query: Maggie Gyllenhaal was born in New York City.

pos: Maggie Gyllenhaal Margalit Ruth `` Maggie '' Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- born November 16 , 1977 in New York City ) is an American actress . Part of the Gyllenhaal family , she is the daughter of filmmakers Stephen Gyllenhaal and Naomi Achs and the older sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal .   She began her film career as a teenager with roles in her father 's films and appeared alongside her brother in the psychological horror film Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) . She garnered critical praise for starring as Lee Holloway in Secretary ( 2002 ) , for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award . For her performance in Sherrybaby ( 2006 ) , she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She also received recognition for starring as Rachel Dawes in The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) . For her performance in the musical-drama Crazy Heart ( 2009 ) , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She subsequently starred in Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang ( 2010 ) , Wo n't Back Down ( 2012 ) and Frank ( 2014 ) , for which she was nominated for a BIFA Award .   In 2014 , she made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Real Thing , and also starred in the television BBC miniseries The Honourable Woman . For her performance in the latter she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Emmy Award .

neg: Magali Messac Magali Messac , a European/American ballet dancer , was born and raised in the south of France , where she received her early training from Olga and Henry Taneeff . In 1969 , the age of seventeen , she joined the Hamburg Ballet , and four years later , was promoted to principal dancer . That year , she received the Oberdorfer Culture Award for the most talented young artist . In 1978 , she came to the United States as a principal dancer for the Pennsylvania Ballet , and in 1980 , was invited by Mikhail Baryshnikov to join American Ballet Theatre as one of their principal ballerinas . Ms. Messac finished her performing career in Seattle with the Pacific Northwest Ballet .   Throughout her career she danced the major roles of the classical repertoire . She was also admired for her strength and beauty in contemporary works , including a wide selection of ballets by George Balanchine , and Anthony Tudor . Original ballets were created for her by a number of choreographers , including Mikhail Baryshnikov , Twyla Tharp , John Neumeier , Marcel Marceau , Martine van Hamel , and Glen Tetley .   She studied with many important teachers , but Maggie Black , who trained and privately coached her in New York , was her greatest influence .   Ms. Messac currently lives in Seattle , Washington where , for many years , she was on the faculty of Cornish College of the Arts . She also taught advanced ballet classes for Spectrum Dance Company . She was a permanent faculty member for the American Ballet Theater 's summer intensive .   Besides her involvement with dance , Magali Messac is a Gyrotonic Master Trainer . The Gyrotonic Expansion System is a conditioning program , both for dancers and the general public . Ms. Messac brought the system to the Pacific Northwest , creating and establishing the Gyrontonic community . She was , for twenty-five years , the director of GYROTONIC SEATTLE , the leading training facility in the Pacific Northwest . She recently retired from this position , turning the studio over to the direction of Vincent Cuny .

neg: Yorktown, New York Yorktown is a town that lies on the north border in Westchester County , New York , in a suburb approximately 38 mi north of midtown Manhattan . The population was 36,081 at the 2010 census .

neg: Maggie Betts Maggie Betts ( born Margaret Betts in New York City ) is a contemporary filmmaker . Though she recently signed with CAA , she is also represented by Brillstein Entertainment Partners . She earned her BA in English from Princeton University .   Her father is Roland W. Betts , who had a close personal relationship with former president George W. Bush . The themes of her films are largely inspired by the social consciousness she developed through interactions with former first lady Laura Bush and the work she has done with various United Nations organizations such as UNICEF .

neg: List of winners of the New York City Marathon The New York City Marathon is a 42,195-meter ( 26.2 mile ) race through all five boroughs of New York City , and ranks as the largest marathon in the world , with 46,795 finishers ( 29,867 men/16 ,928 women ) in 2011 . Since its inaugural race in 1970 , 28 men and 23 women have won the open division of the New York City Marathon , representing 19 different countries . From 1970 through 1975 , the race was held entirely in Central Park . It has started in Staten Island and gone through New York City 's other four boroughs since 1976 . Grete Waitz of Norway has won the race more than any other athlete , having completed her 9th victory in 1988 , setting three course records in the process . Current course records were set by Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya in 2011 in the men 's division , and by Margaret Okayo of Kenya in 2003 in the women 's division .   A wheelchair race has been held since 2000 . Among the wheelchair racers , Edith Hunkeler of Switzerland has the most victories , with five . She also holds the women 's course record with a time of 1:52:38 , while Kurt Fearnley of Australia holds the men 's record with 1:29:22 .

neg: East Harlem East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan , New York City roughly encompassing the area north of the Upper East Side and East 96th Street up to about the 140s , east of Fifth Avenue to the East and Harlem Rivers . It lies within Manhattan Community District 11 . Despite its name , it is generally not considered to be a part of Harlem .   The neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Latino communities in New York City , mostly made up of Puerto Ricans , as well as sizeable numbers of Dominican , Cuban and Mexican immigrants . It includes the area formerly known as Italian Harlem , in which the remnants of a once predominantly Italian community remain . The Chinese population has increased dramatically in East Harlem since 2000 .   East Harlem has historically suffered from many social issues , such as the highest jobless rate in New York City , teenage pregnancy , AIDS , drug abuse , homelessness , and an asthma rate five times the national average . It has the second highest concentration of public housing in the United States , closely following Brownsville , Brooklyn . Police services to the neighborhood are divided between the 23rd and the 25th Precincts . Conversely , East Harlem is notable for its contributions to Latin freestyle and salsa music .   However , East Harlem is now undergoing some gentrification . In February 2016 , East Harlem was one of four neighborhoods featured in an article in The New York Times about `` New York 's Next Hot Neighborhoods '' . Beginning in 2016 , the New York City government was seeking to rezone East Harlem `` to facilitate new residential , commercial , community facility , and manufacturing development . ''

