query: Asset management may apply to intangible assets such as goodwill.

pos: Asset management Asset management , broadly defined , refers to any system that monitors and maintains things of value to an entity or group . It may apply to both tangible assets ( such as buildings ) and to intangible assets such as human capital , intellectual property , goodwill and/or financial assets ) . Asset management is a systematic process of deploying , operating , maintaining , upgrading , and disposing of assets cost-effectively .   The term is most commonly used in the financial sector to describe people and companies that manage investments on behalf of others . These include , for example , investment managers that manage the assets of a pension fund .   Alternative views of asset management in the engineering environment are : the practice of managing assets to achieve the greatest return ( particularly useful for productive assets such as plant and equipment ) , and the process of monitoring and maintaining facilities systems , with the objective of providing the best possible service to users in all dimensions ( appropriate for public infrastructure assets ) .

neg: Digital Collections Selection Criteria Digital Collections Selection Criteria are applied by organisations ( typically libraries ) creating a digital library which of their existing holdings and forthcoming acquisitions to digitize for inclusion .   A strategy with defined selection priorities for digitization is critical , and should consider both preservation and access . factors to consider are :  the value of materials ;  the condition of materials ;  use of materials ; and  material characteristics ensuring a high level of success .   For the Library of Congress , items of national interest were prime candidates both to improve access and reduce wear and tear on the physical copies .   In the early discussions about digitization of library materials the selection decisions were often proposed based on a desire for better access to that item 's content , and not on the condition or value of the original item . In 2001 , Paula De Stefano wrote that a use-based group of criteria was promising , as it is `` fundamental to collection development and is the common thread in all selection decisions '' . In practice , however , her study showed that most digital projects focused on special collections , which are generally not the most popular items in the overall collection .   The persistent risk of disappearing `` last copies '' . and the declines seen in the condition of national treasures , as exemplified by the 2005 Heritage Health Index Report on the State of America 's Collections provide the rationale for establishing priorities and balancing access with preservation needs . The transient nature of electronic information can contribute to a phenomenon called `` memory loss . '' This is a result of data extinctions as technologies become obsolete . There is also a drift away from original bibliographic contexts as time passes .   A 1998 Council on Library and Information Sources white paper identified the following comprehensive considerations for selection :  assessment of the intellectual and physical nature of the source materials ;  the number and location of current and potential users ;  the current and potential nature of use ;  the format and nature of the proposed digital product and how it will be described , delivered , and archived ;  how the proposed product relates to other digitization efforts ; and  projections of costs in relation to benefits .

neg: Impaired asset According to U.S. accounting rules ( US GAAP ) , the value of an asset is impaired when the sum of estimated future cash flow from that asset is less than the book value of the asset . At this point an impairment loss should be recognized , which is done by taking the difference between the fair market value and the book value and recording this amount as the loss . This basically records the asset as if it were being acquired brand new at its fair market value , recording this as its new book value . This is a common occurrence for goodwill where a company will purchase another company for more than the value of the net assets of the target company . Under US GAAP , goodwill is tested annually for impairment .

neg: Tax expense A company 's tax expense , or tax charge , is the income before tax multiplied by the appropriate tax rate . Generally , companies report income before tax to their shareholder under generally accepted accounting principles ( GAAP ) . However , companies report income before tax to their government under tax law .   As a result , the computation of the tax expense is considerably more complex . Tax law may provide for different treatment ( from GAAP ) of items of income and expenses as a result of tax policy . The differences may be of permanent or temporary nature . Permanent items are in the form of non taxable income and non taxable expenses . Things such as expenses considered not deductible by taxing authorities ( `` add backs '' ) , the range of tax rates applicable to various levels of income , different tax rates in different jurisdictions , multiple layers of tax on income , and other issues .   For example , a government trying to promote savings may exempt interest income from tax or provide a lower rate for long term investments - such as capital gains . Conversely , a government trying to balance its foreign trade may disallow the deduction of international travel expenses or purchases made abroad .   An example of temporary items may be depreciation expense ; sometimes governments provide for `` accelerated '' depreciation of particular items of interest to tax policy . Another common temporary difference refers to bad dedt write-off where the governments may generally have a stricter standard requiring the filing of claims in court .   Historically , in many places , a revenue-expense method was used , in which the income statement was seen as primary , and the balance sheet as secondary . Under International Financial Reporting Standards , as well as many other accounting principles , tax expense is the result of computing current and deferred tax payable using the asset-liability method in which the balance sheet is seen as primary and the income statement as secondary . The approach in United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles was codified in SFAS 96 published in December 1987 , and updated in February 1992 with SFAS 109 , accounting for income taxes from a balance-sheet approach . See List of FASB Pronouncements .   Current tax payable is computed by multiplying the taxable income number , as reported to the tax authorities , by the appropriate tax rate . As with tax expense , the computation is made more complex by the range of tax rates that are applicable to various levels of income and the various deductions and adjustments that the tax authorities allow .   In the United States , the U.K. and elsewhere , companies are permitted to report one pre-tax income number ( also called income before tax , profit before tax or earnings before income tax ) to shareholders , and another , called taxable income , to the tax authorities . Differences between taxable income and the pre-tax income or profit number reported for financial statements are either temporary or permanent in nature . Permanent differences result when deductibility rules differ in perpetuity between accounting and tax law . Temporary differences result when the recognition of deductions for tax and accounting standards differ in their timing . The result is a gap between tax expense computed using income before tax and current tax payable computed using taxable income . This gap is known as deferred tax . If the tax expense exceeds the current tax payable then there is a deferred tax payable ; if the current tax payable exceeds the tax expense then there is a deferred tax receivable .   In the long run , income before tax and taxable income will likely be more similar than they are in any given period . If the one is less in earlier years , then it will be greater in later years . Deferred taxes will reverse themselves in the long run and in total will zero out , unless there is something like a change in tax rates in the intervening period . A deferred tax payable results from a tax break in the early years and will reverse itself in later years ; a deferred tax receivable results from more taxes being paid in early years than the tax expense reported to shareholders and will again reverse itself in later years . The deferred tax amount is computed by estimating the amount and the timing of the reversal and multiplying that by the appropriate tax rates .   For each of current tax and deferred tax , there may be elements which relate to the current accounting period ( current year current tax and current year deferred tax ) , as well as items which relate to earlier accounting periods ( strictly adjustments in respect of prior years , but often simply referred to as prior year current tax and prior year deferred tax ) .   Typically , adjustments in respect of prior years arise because the tax calculations made for the statutory accounts ( which need only be materially correct , and are prepared in a tight time frame to meet the accounts filing deadline ) differ from those done for the filing of the tax return ( typically done later in the year , with much greater thoroughness ) . This difference is therefore included in the tax expense line in the following year 's accounts . Other reasons for prior year elements to the tax expense may be where a past income tax return was re-submitted with a different tax result ( either because the taxpayer elected to , or because they were forced to by a tax authority who disagreed with the original filing ) . In any case , having adjustments in respect of prior years is a standard part of the tax expense item , and should not be considered a misstatement in the original accounts -- the tax expense item is not being restated .   In a set of statutory accounts , there will usually be a note to the accounts which provides a breakdown of the elements of the tax expense i.e. current tax ( current year and prior year ) , deferred tax ( current year and prior year ) . The exact disclosure requirement and format will depend on the relevant accounting standards under which the accounts were prepared ( e.g. IFRS , US GAAP , UK GAAP ) . It may also be required to show foreign tax charges separately , so that the current tax items only relate to tax in the home country ( this is the case under UK GAAP , for example ) . Foreign tax may also have current and prior year elements , and foreign tax may arise on the same underlying profits as domestic tax ( where there is double taxation ) .   All these factors mean that is not adequate to calculate the tax expense by simply taking the accounting profit multiplied by the tax rate .

