query: A subclass of anti-nuclear antibodies are anti-histone antibodies.

pos: Anti-nuclear antibody Antinuclear antibodies ( ANAs , also known as antinuclear factor or ANF ) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus . In normal individuals , the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins ( antigens ) but not to human proteins ( autoantigens ) . In some individuals , antibodies to human antigens are produced .   There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies , anti-La antibodies , anti-Sm antibodies , anti-nRNP antibodies , anti-Scl-70 antibodies , anti-dsDNA antibodies , anti-histone antibodies , antibodies to nuclear pore complexes , anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies . Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus . They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity , cancer and infection , with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition . This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders , including systemic lupus erythematosus , Sjögren 's syndrome , scleroderma , mixed connective tissue disease , polymyositis , dermatomyositis , autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus .   The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual 's blood serum . The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . In immunofluorescence , the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre . This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable . Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant . Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20 % of the healthy population , especially the elderly . Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders , they are also found in 5 % of healthy individuals . Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease . A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present .

neg: FOXA1 Forkhead box protein A1 ( FOXA1 ) , also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-alpha ( HNF-3A ) , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXA1 gene .

neg: Netter's Essential Histology Netter 's Essential Histology is a textbook/atlas of human histology authored by William K. Ovalle and Patrick C. Nahirney . Drawings by medical illustrator , Frank H. Netter , with contributing artwork by James A. Perkins , Joe Chovan , John A. Craig , and Carlos A.G. Machado , are in the book . First published in English in 2008 by Elsevier / Saunders , a 2nd edition was released in 2013 . Subsequent editions in Portuguese , Korean , Greek , Turkish , and Italian have also been printed . The first Southeast Asia edition was released in English in 2015 .   Directed to today 's problem-based , integrated curricula in medicine and dentistry , it is also intended for allied health care professionals , clinical residents , teachers , and researchers . A pictorial guide that highlights relevant microscopic and functional features of cells , tissues and organs of the body , the book has been recognized as `` concisely written text with emphasis on concepts and not on details , supported by illustrations as well as light and electron micrographs '' .   Book contents can be accessed online ; its resources include an image and virtual slide library with 20 high-resolution digitized light microscopic slides , 225 ` zoomifiable ' electron micrographs , and short narrated video overviews of each of 20 chapters .   A separate , updated set of Netter 's Histology Flashcards ( by the same authors ) is in its 2nd edition . These more than 200 visual aids help in recognition and interpretation of microscopic sections at a glance , and also reinforce clinical relevance .

neg: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ( or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia ; AIHA ) occurs when antibodies directed against the person 's own red blood cells ( RBCs ) cause them to burst ( lyse ) , leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in the circulation . The lifetime of the RBCs is reduced from the normal 100 -- 120 days to just a few days in serious cases . The intracellular components of the RBCs are released into the circulating blood and into tissues , leading to some of the characteristic symptoms of this condition . The antibodies are usually directed against high-incidence antigens , therefore they also commonly act on allogenic RBCs ( RBCs originating from outside the person themselves , e.g. in the case of a blood transfusion ) . AIHA is a relatively rare condition , affecting one to three people per 100,000 per year .   The terminology used in this disease is somewhat ambiguous . Although MeSH uses the term `` autoimmune hemolytic anemia '' , some sources prefer the term `` immunohemolytic anemia '' so drug reactions can be included in this category . The National Cancer Institute considers `` immunohemolytic anemia '' , `` autoimmune hemolytic anemia '' , and `` immune complex hemolytic anemia '' to all be synonyms .

neg: Nuclear DNA Nuclear DNA , or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ( nDNA ) , is the DNA contained within the nucleus of a eukaryotic organism . Nuclear DNA encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes , with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest . Nuclear DNA adheres to Mendelian inheritance , with information coming from two parents , one male and one female , rather than matrilineally , as in mitochondrial DNA .

neg: Liver cancer Liver cancer , also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer , is cancer that starts in the liver . Cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver , known as liver metastasis , is more common than that which starts in the liver . Symptoms of liver cancer may include a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage , swelling of the abdomen , yellowish skin , easy bruising , weight loss , and weakness .   The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B , hepatitis C , or alcohol . Other causes include aflatoxin , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease , and liver flukes . The most common types are hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) , which makes up 80 % of cases , and cholangiocarcinoma . Less common types include mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary biliary neoplasm . The diagnosis may be supported by blood tests and medical imaging with confirmation by tissue biopsy .   Preventive efforts include immunization against hepatitis B and treating those infected with hepatitis B or C. Screening is recommended in those with chronic liver disease . Treatment options may include surgery , targeted therapy , and radiation therapy . In certain cases ablation therapy , embolization therapy , or liver transplantation may be used . Small lumps in the liver may be simply closely followed .   Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth most frequent cancer ( 6 % ) and the second leading cause of death from cancer ( 9 % ) . In 2012 it occurred in 782,000 people and in 2015 resulted in 810,500 deaths . In 2015 , 263,000 deaths from liver cancer were due to hepatitis B , 167,000 to hepatitis C , and 245,000 to alcohol . Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common , including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa . Males are more often affected with HCC than females . Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old . Five-year survival rates are 18 % in the United States . The word `` hepatic '' is from the Greek hêpar , meaning `` liver . ''

neg: Nuclear chain cell A nuclear chain cell is a type of cell that is found in the human body .

neg: Inverse polymerase chain reaction Inverse polymerase chain reaction ( Inverse PCR ) is a variant of the polymerase chain reaction that is used to amplify DNA with only one known sequence . One limitation of conventional PCR is that it requires primers complementary to both termini of the target DNA , but this method allows PCR to be carried out even if only one sequence is available from which primers may be designed .   Inverse PCR is especially useful for the determination of insert locations . For example , various retroviruses and transposons randomly integrate into genomic DNA . To identify the sites where they have entered , the known , `` internal '' viral or transposon sequences can be used to design primers that will amplify a small portion of the flanking , `` external '' genomic DNA . The amplified product can then be sequenced and compared with DNA databases to locate the sequence which has been disrupted .   The inverse PCR method involves a series of restriction digests and ligation , resulting in a looped fragment that can be primed for PCR from a single section of known sequence . Then , like other polymerase chain reaction processes , the DNA is amplified by the temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase :   A target region with an internal section of known sequence and unknown flanking regions is identified  Genomic DNA is digested into fragments of a few kilobases by a usually low-moderate frequency ( 6-8 base ) cutting restriction enzyme .  Under low DNA concentrations , self-ligation is induced to give a circular DNA product .  PCR is carried out as usual , with primers complementary to sections of the known internal sequence . *   Finally the sequence is compared with the sequence available in the data base .   Note : although the figure suggests that the circularized ligation product is digested prior to PCR , this is not the case . PCR does not require linear products and the use of another restriction enzyme to cut the known sequence could also cut within the unknown region , resulting in a failed PCR .

