query: In 1992, the 1992 Los Angeles riots occurred.

pos: 1992 Los Angeles riots The 1992 Los Angeles riots , also known as the Rodney King riots , the South Central riots , the 1992 Los Angeles civil disturbance , the 1992 Los Angeles civil unrest , and the Los Angeles uprising , were a series of riots , lootings , arsons , and civil disturbances that occurred in Los Angeles County , California in April and May 1992 . The unrest began in South Central Los Angeles on April 29 after a trial jury acquitted four officers of the Los Angeles Police Department of the use of excessive force in the videotaped arrest and beating of Rodney King . It then spread throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area as thousands of people rioted over a six-day period following the announcement of the verdict .   Widespread looting , assault , arson , and killings occurred during the riots , and estimates of property damage were over $ 1 billion . Order was only restored after members of the California Army National Guard , the 7th Infantry Division , and the 1st Marine Division were called in to stop the rioting when local police could not control the situation . In total , 58 people were killed during the riots , more than 2,000 people were injured , and more than 11,000 were arrested . LAPD chief of police Daryl Gates , who had already announced his resignation by the time of the riots , took much of the institutional blame .

neg: 1968 Detroit riot The 1968 Detroit riot was a civil disturbance that occurred between April 4 -- 5 , 1968 in Detroit , Michigan following the assassination of Martin Luther King , Jr. . Less than a year after the violent unrest of 1967 , areas of 12th Street ( present-day Rosa Parks Boulevard ) again erupted in chaos ( simultaneously with 110 other US cities ) following King 's assassination . Michigan Governor George W. Romney ordered the National Guard into Detroit . One person was killed , and gangs tossed objects at cars and smashed storefront windows with three dozen fires being set .

neg: Segregation in Seattle While Seattle is probably the furthest place in the continental United States from where the Civil Rights movement is typically associated , typically the Deep South , segregation and racial prejudices effected the northwest just as much as it did other regions in the United States .   Before World War II Seattle 's population was predominantly Caucasian . After the war Seattle 's population increased by about 100,000 people , from all over the country , causing many neighborhoods and schools to go up in numbers and diversity ) . As the number of people increased so did the need of new school buildings . While Seattle , in the later years -- the 1960s through 1980s -- made strides to accommodate decisions like the Brown vs. Board of Education things like White flight made it difficult to fully integrate schools because of the de facto segregation happening in the communities .   As a result , African-Americans in Seattle were concentrated into one area which was labeled The Central District . It was here that a majority of the black population lived and went to school . In the 1960s , Seattle was home to only nine black schools in The Central District , and almost 100 white schools on outside parts of town . On March 31 and April 1 , 1966 thousands of Seattle Public School students boycotted the Central District in search for equality in the school systems . Many believed that the problems in the schools stemmed from almost 10,000 students being pushed into a limited amount of space . These locations were often underfunded and understaffed which resulted in poor test schools and low graduation rates . The number of protesters soon grew , including thousands of white students , and three public school teachers . The outpouring support for the issue forced the Seattle School Board to grant the public with a real solution to the problem . Today , Seattle recognizes this protest as the Seattle Public Schools Boycott of 1966   Segregation was also found in the Seattle neighborhood hospitals that refused treatment to African Americans . For example , if a black patient wanted treatment at Providence Hospital they would need to pay for a private room . Swedish Medical Center used the statement : `` will not receive Negroes at this time . '' While Virginia Mason Nursing school wrote : `` In regards to our policy , we do not accept Negroes , Japanese , etc. . ''   While de jure segregation enforced by law is no longer practiced , Seattle remains a highly racially segregated city . This is both from the aftermath of legalized segregation and the result of a continued practice of de facto segregation .

neg: Los Angeles Times bombing The Los Angeles Times bombing was the purposeful dynamiting of the Los Angeles Times building in Los Angeles , California , on October 1 , 1910 by a union member belonging to the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers . The explosion started a fire which killed 21 newspaper employees and injured 100 more . It was termed the `` crime of the century '' by the Times .   Brothers John J. ( `` J.J. '' ) and James B. ( `` J.B. '' ) McNamara were arrested in April 1911 for the bombing . Their trial became a cause célèbre for the American labor movement . J.B. admitted to setting the explosive , and was convicted and sentenced to life in prison . J.J. was sentenced to 15 years in prison for bombing a local iron manufacturing plant , and returned to the Iron Workers union as an organizer .

neg: 1967 Detroit riot The 1967 Detroit riot , also known as the 12th Street riot , was a violent public disorder that turned into a civil disturbance in Detroit , Michigan . It began in the early morning hours of Sunday , July 23 , 1967 . The precipitating event was a police raid of an unlicensed , after-hours bar then known as a blind pig , just north of the corner of 12th Street ( today Rosa Parks Boulevard ) and Clairmount Avenue on the city 's Near West Side . Police confrontations with patrons and observers on the street evolved into one of the deadliest and most destructive riots in the history of the United States , lasting five days and surpassing the violence and property destruction of Detroit 's 1943 race riot .   To help end the disturbance , Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan Army National Guard into Detroit , and President Lyndon B. Johnson sent in both the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions . The result was 43 dead , 1,189 injured , over 7,200 arrests , and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed . The scale of the riot was surpassed in the United States only by the 1863 New York City draft riots during the American Civil War , and the 1992 Los Angeles riots . The riot was prominently featured in the news media , with live television coverage , extensive newspaper reporting , and extensive stories in Time and Life magazines . The staff of the Detroit Free Press won the 1968 Pulitzer Prize for general local reporting for its coverage .

neg: Racial violence in Australia Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement , and a level of intertribal rivalry and violence among Indigenous Australians pre-dates the arrival of white settlers from Britain in 1788 .   During the period of British colonisation , various incidents of inter-racial tension and competition for land and resources between Europeans and Indigenous peoples involved violence , becoming a factor in the decline of indigenous populations during the 19th century . Incidents of racial violence between settler communities followed the large scale multi-ethnic immigration of the Australian goldrushes of the mid-19th century - notably white miners targeting Chinese miners - which contributed to the development of the White Australia Policy which preferenced British and `` white '' immigration to Australia for some decades . The policy resulted in a largely racially homogenous population by the mid-20th century .   Australia 's large scale , Post-World War Two , multi-ethnic immigration program has seen Australia develop into one of the most ethnically diverse nations , with relatively little racial violence , and in which incitement to racial violence is a crime . Nevertheless , incidents and examples of violence between the various ethnicities of modern Australia have continued to be attributed to racial motivations up to the present time .

