query: Kangana Ranaut was alive.

pos: Fashion (2008 film) Fashion is a 2008 Indian drama film directed and co-produced by Madhur Bhandarkar . The film 's screenplay was co-written by Ajay Monga , Bhandarkar and Anuraadha Tewari , and principal photography occurred in Mumbai and Chandigarh . Its music was composed by Salim-Sulaiman and the songs ' lyrics were written by Irfan Siddiqui and Sandeep Nath .   The film features Priyanka Chopra in the lead role as Meghna Mathur , an aspiring fashion model ; it follows her transformation from small-town girl to supermodel , the Indian fashion industry and the careers of several other models . Fashion also explores feminism and female power in Indian fashion . The film also stars Kangana Ranaut , Mugdha Godse , Arjan Bajwa and Arbaaz Khan in supporting roles . The cast also features several professional fashion models playing themselves .   Development of the film began in 2006 . The film 's budget was ; it opened on 29 October 2008 to positive reviews . Critics praised its screenplay , cinematography , music , direction and performances . It collected at the box office and was commercially successful despite being a women-centric film with no male lead . Fashion was nominated for several awards . At the 54th Filmfare Awards , the film received seven nominations including Best Director and won two awards ; Best Actress award for Chopra and Best Supporting Actress award for Ranaut . It also won Best Actress award for Chopra and Best Supporting Actress award for Ranaut at the 56th National Film Awards . Several publications listed Fashion as one of the `` best women-centric films in Bollywood '' .

pos: Kangana Ranaut Kangana Ranaut ( -LSB- kəŋɡənaː raːɳoːʈʰ -RSB- ; born 23 March 1986 ) is an Indian film actress . She has established a career in Bollywood and is one of the highest-paid actresses in India . Ranaut is particularly known in the media for expressing her honest opinions in public and is frequently credited as one of the most fashionable Indian celebrities . She is the recipient of several awards , including three National Film Awards and Filmfare Awards in four categories .   Born in Bhambla , a small town in Himachal Pradesh , Ranaut initially aspired to become a doctor at the insistence of her parents . Determined to build her own career path , she relocated to Delhi at age sixteen , where she briefly became a model . After training under the theatre director Arvind Gaur , Ranaut made her feature film debut in the 2006 thriller Gangster , for which she was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut . She received praise for portraying emotionally intense characters in the dramas Woh Lamhe ( 2006 ) , Life in a. . . Metro ( 2007 ) and Fashion ( 2008 ) . For the last of these , she won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Filmfare Award in the same category .   Ranaut featured in the commercially successful films Raaz : The Mystery Continues ( 2009 ) and Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai ( 2010 ) , though she was criticised for being typecast in neurotic roles . A comic role opposite R. Madhavan in the 2011 box office hit Tanu Weds Manu was well-received , though this was followed by a series of brief , glamorous roles in films that failed to propel her career forward . She then played a mutant opposite Hrithik Roshan in the science fiction film Krrish 3 ( 2013 ) , one of the highest-grossing Bollywood films , and won the Filmfare and National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in the comedy-drama Queen ( 2014 ) . In 2015 , Ranaut portrayed a dual role in Tanu Weds Manu Returns , the most successful Bollywood film featuring a female protagonist , for which she won a Filmfare Critics Award and a second consecutive National Film Award for Best Actress .

neg: Rekha Thapa Rekha Thapa is a Nepali actress , model and film maker . She was a top ten finalist for Miss Nepal in 1999 . Two years later she made her movie debut in Chhabiraj Ojha 's Hero . She has worked in around 200 Nepali movies and has gained popularity in the Nepali cine world because of her glamorous role . She owns the movie production house Rekha Entertainment . She won the CG Digital Film Awards for Best Actress , and in 2011 she also won the NEFTA Film Awards for Best Actress .

neg: PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions .   The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) .   PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .

neg: Mohabbat (1997 film) Mohabbat is a romantic Hindi film directed by Reema Nath and starring Madhuri Dixit , Sanjay Kapoor and  Akshay Khanna . The film released on 19 September 1997 and was a flop at the box-office .

neg: Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema .   In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe .   The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt .   The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity .   The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .

neg: Kalpana Iyer Kalpana Iyer ( born c. 1955 ) is a former Miss India and Bollywood actress , well known as a famous vamp of the 1980s and 1990s . Having appeared in a number of films featuring dance sequences ( item numbers ) , she has somewhat reduced in appearance with a brief hiatus in Indian Television . She is currently a restaurateur based in Dubai , UAE .

