query: Warren Buffett was born in a state.

pos: Omaha, Nebraska Omaha ( -LSB- ˈoʊməhɑː -RSB- ) is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County . Omaha is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River , about 10 mi north of the mouth of the Platte River . Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area , which includes Council Bluffs , Iowa , across the Missouri River from Omaha . According to the 2010 census , Omaha 's population was 408,958 , making it the nation 's 43rd-largest city . According to the 2014 Population Estimates , Omaha 's population was 446,599 . Including its suburbs , Omaha formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2013 , with an estimated population of 895,151 residing in eight counties . The Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont , Nebraska-IA Combined Statistical Area is 931,667 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau 's 2013 estimate . There are nearly 1.3 million residents within the Greater Omaha area , comprising a 50-mile ( 80 km ) radius of Downtown Omaha , the city 's center .   Omaha 's pioneer period began in 1854 , when the city was founded by speculators from neighboring Council Bluffs , Iowa . The city was founded along the Missouri River , and a crossing called Lone Tree Ferry earned the city its nickname , the `` Gateway to the West '' . Omaha introduced this new West to the world in 1898 , when it played host to the World 's Fair , dubbed the Trans-Mississippi Exposition . During the 19th century , Omaha 's central location in the United States spurred the city to become an important national transportation hub . Throughout the rest of the 19th century , the transportation and jobbing sectors were important in the city , along with its railroads and breweries . In the 20th century , the Omaha Stockyards , once the world 's largest , and its meatpacking plants gained international prominence .   Today , Omaha is the home to the headquarters of four Fortune 500 companies : mega-conglomerate Berkshire Hathaway ; one of the world 's largest construction companies , Kiewit Corporation ; insurance and financial firm Mutual of Omaha ; and the United States ' largest railroad operator , Union Pacific Corporation . Berkshire Hathaway is headed by local investor Warren Buffett , one of the richest people in the world , according to a decade 's worth of Forbes Magazine rankings , some of which have ranked him as high as No. 1 . Omaha is also the home to five Fortune 1000 headquarters : Green Plains Renewable Energy , TD Ameritrade , Valmont Industries , Werner Enterprises , and West Corporation . Also headquartered in Omaha are First National Bank of Omaha , the largest privately held bank in the United States ; three of the nation 's largest 10 architecture/engineering firms : DLR Group , HDR , Inc. , and Leo A Daly ; the Gallup Organization , of Gallup Poll fame ; and its riverfront Gallup University . Enron began in Omaha as Northern Natural Gas in 1930 , before taking over a smaller Houston company in 1985 to form InterNorth , which Kenneth Lay moved permanently to Houston , in 1987 .   The modern economy of Omaha is diverse and built on skilled knowledge jobs . In 2009 , Forbes identified Omaha as the nation 's number one `` Best Bang-For-The Buck City '' and ranked it number one on `` America 's Fastest-Recovering Cities '' list . Tourism in Omaha benefits the city 's economy greatly , with the annual College World Series and Triple Crown SlumpBuster providing important revenue and the city 's Henry Doorly Zoo serving as the top attraction in Nebraska as well as being named the best zoo in the world by Trip Advisor in 2014 . Omaha hosted the U.S. Olympic swim trials in 2008 , 2012 , 2016 , and will host them again in 2020 .   Notable modern Omaha inventions include : the bobby pin and the `` pink hair curler '' , at Omaha 's Tip Top ; Butter Brickle Ice Cream and the Reuben sandwich , conceived by a chef at the then-Blackstone Hotel on 36th and Farnam Streets ; cake mix , developed by Duncan Hines , then a division of Omaha 's Nebraska Consolidated Mills , the forerunner to today 's ConAgra Foods ; center-pivot irrigation by the Omaha company now known as Valmont Corporation ; Raisin Bran , developed by Omaha 's Skinner Macaroni Co. ; the ski lift , in 1936 , by Omaha 's Union Pacific Corp ; the `` Top 40 '' radio format , pioneered by Todd Storz , scion of Omaha 's Storz Brewing Co. , and head of Storz Broadcasting , which was the first in the U.S. to use the `` Top 40 '' format at Omaha 's KOWH Radio ; and the TV dinner , developed by Omaha 's Carl Swanson Co. .

pos: Warren Buffett Warren Edward Buffett ( -LSB- ˈbʌfᵻt -RSB- born August 30 , 1930 ) is an American business magnate , investor , and philanthropist . He is considered by some to be one of the most successful investors in the world , and as of March 2017 is the second wealthiest person in the United States , and the fourth wealthiest in the world , with a total net worth of $ 73.3 billion .   Born in Omaha , Buffett developed an interest in business and investing in his youth , eventually entering the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1947 before transferring and graduating from University of Nebraska -- Lincoln . After graduating at 19 , Buffett enrolled at Columbia Business School of Columbia University , learning and eventually creating his investment philosophy around a concept pioneered by Benjamin Graham -- value investing . He attended New York Institute of Finance to specialize his economics background and soon after began various business partnerships , including one with Graham . After meeting Charlie Munger , Buffett created the Buffett Partnership . His firm would eventually acquire a textile manufacturing firm called Berkshire Hathaway and assume its name to create a diversified holding company .   Buffett has been the chairman and largest shareholder of Berkshire Hathaway since 1970 , and his business exploits have had him referred to as the `` Wizard '' , `` Oracle '' or `` Sage '' of Omaha by global media outlets . He is noted for his adherence to value investing and for his personal frugality despite his immense wealth .   Buffett is a notable philanthropist , having pledged to give away 99 percent of his fortune to philanthropic causes , primarily via the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . In 2009 , with Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg , Warren founded The Giving Pledge , whereby billionaires pledge to give away at least half of their fortunes .   He is also active in contributing to political causes , having endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election ; he has publicly opposed the policies , actions , and statements of the current U.S. president , Donald Trump .

neg: Warren Littlefield Warren W. Littlefield ( born May 11 , 1952 , Montclair , New Jersey ) is an American television executive . He graduated from Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva , New York , and was awarded a BA in Psychology .

neg: Citizens Financial Group Several banks are commonly known as Citizens Bank .   Citizens Financial Group , Inc. is an American bank headquartered in Providence , Rhode Island , which operates in the states of Connecticut , Delaware , Massachusetts , Michigan , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , Ohio , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island and Vermont .   Between 1988 and its 2014 initial public offering , Citizens was a wholly owned subsidiary of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group . RBS sold its remaining 20.9 % stake in the company in October 2015 .   Citizens operates more than 1,200 branches and approximately 3,200 ATMs across 11 states under the Citizens Bank brand .   Citizens ranks 20th on the List of largest banks in the United States .

neg: Seaboard Corporation Seaboard Corporation is a diverse multinational agribusiness and transportation conglomerate with integrated operations in several industries . In the United States , the company mainly engages in pork production and processing and ocean transportation . Internationally , Seaboard is primarily engaged in commodity merchandising , grain processing , sugar production and electrical power generation .  The parent company , Seaboard Corporation based in Merriam , Kansas , operates Seaboard Foods , Seaboard Marine , Seaboard Overseas & Trading Group ( SOTG ) , Tabacal Agroindustria , Transcontinental Capital Corporation , Ltd. ( TCCB ) , Mount Dora Farms , and has 50 % non-controlling interest in Butterball , LLC . Its principal operating divisions are Pork , Commodity Trading and Milling , Marine , Sugar and Power .   Seaboard Corporation 's subsidiaries and affiliates employ more than 23,000 people in more than 45 different countries , mostly in the U.S. , Latin America and Africa . With net sales of approximately $ 6.67 billion annually , Seaboard Corporation is # 387 on the 2014 Fortune 500 list . Stock is traded on the NYSE MKT under the symbol SEB .

neg: John Q. A. Brackett John Quincy Adams Brackett ( June 8 , 1842 -- April 6 , 1918 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts . A Republican and temperance advocate , he served one term as the 36th Governor of Massachusetts , from 1890 to 1891 . Born in New Hampshire and educated at Harvard , he practiced law in Boston before entering politics .   In the Massachusetts House of Representatives , Brackett rose to become Speaker in 1885 , and was elected Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Governor Oliver Ames . He succeeded Ames , but his bid for reelection in 1891 was ended by strict enforcement of restrictive liquor laws , and by the negative economic effects on the state of the McKinley Tariff . He was a delegate to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917 -- 1918 , but died before it ended .

