query: The Beatles were formed in London.

pos: Liverpool Liverpool ( -LSB- ˈlɪvərpuːl -RSB- ) is a city in North West England , with an estimated population of 478,580 in 2015 . With its surrounding areas it is the fifth largest metropolitan area in the UK , with over 2.24 million people in 2011 . The local authority is Liverpool City Council , the most populous local government district within the metropolitan county of Merseyside and the largest within the Liverpool City Region .   Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary , and historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire . It became a borough in 1207 and a city in 1880 . In 1889 , it became a county borough independent of Lancashire . Its growth as a major port was paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution . Along with general cargo , freight , raw materials such as coal and cotton , the city was also involved in the Atlantic slave trade . Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line , and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic , the RMS Lusitania , Queen Mary and Olympic .   The popularity of The Beatles and other groups from the Merseybeat era contributes to Liverpool 's status as a tourist destination . Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs , Liverpool and Everton , matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby . The city 's namesake club is the sole British club to win five European Cups . The world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city .   The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007 , and was European Capital of Culture together with Stavanger , Norway , in 2008 . Several areas of the city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004 . The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head , Albert Dock , and William Brown Street . Liverpool 's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population , which , historically , was drawn from a wide range of peoples , cultures , and religions , particularly from Ireland and Wales . The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe .   Natives of the city of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians , and colloquially as `` Scousers '' , a reference to `` scouse '' , a form of stew . The word `` Scouse '' has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect . Another term for denizens of the city is Liverpolitan , although Liverpolitan may also be used for residents of the wider Liverpool City Region .

pos: The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 . With members John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr , they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era . Rooted in skiffle , beat and 1950s rock and roll , the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles , ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock , often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways . In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as `` Beatlemania '' , and as the group 's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years , led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s .   The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960 , with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player . The core of Lennon , McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers , including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in 1962 . Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act , and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings , greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit , `` Love Me Do '' , in late 1962 . They acquired the nickname `` the Fab Four '' as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year , and by early 1964 became international stars , leading the `` British Invasion '' of the United States pop market . From 1965 onwards , the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings , including the albums Rubber Soul ( 1965 ) , Revolver ( 1966 ) , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( 1967 ) , The Beatles ( commonly known as the White Album , 1968 ) and Abbey Road ( 1969 ) . After their break-up in 1970 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths . McCartney and Starr , the surviving members , remain musically active . Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980 , and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001 .   The Beatles are the best-selling band in history , with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide . They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act . According to the RIAA , the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States , with 178 million certified units . In 2008 , the group topped Billboard magazine 's list of the all-time most successful `` Hot 100 '' artists ; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty . They have received ten Grammy Awards , an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards . The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 , and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015 . They were also collectively included in Time magazine 's compilation of the twentieth century 's 100 most influential people .

neg: A Beginning `` A Beginning '' is an instrumental piece composed by the Beatles ' producer George Martin and intended as an introduction to `` Do n't Pass Me By '' , Ringo Starr 's first solo composition from the Beatles ' 1968 double album The Beatles ( also known as the `` White Album '' ) .   It was instead used as an incidental cue in the Beatles ' cartoon film Yellow Submarine and heard right before `` Eleanor Rigby . '' It was included on Anthology 3 as a replacement of a planned `` new Beatles song , '' `` Now and Then '' ( along with `` Free as a Bird '' and `` Real Love . '' )   A Beginning was scored by George Martin and recorded on 22 July 1968 , using the same orchestra that appeared on the Beatles ' song `` Good Night '' .

neg: Kingsize Taylor and the Dominoes Kingsize Taylor and the Dominoes were a British rock and roll band , formed in Liverpool in the late 1950s . One of the first beat groups in the Merseyside area , they were a locally popular and influential group who were contemporaries and rivals of The Beatles , and featured Cilla Black as a guest singer before her solo career , but had little commercial success except in Germany .

neg: The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .

neg: Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles .   As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording .   While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .

neg: Strand, London Strand ( or the Strand ) is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster , Central London . It runs just over 3/4 mi from Trafalgar Square eastwards to Temple Bar , where the road becomes Fleet Street inside the City of London , and is part of the A4 , a main road running west from inner London .   The road 's name comes from the Old English strond , meaning the edge of a river , as it historically ran alongside the north bank of the River Thames . The street was popular with the British upper classes between the 12th and 17th centuries , with many historically important mansions being built between the Strand and the river . These included Essex House , Arundel House , Somerset House , Savoy Palace , Durham House and Cecil House . The aristocracy moved to the West End over the 17th century , following which the Strand became well known for coffee shops , restaurants and taverns . The street was a centre point for theatre and music hall during the 19th century , and several venues remain on the Strand . At the east end of the street are two historic churches : St Mary le Strand and St Clement Danes .   Several authors , poets and philosophers have lived on or near the Strand , including Charles Dickens , Ralph Waldo Emerson and Virginia Woolf . The street has been commemorated in the song `` Let 's All Go Down the Strand '' , now recognised as a typical piece of Cockney music hall .

