query: John Lennon died after 1987.

pos: John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon , ( born John Winston Lennon ; 9 October 19408 December 1980 ) was an English guitarist , singer , and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles , the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music . He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership .   Born and raised in Liverpool , Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager ; his first band , the Quarrymen , first became the Silver Beatles , and finally , evolved into the Beatles in 1960 . When the group disbanded in 1970 , Lennon embarked on a sporadic solo career that produced albums including John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine , and songs such as `` Give Peace a Chance '' , `` Working Class Hero '' , and `` Imagine '' . After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969 , he added `` Ono '' as one of his middle names . Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean , but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy . He was murdered three weeks after its release .   Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music , writing , drawings , on film and in interviews . Controversial through his political and peace activism , he moved to Manhattan in 1971 , where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon 's administration to deport him , while some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture .   By 2012 , Lennon 's solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and , as writer , co-writer , or performer , he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart . In 2002 , a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and , in 2008 , Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time . He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 , and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist .

neg: Seltaeb Seltaeb was a company set up in 1963 , by Nicky Byrne ( né Douglas Anthony Nicholas Byrne ) to exclusively look after merchandising interests on behalf of Brian Epstein , who managed NEMS Enterprises and The Beatles : John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr .   Directly prior to The Beatles ' first American visit , Brian Epstein wanted someone to manage the escalating volume of merchandising requests that NEMS found itself unable to cope with , and asked his lawyer , David Jacobs , to oversee this task . Jacobs knew Nicky Byrne and asked him if he would be interested in taking over the merchandising subdivision from NEMS altogether , paying NEMS a commission . Byrne accepted the offer subject to a 90 % rate , leaving only 10 % for the Beatles and NEMS combined . Completely unaware of the potential market that existed , particularly in America , Epstein agreed to the deal , and subsequently lost The Beatles an estimated $ 100,000,000 in possible income .   In December 1963 Byrne took over the control of Stramsact in the UK , and then set up Seltaeb ( Beatles spelt backwards ) in the United States . Epstein was able to renegotiate a more favourable commission of 49 % in August 1964 , but then became embroiled in a three-year court battle with Byrne regarding payment of monies due , during which time potential sponsors lost interest . In August 1967 Epstein died , from what was ruled an accidental overdose of a prescribed drug . Jacobs was found hanged in his garage on 15 December 1968 . Byrne later retired to the Bahamas .

neg: Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 .   In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .

neg: Yoko Ono Yoko Ono ( born February 18 , 1933 ) is a Japanese multimedia artist , singer , songwriter , and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking . She performs in both English and Japanese . She is the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles .   Ono grew up in Tokyo and studied at Gakushuin . She withdrew from her course after two years and rejoined her family in New York in 1953 . She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College , and then became involved in New York City 's downtown artists scene , including the Fluxus group . She first met Lennon in 1966 at her own art exhibition in London , and they became a couple in 1968 . With their performance Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal in 1969 , Ono and Lennon famously used their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War . She brought feminism to the forefront in her music , influencing artists as diverse as the B-52s and Meredith Monk . Ono achieved commercial and critical acclaim in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy , a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his death .   Public appreciation of Ono 's work has shifted over time , helped by a retrospective at a Whitney Museum branch in 1989 and the 1992 release of the six-disc box set Onobox . Retrospectives of her artwork have also been presented at the Japan Society in New York City in 2001 , in Bielefeld , Germany , and the UK in 2008 , Frankfurt , and Bilbao , Spain , in 2013 and MOMA in New York City in 2015 . She received a Golden Lion Award for lifetime achievement from the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the 2012 Oskar Kokoschka Prize , Austria 's highest award for applied contemporary art .   As Lennon 's widow , Ono works to preserve his legacy . She funded Strawberry Fields in Manhattan 's Central Park , the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland , and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama , Japan ( which closed in 2010 ) . She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts , peace , Philippine and Japan disaster relief , and other causes . In 2012 Yoko Ono received the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt . The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary , non-violent commitment to human rights . Ono continues her social activism , inaugurating a biennial $ 50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace in 2002 and co-founding the group Artists Against Fracking in 2012 . She has a daughter , Kyoko Chan Cox , from her marriage to Anthony Cox and a son , Sean Taro Ono Lennon , from her marriage to Lennon . She collaborates musically with Sean Lennon .

neg: This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin .   Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million .   In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed .   After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .

neg: Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' .   Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event .   Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge .   There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act .   The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck .   In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: Stuart Sutcliffe Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe ( 23 June 1940 -- 10 April 1962 ) was a British painter and musician best known as the original bass guitarist for the Beatles . Sutcliffe left the band to pursue his career as a painter , having previously attended the Liverpool College of Art . Sutcliffe and John Lennon are credited with inventing the name , `` Beetles '' , as they both liked Buddy Holly 's band , the Crickets . The band used this name for a while until Lennon decided to change the name to `` the Beatles '' , from the word beat . As a member of the group when it was a five-piece band , Sutcliffe is one of several people sometimes referred to as the `` Fifth Beatle '' .   When he performed with the Beatles in Hamburg , he met photographer Astrid Kirchherr , to whom he was later engaged . After leaving the Beatles , he enrolled in the Hamburg College of Art , studying under future pop artist Eduardo Paolozzi , who later wrote a report stating that Sutcliffe was one of his best students . Sutcliffe earned other praise for his paintings , which mostly explored a style related to abstract expressionism .   While studying in Germany , Sutcliffe began experiencing severe headaches and acute sensitivity to light . In April 1962 , he collapsed in the middle of an art class after complaining of head pains . German doctors performed various checks , but were unable to determine the exact cause of his headaches . On 10 April 1962 , he was taken to the hospital , but died in the ambulance on the way . The cause of death was later revealed to have been an aneurysm in his brain 's right hemisphere .

neg: Linda McCartney Linda Louise , Lady McCartney ( née Eastman ; formerly See ; September 24 , 1941 -- April 17 , 1998 ) was an American musician , photographer , animal rights activist , entrepreneur and publisher who was married to Paul McCartney of the Beatles . Prior to marrying Paul , she was a professional photographer of celebrities and contemporary musicians , with her work published in music industry magazines . Her photos were also published in the book Linda McCartney 's Sixties : Portrait of an Era , in 1992 .   Linda married McCartney in 1969 at St John 's Wood Church in London . Her daughter , Heather Louise , from her first marriage to Melville See , was adopted by her new husband . Together , the McCartneys had three other children .   In 1971 , after they married and following the break-up of the Beatles the previous year , Paul and Linda McCartney recorded the album Ram . Shortly afterwards , they formed the band Wings . She continued to be part of her husband 's touring band following Wings ' break-up in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993 .   She was an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks , and founded the Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband .   In 1995 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease in 1998 at the age of 56 .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Borrowed Time (John Lennon song) `` Borrowed Time '' is a song from John Lennon and Yoko Ono 's last album , Milk and Honey . While the single failed to chart in the United States , it charted at number 32 in the UK Singles Chart . The B-side features Ono 's song `` Your Hands '' from the same album .

neg: Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes .   `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .

neg: It's Alright (I See Rainbows) It 's Alright ( I See Rainbows ) is the sixth solo album by Yoko Ono , and her second release after the death of husband John Lennon . As a variation of a theme concerning its predecessor , the back cover features a transparent image of Lennon in a then-contemporary photo of Yoko and Sean , depicted in Central Park . This album marks her first foray into new wave sounds and 1980s pop production . It charted at # 98 in the US .   All songs are written , composed , arranged , produced , and sung by Ono . In 1997 , the album was remastered by Ono and Rob Stevens for release on CD by Rykodisc .

neg: A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group .   The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .

neg: Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles .   As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording .   While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .

neg: Meat City `` Meat City '' is a song written by John Lennon , released as the 12th and final track on his 1973 album Mind Games . The song is also the B-side of the single `` Mind Games '' , and is included on the 2010 album , Gim me Some Truth .

