query: Beverly Hills, 90210 was a non-political or social commentary show.

pos: Beverly Hills, 90210 Beverly Hills , 90210 is an American drama television series that ran for ten seasons -- originally airing from October 4 , 1990 , to May 17 , 2000 , on Fox , and was produced by Spelling Television in the United States -- and subsequently on numerous networks around the world . It is the first of five television series in the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The show follows the lives of a group of friends living in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California as they make their way through high school to college and into the adult world .   The show was created by Darren Star and executive producers Charles Rosin ( originally ) followed in later seasons by Aaron Spelling , E. Duke Vincent , Paul Waigner , Steve Wasserman , and Jessica Klein . The `` 90210 '' in the title refers to one of the city 's five ZIP codes .   The initial premise of the show was based on the adjustment and culture shock that twins Brandon ( Jason Priestley ) and Brenda Walsh ( Shannen Doherty ) experienced when they and their parents , Jim ( James Eckhouse ) and Cindy ( Carol Potter ) moved from Minneapolis , Minnesota to Beverly Hills . In addition to chronicling the friendships and romantic relationships of the characters , the show also addressed numerous topical issues such as date rape , gay rights , animal rights , alcoholism , drug abuse , domestic violence , sex , antisemitism , racism , teenage suicide , teenage pregnancy , and AIDS . Beverly Hills , 90210 was named one of the Best School Shows of All Time by AOL TV .   After a poor start in the ratings during its first season , the series gained popularity during the summer of 1991 , when Fox aired a special `` summer season '' of the show while most other series were in reruns . The series became one of Fox 's top shows when it began its next season that fall . Viewership increased dramatically and the cast members , particularly Jason Priestley and Luke Perry , became teen idols , while the series would make actresses Shannen Doherty , Jennie Garth and Tori Spelling household names in the US . The show also had many cast changes , with Garth , Spelling , Ian Ziering and Brian Austin Green being the only actors to appear during its entire run .

neg: Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines .   The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .

neg: L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 .   Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff .   In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles .   The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .

neg: Nothing Sacred (TV series) Nothing Sacred is an American drama series that aired from 1997 to 1998 on ABC . The series was created by a Jesuit priest named Bill Cain and producer David Manson .

neg: Vanderpump Rules After Show Vanderpump Rules After Show is an American television talk show that premiered on November 6 , 2015 on Bravo . The show is a spin-off of the reality series Vanderpump Rules , making it the second spin-off of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills , which both air on the same network .   Vanderpump Rules features Lisa Vanderpump , one of the main cast members of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills , in the title role and her staff members at a restaurant called SUR located in West Hollywood , California which is owned by Vanderpump . Vanderpump Rules After Show features conversations between the cast members of Vanderpump Rules discussing the same week 's events and answering questions about their lives both on and off the show . The talk show is hosted by Julie Goldman and Brandy Howard .   The series , which premiered airing concurrent to season four of Vanderpump Rules , did n't return to air concurrent to season 5 of the series , nor has it aired any further episodes online .

neg: The Jay Leno Show The Jay Leno Show is an American talk show created by and starring Jay Leno . Premiering on NBC on September 14 , 2009 , the program aired on weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT through February 9 , 2010 . The program was modeled upon the format of a late night talk show -- specifically , Jay Leno 's incarnation of The Tonight Show , opening with a comedic monologue , followed by interviews with celebrity guests and other comedy segments . Sketches from The Tonight Show ( including Headlines and Jaywalking ) were carried over to The Jay Leno Show , along with new sketches .   The program was the result of a compromise by NBC Universal 's then-CEO Jeff Zucker to keep Jay Leno with the company following his retirement from The Tonight Show and replacement with Conan O'Brien . The Jay Leno Show was also intended to provide NBC with an alternative to the high-cost scripted dramas aired by competing networks in its time slot ; the network believed that the lower cost of production , in combination with product placement deals , meant that the program did not necessarily have to be highly viewed in order to turn a profit . NBC hoped to attract Leno 's existing fans , as well as a larger primetime audience than that of his late-night program .   The Jay Leno Show was met with mixed reception from critics , who felt that the series had little differentiation from Leno 's Tonight Show . Others were critical of NBC 's decision to give up an hour of its weeknight lineup to Leno , due to the network 's past success with dramas airing in the time slot , while one NBC affiliate notably planned to not air the show at all , although this decision was retracted due to complaints by the network . Although viewership of The Jay Leno Show was initially on par with NBC 's projections , by November , the program 's ratings began to fall significantly . NBC 's affiliates complained that the declining viewership of The Jay Leno Show also had a ripple effect on the viewership of their late local newscasts . In an effort to address the concerns , NBC announced in January 2010 that it would , following the 2010 Winter Olympics , shorten The Jay Leno Show to a half-hour , and move it to 11:35 p.m -- the timeslot that had been occupied by The Tonight Show for nearly 60 years , and bump Tonight to 12:05 a.m.   NBC 's decision resulted in a major public conflict between the network and Conan O'Brien , who asserted that the move would damage the highly respected Tonight Show franchise , and that he would not participate in the program if it were moved to 12:05 . Despite much support for O'Brien from both the public and media professionals alike , NBC maintained its plan to move Leno to 11:35 . On January 21 , 2010 , NBC reached a $ 45 million settlement with O'Brien in order to end his contract . The Jay Leno Show ended on February 9 , 2010 , after being on the air for only four months , with Entertainment Weekly calling the program television 's `` Biggest Bomb of All Time . '' Leno resumed his duties as host of The Tonight Show on March 1 , 2010 , in a final stint that lasted until his February 2014 succession by Jimmy Fallon .

neg: List of programs broadcast by ETC This is a list of programs broadcast by ETC , a commercial broadcast television network owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation through its subsidiary Southern Broadcasting Network . Its local programming includes lifestyle , infotainment , infomercials and reality shows produced by the network itself . The channel also provides drama series , sitcoms , reality , movies and entertainment news programs .   Most of American TV shows are from broadcast networks such as CBS , ABC , Fox , NBC , and The CW , and cable channels such as Bravo , E! , Lifetime , Freeform , VH1 and MTV . Several Australian shows are from Seven Network , and Network Ten .   For the previously aired shows of SBN/ETC , see List of programs previously broadcast by Southern Broadcasting Network .

neg: Beverly Hills, Missouri Beverly Hills is a city in St. Louis County , Missouri , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 574 .

neg: The Real (TV series) The Real is an American syndicated talk show . The series initially received a trial run on Fox owned markets in the summer of 2013 . The series was developed as a talk show designed to appeal to younger female viewers who , like the co-hosts , were experiencing new events in their lives . It was green-lit for national syndication later that fall and officially premiered the following year .

