query: Nicole Scherzinger made progress towards the eventual creation of a clothing brand.

pos: Nicole Scherzinger Nicole Scherzinger ( -LSB- niˈkoʊl_ˈʃɜːzɪŋər -RSB- born Nicole Prascovia Elikolani Valiente ; June 29 , 1978 ) is an American recording artist , actress and television personality born in Honolulu , Hawaii and raised in Louisville , Kentucky . She performed initially in high school plays , and studied at Wright State University before dropping out to pursue a musical career alongside the American rock band Days of the New and later auditioned for Popstars , becoming a member of the short-lived girl group Eden 's Crush . She rose to fame as the lead singer of the burlesque troupe-turned-recording act the Pussycat Dolls , who became one of the world 's best-selling girl groups . During their hiatus , Scherzinger planned to embark on her solo career with Her Name is Nicole , but it was later shelved after four singles failed to impact the charts significantly .   Following the group 's disbandment , Scherzinger ventured into television winning the tenth season of Dancing with the Stars and became a judge on The Sing-Off and on US and UK versions of The X Factor . Her debut studio album Killer Love ( 2011 ) was released to moderate success and was preceded by the number-one single `` Do n't Hold Your Breath '' . In 2014 , Scherzinger released her second album Big Fat Lie to commercial disappointment and starred on the West End revival of the musical Cats for which she received a Laurence Olivier Award nomination Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical .   Throughout her career , she has had a total of three UK number one singles , two of which coming from recording group The Pussycat Dolls and one as a solo artist . She has sold over 60 million records worldwide , as a solo artist and as the lead singer of the Pussycat Dolls . In accordance with multiple sources , Scherzinger has sold at least 37 million singles and has had in excess of 15 million total album sales . Since her first chart entry in 2005 , she has scored 20 top-20 hits on the UK Singles Chart . Outside her work in the entertainment industry , Scherzinger has advertised brands including Herbal Essences and Müller , and helped to create the clothing brand Missguided . She is also an ambassador for UNICEF and a global ambassador for the Special Olympics and is involved in charitable activities .

neg: Built NY Inc Built NY , also known as BUILT , is a design company based in New York City 's Flatiron District . BUILT produces lunch bags , totes , baby gear , and food & drink items . Founded in 2003 by Carter Weiss , Aaron Lown and John Roscoe Swartz , the company was acquired in March 2014 by Lifetime Brands , and is best known for its use of neoprene ( aka the wetsuit material ) and its award-winning product designs . BUILT received the Gold award at Business Week 's International Design Excellence Awards in 2004 and 2005 for its Two Bottle Tote and Lunch Tote designs respectively . Despite the name , the company 's products are manufactured primarily in China .

neg: Napapijri Napapijri is an Italian premium casual-wear brand owned by VF Corporation . Originally a producer of high-quality alpine travel bags , Napapijri now markets upscale apparel for men , women and children , as well as accessories , footwear and bags . The Napapijri brand is most widely associated with its Skidoo jacket .   The company 's products are crafted to appeal to customers at the higher end of the retail apparel market , with an emphasis on comfort , style , and high-tech materials . The business has developed from a single store in the Aosta Valley to a presence in 175 branded shops and more than 2,000 retail locations around the world .   Travel , adventure , and environmental consciousness are recurring themes in the company 's advertising and marketing . It has made partnerships with like-minded organizations and individuals to help bring awareness to environmentally compromised areas of the world .

neg: Buttons (song) `` Buttons '' is a song by American girl group the Pussycat Dolls from their debut studio album PCD ( 2005 ) . It was written by Sean Garrett , Jamal Jones , Jason Perry and Nicole Scherzinger and produced by the former two alongside Ron Fair , Tal Herzberg and Young Smoke . It was remixed with additional vocals from American rapper Snoop Dogg and was released as a digital download on April 11 , 2006 as the album 's fourth single . `` Buttons '' contains elements of Middle Eastern music , while the song 's lyrics speaks of a woman 's desire to be undressed .   Critics were divided on `` Buttons '' with some complimenting the song 's production , however , others criticized it followed the same formula of their previous singles . The song reached the top-five in countries such as Australia , Germany , and the United Kingdom . The song reached number one in Austria and in New Zealand , where it became their fourth consecutive number one single on the chart . It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 and sold over two million copies in the United States , making The Pussycat Dolls the first female group in digital history to have three singles pass the two million mark in digital sales .   The sepia-toned music video directed by Francis Lawrence features The Pussycat Dolls in various dance sequences . Other scenes include Scherzinger by herself singing the verses . Since its release , `` Buttons '' has become a staple in Scherzinger 's live performances . It was part of the set lists of the group 's two major tours , PCD World Tour ( 2006 -- 07 ) , Doll Domination Tour ( 2009 ) and Scherzinger 's own Killer Love Tour ( 2012 ) . It was nominated for two awards at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Dance Video and Best Choreography ; it won the former award .

neg: Heidi.com heidi.com is a Neuchâtel , Switzerland-based company specialized in ready-to-wear apparel . Its name and logo are directly inspired from Heidi , the main character in Johanna Spyri 's 1880 novel . The brand officially equipped all members of the Swiss pavilion at the Expo 2015 in Milan .

neg: The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide .   In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? .   Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States .   After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .

neg: The dress `` The dress '' is a photo that became a viral Internet picture on 26 February 2015 , when viewers disagreed over whether the item of clothing depicted was black and blue or white and gold . The phenomenon revealed differences in human colour perception which have been the subject of ongoing scientific investigation in neuroscience and vision science , with a number of papers published in peer-reviewed science journals .   The photo originated from a washed-out colour photograph of a dress posted on the social networking service Tumblr , and a dispute over whether the dress pictured was blue and black , or white and gold . In the first week after the surfacing of the image alone , more than 10 million tweets mentioned the dress , using hashtags such as #thedress , #whiteandgold and #blackandblue . Although the actual colour of the dress was eventually confirmed to be black and blue , the image prompted discussions surrounding the matter across various platforms , with users discussing their opinions on the colour and why they perceived the dress as being a certain colour . At the same time , members of the scientific community began to investigate the photo for fresh insights into human colour vision .   The dress itself , which was identified as a product of the retailer Roman Originals , experienced a major surge in sales as a result of the incident . The retailer also produced a one-off version of the dress actually coloured in white and gold as a charity campaign .

neg: Fashion Targets Breast Cancer Fashion Targets Breast Cancer is a charity campaign originally launched in the UK in 1996 by Breakthrough Breast Cancer , and now operated under the charity 's new name Breast Cancer Now . Corporate partners for the campaign represent famous high-street brands , including M & S , Topshop , and River Island . M & S has sold a wide range of charitable women 's clothes for Breast Cancer Now for many years . The campaign is best known for its famous ` target ' logo T-shirt designed by Ralph Lauren . Since 1996 , Fashion Targets Breast Cancer has raised over # 14 million to fund pioneering breast cancer research .

neg: Training bra A training bra ( also trainer bra , starter bra , first bra or bralette ) is a lightweight brassiere designed for girls who have begun to develop breasts during puberty when the girl 's breasts are not yet large enough to fit a standard-sized bra . Breast growth is usually defined by the Tanner scale . Girls who are developing breasts are at Tanner stage I and II . Training bras are usually a lightweight , unlined , pullover style bra and feature a soft , elastic bra band and soft bra cups . Prior to the marketing of training bras , a pre-teen or young teen girl in Western countries usually wore a one-piece `` waist '' or camisole without cups or darts .   When a girl receives her first bra , it may be seen as a long-awaited rite of passage in her life signifying her coming of age . Bras for pre-teens and girls entering puberty were first marketed during the 1950s . Some companies have been criticized for marketing bras to pre-teens and of sexualizing girls at an early age .

neg: Sophie Mallebranche Sophie Mallebranche ( born March 30 , 1976 , in Honfleur ( Calvados ) ) is a French artist and textile designer recognized by interior architects for her woven metal materials that mix fibers and industrial materials .   She is the creative director of Material Design Group . Her company produces and distributes her creations under the brand , Sophie Mallebranche .   Architects and designers of international renown , such as Peter Marino , Robert A. M. Stern , Tony Chi , Jacques Grange , Gensler , Rena Dumas , Yabu Pushelberg , and Flanagan Lawrence have used her creations to experiment with new applications in the domains of design , luxury , and interior architecture . She has collaborated with brands such as Hermès , Christian Dior , Chanel , Louis Vuitton , Richard Mille , Chaumet , Piaget , Mikimoto , and Guerlain . Her metal weaves have been awarded multiple times by design professionals for their innovative nature , and her creations adorn numerous flagships , hotels , and restaurants worldwide .