neg: Tell Me Why (Beatles song) `` Tell Me Why '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their album A Hard Day 's Night . In North America , it was released on both the American version of A Hard Day 's Night and the album Something New . Credited to Lennon -- McCartney , it was written by John Lennon in either Paris or New York City and recorded in eight takes on 27 February 1964 .

neg: Be Here Now Tour The Be Here Now World Tour was a world concert tour by English rock band Oasis in support of their third album Be Here Now . The tour , which spanned the UK , Europe , the US , Canada , Japan , Australia , Asia , and Latin America , included 85 shows over a period of several months in 1997 and 1998 . The tour started on 14 June 1997 in support of U2 at the KROQ Weenie Roast in Irvine , California , United States , and ended on 25 March 1998 at the Sports Palace in Mexico City , Mexico . With most shows being played during the autumn and winter months , a majority of the concerts were staged at indoor arenas and halls , in contrast to the larger outdoor venues typically featured on Oasis ' summer tours .   Many performances were audio recorded by either broadcast media or concert attendees and have since been made available on various file-sharing outlets and fan web sites . A handful of performances were also carried by various television outlets throughout the world , including the 14 December concert at the G-Mex in Manchester , England .   Fueled partly by worldwide stardom and drug use , the tour and corresponding album became `` infamous '' for the amount of excess and spectacle they provided . Accordingly , they marked the end of the cocaine era for Noel Gallagher . He would later say about the craziness and wild year on tour : `` I kid you not , there was a sound guy who quit because there was too much ` food ' ... and I thought ` sure it 's not the fucking coke you 've been taking ' '' .   As the tour came to an end , the album 's reception had changed from rave and outstandingly positive to less-than satisfied and below average reviews with many critics restating that it was weak in comparison to the group 's first two records . They did , however , manage to maintain a large cult following in many countries such as Argentina , Brazil , Peru , Russia , Italy , Spain , South Korea and Japan where their public persona would strengthen even more over the subsequent decade .

neg: George Lennon George Lennon ( 1900 -- 1991 ) was an Irish Republican Army leader during the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War . In later years he became a dedicated pacifist .

neg: Bad to Me `` Bad to Me '' is a song credited to Lennon -- McCartney . In late interviews , John Lennon said that he wrote it for Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas while on holiday in Spain . However , in a 1964 interview he said that he and Paul McCartney wrote it in the back of a van , so Paul contributed to it . Billy J. Kramer with The Dakotas released their recording of the song in 1963 and it became their first number 1 in the UK Singles Chart . Paul McCartney was present during the recording session at Abbey Road Studios . The single would be released in the US the following year , and become a top-ten hit there , reaching number 9 . It became one of the first occasions a Lennon -- McCartney composition made the US Top 40 recorded by an artist other than the Beatles ( the first being `` A World Without Love '' by Peter & Gordon ; another being `` Goodbye '' by Mary Hopkin ) .   Bootlegs exist of Lennon 's original demo of the song , which was recorded on 31 May 1963 . An acoustic demo from the same era was released on iTunes in December 2013 on the album The Beatles Bootleg Recordings 1963 .   Terry Black released a version of the song on his 1965 debut album , Only 16 .   Graham Parker recorded a version of the song for the 2003 album Lost Songs of Lennon & McCartney , new versions of 17 Lennon -- McCartney songs that were originally released by other artists . Leif Garrett also recorded a version of the song for his self-titled debut album . Finnish rock band Hurriganes covered this song in their third album , Crazy Days .   Recordings of `` Bad to Me '' as the Beatles may have performed it are available on the 1989 album by Bas Muys entitled Secret Songs : Lennon & McCartney and on the 1998 release It 's Four You by the Australian tribute band The Beatnix .


query: A reflex is made possible by neural pathways that act on an impulse before it reaches the brain.

pos: Reflex A reflex , or reflex action , is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus . A reflex is made possible by neural pathways called reflex arcs which can act on an impulse before that impulse reaches the brain . The reflex is then an automatic response to a stimulus that does not receive or need conscious thought .

neg: Cholinergic In general , the word choline refers to the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation . Found in most animal tissues , choline is a primary component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and functions with inositol as a basic constituent of lecithin . It prevents fat deposits in the liver and facilitates the movement of fats into the cells . The richest sources of choline are liver , kidney , brain , wheat germ , brewer 's yeast , and egg yolk . Neurologically , cholinergic is the abbreviated term referring to acetylcholine , ( the suffix - ergic means stimulating ) . The parasympathetic nervous system , which uses acetylcholine almost exclusively to send its messages , is said to be almost entirely cholinergic . Neuromuscular junctions , preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system , the basal forebrain , and brain stem complexes are also cholinergic . In addition , the receptor for the merocrine sweat glands are also cholinergic , since acetylcholine is released from postganglionic sympathetic neurons .   In neuroscience and related fields , the term cholinergic is used in these related contexts :  A substance ( or ligand ) is cholinergic if it is capable of producing , altering , or releasing acetylcholine ( `` indirect-acting '' ) or mimicking its behaviour at one or more of the body 's acetylcholine receptor types ( `` direct-acting '' ) . Such mimics are called parasympathomimetic drugs or cholinomimetic drugs .  A receptor is cholinergic if it uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter .  A synapse is cholinergic if it uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter .

neg: Pupillary reflex Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function .   Types include :  Pupillary light reflex  Accommodation reflex   See also :  Pupillary response   Although pupillary dilation is not usually called a `` reflex '' , it is still usually considered a part of this topic .   Adjustment to close-range vision is known as `` the near response '' , while inhibition of the ciliary muscle is known as the `` far response '' .   In `` the near response '' there are three processes that occur to focus an image on the retina . Convergence of the eyes , or the orientation of the visual axis of each eye towards an object in order to focus its image on each fovea , is the first of the three responses . This can be observed by the cross-eyed movement of the eyes when a finger is held up in front of a face and moved towards the face . Next , constriction of the pupil occurs . Because the lens can not refract light rays at the edges well , the image produced by the lens is blurry around the edges so the pupil constricts when one attempts to focus on nearby objects . Lastly , accommodation of the lens occurs . This is an alteration in the curvature of the lens that allows focus on a nearby object .

neg: Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda .   Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the :   Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ;   Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ;   State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) .   The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and   Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems .   An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded .   Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 .   The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda .   The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others .   The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .

neg: Bulbocavernosus reflex The bulbocavernosus reflex ( BCR ) , bulbospongiosus reflex ( BSR ) or `` Osinski reflex '' is a polysynaptic reflex that is useful in testing for spinal shock and gaining information about the state of spinal cord injuries ( SCI ) . Bulbocavernosus is an older term for bulbospongiosus , thus this reflex may also be referred to as the bulbospongiosus reflex .

neg: Gastroileal reflex The gastroileal reflex is one of the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract , the other two being the gastrocolic reflex and the enterogastric reflex . The gastroileal reflex is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and gastric peristalsis . Initiation of the reflex causes peristalsis in the ileum and the opening of the ileocecal valve ( which allows the emptying of the ileal contents into the large intestine , or colon ) . This in turn stimulates colonic peristalsis and an urge to defecate .