neg: Asset poverty Asset poverty is an economic and social condition that is more persistent and prevalent than income poverty . It can be defined as a household 's inability to access wealth resources that are sufficient to provide for basic needs for a period of three months . Basic needs refer to the minimum standards for consumption and acceptable needs . Wealth resources consist of home ownership , other real estate ( second home , rented properties , etc. ) , net value of farm and business assets , stocks , checking and savings accounts , and other savings ( money in savings bonds , life insurance policy cash values , etc. ) . Wealth is measured in three forms : net worth , net worth minus home equity , and liquid assets . Net worth consists of all the aspects mentioned above . Net worth minus home equity is the same except it does not include home ownership in asset calculations . Liquid assets are resources that are readily available such as cash , checking and savings accounts , stocks , and other sources of savings . There are two types of assets : tangible and intangible . Tangible assets most closely resemble liquid assets in that they include stocks , bonds , property , natural resources , and hard assets not in the form of real estate . Intangible assets are simply the access to credit , social capital , cultural capital , political capital , and human capital .   There are trends in the development of asset poverty over time and several factors that cause certain groups to fall into asset poverty more easily than others . Changes in these factors and structures have occurred over the years , but asset poverty is continually higher than other forms of poverty such as income poverty . The reason for this difference is that asset poverty accounts for a household 's total wealth , and not just the current income level . It provides a more accurate description of a household 's true financial state . Wealth leads to increased economic security and assets create a form of security during hardship . One can use assets to pay for further education , better housing , or to maintain a certain standard of living after retirement . Households lacking sufficient assets are forced to live from paycheck to paycheck and face economic hardship when changes in income occur . Those who lack adequate assets are unable to seek a better lifestyle and improve their quality of life because they lack the financial resources to do so .   By any measure , poverty in the United States is increasing . In 2010 , the country saw the poverty rate for individuals rise to 15.1 percent , the highest level in nearly two decades . More than 46 million people now live below the federal poverty line of $ 22,350 for a family of four . However , the official poverty rate released annually by the Census Bureau highlights just one aspect of household finances , namely the percentage of people with insufficient income to cover their day-to-day expenses . It does not count the number of families who have insufficient resources -- money in the bank or assets such as a home or a car -- to meet emergencies or longer-term needs . When these longer-term needs are factored in , substantially more people in the United States today are facing a future of limited hope for long-term financial security .   According to the CFED 2013 Assets & Opportunity Scorecard , 44 percent of households -- nearly half of Americans -- are living in liquid asset poverty . These families do not have the savings or other assets to cover basic expenses ( equivalent to what could be purchased with a poverty level income ) for three months if a layoff or other emergency leads to loss of income .   The term asset poverty is also used in a low-income / poor countries context , where the poverty line may be taken at the international standard of $ 1.25 per day ( or sometimes $ 2 per day ) . Poor rural families in particular do not receive , say , $ 1 each day ; but rather this is a daily average ( or corresponds to a yearly average of $ 365 ) . The asset poor might by chance have income above the poverty line for a time like a month , but their level of assets predict they will be poor in an average month .

neg: Trust (emotion) In a social context , trust has several connotations . Definitions of trust typically refer to a situation characterized by the following aspects : One party ( trustor ) is willing to rely on the actions of another party ( trustee ) ; the situation is directed to the future . In addition , the trustor ( voluntarily or forcedly ) abandons control over the actions performed by the trustee . As a consequence , the trustor is uncertain about the outcome of the other 's actions ; they can only develop and evaluate expectations . The uncertainty involves the risk of failure or harm to the trustor if the trustee will not behave as desired . Vladimir Ilych Lenin expressed this idea with the sentence `` Trust is good , control is better '' .   Trust can be attributed to relationships between people . It can be demonstrated that humans have a natural disposition to trust and to judge trustworthiness that can be traced to the neurobiological structure and activity of a human brain . Some studies indicate that trust can be altered e.g. by the application of oxytocin .   Conceptually , trust is also attributable to relationships within and between social groups ( history , families , friends , communities , organisations , companies , nations , etc. ) . It is a popular approach to frame the dynamics of inter-group and intra-group interactions in terms of trust .  The trust formations of people towards different actors in society has been shaped into a generic model of trust with three levels of application , i.e. Macro , Micro , and Meso .   When it comes to the relationship between people and technology , the attribution of trust is a matter of dispute . The intentional stance demonstrates that trust can be validly attributed to human relationships with complex technologies . However , rational reflection leads to the rejection of an ability to trust technological artefacts .   One of the key current challenges in the social sciences is to re-think how the rapid progress of technology has impacted constructs such as trust . This is specifically true for information technology that dramatically alters causation in social systems .   In the social sciences , the subtleties of trust are a subject of ongoing research . In sociology and psychology the degree to which one party trusts another is a measure of belief in the honesty , fairness , or benevolence of another party . The term `` confidence '' is more appropriate for a belief in the competence of the other party . Based on the most recent research , a failure in trust may be forgiven more easily if it is interpreted as a failure of competence rather than a lack of benevolence or honesty . In economics , trust is often conceptualized as reliability in transactions . In all cases trust is a heuristic decision rule , allowing the human to deal with complexities that would require unrealistic effort in rational reasoning .

