query: Regularly exercising can prevent coronary artery disease.

pos: Coronary artery disease Coronary artery disease ( CAD ) , also known as ischemic heart disease ( IHD ) , is a group of diseases that includes : stable angina , unstable angina , myocardial infarction , and sudden cardiac death . It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type . A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder , arm , back , neck , or jaw . Occasionally it may feel like heartburn . Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress , last less than a few minutes , and get better with rest . Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present . The first sign is occasionally a heart attack . Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat .    Risk factors include : high blood pressure , smoking , diabetes , lack of exercise , obesity , high blood cholesterol , poor diet , and excessive alcohol , among others . Other risks include depression . The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart . A number of tests may help with diagnoses including : electrocardiogram , cardiac stress testing , coronary computed tomographic angiography , and coronary angiogram , among others .   Prevention is by eating a healthy diet , regular exercise , maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking . Sometimes medication for diabetes , high cholesterol , or high blood pressure are also used . There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms . Treatment involves the same measures as prevention . Additional medications such as antiplatelets including aspirin , beta blockers , or nitroglycerin may be recommended . Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) or coronary artery bypass surgery ( CABG ) may be used in severe disease . In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk .   In 2015 CAD affected 110 million people and resulted in 8.9 million deaths . It makes up 15.9 % of all deaths making it the most common cause of death globally . The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 , especially in developed countries . The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010 . In the United States in 2010 about 20 % of those over 65 had CAD , while it was present in 7 % of those 45 to 64 , and 1.3 % of those 18 to 45 . Rates are higher among men than women of a given age .