neg: Hate crime A hate crime ( also known as a bias-motivated crime ) is a prejudice-motivated crime , usually violent , which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership ( or perceived membership ) in a certain social group .   Examples of such groups can include and are almost exclusively limited to : sex , ethnicity , disability , language , nationality , physical appearance , religion , gender identity or sexual orientation . Non-criminal actions that are motivated by these reasons are often called `` bias incidents '' .   `` Hate crime '' generally refers to criminal acts which are seen to have been motivated by bias against one or more of the types above , or of their derivatives . Incidents may involve physical assault , damage to property , bullying , harassment , verbal abuse or insults , mate crime or offensive graffiti or letters ( hate mail ) .   A hate crime law is a law intended to deter bias-motivated violence . Hate crime laws are distinct from laws against hate speech : hate crime laws enhance the penalties associated with conduct which is already criminal under other laws , while hate speech laws criminalize a category of speech . Hate speech laws exist in many countries . In the US , hate crime laws have been upheld by both the Supreme Court and lower courts , especially in the case of ` fighting ' words and other violent speech , but they are thought by some people to be in conflict with the first amendment right to freedom of speech , so they have occasionally been overturned as unconstitutional .

neg: True threat A true threat is a threatening communication that can be prosecuted under the law . It is distinct from a threat that is made in jest . The U.S. Supreme Court has held that true threats are not protected under the U.S. Constitution based on three justifications : preventing fear , preventing the disruption that follows from that fear , and diminishing the likelihood that the threatened violence will occur . There is some concern that even satirical speech could be regarded as a `` true threat '' due to concern over terrorism .   The true threat doctrine was established in the 1969 Supreme Court case Watts v. United States . In that case , an eighteen-year-old male was convicted in a Washington , D.C. District Court for violating a statute prohibiting persons from knowingly and willfully making threats to harm or kill the President of the United States . The conviction was based on a statement made by Watts , in which he said , '' -LSB- i -RSB- f they ever make me carry a rifle the first man I want to get in my sights is L.B.J. '' Watts appealed , leading to the Supreme Court finding the statute constitutional on its face , but reversing the conviction of Watts .   In reviewing the lower court 's analysis of the case , the Court noted that `` a threat must be distinguished from what is constitutionally protected speech . '' The Court recognized that `` uninhibited , robust , and wideopen '' political debate can at times be characterized by `` vehement , caustic , and sometimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials . '' In light of the context of Watts ' statement - and the laughter that it received from the crowd - the Court found that it was more `` a kind of very crude offensive method of stating a political opposition to the President '' than a `` true threat . '' In so holding , the Court established that there is a `` true threat '' exception to protected speech , but also that the statement must be viewed in its context and distinguished from protected hyperbole . The opinion , however , stopped short of defining precisely what constituted a `` true threat . ''

neg: Ferguson effect The Ferguson effect is the idea that increased scrutiny of police following the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson , Missouri has led to an increased crime rate ( or sometimes increased murder rate ) in major U.S. cities . The mechanism usually suggested is that police have less vigorous enforcement in situations that might lead to backlash , though other mechanisms are suggested . The term was coined by Doyle Sam Dotson III , the chief of the St. Louis police , to account for an increased murder rate in some U.S. cities following the Ferguson unrest .   The concept has been criticized by some academics and politicians as being inaccurate or non-existent , including former President Barack Obama .

neg: 12-3 incident The 12-3 incident , known in Portugal as the 1-2-3 Riot ( Motim 1-2-3 ) , refers to a riot in Macau that happened on December 3 , 1966 , inspired by the Cultural Revolution in the People 's Republic of China . The incident is often referred to as `` 12-3 '' , with reference to the date of the riots .

neg: Louis O. Giuffrida Louis Onorato Giuffrida ( October 2 , 1920 -- November 20 , 2012 ) was the Ronald Reagan administration 's first director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency from 1981 to 1985 .   Giuffrida graduated from the University of Connecticut ( B.A. ) and Boston University ( M.A. ) .   He had a lengthy career in the U.S. Army , attaining the rank of colonel in 1968 .   As originally reported by Alfonso Chardy in a newspaper article in the Miami Herald , July 5 , 1987 , at the US Army War College , Giuffrida wrote a thesis outlining a military plan for the forcible relocation of millions of black Americans to concentration camps in the event of a national emergency involving racial strife . This is debatable as the thesis referenced below states it would take 14 years to relocate them forcibly . The thesis appears to refer to 500K self-described militants ( see page 38 ) being relocated . On page 41 , he appears to question whether this is even realistic . Much of the thesis appears to be devoted to the history of racism and concludes that the treatment of blacks in the army offers a positive example to society ( see pages 1 and 47 ) Prior to September 2014 the Miami Herald article was the only publication to share details about Giuffrida 's thesis .   In 1971 he left the Army and organized the California Specialized Training Institute for then California Governor Reagan . The institute trained state employees in emergency management and police in counter-terrorism activities . . It was during this time that Giuffrida became friends with Edwin Meese .   He also served as an advisor on terrorism , emergency management , and other special topics for Governor Reagan . He was eventually promoted to the rank of general in the California Militia -LSB- see Title 32 U.S. Code -RSB- . Giuffrida was confirmed on May 18 , 1981 . At the time of his nomination Giuffrida was president of the Specialized Management Services Co. and director of the California Specialized Training Institute .   During his tenure at FEMA , Giuffrida developed much of FEMA 's civil defense programs , including Continuity of Government .   Giuffrida was eventually forced out of the agency in 1985 after a Congressional investigation alleged that he spent government money to build a private residence at FEMA 's Emergency Management Institute in Emmitsburg , Maryland as well as mismanagement and fraud .

neg: Legislative violence Legislative violence broadly refers to any violent clashes between members of a legislature , often physically inside the legislature and triggered by divisive issues and tight votes . Such clashes have occurred in many countries across time , and notable incidents still regularly occur .   Although the sight of brawling politicians is incongruous with a legislature 's stately image , its occupants , like in any other workplace , are still prone to stress and anger . The confrontational nature of politics and the high stakes often add to the simmering tensions .