neg: Dandie Fashions Dandie Fashions or sometimes Dandy Fashions was a London fashion boutique founded in 1966 , following a chance encounter at the Speakeasy Club between Freddie Hornik and Alan Holston , who then got together with Australian John Crittle , the Guinness heir Tara Browne and Neil Winterbotham , and launched the new business .   Dandie Fashions opened its shop at 161 King 's Road , Chelsea in October 1966 . John Crittle had previously worked for Michael Rainey in his boutique Hung On You . Crittle and Tara Browne wanted a retail outlet for their new tailoring company Foster and Tara . In December 1966 , Browne died in a car crash , while he was on his way to discuss shop front designs with the graphic artist David Vaughan . Crittle bought his share of the business .   Five months after opening their Apple Boutique in Baker Street ( which ran from 7 December 1967 to 30 July 1968 ) , the Beatles invested in Dandie , renaming it Apple Tailoring ( Civil & Theatric ) . They were attracted to King 's Road by the presence of the clothing boutiques Dandie , along with Granny Takes a Trip and Hung On You . Apple Tailoring opened at the same 161 King 's Road premises as Dandie , on 23 May 1968 . Neil Aspinall and Apple 's accountant Stephen Maltz became directors . John Lennon and George Harrison attended the launch party . However , it never made a profit and closed some months later .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Tell Me What You See `` Tell Me What You See '' is a song by the Beatles that first appeared in 1965 on their album Help ! in the United Kingdom and on Beatles VI in the United States . As with all Beatles compositions by either of the two , the song is credited to Lennon -- McCartney . Regarding the song 's authorship , Paul McCartney said , `` I seem to remember it as mine . I would claim it as a 60-40 but it might have been totally me . '' Lennon said , in his interviews with Playboy ( 1980 ) and Hit Parader ( 1972 ) , that `` Tell Me What You See '' was written completely by McCartney .

neg: St. Paul's Gallery St. Paul 's Gallery is a commercial art gallery , the largest in the United Kingdom outside London . It is located in the Jewellery Quarter in Birmingham , England .   The gallery deals in two main fields : original album art The World 's largest collection of signed album cover fine art , including signed cover images from The Beatles , Led Zeppelin , Pink Floyd , David Bowie , Queen etc. and fine art ( where its holdings include works from Picasso and Dalí to Henry Moore Bridget Riley ) and In addition to its own collection St Paul 's Gallery hosts a programme of visiting exhibitions .   It was conceived by Symon Bland and opened in February 2003 in former industrial premises near St Paul 's Square .

neg: Green Street, Mayfair Green Street is a street in Mayfair , London , England .   It runs west to east from Park Lane to North Audley Street .   The James Bond author Ian Fleming was born at no 27 on 28 May 1908 .   Thomas Sopwith lived at no 46 from 1934 to 1940 , which has a blue plaque in his memory .   When the Beatles first arrived in London in 1963 , they stayed at the Hotel President in Bloomsbury before taking a lease on an apartment at no. 57 , and this was the only London address where all four ever lived together .   The fashion designer Alexander McQueen hanged himself in a wardrobe at his flat in 7 Green Street in 2012 .

neg: Tell Me Why (Beatles song) `` Tell Me Why '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their album A Hard Day 's Night . In North America , it was released on both the American version of A Hard Day 's Night and the album Something New . Credited to Lennon -- McCartney , it was written by John Lennon in either Paris or New York City and recorded in eight takes on 27 February 1964 .

neg: The Beatles' 1965 UK tour The Beatles ' 1965 tour of the United Kingdom was a concert tour that took place between 3 and 12 December 1965 , comprising 18 shows at nine venues across England , Scotland and Wales . It coincided with the release of the Beatles ' studio album Rubber Soul and their double A-side single `` Day Tripper '' / `` We Can Work It Out '' , and was the final UK tour undertaken by the band . Weary of Beatlemania , the group conceded to do the tour but refused to also perform a season of Christmas concerts as they had done over the 1963 -- 64 and 1964 -- 65 holiday seasons .

neg: Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes .   `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .

neg: Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made .   Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances .   McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line .   The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .

neg: The Beatles' Christmas records The Beatles ' Christmas records were spoken and musical messages from English rock group The Beatles that were posted out on flexi disc at Christmas time to members of their official fan-clubs in the United Kingdom and the United States . One such record was issued each year from 1963 to 1969 and an LP compilation of all seven in 1970 .   Conceived as a means to appease fan-club members whose letters , due to their sheer volume , were not always being answered in a timely manner , the records included the Beatles ' messages of thanks to `` loyal Beatle people '' , along with skits , Christmas carols , and original compositions .   None of the original recordings has ever been subject to general release , though a version of `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' , an original composition which appeared in edited form on the 1967 record , eventually gained an official release in 1995 , as part of The Beatles Anthology project .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: The London Rock and Roll Show The London Rock and Roll Show was a concert held at Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park , London , England , on 5 August 1972 . It is often said to have been the first ever concert held at the stadium , but in fact the band Yes had performed in the Stadium on 13 July 1969 .   From the late 1960s to the early 1970s , many rock and roll performers from the 1950s experienced major career revivals due to a temporary upswing of interest in their form of music . The Revival was marked by a series of major concerts in the United States , and also spread to Europe where events such as the Wembley concert attracted thousands of fans who came out to see the performers behind the music .   The concert included performances by major stars including Bo Diddley , Jerry Lee Lewis , Little Richard , and Bill Haley and His Comets . The concert ended with an extended performance by Chuck Berry , who at the time was enjoying major chart success in Britain and the US with his `` My Ding-a-Ling '' .   Originally billed rock and roll era acts The Platters , The Drifters and The Coasters were unable to perform due to work permit issues . The show was opened instead with sets from British rock and rollers The Houseshakers , Joe Brown , Emile Ford & the Checkmates , Screaming Lord Sutch , Heinz ( with Wilko Johnson on guitar ) and Billy Fury ; as well as songs from Jerry Lee Lewis 's sister Linda Gail Lewis .   Roy Wood 's new band Wizzard , only formed a few weeks previously , also made their live debut at the show .   Garage rockers MC5 were not over-popular with the crowd . Little Richard also got booed when he stopped singing rock and roll and jumped on top of his piano . As did a very new Gary Glitter , with The Glitter Band .   Mick Jagger attended the concert , but did not perform . Future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren can be seen selling T-shirts from a stall in the film .   The concert was filmed and released in 1973 as The London Rock and Roll Show , directed by Peter Clifton . Although no soundtrack release occurred at the time the film was made , one was finally issued in the early 2000s ( decade ) , followed by several different releases with different combinations of performances .

neg: Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .

neg: In The Hollies Style In The Hollies Style is the second studio album by British beat group The Hollies , released on the Parlophone label in November 1964 . The album was later released in Canada by Capitol Records on 4 October 1965 with a different track listing .   As a result of poor sales of stereo copies of the band 's debut album in the UK , In the Hollies Style was only available there in mono while stereo mixes were shipped to other markets . The stereo mix was finally released in the UK and retitled The Vintage Hollies '' in 1967 . In 1997 , British EMI put both mono and stereo versions of this album onto a single CD .

neg: The Zimmers The Zimmers are an English band formed in 2007 and are thought to have the oldest members of any group in the world . The oldest member , Buster Martin , claimed to have been born in 1906 , although some sources indicate he was born in 1913 . Martin died in 2011 . Former lead singer Alf Carretta died on 29 June 2010 , aged 93 . The group takes its name from the Zimmer frame , the UK term for a mobility aid known in other countries as a walker .   The band was created as a feature in a BBC Television documentary which aired on 28 May 2007 . The feature of forming the band and recording a single was intended to give a voice to the feelings of isolation and imprisonment suffered by the elderly . The Zimmers ' logo is a parody of The Beatles ' logo , as is the image of them walking across Abbey Road .   On 7 April 2012 , the band performed the Beastie Boys ' '' ( You Got ta ) Fight for Your Right ( To Party ! ) '' on Britain 's Got Talent . The band toured in 2013 , performing in Warrington on 25 May that year .


query: Kumail Nanjiani has declined to act in any movies.

pos: Kumail Nanjiani Kumail Nanjiani ( born February 21 , 1978 ) is a Pakistani-American stand-up comedian , actor , writer , and podcast host . Nanjiani is best known for being a main cast member on HBO 's Emmy Award-nominated series Silicon Valley , as well as for providing the voice of Prismo on the Emmy Award-winning animated series Adventure Time . He starred on the TNT series Franklin & Bash and the Adult Swim series Newsreaders . Nanjiani also co-hosted the Comedy Central show The Meltdown with Jonah and Kumail . In addition to his television and film work , he hosts two podcasts : The Indoor Kids and The X-Files Files .   In 2017 , Nanjiani starred in the romantic comedy film The Big Sick , which he wrote with his wife Emily V. Gordon .

neg: Kajaki (film) Kajaki : The True Story , released in North America as Kilo Two Bravo , is a 2014 British war docu-drama film directed by Paul Katis , written by Tom Williams , and produced by Katis and Andrew de Lotbiniere .   The plot is based on the true story of Mark Wright and of a small unit of British soldiers positioned near the Kajaki dam , in Afghanistan .

neg: Say Anything... Say Anything ... is a 1989 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Cameron Crowe in his directorial debut . The film follows the romance between Lloyd Dobler ( John Cusack ) , an average student , and Diane Court ( Ione Skye ) , the valedictorian , immediately after their graduation from high school . In 2002 , Entertainment Weekly ranked Say Anything ... as the greatest modern movie romance , and it was ranked number 11 on Entertainment Weekly list of the 50 best high-school movies .

neg: I Saw the Sun I Saw the Sun ( Güneşi Gördüm ) is a 2009 Turkish drama film , written and directed by Mahsun Kırmızıgül , which tells of a Kurdish family who are forced from their village in southeastern Turkey by the conflict there . The film , which was released on , was one of the highest grossing Turkish films of 2009 , prompting its re-release on . The film was Turkey 's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 82nd Academy Awards , but it was not nominated .

neg: Shortkut Shortkut ( also known as Short Kut : The Con Is On ) is a 2009 Bollywood comedy film directed by Neeraj Vora and produced by Anil Kapoor under Anil Kapoor Films Company . The film stars Akshaye Khanna , Arshad Warsi and Amrita Rao in lead roles . It released on 10 July 2009 worldwide to mostly negative reviews from critics .   The film was an uncredited remake of the blockbuster Malayalam film Udayananu Tharam starring Mohanlal .

neg: Chinatown (1974 film) Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama .   In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 .   A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor .

neg: Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 .   Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) .   Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .

neg: Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life .   Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack .   The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film .   It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 .   The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .

neg: List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue .   As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee .   For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .

neg: Bajirao Mastani Bajirao Mastani is a 2015 Indian epic historical romance film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali , who also composed the music of the film . It is jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International . The film stars Ranveer Singh as Bajirao I and Deepika Padukone as Mastani , with Priyanka Chopra playing Bajirao 's first wife Kashibai . Tanvi Azmi , Vaibbhav Tatwawdi and Milind Soman appear in supporting roles . Based on the Marathi novel Raau by Nagnath S. Inamdar , the film narrates the story of the Maratha Peshwa Bajirao ( 1700-1740 AD ) and his second wife Mastani .   The film was in development for 15 years , with Bhansali wanting to make the film after Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam . However , several times , the production was delayed due to the changing cast . Principal photography started in mid 2014 after the casting of principal roles was finalised . The film was released on 18 December 2015 to critical acclaim from critics , who praised the direction , cinematography , production design , costumes , music and performances , particularly of Chopra , and Singh .   The film has grossed over at the box-office , emerging as a commercial success and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time . The film received several accolades at various award ceremonies across India . At the 63rd National Film Awards , Bajirao Mastani received seven awards , including Best Direction and Best Supporting Actress for Tanvi Azmi . The film is featured among the 2016 Indian Panorama section of the International Film Festival of India . The film received fourteen nominations at the 61st Filmfare Awards , and won nine awards including Best Film , Best Director for Bhansali , Best Actor for Singh , and Best Supporting Actress for Chopra .

neg: Alan Smithee Alan Smithee ( also Allen Smithee ) is an official pseudonym used by film directors who wish to disown a project . Coined in 1968 and used until it was formally discontinued in 2000 , it was the sole pseudonym used by members of the Directors Guild of America ( DGA ) when a director , dissatisfied with the final product , proved to the satisfaction of a guild panel that he or she had not been able to exercise creative control over a film . The director was also required by guild rules not to discuss the circumstances leading to the move or even to acknowledge being the project 's director .