neg: American Academy of Health Behavior The American Academy of Health Behavior was founded on April 1 , 1997 to `` transform the health promotion and health education field from a teaching - and service-centered profession to one with a stronger research foundation in which discovery would be valued as a means of improving practice and enhancing public health . The origination of the Academy was based on the belief that the future growth and evolution of the health promotion and health education fields rested on a strong commitment to conducting and disseminating quality research . ''   The inspiration for American Academy of Health Behavior came from Dr. Elbert D. Glover and evolved from a vision he had for more than 2 decades to create an academy of health behavior scholars . He was a trained health educator and as a university professor experienced that academic health educators often were less respected ( and less rewarded ) on university campuses than their peers in other academic disciplines . Further , he believed that this `` lesser respect '' emanated from a perception that in many research-intensive and doctoral degree-granting institutions , health education research often lacked `` centrality '' with respect to the mission of the university compared to the research carried out in other disciplines .   Founding Members  On April 1 , 1997 while serving as a professor at the West Virginia University School of Medicine , Glover identified 34 researchers from throughout the United States with whom he shared his vision and a draft of proposed organizational bylaws . Ultimately , 32 individuals accepted the invitation and formed the body of Founding Members of The Academy . The Founding Members are presented in the chronological order in which they agreed to be named founding members of The Academy .   Elbert D. Glover ( Founder )   Founding Members  Chudley E. Werch  Mark B. Dignan  Terri Mulkins Manning  David R. Black  Robert F. Valois  Mark J. Kittleson  Cheryl J. Rainey  Kenneth R. McLeroy  Robert J. McDermott  David F. Duncan  Scott J. Leischow  James H. Price  James M. Eddy  Michael Young  Ray Tricker  Robert M. Weiler  John P. Foreyt  Ian M. Newman  Min Qi Wang  Thomas W. O'Rourke  Beverly S. Mahoney  Mohammad R. Torabi  Stuart W. Fors  Robert S. Gold  Molly T. Laflin  Paul D. Sarvela  Melody P. Noland  Mary S. Sutherland  Cheryl L. Perry  Lawrence W. Green  Rick A. Petosa  Nicholas K. Iammarino   Glover believed that by forming a solid member base of like-minded prolific researchers , these well-known and widely respected scholars would attract other researchers to The Academy . Several of newly committed founding members were skeptical about the likely acceptance and success of a new professional association focused principally on the research enterprise . As enticements , he subsidized the Founding Members ' first 2 years of organizational dues , including a subscription to the American Journal of Health Behavior , which he designated in the bylaws as The Academy 's official professional journal . At that time , the American Journal of Health Behavior had been in existence for over 2 decades and owned by Glover . The Journal was well respected and a venue for publishing quality health-behavior research . He reasoned that by naming the Journal the official publication of The Academy the organization would gain immediate visibility and credibility . The 2 entities flourished in their coexistence , however , after several years of coexistence and by mutual agreement , eventually parted ways and no longer partake in a relationship .   Charter Members  After recruiting The Academy 's Founders , he opened up the organization for membership to other qualified applicants . Each of the 18 persons who joined during the subsequent year was given the designation of Charter Member . The Charter Members became the backbone of the organization , earning themselves a deserved special status in The Academy inasmuch as they were the first dues-paying members . These Charter Members are listed they joined The Academy .   1 . Dennis L. Thombs  2 . Ansa Ojanlatva  3 . Gregory H. Frazer  4 . Patricia D. Mail  5 . Raymond L. Goldsteen  6 . Eugene C. Fitzhugh  7 . Lynda B. Ransdell  8 . Randall L. Cottrell  9 . Mark . G. Wilson  10 . Michael W. Felts  11 . Patricia C. Dunn  12 . John P. Sciacca  13 . Mary A. Nies  14 . Susan K. Telljohann  15 . Jennie J. Kronenfeld  16 . Karen D. Liller  17 . Stephen B. Thomas   Conceptual Foundations  Establishment of The Academy set in motion a new direction for the field that was grounded in a distinctive set of conceptual underpinnings . The first of these principles was the establishment of a meritocracy that acknowledged the competitive nature of the research environment , challenged members to produce quality research , and recognized outstanding research contributions . The second belief was that advancement of evidence-based practice would be more likely to occur if nurtured by a professional organization that explicitly identified research as its primary focus . The third tenet recognized a need for a forum to review and evaluate research being conducted so as to improve its quality and dissemination . The fourth underpinning was the desire to overcome partisan , protective agendas of traditional disciplines by stimulating multidisciplinary research and learning . Finally , The Academy was established to inform and educate scholars about the latest in research innovations as well as to inspire a commitment to high-quality investigation among emerging researchers and students in doctoral education programs . By acknowledging and pledging commitment to these philosophies , The Academy began to secure its unique niche among professional organizations .   Official Seal  To represent its underpinnings as a professional society , The Academy adopted the lamp of learning ( the intellectual source of light ) as the central focus of its official seal . The lamp is arched by a banner containing The Academy motto that Founding Member Dr Robert M. Weiler proposed . It reads : `` Mores Scientia Sanitas '' ( Behavior-Knowledge-Health ) . The lamp is underscored by 2 laurel branches , symbolic of conquest ( i.e. , of knowledge ) ; a series of 5-pointed stars , which from heraldry represents knightly rank and is an ideogram for seeking out that which is mystic ; and finally , the year of The Academy 's founding , 1997 .   Initial Board of Directors  The Board was described as a `` worker bee '' group inasmuch as there was no true executive director , no history , and no previous modus operandi . In addition to Dr Glover , members of the Founding Board included Dr David R. Black , Dr James M. Eddy , Dr Nicholas K. Iammarino , Dr Mark J. Kittleson , Dr Molly T. Laflin , Dr Terri Mulkins Manning , Dr Robert J. McDermott , Dr Mohammad R. Torabi , Dr Robert M. Weiler , and Dr Chudley E. `` Chad '' Werch . Of the initial 11 board members , 6 went on to become Presidents of the Academy ( Glover , Werch , McDermott , Torabi , Black and Laflin ) and one Executive Director ( Manning ) .   Minimum Membership Qualifications  The Academy was the first of its type to require that applicants meet certain minimum qualifications related to research prowess . To be a Qualified Member , applicants needed to : ( 1 ) provide evidence of scientific training beyond the undergraduate level ; and ( 2 ) have authored or coauthored at least 10 data-based papers ( quantitative or qualitative ) published in national or international journals that regularly report the findings of original health behavior , health education , or health promotion research . Moreover , the membership criteria fulfilled another of The Academy 's basic tenets -- that of being a meritocracy . The category of Affiliate Member was open to new professionals and doctoral students holding or working toward a doctoral degree who demonstrated evidence of scientific training beyond the undergraduate level and had at least 2 refereed data-based papers ( quantitative or qualitative ) published in national or international journals . Requiring data-based publications even of new researchers made an emphatically powerful and proactive statement about the importance that The Academy attached to research as well as serving as a segue later on for mentoring of Affiliate Members by Qualified Members .   Uniqueness of The Academy  In addition to a commitment to both research and a meritocracy , The Academy was unique in other ways . Most national organizations attract large numbers of members consequently ; necessitate meetings to be held in large that had attracted 10,000 or more attendees and necessitated that these meetings be held primarily in large cities such as New York ; Chicago ; Los Angeles ; San Francisco ; Boston ; New Orleans ; Washington , DC ; and the like . Moreover , active participants in these conferences rarely had opportunity to enjoy the venue in which their conference took place and , as often as not , became overwhelmed by the size of the meeting and the chaos of the metropolitan location . Glover saw the advantages of having a small scientific meeting and pledged that The Academy would leverage this advantage to host its scientific meetings in `` unique and unusual '' settings -- locations that did not require space for thousands , but rather , for 125-150 participants . From its inception , the Founding Members never envisioned The Academy as needing to become a large organization in order to thrive , nor did they become aggressive in soliciting members . The Academy 's mission was to promote and disseminate high-quality research and be a home for persons conducting rigorous health-behavior investigative studies . The absence of great concern about organizational size opened the door to the distinctive elements of exceptional hotels and venues of quaint hospitality and other unique features .   In addition to the unique and unusual features of the locations for the scientific meetings , it was determined that the scientific program itself would be entirely plenary rather than diluted into multiple concurrent sessions . Moreover , some of the most renowned researchers available were recruited as speakers yearly for each session . Whereas the emphasis of the plenary sessions of the first several scientific meetings was to expose attendees to examples of rigorously conducted , cutting-edge research and a diverse set of presenters and topics , meeting organizers gradually began to plan around specific themes and is the basis for current conferences .   The philosophy guiding the program plan was that a portion of each day would be free for persons to participate in optional workshops , meet informally around professional interests , or disdain professional affairs for a period of the day to return in the early evening for structured social activity concurrent with scientific poster presentations . Thus , the overscheduling that occurs in many conferences was avoided , and the opportunity to enjoy the comforts and attractions of the host site with professional colleges is encouraged .   Emergence of The Academy  Everyone in the health education field did not uniformly embrace the emergence of The Academy . Some alleged that creating and promoting a new health education organization in what was already a crowded and fractionated field would only confound that situation further . Others viewed The Academy as an unnecessary upstart being promoted by `` a small minority of malcontents . '' Some saw The Academy as a competitor . Still others described The Academy with actual contempt , identifying The Academy as being `` elitist '' ( presumably because of its membership eligibility criteria and choices of scientific meeting sites ) and `` sexist '' ( presumably because just 14 of the original 51 Founding Members and Charter Members were women ) . However , today over 50 % of the members are female . What is certain is that The Academy did not go unnoticed by persons in the profession . As time has passed , The Academy established a niche for itself and is now a well-respected research organization .   Recognitions within The Academy : Fellow , Research Laureate and Lifetime Achievement Recognitions  Fellow  Typically with most organizations , one 's service contributions , name recognition , and organizational longevity alone satisfy inclusion criteria to be named a Fellow within an organization . In contrast , Glover wanted The Academy 's Fellow status to necessitate meeting explicit , rigorous , and verifiable criteria based exclusively on one 's demonstrable scholarship with respect to research -- peer-reviewed publications , grants , and presentations to scholarly audiences . Thus , in keeping with the meritocratic theme of the organization , he established the Fellow status for researchers who had 50 or more data-based peer-reviewed publications in journals of at least national dissemination , and who met at least one of the following criteria : ( 1 ) had made at least 75 scientific presentations , ( 2 ) had been awarded at least 25 grants , ( 3 ) had been awarded cumulative grant funding of at least $ 1.5 million , or ( 4 ) had contributed significantly to the advancement of knowledge in health behavior through such magnitude as to equal any of the other categories above . The Board of Directors embraced and approved the establishment of these criteria .   Research Laureate Medallion  Moreover , the Board discussed his recommendation and eventually agreed to the establishment of a unique award designated for Fellows whose career made them stand out , even in a field of accomplished individuals . This award became the Research Laureate Medallion of The Academy . Unlike the various plaques , trophies , or certificates that are commonly received by individuals who emerge as the best in their field , the Research Laureate Medallion was intended to be an exceptional and prized representation of excellence . The concept of the medallion and its eventual design was a consequence of the combined labor of Dr Glover ; Dr Robert M. Weiler and Dr Molly T. Laflin . Glover inspired the belief that being a recipient of the Research Laureate Medallion could one day be the benchmark of fame for health behavior researchers . The first recipient of this prestigious award was Dr Lawrence W. Green , a highly respected researcher , theoretician , and philosopher across numerous disciplines related to health behavior and health care . The Academy quickly established the tradition of having the previous year 's recipient become the presenter of the Research Laureate Medallion to the subsequent year 's awardee . A complete list of recipients can be found at The Academy web site ( www.aahb.org ) .   Lifetime Achievement Award  The Lifetime Achievement Award was developed by the initial Academy board members to recognize significant influence and impact on the field of health behavior research . In 2000 , the Board of Directors granted the first Lifetime Achievement Award recognition to Glover in the form of The American Academy of Health Behavior Lifetime Achievement Award in acknowledgment both of his research and his tireless work as the visionary in founding The Academy . The award has been subsequently awarded to only 2 other individuals , the noted psychologist , researcher , and theorist , Dr Albert Bandura , in 2006 . In 2013 Dr Larry W. Green was also awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award as he clearly represented one of the most influential health behavior researchers in the field .   The Academy Today  The Academy has attracted scholars from several disciplines , shaping it into the multidisciplinary group that was envisioned . The annual scientific meeting is now a coveted venue to be either an invited speaker , which is the only avenue to present , or to be a research poster presenter . The annual meetings continue to be held in unique and unusual venues . The meeting has become an avenue for the mentoring of young researchers -- through roundtables , special mentoring workshops , and by means of the numerous informal opportunities provided to interact with highly accomplished researchers . To give formal recognition to an emerging researcher , The Academy established the Judy K. Black Early Career Research Award as further demonstration of its commitment to nurturing research . Judy K. Black was the wife of Dr David R. Black , one of The Academy 's Founding Members . She died in a tragic automobile accident in 2003 . She was herself a dedicated professional , motivator , and mentor to students .   As The Academy completes its second decennial of scientific meetings , it can reflect favorably on what has been accomplished . It has abandoned neither its standards nor its passion . It has silenced most of its skeptics and detractors . Most importantly , it has fulfilled the promise of its visionary : to place science and discovery as the premiere values of a field of endeavor and to draw upon the richness of skilled investigators from a wide array of disciplines . Whereas the richness of thought and tradition among members of The Academy alone may never succeed entirely in conquering every health-behavior research challenge on the horizon , The Academy can take pride in having encouraged the spirit of many researchers to seek out further discoveries and new solutions . To that end , and as The Academy guard has changed , every new member-researcher has within his or her grasp the possibility of contributing to its further evolution .