neg: Nuclear equivalence According to the principle of nuclear equivalence , the nuclei of essentially all differentiated adult cells of an individual are genetically ( though not necessarily metabolically ) identical to one another and to the nucleus of the zygote from which they descended . This means that virtually all somatic cells in an adult have the same genes . However , different cells express different subsets of these genes .   The evidence for nuclear equivalence comes from cases in which differentiated cells or their nuclei have been found to retain the potential of directing the development of the entire organism . Such cells or nuclei are said to exhibit totipotency .

neg: Melanocytic nevus A melanocytic nevus ( also known as `` nevocytic nevus '' or `` nevus-cell nevus '' ) is a type of lesion that contains nevus cells ( a type of melanocyte ) . Some sources equate the term mole with `` melanocytic nevus '' . Other sources reserve the term `` mole '' for other purposes .   The majority of moles appear during the first two decades of a person 's life , with about one in every 100 babies being born with moles . Acquired moles are a form of benign neoplasm , while congenital moles , or congenital nevi , are considered a minor malformation or hamartoma and may be at a higher risk for melanoma . A mole can be either subdermal ( under the skin ) or a pigmented growth on the skin , formed mostly of a type of cell known as a melanocyte . The high concentration of the body 's pigmenting agent , melanin , is responsible for their dark color . Moles are a member of the family of skin lesions known as nevi .

neg: Anti-gliadin antibodies Anti-gliadin antibodies are produced in response to gliadin , a prolamin found in wheat . In bread wheat it is encoded by three different alleles , AA , BB , and DD . These alleles can produce slightly different gliadins , which can cause the body to produce different antibodies . Some of these antibodies can detect proteins in specific grass taxa such as Triticeae ( Triticeae glutens ) , while others react sporadically with certain species in those taxa , or over many taxonomically defined grass tribes .

neg: Nucleon In chemistry and physics , nucleons are the proton and the neutron , which are the constituents of the atomic nucleus , and are themselves composed of down and up quarks . The number of nucleons defines an isotope 's mass number ( nucleon number ) . The atom is made up of a nucleus surrounded by electrons .   Until the 1960s , nucleons were thought to be elementary particles , not made up of smaller parts . Now they are known to be composite particles , made of three quarks bound together by the so-called strong interaction . The interaction between two or more nucleons is called internucleon interactions or nuclear force , which is also ultimately caused by the strong interaction . ( Before the discovery of quarks , the term `` strong interaction '' referred to just internucleon interactions . )   Nucleons sit at the boundary where particle physics and nuclear physics overlap . Particle physics , particularly quantum chromodynamics , provides the fundamental equations that explain the properties of quarks and of the strong interaction . These equations explain quantitatively how quarks can bind together into protons and neutrons ( and all the other hadrons ) . However , when multiple nucleons are assembled into an atomic nucleus ( nuclide ) , these fundamental equations become too difficult to solve directly ( see lattice QCD ) . Instead , nuclides are studied within nuclear physics , which studies nucleons and their interactions by approximations and models , such as the nuclear shell model . These models can successfully explain nuclide properties , for example , whether or not a certain nuclide undergoes radioactive decay .   The proton and neutron are both baryons and both fermions . One carries a positive net charge and the other carries a zero net charge ; the proton 's mass is only 0.1 % less than the neutron 's . Thus , they can be viewed as two states of the same nucleon , and together form an isospin doublet . In isospin space , neutrons can be transformed into protons via SU ( 2 ) symmetries , and vice versa . These nucleons are acted upon equally by the strong interaction , which is invariant under rotation in isospin space . According to the Noether theorem , isospin is conserved with respect to the strong interaction .

neg: Nick translation Nick translation ( or head translation ) , developed in 1977 by Rigby and Paul Berg , is a tagging technique in molecular biology in which DNA Polymerase I is used to replace some of the nucleotides of a DNA sequence with their labeled analogues , creating a tagged DNA sequence which can be used as a probe in fluorescent in situ hybridization or blotting techniques . It can also be used for radiolabeling .   This process is called nick translation because the DNA to be processed is treated with DNase to produce single-stranded `` nicks '' . This is followed by replacement in nicked sites by DNA polymerase I , which elongates the 3 ' hydroxyl terminus , removing nucleotides by 5 ' -3 ' exonuclease activity , replacing them with dNTPs . To radioactively label a DNA fragment for use as a probe in blotting procedures , one of the incorporated nucleotides provided in the reaction is radiolabeled in the alpha phosphate position . Similarly , a fluorophore can be attached instead for fluorescent labelling , or an antigen for immunodetection . When DNA polymerase I eventually detaches from the DNA , it leaves another nick in the phosphate backbone . The nick has `` translated '' some distance depending on the processivity of the polymerase . This nick could be sealed by DNA ligase , or its 3 ' hydroxyl group could serve as the template for further DNA polymerase I activity . Proprietary enzyme mixes are available commercially to perform all steps in the procedure in a single incubation .   Nick translation could cause double-stranded DNA breaks , if DNA polymerase I encounters another nick on the opposite strand , resulting in two shorter fragments . This does not influence the performance of the labelled probe in in-situ hybridization .

neg: Anti-nuclear groups in the United States More than eighty anti-nuclear groups are operating , or have operated , in the United States . These include : Abalone Alliance , Clamshell Alliance , Greenpeace USA , Institute for Energy and Environmental Research , Musicians United for Safe Energy , Nevada Desert Experience , Nuclear Control Institute , Nuclear Information and Resource Service , Public Citizen Energy Program , Shad Alliance , and the Sierra Club . These are direct action , environmental , health , and public interest organizations who oppose nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power . In 1992 , the chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said that `` his agency had been pushed in the right direction on safety issues because of the pleas and protests of nuclear watchdog groups '' .   Some of the most influential groups in the anti-nuclear movement have had members who included Nobel Laureates ( e.g. , Linus Pauling and Hermann Joseph Muller ) . These scientists have belonged primarily to two groups : the Federation of American Scientists , and the Committee for Nuclear Responsibility .

