query: 21 Jump Street made $201 million.

pos: 21 Jump Street (film) 21 Jump Street is a 2012 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller , written by Michael Bacall starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum . An adaptation of the 1987-1991 television series of the same name by Stephen J. Cannell and Patrick Hasburgh , set within the same continuity as the TV series ; the film follows two police officers who are forced to relive high school when they are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new synthetic drug and arrest its supplier .   It was released theatrically on March 16 , 2012 , by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and grossed $ 201 million . A sequel , titled 22 Jump Street , was released on June 13 , 2014 . Two further films , MIB 23 ( a crossover with the Men in Black franchise ) and a female-led spin-off , are currently in development .

neg: Beverly Hills Cop III Beverly Hills Cop III is a 1994 American action comedy film starring Eddie Murphy and directed by John Landis , who had previously worked with Murphy on Trading Places and Coming to America . It is the third film in the Beverly Hills Cop trilogy , and a sequel to Beverly Hills Cop II .   Murphy again plays Detroit cop Axel Foley , who once again returns to Beverly Hills , California , to stop a gang of counterfeiters who are responsible for the death of his boss . Foley teams up with his friend , Beverly Hills detective Billy Rosewood ( Judge Reinhold ) , and his investigation leads him to an amusement park known as Wonder World . The film features a number of cameo appearances by well-known film personalities , including Robert B. Sherman , Arthur Hiller , John Singleton , Joe Dante , special effects legend Ray Harryhausen , and George Lucas as a ride patron .   Beverly Hills Cop III was released on May 25 , 1994 and grossed $ 42 million in the United States , and over $ 77 million in the foreign box office . The film was considered by critics and Murphy himself as the weakest film in the series .

neg: The 21 Project The 21 Project is the third major label studio album released by American country music artist Hunter Hayes , released in physical format on November 6 , 2015 through Atlantic Nashville . Hayes co-produced the collection with Dann Huff . The album includes five songs from his similarly-titled EP , 21 , released earlier that year , as well as two new tracks . Each song is available as a studio recording , an acoustic recording , and a live performance from the Wheels Up Tour .

neg: Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 .   Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography .   Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups .   Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .

neg: Super Troopers Super Troopers is a 2001 American crime-comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar , written by and starring the Broken Lizard comedy group ( Jay Chandrasekhar , Kevin Heffernan , Steve Lem me , Paul Soter and Erik Stolhanske ) . Marisa Coughlan , Daniel von Bargen and Brian Cox co-star while Lynda Carter has a cameo appearance . In total , Fox Searchlight paid $ 3.25 million for distribution rights of the film and grossed $ 23.1 million at the box office .   A sequel , Super Troopers 2 , is currently filming and is expected to be released in 2017 .

neg: Jump (Ugly Betty) `` Jump '' is the 18th episode in the second season , the 41st episode overall , and the second season finale of the American dramedy series Ugly Betty , which aired on May 22 , 2008 , the same day as Naomi Campbell 's 38th birthday . The episode was written by Silvio Horta and directed by Victor Nelli , Jr. . .

neg: Bayside Shakedown 2 is the second film based on the popular Bayside Shakedown TV series , known for its unique and humorous depiction of the Japanese police force while avoiding the conventions that define most police dramas . The movie was released in the summer of 2003 . Bayside Shakedown 2 is the highest grossing non-animated Japanese movie on domestic screens and earned 17.35 billion yen at the box office .

neg: Forever 21 Forever 21 is an American fast fashion retailer with its headquarters in Los Angeles , California . Forever 21 began as a 900 square foot store in Highland Park , CA in 1984 , and has grown into clothing lines Forever 21 , XXI Forever , Love 21 , and Heritage throughout over 600 stores in the Americas , Asia , the Middle East , and the UK . More than 60 % of its apparel is made in China and the average store size is 38,000 square feet . Forever 21 is known for its trendy offerings and its low pricing . The company sells clothing , accessories , and beauty products for women , men , and girls . The company has been involved in various controversies , ranging from labor practice issues to copyright infraction accusations to religion . The clothing ages from toddler to grownup , for kids and adults . Forever 21 is the 5th largest specialty retailer in the United States .

neg: The Hangover Part II The Hangover Part II is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2009 film The Hangover and the second installment in The Hangover trilogy . Directed by Todd Phillips , who co-wrote the script with Craig Mazin and Scot Armstrong , the film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Ken Jeong , Jeffrey Tambor , Justin Bartha , and Paul Giamatti . It tells the story of Phil , Stu , Alan , and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu 's wedding . After the bachelor party in Las Vegas , Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe , subdued pre-wedding brunch . Things do not go as planned , resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night .   Development began in April 2009 , two months before The Hangover was released . The principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film . Production began in October 2010 , in Ontario , California , before moving on location in Thailand . The film was released on May 26 , 2011 and became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy during its theatrical run .   A third and final installment , The Hangover Part III , was released on May 23 , 2013 .

neg: America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD .   On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund .   In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll .   The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .

neg: Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others .   Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez .   Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .

neg: Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes .   `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform .   `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges .   The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .

neg: 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards The 21st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards , honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2014 , were presented on January 25 , 2015 , on both TNT and TBS 8:00 p.m. EST / 5:00 p.m. PST . Nominees were announced on December 10 , 2014 .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego .   Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin .   In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .

neg: Going to California (TV series) Going To California is an American dramedy television series created for Showtime and airing from 2001 to 2002 on that channel . It starred primarily Sam Trammell and Brad William Henke as Kevin `` Space '' Lauglin and Henry `` Hank '' Ungalow respectively , two friends on a road trip across the continental United States . The show focused primarily on what happened to Hank and Space during their stops and detours along the way to California . John Asher played the recurring character `` Insect Bob '' and also served as a director on the series . The tag line for this show was : `` No map . No plan . No rules . No turning back . ''   The show featured guest stars in each episode , including Lindsay Sloane , Jenny McCarthy ( John Asher 's then wife ) , David Faustino , Jaime Pressly , Vince Vaughn , Stacey Dash , Rosanna Arquette and Jerry O'Connell .   Going To California was cancelled in 2002 after 20 episodes despite a positive critical response , and despite a cult following it has never been issued on DVD . In 2007 creator Scott Rosenberg returned with the show October Road , which was loosely based on Going To California ; Evan Jones reprised his role as `` Ikey '' and a new actor played `` Eddie Latekka '' , both of which characters had appeared in the original show , while Brad William Henke played a new character .

neg: Pay It Forward (film) Pay It Forward is a 2000 American drama-romance film based on the novel of the same name by Catherine Ryan Hyde . The film is set in Las Vegas in the present day , and it chronicles 12-year-old Trevor McKinney 's launch of a goodwill movement known as ` pay it forward ' . Directed by Mimi Leder and written by Leslie Dixon , the film stars Haley Joel Osment as Trevor , Helen Hunt as his alcoholic single mother Arlene McKinney , and Kevin Spacey as his physically and emotionally scarred social studies teacher Eugene Simonet .   Pay It Forward was released on October 20 , 2000 to mixed reviews , with most critics praising the acting , writing , music and cinematography but criticizing the story and accusing it of excessive emotional manipulation , particularly in its ending . The film was a moderate box office success , earning just over $ 55.7 million on a $ 40 million budget .

neg: On the Jump On the Jump is a 1918 American short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd . A print of the film survives in the film archive of the Museum of Modern Art .

neg: Past, Present, and Future (NCIS) `` Past , Present , and Future '' is the second episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama NCIS , and the 236th episode overall . It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 1 , 2013 . The episode is written by Gary Glasberg , Scott Williams and Gina Lucita Monreal and directed by James Whitmore , Jr. , and was seen by 19.98 million viewers .

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government .   The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast .   Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .

neg: Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W211) The Mercedes-Benz W211 is a chassis designation for the Mercedes-Benz E-Class , produced from 2002 through 2009 . The W211 models replaced the W210 E-Class models and were superseded by the Mercedes-Benz W212 in 2009 . The car was available in two body types : Sedan and Estate ( Estate models were sold in Canada as Wagon ) .   The W219 , sold as the CLS `` 4-door coupe '' , was introduced as a niche model in 2005 , and is based on the W211 's mechanical package .   Launched in 2002 for the 2003 model year , the W211 E-Class was another evolution of the previous model . Before North American sales began , the car was shown in the 2002 movie Men in Black II . The W211 development program commenced in 1997 , with design work starting later on . The final designs were chosen in 1999 and German patents were later filed on December 18 , 2000 utilizing an E500 prototype . Development ended in 2001 after 48 months of development at a total cost $ 2 billion euros . Pilot production went into testing in the summer of 2001 , the W211 E-Class debut at the Brussels Motor Show in January 2002 .


query: Eugenio Canfari was born on April 16, 1877.

pos: Eugenio Canfari Eugenio Canfari ( 16 April 1877 -- 23 March 1962 ) was an early Italian football player from Genoa who played as a defender . He was one of the thirteen men who founded Juventus in 1897 and the club 's first ever president . His brother Enrico Canfari was also a founding member of Juventus , and was the first ever president , though he never played in the Italian Football Championship with Enrico and Juventus .

neg: 1877 in Chile The following lists events that happened during 1877 in Chile .

neg: Years of Mud The expression Years of Mud ( Anni di fango ) is used to identify a period of Italian history that coincides roughly with the 1980s .   This expression is now entered the common language to describe a long period of time marked by particularly adverse events .   It underpins a strong negative opinion of a decade in which the Italian companies , despite their economic prosperity and the beginning of the technological development that took place in those years , begins a steady decline due to a particularly corrupt political class , and sometimes colluding with criminal organizations such as Cosa Nostra ( the Sicilian Mafia ) .   At that time he was also discovered the Propaganda Due , a masonic organization reserved .   The expression owes its success primarily to the Italian journalist Indro Montanelli , which he called L'Italia degli anni di fango ( Italy of the Years of Mud ) the volume of Storia d'Italia dedicated to the years 1978-1993 , a period that begins roughly with the election of Sandro Pertini as President of the Italian Republic and ends with the discovery and the start of Tangentopoli .   The book is the sequel to L'Italia degli anni di piombo ( Italy of the Years of Lead ) , dedicated to the 1970s .   Both volumes were written in collaboration with journalist Mario Cervi .

neg: Eugen Weber Eugen Joseph Weber ( April 24 , 1925 in Bucharest , Romania -- May 17 , 2007 in Brentwood , Los Angeles , California ) was a Romanian-born American historian with a special focus on Western Civilization .   Weber became a historian because of his interest in politics , an interest dating back to at least the age of 12 . He described his political awakening as a realization of social injustices : `` It was my vague dissatisfaction with social hierarchy , the subjection of servants and peasants , the diffuse violence of everyday life in relatively peaceful country amongst apparently gentle folk '' .   Weber 's books and articles have been translated into several languages . He earned many accolades for his scholarship , including membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities , the Guggenheim Foundation , the American Council of Learned Societies and the Fulbright Program . His 1,300-page Modern History of Europe : Men , Cultures , and Societies from the Renaissance to the Present ( 1971 ) was described `` a phenomenal job of synthesis and interpretation that reflects Eugen 's wide and deep learning , '' by his UCLA history colleague Hans Rogger . In addition to his distinguished American Awards and honors , he was awarded the Ordre des Palmes Académiques in 1977 for his contribution to French culture .