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons .   The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching .   The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: Beverly Hills Film Festival The Beverly Hills Film Festival ( BHFF ) is a film festival in the United States founded in 2001 by independent filmmaker Nino Simone . The festival is an international competition dedicated to showcasing the art and talent of emerging filmmakers and screenplay writers from around the world .   The festival lasts five days and is reportedly attended by more than 20,000 people a year . Venues include the AMPAS , Writers Guild , Chinese Theater and The Clarity Theatre . The festival winds up with the black tie awards ceremony . In 2013 the festival was launched internationally with an event in Tokyo .   The BHFF emphasizes awards to first-time filmmakers . On the final night of the Festival , the jury ( usually made up of film professionals from all over the globe ) presents its awards , including the Golden Palm Award for best picture , at a black-tie gala at the Four Seasons Beverly Wilshire Hotel .

neg: Factual television Factual television is a genre of non-fiction television programming that documents actual events and people . These types of programs are also described as documentary , observational documentary , fly on the wall , docudrama , and reality television . Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television , the term factual television has most commonly been used to describe programs produced since the 1990s .

neg: 9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre .   The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) .   Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .

neg: List of Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles episodes Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles ( previously Million Dollar Listing ) is an American reality television series on Bravo that debuted on August 29 , 2006 . The series chronicles the professional and personal lives of four real estate agents -- Josh Flagg , Josh Altman , James Harris , and David Parnes -- based in Beverly Hills , Hollywood , and Malibu , California as they sell high-end properties . It also gives viewers an inside look at the world of high-priced real estate in Los Angeles County . The series has three spin-offs , Million Dollar Listing New York , which premiered on March 7 , 2012 , Million Dollar Listing Miami , which premiered June 25 , 2014 , and Million Dollar Listing San Francisco , which premiered July 8 , 2015 .

neg: Ally McBeal Ally McBeal is an American legal comedy-drama television series , originally aired on Fox from September 8 , 1997 to May 20 , 2002 . Created by David E. Kelley , the series stars Calista Flockhart in the title role as a young lawyer working in the fictional Boston law firm Cage and Fish , with other young lawyers whose lives and loves were eccentric , humorous and dramatic . The series received critical acclaim in its early seasons , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy in 1997 and 1998 , and also winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1999 .

neg: Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .

neg: The Critic The Critic is an American prime time animated series revolving around the life of New York film critic Jay Sherman , voiced by actor Jon Lovitz . It was created by writing partners Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously worked as writers and showrunners ( seasons 3 and 4 ) on The Simpsons . The Critic had 23 episodes produced , first broadcast on ABC in 1994 , and finishing its original run on Fox in 1995 . According to PopMatters , `` the creators -LSB- said -RSB- they intended the series as their ` love letter to New York . ' ''   Episodes featured movie parodies with notable examples including a musical version of Apocalypse Now , Howard Stern 's End ( Howards End ) , Honey , I Ate the Kids ( Honey , I Shrunk the Kids/The Silence of the Lambs ) , The Cockroach King ( The Lion King ) , Abe Lincoln : Pet Detective ( Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ) , Scent of a Jackass and Scent of a Wolfman ( Scent of a Woman ) . The show often referenced popular movies such as Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory and The Godfather , and routinely lampooned actor Marlon Brando and actor/director Orson Welles . They also spoofed Dudley Moore , usually as his character Arthur Bach from the 1981 film Arthur .   Despite the ratings improving , The Critic was cancelled after two seasons . It continued to air through reruns on Comedy Central and then on Locomotion . From February 1 , 2000 to 2001 , ten webisodes were later produced using Adobe Shockwave , and were broadcast on AtomFilms.com and Shockwave.com . In 2004 , the DVD box set was released , which includes all 23 TV episodes ( in their original production order ) and the webisodes .   In the late 2000s , reruns of the show aired again on ReelzChannel in the US and on Teletoon 's programming block Teletoon at Night in Canada . As of 2016 , the first season can be viewed for free on Crackle .

neg: Social conservatism in the United States Social conservatism in the United States is a political ideology focused on the preservation of traditional values and beliefs , hearkening back to values believed to be present at the American founding . It focuses on a concern with moral and social values which proponents of the ideology see as degraded in modern society by social democracy and liberalism . Social conservatism , while defined differently by many scholars , is often conflated with religious conservatism . Religious conservatives push for a focus on Judeo-Christian traditions as a guiding force for the country on social issues , leading them to be considered social conservatives . Social conservatives are concerned with many social issues such as abortion , sex education , gun control , the equal rights amendment , school prayer , same-sex marriage , and many others . They oppose many of the cultural changes brought on by the culture wars and the sexual revolution . Summarily , this branch of conservatism is concerned with moral and social issues within the United States and uses tradition , strict morals , and religion as solutions for these problems .

neg: Television criticism Television criticism is the act of writing or speaking about television programming with a view to evaluating its worth , meaning and other aspects .   Such criticism can be found in daily newspapers , on culture discussion shows ( on TV and radio ) , and in specialist books and periodicals , all of which are in direct competition for audience from television .

neg: Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 .   Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide .   At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .


query: The 2016 Summer Olympics ended on August 21st.

pos: 2016 Summer Olympics The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was a major international multi-sport event held in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 5 August to 21 August 2016 .   More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team , took part . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city , and at five in São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus .   These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city to host the Summer Olympics . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first to be held entirely in the host country 's winter , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere .   The lead-up to these Games was marked by controversies , including the instability of the country 's federal government ; the countries ' problems with inequality ; health and safety concerns surrounding the Zika virus and significant pollution in the Guanabara Bay ; and a doping scandal involving Russia , which affected the participation of its athletes in the Games .   The United States topped the medal table for the fifth time in the past six Summer Olympics , winning the most golds ( 46 ) and most medals overall ( 121 ) , as well as its 1,000 th Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became the first country in the history of the modern Olympics to increase its tally of medals in the subsequent games after being the host nation . China finished third . Host country Brazil won seven gold medals , its most at any single Summer Olympics , finishing in thirteenth place . Bahrain , Fiji , Jordan , Kosovo , Puerto Rico , Singapore , Tajikistan , Ivory Coast and Vietnam each won their first gold medals , as did the group of Independent Olympic Athletes ( from Kuwait ) .