neg: Supravital staining Supravital staining is a method of staining used in microscopy to examine living cells that have been removed from an organism . It differs from intravital staining , which is done by injecting or otherwise introducing the stain into the body . Thus a supravital stain may have a greater toxicity , as only a few cells need to survive it a short while . The term `` vital stain '' is used by some authors to refer specifically to an intravital stain , and by others interchangeably with a supravital stain , the core concept being that the cell being examined is still alive . As the cells are alive and unfixed , outside the body , supravital stains are temporary in nature .   The most common supravital stain is performed on reticulocytes using new methylene blue or brilliant cresyl blue , which makes it possible to see the reticulofilamentous pattern of ribosomes characteristically precipitated in these live immature red blood cells by the supravital stains . By counting the number of such cells the rate of red blood cell formation can be determined , providing an insight into bone marrow activity and anemia . This is in contrast to vital staining , when the dye employed is one that is excluded from the living cells so that only dead cells are stained positively . ( Vital stains include dyes like trypan blue and propidium iodide , which are either too bulky or too charged to cross the cell membrane , or which are actively rapidly pumped out by live cells . )   Supravital staining can be combined with cell surface antibody staining ( immunofluorescence ) for applications such as FACS analysis . Immunofluorescence can also be done within the interior of live cells by reversible cell permeabilization using the detergent Triton X-100 . Adjusted carefully to the appropriate concentration for the number of cells , the pretreatment can permit access of molecules between 1 and 150 kilodaltons to the interior of the cell . Although antibodies may be used in a similar way in this context , the term `` supravital stain '' is typically reserved for smaller chemicals which possess suitable properties intrinsically .

neg: Cytotoxic T cell A cytotoxic T cell ( also known as TC , cytotoxic T lymphocyte , CTL , T-killer cell , cytolytic T cell , CD8 + T-cell or killer T cell ) is a T lymphocyte ( a type of white blood cell ) that kills cancer cells , cells that are infected ( particularly with viruses ) , or cells that are damaged in other ways .   Most cytotoxic T cells express T-cell receptors ( TCRs ) that can recognize a specific antigen . An antigen is a molecule capable of stimulating an immune response , and is often produced by cancer cells or viruses . Antigens inside a cell are bound to class I MHC molecules , and brought to the surface of the cell by the class I MHC molecule , where they can be recognized by the T cell . If the TCR is specific for that antigen , it binds to the complex of the class I MHC molecule and the antigen , and the T cell destroys the cell .   In order for the TCR to bind to the class I MHC molecule , the former must be accompanied by a glycoprotein called CD8 , which binds to the constant portion of the class I MHC molecule . Therefore , these T cells are called CD8 + T cells .   The affinity between CD8 and the MHC molecule keeps the TC cell and the target cell bound closely together during antigen-specific activation . CD8 + T cells are recognized as TC cells once they become activated and are generally classified as having a pre-defined cytotoxic role within the immune system . However , CD8 + T cells also have the ability to make some cytokines .

neg: MHC class II MHC class II molecules are a class of major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) molecules normally found only on antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells , mononuclear phagocytes , some endothelial cells , thymic epithelial cells , and B cells . These cells are important in initiating immune responses .   The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins ( not cytosolic as in MHC class I ) .   Loading of a MHC class II molecule occurs by phagocytosis ; extracellular proteins are endocytosed , digested in lysosomes , and the resulting epitopic peptide fragments are loaded onto MHC class II molecules prior to their migration to the cell surface .   In humans , the HLAs corresponding to MHC class II are HLA-DP , HLA-DM , HLA-DOA , HLA-DOB , HLA-DQ , and HLA-DR .

neg: Histone Database The Histone Database is a comprehensive database of histone protein sequences including histone variants , classified by histone types and variants , maintained by National Center for Biotechnology Information . The creation of the Histone Database was stimulated by the X-ray analysis of the structure of the nucleosomal core histone octamer followed by the application of a novel motif searching method to a group of proteins containing the histone fold motif in the early-mid-1990 . The first version of the Histone Database was released in 1995 and several updates have been released since then .  Current version of the Histone Database - HistoneDB 2.0 - with variants - includes sequence and structural annotations for all five histone types ( H3 , H4 , H2A , H2B , H1 ) and major histone variants within each histone type . It has many interactive tools to explore and compare sequences of different histone variants from various organisms . The core of the database is a manually curated set of histone sequences grouped into 30 different variant subsets with variant-specific annotations . The curated set is supplemented by an automatically extracted set of histone sequences from the non-redundant protein database using algorithms trained on the curated set . The interactive web site supports various searching strategies in both datasets : browsing of phylogenetic trees ; on-demand generation of multiple sequence alignments with feature annotations ; classification of histone-like sequences and browsing of the taxonomic diversity for every histone variant .

neg: H2AFJ Histone H2A.J is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFJ gene .

neg: Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies The nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic , or nonproprietary , names to monoclonal antibodies . An antibody is a protein that is produced in B cells and used by the immune system of humans and other vertebrate animals to identify a specific foreign object like a bacterium or a virus . Monoclonal antibodies are those that were produced in identical cells , often artificially , and so share the same target object . They have a wide range of applications including medical uses .   This naming scheme is used for both the World Health Organization 's International Nonproprietary Names ( INN ) and the United States Adopted Names ( USAN ) for pharmaceuticals . In general , word stems are used to identify classes of drugs , in most cases placed word-finally . All monoclonal antibody names end with the stem - mab . Unlike most other pharmaceuticals , monoclonal antibody nomenclature uses different preceding word parts ( morphemes ) depending on structure and function . These are officially called substems and sometimes erroneously infixes , even by the USAN Council itself .

neg: Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia ( also known as : `` Epithelioid hemangioma , '' `` Histiocytoid hemangioma , '' `` Inflammatory angiomatous nodule , '' `` Intravenous atypical vascular proliferation , '' `` Papular angioplasia , '' `` Inflammatory arteriovenous hemangioma , '' and `` Pseudopyogenic granuloma '' ) usually presents with pink to red-brown , dome-shaped , dermal papules or nodules of the head or neck , especially about the ears and on the scalp .   It , or a similar lesion , has been suggested as a feature of IgG4-related skin disease , which is the name used for skin manifestations of IgG4-related disease .


query: Gendry appeared in a novel.

pos: A Clash of Kings A Clash of Kings is the second novel in A Song of Ice and Fire , an epic fantasy series by American author George R. R. Martin expected to consist of seven volumes . It was first published on 16 November 1998 in the United Kingdom , although the first United States edition did not follow until March 1999 . Like its predecessor , A Game of Thrones , it won the Locus Award ( in 1999 ) for Best Novel and was nominated for the Nebula Award ( also in 1999 ) for best novel . In May 2005 Meisha Merlin released a limited edition of the novel , fully illustrated by John Howe .   The novel has been adapted for television by HBO as the second season of the TV series Game of Thrones .   A Clash of Kings is also the name of the first expansion to the Game of Thrones board game .