neg: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Odia The National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Odia is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals , the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , India . It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal ( Silver Lotus ) .   The National Film Awards , established in 1954 , are the most prominent film awards in India that merit the best of the Indian cinema . The ceremony also presents awards for films in various regional languages .   Awards for films in seven regional language ( Bengali , Hindi , Kannada , Malayalam , Marathi , Tamil and Telugu ) started from 2nd National Film Awards which were presented in 1955 . Three awards of `` President 's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film '' , `` Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film '' and `` Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film '' were instituted . The later two certificate awards were discontinued from 15th National Film Awards ( 1967 ) .   The films made in Odia language were not considered until the 8th National Film Awards ceremony held in March 1961 . The 1960 Prafulla Kumar Sengupta directorial film Sri Lokenath received the first president 's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Odia .

neg: Pratap A. Rana Pratap A. Rana , also known as Rana Pratap Singh , was a Bollywood writer and producer . He produced three films , Parwana ( 1947 film ) ( along with producer , R.B. Haldia ) , Vidya ( 1948 ) and Jeet ( 1949 ) as writer-producer , the latter two starring Suraiya and Dev Anand . He was the son-in-law of the writer-director , Mohan Sinha and father of actress , Vidya Sinha . Earlier , he was in the Azad Hind Fauz ( also known as I.N. A. or the Indian National Army ) of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose .   Parwana ( 1947 ) was the last film of the then superstar actor singer Kundan Lal Sehgal , and had the later to be superstar actress singer , Suraiya as the heroine .  Rana 's other two films , Vidya ( 1948 ) and Jeet ( 1949 ) are also very notable films and are watched keenly to this day . All the films are available on YouTube . Superstars of yesteryears , Suraiya and Dev Anand acted in both the films . The two acted in seven films together . During the filming of the song , ` Kinare kinare chale jayenge ' of the film Vidya , the boat in which they were sitting capsized , but thankfully Dev Anand saved Suraiya from drowning . This started their famous romance . The film , ` Vidya ' marked the start of the appearances of the two in films together . ` Jeet ' was released in 1949 , and it was the film in which Dev Anand proposed to Suraiya and gave her a ring worth rupees three thousand . Pratap A. Rana attended Suraiya 's last rites on 31 January 2004 .   The names of Pratap Rana 's wives were Vidya and Jeet . They both died before 1950 . His two films were named after his wives . In the two films , ` Vidya ' and ` Jeet ' , the heroines , played by Suraiya were called ` Vidya ' and ` Jeet ' respectively .

neg: 4th IIFA Awards The 2003 IIFA Awards , officially known as the 4th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2002 and took place on May 17 , 2003 .   The official ceremony took place on April 6 , 2002 , at the Coca-Cola Dome , in Johannesburg . During the ceremony , IIFA Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories .   In 2003 , IIFA returned to South Africa . This time , the sun-kissed shores of Johannesburg was the destination .   For the IIFA Forum , Ramesh Sippy , Smita Thackeray , Kunal Dasgupta , Shyam Shroff and Harish Dayani sat together with moderator Vir Sanghvi and discussed piracy and explored new revenue streams for the industry .   The first-ever IIFA Foundation Charity Celebrity Cricket Match was organized at the Centurion Grounds . It was supported by the entire IIFA contingent , consisting of Indian and South African film stars , celebrities , cricketers , government leaders , IIFA 's South African partners and Indian and South African fans .   The IIFA Awards ceremony shone bright at the Dome at Northgate . The evening was a stunning showcase of talent and Indian charisma . Hosts Anil Kapoor and Dia Mirza swept the audience with charm . Las Ketchup , Saif Ali Khan , Rani Mukherjee , Shilpa Shetty , Akshay Kumar , Salman Khan and Ajay Jadeja set a scorching pace with their electrifying performances . With the light of a million stars shining down upon it , this edition of the IIFA Awards 2003 closed .

neg: Poona Pact The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune , India . It was signed by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and some other leaders to break the fast unto death undertaken by Gandhi in Yerwada prison to annul the Macdonald Award giving separate electorates to Dalits for electing members of state legislative assemblies in British India .   History of the Poona Pact  The British invited leaders of different parties in the Round Table Conferences in 1930-32 to draft a new law involving self-rule for the Indians . Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first and the last but attended the second of the Conferences . The concept of separate electorates for the untouch was raised by Ambedkar . Similar provisions were already available for other minorities , including Muslims , Christians , Anglo-Indians and Sikhs . The British government agreed with Ambedkar 's contention and British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 's Communal Award to the depressed classes was to be incorporated into the constitution in the governance of British India . Gandhi strongly opposed the Communal Award on the grounds that it would disintegrate Hindu society . Ambedkar vehemently criticised the way of handling the problems of the Harijans by Gandhiji . Gandhi took up a fast unto death in his prison cell in Poona , protesting that separate electorates were a device which would separate the untouchables from the Hindu society forever . He began an indefinite hunger strike at Yerwada Central Jail from 20 September 1932 to protest against this Award . A compromise was reached on 24 September 1932 .   The text uses the term `` Depressed Classes '' to denote Untouchables who were later called Scheduled Castes under India Act 1935 , and the later Indian Constitution of 1950 .