neg: Don't Move Do n't Move ( Non ti muovere ) is a 2004 Italian film directed by Sergio Castellitto . It stars Penélope Cruz , Claudia Gerini , Elena Perino and the director himself . Both Castellitto and Cruz received critical praise for their performances , as well as several awards , including the prestigious David di Donatello . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: 8th IIFA Awards The 2007 IIFA Awards , officially known as the 8th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2006 and took place between June 7 -- 9 , 2007 . The official ceremony took place on June 9 , 2007 , at the Hallam FM Arena in Sheffield , England . During the ceremony , IIFA Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories . The ceremony was televised in India and internationally on Star Plus . Actors Boman Irani and Lara Dutta co-hosted the ceremony for the first time .   Some other salient events held during this weekend included the IIFA World Premiere , IIFA-BAFTA Film Workshop , FICCI-IIFA Global Business Forum and the IIFA Foundation Celebrity Charity Cricket Match .   The tag line of the IIFA 2007 was IIFA 2007 : Yorkshire `` Love At First Sight '' .   Rang De Basanti received twenty one nominations out of the total twenty nine and won eleven awards , two of which were popular awards : ( Best Picture , Best Performance In A Supporting Role Female ) Omkara and Lage Raho Munna Bhai won four awards each . Other multiple winners included Krrish with three awards and Dhoom 2 and Fanaa with two each . In addition movies receiving a single awards included , Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna for ( Best Performance In A Leading Role Female ) , Golmaal : Fun Unlimited for ( Best Performance In A Comic Role ) , 36 China Town for ( Male Debutant Star ) and Gangster for ( Female Debutant Star ) .   Rajkumar Hirani and A. R. Rahman each won three awards in the event .

neg: London Iranian Film Festival London Iranian Film Festival is an annual , independent film festival held in London , United Kingdom . It is now entering its fourth year . It is the only festival in the UK that is dedicated to Iranian independent cinema , with this year 's event taking place from the 1st to the 9th of November .   The London Iranian Film Festival is organised by a non-political , film-focused organization UKIFF , which aims to provide a platform for Iranian cinema in the UK . The Festival showcases films that consistently explore Iranian culture and identity .   Submissions to the festival are looked over by a panel of filmmakers and film industry professionals , and the films selected for screening are then placed into four categories : Short film , Documentary , Animation and Feature film . Prizes are awarded to the best film from each category on the closing night of the festival .   Previous selection committees have included Iranian filmmaker and scriptwriter Kambuzia Partovi , screen director Patrick Tucker , cinematographer Zoran Veljkovic , and Iranian filmmaker Mojtaba Mirtahmasb .   The film festival has also had assistance from members of Europe 's only dedicated Iranian cinematic organization Iran film foundation , as well as members of Britain 's Iranian community .

neg: Iranium Iranium is a 2011 documentary film by director Alex Traiman , Written and Distributed by Clarion Fund .   Featuring footage with Iranian leaders and interviews with 25 leading politicians , dissidents , and researchers , the film discusses the Iranian nuclear program , Middle East policy , terrorism , and nuclear proliferation . Beginning with the Islamic revolution , the film documents the creation of the Iranian nuclear program and development of weapons of mass destruction .   The film discusses Iranian foreign policy and Iran -- United States relations , including the Iran hostage crisis and the 1979 Iranian Revolution and takeover by Ayatollah Khomeini to what it refers to as `` the brutal nature of the Iranian regime to its own citizens , and the Iranian people 's desire to rejoin the international community . ''   The film is produced by the Clarion Fund . It was produced by the same team that produced Obsession : Radical Islam 's War Against the West and The Third Jihad . Iranian actress and Academy Award nominee Shohreh Aghdashloo narrates the film .   Pre-release screenings have been held or are scheduled to be held at organizations such as the Hudson Institute , David Horowitz Freedom Center , and Heritage Foundation .  The film premiered at select AMC theaters and community centers throughout the United States on February 8 .

neg: Black Hawk Down (film) Black Hawk Down is a 2002 American war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott . The screenplay by Ken Nolan is adapted from the non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden , which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in The Philadelphia Inquirer chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid and the ensuing firefight , known as the Battle of Mogadishu .   The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Jason Isaacs , Tom Hardy , and Sam Shepard . It won two Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards . Although it was received positively by critics , the film was strongly criticized by a number of groups and military officials .   In 2009 , an extended cut of the film was released on DVD . The cut contained an additional 8 minutes of footage increasing the running time to 152 minutes . This extended cut has yet to be released on Blu-Ray .

neg: List of accolades received by Mary Kom (film) Mary Kom is a 2014 Indian biographical sports drama film directed by Omung Kumar and produced by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Viacom 18 Motion Pictures . The film features Priyanka Chopra in the lead role as the boxer Mary Kom , with Darshan Kumar and Sunil Thapa in supporting roles as her husband and mentor , Onler Kom and M. Narjit Singh respectively . The film was written by Saiwyn Quadras , with the cinematography provided by Keiko Nakahara while Bhansali co-edited the film with Rajesh G. Pandey . The film follows Kom 's journey of becoming a boxer to her victory at the 2008 World Boxing Championships in Ningbo , China .   Before its theatrical release on 5 September 2014 , the film premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival , where it became the first Hindi film to be screened on the opening night of the film festival . The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success . It grossed at the box-office against a budget of . Mary Kom has received various awards and nominations , with praise for its direction , Chopra 's performance , screenplay , editing , background score , and costume design . As of August 2015 , the film has won 20 awards .   At the 62nd National Film Awards , the film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment . It was nominated for Best Film , and Best Actress for Chopra at the 60th Filmfare Awards . Mary Kom received ten nominations at the 2014 Star Guild Awards , including Best Film and Best Director , winning five awards : Best Actress in a Leading Role for Chopra , Best Debut Director for Kumar , Best Costume Design , Dialogue of the Year , and the Guild Presidents Award for Best Film . The film garnered eight nominations at the 21st Screen Awards , winning Best Actress for Chopra .