neg: History of fashion design The history of fashion design refers to the development of the fashion industry which designs clothing and accessories . The modern industry , based around firms or fashion houses run by individual designers , started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created .   Couture beginnings . Rose Bertin ( July 2 , 1747 -- September 22 , 1813 ) was the dressmaker named bill to Marie Antoinette , Queen of France , and a high public profile . Sometimes called sarcastically the `` Minister of Fashion '' , she opened a shop in Paris and had a considerable influence on Parisian style , until this was drastically changed by the French Revolution , from which she fled into exile in London for some years .   An outsider to the French Court , Marie Antoinette relied on Bertin 's meticulous designs to help her `` to combat her enemies with style '' . -LSB- 1 -RSB- Marie Antoinette 's unique fashion preferences such as masculine riding breeches or simple muslin shift dressed , contrasted sharply with her elaborate gowns as the Queen attempted to create a persona that would allow the citizens of France to connect with her and her lifestyle . Although Marie Antoinette 's attempts were largely unsuccessful , the ways Bertin helped the Queen articulate herself through fashion were groundbreaking and set a precedent for monarchs who followed . -LSB- 2 -RSB-   An Englishman living in Paris , Charles Frederick Worth ( 1825 - 1905 ) is usually seen as the first designer in something like the modern sense , with a large business employing many largely anonymous tailors and seamstresses . A former draper , Worth 's success was such that he was able to dictate what they should wear to his customers . Launched into the spotlight as the Empress Eugénie 's primary designer , Worth used his royal connections to gain recognition and clients . The proclamation on February 1 , 1853 by Napolón III that no visitors would be received to his court without formal dress meant that the popularity of Worth-style gowns was overwhelming . Ornately decorated and constructed from the finest materials , Worth 's gowns are well known for their crinolines ( cage-like metal structures that held the dress out in a stylish shape .  Throughout the early 20th century , practically all high fashion originated in Paris and to a lesser extent London . Fashion magazines from other countries sent editors to the Paris fashion shows . Department stores sent buyers to the Paris shows , where they purchased garments to copy ( and openly stole the style lines and trim details of others ) . Both made-to-measure salons and ready-to-wear departments featured the latest Paris trends , adapted to the stores ' assumptions about the lifestyles and pocket books of their targeted customers .   At this time in history the division between haute couture and ready-to-wear was not sharply defined . The two separate modes of production were still far from being competitors and they often co-existed in houses where the seamstresses moved freely between made-to-measure and ready-made .   Around the start of the 20th century fashion magazines began to include photographs and became even more influential . Throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought-after and had a profound effect on public taste . Talented illustrators - among them Paul Iribe , Georges Lepape , Erté , and George Barbier - drew attractive fashion plates for these publications , which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty . Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 .

neg: Men's Fashion Week Men 's Fashion Week is an event usually held twice a year in major cities around the globe , typically in January ( Autumn/Winter ) and June ( Spring/Summer ) . The fashion industry event is held for fashion professionals and fashion occult . It is an event for designers and brands to showcase upcoming collections to press , media , stylists , buyers , fashion trailblazers and , in some cases , the public .   In January 2012 London announced that it would dedicate an entire weekend to menswear fashion designers . Singapore dedicated a few days to men 's shows . Los Angeles followed suit launching Men 's Fashion Week LA in 2012 . Additionally , Vancouver does Men 's Fashion Week . Among other cities , New York has supported the developments in the menswear segment , but has yet to announce a Fashion Week dedicated entirely to menswear fashion designers . Paris promotes its men 's runway shows as a part of its regular Fashion Week schedule .   In 2012 , 2013 2014 and 2015 Men 's Fashion Week presented shows in Puerto Rico .   The events are produced by World Events .

neg: Killer Love Killer Love is the debut studio album by American singer Nicole Scherzinger , former lead singer of The Pussycat Dolls . It was released from March 18 , 2011 by Interscope Records , in association with its affiliated record labels . Scherzinger had been working on a solo album since 2005 , under the title Her Name Is Nicole and was originally due for release in 2007 . However , unsuccessful singles and poor timing led the project being pushed back numerous times into 2008 and 2009 . After releasing The Pussycat Dolls ' second album Doll Domination , Scherzinger shelved the project entirely citing bad timing and creative issues as the reasons for its cancellation . Many of its songs were reassigned to the Dolls or other artists . In 2010 , Moroccan producer RedOne was brought on board for a second attempt at launching her solo album .   Completed in 2011 and titled Killer Love , Scherzinger 's debut album features a combination of up-tempo pop , dance-pop and R&B songs , as well as mid-tempo and down-tempo ballads . Songs contain influences of rock , soul and funk music , with the specific aim of selecting songs and productions which would lend themselves to being performed live . Amongst the fourteen-song set are two collaborations , one with Enrique Iglesias , and one with Sting , the latter of which was leftover from the Her Name is Nicole recording sessions . RedOne and his associates produced almost half of the album , while other contributions come from the likes of Jim Jonsin , StarGate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart and Boi-1da . It would be her first and only album with Interscope , after she ended her ten-year partnership in 2014 and moved to RCA Records ( Sony Music ) .   Killer Love was preceded by the release of `` Poison '' , which respectively peaked at number three and number seven in the UK and Ireland . The album 's second single , `` Do n't Hold Your Breath '' , would go on to top the UK charts and reach top-five in Ireland . In an attempt to launch the album worldwide , a new version of `` Right There '' featuring 50 Cent was released , becoming one of Scherzinger 's highest charting solo singles . The song gave Scherzinger her first entry on the Billboard Hot 100 as a lead artist . Another single was released from this version of the album , `` Wet '' , which became her fourth consecutive top-ten hit in Ireland . A re-packaged version of the album spawned a brand new mid-tempo single titled `` Try with Me '' . It gave Scherzinger her fifth consecutive top-twenty hit in the UK and helped the album to reach platinum status in the United Kingdom .   Upon its release , Killer Love received mixed to positive response from critics . Some praised Scherzinger 's strong vocals and conviction to convey emotion , while others criticized her choice of allowing RedOne to produce the majority of the album , stating that some of the songs sounded too similar to each other . At times it was felt that Scherzinger lacked coherence across the record , often taking the sound that individual producers had created for her instead of showing originality . Critics compared many of the songs to those her fellow pop and R&B contemporaries : Beyoncé and Rihanna . Scherzinger recorded new songs with R. Kelly , Snoop Dogg and Ne-Yo for the American release of Killer Love ; however , she confirmed that recording for a second studio album due out in late 2013 had begun , signalling the end of the promotion for Killer Love .

neg: Thrift store chic Thrift store chic refers to a style of dressing where clothes are cheap and/or used . Clothes are often bought from thrift stores such as the Salvation Army , Goodwill , or Value Village . Originally popular among the hippies of the late 1960s , this fashion movement resurfaced during the mid-1980s among teenagers , and expanded into the 1990s with the growing popularity of such music and style influences including the grunge band Nirvana . Thrift store chic can be considered as an anti-fashion statement because it does not follow fashion trends and does not attempt to look expensive or new .   Thrift store chic is often composed of vintage T-shirts ( striped tees and anything with vintage graphics , in particular ) , sweaters , flannel ` lumberjack ' shirts , and worn and torn jeans . This laid back , nonchalant , and aloof look became fashionable and trendy without attempting to . Originally worn for a variety of reasons , which include an homage , or attempt to resurrect earlier styles , or even in protest to the exploitation of third world child workers in sweat shops . By the late 2000s many of the younger indie kids wore thrift store clothes primarily for its ironic anti-fashion connotations , attempting to look like a homeless person who can afford expensive electronics .   Thrift store chic is also popular among people who enjoy creating their own outfits from pieces of used clothing . This DIY ( do-it-yourself ) approach creates original articles of clothing that can be very personalized . For example , in the 1986 movie Pretty in Pink , Molly Ringwald 's character , Andie Walsh , is fond of taking clothing from thrift stores and creating a unique and eclectic wardrobe . One very memorable article is the prom dress she creates , made from merging two separate dresses .   During the 1990s , singers such as Kurt Cobain , Courtney Love , and Eddie Vedder promoted the look . Kurt Cobain 's style included uncoordinated and non-brand-name items of clothing that created the look of a carelessly cool grunge rock star . Clothes often had holes or tears in them and were worn in many layers , which hid the body . Cobain 's modest style contrasted from the aggressive and glamorous style of bands such as Guns N ' Roses . Fans of Nirvana found it easy to emulate his style , thus identifying themselves and the grunge movement . His thrift store style also reflected an ironic stance against corporate culture . Ironic , because his band had signed with the corporate music label Geffen Records .   Entering the 2000s , this look because associated with musical scenes including indie rock and emo , gradually spreading to the hipster movement . The hipster movement is popular among people in their 20s and 30s whose style attempts to reject mainstream trends . The hipster movement embraced thrift store chic because of its love for vintage items , especially clothing . Items that became popular for indie girls included flowery cotton dresses , cardigans , keffiyehs , and eyeglasses chosen deliberately for their unfashionable connotations . Hipster-thrift-store-chic embraces nostalgia and irony by combining old trucker-caps and vintage bowling t-shirts with worn luxury goods like leather jackets , old military dress uniforms as a protest against the war in Iraq , or used business wear , such as tweed cloth sportcoats .   With the stock market crash of 2008 , shopping at thrift stores became more widely accepted . Bragging about how much an item of clothing cost was no longer about how expensive it was , but rather how cheap it cost .  Showing off a six-hundred-dollar pair of shoes when people were losing their jobs was no longer tactful . In the United States , resale stores experienced an average of 35 % increase in sales . Purchasing used clothing has lost much of its stigma also due to the growing environmental movement towards consumption .  Because textiles can be difficult to recycle ( especially mixed blends ) , reusing clothing is considered environmentally friendly because it makes use of material that would have otherwise potentially ended up in a landfill .   In 2013 , the Macklemore and Lewis 's single `` Thrift Shop '' reached number 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart . The song glorifies shopping at thrift shops and denounces expensive brands , such as Gucci , as `` getting tricked by a business . ''