neg: Unfair preference An unfair preference ( or `` voidable preference '' ) is a legal term arising in bankruptcy law where a person or company transfers assets or pays a debt to a creditor shortly before going into bankruptcy , that payment or transfer can be set aside on the application of the liquidator or trustee in bankruptcy as an unfair preference or simply a preference .   The law on unfair preferences varies from country to country , but characteristically , to set a transaction or payment aside as an unfair preference , the liquidator will need to show that :  the person or company was insolvent at the time the payment was made ( either on the cash-flow test , or on the balance sheet test - it varies from country to country )  the person or company then went into bankruptcy within a specified time thereafter , usually referred to as the vulnerability period  the payment had the effect of putting the creditor in a better position than other unsecured creditors  in some jurisdictions , it is also necessary to show that the bankrupt intended to grant a preference .   In most countries an application to have a transaction set aside as a preference can only be made by the liquidator or trustee in bankruptcy ( as the person making the payment must be in bankruptcy , and thus they are not normally liable to suits from other creditors ) .   The effect of a successful application to have a transaction declared as an unfair preference varies . Inevitably the creditor which received the payment or assets has to return it to the liquidator . In some countries the assets are treated in the normal way , and may be taken by any secured creditors who have a security interest which catches the assets ( characteristically , a floating charge ) . However , some countries have `` ring-fenced '' recoveries of unfair preferences so that they are made available to the pool of assets for unsecured creditors .   An unfair preference has some of the same characteristics as a fraudulent conveyance , but legally they are separate concepts . There is not normally any requirement to prove an intention to defraud to recover assets under an unfair preference application . However , similar to fraudulent conveyance applications , unfair preferences are often seen in connection with asset protection schemes that are entered into too late by the putative bankrupt .   Many jurisdictions provide for an exception in the case of transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business with a view to keeping the company trading , and such transactions are usually either validated or presumed to be validated .

neg: Investment trust An investment trust is a form of collective investment found mostly in the United Kingdom . Investment trusts are closed-end funds and are constituted as public limited companies . In many respects , the investment trust was the progenitor of the investment company in the U.S.   The name is somewhat misleading , given that ( according to law ) an investment `` trust '' is not in fact a `` trust '' in the legal sense at all , but a separate legal person or a company . This matters for the fiduciary duties owed by the trustees and the equitable ownership of the fund 's assets .

neg: Oriental management Oriental management , doing research on both the latest and historical theories and practices of management both inside and outside China and operation rules of management , is one of the modern management schools . Oriental management , based on the unique traditional culture of eastern countries , especially China , has integrated the essence of management thoughts from both the east and the west , after decades of study . The theoretical foundations of oriental management are Chinese Management , Western Management and Overseas Chinese Management.The concept of `` human orientedness '' , `` human morality '' and `` human behavior '' , which is the essence and core value of oriental management , was created by Prof. Su Dongshui , who is the founder of oriental management school , in the early 1990s . The research scope of oriental management is not confined to business , but extending to almost all fields of management , including individual governance , management analysis , family governance , business governance and state governance . By exercising and implementing the `` Fifteen philosophical elements '' , including rules of governing a state , flexibility against changes , human orientedness , application of power , pragmaticism , regarding harmony as priority , attaching importance on using tools , state governance by law , embarking on a business with credit and good faith , being well planned , stratagem in decision making , subtle using of tactics , being highly efficient and uncorrupted , being industrious in making a fortune , and entelechy with reason , the highest purpose or ultimate value of oriental management is harmonious society in which everybody fulfills his comprehensive and free development .

neg: Management information system Management information system ( MIS ) refers to the processing of information through computers to manage and support managerial decisions within an organization . The concept may include systems termed transaction processing system , decision support system , expert system , or executive information system . The term is often used in the academic study of businesses and has connections with other areas , such as information systems , information technology , informatics , e-commerce and computer science ; as a result , the term is used interchangeably with some of these areas .   Management information systems ( plural ) as an academic discipline studies people , technology , organizations , and the relationships among them . This definition relates specifically to `` MIS '' as a course of study in business schools . Many business schools ( or colleges of business administration within universities ) have an MIS department , alongside departments of accounting , finance , management , marketing , and may award degrees ( at undergraduate , master , and doctoral levels ) in Management Information Systems .   MIS professionals help organizations to maximize the benefit from investments in personnel , equipment , and business processes .

neg: Resource-based view The resource-based view ( RBV ) as a basis for the competitive advantage of a firm lies primarily in the application of a bundle of valuable tangible or intangible resources at the firm 's disposal ( Wernerfelt , 1984 , p172 ; Rumelt , 1984 , p557-558 ; Penrose , 1959 ) . To transform a short-run competitive advantage into a sustained competitive advantage requires that these resources are heterogeneous in nature and not perfectly mobile ( Peteraf , 1993 , p180 ) . Effectively , this translates into valuable resources that are neither perfectly imitable nor substitutable without great effort ( Barney , 1991 ) .   In addition , through a consistent and sophisticated bundling of activities , their mutual reinforcement can help to further differentiate individual capabilities . The VRIO and VRIN ( see below ) model also constitutes a part of RBV .

neg: Business valuation Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner 's interest in a business . Valuation is used by financial market participants  to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to affect a sale of a business . In addition to estimating the selling price of a business , the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation , divorce litigation , allocate business purchase price among business assets , establish a formula for estimating the value of partners ' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements , and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock , divorce litigation and estate contest . In some cases , the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation .

neg: Mergers and acquisitions Mergers and acquisitions ( M&A ) are transactions in which the ownership of companies , other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined . As an aspect of strategic management , M&A can allow enterprises to grow , shrink , and change the nature of their business or competitive position .   From a legal point of view , a merger is a legal consolidation of two entities into one entity , whereas an acquisition occurs when one entity takes ownership of another entity 's stock , equity interests or assets . From a commercial and economic point of view , both types of transactions generally result in the consolidation of assets and liabilities under one entity , and the distinction between a `` merger '' and an `` acquisition '' is less clear . A transaction legally structured as an acquisition may have the effect of placing one party 's business under the indirect ownership of the other party 's shareholders , while a transaction legally structured as a merger may give each party 's shareholders partial ownership and control of the combined enterprise . A deal may be euphemistically called a `` merger of equals '' if both CEOs agree that joining together is in the best interest of both of their companies , while when the deal is unfriendly ( that is , when the management of the target company opposes the deal ) it may be regarded as an `` acquisition '' .

neg: Archival appraisal In the archival sense , appraisal is a process usually conducted by a member of the record-holding institution ( often a professional archivist ) in which a body of records are examined to determine their value . Some considerations when conducting appraisal include how to meet the record-granting body 's organizational needs , how to uphold requirements of organizational accountability ( be they legal , institutional , or determined by archival ethics ) , and how to meet the expectations of the record-using community .   Appraisal is considered a core archival function ( alongside acquisition , arrangement and description , preservation , reference , and public programming ) although the task of records appraisal is somewhat slippery and can occur within the process of acquiring records , during arrangement and description , and for the sake of preservation ; further , public programming projects often prompt the reappraisal process .  The official definition from the Society of American Archivists is as follows :   `` In an archival context , appraisal is the process of determining whether records and other materials have permanent ( archival ) value . Appraisal may be done at the collection , creator , series , file , or item level . Appraisal can take place prior to donation and prior to physical transfer , at or after accessioning . The basis of appraisal decisions may include a number of factors , including the records ' provenance and content , their authenticity and reliability , their order and completeness , their condition and costs to preserve them , and their intrinsic value . Appraisal often takes place within a larger institutional collecting policy and mission statement . ''

neg: Current asset In accounting , a current asset is any asset which can reasonably be expected to be sold , consumed , or exhausted through the normal operations of a business within the current fiscal year or operating cycle ( whichever period is longer ) . Typical current assets include cash , cash equivalents , short-term investments ( marketable securities ) , accounts receivable , stock inventory , supplies , and the portion of prepaid liabilities , sometimes referred to as prepaid expenses , which will be paid within a year .   On a balance sheet , assets will typically be classified into current assets and long-term assets .   The current ratio is calculated by dividing total current assets by total current liabilities . It is frequently used as an indicator of a company 's liquidity , its ability to meet short-term obligations .   The quick ratio , or acid-test , measures the ability of a company to use its near cash or quick assets to extinguish or retire its current liabilities immediately . Quick assets are those that can be quickly turned into cash if necessary .

neg: Asset health management Asset health management or ( AHM ) is the field of study which looks at how to manage the `` health '' of an asset or assets . This often includes methods to establish asset health and effort to decide the appropriate actions to be taken to manage the assets ' health . This also includes the discussion of health at end of life to ensure the asset 's full life is used efficiently .   Asset health management includes many different methods which can sometime overlap in their intended scope and methods . Asset health management has become a difficult field to discuss due to the use of the same acronym to describe multiple different approaches and the use of the same approach with different names .   Asset health management can be considered a subset of Asset management

neg: Financial risk management Financial risk management is the practice of economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk : Operational risk , credit risk and market risk , Foreign exchange risk , Shape risk , Volatility risk , Liquidity risk , Inflation risk , Business risk , Legal risk , Reputational risk , Sector risk etc. . Similar to general risk management , financial risk management requires identifying its sources , measuring it , and plans to address them .   Financial risk management can be qualitative and quantitative . As a specialization of risk management , financial risk management focuses on when and how to hedge using financial instruments to manage costly exposures to risk .   In the banking sector worldwide , the Basel Accords are generally adopted by internationally active banks for tracking , reporting and exposing operational , credit and market risks .

neg: Functional Strategy Functional strategy - organizational plans prepared for various functional areas of a company 's organizational structure ( e.g. , marketing strategy , financial strategy , production strategy etc. ) . Functional strategies can be part of overall corporate strategy or serve as separate plans of strategy cascading/implementation within a functional area .   Some common functional strategies are :  Production strategy ( `` make or buy '' ) - defines what the company produces itself , and that purchases from suppliers or partners , that is , how far worked out the production chain .  Financial Strategy - to select the main source of funding : the development of their own funds ( depreciation , profit , the issue of shares , etc. ) or through debt financing ( bank loans , bonds , commodity suppliers ' credits , etc. ) .  Organizational strategy - decision on the organization of the staff ( choose the type of organizational structure , compensation system , etc. ) .  others , such as : research and development ( R & D ) strategy , investment strategy , etc. .   In addition , each of the functional strategies can be divided into components . For example , organizational strategy can be divided into three components :   strategy of building organizations - to select the type of structure ( divisional , functional , project , etc. ) ;  strategy to work with the staff - a way of training ( mainly administrative staff ) , training of staff ( in a business or educational institutions ) , career planning , etc. ;  strategy of remuneration ( wages , rewards and penalties ) - in particular , the approach to the compensation of senior managers ( salary , bonuses , profit sharing , etc. ) .   Responsible for implementation of the strategy at the functional level are senior specialists ( Ch . Engineer , Director of Finance ) . At the enterprise level - CEO , general director or director of the department , at the level of groups of companies - a collegiate body ( board of directors ) .

neg: Fixed asset register A fixed asset register ( FAR ) is essentially nothing more than a list of fixed assets that belong to an accounting entity .  Traditionally the fixed asset register was maintained in a written format by a bookkeeper using a book that was set aside specifically for that purpose . Nowadays it is more often held in electronic format in an accounting system .   The main purpose of a fixed asset register is to keep track of the book value of the assets and allow depreciation to be calculated and recorded for both management and taxation purposes .  A secondary purpose is to allow for the easy identification of an asset by assigning each asset a unique ID which may be printed on labels in the form of a barcode .