neg: Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .

neg: Gamer (film) Gamer is a 2009 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor . The film stars Gerard Butler as a participant in an online game in which participants can control human beings as players , and Logan Lerman as the player who controls him . Alongside Butler and Lerman , it also stars Michael C. Hall , Ludacris , Amber Valletta , Terry Crews , Alison Lohman , John Leguizamo , and Zoe Bell .   Gamer was released in North America on September 4 , 2009 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics , who found the plot , direction , and script disappointing , though its performances , effects , and action sequences were praised . It received a mixed reception from audiences , and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 42 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 50 million .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: The Man Without a Face The Man Without a Face is a 1993 American drama film starring and directed by Mel Gibson , in his directorial debut . The film is based on Isabelle Holland 's 1972 novel of the same name . Gibson 's direction received respectful reviews from most critics .


query: Hacksaw Ridge made money.

pos: Hacksaw Ridge Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama film about the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss , an American pacifist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian , refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind . Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor , for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa .   The film was directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan , based on a 2004 documentary about Doss , and stars Andrew Garfield as Doss , with Sam Worthington , Luke Bracey , Teresa Palmer , Hugo Weaving , Rachel Griffiths and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles . It was released in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , received positive reviews and grossed $ 175.3 million worldwide .   Hacksaw Ridge was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year , and has received numerous awards and nominations . The film received six Oscar nominations at the 89th Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Garfield and Best Sound Editing , winning the awards for Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing . It also received Golden Globe nominations for Best Picture , Best Director and Best Actor , and 12 AACTA Awards nominations , winning the majority , including Best Film , Best Direction , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for Garfield , and Best Supporting Actor for Weaving .

neg: Folkstreams Folkstreams is a non-profit organization that aims to collect and make available online documentary films about American folk art and culture .   It preserves and provides wide access to documentary films about the activities , voices , and experiences of members of America 's diverse regional , ethnic , religious , and occupational cultures . The films show a variety of documentary approaches but commonly let the people themselves present their own circumstances , values , and arts .   Folkstreams was conceived and developed by filmmaker Tom Davenport in 1999 . He saw the importance of these films and knew from experience that their natural audiences had difficulty finding and seeing them . Many of the films are old , out of print , rare , and endangered . Others are obtainable only from little-known distributors . Their age and outdated formats , their non-standard lengths , the regional and ethnic speech of the people they feature , and their unusual subject matters have excluded most from mainstream television and from commercial DVDs .   By early 2014 Folkstreams was hosting over 220 such documentaries created since 1949 . The goal of Folkstreams is to recover many more such films , deposit copies in a library for long-term preservation , and digitize and stream the films for the internet public . Along with a quarter of them it already streams background information about the making of the film and the traditions presented . Most films on Folkstreams are protected by copyright , and the filmmakers have given their permission and encouragement for the streaming . An archive of all footage and corresponding materials is kept at the -LSB- Southern Folklife Collection http://www2.lib.unc.edu/wilson/sfc/] at the Wilson Library in Chapel Hill , North Carolina .

neg: Cash and carry (World War II) Cash and carry was a policy requested by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt at a special session of the United States Congress on September 21 , 1939 , subsequent to the outbreak of war in Europe . It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1936 . The revision allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents , as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash , assuming all risk in transportation . However , the sale of war materials was not allowed .   Though `` Cash and Carry '' concepts had been introduced in the Neutrality Act of 1936 , it only pertained to materials that could not be used in war efforts , which allowed them to aid warring countries . Originally presented to Congress by Senator Key Pittman ( D-NV ) earlier in 1939 , the bill was designed to replace the Neutrality Act of 1937 , which had lapsed in May 1939 . The bill had been defeated repeatedly by the Senate and the House on more than one occasion as Isolationists feared that passing the bill would draw the US into the conflict in Europe . However , President Roosevelt felt that further help was needed in Europe after Germany invaded Poland in September 1939 . The bill passed in late October , gaining approval from the House on November 5 , 1939 . The President gave his signature the same day .   The purpose of this policy was to maintain neutrality between the United States and European countries while giving aid to Britain by allowing them to buy non war materials . Various policies , such as the Neutrality Acts of 1935 , 1936 , and 1937 , forbade selling implements of war or lending money to belligerent countries under any terms . The U.S. economy was rebounding at this time , following the Great Depression , but there was still a need for industrial manufacturing jobs . The cash and carry program helped to solve this issue and in turn Great Britain benefited from the purchase goods .   This program also prevented US businesses interests backing the success or failure of any warring nation . Because of the conclusion of the Nye Committee , which asserted that United States involvement in World War I was driven by private interests from arms manufacturers , many Americans believed that investment in a belligerent would eventually lead to American participation in war .   U.S. shipping interests were forbidden from entering into conflict zones and US passengers traveling on foreign ships did so at their own risk .   The `` cash and carry '' legislation enacted in 1939 effectively ended the arms embargo that had been in place since the Neutrality Act of 1936 . It paved the way for Lend-Lease .

neg: Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego .   Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin .   In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .

neg: Tapeworm Railroad The Tapeworm Railroad ( Gettysburg Rail Road ) was a railway line planned by Congressman Thaddeus Stevens and nicknamed by opponents ridiculing a lengthy serpentine section around the Green Ridge of South Mountain after an orator compared the path to a tapeworm depiction on a product 's packaging . Switchbacks were planned on the west slope at Hughs Forge along the E Br Antietam Creek ( `` Cold Spring Cr '' in 1839 ) and on the east slope at Stevens ' 1822 Maria Furnace along Toms Creek ( Monocacy River ) , with 3 east slope tunnels through spurs of Jacks Mountain .   In 1836 , Herman Haupt had surveyed the `` road from Gettysburg across South Mountain to the Potomac '' and in 1838 , the rail `` bed '' was `` graded for a number of miles , never got further than Monterey '' , and included the following ( west-to-east ) :  single-arch roadway bridge over Toms Creek west of Iron Springs , Pennsylvania  multi-arch bridge  viaduct at Virginia Mills  deep cut near Marsh Creek  elevated railbed on banks of Willoughby Run  McPherson Ridge railway cut , site of the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg military engagements on McPherson Ridge  Seminary Ridge railway cut   After Thaddeus Stevens lost his position on the Canal Commission , the commonwealth ended the railroad 's financing and work was suspended in 1838 , and an 1839 survey was ordered of the planned line . As late as 1885 , `` Tapeworm '' was used for the Hanover Junction , Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad line west of the preceding 1858 Gettysburg Railroad line .

