query: Dogstar (band) performed at the Glastonbury Convention.

pos: Dogstar (band) Dogstar was an alternative rock group active from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s . The band performed at the 1996 Zwemdokrock Festival ( Lummen , Belgium ) and at the 1999 Glastonbury Festival ( United Kingdom ) , and it released an EP and two albums . The band garnered media attention due to the non-musical activities of bassist Keanu Reeves , who starred in major Hollywood action films such as Point Break , Speed and '' The Matrix .

neg: Live Earth concert, London The Live Earth concert in the United Kingdom was held at Wembley Stadium , London , England on 7 July 2007 .

neg: Rebellion Festival The Rebellion Festival , formerly Holidays in the Sun and the Wasted Festival is an English punk rock festival first held in 1996 .   The first festival in 1996 was held at the Winter Gardens , Blackpool England . It is still held there now , although on some years the festival has been held in nearby Morecambe . Festivals have also been held under the Rebellion and earlier brandnames in Australia , United States , Japan , Germany , Netherlands , Italy , Belgium , the Basque Country , Ireland and Austria .   It is still a family-run , family-orientated event which celebrates Punk in all its forms , but also puts on bands from other alternative genres plus some Glam Rock artists and seminal bands from the 1960s and 1970s . There are up to seven music stages plus also an acoustic stage , a literary stage and a Punk Art gallery along with many workshops , and stalls for clothes , music and other products .   Each year , over 300 acts perform at the festival over a four day period , usually spread over the first weekend in August from Thursday to Sunday . The festival maintains a positive relationship with Blackpool Council and the people of Blackpool in general and has been commended for its involvement with local charities .   The Boomtown Rats ' performance at the 2015 festival made national headlines after lead singer Bob Geldof derided all the other bands and the festival audience on account of their fashion preferences .

neg: Glastonbury Festival 2011 The 2011 Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts was held from 22 -- 26 June 2011 . Tickets for the festival went on sale from 9 am on Sunday 3 October 2010 , over 37 weeks before the festival was set to begin , with a deposit of # 50 being paid , while the whole cost of a ticket is # 195 ( + # 5 booking fee and postage and packaging ) .

neg: The Buggles The Buggles were an English new wave band formed in London in 1977 by singer and bassist Trevor Horn and keyboardist Geoffrey Downes . They are best known for their 1979 debut single `` Video Killed the Radio Star '' that topped the UK Singles Chart and reached number one in 15 other countries .   Formed in London , the duo released their first album , The Age of Plastic , in January 1980 with `` Video Killed the Radio Star '' as its lead single . Its music video was the first shown on MTV in the US on August 1 , 1981 . Soon after the album 's release , Horn and Downes joined the progressive rock band Yes , recording and releasing Drama in the process . Following a tour to promote the album , Yes disbanded in 1980 . The following year , the Buggles released a second album , Adventures in Modern Recording . Its lack of commercial success led to the break up of the group . Since 1998 , Horn and Downes have occasionally performed the Buggles ' songs . In October 2011 , The Buggles reunited to play at the British Music Experience at the O2 Arena in London .

neg: The Islington The Islington is a live music venue located at 1 Tolpuddle Street , London , England , Prior to new ownership it was called the `` North One '' .   It has become a known venue for national and international touring acts . The venue booking schedule has hosted notable performances from Thurston Moore , Jeffrey Lewis -RSB- -RSB- Matthew Caws ( Nada Surf ) -RSB- -RSB- Ethan Johns -RSB- -RSB- Jamie Lawson Sarah Neufeld ( Arcade Fire ) , Ward Thomas The Magic Numbers , Minor Alps , Lisa Mitchell , Whyte Horses , Max Cooke , The High Llamas , Cara Dillon , The Barr Brothers , Jamie Lenman , Ben Taylor and Yasmine Hamdan . The venue has hosted profile book launches from David Hepworth , Paul Morley Hunter Davies , Jon Savage

neg: Rollercoaster Tour The Rollercoaster Tour was a 1992 co-headlining concert tour by the English Britpop band Blur , the American indie rock band Dinosaur Jr. , the Irish alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine and the Scottish noise pop band the Jesus and Mary Chain . A one-leg 11-date tour of the United Kingdom , the tour was in support of all four bands ' current releases : Blur 's debut album Leisure ( 1991 ) , Dinosaur Jr. s fourth album Green Mind ( 1991 ) , My Bloody Valentine 's second album Loveless ( 1991 ) and The Jesus and Mary Chain 's fourth album Honey 's Dead ( 1992 ) .   The tour was curated by the Jesus and Mary Chain 's vocalist Jim Reid , who `` wanted to break the routine '' of performing in small , frequently played venues -- such as Nottinghams Rock City -- and `` cater to all strands of independent rock music '' . Reid was inspired by , and considered the Rollercoaster Tour a British equivalent to , the North American festival Lollapalooza , which the Jesus and Mary Chain performed at in 1991 and which he considered `` fairly disastrous '' . Each band performed a 45-minute set with no encore and the line-up changed each night of the tour , although the Jesus and Mary Chain performed as the final act on all 11 dates .   My Bloody Valentine ceased live performances in the UK after the tour and did not play again until their 2008 reunion tour . The band 's set , which ended with a noise section of their song `` You Made Me Realise '' referred to as the `` holocaust section '' , reportedly caused attendees ' pint glasses to fall out of their hands due to excessive sound pressure levels . Reflecting on the tour , Jim Reid referred to it as `` a lot -LSB- like a -RSB- competition -- who could be the loudest ? Whose was the best film show ? And then there was , who could be most off their tits and still play a show ? '' The Rollercoaster EP , containing material from Blur , My Bloody Valentine , Dinosaur Jr. and the Jesus and Mary Chain , was issued in Melody Maker in March 1992 to promote the tour .

