query: Assassin's Creed's developer is Ubisoft.

pos: Assassin's Creed Assassin 's Creed is a franchise centered on an action-adventure video-game series developed by Ubisoft . It depicts in the centuries-old struggle between the Assassins , who fight for peace with free will , and the Templars , who desire peace through control . Featuring historical fiction and characters , mixed with real-world historical events , and figures . The series took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol , while building upon concepts from the Prince of Persia series .   The franchise began in 2007 with the release of Assassin 's Creed . The main videogame series consists of nine games , developed by Ubisoft Montreal ( single player ) and Ubisoft Annecy ( multiplayer ) , released on PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , Xbox One , Wii U , Microsoft Windows , and OS X platforms . Many spin-off games have been made for Nintendo DS , PlayStation Portable , PlayStation Vita , iOS , HP webOS , Android , Nokia Symbian Windows Phone platforms , the handheld games are developed by Gameloft and Gryptonite Studios , with additional development by Ubisoft Montreal . The series has been well received by the public and critics , and has sold over 100 million copies , becoming Ubisoft 's best selling franchise and one of the highest selling video game franchises of all time .   Additionally from the video-games the series has been expanded into a film , comics and novels ; all of which take place within the same continuity as the main video-games series .

neg: Ezio Auditore da Firenze Ezio Auditore da Firenze ( -LSB- ˈettsjo audiˈtoːre da fiˈrentse -RSB- ) is a fictional character in the video game series Assassin 's Creed . His career as an Assassin during the Italian Renaissance serves as central plot of Assassin 's Creed II , II : Discovery , Brotherhood , and Revelations , as well as the animated short film Embers . Ezio also makes an appearance as a playable character in the fighting game Soulcalibur V.   Ezio is an ancestor of Desmond Miles , the protagonist of most of the series ' backstory , who experiences Ezio 's life through a device unlocking hidden memories inside his DNA . First appearing in Assassin 's Creed II , a young Ezio witnesses the execution of his father and brothers at the hands of Templar conspirators . After killing the man responsible for their deaths , Ezio begins a journey to avenge his family and free Italy from Templar control . While rebuilding the Assassin Order , Ezio breaks the Templar dominance in Italy , Spain , and the Ottoman Empire . In his later years , Ezio begins his search for Altaïr 's library in Masyaf and helps restore the Ottoman Assassin Order . After discovering Altaïr 's piece of Eden , he decides to retire from the Assassin Order to live a more peaceful life . The character as such , his depiction , personality and development , as well as the chronicling of his entire life , have received critical acclaim .

neg: Darby McDevitt Darby Christopher McDevitt is a creative scriptwriter and lead writer of Assassin 's Creed at Ubisoft Montreal . He was educated in Bellingham and Dublin and lived in Seattle , Washington briefly .   With a diverse professional profile spanning more than a decade , he has worked as a writer , film maker , musician , and game designer . As an employee of Ubisoft , McDevitt has been the script writer for both the story and dialogue in Assassin 's Creed : Bloodlines , Assassin 's Creed II : Discovery , Assassin 's Creed : Embers and Assassin 's Creed Unity , as well as was the lead writer for Assassin 's Creed : Revelations and Assassin 's Creed IV : Black Flag . In 2014 , Darby was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for his work in Black Flag . Darby is also recognized as a spokesperson for Ubisoft in regards to the Assassin 's Creed franchise .

neg: MercurySteam MercurySteam Entertainment , S.L. is a game developer based in San Sebastián de los Reyes , Spain . The company makes titles for the major platforms , including PC , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . The company was founded by former members of Rebel Act Studios , who previously developed Severance : Blade of Darkness in 2001 . Dave Cox is a producer at Konami who has helped out MercurySteam during the Castlevania : Lords of Shadow trilogy . In 2015 , Nintendo Life reported that MercurySteam had worked on a Metroid prototype for Wii U and 3DS , that was later turned down and possibly retrofitted into a different project .

neg: EA Tiburon EA Tiburon is an Electronic Arts video game development studio located in Maitland , Florida , United States founded in 1994 . It was formerly known as Tiburon Entertainment , which was acquired by EA in 1998 .   The studio is best known for developing the Madden NFL series of games . In addition to the usual titles developed by the studio which include Madden , NCAA Football , NFL Street , NASCAR and NFL Head Coach , in late 2006 Tiburon released the Superman Returns game based on the movie of the same name . EA Tiburon has taken over the Tiger Woods PGA Tour series from EA Salt Lake as of the 2008 edition of the game .

neg: Silicon Studio Silicon Studio is a Japanese computer graphics technology company and video game developer based in Tokyo . As a technology company , Silicon Studio has produced several products in the 3D computer graphics field , including middleware software , such as a post-processing visual effects library called YEBIS , as well as general real-time graphics engines and game development engines , such as OROCHI and Mizuchi , a physically based rendering engine . As a video game developer , Silicon Studio has worked on different titles for several gaming platforms , most notably , the action-adventure game 3D Dot Game Heroes on the PlayStation 3 , the role-playing video game Bravely Default on the Nintendo 3DS , and Fantasica on the iOS and Android mobile platforms .

neg: Acquire (company) is a video game developer based in Japan , mainly known for their Tenchu and Way of the Samurai series .

neg: Mediatonic Mediatonic Games is a British independent games developer founded in September 2005 as Mediatonic Limited . The company operates studios in London and Brighton , United Kingdom .  The company was founded by two undergraduate students , David Bailey and Paul Croft during their final year of study at Brunel University . A group of industry veterans including Ian Livingstone , Kelly Sumner and Geoff Heath , invested in the company in 2010 and the company subsequently raised an undisclosed amount of Venture Capital funding from Frog Capital in January 2012 .  Its business model revolves around Games as a Service and digital distribution .

neg: International Game Developers Association International Game Developers Association ( IGDA ) is the professional association for over 12,000 video and computer game developers worldwide .  It is incorporated in the United States as a non-profit organization .  Its stated mission is `` To advance the careers and enhance the lives of game developers by connecting members with their peers , promoting professional development , and advocating on issues that affect the developer community . ''   In recognition of the wide-ranging , multidisciplinary nature of interactive entertainment , there are supposedly no barriers to entry .