neg: Richard H. Balch Richard Horrocks Balch ( March 2 , 1901 - March 15 , 1984 ) was an upstate New York businessman and political figure .   He was born on March 2 , 1901 in Brooklyn , New York and graduated from Utica Free Academy in 1917 . He was a 1921 graduate of Williams College , and a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity .   From 1927 to 1942 Balch was Vice President of the Horrocks-Ibbotson Company , the world 's largest fishing tackle manufacturer , and he was President of the company from 1942 until his 1968 retirement .   He was a civic activist , serving on Utica 's Board of Education , Water Resources Board , Red Cross , and Chamber of Commerce , and was a founder of Utica College . Balch was also a leader of the Oneida County group that carried out a successful effort in the 1940s and 1950s to attract new industry to the area to replace textiles mills that had relocated to the southern states .   Balch was active in the Democratic party , attending several conventions as an alternate or delegate , including the national conventions of 1940 ( alternate ) , 1944 , 1948 , 1952 and 1964 . In 1943 he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Mayor of Utica , and in 1944 he was elected Chairman of the city 's Democratic committee .   At the New York state election , 1950 , he was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor , losing with gubernatorial candidate Walter A. Lynch to the Republican ticket of Thomas E. Dewey and Frank C. Moore .   In 1952 , Balch headed W. Averell Harriman 's campaign for President of the United States . Balch managed the Harriman effort at the 1952 Democratic National Convention in Chicago , and his candidate was in fourth place with 123 delegates when he withdrew in favor of Adlai Stevenson , who went on to obtain the nomination .   Balch was elected Chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee in 1952 , holding the post until 1955 . Balch was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for governor in the New York state election , 1954 , but withdrew before the party convention that selected Harriman as its candidate . Balch guided almost the entire Democratic ticket to victory that November , including Harriman as governor , George B. DeLuca as lieutenant governor , and Arthur Levitt as State Comptroller . The only Democrat to lose statewide was Franklin D. Roosevelt , Jr. , who ran unsuccessfully for attorney general against Jacob Javits .   From 1955 to 1960 Balch served as a member of the New York State Public Service Commission .   He died at St. Luke 's Memorial Hospital Center in New Hartford , New York on March 15 , 1984 .

neg: United States presidential election in Connecticut, 1924 The 1924 United States Presidential Election in Connecticut took place on November 4 , 1924 as part of the 1924 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states . Voters chose seven representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Connecticut voted for the Republican nominee , incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts , over the Democratic nominee , Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia . Coolidge ran with former Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois , while Davis ran with Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska . Also in the running that year was the Progressive Party nominee , Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin and his running mate Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana . La Follette 's support base was primarily among rural German and Scandinavian Americans , and he possessed little appeal in the Northeast outside a few New York and Boston anti-Prohibition precincts .   Coolidge won Connecticut by a margin of 34.01 percent . His victory was also enjoyed a unique personal popularity which helped him in the state and the rest of New England . He was the epitome of a traditional New England Yankee , having been born in the small-town of Plymouth Notch , Vermont , and establishing his political career nearby as Governor of Massachusetts . Thus Coolidge remained especially popular with voters across the New England region .

neg: Julius Eckhardt Raht Julius Eckhardt Raht ( June 26 , 1826 - August 15 , 1879 ) was a mining engineer , entrepreneur , and businessman who pioneered the mining and smelting of copper in Eastern Tennessee and reputedly became the richest man in the state .   Raht was born in Dillenburg , Duchy of Nassau ( today a town in the Lahn-Dill-Kreis in the state of Hesse , Germany ) . The son of an appellate judge , Raht attended the University of Bonn , 1844-45 , and then the University of Berlin , 1845-47 , where he studied `` chemistry , mineralogy , etc. etc. '' After the failed German revolution of 1848 , Raht immigrated to the United States in 1850 and became a citizen in 1853 .   Raht worked for short periods in Missouri , Dubuque , Iowa , and Wisconsin before taking charge of mining at Harpers Ferry , Leesburg , and Jamestown , Virginia , and Guilford County , North Carolina . By 1854 , he decided that the best opportunity to make his fortune lay in the copper mining industry near Ducktown , Tennessee , in the extreme southeastern corner of the state . After a brief trip to Germany to marry Mithilde Dombois , Raht became `` captain '' of a mining operation . Six years later he was chief of operations of all the mines and smelting works at Ducktown and had already purchased a farm and mule teams for copper hauling . He also engaged in what was to become his most profitable enterprise , running commissaries for the miners . As his biographer has written , Raht was `` spirited , methodical , ambitious , honest ... no less a stern taskmaster in his own behalf than he was a loyal employee of those in whose interests he served . '' Soon he was wealthy enough to lend money to his erstwhile employers .   Early in the Civil War , the Confederate government effectively confiscated the Ducktown mines . Raht at first continued to operate them in an attempt to protect the investments of the owners in New York and New Orleans ; but in 1863 , after he was forced to purchase a Confederate army substitute and Federal troops destroyed the rail facilities and copper rolling mill in nearby Cleveland , Raht crossed the lines to live out the remainder of the war in Cincinnati , where there was a significant German community .   Following the war , Raht once again operated the Ducktown mines , personally financing much of the necessary repairs , but he maintained his home and office in Cleveland . He founded the Cleveland National Bank and became manager of the Ocoee Turnpike and Plank Road Co. , a transportation route needed to move copper to the nearest railroad . Raht had hidden some copper in the mines during the war , and he managed to produce more than a million pounds of copper during the first year of peace . He also built new smelters using innovative methods developed by his brothers , including steam engines and diamond and compressed air drills . Nevertheless , falling copper prices , lower quality ore , and the lack of a rail connection culminated in the temporary closing of the mines in 1878 . As the local mining industry was dying , shareholders of the United Consolidated Mining Company unsuccessfully sued Raht believing that his great wealth must have been created from their loss . `` The truth was much simpler . He made his fortune legally by running a commissary business to supply food and sundries to the miners , and then by making shrewd investments of his profits throughout Ducktown and eastern Tennessee . ''   Raht and his wife had twelve children , six sons and two daughters surviving to maturity . Raht made numerous donations to charitable causes , especially churches and schools . Officially a Republican , he was `` more interested in politics as a science of attaining desired ends than in politics as the term is more commonly understood . '' Though a nominal Lutheran , he was not a church goer . A lover of the table , Raht 's `` voracious appetite transformed his stocky and powerful figure into one of commanding rotundity . '' He died suddenly of a heart attack on August 15 , 1879 .

neg: U.S. State Non-resident Withholding Tax U.S. State Nonresident Withholding Tax is a mandatory prepayment of tax of individuals or entities that are not resident in the state . A common example of this is the taxation of oil and natural gas royalty interest revenue . In order to ensure that the state receives a portion of the revenue from oil and gas leases within the state , any payments made to an address outside of the state require that a tax be withheld and paid directly to the state .   States that have enacted such laws include , but are not limited to :  Oklahoma  New Mexico  Utah  California  Oregon  Montana  North Carolina  Wisconsin   A majority of states with income taxes impose similar requirements on partnerships ( including LLCs ) and S corporations with nonresident partners or shareholders . All states with income taxes impose a similar withholding obligation on wages paid to nonresidents by businesses operating within the state .   The taxes withheld must be treated as prepaid taxes , with final taxes imposed at the same rate and under the same computations for residents and nonresidents .

neg: George DeGraw Moore George DeGraw Moore ( February 11 , 1822 -- October 13 , 1891 ) was an American politician , lawyer , and jurist .   Born in Caldwell , New Jersey , Moore received his law degree from Union College in New York City and studied law in a law office in Newark , New Jersey . Moore settled in Prairie du Sac , Wisconsin . He served in the Wisconsin State Senate in 1850 and 1851 . In 1851 , Moore moved to Urbana , Ohio . In 1856 , Moore moved back to Newark , New Jersey . From 1869 to 1879 , he served as surrogate for Essex County , New Jersey . He also served on the first board of directors of Prudential Life Insurance .