neg: Sarwanam Theatre Group Sarwanam Theatre Group is a leading Nepalese theatre group founded by Dr Govind Singh Rawat with its play , directed and written by Dr Govind Singh Rawat and Asses Malla ; `` Murdabad ma utheka hathharu ( Hands raised in protest ) '' at the Tribhuwan University Auditorium in Kathmandu . The play 's target was the political system , with artists depicting the grave realities of the political upheaval in the country . The ruling political elite of the time banned the play . They united with other minded theater artists and gave birth to Sarwanam Theatre Group in A.D 1982 .   Today , Sarwanam has established itself as the leading theater group of Nepal . By introducing alternative theatre that requires little or no artificial props on the stage , Sarwanam has successfully triumphed over the dominating rule of the traditional and conventional proscenium theatre in Nepal . Before the birth of Sarwanam , conventional theatre was the popular form of theatre in Nepal that only focused towards the elite and privileged classes and displayed expensive props and settings . Sarwanam devised alternative theatre as a need to reach out to the common people that accumulate the large population of the country .   Sarwanam emphasizes on mime and symbolic body movements to express social based stories in a distinctive style . Its heart rendering social plays express the plight of sufferers from all across the country . Since its initial days , Sarwanam has been constantly fighting to attain democracy in the nation through its highly artistic plays . It has traveled all over the nation delivering social messages through its plays . It has also established more than 50 theatre groups in various communities by assisting them in training and other activities .  Sarwanam is also the pioneer organization of street theatre in Nepal . In a developing country like Nepal , they took this street theatre to every nook and corner of the country , even to most remote areas where the only mode of transportation is walking . Collaborating with INGO 's like The Asia Foundation , UN , DANIDA , WWF and Save the Children , Sarwanam 's street theatre delivers various social messages through its entertaining and engaging street plays .  Sarwanam has performed popular proscenium plays all over Nepal and most South Asian countries like India , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Pakistan . It regularly invites foreign theatre groups to perform in Nepal .   Some works pioneered by Sarwanam  Street Drama  Experimental presentation of short stories and poems in stage  Advertisement Play  Sarwanam music  Playback Theatre  Community development through theatrical activities .   Organized to perform street theater , Sarwanam performs plays which focus on social issues in Nepal .  Ashesh Malla , Om Mani Sharma , and Indra Ratna Bajracharya form the Managing committee who manage Sarwanam Theatre Group and Sarwanam Dramatic Art Centre .   The group has developed the Sarwanam Art Centre in Putali Sadak , Kalikasthan , Kathmandu , which houses a theatre auditorium , cafeteria , art gallery , workshop hall and research centre .   Sarwanam has given performances in collaboration with The Asia Foundation , UNMIN , UNFPA , and Save the Children .

neg: B. Saroja Devi B. Saroja Devi is an Indian actress , who has acted in Kannada , Tamil , Telugu and Hindi movies . One of the most successful female leads in the history of Indian cinema , she acted in around 200 films over six decades . She is known by the epithets `` Abinaya Saraswathi '' ( Saraswati of acting ) in Kannada and `` Kannadathu Paingili '' ( Kannada 's Parrot ) in Tamil   At the age of 17 , Saroja Devi got her big break with her debut movie itself , that 's the Kannada film Mahakavi Kalidasa ( 1955 ) . In Telugu cinema , she made her debut with Panduranga Mahatyam ( 1959 ) , and starred in a number of successful films until the late 1970s . The Tamil film Nadodi Mannan ( 1958 ) made her one of the top actresses in Tamil cinema . After her marriage in 1967 , she continued to be second in demand actress in Tamil films till 1974 , but she continued to be one of the top actresses in Telugu and Kannada cinema from 1958 until the 1980s . She also starred in Hindi films until the mid-1960s , starting with Paigham ( 1959 ) .   She played the lead heroine in 161 consecutive films in 29 years between 1955 and 1984 . Saroja Devi received the Padma Sri , the fourth-highest civilian honour , in 1969 and Padma Bhushan , third highest civilian award , in 1992 from the Government of India , honourary doctorate from Bangalore University and Kalaimamani award from Tamil nadu .