neg: Hexage Hexage is a video game developer , based in the Czech Republic but registered in the United Kingdom . The company has produced multiple titles for mobile devices . A few of studio 's games have surpassed a million downloads . The most successful title is Reaper : Tale of a Pale Swordsman .   The company was founded in 2009 . It originally focused on mobile devices but in 2013 the company released its games for Windows . Reaper : Tale of a Pale Swordsman even became available on Steam as it succeeded on Steam Greenlight . The company also tried to release Radiant Defense on Steam before , and it got released as well .   Even though the company is based in the Czech Republic , it built an image of British company , since in 2009 it was impossible to release video games from the Czech Republic on Google Play . The company develops its games with its own devices . The soundtracks for all the games are by Kubatko

neg: Intelligent Systems is a Japanese video game developer closely affiliated with Nintendo and best known for developing the Fire Emblem , Wars , and Paper Mario series . Originally , the company was headquartered at the Nintendo Kyoto Research Center in Higashiyama-ku , Kyoto , but later moved to a building near Nintendo 's main headquarters in October 2013 .

neg: Spec Ops: The Line Spec Ops : The Line is a 2012 third-person shooter video game developed by the German studio Yager Development and published by 2K Games . It was released internationally in June 2012 for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . It was later released for OS X in 2013 and Linux in 2015 . It is the tenth title , as well as a reboot , of the Spec Ops series , and the first entry since Spec Ops : Airborne Commando in 2002 . The game is powered by Unreal Engine 3 .   In the game , the player controls Captain Martin Walker , who is sent into a post-catastrophe Dubai with an elite Delta Force team on a recon mission . As the game progresses , Walker 's mental health deteriorates , as he begins to experience hallucinations and slowly realizes the horror of war . Players can hide behind cover , vault over obstacles , and shoot enemies while utilizing a variety of gadgets . Sand is a key gameplay mechanic that can be manipulated to defeat enemies . Included with the game is an online multiplayer mode , developed separately by Darkside Game Studios , allowing players to engage in both cooperative and competitive gameplay .   Yager started the game 's development in 2007 , taking inspiration for the setting and story framework from various media , including Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now . The game was designed to be `` physically opposing '' , causing players to question their thoughts about treating war in a video game as entertainment , and tasks players to make a variety of morally ambiguous decisions . The game suffered from multiple delays , and the development team used this time to refine the story and increase the gameplay 's pace . The game 's soundtrack is a mix of licensed music and original music composed by Elia Cmíral .   Video game critics gave Spec Ops : The Line generally positive reviews . Praise focused on the narrative and its themes , while criticism was targeted at the online multiplayer mode and generic third person gameplay . Spec Ops : The Line was a commercial failure and did not garner the attention that distributor Take-Two Interactive had hoped for , but it was awarded and nominated for several end-of-the-year accolades particularly for its story . Yager announced that there would not be a sequel to the game . The game was banned in the United Arab Emirates for its depiction of Dubai in a state of destruction .

neg: Curse, Inc. Curse , Inc. is an online game portal and network of gaming websites founded by Hubert Thieblot in 2006 . The company is headquartered in Huntsville , Alabama , and has offices in San Francisco , New York City , Los Angeles , Brighton , UK , and Berlin , Germany . Claiming to be the `` number one resource for core online gamers , '' Quantcast estimated monthly unique traffic in 2013 in excess of 30 million visitors . Curse has several primary functions , the most notable of which include an add-on and modification service called Curse Client for such games as World of Warcraft , Rift , The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim , Terraria , Kerbal Space Program , and Minecraft , a collection of over 1000 gaming wikis known as Gamepedia , and a Voice over IP ( VoIP ) service called Curse Voice .   Curse formerly sponsored a professional team , known collectively as Team Curse , that competed in League of Legends and Call of Duty '' , which in addition to various high-profile wins have garnered sponsorship from companies such as Nissan , Alienware , and Cooler Master . In January 2015 Team Curse merged with Team Liquid under the name of the latter organization .   While Curse initially offered modifications and add-ons alone through their Curse-Beta website , offerings have expanded to include Wiki services , the Curse client , CurseForge , CurseVoice , Union for Gamers , BukkitDev , and in-house content produced for YouTube .   On August 16 , 2016 , Curse announced that it had agreed to be acquired by Amazon.com Inc. via its subsidiary Twitch Interactive for an undisclosed amount .

neg: Ubisoft Motion Pictures Ubisoft Motion Pictures is a division of the French global video game publisher and developer Ubisoft . It is a film and television production company responsible for the adaptations ' creative control of their games .

neg: Conspiracy Entertainment Conspiracy Entertainment ( formerly Conspiracy Games ) is an American third-party developer video game publisher , publishing games from smaller companies that would face difficulties distributing games themselves . The company has also developed a few games of its own .   Conspiracy Entertainment is currently publishing UMD videos for the PlayStation Portable and games for the Wii console .

neg: Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN .   Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games .   On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine .   The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage .   Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .

neg: List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide .   Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games .   For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .

neg: TaleWorlds Entertainment TaleWorlds Entertainment is an independent Turkish game development company located in Ankara , Turkey , founded in 2005 . TaleWorlds is an official brand of İkisoft Software Company and have been developing PC games under the brand `` TaleWorlds Entertainment '' since 2005 . The company 's first game , Mount & Blade , was completed in September 2008 , its second game Mount & Blade : Warband was released on March 29 , 2010 , and its third game was Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword was released on May 3 , 2011 .  Their studio is located in Middle East Technical University ( METU ) - Technopolis . The studio is currently working on Mount and Blade II : Bannerlord as confirmed in a PC Gamer interview by Designer and Producer Mikail Yazbeck .

neg: Big Huge Games Big Huge Games is a video game developer located in Timonium , Maryland . The company was founded in February 2000 by four veteran game industry developers : Tim Train , David Inscore , Jason Coleman and Brian Reynolds ( lead designer of Alpha Centauri , et al. ) . Their first game , Rise of Nations , was a critical and commercial hit . The original studio became defunct in May 2012 , but the name `` Big Huge Games '' was later reacquired by Reynolds and Train for their new venture ( previously known as SecretNewCo ) . The revived studio released the mobile game DomiNations on Android and iOS in April 2015 .

