query: Life Is Peachy was released by Epic Records.

pos: Life Is Peachy Life Is Peachy is the second studio album by the American nu metal band Korn , released on October 15 , 1996 through both Immortal Records and Epic Records . After the release of Korn 's 1994 self-titled debut album , the band asked Ross Robinson to produce and went back to Indigo Ranch to record . Life Is Peachy has fourteen tracks , excluding the hidden track after `` Kill You '' . Korn released three singles from Life Is Peachy : `` No Place to Hide '' , `` A.D.I.D.A.S. '' , and `` Good God '' . All three singles went on the UK Singles Chart . Life Is Peachy features such themes as drugs , social encounters , sex , and revenge . The album 's cover art was designed by Martin Riedl and its name is credited to Korn 's bassist Reginald `` Fieldy '' Arvizu .   Life Is Peachy was certified gold on January 8 , 1997 and was later certified platinum on December 9 , 1997 . Following the success of Korn 's 1994 self-titled debut album , Life Is Peachy was certified double platinum on November 10 , 1999 . Life Is Peachy debuted and peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and peaked at number one in New Zealand . In its first week of being released , the album sold 106,000 copies . Critical reception for Life Is Peachy was mainly mixed , with critics praising the album 's songwriting and sound quality .   Before the release of Life Is Peachy , Korn toured with many bands . Initially , Korn joined the Sick of It All Tour . Following the Sick of It All Tour , Korn joined the Danzig 4 Tour . Korn also toured with Megadeth , Fear Factory , and Flotsam and Jetsam . After the release of Life Is Peachy , Korn toured solo , and headlined and often sold out shows . Korn also toured in the Lollapalooza summer tour .

neg: Dance Again... the Hits Dance Again ... the Hits is the first greatest hits album of American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . It was released on July 20 , 2012 , by Epic Records , to coincide with the launch of her first world tour , the Dance Again World Tour . Lopez previously conceived plans for a greatest hits album in 2009 , but instead opted to use the material recorded for her seventh studio album , Love ? , which was released by Island Records in May 2011 after her departure from Epic Records in 2010 . As Lopez owed the label one last album to fulfill her contract , she began work on a new greatest hits album in November 2011 . She later became unsure whether she wanted to go along with plans to release a greatest hits album or a new studio album , eventually deciding on the former .   Dance Again ... the Hits comprises eleven previously released tracks , and two new recordings : `` Dance Again '' and `` Goin ' In '' . A deluxe edition of the album was also released , featuring three additional previously released tracks , and a DVD featuring a selection of eleven music videos . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised it as a reflection of Lopez 's success . Some critics expressed their disappointment in the absence of several successful singles , but deemed this as impressive , noting that this may have been due to the large volume of hit singles she has released over the years . Dance Again ... The Hits was a moderate commercial success , peaking within the top ten in fourteen national charts , and the top twenty in ten national charts .

neg: Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions .   Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction .   Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .

neg: Peaches (The Stranglers song) `` Peaches '' is a song and single by The Stranglers . It was one of the big summer hits of 1977 in the UK , a close rival to The Sex Pistols ' `` God Save The Queen '' in terms of notoriety . The track peaked at No. 8 in the UK Singles Chart .

neg: It's a Wonderful Life (EP) It 's a Wonderful Life is a four-song Christmas extended play ( EP ) release by the alternative rock band Fishbone in 1987 . The EP quickly went out of print , but its four songs were preserved on the 1996 retrospective Fishbone 101 : Nuttasaurusmeg Fossil Fuelin ' the Fonkay and the title track was featured on the 2003 greatest hits compilation album The Essential Fishbone .

neg: Life (cereal) Life is a breakfast cereal formerly made solely of whole grain oats , but now also containing sugar , corn flour , whole wheat flour , and rice flour . It is distributed by the Quaker Oats Company . It was introduced in 1961 . The cereal 's advertisements currently sport the slogan `` Life is full of surprises '' .

neg: Still Life (The Connells album) Still Life is the seventh studio album by the American pop/rock band The Connells , released in 1998 .

neg: Jon Butcher Axis (album) John Butcher Axis is the eponymous debut studio album by Jon Butcher Axis , released in 1983 on Polydor/PolyGram Records . The single `` Life Takes a Life '' reached number 26 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart . The album reached number 91 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart .

neg: Blossomy Blossomy is the eleventh studio album ( the 13th album overall ) by the Taiwanese Mandopop girl group S.H.E. . It was released on November 16 , 2012 by HIM International Music , two years and eight months after their last album , SHERO . It was their first album since member Selina Ren sustained serious burn injuries in an accident while shooting a drama .   The title track , '' 花又開好了 '' ( Blossomy ) , was first broadcast on Hit FM on October 22 , 2012 . The full version was released on October 24 , 2012 . Its accompanying music video was broadcast on seven Taiwanese news channels .   The album is the sixth best-selling album in Taiwan in 2012 . The tracks '' 花又開好了 '' ( Blossomy ) , '' 心還是熱的 '' ( Warm Heart ) and '' 像女孩的女人 '' ( The Innocent Women ) are listed at number 5 , 38 and 57 respectively on Hit FM 's Annual Top 100 Singles Chart for 2012 .