neg: Pacemaker potential In the pacemaking cells of the heart ( e.g. , the sinoatrial node ) , the pacemaker potential ( also called the pacemaker current ) is the slow , positive increase in voltage across the cell 's membrane ( the membrane potential ) that occurs between the end of one action potential and the beginning of the next action potential . This increase in membrane potential is what causes the cell membrane , which typically maintains a resting membrane potential of -70 mV , to reach the threshold potential and consequently fire the next action potential ; thus , the pacemaker potential is what drives the self-generated rhythmic firing ( automaticity ) of pacemaker cells , and the rate of change ( i.e. , the slope ) of the pacemaker potential is what determines the timing of the next action potential and thus the intrinsic firing rate of the cell . In a healthy sinoatrial node ( SAN , a complex tissue within the right atrium containing pacemaker cells that normally determine the intrinsic firing rate for the entire heart ) , the pacemaker potential is the main determinant of the heart rate . Because the pacemaker potential represents the non-contracting time between heart beats ( diastole ) , it is also called the diastolic depolarization .  The amount of net inward current required to move the cell membrane potential during the pacemaker phase is extremely small , in the order of few pAs , but this net flux arises from time to time changing contribution of several currents that flow with different voltage and time dependence . Evidence in support of the active presence of K + , Ca2 + , Na + channels and Na + / K + exchanger during the pacemaker phase have been variously reported in the literature , but several indications point to the `` funny '' ( If ) current as one of the most important . ( see funny current ) . There is now substantial evidence that also sarcoplasmic reticulum ( SR ) Ca2 + - transients participate to the generation of the diastolic depolarization via a process involving the Na -- Ca exchanger .

neg: Neuropil Neuropil ( or `` neuropile '' ) is any area in the nervous system composed of mostly unmyelinated axons , dendrites and glial cell processes that forms a synaptically dense region containing a relatively low number of cell bodies . The most prevalent anatomical region of neuropil is the brain which , although not completely composed of neuropil , does have the largest and highest synaptically-concentrated areas of neuropil in the body . For example , the neocortex and olfactory bulb both contain neuropil .   White matter , which is mostly composed of axons and glial cells , is generally not considered to be a part of the neuropil .   Neuropil ( pl . neuropils ) comes from the Greek : neuro , meaning `` tendon , sinew ; nerve '' and pilos , meaning `` felt '' . The term 's origin can be traced back to the late 19th century .

neg: Reflex camera A reflex camera is a camera that permits the photographer to view the image that will be seen through the lens , and therefore to see exactly what will be captured , contrary to viewfinder cameras where the image could be significantly different from what will be captured . A single-lens reflex camera typically uses a mirror and prism system ( hence `` reflex '' , from the mirror 's reflection ) to accomplish this . The mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera achieves the same result by providing the photographer with a digitally captured image . The twin-lens reflex camera provides both a viewfinder image and the reflected image from the actual camera lens .   Category : Cameras by type

neg: Infant swimming Infant swimming is the phenomenon of human babies and toddlers reflexively moving themselves through water and changing their rate of respiration and heart rate in response to being submerged . The slowing of heart rate and breathing is called the bradycardic response . It is not true that babies are born with the ability to swim , though they have reflexes that make it look like they are . Babies are n't old enough to hold their breath intentionally or strong enough to keep their head above water .   Most infants , though not all , will reflexively hold their breath when submerged to protect their airway and are able to survive immersion in water for short periods of time . Infants can also be taken to swimming lessons . Although this may be done to reduce their risk of drowning , the effects on drowning risk are not reliable .  It is extremely important to note that while babies can imitate swimming motions and reflexes , they are not yet physically capable of swimming .

neg: Law of effect The law of effect is a psychological principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1905 on the matter of behavioral conditioning ( not yet formulated as such ) which states that `` responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation , and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that  situation . ''   This notion is very similar to that of the evolutionary theory , if a certain character trait provides an advantage for reproduction then that trait will persist . The terms `` satisfying '' and dissatisfying '' appearing in the definition of the law of effect were eventually replaced by the terms `` reinforcing '' and `` punishing , '' when operant conditioning became known . `` Satisfying '' and `` dissatisfying '' conditions are determined behaviorally , and they can not be accurately predicted , because each animal has a different idea of these two terms than another animal . The new terms , `` reinforcing '' and `` punishing '' are used differently in psychology than they are colloquially . Something that reinforces a behavior makes it more likely that that behavior will occur again , and something that punishes a behavior makes it less likely that behavior will occur again .   Thorndike 's law of effect refutes the ideas of the book Animal Intelligence written by Romanes , stating that anecdotal evidence is weak and is typically not useful . The book stated that animals , like humans , think things through when dealing with a new environment or situation . Instead , Thorndike hypothesized that animals , to understand their physical environment , must physically interact with it using trial and error , until a successful result is obtained . This is illustrated in his cat experiment , in which a cat is placed in a shuttlebox and eventually learns , by interacting with the environment of the box , how to escape .

neg: Spike directivity Spike directivity is a vector that quantifies changes in transient charge density during action potential propagation .   The digital-like uniformity of action potentials is contradicted by experimental data . Electrophysiologists have observed that the shape of recorded action potentials changes in time . Recent experimental evidence has shown that action potentials in neurons are subject to waveform modulation while they travel down axons or dendrites . The action potential waveform can be modulated by neuron geometry , local alterations in the ion conductance , and other biophysical properties including neurotransmitter release .

neg: Metastability in the brain In the field of computational neuroscience , the theory of metastability refers to the human brain 's ability to integrate several functional parts and to produce neural oscillations in a cooperative and coordinated manner , providing the basis for conscious activity .   Metastability , a state in which signals ( such as oscillatory waves ) fall outside their natural equilibrium state but persist for an extended period of time , is a principle that describes the brain 's ability to make sense out of seemingly random environmental cues . In the past 25 years , interest in metastability and the underlying framework of nonlinear dynamics has been fueled by advancements in the methods by which computers model brain activity .

neg: Reflex seizure Reflex seizures may occur in reflex epilepsy ( also known as environmental epilepsy ) . They may also occur in other epilepsy syndromes or independently . They are seizures which are the result of sensory stimulation caused by the environment . The best known is photosensitive epilepsy . Reflex epilepsy is also an uncommon form of epilepsy , and can be confirmed by EEG and photosensitive testing .

neg: Reflex arc A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex . In vertebrates , most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain , but synapse in the spinal cord . This allows for faster reflex actions to occur by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain . However , the brain will receive the sensory input while the reflex is being carried out and the analysis of the signal takes place after the reflex action .   There are two types of reflex arc : autonomic reflex arc ( affecting inner organs ) and somatic reflex arc ( affecting muscles ) . However , autonomic reflexes sometimes involve the spinal cord and some somatic reflexes are mediated more by the brain than the spinal cord itself .   During a somatic reflex , nerve signals travel along the following pathway :  Somatic receptors in the skin , muscles , and tendons  Afferent nerve fibers carry signals from the somatic receptors to the posterior horn of the spinal cord or to the brainstem  An integrating center is the point at which the neurons that compose the gray matter of the spinal cord or brainstem synapse  Efferent nerve fibers carry motor nerve signals to muscles  Effector muscle innervated by the efferent nerve fiber that carries out the response .  It is the pathway followed by sensory nerve in carrying the sensation from receptor organ to spinal cord and then the pathway followed by motor nerve in carrying the order from spinal cord to effector organ during a reflex action .

neg: Sensory neuron Sensory neurons also known as afferent neurons are neurons that convert a specific type of stimulus , via their receptors , into action potentials or graded potentials . This process is called sensory transduction . The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord .   This sensory information travels along afferent nerve fibers in an afferent or sensory nerve , to the brain via the spinal cord . The stimulus can come from extoreceptors outside the body , for example light and sound , or from interoreceptors inside the body , for example blood pressure or the sense of body position .   Different types of sensory neurons have different sensory receptors that respond to different kinds of stimuli .

neg: Startle Evoked Movement Startle Evoked Movement ( SEM or startReact ) is the involuntary initiation of a planned action in response to a startling stimuli . While the classic startle reflex involves involuntary protective movements , SEMs can be a variety of arm , hand and leg actions including wrist flexion , and rising onto tiptoes . SEMs are performed faster than voluntary movements , but retain the same muscle activation characteristics .   SEM has been used to study how the brain , spinal cord and brainstem can interact to produce movement , and provides a potential avenue of exploration for rehabilitation strategies for those with neurological impairments .

