query: Outlander features the Jacobite risings.

pos: Outlander (TV series) Outlander is a British-American television drama series based on the historical time travel Outlander series of novels by Diana Gabaldon . Developed by Ronald D. Moore and produced by Sony Pictures Television and Left Bank Pictures for Starz , the show premiered on August 9 , 2014 . It stars Caitriona Balfe as Claire Randall , a married World War II nurse who in 1945 finds herself transported back to the Scotland of 1743 , where she encounters the dashing Highland warrior Jamie Fraser ( Sam Heughan ) and becomes embroiled in the Jacobite risings .   The second season of 13 episodes , based on Dragonfly in Amber , premiered on April 9 , 2016 . On June 1 , 2016 , Starz renewed the series for a third and fourth season , which will adapt the third and fourth Outlander novels , Voyager and Drums of Autumn . The 13-episode third season is scheduled to premiere in September 2017 .

neg: James Murray (Jacobite Earl of Dunbar) James Murray , Earl of Dunbar ( c. 1690 -- 1770 ) was a Jacobite .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: The Rebels (miniseries) The Rebels is a 1979 American made-for-television drama film/miniseries . It is based on the historical novel , The Rebels , written by John Jakes , originally published in 1975 . It is second in a series known as The Kent Family Chronicles or the American Bicentennial Series .   The story mixes fictional characters with historical events and figures , to narrate the nascent United States of America during the time of the American Revolution . While it continues the story of Philip Kent , started in The Bastard , a large portion focuses on Judson Fletcher ( Don Johnson ) , a newly introduced character , as a different rebel . In 1979 , the novel was made into this television film by Operation Prime Time.The Rebels '' was preceded by the The Bastard , first in the series , and followed by The Seekers , third in the series .

neg: Wars of the Three Kingdoms The Wars of the Three Kingdoms , sometimes known as the British Civil Wars , formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in England , Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651 . The English Civil War proper has become the best-known of these conflicts and included the execution of the kingdoms ' monarch , Charles I , by the English parliament in 1649 .   The history of these wars is often extended to include the uprisings and conflicts that continued through the 1650s until the English Restoration of the monarchy with Charles II , in 1660 , and sometimes until Venner 's uprising the following year . The wars were the outcome of tensions over religious and civil issues . Religious disputes centred on whether religion was to be dictated by the monarch or the choice of the individual , with many people feeling that they ought to have freedom of religion . The related civil questions were to what extent the king 's rule was constrained by parliaments -- in particular his right to raise taxes and armed forces without consent . Furthermore , the wars also had an element of national conflict , as Ireland and Scotland rebelled against England 's primacy within the Three Kingdoms . The victory of the English Parliament -- ultimately under Oliver Cromwell -- over the king , the Irish and the Scots helped to determine the future of Great Britain and Ireland as a constitutional monarchy with political power centred on London .   The wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640 , the Scottish Civil War of 1644 -- 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , Confederate Ireland , 1642 -- 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven Years War or Irish Confederate Wars ) ; and the First , Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 -- 46 , 1648 -- 49 and 1650 -- 51 .

neg: Solomon Richards Solomon Richards was an Irish soldier of the War of the Three Kingdoms and the Williamite War in Ireland . He is best known for his part in a failed attempt to relieve the Siege of Derry in 1689 .   During the War of the Three Kingdoms , Richards served in Oliver Cromwell 's own regiment . Richards took part in the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland and was granted 3,000 acres of land in County Wexford . He was appointed Governor of Wexford town in 1659 , but following the Restoration the following year he was briefly imprisoned . He was released and allowed to keep his newly acquired lands as part of the Act of Settlement .   For the following twenty-seven years he lived quietly on his Irish estate . In September 1688 , threatened with an invasion by his Dutch nephew William of Orange , the Catholic James II commissioned Richards to raise a new regiment for the English Army . As a nonconformist Protestant Richards was a slightly unusual choice to appoint to command a newly raised regiment , but James was trying to pursue a tactic of creating an alliance of Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants , both of whom had traditionally suffered restrictions due to the Penal Laws . Rather than raising his regiment in Ireland as might be expected , Richards recruited them from London and the Home Counties .   Following the Glorious Revolution , Richards ' regiment was part of William III 's reformed Army . By 1689 James had gone to Ireland where his Jacobite supporters were attempting to put down a rising by the Irish Protestants , who after a defeat at Dromore had withdrawn towards their few remaining strongholds such as Derry . Richards ' regiment was part of a force under Colonel John Cunningham which sailed from Liverpool in an attempt to reinforce and rescue Derry from the advancing Jacobite Irish Army .   The two regiments of reinforcements reached Lough Foyle at the same time as the Governor Robert Lundy was suffering a serious defeat at the Battle of Cladyford , leading his Irish Protestant force in an attempt to prevent the Irish under Richard Hamilton crossing the River Finn and approaching Derry . As Lundy 's poorly organised troops streamed back towards the city walls , he issued several contradictory orders to Cunningham and Richards . They were summoned to a council of war in the city , where Lundy informed them that it was pointless landing their troops as the city 's defeat and surrender were imminent .   Richards and Cunningham therefore sailed for Britain without disembarking their troops as the Siege of Derry began in earnest . Once they arrived in England they were both dismissed from command of their regiments for dereliction of duty . Richards was replaced by George St George , another Irishman . As Derry was able to hold out until a second relief force under General Percy Kirke arrived , questions were raised in the English Parliament about Cunningham and Richards ' conduct .   He died in 1691 . Richards had a large number of children . His son Jacob Richards became an engineer officer , also serving in Ireland ( 1689 -- 91 ) where he was wounded during the Siege of Carrickfergus . His grandson Michael Richards became Chief Engineer of Great Britain in 1711 .

neg: Battle of Rullion Green The Battle of Rullion Green in the Pentland Hills , in Lothian , Scotland on 28 November 1666 was the culmination of the brief Pentland Rising ( 15 -- 28 November 1666 ) . At least 3000 men of the Scottish Royal Army led by Tam Dalyell of the Binns opposed about 900 Covenanter rebels .   The Pentland Rising was in the context of the long-running government campaign to impose episcopalianism upon Scotland . The uprising began in St. John 's Town of Dalry , where troops were beating an elderly man who had defaulted on a fine for not attending government-approved church services . The troops were interrupted by four covenanters and then supported by the local populace , who disarmed the soldiers . Robert McClellan of Barscobe led the Rising ; he gathered some men in Dalry , led them to Balmaclellan , where after a skirmish with other troops , he raised more men . McClellan led them to Dumfries , and there they captured the local commander , General James Turner , at 5.30 in the morning , still in his nightshirt , in his lodgings on the Whitesands . McClellan , aided by Neilson of Corsock , took the gathering force up to Ayrshire , thence to Lanarkshire , and then to Colinton near Edinburgh , on their way to present their petition to the Parliament . Many deserted the group following bad weather , a poor choice of routes and the news received at Colinton that they could not expect a sympathetic reception in Edinburgh . From a peak of perhaps 3000 men the force had diminished by half at Colinton , and then further dispersed as the group headed home towards Galloway . The rebels included experienced professional soldiers as well as citizenry , and were commanded by Colonel James Wallace of Auchens .   The rebel forces decided to hold a parade and review by Colonel Wallace at Rullion Green in the Pentland Hills . General Tam Dalyell of the Binns was with a force in Currie , and cut through the Pentland Hills to confront the rebels . The survivors were treated with cruelty ; 15 , including Neilson of Corsock , were hanged , drawn and quartered , and several , including two boys of 18 , were tortured first with the boot .   The battlefield is currently under research to be inventoried and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009 .

neg: Irish Confederate Wars The Irish Confederate Wars , also called the Eleven Years ' War ( derived from the Irish language name Cogadh na hAon Bhliana Déag ) , took place in Ireland between 1641 and 1653 . It was the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms -- a series of civil wars in the kingdoms of Ireland , England and Scotland ( all ruled by Charles I ) . The conflict in Ireland essentially started by pitting the native Irish Catholics against English and Scottish Protestant colonists and their supporters , and ended with Royalists , Irish Catholics and Scottish Presbyterians fighting the ultimate winners , the English Parliament . It was both a religious and an ethnic conflict -- fought over who would govern Ireland , whether it would be governed from England , which ethnic and religious group would own most of the land , and which religion would predominate in the country . It was the most destructive conflict in Irish history .

