query: Adolf Hitler was leader of Nazi Germany.

pos: Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler ( -LSB- ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ -RSB- ; 20 April 1889 -- 30 April 1945 ) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party ( Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ; NSDAP ) , Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 , and Führer ( `` Leader '' ) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 . As dictator of the German Reich , he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 , and was central to the Holocaust .   Hitler was born in Austria , then part of Austria-Hungary , and raised near Linz . He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I . He joined the German Workers ' Party ( DAP ) , the precursor of the NSDAP , in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921 . In 1923 he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power . The failed coup resulted in Hitler 's imprisonment , during which he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf ( `` My Struggle '' ) . After his release in 1924 , Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism , anti-semitism , and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda . Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy .   By 1933 , the Nazi Party was the largest elected party in the German Reichstag , which led to Hitler 's appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933 . Following fresh elections won by his coalition , the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act , which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany , a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism . Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France . His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression , the effective abandonment of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I , and the annexation of territories that were home to millions of ethnic Germans -- actions which gave him significant popular support .   Hitler sought Lebensraum ( `` living space '' ) for the German people in Eastern Europe . His aggressive foreign policy is considered to be the primary cause of the outbreak of World War II in Europe . He directed large-scale rearmament and on 1 September 1939 invaded Poland , resulting in British and French declarations of war on Germany . In June 1941 , Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union . By the end of 1941 German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe and North Africa . Failure to defeat the Soviets and the entry of the United States into the war forced Germany onto the defensive and it suffered a series of escalating defeats . In the final days of the war , during the Battle of Berlin in 1945 , Hitler married his long-time lover , Eva Braun . On 30 April 1945 , less than two days later , the two killed themselves to avoid capture by the Red Army , and their corpses were burned .   Under Hitler 's leadership and racially motivated ideology , the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of at least 5.5 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen ( `` sub-humans '' ) and socially undesirable . Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war . In addition , 29 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European Theatre of World War II . The number of civilians killed during the Second World War was unprecedented in warfare , and constitutes the deadliest conflict in human history .

neg: Vorbunker The Vorbunker ( upper bunker or forward bunker ) was an underground concrete structure originally intended to be a temporary air-raid shelter for Adolf Hitler and his guards and servants . It was located behind the large reception hall that was added onto the old Reich Chancellery , in Berlin , Germany , in 1936 . The bunker was officially called the `` Reich Chancellery Air-Raid Shelter '' until 1943 , when the complex was expanded with the addition of the Führerbunker , located one level below . On 16 January 1945 , Hitler moved into the Führerbunker . He was joined by his senior staff , including Martin Bormann . Later , Eva Braun and Joseph Goebbels moved into the Führerbunker while Magda Goebbels and their six children took residence in the upper Vorbunker . The Goebbels family lived in the Vorbunker until their deaths on 1 May 1945 .

neg: History of Austria The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states , from the early Stone Age to the present state . The name Ostarrîchi ( Austria ) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy ( later archduchy ) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ( Heiliges Römisches Reich 962 -- 1806 ) .   Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg ( Haus Österreich ) from 1273 to 1806 , when the Holy Roman Empire came to an end . Austria then became the Austrian Empire , a part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , which Austria lost and was subsequently excluded from German affairs . In 1867 Austria formed with Hungary as a dual monarchy the Austro-Hungarian Empire ( 1867 -- 1918 ) . When this empire collapsed after the end of World War I in 1918 , Austria was reduced to the main German speaking areas of the empire ( its current frontiers ) , and adopted the name The Republic of German-Austria , with hope of joining the new German Weimar Republic . However the union and name were forbidden by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles . This led to the creation of the First Austrian Republic ( 1918-1933 ) .   Following the First Republic , Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent from the German Reich . Engelbert Dollfuss accepted that Austrians were Germans but wanted Austria to remain independent from a Protestant Germany . In 1938 Austrian-born Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to the German Reich with the Anschluss , which was supported by a large majority of the Austrian people . After the Second World War Austria again became an independent republic as the Second Republic in 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995 .

neg: Frankfurt Documents thumb | right | 200px | Members of the Frankfurt conference  Frankfurt Documents were a series of documents which were an important step on the way to the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany .   On July 1 , 1948 the representatives of the Western allied occupation forces handed over a number of documents to the prime ministers and two ruling mayors from the western zones of occupation , in which the recommendations were made , including establishing a West German state . The main problem of these recommendations was that they did not provide all-German solution , but only a West German state . The Frankfurt documents formed a working basis for the work on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . They were created at the London 6-Power Conference in early 1948 .   The handover took place in the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main , and the documents took the name of this town . The military governors Lucius D. Clay ( United States ) , Marie-Pierre Koenig ( France ) and Sir Brian Robertson ( UK ) issued an order establishing a western German state . Present were Peter Altmeier ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) , Karl Arnold ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , Lawrence Bock ( Württemberg-Hohenzollern ) , Max Brauer ( Hamburg ) , Hans Ehard ( Bavaria ) , Wilhelm Kaisen ( Bremen ) , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf ( Lower Saxony ) , Hermann Lüdemann ( Schleswig-Holstein ) , Reinhold Maier ( Württemberg-Baden ) , Christian Stock ( Hessen ) and Leo Wohleb ( Baden ) .   A West German state was to be established under the following conditions :   There should be a constitutional convention ( German : Verfassunggebende Versammlung , literally , `` Constituent Assembly '' ) before September 1 , 1948 , to draft a constitution shaping a federal form of government , while maintaining the rights of people and the participating states .  This constitution should first be approved by the military governments , then a referendum in the countries to ratify the Constitution .  The respective simple majority in two thirds of eleven West German states should be sufficient for ratification . Constitutional amendments must be approved by the military governors .  The German foreign policy should continue to be controlled by the military governors in a minimum , as Ruhr questions , repairs , industrial and rights of the Allied forces .  The boundaries of each state should be reviewed and it should , if necessary , taking into account of traditional forms of new countries are created , none compared to the other should be too large or too small .   The Frankfurt Documents prompted the Prime Minister to hold Rittersturz Conference in Koblenz , on the resolutions that were passed .   Category : Political history of Germany  Category : Political conferences

neg: Extermination camp The German extermination camps or death camps and killing centers were designed and built by Nazi Germany during World War II ( 1939 -- 45 ) to systematically kill millions of Jews , Slavs , Communists , and others whom the Nazis considered `` Untermenschen '' , primarily by gassing , but also in mass executions and through extreme work under starvation conditions .   The idea of mass extermination with the use of stationary facilities built exclusively for that purpose was a result of earlier Nazi experimentation with the chemically manufactured poison gas during the secretive Action T4 euthanasia programme against Germans with mental and physical disabilities . The technology was adapted , expanded and applied in wartime to unsuspecting victims of many ethnic and national groups ; the Jews however were the primary targets accounting for over 90 percent of the extermination camp death toll . This genocide of the Jewish people of Europe was the Third Reich 's `` Final Solution to the Jewish question '' . It is now collectively known as the Holocaust .   Extermination camps were also set up by the fascist Ustaše regime of the Independent State of Croatia allied with Germany , carrying out genocidal policy between 1941 and 1945 against Serbs , Jews , Roma and its Croat and Muslim political opponents .