neg: Cancer prevention Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the risk of cancer . The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors , and many , but not all , of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices . Greater than 30 % of cancer deaths could be prevented by avoiding risk factors including : tobacco , overweight / obesity , an insufficient diet , physical inactivity , alcohol , sexually transmitted infections , and air pollution . Not all environmental causes are controllable , such as naturally occurring background radiation , and other cases of cancer are caused through hereditary genetic disorders , and thus it is not possible to prevent all cases of cancer .

neg: Testosterone and the cardiovascular system The predominant androgen in men , testosterone , has shown to substantially decline throughout the aging process . The decline in both serum and total testosterone with age have been linked to several disease states in men . In particular , cardiac failure and ischemic heart disease have been linked to this natural biochemical decline in testosterone . Previously , the higher cardiovascular risk in men has been attributed in part to the negative effects of systemic testosterone , however , more recent research has highlighted the protective nature of testosterone against cardiovascular disease . The magnitude and mechanism of action by which low testosterone in men is influential in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular risk and the potential benefits of testosterone therapy has yet to be fully determined .

neg: Heart failure Heart failure ( HF ) , often referred to as congestive heart failure ( CHF ) , occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body 's needs . Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath , excessive tiredness , and leg swelling . The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise , while lying down , and may wake the person at night . A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature . Chest pain , including angina , does not typically occur due to heart failure .   Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction ( heart attack ) , high blood pressure , atrial fibrillation , valvular heart disease , excess alcohol use , infection , and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause . These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart . There are two main types of heart failure : heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on whether the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected , or the heart 's ability to relax . The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise . Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction ( in which part of the heart muscle dies ) or cardiac arrest ( in which blood flow stops altogether ) . Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity , kidney failure , liver problems , anemia , and thyroid disease .   The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography . Blood tests , electrocardiography , and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause . Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease . In people with chronic stable mild heart failure , treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking , physical exercise , and dietary changes , as well as medications . In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction , angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended . For those with severe disease , aldosterone antagonists , or hydralazine with a nitrate may be used . Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention . Sometimes , depending on the cause , an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended . In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy ( CRT ) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit . A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures .   Heart failure is a common , costly , and potentially fatal condition . In 2015 it affected about 40 million people globally . In developed countries , around 2 % of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65 , this increases to 6 -- 10 % . In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35 % after which it decreases to below 10 % each year . This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer . In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5 % of emergency hospital admissions . Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE .

neg: Anabolic steroid Anabolic steroids , also known more properly as anabolic-androgenic steroids ( AAS ) , are steroidal androgens that include natural androgens like testosterone as well as synthetic substances that are structurally related and have similar effects to testosterone . They are anabolic and increase protein within cells , especially in skeletal muscles . AAS also have varying degrees of androgenic and virilizing effects , including induction of the development and maintenance of masculine secondary sexual characteristics such as the growth of the vocal cords and body hair . The word anabolic , referring to anabolism , comes from the Greek ἀναβολή anabole , `` that which is thrown up , mound . '' They are one of three types of sex hormone agonists , the others being estrogens like estradiol and progestogens like progesterone .   AAS were synthesized in the 1930s , and are now used therapeutically in medicine to stimulate muscle growth and appetite , induce male puberty and treat chronic wasting conditions , such as cancer and . The American College of Sports Medicine acknowledges that AAS , in the presence of adequate diet , can contribute to increases in body weight , often as lean mass increases and that the gains in muscular strength achieved through high-intensity exercise and proper diet can be additionally increased by the use of AAS in some individuals .   Health risks can be produced by long-term use or excessive doses of AAS . These effects include harmful changes in cholesterol levels ( increased low-density lipoprotein and decreased high-density lipoprotein ) , acne , high blood pressure , liver damage ( mainly with most oral AAS ) , and dangerous changes in the structure of the left ventricle of the heart . Conditions pertaining to hormonal imbalances such as gynecomastia and testicular size reduction may also be caused by AAS .   Ergogenic uses for AAS in sports , racing , and bodybuilding as performance-enhancing drugs are controversial because of their adverse effects and the potential to gain unfair advantage in competitive physical competitions . Their use is referred to as doping and banned by most major sporting bodies . For many years , AAS have been by far the most detected doping substances in IOC-accredited laboratories . In countries where AAS are controlled substances , there is often a black market in which smuggled , clandestinely manufactured or even counterfeit drugs are sold to users .

neg: Pulled hamstring Straining of the hamstring , also known as a pulled hamstring , is defined as an excessive stretch or tear of muscle fibers and related tissues .  Hamstring injuries are common in athletes participating in many sports and are very difficult to treat and rehabilitate . Track and field athletes are particularly at risk , as hamstring injuries have been estimated to make up 29 % of all injuries in sprinters .   The biceps femoris long head is at the most risk for injury , possibly due to its reduced moment of knee and hip flexion as compared to the medial hamstrings .   The hamstrings undergo a complex dynamic process during gait , making it unsurprising that they are frequently injured . They must first contract concentrically during the end of the stance phase in order to bend the knee and allow the foot ( along with dorsiflexion at the ankle ) to clear the ground . At the end of the swing phase the hamstrings must eccentrically contract while applying a braking moment to knee extension , then immediately change functions to again concentrically contract and produce hip extension . Studies have shown that `` the hamstring group reaches peak elongation and acts eccentrically at the hip and knee during the late swing phases of running '' and that `` the hamstrings are most active and develop the greatest torques at the hip and knee during the late swing through midstance phase of running . '' Thus , the hamstrings reach their maximum length while attempting to forcefully contract eccentrically and switch functions to immediately produce a concentric contraction , which makes the terminal part of swing phase the most vulnerable for injury .   There have been many other proposed predisposing factors to injury . These include muscle weakness , muscle imbalance , poor flexibility , fatigue , inadequate warm up , poor neuromuscular control , and poor running technique . One of the few predisposing factors that most researchers agree upon however is previous hamstring injury . Brokett et al. ( 2004 ) stated that `` the athletes most at risk of a hamstring strain are those with a previous history of such injury '' and noted that 34 % of the hamstring injuries were recurrences . '' Cameron et al. also found that 34 % of injuries recur in the same season . Arnason et al. . generalized these numbers , saying that previous injury was in itself an independent risk factor for re-injury .

neg: Fitness culture Fitness culture is a sociocultural phenomenon which refers to the culture surrounding physical exercises . It is usually associated with gym culture , as doing physical exercises in locations such as gyms , wellness centres and health clubs is a popular activity . An international survey found that more than 27 % of world total adult population attends fitness centres , and that 61 % of regular exercisers are currently doing `` gym-type '' activities .

neg: Carbohydrate loading Carbohydrate loading , commonly referred to as carb-loading or carbo-loading , is a strategy used by endurance athletes , such as runners , to maximise the storage of glycogen ( or energy ) in the muscles and liver .   Carbohydrate loading is also used in healthcare to optimise the condition of patients prior to colorectal surgery .   Carbohydrate loading is generally recommended for endurance events lasting longer than 90 minutes . Many endurance athletes prefer foods with low glycemic indices for carbo-loading due to their minimal effect on serum glucose levels . Low glycemic foods commonly include fruits , vegetables , whole wheat pasta , and grains . Many marathoners and triathlon participants have large pasta dinners the night before the race . Since muscles also use amino acids extensively when functioning within aerobic limits , meals should also include adequate protein . Large portions before a race can , however , decrease race-day performance if the digestive system has not had the time to process the food regimen .