neg: Centennial Olympic Stadium Centennial Olympic Stadium was the 85,000-seat main stadium of the 1996 Summer Olympic Games and the 1996 Summer Paralympic Games in Atlanta . Construction of the stadium began in 1993 , and it was complete and ready for the Opening Ceremony in July 1996 , where it hosted track and field events and the closing ceremony . After the Olympics and Paralympics , it was reconstructed into the baseball-specific Turner Field , used by the Atlanta Braves for 20 seasons ( 1997 -- 2016 ) . After the Braves departed for SunTrust Park , the facility was purchased by Georgia State University , which is reconstructing the stadium a second time as Georgia State Stadium , designed for American football .

neg: Peru at the 2016 Summer Olympics Peru competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 5 to 21 August 2016 . Since the nation 's official debut in 1936 , Peruvian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games throughout the modern era . Peru failed to register any athletes at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki .   Peruvian Olympic Committee ( Comité Olímpico Peruano ) sent the nation 's largest delegation to the Games without any association to the women 's volleyball team for the first time in history . A total of 29 athletes , 17 men and 12 women , were selected to the Peruvian squad across eleven sports . Among the sporting events represented by the nation 's athletes , Peru marked its Olympic debut in artistic gymnastics and women 's freestyle wrestling , as well as its return to equestrian for more than three decades .   Trap shooter and 1984 silver medalist Francisco Boza etched his name into the historic records as the first ever Peruvian to compete in eight Olympic Games . The oldest and the most experienced participant ( aged 52 ) , Boza reprised his role to lead the Peruvian team for the second time as the nation 's flag bearer at the opening ceremony , the first doing so in Athens 2004 . Apart from Boza , seven other athletes were returning Olympians , with only two headed to their third Games , including marathoner Inés Melchor and Laser Radial sailor Paloma Schmidt . 21 Peruvian athletes made their Olympic debut in Rio de Janeiro ; the most notable were middle-distance runner and dual American citizen David Torrence and gymnast Ariana Orrego , the youngest of the roster ( aged 18 ) .   Peru , however , failed to win a single medal in Rio de Janeiro , continuing a drought that began at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , where shooter Juan Giha took the bronze in the mixed skeet . Peru 's most successful outcome at these Games occurred in taekwondo , where Julissa Diez bounced back from her early elimination to finish seventh in the women 's 49 kg , losing the repechage bout to Thailand 's Panipak Wongpattanakit .

neg: 1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics , known officially as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially as the Centennial Olympic Games , was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Atlanta , Georgia , United States , from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 . A record 197 nations , all current IOC member nations , took part in the Games , comprising 10,318 athletes . The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games , which had been held in the same year since 1924 , and place them in alternating even-numbered years , beginning in 1994 . The 1996 Summer Games were the first to be staged in a different year from the Winter Games . Atlanta became the fifth American city to host the Olympic Games and the third to hold a Summer Olympic Games .

neg: Cayman Islands at the 2016 Summer Olympics Cayman Islands competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 5 to 21 August 2016 . This was the nation 's tenth appearance at the Summer Olympics .   Cayman Islands Olympic Committee selected a total of five athletes , three men and two women , for the Games across three different sports ( athletics , sailing , and swimming ) , matching its roster size from London 2012 . Among the sports represented by the athletes , Cayman Islands marked its Olympic return in sailing after a sixteen-year absence .   The Caymanian team featured swimming siblings Geoffrey and Lara Butler , Laser Radial sailor Florence Allan , track sprinter Kemar Hyman , and hurdler Ronald Forbes , who joined Kareem Streete-Thompson as the only athletes to compete in three editions of the Games . The most experienced member of the team , Forbes was chosen by the committee to lead the delegation for the second time as Cayman Islands ' flag bearer in the opening ceremony . Cayman Islands , however , has yet to win its first Olympic medal .

neg: Australia at the 1996 Summer Olympics Australia competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , United States . Australia sent 417 athletes , 250 men and 167 women , to the Atlanta Games .   The Australian Government had to pay royalties for playing Waltzing Matilda ; Carl Fischer Music had copyrighted the song in 1941 as an original composition , although it is not now copyrighted in Australia .   A segment of Australian culture featured in the closing ceremony , as Australia was to host the next edition of the Summer Olympics in Sydney four years later .

neg: Cycling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's road time trial The women 's individual time trial was one of eighteen cycling events of the 2016 Olympic Games . The event started and finished on 10 August at Pontal , a small peninsula and beach area in the Recreio dos Bandeirantes neighborhood , located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . The race start and finish were part of the Barra venues cluster and one of seven temporary venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics .

neg: Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump The men 's high jump competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil was held at the Olympic Stadium between 14 -- 16 August .

neg: List of Olympic venues in equestrian For the Summer Olympics , there are 53 venues that have or will be used for equestrian . From 1912 to 1992 , the events took place in more than one venue . Since the 1992 Summer Olympics , the equestrian events have taken place on a single venue in an effort to reduce costs . During the 1964 to the 1980 Summer Olympics , an equestrian event was the final event before the closing ceremonies of the respective Olympics . The last equestrian event that took place at the main stadium was at the 1988 Summer Olympics though it was not the final event before the closing ceremonies . That honor would fall for the end of the men 's marathon event . Stockholm Olympic Stadium is the only equestrian venue to serve host for more than one Summer Olympics , doing so in 1912 and 1956 .

neg: Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament – Knockout stage The knockout stage of the women 's football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics was played from 12 to 19 August 2016 . The top two teams from each group in the group stage and the two best third-placed teams qualified for the knockout stage .   All times are local , BRT ( UTC − 3 ) .