neg: Design management Design management is a business discipline that uses project management , design , strategy , and supply chain techniques to control a creative process , support a culture of creativity , and build a structure and organization for design . The objective of design management is to develop and maintain an efficient business environment in which an organization can achieve its strategic and mission goals through design . Design management is a comprehensive activity at all levels of business ( operational to strategic ) , from the discovery phase to the execution phase . `` Simply put , design management is the business side of design . Design management encompasses the ongoing processes , business decisions , and strategies that enable innovation and create effectively-designed products , services , communications , environments , and brands that enhance our quality of life and provide organizational success . '' The discipline of design management overlaps with marketing management , operations management , and strategic management .   Traditionally , design management was seen as limited to the management of design projects , but over time , it evolved to include other aspects of an organization at the functional and strategic level . A more recent debate concerns the integration of design thinking into strategic management as a cross-disciplinary and human-centered approach to management . This paradigm also focuses on a collaborative and iterative style of work and an abductive mode of inference , compared to practices associated with the more traditional management paradigm .   Design has become a strategic asset in brand equity , differentiation , and product quality for many companies . More and more organizations apply design management to improve design-relevant activities and to better connect design with corporate strategy .

neg: Supply management (procurement) The term supply management describes the methods and processes of modern corporate or institutional buying . This may be for the purchasing of supplies for internal use referred to as indirect goods and services , purchasing raw materials for the consumption during the manufacturing process , or for the purchasing of goods for inventory to be resold as products in the distribution and retail process .   In many organizations , acquisition or buying of services is called contracting , while that of goods is called purchasing or procurement . The supply management function of an organization is responsible for various aspects of these acquisitions :  Working with business leaders who have identified a business need or requirement to identify , source , contract , and procure the needed good or service from qualified suppliers  Managing supplier performance  Implementing technologies , processes , policies , and procedures to support the purchasing process ( Supplier Relationship Management ) .  The supplier relationship management process : a process for providing the structure for how relationships with suppliers will be developed and maintained .  Economic theories of supply and demand   Supply management is generally regarded as a systematic business process that includes more functions than traditional buying , such as coordinating inbound and internal pre-production logistics and managing inventory .   Supply management deals primarily with the oversight and management of materials and services inputs , management of the suppliers who provide those inputs , and support of the process of acquiring those inputs . The performance of supply management departments and supply management professionals is commonly measured in terms of amount of money saved for the organization . However , managing risk is one of the other critical aspects of supply management ; especially the risk of non-availability at the required time of quality goods and services critical for an organization 's survival and growth .


query: Cheyenne Jackson portrayed Mark Bingham in United 93.

pos: Cheyenne Jackson Cheyenne David Jackson ( born July 12 , 1975 ) is an American actor and singer-songwriter . His credits include leading roles in Broadway musicals and other stage roles , as well as film and television roles , concert singing , and music recordings .   After beginning his acting career in regional theatre in Seattle , he moved to New York and was an understudy in Thoroughly Modern Millie ( 2002 ) and Aida ( 2003 ) . He next originated the role of Matthew in Altar Boyz ( 2004 ) . Jackson 's first leading role on Broadway was in All Shook Up ( 2005 ) , which earned him a Theatre World Award for `` Outstanding Broadway Debut . '' Since then , on the New York stage , he has starred in The Agony & the Agony ( 2006 ) , Xanadu ( 2007 ; Drama League , Drama Desk nominations ) , Damn Yankees ( 2008 ) , Finian 's Rainbow ( 2010 ; Drama Desk nomination ) , 8 ( 2011 ) , The Heart of the Matter ( 2012 ) and The Performers ( 2013 ) .   He has also appeared in a number of films , including the 2006 Academy Award-nominated United 93 , in which his portrayal of Mark Bingham earned him the Boston Society of Film Critics 2006 award for Best Ensemble Cast . He also had a leading role in the 2014 independent romantic comedy ensemble , Mutual Friends , and guest roles in television series such as NBC 's 30 Rock and Fox 's Glee . Most recently , Jackson starred in the FX Horror-anthology , American Horror Story , in its fifth and sixth seasons .   In concert , Jackson has sold out Carnegie Hall twice : The Power of Two in 2010 and Music of the Mad Men Era in 2011 . He also performs in cabaret . In addition to his Broadway cast albums , he has released three albums of popular music , including a joint album called The Power of Two with Michael Feinstein in 2008 . In 2012 , Jackson released two singles , `` Drive '' and `` Before You '' , from his 2013 album I 'm Blue , Skies . In 2016 , Jackson released his latest album , Renaissance , an album adapted and expanded from his solo concert Music of the Mad Men Era .

neg: Pony Express (film) Pony Express is a 1953 American western film directed by Jerry Hopper and starring Charlton Heston as Buffalo Bill , Forrest Tucker as Wild Bill Hickok , Jan Sterling as a Calamity Jane type character  and Rhonda Fleming that was filmed in Kanab , Utah . The story is largely based on the 1925 silent film The Pony Express and tells a highly fictionalized account ( e.g. Buffalo Bill was born in 1846 and would have been 14 at the time ) of the formation of the Pony Express rapid transcontinental mail delivery pioneers in 1860 's United States .

neg: Barbara Markay Barbara Markay is an American musician . She was born and raised in Long Island , New York , in Rockville Centre . She was educated in piano and violin at Juilliard and the Manhattan School of Music and graduated from Juilliard with a bachelor 's degree in composition . Moving from classical music to pop , she formed a five-part female singing group , The Girl Scouts , and later a musical theater troupe , Little Lulu & the Humpers , that performed in Miami Beach and New York City . With her own band she gained some commercial success in Europe with several singles in the Top 20 charts . Two of the singles , It 's All Rite to Fuck All Nite and Give Your Dick to Me , were heavily censored before receiving airplay . These have since been mentioned in lists of the world 's worst music . In the US she collaborated in various musical projects including Carly Simon 's Coming Around Again album , Michael Jackson 's Bad video and as a backup singer to Bruce Willis . Since 1994 she has been writing her own music in the world music and new-age genres .

neg: Cheyenne (Jason Derulo song) `` Cheyenne '' is a song by American singer Jason Derulo , released as the second single for his fourth studio album , Everything Is 4 ( 2015 ) . The song was written by Jason Derulo , Ian Kirkpatrick , Sam Martin , Lindy Robbins , Jason Evigan , Marcus Lomax , Stefan Johnson and Jordan Johnson , while the song 's production was handled by The Monsters and the Strangerz and Kirkpatrick .   Jason Lipshutz of Billboard noted the reminiscence of `` Cheyenne '' to the works by singer Bruno Mars .