neg: Volta Tour The Volta Tour was a tour by the singer Björk that focused on her album , Volta . Overall , 48 songs were done on the tour focusing on many tracks from Debut through to Vespertine , though mostly from Medúlla and Volta , the former of which did not receive its own tour . The tour band consisted of drummer Chris Corsano , musician Mark Bell ( who also accompanied Björk on the Homogenic tour ) , pianist Jónas Sen ( who played celeste on the tracks Gratitude and Cetacea on the Drawing Restraint 9 soundtrack ) , musician Damian Taylor and a 10 piece female Icelandic brass section . Many of the songs evolved considerably during the tour , including `` Innocence '' which was re-done so as to incorporate brass elements . Live performances of the track `` Declare Independence '' made heavy use of the ReacTable , an electro-acoustic music instrument with a tabletop Tangible User Interface , which is played by Damian Taylor . The Tenori-on was used heavily in performances of `` Who Is It '' . A live DVD and CD of the Volta tour was released as part of Voltaïc . The tour was Björk 's first in four years and saw her play countries that she had not played in over ten years .

neg: Global Gathering 2005 Global Gathering 2005 was held on Friday 29 July 2005 ( 5 pm -- 2 am ) and Saturday 30 July 2005 ( 2 pm -- 6 am ) at Long Marston Airfield , near Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . Global Gathering is the name of an annual dance music festival organised by the Godskitchen brand . The BBC broadcast some of the event live on the national radio station Radio 1 , and had their own stage at the event .

neg: Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits Eurovision Song Contest 's Greatest Hits ( also known as Eurovision 's Greatest Hits ) was a live television concert programme organised by the European Broadcasting Union ( EBU ) and produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) to commemorate the Eurovision Song Contest 's 60th anniversary . The concert took place on 31 March 2015 at the Eventim Apollo , in Hammersmith , London . Guy Freeman was the executive producer and Geoff Posner the director , both of whom held the same positions as the last time the BBC hosted the Eurovision Song Contest in 1998 . Simon Proctor was the senior producer and David Arch was the musical director for the concert . Tickets for the event went on sale at 10am on 6 February 2015 .   Graham Norton and Petra Mede hosted the event , which saw fifteen acts from thirteen countries performing their Eurovision entries from yesteryear . During the televised show , video montages for some of the Eurovision Song Contest archives were shown in-between each live performance . The United Kingdom entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 was performed at the concert , but never broadcast on the televised show . Riverdance performed a reprise of their 1994 Eurovision Song Contest interval act as part of the anniversary celebrations .   Several countries confirmed that they would air the delayed broadcast of the concert on various dates that suited the broadcasters scheduling , including , who first competed in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 as a wildcard entry . The host broadcaster , BBC , and Raidió Teilifís Éireann ( RTÉ ) , simulcast the show on Good Friday , 3 April 2015 across BBC One and RTÉ 2 . The Dutch broadcaster , AVROTROS , were the first to announce their decision to not broadcast the event . Other countries also announced their decision to decline broadcasting the event , including , who had an act taking part in the event .

neg: 0110 The 0110 concerts , held on October 1 , 2006 in Antwerp , Brussels , Charleroi and Ghent , were organised by dEUS frontman Tom Barman , Arno Hintjens and Frederik Sioen to promote tolerance in Belgian society , and `` against Vlaams Belang , extremism and gratuitous violence '' .   According to the organisation , more than 100,000 people attended the concerts ( around 50,000 in Antwerp , 25,000 in Ghent and Brussels , and 5,000 in Charleroi ) . Over 140 Belgian artists and groups , often in unprecedented combinations ( like Daan and Plastic Bertrand , Gorki and Isabelle A , and so on ) , volunteered for the event . Tom Barman stated that this would not be a one-time initiative .   The concerts were sponsored by the Belgian National Lottery . Summer rock festivals like Sfinks , Pukkelpop , Folk Dranouter , Lokerse Feesten , Gentse Feesten and Suikerrock urged their public to support the event .

neg: Warped Tour The Warped Tour is a traveling rock festival that has toured the United States ( including 3 or 4 stops in Canada ) annually each summer since 1995 . It is the largest traveling music festival in the United States , and is the longest-running touring music festival in North America . The first Warped Tour took place in 1995 , and the skateboard shoe manufacturer Vans became the main sponsor of the tour starting with the second tour in 1996 , when it became known as the Vans Warped Tour . Although Vans has continued to be the main sponsor and lend its name to the festival , other sponsors have also participated , with stages or other aspects of the festival sometimes being named after them .   Warped Tour was conceived in 1995 as an eclectic alternative rock festival , but in 1996 began focusing on punk rock music . Although it has continued to be known primarily as a punk rock festival , it has included acts of diverse genres over the years .

neg: Pringles Unsung Pringles Unsung was a music competition in the United Kingdom that ran once from 2006 to 2007 . It was sponsored by the Pringles snack brand , and was one of several brand-sponsored music competitions to be launched during this period . The competition invited unsigned artists to upload a song to the official Pringles Unsung website , where they could then be voted on by the general public and a panel of judges . The most popular songs from each of seven regions progressed to regional heats in Newcastle upon Tyne , Birmingham , Ipswich , Kingston upon Thames , Leeds , Bristol and Plymouth . The winners of the regional heats then competed in a grand final , where they each performed in front of the judging panel . The judging panel consisted of producers Kevin Bacon and Jonathan Quarmby , ex-Island Records managing director Marc Marot , journalist Paul Sexton and Echo & the Bunnymen lead singer Ian McCulloch . McCulloch had become involved as he wanted to encourage exciting new music .   The winners of the Pringles Unsung were Cardiff group The Toy Band , who won with their track `` Riff Song '' . McCulloch described the band as being `` great musicians '' with `` the magic ingredient '' . Their prize was to record a demo produced by Bacon and Quarmby and to receive management advice from Marot .   Response to the competition was mixed . The public relations and communications company GCI London were shortlisted for their role in Pringles Unsung in the Consumer Award category at the 2007 PRCA Awards , but lost out to Nelson Bostock Communications for `` An Extremis Success '' . Adam Webb of The Guardian described the competition as a `` nadir '' of music competitions , and that a band 's associating with it was `` liable to kill the most credible career '' .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Tin Pot Operation Tin Pot Operation or TPO are an indie-punk band originally from Belfast , Northern Ireland , where they have a large local following .   They are notorious for the political content of their music with songs about racism , media manipulation and war and so on .   The band have also played support to The Stranglers , Aslan ( rock band ) and Duke Special and , most recently , were picked by The Damned to play as part of their Twisted Cabaret show in Belfast .   They have released a fourteen track album entitled Manufacturing Dissent ( 2005 ) and a 6-track EP called Here ! It 's the Tin Pot Operation. , along with a stand-alone single `` Blackeye '' in December 2006 .   The band were featured as part of a documentary on the music of Northern Ireland following The Troubles They are noted as being one of the few non-traditional bands to actively write and perform in the Irish Language . They have appeared live on BBC 2 Northern Ireland 's Irish Language music show , An Stuif Ceart , and reached the final of the Irish Language band competition , `` Deis Roc '' , judged by Horslips member Jim Lockhart . They appeared alongside Foy Vance , David Holmes and Ocean Colour Scene at the 2008 New Year 's Eve celebrations in Belfast .   The political content of their music has also seen them listed at The Centre for Political Song at Glasgow Caledonian University .   The band have released Human Resources on the band 's own record label `` Nought Percent Records '' ( a play on the fact that it was funded with a `` 0 % for 6 months '' credit card deal ) . The first single from the new album was `` Sitting There '' , which was released as a free download . The album was initially released in download only form in March 2009 .