neg: Newhall incident The Newhall incident , also called the `` Newhall massacre '' , was a shootout between two heavily armed criminals and officers of the California Highway Patrol ( CHP ) in the Newhall unincorporated area of Los Angeles County , California on April 5 , 1970 . In less than 5 minutes , four CHP officers were killed in what was at the time the deadliest day in the history of California law enforcement .   At approximately 11:55 p.m. ( UTC-8 ) , CHP officers Walt Frago and Roger Gore conducted a traffic stop of Bobby Davis and Jack Twinning in conjunction with an incident involving the pair that had been reported to the CHP minutes earlier . After stopping in a restaurant parking lot and initially cooperating with the officers , Twinning and Davis opened fire and killed both officers . Minutes later , Officers George Alleyn and James Pence arrived on the scene and engaged Twinning and Davis in a shootout . A passerby picked up one of the officers ' weapons and opened fire on the perpetrators ; however , the three were outgunned , and both Alleyn and Pence suffered fatal injuries while the passerby ran out of ammunition and took cover in a ditch . A third CHP patrol car arrived on the scene and the lone officer inside briefly exchanged gunfire with the perpetrators , but they were able to flee the scene .   Over three hours later , after stealing a vehicle and exchanging gunfire with its owner , Davis attempted to flee the area ; however , he was spotted by police and arrested . Meanwhile , Twinning broke into a house and took one of its occupants hostage . The house was surrounded by deputies of the Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department and at approximately 9 a.m. , he released the hostage and committed suicide when the deputies entered the house . Davis was sentenced to death but had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole in 1973 . He killed himself at Kern Valley State Prison in 2009 .   The Newhall incident resulted in a number of changes at the CHP , including procedural changes in arresting high risk suspects and standardization of firearms and firearms training used across the department .

neg: Shooting of Laquan McDonald The shooting of Laquan McDonald took place on October 20 , 2014 , in Chicago , Illinois . McDonald , in possession of a 3-inch folding knife , was shot by former Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke from approximately ten feet ( 3 m ) away . After investigation , Officer Van Dyke was charged in November 2015 with first-degree murder and initially held without bail at the Cook County Jail . He was released on bail on November 30 . The city reached a settlement with McDonald 's family .   Subsequent protests denounced McDonald 's death and demanded changes in police and judicial procedure , and for the dismissal or resignation of city and county officials . Cook 's County State Attorney Anita Alvarez lost her bid for re-election in 2016 , but Rahm Emanuel won a second term in 2015 as Mayor of Chicago .   At the request of Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan , the United States Department of Justice initiated a civil rights investigation into McDonald 's death and the activities of the Chicago Police Department . It released its report in January 2017 , describing the police as having a culture of `` excessive violence , '' especially against minority suspects , and of having poor training and supervision . DOJ and city officials have signed an agreement for a plan for improvement to be overseen by the courts .

neg: An American Mosque __ NOTOC __  An American Mosque is a 2012 documentary produced by filmmaker David Washburn which first aired nationwide in the United States on July 11 , 2015 on PBS . It tells the story of the destruction by arson of a just-completed mosque , the Islamic Center of Yuba City , in rural California in 1994 . And it tells of its community and of its eventual rebuilding by Muslims joined by Sikhs , Mormons , other Christians and others of different faiths .   BeliefNet called it `` a poignant story of hope and solidarity , in spite of hate , '' and suggested it gives a `` raw , yet honest reflection of life as a Muslim in America . ''   The arson was the first hate-crime destroying a mosque in U.S. history . The Islamic Center had just been completed at an estimated cost of $ 1.8 million plus sweat equity of the Muslims of its rural community , including descendants of Pakistani who immigrated to the area 1902 . A fire marshal established that the blaze was started deliberately . Law enforcement reportedly were able to identify the probable perpetrator ( s ) of the crime but lacked sufficient evidence to name and prosecute them .   The incident , seven years before 9/11 , attracted relatively little attention at the time , and this is suggested to have contributed to the failure of law enforcement to solve the crime . The documentary includes interviews of Muslim members of the mosque , law enforcement officers , and others in the community 20 years later .   The replacement mosque was completed in 2000 .   IMDB describes the film succinctly as :   The film was to be screened and discussed at `` Neighbor to Neighbor '' , an East Bay partnership of Christian , Muslim and Jewish organizations , in an event including filmmaker Washburn . The artist promoting the event noted that Washburn considered gatherings like that to be important for being proactive rather than reactive : `` Although recent events like the terrorist killings in Paris and ongoing extremism by groups like ISIS , Boko Haram and al-Qaida cast dark shadows , Washburn said -LSB- by -RSB- reflecting on Islam in America , the focus of his documentary , the program will create a safe space where fears and frustrations can be shared . '' Washburn has elsewhere spoken of the timeliness of the film .   The film premiered on TV on PBS TV in New York City in June 2014 .

neg: Survive AIDS Survive AIDS is the group formerly known as ACT UP/Golden Gate . In 1990 , the ACT UP chapter in San Francisco split into two chapters , the San Francisco chapter and the Golden Gate chapter . The catalyst for this was over decision-making processes , although it also involved many larger issues . According to ACT UP/Golden Gate , `` ACT UP Golden Gate concentrated on issues involving treatment and treatment access while ACT UP San Francisco focused on broader social issues involving public policy and politics . Over the next several years the two ACT UP chapters worked separately and together on local and national AIDS issues . '' But in 1994 , the two organizations stopped working together , and they grew further apart .   The AIDS Survival project writes , `` By the late '90s , ACT UP San Francisco developed a very different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment and began to align itself with groups that believe HIV does not cause AIDS and that it is the use of anti-HIV medications which make people get sick and die . ACT UP San Francisco members are now called ` AIDS dissidents ' because of views like these : antiretroviral drugs are harmful ; safer sex is unnecessary ; animal testing of medical therapies is unethical ; HIV is not the cause of AIDS . ''   In 2000 , ACT UP/Golden Gate changed its name to Survive AIDS , to disavow any connection with ACT UP San Francisco . In their March 21 , 2000 statement , they wrote : `` Over time ACT UP San Francisco became controlled by individuals who had a different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment . This in itself was not a problem . The problem was that any one who disagreed with them on this one issue was shouted down , intimidated and driven out of the group . Long term members , seeing the original ACT UP mission and philosophy destroyed , were forced out of the group in disgust . The statement read , in part , `` This new ACT UP San Francisco chapter harassed and stalked members of the AIDS community who disagreed with them about AIDS treatment strategy , first locally , then at national AIDS events . As time went on their tactics became more violent , culminating in physical assaults , which runs counter to the ACT UP philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience . ''

neg: Reactions to the 2005 French riots The 2005 French riots led to a domestic and international response .

neg: 1981 England riots In 1981 , England suffered serious riots across many major cities . They were perceived as race riots between communities , in all cases the main motives for the riots were related to racial tension and inner city deprivation . The riots were caused by a distrust of the police and authority . The four main riots that occurred were the Brixton riot in London , the Handsworth riots in Birmingham , the Chapeltown riot in Leeds and the Toxteth riots in Liverpool .

neg: December 2001 riots in Argentina The December 2001 uprising was a period of civil unrest and rioting in Argentina , which took place during December 2001 , with the most violent incidents taking place on December 19 and December 20 in the capital , Buenos Aires , Rosario and other large cities around the country .