neg: El Salvador at the 2016 Summer Olympics El Salvador competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 5 to 21 August 2016 . This was the nation 's eleventh appearance at the Summer Olympics , although it first competed in 1968 .   El Salvador Olympic Committee ( Comité Olímpico de El Salvador ) confirmed a team of eight athletes , five men and three women , to compete in six sports at the Games . This was also the youngest delegation in El Salvador 's Summer Olympic history , with more than half under the age of 25 , and many of them were expected to reach their peak in time for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo .   Majority of El Salvador 's athletes made their Olympic debut in Rio de Janeiro , with weightlifter Julio Salamanca being the only sportsman to return for his second appearance from London 2012 . Other notable Salvadoran athletes featured Enrique Arathoon , the nation 's first ever sailor for nearly half a century , and Marcelo Acosta , bronze medalist in long-distance freestyle swimming at the Youth Olympics in Nanjing two years earlier . Air pistol shooter Lilian Castro , the oldest member of the squad ( aged 29 ) , acted as El Salvador 's flag bearer in the opening ceremony .   El Salvador , however , has yet to win its first Olympic medal .

neg: 1964 Summer Paralympics The , originally known as the 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games , were the 2nd Paralympic Games to be held . They were held in Tokyo , Japan , they were the last Summer Paralympics to take place in the same city as the Summer Olympics until the 1988 Summer Paralympics . The term `` Paralympic Games '' was approved by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) first in 1984 , while the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) was formed in 1989 .   In contrast with the 1960 Games , many events had more than three participants , meaning that athletes were no longer guaranteed a medal upon completing their event .   Also originally known as Paralympic Tokyo 1964 .   Tokyo will host the Summer Paralympic Games again in 2020 . .

neg: Chronological summary of the 2008 Summer Olympics This page contains a chronological summary of major events from the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China .

neg: Seychelles at the 2016 Summer Olympics Seychelles competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 5 to 21 August 2016 . This was the nation 's eighth appearance at the Summer Olympics , with the exception of the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul because of its partial support to the North Korean boycott .   The Seychelles Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association ( SOCGA ) sent the nation 's largest delegation to the Games since 1992 . A total of ten athletes , eight men and two women , were selected to the Seychellois squad across six sports ( athletics , boxing , judo , sailing , swimming , and weightlifting ) .   Finn yachtsman Allan Julie etching his name into the history records as the oldest participant ( aged 39 ) of the Seychellois squad and the first ever to compete in five Olympic Games . Apart from Julie , three other athletes were returning Olympians ; all of them headed to their second Games , including high jumper Lissa Labiche , lightweight boxer Andrique Allisop , and half-heavyweight judoka Dominic Dugasse ( men 's 100 kg ) . Six Seychellois athletes made their Olympic debut in Rio de Janeiro , spearheaded by Laser sailor Rodney Govinden , who also acted as the nation 's flag bearer in the opening ceremony . The Seychelles , however , has yet to win its first ever Olympic medal .

neg: List of canoeists at the 2016 Summer Olympics This is a list of all canoeists who competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . Canoeists will compete in 16 canoeing events .

neg: 2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics was held on 21 August 2016 from 20:00 to 22:50 BRT at the Maracanã Stadium , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil .   As per traditional Olympic protocol , the ceremony featured cultural presentations from both the current ( Brazil ) and following ( Japan ) host countries , as well as closing remarks by International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) president Thomas Bach and the leader of the Games ' organizing committee Carlos Arthur Nuzman , the official handover of the Olympic flag from Rio de Janeiro mayor Eduardo Paes to Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike , whose city will host the 2020 Summer Olympics , and the extinguishing of the Olympic flame .

neg: Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Olympics The Netherlands competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , from 5 to 21 August 2016 . Since the nation 's official debut in 1900 , Dutch athletes had competed at every edition of the Summer Olympic Games in the modern era , with the exception of the sparsely attended 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis and 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne , which the Netherlands boycotted because of the Soviet invasion of Hungary .

neg: Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic team all-around The Men 's artistic team all-around competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held on 8 August 2016 at the HSBC Arena .   The medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda , Ivo Ferriani , Luis Alberto Moreno IOC members Japan , Italy and Columbia respectively and Bruno Grandi , President of the FIG , Michel Léglise , Vice President of the FIG and Jani Tanskanen , President of the Athletes ' Commission for the FIG .

neg: Ukraine at the 2016 Summer Olympics Ukraine competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , from 5 to 21 August 2016 . This was the nation 's sixth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics in the post-Soviet era .

neg: Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , was held in August at the new Olympic Golf Course ( Campo Olímpico de Golfe ) , built within the Reserva de Marapendi in the Barra da Tijuca zone .   The 2016 Summer Olympics was the first time for golf to be played at the Olympics since the 1904 Summer Olympics and featured two events , the men 's and women 's individual events .


query: There are more than 40 million articles part of Wikipedia.

pos: Wikipedia Wikipedia ( -LSB- wɪkiˈpiːdiə -RSB- ) is a free online encyclopedia with the aim to allow anyone to edit articles . Wikipedia is the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet and is ranked among the ten most popular websites . Wikipedia is owned by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation .   Wikipedia was launched on January 15 , 2001 , by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger . Sanger coined Wikipedia , a portmanteau of wiki and encyclopedia . There was only the English language version initially , but it quickly developed similar versions in other languages , which differ in content and in editing practices . With articles , the English Wikipedia is the largest of the more than 290 Wikipedia encyclopedias . Overall , Wikipedia consists of more than 40 million articles in more than 250 different languages and , , it had 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors each month .   As of March 2017 , Wikipedia has about forty thousand high-quality articles known as Featured Articles and Good Articles that cover vital topics . In 2005 , Nature published a peer review comparing 42 science articles from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia , and found that Wikipedia 's level of accuracy approached Encyclopædia Britannicas . Criticism of Wikipedia includes claims that it exhibits systemic bias , presents a mixture of `` truths , half truths , and some falsehoods '' , and that , in controversial topics , it is subject to manipulation and spin .

neg: Encyclopedia of China The Encyclopedia of China is the first large-entry modern encyclopedia in the Chinese language . The compilation began in 1978 . Published by the Encyclopedia of China Publishing House , the encyclopedia was issued one volume at a time , beginning in 1980 with a volume on astronomy ; the final volume was completed in 1993 . It comprised 74 volumes , with more than 80,000 entries . Arranged by subject , which numbered 66 ( some subjects occupy more than one volume ) , within each subject , entries were arranged by pinyin as many modern Chinese dictionaries have been . A Uyghur language edition was also published in 2015 .   A CD-ROM version and a subscription-based online version are also available . A second and more concise edition of the work was published in 2009 .  The third online edition is going to be released and published in 2018 . More than 20,000 scholars participate in this online encyclopaedia program which started in 2011 and founded by Chinese government , including some experts from Chinese Academy of Sciences . It also is an effort of Chinese governments to prevent the Chinese netizens from being corrupted by the influences of uncontrolled foreign information sources , such as Wikipedia .