neg: Giraldi Giraldi is a surname , and may refer to :  Bob Giraldi ( born 1939 ) , an American film and television director  Dez Giraldi , an Australian soccer player  Giglio Gregorio Giraldi , an Italian scholar and poet  Giovanni Battista Giraldi , an Italian novelist and poet  Philip Giraldi , a former CIA agent  Riccardo Giraldi ( born 1984 ) , Italian inventor , designer and creative director  Ubaldo Giraldi ( 1692 -- 1775 ) , an Italian canonist  Guglielmo Pecori Giraldi ( 1856-1941 ) , an Italian Field Marshal  The Giraldi Family name traces back to 760a . d. with its first mention in the noble families of Italian Toscana . Owners of expanse regions , castles and land the name belonged to a powerful noble family . During the Middle Ages , as populations grew and travel between regions ensued we find the name extending to northern Italy as early as the 8th century . The Giraldi name was prevalent in land now occupied by the Swiss canton of Ticino which was annexed to Switzerland from northern Italian cities in the 15th Century by various Swiss forces in the last Transalpine Campaigns of the Old Swiss Confederacy . Since then the last name Giraldi has been identified in lands now pertaining to Ticino dating back to the 8th century and is prevalent in modern times although it no longer proliferates in the Italian region of Toscana .

neg: Edgardo Donato Edgardo Donato ( -LSB- eðˈɣarðo ðoˈnato -RSB- ; April 14 , 1897 - February 15 , 1963 ) was a tango composer and orchestra leader , born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , raised from a young age and musically trained in Montevideo , Uruguay .

neg: Casiano Communications Casiano Communications Inc. began in 1973 ... publishing a modest business and financial newsletter on Puerto Rico . Recognizing the unfilled niche that area business publications would fill in the future , that newsletter became CARIBBEAN BUSINESS newspaper : one of the first , and for more than 40 years , one of the most successful , business and financial newspapers not only in the Caribbean , but in the entire United States . For forty-three years , it had been the recognized Business Authority in Puerto Rico and the region . It was published weekly in English , and its in-depth news and analysis was read by the White House , the U.S. Congress , Wall Street , by Puerto Rico bond investors , the parent companies and suppliers of companies in Puerto Rico and many others . Daily business news was provided on its website , CB.pr , where it attracted more than 153,000 unique visitors a month . These visitors `` hit '' our site more than 27 million times a month and the average visit is an astounding 25 + minutes per visit .  In the late 1980s , CARIBBEAN BUSINESS launched its equally successful annual `` CB Book of Lists '' that ranks the leading companies in Puerto Rico , industry-by-industry and provides complete information on 129 local industries and more than 1,500 companies . It also presents a list of the `` 400 Largest Locally-Owned Companies '' and a comprehensive guide to doing business in P.R. , with all the Island 's business laws , government incentives , complete data on all Federal and Commonwealth Government agencies as well as information on each municipality and a History of Puerto Rico .  Once again looking into the future , CCI identified another unfilled niche in our market : locally-produced quality magazines , where the Island 's people could see and read about themselves and their celebrities .   While various magazines had been launched in Puerto Rico , none were truly successful because they could n't compete with the quality of the magazines in Spanish that were being imported from South America , even though those imported magazines did not include local coverage .  But Casiano identified the area where these imported magazines were vulnerable : they did not reflect Puerto Rico 's people , happenings , problems or needs . So Casiano Communications Inc. ( CCI ) began launching a new series of magazines that today number 10 in all ... covering women 's and family lifestyles , health , a wedding guide , a mothers guide , a decoration guide , a `` Boomers '' magazine for those 50 + , a Quinceañera teen girl magazine and the ¡ Qué Pasa ! tourism guide ... in addition to our flagship CARIBBEAN BUSINESS and its `` Book of Lists . '' Eleven publications in all ... each number one in sales and circulation in its category in Puerto Rico . The imported magazines ? They recently ceased publication of their local magazines , after years of trying to compete with CCI 's products .   An estimated 70 % of Puerto Rico 's adults read one or more Casiano Communications publications each month .   In 2000 , the company unveiled a new search engine and web portal dedicated exclusively for Puerto Rico . The website , called `` Puerto Rico WOW ! '' , also has a business directory and links to view digital versions of articles published in its printed magazines . The website currently receives an average of 19 million hits a month and 191,000 pages viewed daily , as per WebTrends . In 2008 , Puerto Rico WOW ! was converted into www.caribbeanbusinessPR.com , which went on to surpass WOW ! in terms of traffic and ad revenue . Another website , www.TVaquiPR.com , was also launched in 2008 as a complement to its namesake weekly celebrity gossip magazine , TVaquí , no longer published .

neg: Kreisleriana Kreisleriana , Op. 16 , is a composition in eight movements by Robert Schumann for solo piano , subtitled . It was written in only four days in April 1838 and a revised version appeared in 1850 . The work was dedicated to Frédéric Chopin , but when a copy was sent to the Polish composer , `` he commented favorably only on the design of the title page '' . Kreisleriana is a very dramatic work and is considered to be one of Schumann 's finest compositions . In 1839 , soon after publishing it , Schumann called it in a letter `` my favourite work , '' remarking that `` The title conveys nothing to any but Germans . Kreisler is one of E. T. A. Hoffmann 's creations , an eccentric , wild , and witty conductor . '' In 1843 , when he had moved from writing for solo piano to much larger works , in particular Paradise and the Peri , he still listed it as one of his best piano works   The work 's title was inspired by the character of Johannes Kreisler from works of E. T. A. Hoffmann . Like the kaleidoscopic Kreisler , each number has multiple contrasting sections , resembling the imaginary musician 's manic-depression , and recalling Schumann 's own `` Florestan '' and `` Eusebius , '' the two characters Schumann used to indicate his own contrasting impulsive and dreamy sides . Johannes Kreisler appears in several books by Hoffmann , including Kater Murr and most notably in the Kreisleriana section of , published in 1814 .   In a letter to Clara , Schumann reveals that she has figured largely in the composition of Kreisleriana : `` I 'm overflowing with music and beautiful melodies now - imagine , since my last letter I 've finished another whole notebook of new pieces . I intend to call it Kreisleriana . You and one of your ideas play the main role in it , and I want to dedicate it to you - yes , to you and nobody else - and then you will smile so sweetly when you discover yourself in it . ''