neg: India's Daughter India 's Daughter is a documentary film directed by Leslee Udwin and is part of the BBC 's ongoing Storyville series . The film is based on the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder of 23-year-old Jyoti Singh who was a physiotherapy student .   The film was scheduled to be aired on TV channels round the world on March 8 to coincide with International Women 's Day . However , when excerpts of the film , which included an interview with Mukesh Singh , one of the four men convicted of the rape and murder , were broadcast , a court stay order prohibiting the broadcast was obtained by the Indian police . The BBC complied with the request and did not air the film in India . Yet it aired outside of India on 4 March , was uploaded on YouTube , and soon went viral via shares on social media . On 5 March , the Indian government directed YouTube to block the video in India .

neg: Swara Bhaskar Swara Bhaskar Chitrapu ( born 9 April 1988 ) is an Indian actress who works in the Hindi film industry . She has received two Filmfare Award nominations and her prime achievements have made her one of the most noticed actresses of the Hindi cinema .   Bhaskar , the daughter of naval officer Chitrapu Uday Bhaskar , was born and raised in Delhi . After receiving her bachelor 's degree in English literature from the University of Delhi , she enrolled herself at the Jawaharlal Nehru University to complete her master 's in Sociology . Bhaskar made her film debut with a supporting role in the 2009 drama Madholal Keep Walking , a commercial failure . She achieved further mainstream attention for her supporting role of a bride-to-be in the commercially successful romantic comedy Tanu Weds Manu ( 2011 ) . Her performance in the film was well received by critics and she garnered a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination .   Bhaskar was praised for portraying an aggressive lover in the critically acclaimed romantic drama Raanjhanaa ( 2013 ) , for which she earned her second Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination . She then played supporting roles in the romantic comedy Tanu Weds Manu Returns ( 2015 ) and the romantic drama Prem Ratan Dhan Payo ( 2015 ) , both of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Her starring roles in the comedy drama Nil Battey Sannata ( 2016 ) , and the drama Anaarkali of Aarah ( 2017 ) were widely acclaimed .

neg: Mallika Sherawat Mallika Sherawat ( born Reema Lamba on October 24 , 1976 ) is an Indian actress who works in Hindi , English and Chinese language films . Known for her bold onscreen attitude in films like Khwahish ( 2003 ) and Murder ( 2004 ) , Sherawat has established herself as a sex symbol and as one of the most popular celebrities in Bollywood . She then appeared in successful romantic comedy Pyaar Ke Side Effects ( 2006 ) which won her much critical acclaim .   Since then , she has appeared in successes like Aap Ka Suroor - The Real Love Story , Welcome ( both 2007 ) -- her biggest commercial success so far -- and Double Dhamaal ( 2011 ) . She is one of the few Bollywood stars trying to crossover to Hollywood , with films like Hisss ( 2010 ) and Politics of Love ( 2011 ) .

neg: Begum Akhtar discography Begum Akhtar ( 1914 -- 1974 ) was a Hindustani classical singer of dadra , thumri and ghazals . Cited as `` one of India 's finest ghazal singers '' , she was referred to as Mallika-E-Tarannum or Mallika-e-Ghazal ( Queen of Ghazals ) . Akhtar 's first recording was a combination of ghazals and dadras for the HMV label and the ghazal `` Woh Asire-Daam-e-Bala '' became popular .   Akhtar 's performances were in the nature of a classical presentation with just the traditional accompaniment of the tabla , sitar and harmonium.Her rendering of Ghalib 's ghazals like `` Aah Ko Chahiye Ik Umr Asar Hone Tak '' and `` Koi Umeed Bar Nahin Aati '' made her a `` household name '' .   She started her career as a mehfil singer under her name Akhtari Bai , and became famous when she sang at the Bihar earthquake music conference in 1934 . On the basis of the popularity she got offers in films , starting her career with Ek Din Ka Badshah and Nal Damayanti ( 1933 ) produced by the East India Company , Calcutta . In 1942 , she was cast by Mehboob Khan in Roti . One of the songs that became popular was `` Phir Se Fasle Bahar Aayi '' . There was a hiatus of five years in her career when she married Ishtiaq Ahmed Abbasi , Nawab of Kakoli in 1945 . She returned to films with Dana Pani ( 1953 ) and Ehsan ( 1954 ) . She stopped working in films after 1956 but continued giving performances on stage . Her repertoire included the ghazals of Ghalib , Momin , Faiz Ahmed Faiz , Jigar Moradabadi , Shakeel Badayuni , Mir Taqi Mir , Sauda and Shamim Jaipuri .