neg: Triangle Studios Triangle Studios is a mid-sized computer game development company based in Leeuwarden , the Netherlands , founded in 2005 . It has developed several games for the PC , the Nintendo DS and iOS and is currently working on a major game for the PlayStation 3 ( among other consoles ) . On March 2 , 2010 , the company opened a new branch office in Dallas , Texas . They participated in the Tokyo Game Show in 2008 as a part of the Holland Pavilion , in order to establish connections with Japanese publishers and enter the Asian gaming market .

neg: Motive Studios Motive Studios is a Canadian video game development studio owned and operated by Electronic Arts . Founded in July 2015 by Jade Raymond , a former Ubisoft executive and Assassin 's Creed producer , Motive Studios was created to specialize in action-adventure games as well as incubate new intellectual properties . Their first announced project is to work with Redwood Shores-based Visceral Games on an upcoming '' Star Wars video game .   Motive Studios focuses in making action-adventure games and helping Electronic Arts to build up new intellectual properties .   Electronic Arts announced in January 2017 that they have hired Kim Swift as design director within Motive .


query: Room is based on a short story of the same name.

pos: Room (2015 film) Room is a 2015 independent drama film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Emma Donoghue , based on her novel of the same name . It stars Brie Larson as a woman who has been held captive for seven years , and whose 5-year-old son ( Jacob Tremblay ) was born in captivity . Their escape allows the boy to experience the outside world for the first time . The film also stars Joan Allen , Sean Bridgers , and William H. Macy .   A co-production of Canada and Ireland , Room was shot in Toronto , with the eponymous Room set built at Pinewood Toronto Studios . The crew designed each part of the Room set to be removable to fit the crew . Larson researched trauma and nutrition for her part , while numerous children were considered for the role of Jack .   Room premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on 4 September 2015 and had a limited release in the United States on 16 October 2015 , to acclaim from critics . Larson won multiple awards for her performance , including the Academy Award for Best Actress , the BAFTA Award , Golden Globe Award , and the Screen Actors Guild Award . Room also received three other Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture and Best Director .

pos: Room (novel) Room is a 2010 novel by Irish-Canadian author Emma Donoghue . The story is told from the perspective of a five-year-old boy , Jack , who is being held captive in a small room along with his mother . Donoghue conceived the story after hearing about five-year-old Felix in the Fritzl case .   The novel was longlisted for the 2011 Orange Prize and won the 2011 Commonwealth Writers ' Prize regional prize ( Caribbean and Canada ) ; was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2010 and was shortlisted for the 2010 Rogers Writers ' Trust Fiction Prize and the 2010 Governor General 's Awards .   The film adaptation , also titled Room , was released in November 2015 , starring Brie Larson and Jacob Tremblay and was nominated for four Academy Awards , with Larson winning the Academy Award for Best Actress .

neg: House Taken Over `` House Taken Over '' ( Spanish : Casa tomada ) is a 1946 short story by Argentine writer Julio Cortázar . It was originally published in Los anales de Buenos Aires , a literary magazine edited by Jorge Luis Borges , and later included in his volume of stories Bestiario .   It tells the story of a brother and sister living together in their ancestral home which is being `` taken over '' by unknown entities . It starts in a realist manner and it slowly introduces a scene in which natural laws are distorted . The mystery that revolves around what those entities can be interpreted in several ways , and this also makes the genre of the story vary ( fantastic , psychological , magic realism , etc. ) .  Among the resources that are frequent in Cortázar 's story , graphic signs ( such as parenthesis ) are used to reflect censorship . The writer based the house on one located in the city of Chivilcoy in the Province of Buenos Aires , which can still be found in the streets Suipacha and Necochea .

neg: A Literary Nightmare `` A Literary Nightmare '' is a short story written by Mark Twain in 1876 . The story is about Twain 's encounter with an earworm , or virus-like jingle , and how it occupies his mind for several days until he manages to `` infect '' another person , thus removing the jingle from his mind . The story was also later published under the name `` Punch , Brothers , Punch ! ''

neg: The House of Asterion `` The House of Asterion '' ( original Spanish title : `` La casa de Asterión '' ) is a short fantasy and horror story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges , first published in Los Anales de Buenos Aires in May 1947 . It was reprinted in the short-story collection El Aleph in 1949 .

neg: Room to Read Room to Read is a non-profit organization for improving literacy and gender equality in education in the developing world . Headquartered in San Francisco , California , and founded on the belief that `` World Change Starts With Educated Children , '' the organization focuses on working in collaboration with local communities , partner organizations and governments . Room to Read develops literacy skills and the habit of reading among primary school children , and supports girls in completing secondary school with the relevant life skills to succeed in school and beyond .   Room to Read is serving communities in ten countries in Asia and Africa : South Africa , Zambia , Tanzania , Sri Lanka , India , Nepal , Bangladesh , Laos , Cambodia , and Vietnam .

neg: Where I'm Calling From `` Where I 'm Calling From '' is a short story by American author Raymond Carver . The story focuses on the effects of alcohol . Throughout this story Carver experiments with the use of quotation and meditates on the healing factors of storytelling . This story also lends its title to a collection of thirty-seven short stories compiled by Carver , Where I 'm Calling From : New and Selected Stories .

neg: Room 10 Room 10 is a 2006 Jennifer Aniston co-directed short film starring Robin Wright .

neg: The Weapon (short story) `` The Weapon '' is a short story by the American science fiction writer Isaac Asimov . Written in September 1938 when Asimov was 18 , it was first published in the May 1942 issue of Super Science Stories under a pseudonym , H.B. Ogden . Because of the pseudonym , Asimov forgot that this story had ever been published and so , assuming that it had been rejected and believing that he no longer had a copy of it , he omitted it from The Early Asimov ( 1972 ) , a collection of his earliest stories . In that book he listed `` The Weapon '' among eleven of his short stories that had been lost forever . However , while writing the first volume of his autobiography , In Memory Yet Green ( 1979 ) , Asimov came across an entry in his diary which reminded him that the story had indeed been published . Obtaining a copy of the relevant magazine , he ensured that the story was published in chapter 30 of that book .