neg: Juicy Love (Happiness song) `` Juicy Love '' ( stylized as `` JUICY LOVE in digital formats ) is a song recorded by Japanese girl group Happiness , taken as the lead single from their second studio album , Girlz n ' Effect ( 2016 ) . It was released on May 28 , 2014 via Rhythm Zone and Avex Music Creative Inc. , and distributed in four physical formats -- two standard compact discs , music cards and a CD and DVD bundle -- and for digital consumption . The track was written and co-composed by Kanata Okajima , with additional music and production credits to Albi Albertsson and Patrick Hamilton ; co-production was handled by Exile 's Hiro .   Musically , it is a dance-pop song that incorporates synthesizers and keyboards within its instrumentation . Although members Karen Fujii and Ruri Kawamoto provide vocals throughout the composition , the remaining five girls sing background vocals through the songs chorus . Lyrically , the song focuses of themes of enjoyment and love . Upon its release , `` Juicy Love '' received favorable reviews from music critics , with compliments aimed towards its dance nature and noted the creative progression since member Miyuu took over leadership of the group .   Commercially , `` Juicy Love '' experienced moderate success in Japan , reaching the top 10 on both the Oricon Singles Chart and Japan Hot 100 . By June 2014 , the single sold over 30,000 units as reported by Oricon . An accompanying music video was published on the Avex Trax YouTube channel , depicting them in three rooms that focus on different fashion styles . In order to promote the track , Happiness performed `` Juicy Love '' on several television and live shows , and was subsequently used as the ending theme song to Nippon TV 's Pon ( 2014 ) .

neg: Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions .   Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .

neg: Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone .   Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .

neg: Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases .   At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more .   Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . ''   So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) .   Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog .   Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' .   Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark .   The Music of Life catalog includes songs from :   M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1  Thrashpack  She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo )  Daddy Freddy  Asher D  Tenor Fly  Nitty Gritty  Derek B  Hijack  Hardnoise  3 Knights  DJ Daddy  Leslie Lyrics  Norman Cook  Paul Oakenfold  George Clinton  Simon Harris ( label founder )  Einstein  Ambassadors of Funk  Afrika Bambaataa  Demon Boyz  Professor Griff  Clyde Stubblefield  Killa Instinct  S.L. Troopers  First Frontal Assault  Kobalt 60  Overlord X

neg: Sweet Smell of Success – Best of the Epic Years Sweet Smell of Success -- Best of the Epic Years is a compilation album by The Stranglers .

neg: Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more .   The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .

neg: Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success .   Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively .   In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .

neg: Love Is What Life's All About Love Is What Life 's All About is the tenth album by country singer Moe Bandy , released in 1978 on the Columbia label .

neg: The Essential Allman Brothers Band: The Epic Years The Essential Allman Brothers Band : The Epic Years is a greatest hits album by the Allman Brothers Band released in 2004 . The album is put out by their former label , Epic Records , and is part of then-Sony BMG 's The Essential series . The album has songs created by the band from their switch to Epic for their 1989 reformation until they left the label in 2003 . What is now Sony Music Entertainment also owns the band 's releases on Arista Records .

neg: This Perfect World This Perfect World is the third album by singer-songwriter Freedy Johnston . It was released in 1994 on Elektra Records .   It is an album steeped in regret and loss . The narrator of `` Across the Avenue '' is unable to get past the memory of seeing his lover killed in a pedestrian accident . In `` Two Lovers Stop , '' a young couple commit suicide rather than let themselves be ripped away from each other . The title track concerns a dying old man returning to apologize to his estranged daughter for unspecified past misdeeds . Among the other songs , `` Evie 's Tears '' apparently refers to sexual abuse ( evidently by a priest ) , and `` Dolores '' is based on Nabokov 's Lolita . Despite the preponderance of dark subject matter , the album has a jaunty feel as Johnston demonstrates an ability to craft winning pop melodies .   Reviews of the album were overflowing with praise , although those same reviewers also generally felt that it did n't quite measure up to his previous album , 1992 's Can You Fly .   This Perfect World was produced by Butch Vig , who also played on the album 's minor hit , `` Bad Reputation . '' Other notable contributors include cellist Jane Scarpantoni , who performed on two tracks , and Marshall Crenshaw .

neg: My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult discography The American electronic industrial rock band My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult has released ten studio albums , one live album , three compilation albums , two video albums , six remix albums , three extended plays , and ten singles . In addition , their songs have been featured on three soundtrack albums and one promotional single for major Hollywood films .   They began their career on the independent record label Wax Trax ! Records , which , like the band , was based in Chicago . In 1991 , their single `` Sexplosion ! '' from the album of the same name became a top 10 dance club hit in the U.S. Following this success , Thrill Kill Kult was signed by the major label Interscope Records , which re-released the Sexplosion ! album . On Interscope , the band achieved their biggest hit , `` Sex On Wheelz '' , which reached the top 20 on both the dance club and alternative U.S. charts .   The band 's 1993 Interscope album 13 Above the Night was their only album to chart , reaching # 194 on the Billboard top 200 albums chart . The album provided two more dance chart hits , `` Blue Buddha '' and `` Final Blindness '' . After one more Interscope album , Thrill Kill Kult briefly moved to Red Ant Records in the late 1990s . Their releases since 2000 have been on Rykodisc and/or the band 's own label , Sleazebox Records .   Thrill Kill Kult 's songs have also been featured ( along with other artists ) on three soundtrack albums for the films Cool World ( 1992 ) , The Crow ( 1994 ) , and Showgirls ( 1995 ) , as well as a promo-only single for the film The Flintstones ( 1994 ) .

neg: Caught in a Life Caught in a Life is Norwegian band Donkeyboy 's debut album from October 2009 . It was produced by Simen M Eriksrud and Espen Berg at Livingroom Studios , Oslo . It topped the Norwegian Albums Chart in the winter of 2009 .   It was released on October 19 , 2009 . The album has produced for the band two massive # 1 hit singles on the Norwegian Singles Chart , `` Ambitions '' that stayed on top of the Norwegian charts for 13 weeks , followed by `` Sometimes '' that stayed on the top of the same charts for another 8 weeks , both in 2009 . `` Ambitions '' also topped the Swedish Singles Chart in February 2010 .   There were three more singles from the album that reached the Top 10 , namely `` Broke My Eyes '' that reached # 6 , `` Awake '' that reached # 8 and `` Blade Running '' that also reached # 8 .   In early 2010 , `` Stereolife '' has been released as a single .