neg: Racial bias on Wikipedia Wikipedia has been criticized for having a systemic racial bias in its coverage , due to an under-representation of people of color within its editor base . The President of Wikimedia D.C. , James Hare , noted that `` a lot of black history is left out '' of Wikipedia , due to articles predominately being written by white editors . Articles that do exist on African topics are , according to some critics , largely edited by editors from Europe and North America and thus reflect their knowledge and consumption of media , which `` tend to perpetuate a negative image '' of Africa . Maira Liriano of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture , has argued that the lack of information regarding black history on Wikipedia `` makes it seem like it 's not important . ''   Different theories have been provided to explain these racial discrepancies . Jay Cassano , writing for Fast Company magazine , argued that Wikipedia 's small proportion of black editors is a result of the small black presence within the tech sector , and a relative lack of reliable access to the Internet . Katherine Maher , chief communications officer for the Wikimedia Foundation , has argued that focuses in Wikipedia 's content are representative of those of society as a whole . She said that Wikipedia could only represent that which was referenced in secondary sources , which historically have been favourable towards white men .   Attempts have been made to rectify racial biases through edit-a-thons , organised events at which Wikipedia editors attempt to improve coverage of certain topics and train new editors . In February 2015 , multiple edit-a-thons were organised to commemorate Black History Month in the United States of America . One such edit-a-thon was organized by the White House to create and improve articles on African Americans in STEM . The Schomburg Center , Howard University , and National Public Radio , also coordinated edit-a-thons to improve coverage of black history . And while Wikipedia supports these edit-a-thons , the organization has always stressed that adequate citation must always be present and neutrality always maintained .

neg: Many-to-many The many-to-many communication paradigm is one of three major Internet computing paradigms , characterized by multiple users contributing and receiving information , with the information elements often interlinked across different websites . Developments such as file sharing , blogs , Wikis , and tagging are media forms that reflect this paradigm ; these contrast with both the one-to-one ( characterized by e-mail , FTP , and Telnet ) and one-to-many ( characterized by websites ) paradigms .   With the evolution to the full `` many-to-many '' computing paradigm , people can input and receive information to and from the Internet ; they will be able to connect and communicate dynamically within a flexibly formed scope ; there will be no artificial boundary between information and communication tools , and the definition of `` many '' will go well beyond people to include entities such as organizations , products , processes , events , and concepts .

neg: Urdu Wikipedia Urdu Wikipedia ( -LSB- ) , started in January 2004 , is the Urdu language edition of Wikipedia , a free , open-content encyclopedia . As of 30 February , 2017 , it had more than 116,100 articles .

neg: Eurotra Eurotra was an ambitious machine translation project established and funded by the European Commission from 1978 until 1992 .   Emboldened by modest success with an older , commercially developed machine translation system SYSTRAN , a large network of European computational linguists embarked upon the Eurotra project with the hope of creating a state-of-the-art MT system for the then seven , later nine , official languages of the European Community .   However , as time passed , expectations became tempered ; `` Fully Automatic High Quality Translation '' was not a reasonably attainable goal . The true character of Eurotra was eventually acknowledged to be in fact pre-competitive research rather than prototype development .   The project was motivated by one of the founding principles of the EU : that all citizens had the right to read any and all proceedings of the Commission in their own language . As more countries joined , this produced a combinatorial explosion in the number of language pairs involved , and the need to translate every paper , speech and even set of meeting minutes produced by the EU into the other eight languages meant that translation rapidly became the overwhelming component in the administrative budget . To solve this problem Eurotra was devised .   The project was unusual in that rather than consisting of a single research team , it had member groups distributed around the member countries , organised along language rather than national lines ( for example , groups in Leuven and Utrecht worked closely together ) , and the secretariat was based at the European Commission in Luxembourg . While this contributed significantly to the culture of the project , it also demonstrated graphically Brooks ' assertion in The Mythical Man-Month that adding personnel to a project results in it taking longer to complete ; the more the number of groups involved , the more time is spent on administration and communication rather than actual research per se .   The actual design of the project was unusual as MT projects go . Older systems , such as SYSTRAN , were heavily dictionary-based , with minor support for rearranging word order . More recent systems have often worked on a probabilistic approach , based on parallel corpora . Eurotra addressed the constituent structure of the text to be translated , going through first a syntactic parse followed by a second parse to produce a dependency structure followed by a final parse with a third grammar to produce what was referred to internally as Intermediate Representation ( IR ) . Since all three modules were implemented as Prolog programs , it would then in principle be possible to put this structure backwards through the corresponding modules for another language to produce a translated text in any of the other languages . However , in practice this was not in fact how language pairs were implemented .   The first `` live '' translation occupied a 4Mb Microvax running Ultrix and C-Prolog for a complete weekend some time in early 1987 . The sentence , translated from English into Danish , was `` Japan makes computers '' . The main problem faced by the system was the generation of so-called `` Parse Forests '' - often a large number of different grammar rules could be applied to any particular phrase , producing hundreds , even thousands of ( often identical ) parse trees . This used up huge quantities of computer store , slowing the whole process down unnecessarily .   While Eurotra never delivered a `` working '' MT system , the project made a far-reaching long-term impact on the nascent language industries in European member states , in particular among the southern countries of Greece , Italy , Spain , and Portugal . There is at least one commercial MT system ( developed by an academic/commercial consortium in Denmark ) derived from Eurotra technology .