neg: Eco-sufficiency Eco-sufficiency requires a reduction of the level of production/consumption in those parts of the world with the highest standards of living beyond reducing the use of natural resources as well as waste and emissions per unit of production/consumption ( = decoupling/delinking ) . Given a very loose relation in rich countries between material wealth , GDP and human well-being , this might be possible even without reducing the latter , while , for example , increasing leisure and non-material activities for well-being .   There are potentials to reduce substantially the use of natural resources without compromising human wealth . However , many studies show that economic growth `` eats up '' these gains at least partially : if the economy grows by 2 % per annum we need an increasing resource productivity by 4 % in order to achieve a 2 % reduction of the absolute resource use . While eco-efficiency aims to improve the effectiveness of material , energy , and land use , eco-sufficiency aims at reducing negative environmental consequences through a reduction of the demand for consumer goods .   Eco-sufficiency is closely related to issues of quality of life and work-life balance . It can to some extent be achieved on the individual level , e.g. through energy savings , reduction of transport and change in diets ( less meat ) . However , it also requires a change in social frameworks , provided on the national or European level , including measures such as environmental taxes , environmental planning and new concepts of labour .   Eco-sufficiency is largely associated with the idea of altruism -- the sober lifestyle adopted by its advocates is a manifestation of their concern for the well-being of future generations -- and thus to date is endorsed by only a small minority of members of industrialised societies . A wide spread of eco-sufficiency will only occur , if people find the new lifestyles sufficiently attractive . It needs to be shown that less material wealth can bring increased well-being or happiness to individuals and societies . For example , it has been shown that downsizing or relocating consumers can be motivated by purely selfish reasons such as improving one 's health , avoiding stress , the nostalgia for a `` good old time '' and so on .   An important aspect here is related to the so-called work-and-spend cycle . If leisure and forms of work other than employment ( incl . self-employment ) , such as caring , do it yourself and community work gain relevance , income - and therefore consumption - would be reduced .

neg: Cardiovascular disease in China Cardiac disease in China is on the rise . Though incidences of heart disease have increased faster in the city than in the countryside , rural morbidity and mortality rates are now on the rise as well . Health statistics shows that the ischemic heart disease mortality rate in rural China has approximately doubled since 1988 .   Unlike in developed countries , there is no preventive or primary health care system in place to stop the rise of cardiac disease . The real extent of heart disease in rural China is unknown because statistics are fraught with error and bias due to difficulties in ascertaining cause of death in places where 90 % die without seeing a doctor . Therefore , there is a need to ascertain the real incidence and prevalence of heart disease and to develop adequate preventive and primary care in the Chinese countryside .

neg: Predictive medicine Predictive medicine is a field of medicine that entails predicting the probability of disease and instituting preventive measures in order to either prevent the disease altogether or significantly decrease its impact upon the patient ( such as by preventing mortality or limiting morbidity ) . While different prediction methodologies exist , such as genomics , proteomics , and cytomics , the most fundamental way to predict future disease is based on genetics . Although proteomics and cytomics allow for the early detection of disease , much of the time those detect biological markers that exist because a disease process has already started . However , comprehensive genetic testing ( such as through the use of DNA arrays or full genome sequencing ) allows for the estimation of disease risk years to decades before any disease even exists , or even whether a healthy fetus is at higher risk for developing a disease in adolescence or adulthood . Individuals who are more susceptible to disease in the future can be offered lifestyle advice or medication with the aim of preventing the predicted illness . Current genetic testing guidelines supported by the health care professionals discourage purely predictive genetic testing of minors until they are competent to understand the relevancy of genetic screening so as to allow them to participate in the decision about whether or not it is appropriate for them . Genetic screening of newborns and children in the field of predictive medicine is deemed appropriate if there is a compelling clinical reason to do so , such as the availability of prevention or treatment as a child that would prevent future disease .

neg: Doping affects on society performing enhancing drugs are not suppose to be used in baseball   I plan on adding a section into the article doping in baseball . My section will be how people think about doping . I plan to use evidence from the points of view of authors and writers of articles or books .   Research Question : How can these athletes be caught cheating and what should their punishments be ?   cheating in sports   Many athletes throughout history have been cheating with performing enhancing drugs . Some athletes can get a easy way out of this because they are big stars , and others can get out of the situation because they have a way of having the drugs go undetected . When athletes are caught with performing enhancing drugs , they should get a punishment that the athletes truly deserve .   One way that athletes can get caught are by blood and urine samples . `` The WADA and Olympic officials are aware that undetectable drugs are used by athletes in events . '' These officials know this occurs because the Olympic athletes that are competing are using drugs during the off-season . this allows athletes to build up their muscles to gain a competitive edge , but is still risky because if they get caught they can be banned from the Olympics and stripped of their medals .

neg: Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism ( PE ) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream ( embolism ) . Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath , chest pain particularly upon breathing in , and coughing up blood . Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present such as a red , warm , swollen , and painful leg . Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels , rapid breathing , rapid heart rate , and sometimes a mild fever . Severe cases can lead to passing out , abnormally low blood pressure , and sudden death .   PE usually results from a blood clot in the leg that travels to the lung . The risk of blood clots is increased by cancer , prolonged bed rest , smoking , stroke , certain genetic conditions , estrogen-based medication , pregnancy , obesity , and after some types of surgery . A small proportion of cases are due to the embolization of air , fat , or amniotic fluid . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in combination with test results . If the risk is low a blood test known as a D-dimer will rule out the condition . Otherwise a CT pulmonary angiography , lung ventilation/perfusion scan , or ultrasound of the legs may confirm the diagnosis . Together deep vein thrombosis and PE are known as venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) .   Efforts to prevent PE include beginning to move as soon as possible after surgery , lower leg exercises during periods of sitting , and the use of blood thinners after some types of surgery . Treatment is typically with blood thinners such as heparin or warfarin . Often these are recommended for six months or longer . Severe cases may require thrombolysis using medication such as tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , or may require surgery such as a pulmonary thrombectomy . If blood thinners are not appropriate , a vena cava filter may be used .   Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe . In the United States between 300,000 and 600,000 cases occur each year , which results in between 50,000 and 200,000 deaths . Rates are similar in males and females . They become more common as people get older .

neg: Long-term effects of alcohol consumption The long-term effects of alcohol ( ethanol ) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse . Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism , malnutrition , chronic pancreatitis , alcoholic liver disease , and cancer . In addition , damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse . The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body . The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol . In addition , the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable , and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASDs ) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol .   The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years . Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption , however , given the many health concerns associated with it , some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug , and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease . Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks , including those of injuries , violence , fetal damage , liver disease , and certain forms of cancer .   Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical . Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health . The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases , oropharyngeal cancer , esophageal cancer and pancreatitis . Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis . Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol , most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers , rather than the heavy drinker minority . Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health . Chronic excess alcohol intake , or alcohol dependence , can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment , cardiovascular disease , liver disease , and malignant neoplasms . The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression , dysthymia , mania , hypomania , panic disorder , phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , personality disorders , schizophrenia , suicide , neurologic deficits ( e.g. impairments of working memory , emotions , executive functions , visuospatial abilities and gait and balance ) and brain damage . Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension , coronary heart disease , and ischemic stroke , cancer of the respiratory system , and also cancers of the digestive system , liver , breast and ovaries . Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease , such as cirrhosis . Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging .   Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit .

neg: Habit reversal training Habit reversal training ( HRT ) is a `` multicomponent behavioral treatment package originally developed to address a wide variety of repetitive behavior disorders '' .   Behavioral disorders treated with HRT include tics , trichotillomania , nail biting , thumb sucking , skin picking , temporomandibular disorder ( TMJ ) , and stuttering .   HRT consists of five components :  awareness training ,  competing response training ,  contingency management ,  relaxation training , and  generalization training .  Research on the efficacy of HRT for the aforementioned behavioral disorders have produced consistent , large effect sizes ( approximately 0.80 across the disorders ) . It has met the standard of a well-established treatment for stuttering , thumb sucking , nail biting , and TMJ .

neg: Remote ischemic conditioning Remote ischemic conditioning ( RIC ) is a medical procedure that aims to reduce the incidence of heart disease and stroke , the leading causes of death worldwide , by triggering the body 's natural protection against tissue injury .   The procedure involves repeated , temporary cessation of blood flow to a limb to create ischemia ( lack of oxygen and glucose ) in the tissue . This `` conditioning '' activates the body 's natural protective physiology against reperfusion injury and the tissue damage caused by low oxygen levels -- a protection present in many mammals . RIC essentially mimics the cardio-protective effects of exercise ; in fact , exercise can be considered a form of RIC in which the stimulus is distant from the organ being protected . RIC has been termed `` exercise in a device '' , especially suited for patients who are unable or unwilling to work out .

neg: Healthy Lifestyles for High School Students Health and fitness are dominating western culture , and while adults are able to communicate with or hire trained professionals to assist in their journeys to overall health , many teenagers and students do not have access to the resources necessary to answer any questions they may have , or point them in the right direction when starting on their road to fitness . This Wikipedia page aims to teach all those who read it how to create and maintain a healthy lifestyle , regardless of your financial status , schedule , or location .   Highlights :  What is a Healthy Diet ?  Establishing Goals  Creating a Diet/Exercise Plan  Maintaining a Healthy Diet  Finding Time to Exercise  Measuring Progress

neg: Workplace wellness Workplace wellness is any workplace health promotion activity or organizational policy designed to support healthy behavior in the workplace and to improve health outcomes . Known as ` corporate wellbeing ' outside the US , workplace wellness often comprises activities such as health education , medical screenings , weight management programs , on-site fitness programs or facilities . These programs can be classified as primary , secondary , or tertiary health programs , depending on the goal of the specific program . Primary prevention programs usually target a fairly healthy employee population , and encourage them to more frequently engage in health behaviors that will encourage ongoing good health . Example of primary prevention programs include stress management , and exercise and healthy eating promotion . Secondary prevention programs are targeted at reducing behavior that is considered a risk factor for poor health . Examples of such programs include smoking cessation programs and screenings for high blood pressure or other cardiovascular disease related risk factors . Tertiary health programs address existing health problems , and aim to help control or reduce symptoms , or to help slow the progression of a disease or condition . Such programs might encourage employees to better adhere to specific medication or self-managed care guidelines . Workplace wellness programs can be categorized as primary , secondary , or tertiary prevention efforts , or an employer can implement programs that have elements of multiple types of prevention .   The lifestyles of people in the workforce are important both for the sake of their own health and for the sake of their employer 's productivity . Companies often subsidize these programs in the hope that they will save companies money in the long run by improving health , morale and productivity , although there is some controversy about evidence for the levels of return on investment .   Other examples of workplace wellness organizational policies include allowing flex-time for exercise , providing on-site kitchen and eating areas , offering healthy food options in vending machines , holding `` walk and talk '' meetings , and offering financial and other incentives for participation . In recent years , workplace wellness has been expanded from single health promotion interventions to create a more overall healthy environment including , for example standards of building and interior design to promote physical activity . This expansion is largely been in part to creating greater access and leadership support from leaders in the participating companies .   The following information comes from the Kaiser Family Foundation Summary of Findings from 2016 in order to provide current information about employer-sponsored health benefits , the Kaiser Family Foundation ( Kaiser ) and the Health Research & Educational Trust ( HRET ) conduct an annual survey of private and nonfederal public employers with three or more workers .   Many employers offer wellness or health promotion programs to help employees improve their health and avoid unhealthy behaviors . Both small and large firms offer a program in at least one of these areas : smoking cessation ; weight management ; behavioral or lifestyle coaching . 46 % of small firms and 83 % of large firms offer these . 3 % percent of small firms and 16 % of large firms reported collecting health information from employees through wearable devices like a Fitbit or Apple Watch . 42 % of large firms with one of these health and wellness programs offered employees a financial incentive to participate in or complete the program . Among most large firms with an incentive for completing wellness programs , incentives include : lower premium contributions or cost sharing ( 34 % of firms ) ; cash , contributions to health-related savings accounts , or merchandise ( 76 % of firms ) ; some other type of incentive ( 14 % of firms ) . Some firms separate financial incentives for different programs and some others have incentives that require participation in more than one type of program ( e.g. , completing an assessment and participating in a health promotion activity ) .   There are various types of Wellness Programs offered in firms . Biometric screening programs can help identify cardiovascular risk factors in clients . Larger firms or businesses tend to facilitate more incidences of biometric screening programs . This can be in part to the amount of leadership support that is encouraged by company leaders and then received by employees

neg: Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness .   Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months .   The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' .   Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .

neg: Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) is variable and uncertain , and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured . Only two treatments , cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy , have demonstrated reproducible evidence for their efficacy people with CFS who are walking . There are no Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approved medications for ME/CFS treatment , although medications are used without approval for the illness ( off-label ) . Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that have n't been approved for market for any condition in the United States ( for example , isoprinosine and rintatolimod ) . Other proposed treatments include medical treatments and alternative medicine . Even when treated , the prognosis of CFS is often poor . In one study , poor early management was reported to be a main risk factor for severe CFS ( delayed diagnosis , poor response to analgesics , physiotherapy , or alternative medicine ) , with associated variables including a poor relationship with the GP before and after diagnosis , and the involvement of a psychiatrist in initial treatment .   CFS management techniques include behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT , a form of psychological therapy ) , and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) . Based on evidence from multiple randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) , a systematic review published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ( October 2006 ) stated that CBT and GET interventions showed promising results , appearing to reduce symptoms and improve function . The review stated that the evidence of effectiveness was inconclusive for most other interventions , with some reporting significant adverse effects . The wide variety of outcome measures used in CFS research was found to be a `` fundamental problem '' for assessing the effectiveness of interventions in general , and no intervention has proven to be effective in restoring the ability to work .   Recovery is `` rare '' even after a comprehensive rehabilitation programme .


query: Dead Man Down stars a Swedish actress.

pos: Dead Man Down Dead Man Down is an 2013 American neo-noir crime thriller film written by J.H. Wyman and directed by Danish director Niels Arden Oplev . The film stars Colin Farrell , Noomi Rapace , Dominic Cooper , and Terrence Howard , and was released on March 8 , 2013 . Dead Man Down was Oplev 's first film since The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2009 ) , also starring Rapace and scored by Jacob Groth .