neg: Jonathan Greenleaf Eveleth Jonathan Greenleaf Eveleth ( May 8 , 1821 -- December 10 , 1861 ) founded the first oil company in America with George Bissell in 1854 . Partners in the Wall Street law firm of Eveleth & Bissell , the two formed the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company with 5 other investors from New York , New Haven , and Titusville , Pennsylvania , to `` raise , procure , manufacture , and sell Rock Oil . ''   Eveleth was born in New Gloucester , Maine , on May 8 , 1821 to James and Hannah Austin Eveleth . His father was a leather tanner and boot and shoe maker and a descendant of early colonial families of Massachusetts . He was a direct descendant of Joseph Eveleth , juror in the Salem Witch trial of John Proctor , and a second cousin of Theophilus Parsons , Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts . Eveleth married Mary Weeks of Bath , Maine , in 1852 .   He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1847 and Harvard Law School in 1854 . He was Principal of the Liberal Institute ( 1848 -- 1849 ) a college preparatory school in Norway , Maine , and then , following law school , joined Fessenden & Deblois , the Portland , Maine law firm of U.S. Representative Thomas Fessenden 's family . He later formed his own firm with Bissell in New York at 14 Wall St. His New York practice was eventually closed in 1859 to allow the partners to fully pursue their oil business venture .   Bissell and Eveleth initially invested $ 5,000 to purchase and lease over 200 acre of what they believed were the principal oil fields in Titusville , PA. . The company collected oil in trenches and sold small quantities at high prices ( $ 1.50 per gallon ) primarily for medicinal purposes .   Believing in the mineral 's greater economic potential and in order to gain the interest of additional investors , the two partners engaged at their own expense renowned Yale chemist , Benjamin Silliman , Jr. , to investigate crude oil samples from the Pennsylvania site for its properties and commercial usefulness . Silliman submitted in 1855 his historic report to `` Messrs. Eveleth , Bissell , and Reed '' concluding , `` gentlemen ... there is much ground for encouragement in the belief that your Company have in their possession a raw material from which they may manufacture ... very valuable products '' , thus marking a major scientific milestone for the university as well the birth of the American petroleum industry . The company was then reorganized to include additional New Haven investors , and Silliman was appointed president , with Eveleth and Bissell maintaining controlling interest .   Pennsylvania Rock Oil later leased its property to Seneca Oil , which under the management of Edwin Drake , drilled the first oil well in the United States and became the first to strike oil in 1859 . Bissell continued to considerably expand his and the New York investors ' land in the Titusville region , in Franklin and Petroleum Center , PA. . However , Eveleth 's life was cut short only 2 years later due to illness . Bissell went on to become known as `` the father of the American oil industry '' .   Eveleth was described as `` sage , cautious , and tenacious '' and the `` principal promoter '' of the company who made many of the major decisions . He died in New York City on December 10 , 1861 after suffering from nephritis . His son and only child , Charles W. Eveleth , died in Germany while a student at Ober Gymnasium .

neg: Economy of Alaska The 2007 gross state product was $ 44.9 billion , 45th in the nation . Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $ 40,042 , ranking 15th in the nation . The state 's economy has been described by University of Alaska Anchorage economist Scott Goldsmith as a `` three-legged stool '' - with one leg being the petroleum and gas industry , the second leg being the federal government and the third leg being all other industries and services . Between 2004 and 2006 , the federal government was responsible for 135,000 Alaska jobs , the petroleum sector provided 110,000 jobs and all other industries and services combined for 122,000 jobs .   Alaska 's main export product after oil and natural gas is seafood , primarily salmon , cod , Pollock and crab .   Agriculture represents only a fraction of the Alaskan economy . Agricultural production is primarily for consumption within the state and includes nursery stock , dairy products , vegetables , and livestock . Manufacturing is limited , with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere .   Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction , shipping , and transportation . Military bases are a significant component of the economy in both Fairbanks and Anchorage . Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy , allowing the state to keep taxes low . Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum , natural gas , coal , gold , precious metals , zinc and other mining , seafood processing , timber and wood products . There is also a growing service and tourism sector . Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging .

neg: United States Army Security Assistance Command The U.S. Army Security Assistance Command ( USASAC ) -- `` The Army 's Face to the World '' , implements Army security assistance programs , including Foreign Military Sales ( FMS ) of defense articles and services to eligible foreign governments . For example the USASAC helped provide the Iraq with weapons and ammunition , including Hellfire missiles after it requested them to respond to the increased violence in the country . The USASAC is also responsible for life cycle management of FMS cases , from pre-letter of request , development , execution and closure . Each sale to overseas customers comprise the same `` total package '' of quality material , spare parts , training , publications , technical documentation , maintenance support and other services that AMC provides to Army units . The command manages about 4,600 FMS cases valued at more than $ 134 billion .   In addition , USASAC is responsible for Army security assistance information management and financial policy , and provides logistics guidance to the Army security assistance community . Today , the Command is increasingly responding to support of U.S. government emergency assistance , humanitarian relief , and Operations Other Than War , including United Nations peacekeeping operations . USASAC 's motto is `` Strength in Cooperation . ''   Security assistance is a national program administered by the State Department . In conjunction with the White House , Congress , and the Treasury Department , military security assistance programs are executed by the Department of Defense ( DOD ) . Security assistance promotes regional stability , deters aggression , maintains alliances , and disseminates democratic values between the United States and its allies .   In carrying out the Army security assistance mission , USASAC calls on all AMC Life Cycle Management Commands , as well as other Department of Defense agencies and U.S. industry for support . USASAC is responsible for life cycle management of FMS cases , from development to execution , financial management , accounting , and settlement . Each sale of equipment to overseas customers comprises the same `` total package '' of quality materiel , spare parts , training , publications , technical documentation , maintenance support , and other services that AMC provides to U.S. Army units .   Currently , USASAC is actively engaged in the `` train and equip '' mission in both Iraq and Afghanistan as well as provides support to 21 coalition partners . It was anticipated that sales in 2008 would exceed $ 15 billion .   USASAC , which traces its origins to the Army 's technical service era , was designated a major subordinate command ( MSC ) of the U.S. Army Materiel Command in 1975 .