neg: Neural substrate of locomotor central pattern generators in mammals Central pattern generators are neural networks organized to produce any rhythmic output without requiring a rhythmic input . In mammals , locomotor CPGs are organized in the lumbar and cervical segments of the spinal cord , and are used to control rhythmic muscle output in the arms and legs . Certain areas of the brain initiate the descending neural pathways that ultimately control and modulate the CPG signals . In addition to this direct control , there exist different feedback loops that coordinate the limbs for efficient locomotion and allow for the switching of gaits under appropriate circumstances .

neg: Pattern recognition (psychology) In psychology and cognitive neuroscience , pattern recognition describes a cognitive process that matches information from a stimulus with information retrieved from memory . Among others , the recognized patterns can be those perceived in facial features , units of music , components of language or characters and other symbols . One theory understands patterns as a set of characteristic features extracted from the stimulus , but it does not comprehensively describe the process or the role of context and there is a multitude of other theories with different approaches . Pattern recognition does not occur instantly , although it does happen automatically and spontaneously . Pattern recognition is an innate ability of animals .

neg: Retinal waves Retinal waves are spontaneous bursts of action potentials that propagate in a wave-like fashion across the developing retina . These waves occur before rod and cone maturation and before vision can occur . The signals from retinal waves drive the activity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ( dLGN ) and the primary visual cortex . The waves are thought to propagate across neighboring cells in random directions determined by periods of refractoriness that follow the initial depolarization . Retinal waves are thought to have properties that define early connectivity of circuits and synapses between cells in the retina . There is still much debate about the exact role of retinal waves ; some contend that the waves are instructional in the formation of retinogeniculate pathways , while others argue that the activity is necessary , but not instructional in the formation of retinogeniculate pathways .

neg: Lateral inhibition In neurobiology , lateral inhibition is the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors . Lateral inhibition disables the spreading of action potentials from excited neurons to neighboring neurons in the lateral direction . This creates a contrast in stimulation that allows increased sensory perception . It is also referred to as lateral antagonism and occurs primarily in visual processes , but also in tactile , auditory , and even olfactory processing . Cells that utilize lateral inhibition appear primarily in the cerebral cortex and thalamus and make up lateral inhibitory networks ( LINs ) . Artificial lateral inhibition has been incorporated into artificial sensory systems , such as vision chips , hearing systems , and optical mice . An often under-appreciated point is that although lateral inhibition is visualised in a spatial sense , it is also thought to exist in what is known as `` lateral inhibition across abstract dimensions . '' This refers to lateral inhibition between neurons that are not adjacent in a spatial sense , but in terms of modality of stimulus . This phenomenon is thought to aid in colour discrimination .


query: Gianluigi Buffon played starting goalkeeper for Parma.

pos: Gianluigi Buffon Gianluigi `` Gigi '' Buffon ( -LSB- ˈdʒiːdʒi bufˈfɔn -RSB- , Ufficiale OMRI ; born 28 January 1978 ) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper . He captains both Serie A club Juventus and the Italy national team . He is widely regarded by players , pundits and managers to be one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time , and , by some , to be the greatest ever . Buffon is one of only eighteen players to have made at least 1,000 professional career appearances ; with 168 international caps , Buffon is also the most capped player in the history of the Italian national team , the joint fifth-most capped male international footballer of all time , alongside Iván Hurtado , and the most capped European international player ever . Buffon is known for his `` outstanding shot-stopping '' and for being `` a vocal organizer of the defence and a key dressing room personality '' . He is currently the most expensive goalkeeper in history , following his $ 53 million transfer from Parma to Juventus in 2001 . Buffon holds the record for the most clean sheets in Serie A , and with the Italy national team ; he also holds the record for the longest streak without conceding a goal in Serie A history : over 12 league matches , he went unbeaten for 974 consecutive minutes during the 2015 -- 16 season , as well as having achieved the most consecutive clean sheets ( 10 ) in Serie A in that same season .   At club level , Buffon 's professional career began with Parma in 1995 , where he made his Serie A debut , and was soon promoted to the role of starting goalkeeper , earning a reputation as one of the most promising young goalkeepers in Italy ; during his time with the club , he won the Coppa Italia , the UEFA Cup and the Supercoppa Italiana , all in 1999 . After joining Juventus in 2001 , Buffon immediately won Serie A titles in both of his first two seasons at the club , and established himself as one of the best players in the world in his position . After winning two more consecutive league titles in 2005 and 2006 , the club were later stripped of these titles and relegated due to their involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal . Despite rumours of his departure , Buffon remained with Juventus , contributing to the club 's Serie B title and promotion back to Serie A in 2007 . Following several trophyless seasons , Buffon later played a key role in Juventus ' resurgence , which saw the club win an Italian record of six consecutive league titles between 2011 and 2017 ; he also inherited the captain 's armband following the departure of Alessandro Del Piero in 2012 . In total , he has won eight Serie A titles , three Coppa Italia titles , and five Supercoppa Italiana titles with Juventus .   With the Italy national team , Buffon has been called up for an international record of five FIFA World Cup tournaments ( 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 ) since making his debut in 1997 , featuring in four of them as Italy 's starting goalkeeper ( he was an unused substitute in 1998 ) . He was the starting goalkeeper of the Italian team that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup , which saw him keep a record five clean sheets , and concede only two goals , neither of which were in open play . He has also represented Italy at four European Championships , at the 1996 Olympics , and at two FIFA Confederations Cups , winning a bronze medal in the 2013 edition of the tournament .   Buffon has also won numerous , prestigious individual and team awards . He was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players in 2004 . He has been named the Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year a record eleven times . Buffon was the winner of the 2006 Yashin Award following Italy 's World Cup victory , in which he was also elected to be part of the Team of the Tournament ; an honour which he also received after reaching the quarter-finals of the 2008 European Championships , and the final of the 2012 European Championships . Buffon is the only goalkeeper to have won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year Award , which he won in 2003 after reaching the Champions League final ; he also won the award for best Goalkeeper that year , and was voted into the UEFA Team of the Year in 2003 , 2004 , 2006 and 2016 . In 2006 , Buffon was runner-up for the Ballon d'Or and was elected to be part of the FIFPro World XI , an honour which he also achieved in 2007 . After reaching the 2015 Champions League final , he was named to the 2014 -- 15 UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season , and placed fourth in the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award . He has been named the IFFHS World 's Best Goalkeeper four times ( second only to Iker Casillas , with five awards ) and was also named the best goalkeeper of the 21st century , of the past 25 years , and of the decade , by the same organisation . In 2016 , he became the first goalkeeper ever to win the Golden Foot Award , which pertains to both personality and playing ability .

neg: Ignazio Abate Ignazio Abate ( -LSB- iɲˈɲattsjo aˈbate -RSB- ; born 12 November 1986 ) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a full-back for Milan in Serie A . A former winger , he is also capable of playing as a wide midfielder and as a wing-back ; he is renowned for his stamina , quick sprints , and ability to making attacking runs down the right wing , and is one of the fastest players in the top leagues of European football .   Abate started playing football with amateur club Rescaldina , before joining Milan 's youth system in 1999 . From 2004 to 2009 he spent five years on various loan spells with several Italian clubs , before going back to Milan . He played an important role in helping Milan win their 18th Scudetto during the 2010 -- 11 Serie A season .   Abate has represented the Italian national team and the Italian U21 national team , and also played for the Italian U19 national team and the Italian U20 national team . Prior to starring for the senior team , he represented his country in the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2009 European U-21 Championship . He made his senior international debut in November 2011 , in a friendly match against Poland , and has since then represented the country in UEFA Euro 2012 , winning a runners-up medal , at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , winning a bronze medal , and at the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Nearly two years after his debut , Abate scored his first international goal against Germany in November 2013 .

neg: 1992 Coppa Italia Final The 1992 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1991 -- 92 Coppa Italia , the 44th season of the top cup competition in Italian football . The match was played over two legs on 7 May and 14 May 1992 between Juventus and Parma . The final was won by Parma , who claimed their first Coppa Italia title with a 2 -- 1 aggregate victory .