neg: New York Woman New York Woman was a magazine that blended features on fashion and the arts , literary and humorous essays , and consumer-oriented services pieces such as reviews of restaurants , shops or films . Its target audience was intelligent women living in the New York Metropolitan area . It was launched as a bimonthly by the Esquire Magazine Group Inc. in 1986 . The first issue was published in September-October of that year . The mergers-and-acquisitions specialist Bruce Wasserstein of Wasserstein Perella reportedly brokered the magazine 's sale to American Express Publishing , publisher of Travel + Leisure and Food & Wine .   New York Woman '' 's founding publisher was Julie Lewit-Nirenberg , who was later the founding publisher of Mirabella , often referred to as a smart woman 's fashion magazine . Later she was a director of special projects at Conde-Nast .   The magazine 's founding editor was Betsy Carter ( who went on to work for O , The Oprah Magazine , Oprah Winfrey 's magazine ) .   The French graphic designer Fabien Baron used his creative director position at the magazine as an opportunity to further develop relationships with important clients in the fashion business such as Barneys and Calvin Klein . After leaving New York Woman , Baron continued to earn accolades for his fashion-oriented work in advertising and for magazines such as Harper 's Bazaar .   Writers included the playwright Wendy Wasserstein , the Andy Warhol superstar Viva , the sociologist Barbara Ehrenreich , the comedy writer Merrill Markoe , the actress Theresa Meeker and Maureen Orth , who later wrote for Vanity Fair magazine.New York Woman '' ceased publication in 1992 .

neg: Vanessa Grigoriadis Vanessa Maia Grigoriadis ( born in New York City , New York ) is an American journalist .

neg: Sloane Hospital for Women The Sloane Hospital for Women is the obstetrics and gynecology service within New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City .   Sloane Maternity Hospital was founded in 1886 based upon a donation from William D. Sloane and his wife , Emily Thorn Vanderbilt , the granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt , to Columbia P&S . It was located on the P&S campus in Midtown Manhattan at Amsterdam Avenue and 59th Street , serving as a teaching facility for P&S students , and opened its doors in early 1888 . It soon established a reputation for superior sanitary practices and low mortality rates ; it also linked obstetrics with gynecology , the first hospital in the country to do so . The facility changed its name to Sloane Hospital for Women in 1910 . In 1911 , a new surgical building was added , also funded by the Sloanes .   In 1925 , it became part of Presbyterian Hospital , which was operating in affiliation with P&S . During 1928 , it moved with the Hospital to its present location on 168th Street in the Washington Heights area of northern Manhattan . There it maintained its name while occupying several floors of the Presbyterian Hospital building . The Hospital is now part of NewYork-Presbyterian / Morgan Stanley Children 's Hospital still in use today .   In its role as both a research and clinical facility , the Sloane Hospital for Women has pioneered many advances in the field , including the Apgar score , the use of rhogam , and amniocentesis .   In February 1915 , an outbreak of typhoid occurred among twenty-five nurses and attendants in the hospital , two of whom later died . The outbreak was later traced to Typhoid Mary , who had violated an agreement she had made with the city not to return to the cooking profession . -LSB- CITATION NEEDED -RSB-   Notable people born at Sloane include National Geographic photographer Gordon Gahan and former First Lady of the United States Nancy Reagan .

neg: Rocky Sullivan's Rocky Sullivan 's is a New York City Irish style pub opened in 1996 by the musician Chris Byrne ( Seanchai and the Unity Squad , Black 47 and Paddy-A-Go-Go ) and the journalist Patrick Farrelly ( HBO 's Left of the Dial , Irish Voice , Michael Moore 's TV Nation ) . The bar is named after James Cagney 's character in the 1938 movie Angels With Dirty Faces co-starring Humphrey Bogart . It is located in Red Hook , Brooklyn , on the corner of Dwight and Van Dyke Streets , from its original location at East 29th Street and Lexington Avenue in Manhattan .   Entertainment includes a pub quiz on Thursdays , Irish language classes on Tuesdays and live music on Mondays , Tuesdays , Wednesdays and Saturdays . Authors ' readings , held on the last Wednesday of the month and on other occasions , have drawn enthusiastic crowds and top flight writers , including Roddy Doyle , Frank McCourt , Edna O'Brien , Pete Hamill , Rosemary Breslin , Jimmy Breslin , Mike Lupica and Brendan O'Carroll . Starting in 2011 , Rocky Sullivan 's hosts a yearly 4 on 4 street hockey game in front of the bar on a Saturday in March , which is open to the public . Michael Reynolds has won the trophy for best panties and high heels every year .

neg: Long Island City Long Island City ( L.I.C. ) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens . L.I.C. is noted for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification , its waterfront parks , and its thriving arts community . L.I.C. has among the highest concentration of art galleries , art institutions , and studio space of any neighborhood in New York City . It is bordered by Astoria to the north ; the East River to the west ; Hazen Street , 49th Street , and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east ; and Newtown Creek -- which separates Queens from Greenpoint , Brooklyn -- to the south . It originally was the seat of government of the Town of Newtown , and remains the largest neighborhood in Queens . The area is part of Queens Community Board 1 , located north of the Queensboro Bridge and Queens Plaza ; it is also of Queens Community Board 2 to the south .   Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge , also known as the 59th Street Bridge , which is the only non-toll automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan . Northwest of the bridge terminus are the Queensbridge Houses , a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in North America .   __ TOC __

neg: New York Competition of Dramatic Arts The New York Competition of Dramatic Arts ( NYCODA ) is an Annual Performance Festival and Competition for actors , located in New York City .   NYCODA , established in the spring of 2008 , is becoming known for its appeal to both amateur and professional actors , but with a wider appeal to other areas of the performing arts . The company flew below the radar for a while , but is fast becoming known on the New York Performance Arts scene , and being identified as uniquely Brooklyn . In fact , many are calling it a Brooklyn movement of performance artists and a haven for the aspiring actor .   NYCODA was established as an annual performance festival and competition , where actors can compete in different genres , such as Shakespearean Drama , Dramatic Duologue , Humorous Verse and Open Reading . Actors compete in these categories , with the Open Reading category a favorite , because the actor has freedom to choose what to perform . In fact , many actors write and perform their own work in this category .   The NYCODA competition is typically held in the Fall of each year in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . Contestants submit samples of their performances , typically monologues , via the company 's website . The contestants are chosen months in advance , and are notified by the Summer preceding the Fall event . The festival is a one-day event and category winners are chosen at the end of the night and presented with some of the most sought after awards in the industry , with the biggest award , The NYCODA Actor Award going to the overall winner of the festival . The event is recorded for television purposes .   While the NYCODA festival primarily features competing actors , many other performance artists are included . Dancers , singers and other performers help add to the rich and complex texture of the event , and now the festival is being called the Sundance Festival of Brooklyn and the buzz is already alive in the community of aspiring actors , who see the festival and competition as another outlet to have their skills recognized and an opportunity to perform live on stage in front of a large audience .   Many noteworthy organizations are already in line to endorse the NYCODA movement , and to applaud it as the festival for which New York has long waited . The company has begun to develop an international outlook and has begun partnering with international agencies , in Africa and Europe . Through their international program , NYCODA welcomes actors and performance artists from all over the country and all over the world , and some NYCODA contestants have the opportunity to perform internationally as well .