neg: Powder Ridge Rock Festival The Powder Ridge Rock Festival was scheduled to be held July 31 , August 1 and August 2 , 1970 at Powder Ridge Ski Area in Middlefield , Connecticut . A legal injunction forced the event to be canceled , keeping the musicians away ; but a crowd of 30,000 attendees arrived anyway , to find no food , no entertainment , no adequate plumbing , and at least seventy drug dealers . William Manchester wrote : `` Powder Ridge was an accident waiting to happen , and it happened . '' Volunteer doctor William Abruzzi declared a drug `` crisis '' on 1 August and said `` Woodstock was a pale pot scene . This is a heavy hallucinogens scene . ''

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Clay County Savings Association Building The Clay County Savings Association in Liberty , Missouri , was robbed on February 13 , 1866 , making it one of the earliest documented daylight bank robberies . The robbers escaped with at least $ 60,000 and killed a bystander outside . The robbery is believed to have been conducted by a group of former Confederate guerrillas , possibly led by Jesse James or Archie Clement , which became known as the James -- Younger Gang .   According to accounts of the day :  On the afternoon of February 13 , 1866 , `` some ten or twelve persons rode into town '' and milled outside the Clay County Savings Association building .  Two of the riders entered the bank , which was staffed only by the head cashier , Greenup Bird , and his son , William Bird , who was a bank clerk .  After asking to change a $ 10 bill , the men drew revolvers and demanded money .  William loaded the robbers ' feed sack with gold , currency , bonds , and tax stamps .  The two Birds were herded into the bank 's vault , and the robbers left the building .  As the robbers mounted to ride away , shots were fired . Accounts differ : problems with mounting a horse caused a `` commotion '' during which someone opened fire , or perhaps one of the gang fired `` without any sort of provocation whatever '' . George `` Jolly '' Wymore , a 19-year-old student from William Jewell College who was across the street , was killed by a bullet .  The gang rode away , pursued after a time by a posse of `` outraged `` ref name = History / > townspeople who `` could procure arms and horses '' .  The entire maneuver lasted no more than 15 minutes .   In total , the robbers collected at least $ 60,000 . Reportedly they collected government bonds worth $ 42,000 to $ 45,000 , $ 518 in tax stamps , gold , silver coins , and banknotes .   The bank offered a $ 5,000 reward for recovery of the money . Attempts to track the robbers were hindered by snow that covered their tracks . Articles in local newspapers implicated both former Confederate bushwackers and Kansas Redlegs of the crime . Later , some townspeople admitted to recognizing some of the robbers but withholding the information out of fear . The robbers were never caught , and no money was ever recovered . The Association eventually settled with creditors for 60 cents on the dollar and closed .   The building is located at 104 East Franklin Street , a block northeast of the Clay County Courthouse . It was built in 1859 , and is a two-story , Federal style rectangular brick building with a gable roof . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 .

neg: Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) .   Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 .   The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide .   Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .

neg: History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil .   Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States .   Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets .   Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year .   Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) .   Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .

neg: Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .

neg: Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' .   Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .

neg: Morgan Creek Productions Morgan Creek Productions is an American film studio that has released box-office hits including Young Guns , Dead Ringers , Major League , True Romance , Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Crush , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves and The Last of the Mochicans . The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth . Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO . He has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations .   In October 2014 , Morgan Creek sold the international distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios . In September 2015 , Morgan Creek began negotiating the sale of rights for the remaining territories , though they will retain remake and TV rights to the Ace Ventura , Major League , Young Guns , and Exorcist franchises . Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library , via Revolution Studios . The domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library ( with the exception of Young Guns , which still stand with Lionsgate/Vestron Video ) , have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout ! Factory .

neg: Ridgemont Equity Partners Ridgemont Equity Partners is a private equity firm focused on making investments in middle-market companies in the U.S. within certain industries such as basic industrial , energy , healthcare , telecommunications , media and technology . The firm focuses on investments of US$ 25 million to US$ 75 million .   Prior to forming Ridgemont in 2010 , the team previously had been known as BAML Capital Partners , and prior to that Bank of America Capital Investors . Since 1993 , Ridgemont and its predecessors have invested over US$ 3 billion of equity capital .   The firm is based in Charlotte , North Carolina .

