query: Gillian Anderson has been in television shows.

pos: The Fall (TV series) The Fall is a British-Irish crime drama television series filmed and set in Northern Ireland . The series is created and written by Allan Cubitt , produced by Artists Studio , and shown on RTÉ One in the Republic of Ireland and BBC Two in the UK . It stars Gillian Anderson as DSI Stella Gibson and Jamie Dornan as serial killer Paul Spector .   The series premiered in the Republic of Ireland on RTÉ One on 12 May 2013 , and in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 13 May 2013 . The second series began in the Republic of Ireland on 9 November and in the UK on 13 November 2014 . The third series premiered on RTÉ One on 25 September and on BBC Two on 29 September 2016 .   The title is a reference to the line ` Falls the shadow ' from the poem `` The Hollow Men '' by T. S. Eliot .

pos: Gillian Anderson Gillian Leigh Anderson , OBE ( born August 9 , 1968 ) , is an American-British film , television and theatre actress , activist and writer . Her credits include the roles of FBI Special Agent Dana Scully in the long-running and widely popular series The X-Files , ill-fated socialite Lily Bart in Terence Davies ' film The House of Mirth ( 2000 ) , and DSI Stella Gibson on the BBC crime drama television series The Fall . Among other honours , Anderson has won a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards .   After beginning her career on stage , Anderson achieved international recognition for her role as FBI Special Agent Dana Scully on the American sci-fi drama series The X-Files . Her film work includes the dramas The Mighty Celt ( 2005 ) , The Last King of Scotland ( 2006 ) , Shadow Dancer ( 2012 ) , Viceroy 's House ( 2017 ) and two X-Files films : The X-Files : Fight the Future ( 1998 ) and The X-Files : I Want to Believe ( 2008 ) . Other notable television credits include : portraying Lady Dedlock in the successful BBC production of Charles Dickens ' Bleak House , Wallis Simpson in Any Human Heart , Miss Havisham in Great Expectations ( 2011 ) , and Dr. Bedelia Du Maurier on Hannibal . Anderson is the co-writer of The EarthEnd Saga novel trilogy and the self-help guide book WE : A Manifesto for Women Everywhere .   Aside from film and TV , Anderson has taken on the stage and received both awards and critical acclaim . Her stage work includes Absent Friends ( 1991 ) -- for which she won a Theatre World Award for Best Newcomer , A Doll 's House ( 2009 ) -- that earned her a Laurence Olivier Award nomination , and a portrayal of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2014 , 2016 ) -- for which she won the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress and received her second Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress .   Anderson has been active in supporting numerous charities and humanitarian organizations . She is an honorary spokesperson for the Neurofibromatosis ( NF ) Network and a co-founder of South African Youth Education for Sustainability ( SAYes ) . Anderson was appointed an honorary Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in 2016 for her services to drama .

pos: Dana Scully Dana Scully is a fictional character in the Fox science fiction-supernatural television series The X-Files , played by Gillian Anderson . Scully is an FBI agent and a medical doctor ( M.D. ) , partnered with fellow Special Agent Fox Mulder for the first seven , and the tenth , seasons , and with John Doggett in the eighth and ninth seasons . In the television series , they work out of a cramped basement office at FBI headquarters in Washington , D.C. to investigate unsolved cases labeled `` X-Files '' . In 2002 , Scully left government employment , and in 2008 she began working as a surgeon in Our Lady of Sorrows , a private Catholic hospital -- where she stayed for seven years , until rejoining the FBI . In contrast to Mulder 's credulous `` believer '' character , Scully is the skeptic for the first seven seasons , choosing to base her beliefs on what science can prove . She later on becomes a `` believer '' after Mulder 's abduction at the end of season seven .   Scully has appeared in all but four episodes of The X-Files , and in the 20th Century Fox films The X-Files , released in 1998 , and The X-Files : I Want to Believe , released ten years later . The episodes she does not appear in are `` 3 '' , `` Zero Sum '' , `` Unusual Suspects '' , and `` Travelers '' .

pos: The X-Files The X-Files is an American science fiction drama television series created by Chris Carter , which originally aired from September 10 , 1993 to May 19 , 2002 on Fox . The program spanned nine seasons , included 202 episodes , and a feature film of the same name . Later in 2008 , a second film was made and preceded a tenth season revival , which consisted of six episodes , in 2016 . The revival premiered on January 24 , 2016 . In April 2017 , Fox officially announced that The X-Files would be returning for an eleventh season of ten episodes , which would air in the 2017 -- 18 television season .   The series revolves around Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who investigate X-Files : marginalized , unsolved cases involving paranormal phenomena . Mulder believes in the existence of aliens and the paranormal while Scully , a medical doctor and a skeptic , is assigned to make scientific analyses of Mulder 's discoveries to debunk his work and thus return him to mainstream cases . Early in the series , both agents become pawns in a larger conflict and come to trust only each other and a very few select people . The agents also discover an agenda of the government to keep the existence of extraterrestrial life a secret . They develop a close relationship which begins as a platonic friendship , but becomes a romance by the end of the series . In addition to the series-spanning story arc , `` Monster-of-the-Week '' episodes form roughly two-thirds of all episodes .   The X-Files was inspired by earlier television series which featured elements of suspense and speculative fiction , including Alfred Hitchcock Presents , The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , Tales from the Darkside , and especially Kolchak : The Night Stalker . When creating the main characters , Carter sought to reverse gender stereotypes by making Mulder a believer and Scully a skeptic . The first seven seasons featured Duchovny and Anderson equally . In the last two seasons , Anderson took precedence while Duchovny appeared intermittently . New main characters were introduced : FBI agents John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) and Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) . Mulder and Scully 's boss , Assistant Director Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) , also became a main character . The first five seasons of The X-Files were filmed and produced in Vancouver , British Columbia , before eventually moving to Los Angeles to accommodate Duchovny . The series later returned to Vancouver to film The X-Files : I Want to Believe as well as the tenth season of the series .   The X-Files was a hit for the Fox network and received largely positive reviews , although its long-term story arc was criticized near the conclusion . Initially considered a cult series , it turned into a pop culture touchstone that tapped into public mistrust of governments and large institutions and embraced conspiracy theories and spirituality . Both the series itself and lead actors Duchovny and Anderson received multiple awards and nominations , and by the end it was the longest-running science fiction series in U.S. television history . The series also spawned a franchise which includes The Lone Gunmen spin-off , two theatrical films and accompanying merchandise . After the final theatrical film in 2008 , fans continued to push for a third movie to conclude the series ' plot lines , and in March 2015 , Fox eventually announced that the series would return , with Chris Carter as executive producer and writer , and Duchovny , Anderson , Pileggi , Davis , and Gish all reprising their roles .

neg: Alpha (The X-Files) `` Alpha '' is the sixteenth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network on March 28 , 1999 in the United States . The episode was written by Jeffrey Bell , and directed by Peter Markle . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . `` Alpha '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.1 , being watched by 17.7 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly negative reviews from critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Mulder and Scully investigate several killings blamed on an Asian dog called the Wanshang Dhole , thought to be extinct . Mulder and Scully join an obstinate Sheriff , a seemingly eccentric hunter , and a reclusive canine expert to find it . However , there is more mystery to the expert than meets the eye .   `` Alpha '' was based on a single motif -- `` Scary dogs in the City '' -- written by Jeffrey Bell onto a notecard . The episode went through several drafts before being readied right before filming began . Several of the scenes featuring the Chinese freighter were created either through digital technology or through the combination of matte paintings and actual filmed footage .

neg: The Catherine Tate Show The Catherine Tate Show is a British television sketch comedy written by Catherine Tate and Aschlin Ditta . Tate also stars in all but one of the show 's sketches , which feature a wide range of characters . The Catherine Tate Show airs on BBC Two and is shown worldwide through the BBC . Collectively , the show has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards , two British Comedy Awards and an Emmy Award , and it has won two Royal Television Society Awards , two British Comedy Awards and a National Television Award since its debut in 2004 .