neg: Gaelic Park The Gaelic Park Sports Centre ( Páirc na nGael ) , often abbreviated Gaelic Park , is a multi-purpose outdoor athletics facility , located at West 240th Street and Broadway in Riverdale , Bronx , in the U.S. state of New York . Since 1926 the grounds has been used as the venue for Gaelic sports in New York , and since its purchase by Manhattan College in 1991 it has hosted numerous American college athletic events .   Located just west of Broadway and south and west of Van Cortlandt Park in the northernmost part of the Bronx just south of the city border with Westchester , Gaelic Park was purchased in 1926 by the Gaelic Athletic Association of Greater New York . It has been given a few different names over time including Innisfail Park , but since the 1950s it has gone by its current name , Gaelic Park , a reflection of the park 's decidedly Irish flavor . The park includes a playing field and dance hall . In addition to hurling and football matches , a number of other sporting events take place at Gaelic Park . There are also concerts and dances that feature Irish music both old and new . Beginning with `` Summer ' 69 '' and continuing into the early 1970s , rock concerts were also held there , including the Association , Beach Boys , Gary Puckett and the Union Gap , Eagles , Pete Seeger , Rascals , Irish Rovers , Four Tops , Grateful Dead , Chicago , Edgar Winter , Johnny Winter , Jefferson Airplane , Black Oak Arkansas , Allman Brothers Band , Ten Years After , Yes , ELP , Mountain , Humble Pie and Deep Purple .

neg: Emma Greenwell Emma Greenwell ( born January 14 , 1989 ) is an American actress who was born in the United States but was raised in London from a very young age .

neg: Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan , also known as Downtown Manhattan , is the southernmost part of Manhattan , the central borough for business , culture , and government in the City of New York , which itself originated at the southern tip of Manhattan Island in 1624 .

neg: Jake Gyllenhaal Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- ; born December 19 , 1980 ) is an American actor . A member of the Gyllenhaal family and the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner , Gyllenhaal began acting as a child with a screen debut in City Slickers ( 1991 ) , followed by roles in A Dangerous Woman ( 1993 ) and Homegrown ( 1998 ) . His breakthrough performance was as Homer Hickam in October Sky ( 1999 ) and he garnered an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead for playing the title character in the indie cult hit Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) , in which he played a psychologically troubled teenager alongside his older sister , Maggie Gyllenhaal . He subsequently appeared in another indie film , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) and the climate fiction-disaster film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , portraying a student caught in a cataclysmic climate event .   In 2005 , Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony `` Swoff '' Swofford in Jarhead , Gwyneth Paltrow 's love interest in Proof , and Jack Twist in Ang Lee 's Brokeback Mountain . For his performance in Brokeback Mountain , he received critical acclaim and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role , the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor .   Gyllenhaal received further recognition for roles in Zodiac ( 2007 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Love & Other Drugs ( 2010 ) , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , Source Code ( 2011 ) , End of Watch ( 2012 ) , Prisoners , Enemy ( both 2013 ) , Nightcrawler ( 2014 ) , Southpaw ( 2015 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . For Nightcrawler , his performance was widely acclaimed and received rave reviews from critics and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .

neg: Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night `` Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night '' was the title of a 1976 New York Magazine article by British rock journalist Nik Cohn . It was the basis for the plot and characters in the movie Saturday Night Fever .   Originally , the article was published as a piece of factual reporting . However , around the time of the twentieth anniversary of the film , Cohn revealed that the article was actually a work of fiction . After persuading New York editor Clay Felker to let him write an article about the 1970s disco scene , Cohn , a newcomer to the United States , set about researching the American working-class subculture he was trying to cover . One night he travelled to Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , to visit the disco 2001 Odyssey . However when he arrived a drunken fight was taking place outside the club , and one of the participants rolled over in the gutter and threw up on Cohn 's trouser leg , leading him to return to Manhattan . Despite this brief visit , Cohn did notice that the scene was surveyed by one clubgoer , standing in the doorway and calmly watching events . Cohn returned to the club subsequently but the young man was n't there .   To overcome his lack of familiarity with the New York disco scene , Cohn combined the image of the figure outside the club with people he knew from his youth , including a gang member from the Northern Irish city of Derry , where Cohn had grown up , and a young man he knew in England . `` My story was a fraud , '' he wrote . `` I 'd only recently arrived in New York . Far from being steeped in Brooklyn street life , I hardly knew the place . As for Vincent , my story 's hero , he was largely inspired by a Shepherd 's Bush mod whom I 'd known in the Sixties , a one-time king of Goldhawk Road . '' For additional detail Cohn returned to Bay Ridge during the day to get a better feel for the area . On the fortieth anniversary of the article 's publication in 2016 , Cohn said that he thought that such a fictionalised piece would not be published in the contemporary press : `` It reads to me as obvious fiction , albeit based on observation and some knowledge of disco culture . No way could it sneak past customs now . In the 60s and 70s , the line between fact and fiction was blurry ... Few editors asked tough questions . For the most part it was a case of ` do n't ask , do n't tell ' '' .

neg: York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' .   Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street .   The Oscar Hammerstein Award  is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years .   Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .

neg: Centre Market Place Centre Market Place is a one block long street in Lower Manhattan , New York City , bordering Mulberry Street to the east , Grand Street to the south , Broome Street to the north , and Centre Street to the west . Centre Market Place was originally an extension of Orange Street ( now Baxter Street , which starts at Grand Street , where Centre Market Place ends ) , before being formally renamed Centre Market Place in April 1837 , after Centre Market , which was west of the street . At one time , the street was at the top of a high hill . Currently , local residents consider Centre Market Place to be part of the NoLIta neighborhood .  At the southern end of the street , on the corner of Grand Street , is Onieal 's restaurant , which features a cavernous wine cellar that once served as a speakeasy during Prohibition . Gentlemen of means would walk through the front of the Police Building , perhaps make a contribution to the `` widows and orphan fund '' and then walk through the cellar corridor connecting the two buildings .   9 Centre Market Place was once the location to `` The People 's Bath House '' , a privately run public bathhouse built by the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor . The People 's Baths served as a model to which the City of New York would later build the city 's truly public bathhouses .   The block also included several gun stores including the John Jovino at 5 Centre Market Place , and the older Frank Lava Gunsmith at 6 Centre Market Place . The gun stores were part of a gun district owing to its proximity to the police headquarters at 240 Centre St.  A row of townhouses at No. 1 , 2 , 4 , and 5 were rehabilitated by two developers , a husband-and-wife team , incorporating found architectural castoffs scavenged from around the world as part of its facade .   The street was home to many well-known writers , poets , and artists , including the noted crime photographer Weegee , who lived in a small studio apartment at 5 Centre Market Pl .

neg: New York City mayoral elections The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year . The city , which elects the mayor as its chief executive , consists of the five boroughs ( Manhattan , The Bronx , Brooklyn , Queens and Staten Island ) , which consolidated to form `` Greater '' New York on January 1 , 1898 .   The consolidated city 's first mayor , Robert A. Van Wyck , was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897 . Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller , unconsolidated City of New York ( Manhattan , later expanded into the Bronx ) .   The current mayor , now in his first term , is Bill de Blasio . He was elected on November 5 , 2013 , to a four-year term that began on January 1 , 2014 .

neg: Joe's Pub Joe 's Pub , one of the six performance spaces within The Public Theater , is a music venue and restaurant that hosts live performances across genres and arts , ranging from cabaret to modern dance to world music . Joe 's Pub is located at 425 Lafayette Street near Astor Place in Manhattan , New York City . It is named after Joseph Papp , the theatrical producer who established the New York Shakespeare Festival , The Public Theater and the free Shakespeare in the Park program in Central Park .   The venue is notable for being where Amy Winehouse and Adele made their U.S. headlining concert debuts . In 2013 , in its 15th anniversary year , the Pub was declared one of Rolling Stone Magazine 's 10 Best Clubs in America .


query: Fred Trump was a philanthropist in New York City.

pos: Fred Trump Frederick Christ Trump ( October 11 , 1905 -- June 25 , 1999 ) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist , primarily in New York City , and father of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States , and Maryanne Trump Barry , a United States Court of Appeals judge .   Trump 's father , Frederick , died when Trump was 13 years old . By 15 , in partnership with his mother , Elizabeth Christ Trump , and non-family investors , Trump had begun a career in home construction and sales . The development company was incorporated as E. Trump & Son in 1927 , and grew to build and manage single-family houses in Queens , barracks and garden apartments for U.S. Navy personnel near major shipyards along the East Coast , and more than 27,000 apartments in New York City .   Trump was investigated by a U.S. Senate committee for wartime profiteering ( 1954 ) , and by the U.S. Justice Department 's Civil Rights Division for civil rights violations ( 1973 ) . According to The New York Times and The Washington Post , the latter incident inspired a song by tenant and folk singer , Woody Guthrie .

neg: Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower The Trump International Hotel & Tower Panama ( formerly Trump Ocean Club or Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower ) is a 70-story , 2500000 sqft , mixed-use waterfront condominium tower development in Panama City , Panama .   The project was designed by Colombian architects Arias - Serna - Saravia S.A. . The building is situated on a beachfront lot with views of the Pacific Ocean and Panama Bay , in the area of Punta Pacifica . The building was developed by real estate tycoon Donald Trump of the Trump Organization and Roger Khafif , President of the K Group , a Panama resort developer . The project includes 369 hotel condominium units , 700 condominium units , 1500 parking spaces , retail shops , casino , use of a private beach club on Viveros Island , yacht club and pier , wellness spa , gym , pool deck , meeting and event spaces , and a business center .   The hotel opened on July 6 , 2011 . On September 21 , 2011 , it was indicated by Bloomberg.com that Fitch Ratings downgraded $ 220 million in bonds that Newland International Properties , Corp. is using to finance construction of the Trump International Hotel & Tower in Panama . The downgrade to CCsf from B-sf , resulted from `` continued uncertainty over the willingness and ability '' of buyers to take possession of apartment units , according to Fitch documents .   In November 2012 , Sun International announced plans to open a 75000 sqft casino at the property with 600 slot machines and 32 table games . The company paid $ 45.5 million for the rights to the space , and planned to spend another $ 60 million to develop it for an opening in mid-2014 .   Its similar style to the Burj Al Arab , a hotel in Dubai , United Arab Emirates , has been noticed , and court proceedings over the similarities took place .

neg: Fernando Ferrer Fernando James `` Freddy '' Ferrer ( born April 30 , 1950 ) is an American politician who was the Borough President of The Bronx from 1987 to 2001 , and was a candidate for Mayor of New York City in 2001 and the Democratic Party nominee for Mayor in 2005 .

neg: Florence Spencer Duryea Florence Spencer Duryea was an American philanthropist and clubwoman , national secretary of Women 's Organizations for Near East Relief , based in New York City .

neg: Richard “Skip” Bronson Richard `` Skip '' Bronson is an American businessman , real estate developer , and author of the Los Angeles Times best-selling War At The Shore : Steve Wynn , Donald Trump and the Epic Battle to Save Atlantic City .

neg: Residences of Donald Trump U.S. President Donald Trump currently has seven residences .   During his time at the New York Military Academy , he lived on campus ; he later rented row houses in college . In 1971 , Trump moved to a studio on 75th Street in Manhattan . Since the completion of Trump Tower in 1983 , Trump has lived in a three-level penthouse on the top floors . He purchased the Seven Springs mansion in Bedford , New York in 1995 . Upon Trump 's election to the US presidency , he moved into the White House in Washington , D.C. while First Lady Melania and their son will stay at Trump Tower in Manhattan until the end of the school year before moving to the White House as well .

neg: Fred Rosen (businessman) Fredric `` Fred '' D. Rosen is an American attorney , business executive , and philanthropist . He served as the president and chief executive officer of Ticketmaster from 1982 to 1998 .

neg: New York Foundation The New York Foundation is a charitable foundation which gives grants to nonprofit organizations supporting community organizing and advocacy in New York City .

neg: New World Foundation The New World Foundation is a liberal foundation , based in New York . It supports organizations that work on behalf of civil rights and that seek to encourage participation of citizens in American democracy . It was founded in 1954 by Anita McCormick Blaine , a prominent member of the McCormick family and an heiress to industrialist Cyrus Hall McCormick and a supporter of Henry Wallace 's 1948 presidential campaign . Its initial funding of about $ 20 million was noted for progress towards education , ethics , peace , and public health .   In its mission statement , the New World Foundation stated as of 2009 :  We see the strengths of progressive ideals and committed activists , who every day are inventing democracy and extending its boundaries . But we also know the strength of reaction , inaction , and injustice in blocking democracy 's advance . Our work and our tradition is to tip the balance , to add resources to the side of justice , to widen the channels for participation , and to ensure that another generation will see by example how they can make a difference .   During the early 1960s , the New World Foundation 's goal was to aid education and promote better intergroup and international relations . During the early 1970s , the Foundation supported various civil rights and community projects . Hillary Clinton , whom Marian Wright Edelman had mentored , was on the board from 1982 to 1988 , and was its chair for some of that time , including 1987 . During that time , the Foundation gave money to a variety of organizations active in civil rights and other New Left causes , including the Christic Institute , Grassroots International , Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador ( CISPES ) , FAIR , and the National Lawyers Guild . By the early 1990s , the foundation was giving money to a Silicon Valley group fighting consequences of computer industry toxins , all the while undergoing criticism for being invested in the likes of Louisiana Pacific , Nike , and Philip Morris .

neg: List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump This is a list of presidential trips made by Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States .   This list excludes trips made within Washington , D.C. , the U.S. federal capital in which the White House , the official residence and principal workplace of the President , is located . Also excluded are trips to Camp David , the country residence of the President , and to the private home of the Trump family in Trump Tower , New York City . International trips are included .

neg: Trump Home Trump Home is a brand of furniture and home items marketed by American businessman and now President of the United States Donald Trump and owned by Trump 's company , The Trump Organization .   Trump Home was launched in July 2007 , with two furniture lines manufactured by Lexington Home Brands . A third furniture line was made available in 2008 , at which point the brand was available in more than 18 international territories . A year later , the company partnered with Serta to produce mattresses under the Trump Home name . A line of Trump-branded tabletop crystal , manufactured by a Slovenian company , was launched in 2010 . Trump Home has also sold light fixtures , rugs , bath and bedding collections , and a candle and fragrance diffuser collection .   In 2011 , Lexington chose not to renew its licensing agreement with Trump Home . Two years later , Trump Home entered a partnership with furniture company Dorya International to manufacture Trump-branded furniture . Serta ended its affiliation with Trump Home after Donald Trump described Mexican immigrants as `` rapists '' while announcing his 2016 presidential campaign . Lifestyle , a Dubai-based retailer of Trump Home products , also ended their affiliation with the company in 2015 , after Trump announced his plan to ban all Muslims from entering the United States . Other retailers have discontinued sales of Trump Home products since Trump was elected in November 2016 .

neg: Frederic Cameron Church, Jr. Frederic Cameron `` Fred '' Church , Jr. was an American businessman . His father founded Fred C. Church Insurance company in 1865 as a sole proprietorship in Lowell , Massachusetts . Fred . C. Church , Inc. currently has around 130 employees , with branch offices in Andover , MA , Dracut , MA , Haverhill , MA , Tewksbury , MA , Westford , MA , and Portsmouth , NH .

neg: Frederick Osborn Major General Frederick Henry Osborn ( 21 March 1889 -- 5 January 1981 ) was an American philanthropist , military leader , and eugenicist . He was a founder of several organizations and played a central part in reorienting eugenics in the years following World War II away from the race - and class-consciousness of earlier periods . The American Philosophical Society considers him to have been `` the respectable face of eugenic research in the post-war period . '' ( APS , 1983 )

neg: John G. Trump John George Trump ( August 21 , 1907 -- February 21 , 1985 ) was an American electrical engineer , inventor , and physicist . He was a recipient of U.S. President Ronald Reagan 's National Medal of Science , and a member of the National Academy of Engineering . John Trump was noted for developing rotational radiation therapy . Together with Robert J. Van de Graaff , he developed one of the first million-volt X-ray generators . He was the paternal uncle of Donald Trump .

neg: Fred J. Rath Fred J. Rath ( October 15 , 1888 -- April 9 , 1968 ) was an American businessman and politician from New York .

neg: The Visionary The Visionary ( or The Entrepreneur ) is a 1989 painting of the American businessman and politician Donald Trump by the American artist Ralph Wolfe Cowan . It hangs in Trump 's Palm Beach , Florida , residence of Mar-a-Lago .

neg: Fred Wertheimer Fredric Michael `` Fred '' Wertheimer ( born January 9 , 1939 ) is an American attorney , lobbyist , and activist notable for his work on campaign finance reform and other government integrity , transparency , and accountability issues .

neg: Great America PAC Great America PAC is a Super PAC that supported Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election .   Great America PAC was founded in 2016 by Eric Beach , a political strategist who is a veteran of presidential campaigns . Beach soon brought on Ed Rollins , a long time Republican campaign consultant and strategist who served as the campaign manager for Ronald Reagan 's 1984 presidential campaign .

neg: Russian War Relief Russian War Relief ( also known as the Russian War Relief Fund , and The American Committee for Russian War Relief ) was the largest American agency for foreign war relief . It had the `` express and exclusive purpose of giving succor to the Russian people at a time of crisis '' . The chairman of Russian War Relief was Edward C. Carter , chairman of the National Committee for Medical Aid to the Soviet Union , a member of the Executive Committee of the American Russian Institute and secretary general of the Institute of Pacific Relations . From 1942 , the fund was headed by Allen Wardwell .   On July 29 , 1941 , one month after Germany 's attack on Russia , a group met in New York and established Russian War Relief , Inc incorporated in New York on September 12 , 1941 . Fred Myers , who later founded the Humane Society of the United States ( HSUS ) , served as director of public relations and was later promoted to Executive Director .

neg: New York Civic New York Civic is a New York-based , good governance , nonprofit organization created in 2002 by Henry Stern , former Commissioner of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation , and Alan M. Moss , former first deputy parks commissioner .   According to the organization 's website , `` New York Civic frames and brings media attention to important issues using the Internet , press events , commentaries , public fora , and public testimonies . We also , on request , advise elected and appointed officials on legislation , budget allocation , and management practices . '' In addition to founding New York Civic , Stern acts as President and head writer of the organization 's public policy column , containing articles that are sent to a mailing list comprising people who have requested them . Since 2002 Stern has written over 700 articles for New York Civic . The organization itself also often appears in major news publications .  New York Civic frequently hosts networking events and panel discussions which promote its good governance message .

neg: Our Principles PAC Our Principles PAC is a super PAC established in January 2016 . Its goal is to oppose Donald Trump 's campaign for president . Our Principles PAC is led by Katie Packer , who was deputy campaign manager of Mitt Romney 's 2012 campaign . The month of the Iowa caucuses , the group sent out mailers to voters in the state , attacking Trump . In March , it released a video attacking Trump , featuring women reading some of his sexist statements about women .   During the 2016 presidential election campaign , New York-based hedge fund billionaire Paul Singer , whose corporation Elliott Management Corporation ( EMC ) specializes in distressed debt acquisitions , was one of the group 's donors . Singer supported Marco Rubio .


query: Tommy Chong has Canadian and American citizenship.

pos: Tommy Chong Thomas B. Kin Chong ( born May 24 , 1938 ) is a Canadian-American comedian and actor , who is known for his marijuana-themed Cheech & Chong comedy albums and movies with Cheech Marin , as well as playing the character Leo on Fox 's That '70s Show . He became a naturalized United States citizen in the late 1980s .

neg: Chong Tae-hyon Tae-Hyon Chong ( Hangul : 정대현 , Hanja : 鄭大炫 ; born November 10 , 1978 in Gunsan , Jeollabuk-do , South Korea ) is a South Korean underhand pitcher , playing for the Lotte Giants in Korea Professional Baseball . He bats and throws right-handed . Chong is considered as a submarine pitcher with an unusual delivery . He throws a sinking fastball ( sinker ) usually sitting around 80 mph and a curveball as his primary pitches .

neg: Tom Green Michael Thomas `` Tom '' Green ( born July 30 , 1971 ) is a Canadian actor , rapper , writer , comedian , producer , director , talk show host , and media personality . Best known for his unique brand of comedy , he found mainstream prominence via his MTV television show The Tom Green Show . Green is also known for his roles in the Hollywood films Road Trip ( 2000 ) , Charlie 's Angels ( 2000 ) , Freddy Got Fingered ( 2001 ) , Stealing Harvard ( 2002 ) and Shred ( 2008 ) . He was briefly married to actress Drew Barrymore .   In June 2003 , Green served as a guest host on Late Show with David Letterman , which led to him hosting his own late-night talk show on MTV titled The New Tom Green Show . From 2006 until 2011 he hosted his internet talk show Tom Green 's House Tonight from his living room , and began performing stand-up comedy in 2010 . From October 2013 to November 2014 Green hosted the live weekly talk-show Tom Green Live on AXS TV .

neg: Overseas Taiwanese Overseas Taiwanese , also called `` people of Taiwanese descent '' , are people who are living outside of Republic of China on Taiwan but are of Taiwanese ancestry or descent . Overseas Taiwanese may live in other territories such as the People 's Republic of China and are not necessarily Republic of China nationals .   Overseas Taiwanese may not have been born in or lived in the Republic of China . Some Overseas Taiwanese also consider themselves Overseas Chinese . In November 2014 the Taipei Times cited an estimate of 1 million Taiwanese living in mainland China .   Overseas citizens must return to Taiwan to legally vote in elections , as Taiwan does not use absentee ballots .   In the United States , there are 230,382 to 919,000 people of Taiwanese descent living in the country . They are mostly concentrated in California , New York , and Texas . There are over 91,000 Taiwanese people in Canada , mainly living in the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario .

neg: Tommy Lee Edwards Tommy Lee Edwards is an American illustrator . Edwards ' varied portfolio includes works created in the realm of comics , video-games , books , advertising , film , and animation .

neg: Thomas Shoyama Thomas Kunito ( Tommy ) Shoyama ( September 24 , 1916 -- December 22 , 2006 ) was a prominent Canadian public servant who was instrumental in designing social services in Canada , especially Medicare .

neg: T & T Supermarket T & T Supermarket is a Canadian supermarket chain which sells primarily numerous forms of Asian foods . The supermarket chain is headquartered in Richmond , British Columbia . In 1993 , the first T & T was opened in Burnaby 's Metropolis at Metrotown , a shopping centre in the Metrotown area in Metro Vancouver .   With rapid expansion , T & T is now Canada 's largest Asian supermarket chain . It has ten stores across British Columbia , five in Alberta ( two in Calgary and three in Edmonton ) , and nine stores in Ontario with eight stores in the Greater Toronto Area including Downtown Toronto , and one in Ottawa . More stores are expected to open in the coming years with a target for 10 in Eastern Canada .   The stores range in size from 35000 sqft . and 45000 sqft . In addition to the many departments found in a regular supermarket , most T & T stores also have an in-house bakery , an Asian deli , a sushi and Chinese barbecue department .   T & T is part of Loblaw Companies , which purchased it in July 2009 for $ 225 million in consideration , consisting of $ 191 million in cash and $ 34 million in preferred shares . The consideration paid above and beyond the tangible asset base of the company ( i.e. the accounting goodwill ) which was estimated at $ 180 million . The chain had been created as a joint venture of Uni-President Enterprises Corporation , one of Taiwan 's ten largest conglomerates ; Tawa Supermarkets Inc. , a California-based chain of Asian supermarkets ; and a group of Canadian investors . Founder Cindy Lee is a Taiwanese-Canadian who started the business with one store .   Back in the 1990s , Chinese-Canadians in Vancouver had limited grocery options as most of the stores are individual vendors located in Chinatown . Seeking to improve shopping experience for these families , Cindy Lee founded T&T with the dream to provide a one-stop solution for high quality Asian products in an enjoyable environment . As a family-oriented supermarket founded and ran by a mother , the name T&T itself stands for the names of Lee 's two daughters , Tina and Tiffany . T&T also represents the names of the two major investors involved when the company was founded in 1993 ; Tawa Supermarket Inc and Uni-President Enterprises Corp. ( Chinese name is pronounced `` Tung Yee '' ) .

neg: CTV Two Alberta CTV Two Alberta is a Canadian English language entertainment , information and educational television channel in the province of Alberta . It is owned by Bell Media , and operates as a de facto owned-and-operated station of its secondary CTV Two television system .   The channel is licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) as an educational programming service for Alberta , and was formerly a public broadcaster owned by the Alberta provincial government . Since becoming a private broadcaster , it has continued to air educational and children 's programming as a condition of license , along with entertainment programming more favourable to advertisers and adult viewers .   The channel is also designated as a `` satellite-to-cable undertaking '' serving the entirety of Alberta , and is therefore carried throughout the province on cable and licensed IPTV services on each service 's basic tier . It is also available on both national satellite services , Bell TV and Shaw Direct . In addition , the station formerly operated two terrestrial transmitters , CJAL-TV ( channel 9 ) in Edmonton , where the channel 's main studios are located , and CIAN-TV ( channel 13 ) in Calgary .

neg: Tommy Davis (Scientology) Thomas William `` Tommy '' Davis ( born August 18 , 1972 ) is an American financial executive . From 2005 to 2011 , Davis was head of external affairs and the chief spokesperson of the Church of Scientology International and Senior Vice President at the Church of Scientology Celebrity Centre International from the early 1990s . Between 2011 and 2013 , Davis did not make any public appearances in the media . In June 2013 , it was revealed that Davis and his wife had relocated from Gold Base in Riverside County , California to Austin , Texas . He currently resides in Los Angeles .   He is currently the General Manager of Consolidated Press Holdings North America LLC , a private investment vehicle owned by Australian billionaire , James Packer .

neg: Rocket v Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario Rocket v Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario , -LSB- 1990 -RSB- 2 S.C.R. 232 is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the right to freedom of expression under section 2 ( b ) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . The Court struck down a law prohibiting professionals from advertising as it was too broad .   Dr. Rocket and Dr. Price were dentists practicing in Ontario . They started an advertisement campaign to promote their practice . They were charged with violating the prohibition of advertising under the Health Disciplines Act .   Justice McLachlin , writing for a unanimous Court , held that the Act violated section 2 ( b ) of the Charter and it could not be saved under section 1 of the Charter . Consequently , the law must be struck down .

neg: Legality of cannabis The legality of cannabis varies from country to country . Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s . However , possession of the plant in small quantities has been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world . For example , cannabis in Canada will be legal for recreational use if legislation is passed in spring 2017 . On 10 December 2013 , Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the sale , cultivation , and distribution of cannabis . Open sales are `` illegal , but not punishable '' , at `` coffeeshops '' in the Netherlands if certain rules are followed . In the United States , federal law prohibits possession or sale of marijuana for any purpose , but the Obama Administration refrained from prosecuting users and dealers operating in compliance with state ( see Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction ) , territory , and Indian reservation laws which permit medical or recreational marijuana .   The medicinal use of cannabis is legal in a number of countries , including Canada , the Czech Republic and Israel . Medical cannabis in the United States is legal in 29 states as of December 2016 .   Some countries have laws which are not as vigorously prosecuted as others , but apart from the countries which offer access to medical marijuana , most countries have penalties ranging from lenient to very severe . Some infractions are taken more seriously in some countries than others in regard to the cultivation , use , possession or transfer of cannabis for recreational use . A few jurisdictions have lessened penalties for possession of small quantities of cannabis , making it punishable by confiscation and a fine , rather than imprisonment . Some jurisdictions/drug courts use mandatory treatment programs for young or frequent users , with freedom from narcotic drugs as the goal and a few jurisdictions permit cannabis use for medicinal purposes . Routine drug tests to detect cannabis are most common in the United States , and have resulted in jail sentences and loss of employment even for medical use . In most European countries , privacy and labor laws prevent such testing for job applicants . Simple possession can carry long jail sentences in some countries , particularly in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia , where the sale of cannabis may lead to life imprisonment or execution .

neg: Lithuanian Canadians Lithuanian Canadians ( Lithuanian : Kanados lietuviai ) are citizens of Canada who are fully or partially of Lithuanian descent . Over two-thirds of Lithuanian Canadians reside in Toronto , with other much smaller populations scattered around most of the Canadian provinces and territories .

neg: Chinatown, Vancouver Chinatown in Vancouver , British Columbia is Canada 's largest Chinatown . Centred on Pender Street , it is surrounded by Gastown and the Downtown Financial and Central Business Districts to the west , the Downtown Eastside to the north , the remnant of old Japantown to the northeast , and the residential neighbourhood of Strathcona to the east . The approximate street borders of Chinatown 's official area as designated by the City of Vancouver are the alley between Pender Street and Hastings , Georgia , Gore , and Taylor Streets , although its unofficial boundaries extend well into the rest of the Downtown Eastside . Main , Pender , and Keefer Streets are the principal areas of commercial activity .   Chinatown remains a popular tourist attraction , and is one of the largest historic Chinatowns in North America . However , it went into decline as newer members of Vancouver 's Cantonese Chinese community dispersed to other areas of the metropolis . It has been more recently overshadowed by the newer Chinese immigrant business district along No. 3 Road in the City of Richmond , which is a municipality of Greater Vancouver . Many affluent Hong Kong and Taiwanese immigrants have moved there since the late 1980s , coinciding with the increase of Chinese-ethnic retail and restaurants in that area . This new area is designated the `` Golden Village '' by the City of Richmond , which met resistance to the proposed renaming of the area to `` Chinatown '' both from merchants in Vancouver 's Chinatown and also from non-Chinese residents and merchants in Richmond itself .   Chinatown was once known for its neon signs but like the rest of the city lost many of the spectacular signs to changing times and a new sign by law passed in 1974 . The last of these was the Ho Ho sign ( which showed a rice bowl and chop sticks ) which was removed in 1997 . Ongoing efforts at revitalization include efforts by the business community to improve safety by hiring private security ; looking at new marketing promotions and introducing residential units into the neighbourhood by restoring and renovating some of the heritage buildings . Current focus is on the restoration and adaptive reuse of the distinctive Association buildings .   Due to the large ethnic Chinese presence in Vancouver -- especially represented by multi-generation Chinese Canadians and first-generation immigrants from Hong Kong -- the city has been referred to as `` Hongcouver '' and `` Vongkong '' ( a term considered derogatory by some Chinese ) .