neg: Pallas Athena (song) `` Pallas Athena '' is a song written by David Bowie in 1993 for the album Black Tie White Noise .   The name is taken from the Greek goddess , Athena , who is famously depicted in Athenian statues under the form of Pallas Athena . Hence , the name of the song is a suggestion of religion and icons and sets the mood for a dark piece concerning the power that religion has over man .   The lyrics are rather sparse , but the phrase beginning the piece , `` God is on top of it , that 's all , '' delivered as though from an African-American preacher , is ominous and intimidating , accompanied with the sound of strings delivering a sorrowful melody . The piece develops into a techno dance piece , using string sounds to hold the ominous mood while overlaid atop bass and drums . David Bowie 's saxophone playing is amplified into a scream-like sound , which solos , along with Lester Bowie on trumpet . A lyric , `` We are , we are , we are , we are praying , '' is repeated through the close of the song in a somber , monk-like fashion . Ultimately , the song restates Bowie 's interest in how man relates with God .   Bowie used to play a drum 'n' bass version of the song during his 1997 Earthling tour , and a live version recorded at Paradiso , Holland 10 June 1997 was released as a single under the name Tao Jones Index , a very limited edition only available on 12 '' vinyl . Bowie played as Tao Jones Index during his performance in a dance tent at Phoenix Festival in 1997 . It is a pun based on his birth name , David Jones , and his then recent bond offering to the Dow Jones Index . Tao , a Chinese character pronounced `` dao , '' not only stands for the Chinese equivalent to Bowie 's first initial , `` D '' , but also has heavy religious implications through its correlation to Taoism , therefore contributing to the religious overtones of `` Pallas Athena . '' The Chinese character 道 means `` the way '' ( the path , the route ) .   It was announced in March 2010 that a digital download EP would be made available in June 2010 .

neg: Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951 . Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a `` triumphant success '' as people :  flocked to the South Bank site , to wander around the Dome of Discovery , gaze at the Skylon , and generally enjoy a festival of national celebration . Up and down the land , lesser festivals enlisted much civic and voluntary enthusiasm . A people curbed by years of total war and half-crushed by austerity and gloom , showed that it had not lost the capacity for enjoying itself ... Above all , the Festival made a spectacular setting as a showpiece for the inventiveness and genius of British scientists and technologists .   Labour cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover ; in 1947 he started with the original plan to celebrate the centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . However it was not to be another World Fair , for international themes were absent , as was the British Commonwealth . Instead the 1951 festival focused entirely on Britain and its achievements ; it was funded chiefly by the government , with a budget of # 12 million . The Labour government was losing support and so the implicit goal of the festival was to give the people a feeling of successful recovery from the war 's devastation , as well as promoting British science , technology , industrial design , architecture and the arts .   The Festival 's centrepiece was in London on the South Bank of the Thames . There were events in Poplar ( Architecture ) , Battersea ( The Festival Pleasure Gardens ) , South Kensington ( Science ) and Glasgow ( Industrial Power ) . Festival celebrations took place in Cardiff , Stratford-upon-Avon , Bath , Perth , Bournemouth , York , Aldeburgh , Inverness , Cheltenham , Oxford , Norwich , Canterbury and elsewhere and there were touring exhibitions by land and sea .   The Festival became a `` beacon for change '' that proved immensely popular with thousands of elite visitors and millions of popular ones . It helped reshape British arts , crafts , designs and sports for a generation . Journalist Harry Hopkins highlights the widespread impact of the `` Festival style '' . They called it `` Contemporary '' . It was :  clean , bright and new ... . It caught hold quickly and spread first across London and then across England ... In an island hitherto largely given up to gravy browns and dull greens , `` Contemporary '' boldly espoused strong primary colors .

neg: Red Dog Saloon (Virginia City, Nevada) The Red Dog Saloon is a bar and live music venue located in the isolated , old-time mining town of Virginia City , Nevada which played an important role in the history of the psychedelic music scene . In April 1963 , Chandler A. Laughlin III established a kind of tribal , family identity among approximately fifty people who attended a traditional , all-night Native American peyote ceremony in a rural setting . This ceremony combined a psychedelic experience with traditional Native American spiritual values ; these people went on to sponsor a unique genre of musical expression and performance at the Red Dog Saloon .   During the summer of 1965 , Laughlin ( better known today as Travus T. Hipp , radio music pioneer and news commentator , ) recruited much of the original talent that led to a unique amalgam of traditional folk music and the developing psychedelic rock scene . He and his cohorts created what became known as `` The Red Dog Experience , '' featuring previously unknown musical acts -- Big Brother and the Holding Company , The Charlatans , The Wildflower and others -- who played in the completely refurbished , intimate setting of Virginia City 's Red Dog Saloon . There was no clear delineation between `` performers '' and `` audience '' in `` The Red Dog Experience , '' during which music , psychedelic experimentation , a unique sense of personal style and Bill Ham 's first primitive light shows combined to create a new sense of community . Laughlin and George Hunter of the Charlatans were true `` proto-hippies , '' with their long hair , boots and outrageous clothing of distinctly American ( and Native American ) heritage .   The poster for the first six week stint of performances from The Charlatans beginning in June 1965 is the first one of the rarest psychedelic posters . It is known as `` The Seed '' .   LSD manufacturer Owsley Stanley lived in Berkeley during 1965 and provided much of the LSD that became a seminal part of the `` Red Dog Experience , '' the early evolution of psychedelic rock and budding hippie culture . At the Red Dog Saloon , The Charlatans were the first psychedelic rock band to play live ( albeit unintentionally ) loaded on LSD .