neg: The X-Files (season 9) The ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files commenced airing in the United States on November 11 , 2001 , concluded on May 19 , 2002 , and consists of twenty episodes . The season takes place after Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) goes into hiding , following the events of the eighth season finale , `` Existence '' . As such , the main storyarc for the season follows Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) , John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , and Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) on their hunt to reveal a government conspiracy involving the elaborate creation of `` Super Soldiers '' .   For this season , former series ' leads Duchovny and Anderson scaled back their involvement with the show , with the former only starring in the two episodes that formed the season finale , `` The Truth '' . Doggett and Reyes became the show 's central characters , and former recurring character Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) became a main character . Series creator Chris Carter had hopes that the show could continue on with new leads , and the opening credits were accordingly redesigned again .   Season nine received mixed reviews by critics and garnered negative reaction from many long-time fans and viewers , partially because Duchovny did not make regular appearances on the show , after fulfilling his contract in the previous season . During this year , ratings for the season fell dramatically . Critics blamed it on what they considered an increasingly incoherent story arc , whilst the cast and crew ascribed the drop in viewership to the September 11 attacks . Regardless , Fox eventually decided to cancel the series . During the airing of season eight , Carter and The X-Files production team had created and aired a spinoff titled The Lone Gunmen . The show was unsuccessful and was cancelled before any story arcs were resolved , but The X-Files episode `` Jump the Shark '' was written to give closure to the series . The X-Files storyline was continued with the 2008 theatrical film The X Files : I Want to Believe and later with a tenth season in 2016 .

neg: F. Emasculata `` F. Emasculata '' is the twenty-second episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It first premiered on the Fox network in the United States on . It was written by series creator Chris Carter and staff writer Howard Gordon , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . `` F. Emasculata '' received a Nielsen rating of 8.9 and was watched by 8.5 million households . The episode received mixed reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully tries to discover the cause of a mysterious illness after several men in a prison die . Meanwhile , Mulder attempts to find two escapees who could potentially spread the disease .   `` F. Emasculata '' was based on the actual practice of pharmaceutical companies sending scientists all over the world looking for plants and animals that could have medicinal use . The X-Files director Frank Spotnitz felt that the episode 's exploding pustules were ridiculous because of their over-the-top nature . The Costa Rican forest at the opening was shot at the Seymour Demonstration Forest in Northern Vancouver .

neg: List of Joe 90 episodes This is the list of episodes of the Gerry Anderson television series Joe 90 , made for the British production company ITC Entertainment and first broadcast between 1968 and 1969 on ATV Midlands . Episodes are listed in original ATV Midlands broadcast order .

neg: Homicide (Australian TV series) Homicide ( 1964-1977 ) was an Australian television police procedural drama series made by production firm Crawford Productions for the Seven Network . It was the television successor to Crawfords ' radio series D24 .

neg: Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode .   The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order .   Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes .   A popular variant is the police procedural .

neg: Unrequited (The X-Files) `` Unrequited '' is the sixteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by Howard Gordon and series creator Chris Carter , and directed by Michael Lange . It originally aired in the United States on February 23 , 1997 on the Fox network . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . This episode earned a Nielsen rating of 10.9 and was seen by 16.56 million viewers upon its initial broadcast . `` Unrequited '' received mixed to negative reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . In this episode , the murder of a U.S. Army Lieutenant General has Mulder and Scully struggling to stop a seemingly invisible assassin . The two agents soon learn that they are doomed to failure from the start , as the U.S. government is attempting to cover up the existence of American POWs still being kept in Vietnam .   Gordon was inspired to write the episode after viewing an installment of the news series 60 Minutes that dealt with American secret agents the CIA left behind during the Vietnam War . The eventual concept that the assassin could create blind spots came after the writer spoke with his ophthalmologist brother . The entry featured a finished replica of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial , and various Canadian locales substituted for various locations in Washington , D.C.

neg: Prime Suspect Prime Suspect is a British police procedural television drama series . It stars Helen Mirren as Jane Tennison , one of the first female Detective Chief Inspectors in Greater London 's Metropolitan Police Service , as she rises to rank of Detective Superintendent whilst confronting the institutionalised sexism that exists within her job .

neg: Home Again (The X-Files) `` Home Again '' is the fourth episode of the tenth season of The X-Files . Written and directed by Glen Morgan , it first aired February 8 , 2016 , and guest stars Tim Armstrong as Trashman , Sheila Larken as Margaret Scully , Antonio Banderas as Painter , and Veena Sood as Dr. Louise Colquitt .

neg: Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully .   Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .

neg: Underneath (The X-Files) `` Underneath '' is the twelfth episode of the ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . The episode first aired in the United States on March 31 , 2002 on the Fox network . The episode was written and directed by executive producer John Shiban . The episode is a `` monster-of-the-week '' episode , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the mythology , or overarching fictional history , of The X-Files . The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 4.4 and was viewed by 4.64 million households and 7.3 million viewers . It received mixed reviews from critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files ; this season focuses on the investigations of John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) , and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) . In this episode , Doggett is determined to find an error in the DNA evidence that freed the convicted Robert Fassl , the `` Screwdriver Killer '' , whom he nearly caught in the act 13 years earlier . In the end , it is revealed that Fassl has a mental condition that splits him into two parts : the religious innocent and the vengeful killer .   `` Underneath '' marked the directorial debut of Shiban , who had been a writer for the series for several seasons . Reportedly , the episode contained `` so many problems '' that the Fox executives nearly refused to allow the finished product to air . At the last minute , however , they relented , and allowed the episode to be aired later on in the season , several weeks after its intended air date . Shiban originally wanted to film the sewer scenes in Los Angeles ' actual sewer system , but due to the events of September 11 , a sewer mock-up was built on Stage 11 at the Fox studios .

neg: Three Words (The X-Files) `` Three Words '' is the sixteenth episode of the eighth season ( and the 177th episode overall ) of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It first aired in the United States and Canada on April 8 , 2001 , on Fox . It was written by executive producers Chris Carter and Frank Spotnitz , and directed by Tony Wharmby . The episode explores the series ' overarching mythology and earned a Nielsen rating of 7.6 and was viewed by 7.77 million households , receiving mixed to positive reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) , Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) and John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . In this episode , Mulder secretly conducts his own investigation after a man is gunned down on the White House lawn attempting to inform the President of a planned alien invasion . However , he is soon in over his head as he tries to expose further evidence of colonization .   The episode was written as a way to signal Mulder 's exit from the FBI . The producers and writers felt that , if Mulder 's character was given a clean exit , the show could more easily focus on the characters of John Doggett and Monica Reyes in the following season . Former series star and recurring actor David Duchovny later declared that he had been happy to see his character depart in this manner .

neg: Gillian Galbraith Gillian Galbraith is an Advocate-turned-author , a Scottish crime writer , whose protagonist , DS Alice Rice , is based in Edinburgh .

neg: Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' is the seventh episode of the fourth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on November 17 , 1996 . It was written by Glen Morgan , directed by James Wong , and featured the first guest appearance by Chris Owens , appearing as a younger Smoking Man . `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.7 , being watched by 17.09 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly positive reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Lone Gunman Melvin Frohike ( Tom Braidwood ) finds a tell-tale magazine story supposedly revealing the history of The Smoking Man ( William B. Davis ) . The episode illustrates his possible involvement in several historical events and assassinations , although the reliability of the source is unresolved at the end of the episode .   Executive producer Frank Spotnitz later noted that , while parts of `` Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man '' may indeed be factual , the majority is not actual canon . The production of the episode did not require extensive use of Duchovny and Anderson on screen . The former 's voice is only heard and the latter appears only in archival footage . Davis , who portrayed the title character , was pleased with the episode , although confused with some of the contradictions in the script . Although not directly furthering the series ' overarching mythology , the episode involves several of its events and characters .