query: Sarah Silverman never wrote for a sketch comedy show.

pos: Saturday Night Live Saturday Night Live ( abbreviated as SNL ) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol . The show premiered on NBC on October 11 , 1975 , under the original title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show 's comedy sketches , which parody contemporary culture and politics , are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members . Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest ( who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast ) and features performances by a musical guest . An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming , `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' , properly beginning the show .   In 1980 , Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities . He was replaced by Jean Doumanian , who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews . Ebersol ran the show until 1985 , when Michaels returned ; Michaels has remained since then . Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show , and achieved success in film and television , both in front of and behind the camera . Others associated with the show , such as writers , have gone on to successful careers creating , writing , or starring in TV and film .   Broadcast from Studio 8H at NBC 's headquarters in the Comcast Building , SNL has aired 829 episodes since its debut , and concluded its forty-second season on May 20 , 2017 , making it one of the longest-running network television programs in the United States . The show format has been developed and recreated in several countries , meeting with different levels of success . Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films , although only two met with critical and financial success : The Blues Brothers ( 1980 ) and Wayne 's World ( 1992 ) . The show has been marketed in other ways , including home media releases of `` best of '' and whole seasons , and books and documentaries about behind-the-scenes activities of running and developing the show .   Throughout four decades on air , Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards , including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards , two Peabody Awards , and three Writers Guild of America Awards . In 2000 , it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame . It was ranked tenth in TV Guide `` 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time '' list , and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazine 's `` 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME '' . As of 2012 , it has received 156 Emmy nominations , the most received by any TV show . The live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship , with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests .

pos: Sarah Silverman Sarah Kate Silverman ( born December 1 , 1970 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actress , producer , and writer . Her comedy addresses social taboos and controversial topics , such as racism , sexism , and religion , having her comic character endorse them in a sarcastic fashion . For her work on television , she won two Primetime Emmy Awards .   Silverman was a writer and occasional performer on Saturday Night Live , and starred in and produced The Sarah Silverman Program , which ran from 2007 to 2010 on Comedy Central , for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series . She released an autobiography The Bedwetter in 2010 . She also appeared in other television programs , such as Mr. Show and V.I.P. , and starred in films , including Who 's the Caboose ? ( 1997 ) , School of Rock ( 2003 ) , Wreck-It Ralph ( 2012 ) , and A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) .   In 2015 , she starred in the drama I Smile Back , for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role .

neg: The Kevin Bishop Show The Kevin Bishop Show was a sketch comedy written by and starring English comedian Kevin Bishop , part of the Star Stories team . The show was commissioned by Channel 4 for a six-part series starting on 25 July 2008 at 10pm . A pilot was broadcast on 23 November 2007 as part of Channel 4 's Comedy Showcase and the programme soon earned interest for its incredibly fast pace ; 42 sketches were shown in 23 minutes . The show was nominated for Best New Comedy at the 2008 British Comedy Awards . The show started its second series on Friday 31 July 2009 at 10pm on Channel 4 .

neg: Laura Solon: Talking and Not Talking Laura Solon : Talking and Not Talking is a comedy sketch show created by British Perrier Award winning comedian , Laura Solon . The show was first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . Following her success with Kopfraper 's Syndrome : One Man and His Incredible Mind , Solon went on to create the show with the BBC . Like in her previous shows , Talking and Not Talking uses a variety of short sketches , featuring different characters , some recurring , some not . The show was voted on the British Comedy Guide website as the `` Best British Radio Sketch Show of 2008 '' .   The first series was broadcast between 10 January 2007 and 14 February 2007 . The second series was broadcast between 28 May 2008 and 2 July 2008 . The third series was recorded in April and May 2009 and began broadcasting on 18 November 2009 .

neg: The Catherine Tate Show The Catherine Tate Show is a British television sketch comedy written by Catherine Tate and Aschlin Ditta . Tate also stars in all but one of the show 's sketches , which feature a wide range of characters . The Catherine Tate Show airs on BBC Two and is shown worldwide through the BBC . Collectively , the show has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards , two British Comedy Awards and an Emmy Award , and it has won two Royal Television Society Awards , two British Comedy Awards and a National Television Award since its debut in 2004 .

neg: Next! (TV series) Next ! is an American sketch comedy series featuring former Saturday Night Live writer/actor Bob Odenkirk . It was originally produced by 20th Century Fox Television in 2001 . Two pilot episodes and a few extra sketches were filmed but the show was cancelled before airing . FOX ultimately chose to produce Cedric the Entertainer Presents instead of Next ! .   The show features a number of notable alternative comedians as both cast members and writers including Zach Galifianakis , Fred Armisen , Patton Oswalt , Jay Johnston , and Jerry Minor .

neg: Search Party (2016 TV series) Search Party is an American dark comedy television series created by Sarah-Violet Bliss , Charles Rogers , and Michael Showalter . TBS picked up the pilot to series in November 2015 . All ten episodes are currently available online . On December 13 , 2016 , TBS renewed the show for a second season .

neg: List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! ''   Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber .   Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .

neg: Springman Records Springman Records is an independent record label founded in 1998 by Avi Ehrlich that was run out of his parents ' garage in Cupertino , California , until late 2005 , when Ehrlich moved the label to Sacramento . The label 's official slogan is `` Friendly Punks '' though many other styles of music appear on the label , such as indie rock , rockabilly , ska , folk music , pop punk , and hardcore .   In 2007 , Springman stopped releasing albums , but launched Silver Sprocket , a bicycle club that also releases records with a more collective and community-oriented philosophy . Silver Sprocket members jokingly refer to themselves as a cult on their Myspace page .   The group has been involved in political and community-related projects around Sacramento . As an imprint , Silver Sprocket has released albums , clothing , toys , and art-related projects .   Now based in Ehrlich 's San Francisco Victorian , Silver Sprocket 's business side works with numerous bands and graphic artists , including Mitch Clem of the Nothing Nice To Say webcomic to release his merchandise and managing his record label , Face Palm Records .

neg: Saturday Night Live (season 24) The twenty-fourth season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between September 26 , 1998 , and May 15 , 1999 .

neg: Portlandia (TV series) Portlandia is a sketch comedy television series set and filmed in and around Portland , Oregon , starring Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein . The show is produced by Broadway Video Television and IFC Original Productions . It was created by Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein , along with Jonathan Krisel , who directs it . It debuted on IFC on January 21 , 2011 .   The show shares its title with the sculpture of the same name that sits above the entrance of the Portland Building on Fifth Avenue in downtown Portland , which appears in the show 's title sequence . The show has won a Peabody Award .   In January 2017 , the series was renewed for an eighth and final season to debut in 2018 .

neg: TripTank TripTank is an American adult animated television series which premiered April 2 , 2014 on Comedy Central . The show is made up of various sketches , portrayed by multiple animation styles and writers . Although no direct correlation exists between the different stories , a continued theme of dark satire prevails throughout .   Voicing talent includes Carlos Alazraqui , Bill Oakley , Wayne Brady , Bob Odenkirk , Curtis Armstrong , Nat Faxon , Tom Kenny , Rachel Butera , Larry David , Yotam Perel , Rob Yulfo , Zach Galifianakis , Kumail Nanjiani , Brett Gelman , Kyle Kinane , John DiMaggio , Duncan Trussell , Joey Diaz , among others .

neg: Bruiser (TV series) Bruiser is a TV comedy sketch show that was produced for BBC Two . It premiered on 28 February 2000 and ran for six episodes , ending on 15 March 2000 . The main writers were David Mitchell and Robert Webb . Additional writers included Richard Ayoade and Ricky Gervais .   The BBC writes `` And if the series itself is not widely remembered , it 's notable not least for bringing together an immensely talented group of young performers who have since joined the ` A ' list of British comedians . ''   Cast members were Olivia Colman , David Mitchell , Robert Webb , Martin Freeman , Matthew Holness and Charlotte Hudson .

neg: This Is Not Happening (TV series) This Is Not Happening is an American storytelling show hosted by Ari Shaffir , who also makes other comedy shows . It airs on American cable television network Comedy Central , and had its premiere on January 22 , 2015 . Episodes focus on comedians telling real life experiences comedically .

neg: Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman : A Class Act is a sketch-comedy special starring actress-comedian Tracey Ullman , along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters . It originally aired on ITV ; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993 .

neg: That Mitchell and Webb Sound That Mitchell and Webb Sound is a comedy sketch show on BBC Radio 4 which started on 28 August 2003 . A second series was broadcast in 2005 with a third starting on 24 May 2007 . The series became adapted for television as That Mitchell and Webb Look in 2006 . The series is seen in some ways a follow-up to The Mitchell and Webb Situation , a sketch show shown on Play UK in 2001 . That Mitchell and Webb Sound returned to BBC Radio 4 for a fourth series in 2009 , the first episode broadcasting on 25 August 2009 . A fifth series was announced in September 2013 , and began transmission on 26 November 2013 .   The series stars David Mitchell and Robert Webb who also write a fair amount of the material . Also performing in the show are James Bachman and regular Mitchell and Webb collaborator Olivia Colman . Sarah Hadland joined the cast for the fourth series .   Apart from Mitchell and Webb , a fair proportion of the sketches are written by the other cast members and other writers . These include Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain ( the writers of Peep Show , in which Mitchell and Webb star ) , Mark Evans , David Quantick , Jonathan Dryden Taylor , Toby Davies , Simon Kane and John Finnemore . It is produced by Gareth Edwards .

neg: Scallywagga Scallywagga is a British comedy sketch show , written by Stuart Kenworthy , who has worked on Green Wing and Smack the Pony . The executive producer of series one was Kenton Allen , and the producer was Jon Montague . The pilot episode aired on 21 March 2007 when the show was known as Spacehopper . Sally Lindsey confirmed on The Paul O'Grady Show that there would be a second series which was also filmed in and around Manchester , bringing on board a new Director ( David Sant ) and new Producer ( Kristian Smith ) and several cast changes . The first series was broadcast on TV in 2008 and the DVD was released in early 2010 along with series 1 . Series 2 began broadcasting on Tuesday 23 February 2010 .

neg: Saturday Night Live (season 22) The twenty-second season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between September 28 , 1996 , and May 17 , 1997 .   This season is notable for the host selection . Seven of the 20 hosts were former cast members . They included Dana Carvey , Robert Downey , Jr. , Phil Hartman , Chris Rock , Martin Short , Chevy Chase and Mike Myers . This would mark Chase 's final time hosting before getting banned ( returning much later for numerous guest appearances ) .

neg: Saturday Night Live (season 11) The eleventh season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between November 9 , 1985 , and May 24 , 1986 .