neg: Ranadheera Kanteerava Ranadheera Kanteerava is a 1960 Kannada historical drama biographical film directed by the editor-turned-director N. C. Rajan and written by G. V. Iyer . It is one of the most popular films of acclaimed Kannada actor Rajkumar , who plays the role of an emperor Kanthirava Narasaraja I of the Wodeyar dynasty , Mysore who was fondly named as Ranadheera Kanteerava . The film depicts the life of Kanteerava , who is known for his immense physical strength through wrestling . The film also stars Udaykumar , Balakrishna , Leelavathi , Narasimharaju and Sandhya in the prominent roles .   The film was released at a time during the severe crisis in the Kannada film industry due to the financial constraints . This film was produced through a co-operative forum called `` Kannada Chalanachitra Kalavidara Sangha '' formed by actors Rajkumar , Balakrishna , Narasimharaju and acclaimed writer G. V. Iyer . Thus this was the first venture where Rajkumar turned producer for the film . The film . post release suffered an initial hitch as no distributor came forward to screen the film . Later it was released in a single `` Bharath '' theater and found huge collections drawing . This film screened at IFFI 1992 .

neg: Rajat Kapoor Rajat Kapoor is an Indian actor , writer and director born in 1961 .  Kapoor was born in Delhi , India . As a teenager he would watch films with his family and decided to become a filmmaker at the age of 14 . He mainly focused on acting at first . In 1983 he joined the theatre group Chingari in Delhi , later moving to Pune to attend the Film and Television Institute of India ( FTII ) .

neg: Aap Ki Kasam Aap Ki Kasam ( I swear by you ) is a 1974 Hindi film produced by J. Om Prakash , which also marks his directorial debut . The film stars Rajesh Khanna , Mumtaz , Sanjeev Kumar , Rehman , Asrani and A. K. Hangal . The music is by R.D. Burman , who received the only Filmfare nomination for the film . The film was successful and was declared as hit on the box office , and it was also acclaimed by the critics . The songs from the film , including ` Jai Jai Shiv Shankar ' , ` Zindagi ke safar mein ' and ` Karvate badalate rahen ' , became very popular .   The Hindu newspaper in its review of the film quoted `` In a remarkable scene , where Rajesh Khanna , his anger simmering , confronts Mumtaz , the director , J. Om Prakash , brings out the performer in both . Mumtaz brings compelling expressions to her countenance as her initial disbelief at being doubted by her husband is transformed from anguish to fury in a flash . This remains the standout moment of the movie apart from the song `` Zindagi ke safar mein guzar jate hain jo maqaam '' .   The film is a remake of a Malayalam film , Vaazhve Mayam ( 1970 ) , directed by K S Sethumadhavan , where the ending was different . The film was later also remade in Telugu , retaining the original ending , by director Dasari Narayana Rao as Edadugula Bandham ( 1985 ) starring Mohan Babu and Jayasudha .

neg: Shilpa Ranade Shilpa Ranade ( born 1966 ) is an acclaimed Indian designer , animator , illustrator , filmmaker and academician . She has been faculty at Industrial Design Centre in Mumbai since 2001 . She has directed animated short films for Channel 4 , UK and her films have been screened all over the world , winning accolades in some of the most prestigious film festivals . The award-winning animation movie Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya was her first full-length feature film which world premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival . Her other films are Naja Goes to School and Mani 's Dying .