pos: Noomi Rapace Noomi Rapace ( -LSB- ˈnoːmɪ raˈpɑːs -RSB- ; née Norén ; born 28 December 1979 ) is a Swedish actress . She achieved fame with her portrayal of Lisbeth Salander in the Swedish film adaptations of the Millennium series : The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Girl Who Played with Fire , and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets ' Nest . In 2011 , she was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo .   She is also known for playing Anna in Daisy Diamond ( 2007 ) , Leena in Beyond ( 2010 ) , Anna in The Monitor ( 2011 ) , Madame Simza Heron in Sherlock Holmes : A Game of Shadows ( 2011 ) , the lead role of Dr. Elizabeth Shaw in the Ridley Scott science-fiction film Prometheus ( 2012 ) , Beatrice in Dead Man Down ( 2013 ) , Nadia in The Drop ( 2014 ) , and Raisa Demidova in Child 44 ( 2015 ) .

neg: Britta Hasso Britta Hasso ( 1936 -- 2015 ) ( also known as Britta Callmér-Hartnagel ) was a Swedish actress and journalist . She was mostly known for writing articles about school and pedagogic topics .  Hasso studied to become an actress at Kalle Flygare 's theatre school in Stockholm , Sweden in the 1950s and shortly after she started her career she met Harry Hasso ( also known as Karl Hartnagel ) the Swedish/German film director and camera man whom she married in 1961 . They remained married until his death in 1984 .  She started to work as a journalist at Helsingborgs Dagblad in Helsingborg , Sweden in 1966 and worked there until she retired in 1998 . She died at age 79 on Valentine 's Day 2015 .

neg: Anna Björk Anna Cecilia Björk ( born March 12 , 1970 in Trollhättan ) is a Swedish actress . Now she works at the Royal Dramatic Theatre .

neg: Totta Näslund Erik Torsten `` Totta '' Näslund ( 1 April 1945 -- 19 June 2005 ) was a Swedish blues musician and actor .

neg: The Last Sentence The Last Sentence ( Dom över död man ; Judgement on the dead ) is a Swedish film from 2012 , directed by Jan Troell and starring Jesper Christensen , Pernilla August , Björn Granath and Ulla Skoog . It is set between 1933 and 1945 , and focuses on the life and career of Torgny Segerstedt , a Swedish newspaper editor who was a prominent critic of Hitler and the Nazis during a period when the Swedish government and monarch were intent on maintaining Sweden 's neutrality and avoiding tensions with Germany . The film also deals with Segerstedt 's relations with his wife , his mistress , and his mistress 's husband ( who was a close friend of Segerstedt ) .   The film 's Swedish title , Dom över död man , comes from a line in the Old Norse poem Hávamál : `` Cattle die , kinsmen die , thou wilt also die ; but I know one thing that never dies : the judgment on the dead '' .

neg: Maria Järvenhelmi Maria Järvenhelmi ( born 14 June 1975 ) is a Finnish actress and singer . She has appeared in 27 films and television shows since 1990 . She starred in the film Lights in the Dusk , which was entered into the 2006 Cannes Film Festival .   Järvenhelmi is also part of the Finnish band Notkea Rotta where she is known by her stage name Meno-Anu .

neg: Ola Rapace Ola Rapace ( -LSB- ˈuːla raˈpasː -RSB- ; né Pär Ola Norell ; born 3 December 1971 ) is a Swedish actor .

neg: Thecla Åhlander Thecla Åhlander ( 3 June 1855 -- 8 April 1925 ) was a Swedish stage and film actress whose career began on the stage in the late 19th century and lasted through the early 1920s .

neg: Gunilla Backman Gunilla Katarina Backman ( born 18 June 1965 ) is a Swedish singer , actress and musical-artist .

neg: Scarlett Johansson Scarlett Johansson ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈhænsən -RSB- born November 22 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , and singer . She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North ( 1994 ) . Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo ( 1996 ) , and garnered further acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer ( 1998 ) and Ghost World ( 2001 ) . She shifted to adult roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring ( 2003 ) and Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) , for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role .   Her subsequent films included A Love Song for Bobby Long ( 2004 ) , Match Point ( 2005 ) , The Island ( 2005 ) , The Black Dahlia ( 2006 ) , The Prestige ( 2006 ) , The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , Vicky Cristina Barcelona ( 2008 ) , He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) , Don Jon ( 2013 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Under the Skin ( 2013 ) , Lucy ( 2014 ) , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and Ghost in the Shell ( 2017 ) . Since 2008 , Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge . As a singer , Johansson has released two albums , Anywhere I Lay My Head ( 2008 ) and Break Up ( 2009 ) .   Johansson is considered one of Hollywood 's modern sex symbols , and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world . , she is the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America , with her films making over $ 3.6 billion . In 2016 , she was the highest-grossing actress , with a $ 1.2 billion total for the year .

neg: Danielle Deadwyler Danielle Deadwyler is an American actress and writer . She is starring as LaQuita `` Quita '' Maxwell in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera , The Haves and the Have Nots .

neg: Edda Heiðrún Backman Edda Heiðrún Backman ( November 27 , 1957 -- October 1 , 2016 ) was an Icelandic actress , voice actress , singer , painter and director .   She was involved in many theatre productions in Iceland , as well as Icelandic films . In 2004 she quit acting and started directing after getting diagnosed with MND . She retired all together from the theatre in 2006 .

neg: Thérèse Karlsson Ewa Thérèse Karlsson ( born 25 January 1972 , Pargas ) is a Finnish singer ( soprano ) and actor ( from the Åland islands ) . She did the part of Yvette in Brecht 's Mutter Courage , Swedish Theatre ( Svenska Teatern ) 2004 . She rose to stardom when she got the title role in The Municipal Theatre of Turku 's ( Turun Kaupunginteatteri ) musical Elisabeth 2005-2006 ( with over 50 000 tickets sold it is the greatest success in the history of The Municipal Theatre of Turku ) .  In fall 2010 she began starring in the musical Les Miserables , directed by Georg Malvius , at The Swedish Theatre of Turku ( Åbo Svenska Teater ) .

neg: Peter Gardiner Peter Clarence Gardiner ( born 8 July 1968 in Uppsala ) is a Swedish actor and dancer .

neg: Thomas W. Gabrielsson Thomas Wearn Gabrielsson ( born 29 June 1963 ) is a Swedish actor , active in Sweden and Denmark . He was born in Gothenburg .

neg: Saga Becker Saga Becker ( born 1988 ) is a Swedish actress and transgender woman . Becker is known for her work on Something Must Break ( 2014 ) for which she was nominated for a Rising Star Award at the Stockholm Film Festival in 2014 and won a Guldbagge Award for Best Female Lead Role in 2015 .

neg: Victoria Silvstedt Karin Victoria Silvstedt ( born 19 September 1974 ) is a Swedish model , actress , singer , and television personality .

neg: Embla Hjulström Embla Ester Lovisa Granqvist Hjulström ( born 5 July 1994 ) is a Swedish actress . She is best known for her role as Greta in Svensson , Svensson and Simone Bernér in several Beck-films .

neg: Gunnel Fred Gunnel Elisabet Fred ( born 29 August 1955 ) is a Swedish film actress . She was born in Årsta , Stockholm , Sweden .

neg: Jenny Hjohlman Jenny Josefina Hjohlman ( born 13 February 1990 ) is a Swedish footballer . She plays as a forward for Damallsvenskan club KIF Örebro DFF and the Sweden women 's national football team .

neg: Marie Robertson Marie Charlotte Robertson ( born 14 April 1977 ) is a Swedish actress . She was born in Sunne , Sweden .


query: Arcade Fire has four studio albums.

