query: Grunge became commercially successful due in part to Alice in Chains' Dirt and Stone Temple Pilots' Core.

pos: Grunge Grunge ( sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound ) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington , particularly in Seattle and nearby towns . The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle 's independent record label Sub Pop and that region 's underground music scene . By the early 1990s its popularity had spread , with grunge acts appearing in California , then surfacing towards other parts of the United States and in Australia , building strong followings and signing major record deals .   Grunge became commercially successful in the early 1990s , due to releases such as Nirvana 's Nevermind , Pearl Jam 's Ten , Soundgarden 's Superunknown , Alice in Chains ' Dirt and Stone Temple Pilots ' Core . The success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of rock music at the time . Although most grunge bands had disbanded or faded from view by the late 1990s , they influenced modern rock music , as their lyrics brought socially conscious issues into pop culture and added introspection and an exploration of what it means to be true to oneself . Grunge was also an influence on subsequent genres such as post-grunge and nu metal .   Grunge fuses elements of punk rock and heavy metal , such as the distorted electric guitar used in both genres , although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other . Like these genres , grunge typically uses electric guitar , bass guitar , a drummer and a singer . Grunge also incorporates influences from indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth . Lyrics are typically angst-filled and introspective , often addressing themes such as social alienation , apathy , concerns about confinement , and a desire for freedom .   A number of factors contributed to grunge 's decline in prominence . During the , many grunge bands broke up or became less visible . Nirvana 's Kurt Cobain , labeled by Time as `` the John Lennon of the swinging Northwest '' , appeared unusually tortured by success and struggled with an addiction to heroin before he committed suicide at the age of 27 in 1994 .

neg: SouthGang SouthGang was a Los Angeles-based rock band composed of lead vocalist Jesse Harte , guitarist Butch Walker , bassist Jayce Fincher , and drummer Mitch `` Slug '' McLee , active in the late 1980s and early 1990s . The band 's original name was Byte the Bullet , which was changed to SouthGang before they released their first album , Tainted Angel . They had a similar style to many of the other `` hair bands '' of the era . The band is best remembered for their 1991 single `` Tainted Angel , '' which received some MTV airplay , especially during Headbanger 's Ball .   Tainted Angel was produced by Howard Benson and Desmond Child .   After the band 's breakup in the mid-1990s , Butch Walker , Jayce Fincher , and Mitch McLee went on to form power pop band Marvelous 3 , scoring a minor hit with `` Freak of the Week '' in 1998 .   More recently , Butch Walker has had a successful solo music career , as well as written and produced hits for many of today 's pop and rock artists such as Fall Out Boy , Panic ! at the Disco & Bowling for Soup .   Jesse Harte is currently residing in the Atlanta Area , working in the cell phone industry . He released an EP in 2012 with a project called Red Bloody Hearts .   Mitch McLee is still playing drums in Atlanta , Georgia .   Jayce Fincher is married to Christina Lloree-Fincher with a couple of children . He is working at a church in Atlanta as the musical production `` go to '' person . He also works with the middle school ministry .

neg: Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago .   The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest .   Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .

neg: Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on July 21 , 1987 , by Geffen Records to massive commercial success . It topped the Billboard 200 and became the best-selling debut album as well as the 11th best-selling album in the United States . With about 30 million copies sold worldwide , it is also one of the best-selling records ever . Although critics were ambivalent toward the album when it was first released , Appetite for Destruction has since received retrospective acclaim and been viewed as one of the greatest albums of all time .

neg: Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes .   Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .

neg: All the Small Things `` All the Small Things '' is a song by the American rock band Blink-182 . It was the second single released from the band 's third album Enema of the State ( 1999 ) . The track was composed primarily by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge as both an ode to his girlfriend ( later wife ) Jennifer Jenkins and one of his favorite punk groups , the Ramones . Recorded in Los Angeles with producer Jerry Finn , the song was created with the intention of shipping it to radio , as the trio felt they needed a single `` really catchy and basic . ''   The single was released in early 2000 and promptly charted worldwide , becoming a number one hit on Billboard 's Modern Rock Tracks chart , peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart , and crossing over to pop radio and peaking at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song remains the band 's most successful single to date . The song charted within the top 20 in ten other countries , and gained greater significance due to its accompanying music video , which parodies and mocks the boy bands Backstreet Boys and 'N Sync . The video was popular in rotation on MTV 's Total Request Live , leading to criticism from those who felt their basis for parody was thin .   `` All the Small Things '' was selected by Rolling Stone as one of the `` 100 Greatest Pop Songs '' , and is listed in the 2010 book 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die .