neg: Emily Eavis Emily Eavis ( born 1979 ) is co-organiser of the annual Glastonbury Festival . She is the youngest daughter of the festival 's founder and organiser Michael Eavis and his second wife Jean .   Eavis grew up on Worthy Farm , Somerset , the site of Glastonbury Festival . Throughout her childhood , she was driven by politics and supported CND . In 1985 , at the age of 5 , she performed Twinkle , Twinkle , Little Star on the Festival 's famous Pyramid Stage immediately before The Style Council headlined .   Afer leaving Wells Cathedral school in 1997 , she began a teaching degree at Goldsmiths University , London . When her mother became ill with cancer , Eavis deferred her course and returned to Worthy Farm to care for her . Following Jean 's death in 1999 , Eavis began assisting her father in running the festival and soon became co-organiser of the event . She is now responsible for overseeing the line-up of the festival .   In 2007 , Eavis created The Park area with her partner , the music manager Nick Dewey . Eavis married Dewey in August 2009 and they now have three children , George ( born 2011 ) , Noah ( born 2013 ) and Nelly ( born 2016 ) .   The couple are responsible for booking all of Glastonbury 's main stages , with Dewey now the festival 's Head of Music Programming . Together , they booked the festival 's first hip hop headliner in 2008 , Jay Z , which created a media storm but was hailed a success . Other headliners Eavis and Dewey have booked include The Rolling Stones , Adele , Bruce Springsteen , Beyonce , Stevie Wonder , Dolly Parton , Kanye West , Neil Young , Lionel Richie , Blur , Paul Simon , Arctic Monkeys , Metallica , Florence & The Machine , ELO , Radiohead , Foo Fighters and Ed Sheeran .   Eavis has also championed African artists on the Pyramid Stage including Amadou & Mariam , Rokia Traore , Tinariwen , Femi Kuti , The Master Musicians of Joujouka , Bassekou Kouyate , Songhoy Blues , Baaba Maal and The Syrian National Orchestra .   Eavis works with charities throughout the year , planning campaigns for Glastonbury . She has organised several fundraising concerts for Oxfam , including a Make Trade Fair concert at London 's Astoria in October 2002 with Coldplay , Noel Gallagher and Ms Dynamite and a show at the Hammersmith Apollo in September 2004 headlined by REM . Eavis also organised a concert opposing the Iraq war at the Shepherd 's Bush Empire in 2003 , featuring Coldplay , Paul Weller , Faithless and Ronan Keating .   Eavis is an outspoken champion for female equality in music and equal representation across stages at Glastonbury .   She is a campaigner in support of making birth safe for all mothers with The White Ribbon Alliance .

neg: The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion .   The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 .   The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .

neg: Concerts at Knebworth House The Knebworth Festival is a recurring open air rock and pop concert held on the grounds of the Knebworth House in Knebworth , England . The festival first occurred in 1974 when The Allman Brothers Band , The Doobie Brothers and other artists attracted 60,000 people .   Since then the venue has hosted numerous outdoor concerts , featuring artists including Pink Floyd , Lynyrd Skynyrd , The Rolling Stones , Genesis , Frank Zappa , Led Zeppelin , The Beach Boys , Deep Purple , Queen , Status Quo , Paul McCartney , Eric Clapton , Elton John , Robert Plant , Dire Straits , Oasis , Robbie Williams , Europe and the Red Hot Chili Peppers .


query: Michael Keaton was born in 1953.

pos: Michael Keaton Michael John Douglas ( born September 5 , 1951 ) , known professionally as Michael Keaton , is an American actor , producer and director . He first rose to fame for his comedic film roles in Night Shift ( 1982 ) , Mr. Mom ( 1983 ) , Johnny Dangerously ( 1984 ) and Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , and he earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of the title character in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) and Batman Returns ( 1992 ) .   Since then , he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films ; such as Clean and Sober ( 1988 ) , The Dream Team ( 1989 ) , Pacific Heights ( 1990 ) , Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) , My Life ( 1993 ) , The Paper ( 1994 ) , Multiplicity ( 1996 ) , Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , Herbie : Fully Loaded ( 2005 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) , Need for Speed ( 2014 ) , RoboCop ( 2014 ) , Spotlight ( 2015 ) and The Founder ( 2016 ) , and he has also provided voices for characters in animated films such as Cars ( 2006 ) , Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) and Minions ( 2015 ) . In 2017 , Keaton will play the role of Marvel Comics supervillain the Vulture in Spider-Man : Homecoming .   Keaton 's lead performance in Birdman or ( The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance ) ( 2014 ) earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy , the Critics ' Choice Award for Best Actor and Best Actor in a Comedy , and nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award , British Academy Film Award , and Academy Award for Best Actor . He previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad ( 2002 ) and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company ( 2007 ) . Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from both the Hollywood Film Festival and Zurich Film Festivals .   On January 18 , 2016 , he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France . He is also a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University . </span>

neg: Michael Simkins Michael Simkins ( born 4 February 1957 ) is an English actor .

neg: Smother (film) Smother is a 2008 comedy film starring Diane Keaton as a mother who is over-attached to her adult son . The movie is directed and co-written by Vince Di Meglio . The movie aired on Lifetime in 2009 .