neg: Archibald Douglas, 1st Duke of Douglas Archibald Douglas , 1st Duke of Douglas ( 15 October 1694 -- 21 July 1761 ) was a Scottish nobleman .   He was the second son of James Douglas , 2nd Marquess of Douglas , by his second marriage . His elder brother , William , died in infancy in 1694 , and Archibald was thereafter styled Earl of Angus .   Douglas succeeded his father in 1700 , and on 10 April 1703 , was created Duke of Douglas , Marquess of Angus and Abernethy , Viscount of Jedburgh Forest , and Lord Douglas of Bonkill , Prestoun , and Robertoun . The bearer of the Crown of Scotland on state occasions , he conveyed it to Edinburgh Castle after the closing of the last Parliament of Scotland .   During the Jacobite rising of 1715 , Douglas took the Hanoverian side , and led the volunteer horse at the Battle of Sheriffmuir . In maturity , Douglas grew eccentric , and perhaps insane , marrying Margaret of Mains ( a fair match by some accounts ) ; he slew Captain John Kerr ( the natural son of his uncle , Lord Mark Kerr ) at Douglas Castle , while the latter was guesting with him there , and was forced to flee for some time to Holland . His residence of Douglas Castle was plundered by Highlanders during the Rising of 1745 .   He fell out with his sister , Lady Jane Douglas , when he discovered her secret marriage to John Stewart of Grantully , and treated her with great cruelty . In 1755 , Douglas Castle burned , and he hired Robert Adam to rebuild it , although the work was never finished , being halted by the Duke 's death . The Duke married Margaret Douglas , daughter of James Douglas of Mains , in 1758 , who succeeded in reconciling him with Archibald , his nephew by Lady Jane ( who had died in 1754 ) . Ultimately , the Duke was persuaded to entail his estates upon Archibald , a decision which led to the celebrated Douglas Cause upon his death , when the Duke of Hamilton ( who inherited the Marquessate of Douglas ) and his kin unsuccessfully contested Archibald 's legitimacy .

neg: Waylander Waylander may refer to :   Waylander ( band ) , a Celtic metal band from Northern Ireland  Waylander ( novel ) , a fantasy novel by David Gemmell  Waylander the Slayer , the protagonist in the fantasy novel by David Gemmell

neg: Scottish Lowlands The Lowlands ( the Lallans or the Lawlands ; a ' Ghalldachd , `` the place of the foreigner '' ) are a cultural and historic region of Scotland .   The Lowlands is not an official geographical or administrative area of the country . There are two main topographic regions : the Midland Valley ( or Central Lowlands ) and the Southern Uplands . The term `` Lowlands '' mainly refers to the Midland Valley . However , in normal usage it refers to those parts of Scotland not in the Highlands ( or Gàidhealtachd ) . The boundary is usually considered to be a line between Stonehaven and Helensburgh ( on the Firth of Clyde ) . The Lowlands lie south and east of the line . Note that some parts of the Lowlands ( such as the Southern Uplands ) are not physically `` low , '' Merrick for example reaching 2,766 feet , while some areas indisputably in the Highlands ( such as Islay ) are low-lying .   In geological terms , the dividing line between Lowlands and Highlands is the Highland Boundary Fault . There was also a legally defined Highland Line in the post-Culloden years , part of the measures taken to suppress Gaelic culture .   For other purposes , the boundary varies ; but if the Boundary Fault is used , then the traditional Scottish counties entirely in the Lowlands are : Ayrshire , Berwickshire , Clackmannanshire , Dumfriesshire , East Lothian , Fife , Kinross-shire , Kirkcudbrightshire , Lanarkshire , Mid-Lothian , Peeblesshire , Renfrewshire , Roxburghshire , Selkirkshire , West Lothian and Wigtownshire .   Traditional Scottish counties which straddle the Boundary fault include Angus , Dunbartonshire , Stirlingshire , Perthshire , Kincardineshire , Aberdeenshire , Banffshire and Moray .   Geographically , Scotland is divided into three distinct areas : the Highlands , the Central plain ( Central Belt ) , and the Southern Uplands . The Lowlands cover roughly the latter two . The northeast plain is also `` low-land , '' both geographically and culturally , but in some contexts may be grouped together with the Highlands .   The term Lowlands is sometimes used in a more restricted sense to refer specifically to the Midland Valley . Much of this area , which has a characteristic structure of sedimentary rocks with coal deposits , lies within the basins of the Rivers Forth and Clyde . Historically , this valley has been the most agriculturally productive region of Scotland . During the 19th and early 20th centuries , coal deposits promoted concentrated industrial activity and urbanization in the Midland Valley , where 80 percent of the population of Scotland now live . While coal mining and heavy industry have declined in the region , it remains at the centre of the Scottish economy , with electronics and computer manufacture and service sectors such as telecommunications , computer software , and finance .   The southernmost counties of Scotland , nearest the border with England , are also known as the Borders . They are sometimes considered separately from the rest of the Lowlands . Many ancestors of the Scotch-Irish , as they are known in the United States , or Ulster-Scots , originated from the lowlands and borders region before migrating to the Ulster Plantation in the 17th century and later the American frontier , many prior to the American Revolution .   The term Scottish Lowlands is used with reference to the Scots language in contrast to the Scottish Gaelic spoken in the Highlands , Scottish history and the Scottish clan system , as well as in family history and genealogy .

neg: Highland (council area) Highland ( A ' Ghàidhealtachd -LSB- kɛːəlˠ̪t̪əxk -RSB- ) is a council area in the Scottish Highlands and is the largest local government area in the United Kingdom . It shares borders with the council areas of Aberdeenshire , Argyll and Bute , Moray and Perth and Kinross . Their councils , and those of Angus and Stirling , also have areas of the Scottish Highlands within their administrative boundaries . The Highland area covers most of the mainland and inner-Hebridean parts of the historic counties of Inverness-shire and Ross and Cromarty , all of Caithness , Nairnshire and Sutherland and small parts of Argyll and Moray .