neg: Merrimack Valley The Merrimack Valley is a bi-state region along the Merrimack River in the U.S. states of New Hampshire and Massachusetts , United States . The Merrimack is one of the larger waterways in the New England region and has helped define the livelihood and culture of those living along it since native times .   Major cities in the Merrimack Valley include Concord , Manchester and Nashua in New Hampshire , as well as Lowell , Lawrence and Haverhill in Massachusetts . The Merrimack Valley was a major center of the textile industry in America during the 19th century .

neg: Music of New Hampshire New Hampshire is a state of the United States , located in the New England region . It is home to several professional performing institutions , including the more than 90-year-old fully professional Symphony New Hampshire ( known from 1923-2012 as the Nashua Symphony ) based out of Nashua , and the community-based New Hampshire Philharmonic .   The state of New Hampshire is unusual for having nine state songs .

neg: Warren A. Haggott Warren Armstrong Haggott ( May 18 , 1864 -- April 29 , 1958 ) was a U.S. Representative from Colorado .   Born near Sidney , Ohio , Haggott attended the common schools , Sidney Grammar School , and Xenia ( Ohio ) College .  He was graduated from Valparaiso ( Indiana ) College in 1886 .  He taught school in Dallas County , Texas , in 1886 and 1887 .  He moved to Idaho Springs , Colorado , in 1887 .  He taught school in Russell Gulch , Gilpin County , in 1887 and 1888 .  He was the school principal in Black Hawk in 1888 and 1889 .   He was the superintendent of public schools at Idaho Springs , Colorado from 1890 to 1899 .  He studied law .  He was admitted to the bar in 1892 and commenced practice in 1899 at Idaho Springs , Colorado .  He served as the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado from 1902 to 1903 .  He served as chairman of the Republican State convention in 1904 .   Haggott was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth Congress ( March 4 , 1907 -- March 3 , 1909 ) .  He was an unsuccessful candidate in 1908 for reelection to the Sixty-first Congress .  He moved to Denver , Colorado in 1911 .  He served as judge of the district court of the second judicial district of Colorado in 1921 and 1922 .  He served as president of Vermillion Oil Co. from 1925 to 1944 .  He resumed the practice of law until his retirement in 1951 .  He died in Denver , Colorado , April 29 , 1958 and was buried in Fairmount Cemetery in Denver .

neg: Norwegian Dakotan A Norwegian Dakotan is a Norwegian American ( a person with Norwegian ancestry ) in the U. S. states of North and South Dakota . One in three of all North Dakotans is of Norwegian heritage , which is the highest among all U.S. states . South Dakota is number three , behind Minnesota . The immigrants settled primarily between 1870 and 1920 .   As of 2009 , 312,697 Dakotans claim Norwegian ancestry , 21.4 % of the region 's population ( 30.8 % of North Dakota 's population and 14.0 % of South Dakota 's population ) , or 6.7 % of the total Norwegian American population .

neg: Dutch Americans Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from The Netherlands in the recent or distant past . Whether intentional or not , they usually maintain connections with their Dutch heritage , by having , for example , a Dutch surname or belonging to a Dutch community group . Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam , which was exchanged with the British for the current Suriname at the treaty of Breda ( 1667 ) and renamed New York City . The British split the Dutch colony of New Netherlands into two pieces , and named them New York and New Jersey . Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries .   According to the 2013 American Community Survey , an estimated 4.5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage . Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan , California , Montana , Minnesota , New York , Wisconsin , Idaho , Utah , Iowa , Ohio , West Virginia , and Pennsylvania .

neg: George B. Burrows George B. Burrows ( October 20 , 1832 -- February 25 , 1909 ) was an American businessman and politician .   Born in Springfield , Vermont , Burrows moved to Sauk City , Wisconsin in 1858 and was a banker . In 1865 , he moved to Madison , Wisconsin and was in the real estate business . Burrows served in the Wisconsin State Senate from the 25th district from 1877 to 1882 and was president pro temp in 1882 . In 1895 , Burrows served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and served as Assembly speaker . He was a Republican . Burrows died in Madison , Wisconsin .

neg: Western Massachusetts Western Massachusetts is a region in Massachusetts , one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States . Western Massachusetts has diverse topography ; 22 universities , with approximately 100,000 university students ; and such institutions as Tanglewood , Springfield Armory , and Jacob 's Pillow .   The western part of Western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains , where there are several vacation resorts . The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley , which has a number of university towns , the major city Springfield , and numerous agricultural hamlets . In the eastern part of the area , the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation .

neg: Charles Clapp (judge) Charles E. Clapp , II ( December 25 , 1923 -- June 16 , 2004 ) was a judge of the United States Tax Court .   Born in Newton , Massachusetts , Clapp attended public schools in Dedham , Massachusetts , and Deerfield Academy , Deerfield , Massachusetts . He received a B.A. from Williams College in 1945 , and an LL.B . from Harvard Law School in 1949 . He was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1949 , the Rhode Island Bar in 1956 , and the Florida Bar in 1982 . Clapp served as an officer in the United States Navy in the Pacific Theater during World War II . He then practiced law in Boston with the firm of Richardson , Wolcott , Tyler , and Fassett until he was recalled to active service in the Navy in 1950 , serving in the Korean War until 1952 , and retiring with the rank of Lieutenant in 1953 .   From 1952 to 1955 Clapp was an attorney-adviser to Tax Court Judge J. Edgar Murdock in Washington , D.C. . In 1955 , he joined the law firm of Edwards and Angell in Providence , Rhode Island , became a member of the firm in 1959 , and later was Senior Tax Partner . President Ronald Reagan appointed Clapp to the Tax Court in 1983 . Clapp formally retired on December 26 , 1993 , but continued to serve in senior status until March 31 , 1998 . He died peacefully at his home in Duxbury , Massachusetts , after a long illness .   Clapp was a member of the American , Rhode Island , and Florida Bar Associations , and of the Executive Committee of the Federal Tax Institute of New England . He was co-founder of the Federal Tax Forum of Rhode Island ; and a member of the Advisory Committee , University of Rhode Island Institute on Federal Taxation . His civic activities included the United Way Board and campaign ; past President of Narragansett Council , Boy Scouts of America ; and past President of Barrington , Rhode Island , Town Council . He married Elinor Jones in 1951 , with whom he had seven children .

neg: United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2012 The 2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts took place on November 6 , 2012 , concurrently with the U.S. presidential election and elections to the U.S. Senate in other states , as well as elections to the House of Representatives and various state and local elections .   Incumbent Republican Senator Scott Brown ran for re-election to a first full term . He had been elected in a special election in 2010 following the death of incumbent Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy . Brown faced no challengers from his own party . For the Democrats , an initial wide field of prospective candidates narrowed after the entry of Harvard Law School Professor Elizabeth Warren , the architect of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau . Warren clinched near-unanimous party support , with all but one of the other Democratic candidates withdrawing following her entrance . After winning her party 's nomination , eliminating any need for a primary , she faced Brown in the general election .   The election was one of the most-followed races in 2012 and cost approximately $ 82 million , which made it the most expensive election in Massachusetts history and the second-most expensive in the entire 2012 election cycle , next to that year 's presidential election . This was despite the two candidates ' having agreed not to allow outside money to influence the race . Opinion polling indicated a close race for much of the campaign , though Warren opened up a small but consistent lead in the final few weeks . She went on to defeat Brown by over 236,000 votes , 54 % to 46 % .

neg: List of cities in Nevada Nevada is a state located in the Western United States . According to the 2010 United States Census , Nevada is the 36th most populous state with inhabitants but the 7th largest by land area spanning 109781.18 sqmi of land . Nevada is divided into 17 counties and contains 19 incorporated municipalities . Nevada 's incorporated municipalities cover only of the state 's land mass but are home to of its population .   Incorporated places in the state are legally described as cities , except for Carson City , which has no legal description . To incorporate , a petition for incorporation can be made to the board of county commissioners , who consider numerous geographic , demographic , and economic factors . Cities are categorized by population for the purpose of determining the number of wards and council election structure as well as the number of city clerks : cities with 50,000 or more inhabitants are population category one , cities with 5,000 or more but less than 50,000 inhabitants are population category two , and cities having less than 5,000 inhabitants are population category three .   The largest municipality by population in Nevada is Las Vegas with 583,756 residents , and the smallest municipality by population is Caliente with 1,130 residents . The largest municipality by land area is Boulder City which spans 208.52 mi2 , while Lovelock is the smallest at 0.85 mi2 .

