query: Zach Galifianakis starred in Masterminds.

pos: Masterminds (2016 film) Masterminds is a 2016 American comedy film based on the 1997 Loomis Fargo Robbery in North Carolina . Directed by Jared Hess and written by Chris Bowman , Hubbel Palmer and Emily Spivey , the film stars Zach Galifianakis , Kate McKinnon , Owen Wilson , Kristen Wiig , Jason Sudeikis and Leslie Jones .   It premiered in Los Angeles on September 26 , 2016 , and was theatrically released in the United States on September 30 , 2016 , by Relativity Media . The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $ 29 million .

pos: Zach Galifianakis Zachary Knight Galifianakis ( -LSB- ˌgælᵻfəˈnækᵻs -RSB- born October 1 , 1969 ) is an American actor , writer and comedian . He came to prominence with his Comedy Central Presents special in 2001 and presented his own show called Late World with Zach on VH1 the following year . He has also starred in films , such as The Hangover trilogy ( 2009 -- 2013 ) , Due Date ( 2010 ) , The Campaign ( 2012 ) , Birdman or ( The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance ) ( 2014 ) , Puss in Boots ( 2011 ) , Masterminds ( 2016 ) and The Lego Batman Movie ( 2017 ) .   He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning talk show Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis on the Funny or Die website and executive produces , writes , and stars in the dark comedy series Baskets on FX .

neg: A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder .   Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman .   A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .

neg: Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Green Card (film) Green Card is a 1990 romantic comedy film written , produced , directed by Peter Weir and starring Gérard Depardieu and Andie MacDowell . The screenplay focuses on an American woman who enters into a marriage of convenience with a Frenchman so he can obtain a green card and remain in the United States . Depardieu won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . The film won the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay .

neg: Scott Masters Scott Masters is a gay pornographic film director and studio owner active in adult film since the mid-1960s .   Masters used the pseudonym `` Robert Walters '' when he directed his early films , which include Greek Lightning . when he founded Nova Studios . He later shuttered Nova Studio and became head of production at Catalina Video . In 1992 , he co-founded gay adult film studio Studio 2000 . In 2006 , Masters sold Studio 2000 to former Falcon Entertainment consultant David McKay .

neg: Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer .   Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively .   In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards .   Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .

neg: Scott Mactavish Scott Mactavish is an American filmmaker and author .   Scott Mactavish recently wrote , produced and directed the films entitled MURPH : The Protector and God and Country : Untold Stories of the American Military . Prior to that , he made Summer Running : The Race to Cure Breast Cancer featuring Sissy Spacek . He has also served as executive producer on five films in as many years , including Chagas , directed by Ricardo Preve . Mactavish attended film School at New York University , and upon graduation , worked on major studio projects and independent features while writing original screenplays at night . He was a Goomba in the 1993 film Super Mario Bros. and an uncredited stunt double in The Crow . He launched his own production company in 1998 and has produced dozens of films and videos , with an emphasis on stories of honor , courage and commitment .   Scott is the author of The New Dad 's Survival Guide '' , published by Little , Brown and Co. , and Co-author of `` Battle Ready : Memoir of a SEAL Warrior Medic '' , published by St. Martin 's Press .   As a freelance writer , he has contributed to Indiewire , Windcheck , and Film Threat '' .   Mactavish is a veteran of the United States Navy . He attended boot camp at the Recruit Training Command in San Diego , California and served with Submarine Squadron 6 , aboard the USS L.Y. Spear , and in Guantanamo Bay , Cuba .

neg: G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .

neg: Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .

neg: Undermind (album) Undermind is the tenth studio album by American rock band Phish , released on June 15 , 2004 , by Elektra Records . Undermind was Phish 's last album before their breakup in fall 2004 ( the band subsequently reformed in 2009 ) .   The album 's cover art appears to be a direct nod to either Let It Be , the final studio album by The Beatles , or Songs Of Faith And Devotion , the eight studio album by Depeche Mode . In a review of Undermind , Glide Magazine suggests that the album 's individual song contributions may also be intentionally `` Beatles-esque '' . While the bulk of the songs are by frontman Trey Anastasio and Phish lyricist Tom Marshall , keyboard player Page McConnell , bass guitarist Mike Gordon and drummer Jon Fishman all contributed one song each . `` Maggie 's Revenge '' is the album 's only instrumental .   One month before the album 's release , Anastasio ( and separately , McConnell ) announced on Phish.com that the band would take an indefinitely long hiatus following a final summer tour . As such , a number of the songs were not performed live before the break up , though most have been played since the band 's return in 2009 . Undermind '' 's songs remain among the least played originals in Phish 's large catalog .   Many reviews praised `` The Connection '' , calling it `` the most commanding '' and `` most commercially accessible '' song of Phish 's recording career to date . The song has not yet become a fixture in the band 's live rotation , however .   Early copies of the album included a DVD with the 25 minute documentary Specimens of Beauty , a behind the scenes film on the making of Undermind , directed by Danny Clinch .   An extended improvisational studio jam recorded at the start of the Undermind sessions was later released as the Headphones Jam at LivePhish.com . Two excerpts from the Headphones Jam were used for the Undermind album : `` Maggie 's Revenge '' and `` Tiny '' ( an internet-only bonus track ) .   In February 2009 , Undermind '' was made available as a download in FLAC and MP3 formats at LivePhish.com .

neg: Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics .   Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity .   The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .

neg: The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield .   Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves .   Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .

neg: Gamer (film) Gamer is a 2009 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor . The film stars Gerard Butler as a participant in an online game in which participants can control human beings as players , and Logan Lerman as the player who controls him . Alongside Butler and Lerman , it also stars Michael C. Hall , Ludacris , Amber Valletta , Terry Crews , Alison Lohman , John Leguizamo , and Zoe Bell .   Gamer was released in North America on September 4 , 2009 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics , who found the plot , direction , and script disappointing , though its performances , effects , and action sequences were praised . It received a mixed reception from audiences , and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 42 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 50 million .

neg: Forrest Landis Forrest Landis ( born August 9 , 1994 ) is an American actor , skateboarder , producer and writer . He is perhaps best known for his roles of Mark Baker in Cheaper by the Dozen and Rhett Loud in Flightplan . He has one sister named Lauren Landis . It is now believed that Landis has retired from acting and has taken up skateboarding .