neg: Second International Islamic Unity Conference From August 2 through the 4th , 1996 , some 7,000 attendees and over 125 speakers from around the globe attended a three-day marathon of lectures , parallel workshop sessions , prayer , praise of Muhammad and Islamic social interaction . Officially known as the International Islamic Unity Conference , it started off with a press session on Friday morning and ended with a parade through downtown Los Angeles on Sunday evening . Attendees praised the organizers for an excellent , though intense schedule of speeches by muftis , Islamic scholars , international political leaders , American political figures and an array of interfaith events .   Chaired by Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani , the conference was sponsored by As-Sunnah Foundation of America , the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order and by a number of other charitable and religious organizations .   Many felt the conference organization was exemplary , the facilities at the Los Angeles ' Westin Bonaventure Hotel excellent and the wide variety of cultural food and Islamic entertainment very apropos for such an international event . The many San Francisco Bay Area attendees were happy to find a number of prominent local Islamic activists featured , as well as those from national ISNA , IQRA , MPAC and other national Islamic organizations well represented .   The spirit of unity was especially apparent at the `` Peace in the Streets '' session , where about 20 former gang leaders , along with the popular rap star MC Hammer , took shahada with Shaykh Nazim al-Qubrusi , Grand-mufti of Cyprus and worldwide leader of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order .   Attendees were treated to sessions on politics , importance of schools of thought , purification of the heart , establishing Islamic economic power , educational curriculum initiative and many other subjects , discussed from the main podium as well as in intimate workshops where speakers and attendees were able to express their views . A major event occurred on Saturday night , with the launching of the International Day of the Orphan , which is expected , given the sponsorship of California 's Assembly , and endorsement by a number of international organizations , to become a globally sponsored day for recalling the plight of orphans and children in difficulty .

neg: Black Power movement The Black Power movement was a political movement to achieve a form of Black Power and the many philosophies it contains . The movement saw various forms of activism some violent and some peaceful , all hoping to achieve black empowerment . The Black Power movement also represented socialist movements , all with the general motivation of improving the standing of black people in society . Originated during the Civil Rights Movement , some doubted the philosophy of the movement begging for more radical action , taking influences from Malcolm X . The cornerstone of the movement was the Black Panther Party , a Black Power organization dedicated to socialism and the use of violence to achieve it . The Black Power movement developed in the criticisms of the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s , and over time and into the 1970s , the movement grew and became more violent . After years of violence , many left the movement and the police began arresting violent actors in the movement . The Black Power movement also spilled out into the Caribbean creating the Black Power Revolution .   Motivated by principles of community control , Black Power activists founded scores of institutions and services , including black-owned bookstores , food cooperatives , farms , media , printing presses , schools , clinics , and ambulance services .


query: Snowpiercer is a film that is on many critic's top ten cinematic film list.

pos: Snowpiercer Snowpiercer ( hangul : 설국열차 ; hanja : 雪國列車 ; RR : Seolgungnyeolcha ) is a 2013 English-language South Korean-Czech science fiction thriller film based on the French graphic novel Le Transperceneige by Jacques Lob , Benjamin Legrand and Jean-Marc Rochette . The film is directed by Bong Joon-ho , and written by Bong and Kelly Masterson . The film marks Bong 's English-language debut ; approximately 80 % of the film was shot in English .   The film stars Chris Evans , Song Kang-ho , Tilda Swinton , Jamie Bell , Octavia Spencer , Go Ah-sung , John Hurt , and Ed Harris . The movie takes place aboard the globe-spanning Snowpiercer train which holds the last remnants of humanity after an attempt at climate engineering in order to stop global warming has unintentionally created a new ice age . Evans stars as Curtis Everett , a member of the lower-class tail section passengers as they lead a revolution against the elite of the front of the train . Filming was done on train car sets mounted on gimbals at Barrandov Studios in Prague to simulate the motion of the train .   Snowpiercer was well received by critics , and appeared on many film critics ' top ten film lists of 2014 following its international release . Praise was primarily directed towards its vision , direction , and performances , particularly Evans 's and Swinton 's . Initially planned for a limited-screen showing in the United States , the critical response to the film prompted The Weinstein Company to expand the showing to more theaters and through digital streaming services . Produced at a budget of $ 40 million , it remains as the most expensive Korean production ever .

neg: Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 .   Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) .   Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .

neg: Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs .   Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Classical Hollywood cinema Classical Hollywood cinema , classical Hollywood narrative , and classical continuity are terms used in film criticism which designate both a narrative and visual style of film-making which developed in and characterized US American cinema between 1917 and the early 1960s and eventually became the most powerful and pervasive style of film-making worldwide .

neg: Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor .   Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios .   In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever .   Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide .   Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole .   Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected .   In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie .   Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 .   Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .

neg: Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women .   After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' .   Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music .   Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .

neg: Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film The Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film is one of the annual awards given by the Toronto Film Critics Association .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: 10th Saturn Awards The 10th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film in 1982 , were held on July 30 , 1983 .

neg: 2013 Deauville American Film Festival The 39th Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from August 30 to September 8 , 2013 . Steven Soderbergh 's drama film Behind the Candelabra served as the opening night film . Snowpiercer by Bong Joon-ho was the closing night film of the festival . The Grand Prix was awarded to Night Moves by Kelly Reichardt .   Complete lineup for the festival was announced on July 19 , 2013 , including episodes from Television shows for the Television section at the festival . Electronic music duo Justice was given Carte blanche section to show nine of their favourite American films to the festival audience . The festival paid tribute to Cate Blanchett , Nicolas Cage , Larry Clark , Gale Anne Hurd and John Travolta and hosted retrospective of their films . The festival honoured American actor , singer , dancer , and comedian Danny Kaye with Deauville Legend award .

neg: 2010 Sundance Film Festival The 26th annual Sundance Film Festival was held from January 21 , 2010 until January 31 , 2010 in Park City , Utah .

