query: Ronaldo Maczinski is Irish.

pos: Ronaldo Maczinski Ronaldo Maczinski ( born 11 September 1980 ) , known as Ronaldo , is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward ; he had a lengthy career in Portuguese football .

neg: Noel Campbell (footballer) Noel Campbell ( born 11 December 1949 in Dublin ) is a retired Irish footballer .   He began his career in 1966 with St. Patrick 's Athletic F.C. in the League of Ireland where alongside his brother Johnny played in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup against FC Girondins de Bordeaux with Noel scoring twice in the Stade Chaban-Delmas . He had played in the 1967 FAI Cup Final losing to Shamrock Rovers . Noel was the club 's top scorer in 1968 -- 69 and 1969 -- 70 .   While with St. Patrick 's he made his full international debut on 30 May 1971 .   The following season he moved to SC Fortuna Köln in Germany . From 1971 to 1973 he made 51 appearances and scored nine goals in the Regionalliga West ; he also played five games and scored two goals in the promotion play-off to the Bundesliga . In 1973 -- 74 he played 29 Bundesliga games and when he played against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 11 August 1973 , he became the first Irishman to play in the Bundesliga . From 1974 to 1979 he scored 16 goals in 110 2 . Bundesliga games .   Campbell won 11 caps for Ireland , one in his St. Patrick 's Athletic days and a further ten whilst under contract to Fortuna Köln ( becoming , in 1972 , the first Irishman to appear in the national colours whilst on the books of a club based in mainland Europe . ) He departed the international stage in somewhat ignominious circumstances , dismissed ( rather arbitrarily , in the view of contemporary observers ) within a minute of his introduction as a substitute in a 1977 World Cup qualifier against Bulgaria in Sofia .   Campbell made his debut for Shamrock Rovers on 3 December 1980 in a Leinster Senior Cup tie . He took over as assistant manager the following season to John Giles and then from February 1983 until May 1983 he was team manager .   He is the uncle of Dave Campbell .

neg: Údarás na Gaeltachta Údarás na Gaeltachta ( -LSB- uːd̪ˠəɾˠaːs nə ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠə -RSB- ) meaning `` Gaeltacht Authority '' ( abbreviated UnaG ) is a regional state agency which is responsible for the economic , social and cultural development of nominally Irish-speaking ( Gaeltacht ) regions of Ireland . Its stated purpose is to strengthen the Gaeltacht communities , to increase the quality of life of its community members and facilitate the preservation and extension of the Irish language as the principal language of the region . It gives funding to small local businesses that have to compete with foreign companies .

neg: Gaelcholáiste A Gaelcholáiste is a secondary level school in Ireland , both in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland , outside Gaeltacht areas , where Irish is the primary language of teaching and communication .   Gaelcholáistí are supported and represented on a practical day-to-day basis by Gaeloideachas ( who also support Irish-medium schools in the Gaeltacht ) and are also supported and represented by An Chomhairle um Oideachas Gaeltachta agus Gaelscolaíochta , whose name translates into English as The Council for Gaeltacht and Gaelscoileanna Education , or COGG .   There are 31 Gaelcholáistí and 17 second-level aonaid Gaeilge ( Irish language units ) on the island of Ireland attended by over 11,000 students . A further over 3,000 pupils are receiving their second level education through Irish in the Gaeltacht .

neg: Gary Rogers Gary Rogers ( born 25 September 1981 in County Louth , Ireland ) is an Irish professional footballer playing as a goalkeeper for Dundalk in the League of Ireland . He has also been called up for the Republic of Ireland national football team .

neg: Gino Brazil Gino Brazil ( born 28 March 1968 in Dublin , Ireland ) is a former Irish footballer . He is currently working as a Football in Community Development Officer for the Football Association of Ireland .   A diabetic , Brazil played all his schoolboy football with Belvedere and then got an offer to sign for St Patrick 's Athletic where he spent five months . After a period on the bench he dropped down a division and signed for Home Farm for two seasons .   After a spell at Finn Harps ( 3 League Cup appearances ) he signed for Shamrock Rovers under Noel King in 1989 . He made his Rovers debut against Derry City on Friday 10 December 1989 . He went to spend almost twelve seasons at Rovers where he made 323 competitive appearances scoring twice . In light of the club 's failure to award Brazil a well-deserved testimonial Rovers fans organised a testimonial dinner on Sunday 26 October 1997 .   He played every game in the 1993/94 title winning year scoring once against Bohs on 26 September 1993 at the RDS Arena . Brazil was Rovers Player of the Year the following season ( Shamrock Rovers #Player of the Year Award recipients ) .   He made 4 appearances for Rovers in European competition .   In January 2001 Brazil signed for Athlone Town .

neg: Niall Quinn Niall John Quinn ( honorary MBE ; born 6 October 1966 ) is an Irish former professional footballer and businessman , and the ex-chairman of Sunderland . Quinn continued as Sunderland 's director responsible for international development until he stepped down in February 2012 . He received 92 caps for the Republic of Ireland national football team , scoring 21 times , and appearing for the national side at one UEFA European Football Championship in 1988 and two FIFA World Cups in 1990 and 2002 . He played club football for English Premier League teams Arsenal , Manchester City and Sunderland during the 1980s , 1990s and 2000s .   Quinn is also heavily involved in the management side of horse racing .

neg: Willie Browne Willie Browne ( 21 February 1936 -- 14 October 2004 ) was an Irish soccer player during the 1960s .   A Bohemian F.C. legend , he was the last amateur to have been capped for the full Republic of Ireland national team for 43 years until Joseph Lapira was capped against Ecuador in May 2007 .

neg: Irish Americans Irish Americans ( Gael-Mheiriceánaigh ) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland , especially those who identify with that ancestry , along with their cultural characteristics . About 33.3 million Americans -- 10.5 % of the total population -- reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau . This compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland . Three million people separately identified as Scots-Irish , whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States .

neg: Gaelscoil A Gaelscoil ( -LSB- ˈɡˠeːl̪ˠsˠkɛlʲ -RSB- ; plural : Gaelscoileanna ) is an Irish-medium school in Ireland : the term refers especially to Irish-medium schools outside the Irish-speaking regions or Gaeltacht . Over 50,000 students attend Gaelscoileanna on the island of Ireland . A further over 13,000 students are receiving their primary and second level education through Irish in the Gaeltacht . Gaelscoileanna and Irish-medium schools in the Gaeltacht are supported and represented by Gaeloideachas and An Chomhairle um Oideachas Gaeltachta & Gaelscolaíochta or COGG for short .   Students in the Gaelscoileanna acquire the Irish language through language immersion , and study the standard curriculum through it . Gaelscoileanna , unlike English-medium schools , have the reputation of producing competent Irish speakers . English-medium schools , in contrast , produce relatively few fluent Irish speakers , despite the Irish language being an obligatory subject in the Republic of Ireland in both primary and secondary school . This has been attributed in part to the lack of Irish-language immersion programs .

neg: Brendan McNally John Brendan McNally , known as Brendan McNally ( born 22 January 1935 in Dublin ) , was an Irish professional footballer .   He first played football for a small local club , St. Finbarrs . As a schoolboy he was selected to play for Ireland against England in a schoolboy international , scoring one of Ireland 's goals as they went down 3-2 .   He was a right back and began his professional career in the League of Ireland with Shelbourne F.C. in 1954 and then moved to Luton Town F.C. in 1956 .   There he stayed for 8 years , making 134 appearances and scoring three times . Luton were then a First Division team and in 1959 he was part of the Luton team that lost 2-1 to Nottingham Forest in the final of the F.A. Cup . One of the Forest scorers that day was Roy Dwight , who was later carried off after breaking his leg in a tackle with Brendan . Roy , who died in 2003 , was the cousin of the singer/songwriter Sir Elton John .   After a successful period in the First Division , Luton started to slip down the Football League , first into the Second Division and shortly before Brendan joined Cambridge City in 1963 they were relegated into the Third Division .   Brendan later on played for Dunstable Town and managed non league Chesham United where he gave future England international Kerry Dixon his first start in senior football .   He also played three times for the Republic of Ireland , winning his first cap in a 2-0 European Championship qualifier win over Czechoslovakia on 5 April 1959 in Dalymount Park .