neg: Emanuel Hirsch Emanuel Hirsch ( June 14 , 1888 , Bentwisch , Province of Brandenburg - July 17 , 1972 , Göttingen ) was a German Protestant theologian and also a member of the Nazi Party and the Nazi supporting body . He escaped denazification at the end of the war by obtaining an early medical retirement and pension from his University .   Hirsch studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin where his teachers were Karl Holl and Adolf von Harnack . He earned his PhD with the thesis Fichte 's Philosophy of Religion in the context of his overall philosophical development ( in German : Fichtes Religionsphilosophie im Rahmen der philosophischen Gesamtentwicklung Fichtes ) . Hirsch was a member of the Wingolf student fraternity .   He was a professor at Göttingen University ( 1921-1945 ) . Shortly after the Nazi seizure of power he wrote :  `` No other people of the world has a statesman who is so serious about Christendom ; when Adolf Hitler concluded his great speech on May 1st with a prayer everybody could feel the wonderful candor therein . ''   In 1933 Hirsch signed the Loyalty Oath of German Professors to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist State .   Emanuel Hirsch joined the NSDAP in 1937 and also became a Patron Member of the SS and joined the National Socialist People 's Welfare . Hirsch was a leader of the German Christians and an advisor of Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller .

neg: Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism .   During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security .   A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed .   Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .

neg: Alfred Hugenberg Alfred Ernst Christian Alexander Hugenberg ( 19 June 1865 -- 12 March 1951 ) was an influential German businessman and politician . A leading figure in nationalist politics in Germany for the first few decades of the twentieth century , he became the country 's leading media proprietor during the inter-war period . As leader of the German National People 's Party he was instrumental in helping Adolf Hitler become Chancellor of Germany and served in his first cabinet in 1933 , hoping to control Hitler and use him as his `` tool . '' Those plans backfired , and by the end of 1933 Hugenberg had been pushed to the sidelines . Although Hugenberg continued to serve as a `` guest '' member of the Reichstag until 1945 , he wielded no political influence .

neg: Lebensraum The German concept of Lebensraum ( -LSB- ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm -RSB- , `` living space '' ) refers to policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s . First popularized around 1901 , Lebensraum became a geopolitical goal of Imperial Germany in World War I ( 1914 -- 1918 ) originally , as the core element of the Septemberprogramm of territorial expansion . The most extreme form of this ideology was supported by the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) and Nazi Germany until the end of World War II .   Following Adolf Hitler 's rise to power Lebensraum became an ideological principle of Nazism , and provided justification for the German territorial expansion into East-Central Europe . The Nazi Generalplan Ost policy ( the Master Plan for the East ) was based on its tenets . It stipulated that most of the indigenous populations of Eastern Europe would have to be removed permanently ( either through mass deportation to Siberia , death , or enslavement ) including Polish , Ukrainian , Russian , and other Slavic nations considered racially inferior and non-Aryan . The Nazi government aimed at repopulating these lands with Germanic colonists in the name of Lebensraum during World War II and thereafter . The entire populations were to be decimated by starvation , allowing for their own agricultural surplus to feed Germany .   Hitler 's strategic program for world domination was based on the belief in the power of Lebensraum , pursued by a racially superior society . People deemed to be part of inferior races , within the territory of Lebensraum expansion , were subjected to expulsion or destruction . The eugenics of Lebensraum assumed the right of the German Aryan master race ( Herrenvolk ) to remove indigenous people they considered to be of inferior racial stock ( Untermenschen ) in the name of their own living space . Nazi Germany also supported other ` Aryan ' nations ' pursuing their own Lebensraum , including Fascist Italy 's Spazio vitale .

neg: Georg Escherich Georg Escherich ( born 4 January 1870 in Schwandorf - died 26 August 1941 in Munich ) was a German politician , representative of the Bavarian People 's Party . By profession he was a forester .   In 1919 he became head of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehren , anti-communist home guard groups set up by General Ludwig Maercker . The following year Escherich organised his supporters into the ` Orgesch ' ( from ` Organisation Escherich ) , an anti-Semitic paramilitary group . This new group quickly established links with the Heimwehr in Austria and gave weapons to the units commanded by Richard Steidle and Walter Pfrimer . Escherich was a close ally of Rudolf Kanzler , the leader of ` Orka ' , who was also close to the Heimwehr .   The Orgesch was disarmed and disbanded on the orders of the Allies in 1921 as part of wider moves against the private armies that had sprouted up in Germany since the armistice . He returned in 1928 by founding a Bavarian Heimatschutz , a name also used by the Styrian Heimwehr of his ally Pfrimer , although this group was less significant due to the growth on the right of militia such as the Sturmabteilung and the Stahlhelm , Bund der Frontsoldaten , and was disbanded in 1933 when Adolf Hitler took power .

neg: Gerd von Rundstedt Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt ( 12 December 1875 -- 24 February 1953 ) was a Field Marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II .   Born into a Prussian family with a long military tradition , Rundstedt entered the Prussian Army in 1892 . During World War I , he served mainly as a staff officer . In the inter-war years , he continued his military career , reaching the rank of Colonel General ( Generaloberst ) before retiring in 1938 .   He was recalled at the beginning of World War II as commander of Army Group South in the invasion of Poland . He commanded Army Group A during the Battle of France , and was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1940 . In the invasion of the Soviet Union , he commanded Army Group South , responsible for the largest encirclement in history , the Battle of Kiev , as well as the largest mass killing of the Holocaust to that date , at Babi Yar . He was relieved of command in December 1941 , but was recalled in 1942 and appointed Commander-in-Chief in the West .   He was dismissed after the German defeat in Normandy in July 1944 , but was again recalled as Commander-in-Chief in the West in September , holding this post until his final dismissal by Adolf Hitler in March 1945 . Rundstedt was aware of the various plots to depose Hitler , but refused to support them . After the war , he was charged with war crimes , but did not face trial due to his age and poor health . He was released in 1949 , and died in 1953 .

neg: Golden Party Badge __ NOTOC __  The Golden Party Badge ( Goldenes Parteiabzeichen , officially the Goldenes Ehrenzeichen der NSDAP ; Golden Medal of the National Socialist German Workers ' Party ) was a special badge of the Nazi Party . The first 100,000 members who had joined and had uninterrupted service in the Party were eligible for the badge ( these were denoted by the party members ' number stamped on the reverse ) . Other Golden Party Badges ( with the initials ` A.H. ' stamped on the reverse ) were awarded at the discretion of Adolf Hitler to certain members of the party who merited special treatment . An identical badge was awarded each year on 30 January to persons who had shown outstanding service to the Nazi Party or State . Only 20,487 men and 1,795 women were actually approved for and awarded the badge ( outside of the ones Hitler awarded at his discretion ) .   The Golden Party Badge was the basic Nazi Party Badge with the addition of a gold wreath completely encircling the badge . The badge was awarded in two sizes : 30.5 mm for wearing on uniforms and 24 mm for other use . Adolf Hitler 's own Golden Party Badge had the number ' 1 ' . He awarded it to Magda Goebbels in late April 1945 and proclaimed her as the `` First Mother of the Reich '' . The ' 1 ' badge was stolen from a display in Russia in 2005 . The guards thought that a cat had set off the alarms and this allowed the burglar to escape .