neg: Eugenio Tano Eugenio Tano ( July 4 , 1840 -- 1914 ) was an Italian painter .   He was born in Marzi , near Cosenza in Calabria ; his father was a painter of religious subjects . Eugenio received his first training in Rogliano , his mother 's native town . He later attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Naples and , after the unification of Italy , he studied in Florence with Stefano Ussi .   In 1860 Eugenio participated in Garibaldi 's enterprise in Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples . He lived for many years in Florence . At the 1877 Mostra Nazionale of Naples , he exhibits : Portrait of a Garibaldi ; at the 1880 Turin exhibition : Priest in Countryside , and in the 1881 Milan Exhibition , L'Arno , a landscape . At the 1884 Promotrice of Florence , he exhibits : Dall ' Ardenza ad Antignano . In 1885 , in Milan and the next year in Venice , he displayed an Un bagno nascosto . At the Exposition of Livorno in 1886 , Tano sent a Portrait of a Garibaldi . He also painted genre and portraits , including Queen Margherita .

neg: Taliaferro Taliaferro ( -LSB- ˈtɒlɪvər -RSB- ) , also spelled Tagliaferro , Talifero , Tellifero or Taliferro and sometimes anglicised to Tolliver or Toliver , is a prominent family in eastern Virginia and Maryland . The Taliaferros ( originally Tagliaferro , -LSB- ˌtaʎʎaˈfɛrro -RSB- , which means `` ironcutter '' in Italian ) are one of the early families who settled in Virginia in the 17th century . They migrated from London , where an ancestor had served as a musician in the court of Queen Elizabeth I . The surname in that line is believed to trace back to Bartholomew Taliaferro , a native of Venice who settled in London and was made a denizen in 1562 .   The origins of the Taliaferro name were of interest to George Wythe , a Virginia colonial lawyer and classical scholar , who had married a Taliaferro . Wythe urged his former student and friend Thomas Jefferson to investigate the name when Jefferson traveled to Italy . Jefferson later reported to Wythe that he had found two families of the name in Tuscany , and that the family was of Italian origin . Jefferson enclosed his sketch of the coat of arms of the Tagliaferro family as reported to him by a friend in Florence , Italy .

neg: Giovanni Guicciardi Giovanni Guicciardi ( 12 January 1819 -- 4 October 1883 ) was an Italian opera singer who sang leading baritone roles in the opera houses of Italy and Portugal . He is most remembered today for having created the role of Count di Luna in Verdi 's Il trovatore , although he created several other leading roles in operas by lesser known Italian composers . He accumulated a considerable fortune during the course of his career . After his retirement from the stage , he taught without payment in music schools in his native city , Reggio Emilia , and presided over a charity for orphaned musicians . He died in San Polo d'Enza at the age of 64 .

neg: Enrico Rocca Enrico Rocca ( b. Turin , 21 April 1847 -- Genova , 9 June 1915 ) was an Italian violin maker of the 19th and the 20th Centuries and son of Giuseppe Rocca .   Although he worked differently from his father Giuseppe Rocca , Enrico 's work takes more inspiration from Eugenio Praga .   Enrico Rocca was son of Giuseppe , who is considered probably the most important maker of the 19th century ; Enrico had a very hard life and he was n't trained all the way by his father .  The loss of his father at the age of 19 forced him to run away from his family . He ended up working as a boatman , a sailor , a ship carpenter ( for many years ) and a woodworker . He opened his workshop in 1878 .   After twenty years passed on the docks of the port of Genova , he began violin making building mainly six strings lombard mandolins and guitars ; he started making violins only after 1890 .  By the turn of the century and after Praga 's death ( 1901 ) , Enrico Rocca became the pre-eminent violin maker in Genoa .  His work is always dominated by a great spontaneity and reveals a strong personality . He was consistent in his production as well as style till his death .   His preferred models were Guarneri , Stradivari and Amati .  Enrico Rocca 's instruments are much appreciated today .

neg: Enrico De Nicola Enrico De Nicola , ( -LSB- enˈriːko de niˈkɔːla -RSB- ; 9 November 1877 -- 1 October 1959 ) was an Italian jurist , journalist , politician , and provisional Head of State of republican Italy from 1946 to 1948 . Afterwards , he became the first President of the Italian Republic on 1 January 1948 .