pos: Arcade Fire Arcade Fire is a Canadian indie rock band based in Montreal , Quebec , consisting of husband and wife Win Butler and Régine Chassagne , along with Win 's younger brother William Butler , Richard Reed Parry , Tim Kingsbury and Jeremy Gara . The band 's current touring line-up also includes former core member Sarah Neufeld , frequent collaborator Owen Pallett , two additional percussionists , Diol Edmond and Tiwill Duprate , and saxophonists Matt Bauder and Stuart Bogie .   Founded in 2001 by friends and classmates Win Butler and Josh Deu , the band came to prominence in 2004 with the release of their critically acclaimed debut album Funeral . Their second studio album , Neon Bible , won them the 2008 Meteor Music Award for Best International Album and the 2008 Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year . Their third studio album , The Suburbs , was released in 2010 to critical acclaim and commercial success . It received many accolades , including the 2011 Grammy for Album of the Year , the 2011 Juno Award for Album of the Year , and the 2011 Brit Award for Best International Album . In 2013 , Arcade Fire released their fourth album , Reflektor , and scored the feature film Her , for which band members William Butler and Owen Pallett were nominated in the Best Original Score category at the 86th Academy Awards . All four of their studio albums have received nominations for the Best Alternative Music Album Grammy ; the band 's work has also been named three times as a shortlist nominee for the Polaris Music Prize : in 2007 for Neon Bible , in 2011 for The Suburbs and in 2014 for Reflektor , winning the award for The Suburbs .   The band plays guitar , drums , bass guitar , piano , violin , viola , cello , double bass , xylophone , glockenspiel , keyboard , synthesizer , French horn , accordion , harp , mandolin , and hurdy-gurdy , and takes most of these instruments on tour ; the multi-instrumentalist band members switch duties throughout shows .

pos: Reflektor Reflektor is the fourth studio album by the Canadian indie rock band Arcade Fire . It was released on October 28 , 2013 through Sonovox Records in Canada and Merge Records in the U.S. Reflektor is a double album which was recorded in multiple studios and was co-produced by LCD Soundsystem frontman James Murphy , regular Arcade Fire producer Markus Dravs , and the band themselves .   Influenced by Haitian rara music , the 1959 film Black Orpheus and Søren Kierkegaard 's essay , `` The Present Age '' , Reflektor '' 's release was preceded by a guerrilla marketing campaign inspired by veve drawings , and the release of a limited edition single , `` Reflektor '' , credited to the fictional band The Reflektors on September 9 , 2013 .   Upon release , Reflektor received positive reviews from music critics and had a successful commercial performance . The album was recognized as one of The 100 Best Albums of the Decade So Far , a list published by Pitchfork '' in August 2014 .

neg: 4-beat 4-beat ( also known as hardcore or happy hardcore ) is a breakbeat style of music that emerged around 1993 . It evolved from breakbeat hardcore emanating from the United Kingdom rave scene . Due to the sheer scale of the United Kingdom rave scene , the popularity of this particular music was largely limited to England where it was almost exclusively produced and played .   Breakbeat hardcore was originally referred to as hardcore by ravers in England . As such , this evolved style was also alternatively known as hardcore or happy hardcore -- the latter meaning a happier variant of this breakbeat styled hardcore , thus happy hardcore ( i.e. happy breakbeat ) . Darkcore was the short lived counter-movement to happy that occurred at the same time .   The name happy hardcore should not be confused with other things that are also referred to as happy hardcore , as that term is much shared across the world to describe different sounding things that have their own development .   Also in this article , 4-beat is not a musical term commonly used to describe a drum beat time signature found in most types of modern music , but is rather a specific name used to describe a breakbeat music style .

neg: Flaming Fire Flaming Fire is an American arts collective and experimental rock band from Brooklyn , New York , United States , which formed in 2000 .   Other projects include live performance , film , comics and the Flaming Fire Illustrated Bible ( described as the largest illustrated Bible in the world ) .   The band is on avant rock label Silly Bird Records , home to bands like Autobody and the Irving Klaw Trio . Their projects and music have been featured in such news and music publications as The New York Times , Arthur Magazine , The New Yorker , Vice Magazine , The Boston Globe , Venus Magazine , The Omaha World Herald , The Omaha Reader , The Lincoln Journal Star , Blastitude , Dead Angel , Mick Mercer 's The Mick and Baltimore City Paper .   The group features cartoonist Lauren Weinstein on lead vocals with Patrick Hambrecht , the band songwriter . Hambrecht , a Southern Baptist from Papillion , Nebraska , moved to New York City in 1996 . Their music has been described as a mix of psychedelic folk , noise music and pop music , similar to other New Weird America artists , but with a more aggressive , transgressive bent , akin to bands like Psychic TV . The group 's prior incarnation , Rock Rock Chicken Pox , featured Dame Darcy and members of Laddio Bolocko .   The band has three albums ; Get Old and Die with Flaming Fire , Songs from the Shining Temple and When the High Bell Rings . Their music has been featured on various compilations , including WFMU 's Tunes From the Toxic Terrain and Psycho-O-Path Records ' Space is No Place , NYC : Noise from the Underground .   In December 2009 , the arts collective organized a holiday art show and performance space in Brooklyn entitled `` The Flaming Fire Temple Presents : Eternal Christmas -- A Yuletide Dreamland '' , sponsored by Atlantic Assets and Issue Project Room . The show featured visual art by Camilla Ha , Dame Darcy , Dewanatron , Lauren Weinstein , Jared Whitham , Patrick Smith , Alyssa Taylor Wendt and Jenny Gonzalez-Blitz . It featured a live recording project from LYDSOD each night , and performances by many friends of the band , including Autodrone , Laura Ortman , The Clean 's Hamish Kilgour , Martin Bisi , Joe McGinty 's Circuit Parade , Gelatine and others . The installation was described in articles by Vice Magazine and The New York Times , and kept a website .

neg: Anarchy (Busta Rhymes album) Anarchy is the fourth studio album by Busta Rhymes . The album was released on June 20 , 2000 , by Flipmode Records and Elektra Records . It comes after the release of The Coming , When Disaster Strikes and Extinction Level Event ( Final World Front ) . Unlike these albums , Anarchy does not follow the apocalypse theme . The album debuted at number 4 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 164,000 copies . The album would later be certified Platinum by the RIAA . This was Busta 's final album with Elektra Records .

neg: Adelitas Way discography The discography of Adelitas Way , an American hard rock band , consists of four studio albums , seven music videos and thirteen singles .

neg: Mac DeMarco discography Canadian singer-songwriter Mac DeMarco has released three studio albums , two live albums , three compilation albums , five extended plays ( EPs ) , three singles , and 15 music videos . DeMarco was in several bands in high school until he graduated in 2008 . In 2009 , he released his debut EP , Heat Wave , under the name Makeout Videotape . The EP sold out its 500-unit run . DeMarco was joined by Alex Calder and Jen Clement , and Makeout Videotape was signed to Unfamiliar Records . Heat Wave was followed by two EPs , Eating Like a Kid and Bossa Yeye , and one studio album , Ying Yang , all in 2010 .   In 2012 , DeMarco went back to recording as a solo artist and was signed by Captured Tracks . They released his EP Rock and Roll Night Club in early 2012 ; it received positive reviews from contemporary music critics . His second studio album , 2 , followed later the same year . 2 was met with critical acclaim and peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart . It was followed by DeMarco 's third studio album , Salad Days in 2014 . Salad Days was also praised by critics and peaked at number 90 on the UK Albums Chart , and number 30 on the Billboard 200 . DeMarco released an EP titled Some Other Ones and the mini-LP Another One in the summer of 2015 . Another One was met with positive reviews and peaked at number 24 on the UK Albums Chart . In the United States , it peaked at number 25 on the Billboard 200 , selling 13,000 copies in its first week . This Old Dog , DeMarco 's fourth album was released in the summer of 2017 to critical acclaim .