neg: Free Society of Teutonia The Free Society of Teutonia was one of the earliest National Socialist organizations to appear in America . It was a German American organization that was associated with a strong support for Nazism .   The Society was formed in 1924 by four German immigrants , including Nazi Party members Fritz and Peter Gissibl and their brother Andrew . The organization was originally led by German immigrant and non-citizen Fritz Gissibl , who made his headquarters in Chicago and from there it set about recruiting ethnic Germans who supported German nationalist aims .  The Teutonia Society initially functioned as a club , but soon raised a group of militants based on the SA and , with membership increasing , became vocal critics of Jews , communism and the Treaty of Versailles . Alongside this however it retained a social function , with Teutonia Society meetings frequently ending up in heavy beer drinking sessions .   The group changed its name to the Nationalistic Society of Teutonia in 1926 , at which point Peter Gissibil was advising members to also seek Nazi Party membership . The group gained a strong , if fairly small following , and was able to establish units in Milwaukee , St. Louis , Missouri , Detroit , New York City , Cincinnati and Newark , New Jersey The group 's treasurer was Fritz Gissibil , who was also the main Nazi Party representative in the United States and who regularly collected money for the Nazis through the Society . A `` thank you '' letter from Adolf Hitler to the Society would cause a stir during the Second World War when the Gissibil brothers were brought to trial following an FBI investigation .   The group accepted Hitler as its titular leader and members adopted the Nazi salute , the Society changed its name again in October 1932 to become the Friends of the Hitler Movement .   Under orders of German immigrant and German Nazi Party member Heinz Spanknöbel , the Society was dissolved in March 1933 . In May 1933 , Nazi Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess gave Heinz Spanknöbel authority to form an American Nazi organization . Shortly thereafter , with help from the German consul in New York City , Spanknöbel created the Friends of New Germany by merging two older organizations in the United States , Gau-USA and the Free Society of Teutonia , which were both small groups with only a few hundred members each . The Friends of New Germany in turn formed the basis of the German American Bund in 1936 , the latter name being chosen to emphasise the group 's American credentials after press criticism that the Society was unpatriotic .   One of the leaders of the Teutonia Society was Walter Kappe . Kappe ( b. 1904 ) arrived in the United States in 1925 and worked in a farm implement factory in Kankakee , Illinois . Later he moved to Chicago and began to write for German language newspapers . Kappe was fluent in English and later became the press secretary for the German American Bund . He founded their paper Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter and its predecessor Deutsche Zeitung . In 1936 , when the German American Bund was established , Kappe organized the AV Publishing Company and five other Bund corporations . Fritz Kuhn ousted Kappe from his position in the Bund seeing him as a dangerous rival . In 1937 , Kappe returned to Germany , where he was attached to Abwehr II ( the sabotage branch of German intelligence ) where he obtained a Naval commission with the rank of lieutenant . He was designated by Adolf Hitler to launch a sabotage operation against America shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor . Known as Operation Pastorius , Kappe recruited men for the mission by reviewing records from the Ausland Institute ( German Foreign Institute ) of those who were paid to return to Germany from America . He established a sabotage school on the outskirts of Berlin to train the new recruits . Once the sabotage network was established and transferred to America , Kappe planned to slip into the US with a new identity and direct operations . On June 13 , 1942 , Richard Quirin , George John Dasch , Heinrich Harm Heinck and Ernst Peter Burger landed on a beach near Amagansett , Long Island , New York on a U-boat . A similar group landed on Ponte Vedra Beach , near Jacksonville , Florida on June 17 , 1942 .

neg: Ideology of the SS The ideology espoused by the Schutzstaffel ( `` Protection Squadron '' ; SS ) , a paramilitary force and instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany , emphasized a racist vision of `` racial purity '' , antisemitism , and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany .   SS men were indoctrinated with the belief they were members of a `` master race '' . The ideology of the SS was , even more so than in Nazism in general , built on the belief in a superior `` Aryan race '' . This led to the SS playing the main role in political violence and crimes against humanity , including the Holocaust and `` mercy killing '' of those with congenital illnesses . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , the SS and Nazi Party were found to be criminal organizations at the Nuremberg Trials .

neg: Hans Refior Hans Refior was an officer in the German Army during World War II . Refior was on the staff of the last two German commanders of the `` Berlin Defense Area '' during the final assault by Soviet forces on the city of Berlin .   On 18 March 1945 , Colonel Refior became the Chief of Staff for Lieutenant General ( Generalleutnant ) Helmuth Reymann during the Battle for Berlin . Reymann was named the commander of the Berlin Defense Area on 6 March . From the beginning , it was clear to Refior that Reymann 's predecessor , General Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild , had left them nothing .   By early April , Refior and Reymann confirmed to themselves that Berlin had no chance of holding out with the forces at their disposal . They recommended to Joseph Goebbels , the Minister of Propaganda , that civilians be allowed to leave . Refior and Reyman indicated that this was especially important for the women and children . Goebbels ' feeble response made it clear to Refior and Reymann that he had never considered nor had he any idea of the logistics required for such a mass evacuation .   To determine how many soldiers and weapons could be counted on , Refior and Reymann attempted to make an accounting of what was available to them in the `` Berlin Defense Area '' . They soon discovered that the title `` Berlin Defense Area '' carried no significance . `` Berlin Defense Area '' was just another phrase , like `` Fortress '' ( Festung ) , coined by German dictator Adolf Hitler . Attempts by Refior to coordinate the defences with the field commanders of the surrounding areas of Berlin were not successful .   On 23 April , Hitler replaced Reymann with General der Artillerie Helmuth Weidling as the commander of the Berlin Defense Area . Weidling kept Refior and made him his `` civil '' Chief-of-Staff .   Early on the morning of 26 April , Refior was awoken from a brief sleep in Weidling 's headquarters , the Bendlerblock . What woke him was a rapid sequence of ranging artillery shells ( what the Soviets called `` framing '' ) . Refior noted that these were `` old frontline hares '' . He knew from experience that these were the `` greeting '' before a salvo of katyusha rockets .   Weidling remained in command of Berlin 's defences to the end . On 2 May General Weidling , Theodor von Dufving , Weidling 's `` military '' Chief-of-Staff , and other members of Weidling 's staff which included Refior , ultimately surrendered the city to Soviet General Vasily Chuikov .

neg: 6th SS-Standarte The 6th SS-Standarte was a regimental command of the Allgemeine-SS situated in the city of Berlin . As the command was located in the capital of Germany , the 6th Standarte was considered one of the more important SS units in Nazi Germany . The members of the Standarte themselves , however , were non-paid mustering troops of the `` General-SS '' as was the practice for most Allgemeine-SS regiments .   The Standarte was first formed in October 1931 and was part of the so-called `` Northern SS '' under the control of Kurt Daluege . At the time , there was a divisional disunity in the SS , with SS units in southern Germany controlled by Heinrich Himmler and the northern units answering to Daluege . It was not until 1934 , after most of the SS headquarters offices had relocated to Berlin , that this division was eventually done away with .   During Reichstag elections of 1931 , the 6th SS Standarte played a significant role in campaigning for the Nazi Party and repeated the effort again when Adolf Hitler ran for the office of President of Germany in 1932 . One early member of the Standarte , who would later become the Reichsführer-SS was Karl Hanke .   After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 , the 6th SS-Standarte adopted the honor title of `` Charlottenburg '' and often participated in several major Nazi Party rallies held in the German capitol . A year later , during the Night of the Long Knives , the Standarte played a major role in rounding up the Sturmabteilung leadership in Berlin , although most SA executions were carried out by SD troops and Gestapo agents .   One of the most notorious actions that the 6th SS-Standarte engaged in was `` Kristallnacht '' where Berlin SS men sought out and destroyed numerous Jewish synagogues and businesses . Shortly afterwards , the Standarte was granted a second honor title as `` 6 SS-Standarte Eduard Felsen '' .   When World War II began in 1939 , the Berlin SS regiment slowly began losing its members to regular military service , since mustering Allgemeine-SS personnel were not exempt from conscription . The Standarte was still participating in ceremonial functions as late as 1944 , however , and in the last year of the war many of the remaining members became involved with the Volksturm and participated in the Battle of Berlin .