pos: A Game of Thrones A Game of Thrones is the first novel in A Song of Ice and Fire , a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin . It was first published on August 1 , 1996 . The novel won the 1997 Locus Award and was nominated for both the 1997 Nebula Award and the 1997 World Fantasy Award . The novella Blood of the Dragon , comprising the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel , won the 1997 Hugo Award for Best Novella . In January 2011 the novel became a New York Times bestseller and reached # 1 on the list in July 2011 .   In the novel , recounting events from various points of view , Martin introduces the plot-lines of the noble houses of Westeros , the Wall , and the Targaryens . The novel has inspired several spin-off works , including several games . It is also the basis for the first season of Game of Thrones , an HBO television series that premiered in April 2011 . A March 2013 paperback TV tie-in re-edition was also titled Game of Thrones , excluding the indefinite article `` A '' .

pos: Gendry Gendry is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones .   He first appeared in 1996 's A Game of Thrones . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) and A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2011 ) . Gendry is an apprentice blacksmith in King 's Landing and an unacknowledged bastard of King Robert Baratheon .   Gendry is portrayed by Joe Dempsie in the HBO television adaptation . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2014 .

pos: A Feast for Crows A Feast for Crows is the fourth of seven planned novels in the epic fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire by American author George R. R. Martin . The novel was first published on October 17 , 2005 , in the United Kingdom , with a United States edition following on 8 November 2005 .   In May 2005 , Martin announced that the `` sheer size '' of his still-unfinished manuscript for A Feast for Crows had led him and his publishers to split the narrative into two books . Rather than divide the text in half chronologically , Martin opted to instead split the material by character and location , resulting in `` two novels taking place simultaneously '' with different casts of characters . A Feast for Crows was published months later , and the concurrent novel A Dance with Dragons was released on July 12 , 2011 . Martin also noted that the A Song of Ice and Fire series would now likely total seven novels .   A Feast for Crows was the first novel in the series to debut at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list , a feat among fantasy writers only previously achieved by Robert Jordan and Neil Gaiman . In 2006 the novel was nominated for the Hugo Award , the Locus Award , and the British Fantasy Society Award . It has since been adapted , along with A Dance With Dragons , for television as the fifth season of Game of Thrones , though elements of the novel appeared in the series ' fourth and sixth seasons .

neg: Conan the Great Conan the Great is a fantasy novel by American writer Leonard Carpenter , featuring Robert E. Howard 's sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian . It was first published in paperback by Tor Books in April 1990 ( the 1989 date appearing on the title page verso is erroneous ) . It was reprinted by Tor in August 1997 . It is the only one of the Tor series of Conan novels set in the period of Conan 's kingship .

neg: The Tale of Chloe The Tale of Chloe , subtitled An Episode in the History of Beau Beamish , is a novel by English novelist George Meredith , first published in 1879 , and as a novel in 1890 .

neg: The Door (novel) The Door is a novel by Hungarian writer Magda Szabó . The novel concerns the developing relationship between a young Hungarian writer and her housecleaner , and is partly autobiographical .   The Door was originally published in Hungary in 1987 , and translated into English in 1995 by Stefan Draughon for American publication , and again in 2005 by Len Rix for British publication . Rix 's translation won the 2006 Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize , and was short-listed for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize . Rix 's translation was republished in 2015 by New York Review Books Classics .   A film based on the novel , directed by István Szabó , was released in March 2012 .

neg: Wicked Appetite Wicked Appetite is a 2010 novel by Janet Evanovich set in Salem , Massachusetts .   Elizabeth Tucker ( referred to as Lizzie ) is a baker at Dazzle 's Bakery , specialising in cupcakes . Lizzie has recently moved to Salem after inheriting her aunt 's house .  Diesel ( from Visions of Sugar Plums , Plum Lovin '' ' , Plum Spooky , and Plum Lucky , the `` Between The Numbers '' Stephanie Plum holiday novellas ) appears out of thin air in Dazzle 's Bakery after Lizzie has been accosted by Gerwulf Grimoire , otherwise known as Wulf ( from Plum Spooky ) .   Unbeknownst to her , Lizzie is an Unmentionable , with a special talent for finding things that Diesel needs . A Stone of Power has re-surfaced and Diesel needs to get to it before Wulf does . The Seven Stones of Power reflect each of the Seven Deadly Sins , the stone in this book dedicated to the sin of gluttony . The stones are known by the acronym SALIGIA , from the Latin names for the sins : superbia , avaritia , luxuria , invidia , gula , ira , & acedia , or pride , greed , lust , envy , gluttony , anger , & sloth .   Lizzie 's co-worker Glo , not an Unmentionable but a Questionable , tries out a number of spells with unusual results . Lizzie adopts an odd orange one-eyed cat , who possibly belonged to her deceased Aunt Ophelia , and Carl , the monkey with an attitude problem , rides along . Carl the monkey was introduced in Fearless Fourteen humping Brenda 's hair , and was featured in Plum Spooky .   A sequel , titled Wicked Business '' , was released on June 19 , 2012 .

neg: Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being .   After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know .   When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life .   Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . ''   Category : American children 's novels  Category :1991 American novels

neg: The Land of Mist The Land of Mist is a novel written by Arthur Conan Doyle in 1926 .

neg: Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books .   The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide .   In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .

neg: Comte de Gabalis Comte de Gabalis is a 17th-century French text by Abbé Nicolas-Pierre-Henri de Montfaucon de Villars ( 1635-1673 ) . The titular `` Comte de Gabalis '' ( `` Count of Cabala '' ) is an occultist who explains the mysteries of the world to the author . It first appeared in Paris in 1670 , anonymously , though the identity of the author came to be known . The original title as published by Claude Barbin was Le comte de Gabalis , ou entretiens sur les sciences secrètes , `` The Count of Cabala , Or Dialogs on the Secret Sciences '' .   The book was widely read in France and abroad , and is a source for many of the `` marvelous beings '' that populate later European literature . French readers include Charles Baudelaire and Anatole France -- it was the main source for his At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque ( 1892 ) . In English literature , it influenced Alexander Pope , who borrowed from it to create the sylphs in The Rape of the Lock ( 1714 ) , and in German , it is a likely source for Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué 's Undine . In recent times it has been considered by some to have been intended as a satire of occult philosophy , though in its time it was taken seriously by many readers . Many later authors have also taken it to be a serious source , including Edward Bulwer-Lytton and prominent occult writers such as Eliphas Levi , Helena Blavatsky , and M.P Hall .