neg: Poblacht Poblacht is the Irish word for `` republic '' . It may refer to :   An Phoblacht ( English : The Republic ) , a newspaper published by Sinn Féin .  Poblacht na hÉireann ( disambiguation ) , can be rendered in English Irish Republic or Republic of Ireland . It can refer to :  The revolutionary Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916 and 1919 , also termed Saorstát Éireann .  Poblacht na hÉireann , a newspaper first published in 1922 in Ireland by republican opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty .  The Republic of Ireland , the legal description of the modern Irish state since 1949 .  Proclamation of the Irish Republic ( Irish : Forógra na Poblachta ) , a 1916 document declaring the independence of the Irish Republic from the United Kingdom  Poblacht Chríostúil ( English : Christian Republic ) , a small political party in Cork in the mid-1960s .

neg: List of Northern Ireland international footballers This is a list of footballers who have played for the Northern Ireland national football team . The Irish Football Association ( IFA ) was formed in 1880 , prior to the partition of Ireland . The original Ireland national team was selected by the IFA and included players from all of Ireland . Following the creation of the Irish Free State , the Football Association of Ireland ( FAI ) was set up and it picked its own national team . Until 1950 , both Irish associations picked players from the whole of the island , which resulted in there being dual Irish international footballers . After complaints by the FAI against this practice being used by the IFA during 1950 FIFA World Cup qualification matches , FIFA decreed that each association should select teams based on their own part of Ireland .   Until the 1950s , the only major competition entered by Northern Ireland/Ireland was the British Home Championship , which operated until 1984 . The team won the competition eight times , taking the title outright on three occasions , including the last championship in 1984 . The best World Cup performance by Northern Ireland was in their first appearance in the finals , the 1958 World Cup , where they reached the quarter-finals after beating Czechoslovakia 2 -- 1 in a play-off . Northern Ireland became the smallest country to have qualified for the World Cup , a record that stood until Trinidad & Tobago qualified for the 2006 World Cup .   Northern Ireland qualified for the 1982 World Cup . Gerry Armstrong scored the goal in a shock 1 -- 0 win against tournament hosts Spain , which helped the team progress to the second group stage by winning their first group stage . Norman Whiteside became the youngest player ever in the World Cup finals , breaking a record set by Pele . Northern Ireland also qualified for the 1986 World Cup , but did not progress beyond the first group stage . Billy Bingham , a playing member of the 1958 squad , was manager for both of these tournaments .   Northern Ireland qualified for the UEFA European Football Championship for the first time in 2016 . They defeated West Germany 1 -- 0 both home and away in UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying and David Healy set a record for goals scored in one European qualifying section , by scoring 13 times in UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying .

neg: 2016 Summer Olympics ticket scandal On 5 August , the day of the 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony , police in Rio de Janeiro arrested two people for attempted illegal resale of hundreds of tickets allocated to the Olympic Council of Ireland ( OCI ) . The scandal precipitated the dramatic arrest of OCI president Pat Hickey , while in a hotel room assigned to his son . Hickey immediately resigned , as well as relinquishing his membership of the International Olympic Committee , his role as president of the European Olympic Committees and his role as vice-president of the Association of National Olympic Committees . He remains locked up in a maximum security Rio de Janeiro prison .   Others implicated in the scandal include Football Association of Ireland ( FAI ) chief executive John Delaney , who is also OCI vice-president and a prominent figure in Irish sport , as well as Team Ireland Chef de Mission Kevin Kilty and Hickey 's replacement as OCI president , Willie O'Brien .

neg: Shinty/Hurling International Series The Shinty/Hurling International Series is an annual sports competition played annually between the Ireland national hurling team ( selected by the Gaelic Athletic Association ) and Scotland national shinty team ( selected by the Camanachd Association ) . The series is conducted according to the rules of Shinty/Hurling , which is a hybrid sport consisting of a mixture of rules from the Scottish sport of Shinty and the Irish sport of Hurling .   Matches are played at men 's senior , men 's under 21 and women 's levels , with Ireland having had the most success in recent years , winning the last six senior series .

neg: Massimo Maccarone Massimo Maccarone ( -LSB- ˈmassimo makkaˈrone -RSB- ; born 6 September 1979 ) is an Italian association football striker currently playing for Empoli .   He made headlines in March 2002 when he became the first Serie B player in twenty years to be picked for the Italian national side . He is nicknamed Big Mac .

neg: Gaelic Park The Gaelic Park Sports Centre ( Páirc na nGael ) , often abbreviated Gaelic Park , is a multi-purpose outdoor athletics facility , located at West 240th Street and Broadway in Riverdale , Bronx , in the U.S. state of New York . Since 1926 the grounds has been used as the venue for Gaelic sports in New York , and since its purchase by Manhattan College in 1991 it has hosted numerous American college athletic events .   Located just west of Broadway and south and west of Van Cortlandt Park in the northernmost part of the Bronx just south of the city border with Westchester , Gaelic Park was purchased in 1926 by the Gaelic Athletic Association of Greater New York . It has been given a few different names over time including Innisfail Park , but since the 1950s it has gone by its current name , Gaelic Park , a reflection of the park 's decidedly Irish flavor . The park includes a playing field and dance hall . In addition to hurling and football matches , a number of other sporting events take place at Gaelic Park . There are also concerts and dances that feature Irish music both old and new . Beginning with `` Summer ' 69 '' and continuing into the early 1970s , rock concerts were also held there , including the Association , Beach Boys , Gary Puckett and the Union Gap , Eagles , Pete Seeger , Rascals , Irish Rovers , Four Tops , Grateful Dead , Chicago , Edgar Winter , Johnny Winter , Jefferson Airplane , Black Oak Arkansas , Allman Brothers Band , Ten Years After , Yes , ELP , Mountain , Humble Pie and Deep Purple .

neg: 1967 Intercontinental Cup The 1967 Intercontinental Cup was a football tie held over three legs in 1967 between the winners of the 1966 -- 67 European Cup , Celtic , and Racing Club , winners of the 1967 Copa Libertadores .   The first leg was played at Hampden Park in Glasgow , with Celtic winning 1 -- 0 through a Billy McNeill header . The game however was marred by Racing Club 's incessant cynical fouling and spitting . The return match at El Cilindro in Buenos Aires was also acrimonious , with Celtic 's Ronnie Simpson struck by an object thrown from the crowd just before the start of the match . He was badly dazed and had to be replaced by John Fallon . Celtic again took the lead , but Racing Club fought back to win 2 -- 1 through goals from Norberto Raffo and Juan Carlos Cárdenas .   The series of games went to a play-off match in Montevideo , Uruguay . The game was a shambles , exacerbated by Racing Club 's continued cynical fouling , Celtic 's loss of composure and discipline , and the incompetence of the Paraguayan referee who was clearly out of his depth . Riot police had to intervene on the pitch several times as six players were sent off ; four from Celtic and two from Racing Club . Celtic 's Bertie Auld however refused to leave the field on being `` sent off '' and still played for the whole game . Racing Club scored the only goal of the game in the second half through Cárdenas , winning the game 1 -- 0 and the Intercontinental Cup series , becoming the first Argentinian holders of the trophy .

neg: Irish Uruguayan Irish Uruguayans are Uruguayan people with Irish ancestry . There are an estimated 120,000 Irish Uruguayans in Uruguay , many of them living in the capital of Montevideo .