neg: Hrid Majharey Hrid Majharey ( Live in my Heart ) is a critically acclaimed 2014 India-Bengali cult love tragedy film written and directed by debutant Bengali filmmaker Ranjan Ghosh . Inspired by Othello and incorporating elements from Macbeth and Julius Caesar , this was the first film in the Bengali language based on the works of William Shakespeare and is internationally considered as one of the top five World Adaptations of Othello . It was first presented as a tribute on his 450th Birth Anniversary in 2014 . Critics consider it among the top ten adaptations of Shakespeare in Indian cinema , since 1949 .   The movie achieved cult status by having the unique honour of surviving a crucial two-year journey , from its launch in July 2014 celebrating Shakespeare 's 450th birth-anniversary , to being showcased at a British Conference on the Bard held in London in April 2016 to mark 400 years of his death .   The prestigious Oxford , Cambridge and RSA Examinations Board enlisted Hrid Majharey in ` Additional Resources - World/International Adaptations of Othello ' for their ' A Level Drama and Theatre ' course with the theme ` Heroes and Villains - Othello ' . Earlier in 2015 , the movie was screened at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts , and was included in their PhD in Cinema Studies ( ` Shakespeare and Indian Cinema ' ) .   Still earlier in its year of release in 2014 , it had earned a rare recommendation from Film London in its list of world cinema based on Shakespearean plays . In another major achievement , the film and its screenplay were included in the UGC Literature Archive through the ` Shakespeare in Bengal ' project conducted by Jadavpur University .   Hrid Majharey had already created history by becoming the first Bengali film to be shot in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands after a gap of more than three decades . It was shot in 2013 in the Archipelagos . The last time was in 1979 when veteran filmmaker Tapan Sinha partly shot his children 's adventure film Sabuj Dwiper Raja in Port Blair .   Matinee idols Abir Chatterjee and Raima Sen debuted together in a romantic pairing for the very first time in this modern revisiting of William Shakespeare .


query: Marlon Brando took part in a film adapted from the work of a writer of more than 40 books.

pos: Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements .   He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 .   The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s .   Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .

pos: James A. Michener James Albert Michener ( -LSB- ˈmɪtʃnər -RSB- February 3 , 1907 -- October 16 , 1997 ) was an American author of more than 40 books , most of which were fictional , lengthy family sagas covering the lives of many generations in particular geographic locales and incorporating solid history . Michener was known for the popularity of his works ; he had numerous bestsellers and works selected for Book of the Month Club . He was also known for his meticulous research behind the books .   Michener 's novels include Tales of the South Pacific for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948 , Hawaii , The Drifters , Centennial , The Source , The Fires of Spring , Chesapeake , Caribbean , Caravans , Alaska , Texas , and Poland . His non-fiction works include Iberia , about his travels in Spain and Portugal ; his memoir titled The World Is My Home ; and Sports in America . Return to Paradise combines fictional short stories with Michener 's factual descriptions of the Pacific areas where they take place .   His first book was adapted as the popular Broadway musical South Pacific by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein , and later as eponymous feature films in 1958 and 2001 , adding to his financial success . He also wrote an analysis of the United States ' Electoral College system in a book which condemned it , entitled Presidential Lottery : The Reckless Gamble in Our Electoral System . It was published in 1969 , and republished in 2014 and 2016 .

neg: Charlotte's Web Charlotte 's Web is a children 's novel by American author E. B. White and illustrated by Garth Williams ; it was published in October 15 , 1952 , by Harper & Brothers . The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a barn spider named Charlotte . When Wilbur is in danger of being slaughtered by the farmer , Charlotte writes messages praising Wilbur ( such as `` Some Pig '' ) in her web in order to persuade the farmer to let him live .   Written in White 's dry , low-key manner , Charlotte 's Web is considered a classic of children 's literature , enjoyable to adults as well as children . The description of the experience of swinging on a rope swing at the farm is an often cited example of rhythm in writing , as the pace of the sentences reflects the motion of the swing . In 2000 , Publishers Weekly listed the book as the best-selling children 's paperback of all time .   Charlotte 's Web was adapted into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Sagittarius Productions in 1973 . Paramount released a direct-to-video sequel , Charlotte 's Web 2 : Wilbur 's Great Adventure , in the U.S. in 2003 ( Universal released the film internationally ) . A live-action film version of E. B. White 's original story was released in 2006 . A video game based on this adaption was also released in 2006 .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Jane Eyre (1910 film) Jane Eyre is a 1910 American silent short classic drama produced by the Thanhouser Film Corporation . Adapted from Charlotte Brontë 's 1847 novel , Jane Eyre , the film mirrors the events and plot of the original book . The writer of the scenario is unknown , but Lloyd Lonergan probably adapted the work . The film 's director is often and erroneously claimed to be Theodore Marston , but Barry O'Neil or Lloyd B. Carleton are possible candidates . The cast of the film was credited , an act rare and unusual in the era .   This was the first American , first English language and second or third worldwide movie adaptation , of at least 27 film and television versionsof the novel . Such repeated dissemination has made the Brontë sisters ' two major works ubiquitous .   The single reel film , approximately 1000 feet long , was released on May 6 , 1910 . It was later credited by Edwin Thanhouser as marking the assured success of the company . The popularity of the production resulted in the production of additional copies , so the Thanhouser company had more orders than could be filled . Critical reception to the film was generally positive , but with some minor criticisms . The film is presumed lost .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Let the People Sing (novel) Let the People Sing is a 1939 comedy novel by the British writer J. B. Priestley . It examines civic politics and corruption in the small English town of Dunbury , where the music hall is due to be closed . It was adapted into a 1942 film '' Let the People Sing .

