query: Macbeth is a comedy.

pos: Macbeth Macbeth ( -LSB- məkˈbɛθ -RSB- full title The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare ; it is thought to have been first performed in 1606 . It dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake . Of all the plays that Shakespeare wrote during the reign of James I , who was patron of Shakespeare 's acting company , Macbeth most clearly reflects the playwright 's relationship with his sovereign . It was first published in the Folio of 1623 , possibly from a prompt book , and is Shakespeare 's shortest tragedy .   A brave Scottish general named Macbeth receives a prophecy from a trio of witches that one day he will become King of Scotland . Consumed by ambition and spurred to action by his wife , Macbeth murders King Duncan and takes the Scottish throne for himself . He is then wracked with guilt and paranoia . Forced to commit more and more murders to protect himself from enmity and suspicion , he soon becomes a tyrannical ruler . The bloodbath and consequent civil war swiftly take Macbeth and Lady Macbeth into the realms of madness and death .   Shakespeare 's source for the story is the account of Macbeth , King of Scotland ; Macduff ; and Duncan in Holinshed 's Chronicles ( 1587 ) , a history of England , Scotland , and Ireland familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries , although the events in the play differ extensively from the history of the real Macbeth . The events of the tragedy are usually associated with the execution of Henry Garnet for complicity in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 .   In the backstage world of theatre , some believe that the play is cursed , and will not mention its title aloud , referring to it instead as `` The Scottish Play '' . Over the course of many centuries , the play has attracted some of the most renowned actors to the roles of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth . It has been adapted to film , television , opera , novels , comics , and other media .

neg: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead , often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern , is an absurdist , existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard , first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966 . The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare 's Hamlet , the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . The action of Stoppard 's play takes place mainly `` in the wings '' of Shakespeare 's , with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original 's scenes . Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet , of which they have no direct knowledge .   Comparisons have also been drawn with Samuel Beckett 's Waiting for Godot , for the presence of two central characters who almost appear to be two halves of a single character . Many plot features are similar as well : the characters pass time by playing Questions , impersonating other characters , and interrupting each other or remaining silent for long periods of time .

neg: Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French .   The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .

neg: Macbeth (1979 film) Macbeth is a 1979 videotaped version of Trevor Nunn 's Royal Shakespeare Company production of the play by William Shakespeare . Produced by Thames Television , it features Ian McKellen as Macbeth and Judi Dench as Lady Macbeth . The TV version was directed by Philip Casson .   The original stage production was performed at The Other Place , the RSC 's small studio theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon . It had been performed in the round before small audiences , with a bare stage and simple costuming . The recording preserves this style : the actors perform on a circular set and with a mostly black background ; changes of setting are indicated only by lighting changes .

neg: English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level .   Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt .   In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It .   The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .

neg: The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 .   Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . ''   The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .

neg: The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 .   Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent .   Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's .   The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .

neg: Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author .   Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .

neg: The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592 .   The play begins with a framing device , often referred to as the induction , in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself . The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly 's diversion .   The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and Katherina , the headstrong , obdurate shrew . Initially , Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship ; however , Petruchio `` tames '' her with various psychological torments , such as keeping her from eating and drinking , until she becomes a desirable , compliant , and obedient bride . The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina 's younger sister , Bianca , who is seen as the `` ideal '' woman . The question of whether the play is misogynistic or not has become the subject of considerable controversy , particularly among modern scholars , audiences , and readers .   The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage , screen , opera , ballet , and musical theatre ; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter 's Kiss Me , Kate and the 1967 film of the play , starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . The 1999 high school comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You is also loosely based on the play .

neg: The London Prodigal The London Prodigal is a play in English Renaissance theatre , a city comedy set in London , in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways . The play was published in quarto in 1605 by the stationer Nathaniel Butter , and printed by Thomas Creede . In 1664 it was one of the seven plays that publisher Philip Chetwinde added to the second impression of his Third Folio of Shakespeare 's plays .   The play was not entered into the Stationers ' Register , but it is attributed to William Shakespeare on the title page of the first ( and only ) edition . This attribution is widely and generally rejected by scholars . The title page also identifies the play as a King 's Men 's play . ( One critic has observed that it is questionable to reject the former assertion while accepting the latter . )   The London Prodigal has been dated as early as c. 1591 , and as late as 1603 -- 4 . It is one of a long series of `` prodigal son '' plays that reach back as far as the Bible for inspiration and precedent ; but it is also an example of the evolving Elizabethian genre of domestic dramas , and `` one of the first naturalistic dramas in English '' .   Individual scholars have attributed the play to Ben Jonson , Thomas Dekker , John Marston , and Michael Drayton ; others have suggested Thomas Heywood and George Wilkins . None of these attributions , however , has been accepted by a significant proportion of the critical community .

neg: Macbeth (1909 French film) Macbeth , is a silent 1909 film adaptation of the William Shakespeare play . It was released on December 3 , 1909 . It is a silent black-and-white film with French intertitles .

neg: Macbeth (1971 film) Macbeth ( or The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a 1971 British-American historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan . A film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name , it retells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder . The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth , noted for their relative youth as actors . Themes of historic recurrence , greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to Shakespeare 's story of moral decline , which is presented in a more realistic style .   The production , funded by Playboy Enterprises , was troubled by poor weather around the British Isles , and the film was a box office bomb . Polanski 's Macbeth was screened out of competition at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . It was somewhat controversial for its depictions of graphic violence and nudity , but has also received positive attention , and was named Best Film by the National Board of Review .

neg: Dirty Water (comedy play) Dirty Water is a comedy play set in the housing additions of Glasgow , Scotland .

neg: Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish .   Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes .   Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections '   The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .

neg: Macbeth (1915 film) Macbeth is a French 1915 film adaptation of the William Shakespeare play Macbeth . It was released on December 31 , 1915 in France . It is a silent black-and-white film with French intertitles .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Prop comedy Prop comedy is a comedy genre in which performers use humorous objects , or conventional objects in humorous ways . The stages and films term `` prop '' , an abbreviation of `` property '' , refers to any object an actor handles in the course of a performance . Though some form of prop comedy has likely existed as long as there have been comedians , the genre reached its zenith in the vaudeville era . The vaudeville team Olsen and Johnson used prop comedy extensively in their long running Broadway revue Hellzapoppin .   A prop comic is a comedian who uses prop comedy . Prop comics are sometimes looked down upon by other comedians , and the term is sometimes used derisively . However , some , such as Tommy Cooper , rose to critical acclaim as their props revolved around a gimmick ( such as Cooper 's magic ) and the comedian 's character around that gimmick .