neg: Manifesto of Race The Manifesto of Race ( Manifesto della razza ) , sometimes known as the Charter of Race or Racial Manifesto , was a manifesto published on 14 July 1938 which prepared the enactment , in October 1938 , of the Racial Laws in Fascist Italy . The antisemitic laws stripped the Jews of Italian citizenship and governmental and professional positions . The manifesto demonstrated the enormous influence Adolf Hitler had over Benito Mussolini since Italy had become allied with Nazi Germany .

neg: German–Soviet Axis talks In October and November 1940 , German -- Soviet Axis talks occurred concerning the Soviet Union 's potential entry as a fourth Axis Power in World War II . The negotiations , which occurred during the era of the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact and the German-Soviet Commercial Agreement , included a two-day Berlin conference between Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov , Adolf Hitler and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop , followed by both countries trading written proposed agreements . After two days of negotiations from 12 to 14 November 1940 , Germany presented the Soviets with a draft written Axis pact agreement defining the world spheres of influence of the four proposed Axis powers ( Japan , Germany , Soviet Union , Italy ) . Hitler , Ribbentrop and Molotov tried to set German and Soviet spheres of influence ; Hitler encouraged Molotov to look south to Iran and eventually India while preserving German access to Finland 's resources , and to remove Soviet influence in the Balkans . Molotov remained firm , seeking to remove German troops from Finland and gain a warm water port in the Balkans . Soviet foreign policy calculations were predicated by the idea that the war would be a long - term struggle and therefore German claims that Britain would be defeated swiftly were treated with scepticism . In addition Stalin sought to remain influential in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia . These factors resulted in Molotov taking a firm line . According to a Columbia University academical source , on 25 November 1940 , the Soviets presented a Stalin-drafted written counterproposal where they would accept the four power pact , but it included Soviet rights to Bulgaria and a world sphere of influence centered on the area around modern Iraq and Iran . Germany did not respond , leaving the negotiations unresolved . Regarding the counterproposal , Hitler remarked to his top military chiefs that Stalin `` demands more and more '' , `` he 's a cold-blooded blackmailer '' and that `` a German victory has become unbearable for Russia '' so that `` she must be brought to her knees as soon as possible . '' Germany ended the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in June 1941 by invading the Soviet Union .

neg: President of Germany The President of Germany , officially the President of the Federal Republic of Germany ( Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ) , is the head of state of Germany .   Germany has a parliamentary system of government in which the Chancellor is the nation 's leading political figure and de facto chief executive . However , the President has a role which , while not an executive post , is more than ceremonial . Presidents have extensive discretion regarding the way they exercise their official duties . The President gives direction to general political and societal debates and has some important `` reserve powers '' in case of political instability ( such as those provided for by Article 81 of the Basic Law ) .  Under Article 59 ( 1 ) of the Basic Law ( German Constitution ) , the President represents the Federal Republic of Germany in matters of international law , concludes treaties with foreign states on its behalf and accredits diplomats . Furthermore , all federal laws must be signed by the President before they can come into effect , but usually he or she only vetoes a law that he/she believes to violate the constitution .   The President , by his or her actions and public appearances , represents the state itself , its existence , its legitimacy , and unity . The President 's office involves an integrative role and the control function of upholding the law and the constitution . It is a matter of political tradition -- not legal restrictions -- that the President generally does not comment routinely on issues in the news , particularly when there is some controversy among the political parties . This distance from day-to-day politics and daily governmental issues allows the President to be a source of clarification , to influence public debate , to voice criticism , offer suggestions and make proposals . In order to exercise this power , he/she traditionally acts above party politics .   The 12th and current officeholder is Frank-Walter Steinmeier who was elected on 12 February 2017 and started his first five-year-term on 19 March 2017 .

neg: Netherlands in World War II The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 . The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939 , just as it had in World War I , but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London .   Following the defeat , the Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a small minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps , with the cooperation of much of the Dutch police and civil service .   Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants amongst local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . Nonetheless , and also due to the well organized population registers comparing to other countries , about 70 % of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict ; a much higher percentage than comparable countries , like Belgium and France . However , the city of Amsterdam organized the only industrial action in protest to the persecution of their Jewish fellow citizens ever in all of the Nazi occupied areas .   Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944 . The rest , especially the west and north of the country still under occupation , suffered from a famine at the end of 1944 , known as the `` Hunger Winter '' . On 5 May 1945 , the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all German forces .

neg: Adolf Hitler's directives Adolf Hitler made many hundreds of directives , orders and decrees while Führer of Nazi Germany , many of them related to military policy , and the treatment of civilians in occupied countries . Many of them are direct evidence of the commission of war crimes such as the notorious Commando Order . Other orders provide evidence of crimes against humanity , such as the Hitler order establishing forced euthanasia of disabled people in 1939 under Action T4 , and the Nacht und Nebel order for eliminating civilian resisters in occupied countries .


query: There is a writer for Doctor Who.

pos: Doctor Who (series 10) The tenth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 15 April 2017 and is set to consist of twelve episodes , after it was released in July 2015 that BBC Worldwide had invested in a tenth series of the programme in its annual review . The series is led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . It is the third and final series overseen by the two as executive producers , as well as Moffat 's sixth and final series as head writer . This series is the tenth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-sixth season overall .   Preceded by a Christmas special in December 2016 , `` The Return of Doctor Mysterio '' , the series is the third and final series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an incarnation of the Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which appears to be a British police box on the outside ; Capaldi announced in January 2017 that he would be stepping down from the role after the tenth series . The series introduces Pearl Mackie as Bill Potts , the Doctor 's newest travelling companion , and also features Matt Lucas as Nardole , who appeared in the 2015 and 2016 Christmas specials .   Steven Moffat wrote four episodes for the series . Other returning writers who have worked on this series and previous ones include Frank Cottrell-Boyce , Sarah Dollard , Jamie Mathieson , Peter Harness , Toby Whithouse and Mark Gatiss , as well as two new writers for the revived era of the programme , Mike Bartlett and Rona Munro , the latter of whom wrote Survival , the final serial of the original classic era . Directors of the series included three who have previously worked on the show , and three brand new ones . Filming began on 20 June 2016 and lasted just over nine months , ending on 7 April 2017 .