neg: The Midnight Bell The Midnight Bell is a gothic novel by Francis Lathom . It was one of the seven `` horrid novels '' lampooned by Jane Austen in her novel Northanger Abbey .  Dear creature ! How much I am obliged to you ; and when you have finished Udolpho , we will read the Italian together ; and I have made out a list of ten or twelve more of the same kind for you .   Have you , indeed ! How glad I am ! What are they all ?   I will read you their names directly ; here they are , in my pocketbook . Castle of Wolfenbach , Clermont , Mysterious Warnings , Necromancer of the Black Forest , Midnight Bell , Orphan of the Rhine , and Horrid Mysteries . Those will last us some time .   Yes , pretty well ; but are they all horrid , are you sure they are all horrid ?   -- Northanger Abbey , ch . 6  Subtitled `` A German Story , Founded On Incidents in Real Life '' it was first published in London by H. D. Symonds in 1798 . It concerns the quest of the hero , Alphonsus Cohenburg , to regain his estates and stolen identity after his parents are murdered by his villainous uncle . The young man becomes a soldier , then a miner before marrying his true love Lauretta only to see her kidnapped by bandits . The latter third is set in the quintessentially gothic Cohenburg castle and features tales of ghostly apparitions who turn out to be diabolical Roman Catholic priests , another common gothic trope . The Midnight Bell of the title calls the villainous monks to their dark meeting place .

neg: The Railway Series The Railway Series is a set of story books about a railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor . There are 42 books in the series , the first being published in 1945 . Twenty-six were written by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry , up to 1972 . A further 16 were written by his son , Christopher Awdry ; 14 between 1983 and 1996 , and two more in 2007 and 2011 .   Nearly all of The Railway Series stories were based upon real-life events . As a lifelong railway enthusiast , Awdry was keen that his stories should be as realistic as possible . The engine characters were almost all based upon real classes of locomotive , and some of the railways themselves were directly based upon real lines in the British Isles .   Characters and stories from the books formed the basis of the children 's television series Thomas and Friends .   Audio adaptations of The Railway Series have been recorded at various times under the title The Railway Stories .

neg: Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings .   The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . ''   Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy .   Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . ''   The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque .   Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories .   The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''

neg: The Metropolis Case The Metropolis Case is the debut novel of American author Matthew Gallaway . The novel follows the interconnected lives of four characters living in different cities , all of whom have a great passion for Richard Wagner 's opera Tristan und Isolde . The New York Times said `` the book is so well written ... and filled with such memorable lead and supporting players that it quickly absorbs you into its worlds . '' In the Washington Post , Eugenia Zukerman wrote that `` Gallaway has taken a great risk ... by creating an intricate , multilayered tale that slides from past to present , from Europe to New York , from opera to pop . But despite the complexity , The Metropolis Case engages the reader emotionally on every page . ''   Rather than a conventional narrative , the novel presents alternating chapters devoted to each of the four principal characters . Three of them are opera singers . One of the four lives in the nineteenth century . Two are much younger than the others . The author slowly reveals their shared relationship to Wagner 's opera .   The novel 's title and some other details allude to Janáček 's opera The Makropulos Case .   Galloway is a graduate of New York University Law School and a native of Pittsburgh , where the novel is partially set . He began the novel in 2001 and completed it in 2007 . According to Galloway , who blogged as The Gay Recluse from 2007 to 2009 :   In 2010 , when Crown Publishing Group published the novel , Galloway was employed as a Senior Acquisitions Editor in the legal department of Oxford University Press .

neg: The Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid 's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood . Set in a near-future New England , in a totalitarian theocracy that has overthrown the United States government , the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence . The novel 's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer 's The Canterbury Tales , which comprises a series of connected stories ( `` The Merchant 's Tale '' , `` The Parson 's Tale '' , etc. ) .   The Handmaid 's Tale won the 1985 Governor General 's Award and the first Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1987 ; it was also nominated for the 1986 Nebula Award , the 1986 Booker Prize , and the 1987 Prometheus Award . The book has been adapted into a film ( 1990 ) , an opera ( 2000 ) , a TV series ( 2017 ) , and other media .

neg: Henry Reed (character) Henry Reed is the main character and narrator of a series of five children 's novels by Keith Robertson . The first four novels were illustrated by Robert McCloskey but he declined to handle the last one because production of the fourth disappointed him deeply . It was published in 1986 without any illustrations but the dustjacket by Gail Owens .   Four of the five novels share a similar premise : Henry , the son of an American diplomat , lives abroad with his parents . He spends summer vacation with his aunt and uncle in the small town of Grover 's Corner , New Jersey , in the same house where his mother grew up . ( Uncle Al is Henry 's mother 's brother . ) Henry is a serious , entrepreneurial boy , and most of the books concern his efforts to earn money by starting some kind of business . All of the novels are told as a series of Henry 's journal entries recounting his day-by-day adventures throughout the summer .   Margaret `` Midge '' Glass , a year younger than Henry , is the only person in the neighborhood close to his age . She becomes his friend and business partner throughout the series . Midge is somewhat tomboyish and more spontaneous and free-spirited than Henry , which he sometimes finds annoying . Their relationship sometimes resembles a screwball comedy minus the romance .   In all of the books , events spiral out of control , leading to chaotic and humorous misadventures . Henry and Midge are usually the unintentional cause of these adventures , although they 're not deliberately mischievous .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: Fool (novel) Fool is the eleventh novel by Christopher Moore , released on February 10 , 2009 .   The novel takes its premise from the plot of Shakespeare 's play King Lear , narrated from the perspective of the character of the Fool , whose name is Pocket .   In the course of the novel are references to other Shakespeare plays , ranging from short quotations to whole characters -- most notably the three witches from Macbeth . While the style of Fool is directed at an American audience , the author incorporates at times Shakespearean vocabulary , archaic syntax , and modern British slang , and obscure cultural terms relating to medieval life , which are explained in footnotes . In addition , Moore invents humorous British-style place-names for fictitious locations in the story .   This novel was followed by a sequel , The Serpent of Venice , released in 2014 , which combines characters and plot elements from Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice and Othello , and Poe 's The Cask of Amontillado , while keeping the perspective of Pocket .

neg: Enchantment (novel) Enchantment is an English language fantasy novel written by Orson Scott Card . First published in 1999 , the novel is based on the Russian version of Sleeping Beauty and other folk tales . Various forms of magic , potions , and immortal deities also play an important role in the story .

neg: A Maggot A Maggot ( 1985 ) is a novel by British author John Fowles . It is Fowles ' sixth major novel , following The Collector , The Magus , The French Lieutenant 's Woman , Daniel Martin , and Mantissa . Its title , as the author explains in the prologue , is taken from the archaic sense of the word that means `` whim '' , `` quirk '' , `` obsession '' , or even a snatch of music ( see earworm ) . Another meaning of the word `` maggot '' becomes apparent later in the novel , used by a character to describe a white , oblong machine that appears to be a spacecraft . Though the author denied that A Maggot is a historical novel , it does take place during a precise historical timeframe , May 1736 to February 1737 , in England . It might be variously classified as historical fiction , mystery , or science fiction . Because of the narrative style and various metafictional devices , most critics classify it as a postmodern novel .