neg: Fantasy Amateur Press Association The Fantasy Amateur Press Association or FAPA ( `` FAP-uh '' ) is science fiction fandom 's longest-established amateur press association ( `` apa '' ) . It was founded in 1937 by Donald A. Wollheim and John B. Michel . They were inspired to create FAPA by their memberships in some of the non-science fiction amateur press associations , which they learned about from H. P. Lovecraft . ( It is also fandom 's longest-running organization of any kind , preceding the founding of the runner-up , the National Fantasy Fan Federation , by nearly four years . )   Like other APAs , FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications published by its members at their own expense . FAPA has `` mailings '' every three months . Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least eight pages of activity a year . When needed , there are elections ( in August ) of a secretary-treasurer and official editor . Other officials have included Official Critics , a Laureate Committee , President , Vice-President , and ballot counters . The first two positions were abandoned by the mid-1940s , and in 2009 the positions of President and Vice-President were also eliminated . The President Emeritus is the author Robert Silverberg , who was the last serving President and who has been an active member of FAPA longer than any other current member . When necessary , a teller for the annual officer elections is appointed by the secretary-treasurer .   FAPA 's original constitutional limit was 50 members to accommodate publishers using hectographs . There were 21 members listed on the roster of the first mailing in August 1937 ; it took until the November 1938 mailing to fill the 50-member roster . The membership limit was raised to 65 in 1943 and has remained at that level ever since .   The early years of FAPA were stormy with party politics and sociological feuds ( as recounted in the late Jack Speer 's pioneering fan history , Up to Now ) . In 1947 , Speer reformed the constitution , and the Insurgents quashed the last inactive OE , Elmer Perdue . Since then official troubles have mostly not disturbed FAPA , and red tape has been held to a minimum . The constitution was again revised in 1958 ( also by Speer ) to incorporate amendments , bylaws , and practices adopted since 1947 . Another major revision occurred in 2001 under the oversight of Robert Lichtman ( Secretary-Treasurer since 1986 and still holding that office ) , clarifying and conforming constitutional requirements with actual practice .   During the 1950s and 1960s FAPA was so popular and membership so sought after that the waiting list grew to monumental proportions , for a period of time exceeding the number of membership slots on the FAPA roster . A waiting list fee was instituted to cover the cost of sending the Fantasy Amateur to so many fans awaiting membership , and a requirement that waiting listers periodically acknowledge receipt of the Fantasy Amateur was begun in order to weed out those who lost interest during the long wait . By the '70s the waiting list became much smaller , and in recent years ( since the mid 1990s ) has disappeared altogether . Additionally , the number of members has also shrunk as existing members died or otherwise dropped off the roster . As of May 2016 , there were 23 active participants ( including one joint membership ) .

neg: Arabic Wikipedia The Arabic Wikipedia ( ويكيبيديا العربية Wīkībīdyā al-ʿArabiyya or ويكيبيديا ، الموسوعة الحرة Wīkībīdyā , al-Mawsūʿa al-Ḥurra ) is the Arabic language version of Wikipedia . It started on 9 July 2003 . As of March 2017 , it has over 500,000 articles , 1,200,000 registered users and over 29,000 images and it is the 19th largest edition of Wikipedia by article count ; it was the first Semitic language to exceed 100,000 articles .   The design of the Arabic Wikipedia differs somewhat from other Wikipedias . Most notably , since Arabic is written right-to-left , the location of links is a mirror image of those Wikipedias in languages written left-to-right . Prior to Wikipedia 's update to MediaWiki 1.16 , Arabic Wikipedia had a default page background of the site inspired by Arabic/Islamic tiling or ornament styles . Switching from MediaWiki 's new default Vector layout to the original MonoBook layout may restore this page background .

neg: Wiki-PR editing of Wikipedia Wiki-PR is a consulting firm that formerly marketed the ability to edit Wikipedia by '' ... directly edit -LSB- ing -RSB- your page using our network of established Wikipedia editors and admin -LSB- s -RSB- . '' It was then banned , including all of its employees , contractors , and owners , by the Wikipedia community for unethical editing . Despite the ban , the firm still markets its ability to advise clients on how to interact with the Wikipedia community .   The company gained media attention in 2013 after a sockpuppet investigation related to the company resulted in more than 250 Wikipedia user accounts being blocked or banned . The Wikimedia Foundation changed its terms of use in the wake of the investigation , requiring anyone paid to edit Wikipedia to openly disclose their affiliations .

neg: Encyclopaedia Islamica The Encyclopedia Islamica is a new encyclopedia on Islamic and Iranian studies published by Brill , comprising a projected 16-volume translation of selected articles from the new Persian Dā ` erat-ol-Ma ' āref-e Bozorg-e Eslāmi ( دائرةالمعارف بزرگ اسلامی , `` The Great Islamic Encyclopaedia '' ) , supplemented by additional articles written in English by scholars affiliated with the Institute of Ismaili Studies . The Persian-language project has been led by Kazem Mousavi-Bojnourdi since 1983 , when the Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia was established in Teheran for the purpose of constituting a scientific committee to oversee its creation . The project , which provides comprehensive coverage of Shia Islam has sparked considerable interest in the Islamic world and is being consulted by many Persian-speaking scholars of Islamic studies . As of 2016 , the encyclopedia is at the ninth letter of the Persian alphabet and its 22nd completed volume . Brill 's Encyclopedia Islamica , which is edited by Farhad Daftary and Wilferd Madelung , is currently at its fifth volume . It was begun in 2008 and is expected to be completed in 2023 . It is intended for advanced graduate students and scholars who require meticulous documentation .

neg: Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items .   Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) .   The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere .   Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee .   Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 .   In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world .   Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .

neg: Retention period The retention period of information is an aspect of records and information management ( RIM ) and the records life cycle . It identifies the duration of time for which the information should be maintained or `` retained '' , irrespective of format ( paper , electronic , or other ) . Retention periods vary on different types of information , based on content and a variety of other factors including : internal organizational need , regulatory requirements for inspection or audit , legal statutes of limitation , involvement in litigation , taxation and financial reporting needs , as well as other factors as defined by local , regional , state , national and/or international governing entities .   Once an applicable retention period has elapsed for a given type or series of information , and all holds/moratoriums have been released , the information is typically destroyed using an approved and effective destruction method , which renders the information completely and irreversibly unusable via any means . Information with historical value beyond its `` usable value '' may be accessioned to the custody of an archive organization for permanent or extended long-term preservation .