neg: Andrew Marshall (screenwriter) Andrew Marshall ( b. Lowestoft 27 August 1954 ) is a British comedy screenwriter , most noted for the domestic sitcom 2point4 children . He was also the inspiration for Marvin the Paranoid Android in The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy . Although he had also previously adapted stories for Agatha Christie 's Poirot , in 2002 he made a further move into writing `` straight '' drama , with the fantasy horror series Strange . He has also written several screenplays .

neg: The Name of the Doctor `` The Name of the Doctor '' is the thirteenth and final episode of the seventh series of the British science-fiction drama Doctor Who and was broadcast on . It was written by Steven Moffat and directed by Saul Metzstein .   The episode stars Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor and Jenna-Louise Coleman as Clara Oswald . It also features the return of Alex Kingston as River Song , Neve McIntosh as Madame Vastra , Dan Starkey as Commander Strax , Catrin Stewart as Jenny and Richard E. Grant as the Great Intelligence . The episode also features new monsters called the Whisper Men .

neg: Doctor Who Magazine Doctor Who Magazine ( abbreviated as DWM ) is a magazine devoted to the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Its current editor is Tom Spilsbury , who has been with the magazine since 2003 . It is currently recognised by Guinness World Records as the longest running TV tie-in magazine .

neg: Day One (Torchwood) `` Day One '' is the second episode of the first series of the British science fiction television series Torchwood . Directed by Brian Kelly , the episode was first broadcast on the digital channel BBC Three on 22 October 2006 with the series pilot , `` Everything Changes '' , and later repeated on terrestrial channel BBC Two on 25 October . It was the first work in the Doctor Who universe to be written by future Doctor Who showrunner Chris Chibnall .   The episode centres on Gwen Cooper ( Eve Myles ) working her first case with Torchwood Three in Cardiff . A purple alien gas is loose in the city and takes Carys Fletcher ( Sara Gregory ) host ; the gas kills its victims by orgasm , leaving behind a pile of dust . Over the course of the episode , the team hunt for Carys before the gas kills her . In the end they track her down to a fertility clinic ; the gas leaves Carys to take Gwen host , but is stopped by a portable prison cell and dies out .   Originally entitled `` New Girl '' , the episode was written to interpret Gwen 's `` first day in hell '' . On the sex gas , series creator Russell T Davies stated `` when we 're launching a new adult science fiction drama , it 's kind of inevitable you 're going to do the sex monster '' . The episode was filmed during a three - to four-week period in May 2006 , with much of it filmed before the first episode in the same production block . `` Day One '' was originally seen by 2.3 million viewers , making it one of the highest-rated BBC Three broadcasts of all time , but was met with generally mixed reviews .

neg: Tom MacRae Tom MacRae ( born 1980 ) is an English television writer . He is the creator of Comedy Central 's Threesome . He has also written for Marple and Lewis for ITV , and Casualty and Bonekickers for the BBC .   He wrote the two-part story `` Rise of the Cybermen '' and `` The Age of Steel '' for the 2006 series of Doctor Who . Issue 383 of Doctor Who Magazine reported that MacRae had been commissioned to write the episode `` Century House '' for Series 4 , broadcast in 2008 ; however , this episode was cancelled after Russell T Davies decided that it was too close in tone to another episode . More recently , MacRae wrote `` The Girl Who Waited '' for the 2011 series of Doctor Who .   MacRae wrote a picture book for children called The Opposite which has gone into paperback and been published in several languages . His second book for children , Baby Pie also received a paperback edition .   His writing for television includes ; BBC One 's Mayo starring Alistair McGowan , `` At Bertrams Hotel '' for Marple and `` Life Born of Fire '' for Lewis ( both for ITV1 ) , The Lines of War for the BBC series Bonekickers and an episode of Casualty . He was nominated for a BAFTA in 2002 for Off Limits : School 's Out for Channel 4 .   MacRae grew up in Weedon Bec , Northamptonshire and attended Campion School , Bugbrooke .   In 2011 , he created and wrote Threesome , Comedy Central UK 's first original scripted comedy since the channel was renamed in 2009 . It starred Stephen Wight and Amy Huberman as a young couple and Emun Elliott as their gay best friend . A second series has aired .   He wrote the book and lyrics to new musical Everybody 's Talking About Jamie , which premiered in Sheffield in February 2017 .

neg: The Trial of a Time Lord The Trial of a Time Lord is a 14-part science fiction serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The serial , produced as the show 's twenty-third season , aired in weekly episodes from 6 September to 6 December 1986 . The only Doctor Who presentation of its kind , it contains four adventures : The Mysterious Planet , Mindwarp , Terror of the Vervoids , and The Ultimate Foe -- Colin Baker 's final story .   The idea for the serial stemmed from several production changes to Doctor Who , such as reduced screen time for the season and a request from BBC controller Michael Grade that the series contain less violence and more humour . Several problems occurred during production , including the death of scriptwriter Robert Holmes , and the resignation of script editor Eric Saward . This was the last serial to star Colin Baker because he was dismissed from the role when it ended .

neg: Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road .   Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference .   He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman .   Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release .   His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works .   He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) .   His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC .   Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation .   His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .

neg: Shayde Shayde is a fictional character who appeared in the Doctor Who Magazine comic strip based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .   Shayde is an artificial being , a construct of the Gallifreyan Matrix -- the massive computer network that serves as the repository of all Time Lord knowledge . He was created by the minds of the dead Time Lords that reside within the Matrix , and was a servant of Rassilon . He first appeared in the story The Tides of Time , published in DWM # 61 - # 67 , written by Steve Parkhouse and drawn by Dave Gibbons . In that story , he aided the Fifth Doctor in defeating the otherdimensional demon Melanicus , at first covertly but then , as the Time Lords increased his power levels , he was able to manifest himself and help the Doctor directly .   Among Shayde 's powers are the abilities to travel through space and time unaided , fire deadly self-generated `` psychic bullets '' and be invisible to security systems . He can also phase through solid objects and track people through time and space given enough data .   Shayde next appeared when the TARDIS was possessed by an Elemental being . Having no instructions from the Time Lords , Shayde was allowed to act on his own and helped the Doctor expel the entity from the TARDIS . When the Doctor was placed on trial by the Time Lords for allowing the possession to take place and possibly placing Gallifrey in danger , Shayde surreptitiously erased the evidence , leading to the Doctor 's acquittal ( The Stockbridge Horror , DWM # 70 - # 75 ) .   It was nearly fifteen years before Shayde reappeared in the comic strip . At that time , the Doctor was in his Eighth incarnation and was dying due to the events of the previous adventure ( Tooth and Claw , DWM # 257 - # 260 ) . His companions at the time , Izzy and Fey had taken him back to Gallifrey where he was cured and his mind placed within the Matrix to recover . While within the Matrix , an attempt was made on the Doctor 's life by a secret Time Lord sect known as the Elysians , and Shayde stopped them . The assassination attempt was part of a plot by Overseer Luther , an insane Time Lord who wanted to rewrite Gallifrey 's history and set himself up as a god . The Doctor managed to thwart Luther by short-circuiting his watchtower ( a gigantic TARDIS ) , but apparently at the cost of his eighth body . As Izzy and Fey watched , the Doctor regenerated into a new incarnation . ( The Final Chapter , DWM # 262 - # 265 ) .   However , this was a ruse . The Doctor had realised that Fey was under external control when she had managed to pilot the TARDIS even though the TARDIS manual was in Gallifreyan script , which she did not understand . Just before the Doctor prepared to sacrifice himself , Shayde offered to take his place and fake a regeneration . This way , the group that was controlling Fey -- the Threshold , a mercenary organisation that the Doctor had tangled with before -- would seize the opportunity to bring a newly regenerated and thus weaker Doctor to them . Both disguised with personal chameleon circuits , Shayde would hold their attention while the Doctor sabotaged the Threshold 's operations .   In a Wild West town on an alien moon run by the Threshold , the Doctor 's plans came to fruition . When Shayde and the Doctor revealed themselves to the Threshold , Shayde had to contend with the Pariah , an immensely powerful being who was his predecessor . The Pariah was another construct of Rassilon , but he had tried to destroy her when she developed free will and rebelled . Now , the Pariah wanted to take revenge , not just on Gallifrey but the whole universe . Shayde was unable to defeat the Pariah on his own , and she crushed his skull . However , Fey merged with the dying Shayde and together they were able to kill the Pariah and eliminate the Threshold . The shared being , dubbed `` Feyde '' by the Doctor , although both of them retained their own consciousness , decided to leave and deal with what had just happened to them ( Wormwood , DWM # 266 - # 271 ) .   Fey returned to her own time period , the 1940s , where , as an agent of the British government , she spent two years fighting the Nazis and being frustrated that Shayde would not allow her to use their powers to kill Adolf Hitler , as this would change history . In 1941 , she received a sub-ether summons from the Doctor -- Izzy had been kidnapped , and the Doctor needed Shayde 's abilities to track her whereabouts . Together , they succeeded in recovering Izzy , and `` Feyde '' returned to World War II .   Shayde is one of the few characters from the comic strip that has made the cross-over into the other spin-off media . In a special Big Finish Productions audio play given away with DWM # 326 titled No Place Like Home , Shayde helped the Fifth Doctor against another force -- a mutated Gallifreyan mouse called a rovie -- that had infiltrated the TARDIS and was trying to kill the Doctor and his companions . The character of Shayde was voiced by Mark Donovan .   Category : Comics characters introduced in 1982  Category : Doctor Who comic strip characters  Category : Doctor Who audio characters

