath of the Great Famine of 1315-1317 . It clearly targeted the negligences and vices of specific social groups , such as the clergy and nobility , within the context of the failures of the Great Famine and wars of the early 14th century . The tradition of social protest poems in England would later culminate with Piers Plowman -- see Piers Plowman tradition for further discussion .

neg: White Witch Jadis is the main antagonist of The Magician 's Nephew and of The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe in C. S. Lewis 's series , The Chronicles of Narnia . She is commonly referred to as the White Witch in The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , as she is the Witch who froze Narnia in the Hundred Years Winter .   Some recent editions of the books include brief notes , added by later editors , that describe the cast of characters . As Lewis scholar Peter Schakel points out , the description there of Jadis and the Queen of Underland ( the main antagonist of The Silver Chair ) `` states incorrectly that the Queen of Underland is an embodiment of Jadis '' . Beyond characterising the two as `` Northern Witches '' , Lewis 's text does not connect them . See Lady of the Green Kirtle for further discussion .

neg: Wicked (1931 film) Wicked ( 1931 ) is an American Pre-Code prison melodrama about a woman who commits murder while trying to save her bandit husband and bears a child in prison . The movie is also known as Condannata in Italy and Malvada in Spain . The production dates were between early June and early July 1931 .

neg: A Connecticut Yankee (film) A Connecticut Yankee is a 1931 American Pre-Code film adaptation of Mark Twain 's 1889 novel , A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court . It was directed by David Butler to a script by William M. Conselman , Owen Davis , and Jack Moffitt . It was produced by Fox Film Corporation ( later 20th Century Fox ) , who had earlier produced the 1921 silent adaptation of the novel , A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court . A Connecticut Yankee is the first sound film adaptation of Twain 's novel .   As in The Wizard of Oz , many of the actors in the film play more than one role , a character in the real world and one in the dream world . The film stars Will Rogers as Hank Martin , an American accidental time traveler who finds himself in Camelot back in the days of King Arthur ( William Farnum , a Fox star for many years ) . Myrna Loy and Brandon Hurst play the evil Morgan le Fay and Merlin , who must be overcome by Hank 's modern technical knowledge , while Maureen O'Sullivan plays Alisande .   Fox was likely inspired to produce A Connecticut Yankee based on the success of the 1921 silent film . The 1931 version was likewise successful , and was re-released in 1936 . It is unrelated to the 1927 musical also titled A Connecticut Yankee .   The hero 's name was changed from Hank Morgan to Hank Martin , possibly because the original name sounded too similar to that of actor Frank Morgan .   A trailer for the film exists at the Library of Congress .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Jereboam O. Beauchamp Jereboam Orville Beauchamp ( -LSB- dʒɛrəˈboʊ.əm _ ˈɔrvɪl_ˈbiːtʃəm -RSB- September 6 , 1802 -- July 7 , 1826 ) was an American lawyer who murdered the Kentucky legislator Solomon P. Sharp ; the crime is known as the Beauchamp -- Sharp Tragedy . In 1821 , Sharp had been accused in Bowling Green , Kentucky by Anna Cooke of fathering her illegitimate child ; it was stillborn . Sharp denied paternity , and public opinion favored him . In 1824 , Beauchamp married Cooke , who was sixteen years older than he . She asked him to kill Sharp to defend her honor .   When Sharp campaigned in 1825 for a seat in the Kentucky House of Representatives , opponents revived the story of his alleged illegitimate child by Cooke . They distributed campaign literature claiming the child was mulatto . Enraged , Beauchamp renewed his intention to avenge his wife 's honor . In the early morning of November 7 , 1825 , he tricked Sharp to open the door at his home in Frankfort , and fatally stabbed him .   Beauchamp was convicted of the murder and sentenced to hang . The morning of the execution , he and his wife attempted a double suicide by stabbing themselves with a knife she had smuggled into prison . She was successful ; he was not . Beauchamp was rushed to the gallows before he could bleed to death , and was hanged on July 7 , 1826 . The bodies of Jereboam and Anna Beauchamp were arranged in an embrace and buried in a single coffin , as they had requested . The Beauchamp -- Sharp Tragedy inspired fictional works such as Edgar Allan Poe 's unfinished play , Politian , and Robert Penn Warren 's World Enough and Time ( 1950 ) .