neg: Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally .   The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre .   As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work .   The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade .   For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK .   In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .

neg: MacBird! MacBird ! is a 1967 satire by Barbara Garson that superimposed the transferral of power following the Kennedy assassination onto the plot of Shakespeare 's Macbeth .   Thus John F. Kennedy becomes `` John Ken O'Dunc '' , Lyndon Johnson becomes `` MacBird '' , Lady Bird Johnson becomes `` Lady MacBird '' , and so forth . As Macbeth assassinates Duncan , so MacBird is responsible for the assassination of Ken O'Dunc ; and as Macbeth is defeated by Macduff , so MacBird is defeated by Robert Ken O'Dunc ( i.e. Robert Kennedy ) . This action is significantly influenced by the Three Witches , representing Students , Blacks , and Leftists .   In a 2006 Washington Post interview Garson said she was not seriously accusing Johnson of complicity in the Kennedy assassination :   `` People used to ask me then , ` Do you really think Johnson killed Kennedy ? ' '' Garson , now 65 , recalls . `` I never took that seriously . I used to say to people , ` If he did , it 's the least of his crimes . ' It was not what the play was about . The plot was a given . ''   The play parodies sequences from Shakespearean tragedies including Macbeth , Hamlet , and Richard III , albeit with Texas and Boston accents . The action follows MacBird from the 1960 Democratic National Convention , when he becomes John Ken O'Dunc 's Vice-President ( `` Hail , Vice-President thou art ! '' ) , to Ken O'Dunc 's assassination ( at the urging of Lady MacBird ) , to a future Robert Ken O'Dunc victory over MacBird at the 1968 convention .   Macbird ! started out as a short satirical sketch by Garson , a recent graduate of the Berkeley anti-Vietnam war movement . It was developed into a full-length play with help from writer/director Roy Levine ( and Shakespeare ) .   The production , which opened a mere three years after the Kennedy assassination , was quite controversial . It has been said that pressure from local authorities was applied to theaters in New York who were considering it . The Village Gate was the only theater willing to defy this pressure and mount the play . Macbird opened there on February 22 , 1967 , and closed on January 21 , 1968 , after 386 performances .   Roy Levine , who worked with Garson to develop the work from what was essentially a sketch to a full-length play , was the original director of Macbird ! His bold and unique theatrical vision marked the production throughout the run , although , near the end of the almost-complete previews , he was suddenly replaced by Gerald Freedman . Set design was by Clarke Dunham , costumes by Jeanne Button , and lights by Robert Brand . The stage manager was Joel Zwick .   The opening night cast included :   Stacy Keach as MacBird  Rue McClanahan as Lady MacBird ,  Paul Hecht as John Ken O'Dunc  William Devane as Robert Ken O'Dunc  John Pleshette as Ted Ken O'Dunc  John Clark as Earl of Warren  Cleavon Little as Witch 2   The original cast recorded a two-disc album of the text on February 6 , 1967 .  It was released in a boxed set with a copy of the script on the Evergreen label as Evergreen - EVR 004   John Clark left the cast early to marry Lynn Redgrave . Cleavon Little made his professional acting debut in the play . It went on to a long engagement but with a different cast in Los Angeles where ironically the next Kennedy assassination would occur on June 5 , 1968 when Robert Kennedy would be shot to death while running for the Democratic presidential nomination . There was also a `` MacBird ! '' production by San Francisco 's Committee Theater circa 1968 .

neg: Troilus and Cressida Troilus and Cressida ( -LSB- ˈtrɔɪləs_ən_ˈkrɛsᵻdə -RSB- ) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written in 1602 . It was described by Frederick S. Boas as one of Shakespeare 's problem plays . The play ends on a very bleak note with the death of the noble Trojan Hector and destruction of the love between Troilus and Cressida . The work has in recent years `` stimulated exceptionally lively critical debate '' . Throughout the play , the tone lurches wildly between bawdy comedy and tragic gloom , and readers and theatre-goers have frequently found it difficult to understand how one is meant to respond to the characters . However , several characteristic elements of the play ( the most notable being its constant questioning of intrinsic values such as hierarchy , honour and love ) have often been viewed as distinctly `` modern , '' as in the following remarks on the play by author and literary scholar Joyce Carol Oates :   Troilus and Cressida , that most vexing and ambiguous of Shakespeare 's plays , strikes the modern reader as a contemporary document -- its investigation of numerous infidelities , its criticism of tragic pretensions , above all , its implicit debate between what is essential in human life and what is only existential are themes of the twentieth century . ... This is tragedy of a special sort -- the `` tragedy '' the basis of which is the impossibility of conventional tragedy .

neg: Humour Humour ( British English ) or humor ( American English ; see spelling differences ) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement . The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks , which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body , known as humours ( Latin : humor , `` body fluid '' ) , controlled human health and emotion .   People of all ages and cultures respond to humour . Most people are able to experience humour -- be amused , smile or laugh at something funny -- and thus are considered to have a sense of humour . The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour inducing it to be inexplicable , strange , or even irrational . Though ultimately decided by personal taste , the extent to which a person finds something humorous depends on a host of variables , including geographical location , culture , maturity , level of education , intelligence and context . For example , young children may favour slapstick such as Punch and Judy puppet shows or the Tom and Jerry cartoons , whose physical nature makes it accessible to them . By contrast , more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context , and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience .


query: New York City was once a capital.

pos: New York City The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 sqmi , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world .   Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of New York State . The five boroughs -- Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island -- were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States , and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the world 's largest foreign-born population of any city . By 2016 estimates , the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States , as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) , 20.2 million residents , and the Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , 23.7 million residents . In 2013 , the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of nearly US$ 1.39 trillion . In 2012 , the CSA generated a GMP of over US$ 1.55 trillion . NYC 's MSA and CSA GDP are higher than the GDPs of all but 11 and 12 countries , respectively .   New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626 . The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother , the Duke of York . New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790 . It has been the country 's largest city since 1790 . The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability .   Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known , and the city received a record of nearly 60 million tourists in 2015 , hosting three of the world 's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013 . Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world . Times Square , iconic as the world 's `` heart '' and its `` Crossroads '' , is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District , one of the world 's busiest pedestrian intersections , and a major center of the world 's entertainment industry . The names of many of the city 's bridges , tapered skyscrapers , and parks are known around the world . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan , New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world , and the city is home to the world 's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization , the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ . Manhattan 's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world . Manhattan 's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere , with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city . Providing continuous 24/7 service , the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide , with stations in operation . Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City , including Columbia University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .

neg: United States presidential election in New York, 1884 The 1884 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1884 . All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election . New York voters chose 36 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President .   New York was won by the Democratic nominees , Governor Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana . Cleveland and Hendricks defeated the Republican nominees , former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois .   Cleveland narrowly carried New York State with a plurality of 48.25 % of the vote to Blaine 's 48.15 % , a victory margin of 0.10 % . In a distant third came the Prohibition Party candidate John St. John with 2.14 % , while Greenback Party candidate Benjamin Butler came in fourth with 1.46 % .   New York weighed in for this election as less than 1 % more Republican than the national average .   Cleveland 's narrow victory in his home state , with its 36 electoral votes , proved decisive in clinching him the 1884 election and allowing him to win the presidency . He won despite strong opposition to Cleveland from the corrupt Tammany Hall machine , which held significant influence over New York 's politics .   Cleveland performed most strongly downstate in the New York City area , where he won New York County , Kings County , Queens County , and received over 60 % of the vote in Richmond County . Cleveland also won nearby Suffolk County , Westchester County , and Rockland County . Blaine won much of upstate New York , including a victory in Erie County , home to the city of Buffalo , although Cleveland did manage to win Albany County , home to the state capital of Albany , along with several rural upstate counties .

neg: New York Guard The New York Guard '' ' is the state defense force of New York State , also called The New York State Military Reserve . , the New York Guard , a recognized command under the New York State 's Military law , has line-item funding in the state budget .   Now with a unified command structure , formerly the organization contained an Army Division and an Air Division . The missions of the New York Guard include augmentation , assistance , and support of the New York Army National Guard and New York Air National Guard respectively and aide to civil authorities in New York State . New York also has a New York Naval Militia which , with the State Guard and the Army and Air National Guards , is under the command of the Governor of New York , the Adjutant General of New York , and the Division of Military and Naval Affairs ( DMNA ) .   The New York Guard is one of the largest and best organized State Guards in the United States . It is historically derived from Revolutionary and Civil War era state military units that were reorganized several times in American history in response to various international and domestic crises .   Organized under the Military Law , State of New York , the New York Guard can not be federalized and can not be deployed outside New York State without the consent of the governor .   Members of the New York Guard are entitled to many of the benefits accorded members of other components of the ` Organized Militia of the State of New York , ' the legal collective term describing the New York Army and Air National Guards , New York Naval Militia and New York Guard . These include ` military leave ' for employees of state or local governments and many private employers .

neg: New York City mayoral elections The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year . The city , which elects the mayor as its chief executive , consists of the five boroughs ( Manhattan , The Bronx , Brooklyn , Queens and Staten Island ) , which consolidated to form `` Greater '' New York on January 1 , 1898 .   The consolidated city 's first mayor , Robert A. Van Wyck , was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897 . Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller , unconsolidated City of New York ( Manhattan , later expanded into the Bronx ) .   The current mayor , now in his first term , is Bill de Blasio . He was elected on November 5 , 2013 , to a four-year term that began on January 1 , 2014 .

neg: Long Island City Long Island City ( L.I.C. ) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens . L.I.C. is noted for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification , its waterfront parks , and its thriving arts community . L.I.C. has among the highest concentration of art galleries , art institutions , and studio space of any neighborhood in New York City . It is bordered by Astoria to the north ; the East River to the west ; Hazen Street , 49th Street , and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east ; and Newtown Creek -- which separates Queens from Greenpoint , Brooklyn -- to the south . It originally was the seat of government of the Town of Newtown , and remains the largest neighborhood in Queens . The area is part of Queens Community Board 1 , located north of the Queensboro Bridge and Queens Plaza ; it is also of Queens Community Board 2 to the south .   Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge , also known as the 59th Street Bridge , which is the only non-toll automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan . Northwest of the bridge terminus are the Queensbridge Houses , a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in North America .   __ TOC __

neg: 19th New York State Legislature The 19th New York State Legislature , consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly , met from January 6 to April 11 , 1796 , during the first year of John Jay 's governorship , in New York City .

neg: 18th New York State Legislature The 18th New York State Legislature , consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly , met from January 6 to April 9 , 1795 , during the eighteenth year of George Clinton 's governorship , first in Poughkeepsie , then in New York City .

neg: City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City .   A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states .   Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .

neg: New York Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction in the New York State Unified Court System . ( Its Appellate Division is also the highest intermediate appellate court . ) It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction , although outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction , with most criminal matters handled in County Court . There is a branch of the New York Supreme Court in each of New York 's 62 counties . Unlike in most other states , the Supreme Court is a trial court and is not the highest court in the state . The highest court of the State of New York is the Court of Appeals .

neg: Courts of New York Courts of New York include :  State courts of New York   New York Court of Appeals  New York Supreme Court , Appellate Division ( 4 departments )  New York Supreme Court ( 13 judicial districts )  New York County Court ( 57 courts , one for each county outside New York City )  New York Surrogate 's Court  New York Family Court  New York Court of Claims  New York city courts  New York City Criminal Court  New York City Civil Court  New York town and village courts   Federal courts located in New York  United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ( headquartered in Manhattan , having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Connecticut , New York , and Vermont )  United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  United States District Court for the Northern District of New York  United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  United States District Court for the Western District of New York  United States Court of International Trade ( headquartered in New York City )   Former federal courts of New York  United States District Court for the District of New York ( extinct , subdivided )

neg: Dutch Americans Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from The Netherlands in the recent or distant past . Whether intentional or not , they usually maintain connections with their Dutch heritage , by having , for example , a Dutch surname or belonging to a Dutch community group . Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam , which was exchanged with the British for the current Suriname at the treaty of Breda ( 1667 ) and renamed New York City . The British split the Dutch colony of New Netherlands into two pieces , and named them New York and New Jersey . Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries .   According to the 2013 American Community Survey , an estimated 4.5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage . Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan , California , Montana , Minnesota , New York , Wisconsin , Idaho , Utah , Iowa , Ohio , West Virginia , and Pennsylvania .