neg: Baby, The Stars Shine Bright ( shortened to ` Baby ' or ` BTSSB ' ) is the name of a Japanese clothing boutique chain created in 1988 by Akinori Isobe and his wife , Fumiyo . The original fashion house is in Shibuya , Tokyo , Japan . Baby , The Stars Shine Bright specializes in Lolita fashion and , like Manifesteange Metamorphose temps de fille , their main focus is the subcategory Sweet Lolita . Baby , The Stars Shine Bright opened their first international retail store in Paris , France , and opened their first North American retail store in San Francisco , United States on August 15 , 2009 .   The New York City branch of Kinokuniya occasionally sold clothing from the label , including dresses , headdresses , shoes and socks , but only received shipments sparingly . As mentioned in the live-action film Kamikaze Girls , the label 's name was taken from the title of the album Baby the Stars Shine Bright by English pop music group Everything But the Girl .

neg: Vanity sizing Vanity sizing , or size inflation , is the phenomenon of ready-to-wear clothing of the same nominal size becoming bigger in physical size over time . This has been documented primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom . Vanity sizing tends to occur where clothing sizes are not standardized , such as the U.S. market . In the United States , although clothing size standards exist ( i.e. , ASTM ) , most companies do not use them any longer .   Size inconsistency has existed since at least 1937 . In Sears 's 1937 catalog , a size 14 dress had a bust size of 32 in . In 1967 , the same bust size was a size 8 . In 2011 , it was a size 0 . Some argue that vanity sizing is designed to satisfy wearers ' wishes to appear thin and feel better about themselves . Designer Nicole Miller introduced size 0 because of its strong California presence and to satisfy the request of many Asian customers . It introduced subzero sizes for naturally petite women . However , the increasing size of clothing with the same nominal size caused Nicole Miller to introduce size 0 , 00 , or subzero sizes . The UK 's Chief Medical Officer has suggested that vanity sizing has contributed to the normalisation of obesity in society .   In 2003 , a study that measured over 1,000 pairs of women 's pants found that pants from more expensive brands tended to be smaller than those from cheaper brands with the same nominal size .

neg: Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern .   This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces .   Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany .   The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession .   Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . )   A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . )   These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .

neg: Threeasfour threeASFOUR is a trio of transnational artists based in New York City who use fashion as their primary form of expression .  Founded in 2005 by the designers Gabriel Asfour ( b. Lebanon ) , Angela Donhauser ( b. U.S.S.R ) and Adi Gil ( b. Israel ) , the  collective has built a legacy of fusing cutting-edge technology with traditional craftsmanship to create clothing at the  intersection of fashion and art .   Recently threeASFOUR 's 3D printed dresses were featured in the Met Costume Institute 's Manus x Machina exhibition  ( 2016 ) and in Boston 's Museum of Fine Art 's #techstyle exhibition ( 2016 ) . In 2015 they were the recipients of the  Cooper-Hewitt/Smithsonian Museum 's National Design Award . Their work has been the subject of multimedia exhibitions at  the Mint Museum in North Carolina ( 2014 ) and the Jewish Museum in New York ( 2013 ) . threeASFOUR have collaborated  with numerous artists and musicians including Björk ( 2011 ) , Yoko Ono ( 2009 ) and Matthew Barney ( 2007 ) , as well as brands  such as the GAP ( 2007 ) and Kate Spade ( 2005 ) . Their designs are in the permanent collections of the  Victoria and Albert Museum in London , the Met Costume Institute in New York and the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum .   Group exhibitions include The fantastic journeys of energy , ( 2016 ) , Kappatos Gallery , Athens ; Fashion Underground exhibition ( 2016 ) , Museum at F.i.T , New York ; Dream Weavers exhibition ( 2015 ) , Beit Hatfutsot Museum Tel Aviv ;  Killer Heels exhibition ( 2014 ) , Brooklyn Museum ; Folk Couture exhibition ( 2014 ) , American Folk Art Museum ;  Arnhem Mode Biennale installation ( 2011 ) , Netherlands ;  New York Minute exhibition ( 2011 ) , Garage Gallery , Moscow ; Superheroes exhibition ( 2008 ) , Costume Institute , Met Museum New York .  Solo Exhibitions include TOPOGRAPHIC exhibition ( 2015 ) , Canzani Center Gallery , Columbus , Ohio ; As FOUREVER exhibition ( 2002 ) , Deitch Gallery , New York  threeASFOUR has curated the exhibition Insalaam Inshalom ( 2011 ) , at the Beit Ha'ir Cultural Museum , Tel Aviv .  Video installations include tree of life video installation ( 2016 ) , solo exhibit , Mana Contemporary Art Center Jersey City ;  Meet D3 video installation ( 2015 ) , group exhibit . Design District , Dubai UAE , juliaSET video installation ( 2012 ) , group exhibit , White Columns Gallery , New York .  Performance art pieces include FEST performance ( 2013 ) , The Jewish Museum , New York and Interwoven performance ( 2011 ) , Textile Museum , Washington DC   Drawing their core aesthetic from the universal languages of sacred geometry , threeASFOUR is devoted to the creative exploration of themes of consciousness and cultural coexistence .

neg: Ally Capellino Ally Capellino is an independent British designer brand that was established in 1980 by Alison Lloyd and Jonathan Platt . Originally launching as an accessories company ( the name is roughly translated from the Italian for ` little hat ' ) , and later expanding into classic tailoring and ready to wear , it has been described as the label that : `` dominated the wardrobes of many sensible and stylish women throughout the 80s and into the 90s '' .  Following the restructuring of the original company in 1999 , Lloyd relaunched Ally Capellino alone , focusing on bags . The brand now retails through two London shops , a web-store and via other retailers . Collaborations include a branded range for Apple and the Tate Gallery .

neg: A.P.C. A.P.C. is a French ready-to-wear brand founded in 1987 by the Tunisian Jewish fashion designer Jean Touitou in Paris . A.P.C. stands for Atelier de Production et de Création .

neg: Form-fitting garment A form-fitting garment is an article of clothing that tightly follows the contours of the part of the body being covered . Most form-fitting clothing is worn by females . A feature of Western societies is the popularity of form-fitting clothing worn by women , compared to equivalent male garments . These include t-shirts , shorts , and jeans . Some cultures and religious communities disapprove of form-fitting clothing , especially outerwear , which they consider to be immodest .   There are numerous types of clothing which typically are or which can be made form-fitting . For example , stockings , leggings , tights , and socks are usually form-fitting . Clothing used in dance and in exercise , such as leotards , unitard , and swimsuits , are usually form-fitting . Undergarments or foundation garments such as corsets , girdles , bodysuits , brassieres , and underpants are form-fitting to give a smooth line to the outer clothing .   Skin-tight garments are usually also form-fitting , but are held to the skin by elastic tension . In contrast , non-form-fitting garments are commonly referred to as `` loose '' .   Though many materials can be used to make form-fitting garments , the thinner materials , such as synthetic fibers , are the most commonly used , because of the smooth line that can be produced as well as their extra strength when pulled tight . Some fabrics cling to the skin or do so when wet , giving a form-fitting effect .