neg: The Cleric Quintet The Cleric Quintet is a series of five novels set in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game . They are written by R. A. Salvatore and follow the story of Cadderly Bonaduce , a scholar-cleric , as he attempts to stop the `` Chaos Curse '' unleashed upon the world . It is also a spiritual journey for Cadderly , where he begins to see things in a new light and becomes closer to his god .   Recurring characters in this series include Cadderly Bonaduce , Danica Maupoissant , the dwarven brothers Ivan and Pikel Bouldershoulder and Shayleigh , an elf maiden of Shilmista Forest .

neg: Prose Tristan The Prose Tristan is an adaptation of the Tristan and Iseult story into a long prose romance , and the first to tie the subject entirely into the arc of the Arthurian legend . It was also the first major Arthurian prose cycle commenced after the widely popular Lancelot-Grail ( Vulgate Cycle ) , which influenced especially the later portions of the Prose Tristan .   According to the prologue , the first part of the book ( i.e. everything before the Grail material ) is attributed to the otherwise unknown Luce de Gat , and were probably begun between 1230 and 1235 . The work was expanded and reworked sometime after 1240 . In the epilogue , a second author names himself as `` Helie de Boron , '' asserting that he is the nephew of the first author of the Arthurian Grail cycles , poet Robert de Boron . Helie de Boron claims , like the so-called authors of the Roman de la Rose , to have picked up the story where Luce left off . Neither the biographies of the two authors , nor the claim that they had been translating the work from a Latin original are taken seriously by scholars .


query: British Columbia engages in tourism with several ski resorts.

pos: Outdoor recreation Outdoor recreation or outdoor activity refers to leisure pursuits engaged in the outdoors , often in natural or semi-natural settings out of town . Examples include adventure racing , backpacking , cycling , camping , canoeing , canyoning , caving , disc golf , fishing , hiking , horseback riding , hunting , kayaking , mountaineering , photography , adventure park , waterskiing , jetskiing , rock climbing , running , sailing , skiing , surfing , ATV riding , and sports .   Outdoor recreation may also refer to a team sport game or practice held in an outdoor setting . When the recreation involves excitement , physical challenge , or risk , such as in rafting or climbing , it is sometimes referred to as adventure recreation .  The two primary purposes for outdoor recreation are beneficial use and pleasurable appreciation .

pos: British Columbia British Columbia ( BC ) is the westernmost province of Canada , with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains .  British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion , along with the U.S. states of Idaho , Oregon , Washington , Alaska , and western Montana .   The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria , established in 1843 , which gave rise to the city of Victoria , at first the capital of the separate Colony of Vancouver Island . Subsequently , on the mainland , the Colony of British Columbia ( 1858 -- 66 ) was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers , Columbia Detachment , in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . Moody was Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for the Colony and the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia : he was hand-picked by the Colonial Office in London to transform British Columbia into the British Empire 's `` bulwark in the farthest west '' , and `` to found a second England on the shores of the Pacific '' . Moody selected the site for and founded the original capital of British Columbia , New Westminster , established the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park , and designed the first version of the Coat of arms of British Columbia . Port Moody is named after him .   In 1866 , Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia , and Victoria became the united colony 's capital . In 1871 , British Columbia became the sixth province of Canada . Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu ( `` Splendour without Diminishment '' ) .   The capital of British Columbia remains Victoria , the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada , named for the Queen who created the original European colonies . The largest city is Vancouver , the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada , the largest in Western Canada , and the third-largest in the Pacific Northwest . In October 2013 , British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371 ( about 2.5 million of whom were in Greater Vancouver ) . The province is currently governed by the BC Liberal Party , led by Premier Christy Clark , who became leader as a result of a leadership convention vote on February 26 , 2011 , and who led her party to an election victory on May 14 , 2013 .   British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871 . First Nations , the original inhabitants of the land , have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area . Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title , long ignored , has become a legal and political question of frequent debate as a result of recent court actions . Notably , the Tsilhqot ` in Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory , as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision ( William -LSB- Tsilhqot ` in Nation -RSB- v. British Columbia ) .   BC 's economy is diverse , with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the province 's GDP . It is the endpoint of transcontinental railways , and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade . Though less than 5 % of its vast 944735 km2 land is arable , the province is agriculturally rich ( particularly in the Fraser and Okanagan valleys ) , because of milder weather near the coast and in certain sheltered southern valleys . Its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism , though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction , principally logging , farming , and mining . Vancouver , the province 's largest city and metropolitan area , also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies . It also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average . While the coast of British Columbia and certain valleys in the south-central part of the province have mild weather , the majority of its land mass experiences a cold-winter-temperate climate similar to that of the rest of Canada . The Northern Interior region has a subarctic climate with very cold winters . The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities , with nighttime January temperatures averaging above the freezing point .

neg: Lake Minnewanka Lake Minnewanka ( -LSB- pronˌmɪnəˈwɑːŋkə -RSB- ) ( `` Water of the Spirits '' in Nakoda ) is a glacial lake located in the eastern area of Banff National Park in Canada , about 5 km northeast of the Banff townsite . The lake is 21 km long and 142 m deep , making it the longest lake in the mountain parks of the Canadian Rockies ( the result of a power dam at the west end ) .   The lake is fed by the Cascade River , flowing east of Cascade Mountain , and runs south through Stewart Canyon as it empties into the western end of the lake . Numerous streams flowing down from Mount Inglismaldie , Mount Girouard and Mount Peechee on the south side of the lake also feed the lake .   Aboriginal people long inhabited areas around Lake Minnewanka , as early as 10,000 years ago , according to stone tools and a Clovis point spearhead discovered by archaeologists . The area is rich in animal life ( e.g. elk , mule deer , mountain sheep , bears ) and the easy availability of rock in the mountainous terrain was key to fashioning weapons for hunting .   The western end of the lake can be reached by following Lake Minnewanka road from the Trans-Canada Highway . Boat tours are available near the parking lot . A hiking and mountain biking trail runs along the northern shore of the lake , passing Stewart Canyon and six backcountry campsites . Mount Aylmer which at 3162 m is the highest mountain in this area of the park , is located a few kilometres north of the lake .   Dams were built in 1912 and 1941 to supply the town with hydro-electric power . The most recent dam ( 1941 ) raised the lake 30 m and submerged the resort village of Minnewanka Landing that had been present there since 1888 . Because of the presence of the submerged village , submerged bridge pilings , and submerged dam ( the one from 1912 ) the lake is popular among recreational scuba divers .  The construction of the dam resulted in involuntary resettlement of inhabitants from the reservoir area .