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures .   There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' .   Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .

neg: Jon Avnet Jonathan Michael Avnet ( born November 17 , 1949 ) , better known as Jon Avnet , is an American director , writer and producer .

neg: Private Eyes (1953 film) Private Eyes is a 1953 comedy film starring The Bowery Boys . The film was released on December 6 , 1953 by Allied Artists and is the thirty-second film in the series .

neg: 1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) .   The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade .   As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements .   The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .

neg: There Was a Young Lady There Was a Young Lady is a 1953 British comedy film directed by Lawrence Huntington and starring Michael Denison , Dulcie Gray and Sydney Tafler . It was made at Nettlefold Studios . Huntington had been a prominent director in the 1940s but after this film he dropped into making second features .

neg: Michael McDonald (musician) Michael McDonald ( born February 12 , 1952 ) is an American singer , songwriter , keyboardist and record producer .   McDonald 's music career spans more than forty years . His early career included singing with Steely Dan . He joined The Doobie Brothers in 1976 and remained an integral member until 1982 , after which he released the first of eight solo albums . During his career , he has collaborated with a number of other artists , including Kenny Loggins , David Cassidy , Van Halen , Patti LaBelle , The Winans , Aretha Franklin , Toto , Grizzly Bear , and Thundercat . He has also recorded for television and film soundtracks . During his career , McDonald has won five Grammy Awards .

neg: 1950s The 1950s ( pronounced nineteen-fifties ; commonly abbreviated as the 50s or Fifties ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1950 , and ended on December 31 , 1959 .   By its end , the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s .   Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade , especially in the Northern Hemisphere . The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 . Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons ( such as RDS-37 and Upshot -- Knothole ) , this created a politically conservative climate . In the United States , the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade . The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade .

neg: Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed .   It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . '   The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger .   The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com .   The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''

neg: The Last Time I Saw Paris For the 1942 book , see Elliot Paul .   The Last Time I Saw Paris is a 1954 romantic drama made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It is loosely based on F. Scott Fitzgerald 's short story `` Babylon Revisited . '' It was directed by Richard Brooks , produced by Jack Cummings and filmed on locations in Paris and the MGM backlot . The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein , Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks .   The film starred Elizabeth Taylor and Van Johnson in his last role for MGM , with Walter Pidgeon , Donna Reed , Eva Gabor , Kurt Kasznar , George Dolenz , Sandy Descher , Odette , and ( a then-unknown ) Roger Moore in his Hollywood debut . The film 's title song , by composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II , was already a classic when the movie was made and inspired the movie 's title . Though the song had already won an Oscar after its film debut in 1941 's Lady Be Good , it is featured much more prominently in The Last Time I Saw Paris . It can be heard in many scenes , either being sung by Odette or being played as an instrumental .   The film was released in 1954 ; however , there was an error with the Roman numerals in the copyright notice showing `` MCMXLIV '' ( 1944 ) , meaning the term of copyright started 10 years before the film was released . Thus , the normal 28-year copyright term ended just 18 years after the film was released , and MGM neglected to renew it presumably because they believed there was still 10 years left in the term . The film entered the public domain in the United States in 1972 .

neg: Hal Ketchum Hal Michael Ketchum ( born April 9 , 1953 ) is an American country music artist . He has released 11 studio albums since 1986 , including nine for the Curb and Asylum-Curb labels . Ketchum 's 1991 album Past the Point of Rescue is his most commercially successful , having been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America . Between 1991 and 2006 Ketchum had 17 entries on the Hot Country Songs charts . Three of his singles -- `` Small Town Saturday Night , '' `` Past the Point of Rescue '' and `` Hearts Are Gon na Roll '' -- all reached number 2 on this chart , and three more charted within the Top Ten : `` Sure Love '' at number 3 , and `` Mama Knows the Highway '' and `` Stay Forever , '' both at number 8 .

neg: 53rd Berlin International Film Festival The 54th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from February 6 -- 16 , 2003 . The festival opened with musical film Chicago by Rob Marshall and closed with Martin Scorsese 's Gangs of New York , both films played out of competition at the festival . The Golden Bear was awarded to British film In This World directed by Michael Winterbottom .   The retrospective dedicated to German film director F. W. Murnau was shown at the festival .

neg: Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies .   Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal .   The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film :   If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction  He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes  Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images   In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .

neg: 1953 New York Film Critics Circle Awards 19th New York Film Critics Circle Awards  January 23 , 1954 ( announced December 28 , 1953 )   From Here to Eternity  The 19th New York Film Critics Circle Awards , honored the best filmmaking of 1953 .

neg: Rookery Nook (1953 TV drama) Rookery Nook was a 1953 British live television production of the comedy play by Ben Travers broadcast on 23 May 1953 . Featuring in this version were Peter Cushing , David Stoll and Lally Bowers .   It was based on Travers ' play Rookery Nook , one of the Aldwych Farces , and is believed not to have telerecorded as it was transmitted and is therefore lost .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: The Goat (1921 film) The Goat is a 1921 American short comedy film written , directed by , and starring comedian Buster Keaton .

neg: KE family The KE family is a medical name designated for a British family , about half of whom exhibit a severe speech disorder called developmental verbal dyspraxia . It is the first family with speech disorder to be investigated using genetic analyses , by which the speech impediment is discovered to be due to genetic mutation , and from which the gene FOXP2 , often dubbed the `` language gene '' , was discovered . Their condition is also the first human speech and language disorder known to exhibit strict Mendelian inheritance .   Brought to medical attention from their school children in the late 1980s , the case of KE family was taken up at the UCL Institute of Child Health in London in 1990 . Initial report indicated genetic disorder . But a Canadian linguist Myrna Gopnik suspected that the genetic disorder was mainly on grammatical deficiency , which led to a controversial notion of `` grammar gene '' . Geneticists at the University of Oxford however discovered that the condition was purely genetic with complex physical and physiological effects , and in 1998 , identified the actual gene , eventually named FOXP2 . This discovery directly led to a broader knowledge on human evolution as the gene is directly implicated with the origin of language .   Two family members , a boy and a girl , were featured in the National Geographic documentary film Human Ape .


query: Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian science fiction body of water.