neg: The Watch (TV series) The Watch is a British fantasy police procedural television series under development since 2011 . It is to be based on the stories about the Ankh-Morpork City Watch from the Discworld series of fantasy novels by Terry Pratchett .

neg: The Young Ones (TV series) The Young Ones is a British sitcom , broadcast in the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1984 in two six-part series . Shown on BBC2 , it featured anarchic , offbeat humour which helped bring alternative comedy to television in the 1980s and made household names of its writers and performers . In 1985 , it was shown on MTV , one of the first non-music television shows on the fledgling channel . In a 2004 poll , it ranked at number 31 in the BBC 's list of Britain 's Best Sitcoms .

neg: Sunshine Days `` Sunshine Days '' is the eighteenth and penultimate episode of the ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files , and the series ' 200th episode overall . It originally aired on the Fox network on May 12 , 2002 . The entry was written and directed by executive producer Vince Gilligan . The episode is a `` monster-of-the-week '' episode , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the mythology , or overarching fictional history , of The X-Files . `` Sunshine Days '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.2 , was viewed by 6.5 million households , and 10.4 million viewers in its initial broadcast . It received mixed reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files ; this season focuses on the investigations of John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) , and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) . In this episode , Doggett , Reyes , Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) and Scully stumble on to a bizarre murder case where the main suspect is a man with an unusual obsession for The Brady Bunch . Despite their initial differences -- both in investigative style and love of The Brady Bunch -- the four of them soon learn that the man 's telekinetic ability is the ultimate , undeniable proof of an X-File .   The episode marked Gilligan 's second directorial effort , after season seven 's `` Je Souhaite '' . The Brady Bunch house set featured in the episode was completely rebuilt . According to Anderson , people came `` from all over Los Angeles '' to get their pictures taken on the set . In addition , it contained several elaborate effects . `` Sunshine Days '' was the final `` monster-of-the-week '' entry in the series ; the series finale , `` The Truth '' would deal with the series ' overarching alien colonization mythology .

neg: TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series .   TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .

neg: Miles Anderson Miles Anderson ( born 23 October 1947 ) is a Zimbabwean stage and television actor , who has appeared in television serials both in the United Kingdom , and North America . He recently appeared as Martin Millar , in the BBC soap opera Doctors .   Born in 1947 in Rhodesia , now Zimbabwe , Anderson was educated at Prince Edward School . His father commanded the Rhodesian Army and his mother Daphne , wrote a memoir of her difficult childhood in Rhodesia . He has appeared in the US television series , Criminal Minds , as well as the ongoing show Ultimate Force as Colonel Aiden Dempsey . He had previously played Lt. Col. Dan Fortune in ITV 's Soldier Soldier ( series 1 and 2 only , 1991 -- 92 ) . He was awarded the 1982 London Critics ' Circle Drama Theatre Award for Best Supporting Actor of 1981 for his performances in The Twin Rivals and The Witch of Edmonton . His numerous performances for television include Fall of Eagles , Z-Cars , The Sweeney . Campion , House of Cards , Oliver 's Travels , Every Woman Knows a Secret and Holby City . Anderson has also appeared in two episodes of Midsomer Murders entitled `` Death In Disguise '' and `` Last Year 's Model '' , and was the voice of Poseidon in the 1997 TV adaptation of The Odyssey . Most recently he was seen as Major Marchbanks in the BBC adaptation of Philip Pullman 's The Ruby in the Smoke and he appeared in 2007 in the sixth series of the crime-drama Waking the Dead . In 2008 , he made a brief appearance as Edward Tunstall in the BBC 's EastEnders . He narrated the Sky1 version of the New Zealand documentary The Lion Man and appeared in an episode of A Touch of Frost . In 2010 , Anderson appeared as the title character in The Madness of George III mounted by director Adrian Noble at San Diego 's Old Globe Theatre . He won the San Diego 's Critics ' Circle award for Best Actor . In 2011 , he played Prospero in The Tempest and Salieri in Amadeus , both directed by Noble . In 2013 he again won the San Diego Critic 's Circle Award for his Shylock in Adrian Noble 's production of Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice . In 2015 he appeared as Renard in the BBC TV series The Musketeers episode 2.5 `` The Return '' . His film credits include roles in The Thirty Nine Steps ( 1978 ) , The Shillingbury Blowers ( 1980 ) , Sky Bandits ( 1986 ) and Cry Freedom ( 1987 ) , among others .   He is an associate member of RADA and the father of actor Joe Anderson and Max Anderson the 2006 and 2011 World Streetboard Champion .


query: 24 premiered in March.

pos: 24 (TV series) 24 is an American crime thriller television series produced for the Fox network , created by Joel Surnow and Robert Cochran , and starring Kiefer Sutherland as counter-terrorist agent Jack Bauer . Each season , comprising 24 episodes , covers 24 hours in Bauer 's life using the real time method of narration . Premiering on November 6 , 2001 , the show spanned 192 episodes over eight seasons ; the series finale broadcast on May 24 , 2010 . In addition , a television film , 24 : Redemption , was broadcast between seasons six and seven , on November 23 , 2008 . 24 returned as a 12-episode series titled 24 : Live Another Day , which aired from May 5 to July 14 , 2014 . 24 : Legacy , a spin-off series featuring new characters , premiered on February 5 , 2017 , after Super Bowl LI .   The series begins with Bauer working for the Los Angeles -- based Counter Terrorist Unit , in which he is a highly proficient agent with an `` ends justify the means '' approach , regardless of the perceived morality of some of his actions . Throughout the series most of the main plot elements unfold like a political thriller . A typical plot has Bauer racing against the clock as he attempts to thwart multiple terrorist plots , including presidential assassination attempts , weapons of mass destruction detonations , bioterrorism , cyber attacks , as well as conspiracies that deal with government and corporate corruption .24 garnered critical acclaim , winning numerous awards over its eight seasons , including Best Drama Series at the 2003 Golden Globe Awards and Outstanding Drama Series at the 2006 Primetime Emmy Awards . At the conclusion of its eighth season , 24 became the longest-running U.S. espionage/counterterrorism-themed television drama ever , surpassing both Mission : Impossible and The Avengers '' .

neg: The Film Review The Film Review ( formerly Film 24 ) is a 10-minute film related programme shown on BBC News each Friday evening at 5.45 pm . It reviews three new films each week .   Jane Hill serves as the main host , and Mark Kermode as the regular film critic .   The programme was renamed The Film Review on 22 March 2013 , following BBC News 24 's rebrand to BBC News and move to Broadcasting House .

neg: Final 24 Final 24 is a Canadian documentary series which airs on the Discovery Channel , Global Television Network , and OWN . Released in Canada in 2006 , the series chronicles the last 24 hours of the lives of famous celebrities of the late 20th century . The series was narrated by Canadian voice artist Dave McRae for a US release in 2007 on the biography channel and by Danny Wallace in the UK .

neg: CP24 CablePulse 24 ( CP24 ) is a Canadian English language Category A specialty cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Bell Media subsidiary of BCE , Inc. . Based in Toronto , the channel focuses on local news from the Greater Toronto Area and Southern Ontario , and also covers national and international news . It is distributed through cable in Southern Ontario and direct broadcast satellite nationally .

neg: Doggie March is a 1963 anime feature film directed by Akira Daikubara while produced by Toei Company , Ltd. . The film premiered in the same year as another Toei Animation production , Wolf Boy Ken . An apprentice around this time , a pre-fame Hayao Miyazaki worked on in-betweens during the production phase as his first animation gig . The film was released in Japan by Toei on December 21 , 1963 .

neg: James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .

neg: March (disambiguation) March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars .   March may also refer to :   March ( surname ) , a surname ( including a list of people and fictional characters with the surname )

neg: Cap 24 Cap 24 was a French regional television channel , available in Paris and Île-de-France region , broadcasting from the Eiffel Tower . It began broadcasting on 20 March 2008 .