neg: Selected Shorts Selected Shorts is an event at New York 's Symphony Space on the Upper West Side , in which screen and stage actors read classic and new short fiction before a live audience . The stage show began in 1985 and continues today at Symphony Space 's Peter Jay Sharp Theater .   The annual season of the live events at Symphony Space begins in the mid-fall and ends in mid-spring . There is a theme to each Selected Shorts episode and performance . Several stories are presented around each theme . The stories are always fiction , sometimes classic , sometimes new , always performed by actors from stage , screen and television who bring these short stories to life . Evenings are often co-hosted by writers , literary producers , and other interesting characters . Symphony Space 's Artistic Director Isaiah Sheffer formerly hosted the live events , although many Selected Shorts also feature guest hosts , often well-known writers , who also choose which stories will be read . Mr. Sheffer died on November 9 , 2012 at age 76 . Actor BD Wong acts as the host of the live events since the fall of 2012 .   The readings are recorded live and become the basis of a one-hour radio program , hosted by actors , authors , and entertainers such as David Sedaris , Stephen Colbert , Cynthia Nixon , Wyatt Cenac , and Jane Kaczmarek , with literary commentator Hannah Tinti of One Story Magazine , and are produced in conjunction with WNYC . The programs are distributed by Public Radio International and air on PRI-affiliated public radio stations in the United States . The radio program airs weekly throughout the year .   Originally , the program was distributed by National Public Radio . However , in October 2007 , it moved its distribution to PRI , Public Radio International .   The program 's theme is David Peterson 's `` That 's the Deal , '' performed by the Deardorf/Peterson group . Until 2011 , the radio show began and ended with the piano and cello duet `` Come to the Meadow '' by Roger Kellaway .

neg: Someday (short story) `` Someday '' is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov . It was first published in the August 1956 issue of Infinity Science Fiction and reprinted in the collections Earth Is Room Enough ( 1957 ) , The Complete Robot ( 1982 ) , Robot Visions ( 1990 ) , and The Complete Stories , Volume 1 ( 1990 ) .

neg: A Room in Chelsea Square A Room in Chelsea Square is a 1958 British gay novel by Michael Nelson , originally published anonymously due to its homosexual content and `` thinly veiled portrayals of prominent London literary figures . '' It is about a wealthy gentleman who lures an attractive younger man to London with the promise of an upper crust lifestyle .

neg: The Hole Man `` The Hole Man '' is a short story by American writer Larry Niven . It won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1975 .   In this story , a team of explorers and scientists on Mars encounter an alien base , in which there is a still-functional communication device . One scientist believes that at the center of the device is a tiny black hole , but his superior does not believe him . During a heated argument with his superior , the scientist turns off the containment field , releasing the black hole . The hole drops right through his superior , killing him as it falls towards the center of the planet . At the end of the story , the release of the black hole is revealed to possibly endanger the explorers as it consumes Mars .

neg: Chambre de bonne A chambre de bonne is a type of French apartment consisting of a single room in a middle-class house or apartment building . It is generally found on the top floor and only accessible by a staircase , sometimes a separate `` service staircase '' . Initially , these rooms were intended as the bedroom for one of the family 's domestics , and the name originates from the colloquial name for such maids : a `` bonne à tout faire '' . Today , chambres de bonne are usually the cheapest rung on the Parisian letting market , and are primarily rented by less well-off workers and students . They are also in high demand among workers who wish to maintain a small room or postal address in a big city , especially Paris .   Due to the social level of the envisaged occupants , chambres de bonne are characterised by their tight proportions . The rooms usually have a surface area of around 6 -- 12 m2 , which is sometimes accentuated by being in a garret . They tend to offer minimal facilities : toilets are usually shared with the neighbouring rooms , and located on the landing .   Chambres de bonne have nevertheless been the object of legislation to preserve their occupants ' quality of life and health . In the twentieth century , the French government stipulated that all rental properties must have a minimum surface area of 9 m2 , a volume of 20 m3 , and openings ( windows , doors , etc. ) equivalent to an eighth of the surface area .   In recent years , landlords have attempted to rebrand their chambres de bonne by advertising them as studettes , a hitherto-unknown category of housing for smaller studios ( broadly , those of 12 m2 or less ) . Since most listings agencies do not recognise a firm distinction between `` studios '' and `` studettes '' , chambres de bonne may also simply be advertised as studios . Parisian apartment-hunters are , nevertheless , often able to infer that a studio is a chambre de bonne from its listing , due to the distinctive features described above .