neg: Rocky Mount fire of 2016 On Friday , April 16 , 2016 , a 200 acre forest fire was first reported in Shenandoah National Park in the U.S. state of Virginia . The fire originated in the area around Rocky Mount , a mountain in the south district of the park , in a remote region south of Elkton , Virginia . The fire was west of Skyline Drive , the scenic byway that runs through the park . By April 17 , the fire had spread to over 500 acre , prompting closures of Skyline Drive from mile markers 65 at Swift Run Gap to 79 at Loft Mountain . Additionally , more than a dozen hiking trails were closed , including a section of the Appalachian Trail . By Monday April 18 , officials reported that the fire had spread to over 2000 acre and that a Type 1 incident management team ( highest priority ) and several hotshot firefighting crews had been dispatched to address the situation . By Wednesday April 20 , more than 200 firefighters were on scene or en route , supported by two helicopters carrying water buckets and eight fire engines . National Park Service officials reported on the morning of April 20 that the fire had spread to 4000 acre and that 250 firefighting personnel were engaged in establishing firelines in an effort to control the blaze . By that evening , officials had reported that the fire had expanded to roughly 5616 acre and that at mile marker 76 on Skyline Drive , the fire had crossed the road and burned another 80 to . The fire was only 1 percent contained and full containment was not anticipated until April 30 because of ongoing weather conditions favoring fire growth . By the evening of Thursday , April 21 , the fire had expanded to 7935 acre and more than 300 firefighting and support personnel had been assigned to the fire . The fire expanded to 8952 acre and 342 firefighters were assigned to the fire by the evening of April 22 .   Skyline Drive road closure was extended further south to mile 87 on April 22 . By the evening of April 24 , the fire had expanded slightly from the previous day to 9386 acre . The fire was 60 percent contained and 356 firefighting and support personnel were assigned to the fire . On April 25 , total acreage burned expanded to 10376 acre , partly due to back burn efforts to burn out vegetation in the path of the main fire . The back-burn was created by dropping `` ping pong balls '' from a helicopter ; these are spheres the size of a ping pong ball filled with a flammable substance that ignites as they impact the ground . On April 28 the fire was 90 percent contained and rainfall and fog made for difficult fireline work for the firefighters , however the fire was deemed to be well within containment lines and a third of the firefighting personnel were demobilizing . Mop up of firelines and rehabilitation of trails and natural resources was expected to continue until May 3 . The final figure for acreage burned was determined to be 10326 acre ; the second largest forest fire in the history of Shenadoah National Park . On April 29 the fire was fully contained and while most hiking trails that has been closed to public access would remain closed for a few more days , Skyline Drive was reopened to public vehicular traffic .   Smoke from the fire was reportedly visible in satellite imagery , drifting southeast and causing smoke haze over portions of central Virginia . The cause of the fire is unknown , but officials report it is likely human-caused . The fire 's expansion has mainly been caused by relatively hot and dry conditions compounded by low humidity levels and moderate to occasionally gusty winds . Smoke from the fire that was drifting to the southeast on April 19 shifted to the northwest on the 20th and again to the northeast on the 21st , spreading particulates into the air over Washington , D.C. . The wind shift was due to an approaching weather front that brought only .10 inch of rain . To accommodate hikers attempting to use the Appalachian Trail , a shuttle service was set up to run every hour during normal business hours for the duration of the fire and trail closure . A no fly zone was also enacted , including prohibiting private drones from flying anywhere near the fire . The fire burned a region that has not previously experienced a fire since the creation of the park , so the area was full of dead and down wood , deep duff and overgrowth that was overdue for a large fire .

neg: What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle was a propaganda short produced by the US Army Pictoral Service in 1944 . It documents the taking of the Marshall Islands while also encouraging increased war production .   The film opens with the narrator asking `` What makes a battle ? '' while the camera is focusing on shipments of industrial transports , `` This is what it takes to make a battle . '' This statement sets up the dual nature of the entire film . War supplies are pouring in from every part of the country , from every type of American `` Republican and Democrat , white and colored . '' Industrial production is the backbone of war , according to the film , if it is destroyed , not made with quality , or not replaced in time , the battle can not happen .   Then the film abruptly changes direction , and presents a summary of the American battle plan for taking the Marshalls , how the outer islands were bombed to fool the enemy , and how a sneak attack was planned against the inner islands . But this could n't happen until all the supplies were ready . When the invasion does begin there is fierce fighting on the main islands . `` The German would have surrendered , but not the Jap ... Out of a garrison of 6000 , 230 surrender . '' Much time is spent on the Japanese POWs , and the film goes to great lengths to show how well they are treated , especially in comparison to how the Japanese treated their POWs .   Emphasis then turns again to materiel . Showing all the destroyed planes , artillery , and ammunition , all needing to be replaced by the American workforce . But at the very end , images of the dead and wounded American soldiers are shown . The narrator assures us they will never be forgotten .

neg: Hustler Casino Larry Flynt 's Hustler Casino is a casino in Gardena , California , approximately 15 miles ( 25 km ) south of Downtown Los Angeles . It is owned by Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt through his El Dorado Enterprises holding company . It has been in operation since June 22 , 2000 . Of all of Larry Flynt 's businesses the Hustler Casino is the most profitable , earning over $ 20 million annually . The Hustler Casino was built on land that was formerly occupied by the El Dorado Club , which Flynt purchased in 1998 for $ 8 million .   A major expansion was completed in February 2007 which included The Crystal Room which serves as a combination card room , conference room and poker tournament site .   Since 1997 , Flynt has hosted `` the biggest seven-card stud game in the world '' ; the game started at Flynt 's home but moved to his casino when it opened . As of April 2007 , the minimum buy-in is $ 200,000 , with $ 1000 antes and stakes of $ 2,000 - $ 4,000 . Unlike most high-stakes ring games , Flynt 's game is held in a corner of the casino 's main poker room floor . Regulars at the table include Phil Ivey , Barry Greenstein , and Ted Forrest . Another regular was Chip Reese before his death .

neg: Money creation Money creation ( also known as credit creation ) is the process by which the money supply of a country or a monetary region ( such as the Eurozone ) is increased . A central bank may introduce new money into the economy ( termed `` expansionary monetary policy '' , or by detractors `` printing money '' ) by purchasing financial assets or lending money to financial institutions . However , in most countries today , most of the money supply is in the form of bank deposits , which is created by private banks in a fractional reserve banking system . Bank lending increases the amount of broad money beyond the amount of base money originally created by the central bank . Reserve requirements , capital adequacy ratios , and other policies of the central bank influence this process .   Central banks monitor the amount of money in the economy by measuring monetary aggregates such as M2 . The effect of monetary policy on the money supply is indicated by comparing these measurements on various dates . For example , in the United States , money supply measured as M2 grew from $ 6.407 trillion in January 2005 , to $ 8.319 trillion in January 2009 .