neg: Colonel March of Scotland Yard Colonel March of Scotland Yard is a 1950s British television series based on author John Dickson Carr 's ( aka Carter Dickson ) fictional detective Colonel March from his book The Department of Queer Complaints ( 1940 ) . Carr was a mystery author who specialised in locked-room whodunnits and other ` impossible ' crimes : murder mysteries that seemed to defy possibility . The stories of the television series followed in the same vein with Detective March solving cases that baffle Scotland Yard and the British police . The department itself is sometimes referred to as `` D3 '' . Boris Karloff starred as Colonel March .   The series was made at Southall Studios in Middlesex , England ( and , later , Nettlefold Studios in Walton-on-Thames , England ) was produced by Fountain Films for ITV . Karloff and his wife Evelyn sailed to England in July , 1952 , where Karloff filmed 3 different pilot episodes to show TV executives . While awaiting a decision to go ahead with more episodes , the three pilots were combined into a 1953 feature film called Colonel March Investigates . In 1953 , Karloff returned to England to film 23 more episodes , making a total of 26 , then returned to Hollywood to film Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ( 1953 ) .   The Colonel March series premiered in 1956 with a total of 26 episodes . ( It was broadcast from Feb. 1 , 1956 through April 1 , 1957 , which included a number of rerun episodes . ) It began running in the United States in February , seven months before British viewers got to see it .   The show starred Boris Karloff as the urbane , tweed wearing , eye-patched sleuth . No reason was ever given for the loss of his left eye . ( In some close-ups , it is evident that Karloff sometimes wore an eyepatch with a dark gauze area in the centre , presumably to allow him to still see through it . ) Other regular actors included Ewan Roberts as Inspector Ames of Scotland Yard and Eric Pohlmann as Inspector Goron of the Paris Sûreté . ( In the episode The Second Mona Lisa , Pohlmann played a Middle Eastern character called The Emir . ) Roberts ' Scottish accent grows stronger as the series progresses from plummy English in the first dozen episodes to full on Scottish burr for the second dozen .   Only twelve episodes of the series still exist as prints in the original 35 mm format , with the rest surviving at 16 mm prints .   Although he is referred to on numerous websites including IMDb as Perceval March , the name on his office door clearly states `` D3 Colonel A. L. March '' . In the episode The Silver Curtain , March tells a doctor that his first names are `` Perceval Clovis Adlebare '' although he is stalling to gain information from the doctor . He then says his occupation is the study of unusual crime , which is true , so that could also be admitting his real name . This may explain why in a later episode , Hot Money , the sign on the door was changed to read `` D. 3 . COL. MARCH '' .   The opening title sequence showed Colonel March taking off his coat in his office and writing the title of each episode in a book . This then dissolves to an image of an object from within the following story , what Alfred Hitchcock would call a MacGuffin , a fairly unimportant plot device that starts the story rolling and/or keeps it moving along . Often it 's a murder weapon or an item of clothing . Sometimes its relevance is a mystery until it is revealed later in the episode . Other episodes , such as in The Headless Hat , show the item that the episode is named after .   The episodes The Talking Head uses the complete version of the original theme tune during the end credits . It was usually truncated and faded up whilst some way through . The show 's slightly mysterious and threatening theme tune was changed for the episodes Error at Daybreak and The Silver Curtain to a piece of jaunty , faster paced music that had originally been used in previous episodes to accompany shots of a busy city .   Other guest actors in the series include Christopher Lee , Patrick Barr , Hugh Griffith , Marne Maitland ( twice ) , Joan Sims , Anthony Newley , Patricia Owens , George Coulouris , Anton Diffring , Martin Benson , Zena Marshall , Mary Parker and Robert Brown . The episode Death and the Other Monkey features a small acting part by future film director John Schlesinger as a Dutch ship 's captain . The episode Error at Daybreak features a performance from the then 10 year old actor Richard O'Sullivan who later went on to star in Robin 's Nest and several other ITV series .   As of July 2016 all 26 episodes we available for streaming on the UK Amazon Prime platform . As of September 2016 the series was being screened on UK television channels Talking Pictures TV and London Live .

neg: March 24 March 24th is the 365th and last day of the year in many European implementations of the Julian calendar .

neg: Rede 21 Rede 21 ( Portuguese for 21 Network ) is a Brazilian television network , launched on October 21 , 1996 ( relaunched on July 7 , 2008 ) , as Canal 21 , broadcasting only for São Paulo . It grew to a network in 2003 with the addition of the TV Brasília affiliation . Before this , Salvador and Macapá pass to have the 21 signal . In 2003 , Rio de Janeiro received the 21 on channel 54 UHF by retransmission , but shut down at the end of 2005 .   In 2005 , the network nationally broadcast five hours , from 7pm at 12am , but had good quality . Most part of this schedule was occupied by Japanese cartoons and American series like Sex and The City , The X-Files and That '70s Show .

neg: 24th Primetime Emmy Awards The 24th Emmy Awards , later known as the 24th Primetime Emmy Awards , were handed out on May 6 , 1972 . The ceremony was hosted by Johnny Carson . Winners are listed in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses .   The top shows of the night were All in the Family and Elizabeth R. All in the Family set numerous records during the night , it became the first show to win six major awards , ( although one came in a tie , this record would be broken by other shows that won six major awards outright ) . It also became the first non-anthology drama to receive at least ten major nominations .   A milestone was set when All in the Family and Columbo each received every nomination in a major category , both for writing . This feat has become extremely rare as the field of nominees expanded to five and later six . Glenda Jackson also made history by receiving three acting nominations for the same performance as Queen Elizabeth I in Elizabeth R , rules changes have made this impossible in later ceremonies .

neg: 24 Hours in the Past 24 Hours in the Past was a BBC One living history TV series first broadcast in 2015 . Six celebrities were immersed in a recreation of impoverished life in Victorian Britain . Each of the four episodes represented 24 hours living and working in four different occupations .   A key part of the series was its immersive nature . The four episodes were ostensibly filmed in direct sequence , and the participants lived , ate and slept in the often filthy conditions portrayed .   Living history has become a popular theme in recent UK TV series , usually involving Ruth Goodman and regular collaborators in a long-term series , filmed in intermittent episodes with a cast of historians . This series took a different pitch , using a continuous filming technique without the respite of hotels between episodes and cast with `` the randomest collection of participants '' to create an air of surprise at their conditions .

neg: 24 Horas (Colombian TV series) 24 Horas was a Colombian newscast , produced by the programadora of the same name . It aired between January 3 , 1977 and January 21 , 2000 . It had reigned at the 7pm timeslot on weeknights for more than 20 years , but the new timeslot awarded in the licitación of 1997 and the programadoras crisis that soon followed brought the program and programadora to their end . At the time it ended , it was the longest-running newscast airing on Colombian television ; after the end of 24 Horas , this title passed to Datos y Mensajes with its Noticiero TV Hoy .

neg: 24 Hour Design 24 Hour Design is an American reality television series involving a team consisting of a host and designer , design assistant and a carpenter that help homeowners transform a single room . The show is shot in a single day ( usually less than 10 hours ) , with a budget around $ 2,000 .   Original episodes of 24 Hour Design began to air on HGTV October 6 , 2006 . The program 's second season began July 10 , 2007 .   In each episode of 24 Hour Design , the host meets with the homeowners to discuss the redesign of their room . The team and homeowners work on the space together up until the final hour . In the final hour the designer transforms the room for the final reveal . The redesign usually consists of painting of the room and the construction a furniture piece .

neg: 24th Venice International Film Festival The 24th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 24 August to 7 September 1963 .

neg: April (1961 film) April ( -LSB- აპრილი , Aprili -RSB- , -LSB- Апрель , Aprel -RSB- ) is a short romance-drama film written and directed by Otar Iosseliani . The film was produced in 1961 in Iosseliani 's early period while still in his native Georgia .   The film was screened out of competition at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Parenthood (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 25 , 2014 and concluded on January 29 , 2015 . The season order consists of 13 episodes . As part of the budget cuts made by NBC so that the series would have a sixth season , none of the main cast members appear in every episode . The season five budget was reportedly $ 3.5 million per episode , but the season six budget was only $ 3 million per episode .