neg: Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: Nick G. Miller Nick G. Miller ( born January 18 , 1964 in Dayton , Ohio ) , also known as Nick Miller , is an American businessperson . His main interests are within the entertainment industry , the marine industry , and business education . Miller is an award-winning screenwriter , filmmaker , movie producer , movie director , television producer , actor , music producer , film composer , public speaker , and philanthropist . He has owned various companies within the marine industry and is a consultant and keynote speaker .   His acting credits include The Last Marshal , The Librarians , Chronicles of an Exorcism , and Catch of a Lifetime . He has produced feature films and television shows such as Palmetto , The Unlikely 's , Catch of a Lifetime , E! Entertainment 's Wild On the Mark Cuban series Art Mann Presents , Talent Rock , and CBS Television 's The Music Cafe Presents ( co-produced with Greg Rike and Greg Rike Studios ) . In 2005 , Miller , along with producing partner Matthew Ashford did a test shoot for a screenplay they had written together in the horror film genre entitled Chronicles of an Exorcism . The film was originally shelved by Miller and his producers , but has since been released on DVD . In October 2008 the movie was one of the most watched horror movies of all time and was listed near the top 100 ( # 116 ) on the Internet Movie Database . Miller is currently post production on the movie Windwalkers and in pre production on a screenplay co-written with published author Timothy G. Grogan . In April 2014 , as executive producer , Miller 's romantic comedy , Catch of a Lifetime , directed by Ben Klopfenstein and written by Miller , Klopfenstein , and book author Connie Neumann , won the Audience Choice for Best Feature award at the Silver Springs International Film Festival .   Miller consults and works with companies on forming strategic alliance business plans via product placement , co-branding and media exposure . He has been instrumental in negotiating and placing products in feature films and television shows including War of the Worlds , I , Robot , Fun with Dick and Jane , Scream 3 , Charlie 's Angels , CSI : Miami , 24 , Nash Bridges , V.I.P. , and JAG .   Nick G. Miller produces and hosts sales and motivational training workshops across the globe . He has trained thousands of sales and service staff members from companies including FTD Flowers , Harley-Davidson , Featherlite Luxury Coaches , Bombardier , Platinum Coach Works , Northeast Marine Trade Association , Rio Roses , and many others .   Miller is also a music producer , and in 2009 became vice president of Living Legends Music , a property which includes a syndicated radio show , streaming iTunes radio , a DVD series , and the CBS television series The Music Cafe Presents , all featuring interviews with musicians . Miller also produced and hosted the 2009 DVD documentary Orleans : Official History & Music for the 1970s and 1980s band Orleans . He comes from a musical family dating back to 1940 when his great uncle Douglas Dalton , played mandolin and guitar for The Whippoorwills , Roy Rogers , Sons of the Pioneers , and other bands and musicians . Today , Miller performs with Nick Miller & The Gathering , a group consisting of rotating legendary musicians playing their own number one hits .   Miller 's companies have produced nightclub events , swimwear modeling competitions , and VIP parties for Corona Beer , Harley-Davidson , Loews Hotels , Gibson , Universal Studios Theme Parks , Six Flags Theme Parks and others .   Miller has been part of the marine industry since 1986 . As vice president , Miller played an instrumental part in resurrecting Donzi Marine in 1993 . Miller and Donzi Marine manager Steve Simon formed `` Team Donzi '' and raced a Donzi 38 ZX in the American Power Boat Association circuit . The team won two APBA/UIM World Championships five APBA National Championships . Under the same ownership group , Miller organized a marketing campaign and formed strategic alliances with non-endemic companies helping Pro-Line Boats become the # 1 selling fiberglass fishing boats in the United States . During the mid-2000s Miller consulted and worked with the offshore racing champion , Reggie Fountain and his company Fountain Powerboats . In 2012 he became a partner and shareholder of Sak Marine , a Georgia based company that manufactured Caravelle Boats , Key Largo Boats , Interceptor Performance Boats , Clearwater Fishing Boats , and Sea Hawk Boats .   Nick Miller was introduced to Burt Reynolds at his home in Florida . The lunch meeting resulted in Miller being offered acting roles in two of Reynolds ' films . Soon after he would meet the man who would become his mentor ; the late award-winning filmmaker John Daly , of which just some of his movies includes Platoon , The Terminator , The Falcon and the Snowman , Salvador , Full Metal Jacket , The Bodyguard , and The Legend of Zorro .

neg: The Mighty Ducks The Mighty Ducks is a 1992 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Herek , starring Emilio Estevez . It was produced by The Kerner Entertainment Company and Avnet -- Kerner Productions and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the first film in the Mighty Ducks trilogy .   In the UK , South Africa and Australia , the film was retitled Champions . Subsequently , UK home releases are now titled The Mighty Ducks Are the Champions , reflecting both titles , as well as to possibly avoid confusion with the sequel ( retitled as just The Mighty Ducks ) . The year after the film 's release , an NHL hockey club , named the `` Mighty Ducks '' in reference to the film , was founded in Anaheim , California .

neg: Jeff Garlin Jeffrey Todd `` Jeff '' Garlin ( born June 5 , 1962 ) is an American comedian , actor , producer , voice artist , director , writer , podcast host and author . He has acted in many television shows and some movies , is an expert in magic , and is known for his role as Jeff Greene on the HBO show Curb Your Enthusiasm , for which he was nominated for seven Emmys in his role as Executive Producer and two wins for Producing from the PGAs . He currently stars in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs .

neg: Cooking with Master Chefs: Hosted by Julia Child Cooking with Master Chefs was a PBS television cooking show that featured Julia Child visiting 16 celebrated chefs in the United States . An episode that featured Lidia Bastianich was nominated for a 1994 Emmy Award . Other chefs she visited included Emeril Lagasse , Jacques Pépin , and Alice Waters . The show featured a companion book of the same name , published in 1993 ( ISBN 0-679-74829-6 ) . Reruns of the show currently air on WUCF-TV .


query: The Taj Mahal's centerpiece is a tomb.

pos: Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal ( -LSB- ˌtɑːdʒ_məˈhɑːl -RSB- , more often -LSB- ˈtɑːʒ -RSB- meaning Crown of the Palace ) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra . It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor , Shah Jahan ( reigned 1628 -- 1658 ) , to house the tomb of his favourite wife , Mumtaz Mahal . The tomb is the centrepiece of a 42 acre complex , which includes a mosque and a guest house , and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall .   Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years . The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees , which in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees ( US$ 827 million ) . The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor , Ustad Ahmad Lahauri .   The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being `` the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world 's heritage '' . Described by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore as `` the tear-drop on the cheek of time '' , it is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India 's rich history . The Taj Mahal attracts 7 -- 8 million visitors a year . In 2007 , it was declared a winner of the New7Wonders of the World ( 2000 -- 2007 ) initiative .

neg: Dome A dome ( from Latin : domus ) is an architectural element that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere . The precise definition has been a matter of controversy . There are also a wide variety of forms and specialized terms to describe them . A dome can rest upon a rotunda or drum , and can be supported by columns or piers that transition to the dome through squinches or pendentives . A lantern may cover an oculus and may itself have another dome .   Domes have a long architectural lineage that extends back into prehistory and they have been constructed from mud , snow , stone , wood , brick , concrete , metal , glass , and plastic over the centuries . The symbolism associated with domes includes mortuary , celestial , and governmental traditions that have likewise developed over time .   Domes have been found from early Mesopotamia , which may explain the form 's spread . They are found in Persian , Hellenistic , Roman , and Chinese architecture in the Ancient world , as well as among a number of contemporary indigenous building traditions . They were popular in Byzantine and medieval Islamic architecture , and there are numerous examples from Western Europe in the Middle Ages . The Renaissance style spread from Italy in the Early modern period . Advancements in mathematics , materials , and production techniques since that time resulted in new dome types . The domes of the modern world can be found over religious buildings , legislative chambers , sports stadiums , and a variety of functional structures .

neg: Mosque of Ibn Tulun The Mosque of Ahmad Ibn Ţūlūn is located in Cairo , Egypt . It is arguably the oldest mosque in the city surviving in its original form , and is the largest mosque in Cairo in terms of land area .   The mosque was commissioned by Ahmad ibn Ţūlūn , the Turkic Abbassid governor of Egypt from 868 -- 884 whose rule was characterized by de facto independence . The historian al-Maqrizi lists the mosque 's construction start date as 876 AD , and the mosque 's original inscription slab identifies the date of completion as 265 AH , or 879 AD .   The mosque was constructed on a small hill called Gebel Yashkur , `` The Hill of Thanksgiving . '' One local legend says that it is here that Noah 's Ark came to rest after the Deluge , instead of at Mount Ararat .   The grand ceremonial mosque was intended as the focal point of Ibn Ţūlūn 's capital , al-Qata ` i , which served as the center of administration for the Tulunid dynasty . The mosque originally was backed by ibn Ţūlūn 's palace , and a door adjacent to the minbar allowed him direct entry to the mosque . Al-Qata ' i was razed in the early 10th century , AD , and the mosque is the only surviving structure .  The mosque was constructed in the Samarran style common with Abbasid constructions . The mosque is constructed around a courtyard , with one covered hall on each of the four sides , the largest being on the side of the qibla , or direction to Mecca . The original mosque had its ablution fountain ( sabil ) in the area between the inner and outer walls . A distinctive sabil with a high drum dome was added in the central courtyard at the end of the thirteenth century by the Sultan Lajīn .   There is significant controversy over the date of construction of the minaret , which features a helical outer staircase similar to that of the famous minaret in Samarra . It is also told that using these stairs one can climb up on a horse . Legend has it that ibn Ţūlūn himself was accidentally responsible for the design of the structure : supposedly while sitting with his officials , he absentmindedly wound a piece of parchment around his finger . When someone asked him what he was doing , he responded , embarrassed , that he was designing his minaret . Many of the architectural features , however , point to a later construction , in particular the way in which the minaret does not connect well with the main mosque structure , something that would have been averted had the minaret and mosque been built at the same time . Architectural historian Doris Behrens-Abouseif asserts that Sultan Lajīn , who restored the mosque in 1296 , was responsible for the construction of the current minaret .   The mosque has been restored several times . The first known restoration was in 1177 under orders of the Fatimid wazir Badr al-Jamālī , who left a second inscription slab on the mosque , which is noted for containing the Shī ' ī version of the shahada , adding the phrase `` And Ali is the wali of God '' after acknowledging the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad . Sultan Lajīn 's restoration of 1296 added several improvements . The mosque was most recently restored by the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities in 2004 .   During the medieval period , several houses were built up against the outside walls of the mosque . Most were demolished in 1928 by the Committee for the Conservation of Arab Monuments , however , two of the oldest and best-preserved homes were left intact . The `` house of the Cretan woman '' ( Bayt al-Kritliyya ) and the Beit Amna bint Salim , were originally two separate structures , but a bridge at the third floor level was added at some point , combining them into a single structure . The house , accessible through the outer walls of the mosque , is open to the public as the Gayer-Anderson Museum , named after the British general R.G. ` John ' Gayer-Anderson , who lived there until 1942 .   Parts of the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me were filmed at the mosque . The mosque is featured in the game Serious Sam 3 : BFE , forming a significant part of the game 's third level .