neg: Australian Canadians Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who reside in Canada . According to the 2011 Census there were 36,350 Canadians who claimed full or partial Australian ancestry .   Both are among the most developed countries and share historical connections , language , similar customs and among others , they also have Elizabeth II as their Head of State as both are also Commonwealth realms .

neg: Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil .   The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .

neg: Jerry London (wrestler) Jerry Linden ( 1929 -- 20 August 1970 ) , or Jerry Atkins , better known by the ring name Jerry London , was a Canadian professional wrestler and former world champion , most notably holding the NWA World Middleweight Championship in 1966 .   A journeyman wrestler , he wrestled throughout the world for various wrestling promotions : Atlantic Grand Prix Wrestling , Capitol Wrestling Corporation , Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre , Florida Championship Wrestling , Georgia Championship Wrestling , Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling , Japan Wrestling Association , Jim Crockett Promotions , Maple Leaf Wrestling , NWA Mid-Pacific Promotions , NWA San Francisco , and NWA Tri-State .   Linden committed suicide on August 20 , 1970 , hours after losing a bout at the Cow Palace in San Francisco , California . His suicide was one of several deaths to occur during the `` Golden Age of Wrestling '' along with Yukon Eric , George Drake and Skull Murphy .

neg: Canada–Latin America relations Canada -- Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America . This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states , plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states , or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States ( OAS ) .   Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization . Culturally , Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European , indigenous American , and immigrant influences . Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking , and since French is a `` Latin '' language , Canada ( or more often Quebec ) is sometimes considered an honorary part of Latin America . However , Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos . For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other . However Canada 's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990 .

neg: Unclaimed Unclaimed is a 2013 Canadian documentary film about a man who claims to be former Special Forces Green Beret Master Sgt. John Hartley Robertson , who was declared dead after being shot down over Laos on a classified mission on 20 May 1968 . The documentary is written , directed , and produced by Michael Jorgensen . It follows Tom Faunce , a veteran of the Vietnam War , in tracking down the man who claimed to be Robertson . Faunce was skeptical of Robertson 's identity but eventually became convinced . He convinced Jorgensen to make a documentary about Robertson 's story as a way to unite the man with his American family .   Leading up to the film 's release , the validity of Robertson 's identity was challenged by groups of Vietnam War veterans and groups that advocate the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue . Jean Robertson-Holley , Robertson 's surviving sister , was convinced the man was her brother but initially declined DNA testing as unnecessary . Eventually she and her daughter ( and Robertson 's niece ) Gail Metcalf expressed openness to going through with testing . The documentary was screened at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival on , 2013 . A day later , The Independent reported the contents of a memo from a 2009 report by the Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office that the man who claimed to be Robertson was actually Dang Tan Ngoc , `` a 76-year-old Vietnamese citizen of French origin who has a history of pretending to be US army veterans '' .

neg: Vince Chong Vincent Chong Ying-Cern ( , born 30 September 1979 ) is a Malaysian Chinese , internationally known by his stage name Vince , is the first reality TV star to issue from Malaysian Akademi Fantasia . Chong is popular as a R&B - inclined singer-songwriter . His popularity increased internationally after he teamed up with Nikki Gil and Alicia Pan to record the theme from High School Musical , Breaking Free ( Asian Version ) .

neg: Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage .   Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community .   It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry .   The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''

neg: LGBT rights in Canada Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Canada are some of the most advanced in the Americas and in the world . During the British North American era , same-sex sexual activity between men was a capital crime and resulted in the death penalty , however , there is no surviving record of any executions and political figures were reluctant to enforce the law . The death penalty was eventually repealed and a broader law involving gross indecency between men was often enforced in the late 19th century . During the early to mid 20th-century , the law often portrayed homosexual men as sex offenders until the infamous court case of Everett George Klippert , who admitted to having sex with multiple men , resulted in his life imprisonment . Same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults was soon decriminalized in 1969 as a result of legislation introduced in 1967 , with then-Justice Minister and Attorney General of Canada Pierre Trudeau ( who eventually became the 15th Prime Minister of Canada ) famously commenting , `` There 's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation . ''   Although same-sex couples began being granted domestic partnerships similar to that of married opposite-sex couples , same-sex marriage was already legalized in eight of ten provinces and one of three territories beginning in 2003 . On July 20 , 2005 , Canada became the first country outside Europe and the fourth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide after the enactment of the Civil Marriage Act . Same-sex adoption has also been legal in all provinces and territories under varying rules . Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment , housing , and public and private accommodations is banned nationwide whilst discrimination on the basis of gender identity and expression vary by province and territory . Transgender people are allowed to change their legal gender in all provinces and territories under varying rules . Under section 159 of the Criminal Code the age of consent for anal sex is currently unequal at 18 for both homosexuals and heterosexuals whilst oral sex and vaginal sex remains at 16 , which has been found discriminatory by many political figures , publications , provincial and federal courts . On November 15 , 2016 , the Minister of Justice , Jody Wilson-Raybould , introduced a bill to repeal section 159 of the Criminal Code .   Canada has frequently been referred to as one of the most gay-friendly countries in the world , with Canada 's largest cities Toronto , Montreal , Vancouver and Ottawa featuring their own gay villages and being named among the most gay-friendly cities in the world . Recent polls have indicated that a large majority of Canadians support same-sex marriage .