query: Jay Sekulow is an attorney.

pos: Jay Sekulow Jay Alan Sekulow ( born June 10 , 1956 ) is an American attorney and Chief Counsel for the American Center for Law & Justice ( ACLJ ) . He also hosts a talk show , which airs on radio and television . Sekulow is a frequent guest commentator on the Christian Broadcasting Network and the Fox News Channel .

neg: Sub judice In law , sub judice , Latin for `` under judgment '' , means that a particular case or matter is under trial or being considered by a judge or court . The term may be used synonymously with `` the present case '' or `` the case at bar '' by some lawyers .   In England and Wales , Ireland , New Zealand , Australia , South Africa , Bangladesh , India , Pakistan , Canada , Sri Lanka , and Israel it is generally considered inappropriate to comment publicly on cases sub judice , which can be an offence in itself , leading to contempt of court proceedings . This is particularly true in criminal cases , where publicly discussing cases sub judice may constitute interference with due process .   In English law , the term was correctly used to describe material which would prejudice court proceedings by publication before 1981 . Sub judice is now irrelevant to journalists because of the introduction of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 . Under Section 2 of the Act , a substantial risk of serious prejudice can only be created by a media report when proceedings are active . Proceedings become active when there is an arrest , oral charge , issue of a warrant , or a summons .   In the United States , there are First Amendment concerns about stifling the right of free speech which prevent such tight restrictions on comments sub judice . However , State Rules of Professional Conduct governing attorneys often place restrictions on the out-of-court statements an attorney may make regarding an ongoing case . Furthermore , there are still protections for criminal defendants , and those convicted in an atmosphere of a media circus have had their convictions overturned for a fairer trial .

neg: Stephen Sewall Stephen Sewall ( December 14 , 1702 -- September 10 , 1760 ) was a judge in colonial Massachusetts . Born in Salem , Massachusetts , he was the son of Stephen Sewall , the clerk of court at the Salem witchcraft trials , and a nephew of Chief Justice Samuel Sewall , who presided at the witchcraft trials . He was the uncle of lawyer Jonathan Sewall .   Although never formally trained as a lawyer or admitted to the bar , he was appointed as Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature , the highest court in the colony . He also served on the Massachusetts Governor 's Council , which was then the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court . He was generally respected by both friends ( the `` court party '' ) and foes ( the `` popular party '' ) of royal government .   Sewall 's death in Boston in 1760 was followed by controversy . James Otis , Jr. believed that his father , James Otis , Sr. , had been promised the office of chief justice , but Governor Francis Bernard appointed Crown supporter Thomas Hutchinson instead , creating a political rift that would have important implications in the development of the American Revolution . While Sewall had expressed doubts about the legality of writs of assistance , which were controversial general search warrants , Hutchinson authorized them -- over the objections of Otis -- in the famous `` writs of assistance case '' of 1761 .

neg: Isaac Selby Isaac Selby ( 3 November 1859 -- 26 March 1956 ) was an Australian lecturer , historian and anti-Catholic campaigner .   He was born at Greenwich in England to joiner Isaac Selby and Isabella Gilhome . The family migrated to New Zealand in 1868 and young Isaac was educated at Dunedin , where he was a diligent and enthusiastic student . He moved to Melbourne in 1882 and settled there after a brief return to Dunedin . On 28 October 1885 he married Jessie Beatrice Chapman at Auckland ; they had three children . In Melbourne Selby worked as a lecturer and debater , supporting Unitarianism and teetotalism and denouncing Catholicism and the Jesuits .   He moved to San Francisco in the 1890s and joined the Unitarian Church there . His wife refused to accompany him back to Australia in 1901 and she sued for divorce ; during their divorce case , he shot at but missed Judge James C. Hebbard when he ruled in her favour . He named a Donald McRae as a third party in the case .   He ran for the House of Representatives seat of Northern Melbourne in the 1901 federal election against H. B. Higgins , blaming `` the sinister hand of Rome '' for his defeat .   Selby returned to San Francisco in 1904 and became involved in an acrimonious divorce with his wife , who eventually won the case as well as custody of their children . Selby entered the court of the ruling judge , James Hebbard , on 28 November of that year and fired a revolver at him ; although the bullet missed , he was sentenced to seven years in gaol and only released in 1910 on the condition that he return to Australia immediately . Selby resumed his lecturing and debating , which he continued until the 1950s . He joined the Royal Historical Society of Victoria in 1920 and in 1924 published The Old Pioneers ' Memorial History of Melbourne . He published a two-volume work containing Hinemoa , a pantomime , and Memories of Maoriland , a history , in 1925 , and The Old Pioneers Memorial Almanac in 1935 . He also served a period as minister of the Church of Christ at Carlton . Selby died at Parkville in 1956 .

neg: Scott Makar Scott Douglas Makar is an American lawyer , college professor and Judge on the Florida First District Court of Appeal . Previously he was the Florida Solicitor General serving from 2007 until 2012 and in that position , has argued five cases before the United States Supreme Court .

neg: United States v. Windsor United States v. Windsor , ( Docket No . ) , is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of `` marriage '' and `` spouse '' to apply only to opposite-sex unions , by Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) , is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment ; Justice Kennedy wrote : `` The federal statute is invalid , for no legitimate purpose overcomes the purpose and effect to disparage and to injure those whom the State , by its marriage laws , sought to protect in personhood and dignity . ''   Edith Windsor ( born 1929 ) and Thea Spyer ( October 8 , 1931 -- February 5 , 2009 ) , a same-sex couple residing in New York , were lawfully married in Toronto , Canada , in 2007 . Later in 2008 , New York recognized their marriage following a court decision . Spyer died at the age of 77 in 2009 , leaving her entire estate to Windsor . Windsor sought to claim the federal estate tax exemption for surviving spouses . She was barred from doing so by Section 3 of DOMA ( codified at ) , which provided that the term `` spouse '' only applied to marriages between a man and woman . The Internal Revenue Service found that the exemption did not apply to same-sex marriages , denied Windsor 's claim , and compelled her to pay $ 363,053 in estate taxes .   On November 9 , 2010 , Windsor sued the federal government in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York , seeking a refund because DOMA singled out legally married same-sex couples for `` differential treatment compared to other similarly situated couples without justification . '' On February 23 , 2011 , U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Department of Justice would not defend the constitutionality of Section 3 in Windsor . On April 18 , 2011 , Paul Clement , representing the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group ( BLAG ) , intervened to defend the law . On June 6 , 2012 , Judge Barbara S. Jones ruled that Section 3 of DOMA was unconstitutional under the due process guarantees of the Fifth Amendment and ordered the federal government to issue the tax refund , including interest . The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit , in a 2 -- 1 decision , affirmed the district court 's judgment on October 18 , 2012 .   BLAG petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decision , and the Court issued a writ of certiorari in December 2012 . On March 27 , 2013 , the court heard oral arguments . On June 26 , 2013 , the U.S. Supreme Court issued a 5 -- 4 decision declaring Section 3 of DOMA to be unconstitutional `` as a deprivation of the liberty of the person protected by the Fifth Amendment . ''   On the same day , the court also issued a separate 5 -- 4 decision in Hollingsworth v. Perry -- a case related to California 's constitutional amendment initiative barring same-sex marriage . The decision effectively allowed same-sex marriages in that state to resume after the court ruled that the proponents of the initiative lacked Article III standing to appeal in federal court based on its established interpretation of the case or controversy clause .

neg: Stephen Six Stephen N. Six ( born December 11 , 1965 ) is an American attorney and former judge from Kansas who served as Kansas ' 43rd Attorney General . He was nominated to serve as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit on March 9 , 2011 . He is currently a partner at the Kansas City , New York , and San Diego based law firm , Stueve Siegel Hanson LLP . His nomination was returned to the President on December 17 , 2011 , pursuant to the rules of the Senate .

neg: Sunshine in the Courtroom Act The Sunshine in the Courtroom Act is a bill to allow the broadcasting of U.S. District Court and U.S. Court of Appeals proceedings . The name of the bill is an apparent reference to Louis Brandeis ' remark that `` sunshine is the best disinfectant '' for ill-doings . The proposed act relates to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 53 , which states , `` Except as otherwise provided by a statute or these rules , the court must not permit the taking of photographs in the courtroom during judicial proceedings or the broadcasting of judicial proceedings from the courtroom . ''   The bill was introduced in 2005 , 2007 , 2008 , and 2009 . The 2009 bill was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee . The Senate version is S. 657 , and the House version is H.R. 3054 . In 2009 , the Judicial Council of the 9th Circuit expressed interest in televising certain proceedings .   In Congressional testimony , Ted Poe stated : When I was Assistant District Attorney , I spent my career trying criminal cases , and based on my experiences , I actually feel the cameras in the courtroom benefit a defendant . A public trial ensures fairness . That is the purpose of a public trial . It ensures professionalism by the lawyers and the judge , and a camera in the courtroom protects the defendant 's right to a public trial . Poe also opined that lawyers play to the jury , not to the camera , and that jurors stated they liked the camera inside the courtroom because they wanted the public to know what they heard `` instead of waiting to hear a 30-second sound bite from a newscaster who may or may not have the facts correct . '' Judge John R. Tunheim opposed the bill , stating that it could deny some defendants a fair trial ; e.g. a defendant corporation might forgo its right to a trial because it does not want its president to be cross-examined on television . He also expressed concern that televising trials could increase the incidence of threats against federal judges .

neg: Doug Wardlow Douglas G. `` Doug '' Wardlow ( born 1978 ) is a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives who represented District 38B , which includes portions of the city of Eagan in Dakota County , which is in the southeastern Twin Cities metropolitan area . A Republican , he is also a litigation attorney for the Minneapolis law firm of Parker Rosen , specializing in eminent domain , employment law and business law .   Wardlow was first elected to the House in 2010 . He served on the Civil Law , Judiciary Policy and Finance , and Taxes committees , and on the Taxes Subcommittee for the Property and Local Tax Division . He narrowly lost his bid for reelection in 2012 to Democrat Laurie Halverson , in the newly created District 51B .   Wardlow graduated from Eagan High School in Eagan , where he was co-valedictorian of his class . He attended Georgetown University in Washington , D.C. , studied Mandarin Chinese at Beijing University in Beijing , China , and graduated magna cum laude from Georgetown University with a B.A. in Political Theory with a double minor in Mandarin Chinese . He subsequently earned his J.D. from Georgetown cum laude . After earning his law degree , he clerked for Minnesota Supreme Court Associate Justice G. Barry Anderson . During law school , he also spent a summer clerking at the law firm of Lee and Li in Taipei , Taiwan . He also returned to Beijing University , completing English-language coursework on Chinese law .   Wardlow and his family have long been active in government and politics . While attending Georgetown University , he volunteered at the offices of U.S. Representative John Kline and former U.S. Representative Gil Gutknecht , and also worked as a volunteer legal research clerk for U.S. Senator Charles Grassley . His father , Lynn , also served as a Minnesota State Representative for the same district from 2003-2009 .

neg: California Code of Civil Procedure The California Code of Civil Procedure ( commonly abbreviated to Code Civ . Proc . in formal legal citations or just CCP in treatises and other less formal contexts ) was enacted by the California State Legislature in March 1872 as the general codification of the law of civil procedure in the U.S. state of California , along with the three other original California Codes . It contains most California statutes that govern the filing and litigation of lawsuits in the Superior Courts of California , as well as legal notices that must be given in a variety of circumstances . It also includes statutes of limitations that control the period of time during which a lawsuit must be commenced . It also contained some statutes governing the legal profession , but those were later relocated into the Business and Professions Code .   Originally , the CCP was the codification of the Practice Act of 1851 , as amended and revised . In turn , the Practice Act had been modeled after the New York Code of Civil Procedure of 1850 , which was largely drafted by the law reformer David Dudley Field II . Hence , California is considered to be a `` Field Code '' state .   The CCP also partially codified the law of evidence , but in 1965 , the evidentiary provisions were repealed and replaced by the new California Evidence Code , which unlike the CCP , was deliberately intended to displace and supersede the common law of evidence .   Like the 28 other California Codes , the CCP is frequently amended by the Legislature . Unlike most other states , California never followed the federal trend towards transferring authority over procedural law to the courts through statutes like the federal Rules Enabling Act . Instead , the California Rules of Court ( CRC ) cover only relatively minor matters such as the formatting of court papers and case management rules implementing the Trial Court Delay Reduction Act of 1986 .   Nearly all important procedural provisions ( i.e. , the ones that can make or break a case ) continue to exist in the form of CCP sections . As a result , whenever the Judicial Council of California identifies a major defect in California civil procedure , it can not fix it by promulgating a new court rule , but must instead lobby the Legislature and Governor to amend the CCP .   Today , the CCP is comprehensive only with regard to trial court procedure . As a result of a bill pushed through the Legislature at the suggestion of Chief Justice Phil S. Gibson in 1941 , appellate procedure in California is governed primarily by the CRC .   As a Field Code state , California continues to subscribe to the `` primary right '' or `` ultimate fact '' theory of pleading ( also known as `` fact pleading '' ) which has been traditionally followed by Field Code states . This means that California adheres to an arcane distinction between what constitutes pleading of a mere `` fact , '' versus an `` ultimate fact , '' versus a `` conclusion of law . '' Also , California is one of two states , along with Virginia , which uses the demurrer as the primary pre-answer attack on the complaint . Most states and the federal courts have switched to modern `` notice pleading '' and use the motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action instead of the demurrer .

neg: University of Louisville School of Law The University of Louisville Louis D. Brandeis School of Law , commonly referred to as The University of Louisville School of Law , U of L Brandeis School of Law , or the Brandeis School of Law , is the law school of the University of Louisville . Established in 1846 , it is the oldest law school in Kentucky and the fifth oldest in the country in continuous operation . The law school is named after Justice Louis Dembitz Brandeis , who served on the Supreme Court of the United States and was the school 's patron . Following the example of Brandeis , who eventually stopped accepting payment for `` public interest '' cases , Louis D. Brandeis School of Law was one of the first law schools in the nation to require students to complete public service before graduation .   The school offers six dual-degree programs that allow students to earn an MBA , MSW , MA in humanities , M.Div. , MA in political science , and MUP in urban planning while attaining their J.D. . These classes are offered in conjunction with other University of Louisville departments as well as local colleges .   The school 's law library contains 400,000 volumes as well as the papers of Louis D. Brandeis and John Marshall Harlan , both Supreme Court Justices and native Kentuckians . It is one of only thirteen Supreme Court repositories in the nation . The law school 's flagship law review is the University of Louisville Law Review .   According to University of Louisville 's 2013 ABA-required disclosures , 61.7 % of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time , long-term , JD-required employment nine months after graduation , excluding solo practitioners .