neg: In Case of Emergency (TV series) In Case of Emergency is an American half-hour sitcom television series shown on ABC in the United States . The series follows a group of high school acquaintances whose lives have not turned out as they hoped . It premiered on January 3 , 2007 , at 9:30 pm and ended on April 11 , 2007 . The pilot episode was directed by Jon Favreau and the cast included Jonathan Silverman , David Arquette , Lori Loughlin , Kelly Hu , and Greg Germann .   ABC gave early renewal notices to several of its series on March 21 , 2007 but In Case of Emergency was not one of them .   On April 12 , 2007 , ABC announced that the show had been officially cancelled , leaving one episode unaired , which has since been broadcast internationally .

neg: Sarah Zucker Sarah Zucker is an American artist who specializes in visual art .   A particular focus of Zucker 's work is the use of short looping animations in the style of . gif files , such as cartoons of iconic figures in contemporary feminism including Rachel Maddow and Lena Dunham . Zucker collaborates with Bronwyn Lundberg in the creative studio YoMeryl . Zucker along with Lundberg were the first artists to present . gif images as art at the Brooklyn Museum . She is a member of the creative duo The Current Sea , which hosts Prism Pipe , a monthly showcase of experimental gif art .   Zucker is a writer and director whose work focuses on empowered women .

neg: Saturday Night Live (season 12) The twelfth season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 11 , 1986 , and May 23 , 1987 .


query: A mole is a structure.

pos: Mole (architecture) A mole is a massive structure , usually of stone , used as a pier , breakwater , or a causeway between places separated by water . The word comes from Middle French mole , ultimately from Latin mōlēs , meaning a large mass , especially of rock , and it has the same root as molecule . A mole may have a wooden structure built on top of it that resembles a wooden pier . The defining feature of a mole , however , is that water can not freely flow underneath it , unlike a true pier . The oldest known mole is at Wadi al-Jarf , an ancient Egyptian harbor complex on the Red Sea .

neg: Cell structure Cell structure may refer to :  Cell ( biology ) #Anatomy  An organelle , or the layout of organelles of the biological cell itself  The structure of a covert cell , often involved in underground resistance , organised crime , terrorism or any group requiring stealth in its operations  In mathematics , the structure of a cell complex

neg: Creature of statute A creature of statute ( also known as creature of the state ) is a legal entity , such as a corporation , created by statute . Creatures of statute may include municipalities and other artificial legal entities or relationships . Thus , when a statute in some fashion requires the formation of a corporate body -- often for governmental purposes -- such bodies when formed are known as `` creatures of statute . '' The same concept is also expressed with the phrase `` creature of the state . ''   The term `` creature of statute '' is most common to the United States . In the United Kingdom , these bodies are simply called statutory corporations ( or statutory bodies ) and generally have some governmental function . The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority is an example . In a wider sense , most companies in the UK are created under statute since the Companies Act 1985 specifies how a company may be created by a member of the public , but these companies are not called ` statutory corporations ' . Often , in American legal and business documents that speak of governing bodies ( e.g. , a board that governs small businesses in China ) these bodies are described as `` creatures of statute '' to inform readers of their origins and format although the national governments that created them may not term them as creatures of statute . Australia also uses the term `` creature of statute '' to describe some governmental bodies .   The importance of a corporate body , regardless of its exact function , when such a body is a creature of statute is that its active functions can only be within the scope detailed by the statute which created that corporation . Thereby , the creature of statute is the tangible manifestation of the functions or work described by a given statute . The jurisdiction of a body that is a creature of statute is also therefore limited to the functional scope written into the laws that created that body . Unlike most ( private ) corporate bodies , creatures of statute can not expand their business interests into other diverse areas .

neg: Mole hole A mole hole , officially designated the Readiness Crew Building ( RCB ) , is a type of structure built by the United States Air Force at former Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) bases around the country during the 1950s and 1960s . RCBs were located adjacent to an Alert Ramp , also called a `` Christmas Tree '' , where Ready Alert aircraft were parked . These aircraft were initially Boeing B-47 Stratojet aircraft armed with nuclear weapons , augmented by Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter aerial refueling aircraft . As SAC introduced newer bomber and aerial tanker aircraft into its inventory , the B-47 and KC-97 were later superseded by Boeing B-52 Stratofortress , Convair B-58 Hustler , General Dynamics FB-111 or Rockwell B-1 Lancer bombers , augmented by Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker or McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender aerial refueling aircraft .

neg: Clitoris The clitoris ( -LSB- klᵻˈtɔːrᵻs -RSB- ) is a female sex organ present in mammals , ostriches and a limited number of other animals . In humans , the visible button-like portion is near the front junction of the labia minora ( inner lips ) , above the opening of the urethra . Unlike the penis , the male homologue ( equivalent ) to the clitoris , it usually does not contain the distal portion ( or opening ) of the urethra and is therefore not used for urination . While few animals urinate through the clitoris , the spotted hyena , which has an especially well-developed clitoris , urinates , mates and gives birth via the organ . Some other mammals , such as lemurs and spider monkeys , also have a well-developed clitoris .   The clitoris is the human female 's most sensitive erogenous zone and generally the primary anatomical source of human female sexual pleasure . In humans and other mammals , it develops from an outgrowth in the embryo called the genital tubercle . Initially undifferentiated , the tubercle develops into either a penis or a clitoris , depending on the presence or absence of the protein tdf , which is codified by a single gene on the Y chromosome . The clitoris is a complex structure , and its size and sensitivity can vary . The glans ( head ) of the human clitoris is roughly the size and shape of a pea , and is estimated to have more than 8,000 sensory nerve endings .   Extensive sociological , sexological and medical debate have focused on the clitoris , primarily concerning anatomical accuracy , orgasmic factors and their physiological explanation for the G-spot , and whether the clitoris is vestigial , an adaptation , or serves a reproductive function . Social perceptions of the clitoris range from the significance of its role in female sexual pleasure , assumptions about its true size and depth , and varying beliefs regarding genital modification such as clitoris enlargement , clitoris piercing and clitoridectomy ; genital modification may be for aesthetic , medical or cultural reasons .   Knowledge of the clitoris is significantly impacted by cultural perceptions of the organ . Studies suggest that knowledge of its existence and anatomy is scant in comparison with that of other sexual organs , and that more education about it could help alleviate social stigmas associated with the female body and female sexual pleasure ; for example , that the clitoris and vulva in general are visually unappealing , that female masturbation is taboo , or that men should be expected to master and control women 's orgasms .