neg: Giuseppe Ferrari (philosopher) Giuseppe Ferrari ( 7 March 1812 -- 2 July 1876 ) was an Italian philosopher , historian and politician .   He was born at Milan , studied Law at Pavia and graduated in 1831 . A follower of Romagnosi and Giovan Battista Vico , his first works were an article in the Biblioteca Italiana ( `` Italian Library '' ) entitled `` Mente di Gian Domenico Romagnosi '' ( 1835 ) , and a complete edition of the works of Vico , prefaced by an appreciation ( 1865 ) .   Finding Italy uncongenial to his ideas , he went to France and , in 1839 , produced in Paris his Vico ci l'Italie , followed by La Nouvelle Religion de Campanella and La Théorie de l'erreur . On account of these works he was made Docteur-ès‑lettres of the Sorbonne and professor of philosophy at Rochefort ( 1840 ) . His views , however , provoked antagonism , and in 1842 he was appointed to the chair of philosophy at Strasbourg . After fresh trouble with the clergy , he returned to Paris and published a defence of his theories in a work entitled Idées sur la politique de Platon et d'Aristote . After a short connection with the college at Bourges , he devoted himself from 1849 to 1858 exclusively to writing . The works of this period are Les Philosophes Salariés , Machiavel juge des revolutions de notre temps ( 1849 ) , La Federazione repubblicana ( 1851 ) , La Filosofia della rivoluzione ( 1851 ) , L' Italia dopo il colpo di Stato ( 1852 ) , Histoire des révolutions , ou Guelfes et Gibelins ( 1858 ) .   In 1859 he returned to Italy , where he opposed Cavour , and upheld federalism against the policy of a single Italian monarchy . In spite of this opposition , he held chairs of philosophy at Turin , Milan and Rome in succession , and during several administrations represented the college of Gavirate in the chamber . He was a member of the council of education and was made senator on 15 May 1876 ; but he died just six weeks later .   Amongst other works may be mentioned Histoire de la Raison d'État , Corso di storia degli scrittori politici italiani , and La China e l'Europa . In the last mentioned work , Ferrari anticipated the emergence of superpowers , arguing that their emergence would destroy European dominance in favor of Russia , America , and , eventually , China . A skeptic in philosophy and a revolutionist in politics , rejoicing in controversy of all kinds , he was admired as a man , as an orator , and as a writer .

neg: 1877 in art Events from the year 1877 in art .

neg: Canzonissima Canzonissima was an Italian musical variety show broadcast by Rai 1 from 1958 to 1974 , with an interruption between 1963 and 1967 , aired on Saturday evening except for the last two editions in which it was aired on Sunday afternoon . The program was referred to as `` the synthesis and the model of comparison of the Italian television variety '' .   The show consisted of a musical contest ( with singers combined with some state lottery numbers ) from the elaborate rules which were generally different from one edition to another ; the competition was interspersed with dances and comedy sketches involving special guests .   Editions include the 1959 's , which contributed to launch the Nino Manfredi 's career , and the 1970s , which launched the career of Raffaella Carrà .   The 1962 edition , hosted by Dario Fo and Franca Rame , generated large political controversities due to use of censorship to cut some satirical sketches of Fo ; the couple Fo-Rame was eventually fired , and the scandal lead to a long interruption of five years .

neg: Josefina Passadori Josefina Passadori ( April 5 , 1900 -- December 13 , 1987 ) was an Argentinian writer who published several textbooks as well as poetry under the nom de plume Fröken Thelma . Passadori was also a politician and educator .   Passadori was born in Mezzanino , Pavia , Italy . In 1922 she graduated from Escuela Normal de Profesoras `` Mary O'Graham '' of La Plata , college at which she taught during almost forty years , mostly Spanish , Italian , History , Geography and Literature . Also worked for other schools , such as the Escuela Normal de la Inmaculada in La Plata , the Escuela Nº 18 del Consejo Escolar Nº14 in Buenos Aires , the School of Journalism of the Universidad Nacional de La Plata , and the Universidad Popular Sarmiento , for which she was the President for several years .   At twenty , she founded the first Latin American school cooperative , of which she was also the first president . She was also the head of many other cultural institutions ; for instance , the Arts Society ; and was the Education Undersecretary in the province of Buenos Aires and , later on , the Minority Secretary for the same state .   Passadori published hundreds of articles in El Argentino , El Día , and Revista del Suboficial ; gave conferences ; and sponsored the `` Ediciones del Bosque '' , an organization which promoted and published all of the intellectuals in Buenos Aires , including Raúl Amaral , María Dhialma Tiberti , María de Villarino , and others . She published over 30 textbooks , some in collaboration with other authors , such as the Manual del Alumno used by many generations in Argentina .   Passadori died in San Isidro , Argentina , on December 13 , 1987 .

neg: Import substitution industrialization Import substitution industrialization ( ISI ) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production . ISI is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products . The term primarily refers to 20th-century development economics policies , although it has been advocated since the 18th century by economists such as Friedrich List and Alexander Hamilton .   ISI policies were enacted by countries in the Global South with the intention of producing development and self-sufficiency through the creation of an internal market . ISI works by having the state lead economic development through nationalization , subsidization of vital industries ( including agriculture , power generation , etc. ) , increased taxation , and highly protectionist trade policies . Import substitution industrialization was gradually abandoned by developing countries in the 1980s and 1990s due to the insistence of the IMF and World Bank on their structural adjustment programs of global market-driven liberalization aimed at the Global South .   In the context of Latin American development , the term `` Latin American structuralism '' refers to the era of import substitution industrialization in many Latin American countries from the 1950s until the 1980s . The theories behind Latin American structuralism and ISI were organized in the works of Raúl Prebisch , Hans Singer , Celso Furtado , and other structural economic thinkers , and gained prominence with the creation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ( UNECLAC or CEPAL ) . While the theorists behind ISI or Latin American structuralism were not homogeneous and did not belong to one particular school of economic thought , ISI and Latin American structuralism and the theorists who developed its economic framework shared a basic common belief in a state-directed , centrally planned form of economic development . In promoting state-induced industrialization through governmental spending through the infant industry argument , ISI and Latin American structuralist approaches to development are largely influenced by a wide range of Keynesian , communitarian , and socialist economic thought . ISI is often associated and linked with dependency theory , although the latter has traditionally adopted a much broader Marxist sociological framework in addressing what are perceived to be the origins of underdevelopment through the historical effects of colonialism , Eurocentrism , and neoliberalism .

neg: Italian general election, 1976 General elections were held in Italy on June 20 , 1976 . They were the first after the voting age was lowered to 18 .   If Christian Democracy remained stable with around 38 % of votes , Enrico Berlinguer 's Italian Communist Party made a great jump winning 7 points more than four years before : this result , which was quite homogeneous in the entire society because confirmed by the electors of the age-restricted Senate , began to show the possibility of a future change of the Italian government leadership . All minor parties lost a lot of votes to the DC in the attempt to fight the Communist progress : between them , historic Italian Liberal Party was nearly annihilated . Two new leftist forces made their debut in this election : the ultra-liberal Radical Party , which had led a successful referendum on divorce , and the far-left Marxist and Maoist Proletarian Democracy .