neg: List of films based on magazine articles This is a list of films based on non-fiction articles published in periodicals such as magazines or newspapers . See also List of films based on short fiction .  Adaptation . - `` The Orchid Thief '' , The New Yorker , January 23 , 1995 - Susan Orlean  Almost Famous - `` The Allman Brothers Story '' , Rolling Stone , December 6 , 1973 - Cameron Crowe  American Gangster - `` The Return of Superfly '' , New York , August 14 , 2000 - Mark Jacobson  Argo - `` How the CIA Used a Fake Sci-Fi Flick to Rescue Americans From Tehran '' , Wired , April 2007 Joshuah Bearman  Bigger Than Life - `` Ten Feet Tall '' , The New Yorker , September 10 , 1955 - Berton Roueche  Biker Boyz - `` Biker Boyz '' , New Times Los Angeles , April 2000 , Michael Gougis  The Bling Ring - `` The Suspects Wore Louboutins '' , Vanity Fair , March 2010 - Nancy Jo Sales  Blue Crush - `` Life 's Swell '' , Women Outside , September 1998 - Susan Orlean  Boogie Nights - `` The Devil and John Holmes '' , Rolling Stone , May 1989 - Mike Sager  City by the Sea - `` Mark of a Murderer '' , Esquire , September 1997 - Michael McAlary  Coyote Ugly - `` The Muse of the Coyote Ugly Saloon '' , GQ , March 1997 - Elizabeth Gilbert  Dog Day Afternoon - `` The Boys in the Bank '' , Life , September 22 , 1972 - P. F. Kluge  The Fast and the Furious - `` Racer X '' , Vibe , May 1998 - Ken Li  Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas - `` Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas '' , Rolling Stone , November 11 & November 25 , 1971 - Hunter S. Thompson  In Cold Blood - `` In Cold Blood : The Last to See Them Alive '' ' The New Yorker , September 25 , 1965 - Truman Capote  The Insider - `` The Man Who Knew Too Much '' , Vanity Fair , May 1996 - Marie Brenner  Into the Wild - `` Death of an Innocent '' , Outside , January 1993 - Jon Krakauer  The Killing Fields - `` The Death and Life of Dith Pran '' , The New York Times Magazine , January 20 , 1980 - Sydney Schanberg  Ladybug Ladybug - `` They Thought the War Was On '' , McCall 's , April 1963 - Lois Dickert  Live Free or Die Hard - `` A Farewell to Arms '' , Wired , May 1997 - John Carlin  Perfect -- Series of articles in Rolling Stone - Aaron Latham  Proof of Life - `` Adventures in the Ransom Trade '' Vanity Fair , May 1998 - William Prochnau  Pushing Tin - `` Something 's Got to Give '' , The New York Times Magazine , March 24 , 1996 - Darcy Frey  Radio - `` Someone to Lean On '' , Sports Illustrated , December 16 , 1996 - Gary Smith  Saturday Night Fever - `` Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night '' , New York , June 7 , 1976 - Nik Cohn  Shattered Glass - Vanity Fair , September 1998 - Buzz Bissinger  Top Gun - `` Top Guns '' , California , May 1983 - Ehud Yonay  Urban Cowboy - `` The Ballad of the Urban Cowboy : America 's Search for True Grit '' , Esquire , September 12 , 1978 - Aaron Latham  `` War Dogs ( 2016 film ) '' - `` The Stoner Arms Dealers : How Two American Kids Became Big-Time Weapons Traders '' , `` Rolling Stone '' , March 16 , 2011 - Guy Lawson

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: The Last Winter (2006 film) The Last Winter is a 2006 thriller film directed by Larry Fessenden . The Last Winter premiered in The Contemporary World Cinema Programme at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival on September 11 , 2006 . The script for the film originally featured a more woodsy Alaska with pine trees and it was after a research trip to Prudhoe Bay that they discovered the harsh flat conditions that ultimately ended up in the film .

neg: AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills is a list of the top 100 most exciting , action-packed , suspenseful or frightening movies in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 12 , 2001 , during a CBS special hosted by Harrison Ford .   Nine Alfred Hitchcock films made the list , making him the most represented director .

neg: St. Louis International Film Festival The St. Louis International Film Festival ( also known as SLIFF or Cinema St. Louis ) is an annual film festival in St. Louis , Missouri , which has been running since 1992 . The coordinating organization changed its name to `` Cinema St. Louis '' in 2003 . The festival screens approximately 300 films over a period of 10 days during November .

neg: Snow (1963 film) Snow is a short documentary film made by Geoffrey Jones for British Transport Films in 1962-1963 . The 8-minute-long film shows the efforts of British Railways staff in coping with the 1963 United Kingdom cold wave .  An example of `` pure cinema '' , it was nominated for an Academy Award in 1965 .   The film had its origins in primary research for a documentary about the British Railways Board . Jones ' test research coincided with one of the coldest winters on record , and Jones approached BTF producer Edgar Anstey with the idea to contrast the comfort of the passengers with the efforts of the railway workmen in keeping trains going in the frozen conditions . Work began on the documentary straight after gaining approval , and Jones and cameraman Wolfgang Suschitzky travelled around the country filming scenes for the rest of the winter .   The film was edited to a re-recorded version of Sandy Nelson 's `` Teen Beat '' by Johnny Hawksworth , expanded to twice its original length by accelerating the tempo over the duration of the film . BBC Radiophonic Workshop composer Daphne Oram then added various effects to the soundtrack .

neg: Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. .   Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. .   Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .

neg: Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' .   Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .


query: John Mayer long ago gave up on his dream of being a musician.

pos: John Mayer John Clayton Mayer ( -LSB- ˈmeɪ.ɚ -RSB- born October 16 , 1977 ) is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , and producer . He was born in Bridgeport , Connecticut , and raised in nearby Fairfield . He attended Berklee College of Music in Boston , but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in 1997 with Clay Cook . Together , they formed a short-lived two-man band called Lo-Fi Masters . After their split , Mayer continued to play local clubs -- refining his skills and gaining a following . After his appearance at the 2001 South by Southwest Festival , he was signed to Aware Records , and then Columbia Records , which released his first EP , Inside Wants Out . His following two full-length albums -- Room for Squares ( 2001 ) and Heavier Things ( 2003 ) -- did well commercially , achieving multi-platinum status . In 2003 , he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the single `` Your Body Is a Wonderland '' .   Though Mayer started his career mainly performing acoustic rock , he began moving towards the blues genre that had originally influenced him as a musician . By 2005 , he was collaborating with blues artists such as B. B. King , Buddy Guy , and Eric Clapton . Forming the John Mayer Trio , he released a live album in 2005 called Try ! , and his third studio album Continuum in 2006 . Both albums received wide critical acclaim , and Continuum earned Mayer a 2007 Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album . He also won Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for `` Waiting on the World to Change '' . That album was followed by Battle Studies in 2009 , a return to pop , with a number-one grossing tour .   After having several controversial incidents with the media , Mayer withdrew from public life in 2010 and began work on a follow-up album , called Born and Raised , that would draw inspiration from the 1970s pop music of Laurel Canyon . However , the discovery of a granuloma on his vocal cords delayed the release of the album until May 2012 , and ultimately forced him to cancel the planned tour . Even so , the album enjoyed a generally favorable reception , though was less commercially successful than his previous work . After extensive treatments for his vocal problems -- and a two-year hiatus -- Mayer began performing as a singer again in January 2013 , and that year released the album , Paradise Valley . The album is named for where he lives in Montana and features country music influences . By 2014 , he had sold a total of over 20 million albums worldwide . After developing an interest in the Grateful Dead and connecting with Bob Weir , Mayer formed Dead & Company with three former Grateful Dead musicians . After two well-received tours in the fall of 2015 and summer of 2016 , the band has already committed to another tour for the summer of 2017 .   Mayer 's secondary career pursuits extend to television hosting , comedy , and writing ; he has authored columns for magazines such as Esquire . He supports various causes and has performed at charity benefits . He is a watch aficionado ( with a collection he values in the `` tens of millions '' of dollars ) , and has been on the jury at the Grand Prix d'Horlogerie de Genève . He currently lives in Montana . His latest song is `` Love on the Weekend '' .