query: Turkey ended accession negotiations with the European Union.

pos: Turkey Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti -LSB- ˈtyɾcije d͡ʒumˈhuɾijeti -RSB- ) , is a transcontinental country in Eurasia , mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe . Turkey is a democratic , secular , unitary , parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Turkey is bordered by eight countries : Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest ; Georgia to the northeast ; Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east ; Iraq and Syria to the south . The country is encircled by seas on three sides : the Aegean Sea is to the west , the Black Sea to the north , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . The Bosphorus , the Sea of Marmara , and the Dardanelles , which together form the Turkish Straits , divide Thrace and Anatolia ; they also separate Europe and Asia . Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Approximately 70-80 % of the country 's citizens identify themselves as ethnic Turks . Other ethnic groups include legally recognised ( Armenians , Greeks , Jews ) and unrecognised ( Kurds , Arabs , Circassians , Albanians , Bosniaks , Georgians , etc. ) minorities . Kurds are the largest ethnic minority group , making up approximately 20 % of the population .   The area of Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic by various ancient Anatolian civilisations , as well as Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians and Armenians . After Alexander the Great 's conquest , the area was Hellenized , a process which continued under the Roman Empire and its transition into the Byzantine Empire . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , starting the process of Turkification , which was accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small Turkish beyliks .   In the mid-14th century the Ottomans started uniting Anatolia and created an empire encompassing much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa , becoming a major power in Eurasia and Africa during the early modern period . The empire reached the peak of its power in the 16th century , especially during the reign ( 1520 -- 1566 ) of Suleiman the Magnificent . It remained powerful and influential for two more centuries , until important setbacks in the 17th and 18th century forced it to cede strategic territories in Europe , signalling the loss of its former military strength and wealth . After the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état which effectively put the country under the control of the Three Pashas the Ottoman Empire decided to join the Central Powers during World War I which were ultimately defeated by the Allied Powers . During the war , the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian , Assyrian and Pontic Greek citizens .   Following the war , the conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states . The Turkish War of Independence ( 1919 -- 1922 ) , initiated by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues against the occupying Allies , resulted in the abolition of monarchy in 1922 and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 , with Atatürk as its first president . Atatürk enacted numerous reforms , many of which incorporated various aspects of Western thought , philosophy , and customs into the new form of Turkish government .   Turkey is a charter member of the UN , an early member of NATO , and a founding member of the OECD , OSCE , OIC and G-20 . After becoming one of the first members of the Council of Europe in 1949 , Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963 , joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005 . Turkey 's growing economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power while its location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history .   Turkey 's current administration headed by president Tayyip Erdoğan has reversed many of the country 's earlier reforms which had been in place since the founding of the modern republic of Turkey , such as Freedom of the Press , a Legislative System of Checks and Balances , and a set of standards for secularism in government , as first enacted by Atatürk .

neg: 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt On 15 July 2016 , an alleged coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions , including , but not limited to the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . The attempt was carried out by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces that organized themselves as the Peace at Home Council . They attempted to seize control of several key places in Ankara , Istanbul , and elsewhere , but failed to do so after forces loyal to the state defeated them . The Council cited an erosion of secularism , elimination of democratic rule , disregard for human rights , and Turkey 's loss of credibility in the international arena as reasons for the coup . The government accused the coup leaders of being linked to the Gülen movement , which is designated as a terrorist organization by the Republic of Turkey and led by Fethullah Gülen , a Turkish businessman and cleric who lives in Pennsylvania . Erdoğan accuses Gülen of being behind the coup -- a claim that Gülen denies -- and accused the United States of harboring him . Gülen has suggested the coup was in fact a `` self-coup '' carried out by Erdogan to consolidate his grip on power , a belief shared among some analysts and many Turks . Events surrounding the coup attempt and the purges in its aftermath reflect a complex power struggle between Islamist elites in Turkey .   During the coup , over 300 people were killed and more than 2,100 were injured . Many government buildings , including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace , were bombed from the air . Mass arrests followed , with at least 40,000 detained , including at least 10,000 soldiers and , for reasons that remain unclear , 2,745 judges . 15,000 education staff were also suspended and the licenses of 21,000 teachers working at private institutions were revoked as well after the government alleged they were loyal to Gülen . More than 100,000 people have been arrested or fired from their jobs , on accusations of connections to Gülen .   Reactions to the event were largely against the coup attempt , both domestically and internationally . The main opposition parties in Turkey condemned the attempt , while several international leaders -- such as those from the United States , NATO , the European Union , and other neighboring countries -- called for `` respect of the democratic institutions in Turkey and its elected officials . '' International organizations expressed themselves against the coup as well . The United Nations Security Council , however , did not denounce the coup after disagreements over the phrasing of a statement .   President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan accused the head of United States Central Command , chief General Joseph Votel of `` siding with coup plotters '' , after Votel accused the Turkish government of arresting the Pentagon 's contacts in Turkey .   In March 2017 , Germany 's intelligence chief said Germany was unconvinced by Erdoğan 's claim that Fethullah Gulen was behind the failed coup . Also in March , the British Parliament 's Foreign Affairs Committee said some Gulenists were involved in coup d'état attempt but found no hard evidence that Fethullah Gülen masterminded the failed coup and found no evidence to justify the UK designating the Gülen movement as a `` terrorist organization '' .

neg: Australia–Turkey relations Australia -- Turkey relations are foreign relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and the Republic of Turkey . Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1967 . Australia has had an embassy in Ankara since 1968 , a consulate-general in Istanbul and a consulate in Çanakkale . Turkey has had an embassy in Canberra since 1967 and two consulates-general in Melbourne and Sydney .   The first encounter of Turkey and Australia was on the battlefields of Çanakkale , the scene of a fierce but , at the same time , gentlemanly war . This has created a bond of mutual respect , admiration and friendship . The historical bond between the two countries constitutes a strong foundation to further strengthen and deepen their relations in every fields . The warm sentiments between Turkish and Australian nations were best voiced in the message of the Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , which was sent to the Australian and New Zealander mothers in 1934 and is as follows :  `` Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives ... you are now lying in the soil of a friendly country . Therefore rest in peace . There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets where they lie side by side here in this country of ours ... You the mothers who sent their sons from far away countries , wipe away your tears . Your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace . Having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well . ''   The Çanakkale Battles are commemorated every year in Çanakkale on 24 -- 25 April with a wide participation from Australia .   There are no contentious issues between Turkey and Australia . The Turkish community living in Australia constitutes a bridge of friendship between the two countries .

neg: Western European Union The Western European Union ( WEU ; French : Union de l'Europe occidentale , UEO ) was an international organisation and military alliance , tasked with implementing the Modified Treaty of Brussels ( 1954 ) , an amended version of the original 1948 Treaty of Brussels . The WEU was established by seven European nations allied with the United States ( the Western Bloc and NATO members ) during the Cold War .   After the end of the Cold War , WEU tasks and institutions were gradually transferred to the Common Security and Defence Policy of the geographically larger , and in terms of integration more comprehensive , European Union . This process was completed in 2009 when a solidarity clause between the member states of the European Union , which was similar ( but not identical ) to the WEU 's mutual defence clause , entered into force with the Treaty of Lisbon . The states party to the Modified Treaty of Brussels consequently decided to terminate that treaty on 31 March 2010 , with all the remaining WEU 's activities to be ceased within 15 months . On 30 June 2011 , the WEU was officially declared defunct .

neg: Turkish constitutional referendum, 2010 A constitutional referendum on a number of changes to the constitution was held in Turkey on 12 September 2010 . The results showed the majority supported the constitutional amendments , with 58 % in favour and 42 % against . The changes were aimed at bringing the constitution into compliance with European Union standards . Supporters of Turkish EU membership hope constitutional reform will facilitate the membership process .   The pro-Kurdish Peace and Democracy Party ( BDP ) declared that they would boycott the vote , because it is not mentioned in the constitution that Kurds exist in Turkey .