neg: The Seven Descents of Myrtle The Seven Descents of Myrtle is a play by Tennessee Williams . It originally began as a short story , which Williams then turned into a one-act play , and then later revised it into the seven-act play that is accepted today . Its title character is reminiscent of another Williams ' heroine , Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire .   Originally titled Kingdom of Earth , the serio-comic play focuses on Lot , a tubercular neurotic youth who is an impotent transvestite overly attached to the memory of his late mother . He has returned to his ancestral home , a decaying house on the edge of a river on the verge of overflowing , with his new bride Myrtle , a sometime prostitute and former showgirl , the sole survivor of the Five Memphis Hot Shots . She dwells in a fantasy world of romantic illusions , one of which is to nurse Lot back to health so they can consummate their marriage , but soon discovers Lot only wants to use her to steal the deed to the property from his multiracial half-brother Chicken , who has lived on and farmed the property for years . Once he meets Myrtle , he gets some romantic designs of his own .   The Broadway production was produced by David Merrick and directed by José Quintero . After two previews , it opened on March 27 , 1968 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and closed after 29 performances . It starred Brian Bedford as Lot , Harry Guardino as Chicken , and Estelle Parsons as Myrtle . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play .   In 1970 , the play was adapted to a feature film and released under the title Last of the Mobile Hot Shots ( aka `` Blood Kin '' ) .   A 1975 production in London , at the Greenwood Theatre , starring Marianne Faithfull as Myrtle , was cancelled after just three performances when Ms Faithfull fell ill with peritonitis .   In 1976 , the play had its West Coast premiere at The Pasadena Repertory Theatre located in The Hotel Carver in Pasadena , California . It starred Marie Peckinpah as Myrtle , Duane Waddell as Chicken , and Ed Harris as Lot . It featured a remarkable three story , rain-drenched set by Howard Whalen . The play was presented under Williams ' original title `` Kingdom of Earth '' and ran for approximately 24 weekend performances over three months . It was directed by Gill Dennis , with executive producer Duane Waddell , and produced by Kevin Cloud Brechner .   In 1991 , the play was produced in the UK at the Redgrave Theatre , Farnham starring Kit Hollerbach as Myrtle , Stephen Hattersley as Chicken and Marc Warren as Lot in a production directed by Bill Bankes-Jones . Stephen Hattersley won Best Actor 1991 in the TMA Awards for his performance in this production .   In 2011 it was revived at the Print Room in Notting Hill , under its alternative title Kingdom of Earth , directed by Lucy Bailey .   In 2012 , Tom Hiddleston did a reading of the short story version for the series Stories Before Bedtime at the Criterion-Theatre in the United Kingdom . This short story is a more erotic version written in the first person from the perspective of Chicken .

neg: Mockingbird (Eminem song) `` Mockingbird '' is a song by American rapper Eminem from his fifth studio album Encore ( 2004 ) . It was released as the fifth single from the album in April 2005 . It peaked at number eleven on the Billboard Hot 100 , and number four in the United Kingdom . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Solo Performance . `` Mockingbird '' was later included on Eminem 's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call : The Hits ( 2005 ) .   The song is another that addresses Eminem 's relationship with his daughter Hailie Jade , his adopted daughter Alaina and his relationship with his wife Kim . The single cover features a still from the video with Eminem sitting on the couch . This song was also featured on the 2005 compilation album Now That 's What I Call Music 19 ( U.S. series ) .