neg: Hearts & Flowers Hearts & Flowers was a Los Angeles folk rock club band , perhaps most significant as one of the groups that launched the career of Eagles ' founding member and guitarist-songwriter , Bernie Leadon . The lineup included Larry Murray ( vocals , guitar ) , Dave Dawson ( vocals , guitar , autoharp ) , and Rick Cunha ( vocals , guitar ) .   The individual members met at the ongoing Monday night jam sessions being held at The Troubador over which Murray presided . Cunha and Dawson , who played in a duo , were newcomers as recent transplants to the area from Hawaii . After a few informal picking sessions , the trio gelled and started performing .   `` We had a unique sound , a very strange sound , particularly because we found what we did best was old , traditional , country hillbilly music , Murray told John Einarson . `` That became the core of what we did , the three of us , and we took it from there . ''   The group 's sound was described as `` Merle Haggard-meets-Sgt . Pepper '' as a result of the wide-ranging influences each member brought to Hearts & Flowers . This included the aforementioned Haggard , plus Buck Owens , The Louvin and Everly brothers , The Country Gentlemen , The Beatles , and Bob Dylan . With such unorthodox influences -- plus the fact that the band featured autoharp -- , the group was torn about the direction it wanted to take . `` Had it been up to us , we would have gone way country , '' said Cunha . `` We wanted it to be commercial and fit into the pop market , but left to our own devices it would have been even more country . Production changed what we would have done . ''   Meanwhile , Hearts & Flowers was influencing local musicians who heard them in various folk clubs around the Los Angeles area . This included several people who would later be credited with developing the then-germinating Southern California country-rock sound . Jim Messina ( Buffalo Springfield , Poco , Loggins and Messina ) says , `` Those three guys were probably the closest thing to what we were all flowing into . They were the cutting edge of where the rest of us were going . They were the black that did n't quite have the edge sharped on it yet . I got my first Telecaster from Rick Cunha . ''   The group signed a deal with Capitol Records ' Folk World label in December 1966 . Once in the studio , the trio was filled out with studio musicians and steered into a more folk direction . On the road , the group would be augmented with an ever-changing series of musicians including Terry Paul ( Kris Kristofferson ) , Pete Carr ( The Hour Glass ) , and Karen Carpenter ( The Carpenters ) .   Tensions over the direction of the group eventually came to a head . Cunha left the group in Fall 1967 to write country music and produce .   Leadon replaced Cunha for the second album in 1968 . Leadon was well known to Murray as they had played in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers , a San Diego bluegrass group responsible for launching both those members ' careers as well as those of Chris Hillman ( The Byrds , The Flying Burrito Brothers , Manassas ) and Kenny Wertz ( The Flying Burrito Brothers , Country Gazette ) .   Among venues they played during the mid-1960s , were Los Angeles clubs Ledbetter 's , Doug Weston 's Troubadour , The Whisky-a-Go-Go , and the Ash Grove , primarily as an opening act . Some of the groups with whom they shared a bill included The Doors , Bill Monroe , The Buffalo Springfield , and Blue Cheer . After recording two albums without major success , the group disbanded in 1968 .   Murray claims the group was `` in a rut '' and each member was working with other , different musicians . `` But for a simple twist of fate , we could have been huge . We had what it took , we had a lot of charisma , the personality of the group was amazing . But I do n't think we were focused business-wise . We tended to go with losers , because they were less high-pressure , and we dodged the real pressure people whose asses we should have been kissing . But you do what you do . Everything we did seemed like a good idea at the time . ''   The timing of the break-up could n't have been worse . It was just prior to the release of the seminal country-rock album by The Byrds , Sweetheart of the Rodeo , and the subsequent formation of The Flying Burrito Brothers , both of which are credited with popularizing the genre .

neg: Traditional heavy metal Traditional heavy metal , also known as classic metal , or traditional metal , is the seminal genre of heavy metal music before the genre `` evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres . ''

neg: Florence and the Machine discography English indie rock band Florence and the Machine have released three studio albums , two live albums , six extended plays , 20 singles , two promotional singles and 23 music videos .   Florence and the Machine released their first extended play , A Lot of Love . A Lot of Blood , in March 2009 . Their debut studio album , Lungs , was released in July 2009 through Island Records , reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in January 2010 . The album was subsequently certified quintuple platinum in the United Kingdom , quadruple platinum in Ireland and triple platinum in Australia . The album 's lead single `` Kiss with a Fist '' peaked at number 51 on the UK Singles Chart . This was succeeded by the single `` Dog Days Are Over '' , which reached number 23 in the UK and number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Third single `` Rabbit Heart ( Raise It Up ) '' reached number 12 in the UK and number 41 in Ireland . `` Drumming Song '' was released as the fourth single , charting at number 54 in the UK . `` You 've Got the Love '' , a cover of The Source 's song of the same name , peaked at number five in the UK and number nine in Australia . A performance at the 2010 BRIT Awards on 17 February 2010 saw the Dizzee Rascal-assisted mash-up `` You Got the Dirtee Love '' debut at number two in the UK . The album 's sixth and final single , `` Cosmic Love '' , peaked at number 51 in the UK and number three in Ireland .   The band 's second studio album , Ceremonials , was released in October 2011 , debuting atop the charts in the UK , Ireland , Australia and New Zealand . The album 's release was preceded by the promotional single `` What the Water Gave Me '' , which peaked at number 24 in the UK , number 13 in Ireland and number 15 in New Zealand . Lead single `` Shake It Out '' became the band 's fifth top-40 hit in the UK , peaking at number 12 upon release in September 2011 . The track also attained international chart success , reaching number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the band 's highest-peaking single in Ireland , where it reached number two . The album also saw the release of singles `` No Light , No Light '' and `` Never Let Me Go '' , which peaked at numbers 50 and 82 on the UK chart , respectively . Their next release `` Spectrum ( Say My Name ) '' peaked at number one in the UK , becoming their first UK number-one single .   In June 2015 , Florence and the Machine released their third studio album , How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful , which debuted at number one in eight countries including the UK and the US and reached the top 10 of 20 countries . The album had sold over a million copies worldwide by the end of 2015 and has been certified platinum in the UK , Australia and Poland , and gold in New Zealand . It was promoted by the singles `` What Kind of Man '' and `` Ship to Wreck '' , which both reached the top 40 in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , as well as `` Queen of Peace '' and `` Delilah '' .

neg: Rock Hard `` Rock Hard '' is a single by the Beastie Boys , released by Def Jam Records on 12 '' in 1984 . The song , and the accompanying songs on the 12 '' , feature the band 's first major label rap effort .   The track contains samples from the AC/DC song `` Back in Black '' , which was used without obtaining legal permission - thereby causing the record to be promptly withdrawn . Later , when the group planned to include the out-of-print song on their 1999 compilation , Beastie Boys Anthology : The Sounds of Science , AC/DC refused to allow the sample to be used . Mike D spoke to AC/DC 's Malcolm Young personally on the phone when their lawyers refused to clear the sample , and later said that `` AC/DC could not get with the sample concept . They were just like , ` Nothing against you guys , but we just do n't endorse sampling . ' '' Ad-Rock then added `` So we told them that we do n't endorse people playing guitars . ''   The cover design is also famous for now being the official Def Jam records logo for vinyl releases ; to this day , vinyl singles released by Def Jam have this design .   Long removed from print , it was considered a rare collector 's item until Def Jam reissued the single in Europe in 2007 .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Van Halen This is a list of awards and nominations for awards received by the rock band Van Halen .   Van Halen is a hard rock band formed in Pasadena , California in 1972 and consisted of Eddie Van Halen on guitar , keyboards , and vocals , Alex Van Halen on drums and percussion , Michael Anthony on bass and vocals , and David Lee Roth on lead vocals . They enjoyed success from the release of their self-titled debut album in 1978 . As of 2007 Van Halen has sold more than 80 million albums worldwide -RSB- and have had the most number one hits on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart . During the 1980s they also had more Billboard Hot 100 hits than any other hard rock or heavy metal band . According to the Recording Industry Association of America , Van Halen is the 19th best selling band/artist of all time with sales of over 56 million albums in the United States and is one of five rock bands that have had two albums sell more than 10 million copies in the United States .