neg: Rumi Darwaza The Rumi Darwaza ( Hindi : रूमी दरवाज़ा , Urdu : رومی دروازه , and sometimes known as the Turkish Gate ) , in Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India , is an imposing gateway which was built under the patronage of Nawab Asaf-Ud-dowlah in 1784 . It is an example of Awadhi architecture . Being an entrance to the city of Lucknow , Russell , the reporter of The New York Times who accompanied the victorious British army that entered Lucknow in 1858 , after India 's First War of Independence , had called the stretch of road from Rumi Darwaza to Chattar Manzil the most beautiful and spectacular cityscape that he had ever seen , better than Rome , Paris , London and Constantinople . The Rumi Darwaza , which stands sixty feet tall , was modeled ( 1784 ) after the Sublime Porte ( Bab-iHümayun ) in Istanbul .   It is adjacent to the Asafi Imambara in Lucknow and has become a logo for the city of Lucknow . It used to mark the entrance to Old Lucknow City , but as the City of Nawabs grew and expanded , it was later used as an entrance to a palace which was later demolished by the British insurgents .

neg: Sheikh Chilli's Tomb Sheikh Chilli 's Tomb ( -LSB- ) is complex of structures located in Thanesar , Haryana , India , near Kurukshetra . It includes two tombs , a madarsa , mughal gardens and various subsequent features .

neg: North India North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India . The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indus-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas , which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia .   The term North India has varying definitions - the Ministry of Home Affairs in its Northern Zonal Council Administrative division included the states of Chandigarh , Delhi , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir , Punjab and Rajasthan . while the Ministry of Culture in its North Culture Zone includes the state of Uttarakhand but excludes Delhi whereas the Geological Survey of India includes Uttar Pradesh and Delhi but excludes Rajasthan and Chandigarh . Other states sometimes included are Bihar , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal .   North India has been the historical centre of the Mughal , Delhi Sultanate and British Indian Empires . It has a diverse culture , and includes the Hindu pilgrimage centres of Char Dham , Haridwar , Varanasi , Ayodhya , Mathura , Allahabad , Vaishno Devi and Pushkar , the Buddhist pilgrimage centres of Bodhgaya , Sarnath and Kushinagar , the Sikh Golden Temple as well as world heritage sites such as the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve , Khajuraho temples , Hill Forts of Rajasthan , Jantar Mantar ( Jaipur ) , Bhimbetka Caves , Sanchi monuments , Qutb Minar , Red Fort , Agra Fort , Fatehpur Sikri and the Taj Mahal .   The languages that have official status in one or more of the states and union territories located in North India are Hindi , Urdu , Punjabi , Kashmiri/Koshur , Dogri and English .

neg: Sennefer The Ancient Egyptian noble Sennefer was `` Mayor of the City '' ( i.e. Thebes ) and `` Overseer of the Granaries and Fields , Gardens and Cattle of Amun '' during the reign of Amenhotep II of the 18th dynasty . Being a favourite of the king he accumulated great wealth . He was also allowed to place a double statue of himself and his wife in the temple at Karnak . The famous garden plan , often described is Sennefer 's Garden , is more likely to be of a garden which Sennefer managed , and perhaps designed , than to be of a garden which Sennefer owned .   He was the son of Ahmose Humay , a male royal nurse , brother to Amenhotep II 's vizier Amenemopet , and married to the royal nurse Sentnay . His elder daughter Muttuy apparently married Kenamun , who succeeded Sennefer as mayor of Thebes . His brother Amenemipet called Pairy was buried close by in TT29 .   He was buried in a small but well decorated tomb ( TT96 , sometimes known as the `` Tomb of the Vineyards '' due to its decoration ) , located in the Sheikh Abd el-Qurna district of the Theban Necropolis opposite Luxor in Egypt .   However , some funerary items for Sennefer and his family have been found in KV42 , the tomb of Merytre-Hatshepsut , so he may have re-used this tomb for his actual burial . Some containers of Sennefer and Sentnay were also discovered in KV32 , the tomb of Queen Tiaa , wife of Amenhotep II and mother of Thutmose IV .

neg: Umm al-Qura Mosque The Umm al-Qura ( `` Mother of All Cities '' ) mosque in Baghdad is the city 's largest place of worship for Sunni Muslims . Originally called the Umm al-Ma ` arik ( `` Mother of All Battles '' ) mosque , it was designed to commemorate Saddam Hussein 's victory in the 1991 Gulf War and was intended to serve as a personal tribute to Saddam himself . It is located in the Sunni-populated al-Adel area of western Baghdad . Costing $ 7.5 million to build , the mosque 's cornerstone was laid on Saddam 's 61st birthday on 28 April 1998 . It was formally completed on 28 April 2001 in time for the ten-year anniversary of the Gulf War .   Although never confirmed by his regime or himself during his lifetime , there has been speculation that it was intended to have been Saddam 's final resting place .   Many architectural features of the mosque and the surrounding complex allude to either Saddam or the war ( or both ) . It has four minarets on its perimeter , each resembling a Kalashnikov rifle barrel and standing 43 m high , marking the 43 days of the Gulf War . Around the dome are another four minarets , each in the shape of a Scud missile on its launchpad standing 37 m high . The dome is set in the middle of a lake in the shape of the Arab world , in which was set a 7.5 m wide mosaic representation of Saddam 's thumbprint with an inset magnified version of his initials , made from gold . The mosque was formerly used to display a Qur ` an written in Saddam 's blood . The 28 fountains of the lake , the four inner minarets and the 37 m height of each minaret together represent the date of Saddam 's birth - 28 April 1937 . The building is constructed from white limestone with blue mosaic decorations , and red , white and black Iraqi flags are painted on the peaks of the inner minarets .   Following the fall of Saddam Hussein in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the mosque was taken over by a Sunni group called the Association of Muslim Scholars . It became a recruiting site and propaganda centre for the early Iraqi insurgency . The association became a de facto Al Qaeda ally ; its leader Harith Suleiman al-Dhari , who operated out of the mosque , is said to have played a key role in mobilizing insurgents during the 2004 fighting in Fallujah , west of Baghdad . In 2007 , the association was expelled by the Sunni Endowment , a quasi-governmental agency responsible for Sunni mosques in Iraq , which took control of Umm al-Qura .   On 28 August 2011 , the mosque was attacked by a suicide bomber during prayers , killing at least 28 people and injuring 30 more . An Iraqi member of parliament was among the dead .

neg: Mocárabe Mocárabe , Honeycomb work , or Stalactite work ( Arabic al-halimat al - ` uliya , `` the overhang '' ) is an ornamental design used in certain types of Islamic architecture that spread throughout the Islamic world in the 12th century . The design consists of a complex array of vertical prisms resembling stalactites . The terms mocárabe and muqarnas are similar and may be used interchangeably at times , but muqarnas do not necessarily have stalactite formations . The stalactite design may be a symbolic representation of the cave where Mohammed received the Koran . Mocárabe was used on friezes , vaults , windows , arches , and columns . The Nasrid dynasty of Granada used mocárabe extensively and used it around the capitals of its columns thereby making a new order of column .   Mocárabe was constructed in a variety of materials including wood and plaster . Under the Nasrid , mocárabe was originally carved into its medium . Later on , moulds were made to cast the designs with clay or plaster . The Nasrid used mocárabe in the Alhambra , most notably in the `` Sala de los Mocárabes . ''   Mocárabe was originally introduced to the Iberian Peninsula by the Almoravids .

neg: Menkauhor Kaiu Menkauhor Kaiu ( also known as Ikauhor and in Greek as Mencherês , Μεγχερῆς ) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Old Kingdom period . He was the seventh ruler of the Fifth Dynasty at the end of the 25th century BC or early in the 24th century BC .   Menkauhor ruled for possibly eight or nine years , following king Nyuserre Ini , and was succeeded in turn by Djedkare Isesi . Although Menkauhor is well attested by historical sources , few artifacts from his reign have survived . Consequently , his familial relation to his predecessor and successor is unclear , and no offspring of his have been identified . Khentkaus III may have been Menkauhor 's mother , as indicated by evidence discovered in her tomb in 2015 .   Beyond the construction of monuments , the only known activity dated to Menkauhor 's reign is an expedition to the copper and turquoise mines in Sinai . Menkauhor ordered the construction of a sun temple , called the `` Akhet-Ra '' , meaning `` The Horizon of Ra '' . The last ever to be built , this sun temple , known from inscriptions found in the tombs of its priests , is yet to be located . Menkauhor was buried in a small pyramid in Saqqara , which the Ancient Egyptians named Netjer-Isut Menkauhor , `` The Divine Places of Menkauhor '' . Known today as the Headless Pyramid , the ruin had been lost under shifting sands until its rediscovery in 2008 .   The figure of Menkauhor was at the centre of a long lasting funerary cult until the end of the Old Kingdom period , with at least seven agricultural domains producing goods for the necessary offerings . The cult of a deified Menkauhor , then known by the titles `` Strong Lord of the Two Lands , Menkauhor the Justified '' reappeared during the New Kingdom period ( c. 1550 -- c. 1077 BC ) , and lasted until at least the Nineteenth Dynasty ( c. 1292 -- c. 1077 BC ) , some 1200 years after his death .

neg: TT189 Tomb TT189 is located in the necropolis of El-Assasif in Thebes in Egypt . It contains the sepulchre of Nakhtdjehuty ( or Nakht-Thuty ) , who was an overseer of the carpenters of the northern lake of the god Amun and the head of the goldworkers in the Estate of Amun during the 19th dynasty reign of Ramesses II . Nakhtdjehuty 's tomb is part of the TT192 tomb complex .

neg: Mausoleum of Aga Khan The Mausoleum of Aga Khan is the mausoleum of Aga Khan III , Sir Sultan Muhammed Shah , who died in 1957 . The mausoleum is located at Aswan , along the Nile of Egypt , since Egypt was formerly the centre of power of the Fatimids .   The mausoleum is built in the style of the Fatimid tombs in Cairo . It is built of pink limestone , while the tomb is built of white Carrara marble . The Aga Khan was buried there two years after he died , since he used to spend part of the winter season living in a nearby villa .   A red rose is laid on the Aga Khan 's tomb everyday - a practice first started by the Aga Khan 's wife .

neg: Alhamra Arts Council Alhamra Arts Council ( also known as the Alhamra Hall , Alhamra Cultural Complex , Alhamra Art Gallery and Lahore Arts Council ) was designed by Nayyar Ali Dada and completed in 1992 .   The Alhamra Arts Council is located on a colonial-period road in Lahore , Pakistan , that was formerly known as Mall Road and has been renamed as Shahrah Quaid-e-Azam . The origins of the arts complex lie in an initial commission of Nayyar Ali Dada to design a 1000-seat auditorium for the Alhambra Arts Council ( AAC ) , of which he was a member . The AAC had been given the site by the government in the years immediately following independence but had generally staged its performances outdoors . The auditorium was completed in 1979 and replaced some temporary buildings .   A further three phases of construction followed that of the auditorium . There were commissioned from Dada by the Lahore Arts Council , a government agency that took over the project from the non-governmental AAC following a dispute concerning ownership of the land . The first of these phases was completed in 1984 and consisted of offices and art galleries housed in four octagonal structures . In the following year , a 450-seat theatre in hexagonal form was added to the existing auditorium and , in 1992 , an octagonal 250-seat facility for lectures and recitals was completed . The buildings are placed in a manner that creates semi-enclosed courtyards and the various polygonal shapes in their design are intended to enhance acoustics when used for performances .   The structures are influenced by Mughal architecture and are constructed using a veneer of handmade red bricks overlaying a concrete form . The bricks are bonded with a local mortar and reflect the construction of the historic Lahore Fort and Badshahi Mosque , as well as the red sandstone that was favoured by the Mughals .   The design was a winner of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1998 , when the jury described it as `` a rare example of flexible spaces that has enabled several additions to be made over time , each of which has in turn enhanced , rather than detracted from , its overall architectural value . This is a very popular and successful public building , projecting its complexities in a simple and powerful manner . ''

neg: Tomb of Salim Chishti The Tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti is famed as one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in India , built during the years 1580 and 1581 , along with the imperial complex at Fatehpur Sikri near Zenana Rauza and facing south towards Buland Darwaza , within the quadrangle of the Jama Masjid which measures 350 ft. by 440 ft. It enshrines the burial place of the Sufi saint , Salim Chisti ( 1478 -- 1572 ) , a descendant of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti of Ajmer , and who lived in a cavern on the ridge at Sikri . The mausoleum , constructed by Akbar as a mark of his respect for the Sufi saint , who foretold the birth of Akbar 's son , who was named Prince Salim after the Sufi Saint and later succeeded Akbar to the throne of the Mughal Empire , as Jahangir .

neg: Kotla Mohsin Khan Kotla Mohsin Khan was constructed in the mid-16th century in the old city of Peshawar , and today consists of two domed tombs and the famous majestic gateway , it was also the residence of Mazullah Khan , a 17th-century Pashto poet .   The last Mughal governor , Nawab Nasir Khan welcomed the Afghan King , Mohammed Nadir Shah and gave him the key to Peshawar in 1741 when he visited the city . This signaled the end of the Mughal Empire in Peshawar .   According to an earlier legend , the foundation of the gate was laid down in the latter half of the 16th century in the presence of renowned personalities of the time , Sheikh Kaka Sahib and Akhund Derwaza Baba .   It is also recorded that Arbab Mustajab Khan , being the representative of the Mughals , settled disputes amongst the Ghori Khel tribes in the balconies of the building . When the Mughals arrested Khushal Khan Khattak , Arbab Mustajab Khan , secured his release from the dungeon , through his personal efforts and kept him as a guest in the castle . On the orders of the ruler of Peshawar , when Khushal Khan Khattak was sent to Delhi , Mustajab Khan also accompanied his friend . This verse by Khushal Khan Khattak says :   I was accompanied on my journey  To Hind by Mustajab ,  Being a Khan , a Malik and an Arbab   The original name of this site was Kotla Mustajab Khan . It was renamed as Kotla Mohsin Khan due to the owner 's close relationship with Mustajab Khan during the reign of Afghan King , Ahmad Shah Durrani .   During the siege of Peshawar in 1830s , the Sikhs also burnt this site and it was later refurbished . The gate and minarets of Kotla Mohsin Khan are historical landmarks of the 16th - and 17th-century `` Roshnai period '' . Bayazid Ansari alias Pir Rokhan started his religious and political movement against the Mughal emperor Akbar from this site . Allah Dad Doshani alias Rashid Khan constructed minarets at this site to conduct judicial duties .  The `` Village Kotla Mohsin Khan was founded by the forefathers of Afghan Mohib Khel family , some four to five centuries ago or even before . Afghan Mohib Khel is one of the famous caste and sect of the Tapa Mohmand of Pushtoon tribe of district Peshawar . The individuals of Afghan Mohib Khel family were and are respectable people and every member of this family with little or great social status calls himself Malik . Therefore , every member of the Afghan Mohib Khel family of village Kotla Mohsin Khan was and is basically a malik . However , different Governments ( Mughals , and the British , etc. ) in the past bestowed the title of Arbab on some powerful individuals of this family and had also given them certain responsibilities/services which they had to render on behalf of the governments of the time . However , Malikee of the village has been revolved in the descendants of the two sons ; Jehangir and Allou of Malik Karam Khan of the same family ( Afghan Mohib Khel ) . In the 6th generation his great grandson Mushtaq Hussain S/O Abdul Hamid is a Malik of the Village Kotla Mohsin Khan .   Moreover , it may be understood that Arbab and Malik are two titles and not two separate castes/sects . Other families residing in the village are also respectable . They have their own castes and sects . However , it is clear that they had and have come to the village in the past from the different neighbouring areas/villages of Peshawar district or other districts in the province . Arbabs and Maliks of village Kotla Mohsin Khan are both Afghan Mohib Khel by caste and sect and have common genealogy . -LSB- see Naqal Shajara-i-Maleekan Muza Kotla Mohsin Khan , Tehsil Wa Zela Peshawar Sal-i-Bandubast-1870 , Tawareekh-i-Peshawar by Gopal Dass and Revenue record of the village Kotla Mohsin Khan Peshawar -RSB- .

neg: Teen Murti Bhavan The Teen Murti Bhavan ( Teen Murti House ) is the former residence of the first Prime Minister of India , Jawaharlal Nehru in Delhi , India , who stayed here for 16 years until his death on May 27 , 1964 . It was designed by Robert Tor Russell , the British architect of Connaught Place and of the Eastern and Western Courts on Janpath during the British Raj . Teen Murti Bhavan was built in 1930 as part of the new imperial capital of India , New Delhi as the residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army .   Today , Teen Murti houses various institutions including the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library ( NMML ) , which runs under the Indian Ministry of Culture , and has Dr. Karan Singh as the chairman of its Executive Council . The complex also houses the offices of the ` Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund ' , established in 1964 under the Chairmanship of Dr S. Radhakrishnan , then President of India . Teen Murti Bhavan also contains a number of mementos from various nations including England , Nepal , Somalia , China , etc. . Each memento represents a notable resource of each nation . The foundation also awards the ` Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fellowship ' , established in 1968 .   Also contained within the complex are the ` Centre for Contemporary Studies ' and the Nehru Planetarium which opened in 1984 .

neg: Hajj The Hajj ( -LSB- hædʒ -RSB- -LSB- `` pilgrimage '' ) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca , the most holy city of the Muslims , and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey , and can support their family during their absence . It is one of the five pillars of Islam , alongside Shahadah , Salat , Zakat , and Sawm . The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world . The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called istita'ah , and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a mustati . The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people , and their submission to God ( Allah ) . The word Hajj means `` to intend a journey '' , which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions .   The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th ( or in some cases 13th ) of Dhu al-Hijjah , the last month of the Islamic calendar . Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year , the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year . Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions .   The Hajj is associated with the life of Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century , but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Abraham . During Hajj , pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people , who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj , and perform a series of rituals : each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'aba ( the cube-shaped building and the direction of prayer for the Muslims ) , runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah , drinks from the Zamzam Well , goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil , spends a night in the plain of Muzdalifa , and performs symbolic stoning of the devil by throwing stones at three pillars . The pilgrims then shave their heads , perform a ritual of animal sacrifice , and celebrate the three-day global festival of Eid al-Adha .   Pilgrims can also go to Mecca to perform the rituals at other times of the year . This is sometimes called the `` lesser pilgrimage '' , or Umrah . However , even if they choose to perform the Umrah , they are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so , because Umrah is not a substitute for Hajj .

neg: Mastaba A mastaba ( -LSB- 'm æstəbə -RSB- , -LSB- 'm ɑːstɑːbɑː -RSB- or -LSB- mɑː ` stɑːbɑː -RSB- ) or pr-djt ( meaning `` house for eternity '' or `` eternal house '' in Ancient Egyptian ) is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed , rectangular structure with inward sloping sides , constructed out of mud-bricks ( from the Nile River ) . These edifices marked the burial sites of many eminent Egyptians during Egypt 's Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom . In the Old Kingdom epoch , local kings began to be buried in pyramids instead of in mastabas , although non-royal use of mastabas continued for over a thousand years . Egyptologists call these tombs mastaba , which is the Arabic word for `` stone bench '' .

neg: Islamic art Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations . It is thus a very difficult art to define because it covers many lands and various peoples over some 1,400 years ; it is not art specifically of a religion , or of a time , or of a place , or of a single medium like painting . The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article , leaving fields as varied as calligraphy , painting , glass , pottery , and textile arts such as carpets and embroidery .   Islamic art is not at all restricted to religious art , but includes all the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well . It frequently includes secular elements and elements that are frowned upon , if not forbidden , by some Islamic theologians . Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions , specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art , with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains . Figurative painting may cover religious scenes , but normally in essentially secular contexts such as the walls of palaces or illuminated books of poetry . The calligraphy and decoration of manuscript Qur ` ans is an important aspect , but other religious art such as glass mosque lamps and other mosque fittings such as tiles ( e.g. Girih tiles ) , woodwork and carpets usually have the same style and motifs as contemporary secular art , although with religious inscriptions even more prominent .   `` Islamic art developed from many sources : Roman , Early Christian art , and Byzantine styles were taken over in early Islamic art and architecture ; the influence of the Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia was of paramount significance ; Central Asian styles were brought in with various nomadic incursions ; and Chinese influences had a formative effect on Islamic painting , pottery , and textiles . '' Though the whole concept of `` Islamic art '' has been criticised by some modern art historians , calling it a `` figment of imagination '' or a `` mirage '' ,  the similarities between art produced at widely different times and places in the Islamic world , especially in the Islamic Golden Age , have been sufficient to keep the term in wide use by scholars .   There are repeating elements in Islamic art , such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as the arabesque . The arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent , indivisible and infinite nature of God . Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only God can produce perfection , although this theory is disputed .   Typically , though not entirely , Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns , whether purely geometric or floral , and Arabic calligraphy , rather than on figures , because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry and thereby a sin against God , forbidden in the Qur ` an . Human portrayals can be found in all eras of Islamic art , above all in the more private form of miniatures , where their absence is rare . Human representation for the purpose of worship is considered idolatry and is duly forbidden in some interpretations of Islamic law , known as Sharia law . There are also many depictions of Muhammad , Islam 's chief prophet , in historical Islamic art . Small decorative figures of animals and humans , especially if they are hunting the animals , are found on secular pieces in many media from many periods , but portraits were slow to develop .

neg: Sidi Saiyyed Mosque The Sidi Saiyyed Mosque more popularly known as `` Sidi Saiyyid ki Jaali '' ( Sidi Saiyyed Ni Jaali ) , built in 1573 , is one of the most famous mosques of Ahmedabad . As attested by the marble tablet fixed on the wall of the mosque , it was built by Sidi Saeed or Sidi Saiyyed , an Abyssinian in the retinue of Bilal Jhajar Khan , general in the army of the last Sultan Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III of the Gujarat Sultanate .   The mosque was built in the last year of the existence of Sultanate of Gujarat . The mosque is entirely arcuated and is famous for beautifully carved ten stone latticework windows ( jalis ) on the side and rear arches . The rear wall is filled with square stone pierced panels in geometrical designs . The two bays flanking the central aisle have reticulated stone slabs carved in designs of intertwined trees and foliage and a palm motif . This intricately carved lattice stone window is the Sidi Saiyyed Jali , the unofficial symbol of city of Ahmedabad and the inspiration for the design of the logo of the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad .   The central window arch of the mosque , where one would expect to see another intricate jali , is instead walled with stone . This is possibly because the mosque was not completed according to plan before the Mughals invaded Gujarat .

neg: Cave of the Patriarchs The Cave of the Patriarchs , also called the Cave of Machpelah ( Hebrew : מערת המכפלה , , trans . `` cave of the double tombs '' ) and known by Muslims as the Sanctuary of Abraham or the Ibrahimi Mosque , is a series of subterranean chambers located in the heart of the old city of Hebron ( Al-Khalil ) in the Hebron Hills . According to tradition that has been associated with the Holy Books Torah , Bible and Quran , the cave and adjoining field were purchased by Abraham as a burial plot .   The site of the Cave of the Patriarchs is located beneath a Saladin-era mosque , which had been converted from a large rectangular Herodian-era Judean structure .   Dating back over 2,000 years , the monumental Herodian compound is believed to be the oldest continuously used intact prayer structure in the world , and is the oldest major building in the world that still fulfills its original function.The Hebrew name of the complex reflects the very old tradition of the double tombs of Abraham and Sarah , Isaac and Rebecca , Jacob and Leah , considered the Patriarchs and Matriarchs of the Jewish people , who are all believed to be buried there . The only Jewish matriarch missing is Rachel , who is believed to be buried at Rachel 's Tomb near Bethlehem .  The Arabic name of the complex reflects the prominence given to Abraham , revered by Muslims as a Quranic prophet and patriarch through Ishmael . Outside biblical and Quranic sources there are a number of legends and traditions associated with the cave . In Acts 7:16 of the Christian Bible the cave of the Patriarchs is located in Shechem ( Neapolis Arabic : Nablus ) .


query: Brian Wilson had tension with the other Beach Boys due to his erratic behavior.

pos: Brian Wilson Brian Douglas Wilson ( born June 20 , 1942 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter , and record producer best known for being the multi-tasking leader and co-founder of the rock band the Beach Boys . After signing with Capitol Records in 1962 , Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits for the group . Because of his unorthodox approaches to song composition and arrangement and mastery of recording techniques , he is widely acknowledged , by critics and musicians alike , as one of the most innovative and influential creative forces in popular music .   In the mid-1960s , Wilson composed , arranged and produced Pet Sounds ( 1966 ) , considered one of the greatest albums ever made . The intended follow-up to Pet Sounds , Smile , was canceled for various reasons , which included Wilson 's deteriorating mental health . As he suffered repeated nervous breakdowns , Wilson 's contributions to the Beach Boys diminished , and his erratic behavior led to tensions with the band . Following a court-ordered removal from the care of psychologist Eugene Landy , Wilson started receiving conventional medical treatment , and in the late 1990s , he began performing and recording consistently as a solo artist . He remains a member of the Beach Boys ' corporation , Brother Records Incorporated .   Wilson is considered a major innovator in the field of music production , the principal originator of the California Sound , one of the first music producer auteurs , and one of the most famous examples of the outsider musician . Only 21 years old when he received the freedom to produce his own records with total creative autonomy , he ignited an explosion of like-minded California producers , supplanting New York as the center of popular records , and becoming the first rock producer to use the studio as its own instrument . Wilson effectively set a precedent that allowed bands and artists to enter a recording studio and act as their own producers or co-producers . His songs became inextricably tied with the zeitgeist of the early 1960s , and he helped develop the sound of the wistful Flower Power era that proceeded . In later years , Wilson was regarded as a `` godfather '' to an era of indie musicians who were inspired by his melodic sensibilities , chamber pop orchestrations , and recording explorations .   His honors include being inducted into the 1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and winning Grammy Awards for Brian Wilson Presents Smile ( 2004 ) and The Smile Sessions ( 2011 ) . In lists published by Rolling Stone , Wilson ranked 52 for the `` 100 Greatest Singers of All Time '' in 2008 and 12 for the `` 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time '' in 2015 . In 2012 , music publication NME ranked Wilson number 8 in its `` 50 Greatest Producers Ever '' list , elaborating `` few consider quite how groundbreaking Brian Wilson 's studio techniques were in the mid-60s '' . He is an occasional actor and voice actor , having appeared in television shows , films , and other artists ' music videos . His life was portrayed in the 2014 biopic Love & Mercy , which received a wide release in 2015 .

neg: Fall Breaks and Back to Winter (W. Woodpecker Symphony) `` Fall Breaks and Back to Winter ( W. Woodpecker Symphony ) '' is an instrumental composed by Brian Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys . Released in 1967 as the second track on the group 's album Smiley Smile , the composition derives from `` Fire '' -- a piece recorded by Wilson several months earlier , but left unreleased due to his paranoia .

neg: Sunshine pop Sunshine pop ( originally `` soft pop '' ) is a subgenre of pop music originating in Southern California in the mid-1960s , although it only acquired the name later . Rooted in easy-listening , advertising jingles , and the growing drug culture , sunshine pop acts purveyed a lightly produced style that combined nostalgic or anxious moods with `` an appreciation for the beauty of the world '' .   It began as an outgrowth of the 1960s California Sound and folk rock movements , largely consisting of lesser-known artists who imitated more popular groups like the Beach Boys , the Mamas & the Papas , and the 5th Dimension . While the Beach Boys are noted as prominent influences , they rarely worked in the genre . Sunshine pop is characterized by lush vocals and light arrangements similar to samba music . In some ways the genre is similar to baroque pop music through being elaborate and melancholic , though it also crossed into folk pop and Brill Building styles .   Sunshine pop enjoyed mainstream success in the latter half of the decade , with many of its top 40 hits peaking in the spring and summer of 1967 , especially just before the Summer of Love . Popular bands include the Mamas & the Papas , the Turtles , and the Association . Other acts , like the Millennium , Sagittarius , and the Yellow Balloon were less successful but gained a cult following years later ; with albums like Begin ( 1968 ) and Present Tense ( 1968 ) highly sought-after on the collectors ' market .

neg: Feel Flows `` Feel Flows '' is a song written by Carl Wilson and Jack Rieley for American rock band the Beach Boys . It was released on their 1971 album Surf 's Up .

neg: Wipe Out (instrumental) `` Wipe Out '' is an instrumental composed by Bob Berryhill , Pat Connolly , Jim Fuller , and Ron Wilson . It is a twelve bar blues first performed and recorded by the Surfaris , who were elevated to international status with the release of the `` Surfer Joe '' and `` Wipe Out '' single in 1963 .   The single was first issued on the tiny DFS label ( # 11/12 ) in January 1963 . It was reissued on the tiny Princess label ( # 50 ) in February 1963 , and finally picked up for national distribution on Dot 45-16479 in April 1963 . Dot reissued the single in April 1965 as 45-144 .   The song -- both the Surfaris ' version as well as cover versions -- has been featured in over 20 films and television series since 1964 , appearing at least once a decade .   The term `` wipe out '' refers to a fall from a surfboard , especially one that looks painful .

neg: Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio .   Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . ''   During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation .   Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''

neg: Good Vibrations: Thirty Years of The Beach Boys Good Vibrations : Thirty Years of The Beach Boys is a 1993 boxed set released by Capitol Records which collects tracks spanning The Beach Boys ' entire career to that point on four CDs . A fifth disc contains mostly studio session tracks , complete vocal and instrumental tracks , and rare live performances . The set also includes a car window decal . Though it never charted , Good Vibrations : Thirty Years of The Beach Boys went gold in the US just over four months after its release .   The first four discs anthologize the band with mostly mono single versions , but also several demos and unreleased songs ; the tracks are organized essentially in chronological order . Included is 30 minutes of music from the 1966/1967 Smile sessions , which had never been officially released , though had been heavily bootlegged for years . In addition , there is a hidden recording at the end of Disc 1 of a young Brian Wilson singing `` Happy Birthday Four Freshmen '' to his favorite vocal group into his multi-track tape recorder in 1960 .

neg: Holland (album) Holland is the 19th studio album by the American rock group the Beach Boys , released on January 8 , 1973 . Self-produced by the band , the album peaked at number 36 in the US and number 20 in the UK . The album is the last to feature Blondie Chaplin and Ricky Fataar , who joined the band the previous year to record Carl and the Passions - So Tough ( 1972 ) .   Holland was mostly recorded in Baambrugge , Netherlands over the summer of 1972 using a reconstructed studio sent from California , and with two Brian Wilson tracks rush-recorded in Los Angeles and added to the album at the last minute . The photograph on the album 's front cover is an upside down image of the Kromme Waal , a canal that runs through the center of Amsterdam .   Holland included a bonus EP , Mount Vernon and Fairway ( A Fairy Tale ) , a musical fairy tale written by Brian Wilson about a magical transistor radio who appears to a young prince . Narration was provided by the group 's manager : Jack Rieley .

neg: Carl Wilson Carl Dean Wilson ( December 21 , 1946 -- February 6 , 1998 ) was an American musician , singer , songwriter , and record producer who co-founded the Beach Boys . He is best remembered as their lead guitarist and as the youngest brother of bandmates Brian and Dennis Wilson .   Influenced by the guitar playing of Chuck Berry and the Ventures , Carl 's initial role in the group was that of lead guitarist and backing vocals , but he performed lead vocals on several of their hits , including `` God Only Knows '' ( 1966 ) and `` Good Vibrations '' ( 1966 ) . Unlike other members of the band , he often played alongside the studio musicians employed during the group 's critical and commercial peak in the mid 1960s . After Brian began withdrawing from the group , Carl was forced to take a more active production role , and he became the band 's musical director on stage from 1965 until his death from lung cancer in 1998 .   During the 1980s , he attempted to launch a solo career , releasing the albums Carl Wilson ( 1981 ) and Young Blood ( 1983 ) . Shortly before his death , he recorded material with Gerry Beckley and Robert Lamm , later released for the posthumous album Like a Brother ( 2000 ) .   In 1988 , Carl was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys .

neg: Sandin Wilson Sandin Wilson ( born October 6 , 1959 in Medford , Oregon ) is a veteran bassist and vocalist from the Pacific Northwest . As a youth , Sandin played football , baseball , and was involved in music early on , convinced by his Mom , `` it will be good for you '' .   Orchestra was Sandin 's first calling on the acoustic bass violin , with a trip to NYC with `` America 's Youth in Concert '' in 1976 , at age 16 , to play Carnegie Hall , and 9 European Countries .   Sandin picked up the electric and fretless bass as a 9th grader , and took his musical journey a bit further .   A year attending Mt. Hood Community College was next after graduating from Medford Sr. . High in 1978 . Sandin went on to perform with the groups , Freeway , Calvin Walker band , The 3 Humans , Caryl Mack band , Quarterflash , Nu Shooz , Soul vaccination , Linda Hornbuckle , and METRO . In 2003 , Sandin released his first solo CD , Into My World ( Microfish Music ) , with bassist Jimmy Haslip , of the `` Yellowjackets '' fame , getting Executive producer credits and Haslip contributing 2 tracks from his songwriting portfolio .   Sandin 's second solo project was recorded live to 2-track on October 2006 at Jimmy Maks Jazz club in Portland , Oregon . Entitled , `` Sandin Wilson Group '' , a `` Night on the Town '' ( 2007 , Microfish Music ) , it is a very live recording featuring stellar bass and vocal performances from Sandin and his 6 piece group .   Aside from his solo projects , the `` Sandin Wilson Group '' and Sandin Wilson Trio , he also tours with vocalist/songwriter Gino Vannelli . Sandin has recorded two DVDs with Gino Vannelli 's band , one on the Orange lounge.com site and also a Live DVD while performing at the Java Jazz festival in Jakarta , Indonesia .   Sandin has recorded on over 120 CDs to date and has recorded ( on the album Girl In the Wind ) and toured with the band Quarterflash , Nu Shooz and opened shows for people such as Kenny Loggins , Chaka Khan , Tower of Power , The Nevell Brothers and Level 42 . Sandin 's most recent gigs with Gino Vannelli have been in Jakarta , at the `` Java Jazz Festival '' , in Indonesia , `` Cape Town South Africa Jazz Festival '' , and the Suncoast Casino in Las Vegas , Nevada .

neg: The Endless Summer The Endless Summer is a seminal 1966 surf movie ( the initial release was in 1964 , world-wide release was 1966 ) .   Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers , Mike Hynson and Robert August , on a surfing trip around the world . Despite the balmy climate of their native California , cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter . They travel to the coasts of Australia , New Zealand , Tahiti , Hawaii , Senegal , Ghana , Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport . Other important surfers of the time , such as Miki Dora , Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear .   Its title comes from the idea , expressed at both the beginning and end of the film , that if one had enough time and money it would be possible to follow the summer up and down the world ( northern to southern hemisphere and back ) , making it endless . The concept of the film was born through the suggestion of a travel agent to Bruce Brown during the planning stages of the film . The travel agent suggested that the flight from Los Angeles to Cape Town , South Africa and back would cost $ 50 more than a trip circumnavigating the world . After which , Bruce came up with the idea of following the summer season by traveling up and down the world .   The narrative presentation eases from the stiff and formal documentary of the 1950s and early 1960s to a more casual and fun-loving personal style filled with sly humor . The surf rock soundtrack to the film was provided by The Sandals . The `` Theme to the Endless Summer '' was written by Gaston Georis and John Blakeley of the Sandals . It has become one of the best known film themes in the surf movie genre .   When the movie was first shown , it encouraged many surfers to go abroad , giving birth to the `` surf-and-travel '' culture , with prizes for finding `` uncrowded surf '' , meeting new people and riding the perfect wave . It also introduced the sport , which had become popular outside of Hawaii and the Polynesian Islands in places like California and Australia , to a broader audience . In addition , it set the style for later surf-and-travel movies , including Momentum , ( These Are ) Better Days , and Thicker Than Water .

neg: Jeffrey Foskett Jeffrey `` Jeff '' Foskett is an American singer , record producer , arranger and guitarist best known for his work with Brian Wilson and The Beach Boys . Foskett is described as The Beach Boys ' `` vice principal '' by its core members .

neg: Bellevue murders The Bellevue murders , or the Bellevue massacre , occurred on the night of January 3 and early morning of January 4 , 1997 , when Alex Baranyi and David Anderson , both 17 , lured Kim Wilson , 20 , to a Bellevue , Washington park and murdered her . Afterwards , they entered her family home and murdered Bill Wilson , his wife Rose Wilson , and their other daughter , Julia Wilson . Both Baranyi and Anderson were convicted and sentenced to serve four consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole .   Although the motives behind the murders were unclear , the boys exhibited psychological disturbance when they were brought in for questioning . When Baranyi was questioned about his motives , he calmly replied that he wanted to kill someone because he was `` in a rut '' . Testimonies by Baranyi and Anderson led investigators to suggest that they killed the Wilson family for the sheer experience of killing .

neg: Farewell My Friend `` Farewell My Friend '' is a song written by Dennis Wilson . It was released as the tenth track for his 1977 solo album Pacific Ocean Blue . The song was released as a single in Europe as the B-side of the `` River Song '' single . The single however , failed to chart . The track , as with the rest of the album , was credited as having been produced by Dennis Wilson and his close friend Gregg Jakobson . Dennis Wilson sings the lead vocals on this and every other track on the album . The song also features vocals from his brother , Carl Wilson .   The song was written as a tribute to Otto Hinsche , the father of Billy Hinsche and the father-in-law of Dennis Wilson 's brother Carl , who was married to Annie Hinsche . Dennis wrote this tribute to Otto Hinsche , as he had died in Dennis 's arms . Dennis described the song as `` sort of a happy farewell '' .   The song was played at Wilson 's funeral in January 1984 .

neg: Elvis Presley's guitars Elvis Presley 's guitars were a major component of the iconic rock and roll image created by Elvis Presley that revolutionized popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s . It is impossible to gauge the impact of that image on millions of young people around the world who were inspired to learn to play guitar after watching Presley in performance , on television , or in films . Although not known for his abilities as a guitarist , Presley had a profound musical influence on some of the most important rock and roll artists to emerge since the 1950s , including Buddy Holly , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , Bob Dylan , and Bruce Springsteen . The extent of Presley 's impact on their lives and music is captured in John Lennon 's famous quote : `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . ''   According to his first lead guitarist , Scotty Moore , Presley was not `` an accomplished musician '' , yet he possessed `` an uncanny and amazing sense of timing and rhythm . '' In the early years of his career , Presley 's rhythm guitar accompaniment played a major role in the sound of his early performances and recordings . Moore noted that as Presley began to learn to move on stage and to work the audience with his physical performance , his guitar became more of a `` prop '' .   Presley was not known to treat his instruments in a gentle manner . His very aggressive strumming style would frequently break strings during his performances . The lack of a microphone on his guitar throughout those years contributed to the development of his `` aggressive style in attempt to be heard '' . As his career progressed , he became even more aggressive toward his instruments , frequently tossing his guitar to Charlie Hodge , who sometimes failed to catch it . The impact of the large belt buckles and jewelry he wore left their marks on most of his instruments .

neg: Ricky Wilson (American musician) Ricky Helton Wilson ( March 19 , 1953 -- October 12 , 1985 ) was an American musician best known as the original guitarist and founding member of rock band the B-52 's . Born in Athens , Georgia , Wilson was the brother of fellow member Cindy Wilson . The B-52 's was founded in 1977 , when Ricky , his sister Cindy , Kate Pierson , Keith Strickland and Fred Schneider shared a tropical Flaming Volcano drink at a Chinese restaurant and , after an impromptu music session at the home of their friend Owen Scott III , played for the first time at a Valentine 's Day party for friends .   On October 12 , 1985 , at the age of 32 , Wilson died from complications related to AIDS following the recording of the band 's fourth studio album Bouncing off the Satellites . According to Keith Strickland , the album had been completed and mixed before Ricky 's death , with only the cover art not yet designed ( an illustration by Kenny Scharf was ultimately decided upon ) . Devastated , the band went into seclusion and did not tour to promote the album , although did several photo shoots and TV appearances , as well as filming a video for `` Girl From Ipanema Goes To Greenland '' .   In addition to his work with The B-52 's , Wilson played the guitar on the song `` Breakin ' In My Heart '' on Tom Verlaine 's self-titled debut album in 1979 . This was his only non-B-52 's appearance on record . He also appeared in various films , namely One Trick Pony . Posthumously he also appeared in Athens , GA : Inside/Out , The B-52 's 1979-1989 , and The B-52 's Time Capsule : Videos for a Future Generation 1979-1998 through archival footage .

neg: River Song (Dennis Wilson song) `` River Song '' is a song written by Dennis Wilson and his younger brother Carl Wilson . It served as the opening track for Dennis Wilson 's 1977 debut solo album Pacific Ocean Blue . The song was released as a single in Europe with the B-side being `` Farewell My Friend '' . The single however , failed to chart . The track , as with the rest of the album , was credited as being produced by Dennis and his close friend Gregg Jakobson . Dennis Wilson sings the lead vocals on this and every other track on the album .

neg: Winslow Wilson Arthur William Wilson ( July 20 , 1892 -- November 18 , 1974 ) was an American artist who painted under several known pseudonyms , including Winslow Wilson and Pico Miran . In Gloucester , Wilson/Miran has been considered an early actor in the Post Modern Art Movement . He is widely quoted from his Manifesto For Post-Modern Art , published in 1951 , under the name Pico Miran .   Wilson was born in Brady , Texas in 1892 , one of five sons of Horace and Stella Wilson . The family moved to Junction , Texas , and it was here that he graduated high school . He attended Texas A&M in 1910-1911 as a Chemical Engineering Major , but transferred to Harvard with the support of professors at Texas A&M . Wilson attended Harvard College between 1911-1915 , becoming an Editor of The Harvard Monthly with his friends John Dos Passos and E. E. Cummings . Wilson would go on to share an apartment at 21 East 15th Street in New York City with E.E. Cummings . He enlisted in the U.S. Military during 1917-1919 , joining John Dos Passos and E.E. Cummings and other Harvard students in France . He spent time in Paris with E.E. Cummings , and mingled with Salvador Dali , Pablo Picasso and other influential painters of the period in London and Paris in the 1920s . In fact , Wilson maintained lifelong friendships with many of the Harvard Aesthetes , including Cummings and Dos Passos . During his days at Harvard , Wilson was playfully known as `` Tex '' , a nickname that stayed with him for life .   Wilson was active in the New York , NY , Lime Rock , CT , Newport , RI , Gloucester , MA , and Rockport , MA art scenes between the 1930 's -- 1972 . Wilson painted post-modern artwork utilizing the name Pico Miran in his Gloucester , Massachusetts studio , taught portraiture at the Rockport Art Association in Rockport , Massachusetts under the name Winslow Wilson , and painted seascapes as Winslow Wilson in his Rockport , Massachusetts studio .   Wilson was strongly influenced by his time at Harvard and World War I . In addition to a tragic event in Boston which resulted in the death of one of Wilson 's friends in 1912 , there is evidence that Wilson encountered trauma during World War I. Art became a vehicle through which Wilson found solace . His Post-Modern artwork is replete with images of industrial and nuclear effects upon the common man , and those who knew him confirm that he was consumed with the concept of a nuclear holocaust . Growing up in rural Texas , to a life in Boston and New York , friendships with intellectuals , Wilson 's writings reveal a man who held his craft and opinions in high regard . Understanding that Wilson eschewed family relationships while fully immersing himself as a bit of an artistic recluse , provides an insight into the life of this artist .   Wilson painted seascapes in his Rockport , Massachusetts studio . His seascapes were exhibited at Vose Gallery in Boston . In a letter dated January 24 , 1991 , Robert C. Vose , Jr. , of Vose Gallery , confirmed that the gallery `` did give -LCB- Wilson -RCB- an exhibition in our galleries in Boston '' and stated `` We thought of -LCB- the paintings -RCB- of excellent quality , and much in the spirit of Frederick Waugh '' . Eleanor Roosevelt chaired a one-man art show held in New York City entitled `` Paintings of the Sea '' . On June 4 , 1951 , the First Lady , Eleanor Roosevelt `` blogged '' in her My Day report , that she had visited this exhibit , and she reported :   `` In certain ones the light made one think of tropical climates ; in others the shores of Maine seemed to stand out . More often the sky and the sea were stormy , but the light was nearly always breaking through . Let us hope that out of this turbulent period in history the light will break through for all human beings '' .   Under the pseudonym of Pico Miran painted in his Gloucester studio . Upon occasion , he would have a visitor , however the room in which he painted was never open . His post-modern art , or as he referred to it as `` super-realistic '' , is replete with political and religious tones , and is highly reflective of the nuclear and mechanical themes of the period .   Wilson was a member of the Rockport Art Association from 1946 through 1972 , and for many of those years he taught portraiture . His portraits have included local Gloucester residents and friends .   Following Wilson 's death in 1974 , his long-term companion , Jane Grey ( an accomplished portrait artist ) , gifted his paintings to his only son , Horace Peter Wilson . Those paintings remained stored in Kansas City until 2012 , at which time the paintings were distributed to Wilson 's grandchildren .   In 2014 , Dave Rich , a Gloucester native , stated in a correspondence with Peter Anastas :   `` ... would take an interest in the precocious postmodernism of Pico Miran . His value lies in his theorizing postmodernity , and making the first forays into postmodern visual art -- the seascapes were a virtuoso performance ; Winslow was no less a character than Pico or Tex. . In that sense he was a performance artist . A kind of Andy Kaufman who took personae and masks to the extreme . On this conceptual level , if explained as such , Wilson ought to be recovered ; and could be recovered by an astute and enterprising curator . ''   The paintings are in the process of being professionally restored and framed , and efforts are underway to showcase Wilson 's paintings . A website exists with the roots of a biography about the artist , currently being documented and researched by Claudia Wilson Howard in conjunction with interested parties across the United States .

neg: When I Grow Up (To Be a Man) `` When I Grow Up ( To Be a Man ) '' is a song written and composed by Brian Wilson with additional lyrics by Mike Love for the American rock band The Beach Boys . It was released on their 1965 album The Beach Boys Today ! and as a single the previous year hit number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , number seven in Cash Box , number five in Variety and number three in the Associated Press/Gilbert Youth chart . It spent two weeks at number one in Canada 's national RPM chart . The B-side of the single was `` She Knows Me Too Well '' and stopped one place under the Hot 100 .

neg: All I Want to Do (The Beach Boys song) `` All I Want to Do '' is a song written by Dennis Wilson . It was recorded by American rock band The Beach Boys for their 1969 album 20/20 . It was later released as the b-side to `` I Can Hear Music '' , a single which charted at # 24 in the U.S. and at # 10 in the U.K. .

neg: Brian Walton (musician) Brian George Walton Jr. ( born October 8 , 1964 in Duarte , California ) is an American Country , Southern rock , and Classic rock multi-instrumentalist , songwriter , producer and singer . In 1991 , he made his debut releasing the album `` Made in the Shade '' which included the billboard Country Chart Top 5 hits `` Made in the Shade '' and `` Travelin ' Band '' . Since then he has released three more albums , including the highly successful `` Made in the Shade Live ! '' album recorded during live performances in 2001 .   Brian studied music at Juilliard and has been a long time member of the Songwriters Guild of America , American Music Association and ASCAP . In the last 30 years he has written and/or produced over 400 jingles for radio and television , 5 Billboard hits and produced 4 Top 100 albums . He currently lives in Challis , Idaho with his wife Inge . Brian has three sons Christopher ( 28 ) and Patrick ( 24 ) from his current wife Inge and Stephan ( 29 ) from a previous marriage . Brian considers himself `` genre agnostic '' preferring a wide range of musical styles although country and country rock is where he has had the most success .