neg: Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need .   The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture .   Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .

neg: The Impossible Planet `` The Impossible Planet '' is the eighth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , first broadcast on 3 June 2006 . It is the first part of a two-part story , followed by `` The Satan Pit '' . The TARDIS lands in a base on a planet orbiting a black hole , an allegedly impossible situation that stumps even the Doctor . The base crew are drilling towards a mysterious subterranean power source , to claim the power that keeps the planet in orbit for the good of the Human Empire . However , an ancient evil is down there too , and it is awakened .

neg: John Wyndham John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris ( -LSB- ˈwɪndəm -RSB- 10 July 1903 -- 11 March 1969 ) was an English science fiction writer best known for his works written using the pen name John Wyndham , although he also used other combinations of his names , such as John Beynon and Lucas Parkes . Many of his works were set in post-apocalyptic landscapes . His best known works include The Day of the Triffids ( 1951 ) and The Midwich Cuckoos ( 1957 ) , the latter filmed twice as Village of the Damned .

neg: Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall .   This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series .   Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .

neg: Chris Cwej Christopher Rodonanté Cwej , usually just known as Chris Cwej , is a fictional character from the Virgin New Adventures range of spin-offs based on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who . His surname should technically be pronounced `` Shvay '' , but he pronounces it `` Kwedge '' rather than keep correcting people .   His first appearance was in the novel Original Sin by Andy Lane , with his adjudicator partner Roz Forrester . Adjudicators are the police force of 30th century Earth , which was at that time divided into the Overcity and the Undercity . Chris was born in 2954 to a family who lived in the lower levels of the Overcity . Chris 's father , Volsted Kornbluth Cwej , was also an adjudicator . Chris 's father was fairly old when Chris was born , having retired from the Adjudicators the previous year , 2953 , after 48 years of service , and he is well over 70 years old when the young Chris meets the Doctor .   Chris 's grandfather died when Chris was only five , and Chris cried when he saw his grandfather being put into a coffin . A more distant ancestor , possibly a great grandfather was Nathaniel Cwej . Even further back , there was a Cwej involved with the founding of the Adjudicators , and the family have had a long association with the Adjudicators ever since . Chris 's accent sounds American , although his home would once have been considered a part of England , and his surname may have a Germanic/Saxon derivation .   Chris is tall , blonde and muscular , and when he first met the Seventh Doctor and Bernice , he had had a `` body bepple '' ( bodily alteration ) which made him look like a teddy bear .   He and Roz were investigating a murder case in Undercity in the year 2975 when they encountered the Doctor and Bernice . They helped the Doctor defeat his old enemy Tobias Vaughn , who had been manipulating human advancement since the 20th century . Having realise the extent of corruption in the Earth Empire and the Adjudicators , Chris and Roz chose to leave in the TARDIS .   Chris and Roz travelled with the Doctor for many adventures . In this eventful period , Chris fathered two daughters : Jasmine Surprise Cwej-Hutchings with Ishtar Hutchings , and iKrissi with Dep of the People . After Roz 's death in battle , Chris continued to travel with the Doctor for a short time , but the event had a profound effect on him . During the events of Eternity Weeps , the Doctor 's former companion Liz Shaw contracted a deadly virus and begged Chris to kill her , however he was unable to do it . This and the subsequent death of millions of people from the virus caused Chris to question himself and first consider quitting the TARDIS . It took the apparent death of the Doctor in Japan to make him put aside his doubts and help protect the people of the local village from the local warlord , who wanted an alien device in their possession . The Doctor and Chris then travelled to the Doctor 's home planet of Gallifrey , where the Doctor faced members of his House and many dark secrets were revealed . After this , Chris decided to travel alone using a time ring given to him by Romana .   The book which depicts Chris 's sexual encounter with a gay man , Damaged Goods , was written by future executive producer of the series Russell T Davies , whose works often include gay themes . Much like Davies ' later introduction to the series proper , Jack Harkness , Cwej opines that sexuality is not an issue where he comes from .

neg: Mark Burton (writer) Mark Burton is a British screenwriter specialising in comedy .

neg: Remembrance of the Daleks Remembrance of the Daleks is the first serial of the 25th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The serial was first broadcast in four weekly episodes from 5 October to 26 October 1988 . It was written by Ben Aaronovitch and directed by Andrew Morgan .   In the serial , alien time traveller the Doctor ( Sylvester McCoy ) and his companion Ace ( Sophie Aldred ) travel back to 1963 to retrieve the Hand of Omega , a powerful device created by the Doctor 's Time Lord race , and keep it from the Daleks .   The serial contained many references to the history of the show . It is set in 1963 , around the same time as the very first Doctor Who episode , An Unearthly Child . Remembrance of the Daleks returns the Doctor to Coal Hill School and the junkyard at 76 Totter 's Lane , locations first seen in that episode . The serial also continues the story arc of a civil war between rival Dalek factions , culminating in a showdown between the Doctor and Dalek Emperor Davros . This was the last appearance of Davros and the Daleks in the original run of Doctor Who . Davros appears for one scene only , and this in the fourth and final part .   In a variety of reader polls conducted by Doctor Who Magazine from 1998 onwards , Remembrance of the Daleks has consistently been voted as one of the greatest Doctor Who stories of all time .

neg: Michael Brooks (science writer) Michael Edward Brooks ( born 7 May 1970 ) is an English science writer , noted for explaining complex scientific research and findings to the general population .

neg: Doctor at Large (TV series) Doctor at Large is a British television comedy series based on a set of books by Richard Gordon about the misadventures of a group of newly qualified doctors . The series follows directly from its predecessor Doctor in the House , and was produced by London Weekend Television in 1971 .   Writers for the Doctor at Large episodes were Bill Oddie , Graeme Garden , John Cleese , Graham Chapman , Bernard McKenna , Geoff Rowley , Andy Baker , Jonathan Lynn and David Yallop , as well as George Layton ( under the pseudonym of `` Oliver Fry '' ) .

neg: Doctor Who (pinball) Doctor Who is a pinball machine designed by Bill Pfutzenreuter ( Pfutz ) and Barry Oursler , and released by Midway ( under the Bally brand name ) in September 1992 . It is based on the television series of the same name , although the relationship of spinoff media to the parent series is open to question . As stated in the Gameplay section , the rulesheet is rather different from other pinball machines released at the time , which did n't help popularity ( and even now it is still seen as an exotic machine amongst collectors ) as casual players did not understand the complex rule changes that occur during the game .   The first 100 games included a moving Dalek topper that would turn side-to-side while the robot was speaking . The effect was achieved by fitting the robot 's body with a complex motor , cam , and optoelectronics system . Its complexity and expense lead to it being cut from the production run . Production Dalek toppers can be made to move with `` wobble head kits '' .   Prototypes featured the old Bally-style backbox ( and a totally different backglass ) , but this was changed to the Williams-styled one in order to cheapen the production process for both product lines .

neg: Tenth Doctor The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who , who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials . As with previous incarnations of the Doctor , the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who spin-offs . In the programme 's narrative , the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time in his TARDIS , frequently with companions . When the Doctor is critically injured beyond medical repair , he can regenerate his body ; in doing so , his physical appearance and personality change , and a new actor assumes the role . Tennant 's portrayal of the Doctor is of an outwardly charismatic and charming adventurer whose likable and easygoing attitude can quickly turn to righteous fury when provoked .   This incarnation 's companions include working class shop assistant Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) , medical student Martha Jones ( Freema Agyeman ) , and fiery temp worker Donna Noble ( Catherine Tate ) . He eventually parts ways with them all by the end of the 2008 series finale , `` Journey 's End '' , after which he attempts to travel alone for the duration of the 2008 -- 2010 specials before being accompanied by Donna Noble 's grandfather Wilfred Mott on his final adventure in The End of Time .   In November 2013 , Tennant 's Doctor was voted `` The UK 's favourite Doctor '' in a survey held by the Radio Times magazine .

neg: Tom Baker (English actor) Thomas Stewart `` Tom '' Baker ( born 20 January 1934 ) is an English actor . He is known for his portrayal of the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981 , a longer tenure than any other actor , and for the narration of the comedy series Little Britain . Baker 's voice , which has been described as `` sonorous '' , was voted the fourth-most recognisable in the UK .   At the age of 15 Baker began study as a monk . However , he gradually lost his vocation and at 21 he left monastic life and undertook National Service in the Royal Army Medical Corps . On leaving the army , he joined the Merchant Navy and then became an actor , joining the Royal National Theatre Company under Laurence Olivier .   Baker was in his thirties when his professional acting career began , and his first major film role was as Grigori Rasputin in Nicholas and Alexandra in 1971 , when he was 37 . He went on to play the villainous Prince Koura in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad in 1973 , which led to his casting in Doctor Who . During his period as its star , the series was distinguished by high viewing figures and many stories which became regarded as classics . He remains one of the most instantly recognisable incarnations of the character . He continued to win regular roles in TV later in his career , most notably in the series Medics and Monarch of the Glen . In addition to performing acting roles , Baker has narrated commercials , video games , audiobooks and television series .   In a poll for the BBC Homes and Antiques magazine in January 2006 , Baker was voted the world 's fourth-most eccentric star . He was beaten by Björk , Chris Eubank and David Icke . Married three times , the second to Doctor Who co-star Lalla Ward , Baker has two sons from his first marriage .


query: Chris Pine declined to appear in a 2010 American disaster thriller film.

pos: Unstoppable (2010 film) Unstoppable is a 2010 American disaster thriller film directed and produced by Tony Scott in his final film as director before his death in 2012 . The film stars Denzel Washington and Chris Pine . The film , loosely based on the real-life CSX 8888 incident , tells the story of a runaway freight train and the two men ( Washington and Pine ) who attempt to stop it .   The film was released in the United States and Canada on November 12 , 2010 . It has received mostly favorable reviews from film critics ; it garnered a `` Certified Fresh '' rating on Rotten Tomatoes based upon aggregated reviews , and a rating of `` Generally favorable reviews '' at Metacritic . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound Editing at the 83rd Academy Awards , but it was beaten by Inception .

pos: Chris Pine Christopher Whitelaw Pine ( born August 26 , 1980 ) is an American actor . He is known for his role as James T. Kirk in Star Trek ( 2009 ) , Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) , and Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) . He also appeared in the films The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , Just My Luck ( 2006 ) , Smokin ' Aces ( 2007 ) , Bottle Shock ( 2008 ) , Unstoppable ( 2010 ) , This Means War ( 2012 ) , Rise of the Guardians ( 2012 ) , Horrible Bosses 2 ( 2014 ) , Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit ( 2014 ) , Into the Woods ( 2014 ) , Z for Zachariah ( 2015 ) , The Finest Hours ( 2016 ) , Hell or High Water ( 2016 ) , and Wonder Woman ( 2017 ) .

neg: El Rati Horror Show El Rati Horror Show is a 2010 Argentine film directed by Enrique Piñeyro and written by Piñeyro and Pablo Galfre .

neg: Titanic II (film) Titanic II ( also entitled Titanic 2 ) is a 2010 low-budget disaster film written , directed by , and starring Shane Van Dyke and distributed by The Asylum . Despite this title , the film is not a sequel to the 1997 film by James Cameron , although movie website Dread Central has suggested the film may be a mockbuster of it . It was released direct-to-TV in Australia on August 7 , 2010 . It premiered on Syfy on Sky in the UK and Ireland on August 9 . It was released on August 25 in the United States . The film is set on a fictional replica Titanic that sets off exactly 100 years after the original ship 's maiden voyage to perform the reverse route , but global warming and the forces of nature cause history to repeat itself on the same night , only on a more disastrous and deadly scale .

neg: Small World (2010 film) Small World ( Je n'ai rien oublié ) is a 2010 Franco-German drama film directed by Bruno Chiche and adapted from the book Small World by Martin Suter .

neg: Black Clouds & Silver Linings Black Clouds & Silver Linings is the tenth studio album by American progressive metal/rock band Dream Theater , released on June 23 , 2009 through Roadrunner Records . It is the band 's last album to feature drummer and founding member Mike Portnoy before his departure on September 8 , 2010 . The album was recorded between October 2008 and March 2009 at Avatar Studios in New York City . It was produced by John Petrucci and Portnoy , and was engineered and mixed by Paul Northfield .