neg: Robert Mayer (philanthropist) Sir Robert Mayer ( 5 June 1879 -- 9 January 1985 ) was a German-born philanthropist , businessman , and a major supporter of music and young musicians .

neg: Johnny Long (musician) Johnny Long ( September 12 , 1914 ( disputed ) -- October 31 , 1972 ) was an American violinist and bandleader , known as `` The Man Who 's Long on Music '' . He was raised on a farm in Newell , North Carolina , currently a subdivision of Charlotte . He started practicing with the violin at the age of six , but injured two fingers on his left hand when he was bitten by a pig . He then learned to use his right hand to play the violin , and continued to do so until his death .

neg: John Farrar John Clifford Farrar ( -LSB- ˈfɑːrər -RSB- ; born 8 November 1945 ) is an Australian-born music producer , songwriter , arranger , singer and guitarist . As a musician , Farrar is a former member of several rock and roll groups including The Mustangs ( 1963 -- 64 ) , The Strangers ( 1964 -- 70 ) , Marvin , Welch & Farrar ( 1970 -- 73 ) , and The Shadows ( 1973 -- 76 ) ; in 1980 he released a solo eponymous album . As a songwriter and producer he worked with Olivia Newton-John from 1971 to 1989 . He wrote her number-one hit singles : `` Have You Never Been Mellow '' ( 1975 ) , `` You 're the One That I Want '' ( 1978 duet with John Travolta ) , `` Hopelessly Devoted to You '' ( 1978 ) , and `` Magic '' ( 1980 ) . He also produced the majority of her recorded material during that time including her number-one albums , If You Love Me , Let Me Know ( 1974 ) , Have You Never Been Mellow ( 1975 ) and Olivia 's Greatest Hits Vol . 2 ( 1982 ) ; and he was a co-producer of Grease ( 1978 ) -- the soundtrack for the film of the same name . Farrar also produced Newton-John 's first United States number-one hit single , `` I Honestly Love You '' , which was awarded the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1975 . In 1969 Farrar married fellow Australian singer , Pat Carroll -- formerly Newton-John 's singing partner . In July 1970 Farrar and Carroll relocated to the United Kingdom and from late 1975 they have resided in the US . They are the parents of Sam Farrar ( Phantom Planet bassist and Maroon 5 touring member ) and Max Farrar ( Golden Ghost guitarist and keyboardist ) .

neg: Sheet music Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ) , rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece . Like its analogs -- printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages -- the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ) , although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , `` play back '' the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments .   Use of the term `` sheet '' is intended to differentiate written or printed forms of music from sound recordings ( on vinyl record , cassette , CD ) , radio or TV broadcasts or recorded live performances , which may capture film or video footage of the performance as well as the audio component . In everyday use , `` sheet music '' ( or simply `` music '' ) can refer to the print publication of commercial sheet music in conjunction with the release of a new film , TV show , record album , or other special or popular event which involves music . The first printed sheet music made with a printing press was made in 1473 .   Sheet music is the basic form in which Western classical music is notated so that it can be learned and performed by solo singers or instrumentalists or musical ensembles . Many forms of traditional and popular Western music are commonly learned by singers and musicians `` by ear '' , rather than by using sheet music ( although in many cases , traditional and pop music may also be available in sheet music form ) .   `` Score '' is a common alternative ( and more generic ) term for sheet music , and there are several types of scores , as discussed below . The term `` score '' can also refer to theatre music , orchestral music or songs written for a play , musical , opera or ballet , or to music or songs written for a television programme or film ; for the last of these , see Film score .

neg: Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) .   In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . ''   The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries .   Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show .   In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .

neg: Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO .   The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe .   Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success .   In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print .   The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business .   There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .

neg: Tempo In musical terminology , tempo -LSB- ˈtɛmpo -RSB- ( `` time '' in Italian ; plural : tempi -LSB- ˈtɛmpi -RSB- ) is the speed or pace of a given piece or subsection thereof , how fast or slow . Tempo is related to metre and is usually measured by beats per minute , with the beats being a division of the bars , though tempo is often indicated by terms which have acquired standard ranges of beats per minute or assumed by convention without indication . Tempo may be separated from articulation , or articulation may be indicated along with tempo , and tempo contributes to the overall texture . While the ability to hold a steady tempo is a desirable skill , tempo is changeable , and often indicated by a conductor or drummer . While practicing , an electronic or mechanical device , a metronome , may indicate the tempo , as one usually works one 's way up to being able to perform at the proper tempo . In other words , it is the speed at which a passage of music is or should be played .

neg: List of compositions by Percy Grainger The published musical compositions of Percy Grainger ( 1882 -- 1961 ) fall into two main categories ; ( a ) original works and ( b ) folksong settings . There are also numerous unpublished works , sketches and juvenilia . Grainger 's compositional career lasted for more than half a century , from the end of the 19th century until the middle 1950s . Works tended to be written concurrently , and were often developed over very long periods of time -- in some cases extending to several decades -- before eventual publication . Many of the compositions exist in a number of different versions , some of which refer to `` elastic scoring '' , a means which permits performances by undefined musical forces ranging from small instrumental groups to full orchestra .   Publication dates refer to the first publications of individual works , although Grainger often continued to revise and prepare new versions of works long after their initial publication . The lists below do not represent a full record of Grainger 's compositional work . Grainger 's biographer John Bird has referred to the near-impossibility of cataloguing all of the composer 's work , bearing in mind that '' -LSB- h -RSB- is original compositions are scattered to the four corners of the earth '' . In the mid-1970s the Grainger Museum in Melbourne began the work of rationalising and cataloguing its large collection of Grainger manuscripts , and published its initial results in 1978 . Grainger also made many arrangements of other composers ' works , which are not listed here .