neg: Navajo Blues Navajo Blues is a 1996 American crime-action film produced and directed by Joey Travolta and starring Steven Bauer , Irene Bedard and Charlotte Lewis .

neg: Robert Stanton (actor) Robert Lloyd Stanton ( born March 8 , 1963 ) is an American film , television and stage actor , director and playwright . He may be best known for his role in the 1993 film Dennis the Menace as Henry Mitchell , the title character 's father .

neg: Carter Jackson Carter Jackson is an actor based in New York City .

neg: United (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song) `` United '' is a song recorded by Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark . It was released in April 1994 as the third single from their debut album , Life in the Streets . It reached number one in Germany and the top 10 in Austria , Denmark , Finland , the Netherlands , Sweden , and Switzerland .

neg: The Shadow Riders (film) The Shadow Riders is a 1982 American made-for-television western film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and starring Tom Selleck , Sam Elliott , Dominique Dunne , and Katharine Ross . Based on The Shadow Riders by Louis L'Amour , the film is about two brothers who meet up after fighting on opposite sides of the Civil War and return home only to find their siblings kidnapped by ruthless raiders . Together they set out on an adventure to rescue their family . The film reunites actors Selleck , Elliot , and Jeff Osterhage , who also starred in the 1979 film The Sacketts . The Shadow Riders first aired in the United States on September 28 , 1982 .

neg: Jackson Walsh Jackson Walsh is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera , Emmerdale , played by Marc Silcock . He made his first on-screen appearance on 22 March 2010 . The character was introduced as a love interest for the established Aaron Livesy , and Jackson became central to Aaron 's coming out storyline . Jackson also began interacting with other characters and events in the village and his family were introduced . Jackson was given his own storyline in October 2010 and it saw him become a quadriplegic following a train accident . Jackson subsequently struggles with his situation and he asks Aaron and his mother to end his life .

neg: Mel Jackson Mel Jackson ( born October 13 , 1970 , in Chicago , Illinois ) is an African-American actor , producer , spoken word artist and R&B musician . He is known for his roles in Living Single ( 1997 -- 98 ) , Soul Food ( 1997 ) , The Temptations ( 1998 ) , Deliver Us from Eva ( 2003 ) , and Abduction of Jesse Bookman ( 2008 ) .

neg: Wild Bill (1995 film) Wild Bill is a 1995 Western film about the last days of legendary lawman Wild Bill Hickok . It stars Jeff Bridges , Ellen Barkin , John Hurt and Diane Lane .  The film was distributed by United Artists . It was written and directed by Walter Hill , with writing credits also going to Pete Dexter , author of the book Deadwood , and Thomas Babe , author of the play Fathers and Sons .

neg: Days of Old Cheyenne Days of Old Cheyenne is a 1943 American western film directed by Elmer Clifton and starring Don ` Red ' Barry , Lynn Merrick and William Haade .   The film 's art direction is by Russell Kimball .

neg: Crossroads (1992 TV series) Crossroads is an American drama that aired from September 14 , 1992 to July 15 , 1993 .

neg: Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' .   Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography .   Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour .   The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' .   On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland .   Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .

neg: Stagecoach to Denver Stagecoach to Denver is a 1946 American Western ; one of Republic Pictures Red Ryder film series directed by R.G. Springsteen .

neg: Barbara Tyson Barbara Tyson ( born October 1 , 1964 ) is a Canadian actress known for appearing in hit TV series Neon Rider , Cold Squad , ER and The Twilight Zone . One of her first notable television roles was in Another World as Dawn Rollo , the first HIV-positive character to be introduced in a daytime soap opera in the United States . She was credited as Barbara Bush in her early roles .   Originally from Capreol , Ontario , she moved with her mother several times in childhood after her parents ' divorce , finally spending her teen years in Barrie . Her first-ever acting audition was for a role in the Donald Sutherland film Threshold , which went to Mare Winningham . She had early guest roles in Canadian television , and appeared as Carol Burnett 's daughter in the television film Between Friends , before moving to New York City in 1985 . She had just $ 1.87 in her savings account the day she won her role in Another World . After that role ended , she continued to appear in guest roles before securing her starring role in the Canadian series Neon Rider , which lasted for four seasons .   She was nominated for a Gemini Award for Best Guest Performance in a Series by an Actor or Actress in 1994 for a guest appearance in '' North of 60 .

neg: The Damned United The Damned United is a 2009 British biographical sports drama film directed by Tom Hooper and adapted by Peter Morgan from David Peace 's bestselling novel The Damned Utd , a largely fictional book based on the author 's interpretation of Brian Clough 's ill-fated tenure as football manager of Leeds United in 1974 . It was produced by BBC Films and Left Bank Pictures with additional funding from Screen Yorkshire and Columbia Pictures . Sony Pictures Entertainment distributed the film .   The film was originally proposed by Stephen Frears but he pulled out of the project in November 2007 . Hooper took his place and film was shot from May to July 2008 . The film marks the fifth collaboration between screenwriter Peter Morgan and actor Michael Sheen who plays Clough . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2009 and in North America on 25 September . The film grossed $ 4.1 million worldwide against a $ 10 million production budget . The film received nominations for the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor , the ALFS Award for British Supporting Actor of the Year , the Satellite Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture , Drama and Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Writers ' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best Feature Film Screenplay .

neg: Fearless (1993 film) Fearless is a 1993 American drama film directed by Peter Weir and starring Jeff Bridges , Isabella Rossellini , Rosie Perez and John Turturro . It was written by Rafael Yglesias from his novel of the same name .   Rosie Perez was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Carla Rodrigo . The film was also entered into the 44th Berlin International Film Festival . Jeff Bridges ' role as Max Klein is widely regarded as one of the best performances of his career . The film 's soundtrack features part of the first movement of Henryk Górecki 's Symphony No. 3 , subtitled Symphony of Sorrowful Songs . The film 's screenwriter was inspired to write the script after he was in a car accident . Yglesias began writing the story after reading about United Airlines Flight 232 , that crashed in Sioux City , Iowa in 1989 .

neg: Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 .   The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 .   The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton .   It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .

neg: Mark Wingett Mark Christopher Wingett ( born 1 January 1961 ) is an English actor . He is best known for playing the role of Jim Carver in the ITV police procedural The Bill .


query: The Dark Knight is dedicated to the memory of a deceased cast member.