neg: Orestes Ferrara Orestes Ferrara y Marino ( 18 July 1876 , Naples , Italy - 16 February 1972 , Rome ) , known in Italy as Oreste Ferrara , was an Italian Cuban , who fought for Cuba 's independence . He was even an attorney , a journalist , a writer and an entrepreneur who founded one of the best newspapers of La Habana .

neg: Southern General Cemetery The Southern General Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Caracas . It was founded in 1876 , by order of President Antonio Guzmán Blanco . It is located at the end of El Cementerio and El Degredo streets , in the parish of Santa Rosalia , west of Libertador Municipality .   The administration of the cemetery is the responsibility of the Municipal Cemeteries management department , which is attached to Fundacaracas , a foundation of the Libertador Municipality 's government . It has the support of Fundapatrimonio , the municipal police in Caracas and the Institute of Cultural Heritage .   Among the well-known Venezuelan persons buried there are : Armando Reverón , Raimundo Andueza Palacio , Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl , Miguel Otero Silva , Carlos Delgado Chalbaud , Andrés Mata , Martín Tovar y Tovar , Juan Antonio Pérez Bonalde , Rómulo Gallegos , Argimiro Gabaldón , Fabricio Ojeda , Aquiles Nazoa , Andrés Eloy Blanco , Jorge Rodríguez , Anacleto Clemente Bolívar , Látigo Chávez , General Ramón Centeno and Victorino Ponce . Some have special memorials such as the Caldera Family , the Firefighters ' Pantheon , the President 's Pantheon , and Isaías Medina Angarita and Joaquín Crespo 's mausoleum , this last one built in 1898 .


query: Lady Gaga was birthed on March 28, 1986.

pos: Lady Gaga Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( -LSB- ˈstɛfəniː_dʒɜrməˈnɒtə -RSB- ; born March 28 , 1986 ) , known professionally as Lady Gaga , is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . At the beginning of her career , Gaga became known for her unconventionality and provocative work . A popular contemporary recording artist , she is noted for constantly experimenting with new musical ideas and images .   Gaga initially played roles in high school plays , and studied at CAP21 through NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to pursue a musical career . After leaving a rock band , participating in a performance art circuit , and being dropped from a contract with Def Jam Recordings , Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing . From there , Akon noticed her vocal abilities and helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own KonLive Distribution in 2007 . Gaga rose to prominence with the release of her successful debut album The Fame ( 2008 ) and its international chart-topping singles `` Just Dance '' and `` Poker Face '' . A follow-up EP , The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) , was met with a similar reception and the singles `` Bad Romance '' , `` Telephone '' , and `` Alejandro '' were also successful .   Gaga 's second full-length album Born This Way ( 2011 ) topped the charts in more than 20 countries , including the US , where it sold over one million copies in its first week . The album produced the number-one single `` Born This Way '' . Gaga 's third album Artpop , released in 2013 , topped the US charts and included the successful single `` Applause '' . In 2014 , Gaga released a collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek , her third consecutive number one in the US . For her work in the television series American Horror Story : Hotel , Gaga won a Golden Globe Award in 2016 . With her fifth studio album Joanne ( 2016 ) , she became the first woman to have four US number one albums in the 2010s . In February 2017 , Gaga headlined the Super Bowl LI halftime show , which had over 150 million audience across various platforms worldwide , making it the most viewed musical event in history .   With global album and single sales of 27 million and 146 million respectively , as of January 2016 , she is one of the best-selling musicians of all time . Her achievements include twelve Guinness World Records , three Brit Awards , and six Grammy Awards . She has also received awards from the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Council of Fashion Designers of America . Gaga regularly appears on Billboards Artists of the Year lists and Forbess power and earnings rankings . She was ranked at number four on VH1 's Greatest Women in Music , finished second on Times 2011 readers ' poll of the most influential people of the past ten years , and was named Billboards Woman of the Year ( 2015 ) . She is known for her philanthropic work and social activism , including LGBT rights and her own non-profit organization , the Born This Way Foundation , which focuses on promoting youth empowerment and combating bullying .

neg: Hillary Scott (singer) Hillary Dawn Scott-Tyrrell ( born April 1 , 1986 ) , known professionally as Hillary Scott , is an American singer and songwriter . She is the co-lead singer of Lady Antebellum , a country music group that was formed in 2006 , and is signed to Capitol Nashville . With her family , she released the top 10 album , Love Remains , in 2016 .

