query: Linkin Park is a band.

pos: Linkin Park Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills , California . Formed in 1996 , the band rose to international fame with their debut album Hybrid Theory ( 2000 ) , which was certified diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries . Their following studio album Meteora continued the band 's success , topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003 , and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world . In 2003 , MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium . Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart . In 2012 , the band was voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1 . In 2014 , the band was declared as the Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now by Kerrang ! .   Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in Hybrid Theory and Meteora , the band explored other genres in their next studio album , Minutes to Midnight ( 2007 ) . The album topped the Billboard charts and had the third-best debut week of any album that year . The band continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album , A Thousand Suns ( 2010 ) , layering their music with more electronic sounds and beats . Their fifth album , Living Things ( 2012 ) , combines musical elements from all of their previous records . Their sixth album , The Hunting Party ( 2014 ) , returned to a heavier rock sound . Their seventh album One More Light , a more electronic and pop-oriented record , was released on May 19 , 2017 . The band has collaborated with several other artists , including rapper Jay Z in their mashup EP Collision Course , and many others on the remix albums Reanimation and Recharged . Linkin Park has sold over 70 million albums worldwide and has won two Grammy Awards .

neg: Marilyn Manson discography American industrial metal band Marilyn Manson has released nine studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs , twenty-four singles , nine promo singles , five DVDs , and thirty-four music videos .   After forming in 1989 and signing a contract with Nothing Records and Interscope in 1993 , the band released their first studio album , Portrait of an American Family ( 1994 ) . Although initially not a commercial success , the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies . Spurred by their hit single -- a version of the Eurythmics 's `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' -- the band 's first EP , Smells Like Children ( 1995 ) , became a commercial success , selling over a million copies in the US alone . In 1996 , the band released their second studio album , Antichrist Superstar , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 1.9 million copies in the US . The album went on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide , and was supported by the release of 1997 's Remix & Repent EP . Their third studio album , Mechanical Animals ( 1998 ) , was a commercial and critical success , reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , as well topping the charts in as Australia and Canada . Mechanical Animals was later followed by their first live album , The Last Tour on Earth ( 1999 ) , which included the promotional single `` Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes '' .   In 2000 , the band released Holy Wood ( In the Shadow of the Valley of Death ) , which managed to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide . Their fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque ( 2003 ) , was a modest commercial success in their native US , debuting at No. 1 with sales of 118,000 copies . As of November 2008 , the album has sold 526,000 copies in the US . In contrast , the album was , by far , Manson 's most successful internationally , peaking within the top five in most of the major European markets . Their sixth album , Eat Me , Drink Me , was released in 2007 and debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 . The High End of Low ( 2009 ) , reached No. 4 on both the US and Canadian album charts , but was their last album released by Interscope . After signing a deal with Cooking Vinyl , the band released Born Villain in 2012 . Their ninth studio album , The Pale Emperor , was released on January 20 , 2015 , debuting at No. 8 in the US with their highest first week sales since Eat Me , Drink Me in 2007 .

neg: Parkpop The Parkpop festival is a free music festival held annually on the last Sunday of June in the city of The Hague , Netherlands .   It was first held in 1981 and attended by 35,000 visitors . Today up to 350,000 people visit the festival every year . They held the title for largest free pop festival in Europe for a long time . Depending on the source however , there are several claims to this title by other festivals . Przystanek Woodstock in Poland and Austria 's Donauinselfest now claim being the second biggest music festival in Europe second only to Radio 1 's Big Weekend in the United Kingdom .   The 31st edition of Parkpop was held on Sunday 26 June 2011 .

neg: Skin (Japanese band) Skin ( stylized as S.K.I.N. ) is a music project founded by several Japanese rock musicians in 2007 . They are Yoshiki , Gackt , Sugizo and Miyavi , all being important to the visual kei movement or closely related to it , but each being from a different generation . Its debut performance was on June 29 , 2007 , in Long Beach , California , considered as the `` Japanese rock concert of the century '' . Although they had announced more activities , such as a live tour and releasing a record , all activities were suddenly stopped . The future of the project still remains unclear .

neg: Pláhnetan Pláhnetan was an Icelandic rock band formed in the spring of 1993 after singer Stefán Hilmarsson , Ingólfur Guðjónsson and Sigurður Gröndal wrote several songs for Stefán 's forthcoming solo album , but the group got along so well that they decided to continue composing and even form a new band with that material under Stefán 's management .   The name Pláhnetan is a game-word , since the word pláneta means planet , but with the addition of the h , the ending part formed is hneta , which mean nut . Therefore , its name could be translated as the planut .   In those days Stefán and bassist Friðrik Sturluson were in the band Sálin hans Jóns míns while Ingólfur Guðjónsson and Sigurður Gröndal had quit their band Loðin Rotta , so they called drummer Ingólfur Sigurðsson , who up to that moment had been playing in bands like Síðan Skein Sól ( a.k.a. S.S.Sól ) and Rauðir Fletir .   The band contacted Steinar Berg Ísleifsson , the owner of label Skífan and got a record deal , which allowed them to released their debut album in June the same year under the title of Speis ( Icelandic for Space ) , a work which dealt with the concept of space and got good reviews by the critics . Some of the songs became very popular and the band took the chance to tour the country to promote the album .  After this album , singer Stefán released a solo album called Líf ( Life ) with the help of the band .   By 1994 Friðrik left the band and was replaced by bassist Jakob Smári Magnússon , who was known by playing in Tappi Tíkarrass , MX-21 and S.S.Sól . the new line-up released an album in June called Plast ( Plastic ) which featured singer Björgvin Halldórsson in the song `` Ég Vissi Það '' .  By the fall Pláhnetan released one single called Sæla with the collaboration of singer Emilíana Torrini .   In 1995 they call it to the end when Stefán 's band Sálin Hans Jóns Míns started to play again .

neg: Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts .   In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick .   In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label .   UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently .   Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music .   Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .

neg: Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued .   The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre .   A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock .   In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .

neg: No Pleasantries No Pleasantries is the debut album of American post-grunge band U.P.O. Released on May 30 , 2000 , the album broke U.P.O. into the mainstream rock scene and was their most successful release . It was made available on iTunes on September 22 , 2004 .   In promotion of No Pleasantries , U.P.O. toured throughout 2000 with popular acts such as Linkin Park , Nickelback , Godsmack , and 3 Doors Down . July saw the group joining Slipknot , Slayer , and Metallica on the Tattoo the Earth Tour . U.P.O. played two more shows in 2001 before their brief hiatus .

neg: Petrified/Remember the Name `` Petrified/Remember the Name '' is a double single by American hip hop artist Fort Minor , the side project of rock band Linkin Park 's co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda . It is the first single from his 2005 album The Rising Tied , released on October 3 , 2005 .

neg: The Zimmers The Zimmers are an English band formed in 2007 and are thought to have the oldest members of any group in the world . The oldest member , Buster Martin , claimed to have been born in 1906 , although some sources indicate he was born in 1913 . Martin died in 2011 . Former lead singer Alf Carretta died on 29 June 2010 , aged 93 . The group takes its name from the Zimmer frame , the UK term for a mobility aid known in other countries as a walker .   The band was created as a feature in a BBC Television documentary which aired on 28 May 2007 . The feature of forming the band and recording a single was intended to give a voice to the feelings of isolation and imprisonment suffered by the elderly . The Zimmers ' logo is a parody of The Beatles ' logo , as is the image of them walking across Abbey Road .   On 7 April 2012 , the band performed the Beastie Boys ' '' ( You Got ta ) Fight for Your Right ( To Party ! ) '' on Britain 's Got Talent . The band toured in 2013 , performing in Warrington on 25 May that year .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Good Goodbye `` Good Goodbye '' is a promotional single by American rock band Linkin Park , featuring guest vocals from American rapper Pusha T and English hip hop artist Stormzy . The song is a promotional single from their seventh studio album , One More Light . The song was written by Linkin Park members , with Pusha T and Stormzy writing their own verses . The song was released for download on April 13 , 2017 .

neg: The Del-Byzanteens The Del-Byzanteens was a New York-based no wave band active in the early 1980s . The band comprised Phil Kline ( vocals , guitar ) ; Jim Jarmusch ( vocals , keyboards ) ; Philippe Hagen ( bass ) ; Josh Braun ( percussion , drums ) ; and Dan Braun ( drums , percussion ) . Luc Sante wrote the lyrics to some of their songs , while James Nares sometimes contributed as a percussionist , and occasionally John Lurie performed with them on stage .   They released a 12 '' EP : Girl 's Imagination ( 1981 ) , an LP : Lies to Live By ( 1982 ) , and a 7 '' single : Draft Riot ( 1982 ) . In 1985-86 they recorded two more songs ( `` The Last Time '' and `` Fascination '' ) , which were never finished or officially released .   `` At that time everyone in New York had a band , '' Jarmusch recalled in an interview The Washington Post ( 1984 ) . `` The idea was that you did n't have to be a virtuoso musician to have a band . The spirit was more important than having technical expertise , and that influenced a lot of filmmakers . '' According to Sante , they were `` a band that insouciantly blended high and low , virtuosity and amateurism , calypso and science fiction , pots and pans and drones and the Supremes . They released several records , on a British label , which did very well in the former Yugoslavia . ''   They played a number of concerts at clubs such as CBGB , Hurrah and the Mudd Club in New York City . Two of their songs were featured in Wim Wenders ' 1982 film The State of Things . At the time , Hot Press said that their debut LP was `` a debut equal to anything out of New York these past six years '' , and Melody Maker described it as `` mighty stuff ... You are strongly urged to investigate this record ... outstanding . '' Like the filmmaker Jim Jarmusch , many of its members have gone on to become famous in their own right , making music ( Phil Kline ) , art ( James Nares ) , and writing ( Luc Sante ) .   Their back catalogue has never been re-issued on CD , and Del-Byzanteens vinyl is a rare sight on the second-hand market . However , `` Girl 's Imagination '' was featured on the Beggars Banquet 's 1999 compilation Pspyched ! , and again on the Gomma compilation Anti-NY in 2001 , while `` My Hands Are Yellow ( from the job that i do ) '' was released on New York Noise Vol 2 , in 2003 . Three of their shows at the Hurrah club were filmed , in their entirety , by Merrill Aldighieri . In early 2011 she released a 52-minute `` hand-made '' DVD , `` Eskimo Lounge Music '' , featuring live footage from these performances , interfoiled with recent interviews with the band members .

neg: The Fountainhead (band) The Fountainhead was an Irish rock band founded by Steve Belton and Pat O'Donnell in 1982 . In 1984 , the duo won a music contest with a prize of 20 hours of recording time at Windmill Lane Studios . They used this time to record their first single , `` Rhythm Method '' , which they released independently in 1984 . After the song became popular on Irish radio , they were offered a contract with China Records .   The band 's name comes from the novel of the same name by the Objectivist author and philosopher , Ayn Rand .   China Records released the band 's first studio album , The Burning Touch , in 1986 . For touring , Belton and O'Donnell brought in bass player Peter McKinney , drummer Willie de Mange , and keyboardist Phil Rennick . The expanded lineup debuted on 17 May 1986 at the Self Aid benefit concert . Their performance of the song `` Feel It Now '' appeared on the follow-up Live for Ireland charity album .   The Fountainhead began a North American tour in November 1986 . Songs from their final American show , at Whisky a Go Go on 9 December 1986 , were recorded and released as an EP in 1987 .   Their second and final studio album , Voice of Reason , was released in 1988 . The group disbanded in 1990 .

neg: We Made It `` We Made It '' is a promo single by rapper Busta Rhymes featuring American rock band Linkin Park . The song was to be on Busta Rhymes 's eighth studio album Back on My B.S. , but was then cancelled off the track list because the album was released on a different label as `` We Made It '' was Busta Rhymes 's last song on Interscope . The song was produced by Cool & Dre , with additional production by Linkin Park 's Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson . The song was released on April 29 , 2008 . It was Busta Rhymes 's final release on Aftermath Entertainment . The track debuted and peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 charts at # 65 .