neg: The New World (newspaper) The New World was a weekly newspaper in New York City , New York , in the United States.The New World was published from October 1839 to 1845 by J. Winchester . The paper was founded and edited by Park Benjamin Sr. . It billed itself as an apolitical `` family newspaper '' , featuring British and American literature and religious discourses . The paper 's masthead reads : `` No pent-up Utica contracts our powers ; The whole unbounded Continent is ours ! , '' a quote originally attributed to Jonathan M. Sewall from his epilogue to Cato , a Tragedy in 1778 .   Notable contributions include :  Charles Dickens ' Barnaby Rudge , reprinted in 1841 in weekly installments after its original appearance in Master Humphrey 's Clock .  Thomas Carlyle 's six-part lecture series On Heroes , Hero-Worship , and The Heroic in History , printed in 1841 .  Thomas Moore 's `` Fifteen Songs , '' a collection of unpublished songs published in 1841 , which were later released in The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore .  Anna Cora Mowatt 's complete play , Gulzara or The Persian Slave : 1 drama in Five Acts , in 1841 .  E.P. Hurlbut 's `` The Rights of Woman , '' later published in his work , Essays on Human Rights and their Political Gauranties in 1845 . Hurlbut knew Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 follows many of the examples set forth in `` The Rights of Woman . ''  G.P.R. James ' complete novels , The Jacquerie and Morley Ernstein ; or , The Tenants of the Heart , both published in extra editions in 1842 .  Sarah Stickney Ellis ' complete novel , Summer and Winter in the Pyrenees .

neg: Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east .   Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States .   The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years .   By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .

neg: New York City ethnic enclaves Since its founding in 1625 by Dutch traders as New Amsterdam , New York City has been a major destination for immigrants of many nationalities who have formed ethnic enclaves , neighborhoods dominated by one ethnicity . Freed African American slaves also moved to New York City in the Great Migration and the later Second Great Migration and formed ethnic enclaves . These neighborhoods are set apart from the main city by differences such as food , goods for sale , or even language . Ethnic enclaves provide inhabitants security in work and social opportunities , but limit economic opportunities , do not encourage the development of English speaking , and keep immigrants in their own culture .   , 36 % of the population of New York City are immigrants .  African Americans , Haitian Americans , Jamaican Americans , Indo-Caribbean Americans , and Trinidadian Americans have all formed Caribbean ethnic enclaves in New York . Asian ethnic groups with enclaves in New York include Chinese Americans , Japanese Americans , Filipino Americans , Indian Americans , Indo-Caribbean Americans , Afghan Americans , Burmese Americans , Bangladeshi Americans , Nepalese Americans , Sri Lankan Americans , Bhutanese Americans , Thai Americans , Pakistani Americans , Indonesian Americans , Malaysian Americans , Taiwanese Americans , and Korean Americans . European ethnic groups with ethnic enclaves include Greek Americans , Irish Americans , Italian Americans , Albanian Americans , Jewish Americans , Polish Americans , and Russian Americans . Latin American groups with ethnic enclaves include Dominican Americans , Guyanese , Salvadoran American , Ecuadorian American , Mexican Americans , and Puerto Ricans . Middle Eastern ethnic groups that have formed ethnic enclaves include Palestinian Americans , Jordanian Americans , Egyptian Americans , Syrian Americans and Lebanese Americans . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world .

neg: Great Fire of New York (1776) The Great Fire of New York was a devastating fire that burned through the night of September 20 -- 21 , 1776 and into the morning of September 21 , on the West Side of what then constituted New York City at the southern end of the island of Manhattan . It broke out in the early days of the military occupation of the city by British forces during the American Revolutionary War .   The fire destroyed about one third of the city and some unburned parts of the city were plundered . Many people believed or assumed that one or more people deliberately started the fire , for a variety of different reasons . British leaders accused revolutionaries acting within the city and state , and many residents assumed that one side or the other had started it . The fire had long-term effects on the British occupation of the city , which did not end until 1783 .

neg: Jacob Leisler Jacob Leisler ( ca. 1640 -- May 16 , 1691 ) was a German-born colonist in the Province of New York . He gained wealth in New Amsterdam ( later New York City ) in the fur trade and tobacco business . In what became known as Leisler 's Rebellion following the English Revolution of 1688 , he took control of the city , and ultimately the entire province , from appointees of deposed King James , in the name of the Protestant accession of William and Mary .   Beginning in 1689 , Leisler led an insurrection and seized control of the city by taking over Fort James at the lower end of Manhattan . He took over control of the entire province , appointing himself as acting Lieutenant Governor of the Province of New York , which he retained until March 1691 , refusing to yield power until the newly appointed governor himself finally arrived . While Leisler claimed to have acted to support the Protestant accession against Jacobite officeholders in New York , he was arrested by the newly appointed governor of New York in March 1691 . With opponents active against him , he was condemned and executed in New York City for treason against the English monarchs William and Mary . His estate was forfeited to the Crown .   During his period of control , Leisler completed a major purchase of property from John Pell , lord of Pelham Manor , to set up a French Huguenot settlement north of Manhattan . This developed as the city of New Rochelle , New York .   Leisler 's son and supporters found the trial and conviction most unjust ; it was mounted by his enemies . They worked to gain clearing of the names of Leisler and Milborne and restoration of their estates to their heirs , which was achieved in 1695 by an act of Parliament . Remains of the two men were reinterred with honors at the Dutch Reformed Church in Manhattan .

neg: New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol , the seat of New York State government , is located in Albany , the capital city of the U.S. state of New York . The capitol building is part of the Empire State Plaza complex on State Street in Capitol Park . Housing the New York State Legislature , the building was completed in 1899 at a cost of US$ 25 million ( equivalent to $ million in ) , making it the most expensive government building of its time . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 , then included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was listed in 1978 . The New York State Capitol was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1979 .

neg: Biltmore Conference The Biltmore Conference , also known by its resolution as the Biltmore Program , was a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy with its demand `` that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth . '' The meeting was held in New York City at the prestigious Biltmore Hotel from May 6 to May 11 , 1942 with 600 delegates and Zionist leaders from 18 countries attending . The Biltmore Program has been described by a number of historians as `` a virtual coup d'etat '' within the Zionist movement , in which more moderate leaders were replaced with leaders with more aggressive goals .   Prior to Biltmore , official Zionism steadfastly refused to formulate the ultimate aim of the movement preferring instead to concentrate on the practical task of building the Jewish National Home . The Biltmore Program became the official Zionist stand on the ultimate aim of the movement . According to Ben-Gurion , the `` first and essential '' stage of the program was the immigration of two million additional Jews to Palestine , a target which later became official Zionist policy after being revised downwards in the One Million Plan . There was no reference to the Arab population of Palestine , and , according to Anita Shapira , marked a transition to the view that conflict was inevitable between the Arabs and Jews , and could only resolved by the sword .   The major shift at Biltmore was prompted by intense common opposition to the British White Paper of 1939 , which interpreted the terms of the Mandate in a way that would freeze `` the Jewish community to a permanent minority status , '' and the then-current war negative situation . It was also prompted by the realization that America would play a larger part in fulfillment of Zionist designs after the war .   Official Zionism 's firm , unequivocal stand did not please every one , however . The pro-British Chaim Weizmann had bristled at them and bi-nationalists such as Henrietta Szold and Judah L. Magnes rejected them and broke off to establish their own party , Ichud ( Unification ) , that advocated an Arab -- Jewish Federation . Opposition to the Biltmore Program also lead to the founding of the anti-Zionist American Council for Judaism .   Various Zionist organizations were represented in the American Emergency Committee of Zionist Affairs , which called an `` Extraordinary Zionist Conference '' as a substitute for the full ( 22nd ) Zionist Congress which had been cancelled due to World War II . Attendees included Chaim Weizmann , as President of the World Zionist Organization , David Ben-Gurion as Chairman of the Jewish Agency Executive , and Nahum Goldmann as a member of the Executive of the Zionist Organization of America . The four main organisations of American Jewry represented were : the Zionist Organization of America , Hadassah , Mizrahi , and Poale Zion . Among the American organizers was Reform Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver .

neg: New Spain New Spain ( Nueva España ) was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire , in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama . It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521 , and following additional conquests , it was made a viceroyalty ( Spanish : virreinato ) in 1535 . The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas , it comprised Mexico , Central America , much of the Southwestern and Central United States , and Spanish Florida as well as the Philippines , Guam , Mariana and Caroline Islands .   After 1535 the colony was governed by the Viceroy of New Spain , an appointed minister of the King of Spain , who ruled as monarch over the colony . The capital of New Spain was Mexico City .   New Spain lost parts of its territory to other European powers and independence , but the core area remained under Spanish control until 1821 , when it achieved independence as the Mexican Empire -- when the latter dissolved , it became modern Mexico and Central America . It developed highly regional divisions , which reflect the impact of climate , topography , the presence or absence of dense indigenous populations , and the presence or absence of mineral resources . The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social , political , and economic organization . The northern area of Mexico , a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations , was not generally conducive to dense settlements , but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines . Silver mining not only became the engine of the economy of New Spain , but vastly enriched Spain , and transformed the global economy . New Spain was the New World terminus of the Philippine trade , making the viceroyalty a vital link between Spain 's New World empire and its Asian empire .

neg: New York City draft riots The New York draft riots ( July 13 -- 16 , 1863 ) , known at the time as Draft Week , were violent disturbances in Lower Manhattan , widely regarded as the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War . The riots remain the largest civil and racial insurrection in American history , aside from the Civil War itself .   U.S. President Abraham Lincoln diverted several regiments of militia and volunteer troops from following up after the Battle of Gettysburg to control the city . The rioters were overwhelmingly working-class men , who resented that wealthier men , who could afford to pay a $ 300 ( equivalent to $ 9,157 in 2017 ) commutation fee to hire a substitute , were spared from the draft .   Initially intended to express anger at the draft , the protests turned into a race riot , with white rioters , predominantly Irish immigrants , attacking blacks throughout the city . The official death toll was listed at either 119 or 120 individuals . Conditions in the city were such that Major General John E. Wool , commander of the Department of the East , said on July 16 that `` Martial law ought to be proclaimed , but I have not a sufficient force to enforce it . ''   The military did not reach the city until after the first day of rioting , by which time the mobs , primarily ethnic Irish , had already ransacked or destroyed numerous public buildings , two Protestant churches , the homes of various abolitionists or sympathizers , many black homes , and the Colored Orphan Asylum at 44th Street and Fifth Avenue , which was burned to the ground .   The area 's demographics changed as a result of the riot . Many blacks left Manhattan permanently ( many moving to Brooklyn ) . By 1865 their population fell below 10,000 , the number in 1820 .

neg: Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan , also known as Downtown Manhattan , is the southernmost part of Manhattan , the central borough for business , culture , and government in the City of New York , which itself originated at the southern tip of Manhattan Island in 1624 .


query: Jon Pertwee and Max Wall worked together.

pos: Jon Pertwee John Devon Roland Pertwee ( 7 July 1919 -- 20 May 1996 ) , known professionally as Jon Pertwee , was an English actor , entertainer and cabaret performer .   Pertwee is most known for starring as the Third Doctor in the science-fiction series Doctor Who between 1970 and 1974 . Pertwee also spent 18 years ( 1959 -- 1977 ) playing Chief petty officer Pertwee in The Navy Lark on BBC Radio . He later played the title character in the series Worzel Gummidge from 1979 to 1981 , and again from 1987 to 1989 .   As an actor , Pertwee appeared in many comedy roles and was once described as having `` rubbery features and ability to affect silly voices '' . Earlier in his career , Pertwee had worked as a vaudeville comedian , performed at the Glasgow Empire Theatre and shared a bill with Max Wall and Jimmy James . Towards the end of his life , he performed to audiences in a one-man show called Who Is Jon Pertwee ? .

neg: Who's Been Writing on the Wall Again `` Who 's Been Writing on the Wall Again '' is a song written by Barry Gibb in 1965 . It was first recorded by Jenny Bradley and was released in 1965 on Leedon Records .   Bradley was only 10 or 11 years old when the song was recorded . Like the Gibb brothers , she first appeared on the Australian television and then signed to Leedon . It was Bradley 's third single . The B-side `` Chubby '' was also written by Barry himself .   Contrary to belief it was never recorded by the Bee Gees but was included in Assault the Vaults - Rare Australian Cover Versions Of The Brothers Gibb in 1998 . It was also included on the Swan Songs - Rare Recordings Volume 1 .

neg: William Wall (writer) William `` Bill '' Wall ( born 1955 ) is an Irish novelist , poet and short story writer . He was born in Cork City in 1955 , but grew up in the coastal village of Whitegate . He received his secondary education at the Christian Brothers School in Midleton . He progressed to University College Cork where he graduated in Philosophy and English . He taught as an English and drama teacher at Presentation Brothers College , Cork , where he inspired Cillian Murphy to enter acting .

neg: The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 .   The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .

neg: Party wall A party wall ( occasionally parti-wall or parting wall , also known as common wall ) is a dividing partition between two adjoining buildings ( or units ) that is shared by the tenants of each residence or business . When built for this purpose , the builder will lay the wall along a property line dividing two terraced flats or row houses , so that one half of the wall 's thickness lies on each property . This type of wall is usually structural . Party walls can also be formed by two abutting walls built at different times . The term can be also used to describe a division between separate units within a multi-unit apartment complex . Very often the wall in this case is non-structural but designed to meet established criteria for sound and/or fire protection between residential units .   Party walls are typically made of non-combustible material . Where required by code , the party wall could be a firewall . The wall starts at the foundation and continues up to a parapet , creating two separate and structurally independent buildings on either side .