neg: McGhee family The McGhee family ( Scottish Gaelic : Clann Aoidh ) is an ancient lowland family of Scotland , established as Lords of Balmaghie in Galloway since the 10th century . Both the Clan Donald and the Clan Mackay claim it as a sept. . Historically , however , the Mackays are in fact an offshoot of this family rather than vice versa . Its ancient origins are uncertain , though it is believed to have been founded by an Irish chieftain in the 10th century . Its property in Kirkcudbrightshire was extended during the reign of the Stuarts . The family has always been self-consciously lowland and , almost uniquely among prominent Scottish families , remained entirely indifferent to the Clan system , as historians have noted :   `` With such a variety of spellings many held lands , bore personal arms and sometimes held important positions and yet none , other than the Chief of Mackay , has been recognised in the chiefship of the kindred . ''   Gilmighel Mac Ethe is first mentioned subscribing allegiance to King Edward I of England in the Ragman Rolls of 1296 . Neel McEth and Gillecryst McEth appear in another document of the same year as two of the Galloway men who , ` having aided John de Balliol late King of Scotland , in his war ... against the King of England ... confess their fault , come to his peace , and swear on the Saints to assist him against Balliol and all others ' . In 1297 , Edward thanked ` Gille Michel Mac Gethe ' and others for ` putting down evil-doers and retaking castles in their country ' . In 1304 , however , Michael Macgethe is listed as a juror at an ` Inquisition ' in Dumfries which asserted the rights of ` Robert de Brus earl of Carrick ' ( later Robert the Bruce ) against those of Edward I in Annandale . Gilbertum McGeth is given as the collector of customs in Kirkcudbright in an exchequer roll of 1331 , while in 1339 Michael Mcgeth was granted a pardon by Edward III after ` having joined his enemies in Scotland ' .   Balmaghie ( ` Ballem ` gethe ' ) was erected into a free barony in 1348 and Gilbert Macge ( also M'Gy ( 1370-1426 ) ) is recorded as ` dominus de Balmage ' in 1426 . The family acquired progressively more influence and importance , especially during the reign of the Stuarts - Sir John McGhie of Balmaghie was knighted by Charles II . Having won favour with and then spurned the Stuarts at the right times , the family was prominent in Scottish and London society by the eighteenth century . However , this was lost with the sale of its estates and a severe lack of male heirs ; by the early 18th century the families of Balmaghie , Airie and Airds , and Castlehill were practically extinct . John McGhie , last of Castlehill , had six daughters , the eldest of whom had six sons who all died childless . Because this decline occurred before the romantic revival of interest in the clans , the family never acquired its own tartan . McGhees may therefore choose to show allegiance to either the MacDonalds or the Mackays in their choice of tartan . The Balmaghie Estate itself , consisting of about 4000 acre of agricultural and sporting land ( best known for its roe deer stalking ) is now owned by the Bond family .   The coat of arms of the Balmaghie McGhees is given as `` sable , three leopards ' heads erased argent . '' Its motto is `` Quae Sursum Volo '' ( `` I desire heavenly things '' ) . Early records of the arms show some variation , however :   Ceulx de Maligny - Azure , three lions ' faces or . ~ Armorial de Berry , 1440s   Maogee of Balmagy - Sable , three human faces Argent tongues extended Gules . ~ Slains Armorial , 1565   Macgie of Balmagie - Sable , three leopards ' heads erased affronte argent , langued gules . ~ Hague Roll , 1590s   Mcgie - Sable , three Leopard heads erased Argent . ~ Sir George Mackenzie 's The Science of Herauldrie , 1680   MacGie - Sable , three leopards ' heads Argent . ~ Nisbet 's A System of Heraldry , 1722   MacGie of Balmaghie - Sable , three leopards ' heads Or . ~ Nisbet 's A System of Heraldry , 1722   Magee -LSB- Ireland -RSB- - Crest , a lion , sejant , collared . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   Macgee - Gules , three martlets Or . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGee , or McGhee -LSB- West India -RSB- - Sable , a fesse between three leopards ' faces Argent . Motto , `` Fac et Spera '' . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   MacGhie -LSB- Balmagie , Scotland -RSB- - Sable , three leopards ' heads Or . ( Another , Argent ) . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGhie -LSB- England -RSB- - Sable , a fesse between three leopards ' faces Argent . Crest : an ostrich Argent , in the beak a horse-shoe Azure . ~ Robson 's '' The British Herald ' , 1830   MacGie - Azure , three leopards ' heads erased , Argent . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGie - Sable , a mullet arranged between three leopards ' heads , erased guardant Or . Crest : a leopard 's head , erased guardant Or , ducally gorged Gules . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   The other prominent Galloway branches of the family were those of Airds and Castlehill . The name was also commonly interchangeable with Mackie and Mackay in Wigtownshire and Kintyre , and a branch of the family controlled the Rhinns of Islay for several centuries . Alexander M'Ghie inherited the Lairdship of Atrochie in Aberdeenshire from his father Hugo .   McGhee and its variants ( e.g. McGee , McGie , McGhie , Magee , M'Gie etc. ) is also a common surname in Ireland . Persons bearing this name are almost certainly inter-related , given the volume of migration across the Irish Sea , in both directions , particularly during the Galloglass and Plantation years . While both Catholic and Protestant McGhees can be found , the Balmaghie family were Presbyterian and the family 's most notable churchmen were low Anglicans , as in the case of Archbishop Magee of Dublin and Archbishop Magee of York . The Revd Nathaniel McKie , a younger son of Balmaghie , was an eccentric and witty minister of Crossmichael who wrote the humorous self-parodying song `` Nae dominies for me , laddie , '' about a young minister spurned by a young lady for a man with finer livery . A prominent exception is the current Bishop of Cloyne , a Traditionalist Catholic who was falsely accused of murdering Pope John Paul I. Odo MacIdh was Canon of Argyll in 1433 .   The only peer with the surname is The Hon. Lord McGhie , Chairman of the Scottish Land Court and President of the Lands Tribunal for Scotland . Knights with this name include Sir John McGhie of Balmaghie ( knighted by Charles II ) , and Sir Ian Magee ( knighted by Elizabeth II ) . Robert Makgye was Court Jester to James II from 1441-50 .

neg: Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover .   The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history .   On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .

neg: Earl of Rothes Earl of Rothes ( pronounced `` Roth-is '' ) is a title in the Peerage of Scotland . It was created in 1458 for George Leslie , 1st Lord Leslie . He had already been created Lord Leslie in 1445 , also in the Peerage of Scotland . His grandson , the third Earl , having only succeeded his elder brother in March 1513 , was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September of the same year . His son , the fourth Earl , served as an Extraordinary Lord of Session . Lord Rothes was also tried for the murder of Cardinal Beaton but was acquitted .   His great-great-grandson , the seventh Earl , was a prominent statesman . He was notably Lord High Treasurer of Scotland from 1663 to 1667 and Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1667 to 1681 . In 1663 he obtained a new charter conferring the earldom of Rothes and lordship of Leslie ( which was regranted as Lord Leslie and Ballenbreich ) , in default of male issue of his own , on his eldest daughter Margaret , wife of Charles Hamilton , 5th Earl of Haddington , and her descendants male and female . It was stipulated in the charter that the earldoms of Rothes and Haddington should never be allowed to merge . In 1680 Lord Rothes was further honoured when he was made Lord Auchmotie and Caskieberry , Viscount of Lugtoun , Earl of Leslie , Marquess of Bambreich and Duke of Rothes , with normal remainder to the heirs male of his body . These titles were also in the Peerage of Scotland .   The Duke had no sons and on his death in 1681 the creations of 1680 became extinct . He was succeeded in the earldom of Rothes and the lordship of Leslie and Ballinbreich according to the charter of 1663 by his daughter Margaret , the eighth holder . Her husband Lord Haddington was succeeded by their second son Thomas ( see the Earl of Haddington for more information on this title ) while Margaret was succeeded by their eldest son John , the ninth Earl . He assumed the additional surname of Leslie and sat in the British House of Lords as a Scottish Representative Peer between 1708 and 1710 . His son , the tenth Earl , was a Lieutenant-General in the Army and notably served as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Ireland . From 1723 to 1734 and from 1747 to 1767 he was a Scottish Representative Peer in the House of Lords .   His son , the eleventh Earl , died unmarried at an early age and was succeeded by his eldest sister Jane Elizabeth , the twelfth holder of the titles . She was the wife of George Raymond Evelyn . Their son , the thirteenth Earl , served as a Scottish Representative Peer from 1812 to 1817 . Lord Rothes assumed the surname of Leslie in lieu of Evelyn . He was succeeded by his daughter Henrietta Anne , the fourteenth holder . She was the wife of George Gwyther who along with his wife assumed the surname of Leslie . Their grandson , the sixteenth Earl ( who succeeded his father ) died unmarried at a young age and was succeeded by his sister Henrietta , the seventeenth holder . She was wife of the Hon. George Waldegrave , younger son of William Waldegrave , 8th Earl Waldegrave .   They had no children and Henrietta was succeeded by her aunt Mary Elizabeth , the eighteenth holder . She was the second daughter of Henrietta Anne , the fourteenth holder , and the wife of Captain Martin Edward Haworth , who in 1886 assumed for himself and his family by Royal licence the additional surname of Leslie . Their grandson , the nineteenth Earl , sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish Representative Peer between 1906 and 1923 . The wife of the 19th Earl , Lucy Noël Martha Leslie , Countess of Rothes , is best known as a survivor of the sinking of RMS Titanic in 1912 . His son , the twentieth Earl , was a Scottish Representative Peer from 1931 to 1959 . the titles are held by his grandson , the twenty-second Earl , who succeeded his father in 2005 .   The courtesy title used by an heir apparent to the earldom is Lord Leslie .   The family seat is Littlecroft , near West Milton , Dorset .

neg: Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines .   Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race .   Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .

neg: Skirmish of Alness The Skirmish of Alness was a conflict that took place in October 1715 in Alness , in the county of Ross in the Scottish Highlands . It was part of the Jacobite rising of 1715 and pitted Highlanders loyal to the British-Hanoverian Government of George I of Great Britain against Highlanders loyal to the Jacobite House of Stuart .

neg: Napoleon (2007 film) Napoleon ( also known as Heroes & Villains : Napoleon ) is a 2007 United Kingdom television film first broadcast on BBC One on 12 November 2007 . It tells the story of Napoleon 's part in the Siege of Toulon in 1793 .   It was filmed on Malta and Gozo from November 2006 to April 2007 . The Beethoven-influenced musical score took a seventy piece orchestra and was not completed until mid-2007 .

neg: Rise to Rebellion Rise to Rebellion is a 2001 historical fiction book by Jeff Shaara that tells the story of the events leading up to the American Revolution . The book spans from the Boston Massacre to the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 . The events of the American Revolution are portrayed through the perspectives of multiple characters , including Sentry Hugh White of the British army , John Adams , Benjamin Franklin , Lieutenant-General Thomas Gage , George Washington , Governor Thomas Hutchinson , Captain James Hall , Abigail Adams , Paul Revere , Dr. Joseph Warren , and Major John Pitcairn .   Rise to Rebellion is the first of a two-part series on the American Revolution , modeled after Jeff and Michael Shaara 's Civil War trilogy . It is followed by The Glorious Cause .