neg: St Brendans GAA St Brendans GAA is a Gaelic football club with its home ground at MacPherson Park , Trafford MV RFCC playing fields , Sale , Manchester .   St Brendans have won Championships at regular intervals at U10s , U12s , U14s U16s & U18s . Many of St Brendans current players have played with club since they were U10s .   St Brendans celebrated their 50th Anniversary with a huge Gala Dinner Dance at The Palace Hotel Manchester on 21 March 2009 .

neg: Rooney Prize for Irish Literature The Rooney Prize for Irish Literature was created in 1976 by the Irish American businessman Dan Rooney , owner and chairman of the NFL Pittsburgh Steelers franchise and former U.S. Ambassador to Ireland . The prize is awarded to Irish writers aged under 40 who are published in Irish or English . Although often associated with individual books , it is intended to reward a body of work . Originally worth # 750 , the current value of the prize is $ 10,000 .


query: Born This Way is a piece of music.

pos: Born This Way (song) `` Born This Way '' is a song by American singer Lady Gaga , and the lead single from her second studio album of the same name . Written by Gaga and Jeppe Laursen , who produced it along with Fernando Garibay and DJ White Shadow , the track was developed while Gaga was on the road with The Monster Ball Tour . Inspired by 1990s music which empowered women and the gay community , Gaga explained that `` Born This Way '' was her freedom song . She sang part of the chorus at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards in 2010 and announced the song as the lead single from the album , released on February 11 , 2011 .   The record is backed by rumbling synth sounds , a humming bass and additional chorus percussion , with sole organ toward the end . The lyrics discuss the self-empowerment of minorities including the LGBT community as well as racial minorities , referring to `` cholas '' and `` orients '' , which drew criticism from Latino and Asian communities . Critics positively reviewed the song , calling it a `` club-ready anthem '' , though it faced criticism for having similarities with Madonna 's 1989 single `` Express Yourself '' . The song reached number one in over 25 countries and was her third single to top the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and the 1,000 th song in that chart 's history ( since 1958 ) to reach number one . `` Born This Way '' has sold 8.2 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time .   Nick Knight directed the accompanying music video , which was inspired by surrealist painters like Salvador Dalí and Francis Bacon . Gaga is depicted as giving birth to a new race during a prologue . After a series of dance sequences , the video concludes with the view of a city populated by this race . Critics noted the video 's references to the work of Madonna , Michael Jackson , Björk , and the late fashion designer Alexander McQueen , as well as to Greek mythology and surrealism .   Gaga performed the song at the 53rd Grammy Awards after coming out of an incubating vessel . It was also performed during the last leg of The Monster Ball Tour and on television shows such as Saturday Night Live , Dick Clark 's New Year 's Rockin ' Eve and Good Morning America . The song was treated with different remixes , including a `` Country Road '' version recorded by Gaga herself and another by Indian production duo Salim-Sulaiman . Alice Cooper , Madonna , Katy Perry , Maria Aragon , and the cast of the TV series Glee have covered the song .

neg: Emancipation of the dissonance The emancipation of the dissonance was a concept or goal put forth by composer Arnold Schoenberg and others , including his pupil Anton Webern . The phrase first appears in Schoenberg 's 1926 essay `` Opinion or Insight ? '' . It may be described as a metanarrative to justify atonality . Jim describes :   Composers such as Charles Ives , Dane Rudhyar , Duke Ellington , and Lou Harrison connected the emancipation of the dissonance with the emancipation of society and humanity . Michael Broyles calls Ives tone-cluster-rich song `` Majority '' as `` an incantation , a mystical statement of belief in the masses or the people '' . Duke Ellington , after playing some of his pieces for a journalist , said , `` That 's the Negro 's life ... Hear that chord ! Dissonance is our way of life in America . We are something apart , yet an integral part '' . Lou Harrison described Carl Ruggles 's counterpoint as `` a community of singing lines , living a life of its own , ... careful not to get ahead or behind in its rhythmic cooperation with the others '' . Rudhyar gave the subtitle `` A New Principle of Musical and Social Organization '' to his book Dissonant Harmony , writing , `` Dissonant music is thus the music of true and spiritual Democracy ; the music of universal brotherhoods ; music of Free Souls , not of personalities . It abolishes tonalities , exactly as the real Buddhistic Reformation abolished castes into the Brotherhood of Monks ; for Buddhism is nothing but spiritual Democracy '' .   Just as the harmonic series was and is used as a justification for consonance , such as by Rameau , among others , the harmonic series is often used as physical or psychoacoustic justification for the gradual emancipation of intervals and chords found further and further up the harmonic series over time , such as is argued by Henry Cowell in defense of his tone clusters . Some argue further that they are not dissonances , but consonances higher up the harmonic series and thus more complex . ; cited in gives the following diagram , a specific timeline he proposes :   A 1996 book by Thomas J. Harrison , 1910 , the Emancipation of Dissonance , uses Schoenberg 's `` revolution '' to trace other movements in the arts around that time .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition The Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition ( including its previous names ) has been awarded since 1960 . The award is presented to the composer of an original piece of music ( not an adaptation ) , first released during the eligibility year . In theory , any style of music is eligible for this category , but winning compositions are usually in the jazz or film score genres .   The Grammy is awarded to the composer ( s ) of the music , not to the performing artist , except if the artist is also the composer .   There have been several minor changes to the name of the award :   In 1958 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1958 ( over 5 minutes duration )  In 1960 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1959 ( more than 5 minutes duration )  In 1962 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme or Instrumental Version of Song  From 1963 to 1964 and from 1967 to 1970 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme  In 1965 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Composition ( other than jazz )  From 1971 to the present it has been awarded as Best Instrumental Composition   Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .

neg: Born Free (Kid Rock album) Born Free is American artist Kid Rock 's eighth studio album . It released on November 16 , 2010 with the title track being its lead single . The album is a rock and roll collaboration produced by Rick Rubin featuring several high profile artists such as T.I. , Sheryl Crow , and Bob Seger . This is Kid Rock 's first album not to feature a Parental Advisory sticker and his first all-country album . Kid Rock described it as `` very organic blues-based rock and roll '' . Cable network TBS used the title track , `` Born Free '' , for its coverage of the 2010 Major League Baseball postseason . It was announced on June 16 , 2011 that Born Free was certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipments in excess of one million copies . This gives Kid Rock his sixth Platinum album certification in the US . A Michigan only promotion was released with the album . It was a 4-song EP called `` Racing Father Time '' .

neg: 1950s in jazz By the end of the 1940s , the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness , with the sounds of cool jazz , which favoured long , linear melodic lines . It emerged in New York City , as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white swing jazz musicians and predominantly black bebop musicians , and it dominated jazz in the first half of the 1950s . The starting point were a series of singles on Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950 of a nonet led by trumpeter Miles Davis , collected and released first on a ten-inch and later a twelve-inch as the Birth of the Cool . Cool jazz recordings by Chet Baker , Dave Brubeck , Bill Evans , Gil Evans , Stan Getz and the Modern Jazz Quartet usually have a `` lighter '' sound which avoided the aggressive tempos and harmonic abstraction of bebop . Cool jazz later became strongly identified with the West Coast jazz scene , but also had a particular resonance in Europe , especially Scandinavia , with emergence of such major figures as baritone saxophonist Lars Gullin and pianist Bengt Hallberg . The theoretical underpinnings of cool jazz were set out by the blind Chicago pianist Lennie Tristano , and its influence stretches into such later developments as Bossa nova , modal jazz , and even free jazz . See also the list of cool jazz and West Coast musicians for further detail .   Hard bop , an extension of bebop ( or `` bop '' ) music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues , gospel music , and blues , especially in the saxophone and piano playing , developed in the mid-1950s , partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s . The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954 , paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues . Miles Davis ' performance of `` Walkin ' '' the title track of his album of the same year , at the very first Newport Jazz Festival in 1954 , announced the style to the jazz world . The quintet Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers , fronted by Blakey and featuring pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown , were leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis . ( See also List of Hard bop musicians )   Modal jazz recordings , such as Miles Davis 's Kind of Blue , became popular in the late 1950s . Popular modal standards include Davis 's `` All Blues '' and `` So What '' ( both 1959 ) , John Coltrane 's `` Impressions '' ( 1963 ) and Herbie Hancock 's `` Maiden Voyage '' ( 1965 ) . Later , Davis 's `` second great quintet '' , which included saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock , recorded a series of highly acclaimed albums in the mid-to-late 1960s . Standards from these sessions include Shorter 's `` Footprints '' ( 1966 ) and Eddie Harris 's `` Freedom Jazz Dance '' ( 1966 ) .   In Brazil , a new style of music called bossa nova evolved in the late 1950s . The free jazz movement , coming to prominence in the late 1950s , spawned very few standards . Free jazz 's unorthodox structures and performance techniques are not as amenable to transcription as other jazz styles . However , `` Lonely Woman '' ( 1959 ) a blues by saxophonist Ornette Coleman , is perhaps the closest thing to a standard in free jazz , having been recorded by dozens of notable performers .