neg: Richard King Mellon Richard King Mellon ( June 19 , 1899 -- June 3 , 1970 ) , commonly known as R.K. , was an American financier , general , and philanthropist from the Pittsburgh suburb of Ligonier , Pennsylvania .


query: Richard Eyre is only a film director.

pos: Richard Eyre Sir Richard Charles Hastings Eyre ( born 28 March 1943 ) is an English film , theatre , television and opera director .

neg: Richard of Bordeaux Richard of Bordeaux ( 1932 ) is a play by `` Gordon Daviot '' , a pseudonym for Elizabeth MacKintosh , best known by another of her pen names , Josephine Tey .   The play tells the story of Richard II of England in a romantic fashion , emphasizing the relationship between Richard and his first wife , Queen Anne of Bohemia . The play was a major hit in 1933 , playing a significant role in turning its director and leading man John Gielgud into a major star . Audiences found its portrayal of medieval characters speaking like modern people refreshing .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Rob Green (film director) Rob Green is a film director , producer , editor and screenwriter .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism .   In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .

neg: Charles Eyre (bishop) Charles Petre Eyre ( 1817 -- 1902 ) was a Roman Catholic clergyman who served as the Archbishop of Glasgow from 1878 to 1902 .

neg: Imagining Argentina (film) Imagining Argentina is a 2003 drama historical film written and directed by Christopher Hampton and starring Antonio Banderas , Emma Thompson , Leticia Dolera and Rubén Blades . It is based on the award-winning homonymous novel by Lawrence Thornton . It was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 2003 Venice Film Festival .   The film , centered on a couple living through the ominous last military dictatorship in Argentina ( 1976-1983 ) , depicts graphic images of suffering , such as rape and torture . The closing caption states that around 30,000 Argentines disappeared during the beginning and end of the regime .

neg: Richard Wilson (Australian actor) Richard Wilson ( born 23 October 1984 in Leicester , Leicestershire , England ) is a British-born Australian actor .

neg: Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .

neg: Gillian Armstrong Gillian May Armstrong ( born 18 December 1950 ) is an award-winning Australian feature film and documentary director , who specializes in period-drama . Her films often feature female perspectives and protagonists .

neg: Tom Attenborough Tom Attenborough ( born 13 October 1986 ) is an English theatre director . He is the son of theatre director Michael Attenborough and the grandson of the late film actor and director Richard Attenborough .

neg: Georgina Willis Georgina Willis is an award winning film director who was born in Australia and now lives in London . Georgina 's first feature , Watermark ( 2003 ) , made its debut in the Cannes Film Festival . It was the first independent film to be included in Cannes . Her production company , Potoroo Films , is now based in London . Georgina Willis 's and producer Kerry Rock 's work became some of the most prominent at international festivals being shown at over eighty international festivals and receiving many awards for their work . Georgina has recently been accepted as a member of the Directors Guild of Great Britain .  Georgina Willis founded the London Image Festival .

neg: Stuart Urban Stuart Urban ( born 1958 ) is a British film and television director .

neg: John Eyre (footballer) John Eyre ( born 9 October 1974 ) is an English retired football forward .

neg: Richard Spence Richard Crighton Spence ( born 1957 ) is a British film director and writer . His works include The New Godzilla and Blind Justice . He is currently working at the COI as a consultant , and teaching video game taste in his spare time .

neg: Robin Lovejoy Robin Lovejoy ( 1923 -- 85 ) was an Australian director , actor and designer best known for his work on television and in theatre . He was one of Australia 's leading theatre directors of the 1960s and 1970s .

neg: Edward Dick Edward Dick is a British theatre director .

neg: Katherine Hare Katherine Elizabeth Hare ( born 15 April 1978 ) is an English theatre director .

neg: Simon Wincer Simon Wincer ( born 1943 in Sydney ) is an Australian film director and film producer . He attended Cranbrook School , Bellevue Hill , Sydney from 1950 to 1961 . On leaving school he worked as a stage hand at TV Station Channel 7 . By the 1980s he directed over 200 hours of television . In 1986 he directed the made-for-TV movie The Last Frontier and also won a Christopher Award .

neg: Frederic Richard Sullivan Frederic Richard `` Dickie '' Sullivan ( sometimes credited as `` Frederick '' ; 18 July 1872 -- 24 July 1937 ) , was an English-born American film director and actor of the silent era . He directed 34 films between 1913 and 1923 . He also appeared in 29 films between 1913 and 1935 . He also acted on stage . He was a nephew of the composer Arthur Sullivan .


query: Maria I of Portugal was born in December.

pos: Maria I of Portugal Dona Maria I ( English : Mary I ; 17 December 1734 -- 20 March 1816 ) was Queen of Portugal , Brazil , and the Algarves . Known as Maria the Pious ( in Portugal ) , or Maria the Mad ( in Brazil ) , she was the first undisputed Queen regnant of Portugal . With Napoleon 's European conquests , her court , then under the direction of Prince Dom João , the Prince Regent , moved to Brazil , then a Portuguese colony . Later on , Brazil would be elevated from the rank of a colony to that of a kingdom , with the consequential formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .

neg: House of Sousa The House of Sousa ( Casa de Sousa ) is a noble family of Portugal , descendants of the marriage of Martim Afonso Chichorro and Inês Lourenço de Sousa .   The House of Souza is one of the eldest and nobler houses of Portugal . Its origin starts with the Visigoth Kings and the name was first used in the 11th century , by Lord Egas Gomes de Sousa , heir to the house and to several royal lineages . There are three main lineages of this noble house , but we shall only focus on the one represented to left ( Sousa of Arronches ) .   The field of the shield is divided in four quarters ( quarterly or party per cross ) with the Royal Arms of Portugal in the first and fourth quarters , and the Ancient Arms of Sousa , a quartet of silver crescents ( Argent ) over a field of red ( Gules ) , in the second and third quarters . This grouping known as the Sousa of Arronches ( because of the title of Lords of Arronches ) , is still borne by many of the noble houses of Portugal , like the Dukes of Palmela .   The Head of the House of Sousa today is the Duke of Lafões . Some say that there is n't a single noble man ( or woman ) in Portugal that does not have the blood of the Sousas.The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Garcia Homem de Sousa , which was dated 1420 , christened at Funchal , Portugal , during the reign of King John I of Portugal . Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation . In England this was known as Poll Tax . Throughout the centuries , surnames in every country have continued to `` develop '' often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling . The House of Sousa played a significant role in the creation of the Portuguese Empire . Martim Afonso de Sousa was the first Governor of Brazil , Pedro Lopes de Sousa was the 1st Governor of Portuguese Ceylon and Thome de Sousa Arronches was a Captain of the Portuguese Navy in the Portuguese India Armadas .   The family motto ( Better to break than to bend ) .   Lords of the House of Sousa   D. Egas Gomes de Sousa ( 1035 - ? )  D. Mem Viegas de Sousa ( 1070 - 1130 )  D. Gonçalo Mendes de Sousa , `` the good '' ( 1120 -- 1190 )  D. Mendo de Sousa , `` the sousão '' ( 1140 - ? )  D. Constança Mendes de Sousa ( 1245 - Santarém , 1298 )  D. Martim Afonso Chichorro ( 1250-1313 )  D. Martim Afonso Chichorro II or Martin Afonso de Sousa Chichorro ( 1280 - ? )  D. Maria Pais Ribeira , 15ª Lady of House of Sousa * c. 1285  D. Vasco Martins de Sousa Chichorro ( 1320 - 1387 )  D. Lopo Dias de Sousa , Lord of Mafra , Ericeira and Enxara dos Cavaleiros * 1350  D. Afonso Vasques de Sousa ( 1370 )  Diogo Lopes de Sousa , 18º Lord of House of Sousa * c. 1380  D.Afonso Vasques de Sousa II ( 1400 ) ,  Álvaro de Sousa , Lord of Miranda e mayor of Arronches * c. 1410  D. Luis de Sousa Chichorro ( 1440 )  Diogo Lopes de Sousa * c. 1440  André de Sousa * c. 1465  D. Henrique de Sousa ( 1480 )  Manuel de Sousa , mayor of Arronches * c. 1495  André de Sousa , 23º Lord of House of Sousa * c. 1515  D. António de Sousa Chichorro ( 1520 )  Manuel de Sousa  D. Matias de Sousa ( 1550 )  Diogo Lopes de Sousa , 2nd Count of Miranda * c. 1595  D. Pedro de Sousa Chichorro  Henrique de Sousa Tavares , first Marquis of Arronches * 1626  D. Maria de Sousa e Mesquita  D. António Sousa Chíchorro balio `` ad honorem '' .  Mariana Luísa Francisca de Sousa Tavares Mascarenhas e Silva , 2nd Marquess of Arronches * 1672  Luísa Casimira de Sousa Nassau and Ligne , duchess of Lafões * 1694