neg: Go Ask Alice Go Ask Alice is a 1971 fiction book about a teenage girl who develops a drug habit at age 15 , runs away from home , and eventually dies of a drug overdose . Attributed to `` Anonymous '' , the book is in diary form , and was originally presented as being the edited `` real diary '' of the unnamed teenage protagonist . Questions about the book 's authenticity and true authorship began to arise in the late 1970s , and it is now generally viewed as a work of fiction written by Beatrice Sparks , a therapist and author who went on to write numerous other books purporting to be real diaries of troubled teenagers . Some sources have also named Linda Glovach as a co-author of the book .   Intended for a young adult audience , Go Ask Alice became a widely popular bestseller . It was initially praised for conveying a powerful message about the dangers of drug abuse , but more recently has been criticized as poorly written anti-drug propaganda and also as a literary hoax . Nevertheless , its popularity has endured , and as of 2014 it had remained continuously in print since its publication over four decades earlier . Go Ask Alice has also ranked among the most frequently challenged books for several decades due to its use of profanity and explicit references to sex and rape , as well as drugs .   The book was adapted into the 1973 television film Go Ask Alice , starring Jamie Smith-Jackson and William Shatner . In 1976 , a stage play of the same name , written by Frank Shiras and based on the book , was also published .

neg: The Hurricane (novel) The Hurricane is a 1936 novel by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall about a Pacific Ocean hurricane . It was adapted into two films , The Hurricane ( 1937 ) , directed by John Ford , and Hurricane ( 1979 ) , by Swedish director Jan Troell .

neg: John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films .   Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed .   Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war .   Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .

neg: The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy .   The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels .   In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming .   Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries .   Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .

neg: BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s .   BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list .   Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .

neg: Romeo + Juliet William Shakespeare 's Romeo + Juliet ( shortened to Romeo + Juliet ) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Baz Luhrmann , co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli and co-written by Craig Pearce , being an adaption and modernization of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet , who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her despite them being members of the Montague and Capulet family ; Brian Dennehy , John Leguizamo , Pete Postlethwaite , Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora star in supporting roles .   While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue , the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires ( with legitimate business fronts ) and swords are replaced with guns ( with brand names such as `` Dagger '' and `` Sword '' ) . Some of the characters ' names are also changed . Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names ( as opposed to the Shakespeare original where their first names are never mentioned ) , Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence , and Prince Escalus is renamed Captain Prince . There is also no Friar John , who was in the original play . Also , some characters were switched from one family to the other -- in the original , Gregory and Sampson are Capulets , but in the film , they are Montagues . ( Abram , as Abra , and Petruchio , conversely , are shifted from the Montague to the Capulet family . ) In addition , a few plot details are shifted , most notably near the ending .   The film was released on November 1 , 1996 by 20th Century Fox to commercial and generally critical success , grossing over $ 147.5 million over a $ 14.5 million budget and receiving generally positive reviews . At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 , DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize . Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture . At the 69th Academy Awards , Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration .

neg: Manhattan Transfer (novel) Manhattan Transfer is an American novel by John Dos Passos published in 1925 . It focuses on the development of urban life in New York City from the Gilded Age to the Jazz Age as told through a series of overlapping individual stories .   It is considered to be one of Dos Passos ' most important works . The book attacks the consumerism and social indifference of contemporary urban life , portraying a Manhattan that is merciless yet teeming with energy and restlessness . The book shows some of Dos Passos ' experimental writing techniques and narrative collages that would become more pronounced in his U.S.A. trilogy and other later works . The technique in Manhattan Transfer was inspired in part by James Joyce 's Ulysses ( 1922 ) , T. S. Eliot 's The Waste Land , and experiments with film collage by Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein .   Sinclair Lewis described it as `` a novel of the very first importance ... The dawn of a whole new school of writing . '' D. H. Lawrence called it `` the best modern book about New York '' he had ever read , describing it as `` a very complete  film ... of the vast loose gang of strivers and winners and losers which seems to be the very pep of New York . '' In a blurb for a European edition , Ernest Hemingway wrote that , alone among American writers , Dos Passos has `` been able to show to Europeans the America they really find when they come here . ''

neg: Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization .   The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication .   In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) .   In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture .   With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records .   Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .

neg: The Other (novel) The Other '' is the 1971 debut novel by Thomas Tryon . Set in 1935 , the novel focuses on the sadistic relationship between two thirteen-year-old identical twin boys , one who is well-behaved , and the other , a sociopath who wreaks havoc on his family 's rural New England farm property .   Tryon , who had been a working actor prior , retired from his Hollywood career to become a novelist . Upon its release , the novel received wide critical acclaim , and was adapted into a 1972 film of the same name directed by Robert Mulligan and starring Uta Hagen . The novel was reprinted in a commemorative edition in 2012 by New York Review Books with an afterword by Dan Chaon .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592 .   The play begins with a framing device , often referred to as the induction , in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself . The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly 's diversion .   The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and Katherina , the headstrong , obdurate shrew . Initially , Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship ; however , Petruchio `` tames '' her with various psychological torments , such as keeping her from eating and drinking , until she becomes a desirable , compliant , and obedient bride . The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina 's younger sister , Bianca , who is seen as the `` ideal '' woman . The question of whether the play is misogynistic or not has become the subject of considerable controversy , particularly among modern scholars , audiences , and readers .   The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage , screen , opera , ballet , and musical theatre ; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter 's Kiss Me , Kate and the 1967 film of the play , starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . The 1999 high school comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You is also loosely based on the play .

neg: Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' .   The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows :  Fiction  William Boyd - Any Human Heart  Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up !  Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated  Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal  Nick Hornby - How to Be Good  Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story  Matthew Kneale - English Passengers  Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist  Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian  Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now  Ali Smith - The Accidental  Zadie Smith - White Teeth  Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction  Pat Barker - Regeneration   Non-fiction  Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival  Niall Ferguson - Empire  Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World  Malcolm Gladwell - Blink  Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos  Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics  James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia  Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation   Crime  Donna Tartt - The Secret History  P. D. James - A Certain Justice  John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders  Alex Garland - The Beach  Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy   Travel and adventure  Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun  Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey  Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari   Biography  Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind  Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life  Jeremy Paxman - The English   Essays  Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy  Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson  Alistair Cooke - Letter from America

neg: I Lost It at the Movies I Lost It at the Movies ( 1965 ) is Pauline Kael 's first collection of reviews , covering the years 1954 -- 1965 , which was published prior to her long stint at The New Yorker . As a result , the pieces in the book are culled from radio broadcasts that she did while she was at KPFA , as well as numerous periodicals , including Moviegoer , the Massachusetts Review , Sight and Sound , Film Culture , Film Quarterly and Partisan Review . It contains her negative review of the then widely acclaimed West Side Story , glowing reviews of other movies such as The Golden Coach and Seven Samurai , as well as longer polemical essays such as her largely negative critical responses to Siegfried Kracauer 's Theory of Film and Andrew Sarris 's Film Culture essay Notes on the Auteur Theory , 1962 . The book was a bestseller upon its first release , and is now published by Marion Boyars Publishers .   Kael 's first book is characterized by an approach where she would often quote contemporary critics such as Bosley Crowther and Dwight Macdonald as a springboard to debunk their assertions while advancing her own ideas . This approach was later abandoned in her subsequent reviews , but is notably referred to in Macdonald 's book , Dwight Macdonald On Movies ( 1969 ) .   When an interviewer asked her in later years as to what she had `` lost '' , as indicated in the title , Kael averred : `` There are so many kinds of innocence to be lost at the movies . '' It is the first in a series of titles of books that would have a deliberately erotic connotation , typifying the sensual relation Kael perceived herself as having with the movies , as opposed to the theoretical bent that some among her colleagues had .

neg: The Rains Came The Rains Came is a 1939 20th Century Fox film based on an American novel by Louis Bromfield ( published in June 1937 by Harper & Brothers ) . The film was directed by Clarence Brown and stars Tyrone Power , Myrna Loy , George Brent , Brenda Joyce , Nigel Bruce , and Maria Ouspenskaya .   A remake of the film was released in 1955 under the name The Rains of Ranchipur .

neg: This Changes Everything This Changes Everything : Capitalism vs. the Climate is Naomi Klein 's fourth book ; it was published in 2014 by Simon & Schuster . In it , Klein argues that the climate crisis can not be addressed in the current era of neoliberal market fundamentalism , which encourages profligate consumption and has resulted in mega-mergers and trade agreements hostile to the health of the environment .   The book debuted on the New York Times bestseller list at number five on 5 October 2014 .   A documentary based on the book , titled This Changes Everything , was directed by Avi Lewis and produced by Alfonso Cuaron , Danny Glover and Seth MacFarlane .