neg: Stoney LaRue Stoney LaRue ( born Stoney Larue Phillips in 1977 ) is a Texas Country/Red Dirt artist . Born in Taft , Texas , LaRue was raised in Yanush/Buffalo Valley , Oklahoma where he still visits regularly and began playing country music at a young age .   LaRue moved to Stillwater , Oklahoma , and began to play in the various bars around the college town , as well as his brother , Bo Phillips . He befriended Jason Boland and Cody Canada and the three moved into the infamous `` Yellow House '' where they would have late night jam sessions and entertain other various musicians around the town , like Mike McClure and Brandon Jenkins . LaRue was heavily influenced by Woody Guthrie , Bob Childers , and the `` Red Dirt '' music scene .   In 2002 , LaRue led The Organic Boogie Band and released Downtown , recorded in private sessions at Cain 's Ballroom in Tulsa . LaRue 's 2005 follow-up , The Red Dirt Album , reached the Billboard sales charts in its debut week . The next year , Stoney released his first live record Live at Billy Bob 's Texas .   LaRue sang backing vocals on Miranda Lambert 's 2013 single `` All Kinds of Kinds . ''

neg: Aerosmith singles discography American rock band Aerosmith has released seventy-six singles . Some of their singles have been officially released to the public , while others have been released as album cuts only to radio . Twenty-one of their songs have reached the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 and the band has long been a stalwart of the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , achieving 9 number-one hits on that chart to date . An additional twenty-eight of the band 's songs have reached the Top 40 on various charts worldwide .

neg: Harsh Reality Harsh Reality are a little-known , proto-prog band formed in Stevenage , Hertfordshire in 1968 out of the remnants of the Freightliner Blues Band ( formerly the Revolution ) . The band consisted of Mark Griffiths and Dave Jenkins on guitars , Alan Greed on lead vocals and organ , Roger Swallow on drums , and Steve Miller on bass and backing vocals . They released a single for Philips Records in 1968 ( `` Tobacco Ash Sunday '' / `` How Do You Feel '' ) before releasing their only album , Heaven and Hell , also on Philips in 1969 . A final single followed soon after , before the band split in 1969 .   Their Heaven and Hell LP is now a highly sought-after rarity , selling for hundreds of pounds between eager collectors . For this reason , Harsh Reality is somewhat famous/infamous in collecting circles .   Though seen as part of the proto-progressive rock era , their work represented a marriage between the sounds of Procol Harum , Traffic and early Deep Purple .   Following the band 's demise , Roger Swallow played with Principal Edwards Magic Theatre , Matthews Southern Comfort , Plainsong , Albion Country Band , and Al Stewart ; before moving to California and establishing himself as an electronic musician , songwriter and entrepreneur . Alan Greed went on to work with Ray Russell on the Rock Workshop albums , and as a session singer . Greed later fronted the jazz/progressive outfit , The Running Man . A self-titled album was released in the UK on the Neon record label in 1972 .   Mark Griffiths has worked with Matthews Southern Comfort , Jonathan Kelly , Al Stewart , David Essex , The Everly Brothers , and Cliff Richard & The Shadows . The rest of the band also went into session work .   The song `` Tobacco Ash Sunday '' was covered by Paul Weller for AOL Sessions .   Heaven and Hell will be reissued officially for the first time on CD by Esoteric Recordings on 26 September 2011 , with four bonus tracks and a 16-page booklet containing a lengthy interview with the band .

neg: Purple (album) Purple is the second studio album by the American rock band Stone Temple Pilots , released on June 7 , 1994 by Atlantic Records . The album , building off the foundations laid by the band 's debut album Core , was a huge success for the band , debuting at # 1 on the Billboard 200 chart and remaining there for three weeks , eventually selling over six million copies . It spawned a number of successful singles -- `` Vasoline '' and `` Interstate Love Song '' both topped the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and hit number 2 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart , while `` Big Empty '' also cracked the top ten on both charts . Lesser known album cuts `` Pretty Penny '' and `` Unglued '' were also released as promotional radio singles .

neg: Marilyn Manson discography American industrial metal band Marilyn Manson has released nine studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs , twenty-four singles , nine promo singles , five DVDs , and thirty-four music videos .   After forming in 1989 and signing a contract with Nothing Records and Interscope in 1993 , the band released their first studio album , Portrait of an American Family ( 1994 ) . Although initially not a commercial success , the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies . Spurred by their hit single -- a version of the Eurythmics 's `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' -- the band 's first EP , Smells Like Children ( 1995 ) , became a commercial success , selling over a million copies in the US alone . In 1996 , the band released their second studio album , Antichrist Superstar , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 1.9 million copies in the US . The album went on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide , and was supported by the release of 1997 's Remix & Repent EP . Their third studio album , Mechanical Animals ( 1998 ) , was a commercial and critical success , reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , as well topping the charts in as Australia and Canada . Mechanical Animals was later followed by their first live album , The Last Tour on Earth ( 1999 ) , which included the promotional single `` Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes '' .   In 2000 , the band released Holy Wood ( In the Shadow of the Valley of Death ) , which managed to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide . Their fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque ( 2003 ) , was a modest commercial success in their native US , debuting at No. 1 with sales of 118,000 copies . As of November 2008 , the album has sold 526,000 copies in the US . In contrast , the album was , by far , Manson 's most successful internationally , peaking within the top five in most of the major European markets . Their sixth album , Eat Me , Drink Me , was released in 2007 and debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 . The High End of Low ( 2009 ) , reached No. 4 on both the US and Canadian album charts , but was their last album released by Interscope . After signing a deal with Cooking Vinyl , the band released Born Villain in 2012 . Their ninth studio album , The Pale Emperor , was released on January 20 , 2015 , debuting at No. 8 in the US with their highest first week sales since Eat Me , Drink Me in 2007 .

neg: Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .

neg: Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' .   Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event .   Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge .   There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act .   The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck .   In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .

neg: Alice Cooper (band) Alice Cooper was an American rock band formed in Phoenix , Arizona in 1964 . The band consisted of lead singer Vince Furnier , Glen Buxton ( lead guitar ) , Michael Bruce ( rhythm guitar , keyboards ) , Dennis Dunaway ( bass guitar ) , and Neal Smith ( drums ) . Furnier legally changed his name to Alice Cooper and has had a solo career under that name since the band became inactive in 1975 . The band was notorious for their elaborate , theatrical shock rock stage shows .  In 2011 , the original Alice Cooper band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame .   After several years of little success , the Alice Cooper band rose to fame in 1971 with the success of the single `` I 'm Eighteen '' and the album Love It to Death . The band peaked in popularity in 1973 with the album Billion Dollar Babies and its tour , which broke box-office records previously held by The Rolling Stones .

neg: Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable .   After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour .   More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part :   `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . ''   On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .

neg: Schoolkids Records Schoolkids Records is a retail indie record store based in the `` Triangle '' region of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill , North Carolina .   Founded in 1974 , Schoolkids is one of the longest running music retail stores in the country and at one point had as many as 7 stores throughout the eastern North Carolina region ( Raleigh ( 2 ) , Durham , Chapel Hill , Cary , Greenville ) and one in Athens , Georgia . As of 2009 the main flagship store in Raleigh , NC ( Across from NC State University ) was the sole location still in business . In October 2013 , the store announced it would relocate to the Mission Valley Shopping Center to make way for a destination hotel that was causing the eviction of several local businesses along Hillsborough Street . The new location would still allow the business to operate close to the university , while expanding space for live music performances and the ability to sell craft beers .   The store has often been located close to College and University campus and focuses mostly on selling Alternative , Independent and College music , selling both Vinyl and CDs , with the trend largely going back to more and more Vinyl by 2012 . Schoolkids has been widely known as the main record store for almost 40 years ( until the other locations closed ) around schools such as : North Carolina State University , The University of North Carolina , Duke University , East Carolina University and The University of Georgia .   The store has often been the destination and shopping preference for many local and national bands in this area , many of whom either worked at the store or started selling their first albums or 7 '' singles at the store on consignment . Artists to get their start selling records at Schoolkids include : Ryan Adams and Whiskeytown , Superchunk , Archers of Loaf , Ben Folds , The Connells , Polvo , Athenaeum , Squirrel Nut Zippers and many others . The store was also one of the first retail outlets to sell No Depression Magazine and to work with labels such as Merge Records , Mammoth Records and Yep Roc Records .   The store saw its highest level of sales in the early 90 's when the independent music sector exploded with the success of Nirvana .   Schoolkids has often been confused with some of the other stores in the country with the same name , including `` School Kids Records '' and `` School Kids in Exile '' in Ann Arbor , Michigan as well as other cities like Gainesville , Florida , but the stores were not connected in ownership to the main independent chain in North Carolina .   Schoolkids is a founding members of the CIMS Coalition , The first national Coalition of Independent Music Stores and has also been named by both Time Magazine and The Grammys as one of the `` top ten '' record stores in the United States .   In 2014 , in their new location at the Mission Valley Shopping Center ( just on the south side of NC State 's main campus ) , Schoolkids obtained an ABC license and started serving craft beers on draft and cans to their customers . The store increased its instore performances from national and local bands and became a store by day and a lounge-style bar/venue by night . Shows end early ( generally start at 8pm ) and are over by 10pm . All shows are free and the store encourages customers to tip the band in a ` pass the Devo energy dome ' event each night . For Record Store Day 2014 , Schoolkids had its best sales day in its 40-year history . In July , they hosted a 40th Anniversary show for free at the Lincoln Theatre and the lineup was : The DeBonzo Brothers , Hank Sinatra , Six String Drag , The Baseball Project ( Featuring Steve Wynn of the Dream Syndicate and his wife Linda Pitmon , Scott McCaughey ( Minus 5 ) , Mike Mills & Peter Buck ( R.E.M. ) and co-headliners , drivin ' n ' cryin ' . The show was a huge success drawing close to 700 people for the 5 -- 6 hour event . The store also saw Rock & Roll Hall of Fame legend , John Densmore , of the Doors visit for a book signing in September that drew over 300 rabid fans of The Doors to the store to enjoy some beers and get a book signed by a rock and roll legend . At year end , Schoolkids had seen its first growth year in almost 10 years and Vinyl sales were now 70 % of the business , with a growth of 57 % from 2013-2014 .


query: My Summer of Love had, as a director, Pawel Pawlikowski.

pos: My Summer of Love My Summer of Love is a 2004 British drama film directed by Pawel Pawlikowski and co-written by Pawlikowski and Michael Wynne . Based on the novel of the same name by Helen Cross , the film explores the lesbian relationship between two young women from different classes and backgrounds . Working class Mona ( Natalie Press ) , whose once-hotheaded brother Phil ( Paddy Considine ) became a born-again Christian in prison , meets upper middle class Tamsin ( Emily Blunt , in her theatrical film debut ) who suffers from a lack of love in her family . Filmed in West Yorkshire , the film went on to win a BAFTA .

neg: Next Summer Next Summer ( L'été prochain ) is a 1985 French drama film directed by Nadine Trintignant .

neg: Henryk Gold Henryk Gold ( 19029 January 1977 in New York City , United States ) was a Polish Jewish composer , arranger , and orchestra director .   He was born in Warsaw to a musical family : his mother Helena was of the famous Warsaw klezmer Melodysta family , and his father Michael was a flautist in the Warsaw Opera Orchestra . He was the brother of Artur Gold . He studied in Warsaw , his teachers including Stanisław Barcewicz ( violin ) .   When silent movies in Poland lost popularity following the arrival of Al Jolson 's The Jazz Singer , ( known in Yiddish as The Singing Buffoon ) , thousands of Polish musicians who 'd played in the movie theaters lost their livelihood ; they began to create large and small orchestras playing dance music and jazz . Artur and Henryk Gold , the brothers Jerzy and Stanislaw Petersburski , Zygmunt Karasinski and Szymon Kataszek , Kazimierz Englard , Julian Halicki were the pioneers ; Henryk Gold was chief among them , giving concerts at the famous Ziemiańska Cafe on Kredytowa Street and the revue theater `` Morskie-Oko '' on Sienkiewicz Street . He ran the nightclub `` Adria '' with his brother on Moniuszki Street .   Gold wrote hundreds of tangos , polkas , foxtrots , and waltzes , interpolating Jewish motifs . His hits included Tęsknota ( Nostalgia , in Yiddish Benkshaft ) ; Jaśminy ( Jasmine ) ; Jak ja się dziś upiję ( When I Get Drunk Today , in Yiddish Az ` Khvel Mikh Haynt Onshikirn ) ; Moja pierswsza i ostatnia ( My First and Last , Yiddish Mayn Ershte Un Letste ) ; Szkoda twoich łez ( Too bad about your tears , Yiddish A Shod Dayne Trern ) , and others .   During the Second World War , he and fellow composer Jerzy Petersburski toured the Soviet Union with a large jazz orchestra . In 1942 he left the Soviet Union with the Polish Anders Army , went to Israel , where he wrote songs `` Arcenu ha-ktantonet '' , `` Ruakh '' , `` Shalom '' and lastly emigrated to New York City , United States .

neg: Józef Pawłowski Józef Pawłowski ( born 29 June 1990 ) is a Polish actor . He has appeared in more than ten films since 2011 .

neg: Marek Brodzki Marek Brodzki ( born 25 December 1960 ) is a Polish film director and television director . He directed the film and series versions of Wiedźmin aka The Hexer and the series Miasteczko . He has worked as First Assistant Director with top Polish directors Andrzej Wajda and Krzysztof Zanussi and has specialized as a Polish First Assistant Director and Second Unit Director on international productions made in Poland notably including Steven Spielberg 's Schindler 's List and has a long working relationship with German director Volker Schlöndorff . October 2015 he was awarded the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture -- Gloria Artis .   He is married to Production Manager , Casting Director , First Assistant Director Ewa Brodzka .

neg: How I Spent My Summer Vacation (film) How I Spent My Summer Vacation is a 1997 romantic comedy film , directed by John Fisher . The film stars Deanna Davis and RonReaco Lee , and is Fisher 's directorial debut film .

neg: Summer's Desire (film) Summer 's Desire is a 2016 Chinese romantic drama film directed by Lai Chun-Yu and starring Cancan Huang , Him Law and Jerry Yan . It was released in China on July 21 , 2016 .

neg: Witold Leszczyński Witold Leszczyński ( 16 August 1933 -- 1 September 2007 ) was a Polish film director and screenwriter . In 1967 he graduated from the National Film School in Łódź . He directed over thirty films between 1959 and 2007 . Most known for Żywot Mateusza ( Matthew 's Days ) based on a novel by Norwegian writer Tarjei Vesaas , Konopielka , adapted from the novel of Edward Redliński , Siekierezada based on a novel by Edward Stachura and many others films .   He received numerous awards , including Grand Prix at the Polish Film Festival in 1986 .   The director died during the shoot of his film Stary człowiek i pies ( The Old Man and the Dog ) in 2007 .

neg: Jerzy Pietrkiewicz Jerzy Pietrkiewicz or Peterkiewicz ( 29 September 1916 -- 26 October 2007 ) was a Polish poet , novelist , translator , and literary critic who spent much of his life in British exile .   He was born in Fabianki , Poland , the son of a well-read peasant , Jan Pietrkiewicz , and a woman of aristocratic descent , Antonina Politowska , who was about fifty years old at his birth . Both his parents died while he was still a child , his mother of cancer when he was twelve , and his father two years later . He attended the Jan Długosz Catholic School in Włocławek , and then went to Warsaw to study journalism . His first published writing was poetry in Okolica Poetów in 1934 . He also contributed articles to ultra-nationalist newspapers .   The left-wing poet and literary critic Ignacy Fik ( 19041942 ) , in his magisterial history of Polish literature during the Interbellum , will reserve a special mention for the `` horrific poems of Pietrkiewicz '' , published in the `` Prosto z mostu '' magazine , in which the `` national myth '' receives its `` racist '' incarnation .   His Wiersze o dzieciństwie ( `` Poems about Childhood '' ; 1935 ) did not receive any accolades from the critics in general ; Kazimierz Andrzej Jaworski writing in the literary journal Kamena observed that the compositions included in the collection `` bore the reader with their monotony '' , and if they have any value `` it is only apparent to the author himself , for they ring hollow to others '' .   During World War II he fled first to France and then to Britain . On his arrival he knew no English . He attended the University of St Andrews , earning by 1944 a master 's degree in English literature , and in 1948 he completed a doctorate at King 's College London , where he would go on to teach Polish language and literature .   He began writing novels in English in 1953 , reserving Polish for his poetical works . His novels were successful , and led to a friendship with Muriel Spark . On the accession of Pope John Paul II , Pietrkiewicz translated his poems into English , and as a result his own work became known in Poland . He was awarded the Prize of the Ministry of Culture and Art in 1987 .   He was married twice , first to Danuta Karel , a Polish actress , and then to Christine Brooke-Rose . Both marriages ended in divorce . He died in London .

neg: Mateusz Polit Mateusz Polit ( born 17 September 1975 in Kielce ) is a Polish director , choreographer , modern dance lecturer , producer of theatre plays , dance and music shows , television programs , multimedia spectacles and gala concerts . He is the founder of an international ensemble Art Project Ballet .

neg: Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Hoffman ( -LSB- ˈjɛʐɨ ˈxɔfman -RSB- ; born March 15 , 1932 ) is a Polish film director and screenwriter .

neg: My Love (Petula Clark song) `` My Love '' is a 1965 single release by Petula Clark which in early 1966 became an international hit , reaching # 1 in the US : the track continued Clark 's collaboration with songwriter and record producer Tony Hatch .   In November 1965 Tony Hatch , on a flight from London to Los Angeles , was putting the finishing touches on his composition `` The Life and Soul of the Party '' which he planned to record with Clark in Los Angeles to serve as her next single . In casual conversation with the American sitting next to him Hatch was advised that this song 's title would be meaningless to the American public . Hatch then proceeded to write lyrics for a song whose title - `` My Love '' - could not conceivably present any comprehension issue : the lyrics were completed during the flight and Hatch completed the music soon after landing in Los Angeles .   `` My Love '' was recorded at Western Studios and featured the backing of the Wrecking Crew .  Petula Clark would recall : `` We recorded three songs on that session ... I liked the two other songs quite a lot , but I really did n't like ` My Love ' ... I thought it was a bit ordinary . I had got so used to these wonderful songs that Tony had been writing with all these different moods and I thought `` My Love '' was just a bit flat . '' Clark would describe her discouraging Warner Bros a & r man Joe Smith from issuing `` My Love '' as a single : `` he 's a very small man physically ... about the right height for me . I was able to get hold of his lapels , and I said to him , ` Joe , I do n't care which -LSB- of the three songs -RSB- you put out , but just do n't put out `` My Love '' . And he said : ` Trust me , baby . ' ''   Smith did in fact okay the single release of `` My Love '' which would return Clark to the top of the US charts for the first time since her breakthrough success with `` Downtown '' , as `` My Love '' reached # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated 5 February 1966 , making Clark the first British female to have two US # 1 hits . Also a # 1 hit in Canada , `` My Love '' returned Clark to the UK Top Ten for the first time since `` Downtown '' two years previous with a March 1966 peak of # 4 . '' In the UK the single earned a Silver disc for sales of 200,000 units .   `` My Love '' also provided Clark with a hit in Australia ( # 4 ) , Finland ( # 18 ) , New Zealand ( # 6 ) , Rhodesia ( # 1 ) and South Africa ( # 6 ) and reached # 13 in both the Netherlands and the Dutch speaking region of Belgium . In Germany `` My Love '' became a hit first in its original English version ( # 13 ) and then again when rendered in German as `` Verzeih ' die dummen Tränen '' ( Forgive the foolish tears ) ( # 21 ) . Translated recordings by Clark also made `` My Love '' a hit in France and Italy , respectively as `` Mon amour '' ( # 12 ) and `` L'amore e il vento '' ( Love is the wind ) ( # 24 ) .

neg: Anthony Meindl Anthony Paul Meindl ( born January 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver .   In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others ( usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' ) .   He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint .   He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret .   He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace .   He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe .   Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 .  He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy ( Swimming In The Shallows ) and Best Drama ( Dogs Barking ) . The casts for both shows ( members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio ) were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama .   His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards .   Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather ( 2011 ) won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan .   He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Summer Is Crazy `` Summer Is Crazy '' is a song recorded by Italian singer Alexia . Like Alexia 's previous single , it reached number one on the Italian charts . This was the first of two singles to feature radio jingles of the track on the CD . `` Summer Is Crazy '' would be featured as a B-side on the UK edition 's of `` Gim me Love '' although due to a misprint , writing credits went only to Alexia .

neg: Łukasz Targosz Łukasz Targosz ( -LSB- wukaʂ tarɡoʂ -RSB- ; born 20 February 1977 in Cracow ) is a Polish film composer , and music and film producer . A graduate from The Karol Szymanowski Academy of Music in Katowice ( Jazz and Pop Music Department ) in 2002 .   He started his career as a session musician .  After writing music for a movie entitled The Crown Witness , he gained recognition .  He received two awards for his film music : in 2010 during Roma Fiction Fest for the best music written for a TV series Marked and during Los Angeles Cinema Festival of Hollywood ( Winter 2015 ) for music composed for The Last Waltz . Radiostation RMF Classic as well as its listeners awarded Łukasz Targosz with MocArty for The Best Film Music of 2014 written to a TV series The Pack produced by HBO Poland .   He can boast of over 40 soundtracks for various cinematic projects -- to begin with art house , through mainstream movies and animation , to end with new generation historic movies such as Stones for the Rampart by Robert Gliński , long awaited screen version of a classical Polish novel by Aleksander Kamiński . A romantic comedy entitled Letters to St. Nicolas achieved box-office success in Poland while the soundtrack quickly reached gold record status ; Love and Dance is the first Polish dance movie which was watched by a record-breaking number of viewers ; Insiders -- a thriller TV series was reviewed as one of the best Polish TV series ; Marked was nominated during such festivals as RoseD ` or , Monte-Carlo Television Festival and Roma Fition Fest ; the animation entitled The Game , which he also co-produced , was awarded during numerous international festivals , e.g. Boston International Film Festival , Mexico International Film Festival , On Location : Memphis International Film and Music Fest , Canada International Film Festival , Indie Fest . What is more , The Game was the only Polish animation which stood a chance to win an Oscar for the year 2012 . He was also a co-producer of Floating Skyscrapers by Tomasz Wasilewski , one of top award winning Polish movies in 2013 ( International Film Festival in Karlovy Vary , T-Mobile New Horizons , Gdynia Film Festival ) .   He cooperated with various well-known artists , among them : Jennifer Batten ( together they performed solos for Michael Jackson 's Dirty Diana , which was used in the movie entitled Love and Dance ) , Renata Przemyk , Grzegorz Turnau , Janusz Radek , Robert Janowski , Doda , Afromental band .   He is a co-owner of the Music Production Studio SPOT which was found in 1999 .

neg: Pawl (musician) Paul Najjar , ( born May 16 , 1995 ) known as Pawl , is a Swedish DJ , artist , producer and songwriter . He released his debut single `` Set My Heart On Fire '' on 27 May 2015 ; it hit number 11 on the Swedish dance chart list and was put into rotation on Swedish national radio station P3 . His second single , `` White Lie '' , was released seven months later on 1 December 2015 and was also put into rotation on Swedish radio station P3 .  His third single , `` Lost '' was released on 6 May 2016 .

neg: Four Seasons of Love Four Seasons of Love is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Donna Summer . Released on October 11 , 1976 , this concept album became her third consecutive successful album to be certified gold in the US . It peaked at # 29 on the Billboard 200 . In addition , all the cuts on this album went to number one on the disco chart .   This was the third concept album Summer had made , though unlike the previous two which had contained one long track on side one and a small selection of slightly shorter ones on side two , Four Seasons Of Love was more equally balanced . The album told the story of a love affair by relating it to the four seasons . Side One contained `` Spring Affair '' and `` Summer Fever '' , both disco tracks , and Side Two contained `` Autumn Changes '' ( a slightly slower disco number ) and `` Winter Melody '' ( which had an even slower beat ) , plus a reprise of `` Spring Affair '' . This concept was reflected in the four photos of Summer , one for each season of the year , in a pull-out 1977 calendar included with the original LP album . The photo on the cover was , fittingly , the Summer photograph . Summer 's `` first lady of love '' image came across strongly on this album , though her trademark moans and groans were slightly less evident than on previous work . Pics included `` Winter '' in a fur with a tear on her cheek ; `` Spring '' in a Scarlett O'Hara style hoop skirt on a swing ; and `` Autumn '' re-enacting Marilyn Monroe 's famous scene from The Seven Year Itch with the billowing white dress over the subway grate - an allusion to her song `` Love to Love You Baby '' , which she has been quoted as using Monroe for inspiration on her recording of it .   As with the previous two albums , Four Seasons of Love was distributed by different record labels in different countries , including Casablanca Records in the U.S. Edited versions of `` Spring Affair '' and `` Winter Melody '' were released in various places , but neither had a big impact on any charts ( although the latter made the Top 30 on the UK singles chart ) . The album was also released as a Club Special Edition / Club Sonderauflage in West Germany on the Atlantic Records Label .

neg: Summer Love (1958 film) Summer Love is a 1958 comedy film directed by Charles F. Haas , written by William Raynor , starring John Saxon , Jill St. John , Judi Meredith and Molly Bee . It is rated 6.4 / 10 on the IMDb . It is a sequel to the 1956 film Rock , Pretty Baby .

neg: The Endless Summer The Endless Summer is a seminal 1966 surf movie ( the initial release was in 1964 , world-wide release was 1966 ) .   Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers , Mike Hynson and Robert August , on a surfing trip around the world . Despite the balmy climate of their native California , cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter . They travel to the coasts of Australia , New Zealand , Tahiti , Hawaii , Senegal , Ghana , Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport . Other important surfers of the time , such as Miki Dora , Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear .   Its title comes from the idea , expressed at both the beginning and end of the film , that if one had enough time and money it would be possible to follow the summer up and down the world ( northern to southern hemisphere and back ) , making it endless . The concept of the film was born through the suggestion of a travel agent to Bruce Brown during the planning stages of the film . The travel agent suggested that the flight from Los Angeles to Cape Town , South Africa and back would cost $ 50 more than a trip circumnavigating the world . After which , Bruce came up with the idea of following the summer season by traveling up and down the world .   The narrative presentation eases from the stiff and formal documentary of the 1950s and early 1960s to a more casual and fun-loving personal style filled with sly humor . The surf rock soundtrack to the film was provided by The Sandals . The `` Theme to the Endless Summer '' was written by Gaston Georis and John Blakeley of the Sandals . It has become one of the best known film themes in the surf movie genre .   When the movie was first shown , it encouraged many surfers to go abroad , giving birth to the `` surf-and-travel '' culture , with prizes for finding `` uncrowded surf '' , meeting new people and riding the perfect wave . It also introduced the sport , which had become popular outside of Hawaii and the Polynesian Islands in places like California and Australia , to a broader audience . In addition , it set the style for later surf-and-travel movies , including Momentum , ( These Are ) Better Days , and Thicker Than Water .

neg: Jiří Menzel Jiří Menzel ( -LSB- ˈjɪr̝iː ˈmɛntsl̩ -RSB- ) ( born 23 February 1938 , Prague ) is a Czech film director , theatre director , actor , and screenwriter . His films often combine a humanistic view of the world with sarcasm and provocative cinematography . Some of these films are adapted from works by Czech writers such as Bohumil Hrabal and Vladislav Vančura .   Menzel , a member of the Czech New Wave , became internationally famous in 1967 , when his first feature film , Closely Watched Trains , won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . His controversial film Larks on a String was filmed in 1969 , but was initially banned by the Czechoslovakian government . It was finally released in 1990 after the fall of the Communist regime . The film won the Golden Bear at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival .   Menzel was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film again in 1986 with his dark comedy My Sweet Little Village . In 1987 , he was a member of the jury at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival . In 1989 he was a member of the jury at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival . In 1995 he was a member of the jury at the 19th Moscow International Film Festival . He was awarded a IIFA Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2013 .


query: New Line Cinema owns Friday the 13th.

pos: Friday the 13th (franchise) Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that comprises twelve slasher films , a television show , novels , comic books , video games , and tie‑in merchandise , as of 2017 . The franchise mainly focuses on the fictional character Jason Voorhees , who drowned as a boy at Camp Crystal Lake due to the negligence of the camp staff . Decades later , the lake is rumored to be `` cursed '' and is the setting for a series of mass murders . Jason is featured in all of the films , as either the killer or the motivation for the killings . The original film was written by Victor Miller and was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham . The films have grossed over $ 464 million at the box-office worldwide .   The first film was created to cash in on the success of Halloween ( 1978 ) , and its own success led Paramount Pictures to purchase the full licensing rights to Friday the 13th . Frank Mancuso , Jr. , a producer of the films , also developed the television show Friday the 13th : The Series after Paramount released Jason Lives . The television series was not connected to the franchise by any character or setting , but was created based on the idea of `` bad luck and curses '' , which the film series symbolized . While the franchise was owned by Paramount , four films were adapted into novels , with Friday the 13th Part III adapted by two separate authors . When the franchise was sold to New Line Cinema , Cunningham returned as a producer to oversee two additional films , in addition to a crossover film with character Freddy Krueger from the Nightmare on Elm Street film series . Under New Line Cinema , thirteen novellas and various comic book series featuring Jason were published .   Although the films were not popular with critics , Friday the 13th is considered one of the most successful media franchises in America -- not only for the success of the films , but also because of the extensive merchandising and repeated references to the series in popular culture . The franchise 's popularity has generated a fanbase who have created their own Friday the 13th films , fashioned replica Jason Voorhees costumes , and tattooed their bodies with Friday the 13th artwork . Jason 's hockey mask has become one of the most recognizable images in horror and popular culture .

neg: Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines .   The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .

neg: IFC Films IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City . It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks . It distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake , Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands . It operates the IFC Center .

neg: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film .   TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .

neg: F+W F+W , formerly F+W Publications and F+W Media , is a media and e-commerce company headquartered in New York City .   Founded in 1913 , F+W publishes magazines , books , digital products including e-books and e-magazines , produces online video , offers online education , and owns and operates 21 e-stores , as well as consumer and trade shows .   The company grew though a series of acquisitions , including book publisher David & Charles , Krause Publications in 2002 , Horticulture magazine , and Adams Media in 2003 . The private equity firm ABRY Partners purchased F+W in 2005 . On August 1 , 2012 F+W Media acquired Interweave , an arts and crafts media company based in Loveland , Colorado . In 2014 , F+W Media acquired New Track Media , renamed itself F+W , and was acquired by the private equity company Tinicum .

neg: Odeon Cinemas Odeon is a cinema company operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland , which along with UCI Cinemas is part of the Odeon Cinemas Group . It uses the famous name of the Odeon cinema circuit first introduced in Britain in 1930 .   The first Odeon cinema was opened by Oscar Deutsch in 1928 , in Brierley , Staffordshire , although initially called `` Picture House '' . The first cinema to use the Odeon brand name was Deutsch 's cinema at Perry Barr , Birmingham in 1930 . Ten years later Odeon was part of the Rank Organisation who continued their ownership of the circuit for a further sixty years . Through a number of sales and acquisitions in the early 2000s the company was purchased by Terra Firma , which merged Odeon and UCI Cinemas to form Odeon UCI Cinemas Group . Most UCI cinemas then took the Odeon brand name in 2006 . Terra Firma sold the company to AMC Theatres in November 2016 .   In 2016 , Odeon was the largest cinema chain in the United Kingdom by market share ( although the Irish cinemas were also included within this figure ) .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: National General Pictures National General Corporation ( NGC ) was a theater chain holding company , film distribution and production company and was considered one of the `` instant majors '' . It was in operation from 1951 to 1973 .

neg: Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before .   At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run .   As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .

neg: Ritzy Cinema Ritzy Picturehouse is a cinema in Brixton , London , England . It is a Grade II listed building .   The cinema opened on 11 March 1911 as `` the Electric Pavilion '' . It was built by E. C. Homer and Lucas for Israel Davis , one of a noted family of cinema developers , and was one of England 's earliest purpose-built cinemas seating over 750 seats in the single auditorium . Like many cinemas of the period , it was fitted with an organ .   In 1954 it was renovated by noted cinema architect George Coles who installed cinemascope , and it was renamed `` the Pullman '' and the organ was removed . It was later renamed `` the Classic '' before closure in 1976 . After this it was re-invented as `` The Little Bit Ritzy '' , run in collaboration with London Cinema Collective , showing interesting and meaningful double bills , serving delicious home-made cakes . A collaboration between Lambeth Council and the management of the time ensured the cinema 's survival , with the facade being rebuilt and restored to near-original condition .   During the 1980s the cinema developed a reputation as having a left-wing agenda , so much so that the incumbent manager was motivated to place an advert in the local press advising potential patrons that not every film that the cinema screened was `` left-wing or gay '' .   Today the cinema is owned by Picturehouse Cinemas , and thrives as a multi-screen complex with bar and cafe facilities . Its official name is now Ritzy Picturehouse although it is still commonly known as the Ritzy Cinema . In 1999 Albion Ventures invested # 8million in Picturehouse to help fund the development of several of their cinemas , including the Ritzy .   In 2009 , the decor and colour scheme was restored from its original style and a live music venue was added , called Upstairs .

neg: Antaeus Cinema Line Antaeus Cinema Line is a Chinese cinema chain . It 's the 13th largest exhibitor in China , with 1,200 screens in 227 theatres . It will be acquired by Perfect World .

neg: Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor .   Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios .   In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever .   Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide .   Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole .   Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected .   In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie .   Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 .   Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .

neg: Cinedigm Cinedigm ( or Cinedigm Corp. ) is a North American entertainment company , headquartered in Los Angeles , California . Cinedigm is engaged in digital cinema , software , and content marketing and distribution . Cinedigm is an independent content distributor in the United States , with a library of 50,000 films and TV episodes , and direct relationships with over 60,000 physical stores and digital retailers , including Wal-Mart , Best Buy , Target , iTunes , Netflix , and Amazon , as well as the national video on demand platform on cable television . In addition , the company offers content marketing and distribution services in theatrical and ancillary home entertainment markets to alternative and independent movie content owners , as well as to theatrical exhibitors .

neg: Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota .   The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video .   The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment .   On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray .  On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .

neg: The Movie Channel This article is about the American premium cable-satellite television network and sister channel of Showtime . For the unrelated , defunct television channel in the United Kingdom , see The Movie Channel ( UK ) . For the programming format of television channels focused on movies , see movie channel . Not to be confused with the Canadian premium television service The Movie Network .   The Movie Channel ( sometimes abbreviated as TMC ) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by the Showtime Networks , Inc. subsidiary of CBS Corporation . The network 's programming mainly features first-run theatrically released and independently produced motion pictures , along with softcore adult erotica , and during promotional breaks between films , special behind-the-scenes features and movie trivia .   Originally operated and sold as a standalone service , at present , The Movie Channel is receivable to cable and satellite subscribers primarily as part of the multiplex tier of parent network Showtime . The channel , along with its parent network Showtime and sister network Flix , are headquartered at Paramount Plaza on the northern end of New York City 's Broadway district .

neg: Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .

neg: Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms .   Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Motion Picture News The Motion Picture News was an American film industry trade paper published from 1913 to 1930 .   The publication was created through the 1913 merger of the Moving Picture News founded in 1908 and The Exhibitors ' Times , founded only earlier in 1913 .   After being acquired by Martin Quigley in 1930 , the publication was merged with Exhibitors ' Herald World to form the Motion Picture Herald .