neg: Macedonia naming dispute The Macedonia naming dispute is a political dispute regarding the use of the name Macedonia between the southeastern European countries of Greece and the Republic of Macedonia , formerly a federal unit of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Pertinent to its background is an early 20th century multifaceted dispute and armed conflict that formed part of the background to the Balkan Wars . The specific naming dispute , although an existing issue in Yugoslav -- Greek relations since World War II , was reignited after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the newly gained independence of the former Socialist Republic of Macedonia in 1991 . Since then , it has been an ongoing issue in bilateral and international relations .   Citing historical and territorial concerns resulting from the ambiguity between the Republic of Macedonia , the adjacent Greek region of Macedonia and the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon which falls mostly within Greek Macedonia , Greece opposes the use of the name `` Macedonia '' by the Republic of Macedonia without a geographical qualifier such as `` Northern Macedonia '' for use by all and for all purposes . As millions of ethnic Greeks identify themselves as Macedonians , unrelated to the Slavic people who are associated with the Republic of Macedonia , Greece further objects to the use of the term `` Macedonian '' for the neighboring country 's largest ethnic group and its language . The Republic of Macedonia is accused of appropriating symbols and figures that are historically considered part of Greek culture such as the Vergina Sun and Alexander the Great , and of promoting the irredentist concept of a United Macedonia , which involves territorial claims on Greece , Bulgaria , Albania , and Serbia .   The dispute has escalated to the highest level of international mediation , involving numerous attempts to achieve a resolution . In 1995 , the two countries formalised bilateral relations and committed to start negotiations on the naming issue , under the auspices of the United Nations . Until a solution is found , the provisional reference `` the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia '' ( sometimes unofficially abbreviated as FYROM ) is used by international organisations and states which do not recognise translations of the constitutional name Republic of Macedonia ( Република Македонија , Republika Makedonija ) . UN members , and the UN as a whole , have agreed to accept any final agreement on a new name resulting from negotiations between the two countries . The parties are represented by Ambassadors Vasko Naumovski and Adamantios Vassilakis , under the mediation of Matthew Nimetz .

neg: Mediterranean Agreements (1887) The Mediterranean Agreements ( German Mittelmeerentente ; French Entente de la Méditerranée ) were a series of treaties signed in 1887 by the United Kingdom with the Italy on 12 February ( through the mediation of Germany ) , with Austria-Hungary on March 24 and with Spain on May 4 . Further notes were exchanged between Britain , Italy and Austria-Hungary on 12 December .   On the face of it the treaties recognised the status quo in the Mediterranean Sea . In fact , one of the objectives was to halt the expansion of the Russian Empire in the Balkans and her wish to control the straits of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles . From that perspective it also assured the survival of the Ottoman Empire . It also protected Italian interests against France . Thus it united forces hostile to Russia in the Balkans and to France in North Africa .   From the point of view of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck , the benefit of these agreements to which Germany was not a party , was in bringing Britain closer to the Triple Alliance of Germany , Italy and Austria-Hungary . This advantage proved short-lived since Britain achieved a rapprochement with Russia . The Alliance was dissolved in 1896 when Wilhelm II , German Emperor alienated Great Britain with his `` Kruger telegram '' .   The treaty potentially conflicted with the Reinsurance Treaty of 1888 , between Germany and Russia . In the secret protocol to the Reinsurance Treaty , Bismarck lent support to Russia 's expansion efforts . Thus the Mediterranean Agreement , while not a de jure contradiction of the Reinsurance Treaty was at least contrary to its spirit .

neg: Long arm of Ankara In Dutch politics and media , the `` long arm of Ankara '' ( Dutch : lange arm van Ankara ) is a metaphorical reference to the soft power the government of Turkey allegedly exerts in various European countries ( notably ones with significant Turkish minorities ) by using European Turks as proxies ; and in the same manner it denotes the influence the Turkish government holds or attempts to hold over the Turkish diaspora . As it is seen as a recent development that has occasionally been attributed to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , it is also less commonly known as `` Erdogan 's long arm '' ( lange arm van Erdogan ) .

neg: Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . The Prime Minister must control a majority of parliament in order to govern .   There have been ten Prime Ministers of Northern Cyprus since 1983 . The premiership 's precursor was a post known as the `` President of the Turkish Cypriot Communal Chamber '' . The only man to occupy this post was Rauf Denktaş from December 29 , 1969 to July 5 , 1976 . There were three prime ministers before the Turkish Cypriot community 's unilateral declaration of independence in 1983 .

neg: Kurdish rebellions in Turkey Kurdish rebellions in Turkey refer to Kurdish nationalist uprisings in Turkey , beginning with the Turkish War of Independence and the consequent transition from the Ottoman Empire into the modern Turkish state and lasting until present with the ongoing Kurdish-Turkish conflict .   According to Ottoman military records , Kurdish rebellions have been taking place in Anatolia for over two centuries , While tribal Kurdish revolts had shuttered the Ottoman Empire through the last decades of its existence , the conflict in its modern phase is considered to have begun in 1922 , with the emergence of Kurdish nationalism in parallel with the formation of the modern State of Turkey . In 1925 , an uprising for an independent Kurdistan , led by Shaikh Said Piran , was put down quickly , and Said and 36 of his followers were executed soon thereafter . Several other large scale Kurdish revolts occurred in Ararat and Dersim in 1930 and 1937 . The British consul at Trebizond , the diplomatic post closest to Dersim , spoke of brutal and indiscriminate violence and made an explicit comparison with the Armenian massacres of 1915 . `` Thousands of Kurds , '' he wrote , `` including women and children , were slain ; others , mostly children , were thrown into the Euphrates ; while thousands of others in less hostile areas , who had first been deprived of their cattle and other belongings , were deported to vilayets ( provinces ) in Central Anatolia . It is now stated that the Kurdish question no longer exists in Turkey . ''   Kurds accuse successive Turkish governments of suppressing their identity through such means as the banning of Kurdish language in print and media . Atatürk believed the unity and stability of a country lay in a unitary political identity , relegating cultural and ethnic distinctions to the private sphere . However , many Kurds did not relinquish their identities and language . Large-scale armed conflict between the Turkish armed forces and the Kurdistan Workers ' Party ( PKK ) occurred throughout the 1980s and 1990s , leaving over 35,000 dead . Recent moves by the Turkish government have provided Kurds with limited rights and freedoms , particularly in regards to the Kurdish language , education , and media . Kurdish politicians and activists still face pressure .

neg: Peace Implementation Council The Peace Implementation Council ( PIC ) is an international body charged with implementing the Dayton Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Council was established at an implementation conference held in London , United Kingdom on December 8 and 9 , 1995 , subsequent to the completion of the negotiations of the accord the preceding month . The Council is , in effect , the realization , through the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina , of the international community 's governance of Bosnia and Herzegovina after signature of the Dayton Agreement . This international control over Bosnia and Herzegovina is to last until the country is deemed politically and democratically stable and self-sustainable .   The PIC comprises 55 countries and agencies that support the peace process in many different ways - by assisting it financially , providing troops for SFOR , or directly running operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina . There is also a fluctuating number of observers .   Since the London conference , the PIC has come together at the ministerial level another six times to review progress and define the goals of peace implementation for the coming period : in June 1996 in Florence , Italy ; in December 1996 for a second time in London ; in December 1997 in Bonn , Germany ; in December 1998 in Madrid , Spain , in May 2000 and February 2007 in Brussels , Belgium .   The PIC clarifies the responsibilities of the High Representative as the main implementing body of the civilian part of the Dayton Agreement , as set out in Annex 10 the Dayton Agreement . For example , the 1997 Bonn session provided the Office of the High Representative with the so-called `` Bonn authority '' to dismiss elected and non-elected officials who obstruct the implementation of the Dayton Agreement . The High Representative from 2006-2007 , Christian Schwarz-Schilling , used this power sparingly , to promote confidence in elected domestic government . This strategy was reversed by the new appointee to that post , Miroslav Lajčák , who imposed several decisions on his first day at work .

neg: Turkey Party Turkey Party ( Türkiye Partisi , TP ) is a liberal conservative party in Turkey , which was founded on 25 May 2009 by Abdüllatif Şener in Çankaya , Ankara . It had one seat in Turkish Grand National Assembly .   Şener announced that the party was officially closed on August 27 , 2012 due to difficulties to maintain the political goals outside the parliament .

neg: Turkish constitutional referendum, 1982 A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 7 November 1982 . The new constitution was approved by 91.4 % of voters , with a 91.3 % turnout .