neg: Sciuromorpha The term Sciuromorpha has referred to numerous groups of rodents , but the only family common to all variations is the Sciuridae , the squirrels . Most definitions also include the mountain beaver .   Traditionally , the term has been defined on the basis of the shape of the infraorbital canal . A sciuromorphous zygomasseteric system is characterized by attachment of the lateral masseter muscle along the side of the rostrum . Unlike hystricomorphous and myomorphous rodents , the medial masseter muscle does not pass through the infraorbital canal . Among extant rodents , only the families Sciuridae , Castoridae , Heteromyidae , and Geomyidae are truly sciuromorphous . Some authorities would exclude the Geomyidae and Heteromyidae from that list due to the attachment of the medial masseter directly behind the zygomatic arch .   Carleton and Musser ( 2005 ) redefined the rodent suborders on morphological and molecular grounds . They defined the Sciuromorpha as including three families , Sciuridae , Aplodontiidae , and Gliridae . Of these , only the Sciuridae are truly sciuromorphous . The Aplodontiidae are protrogomorphous and the Gliridae are myomorphous . The connection between Aplodontiidae and Sciuridae has been proposed numerous times in the past . The two families have been united into a common infraorder ( Sciurida ) or superfamily ( Sciuroidea ) . It has long been suggested that dormice ( Gliridae ) are not particularly related to the Myomorpha , and their zygomasseteric structure has been termed `` pseudomyomorphy '' . The connection between squirrels and dormice has been almost exclusively suggested through genetic studies , and to a lesser degree via the fossil rodent Reithroparamys .

neg: Backbone chain In polymer science , the backbone chain of a polymer is the longest series of covalently bonded atoms that together create the continuous chain of the molecule . This science is subdivided into the study of organic polymers , which consist of a carbon backbone , and inorganic polymers which have backbones containing only main group elements .   In biochemistry , organic backbone chains make up the primary structure of macromolecules . The backbones of these biological macromolecules consist of central chains of covalently bonded atoms . The characteristics and order of the monomer residues in the backbone make a map for the complex structure biological polymers . The backbone is , therefore , directly related to biological molecules ' function . The macromolecules within the body can be divided into four main subcategories , each of which are involved in very different and important biological processes : Proteins , Carbohydrates , Lipids , and Nucleic acids . Each of these molecules has a different backbone and consists of different monomers each with distinctive residues and functionalities . This is the driving factor of their different structures and functions in the body . Although lipids have a `` backbone , '' they are not true biological polymers as their backbone is a three carbon molecule , glycerol , with longer substituent `` side chains . '' For this reason , only proteins , carbohydrates , and nucleic acids should be considered as biological macromolecules with polymeric backbones .

neg: La Môle La Môle is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France .

neg: Fences and pickets model of plasma membrane structure The Fences and pickets model of plasma membrane is a concept of cell membrane structure suggesting that the fluid plasma membrane is compartmentalized by actin-based  membrane-skeleton `` fences '' and anchored transmembrane protein `` pickets '' . This model differs from older cell membrane structure concepts such as the Singer-Nicolson fluid mosaic model and the Saffman-Delbrück two-dimensional continuum fluid model that view the membrane as more or less homogeneous . The fences and pickets model was proposed to explain observations of molecular traffic made due to recent advances in single molecule tracking techniques .

neg: Minimal mappings Minimal mappings are the result of an advanced technique of semantic matching , a technique used in computer science to identify information which is semantically related .   Semantic matching has been proposed as a valid solution to the semantic heterogeneity problem , namely , supporting diversity in knowledge . Given any two graph-like structures , e.g. classifications , databases , or XML schemas and ontologies , matching is an operator which identifies those nodes in the two structures that semantically correspond to one another . For example , applied to file systems , it can identify that a folder labeled `` car '' is semantically equivalent to another folder `` automobile '' because they are synonyms in English .   The proposed technique works on lightweight ontologies , namely , tree structures where each node is labeled by a natural language sentence , for example in English . These sentences are translated into a formal logical formula ( according to an unambiguous , artificial language ) . The formula codifies the meaning of the node , accounting for its position in the graph . For example , in case the folder `` car '' is under another folder `` red '' we can say that the meaning of the folder `` car '' is `` red car '' in this case . This is translated into the logical formula `` red AND car '' .   The output of matching is a mapping , namely a set of semantic correspondences between the two graphs . Each mapping element is attached with a semantic relation , for example equivalence . Among all possible mappings , the minimal mapping is such that all other mapping elements can be computed from the minimal set in an amount of time proportional to the size of the input graphs ( linear time ) and none of the elements in the minimal set can be dropped without preventing such a computation .   The main advantage of minimal mappings is that they minimize the number of nodes for subsequent processing . Notice that this is a rather important feature because the number of possible mappings can reach n × m with n and m the size of the two input ontologies . In particular , minimal mappings become crucial with large ontologies , e.g. DMOZ , where even relatively small ( non-minimal ) subsets of the number of possible mapping elements , potentially millions of them , are unmanageable .   Minimal mappings provide usability advantages . Many systems and corresponding interfaces , mostly graphical , have been provided for the management of mappings but all of them scale poorly with the number of nodes . Visualizations of large graphs are rather messy . Maintenance of smaller mappings is much easier , faster and less error prone .