neg: Wall of Love The Wall of Love ( Le mur des je t ` aime , lit . the I Love You Wall ) is a love-themed 40 m2 wall in the Jehan Rictus garden square in Montmartre , Paris , France . The wall was created in 2000 by calligraphist Fédéric Baron and mural artist Claire Kito and is composed of 612 tiles of enamelled lava , on which the phrase `` I love you '' is featured 311 times in 250 languages . Each tile is 21 × . The red splashes on the wall symbolize parts of a broken heart .   The wall is open to public free of charge .

neg: The Critic The Critic is an American prime time animated series revolving around the life of New York film critic Jay Sherman , voiced by actor Jon Lovitz . It was created by writing partners Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously worked as writers and showrunners ( seasons 3 and 4 ) on The Simpsons . The Critic had 23 episodes produced , first broadcast on ABC in 1994 , and finishing its original run on Fox in 1995 . According to PopMatters , `` the creators -LSB- said -RSB- they intended the series as their ` love letter to New York . ' ''   Episodes featured movie parodies with notable examples including a musical version of Apocalypse Now , Howard Stern 's End ( Howards End ) , Honey , I Ate the Kids ( Honey , I Shrunk the Kids/The Silence of the Lambs ) , The Cockroach King ( The Lion King ) , Abe Lincoln : Pet Detective ( Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ) , Scent of a Jackass and Scent of a Wolfman ( Scent of a Woman ) . The show often referenced popular movies such as Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory and The Godfather , and routinely lampooned actor Marlon Brando and actor/director Orson Welles . They also spoofed Dudley Moore , usually as his character Arthur Bach from the 1981 film Arthur .   Despite the ratings improving , The Critic was cancelled after two seasons . It continued to air through reruns on Comedy Central and then on Locomotion . From February 1 , 2000 to 2001 , ten webisodes were later produced using Adobe Shockwave , and were broadcast on AtomFilms.com and Shockwave.com . In 2004 , the DVD box set was released , which includes all 23 TV episodes ( in their original production order ) and the webisodes .   In the late 2000s , reruns of the show aired again on ReelzChannel in the US and on Teletoon 's programming block Teletoon at Night in Canada . As of 2016 , the first season can be viewed for free on Crackle .

neg: Studio Wall Studio Wall ( 1872 ) is an oil painting by the German artist Adolph Menzel , now in the collection of the Hamburger Kunsthalle . It is considered one of the `` masterpieces of Menzel 's maturity '' , and the artist deemed it his best painting .   The painting depicts a red colored wall of the artist 's studio at night , upon which are hung a series of plaster casts illuminated from below . The casts include portrait busts , death masks and life masks of friends of the artist , children , classical personae such as Dante , Schiller , and possibly Goethe or Wagner , a dog , and male and female torsos ; art historian Werner Hofmann saw this assemblage as a conscious blurring of `` the dividing line between fame and anonymity . '' Numerous commentators have noted that the array of dramatically lit casts `` convey an uncanny impression of quasi-animateness . ''   Studio Wall was preceded by a work of the same title painted in 1852 , an oil on paper now in the Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin . That painting features casts of two arms and a separate hand , the arms arranged so as to suggest a relationship to a body from which they have been removed .   Studio Wall is also seen as related to Menzel 's larger painting Iron Rolling Mill ( 1872 -- 1875 ) , for which it may have served as a study in dramatic lighting , yet it has greater import than that of a merely preparatory exercise , and may have functioned as a kind of memorial : the central death mask is that of the artist 's friend Friedrich Eggers , the first critic sympathetic to Menzel 's work . Eggers died in August 1872 , and the painting is dated from October of that year . A contemplation on the transience of life , Studio Wall is also a bravura piece of alla prima painting .   Interpretations of the work vary greatly . For art historian Julius Meier-Graefe , Studio Wall was a harmonious example of pictorial unity ; to the contrary , Hofmann saw the painting as a `` coded manifesto '' , a rejection by Menzel of academic canons in favor of an aesthetic that celebrated the fragmentary and disjointed , and symbolic of the triumph of painting over sculpture . Fried rejects Hofman 's view of fragmentariness and anti-academicism , seeing the picture as a structured composition of objects arranged in successive rows . For Fried the likeliest allegorical meaning would be the sublimation of tangible existence to that of `` phantasmagorias '' , a world inhabited by ghosts in the form of plaster casts .

neg: C. T. C. Wall Charles Terence Clegg `` Terry '' Wall ( born 14 December 1936 ) is a British mathematician , educated at Marlborough and Trinity College , Cambridge . He is an emeritus professor of the University of Liverpool , where he was first appointed professor in 1965 . From 1978 to 1980 he was the president of the London Mathematical Society .

neg: Beetham Tower, Manchester Beetham Tower ( also known as the Hilton Tower ) is a landmark 47-storey mixed-use skyscraper in Manchester , England . Completed in 2006 , it is named after its developers , the Beetham Organisation , and was designed by SimpsonHaugh and Partners . The development occupies a sliver of land at the top of Deansgate , hence its elongated plan and was proposed in July 2003 with construction starting a year later . At a height of 554 ft , it is the tallest building in the United Kingdom outside London and 10th tallest building in the United Kingdom . It has been described by the Financial Times as `` the UK 's only proper skyscraper outside London '' . Consequently , it is the tallest building in Manchester however construction commenced in July 2016 on Tower 1 at Owen Street which will surpass the Beetham Tower as the tallest building in Manchester when completed in 2019 with a height of 659 ft.   As a result of the elongated floor plan , the structure is one of the thinnest skyscrapers in the world with a height to width ratio of 10:1 on the east-west façade but is noticeably wider on the north-south façade . A blade structure on the south side of the building acts as a façade overrun accentuating its slim form and doubles as a lightning rod . The skyscraper is visible from ten English counties on a clear day . The top-floor penthouse offers views of Greater Manchester , the Cheshire Plain , the Pennines , the Peak District and Snowdonia . The tower is known for emitting a loud unintentional hum or howl in windy weather , believed to emanate from the glass ` blade ' atop the building . The hum has been recorded as a B below middle C and can be heard over large parts of the locality .   Architectural response to the skyscraper is polarised and interpretations vary . The cantilever bears the load of the north façade symbolically representing the historical strength and revival of post-industrial Manchester following economic decline in the 1980s and the 1996 Manchester bombing . Some questioned its dominant appearance over the city -- particularly over listed buildings with one author going as far to say the skyscraper instantly `` torpedoed '' any possibility of Manchester becoming a UNESCO World Heritage city - a status Manchester was previously on the United Kingdom shortlist for due its industrial past . Others feel its dramatic appearance and peculiarity is reflective of Manchester and that the Beetham Tower symbolises Manchester 's reinvention as a post-industrial city . Nevertheless , it has received praise and was awarded the best tall building in the world in 2007 by the Council for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat .

neg: Wall (surname) Wall is a surname . Notable people with the surname include :   Anthony Wall ( born 1975 ) , English golfer  Anthony Wall ( film-maker ) ( avtivr 1980 -- 2008 ) , English documentary film maker  Anthony Wall ( RAF officer ) ( 1888 -- 1989 ) , British pilot  Art Wall , Jr. ( 1923 -- 2011 ) , American golfer  Barbara Wall ( born 1948 ) , Australian squash player  Brad Wall ( born 1965 ) , Canadian politician  Carol Wall ( born circa 1953 ) , Canadian politician  C. T. C. Wall ( born 1946 ) , British mathematician  Daniel E. Wall ( active since 1995 ) , American civil servant  Derek Wall ( active since 1979 ) , British politician  Donald Dines Wall ( 1921 -- 2000 ) , American mathematician  Donne Wall ( born 1967 ) , American baseballer  Frank Wall ( 1868 -- 1960 ) , Sri Lankan and Indian physician and herpetologist  Frank Wall ( Australian politician ) ( 1879 -- 1941 ) , Australian politician  Frank Wall ( politician ) ( active 1981 -- 1991 ) , Irixh politician  Frank Wall ( steamboat engineer ) ( 1810 -- 1896 ) , American engineer  Garret D. Wall ( 1783 -- 1850 ) , American military officer and politician  George Wall ( 1885 -- 1962 ) , Engish footballer  George Wall ( planter ) ( 1820 -- 1894 ) , Sri Lankan merchant , politician and scientist  Gerard Wall ( 1920 -- 1992 ) , New Zuealand politician  Jack Wall ( disambiguation ) , several people  James Charles Wall ( 1860 -- 1943 ) , British historian  James S. Wall ( born 1964 ) , American religious leader  James Walter Wall ( 1820 -- 1872 ) , American politician  Jamie Wall ( born 1977 ) , British auto racing driver  Jeannie Wall ( born 1969 ) , American ski mountaineer  Jeff Wall ( born 1946 ) , Canadian artist  John Wall ( disambiguation ) , several people  Joseph Wall ( disambiguation ) , several people  Larry Wall ( born 1949 ) , American programmer  Lucille Wall ( 1898 -- 1986 ) , American actress  Lyndsay Wall ( born 1985 ) , American ice hockey player  Martin Dingle-Wall ( born 1971 ) , Australian actor  Max Wall ( 1908 -- 1990 ) , English actor  Mervyn Wall ( 1908 -- 1997 ) , Irish writer  Pat Wall ( 1933 -- 1990 ) , English politician  Patrick Wall ( 1916 -- 1998 ) , British military and politician  Paul Wall ( born 1981 ) , American rapper  Ricardo Wall ( 1694 -- 1777 ) , Irish-Spanish politician  Richard Wall ( 21st century ) , Irish actor  Robert Wall ( disambiguation ) , several people  Shady Wall ( 1922 -- 1985 ) , American politician  Shannon J. Wall ( 1919 -- 2007 ) , American seaman and labour leader  Sir Stephen Wall ( born 1947 ) , British diplomat  Tim Wall ( 1904 -- 1981 ) , American cricketer  Thomas Wall ( active 1781 ) , American theater administrator  Thomas Wall ( Wisconsin politician ) ( 1840 -- after 1883 ) , American politician  Travis Wall ( born 1987 ) , American dancer  William Wall ( disambiguation ) , several people

neg: Jay Walljasper Jay Walljasper is an American writer and speaker . He explores how new ideas in urban planning , tourism , community development , sustainability , politics and culture can improve our lives as well as the world .

neg: Liverpool Wall of Fame The Liverpool Wall of Fame on Mathew Street , Liverpool , England , in front of the Cavern Club is a litany of , and a tribute to , the groups which played at the original Cavern Club , including acts from the city which have reached number one in the UK Singles Chart . The wall also features a disc for every Liverpool musical act that had a number one hit .   It was unveiled on 14 March 2001 by Lita Roza , whose song '' ( How Much Is ) That Doggie in the Window ? '' was the first Liverpool based act 's song to reach number one in the UK . It features 54 Liverpool number 1 UK chart hits since 1952 , and also incorporates an award winning musical themed seat .   The wall is dominated by The Beatles , who have 17 discs thereon .

neg: Jon Avnet Jonathan Michael Avnet ( born November 17 , 1949 ) , better known as Jon Avnet , is an American director , writer and producer .

neg: Max Burnett Max Burnett ( born July 24 , 1969 in Dallas , Texas ) is a screenwriter , director , and producer who has been active in film and television since 1991 . He directed the football sleeper hit Possums in 1998 . In 2008 he created and executive produced the Nickelodeon series `` The Troop '' along with Chris Morgan and Greg Coolidge . Filmed in Vancouver , The Troop started airing in the fall of 2009 . He won a Writers Guild of America Awards 2009 for his pilot script of the Troop entitled `` Welcome to the Jungle '' and was nominated for another Writers Guild of America Awards 2011 for his Troop script `` Oh , Brother . '' Max is the older brother of composer Justin Burnett .

neg: The Works of Max Beerbohm The Works of Max Beerbohm was the first book published by English caricaturist , essayist and parodist Max Beerbohm . It was published in 1896 when Beerbohm was aged 24 .   A collection of Beerbohm 's essays from the 1890s written while he was still a student at Oxford and which had originally been printed in The Yellow Book , The Savoy , The Pageant , The Chap Book , and other notable periodicals , the book was published in London by John Lane at The Bodley Head in 1896 , and launched Beerbohm 's career as an essayist .   The book contains Beerbohm 's notorious essay A Defence of Cosmetics , which had appeared in the first number of The Yellow Book in April 1894 , revised and renamed The Pervasion of Rouge .   `` Replete with mock-scholarly footnotes and biographical information , The Works epitomizes Beerbohm 's penchant for deflating pretentiousness with satiric imitation , '' wrote Ann Adams Cleary in the Dictionary of Literary Biography . `` Anything large - ideas , ideals , literary works , London crowds - caused him dismay . ''   In this , his first book , the 24-year-old Beerbohm announced gravely that he would now retire from letters , having said all there was to say . Of course , he did not .   A limited edition of 780 copies , signed and numbered by the author , was issued in 1922 , with 750 being offered for sale , while the remaining 30 were for presentation .