neg: West Vancouver West Vancouver is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia , Canada . A member municipality of Metro Vancouver , the governing body of the Greater Vancouver Regional District , the municipality is northwest of the city of Vancouver on the northern side of English Bay and the southeast shore of Howe Sound , and is adjoined by the District of North Vancouver to its east . Together with the District of North Vancouver and City of North Vancouver , it is part of a local regional grouping referred to as the North Shore municipalities , or simply `` The North Shore '' .   West Vancouver has a population of 42,694 ( 2011 census ) . Cypress Provincial Park , mostly located within the municipal boundaries , was one of the venues for the 2010 Winter Olympics . West Vancouver is also home of Canada 's first shopping mall , Park Royal Shopping Centre , and also of the Horseshoe Bay Ferry Terminal , one of the main connecting points between the British Columbia mainland and Vancouver Island .

neg: Bivouac Mountain Encyclopedia The Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia is an organization based in Vancouver , British Columbia founded in 1995 to provide information on Canada 's mountains , backroads and trails . It is aimed at hikers and mountaineers , a similar audience to the Canadian Alpine Journal or a guidebook . The articles are supported by a GIS database and mapping system . The organization maintains a structured database of mountains for all Canada with access trails and backroads . The online reference database has about 30,000 mountains , 4000 backroads and 3000 trails .   The initial core of the website was the mountain , road and trail databases . In 2009 , a project was begun to upgrade the road and trail database , taking advantage of the newer air photos currently available via Google Earth . This has resulted in numerous corrections to previous data based on government maps . Roads and trails were classified and color coded according to their current conditions reported by about 7000 road bulletins written by eye witness users of the roads .   In October 2000 , a major project involving about 30 volunteer editors was begun to catalog every Canadian and US mountain . The initial scope was to catalog every peak over 300 meters of topographic prominence . The source of the data in Canada was the 1:50,000 series National Topographic Series maps , and in the United States , the USGS maps . In British Columbia the source was the TRIM data published by British Columbia Basemap . The catalog involved charting and cataloging many peaks without official name . Many of these peaks had `` standing names '' in the previous authoritative guidebooks such as Climber 's Guide to the Rocky Mountains of Canada , first published in 1921 , and `` A Guide to Climbing and Hiking in Southwestern British Columbia '' published in 1986 by Bruce Fairley , and these were adopted by Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia . Previously uncharted peaks were assigned letter codes , geographic names and provisional names . The first phase of the cataloging was completed in 2003 and from then on , a steady trickle of updates were made as errors were reported . In 2012 , a major project was begun to systematically recheck every peak , now plotted on the newer mapping systems of the website .

neg: Whiting Peak (British Columbia) Whiting Peak is an unofficial name for a mountain in British Columbia , Canada . It has an elevation of 2524 m above sea level and is one of Canada 's many ultra prominent peaks .   The name `` Whiting Peak '' is derived from its being the high point of a group of mountains bordered by two bodies of water . Whiting Lake lies to the east and the Whiting River runs to the west of this group .

neg: Shark Tooth Mountain (British Columbia) '' This article is about the mountain in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia . For the mountain in the Stikine Ranges of the Northern Interior of British Columbia , see Sharktooth Mountain . For the similar-named mountain in California , see Sharktooth Peak . For the similarly named mountain in Colorado , see Sharkstooth Peak .   Shark Tooth Mountain , officially named in 1954 , is also known as The Sharktooth or Sharp Tooth Mountain . It is a mountain in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia , Canada , southwest of Whiteswan Lake . Presumably , the name is related to the profile of the peak . It sits to the southwest of Whiteswan Lake Provincial Park , with Lussier Hot Springs and Ram Creek Hot Springs nearby , and is part of the Kootenay Ranges subdivision of the Canadian Rockies in Western Alberta and most of British Columbia .

neg: Blue Mountain (British Columbia) Blue Mountain is a mountain in British Columbia .   Category : Mountains of British Columbia

neg: British Columbia Court of Appeal The British Columbia Court of Appeal ( BCCA ) is the highest appellate court in the province of British Columbia , Canada . It was established in 1910 following the 1907 Court of Appeal Act .   The BCCA hears appeals from the Supreme Court of British Columbia and a number of boards and tribunals . The BCCA also hears criminal appeals from the Provincial Court of British Columbia where the proceedings in that court were by indictment . It will hear summary conviction appeals from the Supreme Court on criminal matters that originated in the Provincial Court . Statute restricts appeals on civil matters from the Provincial Court ( Small Claims ) to the Supreme Court . However , some Provincial Court civil matters may come before the BCCA on very narrow matters having to do with questions of administrative law or other unusual circumstances .   The BCCA consists of 22 justices ( including a Chief Justice ) , ten of whom are supernumerary . All justices of the BCCA ( including the position of Chief Justice ) are appointed by the federal government . The central registry for the BCCA is in Vancouver , where the BCCA holds most of its sittings . The BCCA also occasionally hears cases in Victoria , Kelowna , and Kamloops . The judges for the Court also double as judges for the Yukon Court of Appeal . Cases from Yukon are heard in both Vancouver and in Whitehorse .   A full division of the court consists of five justices ; however , most cases are heard by a division of three justices . A single justice will preside over matters heard in '' chambers '' , usually Interlocutory matters or applications for leave to appeal .   Unlike in Ontario where a sitting of the Court of Appeal is referred to as a `` panel '' , in the BCCA a sitting of the Court is referred to as a `` division '' .   Counsel appearing in the BCCA are required to `` gown '' . This court dress is identical to that worn in the Supreme Court of British Columbia , and consists of a white wing collar with bands , along with a black bar jacket and black gown ( some counsel will wear a black waistcoat and suit rather than a bar jacket ) . Male barristers will generally wear black or striped trousers , with female barristers wearing either trousers or a skirt . Queen 's Counsel wear a more elaborate bar jacket as well as a silk gown . Court dress is not required for matters heard in Chambers , wherein standard business dress can be worn by both counsel and the sitting justice .   When the court moved from its previous location ( what is now the Vancouver Art Gallery ) , one of the old courtrooms was reconstructed in the present Arthur Erickson designed Vancouver Law Courts . When in session , a division of the court will often preside in this Heritage Courtroom .   All courts in the Province of British Columbia display the Arms of Her Majesty in Right of the United Kingdom , as a symbol of its judiciary .