neg: Chemical bond A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds . The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between atoms with opposite charges , or through the sharing of electrons as in the covalent bonds . The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably ; there are `` strong bonds '' or `` primary bond '' such as metallic , covalent or ionic bonds and `` weak bonds '' or `` secondary bond '' such as Dipole-dipole interaction , the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding .   Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force , the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other . An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them , and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position . This attraction constitutes the chemical bond . Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass , they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei , and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei in a bond relatively far apart , as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves .   In general , strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms . The atoms in molecules , crystals , metals and diatomic gases -- indeed most of the physical environment around us -- are held together by chemical bonds , which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter .   All bonds can be explained by quantum theory , but , in practice , simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength , directionality , and polarity of bonds . The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples . More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance , and molecular orbital theory which includes linear combination of atomic orbitals and ligand field theory . Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances .

neg: Circuit topology The circuit topology of a linear polymer refers to arrangement of its intra-molecular contacts . Examples of linear polymers with intra-molecular contacts are nucleic acids and proteins . For defining the circuit topology , contacts are defined depending on the context . For proteins with disulfide bonds , these bonds could be considered as contacts . In a context where beta-beta interactions in proteins are more relevant , these interactions are used to define the circuit topology . As such , circuit topology framework can be applied to a wide range of applications including protein folding and analysis of genome architecture .   For a chain with two binary contacts , three arrangements are available : parallel , series and crossed . For a chain with n contacts , the topology can be described by an n by n matrix in which each element illustrates the relation between a pair of contacts and may take one of the three states , P , S and X.  Multi-valent intra chain interactions can often be structurally decomposed into binary interactions and then be subjected to similar analysis .   Circuit topology has implications for folding kinetics and molecular evolution . Circuit topology along with contact order and size are determinants of folding rate of linear polymers . The topology of the cellular proteome and natural RNA reflect evolutionary constraints on biomolecular structures . Topology landscape of biomolecules can be characterized and evolution of molecules can be studied as transition pathways within the landscape .

neg: Topoisomer Topoisomers or topological isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and stereochemical bond connectivities but different topologies . Examples of molecules for which there exist topoisomers include DNA , which can form knots , and catenanes . Each topoisomer of a given DNA molecule possesses a different linking number associated with it . DNA topoisomers can be interchanged by enzymes called topoisomerases . Using a topoisomerase along with an intercalator , topoisomers with different linking number may be separated on an agarose gel via gel electrophoresis .

neg: Molecular modelling Molecular modelling encompasses all methods , theoretical and computational , used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules . The methods are used in the fields of computational chemistry , drug design , computational biology and materials science to study molecular systems ranging from small chemical systems to large biological molecules and material assemblies . The simplest calculations can be performed by hand , but inevitably computers are required to perform molecular modelling of any reasonably sized system . The common feature of molecular modelling methods is the atomistic level description of the molecular systems . This may include treating atoms as the smallest individual unit ( a molecular mechanics approach ) , or explicitly modelling electrons of each atom ( a quantum chemistry approach ) .

neg: Raman microscope The Raman microscope is a laser-based microscopic device used to perform Raman spectroscopy . The term MOLE ( molecular optics laser examiner ) is used to refer to the Raman-based microprobe . The technique used is named after C. V. Raman who discovered the scattering properties in liquids .

neg: Monad (functional programming) In functional programming , a monad is a structure that defines how functions , actions , inputs , and outputs are used together to build a computer program . Monads can be seen as a functional design pattern to build generic types , with the following organization :  Define a data type , and how values of that datatype are combined .  Create functions that use the data type , and compose them together into actions , following the rules defined in the first step .  A monad may encapsulate values of a particular data type , creating a new type associated with a specific computation . For example , the simple Maybe monad encapsulates variables which may have a null value , representing an option type , and automatically ensures that null values are not passed as arguments to functions that can not handle them . Another example is the List monad , where the empty list is a constant value of type List , and the cons operator binds a plain value as the head of a previous list .   The monad represents computations with a sequential structure : a monad defines what it means to chain operations together . This enables the programmer to build pipelines that process data in a series of steps ( i.e. a series of actions applied to the data ) , in which each action is decorated with the additional processing rules provided by the monad . A monad is defined by a return operator that creates values , and a bind operator used to link the actions in the pipeline ; this definition must follow a set of axioms called monad laws , which are needed for the composition of actions in the pipeline to work properly .   Monads allow a programming style where programs are written by putting together highly composable parts , combining in flexible ways the possible actions that can work on a particular type of data . As such , monads have been described as `` programmable semicolons '' ; a semicolon is the operator used to chain together individual statements in many imperative programming languages , thus the expression implies that extra code will be executed between the actions in the pipeline . Monads have also been explained with a physical metaphor as assembly lines , where a conveyor belt transports data between functional units that transform it one step at a time .   Purely functional programs can use monads to structure procedures that include sequenced operations like those found in structured programming . Many common programming concepts can be described in terms of a monad structure without losing the beneficial property of referential transparency , including side effects such as input/output , variable assignment , exception handling , parsing , nondeterminism , concurrency , continuations , or domain-specific languages . This allows these concepts to be defined in a purely functional manner , without major extensions to the language 's semantics . Languages like Haskell provide monads in the standard core , allowing programmers to reuse large parts of their formal definition and apply in many different libraries the same interfaces for combining functions .   The name and concept comes from category theory , where monads are one particular kind of functor , a mapping between categories . In functional programming contexts , thanks to the specifics of the category used , the term monad denotes what is known as strong monad in category theory .