neg: Song cycle A song cycle ( Liederkreis or Liederzyklus ) is a group , or cycle , of individually complete songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a unit .   The songs are either for solo voice or an ensemble , or rarely a combination of solo songs mingled with choral pieces . The number of songs in a song cycle may be as brief as two songs or as long as 30 or more songs . The term `` song cycle '' did not enter lexicography until 1865 , in Arrey von Dommer 's edition of Koch 's Musikalisches Lexikon , but works definable in retrospect as song cycles existed long before then . One of the earliest examples may be the set of seven Cantigas de amigo by the 13th-century Galician jongleur Martin Codax .   A song cycle is similar to a song collection , and the two can be difficult to distinguish . Some type of coherence , however , is regarded as a necessary attribute of song cycles . It may derive from the text ( a single poet ; a story line ; a central theme or topic such as love or nature ; a unifying mood ; poetic form or genre , as in a sonnet or ballad cycle ) or from musical procedures ( tonal schemes ; recurring motifs , passages or entire songs ; formal structures ) . These unifying features may appear singly or in combination . Because of these many variations , the song cycle `` resists definition '' . The nature and quality of the coherence within a song cycle must therefore be examined `` in individual cases '' .

neg: American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key .   Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .

neg: Sheet music Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ) , rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece . Like its analogs -- printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages -- the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ) , although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , `` play back '' the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments .   Use of the term `` sheet '' is intended to differentiate written or printed forms of music from sound recordings ( on vinyl record , cassette , CD ) , radio or TV broadcasts or recorded live performances , which may capture film or video footage of the performance as well as the audio component . In everyday use , `` sheet music '' ( or simply `` music '' ) can refer to the print publication of commercial sheet music in conjunction with the release of a new film , TV show , record album , or other special or popular event which involves music . The first printed sheet music made with a printing press was made in 1473 .   Sheet music is the basic form in which Western classical music is notated so that it can be learned and performed by solo singers or instrumentalists or musical ensembles . Many forms of traditional and popular Western music are commonly learned by singers and musicians `` by ear '' , rather than by using sheet music ( although in many cases , traditional and pop music may also be available in sheet music form ) .   `` Score '' is a common alternative ( and more generic ) term for sheet music , and there are several types of scores , as discussed below . The term `` score '' can also refer to theatre music , orchestral music or songs written for a play , musical , opera or ballet , or to music or songs written for a television programme or film ; for the last of these , see Film score .

neg: Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness .   In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained :   `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' .   When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers .  There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere .   Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues .   What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . ''   Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad .   The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana .   The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance .   The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .

neg: This Is Country Music (song) `` This Is Country Music '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley . After performing it at the Country Music Association awards ceremony , Paisley released the song in December 2010 . The song is Paisley 's twenty-eighth single release overall ; it entered the Hot Country Songs charts dated for December 4 , 2010 . It was included on his eighth studio album , This Is Country Music , released on May 23 , 2011 release via Arista Nashville .

neg: Part (music) A part ( or voice ) is a strand or melody of music played by an individual instrument or voice ( or group of identical instruments or voices ) within a larger work . Parts may be referred to as an outer part ( the top and bottom parts ) or an inner part ( those in between ) . Part-writing ( or voice leading ) is the composition of parts in consideration of harmony and counterpoint . In the context of polyphonic composition the term voice may be used instead of part to denote a single melodic line or textural layer . The term is generic , and is not meant to imply that the line should necessarily be vocal in character , instead referring to instrumentation or simply to register .   Allen Forte defines a voice thus :   Codex Calixtinus ( 12th century ) contains the earliest extant decipherable part music .

neg: Way of the World (Cheap Trick song) `` Way of the World '' is a single by American rock band Cheap Trick , released from their 1979 album Dream Police . The song was written by Rick Nielsen and Robin Zander and produced by Tom Werman . In February 1980 it was released as a 7 '' vinyl single in the UK only , backed by `` Oh , Candy , '' from the first Cheap Trick album , and peaked at # 73 . It attempted to capitalize on the success of the mid-1979 single `` I Want You to Want Me '' and the live album Cheap Trick at Budokan which both entered the top 30 .   In some countries `` Way of the World '' was released as the B-side to Cheap Trick 's 1980 single `` Everything Works if You Let It . ''   `` Way of the World '' was produced by American producer Tom Werman who produced the entire Dream Police album as well the band 's 1977 album In Color and the 1978 album Heaven Tonight .   No artwork was created for the single , with the 7 '' vinyl itself being packaged in an official Epic Records sleeve .

neg: Fredrick Kaufman Fredrick Kaufman ( 1936 ) is an American composer .   Kaufman was born in Brooklyn , New York and studied trumpet , composition and jazz at the Manhattan School of Music ( BMus 1959 , MMus 1960 ) . In addition , he studied composition with Vincent Persichetti at the Juilliard School .   He played trumpet with the New York City Ballet Orchestra and later became professor of composition at the University of Wisconsin . After serving as dean of the Philadelphia College for the Performing Arts from 1982 to 1985 , he became director of the School of Music at Florida International University in Miami .   Kaufman is the composer of over one hundred and thirty published compositions that have been performed worldwide by orchestras such as the Warsaw Philharmonic , Israel Philharmonic , Moscow Chamber Orchestra , Moscow Symphony Orchestra , Czech Radio Orchestra , St. Petersburg Philharmonic , Lithuanian Philharmonic and Chamber Orchestra , Czech National Symphony Orchestra , Czech Symphony Orchestra , Jerusalem Symphony , Instrumental Ensemble of Grenoble , London Sinfonietta , Orchestra Novi Musici ( Naples , Italy ) , Dominican Republic National Orchestra , National Orchestra of Brazil , St. Paul Chamber Orchestra , Los Angeles Philharmonic , New World Symphony , and the Pittsburgh Symphony orchestras . His ballets have been danced by companies such as the Royal Swedish Ballet , Royal Winnipeg Ballet , Batsheva Dance Company , Bat-Dor Dance Company , and the Pennsylvania Dance Theater .   Kaufman is a former Fulbright Scholar and author of The African Roots of Jazz , a groundbreaking study that drew heavily on his early musical life as a jazz trumpet player with the Woody Herman Band . He is the recipient of the Darius Milhaud Award in Composition from the Aspen Music Festival , and honors and fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts , the Rockefeller , Guggenheim and Ford Foundations , the California , Montana and Pennsylvania Arts Councils as well as the Norwegian government .   Fredrick Kaufman 's Holocaust composition Kaddish , which Bernard Holland of The New York Times described as `` having the most expressive writing for strings to be heard today , '' has been performed in the major concert halls of Europe , Eastern Europe , Scandinavia , Israel , South America , Asia and throughout the United States . His works have received prizes at international competitions and have been selected for performances at festivals such as the Aspen Music Festival , Telluride Chamber Music Festival , Music Festival of the Hamptons , Sarasota Music Festival , Israel Festival , Darmstadt Festival for New Music , International Arts Festival in Vilnius , Lithuania , and the St. Cyprien International Festival of the Arts in France .   Renowned artists such as Richard Stoltzman , Julius Baker , Susan Starr , Roy Malan , Mark Drobinsky , Andres Diaz , David Kim , Roberto Diaz , Yehuda Hananni , Charles Neidich , Kemal Gekic , Paul Green , Sarah Lambert Bloom , The Miami String Quartet , The Amernet String Quartet , The Diaz Trio and numerous others have recorded and performed Kaufman 's concertos and chamber music . Additionally , Israeli television has paid tribute to him as a composer in the thirty-minute documentary film Fredrick Kaufman-Life of an Artist .   Critics from the New York Times , the Newark Star-Ledger , the Philadelphia Inquirer , the Miami Herald , the Jerusalem Post , the London Times , the Perpignan Independent , and other newspapers around the world have described Kaufman 's music as striking , individual an interesting combination of overwhelming pathos and infectious joy , brought one into the realm of musical genius .   In 1985 , the Statue of Liberty committee commissioned Fredrick Kaufman to write a choral work Mother of Exiles , for the re-dedication ceremonies of the Statue of Liberty . The composition was premiered by the United Nations Chorus at the ceremony and was broadcast worldwide by network television . WE THE PEOPLE 200 of the City of Philadelphia commissioned Kaufman to write his fifth Symphony , `` The American '' , in 1987 for the 200th anniversary celebration of the Constitution . Maestro Kaufman conducted the premiere performance which was nationally broadcast on NBC-TV . Over the past 10 years , Kaufman has been called upon repeatedly to conduct his compositions around the world .   In 1997 , the Miami Herald voted Maestro Fredrick Kaufman one of the 10 most influential people in the arts in the city of Miami . Kaufman continues to circle the globe with performances in Taiwan , Hong Kong , Spain , Poland , France , the Czech Republic , Brazil , Israel and Puerto Rico .   His latest multi-cultural works have received overwhelming praise in the press . His Kaminarimon ( for Taiko drums and Flamenco dance ) has been called `` remarkable '' and `` stunning '' and was voted as ? the number one classical composition of 2002 and `` the most imaginative new work of the year '' by , music critic , James Roos of The Miami Herald . His recently commissioned work Yin & Yang : A Dialogue for Two Grand Pianos , was launched and lauded by critics in New York and Miami , where it received its world premiere . String Quartet # 6 , `` The Urban '' was called `` stunning '' by the New Yorker magazine . The Urban Quartet was nominated by Lulkas Foss in 2007 for a Pulitzer Prize .   The points of departure for Kaufman 's writing are often gestures and sound imagery from his own wide ranging background which includes jazz and Eastern European Jewish folk traditions and a foundation deeply steeped in the classics as well as the avant garde . Kaufman continues to stretch the boundaries of standard approaches to composition and the results have been called `` startling '' .   In March , 2011 , Fredrick Kaufman completed the `` Guernica '' Piano Concerto , a commission for the Czech National Symphony Orchestra and concert pianist Kemal Gekic . The `` Guernica '' Concerto was scheduled to be premiered and recorded in the 2013 concert season in Prague by the Czech National Symphony Orchestra at the famed Smetana Concert Hall . The `` Guernica '' Piano Concerto with Kemal Gekic and the Czech National Symphony Orchestra ; his `` Kaddish '' Cello Concerto with soloist Mark Drobinsky and the Czech Radio Orchestra , and `` Seascape '' performed by the Czech Symphony Orchestra will be released on a CD recording by Parma Recording and distributed internationally by Naxos during the summer of 2013 .   Fredrick Kaufman currently resides with his artist wife Florence Kaufman in Miami Beach , where he holds the distinguished position of Professor Emeritus in Composition at Florida International University . Prior to that he held the position of Composer-in-Residence for the university , a position that was created specifically for him . Professor Kaufman was the founding Director of the FIU School of Music for ten years and established its internationally acclaimed FIU Music Festival . He was formerly Academic Dean of the Philadelphia College of the Performing Arts and a faculty member at the University of Wisconsin , the University of Montana at Billings , the University of London and the Rubin Academy of Music in Jerusalem , Israel . Kaufman is the founder and former Artistic Director of the St. Cyprien International Festival of the Arts held in St. Cyprien , France . He has two daughters , artist Laura BenAmots and choreographer/dancer Erica Kaufman .

neg: This Is Music `` This Is Music '' was the first single released from The Verve 's second album , A Northern Soul . The aptly named song is full of varied lyrical images . The song charted at # 35 in the United Kingdom . `` This Is Music '' featured as the band 's opening song for the majority of their 2008 reunion tour .  The cover was shot in Leeds , England .

neg: ...That's the Way It Is ... That 's the Way It Is is the thirteenth album by American singer Harry Nilsson , released in 1976 on RCA Records . Aside from two original songs , the album consists of cover tunes .   The songs include `` That Is All '' , written by George Harrison and originally released on Living in the Material World in 1973 ; America 's `` I Need You '' , from their eponymous 1971 album ; Randy Newman 's `` Sail Away '' , from his 1972 album of the same name ; and the Heartbeats ' `` A Thousand Miles Away '' . Harrison 's song was recorded twice by Nilsson , to open and close the album .   Another cover version on ... That 's the Way It Is , the calypso `` Zombie Jamboree '' , had previously been recorded by Lord Intruder , Kingston Trio and Harry Belafonte , among others . Nilsson 's medley of the 1963 Doris Troy hit `` Just One Look '' and Van McCoy 's `` Baby I 'm Yours '' was performed as a duet with singer Lynda Laurence . The latter , formerly of the Supremes , was the wife of Nilsson 's producer , Trevor Lawrence .

neg: New York Youth Symphony The New York Youth Symphony , founded in 1963 , is a tuition-free music organization for youth in New York City , widely reputed to be one of the best of its kind in the nation and world . Its programs include its flagship symphony orchestra , Chamber Music program , Jazz Band Classic , Apprentice Conducting , and Making Score ( composition program ) . Its members range from 12 to 22 years of age .   The Youth Symphony is also a leader in classical music with its innovative commissioning program called First Music , established in 1984 , in which young composers under the age of 30 are selected to write works for the programs . Commissions have included composers such as David Lang , Augusta Read Thomas , Julia Wolfe , and Aaron Jay Kernis . Each Orchestra program ( there are three each year ) includes such a world premiere . There is also a First Art commissioning program for young visual artists . NYYS members are said to include the most talented young musicians in the New York area .   The Youth Symphony consists of young musicians from the New York metropolitan area , and has them perform before their careers hit full stride . The orchestra rehearses at Carnegie Hall under the supervision of New York Philharmonic members , and performs at Carnegie Hall , Merkin Hall , and local colleges .

neg: The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 .   The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album .   The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . ''   Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album .   Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .

neg: American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation .   Author William Herberg offers the following definition :   One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' .   In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Concert piece A concert piece ( German : Konzertstück , also Concertstuck ; French : pièce de concert , also morceau de concert ) is a musical composition , in most cases in one movement , intended for performance in a concert . Usually it is written for one or more virtuoso instrumental soloists and orchestral or piano accompaniment .   In some cases concert pieces start with a separate opening movement , or are otherwise in more than one movement or section . A piece that presents itself as a miniature concerto is rather called concertino than concert piece , although in German several such concertinos are known as Konzertstücke . For instance Siegfried Wagner 's Flute Concertino was published as . Incomplete concerto movements by Beethoven and Schubert were retroactively designated as concert pieces . Schumann 's 1841 Fantasia for piano and orchestra , in form similar to Weber 's Konzertstück , was later rewritten and expanded with two further movements into his Piano Concerto Op. 54 . When the soloist is a vocalist , the piece rather belongs to the concert aria genre . Some concert pieces are written for instrumental soloists exclusively , while also concert pieces for orchestra without soloist exist . In this sense as well Chopin 's Allegro de concert for solo piano as Tchaikovsky 's Romeo and Juliet for orchestra can be called concert pieces . A concert overture is an overture which is conceived as a stand-alone concert piece .

neg: Music of Japan The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern . The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 ( ongaku ) , combining the kanji 音 `` on '' ( sound ) with the kanji 楽 `` gaku '' ( enjoy ) . Japan is the largest physical music market in the world , with US$ 2 billion in 2014 and the second largest overall music market , with a total retail value of 2.6 billion dollars in 2014dominated by Japanese artists , with 37 of the top 50 best selling albums and 49 of the top 50 best selling singles in 2014 .   Local music often appears at karaoke venues , which is on lease from the record labels . Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western music as it is often based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing .


query: By 1997, Andre Agassi was number 141 in the world.

pos: Andre Agassi Andre Kirk Agassi ( -LSB- ˈɑːndreɪ_ˈæɡəsi -RSB- born April 29 , 1970 ) is an American retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1 who was one of the sport 's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s . Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time , Agassi has been called the greatest service returner in the history of the game . Described by the BBC upon his retirement as `` perhaps the biggest worldwide star in the sport 's history '' , Agassi compiled performances that , along with his unorthodox apparel and attitude , saw him cited as one of the most charismatic players in the history of the game . As a result , he is credited for helping to revive the popularity of tennis during the 1990s .   In singles tennis , Agassi is an eight-time Grand Slam champion and a 1996 Olympic gold medalist , as well as finishing runner-up in seven other Grand Slam tournaments . During the Open Era , Agassi was the first male player to have won 4 Australian Open titles , a record that was later surpassed by Novak Djokovic when he won his 5th title on 2015 , and then by Roger Federer in 2017 . Agassi is one of five male singles players to achieve the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era and one of eight in history , the first of two to achieve the Career Golden Slam ( Career Grand Slam and Olympic Gold Medal , the other being Rafael Nadal ) , and the only man to win the Career Golden Slam and the ATP Tour World Championships ( won in 1990 ) : a distinction dubbed as a `` Career Super Slam '' by Sports Illustrated .   Agassi was the first male player to win all four Grand Slam tournaments on three different surfaces ( hard , clay and grass ) , and the last American male to win both the French Open ( in 1999 ) and the Australian Open ( in 2003 ) . He also won 17 ATP Masters Series titles and was part of the winning Davis Cup teams in 1990 , 1992 and 1995 . Agassi reached the World No. 1 ranking for the first time in 1995 but was troubled by personal issues during the mid-to-late 1990s and sank to World No. 141 in 1997 , prompting many to believe that his career was over . Agassi returned to World No. 1 in 1999 and enjoyed the most successful run of his career over the next four years . During his 20-plus year tour career , Agassi was known by the nickname `` The Punisher '' .   After suffering from sciatica caused by two bulging discs in his back , a spondylolisthesis ( vertebral displacement ) and a bone spur that interfered with the nerve , Agassi retired from professional tennis on September 3 , 2006 , after losing in the third round of the US Open to Benjamin Becker . He is the founder of the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation , which has raised over $ 60 million for at-risk children in Southern Nevada . In 2001 , the Foundation opened the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas , a K-12 public charter school for at-risk children . He has been married to fellow tennis player Steffi Graf since 2001 .

neg: Michael Andretti Michael Mario Andretti ( born October 5 , 1962 ) is a retired American racing driver , who won the 1991 CART PPG Indy Car World Series . A legend in CART , he drove in the series both before and after his time in Formula One with McLaren , becoming the third most successful driver in CART history with 42 race victories . Since retiring from the cockpit , he runs his own IndyCar team , which runs his son , Marco Andretti , as well as a team in the FIA Formula E Championship . Andretti is the son of Mario Andretti .   He won the 1982 Robert Bosch US Formula Super Vee Championship , and FIA Formula Mondial North American Cup the following season .

neg: Agassi Tennis Generation Agassi Tennis Generation is a tennis sports game , developed by Aqua Pacific and published by DreamCatcher Interactive and Cryo Interactive for the PC , PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance . It was originally released for PC on August 12 , 2002 . The game features former tennis player Andre Agassi .

neg: Greg LeMond Gregory James `` Greg '' LeMond ( born June 26 , 1961 ) is an American former professional road racing cyclist who won the Road Race World Championship twice ( 1983 and 1989 ) and the Tour de France three times ( 1986 , 1989 and 1990 ) . He is also an entrepreneur and anti-doping advocate . LeMond was born in Lakewood , California , and raised in ranch country on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain range , near Reno . He is married and has three children with his wife Kathy , with whom he supports a variety of charitable causes and organizations .   In 1986 , LeMond became the first non-European professional cyclist to win the Tour de France , and he remains the only American cyclist to have won the Tour . LeMond was accidentally shot with multiple pellets while hunting in 1987 and missed the next two Tours . He returned to the 1989 Tour , completing an improbable comeback by winning in dramatic fashion on the race 's final stage . He successfully defended his title the following year , claiming his third and final Tour victory in 1990 , which made LeMond one of only seven riders who have won three or more Tours . He retired from competition in December 1994 . He was inducted into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 1996 .   LeMond was the first American to win the elite Road World Championship , the first professional cyclist to sign a million-dollar contract , and the first cyclist to appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated when the magazine named him as its Sportsman of the Year in 1989 . During his career , LeMond championed several technological advancements in pro cycling , including the introduction of aerodynamic `` triathlon '' handlebars and carbon fiber bicycle frames , which he later marketed through his company LeMond Bicycles . His other business interests have included restaurants , real estate , and consumer fitness equipment .   LeMond is a vocal opponent of performance-enhancing drug use , and at times his commercial ventures have suffered for his anti-doping stance -- as in 2001 , when he first accused Lance Armstrong of doping and sparked a conflict that led eventually to the dissolution of his Lemond Bikes brand in 2008 , which was licensed by Armstrong 's primary sponsor Trek Bicycles . As the lone American winner of cycling 's most prestigious race , LeMond has not enjoyed the public stature that might be expected of such a figure , but he continues to campaign publicly against doping and ineffective leadership by the UCI , the International Federation for Cycling . In December 2012 , LeMond even articulated a willingness to replace the UCI president on an interim basis if called to do so . In December 2013 , the LeMond brand was revived , manufactured in partnership with TIME Sport International .

neg: Super World Court is a tennis arcade game which had been released by Namco in 1992 only in Japan ; it runs on Namco NA-1 hardware , and as the name suggests , it is the sequel to Pro Tennis : World Court which was released four years earlier . It is also the second of the company 's two Japan-exclusive games to feature the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's `` Winners Do n't Use Drugs '' screen in its attract sequence ( as the first was Exvania ) , and at the start of the game , players must select either `` singles '' ( 1P vs CPU/2P ) or `` doubles '' ( 1P & CPU/2P vs 3P/CPU & 4P/CPU ) - they will then have to select one of sixteen new players ( seven male , six female , and three animal/robot , as none of the original 's players survived the transition from 5121 to 4096 colours ) and select one of the four new courts ( USA hard , France clay , GB grass , and Namco funny , the last of which must be the equivalent of Japan ) . The players must then decide whether they want their match to be one or three sets long ; the company 's signature character , Pac-Man , also makes a cameo appearance upon the Namco court ( in fact , there are five of him in the screenshot to the right , playing the parts of ball boys , and if the players hit the two on the sides of the court , who pick up the ball when it hits the net , they will fly across the court while shouting `` NO ! '' , but will reappear on the other side of it the next time a point is scored , and this also applies to the regular ball boys on the other courts ) . Also , whenever a player scores a point , the text `` NICE SHOT '' will appear under a portrait of their chosen player , and there 's also a timer that counts down from a maximum of 360 seconds ( depending on how the cabinet has been set ) in the top-right corner of the screen ; if it has run out by the time a set has been won , the players will have to insert another coin within ten seconds if they wish to continue playing , because if they do not , the losing player ( or team , if three or four players ) shall immediately forfeit the game .

neg: Rafael Nadal Rafael `` Rafa '' Nadal Parera ( -LSB- rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə -RSB- , -LSB- rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa -RSB- ; born 3 June 1986 ) is a Spanish professional tennis player . He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history , and owing to his dominance and success on the surface , he has been called `` The King of Clay '' . His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history , with some considering Nadal to be the greatest male player of all time .   Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles , the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles , an all-time record of 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles , tied with Novak Djokovic , and a record 18 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments . He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , and 2011 . In 2010 , he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24 . He is the second male player , after Andre Agassi , to complete the singles Career Golden Slam . In 2011 , Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour .   Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces -- hard court , grass , and clay . By winning the 2014 French Open , Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times ( Martina Navratilova 9 , Margaret Court 11 ) and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years , breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg , Pete Sampras , and Roger Federer . By winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 , Nadal became the only male player in the open era to win a tournament eight consecutive times . Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and at least one Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005 -- 2014 . He beat Guillermo Vilas 's Open Era record of 49 clay-court titles by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . Nadal became the first man to win the same tournament 10 times by wining the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . He repeated this historic achievement by winning the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell for a 10th time just a few weeks later .

neg: French Open The French Open , often referred to as Roland-Garros ( -LSB- ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs -RSB- ) , is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris , France . Named after the French aviator Roland Garros , it is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual Grand Slam tournaments , the other three being the Australian Open , Wimbledon and the US Open . Roland Garros is currently the only major held on clay , and it is the zenith of the spring clay court season . Because of the seven rounds needed for a championship , the slow-playing surface and the best-of-five-set men 's singles matches ( without a tiebreak in the final set ) , the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world .

neg: Robert Fahey Robert Leo Fahey ( born 30 April 1968 , in Hobart , Tasmania ) , nicknamed `` Bag '' , is an Australian real tennis player and the former World Champion of the sport , holding the title from 16 March 1994 to 21 May 2016 .   On 27 April 2006 , at the Oratory Tennis Club in Woodcote , South Oxfordshire , he matched the great Pierre Etchebaster 's feat of seven consecutive defenses of the real tennis singles World Championship . The defence was against Tim Chisholm in the latter 's third consecutive challenge . In May 2008 he again successfully defended his title , thus breaking Etchebaster 's record , against Camden Riviere on the historic court at Fontainebleau Palace , France , winning 7 sets to 5 ( 6/1 3/6 5/6 6/4 , 6/2 6/3 5/6 6/0 , 6/1 2/6 1/6 6/5 ) . In May 2010 he retained his title for a record ninth time , defeating Steve Virgona 7 sets to 2 . In April 2012 he retained his title for the 10th consecutive time , again defeating Steve Virgona 7 sets to 3 ( 6/5 3/6 6/1 6/3 6/4 6/3 3/6 5/6 6/2 6/3 ) . He successfully defended his title in May 2014 , at the Royal Melbourne Tennis Club , for the eleventh time , defeating Camden Riviere seven sets to three .   In 2000 and 2001 he won back-to-back Grand Slams , and a third in 2008 . In 2003 ( Hobart ) , partnered with Steve Virgona , he won the World Doubles Championship ; the pair successfully defended the title in 2005 ( Fontainebleau ) , 2007 ( Boston ) , 2009 ( Seacourt - Hayling Island ) and 2011 ( RMTC - Melbourne ) .   A portrait of Fahey by Rupert Alexander was shortlisted for the BP Portrait Award 2012 .   Fahey was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to sport .

neg: 142 (number) 142 ( one hundred -LSB- and -RSB- forty-two ) is the natural number following 141 and preceding 143 .

neg: André Sá André Rezende Sá ( born 6 May 1977 ) is a professional Brazilian tennis player . In singles , he was a Wimbledon quarterfinalist in 2002 and has reached a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 17 , winning 11 doubles titles . Sá reached the semifinals of ATP tournaments Memphis and Hong Kong in 2000 and 2001 respectively .

neg: 2002 Hamburg Masters The 2002 Hamburg Masters was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 96th edition of the Hamburg Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2002 ATP Tour . It took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg in Germany from 13 May through 19 May 2002 .   The men 's singles event field was headlined by World no. 1 Lleyton Hewitt . Other top seeds competing were ( in order ) Gustavo Kuerten , Juan Carlos Ferrero and Yevgeny Kafelnikov . Ninth-seeded Andre Agassi withdrew just before the tournament and was replaced by lucky loser Fernando Meligeni . Roger Federer , seeded 11th , won the singles title .

neg: Cédric Vasseur Cédric Vasseur ( born August 18 , 1970 in Hazebrouck , Nord ) is a French former professional road racing cyclist . He was born in Hazebrouck , France , and currently resides in Lille with his wife and young son . From 2001 until 2005 , he was part of the French professional cycling team Cofidis , often as the captain on the road , and then moved to the Belgian team Quick Step-Innergetic .   Vasseur turned professional with the team Novemail in 1995 , and switched to the GAN team in 1996 which then became Crédit Agricole in 1997 . His first professional victory is also his most famous : it was his solo 147-kilometre breakaway by which he won stage 5 of the 1997 Tour de France . He then wore the yellow jersey as the race leader for five days .   In the 2000 and 2001 seasons , he rode for the U.S. Postal team and participated in the 2000 Tour de France . However , his exclusion from the 2001 Tour de France team led to his switch to the Cofidis team . He cited personal differences with the USPS team star Lance Armstrong , which was widely quoted in French cycling publications . In the wake of the publication of the USADA memo that proves Lance Armstrong doping practices , he explained that he was excluded because of his refusal to participate in Armstrong 's doping program . ( `` Inutile de rappeler que je n'ai rien à voir dans cette organisation à qui je dois fort probablement ma non-participation au Tour 2001 ainsi que mon éviction de l'équipe . '' )   In 2004 , Vasseur was arrested in suspicion of doping offences along with several other Cofidis riders , notably including then individual time trial champion David Millar . A counter-analysis later proved negative and Vasseur 's name was then cleared . Vasseur also claimed some of the evidence in his witness statement had been forged . However , Vasseur was barred from riding in the 2004 Tour de France since the investigation had not concluded by the time that the race had started .   Vasseur came from a family of cyclists : his father Alain Vasseur competed in the 1970 , 71 and 74 editions of the Tour de France . His father also won a stage of the Tour de France after a solo breakaway .   Vasseur is considered an all-rounder who can do well in a variety of races . He has raced through all of the spring classics such as Tour of Flanders and Paris -- Roubaix , and has won a stage of the Dauphiné Libéré stage race .

neg: 147 (number) 147 ( one hundred -LSB- and -RSB- forty-seven ) is the natural number following 146 and preceding 148 .

neg: Novak Djokovic Novak Djokovic ( Новак Ђоковић , Novak Đoković , -LSB- nôʋaːk d͡ʑôːkoʋit͡ɕ -RSB- ; born 22 May 1987 ) , often referred to by the hypocorism Nole , is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 2 in men 's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) . He is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time . Djokovic holds the highest match winning rate ( 82.8 % ) in the Open Era , as of May 2017 .   Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles , the fourth most in history , and held the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks . In majors , Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles , three Wimbledon titles , two US Open titles and one French Open title . In 2016 , he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam ; by winning the 2016 French Open , Djokovic became the third man to hold all four major titles at once , the first since Rod Laver in 1969 , and the first ever to do so on three different surfaces .   Djokovic has won an all-time record of 30 Masters 1000 series titles , tied with Rafael Nadal . Djokovic 's records include breaking the single-season record with six masters titles in 2015 , winning 31 consecutive ATP World Tour Masters 1000 series matches , playing in the finals at all nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments ( shared with Roger Federer and Nadal , and being the only player to win eight of the nine events ( and at least twice ) . Among other titles , he has won the ATP World Tour Finals five times and was on the Serbian team which won the 2010 Davis Cup . He also won the Bronze medal in men 's singles at the 2008 Summer Olympics .   Djokovic is the first Serbian player to be ranked No. 1 by the ATP and the first male player representing Serbia to win a Grand Slam singles title . Djokovic has won numerous awards , including the 2012 , 2015 , and 2016 Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year , 2011 BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year , five-time ITF World Champion , and four-time ATP year-end number 1 . He is a recipient of the Order of St. Sava , the Order of Karađorđe 's Star and the Order of the Republika Srpska .

neg: 1991 Australian Grand Prix The 1991 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 November 1991 at the Adelaide Street Circuit . It was the 16th and final race of the 1991 Formula One World Championship . Torrential rain resulted in the race being stopped after 16 of the scheduled 81 laps had been completed . Confusion caused the official results to be declared from the end of the 14th lap . It holds the record for being the shortest Formula One race ever held .   The race was won by Ayrton Senna , with Nigel Mansell in second position , and Gerhard Berger 's third-place finish plus Senna 's victory meant that the McLaren team clinched the Constructor 's championship . Mansell was unable to take part in the post race podium ceremony , following a crash at the end of the race that left him requiring hospital treatment . Gerhard Berger , Senna 's McLaren teammate , finished in third position . Because less than seventy-five percent of the scheduled race distance had been completed , only half the normal World Championship points were awarded . This was also the final Formula One race for three time World Champion Nelson Piquet . It was the 60th pole position for Ayrton Senna .

neg: Chip Ganassi Floyd `` Chip '' Ganassi Jr. ( born May 24 , 1958 ) is a former American racing driver , current team owner and member of the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America . He has been involved with the North American auto racing scene for over 30 years and is considered one of the most successful as well as innovative owners ever . He is the only team owner in history to have won the Indianapolis 500 , the Daytona 500 , the Brickyard 400 , the Rolex 24 at Daytona , the 12 Hours of Sebring and most recently the 24 Hours of Le Mans - six of the seven biggest races in the world .   He is currently the owner and CEO of Chip Ganassi Racing which operates teams in the IndyCar Series , NASCAR Sprint Cup Series , and Tudor United SportsCar Championship , World Endurance Championship and in Global Rally Cross . Overall , he runs 14 cars with 18 drivers across six different touring Series .

neg: 1990 Spanish Grand Prix The 1990 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 30 September 1990 at Jerez . It was the 31st Spanish Grand Prix and the fifth and last time the Grand Prix was held at the Jerez circuit before moving to a new larger facility near Barcelona in Catalunya , though it was not the last time Formula One raced here ; F1 returned twice in the 1990s for a race titled the European Grand Prix .   Ferrari drivers dominated the race with reigning world champion Alain Prost leading his teammate Nigel Mansell home by 22 seconds for a 1-2 finish . British Team Lotus driver Martin Donnelly had a horrific crash during Friday practice at the very fast Turn 14 ; the seat of his Lotus 102 broke free and was flung clear of the wreck . Donnelly received serious injuries that took months of recovery , bringing an end to his Formula One career , although he later returned to racing . Team Lotus decided not to retire from the race , and Derek Warwick was close to the point-scoring positions when he became the race 's final retirement on lap 63 with a broken gearbox in the other Lotus 102 .   The race also turned out to be the last race of Alessandro Nannini 's Formula One career . Nannini claimed the final podium position of the race in his Benetton B190 , the ninth podium of his career , finishing ahead of the Williams pair of Thierry Boutsen and Riccardo Patrese . One week after the race , his right arm was severed in a helicopter accident . Nannini recovered and returned to racing as a touring car driver .   At the start of the race , Gerhard Berger , desperate to move up from his fifth place on the grid , gave Jean Alesi no room , resulting in Alesi moving to the outside , where he was hit and put out of the race by Riccardo Patrese .   The Larrousse-Lola of Aguri Suzuki claimed the final championship point of the race , continuing an encouraging season for the French team . It was an encouraging race for another French team , Yannick Dalmas and Gabriele Tarquini both qualified in AGS JH25s in a first for the team , but AGS never again got two cars onto a Formula One grid . Dalmas finished in ninth position , the highlight of the season for the small French team . The ninth-placed finish saved the team from pre-qualifying for the first half of 1991 as it moved them up to a crucial 14th place in the Constructors Championship . As a consequence , Scuderia Italia dropped into pre-qualifying , as they failed to finish higher than 10th all season .   McLaren driver Ayrton Senna 's lap 53 retirement with a failed radiator reduced his lead in the world championship over Prost to nine points with just the Japanese and Australian Grands Prix remaining in the season .

neg: Adílson Rodrigues José Adílson `` Maguila '' Rodrigues dos Santos ( born September 2 , 1958 in Aracaju , Sergipe , Brazil ) is a former Brazilian heavyweight boxer . He scored 61 knockouts with 43 of those coming under 5 rounds . Rodrigues currently resides in São Paulo , São Paulo , where he is treating for Alzheimer 's disease originated from dementia pugilistica . His nickname in Brazil , Maguila , comes from the cartoon Magilla Gorilla .   Rodrigues is a former World Boxing Foundation ( WBF ) heavyweight champion , and held the South American title for 14 straight years , from 1986 to 2000 .

neg: Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . ''   Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations .   Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation .   In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues .   `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .

neg: 141 (number) 141 ( one hundred -LSB- and -RSB- forty-one ) is the natural number following 140 and preceding 142 .

neg: Alpinestars Alpinestars is a manufacturer of technical , high performance protective gear for motorcycle and auto racing ( MotoGP , Motocross , Formula One , WEC and NASCAR ) , as well as action sports such as mountain Biking and surfing . Alpinestars also makes motorsports-themed , non-sports clothing , with fashion design centers in California and Italy .   The company 's name comes from the English translation of the Italian mountain flower Stella Alpina which grows high in the mountains around the area where the company was founded .   Founded in 1963 by Sante Mazzarolo in Asolo , Italy , the company started out making hiking and ski boots , but quickly shifted its focus to making boots for motocross racing , and road racing boots shortly thereafter . They sponsored motorsport world champions such as Roger DeCoster , Kenny Roberts , Mick Doohan and Marc Márquez . During the 1990s the company branched out into manufacturing all types of technical protective gear for motorcycling such as gloves , jackets , and full leather suits .   The company has been headed by Sante 's son , Gabriele Mazzarolo , since 1993 . There are offices in Los Angeles and Tokyo while the original headquarters and main research & development facility remain in Northern Italy .   Alpinestars leather suits and protective gear are worn MotoGP World Champions Marc Márquez , Casey Stoner and Jorge Lorenzo , and World Superbike Champions Ben Spies and Troy Corser . Alpinestars ' motocross gear is used by AMA and World Motocross champions Marvin Musquin , Tyla Rattray , David Philippaerts , Christophe Pourcel , and Ryan Villopoto .   In 2011 Alpinestars developed the Tech Air Race System , an electronic airbag safety system that uses a data logging unit and dual charge inflation module . It was used in the MotoGP and World Superbike championships and was intended to eventually be worn by street riders . In June 2013 Marc Márquez crashed at a speed of around 337 km/h ( 209 mph ) while wearing the airbag suit and did not sustain serious injuries .   Alpinestars developed flame and heat retardant Nomex suits , footwear , gloves , and underwear for Formula One and NASCAR , which has been worn by recent champions Michael Schumacher , Jenson Button , Fernando Alonso and Jimmie Johnson . Top Gear 's the Stig wears a white Alpinestars race suit , shoes and gloves .   Alpinestars made mountain bikes until 1996 .