neg: Freedom suit Freedom suits were lawsuits in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States filed by enslaved people against slaveholders to assert claims to freedom , often based on descent from a free maternal ancestor , or time held as a resident in a free state or territory .   The right to petition for freedom descended from English common law and allowed people to challenge their enslavement or indenture . Petitioners challenged slavery both directly and indirectly , even if slaveholders generally viewed such petitions as a means to uphold rather than undermine slavery . Beginning with the colonies in North America , legislatures enacted slave laws that created a legal basis for `` just subjection ; '' these were adopted or updated by the state and territorial legislatures that superseded them after the United States gained independence . These codes also enabled enslaved persons to sue for freedom based on wrongful enslavement .   While some cases were tried during the colonial period , the majority of petitions for freedom were heard during the antebellum period in the border or the Southern United States . After the American Revolution , most northern states abolished slavery and were considered `` free . '' The United States Congress prohibited slavery in some newly established territories , and some new states were admitted to the union as free states . The rise in travel and migration of masters with slaves between free and slave states resulted in conditions that gave rise to slaves suing for freedom . Many free states had residency limits for masters who brought slaves into their territory ; after that time , the slave would be considered free . Some slaves sued for wrongful enslavement after being held in a free state .   Other grounds for suit were that the person was freeborn and illegally held in slavery , or that the person was illegally held because of being descended from a freeborn woman in the maternal line . The principle of partus sequitur ventrem , first incorporated into English colonial slavery law by a 1662 statute in Virginia , established that children 's status was that of the mother . It was adopted into law by other English colonies , and the states of the United States .   In Saint Louis , Missouri records of nearly 300 petition cases have been found that were filed between 1807 and 1860 , and in Washington , D.C. nearly 500 petition cases were filed in the same period . A large portion of cases , as much as one-third , either never went to trial or were settled out of court . In the early nineteenth century in St. Louis and in Washington , D.C. , nearly half of the attorneys at the bar may have acted as counsel for slave petitions . In Missouri , the courts assigned an attorney to the petitioner if it accepted a freedom suit for hearing ; some of the top attorneys in St. Louis defended slaves . After the 1830s , the number of petition cases gradually declined . But from 1800 to 1830 , most of the bar in these cities tried a petition case .   Before the end of the eighteenth century , some southern states began to make petitioning for freedom more difficult . Maryland , for example , in 1796 required that county courts serve as the court of original jurisdiction , rather than the General Court of the Western Shore , an appellate court . The county courts clearly would be more favorable to the interests and views of the local planters against whom these suits were often filed . The legislature also banned those with antislavery sympathies from serving on juries in freedom suits . Virginia passed a similar law on jury composition in 1798 .   But , for a few decades , courts in slave states such as Louisiana , Mississippi , and Missouri often respected the precedent of `` once free , always free '' established by free states . Until the late 1850s , they ruled that slaves who had been held in free states maintained their freedom even if brought back into slave states . Until the Civil War brought an end to slavery , thousands of freedom suits were tried in state courts across the country , with some slaves petitioning as high as the Supreme Court .

neg: David E. Kendall David Evan Kendall ( born 1944 ) is an American attorney , a graduate of Yale Law School and Oxford University , who clerked with Supreme Court Justice Byron White , worked as associate counsel at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund , and has been a partner at Williams & Connolly LLP of Washington , DC since 1981 , where he has provided legal counsel to individuals and corporations on high-profile business and political matters . He is well known for his roles in the Coker v. Georgia , Gilmore v. Utah , and other death penalty cases ; in the MGM et al. v. Grokster , et al. and Tasini et al v. AOL copyright and contract cases ; as well as for various First Amendment cases , including for The Washington Post . In addition , he is known for having advised President Bill Clinton during the Lewinsky scandal , and representing him during his impeachment trial . He served as defense attorney in the successful defense of retired General David Petraeus , and currently represents the former Secretary of State , Hillary Clinton , including in the matter of her use of a private email server while serving as U.S. Secretary of State .

neg: Jonathan M. Sewall Jonathan Mitchell Sewall ( 1748 -- 1808 ) was a lawyer and poet who achieved some notability , published as Jonathan M. Sewall .   He was born in Salem , Massachusetts , ( or according to other sources , York in 1749 ) and adopted by his uncle , chief Justice Stephen S. Sewell , studied law and in 1774 became register of probate in Grafton County , New Hampshire . His ode , War and Washington was celebrated and sung in the revolutionary war . A volume of his poems was published in 1801 . He died in Portsmouth , New Hampshire on March 29 , 1808 .   ` On the 29th of March , at Portsmouth , New Hampshire , Jonathan Mitchell Sewall , Esq. , counsellor at law , in the sixty-first year of his age .  The subject of this tribute to genius and eloquence was born in Salem , Massachusetts , A. D. 1748 . His parents died in the early part of his life ; and his excellent uncle , the honourable Stephen Sewall , at that time chief justice of the supreme court of Massachusetts , adopted and patronized the young orphan ; and from his invaluable counsels he imbibed that firmness of moral principle , honour , and integrity , for which he was so eminently distinguished ; and a love for the belles lettres and elegant literature , which afforded him the most rational , refined , and sublime pleasures . Mr. Sewall was apprenticed to mercantile business , but , some years before his time expired , he was attacked by a fever of the most malignant type , which reduced him so extremely low , that a voyage to a milder clime was recommended by his physicians , as the only means of recovering his health . He accordingly embarked for Spain ; but although this salubrious climate produced a favourable effect on his system in general , yet the violence of the fever , and the necessary use of extremely powerful medicines , rendered him the future subject of exquisite nervous affections , and at times a prey to the keenest sufferings , which deprived his friends of the pleasure of his company , and the delight his fascinating and instructive conversation afforded . These discouragements , however did not preclude his attention to the study of the law . Soon after his return from abroad , he commenced his legal studies with his kinsman , Jonathan Sewall , Esq. , an eminent lawyer in Boston ; and finally completed them with the late learned and worthy John Pickering , Esq. , of Portsmouth . By him he was introduced to the bar , where for many years , and till his declining health obliged him to retire , he was equally celebrated as a pleader of distinguished merit , and a gentleman of the strictest honour and integrity .   Elevated by ennobling and generous principles above the love of popular applause , he never courted office at the hands of the public ; but that venerable body who framed the constitution of the state persuaded him to accept the office of secretary ; and he discharged the duties of his station in such a manner as to merit and receive their entire approbation .   In one particular sphere , Mr. Sewall was destined to shine with unrivalled splendour . The humane , the fine sensibilities of his feeling bosom deplored the commission of crimes ; while pity and compassion at the same moment impelled him to plead the cause of the criminal . Of all the capital causes he advocated ( and they were numerous ) , he never lost one . Success always attended his generous and ardent efforts ; while the compensation that he usually received was the tear of gratitude , when a jury pronounced the poor client `` not guilty . '' The widow , the fatherless , and the stranger also found in his talents a never-failing resource ; for without even the hope of reward , he devoted his great abilities to their service .   As a patriot , Mr. Sewall was no less distinguished than as a lawyer . The love of his country was a living principle that glowed within his independent bosom : and while his impassioned eloquence might have roused the sons of America to worthiest deeds , his powers of melody and song have led the gallant soldier on to battle , and returned him from the field of victory triumphant in deathless verse . Attached to the illustrious Washington , from sentiments of veneration , respect , and love , the inhabitants of Portsmouth appointed Mr. Sewall to pronounce the funeral eulogy of the hero , the patriot , and the sage ; and this admirable performance may be ranked among the first classical productions of the day ; while the feeling , the pathos of the mournful orator melted the hoary veteran into tears , and impearled on the cheek of beauty the dew of sorrow .   But , above all , he that now rests in the silent tomb was a firm believer in the Christian religion , and bore honourable testimony in its cause . He delighted to explore the word of God , and his capacious and enlightened mind dwelt with rapture on the wisdom , the power , and the goodness of the Deity . His hopes of salvation firmly rested on the merits of his dear Redeemer . The divine truths of revelation cheered his soul in the season of adversity , and , under the pressure of bodily infirmity , enabled him to look forward , with joyful expectation , to another and better world . After a long retirement from the busy scenes of life , he was attacked by those afflicting nervous complaints which embittered so many of his days , with more than wonted violence , and after eighteen months ' patient and submissive suffering , he resigned his spirit without a groan or struggle .   May that Being who `` tempers the wind to the shorn lamb , '' mercifully adapt his consolations to the particular situation of each individual of the bereaved and sorrowing family .   Virtues like those of a Sewall will long embalm the memory of departed worth : and while genius without sensibility lives unbeloved , and science without philanthropy dies unregretted , the fatherless , the widow , and the poor , gather round his grave ; and even the prisoner , and the appointed for death , exclaim ,  There sleeps our warmest , truest friend . '

neg: Prosecutorial immunity Prosecutorial immunity is the absolute immunity that prosecutors in the United States have in initiating a prosecution and presenting the state 's case . `` Firming up what had long been held as common practice , the U.S. Supreme Court in 1976 ruled in Imbler v. Pachtman that prosecutors can not face civil lawsuits for prosecutorial abuses , no matter how severe . '' Prosecutors have qualified immunity in other activities such as advising police and speaking to the press .