pos: The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos .   Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker .   A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .

neg: Dark Knight (nickname) The Dark Knight is the nickname of the superhero Batman who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics . Batman was first referred to by the nickname in Batman # 1 ( Spring 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger .

neg: Marton Csokas Marton Paul Csokas ( Csókás Márton , -LSB- ˈt͡ʃoːkaːʃ ˈmaːrton -RSB- ; born 30 June 1966 ) is a New Zealand actor of Hungarian descent . His notable roles include Celeborn in The Lord of the Rings film series ( 2001 -- 03 ) , Yorgi in xXx ( 2002 ) , Guy de Lusignan in Kingdom of Heaven ( 2005 ) , Trevor Goodchild in Æon Flux ( 2005 ) , Hora in Romulus , My Father ( 2007 ) , Nico in Dead Europe ( 2012 ) , Jack Barts in Abraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter ( 2012 ) , Lieutenant Barnes in Pawn ( 2013 ) , and Nicolai Itchenko in The Equalizer ( 2014 ) .   He is set to appear as former FBI Director L. Patrick Gray in the upcoming 2017 film The Silent Man .

neg: Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .

neg: M'fundo Morrison Mfundo Morrison ( born September 5 , 1974 in Rome , Georgia ) is an American actor , voice over artist and filmmaker . He portrayed Quartermaine family member Justus Ward on the multi Emmy award winning hit show General Hospital . He had a reoccurring role on the multi award winning Closer playing FBI Agent Wayne Horlacher . He has starred in multiple films and theatre productions to critical acclaim . Morrison was voted General Hospitals sexiest male star , Ebony magazine hottest bachelor . He is also an Emmy nominated voice over artist . He started his own production company and has several projects in development , he also creates content for all media .   Mfundo Morrison is the grandson of Nobel Laureate Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu .

neg: Aaron Eckhart Aaron Edward Eckhart ( born March 12 , 1968 ) is an American film and stage actor . Born in Cupertino , California , he moved to the UK at age 13 , when his father relocated the family . Several years later , he began his acting career by performing in school plays , before moving to Sydney , Australia for his high school senior year . He left high school without graduating , but earned a diploma through an adult education course , and graduated from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1994 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in New York City as a struggling , unemployed actor .   As an undergraduate at BYU , Eckhart met director and writer Neil LaBute , who cast him in several of his own original plays . Five years later Eckhart made a debut as an unctuous , sociopathic ladies ' man in LaBute 's black comedy film In the Company of Men ( 1997 ) . Under LaBute 's guidance he worked in the director 's films Your Friends & Neighbors ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , and Possession ( 2002 ) .   Eckhart gained wide recognition as George in Steven Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed film Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , and in 2006 received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Nick Naylor in Thank You for Smoking . Another mainstream breakout occurred in 2008 when he starred in the blockbuster Batman film The Dark Knight as District Attorney Harvey Dent . Other key roles include The Pledge ( 2001 ) , The Core ( 2003 ) , Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) Battle : Los Angeles ( 2011 ) , Olympus Has Fallen ( 2013 ) , I , Frankenstein ( 2014 ) , Olympus '' ' sequel , London Has Fallen and Sully '' ( both 2016 ) .

neg: The Things We Bury `` The Things We Bury '' is the eighth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they search for a hidden alien city , and discover secrets about their enemies . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by DJ Doyle and directed by Milan Cheylov .   Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by principal cast members Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , and Nick Blood . Hayley Atwell reprises her role from other MCU projects in flashbacks with connections to the television series Agent Carter and the films Captain America : The First Avenger and Captain America : The Winter Soldier .   `` The Things We Bury '' originally aired on ABC on November 18 , 2014 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.58 million viewers . The episode received a mostly positive critical response , with the episode 's flashback sequences , and the performance of MacLachlan , praised , but an issue of ` over-crowding ' of storylines was frequently brought up by critics .

neg: Mr. Saturday Knight `` Mr. Saturday Knight '' is the ninth episode from the third season of Family Guy . It guest-stars Will Ferrell as the Black Knight , R. Lee Ermey as the Renaissance Fair jousting instructor , Adam Carolla as Death and Jimmy Kimmel as Death 's dog . This episode marks the final appearance of Mr. Weed due to his death . Also `` A Fish out of Water '' is continued partially from this episode .

neg: Death (comics) Death , in comics , may refer to :   Comic book death , the deaths of characters in comic books and the related entry :  List of dead comic book characters  The personification of death :  Death ( DC Comics )  Death ( Marvel Comics )  Death , a member of the Horsemen of Apocalypse   Other characters :  Death Adder ( comics ) , a Marvel supervillain  Death 's Head , a Marvel UK character  Death 's - Head ( comics ) , a Marvel character and enemy of Daredevil  Death Metal ( comics ) , a Marvel UK character  Death Squad ( comics ) , a Marvel Comics team of supervillains  Death-Stalker , a Marvel character  Death Wreck , a Marvel character  Doctor Death ( comics ) , a DC supervillain  Black Death ( comics ) , a Marvel supervillain  Lady Death  Lady Deathstrike   Storylines :  The Death of Superman  Death of Buffy ( Buffy comic )