neg: Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on July 21 , 1987 , by Geffen Records to massive commercial success . It topped the Billboard 200 and became the best-selling debut album as well as the 11th best-selling album in the United States . With about 30 million copies sold worldwide , it is also one of the best-selling records ever . Although critics were ambivalent toward the album when it was first released , Appetite for Destruction has since received retrospective acclaim and been viewed as one of the greatest albums of all time .

neg: Feed the Fire (Timothy B. Schmit album) Feed the Fire is the fourth studio album by Timothy B. Schmit and it was released in 2001 .

neg: Use Your Illusion II Use Your Illusion II is the fourth studio album by the American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . The album was released on September 17 , 1991 , the same day as its counterpart album Use Your Illusion I. Both of the albums were released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour . Bolstered by the lead single `` You Could Be Mine , '' Use Your Illusion II was the slightly more popular of the two albums , selling 770,000 copies its first week and debuting at No. 1 on the U.S. charts , ahead of Use Your Illusion I '' 's first week sales of 685,000 . As of 2010 , Use Your Illusion II '' has sold 5,587,000 units in the U.S. , according to Nielsen SoundScan . Both albums have since been certified 7 × Platinum by the RIAA . It was also No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart for a single week . It is the last Guns N ' Roses album to feature rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin . It also included the last Guns N ' Roses song to feature drummer Steven Adler , who played on `` Civil War . ''

neg: Widespread Panic discography This is a discography for American rock band Widespread Panic . Since forming in 1986 , Widespread Panic has released 12 studio albums , 8 live albums , 1 compilation album and 5 archive albums .   To date , Widespread Panic has sold over three million records .

neg: Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes .   Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .

neg: Jane Doe (album) Jane Doe is the fourth studio album by American metalcore band Converge . It was released on September 4 , 2001 , through Equal Vision Records , the band 's last release on the label . It was produced by Matthew Ellard alongside guitarist Kurt Ballou , and features artwork created by vocalist Jacob Bannon . Although it did not chart , the album was received with immediate critical acclaim , with critics praising its poetic lyrics , dynamic range , ferocity and production .   Jane Doe was a commercial success in comparison to Converge 's previous albums , and has developed a cult following , the cover art becoming an icon of the band . Jane Doe is their first album to feature bassist Nate Newton and drummer Ben Koller , and the last to feature guitarist Aaron Dalbec ; the band 's line-up has remained stable since .

neg: Devolution (album) Devolution is the fourth full-length studio album from American crossover thrash band , M.O.D. . It was released in 1994 on Music For Nations and follows 1992 's Rhythm of Fear .   Following the tradition of ever-changing line-ups , this album saw Milano swapping bass for guitar as well as vocal duties , with Dave Chavarri on drums being the only other member to appear on two consecutive albums . Tommy Klimchuck and Rob Moschetti took up the guitar and bass roles respectively .   In 2004 , Blackout Records re-issued the album with a different cover and enhanced CD content of a concert in France in 1993 .

neg: Revolver (The Haunted album) Revolver ( stylized as rEVOLVEr ) is the fourth studio album by The Haunted . It was released on 18 October 2004 .   After having been absent for the last two studio albums , Peter Dolving was once again back in the band and provided the vocals for rEVOLVEr . He would remain with the band until he left once again in 2012 .   As the album title attempts to make clear with its stylization ( i.e. with the word `` EVOLVE '' printed in upper case letters between the two r 's ) , the band made a conscious decision to slightly tweak ( or `` evolve '' ) its songwriting on this particular album . As a result , rEVOLVEr contains some elements that were hitherto absent on previous The Haunted albums . Although the album still contains examples of the band 's familiar thrash metal sound ( e.g. No Compromise , Sabotage , Sweet Relief ) , it features considerably more mid-paced riffing ( e.g. 99 , Burnt to a Shell , Fire Alive ) than in any of their previous albums . Two of the tracks even have ballad elements interspersed in them ( Abysmal and My Shadow ) .  Also notable is that rEVOLVEr has quite a few instances of clean singing in it , although the vast majority of the vocal tracking was still done in The Haunted 's traditional hardcore/metalcore style of screaming .   A limited edition digipak of this CD contained two bonus tracks , and different artwork .   A music video was made for `` No Compromise '' which featured Mark Greenway .

neg: Halestorm discography The discography of American hard rock band Halestorm consists of three studio albums , one live album , nine extended plays , fifteen singles , six promotional singles and fourteen music videos .

neg: Taking Back Sunday discography The discography of Taking Back Sunday , an American rock band , consists of six studio albums , 17 singles , two EPs and one compilation album .

neg: My Morning Jacket discography The discography of American indie rock band My Morning Jacket , consists of seven studio albums , 11 extended plays , 14 singles , four music videos , three compilation albums , four live albums and one video album . The band signed with independent Darla Records in 1998 before moving to ATO in 2003 . James explained that `` At the time , My Morning Jacket was just me and an acoustic guitar in my bedroom , I 'd been sending cassette tapes out -LSB- and -RSB- our first record label , I wrote them a love letter , pretending Darla was a girl that I wanted to woo ' .

neg: The Arcade (producers) The Arcade ( Kurtis Mckenzie and Jon Mills ) are a Grammy-nominated songwriting and music production duo , based in London . They co-produced and co-composed Iggy Azalea 's hit single `` Fancy '' , ( featuring Charli XCX ) , which has sold 7 million copies worldwide to date . The duo produced ` Beg For It ' the lead single of Reclassified the reissue of her debut studio album , with the song selling over 1,000,000 copies and certified Platinum in the United States .   The producers have worked with Iggy Azalea , Rita Ora , Conor Maynard , Taio Cruz , Tinie Tempah , Katy B , Maino , Nicola Roberts , and Khalid .

neg: We Remember Anarchy We Remember Anarchy , 1993 -- 2005 is a retrospective album and final release from the band Havalina . The band released the retrospective only as a digital album in M4A format , free for download , from their website .   The retrospective , which is too large to burn to one CD-R , has no official break to separate the first and second disc . The release also has no official artwork outside of one image on the band 's website .   Nineteen of the songs come directly from the band 's previous albums . Of the seven new tracks , two are live , four are previously unreleased * , and one is from a Tooth and Nail Records compilation ** . No tracks were taken from A Bullfighter 's Guide to Space and Love .

neg: Wake Up (Arcade Fire song) `` Wake Up '' is an indie rock song by Canadian rock band Arcade Fire . It was the fifth and final single released from the band 's debut album , Funeral . The single was released as a one-sided 7 '' vinyl record on November 14 , 2005 .

neg: Myles Kennedy discography The full discography of rock musician Myles Kennedy consists of eleven studio albums , two concert films , four live albums , two extended plays , and thirteen singles in total , in addition to eleven studio tracks that he has appeared on as a featured artist , one of which was a single . Born in Boston on November 27 , 1969 , Kennedy is currently a member of the rock band Alter Bridge , with whom he has released four studio albums , two concert films , and several singles . He is also the frontman of Slash 's touring group , and with Slash he has released a live album , Live in Manchester , the first of a series of live albums released throughout the summer of 2010 , and Made in Stoke : 24/7/11 , another live album released in 2011 . In 2012 , he released a collaboration studio album with Slash titled Apocalyptic Love , which is billed to Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators , as well as the 2014 followup titled World on Fire . With The Mayfield Four , he released two studio albums , two extended plays , and four singles ; with Citizen Swing , two studio albums ; and with Cosmic Dust , one studio album .