neg: Real Friends (band) Real Friends is an American pop punk band from Tinley Park , Illinois , United States . To date , the band has released six EPs and two studio albums . The band is currently signed to Fearless Records . The band released their second studio album , The Home Inside My Head , on May 27 , 2016 .

neg: Blink-182 Blink-182 ( often stylized as blink-182 ; pronounced `` blink one eighty two '' ) is an American rock band formed in Poway , California in 1992 . The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus , drummer Travis Barker , and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . Founded by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge , bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor , the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor . Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action ; in response , the band appended the meaningless number '' -182 '' .   In its early years , Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band 's debut , Cheshire Cat ( 1995 ) . The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album , Dude Ranch ( 1997 ) . Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker . The group 's next two releases , Enema of the State ( 1999 ) and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket ( 2001 ) , were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay . The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group . DeLonge quit in 2005 , sending the band into what was termed an `` indefinite hiatus '' . They reunited in 2009 , producing the trio 's sixth album , Neighborhoods ( 2011 ) . In 2015 , DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . The band 's seventh studio album , California , was released on July 1 , 2016 .   Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk ; the band 's combination of pop melodies with fast-paced punk rock featured a more radio-friendly accessibility than prior bands . The trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States , and over 50 million albums worldwide . In 2011 , The New York Times asserted , `` no punk band of the 1990s has been more influential than Blink-182 , '' and even as the band receded after its 2005 split , `` its sound and style could be heard in the muscular pop punk of Fall Out Boy or in the current wave of high-gloss Warped Tour punk bands , like All Time Low and The Maine . ''

neg: Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes .   Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .

neg: One More Light One More Light is the seventh studio album by American rock band Linkin Park . It was released on May 19 , 2017 through Warner Bros. . Records and Machine Shop , following the 2014 album The Hunting Party . The album 's first single , `` Heavy '' was released on March 16 , 2017 . It is their first album with a title track . In deciding on the title track , they felt that the song `` One More Light '' was the heart of the album .   The album features guest vocal appearances from Pusha T , Stormzy , and Kiiara , and production and songwriting collaborations with Julia Michaels , Justin Tranter , Ross Golan , Andrew Goldstein , blackbear , and Eg White .   Acoustic performances of the lead single by Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda helped promote One More Light . A few of them included performances with Kiiara , Waxx , and Sofia Karlberg .

neg: Chain Reaction (1960s band) Chain Reaction , also known as The Strangeurs , was an American rock band from Yonkers , New York . They had two singles and were most notable for having lead singer Steven Tallarico ( Steven Tyler , as he would later come to be known ) . They started off as the Strangers , until finding a group who already had that name , switching to The Strangeurs as a result . After a line-up change they changed their name to Chain Reaction .   Chain Reaction performed in concert as the opening act for such groups as The Beach Boys , The Byrds and The Yardbirds . The band 's 1966 song `` When I Needed You '' appeared on Aerosmith 's 1991 compilation box set album Pandora 's Box .

neg: KMFDM KMFDM ( originally Kein Mehrheit Für Die Mitleid , `` loosely '' translated by the band as `` no pity for the majority '' ) is an industrial band led by German multi-instrumentalist Sascha Konietzko , who founded the group in 1984 as a performance art project .   The group 's earliest incarnation included German drummer En Esch and British vocalist Raymond Watts , the latter of whom left and rejoined the group several times over its history . The trio recorded the band 's earliest albums in Germany before Konietzko and Esch moved to the United States , where they found much greater success with seminal industrial record label Wax Trax ! . German guitarist Günter Schulz joined in 1990 ; both he and Esch continued with the band until KMFDM broke up in 1999 . Konietzko resurrected KMFDM in 2002 ( Esch and Schulz declined to rejoin ) on Metropolis Records , and by 2005 he had assembled a consistent line-up that included American singer Lucia Cifarelli , British guitarists Jules Hodgson and Steve White , and British drummer Andy Selway . Konietzko and Cifarelli moved back to Germany in 2007 , while the rest of the band stayed in the U.S. . In addition to these core members , dozens of other musicians have worked with the group across its nineteen studio albums and two dozen singles , with sales totaling in excess of two million records worldwide .   Critics consider KMFDM to be one of the first bands to bring industrial music to mainstream audiences , though Konietzko refers to the band 's music as `` The Ultra-Heavy Beat '' . The band incorporates heavy metal guitar riffs , electronic music , samples , and both male and female vocals in its music , which encompasses a variety of styles including industrial rock and electronic body music . The band is fiercely political , with many of its lyrics taking stands against violence , war , and oppression . KMFDM normally tours at least once after every major release , and band members are known for their accessibility to and interaction with fans , both online and at concerts . Members , singly or working together and with other musicians , have recorded under many other names , primarily Watts ' Pig , Konietzko 's Excessive Force , and Esch and Schulz 's Slick Idiot .


query: Claire Danes has one child with a man.

pos: Claire Danes Claire Catherine Danes ( born April 12 , 1979 ) is an American actress . She is the recipient of three Emmy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , and two Screen Actors Guild Awards . In 2012 , Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world , and she was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2015 .   Danes gained recognition with her role as Angela Chase in the acclaimed 1994 teen drama series My So-Called Life . The role won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress and a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series . She made her film debut the same year in Little Women ( 1994 ) . Her other films include Romeo + Juliet ( 1996 ) , The Rainmaker ( 1997 ) , Les Misérables ( 1998 ) , Brokedown Palace ( 1999 ) , the 1999 English dub of Princess Mononoke ( 1997 ) , Igby Goes Down ( 2002 ) , The Hours ( 2002 ) , Terminator 3 : Rise of the Machines ( 2003 ) , Shopgirl ( 2005 ) and Stardust ( 2007 ) .   From 1998 to 2000 , Danes attended Yale University before dropping out to return to acting . She appeared in an Off-Broadway production of The Vagina Monologues in 2000 , and made her Broadway debut playing Eliza Doolittle in the 2007 revival of Pygmalion . In 2010 , she portrayed Temple Grandin in the highly acclaimed HBO TV film Temple Grandin , which won her a second Golden Globe and her first Primetime Emmy Award for the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie . Since 2011 , she has starred as Carrie Mathison in the Showtime drama series Homeland , for which she has won two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series , two Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama , and the Television Critics Association Award for Individual Achievement in Drama . She is married to actor Hugh Dancy , with whom she has one child .