neg: Writing center Many educational institutions maintain a writing center that provides students with free assistance on their papers , projects , reports , multimodal documents , web pages , et cetera from consultants . A key goal of any writing center is helping writers to learn . Typical services include help with the purpose , structure , function of writing , and are geared toward writers of all levels and fields of study . Writing centers attempt to provide non-proscriptive and non-corrective response , instead relying on a fuller explanation of why a piece of writing may fail to fulfill the writer 's aims . The goal is to help a writer learn to address the various exigences that she may encounter with the realization that no writing is decontextualized -- it always addresses a specific audience .   A writing center usually offers individualized conferencing whereby the writing tutor offers his or her feedback on the piece of writing at hand ; a writing tutor 's main function is to discuss how the piece of writing might be revised . However , the tutor usually does not proofread nor edit the student 's work . Instead , the tutor facilitates the student 's attempts to revise his or her own work by conversing with the student about the topic at hand , discussing principles and processes of writing , modeling rhetorical and syntactical moves for the student to apply , and assisting the student in identifying patterns of grammatical error in his or her writing .   Historically , writing centers in American universities began appearing as `` writing labs '' in the early 20th century . Elizabeth Boquet and Stephen North point to the origins of the writing laboratory as first a method , not a place , where `` the key characteristic of which appears to have been that all work was to be done during class time '' . This was to allow the student to compose with the teacher present , able to help with any revisions or questions the student may have . However , as class sizes and universities grew , Writing Centers began to develop as university institutions , often conceived of as an editing service for students . Faculty , students , staff , and administrators often viewed writing centers as places for remediation . At their best , however , they are places where all students , including the best ones , can get better , a place ( according to Karen Head ) , `` that returns to the ideal of a safe space for active debate and discourse about the best ways to communicate in a variety of modes . ''   Some institutions also offer an Online Writing Lab ( OWL ) , which generally attempts to follow the model of writing center tutoring in an online environment . These environments have been said to be a step toward a new model of writing centers , a model known as Multiliteracy Centers . Another environment that could fall under this category is a physical space known as a digital studio .   While some institutions do not have writing centers , a number offer similar support through entities which have a wider remit ( scope ) . These might typically be called Academic Skills Units or Learning Development Groups .   A recent movement in writing centers has been to provide services for the non-academic community . Such services include one-to-one response for out-of-school writers , and workshops on a wide variety of topics . Such writing centers are often identified as community writing centers .   Writing centers are not exclusively a post-secondary phenomenon . Some high schools have successfully created writing centers similar to the model in higher education .   No longer strictly an American phenomenon , writing centers have spread in other world regions as well . The European Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing ( EATAW ) is in part concerned with the study and advancement of writing centers in European universities . The International Writing Centers Association ( IWCA ) is committed to supporting writing centers from around the world , with current regional associations in Europe and proposed associations in the Middle East , South Africa , and the Far East .   In many cases , writing center directors or writing program administrators ( WPAs ) are responsible for conducting writing center assessment , and must communicate these results to academic administration and various stakeholders . Assessment is seen as beneficial for writing centers because it leads us to assume the professional and ethical behaviors important not just for writing centers but for all higher education .

neg: Girl (short story) `` Girl '' is a short story written by Jamaica Kincaid that was included in At the Bottom of the River ( 1983 ) . It appeared in the June 26 , 1978 issue of The New Yorker .

neg: Room (disambiguation) A room is a distinguishable space within a structure .   Room may also refer to :

neg: How We Went to Mars `` How We Went to Mars '' is a short story by Arthur C. Clarke . It was first published in March 1938 in the third and final issue of the magazine Amateur Science Stories . This humorous story is about a group of British rocket scientists who travel to Mars aboard one of their rockets and their interactions with Martian society .   This short story was awarded the 1939 Retro Hugo at Loncon 3 in 2014 .

neg: Guestroom (album) Guestroom is the fourth studio album by the band Ivy . It was released on September 10 , 2002 by Minty Fresh and Unfiltered Records . Unlike the group 's previous albums , the album consisted entirely of cover songs , without any new material . Some of the songs featured on the album were previously released as B-sides to the band 's singles .   Two singles were released from Guestroom . Lead single , `` Digging Your Scene '' was previously recorded for Ivy 's previous studio release , Long Distance ( 2001 ) , but an updated version appeared on this album for the single release . `` Let 's Go to Bed '' was released as the final single for the album in late 2002 . Another song , `` I Guess I 'm Just a Little Too Sensitive '' , was also previously recorded on their debut extended play , Lately .   Upon release , Guestroom featured mostly positive reviews from music critics , who praised the covers included on the album . Dominique Durand 's vocals were also praised for being `` wispy '' and `` warm '' .   The Japanese edition of Guestroom was reissued on April 18 , 2015 , in the United States by Minty Fresh .

neg: Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened  `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . '   `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay .   Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) .   Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' ''  ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) .   Implications   Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied .   Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) .   Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) .   Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) .   Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World .   Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 .   Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham ,  NC : Duke University Press .   Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 .   Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis .   Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .

neg: Mr. Prokharchin `` Mr. Prokharchin '' ( Господин Прохарчин , Gospodin Prokharchin ) is a short story written in 1846 by Fyodor Dostoyevsky and first published in the Annals of the Fatherland . Inspired by a true story , the story depicts the miserly life of the protagonist , Mr. Prokharchin , a patronym derived from the Russian word for ` grub ' or ` vittles ' , kharchi . He lives an extremely poor life , eating frugal meals and sleeping on a mattress directly on the floor . His landlady and the other tenants feel sorry for him . On his death , they eventually discover that the man was in fact wealthy and was living in that way voluntarily . He was hiding his fortune inside his mattress .   In his review of the short story , Lantz comments that '' ` Mr. Prokharchin , ' dreams dreams , in which the accumulation of money figures prominently , express his anxiety about his sense of self and his guilt over the selfishness that has isolated him from other human beings . '' Vissarion Belinsky felt it is `` affected , maniéré , and incomprehensible '' .

neg: The Watery Place `` The Watery Place '' is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov . It was first published in the October 1956 issue of Satellite Science Fiction and reprinted in the 1957 collection Earth Is Room Enough . It is Asimov 's only science fiction story set in Idaho .


query: Manchester City F.C. is not one of the wealthiest clubs in the world.

pos: Manchester City F.C. Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester , England . Founded in 1880 as St. Mark 's ( West Gorton ) , they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894 . The club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003 , having played at Maine Road since 1923 .   The club 's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s when they won the League Championship , FA Cup , League Cup and European Cup Winners ' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison . After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final , the club went through a period of decline , culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998 . Having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s , the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has become one of the wealthiest in the world . Since 2011 the club have won five major honours , including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014 .   By 2015 -- 16 , Manchester City had the fifth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of $ 463.5 million . In 2016 , Forbes magazine estimated they were the world 's sixth most valuable football club , worth $ 1.92 billion .

neg: Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture .   British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital .   The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine .   The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .

neg: English football bribery scandal The 1905 English football bribery scandal was an event of corruption that surfaced at the conclusion of the 1904-05 football season . It centred on the accusations that Manchester City player Billy Meredith had been offered bribes to purposely lose their final league match of the season against Aston Villa .   It resulted in the manager of Man City ( Tom Maley ) and former Chairman ( W.Forrest ) being banned from English football sine die , 2 directors ( Allison and Davies ) suspended for seven months , a further five directors dismissed , and a total of 17 players were banned from ever playing for the club again . Among the players banned was Billy Meredith , who was banned from football for 18 months and was transferred to City 's local rivals Manchester United before the end of his ban .

neg: 2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 .   United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final .   United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .

neg: Dimitris Melissanidis Dimitris Melissanidis ( Greek : Δημήτρης Μελισσανίδης ) born June 15 , 1951 in Nikaia , Greece , is a Greek business shipping magnate and oil tycoon who is one of Greece 's most successful businessmen . Dimitris Melissanidis who is nicknamed `` Tiger '' is sometimes described as the largest independent supplier of fuel oil on the planet .   He is the founder and ex-owner of Aegean Marine Petroleum Network Inc. which is the largest independent fuel supplier in the world . He also owned the second largest Oil company in Greece , Aegean Oil and an indirect minority shareholder of OPAP , which is Europe 's biggest betting firm , via Emma Delta Investment Fund and leader of AEK Athens F.C. .   Melissanidis was ranked 98th in 2015 and 97th in 2014 in the world in the Lloyd 's List Top 100 Most Influential People in the Shipping Industry and has been repeatedly acknowledged for his prestigious international shipping contribution . Melissanidis has also been acknowledged for his successful business career on Forbes magazine .   He has served as AEK Athens Football Club 's thirtieth ( 30th ) and thirty second ( 32nd ) president , serving from 1992 -- 1993 and 1994-1995 respectively . He was also president of AEK during 1998-1999 but ENIC Group was the shareholder .   On June 7 , 2013 , with AEK relegated to the Amateur Division because of financial problems , Dimitris Melissanidis became again active for the club as an administrative leader . Later , together with other notable AEK fans and old players , they created the non-profit association `` Union Friends of AEK '' ( Enosi Filon AEK ) which took the majority stake of the football club .

neg: Bank of England club The Bank of England club is a nickname in English association football for a football club which has a strong financial backing . It was used to refer to Arsenal F.C. in the 1930s as well as in recent times for being the last of the Premier League 's Big Four clubs to be owned primarily by English investors .

neg: Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons .   The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators .   Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .

neg: Heroes and Villains (football fanzine) Heroes and Villains is the title of a football fanzine written by and primarily aimed at fans of Aston Villa F.C. . It was launched in 1989 , and has been in regular print ever since , long surpassing 100 issues .   It has been edited from the start by Dave Woodhall . Although of course primarily concerned directly with the fortunes of Aston Villa , occasionally other general football articles and humorous , nostalgic pieces are to be found amongst its pages .   It was often critical of Doug Ellis who was the chairman of Aston Villa during the period 1982 to 2006 ( his second spell at the club ) . He was seen by many fans as being complacent and unambitious regarding the fortunes of the team .   As with most fanzines , many articles contain much baiting of local rival football clubs and their fans , in this case chiefly Birmingham City F.C. and West Bromwich Albion F.C.   However , a goodly part of the fanzine 's contents consist of contributors ' personal views on and memories of experiences derived from being a supporter of Aston Villa . Aston Villa 's richly varied history , particularly that of the last 25 years and within living memory of most contributors , consisting as it does of Villa 's League Championship and European Cup winning achievements of '81 and ' 82 , their mid '80s decline culminating in relegation in ' 87 , followed by a revival under Graham Taylor 's management which led to an unexpected league runners-up spot just 3 seasons later , provides much material . As does a further , also unexpected , runners up placing in ' 93 , league cup triumphs in '94 and ' 96 , and the generally solid but unspectacular performance of the team , up to the 2005-2006 season 's underachievements and the broad feeling of dissatisfaction with the way the club was being run .   Something of a running joke in the fanzine concerns Villa 's underachievement in the FA Cup , the club having not won the competition since 1957 , with their only final appearance since then consisting of a dismal performance in losing 1-0 to the pre-Roman Abramovich Chelsea in 2000 . As the 3rd round of the competition - Villa 's usual entry point - approaches each season , many fans come to the agreement that this year is definitely `` our year for the cup ... ''   For the start of the 2014-15 season , the fanzine phased out the paper publishing format of distribution , and is now available only to download to computers , mobile devices , and so on .   The fanzine also spawned a website forum which remains very popular among Villa supporters .

neg: Fenway Sports Group Fenway Sports Group , LLC ( FSG ) , is an American sports investment company . It is the parent company of Major League Baseball 's Boston Red Sox and Premier League soccer club Liverpool F.C.   FSG was founded in 2001 as New England Sports Ventures ( NESV ) when John W. Henry joined forces with Tom Werner , Les Otten , The New York Times Company , and other investors to successfully bid for the Red Sox . NESV formally announced its name change to Fenway Sports Group in March 2011 .   In addition to owning the Red Sox and Liverpool F.C. , the Boston-based limited liability company also owns the home stadiums for both teams ( Fenway Park and Anfield ) and Fenway Sports Management ( which in turn owns the Salem Red Sox of the Class A Carolina League , a minor league baseball franchise ) , plus 80 % of the New England Sports Network ( NESN ) and 50 % of Roush Fenway Racing , with cars entered ( current as of 2015 season ) in the NASCAR Sprint Cup , NASCAR Xfinity and IMSA Sports Car racing competitions .   In an April 2014 article in Forbes , senior editor Kurt Badenhausen called FSG `` the most sophisticated , synergistic player in the coming age of international sports conglomerates '' .

neg: 1936–37 Manchester City F.C. season The 1936 -- 37 season was Manchester City F.C. 's forty-sixth season of league football .

neg: England 2018 FIFA World Cup bid England 2018 was the Football Association 's unsuccessful bid for the right to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup . FIFA invited bidding countries to bid for either the 2018 or the 2022 finals , or both . The FA initially decided to bid for both , but with the withdrawal of all non-European bids for the 2018 event , this bid , and that of all other European bidding nations , were effectively disqualified from eligibility for the 2022 edition .   England 's bid was managed by England 2018/2022 Bidding Nation Ltd. . This company was established by The FA for the purpose of bringing the World Cup tournament to England for the first time since 1966 . England attempted to host the 2006 FIFA World Cup but lost out to Germany . England hosted the 1966 FIFA World Cup and had the campaign been successful , England would have become the sixth nation to host the World Cup for a second time . It won the right to host Euro ' 96 . Andy Anson , England 2018 Chief Executive , called for humility with England 's bid claiming they `` must not fall victim to arrogance '' and that lessons had been learned from the unsuccessful attempt to host the 2006 competition . Anson stated that `` the tone of this campaign has to be different .

neg: Mike Ashley (businessman) Michael James Wallace `` Mike '' Ashley ( born 9 September 1964 ) is an English billionaire retail entrepreneur in the sporting goods market . He is also the owner of Newcastle United after paying around # 135 million to buy the club .   Ranked 15th ( in Britain only ) in the 2012 version of Forbes magazine with estimated wealth of # 1.5 billion , Ashley was seen as an intensely private person , who never attended industry functions or gave interviews . Philip Beresford , who compiles the annual Sunday Times list , said neither he nor his staff have ever managed to contact Ashley , and in 2006 described him as `` easily Britain 's answer to the late Howard Hughes '' .   Since Sports Direct International Plc went public , and his purchase of Newcastle United where he took to sitting in the stands with fans , Ashley took on a more public and accessible persona . However , after the departure of Kevin Keegan as manager and the club 's relegation , he has only made low key appearances when attending Newcastle matches . As of October 2014 , Ashley also owns an 8.92 % stake in Scottish football club Rangers .

neg: United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with .   Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares .   Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .

neg: The National Fund The National Fund is a British charity whose purpose is to pay off the final amount of the United Kingdom national debt .   The fund was set up in 1928 with a # 500,000 anonymous donation . It has been suggested that the donor pledged the money as a response to a 1919 Financial Times editorial by then-Financial Secretary to the Treasury Stanley Baldwin , which suggested patriotic rich citizens to voluntarily contribute towards paying the national debt accumulated from World War I.   The fund , which is managed by Barclays , is worth # 351.4 m as of February 2013 . As of February 2012 , it was the United Kingdom 's 29th richest charity .   Since 2009 , Barclays has been trying to release the funds . The donor stipulated that part of the funds to be released if `` in -LSB- the trustees -RSB- opinion at any time or times national exigencies -LSB- should -RSB- require '' .

neg: Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .

neg: City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City .   A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states .   Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .

neg: Football in Bangladesh Throughout history , football has been the most popular sport in Bangladesh and is governed by the Bangladesh Football Federation ( BFF ) .   Compared to the past , the standard of Bangladeshi football has degraded due to mismanagement , lack of support and poor investment . An interest in cricket resulting from the nation 's success in Test Cricket and participation in the Cricket World Cup overshadowed the past fame in the nation 's football . But however this did not affect football 's popularity . More football tournaments are organized in and outside Dhaka than of any other sports and football fever grips the nation during every FIFA World Cup . Federation officials and experts are still hopeful about the development of football in the country in the next ten years despite financial obstacles and lack of professionalism .

neg: Mumbai City FC Mumbai City FC ( MMB ) is an Indian professional football franchise based in Mumbai , Maharashtra , which competes in Indian Super League ( ISL ) . The club was launched in August 2014 during the ISL 's inaugural season . The team is co-owned by Bollywood actor Ranbir Kapoor and Bimal Parekh , a chartered accountant .   Former England international Peter Reid managed the club and Fredrik Ljungberg was the marquee player for the first season . For the second season , it was announced that Nicolas Anelka will don the position of marquee player as well as manager of the club . In 2016 , Diego Forlán played as the marquee player while Alexandre Guimarães took over as the new manager . For the first time Mumbai City topped the league table .

neg: Early grounds of Manchester City F.C. Before Manchester City Football Club moved into their first permanent home in Manchester , England , in 1887 , the club played at a short series of grounds which ranged from established cricket venues to bumpy fields with no stands or boundaries nor history of sporting usage . The club was founded as a philanthropic endeavour to encourage impressionable youths to commit to wholesome activities rather than falling to the local adolescent culture of alcohol and violence . The sport of football was barely 15 years from the writing of its own rulebook . The club had no immediate option of using or constructing a stadium , and thus most of their first locations were nothing more than painted lines and goalposts . As the club reformed and changed its name twice between 1880 and 1887 , soits choice of locations were a series of low-cost , short-term solutions when their current location became untenable . In 1887 , when City moved to their sixth pitch in only eight years , they had the money , ambition , reputation and stability to construct themselves a more permanent base of operations , at the stadium named Hyde Road .

neg: Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . ''   Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations .   Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation .   In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues .   `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .

neg: Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers Football Club -LSB- ˈblækbɜrn_ˈroʊvərz -RSB- is a professional association football club based in Ewood , Blackburn in the county of Lancashire , England . It competes in League One following its relegation from the Championship at the conclusion of the 2016 -- 17 season .   The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 . It is one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League ( the others being Aston Villa and Everton ) . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups and one Football League Cup . Blackburn are the only extant club to have won three consecutive FA Cups . The club has spent the majority of its existence in the top flight of English football ( 72 years ) .   In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998 -- 99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000 -- 01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times : once as League Cup winners , twice as the Premier League 's sixth-placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup . The 2011 -- 12 season marked the club 's 72nd , non-consecutive , year in the top flight . Rovers are currently one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League , along with Arsenal , Chelsea , Manchester United , Manchester City and Leicester City .   The club 's motto is `` Arte et Labore '' , `` By Skill and Hard Work '' in Latin .


query: Jennifer Grey appeared in a romantic drama dance film.

pos: Jennifer Grey Jennifer Grey ( born March 26 , 1960 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles in the 1980s films Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) and Dirty Dancing ( 1987 ) , for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination . She is also known for her 2010 victory in season eleven of the American version of Strictly Come Dancing . Grey is the daughter of Academy Award -- winning actor Joel Grey and former actress/singer Jo Wilder . Grey currently stars in the Amazon Studios comedy series Red Oaks .

neg: Romance Out of the Blue Romance Out of the Blue is a 2015 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Ning Ying . The film was released on October 23 , 2015 .

neg: The Grey Dance The Grey Dance is a painting by Väinö Kunnas , from 1928 .

neg: Trust (2010 film) Trust is a 2010 American drama thriller film directed by David Schwimmer and based on a screenplay by Andy Bellin and Robert Festinger , and an uncredited story by Schwimmer . It stars Viola Davis , Clive Owen , Catherine Keener , Jason Clarke , and Liana Liberato .   The film is about a teenage girl who becomes a victim of sexual abuse when she befriends a man on the Internet .

neg: Lawrence Grey (producer) Lawrence Grey is a Canadian-American film and television producer .   Grey launched his production company Grey Matter Productions in 2013 . Grey Matter 's first film , Lights Out , was released by Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema on July 22 , 2016 .

neg: Dance Star Dance Star is a 2010 British dance musical film set in Essex , UK . It was written and directed by Steven M. Smith . The cast includes Bruce Payne , Megan Little Vivien Creegor and Jon-Paul Gates .

neg: Everly (film) Everly is a 2014 American action thriller film directed by Joe Lynch and written by Yale Hannon based on a story by Lynch and Hannon . The film stars Salma Hayek as the title character with Akie Kotabe , Jennifer Blanc , Masashi Fujimoto , Togo Igawa , Gabriella Wright , Caroline Chikezie , Laura Cepeda , and Hiroyuki Watanabe in supporting roles .   The film was released via iTunes on January 23 , 2015 , and received a limited theatrical release on February 27 , 2015 , by Dimension Films .

neg: Dream Boy (film) Dream Boy is a 2008 gay-themed romantic drama film written and directed by James Bolton and based on Jim Grimsley 's 1995 novel of the same name about two gay teenagers who fall in love in the rural South during the late 1970s .

neg: Dance Music (album) Dance Music is the soundtrack album by Welsh multi-instrumentalist and composer John Cale . It was released in 1998 on Detour Records label . It was produced by Cale and his then collaborator Jean-Michel Reusser . It is original music score for Ed Wubbe 's ballet about Cale 's long-time collaborator Nico . Most of the songs was performed by Dutch group Ice Nine ( except `` Ari Sleepy Too '' and `` Nibelungen '' by Nico and `` España '' by Cale on piano ) .

neg: Step Up (film) Step Up is a 2006 American romantic dance film directed by Anne Fletcher starring Channing Tatum and Jenna Dewan . Set in Baltimore , Maryland , the film follows the tale of the disadvantaged Tyler Gage ( Channing Tatum ) and the privileged modern dancer Nora Clark ( Jenna Dewan ) , who find themselves paired up in a showcase that determines both of their futures . Realizing that they only have one chance , they finally work together . The film is the first installment in the Step Up series and was followed by four sequels , Step Up 2 : The Streets ( 2008 ) , Step Up 3D ( 2010 ) , Step Up Revolution ( 2012 ) and Step Up : All In ( 2014 ) .

neg: Body Language (2011 film) Body Language is an 2011 Dutch romance-dance film . Filming started in January 2011 and completed in July 2011 .   Set in New York City , the movie follows five different dancers from different dance crews who came on their own to New York for a dance competition , while their subsidy has been withdrawn , and these die-hard dancers come on their own to fulfill their dreams while juggling with no money and each other 's different personalities .

neg: Sweet Hearts Dance Sweet Hearts Dance is a 1988 American comedy drama film directed by Robert Greenwald . The screenplay by Ernest Thompson centers on two small town couples , one married for several years and the other at the beginning of their relationship .   The film was shot on location in Hyde Park , Vermont at Brendan Mullins ' house . Mayor of Burlington , future Vermont Senator and 2016 presidential candidate Bernie Sanders makes a cameo appearance in the film .

neg: Second Dance Second Dance ( Andra dansen ) is a 1983 Swedish drama film directed by Lárus Ýmir Óskarsson . Kim Anderzon won the award for Best Actress at the 19th Guldbagge Awards .

neg: Lady Jennifer (film) Lady Jennifer is a 1915 British silent drama film directed by James Warry Vickers and starring Barbara Rutland and Harry Royston . The film was an adaptation of the novel of the same title by John Strange Winter .

neg: Lie with Me Lie with Me is a Canadian drama film with graphic , unsimulated sexual content that played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival . It is based on the novel of the same name by Tamara Faith Berger . The film features Lauren Lee Smith and Eric Balfour . Its plot concerns an outgoing , sexually aggressive young woman who meets and begins a torrid affair with an equally aggressive young man , which brings a strain on their personal lives . The backdrop of a very hot summer in the city adds to the steamy nature of the relationship .   Set and shot in Toronto ( primarily The Annex ) , the film was directed by Clement Virgo .   Included in the soundtrack is music by Broken Social Scene and Annelise Noronha .

neg: Honeydripper (film) Honeydripper is a 2007 American musical drama film written and directed by John Sayles .

neg: Cloud Dancer Cloud Dancer is a 1980 aviation drama film directed by Barry Brown . The film stars David Carradine , Jennifer O'Neill and Joseph Bottoms . Cloud Dancer follows a competition aerobatic pilot throughout his show season .

neg: Mister John Mister John is a 2013 thriller film by Joe Lawlor and Christine Molloy , their second feature film following their debut Helen . It stars Aidan Gillen , Zoe Tay , Michael Thomas , and Claire Keelan .

neg: Dancing Queen (2012 film) Dancing Queen is 2012 South Korean romantic comedy film starring Uhm Jung-hwa and Hwang Jung-min . The film tells a story of a married couple , who in the midst of their mundane lives decides to pursue their lost dreams . The husband finds himself accidentally running for Mayor of Seoul and his wife decides to become a pop singer . It was produced by JK Film and distributed by CJ Entertainment , and released on January 18 , 2012 .

neg: Mother! Mother ! ( stylized as mother ! ) is an upcoming American black comedy psychological thriller film , written and directed by Darren Aronofsky . It stars Jennifer Lawrence , Javier Bardem , Michelle Pfeiffer , Domhnall Gleeson , Ed Harris and Kristen Wiig . Paramount Pictures plans to release the film on October 13 , 2017 .

neg: Talk Talk Talk (film) is a 2007 Japanese youth romantic drama film directed by Hideyuki Hirayama .