neg: Binali Yıldırım Binali Yıldırım ( -LSB- binaːˌli jɯldɯˈɾɯm -RSB- ; born 20 December 1955 ) is a Turkish politician who is the 27th and current Prime Minister of Turkey and the leader of the Justice and Development Party ( AKP ) since May 2016 . He previously served as the Minister of Transport , Maritime and Communication almost continuously from 2002 to 2013 and again between 2015 and 2016 . Between 2014 and 2015 , he served as Senior Advisor to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan .   Yıldırım served as the chairman of the board of Directors of İstanbul Fast Ferries Company ( İDO ) from 1994 to 2000 before being elected as an AKP Member of Parliament for İstanbul 's first electoral district during the 2002 general election . He was appointed as Minister of Transport by Prime Minister Abdullah Gül and continued in office after Erdoğan became Prime Minister in 2003 . As Transport Minister , he presided over numerous projects such as Marmaray , high-speed rail lines and an expansion in the country 's airport and road facilities , though received heavy criticism and calls for his resignation following the Pamukova train derailment in 2004 . In 2011 , the portfolios of Maritime and Communications were merged with the Ministry of Transport , with Yıldırım becoming the Minister of Transport , Maritime and Communication .   Leaving office in a cabinet reshuffle in 2013 , Yıldırım ran as the AKP candidate for Mayor of İzmir in the 2014 local elections but lost to the incumbent Republican People 's Party ( CHP ) candidate Aziz Kocaoğlu . He was appointed as special advisor to Erdoğan in June 2014 and left Parliament in the June 2015 general election due to the AKP 's three-term rule for its sitting MPs . He was re-appointed as Transport Minister by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu after being re-elected to Parliament in the November 2015 general election . Following Davutoğlu 's resignation as party leader due to a breakdown in relations with President Erdoğan on 5 May 2016 , Yıldırım was announced as the AKP 's next leader by the party Central Executive Committee on 19 May and was elected unopposed during the party 's 2nd Extraordinary Congress on 22 May 2016 . He formed the country 's 65th government and became Prime Minister on 24 May 2016 . Factions of the Turkish Army in discontent with his policies attempted to oust him in a failed military coup d'état attempt on 15 July 2016 .   As a staunch supporter of Erdoğan , Yıldırım has been referred to as a ` low-profile ' Prime Minister and is expected to spearhead a transition from a parliamentary system of government to an executive presidency , which will delegate greater powers to Erdoğan and the office of the President . Following the declared victory of the ` Yes ' vote in the 2017 constitutional referendum despite electoral irregularities , Yıldırım resigned as AK Party leader in place of Erdoğan , who was elected as his successor during the 3rd AK Party extraordinary congress on 21 May 2017 . Yıldırım was subsequently elected as the AK Party 's parliamentary group leader by 300 votes on 24 May .   In 2013 , Yıldırım was implicated in a government corruption scandal , with the financial and social activities of his family members also coming under scrutiny . He has caused controversy over his defence of greater government surveillance and comments favouring sex segregation .

neg: Sweden–Turkey relations Swedish -- Turkish relations are foreign relations between Sweden and Turkey .   Sweden has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate -- general in Istanbul . Turkey has an embassy in Stockholm .

neg: Ertuğrul Kürkçü Ertuğrul Kürkçü ( born 5 May 1948 ) is a Turkish politician , socialist activist and the current Honorary President of the Peoples ' Democratic Party ( HDP ) as of 22 June 2014 . He previously served as the co-chair of the HDP between October 2013 and June 2014 with co-chair Sebahat Tuncel . Kürkçü and Tuncel also served as co-spokespersons for the Peoples ' Democratic Congress between 2011-16 . Tuncel stepped down on 23 Jan. 2016 and was replaced by Gülistan Koçyiğit . Kürkçü was elected in the 2015 June and November general elections consecutively as a Peoples ' Democratic Party ( HDP ) Member of Parliament for the Aegean port city of Izmir . In the 7 June 2015 elections the HDP entered in the parliament with 80 deputies . In the second round of elections on 1 November called by the President upon the parliament 's failure in establishing a coalition government in due time , the HDP preserved its place as the third biggest party in the parliament but lost 2,5 percent of votes and 21 seats after a tense election campaign marred by violent attacks against the HDP premises and outdoor activities what caused the lives of at least 150 party members and affiliates . Kürkçü represents his party also in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe . Kürkçü had earlier entered in the TBMM as an independent Member of Parliament for Mersin in the 2011 general election .   Kürkçü was born in Bursa and was one of the activists of the `` Generation ' 68 ' '' student movement alongside Mahir Çayan and Deniz Gezmiş . In Oct. 1970 then the head of the Socialists Association of the Middle East Technical University ( METU ) , he was elected as the President of the Turkish Revolutionary Youth Federation ( DEV-GENÇ ) . In 1972 , Kürkçü joined the armed resistance against the military takeover and took part in an operation designed by Mahir Çayan to kidnap three NATO technicians based in the Black Sea district of Ünye for bargaining for the release off death row of Deniz Gezmiş and other activists who were condemned to death under the 1971 Turkish military memorandum . On Mar. 30 , 1972 the Turkish Gendarmerie and special police forces pounded the house in Kızıldere with mortars and all the activists apart from Kürkçü were killed . He was tried under Martial law and sentenced to death , but after the general amnesty in 1974 his sentence was converted to 30 years . He was released in 1986 after 14 years in prison . While in prison he translated several books , including Karl Marx 's biography , into Turkish .   After his release from prison , Kürkçü begun his editorial career as the Editor in Chief for the ` Encyclopedia of Socialism and Social Struggles ' . He continued his political life in the struggle for the unification of Turkey 's socialist left movement . He was one of the founders of the Freedom and Solidarity Party ( ÖDP ) , the first ever united left party of Turkey , in 1996 . He had to resign from the party with a group of comrades in 2000 as the party disintegrated after its failed election campaign in 1999 . While heading the Socialist Future Movement and editing the party 's Bread & Freedom magazine Kürkçü in the 2011 general elections , joined the broad left election block of the ` Labour , Democracy and Freedom ' of independent candidates that had been fielded by the Peace and Democracy Party ( BDP ) alongside 13 other left parties and Kurdish groups . This was the first successful joint campaign of the Kurdish Liberation Movement and Turkey 's left and democratic forces . Kürkçü and the other Bloc candidates ran as independents in order to bypass the 10 % national election barrier . As the Bloc 's candidate from the Mediterranean province of Mersin , he was elected to Parliament with 9.7 % of the vote . In his first term in the Parliament , he was a member of the Human Rights Investigation Committee . Having entered the parliament Kürkçü resigned from his position of project coordinator of bianet - one of the vanguards of Turkey 's online journalism to which he contributed also with his news and articles . He was also active as a political journalist , columnist and editor alongside his online journalism career . He had edited and contributed for the Political Gazette between 2002 and 2007 , while also writing for numerous political party publications beforehand .   In March 1997 , Kürkçü was sentenced to 10 months in prison for translating a Human Rights Watch report titled ` War and People : Arms Transfers and Violations of the Laws of War in Turkey '' into Turkish together with the publisher Ayşe Zarakolu . Following an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights , the Turkish government were ordered to pay $ 2,500 in damages .

neg: Montenegro and the euro Montenegro has no currency of its own . From 1996 the Deutsche Mark was the de facto currency in all private and banking transactions and it was formally adopted as Montenegro 's currency in November 1999 . The mark was replaced by the euro in 2002 without any objections from the European Central Bank ( ECB ) .   The European Commission and the ECB have since voiced their discontent over Montenegro 's unilateral use of the euro on several occasions , with Amelia Torres , a spokesperson for the European Commission , saying `` The conditions for the adoption of the euro are clear . That means , first and foremost , to be a member of the EU . '' A statement attached to their Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU read : `` unilateral introduction of the euro was not compatible with the Treaty . ''   The EU insists on the strict adherence to convergence criteria ( such as spending at least 2 years in the ERMII system ) which are not negotiable before euro adoption , but have not intervened to stop the unilateral use of the euro by Montenegro . The EU has raised concerns of Montenegro 's state debt , which had risen to 57 percent of GDP by 2011 .   Officials from the Central Bank of Montenegro have indicated on several occasions that the European institutions do expect them to strictly follow ERM rules , particularly because of their EU accession process . Nikola Fabris , chief economist of the Central Bank of Montenegro , has said that the situation was different when they adopted the euro , and that other states which were considering unilaterally adopting the euro , such as Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina , would face sanctions from the EU and have their accession process suspended if they went ahead .   On 17 December 2010 Montenegro was granted candidate status to join the European Union . The issue is expected to be resolved through the negotiations process . The ECB has stated that the implications of unilateral euro adoption `` would be spelled out at the latest in the event of possible negotiations on EU accession . '' Diplomats have suggested that it is unlikely Montenegro will be forced to withdraw the euro from circulation in their country . Radoje Žugić , Montenegro 's Minister of Finance , has stated that `` it would be extremely economically irrational to return to our own currency and then later to again go back to the euro . '' Instead , he hopes that Montenegro will be permitted to keep the euro and has promised `` the government of Montenegro will adopt some certain elements which should fulfil the conditions for further use of the euro , such as adopting fiscal rules . ''   Unlike official members of the eurozone , Montenegro does not mint coins and therefore has no distinctive national design .

neg: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey) The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey is the government minister who heads the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is a member of the Cabinet of Turkey . The minister is responsible for overseeing the international relations of the government , though specific relations involving Turkey 's accession negotiations with the European Union are handled by the Ministry of European Union Affairs .   The office was established in 1920 during the Turkish War of Independence , after which Bekir Sami Kunduh became the first Minister to hold the office . The incumbent officeholder is Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu , who took office on 24 November 2015 after Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu formed his third government .

neg: Greek bailout referendum, 2015 A referendum to decide whether Greece was to accept the bailout conditions in the country 's government-debt crisis proposed jointly by the European Commission ( EC ) , the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) and the European Central Bank ( ECB ) on 25 June 2015 , took place on 5 July 2015 . The referendum was announced by Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras in the early morning of 27 June 2015 , and ratified the following day by the Parliament and the President . It was the first referendum to be held since the republic referendum of 1974 , and the only one in modern Greek history not to concern the form of government .   As a result of the referendum , the bailout conditions were rejected by a majority of over 61 % to 39 % approving , with the `` No '' vote winning in all of Greece 's regions . The referendum results also forced the immediate resignation of New Democracy leader Antonis Samaras as party president because of the perceived negative result of the `` Yes '' choice , to which the conservative party and Samaras had committed themselves .

neg: 1997 Turkish military memorandum The 1997 military memorandum ( 28 Şubat , `` 28 February '' ; also called Post-modern darbe , `` Post-modern coup '' ) in Turkey refers to the decisions issued by the Turkish military leadership on a National Security Council meeting on 28 February 1997 . This memorandum initiated the process that precipitated the resignation of Islamist prime minister Necmettin Erbakan of the Welfare Party , and the end of his coalition government .   As the government was forced out without dissolving the parliament or suspending the constitution , the event has been famously labelled a `` postmodern coup '' by the Turkish admiral Salim Dervişoğlu . The process after the coup is alleged to have been organised by the Batı Çalışma Grubu ( Western Working Group ) , a purported clandestine group within the military .

neg: Ukraine–European Union relations Relations between Ukraine and the European Union ( EU ) are currently shaped through the European Neighbourhood Policy ( ENP ) , a foreign policy instrument of the EU designed for the countries it borders .  The EU is seeking an increasingly close relationship with Ukraine , going beyond co-operation , to gradual economic integration and deepening of political co-operation . Ukraine is a priority partner within the ENP .   In 2012 , the EU initialled deals on free trade and political association with Ukraine ; however , EU leaders stated that these agreements would not be ratified unless Ukraine addresses concerns over a `` stark deterioration of democracy and the rule of law '' , including the imprisonment of Yulia Tymoshenko and Yuriy Lutsenko in 2011 and 2012 . Deadlines were set for Ukraine to carry out the required changes to its justice and electoral systems in order to enable the formal signing of their agreements with the EU in Vilnius on 29 November 2013 . But although the then Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych had urged the Ukrainian parliament to adopt laws so that Ukraine could meet the EU 's criteria , the Ukrainian government suspended preparations for signing the association agreement on 21 November 2013 . Yanukovych still attended the aforementioned EU summit in Vilnius on 28 -- 29 November 2013 where the association agreement was originally planned to be signed but it was not . The decision to put off signing the association agreement led to pro-EU Euromaidan movement . These led to the removal of Yanukovych and his government by parliament after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution in February 2014 . Since then , Ukraine has been striving towards integration into the European Union whilst the eastern part of the county has been engaged in pro-Russian unrest , opposing the Euromaidan movement .   The political part of the Association Agreement was signed on 21 March 2014 by the new Prime Minister , Arseniy Yatsenyuk . Meanwhile , the EU has attempted to stabilize Ukraine by freezing assets of allegedly corrupt Russians and Ukrainians and by granting financial aid to Ukraine . The economic part of the Ukraine -- European Union Association Agreement was signed on 27 June 2014 by the new President , Petro Poroshenko , who described this as Ukraine 's `` first but most decisive step '' towards EU membership . Poroshenko also set 2020 as a target for an EU membership application . On January 1 , 2016 , Ukraine joined the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the EU .


query: Selena Gomez starred in the 2013 film Spring Breakers.

pos: Spring Breakers Spring Breakers is a 2012 American film written and directed by Harmony Korine . It stars James Franco , Vanessa Hudgens , Selena Gomez , Ashley Benson and Rachel Korine and follows four college-aged girls on their spring break in Florida where they meet an eccentric local drug dealer named Alien who helps them in a time of desperation , and their eventual descent into a world of drugs , crime , and violence .   Korine had devised the concept for Spring Breakers over several years prior to production , with fleeting ideas about the plot and what should transpire . His initial desire was to create a `` sensory film '' that was more about feeling than action and placed little importance on narrative or plot , the idea for which came later . Once Korine developed the backbone of the story , which takes place around the American spring break period , he travelled to Florida to write the screenplay . Production began in 2012 , on an estimated budget of $ 5 million -- a relatively small amount in today 's film industry , albeit Korine 's second most expensive film to date . The film is also one of Korine 's first theatrical works to receive a wide release .   Spring Breakers was released on March 22 , 2013 in the United States by A24 and grossed $ 31 million worldwide , making it a resounding success considering the small budget . It received generally positive reviews from film critics , with some calling it a potential cult classic . The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival . Critics and scholars have read deeper meaning in the film 's plot , commenting on its reflection of modern-day superficiality and the younger generation 's obsession with highly stylised pop culture media .

pos: Selena Gomez Selena Marie Gomez ( -LSB- səˈliːnə_məˈɹiː_ˈɡoʊmɛz -RSB- ; -LSB- seˈlena ˈɣomes -RSB- ; born July 22 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer . Having appeared in the children 's television series Barney & Friends while growing up , she rose to fame playing the role of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place ( 2007 -- 2012 ) .   In 2008 , she signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records and formed her band Selena Gomez & the Scene . The band released three studio albums and produced four top 30 singles by 2011 . Gomez also formed her own production company in 2008 , July Moon Productions ; she serves as an executive producer on the Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why , which released in March 2017 .   Between 2009 and 2011 , Gomez starred in films such as Princess Protection Program , Ramona and Beezus , and Monte Carlo , and took on a more mature role in Spring Breakers ( 2013 ) . Gomez also took her singing career in a different direction , with the release of her first solo album Stars Dance ( 2013 ) ; the album debuted atop the Billboard 200 in the United States and included the top ten single `` Come & Get It . '' Gomez released a compilation album in 2014 as her fifth and final release through Hollywood Records , which was preceded by her second top ten single `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' , and signed a new recording contract with Interscope Records .   In 2015 , she released her second solo album , Revival , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , while the first three singles , `` Good for You , '' `` Same Old Love , '' and `` Hands to Myself , '' all topped the Mainstream Top 40 chart in the United States . Gomez has also starred in the films The Fundamentals of Caring ( 2016 ) , In Dubious Battle ( 2016 ) , and in the Hotel Transylvania films .   Since the start of her singing career , she has gone on to sell over 7 million albums and 22 million singles worldwide , according to Billboard . Gomez has earned a number of awards and nominations for her work as an actress and singer , and has won a Billboard Women in Music award , an MTV Video Music Award , an American Music Award , and fifteen Teen Choice Awards . As of November 2016 , Gomez is the most-followed Instagram user in the world .

neg: 2013 Radio Disney Music Awards The 2013 Radio Disney Music Awards were held on April 27 , 2013 , at the Nokia Theatre L.A. Live in Los Angeles , California , after a five-year hiatus after 2007 .

neg: List of Ever After High webisodes The Ever After High doll franchise has spawned a web series whose episodes were released on their website and YouTube . The web series is organized into chapters , each of which contains various shorts . The first few shorts were released on May 30 , 2013 . Some of the YouTube shorts have been compiled into longer episodes that are available to watch on Netflix , along with new episodes that are advertised as `` Netflix Originals . '' Some of the episodes are longer , such as the episode `` Thronecoming '' , which premiered on Nickelodeon on  November 2 , 2014 as a television special . The feature film , `` Spring Unsprung '' , was released as a Netflix exclusive on February 6 , 2015 .   The theme song was composed by Gabriel Mann and Allison Bloom , and was performed by Keeley Bumford . A live-action music video was released on October 15 , 2013 , featuring Stevie Dore as a high school senior and four younger girls dancing at a campus .