neg: Protein complex A protein complex or multiprotein complex is a group of two or more associated polypeptide chains . Different polypeptide chains may have different functions . This is distinct from a multienzyme complex , in which multiple catalytic domains are found in a single polypeptide chain .   Protein complexes are a form of quaternary structure . Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non-covalent protein -- protein interactions , and different protein complexes have different degrees of stability over time . These complexes are a cornerstone of many ( if not most ) biological processes and together they form various types of molecular machinery that perform a vast array of biological functions . The cell is seen to be composed of modular supramolecular complexes , each of which performs an independent , discrete biological function .   Through proximity , the speed and selectivity of binding interactions between enzymatic complex and substrates can be vastly improved , leading to higher cellular efficiency . Unfortunately , many of the techniques used to break open cells and isolate proteins are inherently disruptive to such large complexes , so it is often difficult to determine the components of a complex . Examples of protein complexes include the proteasome for molecular degradation and most RNA polymerases . In stable complexes , large hydrophobic interfaces between proteins typically bury surface areas larger than 2500 square Ås .

neg: Animat Animat ( third-person indicative present of the Latin verb animō ) , meaning to `` animate , give or bring life '' .   Animats are artificial animals , a contraction of animal-materials . The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations . Animat research , a subset of Artificial Life studies , has become rather popular since Rodney Brooks ' seminal paper `` Intelligence without representation '' . The word was coined by S.W. Wilson in 1985 ,  in `` Knowledge growth in an artificial animal '' , published in the first Proceedings  of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications .   An example using the Animat model as proposed by Wilson is discussed at some length in chapter 9 of Stan Franklin 's book , Artificial Minds . In this implementation , the animat is capable of independent learning about its environment through application and evolution of pattern-matching rules called `` taxons '' .   In 2001 Thomas DeMarse performed studies on ` Neurally controlled animat ' . Every two years , the Society of Adaptive Behaviour meets and produces a proceedings on this topic . They also have a journal , Adaptive Behavior .   Alan H Goldstein has proposed that , because nanobiotechnology is in the process of creating real animal-materials , speculative use of this term should be discouraged and its application become purely phenomenological . Based on the Animat Test ( contained in the reference `` I , Nanobot . '' ) any nonbiological material or entity that exhibits the minimum set of behaviors that define a life form is , de facto , an Animat . Goldstein 's basic premise is that in the age of nanobiotechnology it is necessary to follow the chemistry and molecular engineering rather than watching for the emergence of some pre-conceived minimum level of ` intelligence ' such as an artificial neural network capable of adaptive phenomena . Goldstein has cautioned that there is a serious disconnect between the fields of nanobiotechnology and A-life based on profound differences in scientific training , experimental systems , and the different sets of terminology ( jargon ) these two fields have produced . Nanobiotechnologists ( really molecular engineers who work with both biological and nonbiological molecules ) are generally not concerned with complex systems per se ; even when they are building molecular interconnects between such systems , e.g. neuroelectronic splices . A-Life researchers mainly take a systems-level approach . The enormous transformative power of novel molecular engineering has the potential to create Animats , true nonbiological life forms , whose relatively simple behavior would not fit into most standard A-Life paradigms . As a result , Goldstein argues , the first Animats may come into being completely unrecognized by either scientific community .

neg: Mass structure Mass structure is a structure , natural or manufactured , that is made by piling up of materials .   Examples of mass structures include :  Pyramids  Snow igloos  Beaver dams

neg: Metal-organic framework Metal-organic frameworks ( MOFs ) are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one - , two - , or three-dimensional structures . They are a subclass of coordination polymers , with the special feature that they are often porous . The organic ligands included are sometimes referred to as `` struts '' , one example being 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid ( BDC ) .   More formally , a metal -- organic framework is a coordination network with organic ligands containing potential voids . A coordination network is a coordination compound extending , through repeating coordination entities , in one dimension , but with cross-links between two or more individual chains , loops , or spiro-links , or a coordination compound extending through repeating coordination entities in two or three dimensions ; and finally a coordination polymer is a coordination compound with repeating coordination entities extending in one , two , or three dimensions .   In some cases , the pores are stable during elimination of the guest molecules ( often solvents ) and could be refilled with other compounds . Because of this property , MOFs are of interest for the storage of gases such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide . Other possible applications of MOFs are in gas purification , in gas separation , in catalysis , as sensors and as supercapacitors .

neg: Pé-de-moleque Pé de moleque ( -LSB- ˈpɛ dʒi muˈlɛki -RSB- ) ( literally `` boy 's foot '' in Portuguese ) is a traditional candy from the Brazilian cuisine made of peanuts and jaggery or molasses . The origin of its name lies in the fact that most paved streets of colonial Brazil were made by laying down various odd rocks in a loose layer of sand , and having street children stomp on them to flatten the surface . While cobblestone streets are called rua de paralelepípedos and unpaved streets rua de barro ( literally , `` clay street '' ) , those made by the method described above came to be named pé de moleque . Since the appearance of the peanuts stuck together by molasses was found to be similar to that of these type of street , the candy took the same name .   The candy is prepared by mixing roasted , peeled peanuts with melted brown sugar or rapadura , with or without the addition of macerated peanuts as well . The mixture is gently stirred over low heat until it gets close to crystallizing . Then the mixture is placed on a plain stone or metal surface ( preferably thinly oiled with butter to ease removal ) in pieces similar in size to cookies . This traditional preparation results in soft , irregularly-shaped sweets of a dark brown color . Softness results from the incorporation of peanut oil .   Besides the traditional process , this candy is also produced industrially , by mixing melted sugar with peanuts and then pouring the mix into square molds , resulting in hard bars of a lighter color.This variety is also called chikki in India .