neg: Roberto Magnani Roberto Magnani ( born January 13 , 1977 in Parma ) is a former Italian professional football player .   He played one game in the Serie A in the 1994/95 season for Parma F.C.   He represented Italy at the 1995 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship where they won silver medals .

neg: List of Parma Calcio 1913 players S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913 is an Italian professional football club based in Parma , Emilia-Romagna , which currently plays in the Serie D . It was founded in 1913 as Parma Foot Ball Club , began playing league football in 1919 and moved into current home the Stadio Ennio Tardini in 1923 . Since those early days the club 's first team has competed in numerous nationally and internationally organised competitions . All players who have played in 100 or more such matches are listed below . Appearances and goals are for league matches only ; substitute appearances are included .   Ivo Cocconi is the player who has made most appearances for the club in league competition , while William Bronzoni is the club 's record league goalscorer , having scored 78 league goals during his Parma career ; those goals coming in 201 matches in an eight-year period following the Second World War ending in 1953 . Hernán Crespo came close to beating that record , but just fell short when he left the club in early 2012 , scoring 72 times in the league . He does , however , hold the scoring record for all competitions , having netted 94 times .

neg: Ronaldo Giovanelli Ronaldo Soares Giovanelli ( born 20 November 1967 ) is a retired Brazilian footballer . Although as a child he was a forward he spent his career as a goalkeeper .

neg: Parma Parma -LSB- ˈparma -RSB- ( Pärma ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its prosciutto ( ham ) , cheese , architecture , music and surrounding countryside . It is home to the University of Parma , one of the oldest universities in the world .  Parma is divided into two parts by the stream of the same name . The district on the far side of the river is Oltretorrente . Parma 's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called Parma .   The Italian poet Attilio Bertolucci ( born in a hamlet in the countryside ) wrote : `` As a capital city it had to have a river . As a little capital it received a stream , which is often dry '' .

neg: Fabio Cannavaro Fabio Cannavaro , Ufficiale OMRI ( -LSB- ˈfaːbjo kannaˈvaːro -RSB- ; born 13 September 1973 ) is an Italian former professional footballer and current manager of Chinese club Tianjin Quanjian .   Cannavaro is considered to be one of the greatest defenders of all time . He spent the majority of his career in Italy . He started his career at Napoli , before spending seven years at Parma , with whom he won two Coppa Italia titles , the 1999 Supercoppa Italiana , and the 1999 UEFA Cup . After spells at Internazionale and Juventus , he transferred along with manager Fabio Capello from Juventus to Real Madrid in 2006 , with whom he won consecutive La Liga titles in 2007 and 2008 . After returning to Juventus for one season in 2009 -- 10 , he joined Al-Ahli in Dubai , where he retired from football in 2011 after an injury-troubled season . After his retirement , he became a member of the coaching staff of Al-Ahli , notably as global ambassador and technical director from 2011 to 2013 , and as an assistant coach from 2013 to 2014 . In November 2014 , he was appointed as head coach of Chinese club Guangzhou Evergrande . On June 9 , 2016 , he signed a contract with second tier Chinese club Tianjin Quanjian as manager .   Cannavaro has also achieved success with the Italian national team . He was part of the Italy team that won consecutive Under-21 European Championships in 1994 and 1996 . After earning his first senior cap in 1997 , he helped his national team to the final of Euro 2000 , being named to the team of the tournament , and eventually became captain in 2002 , following Paolo Maldini 's retirement . Cannavaro led Italy to victory in the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany , and was given the nickname `` Il Muro di Berlino '' ( `` The Berlin Wall '' ) by the Italian supporters due to his defensive performances , which saw Italy keep five clean sheets and concede only two goals , neither of which were in open play ; he was later awarded the Silver Ball after being named the tournament 's second best player . In 2009 , he overtook Maldini as the most capped player in the country 's history . He retired from international football on 25 June 2010 following Italy 's failure to qualify for the knock-out stages of the 2010 World Cup , having amassed 136 caps and scored two goals for the senior national team . In total , he has represented Italy at four FIFA World Cups , two UEFA European Championships , the 1996 Summer Olympics , and the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup . He is currently Italy 's second all-time appearance holder , behind Gianluigi Buffon , and has made the most appearances for Italy as captain ( 79 ) .   He was named the 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year , and won the Ballon d'Or award in 2006 which made him the only defender to win the award in a decade and only the third of all time after Franz Beckenbauer and Matthias Sammer , both of Germany . In 2007 , he was in the six man shortlist for the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . His younger brother Paolo is also a professional footballer , who plays for Italian side Sassuolo .

neg: Giovanni Viola Giovanni Viola ( 20 June 1926 -- 7 July 2008 ) was an Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . Although he represented several Italian clubs throughout his career , he is mostly remembered for his successful stint with Juventus , where he won three Serie A titles . At international level , he represented the Italy national football team at the 1954 FIFA World Cup .

neg: Maurizio Scaramucci Maurizio Scaramucci ( born 21 August 1970 in Ascoli Piceno ) is an Italian retired footballer . He played as a goalkeeper . He played from 1989 for Ascoli youth teams . He made his debut in Serie A on 18 April 1992 against Cagliari . At the end of the season Genoa was relegated in Serie B , where Matteo played one match . He remained at Ascoli until 1993 , then he went to play in lower divisions .

neg: Luigi Scaglia Luigi Alberto Scaglia ( born 23 November 1986 ) is an Italian footballer who plays for Lega Pro club Parma .

neg: Alberto Brignoli Alberto Brignoli ( born 19 August 1991 ) is an Italian footballer who currently plays for Perugia on loan from Juventus as a goalkeeper .

neg: 1994–95 Juventus F.C. season Juventus Football Club won the league title for the first time in nine years . The Scudetto was won in the wake of defender Andrea Fortunato 's death from cancer during the course of the season . The title was dedicated to the 23-year-old , who had been established in the starting line-up before he got sick .   This first Serie A success since the 1985 -- 86 season was accompanied by a Coppa Italia win over Parma . The Turin club won both legs , 1 -- 0 at the Stadio delle Alpi and 2 -- 0 at the Stadio Ennio Tardini .   In the UEFA Cup , Juventus again met Parma in the final , having previously beaten Borussia Dortmund . This time , however , Juventus were defeated by Parma ( 0 -- 1 , 1 -- 1 ) , thus denying them a season treble .

neg: Enrique Vidallé Enrique Bernardo Vidallé ( born 7 May 1952 in Canals , Córdoba ) is a former Argentine football goalkeeper . He played for a number of clubs in Argentina and Palestino in Chile .   Vidallé came through the Boca Juniors youth system to make his professional debut in 1972 , he stayed at the club until his move to Chilean team Club Deportivo Palestino in 1975 .   Vidallé played a number of games for the Argentina national football team including appearances at the 1979 Copa América .   Vidallé played for Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata in the late 70s and for their fiercest rivals Estudiantes de La Plata in the early 80s . Between 1982 and 1983 he played for Club Atlético Huracán before joining Argentinos Juniors in 1984 .   Vidallé was part of the Argentinos Juniors team that won back to back league championships in the Metropolitano 1984 and the Nacional 1985 . They then went on to win the Copa Libertadores 1985 , with Vidallé facing a penalty shootout in the final .   Argentinos went on to play in the Intercontinental Cup in 1985 which they lost to Juventus , and in the Copa Interamericana in 1986 , which they won 1-0 against Defence Force . Vidallé retired in 1987 at the age of 34 .