pos: Hugh Dancy Hugh Michael Horace Dancy ( born 19 June 1975 ) is an English actor and model . He is best known for his roles as Will Graham in the television series Hannibal for which he was nominated for two Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series and as Prince Charmont in Ella Enchanted . In 2006 , he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his portrayal of the Earl of Essex in the Channel 4 miniseries Elizabeth I.

neg: Damien Dante Wayans Damien Dante Wayans ( born April 15 , 1980 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , producer and director . He is a member of the Wayans family .

neg: Single Father (TV series) Single Father is a four-episode 2010 BBC television drama centred on Dave ( David Tennant ) , a photographer attempting to look after his children as a single father after the death of his partner , Rita ( Laura Fraser ) , in a road traffic accident . The series also explores the complicated and growing romance between Dave and Rita 's best friend , Sarah ( Suranne Jones ) . The series began airing on BBC One on 10 October 2010 at a 9pm timeslot , with 5 million viewers . BBC has no plans for a second series of the show .

neg: Ellen Marlow Ellen Taylor Marlow ( born February 22 , 1994 ) is a former American child actress . She is best known for her role as Claire Lyons in The Clique movie based on the books by Lisi Harrison .

neg: Prince Christian of Denmark Prince Christian of Denmark , Count of Monpezat ( Christian Valdemar Henri John ; born 15 October 2005 ) is the elder son and eldest child of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary . He is a grandson of Queen Margrethe II and her husband Prince Henrik . He is second in the Danish line of succession , after his father . His sister Isabella is immediately after him in the line of succession .

neg: Prince Harald of Schaumburg-Lippe Prince Harald of Schaumburg-Lippe ( Harald Christian Leopold Gustav ; b. 27 March 1948 , in Schloss Hagenburg , Niedersachsen ) is the third son of Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Feodora of Denmark and the great-grandson of Frederick VIII of Denmark , a member of the Danish Royal Family .   He married Petra Wera Kirstein on 22 July 1976 ; they divorced in 1980 . He married Gabrielle Hagermann on 23 September 1988 .   Under Danish law he is not in line to inherit the throne , as he is not descended from Christian X . He is however in line of succession to the British throne as a descendant of George II of Great Britain , through his daughter Queen Louisa of Denmark and Norway .

neg: Claire Redfield is a fictional character in the Resident Evil ( Biohazard in Japan ) horror franchise by Capcom . Claire is the younger sister of Chris Redfield , an American special police officer who is a protagonist of the first Resident Evil game , and is herself a protagonist of the video games Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil - Code : Veronica , where she is a zombie outbreak survivor turned a vigilante . She returned as an abducted activist in the video game Resident Evil : Revelations 2 after being absent from the main series for a decade and half since Code : Veronica .   Claire has also appeared in various other media , including several additional video games , the computer-animated film Resident Evil : Degeneration , and the non-canon live-action films Resident Evil : Extinction , Resident Evil : Afterlife and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter , as well as in the promotion and merchandise for the franchise . She was very well received by critics and became one of the most popular Resident Evil characters .

neg: Claire Fraser (character) Claire Fraser is a fictional character in the Outlander series of multi-genre novels by American author Diana Gabaldon , and its television adaptation . In the series , Claire is a married World War II nurse visiting Scotland who finds herself transported from 1945 back to 1743 . There she finds adventure , war and romance with the dashing Highland warrior Jamie Fraser . Smart , stubborn and willful , Claire uses her wits , practical medical skills and knowledge of the future to survive in the 18th century .   Claire is portrayed by Irish actress Caitriona Balfe in the Starz television series Outlander . Balfe won a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television in 2015 and 2016 , and a People 's Choice Award for Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress in 2016 . She also received nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Television Series Drama in 2015 and 2016 .

neg: Elena Michaels Elena Michaels is a fictional character in the Women of the Otherworld series . Elena is a pack werewolf who was bitten by her lover Clayton Danvers . She married Danvers , and they have two children , Logan and Katherine ( nicknamed Kate ) . Elena becomes Pack Alpha after Jeremy Danvers steps down .

neg: Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg Alexandra , Countess of Frederiksborg , ( born Alexandra Christina Manley on 30 June 1964 ) was the first wife of Prince Joachim of Denmark , the younger son of Queen Margrethe II .   She is of mixed Chinese-European ancestry and lived in Hong Kong until she met Prince Joachim in 1994 . They were married from 1995 to 2005 and had two boys . After her divorce she remarried and stayed in Denmark .

neg: Marcus Patrick Marcus Patrick ( born Patrick Marcus Osborne , 5 June 1974 , Bath , Somerset ) is an English actor .

neg: Ian Somerhalder Ian Joseph Somerhalder ( born December 8 , 1978 ) is an American actor , model and director . He is known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama Lost and Damon Salvatore in The CW 's supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries .

neg: Jennifer Freeman Jennifer Nichole Freeman ( born October 20 , 1985 ) is an American actress , often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman . She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom My Wife and Kids .