neg: The Jew (play) The Jew is a comedy written by playwright Richard Cumberland and first presented at the Drury Lane Theatre in London in May 1794 . The play is notable as the first play in the English theatre to portray a Jewish moneylender as the hero of a stage production . An adaptation of the original play along with a facsimile copy of The Jew was published in 2012 as Sheva , the Benevolent .   The anti-Jewish tradition on the English stage dates back at least to the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and is exemplified by the characters of Shylock in William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice and Barabas in Christopher Marlowe 's The Jew of Malta . In a series of articles called Observer , first published in 1785 , Cumberland created a character named Abraham Abrahams who would later serve as a template for Sheva , the title character in The Jew . In one instalment of Observer , Abrahams is quoted as saying , `` I verily believe the odious character of Shylock has brought little less persecution upon us , poor scattered sons of Abraham , than the Inquisition itself . '' A decade later , in writing The Jew , Cumberland sought to create a positive image of a Jewish man that would counteract centuries of anti-Semitic portraits . The tremendous success of the initial production prompted Cumberland to later write , `` The benevolence of the audience assisted me in rescuing a forlorn and persecuted character , which till then had only been brought upon the stage for the unmanly purpose of being made a spectacle of contempt , and a butt for ridicule . In the success of this comedy I felt of course a greater gratification , than I had ever felt upon a like occasion . ''   Shortly after its London premiere , the play began to be performed in the United States , first in Boston , Philadelphia , and New York City and , later , in Richmond , Charleston , and many other cities and towns . The play was also translated into numerous languages including German , French , Hebrew , Yiddish , and Russian . The last known New York production under its original title was presented at the Bronx Free Synagogue in 1919 .

neg: Wilmot Redd Wilmot Redd ( a.k.a. Wilmot Read and Wilmot Reed ) ( early 17th century - September 22 , 1692 ) was one of the victims of the Salem witch trials of 1692 . She was born in Marblehead , Massachusetts , and executed by hanging on September 22 , 1692 . Her husband was Samuel Redd , a fisherman . She was known for her irritability , but she was given little serious attention and , to her neighbors , was `` probably more bitch than witch . ''   Redd was apprehended on May 28 , 1692 , by local constable James Smith . The warrant was signed by Magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne . The charge brought against her was one of having `` committed sundry acts of witchcraft on bodys of Mary Walcott & Mercy Lewis and others in Salem Village to their great hurt . ''   A preliminary examination took place on May 31 , 1692 , at Nathan Ingersoll 's house in Salem Village . This was Redd 's first meeting with the children she allegedly bewitched . They promptly fell into fits , and when asked what she thought ailed them , Redd said , `` I can not tell . '' Urged to give an opinion , she stated , `` My opinion is they are in a sad condition . ''   Indicted as a witch , Redd was accused of `` detestable arts called Witchcraft and Sorceries wickedly , mallitiously -LSB- sic -RSB- and felloniously used , practiced & exercised at the Towne of Salem . ''

neg: Wicked Appetite Wicked Appetite is a 2010 novel by Janet Evanovich set in Salem , Massachusetts .   Elizabeth Tucker ( referred to as Lizzie ) is a baker at Dazzle 's Bakery , specialising in cupcakes . Lizzie has recently moved to Salem after inheriting her aunt 's house .  Diesel ( from Visions of Sugar Plums , Plum Lovin '' ' , Plum Spooky , and Plum Lucky , the `` Between The Numbers '' Stephanie Plum holiday novellas ) appears out of thin air in Dazzle 's Bakery after Lizzie has been accosted by Gerwulf Grimoire , otherwise known as Wulf ( from Plum Spooky ) .   Unbeknownst to her , Lizzie is an Unmentionable , with a special talent for finding things that Diesel needs . A Stone of Power has re-surfaced and Diesel needs to get to it before Wulf does . The Seven Stones of Power reflect each of the Seven Deadly Sins , the stone in this book dedicated to the sin of gluttony . The stones are known by the acronym SALIGIA , from the Latin names for the sins : superbia , avaritia , luxuria , invidia , gula , ira , & acedia , or pride , greed , lust , envy , gluttony , anger , & sloth .   Lizzie 's co-worker Glo , not an Unmentionable but a Questionable , tries out a number of spells with unusual results . Lizzie adopts an odd orange one-eyed cat , who possibly belonged to her deceased Aunt Ophelia , and Carl , the monkey with an attitude problem , rides along . Carl the monkey was introduced in Fearless Fourteen humping Brenda 's hair , and was featured in Plum Spooky .   A sequel , titled Wicked Business '' , was released on June 19 , 2012 .