neg: Dick Grayson Richard John `` Dick '' Grayson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with Batman . Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and illustrator Jerry Robinson , he first appeared in Detective Comics # 38 in April 1940 as the original incarnation of Robin . In Tales of the Teen Titans # 44 ( July 1984 ) the character retires his role as Robin and assumes the superhero persona of Nightwing , created by Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez .   The youngest in a family of acrobats known as the `` Flying Graysons '' , Dick watches a mafia boss kill his parents in order to extort money from the circus that employed them . Batman ( Bruce Wayne ) takes him in as a legal ward ( retconned as an adopted son in some cases ) and the crime-fighting partner Robin . He is written by many authors as the first son of Batman . As well as being Batman 's crime-fighting partner , Dick establishes himself as the leader of the Teen Titans , a team of teenage superheroes . As a young man , he retires as Robin and takes on his own superhero identity to assert his independence , becoming Nightwing . As Nightwing , he continues to lead the Teen Titans and later the Outsiders . In the first volume of his eponymous series ( 1996 -- 2009 ) , he becomes the protector of Blüdhaven , Gotham 's economically troubled neighboring city , the locale the character is most closely associated with . He has also served stints protecting the streets of New York , Chicago and Gotham in other runs over the years .   Dick Grayson has taken on the identity of Batman on a few occasions . Following `` Batman : Knightfall '' , Grayson declines taking up the mantle of Batman while the original was recovering from a broken back as he feels Nightwing is a hero in his own right and not Batman 's understudy , but after the events of the Zero Hour miniseries later that year , he replaces Bruce Wayne as Batman , beginning in Robin # 0 ( 1994 ) and extending throughout the Batman : Prodigal storyline in 1995 . Dick again assumes the mantle following the events of `` Batman R.I.P. '' ( 2008 ) and Final Crisis ( 2008 -- 9 ) . As Batman , Dick moves to Gotham City following his mentor 's apparent death and partners with the fifth Robin , Damian Wayne . On Bruce 's return , both men maintained the Batman identity until 2011 , when Dick returned to the Nightwing identity with DC 's The New 52 continuity reboot . In a 2014 comic story , Dick is forced to abandon the Nightwing identity after being unmasked on TV and faking his death , setting up Tim Seeley 's Grayson comic book , Dick becomes Agent 37 , Batman 's mole in the nefarious spy organization Spyral . Following the conclusion of the Grayson series , and the restoration of his secret identity in the series ' final issue , Dick returns to being Nightwing as part of the DC Rebirth relaunch in 2016 .   Dick Grayson has appeared as Robin in several other media adaptations : the 1943 serial played by Douglas Croft , the 1949 serial played by Johnny Duncan , the 1966 -- 1968 live action Batman television series and its motion picture portrayed by Burt Ward , played by Chris O'Donnell in the 1995 film Batman Forever and its 1997 sequel Batman & Robin . Loren Lester voiced the character as Robin in Batman : The Animated Series and later as Nightwing 's first screen adaptation in The New Batman Adventures . In May 2011 , IGN ranked Dick Grayson # 11 on their list of the `` Top 100 Super Heroes of All Time '' . In 2013 , ComicsAlliance ranked Grayson as Nightwing as # 1 on their list of the `` 50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics '' .

neg: The Dark Knight (video game) The Dark Knight is a cancelled action video game loosely based on the film of the same name . The game was unofficially announced in the summer of 2007 to be developed by Pandemic Studios as an open world Batman game .   The game was confirmed , albeit unofficially , on July 18 , 2008 by actor Gary Oldman during an interview with G4 's Kristin Adams . In his interview on GameTrailers , Oldman said he knew an awful lot of effort had gone into getting Batman 's gliding abilities to feel suitably smooth and fluid for The Dark Knight game . Oldman , who reprised his role as Lt. Jim Gordon , did not name a developer in the interview but anonymous sources reported that The Dark Knight was a secret project of Pandemic Studios and EA .   Despite prior speculation , no further announcements were made regarding production of the game , even upon the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of the films on December 9 , 2008 in the United States . According to a Newsweek article , the lack of a game at the same time of the movie 's release may have cost an estimated $ 101 million in missed revenue . EA and Pandemic Studios had announced that the game would come out on the PlayStation 3 . Pandemic Brisbane , who were responsible for developing this game , has since been shut down and the project cancelled . In 2009 , Warner Bros. would instead publish Batman : Arkham Asylum with Rocksteady Studios as the developer , which would start the Batman : Arkham series .

neg: Collector (comics) The Collector ( Taneleer Tivan ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character has been featured in nearly five decades of Marvel continuity .   The Collector appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , portrayed by Benicio del Toro , in a cameo in the mid-credits scene of 2013 's Thor : The Dark World , and in 2014 's Guardians of the Galaxy .

neg: All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman .   The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' .   The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint .   Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' .   With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .

neg: Anthony Lee (actor) Anthony Dwain Lee ( July 17 , 1961 -- October 28 , 2000 ) was an American stage , television and film actor . He began his career in the 1980s appearing in numerous stage productions and in guest roles on television and in films . He was a playwright and had several production workshops of his work in New City Theater in Seattle , Washington .   While attending a Halloween party in October 2000 , Lee was fatally shot by a LAPD officer . Lee 's death and the circumstances surrounding it garnered significant national and international media attention .

neg: Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' .   The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .

neg: Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame .   Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations .   Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement .   Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .

neg: The Dark Man (poem) `` The Dark Man '' is an early poem written by Stephen King when he was in college . It was later published in Ubris in 1969 . It served as the genesis for the character of Randall Flagg . An edition from Cemetery Dance Publications with illustrations from Glenn Chadbourne was released in July 2013 .

neg: Golden Knight The Golden Knight is a fictional character , a comic book knight published by DC Comics . He first appeared in The Demon vol . 3 , # 20 ( February 1992 ) , and was created by Alan Grant and Val Semeiks . The character is based on the mythical knight Percival as defined by Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished fifth romance , Perceval , le Conte du Graal ( Perceval , the Story of the Grail ) .

neg: Michael Akins Michael Akins is a fictional character in DC Comics ' Batman comics series . He is a man of African American descent who was chosen to succeed long-time Gotham City Police Commissioner James Gordon , who retired shortly after the end of the `` No Man 's Land '' story arc .

neg: New York State Fallen Firefighters Memorial The New York State Fallen Firefighters Memorial in Albany , New York is dedicated to the New York firefighters who have died in the line of duty . Governor of New York George Pataki officially dedicated the memorial on October 5 , 1998 . It features a 54 ft by 15 ft gray granite wall , with 2,312 names permanently etched into the stone . In front of the wall stands a 10 ft high dark bronze sculpture of two firefighters rescuing an injured colleague created by NY sculptor Robert Eccleston . The sculpture rests on a paved plaza with charcoal and red bricks forming a Maltese Cross . The Memorial stands on the northeast side of the Empire State Plaza in the park-like area bordered by Norway maples . It is easily accessible to the hundreds of thousand of visitors who travel to the New York State Capitol and Plaza each year .   The Fallen Firefighters Memorial Ceremony is held each year during national Fire Prevention Week .

neg: Dark X-Men The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction , as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline . Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then -- H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda .   The team was never officially called the `` Dark X-Men '' ( which was the name of the comics series , not the team ) . Instead , they were simply called the `` X-Men '' and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier 's X-Men , to which they had no official connection ( much like Osborn 's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers ) .