neg: Brad Willis (Neighbours) Bradley `` Brad '' Willis is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours . He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 31 October 1989 . The character was initially played by Benjamin Mitchell , before Scott Michaelson took over the role two years later . Brad was re-introduced alongside his sister , Gaby ( Rachel Blakely ) , during a period of roller coaster ratings for the show . Michaelson revealed that as soon as he learnt he had won the role of Brad , he went surfing five days in a row , as he knew he was going to be busy over the upcoming months . Michaelson signed a new twelve-month contract with Neighbours in October 1992 and a year later , he announced he would be leaving the soap . Michaelson filmed his final scenes in November and departed on 15 December 1993 .   Before the character returned to Neighbours , he was said to be living in America after gaining a basketball scholarship . The scriptwriters had wanted Brad to become a professional player , but after Michaelson told them he was a surfer , Brad became a `` surf bum '' instead . Brad was described as being a `` friend to all '' and a `` nice , lovable fool '' . He had a caring attitude and a love for family . The character 's storylines often revolved around his relationships . He dated his neighbour , Lucy Robinson ( Melissa Bell ) , and then fell in love with Beth Brennan ( Natalie Imbruglia ) . The couple became engaged , but Beth learned Brad was having an affair with Lauren Carpenter ( Sarah Vandenbergh ) on their wedding day . After dating different people for a while , Brad and Beth got back together and married .   In August 1992 , Brad was shot after trying to save his mother from a hostage situation involving Bob Landers ( Bruce Kilpatrick ) . Michaelson stated that Brad 's actions might not have been sensible , but he acted instinctively and the actor thought that others would have reacted the same way . A writer from BBC Online named the storyline as Brad 's most notable moment throughout his duration on the show . While a reporter for the Herald Sun called Brad `` one of the show 's most popular characters '' and commented that Michaelson had a huge following because of his good looks . For his portrayal of Brad , Michaelson earned a nomination for Most Popular Actor at the 1993 Logie Awards . He also received a nomination for Hottest Man in Soap at the Inside Soap TV Awards , while Brad was nominated for Best Male Character .   The character was reintroduced in early 2013 , with Kip Gamblin taking over the role . Brad displayed a more mature attitude , but still retained his relaxed outlook . He returned with a new wife , Terese ( Rebekah Elmaloglou ) , and their children , Josh ( Harley Bonner ) , Imogen ( Ariel Kaplan ) and Piper ( Mavournee Hazel ) . The character departed on 7 April 2017 , along with his wife Lauren ( Kate Kendall ) .

neg: Stepfather A stepfather or stepdad is the man who married one of one 's parents after divorce or widowhood . He is not one 's biological father .

neg: Catherine Lowe Catherine Ligaya Lowe , ( née Catherine Ligaya Mejia Giudici ; born April 1986 ) is an American graphic designer , reality television star , and the winner of the seventeenth season of ABC 's The Bachelor . She is married to the former bachelor , Sean Lowe . On December 8 , 2015 , the Lowes announced they were expecting their first child . Their son was born on July 2 , 2016 .

neg: Nick Benedict Nick Benedict ( born July 14 , 1947 in Los Angeles ) is an American actor . He played the role of Curtis Reed in Days of Our Lives between 1993 and 2001 . He is the older half-brother of Samuel Benedict and the son of actor Richard Benedict . He made his debut in 1955 in the series Wiretapper as a child . His first performance as an adult was in Mike and the Mermaid at the age of 17 . In 1969 he appeared in the Mission Impossible TV series episode , The Vault . He appeared on The Dukes Of Hazzard , as Frank James , in the seventh season episode Go West , Young Dukes . In 1990 he starred alongside Nancy Allen in the TV film Memories of a Murder . In the 1990s he mainly appeared in films aside from his ongoing role in Days of our Lives . His last screen appearance was minor role in George Santo Pietro 's Kept in 2001 .

neg: Child Star (Glee) `` Child Star '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the 117th overall . The episode was written by Ned Martel , directed by supervising producer Michael Hitchcock , and first aired on February 27 , 2015 on Fox in the United States .   The episode takes place as New Directions are hired by a young boy to perform at his bar mitzvah party , but he turns out to cause all sorts of problems . Meanwhile , Mason McCarthy is developing feelings for Jane Hayward but runs into issues with his sister Madison McCarthy , and Roderick helps Spencer Porter to begin a new relationship .

neg: Claire King Claire King ( born Jayne Claire Seed on 10 January 1963 ) is an English actress . She is best known for playing the role of Kim Tate in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale and Karen Betts in Bad Girls . She has appeared in the fourth series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2006 , Safari School in 2007 , and Celebrity Big Brother 14 in 2014 . She currently plays Erica Holroyd in Coronation Street .

neg: Romeo + Juliet William Shakespeare 's Romeo + Juliet ( shortened to Romeo + Juliet ) is a 1996 American romantic drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Baz Luhrmann , co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli and co-written by Craig Pearce , being an adaption and modernization of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Romeo and Juliet . The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles of Romeo and Juliet , who instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets her despite them being members of the Montague and Capulet family ; Brian Dennehy , John Leguizamo , Pete Postlethwaite , Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora star in supporting roles .   While it retains the original Shakespearean dialogue , the Montagues and the Capulets are represented as warring mafia empires ( with legitimate business fronts ) and swords are replaced with guns ( with brand names such as `` Dagger '' and `` Sword '' ) . Some of the characters ' names are also changed . Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet are given first names ( as opposed to the Shakespeare original where their first names are never mentioned ) , Friar Lawrence becomes Father Lawrence , and Prince Escalus is renamed Captain Prince . There is also no Friar John , who was in the original play . Also , some characters were switched from one family to the other -- in the original , Gregory and Sampson are Capulets , but in the film , they are Montagues . ( Abram , as Abra , and Petruchio , conversely , are shifted from the Montague to the Capulet family . ) In addition , a few plot details are shifted , most notably near the ending .   The film was released on November 1 , 1996 by 20th Century Fox to commercial and generally critical success , grossing over $ 147.5 million over a $ 14.5 million budget and receiving generally positive reviews . At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997 , DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize . Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture . At the 69th Academy Awards , Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration .

neg: FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname .   The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters .   The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children .   The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants :  George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson :  Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 )  Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 )  Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 )  Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 )  Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 )  Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 )  Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue )  Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 )  Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 )  Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 )  William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 )  Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 )  Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 )  Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 )  Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 )  Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 )    Category : House of Hanover  Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom  Category : William IV of the United Kingdom  Category : Norman-language surnames !


query: Hong Kong maintains its interdependent executive, legislative, and judiciary powers.

pos: Hong Kong Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China , is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of China . Macau lies across the delta to the west , and the province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north . With a total land area of 1,106 km2 and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities , it ranks as the world 's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory .   After the First Opium War ( 1839 -- 42 ) , Hong Kong became a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island , followed by the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898 . Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in 1945 . In the early 1980s , negotiations between the United Kingdom and China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration , which paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997 , when it became a special administrative region ( SAR ) of the Peoples Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy .   Under the principle of `` one country , two systems '' , Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China . Except in military defence and foreign affairs , Hong Kong maintains its independent executive , legislative and judiciary powers . In addition , Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of `` appropriate fields '' .   Hong Kong is one of the world 's most significant financial centres , with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world 's most competitive and freest economic entity . As the world 's 8th largest trading entity , its legal tender , the Hong Kong dollar , is the world 's 13th most traded currency . It 's also a member of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) . Hong Kong 's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by simple taxation with a competitive level of corporate tax and supported by its independent judiciary system . However , while Hong Kong has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , it suffers from severe income inequality .   Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour , which enables ready access by international cargo ships , and its impressive skyline , with a very high density of skyscrapers ; the territory boasts the second largest number of high rises of any city in the world . It has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the world 's longest life expectancy . Over 90 % of the population makes use of well-developed public transportation . Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring industrial areas of Mainland China , which adopts loose emissions standards , has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates .

neg: Pro-Beijing camp Pro-Beijing camp , pro-China camp or pro-establishment camp refers to a political alignment in Hong Kong which generally supports the policies of the Beijing government towards Hong Kong . The term `` pro-establishment camp '' is regularly in use to label the boarder segment of the Hong Kong political arena which has the closer relationship with the establishment , namely the Government of the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) and the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ( HKSAR ) . It is also portrayed as the `` Patriotic Front '' by the pro-Beijing media and sometimes portrayed as `` loyalists '' by the pro-democracy camp .   The pro-Beijing evolved from Hong Kong 's pro-Communist faction , which was often called the `` leftists '' , who have had a long history of following directions of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) towards Hong Kong . It launched the 1967 Leftist Riots against the British colonial rule in Hong Kong and had a long rivalry with the pro-Kuomintang bloc . After the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed in 1984 , affirming Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong from 1997 , the traditional leftists realigned itself and formed a `` United Front '' with the conservative pro-business elites to counter the emergence of the pro-democracy camp in the 1990s and ensure a smooth transition of the Hong Kong sovereignty in Beijing 's interest .   Since the handover in 1997 , the pro-Beijing camp has become the major supporting force of the Hong Kong government and maintained control of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( LegCo ) , with the advantages in the indirectly elected functional constituencies . It generally embraces the conservative values politically , socially and economically and Chinese nationalistic and patriotic sentiments .

neg: List of political parties in China The People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) is formally a multi-party state under the leadership of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) in a United Front similar to the popular fronts of former Communist-era Eastern European countries such as the National Front of Democratic Germany .   Under the one country , two systems scheme , the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau , which were previously colonies of European powers , operate under a different political system to the rest of the PRC . Currently , both Hong Kong and Macau possess multi-party systems .

neg: List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong This is a list of buildings and structures in Hong Kong , in alphabetical order .   AIG Tower  AsiaWorld-Expo  Bank of America Tower  Bank of China Tower  The Center  Central Plaza  Central Police Station  Cheung Kong Centre  Chinese People 's Liberation Army Forces Hong Kong Building ( formerly the Prince of Wales Building )  Chungking Mansions  Cyberport  Exchange Square ( Hong Kong ) ( Exchange Square One , Two and Three )  Flagstaff House , housing the Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware  Government House  Gwen 's Hotel in Central  The Harbourside  Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts  Hong Kong China Temple  Hong Kong Coliseum  Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre  Hong Kong International Trade and Exhibition Center  Hong Kong Stadium  Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre  Hopewell Centre  HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building  International Commerce Centre  International Finance Centre ( 1 and 2 )  Island Shangri-La ( hotel )  Jardine House  Kowloon Shangri-La ( hotel )  Langham Place  Legislative Council of Hong Kong ( former Supreme Court Building )  Le Meridien Cyberport Hotel  Liaison Office of the Central People 's Government  Lippo Centre  Mandarin Oriental ( formerly Queens Building )  Manulife Plaza  Murray House  Nine Queen 's Road Central  Nisha 's Center in Central  Panda Hotel  The Peninsula Hong Kong ( hotel )  Prince of Wales Hospital  Prince 's Building  Shui On Centre  St. John 's Cathedral  Standard Chartered Bank  Tung Chung Fort  Wing On House  Wong Tai Sin Temple  World-Wide House  Yiu Tung Public Library

neg: Mainland Affairs Council The Mainland Affairs Council ( MAC ) is a cabinet-level administrative agency under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China . The MAC is responsible for the planning , development , and implementation of policies between the Republic of China on Taiwan and the People 's Republic of China which administers mainland China , Hong Kong and Macau . The MAC counterpart body by the PRC is the Taiwan Affairs Office . Both states officially claim each other 's territory , however the Republic of China controls only Taiwan and surrounding islands , and therefore is usually known as `` Taiwan '' , sometimes referred to as the `` Free Area '' of the Republic of China by the Constitution of the Republic of China . The People 's Republic of China controls mainland China as well as Hong Kong , Macau , Hainan , and other islands and is therefore usually known simply as `` China '' .   The Mainland Affairs Council is administered by a cabinet level Minister . The current Minister is Katharine Chang .   The council plays an important role in setting policy and development of relations with mainland China and advising the central government . The agency funds and indirectly administers the Straits Exchange Foundation which is the official intermediary with the PRC .