pos: Fahrenheit 451 (film) Fahrenheit 451 is a 1966 British Dystopian science fiction drama film directed by François Truffaut and starring Oskar Werner , Julie Christie , and Cyril Cusack . Based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Ray Bradbury , the film takes place in a controlled society in an oppressive future in which a fireman , whose duty it is to burn all literature , becomes a fugitive for reading . This was Truffaut 's first colour film as well as his only English-language film . At the 1966 Venice Film Festival , Fahrenheit 451 was nominated for the Golden Lion .

neg: Water mass An oceanographic water mass is identifiable body of water with a common formation history which has physical properties distinct from surrounding water . Properties include temperature , salinity , chemical - isotopic ratios , and other physical quantities .   Water masses are generally distinguished not only by their respective tracers ( see above ) but also by their location in the Worlds ' oceans . Water masses are also distinguished by their vertical position , so that there are surface water masses , intermediate water masses and deep water masses . Common water masses in the world ocean are : Antarctic Bottom Water ( AABW ) , North Atlantic Deep Water ( NADW ) , Circumpolar Deep Water ( CDW ) , Antarctic Intermediate Water ( AAIW ) , Subantarctic Mode Water ( SAMW ) , Arctic Intermediate Water ( AIW ) , the central waters of various oceanic basins , and various ocean surface waters .

neg: Body of water A body of water or waterbody ( often spelled water body ) is any significant accumulation of water , generally on a planet 's surface . The term most often refers to oceans , seas , and lakes , but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds , wetlands , or more rarely , puddles . A body of water does not have to be still or contained ; Rivers , streams , canals , and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water .   Most are naturally occurring geographical features , but some are artificial . There are types that can be either . For example , most reservoirs are created by engineering dams , but some natural lakes are used as reservoirs . Similarly , most harbors are naturally occurring bays , but some harbors have been created through construction .   Bodies of water that are navigable are known as waterways . Some bodies of water collect and move water , such as rivers and streams , and others primarily hold water , such as lakes and oceans .   The term body of water can also refer to a reservoir of water held by a plant , technically known as a phytotelma .   Bodies of water are effected by gravity which is what creates the tidal effects on Earth .

neg: Many Waters Many Waters is a 1986 novel by Madeleine L'Engle , part of the author 's Time Quartet ( also known as the Time Quintet ) . The title is taken from the Song of Solomon 8:7 : `` Many waters can not quench love , neither can the floods drown it . If a man were to give all his wealth for love , it would be utterly scorned . ''   The principal characters of the story are Sandy and Dennys Murry , twin brothers who are , ironically , somewhat out of place ( they are `` normal '' ) in the context of the multifarious and eccentric Murry family from A Wrinkle in Time . The action of the story follows that of A Wind in the Door but precedes the climactic , apocalyptic event in A Swiftly Tilting Planet .

neg: Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened  `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . '   `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay .   Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) .   Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' ''  ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) .   Implications   Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied .   Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) .   Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) .   Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) .   Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World .   Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 .   Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham ,  NC : Duke University Press .   Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 .   Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis .   Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .

neg: Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction .   More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .

neg: Antarctic ice sheet The Antarctic ice sheet is one of the two polar ice caps of the Earth . It covers about 98 % of the Antarctic continent and is the largest single mass of ice on Earth . It covers an area of almost 14 e6km2 and contains 26.5 e6km3 of ice . Approximately 61 percent of all fresh water on the Earth is held in the Antarctic ice sheet , an amount equivalent to about 58 m of sea-level rise . In East Antarctica , the ice sheet rests on a major land mass , but in West Antarctica the bed can extend to more than 2,500 m below sea level . Much of the land in this area would be seabed if the ice sheet were not there .   In contrast to the melting of the Arctic sea ice , sea ice around Antarctica was expanding . The reasons for this are not fully understood , but suggestions include the climatic effects on ocean and atmospheric circulation of the ozone hole , and/or cooler ocean surface temperatures as the warming deep waters melt the ice shelves .

neg: Benthos Benthos is the community of organisms that live on , in , or near the seabed , also known as the benthic zone . This community lives in or near marine sedimentary environments , from tidal pools along the foreshore , out to the continental shelf , and then down to the abyssal depths .   Many organisms adapted to deep-water pressure can not survive in the upper parts of the water column . The pressure difference can be very significant ( approximately one atmosphere for each 10 metres of water depth ) .   Because light is absorbed before it can reach deep ocean-water , the energy source for deep benthic ecosystems is often organic matter from higher up in the water column that drifts down to the depths . This dead and decaying matter sustains the benthic food chain ; most organisms in the benthic zone are scavengers or detritivores .   The term benthos , coined by Haeckel in 1891 , comes from the Greek noun βένθος `` depth of the sea '' . Benthos is also used in freshwater biology to refer to organisms at the bottom of freshwater bodies of water , such as lakes , rivers , and streams . There is also a redundant synonym , benthon .

neg: Pelagic zone Any water in a sea or lake that is neither close to the bottom nor near the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone . The word `` pelagic '' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of in terms of an imaginary cylinder or water column that goes from the surface of the sea almost to the bottom . Conditions differ deeper in the water column such that as pressure increases with depth , the temperature drops and less light penetrates . Depending on the depth , the water column , rather like the Earth 's atmosphere , may be divided into different layers .   The pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km3 ( 320 million mi3 ) with a mean depth of 3.68 km and maximum depth of 11 km . Fish that live in the pelagic zone are called pelagic fish . Pelagic life decreases with increasing depth . It is affected by light intensity , pressure , temperature , salinity , the supply of dissolved oxygen and nutrients , and the submarine topography , which is called bathymetry . In deep water , the pelagic zone is sometimes called the open-ocean zone and can be contrasted with water that is near the coast or on the continental shelf . In other contexts , coastal water not near the bottom is still said to be in the pelagic zone .   The pelagic zone can be contrasted with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea . The benthic zone is the ecological region at the very bottom of the sea . It includes the sediment surface and some subsurface layers . Marine organisms living in this zone , such as clams and crabs , are called benthos . The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone . It can be significantly affected by the seabed and the life that lives there . Fish that live in the demersal zone are called demersal fish , and can be divided into benthic fish , which are denser than water so they can rest on the bottom , and benthopelagic fish , which swim in the water column just above the bottom . Demersal fish are also known as bottom feeders and groundfish .

neg: Climate change denial Climate change denial , or global warming denial , is part of the global warming controversy . It involves denial , dismissal , unwarranted doubt or contrarian views which strongly depart from the scientific opinion on climate change , including the extent to which it is caused by humans , its impacts on nature and human society , or the potential of adaptation to global warming by human actions . Some deniers do endorse the term , but others often prefer the term climate change skepticism , although this is a misnomer for those who deny anthropogenic global warming . In effect , the two terms form a continuous , overlapping range of views , and generally have the same characteristics : both reject , to a greater or lesser extent , mainstream scientific opinion on climate change . Climate change denial can also be implicit , when individuals or social groups accept the science but fail to come to terms with it or to translate their acceptance into action . Several social science studies have analyzed these positions as forms of denialism .   Campaigning to undermine public trust in climate science has been described as a `` denial machine '' of industrial , political and ideological interests , supported by conservative media and skeptical bloggers in manufacturing uncertainty about global warming . In the public debate , phrases such as climate skepticism have frequently been used with the same meaning as climate denialism . The labels are contested : those actively challenging climate science commonly describe themselves as `` skeptics '' , but many do not comply with common standards of scientific skepticism and , regardless of evidence , persistently deny the validity of human caused global warming .   Although scientific opinion on climate change is that human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change , the politics of global warming have been affected by climate change denial , hindering efforts to prevent climate change and adapt to the warming climate . Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy where there is none .   Of the world 's countries , the climate change denial industry is most powerful in the United States . Since January 2015 , the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works has been chaired by oil lobbyist and climate change denier Jim Inhofe . Inhofe is notorious for having called climate change `` the greatest hoax ever perpetrated against the American people '' and for having claimed to have debunked the alleged hoax in February 2015 when he brought a snowball with him in the Senate chamber and tossed it across the floor . Organised campaigning to undermine public trust in climate science is associated with conservative economic policies and backed by industrial interests opposed to the regulation of emissions . Climate change denial has been associated with the fossil fuels lobby , the Koch brothers , industry advocates and libertarian think tanks , often in the United States . More than 90 % of papers sceptical on climate change originate from right-wing think tanks .  The total annual income of these climate change counter-movement-organizations is roughly $ 900 million . Between 2002 and 2010 , nearly $ 120 million ( # 77 million ) was anonymously donated via the Donors Trust and Donors Capital Fund to more than 100 organisations seeking to undermine the public perception of the science on climate change . In 2013 the Center for Media and Democracy reported that the State Policy Network ( SPN ) , an umbrella group of 64 U.S. think tanks , had been lobbying on behalf of major corporations and conservative donors to oppose climate change regulation .   Since the late 1970s , oil companies have published research broadly in line with the standard views on global warming . Despite this , oil companies organized a climate change denial campaign to disseminate public disinformation for several decades , a strategy that has been compared to the organized denial of the hazards of tobacco smoking by tobacco companies .

neg: Shore A shore or a shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water , such as an ocean , sea , or lake . In physical oceanography , a shore is the wider fringe that is geologically modified by the action of the body of water past and present , while the beach is at the edge of the shore , representing the intertidal zone where there is one . In contrast to a coast , a shore can border any body of water , while the coast must border an ocean ; in that sense a coast is a type of shore ; however , coast often refers to an area far wider than the shore , often streaching miles into the interior .   Shores are influenced by the topography of the surrounding landscape , as well as by water induced erosion , such as waves . The geological composition of rock and soil dictates the type of shore which is created .

neg: Alternate Realities (Cherryh) Alternate Realities is a 2000 omnibus collection of three short science fiction novels by American writer author C. J. Cherryh : Wave Without a Shore ( 1981 ) , Port Eternity ( 1982 ) , and Voyager in Night ( 1984 ) . All three novels are set in Cherryh 's Alliance-Union universe and share a common theme of people encountering and coping with a reality different from their own .   The original books as well as the omnibus edition were all published by DAW Books . The novels are what Cherryh and her publisher at DAW , Donald A. Wollheim , referred to as `` magic cookie '' books . Such works explore unusual themes and ideas in science fiction , and can in some sense be seen as thought experiments . Wollheim encouraged Cherryh to experiment in this way during the late 1970s and early 1980s because he felt that the science fiction market would support such unusual offerings at the time .   One consequence of this approach is that the original novels were therefore short by contemporary standards , each having only approximately 90,000 words . The relative brevity of the books facilitated DAW 's release of the omnibus edition in 2000 .

neg: Cyberpunk derivatives A number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction . These derivatives , though they do not share cyberpunk 's computers-focused setting , may display other qualities drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk : a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level ( this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology , akin to retro-futurism ) , a gritty transreal urban style , or a particular approach to social themes .   The most successful of these subgenres , Steampunk , has been defined as a `` kind of technological fantasy '' , and others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy . Scholars have written of these subgenres ' stylistic place in postmodern literature , and also their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism .   American author Bruce Bethke coined the term `` cyberpunk '' in his 1980 short story of the same name , proposing it as a label for a new generation of punk teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age . The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , John Shirley , Rudy Rucker , Michael Swanwick , Pat Cadigan , Lewis Shiner , Richard Kadrey , and others . Science fiction author Lawrence Person , in defining postcyberpunk , summarized the characteristics of cyberpunk thus :  Classic cyberpunk characters were marginalized , alienated loners who lived on the edge of society in generally dystopic futures where daily life was impacted by rapid technological change , an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized information , and invasive modification of the human body .   The relevance of cyberpunk as a genre to punk subculture is debatable and further hampered by the lack of a defined cyberpunk subculture ; where the small cyber movement shares themes with cyberpunk fiction and draws inspiration from punk and goth alike , cyberculture is much more popular though much less defined , encompassing virtual communities and cyberspace in general and typically embracing optimistic anticipations about the future . Cyberpunk is nonetheless regarded as a successful genre , as it ensnared many new readers and provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring . Furthermore , author David Brin argues , cyberpunk made science fiction more attractive and profitable for mainstream media and the visual arts in general .