neg: 127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed , co-written , and produced by Danny Boyle . The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston . In 127 Hours , canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon , southeastern Utah , in April 2003 . It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment , Film4 Productions , HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films .   The film , based on Ralston 's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place ( 2004 ) , was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy , produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson , and scored by A. R. Rahman . Beaufoy , Colson , and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) . 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture .

neg: Forgotten Pills Forgotten Pills is a 2010 American indie film written and directed by David Hefner . It stars Chris Blasman , Christina Murphy , Tye Alexander , Shane Callahan and Larry Bishop as the drug dealer Mathis .   The film is a feature-length version of an original short film of the same name . It was shot in Los Angeles , California in late 2007 . The film was released on June 5 , 2010 as an Official Selection for the 2010 Dances With Films festival in Los Angeles , where it was awarded the Grand Jury Award for Features .

neg: 10 Stories Down 10 Stories Down '' is the fourth album by The Pineapple Thief , released in June 2005 . This album was also remixed and re-mastered by Bruce Soord and Steve Kitsch in 2011 , the second in a series of re-mastered reissues from the band 's back catalogue under the Kscope label . The reissue was released via the Kscope online store ( and via their Official Online Store ) on June 20 , 2011 ,

neg: Unfinished Business (2015 film) Unfinished Business is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Ken Scott and written by Steven Conrad . The film stars Vince Vaughn , Tom Wilkinson , Dave Franco , Sienna Miller , Nick Frost , and James Marsden . It was released on March 6 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb .

neg: Arctic Blast Arctic Blast is a 2010 Australian-Canadian disaster film . Its world premiere took place at the 2010 Canadian Film Festival in Sydney , at the Dendy Opera Quays cinema , on 4 August .

neg: Loose Change Loose Change is a series of films released between 2005 and 2009 that argue in favor of certain conspiracy theories relating to the September 11th attacks . The films were written and directed by Dylan Avery and produced by Korey Rowe , Jason Bermas , and Matthew Brown .   The original 2005 film was edited and re-released as Loose Change : 2nd Edition ( 2006 ) , and then subsequently edited a third time for the 2nd Edition Recut ( 2007 ) . Loose Change : Final Cut , deemed `` the third and final release of this documentary series '' was released on DVD and Web-streaming format on November 11 , 2007 .   Another version of the film , Loose Change 9/11 : An American Coup , released on September 22 , 2009 , is narrated by Daniel Sunjata and distributed by Microcinema International .   Coverage of the film increased in 2006 with the recut release having airings on U.S. and European television stations and over 4 million views online in four months , leading Vanity Fair to say it could be the first internet blockbuster . Loose Change asserts that the usual account of the Pentagon attack , World Trade Center collapse and United 93 phone calls and crash is implausible and instead suggests the 9/11 attacks were a false flag operation . The film 's main claims have been debunked by journalists , independent researchers , and prominent members of the scientific and engineering community .

neg: Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs .   Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .

neg: Fearless (1993 film) Fearless is a 1993 American drama film directed by Peter Weir and starring Jeff Bridges , Isabella Rossellini , Rosie Perez and John Turturro . It was written by Rafael Yglesias from his novel of the same name .   Rosie Perez was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Carla Rodrigo . The film was also entered into the 44th Berlin International Film Festival . Jeff Bridges ' role as Max Klein is widely regarded as one of the best performances of his career . The film 's soundtrack features part of the first movement of Henryk Górecki 's Symphony No. 3 , subtitled Symphony of Sorrowful Songs . The film 's screenwriter was inspired to write the script after he was in a car accident . Yglesias began writing the story after reading about United Airlines Flight 232 , that crashed in Sioux City , Iowa in 1989 .

neg: List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross .   Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive .   Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .

neg: Cool It (film) Cool It is a 2010 documentary film based on the book Cool It : The Skeptical Environmentalist 's Guide to Global Warming by Danish political scientist Bjørn Lomborg . The film stars Lomborg , best known for authoring The Skeptical Environmentalist . It premiered in September in Canada at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival and had a theatrical United States release on November 12 , 2010 . The film was directed by Ondi Timoner .

neg: Saturday Night (2010 film) Saturday Night is a 2010 documentary directed by James Franco . The film examines the production process of the NBC late-night live television sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live . Shot over a period of six days from December 1 -- 6 , 2008 , the film was originally a school assignment for Franco at New York University .   The film premiered at the 2010 South by Southwest Film Festival on March 14 , 2010 , but was shelved for several years due to legal matters regarding its distributor and NBC . It was released on September 26 , 2014 on Hulu .

neg: The Curse of Downers Grove The Curse of Downers Grove is an American thriller film written by Bret Easton Ellis . The film is based on the 1999 novel Downers Grove by Michael Hornburg , the film stars Kevin Zegers , Bella Heathcote , Penelope Mitchell , Lucas Till , Zane Holtz , Helen Slater , and Tom Arnold . The film receives a limited theatrical release on August 21 , 2015 and a subsequent DVD/Blu-Ray release on September 1 , 2015 .

neg: Airport 2010 `` Airport 2010 '' is the twenty-second episode of the American television sitcom series Modern Family and the twenty-second episode of the series overall . It premiered on May 5 , 2010 , on ABC . The episode was written by Bill Wrubel & Dan O'Shannon and directed by Jason Winer .   In the episode , Gloria invites the whole family on a getaway to Hawaii for Jay 's birthday much to Jay 's chagrin . While waiting for their flight , Mitchell realizes that he does not have his wallet - that includes his ID - with him and he has to go back and get it . Phil offers to drive him back home , something that upsets Claire because Phil leaves her alone while he knows how much nervous she is when they are about to fly . Manny is kept for questioning after his name matches a name on a no-fly list and Haley flirts with a boy while Dylan is trapped inside the Dunphy 's house .   The episode references Lost which guest starred Julie Bowen . `` Airport 2010 '' has received positive reviews from critics with a lot praising of Ed O'Neill 's performance as Jay . Despite the positive reviews the episode dropped three-tenths from last week 's episode , `` Travels with Scout '' , and was viewed by an estimated 9.32 million households according to the Nielsen Media Research .

neg: The Last Winter (2006 film) The Last Winter is a 2006 thriller film directed by Larry Fessenden . The Last Winter premiered in The Contemporary World Cinema Programme at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival on September 11 , 2006 . The script for the film originally featured a more woodsy Alaska with pine trees and it was after a research trip to Prudhoe Bay that they discovered the harsh flat conditions that ultimately ended up in the film .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: Climate Change Denial Disorder Climate Change Denial Disorder ( CCDD ) is a satirical short film which parodies climate change denial and perspectives on climate change through discussion of a fictional disease . The film stars actors Ed Begley Jr. , Timothy Brennan , and Susan Yeagley . It was directed by Carly Usdin , written by Nicol Paone , and produced by Brianne Trosie . The film was released on April 14 , 2015 , by the comedy video website and film/TV production company Funny or Die and on April 16 to YouTube .   Climate Change Denial Disorder was recognized by the Environmental Media Association with a nomination in the 2015 Environmental Media Awards for Best Digital Short . Environmental news website EcoWatch highlighted the film among the highest viewed environmental videos of 2015 .