neg: Politics of South Korea Politics of the Republic of Korea takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President is the head of state , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly . The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and comprises a Supreme Court , appellate courts and a Constitutional Court . Since 1948 , the constitution has undergone five major revisions , each signifying a new republic . The current Sixth Republic began with the last major constitutional revision in 1987 .

neg: 1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii The Constitution of 1852 served as the Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1852 through 1864 . It was passed during the reign of King Kamehameha III . It heavily liberalized the structure of the Hawaiian government compared to the previous 1840 constitution , introducing new elements of democracy into the government and reducing the influence of the monarch in kingdom affairs .   The 1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii was divided into seven parts .   The seven parts were :   1 . Declaration of Rights   2 . Form of Government   3 . Of the Executive Power   a. Section I : The King , His Prerogatives  b. Section II : Of the Kuhina Nui  c. Section III : Of the Privy Council  d. Section IV : Of the King 's Ministers  e. Section V : Of the Governors   4 . Of the Legislative Power   a. Of the House of Nobles  b. Of the House of Representatives   5 . Of the Judiciary   6 . General Provisions   7 . More Amending of the Constitution   The Declaration of Rights stated that the Hawaiians were a free people .   The Form of Government stated that Hawaii was a Constitutional Monarchy .   The section `` Of the Executive Power '' declared the powers of the executive power .   The section `` Of the Legislative Power '' declared the powers of the legislative power .   The section `` Of the Judiciary '' declared the powers of the judiciary .   The General Provisions stated anything unmentioned earlier besides the amending power .   The final section allowed for amending of the constitution .

neg: Internet censorship in Hong Kong There is very little Internet censorship in Hong Kong beyond laws that criminalize the distribution of unlicensed copyrighted material and obscene images , particularly child pornography . Hong Kong law provides for freedom of speech and press , and the government generally respects these rights in practice . Freedom of expression is well protected by the Hong Kong Bill of Rights . No websites , regardless of their political views , are blocked and government licenses are not required to operate a website . There is some monitoring of the Internet . Democratic activists claim central government authorities closely monitor their e-mails and Internet use .

neg: Carrie Lam as Chief Executive of Hong Kong The administration of Carrie Lam as Chief Executive of Hong Kong , officially referred to as `` The 5th term Chief Executive of Hong Kong '' relates to the period of governance of Hong Kong since the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong headed by Chief Executive Carrie Lam , between 1 July 2017 and 30 June 2022 .

neg: Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal The Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal is the head of the Judiciary of Hong Kong and the chief judge of the Court of Final Appeal . The Chief Justice is one of four permanent members of the Court . During British rule between 1843 and 1997 , the office was known as the Chief Justice of Hong Kong .   The Chief Justice acts as the chief administrative officer for the courts system , and in that capacity serves as the spokesperson for the judicial branch ; he is assisted by the Chief Judge of the High Court , who is responsible for the administration of the High Court and is accountable to the Chief Justice . The office of Chief Justice is second only to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong in the Hong Kong order of precedence . In the case of an impeachment of a Chief Executive of Hong Kong , the Chief Justice presides over the trial as provided by the Hong Kong Basic Law .   The first Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal was Andrew Li . The second and incumbent Chief Justice is Geoffrey Ma .

neg: Constitution of the Communist Party of China The Constitution of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program , Membership , Organization System , Central Organizations , Local Organizations , Primary Organizations , Party Cadres , Party Discipline , Party Organs for Discipline Inspection , Leading Party Members ' Groups , Relationship Between the Party and the Communist Youth League , Party Emblem and Flag .   The Party Constitution currently in force was adopted at the Twelfth National Congress of the CPC in September 1982 . In accordance with the changing situation and tasks , revisions were made in some of the articles at the Thirteenth National Congress in November 1987 and in the General Program and some of the articles at the Fourteenth National Congress in October 1992 , and a few revisions were made in the General Program at the Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC in November 2002 .   The organizational principle that drives the political system of the PRC is `` democratic centralism '' . Within the system , the democratic feature demands participation and expression of opinion on key policy issues from members at all levels of party organization . It depends on a constant process of consultation and investigation . At the same time , the centralist feature requires that subordinate organizational levels follow the dictates of superior levels . Once the debate has reached the highest level and decisions concerning policy have been made , all party members are obliged to support the Central Committee .   The constitution emphasizes the party 's role in promoting socialist democracy , in developing and strengthening a socialist legal system , and in consolidating public resolve to carry out the modernization program .

neg: Central and Western Democratic Power Central and Western Democratic Power is a local political group in the Central and Western district of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China . It was convened by Kam Nai Wai , a member of Democratic Party and Central and Western District Councillor , and is mainly composed of pro-democracy District Councillors of the district .   Its platform includes striving for general election of the Chief Executive in 2007 and Legislative Council in 2008 , public consultation of implementation of Article 23 of the Basic Law by means of a White Bill , stopping reclamation to protect the Victoria Harbour , cutting transportation fares for elderly citizens , and other local affairs .   8 out of 10 members of the group won in the 2003 District Council elections in the Central and Western district .

neg: Taxation in Hong Kong Under Article 108 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong , the taxation system in Hong Kong is independent of , and different from , the taxation system in mainland China . In addition , under Article 106 of the Hong Kong Basic Law , Hong Kong enjoys independent public finance , and no tax revenue is handed over to the Central Government in China . The taxation system in Hong Kong is generally considered to be simple , transparent and straightforward among jurisdictions in the world . Taxes are collected through the Inland Revenue Department ( IRD ) .   Since the Common Law System is applied in Hong Kong , judgements by the Courts and Boards of Review in tax law cases are resorted to assist the interpretation of taxation rules and concepts . Furthermore , the Inland Revenue Department also issues Departmental Interpretation and Practice Notes ( DIPNs ) from time to time to clarify and elaborate on the tax rules and to smoothen the tax collection process .   Taxes collected in Hong Kong can be generally classified as :  Direct tax -- including Salaries Tax , Property Tax and Profits Tax ; the guiding statue is Inland Revenue Ordinance ( Cap 112 ) ;  Indirect tax -- including Stamps Duty , Betting Duty , Estate Duty ( abolished on 11 February 2006 ) and others .   In the fiscal year 2013/14 , Profits tax , an income tax on corporations constituted the largest source of tax collected by the government , followed by Salaries Tax , an income tax on individuals .