neg: National Digital Newspaper Program The National Digital Newspaper Program is a joint project between the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress to create and maintain a publicly available , online digital archive of historically significant newspapers published in the United States between 1836 and 1922 . Additionally , the program will make available bibliographic records and holdings information for some 140,000 newspaper titles from the 17th century to the present . Further , it will include scope notes and encyclopedia-style entries discussing the historical significance of specific newspapers . Added content will also include contextually relevant historical information . `` One organization within each U.S. state or territory will receive an award to collaborate with relevant state partners in this effort . '' In March 2007 more than 226,000 pages of newspapers from California , Florida , Kentucky , New York , Utah , Virginia and the District of Columbia published between 1900 and 1910 were put online at a fully searchable site called `` Chronicling America . '' As of December 2007 , the total number of pages is about 413,000 . This further expanded to be 1 million pages in 2009 . Funding through the National Endowment for the Humanities is carried out through their `` We The People '' initiative .

neg: Sahapedia Sahapedia is an open online multimedia knowledge resource -LSB- i -RSB- on the arts , cultures and histories of India ( and broadly , South Asia ) based on both curated and crowd-sourced content . ` Saha ' ( Sanskrit for ` together with ' ) , is an invitation to explore together the richness of the cultural landscape . On the Sahapedia portal people can read articles , watch videos , listen to interviews , and browse image galleries . Users can also explore historic sites and natural spaces through virtual walks , timelines and interactive maps . -LSB- ii -RSB- It is both a resource and a platform in that registered users may log into a personal work space from where they can submit material for curation and form communities of interest . It is also an online archive that hosts a library , cultural events calendar and news .  History  Sahapedia was registered as a not-for-profit Society in June 2011 under the Societies Act of 1860 . S. Ramadorai ( Former Vice Chairman , Tata Consultancy Services , and Chairman , National Skills Development Agency ) is the President and mentor of Sahapedia . Sudha Gopalakrishnan ( Founder Director , 2003 -- 07 , National Mission for Manuscripts , Government of India and UNESCO-empanelled expert on intangible cultural heritage ) is the Vice President and Executive Director of Sahapedia .   The organization is guided by a panel of advisors who are eminent scholars and experts . Since the inception of the project in 2010 , a qualified team of researchers and designers based in New Delhi has been working to develop Sahapedia . The team has established the conceptual , design and legal framework of the project . Sahapedia has had an active online presence for the last three years , and it has received positive feedback from users . Based on this , information architecture and development experts worked together to build Sahapedia 's unique technology platform , which was launched on April 23 , 2016 . -LSB- i -RSB-  Vision  Sahapedia 's goals are to inform , educate and act . It aims to foster knowledge , encourage engagement and generate action towards understanding and revitalising the diverse aspects of Indian culture . It envisions itself as an open resource which facilitates conversations between scholars and students , artists and enthusiasts , and serves as a platform for independent researchers and collectors . The encyclopedia seeks to make the best use of the digital medium 's potential for cross-referencing across domains and subjects , encouraging non-linear exploration that illuminates new connections and new ramifications . It also integrates activities and services including research , documentation , digitisation and conservation . -LSB- i -RSB-  Mission  The organization is working on areas like developing a digital library ( monographs , out-of-print scholarly work , old journals , unpublished reports ) ; linking with online archives of texts , recordings , translation ; curating material that makes tourism more meaningful , creating resources for education responsive to local histories and needs , developing scholarly resources ( editing online journals , teaching old scripts online ) , and making the best use of digital interactives to explain formal techniques in fields such as music , architecture , textile , etc. . The idea is to create ` a movement for engaging with culture , as the collective legacy of people , by encouraging local documentation and upload on Sahapedia . ' -LSB- i -RSB-  Work  The core of Sahapedia is the encyclopedia that addresses ten domains : the areas covered come under the categories of Knowledge Traditions , Visual and Material Arts , Performing Arts , Literature and Languages , Practices and Rituals , Histories , Institutions , People , and Natural Environment . The research and editorial team identify subjects for the encyclopaedia , visit libraries and consult experts to arrive at an outline for its treatment , write to scholars for articles or request them for interviews , go on field visits for documentation and compile links to online resources and suggestions for further reading . Sahapedia also works with affiliates who are experts in their field and can curate modules that cover various aspects of a particular subject .   Ongoing Projects   Oral history : Documents interactions with artists , scholars and practitioners . The project also records performances , events , activities , lectures , demonstrations and seminars .   Library : Makes available archival material relating to history , literature , music and the performing arts under the Creative Share-alike License .   Built heritage : Documents heritage sites and spaces in India with a view to covering both academic studies and experiential accounts .   Maps project : Encourages people to participate in the cultural mapping of India and South Asia by marking cultural sites , forms , practices and events in their areas .   Heritage education : It has partnered in the Heritage Education efforts of the Central Board of Secondary Education involving 12,900 schools , by creating an interactive web resource for children on the CBSE website . -LSB- i -RSB- Besides , the collaboratively-created encyclopedia database will be available as an offline tool for distance and rural education .   Institutional collaborations : Sahapedia is in partnership with numerous national and international organisations with regard to specific projects . Collaborations have been forged with the Ministry of Culture , Rashtrapati Bhavan , Archaeological Survey of India , the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies , National School of Drama , the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the International Information Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region , UNESCO . -LSB- ii -RSB-  External Links  Sahapedia.org , Official website   Youtube ,   Facebook ,   Twitter ,   Instagram

neg: Big data Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them . Challenges include capture , storage , analysis , data curation , search , sharing , transfer , visualization , querying , updating and information privacy . The term `` big data '' often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics , user behavior analytics , or certain other advanced data analytics methods that extract value from data , and seldom to a particular size of data set . `` There is little doubt that the quantities of data now available are indeed large , but that 's not the most relevant characteristic of this new data ecosystem . ''  Analysis of data sets can find new correlations to `` spot business trends , prevent diseases , combat crime and so on . '' Scientists , business executives , practitioners of medicine , advertising and governments alike regularly meet difficulties with large data-sets in areas including Internet search , fintech , urban informatics , and business informatics . Scientists encounter limitations in e-Science work , including meteorology , genomics , connectomics , complex physics simulations , biology and environmental research .   Data sets grow rapidly - in part because they are increasingly gathered by cheap and numerous information-sensing Internet of things devices such as mobile devices , aerial ( remote sensing ) , software logs , cameras , microphones , radio-frequency identification ( RFID ) readers and wireless sensor networks . The world 's technological per-capita capacity to store information has roughly doubled every 40 months since the 1980s ; , every day 2.5 exabytes ( 2.5 × 1018 ) of data are generated . One question for large enterprises is determining who should own big-data initiatives that affect the entire organization .   Relational database management systems and desktop statistics - and visualization-packages often have difficulty handling big data . The work may require `` massively parallel software running on tens , hundreds , or even thousands of servers '' . What counts as `` big data '' varies depending on the capabilities of the users and their tools , and expanding capabilities make big data a moving target . `` For some organizations , facing hundreds of gigabytes of data for the first time may trigger a need to reconsider data management options . For others , it may take tens or hundreds of terabytes before data size becomes a significant consideration . ''