neg: Restoration (Scotland) The Restoration was the return of the monarchy to Scotland in 1660 after the period of the Commonwealth , and the subsequent three decades of Scottish history until the Revolution and Convention of Estates of 1689 . It was part of a wider Restoration in the British Isles that included the return of the Stuart dynasty to the thrones of England and Ireland in the person of Charles II .   As military commander of the Commonwealth 's largest armed force , George Monck , governor-general in Scotland , was instrumental in the restoration of Charles II , who was proclaimed king in Edinburgh on 14 May 1660 . There was a general pardon for offences during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , but four individuals were excepted and executed . Under the eventual political settlement Scotland regained its independent system of law , parliament and kirk , but also regained the Lords of the Articles and bishops , and it now had a king who did not visit the country and ruled largely without reference to Parliament through a series of commissioners . These began with the Earl of Middleton and ended with the King 's brother and heir , James , Duke of York . The restoration of the Scottish Episcopacy led to a series of conflicts between Presbyterians and the Bishops of the Episcopalian establishment , culminating in the persecution of The Killing Time .   Charles died in 1685 and his brother the Duke of York succeeded him as James VII of Scotland and II of England . He survived attempted rebellions , but alienated much of the political nation by his Catholicism and policies . When William of Orange of the Netherlands , James ' Protestant son-in-law , invaded England in 1688 , James fled and William and his wife took over the throne as William II and Mary II . William called a Scottish Convention , which was dominated by the Presbyterians . It offered William and Mary the crown , and after the defeat of James ' supporters the bishops were abolished and a Presbyterian system reinstated in the kirk .   The economic conditions of the period were generally favourable , although the restoration of Scottish independence reinstated the economic border with England and English tariffs . The restoration of the monarchy also saw the restoration of the nobility to political power , although they may have exercised their power with more caution . It also saw the rise of the lairds , who continued to gain new local political powers . There was an attempt to restore the theatre to Scotland , which had suffered from the lack of a court and the hostility of the kirk . The Restoration saw the introduction of a style of country house among the Scottish nobility that encouraged a move towards a more leisure-oriented architecture . As in England , sculpture was dominated by foreign professionals . Scotland produced some notable artists and was also visited by many important continental artists . The period between 1679 and 1689 saw the foundation of many institutions that would be important in Scottish cultural and intellectual life .

neg: House of Dunkeld The House of Dunkeld , in Scottish Gaelic Dùn Chailleann ( meaning Fort of the Caledonii or of the Caledonians ) , is a historiographical and genealogical construct to illustrate the clear succession of Scottish kings from 1034 to 1040 and from 1058 to 1290 . The line is also variously referred to by historians as `` The Canmores '' , and `` MacMalcolm '' .   It is dynastically sort of a continuation to Cenél nGabráin of Dál Riata , `` race of Fergus '' , as `` house '' an originally Celtic concept to express one of the two rivalling leader clans of early medieval Scotland , whose founding father is king Fergus Mor of Dalriada . This Ferguside royal clan had rivalled the crown ( of Dalriada , then that of Alba ) against the Cenél Loairn , the later House of Moray for the preceding four or more centuries . The Cenél nGabráin were represented by the so-called House of Alpin before Dunkeld .   Sir Iain Moncreiffe made the case that Crínán of Dunkeld actually belonged to a Scottish sept of Irish Cenél Conaill royal dynasty , a branch of the Uí Néill . This of course would not exclude his descendants from also being a ( female line ) continuation of the Cenél nGabráin through Bethóc .   Genealogically the Dunkeld dynasty is based on Duncan I of Scotland being of a different agnatic clan to his predecessor and maternal grandfather Malcolm II of Scotland . However , sociohistorically , the reign of Duncan 's son Malcolm III of Scotland , which happens to coincide with the start of the centuries-long period of strong influence from the southern neighbour , the Kingdom of England , has been seen as a more important place to start .


query: Naomi Scott starred in a 2011 film.

pos: Lemonade Mouth (film) Lemonade Mouth is a 2011 teen musical film based on the novel of the same name by Mark Peter Hughes . The film was directed by Patricia Riggen and written by April Blair , and stars Bridgit Mendler , Adam Hicks , Hayley Kiyoko , Naomi Scott and Blake Michael . The Disney Channel Original Movie tells the story of five high school students who meet in detention and form a band to stand up for their beliefs and to overcome their individual and collective struggles . It premiered on April 15 , 2011 on the Disney Channel . It has been met with generally positive reviews , with some praising it for its many positive themes of honesty , integrity , and self-expression , and for its emphasis on the importance of the arts and of family and friendship . Other reviews have described it as a `` typically innocuous Disney channel flick '' . The soundtrack was released on April 12 , 2011 .

pos: Naomi Scott Naomi Grace Scott ( born 6 May 1993 ) is an English actress and singer . She is known for starring as Kimberly Hart , the Pink Ranger , in the 2017 Power Rangers movie and co-starring as Maddy Shannon in the science-fiction drama series Terra Nova . Scott also starred as Mohini `` Mo '' Banjaree in the Disney Channel original movie Lemonade Mouth , and as Megan in TV series Life Bites .

neg: All Your Dead Ones All Your Dead Ones ( Todos tus muertos ) is a 2011 Colombian drama film directed by Carlos Moreno . The film won an award for cinematography at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival .

neg: The Year of the Tiger The Year of the Tiger ( El año del tigre ) is a 2011 Chilean drama film directed by Sebastián Lelio about a prison inmate trying to find his family after the 2010 Chile earthquake .

neg: Burning Man (film) Burning Man is a 2011 Australian drama film written and directed by Jonathan Teplitzky .

neg: Cut (2011 film) Cut is a 2011 Japanese drama film directed by Amir Naderi , starring Hidetoshi Nishijima and Takako Tokiwa .

neg: Blue Crush 2 Blue Crush 2 is a 2011 direct-to-video film directed by Mike Elliott , and stars Sasha Jackson , Elizabeth Mathis , Ben Milliken , Chris Fisher , Gideon Emery and Sharni Vinson.It is not a sequel to the 2002 film Blue Crush . Film reviews were generally negative .

neg: Men Suddenly in Love Men Suddenly in Love is a 2011 Hong Kong romantic comedy film produced by , written by and directed by Wong Jing . Film stars Eric Tsang , Chapman To , Jim Chim , Wong Jing and Tat Dik .

neg: Winners (film) Winners is a 2011 documentary film .

neg: Born Bad Born Bad is a 2011 American crime thriller film written and directed by Jared Cohn . The film stars Michael Welch , Bonnie Dennison , Meredith Monroe , and David Chokachi .   The film is considered by some to be a recollection of the 1996 movie Fear - one in which Welch has the Mark Wahlberg role and Dennison is in Reese Witherspoon 's .

neg: The Perfect Student The Perfect Student is a 2011 American thriller movie directed by Michael Feifer and starring Natasha Henstridge , Josie Davis , Brea Grant , and Jay Pickett . It was premiered on TV in France on March 14 , 2011 , and released on DVD on January 17 , 2012 .

neg: Beauty (2011 film) Beauty ( Skoonheid ) is a 2011 South African film directed by Oliver Hermanus . It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the South African entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .

neg: Vampire (2011 film) Vampire is a 2011 dramatic horror-thriller film that was directed and written by Shunji Iwai . It was first released on January 22 , 2011 at the Sundance Film Festival and is the first film he has directed in English . The movie stars Kevin Zegers as a teacher who believes himself to be a blood-drinking vampire .

neg: My Own Swordsman My Own Swordsman is a 2011 Chinese period action comedy film directed by Jing Shang . The film was released on January 26 , 2011 .

neg: The Undying The Undying is a 2011 American supernatural romantic thriller written by David M. Flynn and Steven Peros and directed by Steven Peros . The film stars Robin Weigert , Anthony Carrigan , Wes Studi , Jay O. Sanders , and Sybil Temtchine .

neg: Wuthering Heights (2011 film) Wuthering Heights is a 2011 British romantic gothic , period drama film directed by Andrea Arnold and starring Kaya Scodelario as Catherine and James Howson as Heathcliff . The screenplay , written by Andrea Arnold and Olivia Hetreed , is based on Emily Brontë 's 1847 Wuthering Heights .

neg: Demons Never Die Demons Never Die ( originally titled Suicide Kids ) is a British 2011 slasher film starring Robert Sheehan , Jennie Jacques , Jacob Anderson , Jason Maza , Emma Rigby . Ashley Walters , Reggie Yates and Tulisa Contostavlos .

neg: Finding Me: Truth Finding Me : Truth is a 2011 drama film by director Roger S. Omeus Jr. and a sequel to the 2009 Finding Me .

neg: Take Me Home (2011 film) Take Me Home is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by and starring Sam Jaeger . The film also stars his wife Amber Jaeger , Lin Shaye , and Victor Garber . It premiered on April 19 , 2011 at the Nashville Film Festival . Take Me Home was released to DVD on May 29 , 2012 .

neg: Salmon Fishing in the Yemen Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is a 2011 British romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Ewan McGregor , Emily Blunt , Kristin Scott Thomas and Amr Waked . Based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Paul Torday , and a screenplay by Simon Beaufoy , the film is about a fisheries expert who is recruited by a consultant to help realize a sheikh 's vision of bringing the sport of fly fishing to the Yemen desert , initiating an upstream journey of faith to make the impossible possible . The film was shot on location in London , Scotland , and Morocco from August to October 2010 . The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . The film received generally positive reviews upon its release , and earned $ 34,564,651 in revenue worldwide .

neg: America (2011 film) America is a 2011 Puerto Rican drama film directed by Sonia Fritz . The film was selected as the Puerto Rican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but was disqualified because of a rule change .


query: Mukesh Ambani is on the 2016 Forbes list of the world's most powerful people, at number 38.

pos: Mukesh Ambani Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani ( born 19 April 1957 ) is an Indian business magnate who is the chairman , managing director and largest shareholder of Reliance Industries Limited ( RIL ) , a Fortune Global 500 company and India 's second-most valuable company by market value . He holds a 44.7 % stake in the company . RIL deals mainly in refining , petrochemicals , and in the oil and gas sectors . Reliance Retail Ltd. , another subsidiary , is the largest retailer in India .   He is the elder son of the late Dhirubhai Ambani and Kokilaben Ambani and the brother of Anil Ambani . In 2016 , he was ranked 38 , and is the only Indian businessman , on Forbes list of the world 's most powerful people . , Ambani has consistently held the title of India 's richest person on the magazine 's list for ten years . Through Reliance , he also owns the Indian Premier League franchise Mumbai Indians . In 2012 , Forbes named him one of the richest sports owners in the world . He resides at the Antilia Building , one of the world 's most expensive private residences . Its value is close to 1 billion dollars . , Ambani ranked fifth among India 's philanthropists , according to China 's Hurun Research Institute .   He has served on the board of directors of Bank of America and the international advisory board of the Council on Foreign Relations . He was the chairman of the board of Indian Institute of Management Bangalore , which is one of the leading business schools in India .

neg: Social movement in India From the early 1970s new forms of social mobilisation began in India . They gained a variety of names such as social movement , people 's movement , popular movements etc. . These movements emerged and highlighted some of the major issues such as gender and environment .   One of the leading analyst and participant in social movements in India , Sanjay Sangvi , identified the major agendas of them as `` Movements of landless , unorganised labour in rural and urban areas , adivasis , dalits , displaced people , peasants , urban poor , small entrepreneurs and unemployed youth took up the issues of livelihood , opportunities , dignity and development . ''   Most well known movements in the country are Chipko movement , Save Silent Valley , Narmada Bachao Andolan , Koel Karo , Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha , Jhola Aandolan chutmarika ( fighting polythene ) , Appiko movement , Save Kudremukh , Lok Satta Movement , Swadhyay Movement , Swatantra Sharad Joshi , Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha   These movements largely distanced themselves from political parties , or tried to cut across the ideologies of the political parties . Yet many of them rooted themselves or drew from ideologies of the Mahatma Gandhi , various shades environmentalisms or gender politics , or socialism .   The most recent of social movements is ` Campaign against corruption ' , April 2011 , led by a group of social activists - Anna Hazare , Arvind Kejriwal , Kiran Bedi , a Gandhian sits on , Sri Ram Burgula the heart of New Delhi , capital of India , for fast unto death , demanding enactment of the long pending Jan Lokpal Bill . This movement got support of general masses and media . This created a buzz when political leaders were denied sharing of dias with the social activists . This movement is a landmark in the constitutional history of independent India , which has forced government to include 5 non-official members in the Sri Ram Burgula Bill Drafting committee . Usually , only ministers are members of any legislation drafting committees . While enactment of the law and action by Sri Ram Burgula and Sri Ram Burgula ( ombudsmen ) will take some more time to be on actual ground , this movement has certainly made corruption a major social issue in India .   Some of the popular leaders of such movements are Sunderlal Bahuguna , Medha Patkar , Baba Amte , Vandana Shiva , Vijaypal Baghel , etc. .

neg: Azim Premji Azim Hashim Premji ( born 24 July 1945 ) is an Indian business tycoon , investor , and philanthropist , who is the chairman of Wipro Limited . He is informally known as the Czar of the Indian IT Industry . He was responsible for guiding Wipro through four decades of diversification and growth to finally emerge as one of the global leaders in the software industry . In 2010 , he was voted among the 20 most powerful men in the world by Asiaweek . He has twice been listed among the 100 most influential people by TIME Magazine , once in 2004 and more recently in 2011 . Premji owns 73 % percent of Wipro and also owns a private equity fund , PremjiInvest , which manages his $ 2 billion worth of personal portfolio .   He is currently the second richest person in india with an estimated net worth of US$ 16.1 billion as of April 2017 . In 2013 , he agreed to give away at least half of his wealth by signing The Giving Pledge . Premji started with a $ 2.2 billion donation to the Azim Premji Foundation , focused on education in India .

neg: List of wealthiest charitable foundations This is a list of wealthiest charitable foundations worldwide . It consists of the 36 largest charitable foundations , private foundations engaged in philanthropy , and other charitable organizations .   Only nonprofit foundations are included in this list . Organisations that are part of a larger company are excluded , such as holding companies .   The entries are ordered by the size of the organisation 's financial endowment ( that is , the value of assets net of liabilities , or invested donations ) . The endowment value is an estimate measured in United States dollars , based on the exchange rates on December 31 , 2016 . Due to fluctuations in holdings , currency exchange and asset values , this list only represents the valuation of each foundation on a single day .

neg: List of largest Chinese companies This article lists the largest companies in China in terms of their revenue , net profit and total assets , according to the American business magazines Fortune and Forbes . In 2014 , Fortune '' 's Global 500 list of the world 's largest corporations included 95 Chinese companies , with combined revenues of US$ 5.8 trillion . That same year , Forbes '' reported that five of the world 's ten largest public companies were Chinese , including the world 's largest bank by total assets , the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China . Many of China 's largest companies are state-owned enterprises , due to the significant presence of the governing Chinese Communist Party in the national economy .

neg: Pollution of the Ganges Pollution of the Ganges ( or Ganga ) , the largest river in India , poses significant threats to human health and the larger environment . Severely polluted with human waste and industrial contaminants , the river provides water to about 40 % of India 's population across 11 states , serving an estimated population of 500 million people or more , more than any other river in the world .   Today , Ganges is considered to be the fifth most polluted river in the world . Raghubir Singh has noted that no one in India spoke of the Ganges as polluted until the late 1970s . However , pollution has been an old and continuous process in the river as by the time people were finally speaking of the Ganges as polluted , stretches of over six hundred kilometers were essentially ecologically dead zones .   A number of initiatives have been undertaken to clean the river but failed to deliver desired results . After getting elected , India 's Prime minister Narendra Modi affirmed to work in cleaning the river and controlling pollution . Subsequently , the Namami Ganga project was announced by the government in the July 2014 budget . An estimated Rs 2,958 Crores have been spent till July 2016 in various efforts in cleaning up of the river .

neg: M. Sayeedur Rahman Khan M. Rahman Khan ( born October 6 , 1946 ) is a prominent academic and diplomat from Bangladesh . He is a former vice-chancellor of University of Rajshahi and former High Commissioner of Bangladesh in the UK .

neg: 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation On 8 November 2016 , the Government of India announced the demonetisation of all and banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series . The government claimed that the action would curtail the shadow economy and crack down on the use of illicit and counterfeit cash to fund illegal activity and terrorism . The sudden nature of the announcement -- and the prolonged cash shortages in the weeks that followed -- created significant disruption throughout the economy , threatening economic output . The move was heavily criticised as poorly planned and unfair , and was met with protests , litigation , and strikes .   Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi announced the demonetisation in an unscheduled live televised address at 20:00 Indian Standard Time ( IST ) on 8 November . In the announcement , Modi declared that use of all 500 and 1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series would be invalid past midnight , and announced the issuance of new 500 and 2000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series in exchange for the old banknotes .   The BSE SENSEX and NIFTY 50 stock indices fell over 6 percent on the day after the announcement . In the days following the demonetisation , the country faced severe cash shortages with severe detrimental effects across the economy . People seeking to exchange their bank notes had to stand in lengthy queues , and several deaths were linked due to the rush to exchange cash .   Initially , the move received support from several bankers as well as from some international commentators . It was heavily criticised by members of the opposition parties , leading to debates in both houses of parliament and triggering organised protests against the government in several places across India . The move is considered to have reduced the country 's GDP and industrial production . As the cash shortages grew in the weeks following the move , the demonetisation was heavily criticised by prominent economists and by world media .

neg: American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) .   `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky .   Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . ''   Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class .   In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''

neg: Modi Group The Modi Group ( consisting Godfrey Phillips India , Indofil Industries Ltd. , Modicare Limited ) is an Indian Business conglomerate based in New Delhi , India . It is a US $ 2.8 billion organization headed by Krishan Kumar Modi . The group has diversified business portfolio of making cigarettes , tea & beverages , entertainment , consumer products , multi-level marketing , chemicals , tertiary education and gourmet restaurants .   In April 2010 , Krishan Kumar Modi , Chairman of Modi Group announced the succession plan for his business empire , quoting to Media about his business to be shared equally among his three children which at present is run by K K Modi Family Trust , of which he is the Managing Trustee .   In June 2011 , The Modi Group announced that it was planning to acquire majority control in Godfrey Phillips India from Philip Morris , the American Tobacco Manufacturer . Both group had a 36 % share in the company until in 2009 , Modi Group acquired an additional 10.8 % stake in GPI from Philip Morris for US $ 27 million , taking its share to 47 % . As per the Joint Venture agreement , Modi Group has the right to take its holdings up to 51 % by buying further into Philip Morris ' holdings to gain majority control of the company . The deal brought Philip Morris ' stake down to 21 % .

neg: Cabinet of Pakistan The Cabinet of Pakistan is composed and consisted of the most senior and elected officers of the executive branch of the Government of Pakistan . All cabinet secretariats are directed and perform their government administrative operations by people-elected statesmen and officers who are generally designated as `` Ministers '' of their cabinet secretariats .   The existence of the Cabinet dates back to first Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan who appointed the first cabinet of numbers of civil servants and statesmen to assist to advise him and to assist him in carrying out his government duties . The Cabinet federally directs its operations under the powers granted by the Constitution , which is constitutionally established under the Article 81D of the Constitution that granted the existence of the Cabinet .   All Cabinet members are nominated and appointed by people-elected Prime minister , and are sworn with the Prime Minister , by the President to begin their duties and secretariat operations . The Prime Minister directs the government and oversees the government operations and duties of secretariat , with numbers of state ministers and advisers to provide and assist him . The Prime Minister plays an influential role in running the government , which means the Prime minister may dismiss them or reappoint them ( to other posts ) at will .   In June 2013 , a new cabinet was announced by the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif ; all cabinet officials are from the Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) ( PMLN ) .

neg: South Asia South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia .   The current territories of Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Maldives , Nepal , India , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka form the countries of South Asia . The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia .   South Asia covers about 5.1 million km2 ( 1.9 million mi2 ) , which is 11.51 % of the Asian continent or 3.4 % of the world 's land surface area . The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion or about one fourth of the world 's population , making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world . Overall , it accounts for about 39.49 % of Asia 's population ( or over 24 % of the world 's population ) and is home to a vast array of peoples .   In 2010 , South Asia had the world 's largest population of Hindus , Jains and Sikhs . There are 507 million Muslims as well as over 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists in South Asia .

neg: Welspun Group Welspun Group is a multinational company whose core industries are steel , energy , and textiles . Welspun is one of India 's fastest growing conglomerates , doing business in over 50 countries with 24,000 employees and over 100,000 shareholders . Its clients include companies operating in the oil and gas and retail sectors such as Chevron , ExxonMobil , WalMart , and Target .

neg: P8 Group The P8 Group brings together senior leaders from some of the world 's largest public pension funds to develop actions relating to global issues and particularly climate change . It is an initiative of the Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership ( CPSL ) and HRH Prince of Wales 's Business and Environment Programme ( BEP ) supported by the Environmental Capital Group ( ECG ) and the Nand & Jeet Khemka Foundation .   The P8 Group involves ten leading global pension funds and sovereign wealth funds , including representatives from Europe , Asia , Australasia and North America . They represent over $ 3 trillion of investment capital and as pension funds have an inherently long term focus .   In November 2007 the first P8 Summit was held . This brought together leaders from eight of the world 's largest public pension funds with key experts including Vice President Al Gore and HRH Prince of Wales . The P8 Summit was a critical start in getting pension funds to lead in the move toward a low carbon economy . Participants agreed to continue working together to address climate change , both within their organizations and as a group to influence policy and markets .   The group , at this point 10 pension funds , met again in July 2008 to further develop their strategy . At this meeting HRH Prince of Wales welcomed their continued `` determination to put substantial money into investments that address climate change . ''   This organisation has now disbanded , and was replaced in 2010 by the P80 Group Foundation .

neg: Mr. India (1987 film) Mr. India is a 1987 Indian Hindi science fiction superhero film directed by Shekhar Kapur . It stars Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Amrish Puri in the lead roles   The film was the highest grossing Indian film of 1987 , and remains a cult classic in India . The film was known for several of its lines and songs , including Sridevi 's Miss Hawa Hawaii performance , and Amrish Puri 's quote `` Mogambo khush hua '' ( Mogambo is pleased ) , which is one of the most famous quotes of Bollywood and became synonymous with Puri . The Mogambo character is also considered to be one of the best villains in Bollywood history . Laxmikant-Pyarelal 's music performed well too , especially the song Hawa Hawaii which is very popular till today . The film has often been featured in different lists of top Bollywood films . Indiatimes Movies ranks the movie amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films . This was the last film that the writing duo Salim-Javed wrote together . They had split up earlier in 1982 , but came back for one last film .   On the centenary of Indian Cinema , Mr. India has been declared one of the 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time . Interestingly Rajesh Khanna and Amitabh Bachchan were offered the lead role , but they turned it down as they could n't relate with the invisible hero .

neg: Kyoto-Varanasi Partner City Agreement Shortly after arriving in Kyoto , Japan for a 5-day bilateral meeting with Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe , Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and Prime Minister Abe announced the Kyoto-Varanasi Partner City Agreement . The text of the agreement was signed in the presence of the leaders of both nations by Mayor of Kyoto Daisaku Kadokawa and Ambassador of India to Japan Smt . Deepa Gopalan Wadhwa .   As Varanasi forms a part of Prime Minister Modi 's Lok Sabha constituency , `` the prime minister ensured that Kashi , on the banks of river Ganges , finds a partner in Kyoto , as India 's holy city moves ahead on the path of revival to become the ` smart heritage city ' - Modi 's fascinating dream to turn his parliamentary constituency into a modern 21st-century city , yet retaining its rich tradition and cultural heritage . ''   On December 3 , 2014 , the Press Information Bureau ( PIB ) of the Government of India 's Ministry of Urban Development announced the formation of an 11-member steering committee to facilitate , in line with Prime Minister Modi 's directives , the modernization of water management , sewage management , waste management and urban transportation , `` drawing upon Japanese expertise and technologies . '' The committee will also promote the `` application of Japanese practices , techniques and management for conservation of rich heritage of Varanasi '' and foster `` exchanges between Kyoto University and Banares Hindu University , as well as religious organisations . ''

neg: Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' .  This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate .   In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' .   In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . ''   In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower .   In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states .  For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state ''   The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon .  Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''

neg: Noida Noida , short for the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( Hindi : ' नवीन ओखला औद्योगिक विकास प्राधिकरण ' ) , is a systematically planned Indian city under the management of the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( also called NOIDA ) . It is part of National Capital Region of India . Noida came into administrative existence on 17 April 1976 and celebrates 17 April as `` Noida Day '' . It was set up as part of an urbanisation thrust during the controversial Emergency period ( 1975 -- 1977 ) . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act by the initiatives of Sanjay Gandhi . The city has the highest per capita income in the whole National Capital Region . The Noida Authority is among the richest civic bodies in the country . As per provisional reports of Census India , the population of Noida in 2011 is 642,381 ; of which male and female are 352,577 and 289,804 respectively . Roads in Noida are lined by trees and it is considered to be India 's greenest city with about 50 % green cover , the highest of any city in India .   Noida is located in Gautam Buddh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state . The district 's administrative headquarters are in the nearby town of Greater Noida . However , the district 's highest government official , the District Magistrate ( DM ) , has its official camp office in Noida Sector-27 . The city is a part of the Noida Vidhan Sabha ( state assembly ) constituency and Gautam Buddha Nagar ( Lok Sabha constituency ) . Minister of State for Culture , Tourism of Civil Aviation Mahesh Sharma of the BJP is the current MP of Noida . The current MLA is Pankaj Singh ( politician ) .   Noida was ranked as the Best City in Uttar Pradesh and the Best City in Housing in all of India in awards conducted by abp news in 2015 ( Best City Awards 2015 ) , Noida replaced Mumbai as the second-best realty destination , according to an analyst report . Noida has emerged as a hot spot for IT and IT-enabled services industry with many large companies setting up their businesses here . It is becoming the preferred destination for companies offering IT , ITeS , BPO , BTO and KPO services in various domains such as banking , financial services , insurance , pharma , auto , fast-moving consumer goods and manufacturing . According to a study by Assocham the major advantages include an excellent power supply , a salubrious climate eminently suited to information technology ( IT ) industries , a capability to increase the pool of skilled manpower , the availability of engineering colleges and other educational institutions , the low cost of setting up an IT unit as well as low recurring costs ( including cost of living ) .

neg: Sun Yafang Sun , Yafang is a Chinese engineer who has served as the chairwoman of Huawei since 1999 . As of 2016 , she is listed as the 38th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes .

neg: Steve Forbes Malcolm Stevenson `` Steve '' Forbes , Jr. ( -LSB- fɔrbz -RSB- born July 18 , 1947 ) is an American publishing executive , who was twice a candidate for the nomination of the Republican Party for President . Forbes is the Editor-in-Chief of Forbes , a business magazine . Forbes was a Republican candidate in the 1996 and 2000 Presidential primaries . Forbes is the son of longtime Forbes publisher Malcolm Forbes , and the grandson of that publication 's founder , B.C. Forbes .

neg: Prime Minister of Pakistan The Prime Minister of Pakistan ( -LSB- -- , -LSB- ʋəˈziːr-ˌeː ˈɑː.zəm -RSB- ; lit . `` Grand Vizier '' ) , is the head of government of Pakistan and designated as the `` chief executive of the Republic '' . The Prime Minister leads the executive branch of the government , oversees the economic growth , heads the Council of Common Interests as well as the Cabinet , and is vested with the command authority over the nuclear arsenals .   This position places its holder in leadership of the nation and in control over all matters of internal and foreign policy . The incumbent Prime Minister is Nawaz Sharif -- a presiding figure of the conservative Pakistan Muslim League ( N ) . The Prime Minister is elected by the members of the National Assembly and therefore is usually the leader of the majority party in the parliament . The Constitution of Pakistan vests the executive powers in the Prime Minister who is responsible for appointing the Cabinet as well as running the executive branch , taking and authorising executive decisions , appointments and recommendations that require executive confirmation of the Prime Minister .   Constitutionally , the Prime Minister serves as the chief adviser to President of Pakistan on critical matters and plays an influential role in appointment in each branch and the military leadership as well as ensuring the control of the military through chairman joint chiefs . Powers of the Prime Minister have significantly grown with a delicate system of the check and balance by each branch . The position was absent during years of 1960 -- 73 and 1977-85 due to imposed martial law . In each of these periods , the military junta led by the President had the powers of the Prime Minister .


query: Whoopi Goldberg was born in 1955.

pos: Whoopi Goldberg Caryn Elaine Johnson ( born November 13 , 1955 ) , known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg ( -LSB- ˈwhʊpi -RSB- ) , is an American actress , comedian , author and television host . She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Emmy Award , a Grammy Award , an Oscar , and a Tony Award . She was the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar .   In the period drama film The Color Purple ( 1985 ) , her breakthrough role was playing Celie , a mistreated black woman in the Deep South , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In the romantic fantasy film Ghost ( 1990 ) , Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown , an eccentric psychic who helped a slain man ( Patrick Swayze ) save his lover ( Demi Moore ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress .   In 1992 , she starred as a pretend nun in the comedy Sister Act . From 1998 to 2002 , she was co-producer of the television game show Hollywood Squares . Since 2007 , she has been the moderator of the daytime television talk show The View .

neg: Operation Blessing International Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation ( OBI ) is a non-profit 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) humanitarian organization founded in the United States . Beginning in 1978 , OBI has operations in 105 countries and all 50 US states , providing goods and services valued at more than $ 3.1 billion . Implementing programs that provide disaster relief , medical aid , clean water , hunger relief , community development and orphan care , Operation Blessing is governed by a national board of directors that includes founder M. G. `` Pat '' Robertson .

neg: Hopie Hopie , née Kae Hope Ranoa , is a San Francisco Bay Area rapper and lawyer .

neg: Dean Friedman Dean Friedman ( born May 23 , 1955 ) is an American singer-songwriter who plays piano , keyboard , guitar and other instruments , including the harmonica .

neg: Andrew Goldberg (writer) Andrew Goldberg ( born March 17 , 1978 ) is an American writer for Family Guy , where he has written several episodes . He is also the author of Brian Griffin 's Guide to Booze , Broads , and the Lost Art of Being a Man , a book published by HarperCollins focusing on Brian Griffin 's beliefs .   In 2016 , he co-created the animated sitcom Big Mouth with Nick Kroll .

neg: William Garonwy Griffiths William Garonwy Griffiths ( born 1955 ) is an American author . He was born on Long Island in New York and lived in New Hampshire .

neg: Lee Jussim Lee Jussim is an American social psychologist who was in born 1955 in the East New York section of Brooklyn , in New York City .

neg: Herbie Hancock Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ( born April 12 , 1940 ) is an American pianist , keyboardist , bandleader , composer and actor . Starting his career with Donald Byrd , he shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet where Hancock helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound . He was one of the first jazz musicians to embrace synthesizers and funk music . Hancock 's music is often melodic and accessible ; he has had many songs `` cross over '' and achieved success among pop audiences .   Hancock 's best-known compositions include `` Cantaloupe Island '' , `` Watermelon Man '' ( later performed by dozens of musicians , including bandleader Mongo Santamaría ) , `` Maiden Voyage '' , `` Chameleon '' , and the singles `` I Thought It Was You '' and `` Rockit '' . His 2007 tribute album River : The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year , only the second jazz album ever to win the award , after Getz/Gilberto in 1965 .

neg: Cubby Bryant Paul `` Cubby '' Bryant ( born June 1 , 1971 ) is a radio personality , currently working as the morning host at 103.5 WKTU in New York City From 2006-2008 Cubby served as the co-host and sidekick to Whoopi Goldberg on the nationally syndicated morning show Wake Up With Whoopi . Before joining Whoopi Goldberg as co-host of the morning show , Bryant was at crosstown sister station WHTZ serving as their Afternoon Drive Disc Jockey and Music Director .   Bryant began his radio career in his hometown of Virginia Beach , VA at WGH-FM ( 97 Star ) in 1988 , there was where he inherited his current radio name Cubby ( a name given to him by WGH DJ 's  Tony Macrini and Jeff Moreau ) for being so young ( at the time 16 ) and in radio . It was a take off of Alabama football coach Paul `` Bear '' Bryant ( no relation ) . Then , Bryant joined 104.1 KRBE in Houston , TX as Night Host and Music Director from 1990-1996 . In 1996 , Bryant began his tenure at WHTZ ( Z100 ) in New York City as Afternoon Drive Host and Music Director . In 2000 , Bryant went around the world with the group Backstreet Boys to promote the release of Black & Blue , the boys traveled around the world in 100 hours to Sweden , Japan , Australia , South Africa , Brazil , and the US ; 55 of the hours were spent traveling and 45 were spent making public appearances .   In mid-2006 , Bryant announced he would be leaving WHTZ after a ten-year run with the station to co-host Wake Up With Whoopi . WKTU cancelled Wake Up With Whoopi in November 2007 .   In January 2008 , Bryant left Wake Up With Whoopi , still airing in syndication in a few markets , to return to WKTU , this time as the station 's solo morning host .   Bryant is a resident of East Brunswick , NJ after moving from New York , NY . He was born and raised in Virginia Beach , Virginia .

neg: Randy Goldberg Randy Goldberg ( born June 28 , 1960 ) is an American astrologer based in Washington D.C. , who has appeared on CNN , The Washington Post and National Public Radio .   Goldberg was formerly a yogic monk , who studied for two years in India , and practiced throughout Thailand , Malaysia , Singapore , Denmark , Germany and France . He is a graduate of the DC Hellinger Institute , and a founder of the Arlington Healing Center .   Goldberg approaches astrology from a mythic Jungian perspective , using both the Western and Indian Vedic systems .

neg: A Knight in Camelot A Knight in Camelot is a 1998 television film starring Whoopi Goldberg and Michael York . It was directed by Roger Young , distributed by Disney and is loosely based on Mark Twain 's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court .

neg: Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1955 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1955 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring 10 hit recordings from 1955 . The volume is the first in a series of albums by Rhino Records that chronicled years in music , starting from 1955 and continuing through 1995 .   Each of the albums issued in the series included a `` Time Capsule '' in its liner notes . These notes served as a synopsis for the year featured on the album , including the top news headlines , sports events , television programs and trends in fashion and popular culture .   The track lineups tended to feature most of the year 's top 10 hits , although some of the year 's most popular songs on a given album were not included for various reasons -- most commonly , licensing restrictions . This would be most evident for several of Rhino 's Billboard volumes covering the 1960s , where songs by The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were not included . In such cases , other songs that were among the most popular of the year were substituted .   For the 1955 track lineup , just one song topped the Billboard Best Sellers in Stores chart : `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley & His Comets . Also included was `` Sincerely '' by The Moonglows , whose version -- which topped the Top Rhythm & Blues Songs chart -- was used in place of The McGuire Sisters ' version , which reached No. 1 on the Best Sellers in Stores mainstream chart . Most of the other songs reached the top 10 of one of the three charts Billboard had in place at the time -- the Best Sellers in Stores , Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes .   Rhino 's mainstream pop top hits volumes for the years 1955 through 1974 were titled `` Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits . '' Starting with the 1975 volume and continuing through the 1995 entry , the series became known as `` Billboard Top Hits . ''

neg: Open Sesame (Whodini album) Open Sesame , released in 1987 , was the fourth album by American hip hop group Whodini . This album spawned the single `` Be Yourself . '' The album was certified gold by the RIAA .

neg: Weitbrecht Communications Weitbrecht Communications , Inc. ( WCI ) is a Santa Monica , California company that specializes in providing products for deaf people . The company was founded as Applied Communications around 1965 by Robert Weitbrecht and James C. Marsters based on Weitbrecht 's invention of the teleprinter at SRI International ( then Stanford Research Institute ) .

neg: Nieca Goldberg Nieca Goldberg ( born October 21 , 1957 ) is an American medical doctor , a practicing cardiologist , a senior executive in the health care industry , an associate professor in medicine , an author , and a weekly radio show host . The American College of Cardiology , describes Goldberg as a `` clinical innovator '' and `` a nationally recognized pioneer in women 's heart health . ''

neg: Joel Moss Levinson Joel Moss Levinson is a writer , comedian from Yellow Springs , Ohio . He often collaborates with his older brother , Stephen Levinson , as the Levinson Brothers .   The pair were a part of TedX Dayton 2014 , speaking about successful collaboration .   Along with their third partner , CONAN and former Daily Show writer Rob Kutner , the Levinson Brothers released `` 2776 '' a comedy/musical album benefitting the charity OneKid OneWorld . Featuring Aimee Mann , Patton Oswalt , Ed Helms , Ashanti , Reggie Watts , Ira Glass , Nina Totenberg , Will Forte , Rebirth Brass Band , Yo La Tengo , Margaret Cho , Neko Case , Kelly Hogan , Dick Cavett , Dick Gregory , k.d. lang , Will Arnett , Alex Trebek and more , the album appeared briefly on the Billboard Comedy charts . The album 's liner notes were written by George Saunders and appeared in the New Yorker Joel composed the music for all but two of the 28 tracks .   n 2012 , the Levinson Brothers and Rob Kutner released an EP called `` It 's OK To Do Stuff '' in celebration of the 40th anniversary of `` Free To Be You And Me . '' Made up of songs satirizing the original with songs about gender , childhood , equality and relationships . `` It 's Okay to Do Stuff is first and foremost meant to be funny -- and it is , most of the time . Here , the earnestness of Free to Be is replaced with satire , but irony is the ethos of our age , remember ? '' The album features Lizzy Caplan , Fred Willard , Jane Weidlin , Steven Page , Colin Hanks , Fred Stoller , Eddie Pepitone , Eugene Mirman and others .   Joel gained national attention in 2008 as an Internet personality who professionally wins consumer generated marketing contests , and earned more than money and prizes , by creating corporate jingles and short commercials .   Levinson grew up in Dayton , Ohio . His father Jim was a prosecutor and his mother was a writer . He attended George Washington University for a few semesters . He worked for the KIO ( Kentucky , Indiana , Ohio ) region for BBYO and traveled the country as a song leader for the organization .   In November 2008 , he appeared on The Tonight Show to talk about his contest winnings . Joel was named an Access Hollywood Rising Star on December 1 , 2008 . In 2009 he appeared on CBS News with Katie Couric .

neg: Michael Goldberg (painter) Michael Goldberg ( December 24 , 1924 -- December 31 , 2007 ) was an American abstract expressionist painter and teacher known for his gestural action paintings , abstractions and still-life paintings . A retrospective show , `` Abstaction Over Time : The Paintings of Michael Goldberg '' , is showing at MOCA Jacksonville in Florida from 9/21/13 to 1/5/14 . His work was seen in September 2007 in a solo exhibition at Knoedler & Company in New York City , as well as several exhibitions at Manny Silverman Gallery in Los Angeles . Additionally , a survey of Goldberg 's work is exhibited at the University Art Museum at California State University , Long Beach since September 2010 .

neg: Elizabeth Nickson Elizabeth Nickson is a Canadian writer and journalist . In the late 1980s and early 1990s , she was European bureau chief of Life magazine .   In 2002 , Elizabeth Nickson 's column at the National Post was terminated due to a case of plagiarism .   Canada 's National Post has dismissed a columnist due to concerns over plagiarism . The news broke in an Editor 's Note the paper ran on Friday :   `` In freelancer Elizabeth Nickson 's column in the National Post of May 31 , 2002 , the following words should have been attributed to Jonah Goldberg of National Review Online :   `` Kim Basinger is ` allergic ' to the sun and requires an assistant to carry an umbrella to protect her on the off chance she might be exposed to dangerous solar radiation . Sylvester Stallone once refused to continue with an interview until his hotel room was painted a more ` likable ' peach . Mike Myers almost quit the filming of Wayne 's World because he did n't have any margarine for his bagel . Sean Penn made an assistant swim the dangerous and polluted currents of New York 's East River just to bring him a cigarette . Jennifer Lopez is just one of the many stars who does not permit her employees to look her in the eyes . ''   These sentences , as they appeared in Ms. Nickson 's column published two and a half years ago , were slightly revised from Mr. Goldberg 's original article that appeared a year earlier in 2001 . The National Post regrets the omission of the attribution to Mr. Goldberg and the National Review .   While Ms. Nickson indicated that her failure to attribute the passage was inadvertent , the Post has decided to discontinue her weekly freelance column . ''

neg: Television's Greatest Hits: 65 TV Themes! From the 50's and 60's 65 TV Themes ! From the 50 's and 60 's is the first volume of the Television 's Greatest Hits series of compilation albums by TVT Records . From the 50 's and 60 's was a double LP that featured 65 themes from television shows ranging from the mid-1950s until the late 1960s .   The album catalog was later acquired by The Bicycle Music Company . In September 2011 , Los Angeles-based Oglio Records announced they were releasing the Television 's Greatest Hits song catalog after entering into an arrangement The Bicycle Music Company . A series of 9 initial `` 6-packs '' including some of the songs from the album has been announced for 2011 .   Don Pardo `` hosted '' the original LP and cassette versions from 1985 . Five tracks are exclusive to the original 1985 releases ...  The first track on the first record/tape , side one , begins with a musical sample of Edvard Grieg 's `` Morning Mood '' from the Peer Gynt suite , which is interrupted by Don Pardo beginning the `` broadcast day . ''  Side one concludes with a faux test announcement of the Emergency Broadcast System , leading into the `` Duck and Cover '' song ( from the 1951 Civil Defense education film of the same name . )  Side two concludes with easy-listening music and Pardo making announcements of the `` station '' having technical difficulties and to please stand by . This was also sampled on Hexstatic 's album Rewind .  Side three ( the first side on the second record/tape ) concludes with a medley of news themes and announcer voices , led off by Pardo announcing a faux news bulletin interrupting the `` broadcast '' over a music sample of Beethoven 's 9th Symphony , specifically the `` Scherzo '' movement .  Side four ( and the whole album ) concludes with Don Pardo signing-off the `` broadcast day '' with a recording of the United States national anthem ( enhanced with explosion and firework sounds near the end ) , and then fades on a test pattern tone ( signaling the `` station '' has gone off the air . )

neg: Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort .   The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage .   Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence .   As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive .   One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . ''   The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .

neg: Téa Leoni Elizabeth Téa Pantaleoni ( -LSB- ˈteɪ.ə _ pɑːntəleɪˈoʊniː -RSB- born February 25 , 1966 ) , better known by her stage name Téa Leoni , is an American actress and producer .   In her early career , Leoni starred in the television sitcoms Flying Blind ( 1992 -- 93 ) and The Naked Truth ( 1995 -- 98 ) . Her breakthrough role was in the 1995 action comedy film , Bad Boys . In later years , Leoni had the female lead roles in films including Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , The Family Man ( 2000 ) , Jurassic Park III ( 2001 ) , and Fun with Dick and Jane ( 2005 ) . In 2014 , Leoni returned to television with the leading role in the CBS political drama series , Madam Secretary .