neg: Legislative Assembly of Macau The Legislative Assembly ( AL ; Portuguese : Assembleia Legislativa ; Traditional Chinese : 立法會 ; Simplified Chinese : 立法会 ) is the organ of the legislative branch of Macau . It is a 33-member body comprising 14 directly elected members , 12 indirectly elected members representing functional constituencies and 7 members appointed by the chief executive . It is located at Sé .   It is also known in English as the Legislative Council of Macao , according to the official translation of the territory 's basic law .

neg: Conservatism in Hong Kong Conservatism has deep roots in Hong Kong politics and society . As a political trend , it is often reflected in but not limited to the current pro-Beijing camp , one of the two major political forces in Hong Kong , as opposed to liberalism , a dominant feature of the pro-democracy camp .

neg: Constitutional Court of Thailand The Constitutional Court ( ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ; -LSB- sǎːn • rát • tʰà • tʰam • má • nuːn -RSB- ) is an independent Thai court founded under the 1997 Constitution with jurisdiction over the constitutionality of parliamentary acts , royal decrees , draft legislation , as well as the appointment and removal of public officials and issues regarding political parties . The current court was established by the 2007 Constitution and is part of the judicial branch of the Thai national government .   The court , along with the 1997 Constitution , was dissolved and replaced by a Constitutional Tribunal in 2006 following the coup d'État . While the Constitutional Court had 15 members , 7 from the judiciary and 8 selected by a special panel , the Constitution Tribunal had 9 members , all from the judiciary . A similar institution , consisting of 9 members , was again established by the 2007 Constitution .   The Constitutional Court has provoked much public debate , both regarding the court 's jurisdiction and composition as well as the initial selection of justices . A long-standing issue has been the degree of control exerted by the judiciary over the court .   The decisions of the court are final and inappealable . The decisions also bind every state organ , including the National Assembly , the Council of Ministers and other courts .   The various versions of the court have made several significant decisions . These included the 1999 decision that deputy minister of agriculture Newin Chidchop could retain his cabinet seat after being sentenced to imprisonment for defamation , the 2001 acquittal of Thaksin Shinawatra for filing an incomplete statement regarding his wealth , with the National Anti-Corruption Commission , the 2003 invalidation of Jaruvan Maintaka appointment as auditor-general , the 2007 dissolution of the Thai Rak Thai political party , and the 2014 removal of prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra from office .

neg: Copyright law of Hong Kong Copyright law in Hong Kong to a great extent follows the English model . The Basic Law of Hong Kong , its constitutional document , guarantees a high degree of autonomy and continuation of laws previously in force after its reunification with Mainland China . Hong Kong therefore continues to maintain a separate intellectual property regime from Mainland China . Article 139 and 140 of the Basic Law specifically deal with the protection of copyright in Hong Kong .  Article 139   The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall , on its own , formulate policies on science and technology and protect by law achievements in scientific and technological research , patents , discoveries and inventions .   The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall , on its own , decide on the scientific and technological standards and specifications applicable in Hong Kong .   Article 140   The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall , on its own , formulate policies on culture and protect by law the achievements and the lawful rights and interests of authors in their literary and artistic creation .

neg: Security Bureau (Hong Kong) The Security Bureau is a body of the Government of Hong Kong responsible for a range of activities , including law enforcement , search and rescue and administer various laws in relation to the security of Hong Kong .   The bureau is headed by the Secretary for Security .   Before 1997 , it was named the Security Branch . Before 1973 it was known as the Defence Branch .

neg: Politics of Portugal Politics in Portugal takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government . Portugal has a multi-party system . The President of Portugal is the executive head of state and has several significant political powers , which he exercises often . Executive power is exercised by the President and the Council of Ministers . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature .   Since 1975 , the party system has been dominated by the social democratic Socialist Party and the liberal-conservative Social Democratic Party .

neg: Unitary executive theory The unitary executive theory is a theory of American constitutional law holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch . The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution , which vests `` the executive power '' of the United States in the President .   Although that general principle is widely accepted , there is disagreement about the strength and scope of the doctrine . It can be said that some favor a `` strongly unitary '' executive , while others favor a `` weakly unitary '' executive . The former group argue , for example , that Congress 's power to interfere with intra-executive decision-making ( such as firing executive branch officials ) is limited , and that the President can control policy-making by all executive agencies within the limits set for those agencies by Congress . Still others agree that the Constitution requires a unitary executive , but believe this to be a bad thing , and propose its abolition by constitutional amendment .   In several states , in contrast to the federal government , executive officers such as lieutenant governor , attorney general , comptroller , secretary of state and others are elected independently of the state 's governor , with Texas being one example . This type of executive structure is known as a plural executive . Another type of plural executive , used in Japan , Israel , and Sweden , though not in any U.S. state , in which a collegial body comprises the executive branch - however , that collegial body does not comprise multiple members elected in elections , but is rather more akin to the US Cabinet in formation and structure .

neg: Patent law in Hong Kong The patent law in Hong Kong is based on the Hong Kong Patents Ordinance of 27 June 1997 , as last amended on 22 February 2008 . The Hong Kong patent system is independent from the patent system in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , in that a `` patent granted for Hong Kong SAR takes effect in Hong Kong only and does not provide for protection in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) '' .   Two types of patents for inventions are available in Hong Kong , the so-called `` standard patent '' and the `` short-term patent '' :   A standard patent in Hong Kong can be based on a European patent application designating to United Kingdom , or a patent application in the PRC or the United Kingdom ( UK ) . The standard patent is independent from the original foreign patent ( i.e. , from the Chinese patent , the European patent , or the UK patent ) .  Short-term patents are also available . Such patents have a maximum term of eight years from the filing date . The short-term patents are subject to a formality examination only , not to a substantive examination on the patentability of the invention .