neg: Maria Guinot Maria Guinot ( born 20 June 1945 in Barreiro ) is a Portuguese singer , best known for her participation in the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest .   Guinot released two EPs , `` La mère sans enfant '' and `` Balada do negro só '' in the late 1960s , then took a long break from the music industry . She returned in 1981 performing a song , `` Um adeus , um recomeço '' , in the Portuguese Eurovision selection , Festival da Canção , where she finished third . Her second attempt in Festival da Cançao came in 1984 , when her song `` Silêncio e tanta gente '' ( `` Silence and So Many People '' ) emerged the winner . Guinot went forward as the Portuguese representative in the 29th Eurovision Song Contest , held in Luxembourg City on 5 May . `` Silêncio e tanta gente '' , a reflective ballad with Guinot accompanying herself on piano , was performed last in the running order , and provided a low-key ending to the contest . It finished in 11th place of the 19 entries .   Following her Eurovision appearance , Guinot continued performing and composing . She has released three albums , and has often collaborated on projects with other musicians .

neg: Francisco da Veiga Beirão Francisco António da Veiga Beirão ( Lisbon , 24 July 1841 -- Paço de Arcos , 11 November 1916 ) , commonly known as Francisco da Veiga Beirão ( -LSB- fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku dɐ ˈvɐjɡɐ bɐjˈɾɐ̃w̃ -RSB- ) , or Veiga Beirão , was a Portuguese politician of the late period of the Constitutional Monarchy . He served as President of the Ministry ( Prime Minister ) , being the second last before the October 5 republican coup d'état that established the Portuguese First Republic . He was a professor at the Industrial Institute and president of Lawyers Association of Lisbon . He was also a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and of the Institut de Droit International and the Real Academía de Jurisprudencia y Legislación de Madrid . He had a law degree , from the University of Coimbra .   He started his political life in the Reformist Party and was a deputy in the Cortes from 1880 to 1904 . However he maintained a certain distance from party-politics . He also served as Minister of Justice ( February 29 , 1886 -- January 14 , 1890 ) and of Foreign Affairs ( 1898 ) . He was the author of the regulating code for the creation and functioning of commercial societies in Portugal ( 1888 ) .   In 1909 , on December 22 , he was named President of the Ministry ( Prime Minister ) by young king Manuel II of Portugal . However , his government did not last long as it was followed by a political scandal related to the Crédito Predial Bank that implicated several of his ministers . He resigned on June 26 , 1910 . He was followed by António Teixeira de Sousa , the last Prime Minister of the constitutional monarchy .   After the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic on October 5 , 1910 he abandoned political life and continued working as a lawyer and attorney .

neg: Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony ( Maria Josepha Amalia Beatrix Xaveria Vincentia Aloysia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal Anna Apollonia Johanna Nepomucena Walburga Theresia Ambrosia ; 6 December 1803 -- 18 May 1829 ) was Queen consort of Spain as the wife of King Ferdinand VII of Spain . She was the youngest daughter of Prince Maximilian of Saxony ( 1759 -- 1838 ) and his first wife , Princess Carolina of Parma ( 1770 -- 1804 ) , daughter of Duke Ferdinand of Parma . She was a member of the house of Wettin .

neg: Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição Velha The Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( -LSB- Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição Velha , links = no -RSB- ) is a church in the civil parish of Madalena , in the municipality of Lisbon .   The Church of Conceição dos Freires , or Conceição Velha , ( known as the Church of the Misericórdia ) was not included in the original plans to reconstruct the Lisbon riverfront , even though it was partially ruined . Instead , King Joseph gave the monks from the Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( which was destroyed ) the location of the Misericórdia church , and ordered Pombaline architect Francisco António Ferreira ( with the collaboration of Honorato José Correia ) in 1770 , to rebuild the structure . Once renovations were completed , the clerics of the Conceição , re-occupied the rebuilt Misericórdia Church , and the Brotherhood of the Misericórdia was transferred to the ( formerly Jesuit ) Church of São Roque .   Francisco António Ferreira , also known as o Cangalhas , reused the lateral entrance , central column , two Manueline windows , the relief of the Misericórdia , and Chapel of the Holy Sacrement , as the new entrance . With this , he reoriented the temple , whose southern entrance became the principal , and the lateral chapel became the presbytery . The main facade , crowned by triangular pediment , is marked by an ornate Manueline portico , with a tympanum that includes the Virgin of the Misericórdia , and figures of nobles and religious clerics . Flanked by comparable Manueline-style windows , the whole group has semblances to the Monastery of the Jerónimos .

neg: Domitila de Castro, Marchioness of Santos Domitila ( or Domitília ) de Castro Canto e Melo ( December 27 , 1797 -- November 3 , 1867 ) , 1st Viscountess with designation as a Grandee , then 1st Marchioness of Santos , was a Brazilian noblewoman and the long-term mistress and favorite of Emperor Pedro I.

neg: Viscount of São Jorge Viscount of São Jorge ( Visconde de São Jorge ) is a title was created by Carlos I of Portugal , by decree dated 7 November 1893 , in the name of Adriano Auguto d ´ Oliveira , Knight of the Royal Household , Knight Commander of the Royal Military Order of Our Lady of Conception of Vila Viçosa . Adriano Auguto d ´ Oliveira married Eleanor Justine du Puy de Montbrun , daughter of the Marquess Lucien de Montbrun and the Marchioness Louise Amelie Marie Soulages de Saint-Marc . He lived in Paris and died in the same city without surviving descendants .   The title is associated with the noble house and estate of São Jorge situated in the Trás-os-Montes municipality of Azinhoso . It belonged in the 18th century ( around 1740 ) to Tómas de Sá Pimentel Moraes Pinto d ´ Oliveira and his wife , D. Luiza Francisca de Moraes e Távora ( from the Counts of São João da Pesqueira and later Marquesses of Távora ) , daughter of António Osório Pinto d ´ Oliveira de Moraes , Knight of the Royal Household .

neg: Maria Pia of Savoy Dona Maria Pia of Savoy ( 16 October 1847 -- 5 July 1911 ) was a Portuguese Queen consort , spouse of King Luís I of Portugal . On the day of her baptism , Pope Pius IX , her godfather , gave her a Golden Rose . Maria Pia was married to Luís on the 6 October 1862 in Lisbon . She was the grand mistress of the Order of Saint Isabel .

neg: Inês Faria Inês Faria , ( born Maria Inês Coutinho Faria , Lisboa , Portugal ) is a Portuguese actress .

neg: Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu D. Maria of Portugal , Duchess of Viseu ( 18 June 1521 -- 10 October 1577 in Lisbon ; -LSB- mɐˈɾiɐ -RSB- ) was an Infanta of Portugal , the only daughter of King Manuel I of Portugal and Eleanor of Austria . A noted patron of the arts , Maria 's personal wealth rivaled that of the king , her brother ( John III of Portugal ) , making her the richest woman in Portugal and one of the richest in Europe .

neg: Maria Branco Maria Branco ( 15 March 1842 , Horta , Faial , Azores -- 3 November 1887 , Horta , Faial , Azores ) , became the most well-known Dabney 's family midwife during their stay in Horta , Faial , Azores , for her expertise in difficult birth cases .

neg: Maria of Naples Maria of Anjou ( 1290 -- end of April 1346/January 1347 ) was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou who served as Queen of Majorca during her marriage to King Sancho . She was the daughter of Charles II of Naples and his wife , Maria of Hungary .   Maria married King Sancho by proxy at Palma de Majorca on 20 September 1304 and in person in 1308 . The marriage produced no children , which threatened the survival of the young independent state . Sancho willed the kingdom to his nephew James to prevent it from falling to the Crown of Aragon , and died in 1324 .   Two years after Sancho 's death , Maria married James of Ejerica , a member of the House of Barcelona . She was imprisoned in Jerica in 1331 by King Alfonso IV of Aragon , and was later transferred to Valencia . Her brother , King Robert of Naples , arranged her release , and she left Valencia after June 1337 for Barjals in Provence . Maria died childless in 1346 or 1347 .