neg: Wacky WallWalker The Wacky WallWalker was a toy molded out of a sticky elastomer . It was shaped similar to an octopus , and when thrown against a wall would `` walk '' its way down . It was a hugely popular toy in the early 1980s .   Before its introduction in the United States , Ken Hakuta received in the mail several sticky octopus-like toys from his mother , who lived in Japan . They were intended for his children , but Hakuta found himself fascinated with the toy , which was called Tako in Japan . He realized their marketing potential , and after purchasing rights to the product in 1983 for $ 5,000 , he began to market them locally in Washington , D.C. , dubbing them `` Wacky WallWalkers '' . Their popularity was mediocre , until Nina Hyde of The Washington Post wrote a feature story on them . This created a buzz , and people in the Washington area flooded local stores to purchase them . Within the next several months , hundreds of media outlets ran stories on them , creating one of the biggest selling fads of all time . As the fad began to decline , over 240 million Wacky WallWalkers had been sold , raking in about 80 million dollars .   The popular toy was featured in the 1983 animated Christmas special Deck the Halls with Wacky Walls , starring the voices of Daws Butler , Tress MacNeille , and Marvin Kaplan . The show featured seven Wallwalkers from the planet Kling-Kling : Big Blue , Springette , Bouncing Baby Boo , Crazylegs , Stickum , Wacko , and their leader , Kling-Kling . One character in the special was modeled after Hakuta 's son , Kenzo .   The Wacky WallWalker was referenced in The Simpsons `` Treehouse of Horror XXII '' 's Avatar parody when the female alien hit a tree and `` walked '' down it in the manner of the Wacky WallWalker . The Wacky WallWalker was similarly referenced in an episode of Family Guy , when Peter Griffin draws faces on an octopus tank , only to have the glass break , and is subsequently saved by Seamus Levine who throws the octopus on the wall .

neg: Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia .   Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members .   The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others .   In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network .   David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing .   In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta .   Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects .   In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre .   In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores .   In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience .  Official Website   Category : Theatres in Atlanta

neg: Scot J. Paltrow Scot J. Paltrow is an American journalist . A financial journalist , Paltrow currently works for Reuters .   Paltrow is from New York . He received his bachelor 's degree from the Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences and a master 's degree from the London School of Economics .   Paltrow 's journalism career began in 1977 when he joined the Memphis Commercial Appeal as a reporter . The following year , he joined the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner , where his investigative series on corruption in Industry , California , `` The City of Insiders , '' resulted in federal and state criminal probes and several convictions .   In 1981 , Paltrow moved to the Washington Star , where he covered federal courts . After the Star shut down the same year , Paltrow moved to the Wall Street Journal , where he was a reporter in the Los Angeles bureau . In 1985 , Paltrow became a European correspondent for the Journal based in Brussels . In April 1988 , Paltrow returned to the United States as New York financial bureau chief for the Los Angeles Times . During this period he did numerous investigative stories on Wall Street investment banks , markets and the insurance industry . '' While at the Times , Paltrow won a 1993 George Polk Award for Financial Reporting . Paltrow returned to the Wall Street Journal in May 1997 and served as senior special writer based in New York and writes for the paper 's Washington bureau .   In 2007 , following Rupert Murdoch 's purchase of Dow Jones & Company ( which owns the Wall Street Journal ) , Paltrow left the paper and joined Condé Nast 's Portfolio.com as a contributing editor , starting September 1 , 2007 , following another longtime Journal journalist who moved to Portfolio.com , Peter Waldman .   In September 2010 , Paltrow moved to Reuters , where he and fellow financial journalist Mark Hosenball were brought on as `` key hires '' in an effort to expand Reuters ' `` coverage of business , Wall Street and Washington . '' Paltrow joined Reuters to cover `` financial crimes , specifically covering criminal and civil investigations related to the financial crisis , as well as the effort to more closely regulate and police the financial world . '' In 2012 , Paltrow won a Society of American Business Editors and Writers Best in Business Awards in the Explanatory/News Agency category for his investigation into banks ' use of robo-signing .   Paltrow has written a report , The Case for a Stronger Federal Role in Insurance Regulation : Weak State Regulation Highlights the Need for Federal Oversight of Health Premiums , for the Center for American Progress Action Fund .   Paltrow has received a Gerald Loeb Award . Paltrow won 1992 and 1993 John Hancock Awards for Excellence in Business & Financial Journalism , the 1994 Los Angeles Times Editorial Award , the Unity Award in Media , and a 2001 Deadline Club Award from New York City Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists .

neg: The Wall (1957 song) `` The Wall '' is a popular song , written by Oramay Diamond , Clyde Otis , and Dave Dreyer .   It was most successfully popularized by Patti Page in 1957 .  The Page recording was issued by Mercury Records as catalog number 71059 , ( the flip side of `` A Poor Man 's Roses ( or a Rich Man 's Gold ) '' ) and first reached the Billboard chart on March 6 , 1957 , lasting 6 weeks and peaking at # 43 .   Other 1957 recordings were made by Eileen Rodgers as Columbia Records catalog number 40850 ( which peaked at # 64 ) , and by Brook Benton as Epic Records 9199 .   Shirley Bassey recorded the track at this time whilst in New York City , and it was issued in 1959 on the album The Bewitching Miss Bassey . The song can be found on an CD compilation album called Easy To Love issued by Motif Records in 2010 , which features the later Bassey recordings for the Philips Records label .   On the Cash Box Best-Selling Records charts , where multiple versions of a song were always combined , the song lasted 5 weeks and peaked at # 42 .   Category :1957 songs  Category : Songs written by Clyde Otis  Category : Songs with music by Dave Dreyer

neg: Max and Moritz Max and Moritz ( A Story of Seven Boyish Pranks ) ( original : Max und Moritz - Eine Bubengeschichte in sieben Streichen ) is a German language illustrated story in verse . This highly inventive , blackly humorous tale , told entirely in rhymed couplets , was written and illustrated by Wilhelm Busch and published in 1865 . It is among the early works of Busch , nevertheless it already features many substantial , effectually aesthetic and formal regularities , procedures and basic patterns of Busch 's later works . Many familiar with comic strip history consider it to have been the direct inspiration for the Katzenjammer Kids and Quick & Flupke . The German title satirizes the German custom of giving a subtitle to the name of dramas in the form of `` Ein Drama in ... Akten '' ( A Drama in ... Acts ) , which became dictum in colloquial usage for any event with an unpleasant or dramatic course , e.g. `` Bundespräsidentenwahl - Drama in drei Akten '' ( Federal Presidential Elections - Drama in Three Acts ) .