neg: Piano bar A piano bar ( also known as a piano lounge ) consists of a piano or electronic keyboard played by a professional musician , located in a cocktail lounge , bar , hotel lobby , office building lobby , restaurant , or on a cruise ship . Usually the pianist receives a small salary plus tips in a jar or basket on or near the piano , especially from patrons requesting a song traditionally written on a beverage napkin . Some piano bars feature a baby grand or grand piano surrounded by stools for patrons ( or , somewhat humorously , an upright piano covered by a counter that makes it appear to be a grand piano ) . Others have a bar surrounding the piano or keyboard .   Jimmy Durante started as a piano bar player , as did Billy Joel . Joel 's classic hit `` Piano Man '' is based on his experiences as a piano bar player . Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli also played in piano bars to pay for singing lessons .   Theatre historian John Kenrick describes the piano bar as follows :  A piano bar is a hybrid creature : part performance space , part living room , part cruise-a-thon , and part saloon . The bar is there to sell drinks , the pianist is there to perform , and the crowd is there to sing , listen , drink and socialize . All of this means that it 's impossible to predict what a given evening 's chemistry will be , even if most of the people on hand are regular customers ... . While every factor counts , the most important issue is the person at the piano . The pianist determines the type of music , the style of performance , and the general tone of the evening ... . The experienced piano bar player knows how to take genial control of most any situation and generally keep the party going .   The American minimalist composer Terry Riley , who worked as a cocktail pianist when younger , later offered this `` religious '' view of the profession :  Having worked for years as a lounge lizard , I was smitten with the insight that the cocktail pianist is signaled out to conduct his ritual of group urban chanting on the themes of love and existence -- a kind of medicine man at the ever-present altaric piano , surrounded by his boozy tribe sipping sacraments in the circle of our common misery .   The Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs presents annually several awards , MAC Awards , for piano bar performers : Piano Bar Instrumentalist , Restaurant/Hotel Lounge Instrumentalist , Piano Bar/Restaurant Singing Entertainer -- male and female .

neg: 35th GMA Dove Awards The 35th Annual GMA Music Awards ( the show had a name change in 2004-05 ) were held on April 28 , 2004 recognizing accomplishments of musicians for the year 2003 . The show was held at the Municipal Auditorium in Nashville , Tennessee , and was hosted by Deion Sanders and Yolanda Adams .   Nominations were announced months earlier by Steven Curtis Chapman and Toby McKeehan .   The event was transmitted live to theaters in 50 cities as part of Regal Entertainment Group `` One Night Only '' event . The livecast was shown at Regal Cinemas , United Artists Theatres , and Edwards Theatres . There was no delayed television broadcast , as part of a controversial move by broadcast rights holder United Paramount Network , scorned by Sanders for leaving CBS ' The NFL Today ( UPN owned CBS ) in favour of Disney 's NFL Countdown in the weeks between the awards ceremony and broadcast date , cancelled the television broadcast . This move was similar to a 1989 incident on CBS ' 60 Minutes when a story on Richard Petty intending to air on the show in the weeks before the Daytona 500 was cancelled following reporter Diane Sawyer 's defection to ABC . ( That story was later edited and rewritten with Harry Reasoner the following season . )   The ceremony was eventually broadcast in December 2004 on Pax ( now Ion Television ) .   MercyMe won Artist of the Year , plus two other awards , while Jeremy Camp was awarded New Artist of the Year .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: The Doors (album) The Doors is the debut album by the American rock band the Doors , released on January 4 , 1967 . The album features their breakthrough single `` Light My Fire '' and the lengthy song `` The End '' with its Oedipal spoken word section .   The Doors was not only one of the albums to have been most central to the progression of psychedelic rock , but is also one of the most acclaimed recordings in all of popular music . In 2012 , it was ranked number 42 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 greatest albums of all time .   The original album has sold 20 million copies , and has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame ; `` Light My Fire '' was also inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . It has been reissued several times on CD , including a 2007 remaster and a 2017 `` 50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition . ''   In 2015 , the Library of Congress selected The Doors for inclusion in the National Recording Registry based on its cultural , artistic or historical significance .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Blink-182 Blink-182 ( often stylized as blink-182 ; pronounced `` blink one eighty two '' ) is an American rock band formed in Poway , California in 1992 . The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus , drummer Travis Barker , and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . Founded by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge , bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor , the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor . Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action ; in response , the band appended the meaningless number '' -182 '' .   In its early years , Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band 's debut , Cheshire Cat ( 1995 ) . The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album , Dude Ranch ( 1997 ) . Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker . The group 's next two releases , Enema of the State ( 1999 ) and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket ( 2001 ) , were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay . The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group . DeLonge quit in 2005 , sending the band into what was termed an `` indefinite hiatus '' . They reunited in 2009 , producing the trio 's sixth album , Neighborhoods ( 2011 ) . In 2015 , DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . The band 's seventh studio album , California , was released on July 1 , 2016 .   Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk ; the band 's combination of pop melodies with fast-paced punk rock featured a more radio-friendly accessibility than prior bands . The trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States , and over 50 million albums worldwide . In 2011 , The New York Times asserted , `` no punk band of the 1990s has been more influential than Blink-182 , '' and even as the band receded after its 2005 split , `` its sound and style could be heard in the muscular pop punk of Fall Out Boy or in the current wave of high-gloss Warped Tour punk bands , like All Time Low and The Maine . ''

neg: Big Daddy (album) Big Daddy is the tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter John Mellencamp , released in 1989 by Mercury Records . It was his last album to be released under the name John Cougar Mellencamp , a combination of his real name and his original stage name of Johnny Cougar . The album peaked at number seven on the Billboard 200 and contained the singles `` Pop Singer '' and `` Jackie Brown , '' which peaked at No. 15 and 48 , respectively , on the Billboard Hot 100 . A re-mastered version of the album was released on May 24 , 2005 , and contains a bonus acoustic version of `` Jackie Brown . '' Like The Lonesome Jubilee , Big Daddy is folk-inspired as violins and fiddles ( among other instruments ) are significantly utilized on a number of tracks . The album 's lyrics largely take a serious tone and the album as a whole is regarded by some as Mellencamp 's most reflective .   In 1991 , Mellencamp said : '' ` Big Daddy ' was the best record I ever made . Out of my agony came a couple of really beautiful songs . You ca n't be 22 years old and had two dates and understand that album . ''

neg: Dr. John Malcolm John `` Mac '' Rebennack ( born November 21 , 1940 ) , better known by the stage name Dr. John , is an American singer , songwriter , voice actor , pianist , and guitarist , whose music combines blues , pop , jazz , zydeco , boogie woogie , and rock and roll .   Active as a session musician since the late 1950s , he gained a cult following in the late 1960s following the release of his album Gris-Gris and his appearance at the Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music . He performed a wildly theatrical stage show inspired by medicine shows , Mardi Gras costumes , and voodoo ceremonies . Rebennack has recorded more than 20 albums and in 1973 scored a top-20 hit with `` Right Place Wrong Time '' .   The winner of six Grammy Awards , Rebennack was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by singer John Legend on March 14 , 2011 . In May 2013 , Rebennack was the recipient of an honorary doctorate of fine arts from Tulane University . He was jokingly referred to by Tulane 's president , Scott Cowen , as `` Dr. Dr. John '' .