neg: Whitney Houston videography The videography of American pop/R & B recording artist Whitney Houston consists of fifty-five music videos , four music video compilations , a concert tour video and three music video singles . In 1983 , Houston signed a recording contract with Arista Records and two years after released her eponymous debut album . Houston 's first music video was for the single `` You Give Good Love '' , which was selected to establish her in the black marketplace first . In the video of worldwide hit `` Saving All My Love for You '' , she played a beaming All-American girl shadowed by her secret lover 's wife . The following video `` How Will I Know '' , directed by Brian Grant , that helped introduce the singer to a wider audience when it became one of the first videos by a black female singer to earn heavy rotation on MTV , blasting open the doors for a whole generation of R&B and pop divas to follow . The clip won MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video at its 3rd ceremony of 1986 . `` Greatest Love of All '' , the final single released from Houston 's debut album , which helped cement the M.O. for the classic Whitney video . In June 1986 , Houston released her first video compilation The No. 1 Video Hits , containing her four music videos off the Whitney Houston album . The video compilation reached number-one on the Billboard Top Music Videocassettes chart and stayed at the top spot for 22 weeks , which remains the all-time record for a video collection by a female artist , and was certified Platinum for shipments of 100,000 units by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) on July 15 , 1986 . In 1987 , `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , the first single from her second album Whitney , was one of Houston 's most recognized music videos in company with the song 's smash hit worldwide . Houston 's fashion and hairstyle in the clip -- towering curly wig , colorful dangly earrings and a series of going-to-the-club outfits -- became one of her iconic looks .   In November 1990 , Houston released her third studio album I 'm Your Baby Tonight . The video for the title track from the album , was what passed for a high-concept clip from Houston , in which she paid tribute to three different legends in film and music industries : Marlene Dietrich , The Supremes and Audrey Hepburn . On January 27 , 1991 , Houston , wearing a white tracksuit with a red and blue print and matching athletic headband , performed `` The Star Spangled Banner '' at Super Bowl XXV , held at the Tampa Stadium in Tampa , Florida . Due to overwhelming response to her rendition , the performance was released as a video single , which was certified 2 × Platinum by the RIAA in April 1991 . Such Houston 's patriotism-boosting-performance for the national anthem led her to give Welcome Home Heroes with Whitney Houston concert , which was for the troops , their families , and military and government dignitaries in honor of those returning from the Gulf War . The concert was released as a VHS ( later also LD and DVD ) in the same year and it was certified Gold for shipments of 50,000 units by the RIAA . Though Houston is acknowledged as one of the best live performers , up to date , the live footage is her only full-concert video that has been issued officially in the United States .   `` I Will Always Love You '' , one of Houston 's iconic videos , was the clip for the lead single off the soundtrack for Houston 's 1992 film debut The Bodyguard . In the video , directed by Nick Brandt , the camera focused on an elegantly suited up , forlorn-looking Houston sitting in an empty theater and staring into the distance as she watched clips from the movie scroll by . Houston blasted into the song 's towering finale via a quick zoom to her face , eyes closed , and then popping open as she hit the high notes . The idea and the camerawork helped Houston to deliver perfectly the titanically tear-jerking drama of the song . Her other notable video from The Bodyguard Soundtrack , `` Queen of the Night '' , featured Houston performing the song in a club dressed in a metallic costume , which were inspired by scenes from Fritz Lang 's 1927 silent film Metropolis . After Houston contributed to her songs on the soundtracks for two films , in which she also starred , Waiting to Exhale ( 1995 ) and The Preacher 's Wife ( 1996 ) , she teamed up with Mariah Carey in the video for `` When You Believe '' from The Prince of Egypt Soundtrack . In November 1998 , Houston came back to pop music full-time with My Love Is Your Love , which returned her to heavy rotation . The singles from the album , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right But It 's Okay '' , and `` My Love Is Your Love '' , were all US top 5 hits , and Houston was also once again embraced by MTV thanks to her willingness to let her style and approach evolve in her music and the videos . During that time , most of her music videos were directed by Kevin Bray .   Houston began the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , which spawned three then new videos including two for the duet songs that she collaborated with Enrique Iglesias on `` Could I Have This Kiss Forever '' and George Michael on `` If I Told You That '' . The accompanying video/DVD of the same title was also released at the same time , which contained Houston 's promotional videos from 1985 to 1999 and several hard-to-find live performances including her 1983 TV debut on The Merv Griffin Show . In December 2002 , Houston released her fifth studio album , Just Whitney . Two music videos from the album , `` Whatchulookinat '' and `` Try It on My Own '' , were considered her answers to the media for getting too deep into her personal life and to malicious rumours surrounding then her public image . In the former video , she confronted the issues with a white set with an overhead camera and mirrors on its walls , following and reflecting Houston 's every move . In the latter , did with the storyline strongly reminiscent of her high-profile firing by Burt Bacharach from the 2000 Academy Awards ceremony for not singing `` Over the Rainbow '' during rehearsals for the show . In August 2009 , Houston returned to the music scene with her fourth Billboard 200 number-one album , I Look to You , which yielded `` Million Dollar Bill '' and `` I Look to You '' videos .   Most of Houston 's notable videos involve just a bit of perfunctory storyline and focus on her performance , however , several sources recognized her as one of pioneers who laid the groundwork and broke down barriers with the videos during her generation . In 2003 , VH1 ranked Houston at number three on the list of '50 Greatest Women of the Video Era ' . In February 2012 , TIME , on a photo article in honor of Black History Month , listed her as one of '50 Cultural Giants ' . Gil Kaufman from MTV News said that '' -LSB- Houston -RSB- proved you could make a fuss without making a spectacle , '' and added his view on Houston 's legacy as follows :  The legendary R&B singer -LSB- Houston -RSB- became one of the most important artists of the early music-video era by taking the road less traveled . -LSB- ... -RSB- While such fellow trailblazers as Michael Jackson and Madonna created video fantasy worlds full of monsters , gangsters , street-fighting men and naughty brides , Houston mostly skipped the drama and stood front and center in her most iconic clips doing the thing that she did best : singing her heart out .

neg: American Music Awards of 1987 The 14th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 26 , 1987 .

neg: Frank Sinatra Jr. Francis Wayne `` Frank '' Sinatra ( January 10 , 1944 -- March 16 , 2016 ) , professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr. , was an American singer , songwriter , and conductor .   He was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife , Nancy Barbato Sinatra ; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra ; and older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 .   Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' .   Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards .   On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals .   Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations .   The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .

neg: Poker Face (Lady Gaga song) `` Poker Face '' is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her debut studio album , The Fame ( 2008 ) . It was released on September 26 , 2008 as the album 's second single . `` Poker Face '' is a synthpop song in the key of G minor , following in the footsteps of her previous single `` Just Dance '' , but with a darker musical tone . The main idea behind the song is bisexuality and was a tribute by Gaga to her rock and roll boyfriends . The song 's lyrics feature various sexual innuendos .   `` Poker Face '' was acclaimed by most critics , who praised the robotic hook and the chorus . The song attained worldwide success , topping the charts in twenty countries including the United States , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , Canada and many European countries . `` Poker Face '' is the best-selling single of 2009 worldwide , with over 9.5 million in sales . It is among the best-selling singles of all time , having sold over 14 million copies . The accompanying music video for the song portrays Gaga singing it in various costumes and playing strip poker in a getaway villa .   Gaga performed the song for the eighth season of the television show American Idol as well as the Fame Ball and Monster Ball tours . The live performances included an electronic version and an acoustic version , which she played on the piano . It was nominated for both Song of the Year and Record of the Year at the 52nd Grammy Awards , and won the Award for Best Dance Recording .

neg: The Cure (song) `` The Cure '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Lady Gaga . She co-wrote the song with Paul Blair , Nick Monson , Lukas Nelson , and Mark Nilan ; Detroit City , Gaga , and Monson produced the song . Following `` Perfect Illusion '' and `` Million Reasons '' as singles from Gaga 's fifth album Joanne ( 2016 ) , `` The Cure '' was released as a single on April 16 , 2017 , after her live debut performance of the song at the Coachella music festival where she was a main headliner . It has reached the top 10 of the record charts in Australia , France , Hungary , Scotland , Slovakia and Spain as well as the top 20 in Czech Republic , United Kingdom , Lebanon and Latvia .

neg: Roseland Ballroom The Roseland Ballroom was a multipurpose hall , in a converted ice skating rink , with a colorful ballroom dancing pedigree , in New York City 's theater district , on West 52nd Street in Manhattan .   The venue , according to its website , accommodated 3,200 standing ( with an additional 300 upstairs ) , 2,500 for a dance party , between 1,300 and 1,500 in theatre style , 800-1 ,000 for a sit-down dinner , and 1,500 for a buffet and dancing .   The venue hosted a wide range of events , from a Hillary Clinton birthday party , to annual gay circuit parties , to movie premieres , to musical performances of all genres , including Beyoncé 's Elements of 4 show and internet stars Team StarKid 's Apocalyptour National Concert Tour . It was also known as the place American singer Fiona Apple broke down during a concert in 2000 .   The rear of the venue faced West 53rd Street and the Ed Sullivan Theater .   On October 18 , 2013 , it was announced that the venue would close on April 7 , 2014 . Lady Gaga completed a short residency as the last performer before the Roseland Ballroom closed .

neg: Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other .   After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film .   The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights .   However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .

neg: Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist .   It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . ''   The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist .   Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 .   Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year .   1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .

neg: MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message The MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message is an award handed out at the yearly MTV Video Music Awards , first introduced at the 2011 ceremony . The first winner of the category was Lady Gaga . As of 2015 , Kelly Clarkson , Rise Against , and Beyoncé have received the most nominations in this category , being nominated twice .

neg: Seventia Seventia ( born 5 May 1989 in London ) is a pop singer and songwriter .

neg: House of Deréon House of Deréon was a ready-to-wear fashion line introduced by singer and actress Beyoncé and her mother/stylist Tina Knowles . The style and concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family , with the name `` Deréon '' paying tribute to Beyoncé 's maternal grandmother , Agnèz Deréon ( Mother of Tina Knowles ) . As of 2012 the junior line Deréon has been discontinued .

neg: Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live! Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! is an American concert television special featuring live performances by Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga in support of their collaborative studio album , Cheek to Cheek , released in September 2014 . It was held at the Rose Theater of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in July following the announcement of the album 's release , and was aired on PBS on October 24 , 2014 , as part of the network 's Great Performances series . The concert was watched by an audience consisting of invited guests and students from New York schools . Bennett and Gaga were joined on stage by 39-piece orchestra and jazz musicians associated with both artists . A number of costumes were worn by Gaga , provided by designers including Roberto Cavalli , Michael Costello , Mathieu Mirano , Valentino as well as David Samuel Menkes . The special received one nomination at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards .   Bennett and Gaga performed a total of 13 songs from the album , including the number one singles on Billboards Jazz chart `` Anything Goes '' and `` I Ca n't Give You Anything but Love '' . Before the concert was aired , a number of promotional videos from the show were released . Additionally , PBS announced that the concert was filmed in 4K resolution . On January 20 , 2015 , the DVD and Blu-ray was released , and later for digital download on iTunes Store . It reached the top-ten of the record charts in many countries , reaching number one in the US and Belgium . Bennett and Gaga partnered with LG Electronic , who aired the concert across all retail chains in the United States , on LG 's 4K Ultra High-definition TV screens . Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! became the first concert to be streamed in 4K resolution . The show received positive reviews , with critics praising Gaga and Bennett 's vocals and their camaraderie on stage .

neg: A Katy or a Gaga `` A Katy or a Gaga '' is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-second episode overall . It was written by executive producers Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner , and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 7 , 2013 . The episode features the music of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga , the debut of guest star Adam Lambert as Elliott `` Starchild '' Gilbert , and the return of special guest star Demi Lovato as Dani , Santana 's ( Naya Rivera ) girlfriend .   In this episode , the glee club is challenged to perform music from either Katy Perry or Lady Gaga , whichever performer they have the least affinity for , to stretch their boundaries . Kurt decides to form a band , and is resistant to the idea that he should include Starchild in it following a highly flamboyant yet excellent audition .   The episode was watched by 4.01 million viewers , and received mixed reviews from critics .

neg: Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 .   The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart .   On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts .   The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .

neg: Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music .   Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts .   After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) .   Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .

neg: Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart .   The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' .   Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA .   According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . ''   According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 .   As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 .   The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .