query: One of the Beatles's co-founders was John Lennon.

pos: John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon , ( born John Winston Lennon ; 9 October 19408 December 1980 ) was an English guitarist , singer , and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles , the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music . He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership .   Born and raised in Liverpool , Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager ; his first band , the Quarrymen , first became the Silver Beatles , and finally , evolved into the Beatles in 1960 . When the group disbanded in 1970 , Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine , and songs such as `` Give Peace a Chance '' , `` Working Class Hero '' , and `` Imagine '' . After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969 , he added `` Ono '' as one of his middle names . Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean , but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy . He was murdered three weeks after its release .   Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music , writing , drawings , on film and in interviews . Controversial through his political and peace activism , he moved to Manhattan in 1971 , where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon 's administration to deport him , while some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture .   By 2012 , Lennon 's solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and , as writer , co-writer , or performer , he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart . In 2002 , a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and , in 2008 , Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time . He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 , and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist .

pos: The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 . With members John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr , they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era . Rooted in skiffle , beat and 1950s rock and roll , the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles , ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock , often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways . In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as `` Beatlemania '' , and as the group 's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years , led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s .   The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960 , with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player . The core of Lennon , McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers , including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in 1962 . Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act , and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings , greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit , `` Love Me Do '' , in late 1962 . They acquired the nickname `` the Fab Four '' as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year , and by early 1964 became international stars , leading the `` British Invasion '' of the United States pop market . From 1965 onwards , the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings , including the albums Rubber Soul ( 1965 ) , Revolver ( 1966 ) , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( 1967 ) , The Beatles ( commonly known as the White Album , 1968 ) and Abbey Road ( 1969 ) . After their break-up in 1970 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths . McCartney and Starr , the surviving members , remain musically active . Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980 , and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001 .   The Beatles are the best-selling band in history , with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide . They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act . According to the RIAA , the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States , with 178 million certified units . In 2008 , the group topped Billboard magazine 's list of the all-time most successful `` Hot 100 '' artists ; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty . They have received ten Grammy Awards , an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards . The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 , and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015 . They were also collectively included in Time magazine 's compilation of the twentieth century 's 100 most influential people .

neg: Yoko Ono Yoko Ono ( born February 18 , 1933 ) is a Japanese multimedia artist , singer , songwriter , and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking . She performs in both English and Japanese . She is the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles .   Ono grew up in Tokyo and studied at Gakushuin . She withdrew from her course after two years and rejoined her family in New York in 1953 . She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College , and then became involved in New York City 's downtown artists scene , including the Fluxus group . She first met Lennon in 1966 at her own art exhibition in London , and they became a couple in 1968 . With their performance Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal in 1969 , Ono and Lennon famously used their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War . She brought feminism to the forefront in her music , influencing artists as diverse as the B-52s and Meredith Monk . Ono achieved commercial and critical acclaim in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy , a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his death .   Public appreciation of Ono 's work has shifted over time , helped by a retrospective at a Whitney Museum branch in 1989 and the 1992 release of the six-disc box set Onobox . Retrospectives of her artwork have also been presented at the Japan Society in New York City in 2001 , in Bielefeld , Germany , and the UK in 2008 , Frankfurt , and Bilbao , Spain , in 2013 and MOMA in New York City in 2015 . She received a Golden Lion Award for lifetime achievement from the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the 2012 Oskar Kokoschka Prize , Austria 's highest award for applied contemporary art .   As Lennon 's widow , Ono works to preserve his legacy . She funded Strawberry Fields in Manhattan 's Central Park , the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland , and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama , Japan ( which closed in 2010 ) . She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts , peace , Philippine and Japan disaster relief , and other causes . In 2012 Yoko Ono received the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt . The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary , non-violent commitment to human rights . Ono continues her social activism , inaugurating a biennial $ 50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace in 2002 and co-founding the group Artists Against Fracking in 2012 . She has a daughter , Kyoko Chan Cox , from her marriage to Anthony Cox and a son , Sean Taro Ono Lennon , from her marriage to Lennon . She collaborates musically with Sean Lennon .

neg: I'm Happy Just to Dance with You `` I 'm Happy Just to Dance with You '' is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by the Beatles for the film soundtrack to A Hard Day 's Night . Lead vocals are by George Harrison , whose performance in the film marked the first mass media depiction of Harrison singing lead .

neg: Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles .   As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording .   While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .

neg: Tell Me Why (Beatles song) `` Tell Me Why '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their album A Hard Day 's Night . In North America , it was released on both the American version of A Hard Day 's Night and the album Something New . Credited to Lennon -- McCartney , it was written by John Lennon in either Paris or New York City and recorded in eight takes on 27 February 1964 .

neg: A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group .   The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .

neg: Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists .   Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack .   The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .

neg: Dandie Fashions Dandie Fashions or sometimes Dandy Fashions was a London fashion boutique founded in 1966 , following a chance encounter at the Speakeasy Club between Freddie Hornik and Alan Holston , who then got together with Australian John Crittle , the Guinness heir Tara Browne and Neil Winterbotham , and launched the new business .   Dandie Fashions opened its shop at 161 King 's Road , Chelsea in October 1966 . John Crittle had previously worked for Michael Rainey in his boutique Hung On You . Crittle and Tara Browne wanted a retail outlet for their new tailoring company Foster and Tara . In December 1966 , Browne died in a car crash , while he was on his way to discuss shop front designs with the graphic artist David Vaughan . Crittle bought his share of the business .   Five months after opening their Apple Boutique in Baker Street ( which ran from 7 December 1967 to 30 July 1968 ) , the Beatles invested in Dandie , renaming it Apple Tailoring ( Civil & Theatric ) . They were attracted to King 's Road by the presence of the clothing boutiques Dandie , along with Granny Takes a Trip and Hung On You . Apple Tailoring opened at the same 161 King 's Road premises as Dandie , on 23 May 1968 . Neil Aspinall and Apple 's accountant Stephen Maltz became directors . John Lennon and George Harrison attended the launch party . However , it never made a profit and closed some months later .

neg: Stuart Sutcliffe Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe ( 23 June 1940 -- 10 April 1962 ) was a British painter and musician best known as the original bass guitarist for the Beatles . Sutcliffe left the band to pursue his career as a painter , having previously attended the Liverpool College of Art . Sutcliffe and John Lennon are credited with inventing the name , `` Beetles '' , as they both liked Buddy Holly 's band , the Crickets . The band used this name for a while until Lennon decided to change the name to `` the Beatles '' , from the word beat . As a member of the group when it was a five-piece band , Sutcliffe is one of several people sometimes referred to as the `` Fifth Beatle '' .   When he performed with the Beatles in Hamburg , he met photographer Astrid Kirchherr , to whom he was later engaged . After leaving the Beatles , he enrolled in the Hamburg College of Art , studying under future pop artist Eduardo Paolozzi , who later wrote a report stating that Sutcliffe was one of his best students . Sutcliffe earned other praise for his paintings , which mostly explored a style related to abstract expressionism .   While studying in Germany , Sutcliffe began experiencing severe headaches and acute sensitivity to light . In April 1962 , he collapsed in the middle of an art class after complaining of head pains . German doctors performed various checks , but were unable to determine the exact cause of his headaches . On 10 April 1962 , he was taken to the hospital , but died in the ambulance on the way . The cause of death was later revealed to have been an aneurysm in his brain 's right hemisphere .

neg: Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins Unfinished Music No. 1 : Two Virgins is the first of three experimental albums released by John Lennon and Yoko Ono on Apple Records . It was the result of an all-night session of musical experimentation with Yoko in John 's home studio at Kenwood , while his wife , Cynthia Lennon , was on holiday in Greece . Their debut recording is known not only for its avant-garde content , but also for its cover which features the couple naked : This made the album controversial to both the public and the parent record company EMI , which refused to distribute it . In an attempt to avoid controversy , the LP record was sold in a brown paper bag , and distributed by Track and Tetragrammaton in the United Kingdom and the United States respectively . Two Virgins , while failing to chart in the UK , reached number 124 in the US . The album was followed six months later by Unfinished Music No. 2 : Life with the Lions .

neg: The Early Tapes of the Beatles The Early Tapes of The Beatles is the first digital repackaging of the 1962 German album by Tony Sheridan and The Beatles called My Bonnie . The original repackage was first issued in Germany in 1964 and titled The Beatles ' First '' . It was recorded at Hamburg in 1961 . This repackage was released in 1984 . Most of the tracks feature vocals by Sheridan . Only tracks 1-5 , 7 , 10 , and 11 actually feature the Beatles ; the other songs are performed by Sheridan and other musicians , identified as `` The Beat Brothers '' . This album was reissued with a different design in 2004 on Universal Music 's Spectrum label .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Borrowed Time (John Lennon song) `` Borrowed Time '' is a song from John Lennon and Yoko Ono 's last album , Milk and Honey . While the single failed to chart in the United States , it charted at number 32 in the UK Singles Chart . The B-side features Ono 's song `` Your Hands '' from the same album .

neg: Tell Me What You See `` Tell Me What You See '' is a song by the Beatles that first appeared in 1965 on their album Help ! in the United Kingdom and on Beatles VI in the United States . As with all Beatles compositions by either of the two , the song is credited to Lennon -- McCartney . Regarding the song 's authorship , Paul McCartney said , `` I seem to remember it as mine . I would claim it as a 60-40 but it might have been totally me . '' Lennon said , in his interviews with Playboy ( 1980 ) and Hit Parader ( 1972 ) , that `` Tell Me What You See '' was written completely by McCartney .

neg: Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes .   `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .

neg: The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .

neg: What Goes On (Beatles song) `` What Goes On '' is a song by the Beatles , featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album Rubber Soul . The song was later released as the B-side of the US single `` Nowhere Man '' , and then as the tenth track on the North America-only album Yesterday and Today . It is the only song by the band credited to Lennon -- McCartney-Starkey .

neg: Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made .   Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances .   McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line .   The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .

neg: Bad to Me `` Bad to Me '' is a song credited to Lennon -- McCartney . In late interviews , John Lennon said that he wrote it for Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas while on holiday in Spain . However , in a 1964 interview he said that he and Paul McCartney wrote it in the back of a van , so Paul contributed to it . Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas released their recording of the song in 1963 and it became their first number 1 in the UK Singles Chart . Paul McCartney was present during the recording session at Abbey Road Studios . The single would be released in the US the following year , and become a top-ten hit there , reaching number 9 . It became one of the first occasions a Lennon -- McCartney composition made the US Top 40 recorded by an artist other than the Beatles ( the first being `` A World Without Love '' by Peter & Gordon ; another being `` Goodbye '' by Mary Hopkin ) .   Bootlegs exist of Lennon 's original demo of the song , which was recorded on 31 May 1963 . An acoustic demo from the same era was released on iTunes in December 2013 on the album The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963 .   Terry Black released a version of the song on his 1965 debut album , Only 16 .   Graham Parker recorded a version of the song for the 2003 album Lost Songs of Lennon & McCartney , new versions of 17 Lennon -- McCartney songs that were originally released by other artists . Leif Garrett also recorded a version of the song for his self-titled debut album . Finnish rock band Hurriganes covered this song in their third album , Crazy Days .   Recordings of `` Bad to Me '' as the Beatles may have performed it are available on the 1989 album by Bas Muys entitled Secret Songs : Lennon & McCartney and on the 1998 release It 's Four You by the Australian tribute band The Beatnix .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .


query: The New Adventures of Old Christine is a sitcom made in America.

pos: The New Adventures of Old Christine The New Adventures of Old Christine ( often shortened to simply Old Christine ) is an American television sitcom starring Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Christine Campbell , a middle-aged divorced mother who struggles to keep pace with those around her . Clark Gregg co-starred as her ex-husband Richard , with whom Christine maintains a close relationship despite their divorce , as well as Hamish Linklater as her brother Matthew and Wanda Sykes as her best friend Barb . It originally ran on CBS from March 13 , 2006 , to May 12 , 2010 .   The New Adventures of Old Christine was created and produced by Kari Lizer as well as Andy Ackerman ( who directed all 88 episodes of the series ) , and distributed by Warner Bros. . Television . The series received generally positive reviews from television critics and was nominated for nine Primetime Emmy Awards , winning one for Louis-Dreyfus ' performance in the first season . In May 2010 , CBS canceled The New Adventures of Old Christine after five seasons .

neg: The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition .   The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) .   Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 .   The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .

neg: Christine Campbell (character) Christine `` Old Christine '' Campbell ( née Kimble ) is the title character of The New Adventures of Old Christine , portrayed by Julia Louis-Dreyfus in her Primetime Emmy Award winning role . The series surrounds her as she starts to live a more complicated daily life when her ex-husband dates a younger woman , also named Christine . Julia Louis-Dreyfus received critical acclaim for her performance as Christine , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2006 .

neg: History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 .   After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences .   This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .

neg: The Slap Maxwell Story The Slap Maxwell Story ( sometimes seen in print as The `` Slap '' Maxwell Story ) is a sitcom broadcast in the United States by ABC as part of its 1987 -- 88 lineup .   It starred Dabney Coleman as `` Slap '' Maxwell , an egocentric sportswriter for a newspaper called The Ledger , somewhere in the American Southwest . The Ledger is an old-fashioned newspaper , and Slap is an old-fashioned man , who composes his `` Slap Shots '' column on a typewriter . Despite the newly litigious environment of journalism , Slap insists on filling his column with rumor and innuendo , which draws lawsuits and frequently results in Slap 's termination . After each termination , Slap makes groveling apologies and is rehired .   Slap has an on-again , off-again relationship with Judy ( Megan Gallagher ) , one of the paper 's secretaries . The series also featured Annie ( Susan Anspach ) as Slap 's ex-wife , who retains a soft spot for him .   Each episode featured a recurring joke in which someone would hit Slap .   The show was created by Jay Tarses , who in 1983 was co-creator of Buffalo Bill , an NBC sitcom in which Coleman starred as an off-putting talk show host .

neg: The Looney Tunes Show The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom that ran from May 3 , 2011 , through August 31 , 2014 , on Cartoon Network . The show consist of two series , each containing 26 episodes , and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons updated for the 21st century . It is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . On July 29 , 2014 , producer Tony Cervone confirmed that the series would not be renewed for a third season in light of Wabbit . Looney Tunes : Rabbits Run is an animated direct-to-video spin-off film released on August 4 , 2015 .

neg: Mrs. California `` Mrs. California '' is the ninth episode of the eighth season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's 161st episode overall . `` Mrs. California '' aired on NBC in the United States on December 1 , 2011 . The episode was written by consulting producer Dan Greaney , marking his first writing credit for the series , and was directed by Charlie Grandy .   The series -- presented as if it were a real documentary -- depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania , branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In the episode , Robert California ( James Spader ) brings his wife ( Maura Tierney ) into the office for a job , and tells Andy Bernard ( Ed Helms ) behind her back not to give her one . Meanwhile , Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) opens a gym in the building and tries to get Darryl Philbin ( Craig Robinson ) to join it .   Tierney was brought in to play the role of California 's wife because showrunner Paul Lieberstein stated that he was `` a big fan of hers '' . `` Mrs. California '' received mixed responses from television critics . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode received 5.74 million viewers and received a 2.9 rating/7 % share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 , staying even with the ratings from the previous episode , `` Gettysburg '' . The episode also ranked at first in its time slot .

neg: The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies .   The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .

neg: Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film .   Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .

neg: The Tomfoolery Show The Tomfoolery Show is an American cartoon comedy television series made and first broadcast in 1970 , based on the works of Edward Lear . The animation was done at the Halas and Batchelor Studios in London and Stroud . Though the works of other writers were also used , notably Lewis Carroll and Ogden Nash , Lear 's works were the main source , and characters like the Yongy-Bonghy-Bo and the Umbrageous Umbrella Maker were all Lear creations . Other regular characters included the Enthusiastic Elephant , the Fizzgiggious Fish , and the Scroobious Snake . Some original material was also written based on characters created by Lear , although much of the material was a straight recital of poems and limericks or songs using Lear 's poems set to music . A recurring joke had a delivery boy running around trying to deliver a large plant and shouting ` Plant for Mrs Discobolus ! ' .  Some of the gags were based on Abbott and Costello skits which involved one of the regular characters in troubling situations . A cooking lesson for a silly recipe was presented in each episode .   The series was produced by Rankin/Bass , and Videocraft International , who also made the Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Frosty the Snowman television specials .   The series was made in England , featuring the voices of Peter Hawkins , Bernard Spear , and the Maury Laws Singers .   The series received mostly mixed and negative reviews for not using original material . The series was not renewed after one year on the air .  Original air : September 12 , 1970 - September 4 , 1971

neg: Comedy Central (India) Comedy Central in India is a localised version of Comedy Central which first began in the United States in the 1990s and in India on 23 January 2012 . The channel 's programming concentrates solely on comedy . The English language comedy content programming with the options of the audio language feeds on direct-to-home ( DTH ) . The channel airs a variety of comedy styles , including sitcoms , reality , classics and candid-camera .   The channel is owned by Viacom 18 , a 50:50 joint venture between Viacom Inc. and Network18 . It is available in over 20 million households across the country and across analogue , digital cable & DTH . The group also went on to organise a live event featuring English comedian Russell Brand who performed at this three-city tour which included New Delhi , Bangalore , and Mumbai . The event was organised by Comedy Central India in association with Viacom 18 and Meraevents .

neg: Excellence in Broadcasting `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' is the second episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It originally aired on Fox in the United States on October 3 , 2010 . The episode features anthropomorphic dog Brian , an adamant liberal , confronting conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh at a book signing in Quahog , and ultimately having a political change of heart when Limbaugh convinces him to read his latest book . Brian eventually decides to become a devoted member of the Republican Party , and soon begins criticizing liberals . This leads Brian to become roommates with Limbaugh , and begins following him everywhere , before Limbaugh convinces Brian of his true political convictions .   The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by John Holmquist . It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references , in addition to receiving both praise and criticism from conservative news outlets . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.94 million homes in its original airing . As well as Limbaugh , the episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole , Christine Lakin , Phil LaMarr , Shelley Long , Nana Visitor and Rainn Wilson , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' was released on DVD along with three other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .

neg: Sesame Street Sesame Street is a long-running American children 's television series , produced by Sesame Workshop ( formerly known as the Children 's Television Workshop ) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett . The program is known for its educational content , and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson 's Muppets , animation , short films , humor , and cultural references . The series premiered on November 10 , 1969 , to positive reviews , some controversy , and high viewership ; it has aired on the U.S. 's national public television provider ( PBS ) since its debut , with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16 , 2016 .   The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history . The format of Sesame Street consists of a combination of commercial television production elements and techniques which have evolved to reflect the changes in American culture and the audience 's viewing habits . With the creation of Sesame Street , producers and writers of a children 's television show used , for the first time , educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content . It was also the first time a show 's educational effects were studied .   Shortly after creating Sesame Street , its producers developed what came to be called the `` CTW model '' ( after the production company 's previous name ) , a system of television show planning , production , and evaluation based on collaborations between producers , writers , educators , and researchers . The show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements , international sales , and other media . By 2006 , there were independently produced versions , or `` co-productions '' , of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries . In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street , and by the show 's 40th anniversary in 2009 , it was broadcast in more than 140 countries .   By its 40th anniversary in 2009 , Sesame Street was the fifteenth-highest-rated children 's television show in the United States . A 1996 survey found that 95 % of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old . In 2008 , it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children . As of 2014 , Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards -- more than any other children 's show .

neg: The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show is an American animated television program produced by Filmation for MGM Television in 1980 , on CBS for Saturday mornings . The show lasted two seasons ( with season two consisting of reruns ) and the individual episodes were eventually added to syndicated Tom and Jerry packages , and also occasionally appeared on Cartoon Network and Boomerang , as well as , in 2013 , airing on UK satellite channel Pop . Most voices were done by Frank Welker ( mainly Tom and Jerry ) and Filmation head Lou Scheimer provided the voice of Nibbles ( erroneously giving him an adult voice ) .

neg: Average Betty Average Betty is a short-format , food entertainment web series written , produced , and performed by Sara O'Donnell . The web series debuted on iTunes in August 2006 as an innovative blend of cooking and campy comedy sketches . The unique format caused some people to question if Average Betty was even a cooking show at all . The show attracted millions of viewers and it received accolades from both new and traditional media , including Fox News , Yahoo! , and the food editors at the Los Angeles Times , and The Tampa Tribune .   The Food Editor at The Tampa Tribune , published a full-page article featuring sixteen color photos , `` Bye-Bye , Betty Crocker Hello Average Betty , '' in the Flavor Section . A preview of the article , `` Betty Has A Recipe For Web Success , '' made the front page of The Tampa Tribune . In October 2007 Average Betty made the Los Angeles KTTV-Fox 11 10 o'clock news in a story called Average Betty Heating up the Internet ! In November 2007 , Average Betty again made the Fox 10 o'clock news , this time in her hometown of Tampa Bay , Florida . In December , 2007 , iTunes named Average Betty a `` Best of 2007 Podcast . ''   The show has evolved beyond its campy comedy sketch origins . It now includes creative recipes , cooking demonstrations , and interviews with celebrity chef 's such as Michael Chiarello , Ming Tsai , and Stephanie Izard . Adam Gropman , of LA Weekly , describes O'Donnell as `` an Internet phenomenon , a self-created culinary personality finding an audience without the benefit of a book deal , magazines or a TV show . ''   In 2011 , O'Donnell became one of 16 YouTube cooking channels selected for the first class of YouTube Next Chefs , which included $ 10,000 of grant money , $ 5,000 of equipment , and expert tutoring from Google/YouTube . The program is intended to focus attention on up-and-coming food vloggers . AverageBetty 's web traffic increased significantly as a result , averaging 75,000 to 100,000 monthly views on YouTube .

neg: A Ward Show `` A Ward Show '' is the third episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series American Dad ! . It aired on Fox in the United States on November 6 , 2011 . The episode plot mainly revolves around Roger becoming Steve 's legal guardian , but he gets a little overzealous in the parenting department . Meanwhile , Stan and Francine decide to go on a vacation to Flash Flood Acres , The Largest Water Park in the Universe . But after spending two hours there they go on every ride , so they decide to get a refund from the manager , but fail when they learn he would not be back until Thursday .   This episode was written by Erik Durbin and directed by Josue Cervantes . This episode generally received positive reviews . Rowan Kaiser from The A.V. Club rated this episode a Grade B + . During its initial airing , the episode was viewed by 4.85 million households and achieved a 1.6 rating in the 18-49 demographic , according to the Nielson ratings . It featured a guest appearance from Anjelica Huston and Sally Struthers , as well as several recurring voice actors and actresses for the series .

neg: That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time .   The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .

neg: What's Happening!! What 's Happening !! is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from August 5 , 1976 , to April 28 , 1979 . The show premiered as a summer series . With good ratings and reviews , and after the failure of several other shows on the network , What 's Happening !! returned in November 1976 as a weekly series . It remained a regular show until 1979 ; ratings were modest . What 's Happening !! was loosely based on the Eric Monte-penned film Cooley High . From 1985 to 1988 , a sequel series called What 's Happening Now !! aired in first-run syndication , with most of the major cast members reprising their roles .   What 's Happening !! was Bud Yorkin 's second series after he ended his partnership with Norman Lear in Tandem Productions . The show was produced by TOY Productions , which was formed by Yorkin , Saul Turtletaub , and Bernie Orenstein after the split .

neg: List of Three's Company episodes Three 's Company is an American sitcom that aired from 1977 to 1984 on ABC .

neg: The Adventures of Mark & Brian The Adventures of Mark & Brian is a comedy television program that was broadcast by NBC as part of its 1991 fall lineup .

neg: Nella the Princess Knight Nella the Princess Knight is an American-Irish-British animated children 's television series created by Christine Ricci . The series debuted on Nickelodeon in the United States on February 6 , 2017 . The series debuted on May 1 , 2017 on Nick Jr. in Australia , and May 6 , 2017 on Treehouse TV in Canada .   On May 24 , 2017 , it was renewed for a second season .


query: Young MC is a singer.

pos: Young MC Marvin Young ( born May 10 , 1967 ) , better known by his stage name Young M.C. , is an English-born American singer , rapper and actor . He is best known for his 1989 hit `` Bust a Move '' . His debut album Stone Cold Rhymin ' found international acclaim ; however , subsequent albums have not reached the same level of success . Young has also appeared in film in acting roles and cameo appearances and has appeared in several television programs .

neg: YCEE Oludemilade Martin Alejo ( born January 29 , 1993 ) , popularly known by his stage name YCEE , is a Nigerian rapper and songwriter currently signed to Tinny Entertainment . He rose to limelight after one of his singles titled `` Condo '' , which features vocals from Patoranking , earned him two nominations at the 2015 Nigeria Entertainment Awards . He was also nominated in the `` Best Artist in African Pop '' category at the 2015 All Africa Music Awards . In October 2016 , YCEE signed a record deal with Sony Music .

neg: MC Magic Marcus Cardenas , better known by his stage name MC Magic , is a Hispanic rapper , songwriter and record producer , known for rapping and singing , both in English and Spanish .

neg: E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja .   The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns .   E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies .   Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .

neg: Hennessy Youngman Hennessy Youngman is a persona invented and performed by Jayson Musson .   Youngman makes addresses to the Internet at large in online episodes of a series titled `` Art Thoughtz . '' Most often , Youngman takes on the role of art critic or cultural critic while speaking to topics concerning art , race , gender , and popular culture . In addition , Youngman makes DJ mixtapes called `` CVS Bangers '' with songs interspersed with seemingly random statements and air horn blasts .   In his video monologues , Youngman becomes a tutor to an audience of hopeful artists in search of success . By explaining traditional art concepts and relating them to pop culture and real-world examples , he is able to expose issues and conflicts within contemporary art society . A scheme is perpetuated , through Youngman and the `` Art Thoughtz '' videos , of following an often sympathetic character , one who is apparently outside the art world , attempting to understand and permeate a seemingly exclusive cultural society . This sort of ` underdog in the art world ' characterization can be seen in the work of video artist of Alex Bag or motion pictures such as the biopic Basquiat or the art world satire ( Untitled ) .

neg: Karen Young (Canadian singer) Karen Young ( born June 19 , 1951 ) is a singer , lyricist , composer and arranger from Quebec , Canada who has explored several different musical styles .   Young was born in Montreal . Starting in folk music with a medium chart hit Garden Of Ursh ( 1971 ) in the late 1960s , she switched to jazz in the mid-1970s with the successful bebop vocal group , Bug Alley . She was a member from 1975 to 1979 . She played lead roles in the musical theatre productions Mata Hari and Angel , written by David Rimmer and Edward Knoll , in the early 1980s . In the later 1980s , she was part of the renowned bass and voice duo , Young and Donato . Their album Young & Donato was nominated for a Juno Award 1985 . The following album Contredanse won a Félix Award in category Best jazz album in Quebec in 1988 . The duo had 4 times 1987-90 tours in France and 1989-90 in the USA , and also some gigs in 1989 in England . She played lead roles in musicals Mata Hari and Angel , written by David Rimmer and Edward Knoll , in the early 1980s .   She has been touring with her bands mostly in Canada , so at the Kaslo Jazz Festival ( 2003 ) with a psychedelic music style or as a member of Sylvain Provost Trio at Jazz en Rafale Festival 2008 .   Her eclecticism and familiarity with world , classical and jazz styles allow her to present works ranging from traditional , Latin and contemporary jazz to , more recently , medieval ( album Âme , corps et désir , 2007 ) and electro jazz ( album Electro-Beatniks , 2009 ) . Young established her own independent record label in 1991 , Les Disques URSH . Since then , she has released nine records featuring combinations of artists from different musical backgrounds and traditions .   Young composed the musical soundtracks for Joseph 's Daughter , a film by Ilana Schwartz , The Road from Kampuchea by Anne Henderson  and for Revoir Julie by Jeanne Crepeau . She was awarded another Félix Award in 2008 for Âme , Corps et Desir in the category `` best classic vocal album '' . She has been touring also with jazz musicians Michel Donato ( bass ) , Norman Lachapelle ( bass ) , Éric Auclair ( bass ) .   Karen 's daughter , Coral Egan , is also a singer-songwriter and has released several jazz and pop albums ; Coral has also given Karen a granddaughter .

neg: Brainstorm (album) Brainstorm '' ' is the second album by rapper , Young MC . The album was released in 1991 for Capitol Records . After the huge success of his debut album , Stone Cold Rhymin ' , Young MC signed a two-album deal with Capitol Records . Brainstorm '' did not perform as well as his previous album , only reaching No. 66 on the Billboard 200 an No. 61 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop album charts . Though the album failed to make an impact on the charts , it nevertheless was certified gold by the RIAA on October 9 , 1991 for sales of over 500,000 copies .

neg: Master T Tony Young ( born 1961 ) , professionally known as Master T , is a Canadian television and radio personality and urban music promoter . He was born in Leeds , England and moved to Canada with his Jamaican family in 1974 .   He was raised in Kitchener , Ontario , where he attended Kitchener-Waterloo Collegiate and Vocational School and met his future wife . He later studied television broadcasting at Mohawk College in Hamilton . He found work as a camera operator at MuchMusic before he was hired to host a dance show , X-Tendamix ( later `` Da Mix '' ) . As a VJ for MuchMusic , Young ( as `` Master T '' ) continued to host various programs , including Rap City , from 1990 to 2001 . When he left MuchMusic , his on-air farewell party featured an exclusive live performance by Lauryn Hill .   Young has also hosted the syndicated radio program Wall of Sound , produced by CIDC-FM .   During his time with Much , Master T was the primary promoter of the channel 's Much DanceMix series of compilation CDs , and received a Diamond plaque for over one million in sales .   Since leaving MuchMusic , he has produced and promoted his own Master T 's series of hip hop and reggae compilations .   In 2014 , he publicly called for the `` Much '' television channel to return to the hands of Moses Znaimer .   Young has been awarded a Toronto Bob Marley award , a Ghanaian Community Award , and a Mohawk College Alumni of Distinction award .

neg: L (South Korean singer) Kim Myung-soo , ( Hangul : 김명수 , born March 13 , 1992 ) better known by his stage name L , is a South Korean singer and actor . He is a member of the boy band Infinite and its sub-group Infinite F.

neg: Young & Sexy `` Young & Sexy '' is the debut single by American R&B recording trio , Lyric . The song was produced by Jack Knight and Steve Estiverne and was co-written by background vocalist , Kia Jeffries . It also featured a guest appearance from former Bad Boy recording artist , Loon . The song is also noted for its publication under Sean `` Diddy '' Combs ' publishing company , Justin Combs Publishing . The song peaked at # 79 on Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and served as the lead single for Lyric 's unreleased self-titled debut album . It was also featured on the record-breaking , platinum-selling video game soundtrack , NBA Live 2003 and in the 2002 film , The Hot Chick .

neg: Chalie Boy Charles Williams ( born October 13 , 1979 ) , better known by his stage name Chalie Boy , is an American , Southern rapper and singer , who made his major-label debut in 2009 with the breakout hit single `` I Look Good . '' In 2010 , Chalie Boy made headlines with his 100 + lb . weight loss as he debuted the video `` Deja Blu . ''

neg: Mr.Mr. (song) `` Mr.Mr . '' is a Korean song recorded by South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation for their fourth Korean titular extended play ( 2014 ) . The song was released on February 25 , 2014 , as a single from the EP . The song was composed by American production team The Underdogs , who had previously worked with Western artists including Britney Spears , Beyoncé , and Justin Timberlake . A music video for the song was initially planned to be released on February 19 but was postponed to February 28 due to the accidental deletion of some of the original files .   `` Mr.Mr . '' was described as an electropop and pop-R & B song that incorporates a hip hop beat and EDM-influenced buildups . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its musical styles , which were deemed a departure from the group 's signature bubblegum pop sound . The single ranked number 18 on Billboard magazine 's list of 20 Best K-pop Songs of 2014 and was included on Time '' 's list of 25 Best Songs of 2014 ( So Far ) in June 2014 .   To promote the song and the EP , Girls ' Generation appeared on several music programs including M Countdown , Music Bank , Show ! Music Core , and Inkigayo around February and March 2014 . The single was a commercial success in the group 's native country South Korea , peaking atop the Gaon Digital Chart and selling over 900,000 digital units in 2014 . It also charted at number three on the Korea K-Pop Hot 100 and number four on the Billboard '' World Digital Songs .

neg: Yuna (singer) Yunalis Mat Zara'ai , professionally known as Yuna , is a Malaysian singer-songwriter and businesswoman . Born and raised in Kedah and Selangor , she began writing songs at age 14 . She soon taught herself to play guitar , and by 2006 , in need of a creative outlet while attending law school , performed for an audience for the first time . Yuna offered her music on her MySpace page , which received over one million plays . This online success tipped off the Indie-Pop label/management company to her music , and in early 2011 she signed with the Fader label .   Joined by guitarist Pa'an , bassist Efry Arwis , and drummer Adib Azfar ( and later , Adil Ali ) , Yuna made her recorded debut album in Malaysia in 2008 with a self-titled EP , which went on to snag five Malaysian Music Awards nominations ( the Malaysian equivalent of the Grammy ) . She took home four trophies , including Best New Artist and Best Song ( for the breakout hit `` Dan Sebenarnya '' ) .   The Decorate ( EP ) followed two years later ( and was released stateside in spring 2011 ) . Decorate included the viral hit `` Rocket , '' which won raves from Billboard magazine , indie rock radio station KEXP , and hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons , as well as ink in SPIN 's Eight Bands You Need to Hear Now . On the performance end , Yuna was nominated as one of MTV Iggy 's Best New Bands in the World in 2011 , and she marked the occasion by playing at the historic MTV Studios .   A new single , `` Live Your Life '' ( 2012 ) , produced by Pharrell Williams , was a preamble to her self-titled full-length debut , which arrived that April . That summer , Yuna appeared at Lollapalooza . In 2013 , Yuna returned with the album Nocturnal , featuring the single `` Falling . '' In February 2016 , Yuna previewed her third album with the release of `` Places to Go , '' a single produced by hip-hop legend DJ Premier . The full album , Chapters , was released three months later .   In December 2016 , her album Chapters broke into the Top 10 of the Billboard Best R&B Albums Of 2016 : Critic 's Pick . Chapters ranked at No. 7 out of 10 best R&B albums of the year . Yuna received an award for the Most Successful Malaysian Singer from The Malaysia Books Of Record . Chapters was also nominated in the Top 20 Best R&B Albums Of 2016 by the Rolling Stone magazine . Yuna got invited as special guest to perform on stage in 2016 Soul Train Music Awards ( US ) .

neg: Hyun Jin-young Huh Hyun-seok ( born February 3 , 1971 ) , better known as Hyun Jin-young ( Korean : 현진영 ) , is a South Korean singer , dancer , and rapper . He is known for his role in introducing hip-hop music to Korea .

neg: I Am a Singer (Chinese TV series) I Am a Singer is a Chinese version of the Korean reality show I Am a Singer and it is broadcast on Hunan Television . Seven talented , veteran Chinese singers perform for a selected audience , which votes to eliminate one singer after each week 's performance . The following week , another singer joins the competition , and the lineup of artists varies throughout the course of the show .   The program ended its first season on 12 April 2013 , its second season on 4 April 2014 , its third season on 27 March 2015 , and its fourth season on April 8 , 2016 . Starting with the fifth season , the program 's name was changed to `` Singer '' , and the rules of the competition was changed to eliminate a singer in each episode .

neg: Yah Mo B There `` Yah Mo B There '' is an R&B song by American singers James Ingram and Michael McDonald . It was written by Ingram , McDonald , Rod Temperton , and producer Quincy Jones . The song originally appeared on Ingram 's 1983 album It 's Your Night , released on Jones 's Qwest Records label . It was released as a single in late 1983 , peaking at # 19 on the U.S. charts in 1984 , and # 44 on the UK charts also in 1984 , ( the remixed version by John Jellybean Benitez hit # 12 in the Spring of 1985 in the UK ) , and has subsequently appeared on several of Ingram and McDonald 's greatest hits albums as well as various 1980s compilation albums .   The performance earned the duo a 1985 Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals . It was one of a series of very successful duets involving Ingram . It also received a nomination for Best R&B Song , losing to `` I Feel for You '' ( Prince ) .   The song is in reference to God . And the power faith can have over difficult times . `` Yah '' being the shortened Yahweh -- the Hebrew name for God .

neg: Mic (media company) Mic is an American media company that caters to millennials . The company reaches 19 million unique monthly visitors and has a higher composition of 18 - to 34-year-old readers than any other millennial-focused news site , including BuzzFeed and Vice . Mic received early attention for its on-the-ground coverage during the revolution in Tunisia ; The Hollywood Reporter remarked that Mic features `` stories that intelligently cover serious issues important to young people '' .

neg: Kangnam (singer) Yasuo Namekawa ( born March 23 , 1987 ) , better known by his stage name Kang-nam , is a Korean-Japanese singer . He is the vocalist and oldest member of the South Korean hip-hop group , M.I.B. . He made his recording debut in Korea with the single , `` Say My Name , '' just before his debut as a member of M.I.B.

neg: Sexy, Free & Single Sexy , Free & Single ( reissue name Spy ) is the sixth Korean studio album of South Korean boy band Super Junior . It was released on July 4 , 2012 , by SM Entertainment , distributed by KMP Holdings and available from online music portal sites at midnight on July 1 , 2012 . It is their first album in 11 months following Mr. Simple released in August 2011 . This was followed by the release of Version B on July 16 , with a different cover which features the 10 members in their teaser photo makeup . A repackaged edition , re-titled Spy was released on August 6 , with four new tracks including follow-up single `` Spy '' .   This album marks the return of member Kangin , who was discharged from his mandatory military service in April 2012 , and the first time with Super Junior in three years since October 2009 ; but the first one without Heechul , who enlisted in September 2011 , and the last with leader Leeteuk and Yesung before their military service , enlisting on 30 October 2012 and on 6 May 2013 , respectively . This is the third album that features ten of the 13 members from the group , following Bonamana in 2010 and their fifth album Mr. Simple .   The album won the `` Album of the Year '' in the 14th Mnet Asian Music Awards and `` Disk Daesang '' in 27th Golden Disk Awards . According to Gaon Album Chart , as of the end of December 2012 , the album has sold a cumulative total of 510,000 + copies domestically .

neg: Hyomin Park Sun-young ( born May 30 , 1989 ) , better known by her stage name Hyomin , is a South Korean singer , songwriter and actress . She is a member of South Korean girl group T-ara .

neg: Jun-young Jun-young , also spelled Joon-young , is a Korean masculine given name . It was the tenth-most popular name for baby boys in South Korea in 1980 , rising to sixth place by 1990 . Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 34 hanja with the reading `` jun '' and 34 hanja with the reading `` young '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names .   People with this name include :  Kim Jun-young ( born 1951 ) , South Korean economist  Lee Jun-young ( born 1982 ) , South Korean football forward  Seo Jun-young ( born 1987 ) , South Korean actor  Jung Joon-young ( born 1989 ) , South Korean rock singer  Moon Jun-young ( born 1989 ) , South Korean singer with boy band ZE : A  Yoo Joon-young ( born 1990 ) , South Korean football midfielder  Lee Jun-young ( born 1997 ) , South Korean singer/dancer with boy band U-KISS


query: Philip V of Spain was part of the House of Bourbon.

pos: Philip V of Spain Philip V ( Felipe V , Philippe , Filippo 19 December 1683 -- 9 July 1746 ) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 15 January 1724 , when he abdicated in favour of his son Louis , and from 6 September 1724 , when he reassumed the throne upon his son 's death , to his own death 9 July 1746 .   Before his reign , Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a grandson of King Louis XIV . His father , Louis , the Grand Dauphin , had the strongest genealogical claim to the throne of Spain when it became vacant in 1700 . However , since neither the Grand Dauphin nor Philip 's older brother , Louis , Duke of Burgundy , could be displaced from their place in the succession to the French throne , King Charles II of Spain named Philip as his heir in his will . It was well known that the union of France and Spain under one monarch would upset the balance of power in Europe , such that other European powers would take steps to prevent it . Indeed , Philip 's accession in Spain provoked the 14-year War of the Spanish Succession , which continued until the Treaty of Utrecht forbade any future possibility of unifying the French and Spanish thrones .   Philip was the first member of the House of Bourbon to rule as king of Spain . The sum of his two reigns , 45 years and 21 days , is the longest in modern Spanish history .

neg: Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi The Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi ( Secrétaire d'État à la Maison du Roi ) was the secretary of state in France during the `` Ancien Régime '' and Bourbon Restoration in charge of the Département de la Maison du Roi . The exact composition of the ministry and the secretary 's duties changed several times over the Early Modern period , but in general , the Département de la Maison du Roi oversaw four main areas : the `` Maison du Roi '' ( `` Household of the King '' ) , the `` Bâtiments du Roi '' ( `` Buildings of the King '' ) , the General Affairs of the Clergy , ( from 1749 on ) Affairs of the RPR ( `` Religion Prétendue Réformée '' , i.e. the Huguenots ) , and the administration of the capital city of Paris and the provinces . The post later reappeared as the Minister for the Maison du Roi .

neg: Maria Anna of Savoy, Duchess of Chablais Maria Anna of Savoy ( Maria Anna Carlota Gabriela ; 17 December 1757 -- 11 October 1824 ) was a Princess of Savoy by birth and Duchess of Chablais by her marriage to her uncle .   Born at the Royal Palace of Turin , she was the sixth child of Prince Victor Amadeus , Duke of Savoy and , since 1773 , King of Sardinia , by his wife , Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain , as daughter of Philip V.   Maria Anna was the fourth but third surviving daughter of her parents . Her two older sisters were the future `` grand daughters in law '' of Louis XV of France , Princess Maria Giuseppina , who married the future Louis XVIII of France in 1771 and Princess Maria Teresa , who married the future Charles X of France in 1773 . Their younger surviving sister , Maria Carolina , married Anthony of Saxony .   Three of her brothers were the last three Kings of Sardinia from the senior line of the House of Savoy : the future Charles Emmanuel IV , Victor Emmanuel I and Charles Felix . After the death of the last one in 1831 without issue , the throne passed to Charles Albert , Prince of Carignano and next legitimate male heir .

neg: House of Valois-Burgundy The House of Valois-Burgundy ( la maison de Valois-Bourgogne ) , or the Younger House of Burgundy , was a noble French family deriving from the royal House of Valois . It is distinct from the Capetian House of Burgundy , descendants of King Robert II of France , though both houses stem from the Capetian dynasty . They ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1363 to 1482 and later came to rule vast lands including Artois , Flanders , Luxembourg , Hainault , the county palatine of Burgundy ( Franche-Comté ) , and other lands through marriage .   The term `` Valois Dukes of Burgundy '' is employed to refer to the dynasty which began after King John II of France granted the French Duchy of Burgundy to his youngest son , Philip the Bold in 1363 .   During the Hundred Years ' War , the dukes rivalled with their royal cousins uniting a great number of French and Imperial fiefs under their rule . However , their plans to establish an autonomous kingdom ultimately failed when the last duke , Charles the Bold , sparked the Burgundian Wars and was killed in the Battle of Nancy in 1477 . The final ruler of the dynasty , Mary , Duchess of Burgundy , attempted to assert her authority within her domains , but failed . Her lands outside of France passed to her eldest son , Philip , to become the Habsburg Netherlands , while the Duchy of Burgundy itself returned to the kingdom of France . Mary died in 1482 , thus ending the House of Valois-Burgundy .

neg: Infanta María Amalia of Spain (1779–1798) Maria Amalia of Bourbon , Infanta of Spain ( Madrid , 9 January 1779 - Madrid , 22 July 1798 ) , was a Spanish princess . She was a daughter of King Charles IV of Spain , in 1795 , she married her uncle Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain .

neg: Legitimists The Legitimists ( Légitimistes ) are royalists in France who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession of the descendants of the elder branch of the Bourbon dynasty , which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution . They reject the claim of the July Monarchy of 1830 -- 1848 , whose king was a member of the junior Orléans line of the Bourbon dynasty . Following the movement of Ultra-royalists during the Bourbon Restoration of 1814 , legitimists came to form one of the three main right-wing factions in France , which was principally characterized by its counter-revolutionary views . The other two right-wing factions are , according to historian René Rémond , the Orléanists and the Bonapartists .   Legitimists hold that the king of France must be chosen according to the traditional rules of succession based in the Salic law . When the direct line of Charles X became extinct in 1883 with the death of his grandson Henri , Count of Chambord , the most senior heir to the throne under these traditional rules was Juan , Count of Montizón , a descendent of Louis XIV via his grandson Philip V of Spain .   The main current legitimist pretender is Louis Alphonse , Duke of Anjou .

neg: Philip, Count Palatine of Burgundy Philip , Count Palatine of Burgundy may refer to :   Philip I of Savoy , consort Count Palatine of Burgundy as second husband of Adelaide , Countess Palatine of Burgundy  Philip V of France , consort Count Palatine of Burgundy as husband of Joan II , Countess Palatine of Burgundy  Philip I , Duke of Burgundy , grandson and heir of Joan III , Countess Palatine of Burgundy  Philip II , Duke of Burgundy , consort Count Palatine of Burgundy as husband of Margaret II , Countess Palatine of Burgundy , great-granddaughter of Joan II  Philip III , Duke of Burgundy , grandson of previous , Count Palatine of Burgundy 1419-67  Philip I , Archduke of Austria , Count Palatine of Burgundy 1482-1506 , as son and heir of Mary of Burgundy , granddaughter of previous  Philip II of Spain , grandson of previous ; after him , kings of Spain were Counts of Palatine until the French conquered the county

neg: Monarchy of the Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such , the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the constitution of the Netherlands . Consequently , a fairly large portion of the Dutch constitution is devoted to the monarch ; roughly a third of the constitution describes the succession , mechanisms of accession and abdication to the throne , the roles and responsibilities of the monarch and the formalities of communication between the States-General of the Netherlands and the role of the monarch in the creation of laws .   The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815 , but its one-time sovereign provinces have intermittently been `` governed '' by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559 to 1747 , since Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder . William became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and the independent Dutch Republic . As stadtholder , he was followed by several of his descendants . In 1747 , the function of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all Provinces of the thus `` crowned '' Dutch Republic . The last stadtholder was William V. His son became the first king as William I.

neg: Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma Xavier , Duke of Parma and Piacenza , in France known before 1974 as Prince Xavier de Bourbon-Parme , in Spain known as Francisco Javier de Borbón-Parma y de Braganza or simply as Don Javier ( 25 May 1889 -- 7 May 1977 ) was the head of the ducal House of Bourbon-Parma . He is best known as dynastic leader of Carlism and the Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain , since 1936 as a regent-claimant and since 1952 as a claimant , appearing under the name Javier I . Since 1974 he was pretender to the defunct throne of Parma . He is also recognized as involved in the so-called Sixtus Affair of 1916-1917 and the so-called Halifax-Chevalier talks of 1940 .

neg: Council of Castile The Council of Castile ( Real y Supremo Consejo de Castilla ) , known earlier as the Royal Council ( Consejo Real ) , was a ruling body and key part of the domestic government of the Crown of Castile , second only to the monarch himself . It was established under Queen Isabella I in 1480 as the chief body dealing with administrative and judicial matters of the realm . With the 1516 ascension of King Charles I ( later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V ) to the throne of both Castile and Aragon , the Royal Council came to be known as the Council of Castile because Charles was king of many dominions other than Castile , while the Council retained responsibility only over Castile .   During periods in which there was no monarch , an absent monarch , or an incompetent monarch , the Royal Council would rule as a regency council in his place . The Council weakened in the 19th century , where it was abolished and re-established several times before being dissolved permanently .

neg: House of Bourbon-Parma The House of Bourbon-Parma ( Casa di Borbone di Parma ) is an Italian cadet branch of the House of Bourbon . It is thus descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line . The name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name ( Bourbon ) and the other ( Parma ) from the title of Duke of Parma .  The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons as the founder was the great-grandson of Duke Ranuccio II Farnese , Duke of Parma .

neg: Philip IV of Spain Philip IV of Spain ( Felipe IV 8 April 1605 -- 17 September 1665 ) was King of Spain ( as Philip IV in Castille and Philip III in Aragon ) and Portugal as Philip III ( Filipe III ) . He ascended the thrones in 1621 and reigned in Spain until his death and in Portugal until 1640 . Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts , including such artists as Diego Velázquez , and his rule over Spain during the challenging period of the Thirty Years ' War .   On the eve of his death in 1665 , the Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometers ( 4.7 million square miles ) in area but in other respects was in decline , a process to which Philip contributed with his inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform .

neg: House of Burgundy The House of Burgundy ( Casa de Borgonha , -LSB- buɾˈɣoɲɐ -RSB- ) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty , descending from Robert I , Duke of Burgundy , a younger son of Robert II of France .   The House ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1032 -- 1361 . The main line of the dynasty ended with the death in 1361 of Philip I , Duke of Burgundy . His duchy was inherited by John II of France , whose mother had been a member of the House of Burgundy , so the duchy passed to the House of Valois , then the ruling house of France .   Notable members of the main line of the House of Burgundy include :  Robert I , Duke of Burgundy  Henry , Count of Portugal  Hugh III , Duke of Burgundy  Odo IV , Duke of Burgundy  Margaret of Burgundy , the first wife and Queen of Louis X of France  Joan the Lame , the first wife and Queen of Philip VI of France  Philip I , Duke of Burgundy

neg: Louis II, Duke of Bourbon Louis de Bourbon , called the Good ( 4 February 1337 -- 10 August 1410 ) , son of Peter de Bourbon and Isabella de Valois ( the sister of French King Philip VI ) , was the third Duke of Bourbon .   Duke Louis is reported to have been somewhat mentally unstable , specifically having a trait of nervous breakdowns which is presumably hereditary ; this trait was also evidenced in his sister Joanna of Bourbon ( the wife of French King Charles V ) , his nephew Charles VI of France ( called `` The Mad '' ) , his father Duke Peter , and his grandfather Louis I , Duke of Bourbon .   The teenage Louis inherited the duchy from his father Duke Peter I after his death in the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 .   On August 19 , 1371 , he married Anne of Auvergne ( 1358 -- 1417 ) , Countess of Forez and a daughter of Beraud II , Dauphin of Auvergne , and his wife the Countess of Forez , and they had four children :   Catherine of Bourbon ( b. 1378 ) , d. young  John of Bourbon ( 1381 -- 1434 ) , Duke of Bourbon  Louis of Bourbon ( 1388 -- 1404 ) , Sieur de Beaujeu  Isabelle of Bourbon ( 1384 -- aft . 1451 )   In 1390 , Duke Louis launched the Barbary Crusade against the Hafsids of Tunis , in conjunction with the Genoese . Its objective was to suppress piracy based in the city of Mahdia , but the siege was unsuccessful . Duke Louis died at Montlucon in 1410 , at the age of 72 or 73 .

neg: Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands ( Países Bajos españoles Spaanse Nederlanden ) ; Pays-Bas espagnols ) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries , held in personal union by the Spanish Crown ( also called Habsburg Spain ) from 1581 to 1714 . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg , as well as parts of northern France and western Germany . The capital was Brussels .   The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482 . The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556 . When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581 , the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession .

neg: Philip of Spain Philip of Spain is the name of several Spanish monarchs :   Philip I of Castile or Philip I of Spain ( 1478 -- 1506 )  Philip II of Spain ( 1527 -- 1598 )  Philip III of Spain ( 1578 -- 1621 )  Philip IV of Spain ( 1605 -- 1665 )  Philip V of Spain ( 1683 -- 1746 )  Philip VI of Spain ( born 1968 )

neg: Estoria de España The Estoria de España , also known in the 1906 edition of Ramón Menéndez Pidal as the Primera Crónica General , is a history book written on the initiative of Alfonso X of Castile `` El Sabio '' ( `` the Wise '' ) , who was actively involved in the editing . It is believed to be the first extended history of Spain in Old Spanish , a West Iberian Romance language that forms part of the lineage from Vulgar Latin to modern Spanish . Many prior works were consulted in constructing this history .   The book narrates a history beginning in Biblical and legendary origins and continues  through the history of Castile under Fernando III of Castile . In the style of chronicles of its time , it begins by retelling the stories of remote origins found in the Bible . From the time of Moses onward , the mix begins to include Greek sources on ancient history . However , as the story continues , the details become increasingly detailed , especially from the Germanic invasions to the time of Alfonso 's father Fernando III .   The work is divided into four large parts . The first includes a history of Ancient Rome : the medieval European monarchs considered themselves heirs to the Roman Empire . The second tells the history of the barbarian and Gothic kings , treated as antecedents within the Iberian Peninsula . The third is a history of the Kingdom of Asturias from which the Reconquista ( the Christian reconquest of Iberia from Muslim rule ) began . The fourth and final part is a history of the Kingdoms of León and Castile .

neg: Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 The Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 , issued on 29 March 1830 by King Ferdinand VII of Spain , ratified a Decree of 1789 by Charles IV of Spain , which had replaced the semi-Salic system established by Philip V of Spain with the mixed succession system that predated the Bourbon monarchy ( see also Carlism ) .   When Philip V , from the French Bourbon acceded to the Spanish throne in the Spanish War of Succession , he brought with him the Salic Law , which restricted succession to the throne to the direct male line . However , King Ferdinand VII of Spain had fathered only two daughters , Isabella and Luisa Ferdinand of Bourbon . Ferdinand 's father , Charles IV of Spain made a weak attempt to eliminate the Salic Law , and Ferdinand brought forth the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 , so that his oldest daughter would inherit the throne and be declared queen upon his death , as was the Spanish custom .   This removed his brother , Infante Carlos , Count of Molina , as the next in the line of succession under Salic Law . Charles ' supporters , among whom was Francisco Calomarde , pressured Ferdinand VII to repeal the Pragmatic Sanction . However , a severe attack of gout incapacitated Ferdinand and when he died on 29 September 1833 , Isabella was proclaimed Queen . Since she was still a minor , the kingdom fell under the regency of her mother Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies .   Category :1830 in Spain  Category :19 th century in Spain  Category : Carlism  Category : Succession acts

neg: Joan II of Navarre Joan II ( Jeanne 28 January 1312 -- 6 October 1349 ) was Queen of Navarre from 1328 until her death . She was the only surviving child of Louis X of France , King of France and Navarre , and Margaret of Burgundy . Joan 's paternity was dubious because her mother was involved in a scandal , but Louis X declared her his legitimate daughter before he died in 1316 . However , the French lords were opposed to the idea of a female monarch and elected Louis X 's brother , Philip V , king . The Navarrese noblemen also did homage to Philip . Joan 's maternal grandmother , Agnes of France , Duchess of Burgundy , and uncle , Odo IV of Burgundy , made attempts to secure the counties of Champagne and Brie ( which had been the patrimony of Louis X 's mother , Joan I of Navarre ) to Joan , but the French royal troops defeated her supporters . After Philip V married his daughter to Odo and granted him two counties as her dowry , Odo renounced Joan 's claim to Champagne and Brie in exchange for a compensation in March 1318 . Joan married Philip of Évreux , who was also a member of the French royal family .   Philip V was succeeded by his brother , Charles IV , in both France and Navarre in 1322 , but most Navarrese lords refused to swear loyalty to him . After Charles IV died in 1328 , the Navarrese expelled the French governor and declared Joan the rightful monarch of Navarre . In France , Philip of Valois was crowned king . He concluded an agreement with Joan and her husband , who renounced Joan 's claims to Champagne and Brie in exchange for three counties , while Philip acknowledged their right to Navarre . Joan and her husband were together crowned in Pamplona Cathedral on 5 March 1329 .   The royal couple closely cooperated during their joint reign , but Philip of Évreux was more active . However , they mostly lived in their French domains . Navarre was then administered by governors during their absence .

neg: Carlos de Borbón Carlos de Borbón may refer to :   Charles III of Spain , King of Spain from 1759 to 1788  Charles IV of Spain , King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808  Infante Carlos , Count of Molina , pretender  Infante Carlos , Count of Montemolin , pretender  Carlos , Duke of Madrid , pretender  Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon , Duke of San Jaime , pretender  Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies , nephew of Francis II of Two Sicilies , father of Infante Alfonso , Duke of Calabria  Juan Carlos I of Spain , King of Spain from 1975 to 2014

neg: Dauphin of France The Dauphin of France ( -LSB- pronˈdɔːfᵻn -RSB- , also -LSB- ˈdəufæn -RSB- and -LSB- douˈfæn -RSB- Dauphin de France , -LSB- dofɛ̃ -RSB- ) -- strictly The Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois ) -- was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791 and 1824 to 1830 . The word is French for dolphin , as a reference to the depiction of the animal on their coat of arms .