neg: Sleeping with the Past Sleeping with the Past is the 22nd studio album by the English singer-songwriter Elton John , released on 29 August 1989 . It is his best-selling album in Denmark ( where it was recorded ) and is dedicated to his longtime writing partner Bernie Taupin . The album features his first solo number-one single , `` Sacrifice '' , in his home country of the UK , which helped the album also hit number one there , his first since 1974 's Elton John 's Greatest Hits . John and Taupin meant for the songs to reflect the style of 1960s R&B icons such as Marvin Gaye , Otis Redding and Sam Cooke , whom they admired . It also became his first platinum album in the UK since 1983 . In the US it was certified gold in October 1989 and platinum in April 1990 by the RIAA . Guy Babylon made his debut on this album and would continue to play keyboards with John for the next 20 years , while Fred Mandel left the band shortly after . John went into rehabilitation in 1990 .

neg: Mule Variations Mule Variations is the twelfth studio album by American musician Tom Waits , released on April 16 , 1999 on the ANTI- label . It was Waits 's first studio album since The Black Rider ( 1993 ) . It won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album and was nominated for Best Male Rock Performance for the track `` Hold On '' . It also sold more than 500,000 copies worldwide .   The album was backed by an extensive tour in Europe and North America during the summer and autumn of 1999 , which was Waits ' first proper tour since 1987 . Other promotional stops included a solo performance on VH1 Storytellers .   In 2003 , the album was ranked number 416 on Rolling Stone 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time .

neg: Johnny Mathis discography Johnny Mathis has recorded 71 studio albums , 11 of which achieved sales of 500,000 units and were awarded Gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America . Five of his greatest hits albums also accomplished this , and of these 16 Gold albums , six eventually went Platinum by reaching sales of one million copies . In 1999 , sales figures totaled five million for his first holiday LP , Merry Christmas , and three million for Johnny 's Greatest Hits , a 1958 collection that has been described as the `` original greatest-hits package '' and once held the record for most weeks on Billboard magazine 's album chart with a total of 490 ( three of which were spent at number one ) . His second longest album chart run was the 295 weeks belonging to his Platinum 1959 album Heavenly , which gave him five weeks in the top spot . In a ranking of the top album artists of the last half of the 1950s in terms of Billboard chart performance , he comes in at number two , for the 1960s , number 10 , and for the period from 1955 to 2009 he is at number six .   The recurring appearance of Mathis holiday releases on the various album charts in Billboard began with 1958 's Merry Christmas , which peaked at number three during the four weeks it spent that holiday season on the magazine 's biggest album chart ( now known as the Billboard 200 ) and returned to place at various positions within the top 40 slots there for the next four years . When the magazine first had a separate chart for Christmas albums from 1963 to 1973 , Merry Christmas ranked somewhere in the top 10 on it for another seven years , and on the Top Pop Catalog chart that was created for older titles , it had eight return appearances during the 1990s . His Sounds of Christmas LP spent two weeks at number two on the Christmas Albums chart upon its 1963 release and re-charted for the next five years , and 1969 's Give Me Your Love for Christmas reached number one there during its first of several annual chart showings before achieving Platinum certification . Other notable holiday projects include Home for Christmas , a 1990 home video special that went platinum , and Sending You a Little Christmas , a 2013 release that earned him a Grammy nomination in the category of Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album .   Mathis also recorded 43 songs that reached Billboard magazine 's Hot 100 chart in the United States and another nine that `` bubbled under '' the Hot 100 . Six of these 52 recordings made the top 10 , including 1957 's `` Chances Are '' and the 1978 Deniece Williams duet , `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' , which each spent a week at number one , and 32 of them are also on the list of 50 entries that Mathis had on the magazine 's Easy Listening chart , which was started in 1961 . 19 of those 50 songs made the top 10 on that list , and two of them ( `` I 'm Coming Home '' and `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' ) went on to number one . The Williams duet also spent four weeks at number one on the magazine 's R&B chart and was certified Gold after selling one million copies .   In the UK Mathis spent three weeks at number one on the singles chart in 1976 with `` When a Child Is Born '' and had two compilations reached the top spot on the albums chart : 1977 's The Mathis Collection and 1980 's Tears and Laughter . `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' and `` When a Child Is Born '' both achieved Silver certification for singles by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of 250,000 units in the UK , and the latter eventually reached the 500,000 mark to earn Gold certification . 16 of his LPs met the 60,000 album sales mark in the UK to be certified Silver , with eight of those going on to sell 100,000 copies for Gold certification and one of those eight ( The Johnny Mathis Collection , 1976 ) making it to the 300,000 total necessary for the Platinum award .

neg: Farewell to the World Farewell to the World is a 1996 concert by rock group Crowded House . The concert was recorded on the outside footsteps of the famed Sydney Opera House as a charity event to raise funds for the Sydney Children 's Hospital . The event was originally scheduled to occur on the night of 23 November 1996 , however was delayed one day due to rain . The concert was to be the last that the group played as the group announced their dissolution months earlier . The concert attracted a crowd of greater than 100,000 people , with some estimates of 250,000 people in attendance . Since then , several concerts have been performed there such as the Mushroom Records anniversary celebration and every Australian Idol year finale dually uses the outdoor as well as the indoor of the Opera House .   The concert was originally aired on Network Ten in Australia in November 1996 however this performance was incomplete as it did not include five songs performed from the concert due to time constraints . In December 1996 , the group released the concert on VHS which included some press coverage of the band 's breakup and the concert . The VHS version contained all of the same songs as the television version other than `` Weather with You , '' which was replaced by the fan favourite song `` Hole In the River . ''   The CD and DVD of the concert were released in November 2006 as a ten-year anniversary of the original concert . These versions were remastered and the DVD included all previous footage from the VHS but also added an interview with Neil Finn by Jana Wendt on Channel Nine 's Sunday program . All of the songs were included on the DVD and CD release , including those omitted previously and the sound ( and , for DVD , picture ) was digitally remastered .   The concert included many of Crowded House 's most famous hits and many fan favourites also . The supporting bands were Custard , You Am I and Powderfinger . Powderfinger released their performance also with selected versions of their album Internationalist .   As the album was to be the final performance by the group , they called upon previous members Tim Finn and tour drummer Peter Jones to play for a small portion of the setlist . Drummer Paul Hester , though he had previously left the band while on tour , was considered a member of the band again for the performance , as he had been a member for the majority of the group 's tenure .