neg: Mariadeira Mariadeira is a neighourhood of the Portuguese city of Póvoa de Varzim . it is located in the Matriz/Mariadeira district .   Mariadeira derives from Maria da Eira ( Mary of the threshing floor ) .  Located inland , Mariadeira is an old place , but its major development was in late 20th century , thus it has different topologies .   Despite being a small neighbourhood , it is one of the most dynamic , thus it is known as the biggest of the smallest . It is known to bring famous Portuguese popular music performers to its Saint Peter festival , attracting many to the neighbourhood during the city 's Saint Peter festivities .   Category : Neighbourhoods of Póvoa de Varzim

neg: Teatro Nacional de São Carlos The Teatro Nacional de São Carlos ( -LSB- tiˈatɾu nɐsiuˈnaɫ dɨ sɐ̃w̃ ˈkaɾluʃ -RSB- ) ( National Theatre of Saint Charles ) is an opera house in Lisbon , Portugal . It was opened on July 30 , 1793 by Queen Maria I as a replacement for the Tejo Opera House , which was destroyed in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake . The theatre is located in the historical center of Lisbon , in the Chiado district .   In 1792 , a group of Lisbon businessmen decided to finance the construction of a new Opera House in the city . The theatre was built in only six months following a design by Portuguese architect José da Costa e Silva , with neoclassical and rococo elements . The general project is clearly inspired by great Italian theatres like the San Carlo of Naples ( interior ) and La Scala in Milan ( interior and façade ) . In the early 19th century , when the Portuguese Royal Court had to flee to the Portuguese colony of Brazil to escape the invading Napoleonic troops , a theatre modelled on the São Carlos was built in Rio de Janeiro .   The main façade has a decorated clock , the Portuguese coats-of-arms and an arched entrance hall ( a portico ) . The theatre was named after the Princess Charlotte of Spain , who had come to Portugal in 1790 to marry the future King , Prince John : Carlos ( Portuguese form of Charles ) is the masculine form of Charlotte .  A Latin commemorative inscription dedicates the theatre to the princess .   The main room is elliptic , has five tiers of boxes and seats 1148 people . The luxurious royal box was lavishly decorated by the Italian Giovanni Appianni . The ceiling was painted by Manuel da Costa and the stage by Cirilo Wolkmar Machado .   The first opera presented here , in 1793 , was La Ballerina Amante , by Domenico Cimarosa . The most famous Portuguese composer of the time , Marcos Portugal , became musical director of the São Carlos in 1800 after returning from Italy , and many of his operas were staged here .   Between 1828 and 1834 , the São Carlos was closed during the Portuguese Civil War , fought between kings Miguel I and Pedro IV . In 1850 , the lighting of the interior was changed to gas illumination , the latest technology available . Shortly afterwards , the Portuguese state bought the theatre from private investors . After a few failed attempts , electrical illumination was installed in 1887 . From 1935 to 1940 , the theatre was closed for repairs .   In 1974 , a resident opera company was established . In 1993 , the Orquestra Sinfónica Portuguesa was created as the Teatro 's affiliate orchestra , with Álvaro Cassuto as the orchestra 's first principal conductor . Subsequent principal conductors of the Orquestra Sinfónica Portuguesa have included José Ramón Encinar ( 1999-2001 ) , Zoltán Peskó ( 2001-2004 ) and Julia Jones ( 2008-2011 ) . Since January 2014 , the orchestra 's principal conductor is Joana Carneiro .

neg: Infanta Maria Adelaide of Portugal D. Maria Adelaide of Braganza , Infanta of Portugal , ( 31 January 191224 February 2012 ) was a member of the royal house of Braganza , daughter of Miguel , Duke of Braganza and Princess Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg .

neg: Portugal (surname) Portugal is a surname derived from the country of the same name . People with the name include :  Alfonso Portugal ( 1934 -- 2016 ) , Mexican football player  Anne Portugal ( b. 1949 ) , French poet  Francisco de Portugal , 3rd Count of Vimioso ( 1550 -- 1582 ) , Portuguese nobleman , Constable of António , Prior of Crato , during the War of the Portuguese Succession ( 1580 -- 1583 ) .  Eliezer Zusia Portugal ( 1898 -- 1982 ) , Rabbi ( first Skulener Rebbe )  Hugo Sánchez Portugal ( 1984 -- 2014 ) , Mexican football commentator  Marcelo Portugal Gouvêa ( 1938 -- 2008 ) , Brazilian football manager  Marcos Portugal ( 1762 -- 1830 ) , Portuguese opera composer  Mark Portugal ( b. 1962 ) , United States baseball player  Yisroel Avrohom Portugal ( b. 1925 ) , Rabbi ( second Skulener Rebbe )

neg: Marquess of Loulé Marquess of Loulé ( in Portuguese Marquês de Loulé ) is a Portuguese title granted by royal decree of Queen Maria I of Portugal , dated from July 6 , 1799 , to Dom Agostinho Domingos José de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto ( 1780-1824 ) , who already was 8th Count of Vale de Reis .   This title was later inherited by his son , Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto , who married Infanta Ana de Jesus Maria , King John VI younger daughter .

neg: Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg Maria Teresa , Grand Duchess of Luxembourg ( born María Teresa Mestre y Batista ; on 22 March 1956 ) , is the spouse of Grand Duke Henri .

neg: Maria Josepha of Austria Maria Josepha of Austria ( Maria Josepha Benedikta Antonia Theresia Xaveria Philippine , Maria Józefa 8 December 1699 -- 17 November 1757 ) was born an Archduchess of Austria , and from 1711 to 1717 was heir presumptive to the Habsburg Empire . By her marriage to Augustus III of Poland she was the Electress of Saxony and Queen consort of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth .

neg: José António Marques José António Marques , founder of the Portuguese Red Cross , was born in Lisbon on 29 January 1822 , and died in the same city on 8 November 1884 . He was the son of António Emídio Marques and Catarina d ´ Assunção Marques .   At 20 , he finished his studies in medicine at the'Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de Lisboa ( Medicine and Surgery College of Lisbon ) . In 1842 , by a decree of August of the same year , he was nominated assistant-surgeon and assigned to the Batalhão de Caçadores nº 3 ' . He rose through several levels of the military , being , in 1851 , promoted to the position of Squad Surgeon .   He distinguished himself , not only in his military life , where he played important roles on the Repartição de Saúde do Estado Maior General on the War Ministry , but equally as a journalist , having been one of the collaborators of a highly scientific publication , O Jornal dos Facultativos Militares . Escholiaste Médico , and on his civilian medical career .   He was the author of countless scientific works . His memoir , Aperçu historique de l'ophtalmie militaire portugaise , presented , in 1857 , in the ophthalmology congress in Brussels , granted him the titles of Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Surgery from the University of Brussels .   He represented Portugal in several congresses of ophthalmology .   In August 1864 , by nomination of king Luis I , he represented Portugal at the International Conference in Geneva , to discuss the neutralization , in times of war , `` of ambulances and hospitals , as well as healthcare personnel , rescuers and wounded people '' .   Portugal , through Marques , was one of the twelve countries that signed the First Geneva Convention on 22 August 1864 , destined to give a better chance to military staff wounded in battle .   Back in Portugal , Marques organized , on 11 February 1865 , the `` Comissão Portuguesa de Socorros a Feridos e Doentes Militares em Tempo de Guerra '' , the former designation of the Portuguese Red Cross .   For his services to the country and the Army , several decorations were awarded to this famous medician , founder and 1st Secretary-General of the Portuguese Red Cross , including the Comenda of the Order of Aviz , Knight of the Order of Christ and of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa , and Knight of the Orders of Leopold I of Belgium and of Charles III of Spain .


query: Alex Rodriguez used illegal drugs.

pos: Alex Rodriguez Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez ( born July 27 , 1975 ) , nicknamed `` A-Rod '' , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman . He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Texas Rangers , and New York Yankees . Rodriguez was one of the sport 's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time . During his 22-year career , Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average , 696 home runs , over 2,000 runs batted in ( RBI ) , over 2,000 runs scored , and over 3,000 hits . He is a 14-time All-Star and has won three American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten Silver Slugger Awards , and two Gold Glove Awards . Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25 . However , he has led a highly controversial career due to signing two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history while incurring criticism from the media for his behavior and use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs .   The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft , and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18 . In 1996 , he became the Mariners ' starting shortstop and finished second in voting for the AL MVP Award . Rodriguez 's combination of power , speed , and defense made him a cornerstone of the franchise , but he left the team via free agency after the 2000 season to join the Rangers . The 10-year , $ 252 million contract he signed was the richest in baseball history . He played at a high level in his three years with Texas , highlighted by his first AL MVP Award win in 2003 , but the team failed to make the playoffs during his tenure . Prior to the 2004 season , Rodriguez was traded to the Yankees , for whom he converted to a third baseman due to incumbent shortstop Derek Jeter . In his first four seasons with New York , he was twice more named AL MVP . After opting out of his contract following the 2007 season , Rodriguez signed a new 10-year , $ 275 million deal with the Yankees , extending his record for the sport 's most lucrative contract . He became the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs , reaching the milestone in 2007 . He won his first World Series in 2009 , which was the first year of the new Yankee Stadium . The following year , he became the career leader in home runs by a player of Hispanic descent . In recent years , Rodriguez has been hampered by hip and knee injuries , which have caused him to exclusively become a designated hitter . He played his final game as a Yankee on August 12 , 2016 .   In February 2009 , after previously denying use of performance-enhancing drugs , including during a 2007 interview with Katie Couric on 60 Minutes , Rodriguez admitted to using steroids , saying he used them from 2001 to 2003 when playing for Rangers due to `` an enormous amount of pressure '' to perform . While recovering from a hip injury in 2013 , Rodriguez made headlines by feuding with team management over his rehabilitation and for having allegedly obtained performance-enhancing drugs as part of the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In August 2013 , MLB suspended him 211 games for his involvement in the scandal , but he was allowed to play while appealing the punishment . Had the original suspension been upheld , it would have been the longest non-lifetime suspension in Major League Baseball history . After an arbitration hearing , the suspension was reduced to 162 games , keeping him off the field for the entire 2014 season .

neg: Doping affects on society performing enhancing drugs are not suppose to be used in baseball   I plan on adding a section into the article doping in baseball . My section will be how people think about doping . I plan to use evidence from the points of view of authors and writers of articles or books .   Research Question : How can these athletes be caught cheating and what should their punishments be ?   cheating in sports   Many athletes throughout history have been cheating with performing enhancing drugs . Some athletes can get a easy way out of this because they are big stars , and others can get out of the situation because they have a way of having the drugs go undetected . When athletes are caught with performing enhancing drugs , they should get a punishment that the athletes truly deserve .   One way that athletes can get caught are by blood and urine samples . `` The WADA and Olympic officials are aware that undetectable drugs are used by athletes in events . '' These officials know this occurs because the Olympic athletes that are competing are using drugs during the off-season . this allows athletes to build up their muscles to gain a competitive edge , but is still risky because if they get caught they can be banned from the Olympics and stripped of their medals .

neg: Alex Serrano (baseball) Alex Eleazar Serrano Hernandez ( born February 18 , 1981 in Barcelona , Anzoátegui State , Venezuela ) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher .   On April 16 , , Serrano made his major league debut for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim against the Kansas City Royals , pitching one scoreless inning while striking out one .   Serrano became a free agent at the end of 2008 . He spent in the Mexican League with the Guerreros de Oaxaca . He last played for the Rimini Baseball Club in the Italian Serie A1 baseball league in 2010

neg: Legality of cannabis The legality of cannabis varies from country to country . Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s . However , possession of the plant in small quantities has been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world . For example , cannabis in Canada will be legal for recreational use if legislation is passed in spring 2017 . On 10 December 2013 , Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the sale , cultivation , and distribution of cannabis . Open sales are `` illegal , but not punishable '' , at `` coffeeshops '' in the Netherlands if certain rules are followed . In the United States , federal law prohibits possession or sale of marijuana for any purpose , but the Obama Administration refrained from prosecuting users and dealers operating in compliance with state ( see Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction ) , territory , and Indian reservation laws which permit medical or recreational marijuana .   The medicinal use of cannabis is legal in a number of countries , including Canada , the Czech Republic and Israel . Medical cannabis in the United States is legal in 29 states as of December 2016 .   Some countries have laws which are not as vigorously prosecuted as others , but apart from the countries which offer access to medical marijuana , most countries have penalties ranging from lenient to very severe . Some infractions are taken more seriously in some countries than others in regard to the cultivation , use , possession or transfer of cannabis for recreational use . A few jurisdictions have lessened penalties for possession of small quantities of cannabis , making it punishable by confiscation and a fine , rather than imprisonment . Some jurisdictions/drug courts use mandatory treatment programs for young or frequent users , with freedom from narcotic drugs as the goal and a few jurisdictions permit cannabis use for medicinal purposes . Routine drug tests to detect cannabis are most common in the United States , and have resulted in jail sentences and loss of employment even for medical use . In most European countries , privacy and labor laws prevent such testing for job applicants . Simple possession can carry long jail sentences in some countries , particularly in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia , where the sale of cannabis may lead to life imprisonment or execution .

neg: Drug lord A drug lord , drug baron , kingpin , or narcotrafficker is a person who controls a sizable network of persons involved in the illegal drug trade . Such figures are often difficult to bring to justice , as they are normally not directly in possession of something illegal , but are insulated from the actual trade in drugs by several layers of underlings . The prosecution of drug lords is therefore usually the result of carefully planned infiltrations of their networks , often using informants from within the organization .

neg: Alexei Ramírez Alexei Fernando Ramírez Rodriguez ( born September 22 , 1981 ) is a Cuban professional baseball shortstop who is a free agent . He has played for the Chicago White Sox , San Diego Padres and Tampa Bay Rays in MLB and Pinar del Rio of the Cuban National Series . His nickname , given to him by former White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén , is `` The Cuban Missile '' due to his tall , slim physique and combination of speed , power , and strong throwing arm .

neg: Alex Reyes Alexander Reyes ( born August 29 , 1994 ) is a Dominican American professional baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He was signed by the Cardinals as an amateur free agent in December 2012 , and made his MLB debut for them August 9 , 2016 .   The Cardinals ' top prospect entering both the 2015 and 2016 seasons , Baseball America named him the second-best prospect overall in their 2016 mid-season ranking . He has played in two All-Star Futures Games and was one of two Cardinals ' Co-Minor League Pitchers of the Year in 2015 .

neg: Black cocaine Black cocaine , also known as Coca Negra , is a mixture of regular cocaine base or cocaine hydrochloride with various other substances . These other substances are added   to camouflage the typical appearance ( pigments and dyes , e.g. charcoal ) ,  to interfere with color-based drug tests ( mixing thiocyanates and iron salts or cobalt salts forms deep red complexes in solution ) ,  to make the mixture undetectable by drug sniffing dogs ( activated carbon may sufficiently absorb trace odors ) .   Since the result is usually black , it is generally smuggled as toner , fingerprint powder , fertilizer , pigment or metal moldings . The pure cocaine base can be recovered from the mixture by extraction ( freebase ) or acid-base extraction ( hydrochloride ) using common organic solvents such as acetone .   It was reported that in the mid-1980s Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet ordered his army to build a clandestine cocaine laboratory in Chile where chemists mixed cocaine with other chemicals to produce what Pinochet 's former top aide for intelligence Manuel Contreras described as a `` black cocaine '' capable of being smuggled past drug agents in the US and Europe .   Black cocaine was detected in Bogota , Colombia in May 1998 . In 2008 , a new type of black cocaine was discovered by police in Spain . It had been manufactured into rubber-like sheets and made into luggage .

neg: Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . ''   Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations .   Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation .   In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues .   `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .

neg: Controlled substance A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture , possession , or use is regulated by a government , such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated a Controlled Drug in the United Kingdom .   In the United States , the Drug Enforcement Administration is responsible for suppressing illegal drug use and distribution by enforcing the Controlled Substances Act , which regulates both the drugs themselves and certain precursors . Some U.S. states have additional restrictions for substances which might or might not be regulated by the federal government . During the Obama Administration , the federal government also voluntarily suspended enforcement of federal laws restricting marijuana where people were operating in compliance with state law .   Some precursor chemicals used for the production of illegal drugs are also controlled substances in many countries , even though they may lack the pharmacological effects of the drugs themselves . Substances are classified according to schedules and consist primarily of potentially psychoactive substances . The controlled substances do not include many prescription items such as antibiotics .   Some states in the U.S. have statutes against health care providers self-prescribing and/or administering substances listed in the Controlled Substance Act schedules . This does not forbid licensed providers from self-prescribing medications not on the schedules .

neg: Román Rodríguez Román Rodríguez ( born March 30 , 1966 , in San Mateo , Venezuela ) is a scout for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim .

neg: Drug prohibition law Drug prohibition law is prohibition-based law by which governments prohibit , except under licence , the production , supply , and possession of many , but not all , substances which are recognized as drugs , and which corresponds to international treaty commitments in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 , the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 , and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 .   When produced , supplied or possessed under licence , otherwise prohibited drugs are known as controlled drugs . The aforementioned legislation is the cultural institution and social fact that de facto divides world drug trade as illegal vs legal , according to geopolitical issues . The United Nations has its own drug control programme , as part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ( UNODC ) , which was formerly called the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention ( ODCCP ) , and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs is the central drug policy-making body within the United Nations system .   The International Narcotics Control Board ( INCB ) is an independent and quasi-judicial control organ for the implementation of the United Nations drug control conventions . It is important to note that there are several different sets of `` schedules '' , or lists , of controlled drugs . One is the INCB schedules ( four schedules numbered I-IV ) , while another is the United States ' Controlled Substances Act schedules of controlled substances ( five schedules , numbered I-V ) . Other countries also have different classifications and numbers of lists , such as those of the United Kingdom and Canada .

neg: Alex García (boxer) Alex García ( born December 2 , 1961 ) is a Mexican-American and former heavyweight boxer best known to be a contender in the 1990s . A San Fernando native , and former gang member , he served five years in San Quentin State Prison for stabbing a rival gang member . Upon his release , he found himself training at the Jet Center , where he took up boxing . He was mentored under William `` Blinky '' Rodriguez .

neg: Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting .   Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality .   Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .

neg: Francisco Hernández García Francisco Hernández García ( alias `` El 2000 '' , `` El Panchillo '' ) is a Mexican drug lord of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel . He was captured on 4 November 2011 . The United States Department of Justice also had charges against Hernández García .

neg: High roller A high roller , also referred to as a whale , is a gambler who wagers large amounts of money . High rollers often receive lavish `` comps '' from casinos to lure them onto the gambling floors , such as free private jet transfers , limousine use and use of the casinos ' best suites . Casinos may also extend credit to a player to continue betting , offer rebates on betting turnover or losses , and salaries of employees may also contain incentive arrangements to bring in high rollers .   The definition of a high roller varies . At Crown Casino in Australia , for example , it involves bringing between A$ 50,000 and $ 75,000 to the table . High roller players often have very high table limits allowing the high roller exclusive use . Casinos compete on bet limits . In Australia limits of A$ 300,000 are common , in Las Vegas they are between US$ 150,000 and $ 300,000 , and in Macau they are up to US$ 500,000 . Only casinos with `` substantial financial firepower '' can accommodate high-stakes gambling due to the `` volatility '' of results .   High rollers may also be subject to exceptions from various rules and regulations ; for example the high roller rooms at Crown Casino in Melbourne , Australia are the only licensed venue in the state not subject to a ban on smoking .   High rollers are said to provide only a small fraction of casino `` action . '' John Eidsmoe , in his book Legalized Gambling : America 's Bad Bet , claims that it is actually gamblers from the lower and lower-middle classes in the United States that provide much of the gambling money . `` The occasional wealthy ` high roller ' does indeed exist , but he is the exception , not the standard . The fact that more than 50 % of Nevada 's gambling income comes from slot machines as opposed to the card tables should be an indication high rollers are not the main source of revenue . ''   One example of a high roller is an Australian man who turned over more than A$ 1.5 billion in a 14-month period from 2005 , becoming `` one of Crown 's largest Australian players but not in the same league as -LSB- its -RSB- top international players '' . There have been many cases around the world where high rollers have committed fraud to provide funds for gambling beyond their means , after becoming seduced by the lifestyle . This was the case with famed gambler Terrance Watanabe who reputedly lost over $ 220M in Las Vegas over a 5-year period , and was ultimately sued by Caesars Entertainment for failing to pay up on markers he took out during the binge totaling $ 14.75 M.    While high rollers may not provide a significant portion of the revenues in the casino industry as a whole , they can have a major effect on the net income of casinos that cater to them . There are significant costs associated with attracting the highest stakes gamblers , so if a casino takes this chance and the patron wins , its expenses can be extraordinarily large . But if the casino 's investment pays off and the high roller loses , the casino 's gain can far exceed its expenses for the high roller 's visit .

neg: Illegal drug trade in Guatemala The illegal drug trade in Guatemala includes trans-shipment of cocaine to the United States . According to some reports , Mexican drug cartels such as Sinaloa have also established poppy growing operations there . There is a reported relationship between the Mexican Los Zetas cartel and the Guatemalan Kaibiles military force .

neg: S.D.E. (album) S.D.E. ( Sports , Drugs & Entertainment ) is the second studio album by Harlem rapper Cam ` ron . The album was originally titled `` The Rough , Rough , Rough Album '' and was set for a 1999 release , however the project was pushed back to 2000 and many new songs were recorded . The album was finally released on September 19 , 2000 , by Epic Records . It features guest appearances from Destiny 's Child , Noreaga , Dutch & Spade from the rap group Major Figgas , Ol' Dirty Bastard , Prodigy ( of Mobb Deep ) , and his Diplomats group members Freekey Zekey , Juelz Santana , and Jim Jones .

neg: Kirk Radomski Kirk J. Radomski ( born 1969 ) ( colloquially known by players as Murdock ) is a former batboy and clubhouse employee for the New York Mets Major League Baseball team from 1985 -- 1995 , who on April 27 , 2007 pleaded guilty in United States district court to money laundering and illegal distribution of anabolic steroids , human growth hormone , Clenbuterol , amphetamines and other drugs to `` dozens of current and former Major League Baseball players , and associates , on teams throughout Major League Baseball . '' He faced a maximum sentence of 25 years in prison and a $ 500,000 fine , but he was sentenced to 5 years probation and ordered to pay a fine of $ 18,575 due to his cooperation with the federal government and the Mitchell Report .

neg: Jamar Davis Jamar Davis , also known as `` The Pharmacist '' , is an American streetball player from Mount Vernon , New York . He is best known for his appearances on the AND1 Mixtape Tour , which aired on ESPN . On the streets of Mt. Vernon , Davis honed his streetball talents , primarily at his home court , 4th Street Park . In 2001 , while playing in Rucker Park in New York City for Team Ruff Riders , he received his streetball name `` The Pharmacist '' from Hannibal ( the Rucker MC ) because his dribbling skills seemed `` morphine based . ''   In a 2003 contest , Davis , playing on the East Coast Team against the AND1 team , proved himself a very useful point guard , with his array of passing and dribbling skills . He was invited back to play AND1 again in 2004 in the New York game , where he memorably pulled Philip `` Hot Sauce '' Champion 's jersey off his back , while keeping control of the ball . That move landed him an invitation to play in the 2004 International AND1 Mixtape Tour in November . He later earned an AND1 contract .   Davis has also played in the 2003 -- 04 Pro League in Engelwood , New Jersey as part of Team Uptown , where he averaged over twenty points and eight assists . In 2005 , Davis defended streetball 's growing reputation , as some critics said that it was `` hurting '' the proper game of basketball . Davis said :  `` It 's not teaching kids bad habits , because you 'll see that most of us that 's doing tricks like that , where kids will go to the court and do it and get called on , we do n't do that . We do what kids can do in a regular game that do n't get called on . We 're not carrying the ball ; we 're not walking ; we 're not double-dribbling ; we just playing . Our hands is fast like that when you think we doing something that 's wrong . ''