neg: Faserland Faserland ( `` land of fibers '' ) is the debut novel by Christian Kracht , published in 1995 . It is considered to have triggered the new wave of German pop literature . It is the swan song of the generation of the 80 's , whose characteristics are so carefully described in the book that it has been called the `` cult novel of a generation '' . Critics often compare the book to those of the American author Bret Easton Ellis .   Faserland has been translated into Russian , Czech , Latvian , Japanese , Lithuanian , Korean , Romanian , Swedish and Hebrew .

neg: Impacts of ocean acidification on the Great Barrier Reef Ocean acidification threatens the Great Barrier Reef by reducing the viability and strength of coral reefs . The Great Barrier Reef , considered one of the seven natural wonders of the world and a biodiversity hotspot , is located in Australia . Similar to other coral reefs , it is experiencing degradation due to ocean acidification . Ocean acidification results from a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide , which is taken up by the ocean . This process can increase sea surface temperature , decrease aragonite , and lower the pH of the ocean .   Calcifying organisms are under risk , due to the resulting lack of aragonite in the water and the decreasing pH. This decreased health of coral reefs , particularly the Great Barrier Reef , can result in reduced biodiversity . Organisms can become stressed due to ocean acidification and the disappearance of healthy coral reefs , such as the Great Barrier Reef , is a loss of habitat for several taxa .

neg: Swell (ocean) A swell , in the context of an ocean , sea or lake , is a series of mechanical waves that propagate along the interface between water and air and so they are often referred to as surface gravity waves . These series of surface gravity waves are not generated by the immediate local wind , instead by distant weather systems , where wind blows for a duration of time over a fetch of water . This is the primary definition of a swell as opposed to a locally generated wind wave , which is still under the influence of the mechanisms that created it e.g. wind blowing over a puddle . More generally , a swell consists of wind-generated waves that are not -- or are hardly -- affected by the local wind at that time . Swell waves often have a long wavelength but this varies due to the size , strength and duration of the weather system responsible for the swell and the size of the water body e.g. wavelengths are rarely more than 150 m in the Mediterranean . Swell wavelength , also , varies from event to event . Occasionally , swells which are longer than 700 m occur as a result of the most severe storms . Swells have a narrower range of frequencies and directions than locally generated wind waves , because swell waves have dispersed from their generation area , have dissipated and therefore lost an amount of randomness , taking on a more defined shape and direction . Swell direction is the direction from which the swell is coming . It is measured in degrees ( as on a compass ) , and often referred to in general directions , such as a NNW or SW swell .

neg: The Deep Range The Deep Range is a 1957 Arthur C. Clarke science fiction novel concerning a future sub-mariner who works in the field of aquaculture , farming the seas . The story includes the capture of a sea monster similar to a kraken .   It is based on a short story of the same name that was published in April 1954 , in Argosy magazine . The short story was later featured in Tales from Planet Earth and Frederik Pohl 's Star Science Fiction No. 3 .   A lengthy portion of this novel takes place on an extrapolated Heron Island , Australia .   The novel contains references to Herman Melville 's novel Moby-Dick .   Towards the end of the novel , the main character visits the ancient Sri Lankan city of Anuradhapura .

neg: Sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature ( SST ) is the water temperature close to the ocean 's surface . The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used , but it is between 1 mm and 20 m below the sea surface . Air masses in the Earth 's atmosphere are highly modified by sea surface temperatures within a short distance of the shore . Localized areas of heavy snow can form in bands downwind of warm water bodies within an otherwise cold air mass . Warm sea surface temperatures are known to be a cause of tropical cyclogenesis over the Earth 's oceans . Tropical cyclones can also cause a cool wake , due to turbulent mixing of the upper 30 m of the ocean . SST changes diurnally , like the air above it , but to a lesser degree . There is less SST variation on breezy days than on calm days . In addition , ocean currents such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ( AMO ) , can effect SST 's on multi-decadal time scales , a major impact results from the global thermohaline circulation , which affects average SST significantly throughout most of the world 's oceans .   Coastal SSTs can cause offshore winds to generate upwelling , which can significantly cool or warm nearby landmasses , but shallower waters over a continental shelf are often warmer . Onshore winds can cause a considerable warm-up even in areas where upwelling is fairly constant , such as the northwest coast of South America . Its values are important within numerical weather prediction as the SST influences the atmosphere above , such as in the formation of sea breezes and sea fog . It is also used to calibrate measurements from weather satellites .

neg: Thousand Islands (disambiguation) Thousand Islands constitute an archipelago that straddles the Canada-U.S. border in the Saint Lawrence River .   Thousand Islands may also refer to :  Thousand Island dressing , a salad dressing  Thousand Islands ( Indonesia ) , a chain of islands in Jakarta , Indonesia  Thousand Islands , Cocoa Beach , a group of islands in Cocoa Beach , Florida , United States  Thousand Islands ( Svalbard ) , a group of islands south of Edge Island , part of the Svalbard archipelago .  Rivière des Mille Îles , a channel in Quebec , Canada  Qiandao Lake , ( Thousand Islands Lake ) , in Zhejiang , China  Thousand Island Lake , lake in Madera County , California , United States  Kuril Islands , in Russia 's Sakhalin Oblast region

neg: The Lost Worlds of 2001 The Lost Worlds of 2001 is a 1972 book by Arthur C. Clarke , published by Signet as an accompaniment to the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey .   The book itself consists in part of behind-the-scenes notes from Clarke concerning scriptwriting ( and rewriting ) , as well as production issues . The core of the book , however , is contained in excerpts from the proto-novel and an early screenplay that did not make it into the final version .   Alternative settings for launch preparation , the EVA scene where astronaut Frank Poole is lost , and varying dialogues concerning the HAL 9000 unit are all featured in the book . Also included is the original short story `` The Sentinel '' upon which 2001 is loosely based .

neg: Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever .   As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States .   As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . ''   Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre .  Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) .   Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .