query: Rosamund Pike never won a BIFA Award.

pos: Rosamund Pike Rosamund Mary Ellen Pike ( born 27 January 1979 ) is an English actress who began her acting career by appearing in stage productions such as Romeo and Juliet and Skylight . After her screen debut in the television film A Rather English Marriage ( 1998 ) and television roles in Wives and Daughters ( 1999 ) and Love in a Cold Climate ( 2001 ) , she received international recognition for her film debut as Bond girl Miranda Frost in Die Another Day ( 2002 ) , for which she received the Empire Award for Best Newcomer . Following her breakthrough , she won the BIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Libertine ( 2004 ) and portrayed Jane Bennet in Pride and Prejudice ( 2005 ) .   Pike had film appearances in the sci-fi film Doom ( 2005 ) , the crime-mystery thriller film Fracture ( 2007 ) , the drama film Fugitive Pieces ( 2007 ) , and the coming-of-age drama An Education ( 2009 ) , for which she was nominated for the London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year . She also received British Independent Film Award nominations for An Education , Made in Dagenham ( 2010 ) , and was nominated for a Genie Award for Barney 's Version ( 2010 ) .   In 2014 , her performance in the psychological thriller film Gone Girl was met with critical acclaim and she was awarded the Saturn Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress , the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Drama .

neg: National Business Book Award The National Business Book Award is an award presented to Canadian business authors . The award , presented every year since 1985 , is sponsored by PricewaterhouseCoopers , the Bank of Montreal , and the Globe and Mail .   Among the six jury members is jury chairman Roger Martin , Dean of the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto . Also in the jury are Peter Mansbridge , Chief Correspondent for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 's CBC News and Pamela Wallin , a Conservative sitting in the Canadian Senate .

neg: Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF .   The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans .   The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .

neg: Fair Rosamond (opera) Fair Rosamond is an English historical opera in four acts composed by John Barnett , written in 1837 to a libretto by Charles Zachary Barnett , after the legend of Rosamund Clifford ( `` Fair Rosamond '' or the `` Rose of the World '' ) , the 12th century mistress of King Henry II who was said to have been poisoned by the King 's wife , Queen Eleanor . In his opera , Barnett effects a happier ending .   The premiere was February 28 , 1837 at the Drury Lane Theater , London . It ran for 50 performances . Critics were generally appreciative of the composition and Barnett 's attempts to build an English grand opera , but complained of slow pacing in the libretto .

neg: Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people .   Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award .   The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team .   This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .

neg: Mabel Poulton Mabel Lilian Poulton ( 29 July 1901 -- 21 December 1994 ) was an English film actress , popular in Britain during the era of silent films .   Born in Bethnal Green , London , England , Poulton worked as a stenographer and entered films by chance . Her first role in George Pearson 's Nothing Else Matters ( 1920 ) was opposite Betty Balfour , who was also making her debut , and the film was a success . Over the next several years , Poulton was cast in a succession of roles , and usually played feisty or mischievous characters . A petite blonde , she also became well regarded for her fashion style , and was a highly recognisable celebrity . In 1928 , she starred in The Constant Nymph by Adrian Brunel and received excellent reviews for her performance . By the end of the decade she was considered to be one of Britain 's leading screen actresses along with Balfour , and was described by critics as Balfour 's only serious rival .   The advent of sound film brought a premature end to Poulton 's film career . The addition of the microphone revealed Poulton 's broad Cockney accent , which was at odds with the characters she had become identified with . Like Clara Bow who faced the same problem as a result of her Brooklyn accent , Poulton struggled to maintain her status . Also like Bow , she attempted to mount a comeback in the mid-1930s , which was well publicised but unsuccessful . She made her final film appearance in 1938 .   She spent her last years writing and re-writing a typescript about a young British starlet who is raped by a film director and who then descends into alcoholism . In biro , at some point of the writing process , she wrote in real names . Thomas Bentley is the director she accuses . She died in Merton , Surrey in 1994 aged 93 .

neg: Rosamund Greaves, 11th Countess of Dysart Rosamund Greaves , 11th Countess of Dysart ( 15 February 1914 -- December 2003 ) was a Scottish peer .   Rosamund was the eldest of three daughters of Wenefryde Agatha Greaves ( 1889 -- 1975 ) , 10th Countess of Dysart and Major Owain Edward Whitehead Greaves . On her mother 's death in 1975 Lady Rosamund became the 11th Countess of Dysart .   Rosamund never married or had issue therefore on her death in December 2003 , her younger sister , Lady Katherine , succeeded to the titles of Countess of Dysart and Lady Huntingtower .

neg: Rosamund (disambiguation) Rosamund is a feminine given name .   It may also refer to :   Matthew Rosamund ( 1823-1866 ) , soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross  540 Rosamunde , an asteroid  An opera by Thomas Augustine Arne  Rosamund ( Tahlequah , Oklahoma ) , listed on the NRHP in Cherokee County , Oklahoma

neg: Dwarf Stars Award The Dwarf Stars Award is an annual award presented by the Science Fiction Poetry Association to the author of the best horror , fantasy , or science fiction poem of ten lines or fewer published in the previous year . The award was established in 2006 as a counterpoint to the Rhysling Award , which is given by the same organization to horror , fantasy , or science fiction poems of any length . Poems are submitted to the association by the poets , from which approximately 30 are chosen by an editor to be published in an anthology each fall . Members of the association then vote on the published poems , and first through third-place winners are announced . The 2006 anthology was edited by Deborah P. Kolodji , and subsequent anthologies have been edited by an array of editors , including Kolodji , Stephen M. Wilson , Joshua Gage , Geoffrey A. Landis , Linda D. Addison , Sandra J. Lindow , John Amen , Jeannine Hall Gailey , and Lesley Wheeler .   During the 11 nomination years , 35 poems by 25 poets have been selected as third place or better , including one three-way tie for second place in 2016 , of which 11 poets have won outright . Jane Yolen has been noted four times , a first and a third place and two second-place results ; Deborah P. Kolodji and Julie Bloss Kelsey have each received a first and a second place ; Greg Beatty a first and a third place ; Sonya Taaffe has received two second-place results ; and Ann K. Schwader has received two third-place results .

neg: Ghost Story Society The Ghost Story Society was a not-for-profit literary society whose members shared an interest in supernatural fiction . Founded in Britain in 1988 by Rosemary Pardoe , Jeffrey Dempsey , David Cowperthwaite and Mark Valentine , it had an international membership and was later administered by joint organizers Christopher Roden and Barbara Roden , owners of Ash-Tree Press , with the assistance of David G. Rowlands , Richard Dalby , Jan Arter , and Roger Dobson . It has not been active since 2007 .   The society produced the journal All Hallows , which featured new ghostly fiction , along with studies of the works and lives of such authors of classic ghost stories as M. R. James , J. Sheridan Le Fanu , Algernon Blackwood , H. Russell Wakefield , E. F. Benson , A. N. L. Munby , and R. R. Ryan , as well as more recent authors such as Robert Aickman , Elizabeth Jane Howard , Terry Lamsley , and Jonathan Aycliffe . It also included detailed reviews and notices of recent ghostly publications and films , letters from members , and a column by Ramsey Campbell . All Hallows received the 2003 International Horror Guild Award for best periodical .

neg: Benjamin Rosenbaum Benjamin Rosenbaum ( born August 23 , 1969 ) is an American science fiction , fantasy , and literary fiction writer and computer programmer , whose stories have been finalists for the Hugo Award , the Nebula Award , the Theodore Sturgeon Award , the BSFA award , and the World Fantasy Award .

neg: Nike Award The Nike Literary Award ( Nagroda Literacka Nike ) is one of the most prestigious awards for Polish literature . Established in 1997 and funded by Gazeta Wyborcza , Poland 's second largest daily paper , and the consulting company NICOM , it is conferred annually in October for the best book of a single living author writing in Polish published the previous year . It is open for nominees from all literary genres , including non-fiction essays and autobiographies . Each year , a nine-member jury selects the laureate in a three-stage process . Twenty official nominees are accepted in May , out of which seven finalists are declared in September . The final decision does not take place until the day of the award ceremony in October . The award consists of a statuette designed by the prominent Polish sculptor Gustaw Zemła and a cash prize of currently PLN 100,000 .   In addition to the main jury award , there is an audience award based on the outcome of a vote on the seven official finalists conducted by Gazeta Wyborcza . The verdicts of the audience and jury have converged only occasionally ( 2000 , 2001 and 2004 ) .

neg: Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees .   The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .

neg: Oliver Pike Oliver Pike may refer to :   Oliver Pike ( cricketer ) ( born 1998 ) , Welsh cricketer  Oliver Pike , a minor Buffy the Vampire Slayer character  Oliver G. Pike ( 1877 -- 1963 ) , wildlife photographer and film maker

neg: Political Film Society Award for Democracy The Political Film Society Award for democracy is given out each year to a film that promotes , educates , and raises the awareness level of the public in the specific areas of democracy and freedom . This award has been handed out by the Society since 1988 . Depending on the number of movies that qualify , sometimes only one film is nominated for this award , but as many as seven have been nominated in years past .   The film that first won this award was The Milagro Beanfield War in 1988 that was directed by Robert Redford . The only other award nominated in 1988 against The Milagro Beanfield War was Stand and Deliver . The award , as with any other Political Film Society Award , can go to a mainstream film , independent film , or even an international film . The Political Film Society looks at a broad selection of movies before it nominates them for an award .

neg: Latino Book Awards The Latino Book Awards recognize the best achievements in Spanish or Portuguese literature each year . They are produced by Latino Literacy Now , an organization co-founded by Edward James Olmos and Kirk Whisler and Reforma , the National Association to Promote Library and Information Services to Latinos .   Each year since 1997 the Latino Book Awards are announced at BookExpo America , the largest publishing trade show in the United States . The awards include diverse categories . In 2007 the Latino Book Awards were renamed International Latino Book Awards . Its winners include authors such as Isabel Allende , Rudolfo Anaya , Mario Vargas Llosa , Rodolfo Acuña , Gabriel Garcia Marquez , Victor Paz Otero , Rudy Ruiz , Antonieta Villamil , Ana Nogales or Paulo Coelho .

neg: List of accolades received by Gone Girl (film) Gone Girl is a 2014 psychological thriller film directed by David Fincher , and produced by Leslie Dixon , Bruna Papandrea , Arnon Milchan , Reese Witherspoon , Ceán Chaffin , and Joshua Donen . The screenplay was adapted by Gillian Flynn from her eponymous 2012 novel . Set in Missouri , United States , the film stars Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne , a writer who becomes the prime suspect in the mysterious disappearance of his wife Amy , played by Rosamund Pike . Neil Patrick Harris and Tyler Perry feature in supporting roles . The score was composed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross .   Gone Girl premiered at the New York Film Festival on September 26 , 2014 , before 20th Century Fox gave the film a wide release at over 3,000 theaters in the United States and Canada on October 3 . It grossed over $ 368 million on a production budget of $ 61 million . As of June 2016 , Gone Girl is Fincher 's highest-grossing film . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 295 reviews and judged 88 % to be positive .   Gone Girl garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction , Pike 's lead acting performance , Flynn 's screenplay , and its score . At the 87th Academy Awards , Pike received a nomination for Best Actress . The film received four nominations at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards : Best Director for Fincher , Best Actress in a Drama for Pike , Best Screenplay for Flynn , and Best Original Score . Pike won the Empire Award for Best Actress , and garnered nominations in the same category at the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards and 68th British Academy Film Awards ( BAFTAs ) . She also received the Breakthrough Performance Award from the Palm Springs International Film Festival . Flynn was nominated at the BAFTAs , as well as the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review included the film in their list of top ten films of the year .

neg: Rebecca West Dame Cicely Isabel Fairfield DBE ( 21 December 1892 -- 15 March 1983 ) , known as Rebecca West , or Dame Rebecca West , was a British author , journalist , literary critic and travel writer . An author who wrote in many genres , West reviewed books for The Times , the New York Herald Tribune , the Sunday Telegraph , and the New Republic , and she was a correspondent for The Bookman . Her major works include Black Lamb and Grey Falcon ( 1941 ) , on the history and culture of Yugoslavia ; A Train of Powder ( 1955 ) , her coverage of the Nuremberg trials , published originally in The New Yorker ; The Meaning of Treason , later The New Meaning of Treason , a study of the trial of the British Fascist William Joyce and others ; The Return of the Soldier , a modernist World War I novel ; and the `` Aubrey trilogy '' of autobiographical novels , The Fountain Overflows , This Real Night , and Cousin Rosamund . Time called her `` indisputably the world 's number one woman writer '' in 1947 . She was made CBE in 1949 , and DBE in 1959 , in each case , the citation reads : `` writer and literary critic '' . She took the pseudonym `` Rebecca West '' from the rebellious young heroine in Rosmersholm by Henrik Ibsen .

neg: Sarah Woodhouse Sarah Woodhouse ( born 1950 in Birmingham , England ) is a British writer . In 1989 , her novel The Peacock 's Feather was awarded the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists ' Association .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Syndicat National de la Librairie Ancienne et Moderne Syndicat National de la Librairie Ancienne et Moderne ( SLAM ) , the national antiquarian book association of France , was created in 1914 .   Its primary objective is to make the public aware of the world of antique books . It is the sole representative of the antique book trade in France , and as such plays an active part in maintaining relations with the public administration as well as with private organisations and bookdealers . Its activities are equally directed towards the promotion of the book trade and improving public knowledge of rare books .   SLAM includes about 225 book , autograph and print dealers , whose knowledge and professionalism are vouched for by strict admission rules . Consequently , they are experts in their fields , and are devoted to the transmission of knowledge and to the preservation of culture .   SLAM organises each year in Paris an elegant International Bookfair ( the FILA ) which attracts about 100 dealers from all over the world . Since 1998 , the SLAM has been awarding a yearly Bibliography Prize .


query: The Guntur district is located within Andhra Pradesh.

pos: Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh ( -LSB- , ahndr@_pr@'dEsh -RSB- ) is one of the 29 states of India , situated on the southeastern coast of the country . The state is the eighth largest state in India covering an area of 162307 km2 . As per 2011 Census of India , the state is tenth largest by population with 49,386,799 inhabitants .   On 2 June 2014 , the north-western portion of the state was bifurcated to form a new state of Telangana . Andhra Pradesh 's longtime capital , Hyderabad , was transferred to Telangana as part of the division . However , in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , Hyderabad will remain the de jure capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding 10 years . The new riverfront proposed capital in Guntur district is Amaravati , which is under the jurisdiction of APCRDA . The Gross State Domestic Product ( GSDP ) of the state in the 2016 -- 2017 financial year at current prices stood at .   The state has a coastline of 974 km with jurisdiction over nearly 15,000 km2 territorial waters , the second longest among all the states of India after Gujarat . It is bordered by Telangana in the north-west , Chhattisgarh in the north , Odisha in the north-east , Karnataka in the west , Tamil Nadu in the south and the water body of Bay of Bengal in the east . A small enclave of 30 km2 of Yanam , a district of Puducherry , lies south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta to the east of the state .   Andhra Pradesh is composed of two regions : Coastal Andhra , located along the Bay of Bengal , and Rayalaseema , in the inland southwestern part of the state . These two regions comprise 13 districts , with 9 in Coastal Andhra and 4 in Rayalaseema . Visakhapatnam , located on the Bay of Bengal in North Coastal Andhra is the largest city and commercial hub of the state with a GDP of $ 26 billion , followed in population and GDP by Vijayawada , which is located on the Krishna River and which has a GDP of $ 3 billion as of 2010 .   Andhra Pradesh hosted 121.8 million visitors in 2015 , a 30 % growth in tourist arrivals over the previous year . The Tirumala Venkateswara Temple in Tirupati is one of the world 's most visited religious sites , with 18.25 million visitors per year . Other pilgrimage centers in Andhra Pradesh include the Ameen Peer Dargah in Kadapa , the Mahachaitya at Amaravathi , and the Kanaka Durga Temple in Vijayawada , while the state 's natural attractions include the beaches of Visakhapatnam , hill stations such as the Araku Valley and Horsley Hills , and the island of Konaseema in the Godavari River delta .

neg: Madala Madala is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is located in Muppalla mandal . It is a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region .

neg: Pudivada Pudivada is a census village in Guntur district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh .   Pudivada is a village , it comes under Nagaram Mandal region of Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh . It has a population greater than 5,000 and lies at the junction of Repalle-Cherukupalli-Bapatla . This Village has famous `` Venugopala Swamy '' temple is situated in this Village . Every summer temple team ` Bashyakara Samjam ' celebrate annual utsavas in a grand fashion .   This village also has a famous and very ancient school ` Sri Achuta Upper Primary School ' . From this school so many famous personalities came out and settled across the world .   This village has an ancient Sivalayam and so many Rama temples .   Village people main occupation is farming , people cultivate paddy and Urd Dal . Fertile lands will generate lot of rice and Urd dal and farmers export the same rice though local rice mills .   This village is planning to establish solar power for the street lights .   Category : Villages in Guntur district

neg: Amatur Amatur is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka , India .

neg: Therlam Therlam is a village in Vizianagaram district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh , India .

neg: Venkatagirikota Venkatagiri Kota ( also known as V.Kota ) is a small town in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is the mandal headquarters of Venkatagirikota mandal .

neg: Archaeological Museum, Amaravati The Amaravati Archaeological Museum is a museum located in Amaravati , a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh .

neg: Bandlamotu Bandlamotu is a village in Bollapalle mandal , located in Guntur district of Indian state of Andhra Pradesh .

neg: Ipurupalem Epurupalem is a village in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is located in Chirala mandal . It was earlier a part of Bapatla mandal of Guntur district .

neg: Visakhapatnam (urban) mandal Visakhapatnam ( urban ) mandal is one of the 43 mandals in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh in India . It is administered under Visakhapatnam revenue division and its headquarters are located at Visakhapatnam . The mandal lies on the coast of Bay of Bengal and is bounded by Visakhapatnam ( rural ) mandal .   There are no villages in the mandal . The mandal consists of the city of Visakhapatnam , which is a municipal corporation .

neg: NTR bus station NTR bus station is a bus station in Guntur and owned by Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation . The bus station serves both the city and district services in Andhra Pradesh as well buses from neighboring states of Karnataka , Tamil Nadu and Telangana .

neg: Ipur Ipur may refer to :   Ipur , Guntur district , a village in Guntur district , Andhra Pradesh , India  Epuru , West Godavari district , a village in West Godavari district , Andhra Pradesh , India

neg: Gudivada Gudivada is a city in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is a municipality and the headquarters of Gudivada mandal in Gudivada revenue division . It is one of the cities in the state to be a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region . It is Twenty sixth most populous city in the state with a population of 118,167 .

neg: Shimiliguda Shimiliguda is a village in Visakhapatnam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh .

neg: Gajularega Gajularega is a census town in Vizianagaram district in the state of Andhra Pradesh , India .

neg: Lemalle Lemalle is a village in Guntur district , Andhra Pradesh , India on the way to Amaravati from Guntur . 14th Mile is also part of Lemalle grama panchayat and commercial area of this village .

neg: Budampadu Budampadu is a neighbourhood of Guntur in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It was a village , prior to its merger into Guntur Municipal Corporation in 2012 .

neg: Bapatla East (rural) Bapatla East ( rural ) is a village in Bapatla mandal , located in Guntur District of Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is located on the east of the Bapatla town and falls in Bapatla mandal of Tenali revenue division .

neg: Kamarajugadda Kamarajugadda is the name of an Indian village on the banks of the River Krishna in Andhra Pradesh in Guntur district .

neg: Amruthalur Amruthalur is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is located in Amruthalur mandal of Tenali revenue division .


query: Colombia is the least densely biodiverse country.

pos: Colombia Colombia ( k ) , is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments . The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples , with as most advanced the Muisca , Quimbaya and the Tairona .   The Spanish set foot on Colombian soil for the first time in 1499 and in the first half of the 16th century initiated a period of conquest and colonization , ultimately creating the New Kingdom of Granada , with as capital Santafé de Bogotá . Independence from Spain was acquired in 1819 , but by 1830 the `` Gran Colombia '' Federation was dissolved . What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada . The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 . Since the 1960s , the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict , which escalated in the 1990s but then decreased from 2005 onward . Colombia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world , and thereby possesses a rich cultural heritage . The urban centres are mostly located in the highlands of the Andes mountains .   Colombian territory also encompasses Amazon rainforest , tropical grassland and both Caribbean and Pacific coastlines . Ecologically , it is one of the world 's 17 megadiverse countries , and the most densely biodiverse of these per square kilometer . Colombia is a middle power and a regional actor with the fourth-largest economy in Latin America , is part of the CIVETS group of six leading emerging markets and is a member of the UN , the WTO , the OAS , the Pacific Alliance , and other international organizations . Colombia has a diversified economy with macroeconomic stability and favorable growth prospects in the long run .

neg: Zipacón Zipacón ( -LSB- sipaˈkon -RSB- ) is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Western Savanna Province , part of the department of Cundinamarca . The urban centre of Zipacón is situated at an altitude of 2550 m on the Bogotá savanna , the southern flatlands of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes . Zipacón borders Anolaima , Facatativá , La Mesa and Bojacá .

neg: Cerro de la Muerte Cerro de la Muerte is the highest point in the Costa Rican section of the Inter-American Highway . Its name means `` Mountain of Death '' or `` Summit of Death , '' since in the past crossing the mountains from the Valle Central meant a three - or four-day journey , on foot or on horseback , and many ill-prepared travelers succumbed to the cold and rain . However , the peak is now easily accessible since the highway runs close by .   A drivable track from the highway ( Kilometer 89 ) leads to a peak , with its cluster of telecommunications aerials . A short hike is also available from the highway to another peak marked with a barrel . A sign marks the high point of the highway ( Costa Rica 2 ) at 3,335 meters ( 10,942 feet ) , from where the vehicle track and hiking trail begin . At this altitude , overnight temperatures can dip below freezing , but the sun soon raises the temperatures in the morning , with a high risk of sunburn in the thin clear air . Record temperatures reach below -6 ° C.   This mountain is in Talamanca range , which extends from eastern Costa Rica into neighbouring western Panama . This range was a volcanic island in the geological past , it raised result of tectonic uplift and its separation from other mountain ranges means that it has developed many endemic species of animals and plants , often with affinities to Andean forms .   The higher areas are páramo habitat , with stunted shrubs , dwarf bamboo , and tree ferns , and smaller plants like blueberry , gooseberry and lady 's slipper . Below this zone , the natural vegetation is oak forest with bamboo understory , an excellent place to see the charismatic resplendent quetzal .   Nearly 50 % of the bird species recorded from Cerro de la Muerte are endemic to the Talamanca range . These include fiery-throated hummingbird , timberline wren , sooty robin , black-billed nightingale-thrush , peg-billed finch and volcano junco .

neg: List of birds of Bolivia This is a list of the bird species recorded in Bolivia . The avifauna of Bolivia has 1381 species ( 1382 according to Clements ; see puffbirds ) . Fifteen are endemic , two have been introduced by humans , and 19 are rare or accidental . An additional 38 species are hypothetical ( see below ) .   This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families , and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , 2016 edition . The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy , as do the species counts found in each family account . Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts . Except as an entry is cited otherwise , the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) of the American Ornithologists ' Union . The taxonomy used by the SACC differs from `` Clements '' , and significant differences in names are noted . Differences from `` Clements '' in the sequence of orders , families , and species within families are not noted .  The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species .   ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Bolivia  ( E ) Endemic - a species endemic to Bolivia  ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Bolivia as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions  ( H ) Hypothetical - a species recorded but with `` no tangible evidence '' according to the SACC

neg: LGBT in Colombia The initialism LGBT is used to refer collectively to lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) people and members of the specific group and to the community ( subculture ) that surrounds them . This can include rights advocates , artists , authors , etc. .   In spite of considerable de jure legal protection for the LGBT community in Colombia ( see LGBT rights in Colombia ) , LGBT individuals are often subject to controversy regarding acceptance ( transgender individuals , in particular ) .

neg: Human trafficking in Venezuela Venezuela is a source , transit , and destination country for men , women , and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor . Venezuela 's political , economic , and social concerns contribute to the factors and types of human trafficking in the country . In particular , the severe poverty in Venezuela has increased the rate of human trafficking . Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation , lured from poor regions in the nation 's interior to urban and tourist areas . Victims are recruited through false job offers and subsequently forced into prostitution or conditions of labor exploitation . Child prostitution in urban areas and child sex tourism in resort destinations such as Margarita Island appear to be growing . Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to Western Europe and Mexico , in addition to Caribbean destinations such as Trinidad and Tobago , Aruba , and the Dominican Republic . Men , women , and children from Colombia , Peru , Ecuador , Brazil , the Dominican Republic , and the People 's Republic of China are trafficked to and through Venezuela and may be subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor .

neg: Guayabal (Medellin) Guayabal is the 15th commune in the metropolitan area of the city of Medellin , Colombia .   It is the city 's 2nd least populated commune with 94,960 inhabitants as of 2016 .  Its eastern boundary with the comuna of El Poblado runs along the Medellín River ; to the south , it borders the city of Itagüí and to the west and to the north , the comune of Belén .

neg: Fauna of Honduras The republic of Honduras is a Central American country , geographically situated inside the tropics , this habitat allows thousand of species to adapt easily to its lands , therefore has a wide variety of flora and fauna species , humans among them .   Many of these species are becoming extinct , which has posed to the Honduran government , offices and naturalist organizations that promote and look after the protection so much the biodiversity of species , like the existent natural reservations .   Fauna in Honduras is very rich and varied . The most common are arboreal or live in the fluvial currents lacustrine waters .   Big animals are not very numerous but there are hundreds of reptile species , amphibians and birds ; lizards and a lot of varieties of fish in the currents . Cute , bats and myriads of birds abound in the trees .

neg: Valle del Cauca Department Valle del Cauca , or Cauca Valley ( -LSB- ˈbaʎe ðel ˈkauka -RSB- , -LSB- ˈβaʝe ðel ˈkauka -RSB- ) is a department of Colombia . It is in the western side of the country , facing the Pacific Ocean , and it is considered one of the most important departments in the Republic of Colombia . Its capital is Santiago de Cali . Given its privileged location , lately it has been considered as the Pacific Door of Colombia .  Besides Cali such cities as Buenaventura , Cartago and Tuluá have great economical , political , social and cultural influence on the department 's life . Valle del Cauca has the largest number of independent towns ( i.e. not in Metropolitan areas ) with over 100,000 inhabitants in the country , counting six within its borders . Buenaventura has the largest and busiest seaport in Colombia , moving about 8,500,000 tons of merchandise .   The anthem of Valle del Cauca Department is `` Salve Valle del Cauca , mi tierra '' ( `` Hail Valley of the Cauca , my land '' ) .

neg: Animal rights in Colombia Animal rights in Colombia refers to topics related to Animal rights in Colombia . The Colombian constitution does not recognize animal rights . Law 84 of 1989 stipulates a statute to protect animals , with the exception of bullfighting and cock fights , which are considered to be part of the Culture of Colombia .   Despite having a legislation against animal trafficking , Colombia is one of the major sources and routes for animal trafficking in the world . There are numerous non-governmental organizations working in Colombia on behalf of animal rights .

neg: Balloon effect The balloon effect is an often-cited criticism of United States drug policy . The name draws an analogy between efforts to eradicate the production of illegal drugs in South American countries and the phenomenon of the same name when a latex balloon is squeezed : The air is moved , but does not disappear , instead moving into another area of less resistance .   Examples of this displacement in drug traffic include :  Fumigation of marijuana in Mexico caused production to migrate to Colombia .  Marijuana crackdowns in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta moved activity to Cauca .  In the late 1990s , coca was largely eradicated in Peru and Bolivia , only to be replaced by new crops in Colombia .  Recently , with the intense spraying in the Colombian Putumayo Department , coca has been planted in other departments including Arauca , Cauca , Caquetá , Guaviare , Huila , Meta , Nariño , and Santander .   As described in The Economist :   Brazil and the Southern Cone ( Chile , Uruguay , Paraguay , Argentina ) neglected their respective drug trafficking issues and due to the concentration on the Andean region , these were neglected by the United States as well . These nations ignored the problem primarily due to its slow introduction and penetration into their society , the insistence from the U.S. that the sources of the drugs was the only problem and because the governments at the time were more concerned with foreign debt , inflation , economic growth , civil-military relations and political survival . The United States continued to increase their anti-drug operations in the Andean region resulting in displacement . This means that the U.S. tactics forced the drug traffickers to search for safer areas with less government pressure to eliminate the flow of narcotics . The drug traffickers took advantage of the neglected Southern Cone and began shifting their routes , locations for cocaine laboratories and money laundering centres . These shifts have also created growing drug consumption issues among the Southern Cone countries . While the role of the Southern Cone had been that of a transhipment point for cocaine produced in the Andean region , further evidence appeared to indicate that in fact since 1984 the region had been used extensively by Colombian and Bolivian drug traffickers . Cocaine labs were found in Northern and Western Brazil and in Argentina . It was also found that Uruguay and Chile had become major financial centres for money laundering after the invasion of Panama . Uruguay was particularly attractive as it has one of the most open banking systems in the Western hemisphere and the government has always put great emphasis on having tight bank secrecy laws .

neg: Mission Vuelta al Campo Mission Vuelta al Campo ( `` Return to the Countryside '' ; implementation announced in mid-2005 ) is one of the Bolivarian Missions ( a series of anti-poverty and social welfare programs ) implemented by current Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez . Mission Vuelta al Campo seeks to encourage impoverished and unemployed urban Venezuelans to willingly return to the countryside .   Prior to the Chávez administration , Venezuela 's rural areas have seen substantial economic disinvestment , depopulation , and abandonment ever since oil wealth discoveries and extraction commenced in the early 20th century ; as a consequence Venezuela now has an urbanization rate of more than 85 % ( far higher than the average for both Latin America and the Third World and is , despite its vast tracts of highly fertile soil and arable land , a net food importer . The Ley de Tierras -- `` Law of the Lands '' -- was passed by presidential decree in November 2001 ; it included the creation of a Plan Zamora to implement land reforms , including redistribution , in Venezuelan agriculture . Underutilized or unused private corporate and agricultural estates would now be subject to expropriation after fair-market compensation was paid to the owners . Inheritable , inalienable , and at times communal land grants were also made to small farmers and farmer 's collectives . The rationale given for this program was that it would provide incentives for the eventual and gradual repopulation of the countryside and provide `` food security '' for the country by lessening the present dependence on foreign imports . There are three types of land that may be distributed under the program :  government land ,  land that is claimed by private owners , but whose claims the government disputes ,  and underutilized private land .  To date , the Chávez government has only distributed the first two types of land .   Mission Vuelta al Campo fits into this context by seeking to facilitate the willing migration of urban residents back to the countryside in order to receive the benefits of these redistributions . The Chávez government desires that , with increased small-scale farming and ranching by formerly poor , mostly slum-dwelling Venezuelans , both increased economic opportunities of the poor as well as the food sovereignty of Venezuela may be secured .

neg: Human trafficking in Colombia The country of Colombia is a major source country for women and girls subjected to trafficking in persons , specifically forced prostitution in Latin America , the Caribbean , Western Europe , Asia , and North America , including the United States . Within Colombia , some men are found in conditions of forced labor , but the forced prostitution of women and children from rural areas in urban areas remains a larger problem . Individual cases of forced marriage -- a risk factor for trafficking -- involuntary domestic servitude , and forced begging have been reported . Some children are subjected to forced labor in mines and quarries , in the agricultural sector or as domestic servants . Groups at high risk for internal trafficking include displaced persons , poor women in rural areas , and relatives of members of criminal organizations . Continued armed violence in Colombia has displaced many communities , making them vulnerable to human trafficking . Guerillas and new illegal armed groups forcibly recruit children to join their ranks ; the government estimates thousands of children are exploited under such conditions . Members of gangs and organized criminal networks force their relatives and acquaintances , and displaced persons -- typically women and children -- into conditions of forced prostitution and forced labor , including forced work in the illegal drug trade . Colombia also is a destination for foreign child sex tourists , particularly coastal cities such as Cartagena and Barranquilla . Migrants from South America , Africa , and China transit Colombia en route to the United States and Europe ; some may fall victim to traffickers .   The Government of Colombia fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons . During the reporting period , the government increased law enforcement actions against trafficking offenders , enhanced prevention efforts , and continued to offer victim services through an interagency trafficking operations center and through partnerships with NGOs and international organizations . The significant number of Colombians trafficked abroad , however , reflects the need for increased prevention efforts and victim services .

neg: Cotacachi Canton Cotacachi is a canton of Imbabura province of Ecuador in South America . The name also refers to the city which is the seat of that canton , one of Ecuador 's leading artisanal manufacturers of leather goods , and to the dormant Volcan Cotacachi which overlooks the canton .   The city of Cotacachi holds a UNESCO medal for being free of illiteracy . In 2000 the canton of Cotacachi was declared the first ecological county of South America .   The name Cotacachi has many meanings . In `` Cara '' it means `` lake with women breast '' which refers to the general shape of the island in Laguna Cuicocha ; in Quichua it means powder salt . The ecosystems of the area and the native flora and fauna makes this canton one of the ecologically richest zones in South America . The area attracts tourists for bird-watching , camping , and fly fishing .   The weather in the area ranges from 9 to 25 degrees Celsius and is cooler in the evenings .   In the last decade Cotacachi has implemented a new system of local development by creating a city council . All the sectors of the society , from children to the ancient , rural and urban representatives participate in the council . Cotacachi is an example of development and progress .   Ascendant Corporation plans to raze to the ground the villages of Junín , Cerro Pelado , and El Triunfo in order to make ground for copper mining . Since the complete moratorium passed on all mining in Ecuador ( as of May 2008 ) , however , this has been delayed if not completely halted .   Pachakutik , a party of the indigenous population gained four of five seats in the area at the 2004 local elections . For the 2009-2014 period , Alberto Anrango ( supporter of the Alianza PAIS party ) was the mayor of Cotacachi . In 2014 , Jomar Cevallos , founder of the new party , Ally Kawsay ( `` Vivir Bien '' in Spanish , or `` Good Living '' in English ) , won the election for the 2015-2019 period .   Cotacachi is known for quality leather goods ; it has a number of shops on `` Leather Street '' that sell coats , jackets , shoes , and specialty items .

neg: Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth 's land surface . Physically , it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone .

neg: Valledupar Valledupar is a city and municipality in northeastern Colombia . It is the capital of Cesar Department . Its name , Valle de Upar ( Valley of Upar ) , was established in honor of the Amerindian cacique who ruled the valley ; Cacique Upar . The city lies between the mountains of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá to the borders of the Guatapurí and Cesar rivers .   Valledupar is an important agricultural , cattle raising , coal mining and agro-industrial center for the region between the Departments of Cesar and southern municipalities of La Guajira Department , formerly known as the Padilla Province . Valledupar is notable as the cradle of vallenato music , representative of the Colombian culture . The city hosts the Vallenato Legend Festival .   During the 1980s , 1990s and early 2000s , the city suffered during the Colombian Armed Conflict , with numerous kidnappings , thousands of people forced out and failure to control crime .   Valledupar has one of Colombia 's most modern maximum security prisons .

neg: List of companies of Colombia Colombia is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America , with territories in Central America . Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama , to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru . It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica , Nicaragua , Honduras , Jamaica , the Dominican Republic and Haiti . It is a unitary , constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments .   Colombia is the third most populous country in Latin America . Its major industries include textiles , food processing , petroleum , clothing and footwear , consumer appliances , beverages , chemicals , cement , automobiles , gold , coal , and emeralds   For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations , see `` Business entities in Colombia '' .

neg: Tumaco Tumaco is a port city and municipality in the Nariño Department , Colombia , by the Pacific Ocean . It is located on the southwestern corner of Colombia , near the border with Ecuador , and enjoys of hot tropical climate . Tumaco is inhabited mainly by Afro-Colombians and some indigenous people .   Tumaco is accessible by plane , from the western city of Cali , one of the main urban centers of the country , well connected to Bogotá , the capital city . It can also be reached by land via highway from the city of Pasto , the capital city of the Nariño Department . Tumaco is known for being the hometown of many great Colombian soccer players , including Willington Ortiz .   Colombian film director Samuel Córdoba released a documentary about the city in 2009 . The film , entitled `` Tumaco Pacífico '' , chronicles the stilt-house area of the city , predominantly populated by Afro-Colombians . Córdoba was inspired by a panoramic photo of the stilt houses he saw in a photography book on Tumaco . The film won first place at the Festival de Cine Latinoamericano de Bordeaux , in France , and was presented at the Festival Internacional de Cine , in Santiago , Chile .   Other places of interest include untapped ecotourism sites and beaches located near the mouth of the Mira River , where the river meets the sea . Also , there are the Playas de Milagros ( beaches of Miracles ) , and Bocananueva y Teran beaches , where visitors can experience great diversity of flora and fauna first hand .

neg: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is an isolated mountain range separated from the Andes chain that runs through Colombia . Reaching an altitude of 5700 m just 42 km from the Caribbean coast , the Sierra Nevada is one of the world 's highest coastal ranges , being a few hundred feet shorter than the Saint Elias Mountains in Canada . The Sierra Nevada encompasses about 17000 km2 and serves as the source of 36 rivers . The range is in the Departments of Magdalena , Cesar and La Guajira .   The highest point of the Sierra Nevada group ( and Colombia in general ) may be either Pico Cristóbal Colón or Pico Simón Bolívar both in the municipalities of Santa Marta and Aracataca ; it has yet to be determined which is higher . SRTM data and local topographic maps show that their true elevations are approximately 5700 m , lower than the 5775 m elevation that is often quoted .   The Sierra Nevada is a compact group , relatively small in area , and completely surrounded by lands with elevations below 200 m. Although it is associated with the Tropical Andes , the main backbone of the Andes can not be reached from the Sierra Nevada without dropping below this level . This makes its highest point the world 's fifth most prominent summit .   Several peaks in the Sierra Nevada are intervisible with Cerro Paramillo , a 3730 m peak in Antioquia Department . This implies a theoretical direct line of sight of just over 500 km , reported to be the longest between any two points on the surface of the Earth .

neg: Atlántico Department Atlántico ( -LSB- aˈtlantiko -RSB- , Atlantic ) is a department of Colombia , located in northern Colombia with the Caribbean sea to its north , the Bolívar Department to its west and south separated by the Canal del Dique , and the Magdalena Department to its east separated by the Magdalena River . It is the third smallest of the country 's departments but its population of 2,272,170 makes it one of the most densely populated .   Its capital is Barranquilla . Other important cities include Soledad and Malambo .

neg: List of birds of Brazil Brazil has one of the richest bird diversities in the world . The avifauna of Brazil include a total of 1799 species , of which 231 are endemic . Four have been introduced by humans , 69 are rare or accidental , and four are extinct or extirpated . An additional 24 species are hypothetical ( see below ) .   Brazil hosts about 60 % of the bird species recorded for all of South America . These numbers are still increasing almost every year , due to new occurrences , new species being described , or splits of existing species . About 10 % of the bird species found in Brazil are , nonetheless , threatened .   In June 2013 a simultaneous discovery of fifteen bird species in Brazil was announced , the first such since 1871 , when August von Pelzeln described forty new species . The birds were from the families Corvidae , Thamnophilidae , Dendrocolaptidae , Tyrannidae , and Polioptilidae . Eleven of the new species are endemics of Brazil and four also inhabit Peru and Bolivia .   This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families , and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , 2016 edition . Except as an entry is cited otherwise , the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) of the American Ornithologists ' Union . The taxonomy used by the SACC differs from `` Clements '' , and significant differences in names are noted . Especially see typical antbirds and puffbirds ; entries in those families increase the above total species count by two and decrease the endemic count by one , respectively .   Differences from `` Clements '' in the sequence of orders , families , and species within families are not noted . Several new species have been proposed and are under consideration by the SACC ; one is listed here .   The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species .   ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Brazil  ( E ) Endemic - a species endemic to Brazil  ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Brazil as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions  ( H ) Hypothetical - a species recorded but with `` no tangible evidence '' according to the SACC


query: Furia is written by someone known for Furia and it is French.

pos: Grégory Levasseur Grégory Levasseur ( born 1979 in Douarnenez , France ) is a French screenwriter and film producer , best known for The Hills Have Eyes ( 2006 ) , High Tension ( 2003 ) , Maniac ( 2012 ) Piranha 3-D ( 2010 ) , Mirrors ( 2008 ) , P2 ( 2007 ) , and Furia ( 1999 ) , all of which he collaborated on with Alexandre Aja .   The Pyramid ( 2014 ) was Levasseur 's directorial debut .

pos: Furia (film) Furia is a 1999 French romantic drama film directed by Alexandre Aja , who co-wrote screenplay with Grégory Levasseur , adapted from the science fiction short story `` Graffiti '' by Julio Cortázar . It stars Stanislas Merhar and Marion Cotillard .

neg: René Belletto René Belletto ( born 11 September 1945 in Lyon ) is a French writer , and winner of the Prix Femina , 1986 , for L'Enfer .

neg: Furia Musical Furia Musical was a Mexican music magazine published by Editorial Televisa , which includes articles and gossip about the famous singers in this genre .

neg: François Villon François Villon ( pronounced -LSB- fʁɑ̃swa vijɔ̃ -RSB- in modern French ; in fifteenth-century French , -LSB- -LSB- frɑnswɛ vilɔn -RSB- -RSB- ) , born in Paris in 1431 and disappeared from view in 1463 , is the best known French poet of the late Middle Ages . A ne'er - do-well who was involved in criminal behavior and had multiple encounters with law enforcement authorities , Villon wrote about some of these experiences in his poems .

neg: Carole Facal Carole Facal , is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Quebec . She writes and performs mainly in French under the stage name Caracol .

neg: Orlando Furioso Orlando furioso ( -LSB- orˈlando fuˈrjoːzo ; - oːso -RSB- ; The Frenzy of Orlando , more literally Raging Roland ; in Italian furioso is never capitalized ) is an Italian epic poem by Ludovico Ariosto which has exerted a wide influence on later culture . The earliest version appeared in 1516 , although the poem was not published in its complete form until 1532 . Orlando Furioso is a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo 's unfinished romance Orlando Innamorato ( `` Orlando in Love '' , published posthumously in 1495 ) . In its historical setting and characters , it shares some features with the Old French Chanson de Roland of the eleventh century , which tells of the death of Roland . The story is also a chivalric romance which stemmed from a tradition beginning in the late Middle Ages and continuing in popularity in the 16th century and well into the 17th .   Orlando is the Christian knight known in French ( and subsequently English ) as Roland . The action takes place against the background of the war between Charlemagne 's Christian paladins and the Saracen army that has invaded Europe and is attempting to overthrow the Christian empire . The poem is about war and love and the romantic ideal of chivalry . It mixes realism and fantasy , humor and tragedy . The stage is the entire world , plus a trip to the moon . The large cast of characters features Christians and Saracens , soldiers and sorcerers , and fantastic creatures including a gigantic sea monster called the orc and a flying horse called the hippogriff . Many themes are interwoven in its complicated episodic structure , but the most important are the paladin Orlando 's unrequited love for the pagan princess Angelica , which drives him mad ; the love between the female Christian warrior Bradamante and the Saracen Ruggiero , who are supposed to be the ancestors of Ariosto 's patrons , the d'Este family of Ferrara ; and the war between Christian and Infidel .   The poem is divided into forty-six cantos , each containing a variable number of eight-line stanzas in ottava rima ( a rhyme scheme of abababcc ) . Ottava rima had been used in previous Italian romantic epics , including Luigi Pulci 's Morgante and Boiardo 's Orlando Innamorato . Ariosto 's work is 38,736 lines long in total , making it one of the longest poems in European literature .

neg: Dumè Dominique Mattei ( born in 1981 in Marseille , France ) better known by the stage name Dumè is a French singer , composer and actor .

neg: Le Déserteur `` Le déserteur '' ( The Deserter ) is a famous anti-war song written by French singer Boris Vian and released on May 7 , 1954 during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu .   It was first sung by Marcel Mouloudji , in 1954 . Subsequently , it was forbidden by the French censor to be sold or broadcast until 1962 . It was later translated into English , Italian ( by Luigi Tenco , Ornella Vanoni and Ivano Fossati ) , Spanish , Swedish ( `` Jag står här på ett torg '' , Lars Forssell ) , Dutch ( `` De deserteur '' by Peter Blanker ) , Catalan and Danish and then many other languages . In the United States , it was a major anti-war song by Joan Baez during the Vietnam War .   The song is in the form of a letter written to the French President by a man who states that he is going to refuse his call to arms and desert , and explains his reasons for doing so .   In the late 1970s , the song was covered by nuclear protesters in Brittany , as a direct apostrophe to the fierce pro-nuclear French president Giscard d'Estaing in the Plogoff struggle .   A stanza of the song appears in Thomas Pynchon 's novel V.   The last stanza of the song was altered to complete the idea that the `` Deserter '' is asking for peace by recommendation of Mouloudji . In the original stanza , he is armed when he faces pursuers . Below is the original French stanza and its English translation .

neg: Franciscus Franciscus is a Latin given name , originally an epithet meaning `` the Frank , the Frenchman '' .  It was applied to Saint Francis of Assisi ( 1181/82 -- 1226 ) .  Francis had been baptized Giovanni ( John ) ; his father was Italian and his mother Provençale ( at the time not considered French ) ; his father was on business in France when he was born , and when he returned to Assisi , he began to call his son by the nickname Francesco , in the opinion of G. K. Chesterton possibly because out of a general enthusiasm for all things French , or because of his commercial success in France .  After the canonization of Saint Francis of Assisi in 1228 , the custom of naming children after saints led to the popularization of Franciscus as a given name . In the vernaculars of western Europe , the name diversified into the forms Francesco ( Italian ) , Francisco ( Spanish and Portuguese ) , Francesc ( Catalan ) , François ( Old French Franceis , whence English Francis ) , Franz ( German , whence Hungarian Ferenc , Scandinavian and Dutch Frans ) ; besides Frans , the Latin form remains commonly given in Dutch .   Franciscus may serve as the latinization of any of these given names ; conversely , Francis may serve as the anglicization of anyone called Franciscus .   People called Franciscus include :

neg: Louis Marie Fontan Louis Marie Fontan ( November 4 , 1801 -- October 10 , 1839 ) , a French man of letters , was born in Lorient and died in Thiais .   He began his career as a clerk in a government office , but was dismissed for taking part in a political banquet . At the age of nineteen he went to Paris and began to contribute to the Tablettes and the Album . He was brought to trial for political articles written for the latter paper , but defended himself so energetically that he secured indefinite postponement of his trial .   The offending paper was suppressed for a time , and Fontan produced a collection of political poems , Odes et epîtres , and a number of plays , of which Perkins Warbec ( 1828 ) , written in collaboration with MM . Halévy and Drouineau , was the most successful . In 1828 the Album was revived , and in it Fontan published a virulent but witty attack on Charles X , entitled Le Mouton enrage ( June 10 , 1829 ) .   To escape the inevitable prosecution Fontan fled over the frontier , but , finding no safe asylum , he returned to Paris to give himself up to the authorities , and was sentenced to five years ' imprisonment and a heavy fine . He was liberated by the revolution of 1830 , and his Jeanne la folle , performed in the same year , gained a success due perhaps more to sympathy with the author 's political principles than to the merits of the piece itself , a somewhat crude and violent picture of Breton history .   A drama representing the trial of Marshal Ney , which he wrote in collaboration with Charles Dupeuty , Le Proces d'un maréchal de France ( printed 1831 ) , was suppressed on the night of its production . Fontan died in Thiais on 10 October 1839 .   A sympathetic portrait of Fontan as a prisoner , and an analysis of his principal works , are to be found in Jules Janin 's Histoire de la littérature dramatique , vol . i and also in Eugène Briffault 's biographical portrait `` Fontan '' in the collection Nouvelles parisiennes ( 1843 ) .   Category :19 th-century French dramatists and playwrights  Category :19 th-century male writers  Category : People from Lorient  Category :1801 births  Category :1839 deaths

neg: Feu (album) Feu ( -LSB- , French , Fire -RSB- ) is the debut studio album by French hip hop artist Nekfeu . It was released on June 8 , 2015 by Seine Zoo , Polydor Records and Universal Music Group in France . A re-release of the album , entitled Feu ( Réédition ) , was released on December 4 , 2015 .   Entering ( and peaking ) the French Albums Chart at number 3 in its first week , the album was certified gold in its third week with over 47,000 copies sold . In November 2015 , Nekfeu announced that the album was certified platinum .

neg: Jean-François Kahn Jean-François Kahn ( born 12 June 1938 ) is a French journalist and essayist .

neg: Nina Bouraoui Yasmina `` Nina '' Bouraoui ( Ar : نينا بو راوي , born 1967 ) is a French novelist and song-writer born in Rennes , Ille-et-Vilaine , of an Algerian father and a French mother . She spent the first fourteen years of her life in Algiers , then Zürich and Abu Dhabi . She now lives in Paris .   Her novels are mostly written in the first person and , with the exception of Avant les hommes ( Before the Men ) , have been said by the author to be works of `` auto-fiction '' . This is even the case for Le Bal des Murènes ( The ball of moray eels ) , which , like Avant les hommes , has a male narrator . Since writing her first novel in 1991 , Bouraoui has affirmed the influence of Marguerite Duras in her work , although the life narratives and works many other artists are also to be found in her novels ( and songs ) . This is particularly true of Mes Mauvaises Pensées ( My Bad Thoughts ) which bears the imprint of Hervé Guibert , Annie Ernaux , David Lynch , Eileen Gray , and Violette Leduc amongst others . Questions of identity , desire , memory , writing , childhood and celebrity culture are some of the major themes of her work .

neg: Furlana The furlana ( also spelled furlane , forlane , friulana , forlana ) is an Italian folk dance from the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia . In Friulian , furlane means Friulian , in this case Friulian Dance . In Friuli there has been a Slav minority since the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps , and the furlana may well have originated as a Slavonic dance . It dates at least to 1583 , when a `` ballo furlano '' called L'arboscello was published in Pierre Phalèse the Younger 's Chorearum molliorum collectanea and in Jakob Paix 's organ tablature book , though its chief popularity extended from the late 1690s to about 1750 . It is particularly associated with Venice because , at the time of its popularity , Friuli was a part of the Republic of Venice .   The furlana is a fast dance , in duple-time 6/8 , though one exceptional example proves to be in quintuple meter , underlining the Slavonic associations also suggested by its title , Polesana , which in Italian can mean `` a woman from Pola '' ( a city in Istria , neighbouring Friuli and a part of Italy until 1947 ) , or may be from the Croatian word `` polesa '' , meaning `` rural '' , or `` from the back woods '' . Originally the furlana was a courtship dance , performed by a couple . It was introduced to France by André Campra in 1697 ( in L'Europe galante ) and 1699 ( in Le carnaval de Venise , in which the first of two furlanas serves as a dance entry for a troupe of Slavs , Armenians , and Gypsies ) , and it quickly became a popular theatre and social dance there .   Pietro Paolo Melii ( active first quarter of the 17th century ) included a `` Furlain volta alla Francese detta la Schapigliata '' in his Intavolatura di Liuto attiorbato , e di Tiorba . Libro Quinto ( Venice , 1620 ) . The piece is written almost entirely in running eighths , and , as so many of Melii 's pieces , makes considerable use of syncopation . François Couperin closed the fourth of his Concerts royaux with a forlane . Johann Sebastian Bach incorporated a forlane in his first orchestral suite . Maurice Ravel recalled the baroque usage in his piano suite Le Tombeau de Couperin , though his Forlane is a rather plaintive piece in moderate time . Another forlane occurs at the end of Ernest Chausson 's piano suite Quelques Danses ( Some Dances ) -- this one far livelier and featuring an alternation between triple and sextuple rhythms . The fourth movement of Gerald Finzi 's Five Bagatelles ( Op. 23 ) is a forlana as is the fourth movement of Richard Harvey 's Concerto Antico for guitar and orchestra .

neg: Franco Migliacci Francesco `` Franco '' Migliacci ( born in Mantua , 1 May 1930 ) is a lyricist , producer , and actor .

neg: L'Amour monstre L'Amour monstre ( `` monstrous love '' ) is a 1954 novel by the French writer Louis Pauwels . It is set in the 16th century and tells the story of a possibly bewitched love affair between a doctor and a young woman sent to a monastery .   The novel was the runner-up for the 1955 Prix Goncourt . Ingmar Bergman was at one point attached to direct a film adaptation , but the project was not realised .   The book is mentioned in the lyrics of Serge Gainsbourg 's 1968 song `` Initials B.B. '' Gainsbourg had been recommended the book by Brigitte Bardot .

neg: Comte de Gabalis Comte de Gabalis is a 17th-century French text by Abbé Nicolas-Pierre-Henri de Montfaucon de Villars ( 1635-1673 ) . The titular `` Comte de Gabalis '' ( `` Count of Cabala '' ) is an occultist who explains the mysteries of the world to the author . It first appeared in Paris in 1670 , anonymously , though the identity of the author came to be known . The original title as published by Claude Barbin was Le comte de Gabalis , ou entretiens sur les sciences secrètes , `` The Count of Cabala , Or Dialogs on the Secret Sciences '' .   The book was widely read in France and abroad , and is a source for many of the `` marvelous beings '' that populate later European literature . French readers include Charles Baudelaire and Anatole France -- it was the main source for his At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque ( 1892 ) . In English literature , it influenced Alexander Pope , who borrowed from it to create the sylphs in The Rape of the Lock ( 1714 ) , and in German , it is a likely source for Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué 's Undine . In recent times it has been considered by some to have been intended as a satire of occult philosophy , though in its time it was taken seriously by many readers . Many later authors have also taken it to be a serious source , including Edward Bulwer-Lytton and prominent occult writers such as Eliphas Levi , Helena Blavatsky , and M.P Hall .

neg: History of Shit History of Shit ( Histoire de la merde : Prologue ) is a 1978 book by French psychoanalyst Dominique Laporte ( 1949 -- 1984 ) . It uses an idiosyncratic method of historical genealogy derived from , among others , Friedrich Nietzsche , Sigmund Freud , Georges Bataille , and Michel Foucault , to show how the development of sanitation techniques in Western Europe affected the formation of modern notions of individuality . Laporte examines this influence through the historical processes of urbanization , the apotheosis of nationalism , practices of capitalist exchange , and linguistic reform .   In the English translation of the book by Nadia Benabid and Rodolphe el-Khoury in 1993 , el-Khoury explains how for Laporte , `` the history of shit becomes the history of subjectivity '' and how his book becomes `` a prehistory to modernity and the modern subject '' ( viii ) . el-Khoury identifies Laporte 's scholarly strategy of joining the ridiculous and the profound as inherently political . Laporte 's stated ambition is to `` remove a few masks with the roar of our laughter , laugh them off the figures of power '' ( ix ) .   In a previous work with Renée Balibar , Le Français national : politique et pratiques de la langue nationale sous la Revolution Française , Laporte studied language reforms carried out in the name of the French Revolution .

neg: France in the Eurovision Song Contest France has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 60 times since its debut at the very first contest in 1956 . France is one of only seven countries to be present at the first contest , and has been absent from only two contests in its history , missing the 1974 and 1982 contests . France has won the contest five times , and along with Germany , Italy , Spain and the United Kingdom is one of the `` Big Five '' who are automatically allowed to participate in the final because they are the five biggest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union ( EBU ) .   France first won the contest in 1958 with `` Dors , mon amour '' performed by André Claveau . In the 1960s , they won three times , with `` Tom Pillibi '' performed by Jacqueline Boyer in 1960 , `` Un Premier Amour '' performed by Isabelle Aubret in 1962 and `` Un jour , un enfant '' performed by Frida Boccara , who won in 1969 in a four-way tie with the Netherlands , Spain and the United Kingdom . France 's fifth victory came in 1977 , when Marie Myriam won with the song `` L'oiseau et l'enfant '' . France have also finished second four times , with Paule Desjardins in 1957 , Catherine Ferry in 1976 , Joëlle Ursull in 1990 and Amina in 1991 , who lost out to Sweden 's Carola in a tie-break .   After reaching the top five in 24 contests in the 20th century , France has had less success in the 21st century , only making the top five twice , with Natasha St-Pier fourth in and Sandrine François fifth in . France finished last for the first time in , when Twin Twin received only two points . France have failed to reach the top 10 in 13 of the last 15 contests , the exceptions being Patricia Kaas , who was eighth in , and Amir , who was sixth in .

neg: Mauritian literature The island of Mauritius is home to many languages , and Mauritian literature exists in French , English , Creole and Indian languages . Major themes in Mauritian literature include exoticism , multiracialism and miscegenation , racial and social conflicts , indianocéanisme , and -- more recently -- post-modernism and post-structuralism currents , such as coolitude .   After independence in 1968 writers like Dev Virahsawmy reactivated creole language , then considered as a `` patois , '' and wrote literature , especially drama . The new generation of writers has expressed persistent concern with structure and more global themes .   While Kreol Morisyen is the most spoken language on in Mauritius , most of the literature is written in French , although many authors write in English , Bhojpuri , and Morisyen . Mauritius 's renowned playwright Dev Virahsawmy writes exclusively in Morisyen .   Important authors include Malcolm de Chazal , Ananda Devi , Raymond Chasle , and Edouard Maunick . Lindsey Collen has been able to carve out a meeting of imaginaries in the unique social setup of this multi-faceted country . Other younger writers like Shenaz Patel , Natacha Appanah , Sabah Carrim , Alain Gordon-Gentil and Carl de Souza explore the issues of ethnicity , superstition and politics in the novel . Poet and critic Khal Torabully has put forward the concept of `` coolitude , '' a poetics that results from the blend of Indian and Mauritian cultural diversity . Other poets include Hassam Wachill , Edouard Maunick , Sedley Assone , Yusuf Kadel and Umar Timol .   J. M. G. Le Clézio , who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2008 , is of Mauritian heritage and holds dual French-Mauritian citizenship .   The island plays host to the Le Prince Maurice Prize , a literary award celebrating and recognizing ` writers of the heart ' . The award is designed to highlight the literary love story in all its forms rather than for pure Romantic Fiction . In keeping with the island 's literary culture the prize alternates on a yearly basis between English-speaking and French-speaking writers .

neg: Thiais Thiais is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 10.3 km from the center of Paris .   The name Thiais comes from Medieval Latin Theodasium or Theodaxium , meaning `` estate of Theodasius '' , a Gallo-Roman landowner .   The Austrian writer Joseph Roth , exiled due to his opposition to the Nazi regime , lived at Thiais at the end of the 1930s and is buried at the local cemetery . The tomb of Russian writer Yevgeny Zamyatin is also there . Expatriate American journalist and novelist William Gardner Smith died there in 1974 .


query: Dustin Hoffman works in books.

pos: Dustin Hoffman Dustin Lee Hoffman ( born August 8 , 1937 ) is an American actor and a director , with a career in film , television , and theatre since 1960 . Hoffman has been known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer , and in 1989 for Rain Man .   Widely considered one of the finest actors in history , Hoffman first drew critical praise for starring in the play , Eh ? , for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award . This achievement was soon followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock , the title character in The Graduate . Since that time , Hoffman 's career has largely been focused on the cinema , with sporadic returns to television and to the stage . Hoffman 's notable films include : Midnight Cowboy , Little Big Man , Straw Dogs , Papillon , Lenny , Marathon Man , All the President 's Men , Kramer vs. Kramer , Tootsie , Rain Man , Hook , and Wag the Dog . He made his directorial debut in 2012 , with Quartet .   Along with 2 Academy Award wins , Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards , and he was nominated for 13 Golden Globes , winning 6 ( including an honorary award ) . He has won 4 BAFTAs , 3 Drama Desk Awards , 2 Emmy Awards , and a Genie Award . Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999 , and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012 .

neg: Alice M. Hoffman Alice M. Hoffman is an American labor and oral historian .

neg: Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama .   There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes .   The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director .   Category : Occupations in music

neg: Joel Manuel Hoffman Dr. Joel Manuel Hoffman ( also known under the pen name of J.M. Hoffman ) is an American scholar , writer , speaker , and novelist known for his criticism of the Christian fundamentalism 's style of Biblical interpretation . He has served as a translator for the ten volume series of My People 's Prayer Book .