neg: Port Essington, British Columbia Port Essington was a cannery town on the south bank of the Skeena River estuary in northwestern British Columbia , Canada , between Prince Rupert and Terrace , and at the confluence of the Skeena and Ecstall Rivers . It was founded in 1871 by Robert Cunningham and Thomas Hankin ( father of the interpreter Constance Cox ) and was for a time the largest settlement in the region . During its heyday it was home to an ethnic mix of European-Canadians , Japanese-Canadians , and members of First Nations from throughout the region , especially Tsimshians from the Kitselas and Kitsumkalum tribes . In the Tsimshian language , the site of Port Essington is called Spaksuut or , in English spelling , `` Spokeshute '' , which means `` autumn camping place '' . This also became the Tsimshian name for the town of Port Essington , and was conferred on Spokeshute Mountain , which stands above and behind the community . It sits on the traditional territory of the Gitzaxłaał tribe , one of the nine Tsimshian tribes based at Lax Kw ` alaams . In 1888 , the anthropologist Franz Boas visited Port Essington , interviewing Haida and Tsimshian individuals and establishing a working relationship with Odille Morison , the Tsimshian linguist , who lived in Port Essington .

neg: Rosebery Provincial Park Rosebery Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia , Canada .

neg: Blue Mountain (ski resort) Blue Mountain is an alpine ski resort in Ontario , Canada ,  just northwest of Collingwood . It is situated on a section of the Niagara Escarpment about 1 km ( 0.6 mi . ) from Nottawasaga Bay , and is a major destination for skiers from southern Ontario . On average , Blue Mountain sells more than 750,000 lift tickets per year , making it the third-busiest ski resort in Canada , after Whistler-Blackcomb in British Columbia and Mont Tremblant in Quebec . It is one of the largest resorts in Ontario and has been extensively built out , featuring 42 runs , 16 chairlifts and 3 freestyle terrains . Majority-owned by Intrawest since 1999 , the resort has recently undergone major renovations , including new high-speed lifts and a new `` village '' similar to those built at Tremblant and Whistler at its base . The local area forms the newly incorporated town of The Blue Mountains , Ontario .

neg: Mount Sanford (British Columbia) Mount Sanford is a mountain in northwestern British Columbia , Canada , located 50 km east of Atlin .   Mount Sanford is a volcanic feature of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province that formed in the past 66.4 million years of the Cenozoic epoch .

neg: Thompson River The Thompson River is the largest tributary of the Fraser River , flowing through the south-central portion of British Columbia , Canada . The Thompson River has two main branches , the South Thompson River and the North Thompson River . The river is home to several varieties of Pacific salmon and trout . The area 's geological history was heavily influenced by glaciation , and the several large glacial lakes have filled the river valley over the last 12,000 years . Archaeological evidence shows human habitation in the watershed dating back to at least 8300 years . The Thompson was named by Fraser River explorer , Simon Fraser , in honour of his friend , Columbia Basin explorer David Thompson . Recreational use of the river includes whitewater rafting and angling .

neg: The Sutton Place The Sutton Place is a luxury hotel in the Canadian city of Vancouver , British Columbia .

neg: Kootenay Lake Provincial Park Kootenay Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia , Canada . It encompasses five widely dispersed parks around Kootenay Lake : Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Davis Creek site ) , Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Lost Ledge sites ) , Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Midge Creek site ) , Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Campbell Bay site ) , and Kootenay Lake Provincial Park ( Coffee Creek site ) .   All of the parks are located in south central British Columbia .

neg: BC Paraplegic Association Spinal Cord Injury BC ( SCI BC ) is a not-for-profit organization that helps people with spinal cord injuries and related injuries adjust , adapt and thrive by providing answers , information and community experiences in the Canadian province of British Columbia .   Spinal Cord Injury BC has three core services through which it serves the BC Spinal Cord Injury community , the Peer program , Information Services and SCI Information Database .   Spinal Cord Injury BC works in close partnership with the Vancouver General Hospital , GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre , International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries ( ICORD ) , Rick Hansen Institute , Neil Squire Foundation , BC Wheelchair Sports ( BCWCS ) and The Disability Foundation .

neg: Haisla people The Haisla ( also Xa'islak ' ala , X̄a ' islakʼala , X̌àʼislakʼala , X̣aʼislak ' ala , Xai : sla ) are an indigenous people living at Kitamaat in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia . Their indigenous language is named after them in most English usage , though its actual name is X̄a ' islak̓ala . The name Haisla is derived from the Haisla word x̣àʼisla or x̣àʼisəla ' ( those ) living at the rivermouth , living downriver ' . Along with the neighbouring Wuikinuxv and Heiltsuk people , they were incorrectly known in the past as the Northern Kwakiutl .   Kitimaat Village , the Haisla reserve , is a short 20 minute drive south of the town of Kitimat at the head of the Douglas Channel , a 90-km ( 56-mi ) fjord that serves as saltwater corridor that connects the community and the town and port of Kitimat , which is the site of the aluminum smelter of Alcan Incorporated , to the Pacific Ocean . Kitamaat is a Tsimshian name , applied by European explorers who asked their Tsimshian guides for the name of the place ; it means `` people of the snows '' or `` place of the snows '' . The Haisla name for Kitimaat is C'imo ` ca ( pronounced tsee-MOTE-sah ) which means `` snag beach . ''

neg: List of census agglomerations in British Columbia A census agglomeration is a census geographic unit in Canada determined by Statistics Canada . A census agglomeration comprises one or more adjacent census subdivisions that has a core population of 10,000 or greater . It is eligible for classification as a census metropolitan area once it reaches a population of 100,000 .   At the 2011 Census , the Province of British Columbia had 21 census agglomerations , down from 22 in the 2006 Census . The one deleted in 2011 was Kitimat .

neg: Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area .   The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government .   In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government .   __ TOC __

neg: Klondike, Yukon The Klondike ( -LSB- ˈklɒndaɪk -RSB- ) is a region of the Yukon territory in northwest Canada , east of the Alaskan border . It lies around the Klondike River , a small river that enters the Yukon River from the east at Dawson City .   The Klondike is famed because of the Klondike Gold Rush , which started in 1897 and lasted until 1899 . Gold has been mined continuously in that area except for a hiatus in the late 1960s and early 1970s .   The name `` Klondike '' evolved from the Hän word Tr ` ondëk , which means `` hammerstone water '' . Early gold seekers found it difficult to pronounce the First Nations word , so `` Klondike '' was the result of this poor pronunciation .

neg: Sasquatch Provincial Park Sasquatch Provincial Park is a provincial park in Kent , British Columbia , Canada .