neg: Carlo Cudicini Carlo Cudicini ( -LSB- ˈkarlo kudiˈtʃini -RSB- ; born 6 September 1973 ) is a retired Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper . He is the son of the former Milan goalkeeper Fabio Cudicini , and the grandson of Ponziana defender Guglielmo Cudicini . Cudicini is currently a club ambassador and assistant to the first team head coach at Chelsea F.C.   Cudicini started his professional career at Serie A side Milan in 1992 , but struggled to break into the first team and spent the 1993 -- 94 season on loan to Como , making six league appearances for the club . He switched permanently to Prato in 1995 and made 30 league appearances for the club before moving again to Lazio in 1996 . Having only made a single league appearance for Lazio , he moved again in 1997 , this time to Castel di Sangro . He made 14 league appearances in a three-year spell at the club before being loaned to Premier League side Chelsea for the 1999 -- 2000 season .   He signed permanently for the English club in 2000 , and quickly dislodged Ed de Goey from the number one spot , being voted Chelsea 's Player of the Year for the 2001 -- 02 season and the ITV Premiership Goalkeeper of the Season for the 2002 -- 03 season . However , he struggled with injury for the following season , and Petr Čech was signed in 2004 ; Cech would displace Cudicini as the number one goalkeeper , with Cudicini only appearing sporadically afterwards . In 2006 , both Čech and Cudicini suffered head injuries in a game against Reading ; as Cudicini recovered sooner , and third-choice goalkeeper Henrique Hilário 's form dipped , he briefly took over the starting role , until Cech returned towards the end of January 2007 . Cudicini left Chelsea in 2009 , having made 141 league appearances for the club , and joined local rivals Tottenham Hotspur . At Tottenham , he remained second-choice or third-choice throughout his spell , and only made 19 league appearances for the club ; first Heurelho Gomes , then Brad Friedel and Hugo Lloris kept him out of the team . He left the club in 2012 , having made 19 league appearances . In 2013 , Cudicini signed for Los Angeles Galaxy .   Cudicini played 20 times for the Italy under-18 team between 1990 and 1992 , and made a single appearance for the under-21 team during the 1992 -- 1993 season ; however , he never played for the full national team . In 2003 , during his successful period at Chelsea , the English FA attempted to select him for the England national team , but he was ineligible .

neg: Andrea Fulignati Andrea Fulignati ( born 31 October 1994 ) is an Italian footballer , who plays as a goalkeeper for Italian Serie A club Palermo .

neg: Antonio Mirante Antonio Mirante ( born 8 July 1983 ) is an Italian footballer who plays for Serie A club Bologna as a goalkeeper .

neg: Manuel Scavone Manuel Scavone ( born 3 June 1987 ) is an Italian association footballer who plays for Parma as a midfielder .

neg: Silvio Lafuenti Silvio Lafuenti ( or spells as La Fuenti ) ( born 9 August 1970 in Ostia Lido , Italy ) is a retired Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper .

neg: 2001 Coppa Italia Final The 2001 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 2000 -- 01 Coppa Italia , the 53rd season of the top cup competition in Italian football . The match was played over two legs on 24 May and 13 June 2001 between Parma and Fiorentina . The final was won by Fiorentina , who claimed their sixth Coppa Italia title with a 2 -- 1 aggregate victory .

neg: Laurent Pionnier Laurent Pionnier ( born May 24 , 1982 in Bagnols-sur-Cèze , Gard ) is a French footballer who plays for Montpellier , as a goalkeeper .


query: Whiskey Tango Foxtrot is based on The Taliban Shuffle: Strange Days in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

pos: Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (film) Whiskey Tango Foxtrot is a 2016 American biographical war comedy-drama film directed by Glenn Ficarra and John Requa , and written by Robert Carlock , based on the memoir The Taliban Shuffle : Strange Days in Afghanistan and Pakistan by Kim Barker . The film stars Tina Fey , Margot Robbie , Martin Freeman , Christopher Abbott , Alfred Molina , and Billy Bob Thornton . It was released on March 4 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 24 million against its $ 35 million budget .

neg: Afghan Breakdown Afghan Breakdown ( Афганский излом , translit . Afganskiy Izlom ) is a 1991 war drama film about the Soviet -- Afghan War directed by Vladimir Bortko and co-produced by Italy and the Soviet Union ( Lenfilm ) . Michele Placido plays the protagonist , Major Bandura , a commander of a unit of Soviet paratroopers , co-starring with several popular Soviet actors .   The movie is still regarded by many movie critics as the best account of the war , despite newer box-office hits such as The 9th Company . Director Vladimir Bortko invited Mikhail Leshchinskiy ( a Soviet TV war reporter who worked in Afghanistan for 4.5 years ) as a co-writer and visited Kabul and Kandahar in 1988 to research on the ground . Nevertheless , according to the Russian writer and the Afghan War veteran Alexei Kozlachkov , the film lacked reliability and was ridden with technical and ideological mistakes .

neg: Theatre of Pakistan This article deals with topics pertaining to theatre of Pakistan . Theatre in Pakistan has been developed and influenced by the traditional Persian theatre as well as from classical Indian dance practices of the Mughal Empire . With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate that began in the 10th and 11th centuries , theatre was discouraged or forbidden entirely . Later , in an attempt to re-assert indigenous values and ideas , village theatre was encouraged across the South Asia , developing in a large number of regional languages from the 15th to the 19th centuries . Modern Urdu theatre developed during the period of colonial rule under the British Empire , from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th . In 1855 , the enactment of the play Inder Sabha ( The Heavenly Court of Indra ) written by Agha Hasan Amanat in the courtyard of the last Nawab of Oudh , Wajid Ali Shah , has been highly regarded as the beginning of Urdu theatre . Pakistan has a growing theatre culture , with English and Urdu theatre being the dominant forms . Today , the major competition with theatre is that represented by growing television industry and the spread of films produced in the Pakistani film industry based in Karachi and Lahore , known as `` Lollywood '' . Lack of finance is another major obstacle .

neg: Zarsanga Zarsanga is a famous Pashto singer from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan . She is widely known as The Queen Of Pashtun Folklore . She was born in 1946 at Zafar Mamakhel , a small village of Lakki Marwat . She belongs to a nomadic tribe called Kutanree ( Kutan ) . They travel between Pashtun area from Punjab and Sindh . They do n't settle permanently in one place . Their main profession is singing . Their main travelling route is through Bannu Road from Dera Ismail Khan and up to Kohat and Peshawar . Some of them travel as far as Afghanistan and stay there in Summer and return to Lakki Marwat during the winter .   In 1965 , she married Malla Jan , a resident of Sarai Naurang , Lakki Marwat who was also a nomad . Many people believe she is married to popular folk singer Khan Tehsil , but she denies the rumours and to this day says Khan tehsil is her husbands cousin : `` Actually I sang with him on many occasions and most of our joint songs got immense popularity . He is not my husband he is just like my own brother '' .   Zar Sanga has three daughters and six sons . Only Shahzada , her second son , has stepped into the world of music . At the start of her career , Zar Sanga would listen to the songs of Gulnar Begum , Kishwar Sultan , Bacha Zarin Jan , Khyal Muhammad , Ahmad Khan and Sabz Ali Ustad . `` I liked all of them , but I have maintained my own traditional way of folk singing . The people would earnestly enjoy my songs on both sides of the Durand Line ( Pakistan-Afghan border ) . `` I got no education so I can not sing from a written paper . Most often I sing the songs that are composed and created by the common folk . However my husband also wrote some of my popular songs '' , she said . A French researcher , Miss Kia , who worked with Radio France , once said Zar Sanga 's voice was the only mountainous voice in the Pashto language . Miss Kia took Zar Sanga to France for a musical concert . In France , many people were fascinated by her sweet melodies . The Pashto singer described a concert in London : `` I was singing a traditional folk song in Pashto about the mountains and gypsy life of the tribals and when I finished it , a British person came close to me and proudly remarked that he was also a gypsy . '' The famous musical numbers of Zar Sanga , which she never misses at any musical event she plays are Da Bangriwal Pa Choli Ma Za ( her first-ever song on radio ) , Zma Da Khro Jamo Yara , Rasha Mama Zwi De , Zma Da Ghrono Pana Yara , and Kht Me Zanzeri De . Zar Sanga has been to Germany , Belgium , Iraq , Dubai , America , France and UK and has enthralled thousands of Pakhtuns and local people with her voice .

neg: Tarinkot Tarinkot or Tarin Kowt is the capital of Urozgan Province ( also written `` Uruzgan '' ) in southern Afghanistan in the Tarinkot District . Tarinkot city has a population of 71,604 ( 2015 ) , with some 200 small shops in the city 's bazaar .   In Tarinkot district , two major Pashtun tribal confederations are represented , Tareen tribes : Popolzai , Barakzai , Nurzai , Achakzai ; and the Ghilzai tribes : Tokhi , Hotak . There are no medium or large-scale economic enterprises in the city . The provincial governor , currently Asadullah Hamdam , lives and works in a compound adjacent to the bazaar .   Tarinkot is a Provincial Centre in south central Afghanistan . The majority of land is classified as non built-up ( 69 % ) of which agriculture is 67 % . Residential land accounts for 47 % of built-up land . The airport is located within the municipal boundaries , accounting the second largest built-up land use ( 24 % ) .

neg: Nickel Creek discography This article represents the discography of progressive bluegrass band Nickel Creek . They have released six studio albums , one compilation album , as well as eight singles .   Nickel Creek 's first widely known album , Nickel Creek , was released in 2001 . It charted within the Top 20 of the Billboard Top Country Albums charts . The album featured three singles : `` When You Come Back Down '' , `` The Lighthouse 's Tale '' , and `` Reasons Why '' . The first two charted to number 48 and number 49 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts , whereas the third single failed to chart . Also in 2001 , the band were featured with Dolly Parton on `` Shine '' , a cover of the pop group Collective Soul 's signature song . The song was released as a single from Parton 's album Little Sparrow , and also featured a music video . Nickel Creek was then certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on February 4 , 2004 .   In 2003 , they released their critically acclaimed album This Side . It was success on the Top Country Albums chart , debuting and peaking at number 2 , as well as their first album to chart within the Top 20 of the Billboard 200 , where it reached number 18 . It was also a number-one album on the Billboard Top Bluegrass Albums chart . The album only spawned one chart single with its title track . It peaked at number 56 on the country charts .   Their fifth studio album , Why Should the Fire Die ? , was released in 2005 . Like its predecessor , it too , made the Top 20 of the Billboard 200 , but failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart . One single was released , `` When in Rome , '' but it failed to chart .   The band 's sixth studio album , A Dotted Line , was released April 1 , 2014 .

neg: Kharoti Kharoti ( Pashto : خروټی ) is a Pashtun tribe of Ghilji origin based in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan .  Many of the Kharoti have business in gulf countries and Pakistan . They have an estimated population of about 5.5 million , making it one of , if not the largest tribes in Afghanistan , Pakistan with significant territory throughout eastern and south-eastern Afghanistan . There are major Kharoti populations in the Paktika districts of Urgun , Barmal , Sar Hawza , Zarghun Shahr , Omna , Surobi and Gomal . The Kharoti also have a strong presence in balochistan , dera ismail khan and karachi and Ghazni , Zabul , Paktia , Khost , Logar , Wardak , Kabul , Nangarhar and Helmand .

neg: Roshan (telco) Roshan is a leading Afghan telecommunications provider , serving nearly 6.0 million active subscribers .   In January 2003 , Roshan was awarded the second GSM license in Afghanistan . This was at a time when there was only one other mobile phone operator ( Afghan Wireless ) in Afghanistan . Due to decades of civil wars . there was almost only limited telecommunications infrastructure in place in the country . Prior to the fall of the Taliban , phone lines were not accessible to the population , and Afghans had to travel abroad to make international calls .   Roshan , which means `` light '' or `` hope '' in Persian , is one of Afghanistan 's leading telecommunications providers . Today , Roshan 's GSM network reaches 240 cities and towns across all of Afghanistan 's 34 provinces . The network covers over 60 % of the population , including the most remote rural areas .   Roshan is one of the largest investors , private companies and taxpayers in Afghanistan . It has invested nearly $ 600 million in the telecommunications infrastructure in Afghanistan . Roshan is also continuing to expand its network in areas where there is no or limited cellular coverage .   Roshan employs over 1,100 people , of whom 20 % are women . Indirectly , the company has added over 30,000 jobs to the Afghan economy through its top-up stations , retail stores and public call offices .   Roshan introduced 3G in April 2013 . It was the third company in the market to have been granted a 3G license after Etisalat ( UAE-based telecom ) , and MTN ( South Africa-based telecom ) , waiting to ensure it could deliver the highest quality service . It has 3G service in Kabul , Jalalabad , Kandahar , Mazar , Herat , and Kunduz .

neg: Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (novel) Whiskey Tango Foxtrot is a 2014 debut novel by David Shafer .

neg: Maryam Mahboob Maryam Mahboob is an Afghan author known for her writing on Afghan migrants , and on patriarchy in Afghan society . Mahboob was born in Maimana , Afghanistan in 1955 . Due to her father 's employment with the Afghan government , she got to experience the lifestyle of Afghan women in different parts of the country . She completed her secondary education in Kabul , and attended Tehran University for her Master 's degree .   Following the Russian occupation of Afghanistan in 1979 , Mahboob left the country to move first to Pakistan , and then to Delhi , India in 1981 . Along with other Afghan expatriates , Mahboob started the journal Gahnama ( `` irregular journal '' ) to express cultural resistance against both the communist government of Afghanistan and the Mujahideen . However , facing pressure from the Mujahideen amongst the Afghan community in India , she migrated once again to move to Canada in 1983 .   Mahboob produced most of her major fiction works while in diaspora . Her works concentrate on the suppression and marginalization of women , while also expressing a revolt against the social norms and attitudes towards women .

neg: Fazle Haq Lieutenant General Fazle Haq , ( Urdu : فضل حق ; HI ( M ) , HPk ( 10 September 1928 - 3 October 1991 ) ) , was a high-ranking general in the Pakistan Army , and the former martial law administrator ( MLA ) of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . He was the `` Corps-Commander '' of the XI Corps , and commanded all the Pakistan Army assets assigned in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province . He commanded the combatant brigades , and supervised the clandestine covert network during the Soviet war in Afghanistan . He was one of the leading generals who led the Pakistan Combatant Forces during the Soviet war in Afghanistan . As military administrator , he had set up a network of training of the Afghan mujahideen . Under his command , the elements of Pakistan 's administrative XI Corps participated in numerous operations against the Soviet Union .   He served as a chief military administrator ( governor ) throughout the military dictatorial rule of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq from 1978 till 1985 and also served as the caretaker chief minister of the province in the latter half of 1988 .

neg: Yalghaar Yalghaar ( -LSB- ; meaning `` Assault '' or `` Attack '' ) previously known as Delta Echo Foxtrot is a Pakistani war-epic film directed by Hassan Rana . it is most awaited movie of Pakistan , because of its different story , directions & big budget of 60 crores , The film is produced by MindWorks Media and is based on the true story of Pakistan Army 's Swat Operation .   The film `` explores what happens in the lives of those involved , including the militants and how all of them are affected at a personal level because of the ongoing operation '' . It stars Shaan Shahid in the lead role , along with Humayun Saeed , Adnan Siddiqui , Armeena Khan , Aleeze Nasser , Ayesha Omer and Sana Bucha . It is the most expensive Pakistani movie to date . Apart from budget and extensive cast , the film features 150 written characters . On 19 December 2014 , Hassan Waqas Rana revealed that this film is a tribute to slain children of the 2014 Peshawar school attack .

neg: Government of Balochistan, Pakistan Government of Balochistan ( -LSB- ) is based in the largest province of Pakistan in Quetta . The head of the province is the Governor , who is nominated by the President of Pakistan . While the head of the Government of Balochistan is the Chief Minister who is elected by the Balochistan Assembly .   The province of Balochistan ( or Baluchistan ) in Pakistan contains most of historical Balochistan and is named after the Baloch . Neighbouring regions are Iranian Balochistan to the west , Afghanistan and Federally Administered Tribal Areas , Pakistan to the north and Punjab and Sindh to the east . To the south is the Arabian Sea . The principal languages in the province are Baluchi , Pashto , Brahui , and Persian .

neg: Mohammad Nasim Faqiri Mohammad Nasim Faqiri ( محمد نسیم فقیری ; born 1958 ) is an Afghan politician and diplomat .  He has served as a longtime spokesman for Jamiat-e Islami in Afghanistan , and was appointed Secretary General of the organization .   In May 2005 , prior to Afghanistan ` s first post-Taliban elections for its national legislature , the Wolesi Jirga  and Provincial Councils , the Pak Tribune ,  quoted Faqiri discussing his party forming alliances with other parties with a mujahedin background , including the  Daawat-i-Islami .  In August 2005 , the Pak Tribune quoted Faqiri responding to allegations that some members of his party had committed war crimes .   He has also worked as a diplomat in Australia .   In June 2010 , a special Loya Jirga to seek the opinions of Afghanistan ` s elders was convened on the best way to bring peace . Faqiri was one of representatives from Lagham Province . He spoke in favor of a reconciliation with the Taliban .

neg: Afghan Luke Afghan Luke is a 2011 Canadian film directed by Mike Clattenburg . The central character , Luke Benning ( Nick Stahl ) , is a journalist investigating the possible mutilation ( by Canadian snipers ) of corpses in Afghanistan , a country that appears increasingly incomprehensible and surreal as Luke undergoes a series of bizarre adventures .

neg: Crosspicking Crosspicking is a technique for playing the mandolin or guitar using a plectrum or flatpick in a rolling , syncopated style across three strings . This style is probably best known as one element of the flatpicking style in bluegrass music , and it closely resembles a banjo roll , the main difference being that the banjo roll is fingerpicked rather than flatpicked .   A typical element of the technique is the use of three pitches played repeatedly within a four-pulse rhythm . This results in a continual shifting of the pitches vis-a-vis the accented pulse . The three pitches are usually played on three adjacent strings -- one per string . The pick direction can vary , depending on the required emphasis and the melody .   Mandolin player Jesse McReynolds used a crosspicking roll of down - up - up / down - up - up ... creating a repeating pattern of notes that expresses the melody . Guitarist George Shuffler used a pick pattern of down - down - up / down - down - up / down - up .   The traditional banjo roll form is down - down - up / down - down - up / down - down - up ... ; this helps to accentuate the `` threes '' nature of the pattern against the `` four '' rhythm .   The other way is using strict alternate picking : down - up - down / up - down - up / down - up - down ... . This may be more comfortable for players who are using alternate picking for most of their playing . In actuality , one ( or more ) of the three pitches may be varied from one repetition of the pattern to the next , for instance the top note could be toggled up and down one step .

neg: Operation Midnight Jackal Operation Midnight Jackal was a covert-intelligence operation that was widely reported as one of high profile political scandal during the first government of Prime minister Benazir Bhutto in 1989 . The Midnight Jackal was exposed by ISI in a sting operation of theirs , when it had obtained a tape from Intelligence Bureau ( IB ) containing a conversation of two active-duty army officers and a rogue ISI operative regarding toppling down the government . This ring was headed by a ISI rogue agent Brigadier-General Imtiaz `` the Cat '' Ahmed , who was widely regarded as the mastermind of this plot .   The tape exposed the conversation of another rogue agent Major Amir Khan , who revealed that General Mirza Aslam Beg , the then-Chief of Army Staff , with the backing of the conservative President Ghulam Ishaq Khan , had ambitions to topple the Benazir Bhutto 's government , and to bring a more conservative Nawaz Sharif and other conservatives in power instead .   Due to the lack of sufficient evidence against the Chief of Army Staff , his court martial could not take place . The Judge Advocate General Corps launched the full-fledged military inquiry against the Brigadier-General Ahmed and Major Amir Khan , subsequently ending their military careers . The military investigators and military lawyers of prosecution revealed that Major Amir Khan was the architect of the Midnight Jackal , under the auspicious of Brigadier-General Ahmed . The investigations revealed that some members of the establishment wanted to pay hefty bribes to the senior leadership of Benazir Bhutto 's Peoples Party to bring the vote of no confidence movement in the Parliament , according to the VII Amendment . The military lawyers also reported that the objectives of the Midnight Jackal were to support Nawaz Sharif as the establishment was said to have `` liked '' or preferred Sharif as a country 's prime minister , and was a part of his political camp . Major Amir Khan told his military lawyers that : `` Nawaz Sharif was more acceptable to the -LSB- Pakistan -RSB- Army than Benazir Bhutto , and the establishment was against of every leader who had people 's mandate behind them . They prefer weak leaders like Sharif , which the Army could control '' , Major Amir Khan maintained .

neg: Haqqani network The Haqqani network is an Afghan guerilla insurgent group using asymmetric warfare to fight against US-led NATO forces and the government of Afghanistan . Maulvi Jalaluddin Haqqani and his son Sirajuddin Haqqani lead the group . The group is based in Afghanistan , where it operates .

neg: Love Shuffle is a Japanese television drama series that aired on TBS from 16 January to 20 March 2009 . The theme song of the series is Fantasy by Earth , Wind & Fire . Usami Kei is a salaryman who has risen in status due to his engagement with Mei , the wealthy daughter of his company 's president . Shortly after she breaks off the engagement , a power failure leaves him stuck in the elevator of his apartment building . Trapped with him are three others living on the same floor - Airu , a trilingual interpreter , Ojiro , a model photographer , and Masato , a psychiatrist . While waiting , their conversation hits upon their love lives and the question of whether there is truly only one fated partner for everyone . As a result , they decide to try `` shuffling '' their relationships with each other . -- Tokyograph

neg: Miri Maftun Miri Maftun , also written as Mehri Maftun , is an Afghan musician . Maftun was born during the 1930s in the province of Badakhshan .   He specialized in authentic instruments , principally the dambura ( a two string lute ) , the harmonium and the ghaychak ( a two string violin ) . He combines the music styles from the region of Badakhshan ( Northern Afghanistan ) with each other and mixes musical elements of different ethnic origins of other Central Asian region 's as well . In the West , Maftun is mainly known as an instrumentalist ; in Afghanistan he is known as a singer as well .   His texts vary from romantic and humoristic to social critic . Maftun knew to survive in a country where music had been forbidden by the Taliban . He performed in Europe as well , like in 2001 in Arnhem in the Netherlands .   In 2001 he was honored with an international Prince Claus Award `` for his musical talents and his role as a culture medium of the traditional music of North Afghanistan . ''

neg: Qasba Aligarh massacre The Qasba -- Aligarh massacre was an ethnic clash that erupted when armed Pashtuns attacked densely populated Muhajir/Bihari settlements in Qasba Colony , Aligarh Colony and Sector 1-D of Orangi Town in Karachi in the early hours of the morning on 14 December 1986 . According to official reports , around 49 people were killed ( unofficial reports are significantly higher at 400 ) and several hundred were injured in what was perceived as a `` revenge killing '' by the Pashtuns following an unsuccessful raid on an Afghan heroine processing and distribution centre in Sohrab Goth by the security forces . Most of the residents of the two colonies happened to be Biharis who had been freshly repatriated from Bangladesh and Muhajirs .   The locality is situated within limits of Karachi city and consists of poor and lower middle class Mohajir families living side by side by Pashtuns residing on the adjacent hills populated primarily by Afghan migrants who settled during the Afghan-Soviet War . During planned development of the city in 1960 's and 70 's it was constructed by the government as colony for journalists where amenity plots were handed out to the residents . Due to the distance from the city most allottees sold their plots moving themselves to central areas . The place was thereon heavily dominated by the muhajir community .