neg: Dawn Breakers International Film Festival Dawn Breakers International Film Festival ( DBIFF ) is an international travelling film festival held in various cities throughout the world . The festival originated in 2007 and debuted in Phoenix , Arizona and has since been held in San Diego , Houston and Zurich . DBIFF was recognized as an important festival and nominated at the 2014 annual list of MovieMaker 's `` Top 25 Film Festivals of the World '' in the Social Cause category . Selected films from this festival has received theatrical distribution , television broadcast and an Academy Award nomination .

neg: Tiger Orange Tiger Orange is an American drama film , released in 2014 . Directed by Wade Gasque and written by Mark Strano , the film stars Strano and Frankie Valenti as Chet and Todd , two gay brothers struggling to reconnect after their father 's death .   Chet , shy and reserved , has been living relatively closeted in the small town where the brothers grew up , running their father 's hardware store and taking great care not to be too open about his sexuality in the town 's relatively conservative social order , while Todd , more upfront about his sexuality , left home at 18 to move to Los Angeles , where he has been struggling to build a career as an actor . Despite the clash of personalities , however , each also envies some aspects of the other 's life ; Chet envies Todd 's freedom to live his life openly , while Todd regrets not having experienced Chet 's sense of belonging to a close-knit community and the opportunity he had to remain in close contact with their father . The tensions between them reach their peak when Brandon ( Gregory Marcel ) , Chet 's high school crush , also returns home to take care of his ailing mother ; Chet continues to struggle with his feelings for Brandon , while Todd actively pursues him .   The film premiered on July 18 , 2014 at Outfest . Strano won the festival 's award for Best Actor in a Feature Film . Valenti 's performance also drew praise from critics , with many calling attention to how unexpectedly strong it was for an actor previously known primarily for porn .   In a 2015 post for Indiewire 's / Bent blog on LGBT film , Gasque described the film as having been inspired by the LGBT community 's `` subtle tug-of-war between our desire to stand out and our need to fit in . ''   The film was picked up by Wolfe Video for distribution on DVD , video on demand and digital media platforms in January 2015 . It was released to those platforms in July 2015 .

neg: Justin Bieber's Believe Justin Bieber 's Believe is a 2013 American biographical concert film and the sequel to Never Say Never , both centering on Canadian singer Justin Bieber . It was released through Open Road Films in the United States and Canada on December 25 , 2013 . The film received negative reviews from critics and grossed $ 6.2 million in the United States .

neg: 55th Ariel Awards The 55th Ariel Awards ceremony , organized by the Mexican Academy of Film Arts and Sciences ( AMACC ) took place in 2013 , in Mexico City . During the ceremony , AMACC presented the Ariel Award in 23 categories honoring films released in 2012 . La vida precoz y breve de Sabina Rivas received eleven nominations and won three awards including Best Supporting Actress for Angelina Peláez . El Premio was named Best Picture and Rodrigo Plá was awarded Best Director .

neg: Springtime in the Rockies Springtime in the Rockies is an American Technicolor musical comedy film released by Twentieth Century Fox in 1942 . It stars Betty Grable , with support from John Payne , Carmen Miranda , Cesar Romero , Charlotte Greenwood , and Edward Everett Horton . Also appearing were Grable 's future husband Harry James and his band . The director was Irving Cummings . The screenplay was based on the short story `` Second Honeymoon '' by Philip Wylie .

neg: The Heart Wants What It Wants `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her 2014 compilation album For You . It was released on November 6 , 2014 , through Hollywood Records . The song was written by Gomez , Antonina Armato and Tim James . Additional songwriting was provided by David Jost . Armato and James , who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia , also produced the song . A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat , its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6 , 2014 , alongside the premiere of the song itself . It is Gomez 's last release under the label .   Music critics mostly commended the song 's lyrical content , production , vocals , and Gomez 's new direction . The song reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached number six in Canada , and peaked in the top 40 in sixteen countries , including Australia , Belgium , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom .

neg: Wash West Wash Westmoreland , also called Wash West , ( born 4 March 1966 ) is an independent film director who has worked in television , documentaries , and independent films . His 2006 release , Quinceañera , had a double Sundance win ( Audience Award and Grand Jury Prize ) , and it also picked up the Humanitas Prize and the John Cassavetes Spirit Award . In 2008 , Westmoreland produced an MTV film Pedro about AIDS activist Pedro Zamora that was introduced on MTV by U.S. President Bill Clinton . Working with his partner Richard Glatzer , he directed The Last of Robin Hood in 2012 starring Kevin Kline , Susan Sarandon , and Dakota Fanning that was released in August 2014 by Goldwyn . The duo 's next film Still Alice , based on Lisa Genova 's NYT bestselling book , starred Julianne Moore , Kristen Stewart , and Alec Baldwin . It premiered at Toronto International Film Festival in 2014 and was immediately picked up for distribution by Sony Picture Classics . It went on to win many awards , especially for leading actress Julianne Moore , who won the SAG Award , the Independent Spirit Award , the BAFTA and the Academy Award for Best Actress .

neg: 2013 Shanghai International Film Festival The 2013 Shanghai International Film Festival was the 16th such festival devoted to international cinema held in Shanghai , China .

neg: Stonewall (2015 film) Stonewall is a 2015 American drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Jon Robin Baitz . The film stars Jeremy Irvine , Ron Perlman , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , Joey King , Caleb Landry Jones , Matt Craven , Atticus Mitchell , and Mark Camacho . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Roadside Attractions .   The drama is set in and around the 1969 Stonewall riots , the violent clash with police that kicked off the gay liberation movement in New York City .

neg: Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others .   Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez .   Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .

neg: Proxy (film) Proxy is a 2013 American horror film directed by Zack Parker . The movie had its world premiere on September 10 , 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival . It stars Alexia Rasmussen as a pregnant young woman who joins a support group after she miscarries due to a vicious attack . The filmmakers describe Proxy as a spiritual successor to the horror film Rosemary 's Baby , and its main character Esther Woodhouse is named after the earlier film 's protagonist Rosemary Woodhouse .   Film rights to Proxy were picked up by IFC Midnight shortly after its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival .

neg: Devil's Knot (film) Devil 's Knot is a 2013 American biographical crime film directed by Atom Egoyan . The film is based on a true story as told in Mara Leveritt 's 2002 book of the same name , concerning three teenagers known as the West Memphis Three , who were convicted of killing three young boys during the Satanic ritual abuse panic . They were subsequently sentenced to death ( Echols ) and life imprisonment ( Baldwin and Misskelley ) . Produced by Elizabeth Fowler , Richard Saperstein , Clark Peterson , Christopher Woodrow , and Paul Harris Boardman , the film stars Colin Firth , Reese Witherspoon , Mireille Enos , Dane DeHaan , Kevin Durand , Bruce Greenwood , Stephen Moyer , Elias Koteas , Amy Ryan , and Alessandro Nivola .   The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2013 , followed by a wider release later that year . The film had a limited release in Canadian theaters on January 24 , 2014 , and was released in U.S. theaters and video on demand services on May 9 , 2014 .

neg: 9 Full Moons 9 Full Moons is a 2013 American film starring Amy Seimetz , Bret Roberts and Donal Logue . It was directed by Tomer Almagor and released in theaters in 2014 .

neg: A Snow Globe Christmas A Snow Globe Christmas is a 2013 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film starring Alicia Witt , Donald Faison and Christina Milian . The film premiered on Lifetime Movie Network on December 14 , 2013 .

neg: Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era .   The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .

neg: Girl, Boy, Bakla, Tomboy Girl , Boy , Bakla , Tomboy ( English : Female , Male , Gay , Lesbian ) is a 2013 Filipino comedy parody film produced by Star Cinema and VIVA Films starring Vice Ganda with Maricel Soriano , Joey Marquez , Ruffa Gutierrez , and Cristine Reyes . It is one of the official entries of the 2013 Metro Manila Film Festival .   The movie is supposedly the first solo movie of John Lapus but Deramas dropped him after he refused to drop weight .

neg: In Summer `` In Summer '' is a song from Disney 's 2013 animated feature film Frozen , with music and lyrics composed by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez .

neg: List of British films of 2013 The British film industry produced over five hundred feature films in 2013 . This article fully lists all non-pornographic films , including short films , that had a release date in that year and which were at least partly made by the United Kingdom . It does not include films first released in previous years that had release dates in 2013 .   Also included is an overview of the major events in British film , including film festivals and awards ceremonies , as well as lists of those films that were particularly well received , both critically and financially . The year was particularly notable for a number of low budget and independent horror films , such as In Fear , Devil 's Pass , Dementamania and Stalled .