neg: Heller v. New York Heller v. New York , was a United States Supreme Court decision which upheld that states could make laws limiting the distribution of obscene material , provided that these laws were consistent with the Miller test for obscene material established by the Supreme Court in Miller v. California , 413 U.S. 15 ( 1973 ) . Heller was initially convicted for showing a sexually explicit film in the movie theater which he owned , under New York Penal Law § 235.0 which stated that and individual `` is guilty of obscenity when , knowing its content and character , he 1 . Promotes , or possesses with intent to promote , any obscene material ; or 2 . Produces , presents or directs an obscene performance or participates in a portion thereof which is obscene or which contributes to its obscenity . ''   Heller appealed this ruling to the supreme court , claiming that his first amendment rights had been violated due to the broad nature of New York 's obscenity laws . The defendant also claimed that his 14th amendment rights had been violated due to the fact the film was seized prior to him receiving a hearing of any kind . The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Heller in a 5-4 decision , with the majority decision delivered by Justice Burger . The Court found the procedure by which the film was seized to be constitutional , but ruled in favor of Heller in order to afford New York a chance to bring their obscenity laws in line with the guidelines established by the Supreme Court in Miller v. California . The Dissenting opinions were written by Justice Douglas as well as Justice Brennan , the latter of which was joined by Justice Stewart and Justice Marshall . These dissenting opinions argued that the obscenity laws that Heller was convicted under were themselves unconstitutional and thus the seizure of the film was unconstitutional . This case was one of several cases that the Burger court ruled on concerning obscenity laws in the early 1970s .

neg: Kenneth S. Stern Kenneth S. Stern is an American defense attorney and an author . He is executive director of the Justus & Karin Rosenberg Foundation . From 1989 to 2014 he was director on antisemitism , hate studies and extremism for the American Jewish Committee . In 2000 , Stern was a special advisor to the defense in the David Irving v. Penguin Books and Deborah Lipstadt trial .

neg: Common law Common law ( also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law or case law ) is the body of law developed by judges , courts , and similar tribunals . The defining characteristic of `` common law '' is that it arises as precedent . In cases where the parties disagree on what the law is , a common law court looks to past precedential decisions of relevant courts , and synthesizes the principles of those past cases as applicable to the current facts . If a similar dispute has been resolved in the past , the court is usually bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision ( a principle known as stare decisis ) . If , however , the court finds that the current dispute is fundamentally distinct from all previous cases ( called a `` matter of first impression '' ) , and legislative statutes are either silent or ambiguous on the question , judges have the authority and duty to resolve the issue ( one party or the other has to win , and on disagreements of law , judges make that decision ) . The court states an opinion that gives reasons for the decision , and those reasons agglomerate with past decisions as precedent to bind future judges and litigants . Common law is a body of law made by judges , in contrast to and on equal footing with statutes which are adopted through the legislative process , and regulations which are promulgated by the executive branch ( the interactions are explained later in this article ) . Stare decisis , the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar results , lies at the heart of all common law systems .   A `` common law system '' is a legal system that gives great precedential weight to common law . Common law systems originated during the Middle Ages in England , and from there propagated to the colonies of the British Empire . Today , one third of the world 's population live in common law jurisdictions or in systems mixed with civil law .

neg: Lowenstein Sandler Lowenstein Sandler is an AmLaw 200 corporate law firm with offices in New York , Palo Alto , Washington , D.C. , and Roseland , NJ . In 2011 , the firm was ranked 168th largest in the United States in terms of attorney headcount by the National Law Journal , and 136th in profit per attorney by the AmLaw 200 survey ( June 2011 ) . It had 267 attorneys in December 2011 . Lowenstein Sandler represents public and private companies , financial institutions , investors , entrepreneurs , universities , and private clients in corporate , litigation and bankruptcy matters throughout the country . It also provides legal services in investment management , mergers and acquisitions , venture capital , intellectual property , technology , capital markets litigation , environmental law and litigation , insurance coverage , securities litigation , white collar criminal defense , real estate ( including zoning matters , ) trusts and estates , employment and employee benefits . The firm has been described as `` well connected '' politically and partners have been appointed to important positions in state government .

neg: False light False light is a legal term that refers to a tort concerning privacy that is similar to the tort of defamation . The privacy laws in the United States include a non-public person 's right to protection from publicity which puts the person in a false light to the public . That right is balanced against the First Amendment right of free speech .   False light differs from defamation primarily in being intended `` to protect the plaintiff 's mental or emotional well-being '' , rather than to protect a plaintiff 's reputation as is the case with the tort of defamation and in being about the impression created rather than being about veracity . If a publication of information is false , then a tort of defamation might have occurred . If that communication is not technically false but is still misleading , then a tort of false light might have occurred .  False light privacy claims often arise under the same facts as defamation cases , and therefore not all states recognize false light actions . There is a subtle difference in the way courts view the legal theories -- false light cases are about damage to a person 's personal feelings or dignity , whereas defamation is about damage to a person 's reputation .   The specific elements of the tort of false light vary considerably , even among those jurisdictions which do recognize this Tort . Generally , these elements consist of the following :  A publication by the Defendant about the Plaintiff ;  made with actual malice ( very similar to that type required by New York Times v. Sullivan in `` Defamation '' cases ) ;  which places the Plaintiff in a false light ; AND  that would be highly offensive ( i.e. , embarrassing to reasonable persons ) .   Some U.S. state courts have ruled that false light lawsuits brought under their states ' laws must be rewritten as defamation lawsuits ; these courts generally base their opinion on the premises that a ) any publication or statement giving rise to a false-light claim will also give rise to a defamation claim , such that the set of statements creating false light is necessarily , although not by definition , entirely within the set of statements constituting defamation ; and b ) the standard of what would be `` highly offensive '' or `` embarrassing '' to a reasonable person is much more difficult to apply than is the state 's standard for defamation , such that the potential penalties for violating the former standard would have an unconstitutional or otherwise unacceptable chilling effect on the media . However , `` most states do allow false light claims to be brought , even where a defamation claim would suffice . '' Roughly two-thirds of states do not recognize the false light claim . The states that do recognize it will not allow a plaintiff to maintain suit for both false light and defamation .

neg: Strike for cause Strike for cause ( also referred to as challenge for cause or removal for cause ) is a method of eliminating potential members from a jury panel in the United States .   During the jury selection process , after voir dire , opposing attorneys may request removal of any juror who does not appear capable of rendering a fair and impartial verdict , in either determining guilt or innocence and/or a suitable punishment . An example would be a potential juror in a murder case , where the sentencing options include the death penalty and a lesser sentence ( such as life without parole ) , who states that s/he `` would sentence a defendant to death if found guilty '' ; such a statement may indicate the person 's unwillingness to fairly consider a life without parole sentence .   Unlike a peremptory challenge ( the number of which are limited by the court during voir dire , and unless a Batson challenge is raised the challenge is automatically granted ) there is no limit to the number of strikes for cause that attorneys on either side of a case can be granted . However , also unlike a peremptory challenge , a strike for cause must state a specific reason ( in the example above , the reason would be the juror 's bias against a non-death penalty sentence ) and be granted by the trial judge ; often both attorneys and sometimes the judge will question the juror being challenged .   If one attorney moves to strike a juror for cause but the judge rejects the motion , the attorney may still use a peremptory challenge ( if s/he has any remaining ) to strike the juror , and on appeal may raise a claim that the motion should have been granted but , because it was not , the attorney had to either use a peremptory challenge or seat a biased juror .