neg: Japanese Wikipedia The is the Japanese-language edition of Wikipedia , a free , open-content encyclopedia . Started on 11 May 2001 , the edition attained the 200,000 article mark in April 2006 and the 500,000 article mark in June 2008 . As of , it has over articles . In April 2016 , the project had 4,192 active editors who made at least five edits in that month , ranking fourth behind the English , Spanish and Russian editions .

neg: WikiLosRíos WikiLosRios is a Spanish-language wiki-based Web encyclopedia project about Los Ríos Region in Chile . The scope of WikiLosRios is limited to subjects related to Los Ríos Region . WikiLosRios has twice organized an article contest among secondary school students called `` Construyendo Región '' ( Building a region ) . The last contest was won by a student from Panguipulli with the article `` Sendero del Jabalí '' ( Path of the Wildboar ) . In 2008 Jimmy Wales met the coordinators of WikiLosRios , Joaquín Barañao and Roberto Munita . Wales reportedly showed great interest in the local character of the encyclopedia .   WikiLosRios was started in 2007 by Senator Andrés Allamand who currently is the main sponsor of the website . In the words of Andrés Allamand WikiLosRios was created to `` put at disposal of all the inhabitants of the region , Chile , and why not , the world , a truthful information that is agile and collective about the process of creation of this region and its reality . ''

neg: Samogitian Wikipedia Samogitian Wikipedia ( Žemaitėška Vikipedėjė ) is a section of Wikipedia in Samogitian language . This section of Wikipedia was founded in 2006 by initiative of Zords Davini ( Arnas Udovičius ) . It has over 15,000 articles .

neg: Lecture A lecture ( from the French ` lecture ' , meaning ` reading ' -LSB- process -RSB- ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject , for example by a university or college teacher . Lectures are used to convey critical information , history , background , theories , and equations . A politician 's speech , a minister 's sermon , or even a businessman 's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture . Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture 's content .   Though lectures are much criticised as a teaching method , universities have not yet found practical alternative teaching methods for the large majority of their courses . Critics point out that lecturing is mainly a one-way method of communication that does not involve significant audience participation but relies upon passive learning . Therefore , lecturing is often contrasted to active learning . Lectures delivered by talented speakers can be highly stimulating ; at the very least , lectures have survived in academia as a quick , cheap , and efficient way of introducing large numbers of students to a particular field of study .   Lectures have a significant role outside the classroom , as well . Academic and scientific awards routinely include a lecture as part of the honor , and academic conferences often center on `` keynote addresses '' , i.e. , lectures . The public lecture has a long history in the sciences and in social movements . Union halls , for instance , historically have hosted numerous free and public lectures on a wide variety of matters . Similarly , churches , community centers , libraries , museums , and other organizations have hosted lectures in furtherance of their missions or their constituents ' interests . Lectures represent a continuation of oral tradition in contrast to textual communication in books and other media . Lectures may be considered a type of grey literature .

neg: Webometrics The science of webometrics ( also cybermetrics ) tries to measure the World Wide Web to get knowledge about the number and types of hyperlinks , structure of the World Wide Web and usage patterns . According to Björneborn and Ingwersen ( 2004 ) , the definition of webometrics is `` the study of the quantitative aspects of the construction and use of information resources , structures and technologies on the Web drawing on bibliometric and informetric approaches . '' The term webometrics was first coined by Almind and Ingwersen ( 1997 ) . A second definition of webometrics has also been introduced , `` the study of web-based content with primarily quantitative methods for social science research goals using techniques that are not specific to one field of study '' ( Thelwall , 2009 ) , which emphasizes the development of applied methods for use in the wider social sciences . The purpose of this alternative definition was to help publicize appropriate methods outside of the information science discipline rather than to replace the original definition within information science .   Similar scientific fields are Bibliometrics , Informetrics , Scientometrics , Virtual ethnography , and Web mining .   One relatively straightforward measure is the `` Web Impact Factor '' ( WIF ) introduced by Ingwersen ( 1998 ) . The WIF measure may be defined as the number of web pages in a web site receiving links from other web sites , divided by the number of web pages published in the site that are accessible to the crawler . However the use of WIF has been disregarded due to the mathematical artifacts derived from power law distributions of these variables . Other similar indicators using size of the institution instead of number of webpages have been proved more useful .

neg: Pseudonym A pseudonym ( -LSB- pronˈsjuːdənɪm -RSB- and -LSB- pronˈsuːdənɪm -RSB- ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose , which can differ from their original or true name ( orthonym ) . Pseudonyms include stage names and user names ( both called screen names ) , ring names , pen names , nicknames , aliases , superhero or villain identities and code names , gamer identifications , and regnal names of emperors , popes , and other monarchs . Historically , they have often taken the form of anagrams , Graecisms , and Latinisations , although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym .   Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual 's full-time name . Pseudonyms are `` part-time '' names , used only in certain contexts - usually adopted to hide an individual 's real identity , as with writers ' pen names , graffiti artists ' tags , resistance fighters ' or terrorists ' noms de guerre , and computer hackers ' handles . Actors , musicians , and other performers sometimes use stage names , for example , to mask their ethnic backgrounds .   In some cases , pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition : for example devotional names used by members of some religious institutes , and `` cadre names '' used by Communist party leaders such as Trotsky and Lenin .   A pseudonym may also be used for personal reasons : for example , an individual may prefer to be called or known by a name that differs from their given or legal name , but is not ready to take the numerous steps to get their name legally changed ; or an individual may simply feel that the context and content of an exchange offer no reason , legal or otherwise , to provide their given or legal name .   A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons , for example the co-authors of a work , such as Ellery Queen , or Nicolas Bourbaki .