neg: American Dervish American Dervish is a 2012 novel by Ayad Akhtar . The novel tells the story of a young Pakistani-American boy growing up in the American Midwest and his struggle with his identity and religion . The novel has been published in English , Italian ( La donna che mi insegnò il respiro ) , Norwegian ( Begynnelsen på et farvel ) , Dutch ( De hemelverdiener ) , Danish ( Tavshedens smerte ) and Spanish ( El aroma secreto del limón y las especias ) . The book will be released in 17 more languages by the end of 2012 .

neg: Dustin (name) Dustin is a surname and mainly masculine given name .

neg: Michael A. Hoffman Michael Allen Hoffman ( October 14 , 1944 -- April 23 , 1990 ) was an American archaeologist , Egyptologist , and author .

neg: Dust (1985 film) Dust is a 1985 film directed by Marion Hänsel based on the J. M. Coetzee novel In the Heart of the Country . The film was shot in Spain and is a French-Belgian production . The film was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . It won the Silver Lion prize , awarded to the best first or second major work by a director , at the 1985 Venice Film Festival . The jury recognised Jane Birkin 's performance as amongst the best of the year , but decided not to award a best actress prize because all of the actresses they judged to have made the best performances were in films that won major awards .

neg: We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket .   The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows :   We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens .  The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .

neg: Remaindered book Remaindered books or remainders are printed books that are no longer selling well and whose remaining unsold copies are liquidated by the publisher at greatly reduced prices . While the publisher may take a net loss on the sales of these books , they are able to recover at least some of their sunken costs on the sale and clear out space in the warehouses .   Copies of remaindered books may be marked by the publisher , distributor , or bookseller to prevent them from being returned . `` Remainder marks '' have varied over the years , but today most remainders are marked with a stroke with a felt-tipped marker across the top or bottom of the book 's pages , near the spine .   Only hardcovers and trade paperbacks ( paperback books , often larger than `` pocket '' paperbacks , sold `` to the trade '' or directly to sales outlets ) are typically remaindered . Mass market paperbacks ( `` pocket '' paperback books sold through a third-party distributor ) usually become stripped books rather than remaindered books . A book that might retail for $ 20 will typically be purchased by someone specializing in remainders for $ 1 and resold for approximately $ 5 .

neg: BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s .   BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list .   Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .

neg: Access Books Access Books is a nonprofit volunteer organization that gives books to disadvantaged children 's libraries in Southern California . These are primarily public and charter school libraries in the inner city , where over 90 % of the population lives in poverty and books are generally scarce . As one study showed , children in Beverly Hills have ready access to as many as 400 times more books than children living in the Compton and Watts areas of South Los Angeles . Underfunded libraries also tend to be in worse physical condition and less user-friendly than their affluent counterparts .   Rebecca Constantino founded Access Books in 1999 while doing graduate research on the roles of school and community libraries in Los Angeles . Working with a school in Brentwood , she discovered a plan to throw away hundreds of books to make way for new ones . She salvaged the rejected books and donated them to a public school in Compton . The library at this elementary school had been closed for so long that `` the door was locked and no one knew where the keys had gone . '' This was the start of Access Books . As Constantino said , `` If you take away poverty as a predictor , the state of the school library is the best indicator of literacy , reading achievement , success in school . I ca n't possibly take away poverty ... . But I can do something about the libraries in our children 's schools . ''   So far , Access Books has given more than 1.3 million new and used books to over 200 libraries and community centers in Southern California . Primarily intended to encourage reading for pleasure , these books include popular fiction , early picture and chapter books , biographies , classics , and young adult novels . The emphasis on pleasure reading is intended to encourage children to become motivated readers ; to help provide them with a foundation for all reading , including academic reading .   Access Books acquires new books via donations from publishers and distributors or buying them at a discount with grants from charities , businesses , or wealthy individuals . Recipient libraries may request specific titles that are of particular interest to their communities . Used books mostly come from individual donations and book drives by ad hoc groups or local organizations such as middle-class suburban and private schools . Access Books encourages partnerships between schools that have resources and those needing them , as with a book drive led by two students at Oaks Christian School , a private school in Westlake Village . This drive yielded over 11,000 books for new charter schools in North Hollywood and downtown L.A.   Access Books delivers and helps process the thousands of books that go to each library . At Saturday library events scheduled during the school year , volunteers from Access Books and the donating and receiving schools together sort , label , and shelve the books . This reduces overhead and speeds up the availability of the books for use . To further improve the libraries , volunteers also paint colorful literacy-themed murals and install items such as comfortable furniture and rugs for reading . The Saturday events expedite this work and facilitate contact between diverse communities .   Access Books fundraisers and community outreach events have included book signings with authors Jamie Lee Curtis , Cornelia Funke , and Jeff Kinney as well as conferences for young writers and illustrators . The conferences , held at venues such as the Milken Community High School and UCLA , have included keynote speakers and workshops led by professional writers .

neg: Books of the Art Books of the Art or The Art Trilogy is an incomplete trilogy of novels by Clive Barker , of which only the first two have been published . The first book , The Great and Secret Show , was first published in 1989 and was followed by the second book , Everville , in 1994 . The third book has yet to be written and there is currently no schedule for its release . Of plans for the third book , Barker has stated that the book will be `` a big book when it comes '' and that he wants to write it with `` as much feeling as possible . ''   The trilogy has been cited as an example of Barker 's use of magic as a motif to `` comment upon the work of the creator of art '' and Barker himself has used the term to describe transformative magic that is used as `` windows through which to glimpse the miraculous '' . The series thus far has been compared to J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings .

neg: Dustin Lee Abraham Dustin Lee Abraham is an American actor , producer and screenwriter . He penned the 2001 cult movie How High for Method Man and Redman . As of 2009 , he produces and writes for CSI : Crime Scene Investigation . On December 6 , 2007 , film director William Friedkin directed an episode of CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , Cockroaches , written and produced by Abraham .

neg: On Directing Film On Directing Film is a non-fiction book by American playwright and filmmaker David Mamet ( ISBN 0-670-83033-X ) published in 1991 .

neg: The Early Four Track Recordings The Early Four Track Recordings '' is a compilation album by indie rock band Of Montreal . It contains early recordings from the band , with the song titles telling a fictional story about actor Dustin Hoffman . Though the titles feature Dustin Hoffman , the album name and content have nothing to do with him , and the titles were chosen only for humor .

neg: To America with Love To America with Love : Letters from the Underground is a 1976 book by Anita and Abbie Hoffman . It was part of the basis for the film Steal This Movie ! in 2000 .

neg: Papillon (film) Papillon is a 1973 American crime drama prison film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner , based on the best-selling autobiography by the French convict Henri Charrière .   The film stars Steve McQueen as Henri Charrière ( `` Papillon '' ) , and Dustin Hoffman as Louis Dega . Because it was filmed at remote locations , the film was quite expensive for the time ( $ 12 million ) , but it readily earned more than twice that in the first year of public distribution . The film 's title is French for `` Butterfly , '' referring to Charrière 's tattoo and nickname .

neg: Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .

neg: Hill & Wang Hill & Wang is an American book publishing company focused on American history , world history , and politics . It is a division of Farrar , Straus and Giroux .   Hill & Wang was founded as an independent publishing house in 1956 by Arthur Wang ( 1917/18 -- 2005 ) and Lawrence Hill , who were both working at A. A. Wyn . They bought backlist books from Wyn and started Dramabooks , publishing plays in trade paperback , then a new format . The series included Jean Cocteau , Arthur L. Kopit and Lanford Wilson . In 1959 , Arthur Wang acquired Elie Wiesel 's Holocaust memoir , Night , which had been turned down by several English-language publishers , publishing it in 1960 . They continued to build the Hill & Wang list to include such authors as Roland Barthes , Langston Hughes , and American historians Stanley Kutler and William Cronon .   In 1971 , the two sold Hill & Wang to Farrar , Straus and Giroux , and the imprint continues to be recognized for its high quality nonfiction . More recently , it has published authors such as Cass Sunstein , Philip Gura , John Allen Paulos , Melvyn Leffler , Thomas Bender , William Poundstone , Woody Holton , and Eric Rauchway .   The imprint also launched a graphic line , `` Novel Graphics , '' when it published a graphic adaptation of the 9/11 Commission Report by Sid Jacobson and Ernie Colón . It has since published several graphic biographies and works of graphic journalism , and a graphic adaptation of the United States Constitution .

neg: Dustbin Baby Dustbin Baby is a children 's novel by Jacqueline Wilson . It focuses on April , a fourteen-year-old girl who was abandoned by her mother in a dustbin when she was only a few minutes old . After a blazing row with her foster mother , she goes in search of her past . The book was adapted into a television film in 2008 by the BBC .