query: Anthropology is a division of Davis Entertainment.

pos: Davis Entertainment Davis Entertainment is an American independent film production company , founded by John Davis in 1984 .   Davis 's three divisions -- - feature film , independent film , and television - -- develop and produce film and television projects for the major studios , independent distributors , networks and cable broadcasters . The Company has enjoyed a long-standing first-look production deal at 20th Century Fox , though also produces projects for all studios and mini-majors .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Iambic Productions Iambic Productions Limited is an independent television production company specializing in the fields of music , arts and drama founded by producer Chris Hunt in 1988 . The company was a part of production and distribution Group DCD Media since its acquisition by the Group in 2000 until 2008 , when Chris Hunt took Iambic back into private ownership

neg: Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN .   Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games .   On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine .   The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage .   Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .

neg: Paleopathology Paleopathology , also spelled palaeopathology , is the study of ancient diseases . Studying pathologies , these abnormalities in biologic individuals and systems , may be intrinsic to the system itself ( examples : autoimmune disorders or traumatic arthritis ) or caused by an extrinsic factor ( examples : viruses or lead poisoning from pipes ) . Any living organism can have a pathology . Studies have historically focused on humans , but there is no evidence that humans are more prone to pathologies than any other animal .   Paleopathology is an interdisciplinary science . The majority of the work has historically been done by anthropologists studying diseases in ancient cultures . Medically trained professionals have also made substantial contributions , especially in modern comparative studies . Paleontologists have sporadically contributed to the field , focusing on non-avian dinosaurs and Cenozoic mammals .

neg: Odyssey Productions Odyssey Productions ( formerly Odyssey Visual Design ) is the former name of a California-based photography and 3-D computer animation company founded in 1983 by Steven Churchill in partnership with Adrian Turcotte . It was the first San Diego company to produce 3-D computer animation and its clients have included Coca-Cola , General Dynamics , Union Oil , Southwestern Cable , Metrocast , Honda , and a number of TV stations across the country .   While Odyssey focused primarily on 35mm back-lit motion graphics and special effects for the first 5 years of its existence , its award-winning release of the world 's first home entertainment video of computer animation , State Of the Art Of Computer Animation in 1988 brought about a shift in focus to 3D computer animation . The accolades and sales successes achieved by State Of the Art Of Computer Animation prompted the 1990 release of The Mind 's Eye : A Computer Animation Odyssey , a title that would become the first member of the successful The Mind 's Eye series . The next decade ( 1990 -- 2000 ) would be taken up almost entirely with the production of 19 feature-length 3-D computer animated package films for home release .   The company 's name became Odyssey Productions in 1995 and the last 12 3D computer animated films were released under this name . In 2003 the company again changed its name to AnimationTrip and broadened its focus to encompass photography to a greater extent . Under this new corporate name , the company added a business enterprise in 2004 focused primarily on photographic art and has launched a series of international art exhibitions in San Diego , California called the Art of Photography Show and the Art of Digital Show . Since 2006 , exhibiting photographic art and promoting photo artists has been the full focus of the business . In 2010 the company was named PhotoCulture , Inc. .

neg: The Anthropologist (film) The Anthropologist is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Seth Kramer , Daniel A. Miller , and Jeremy Newberger of Ironbound Films . The film follows environmental anthropologist Susie Crate and her teenage daughter Katie as they visit indigenous communities threatened by climate change . Featuring commentary from Mary Catherine Bateson , daughter of famed anthropologist Margaret Mead , the film explores how human beings adapt to catastrophic change .

neg: Anthro Anthro may refer to :   Anthropo - ( from Greek ἄνθρωπος anthropos , `` human '' ) , a prefix meaning human , humanoid , or humanlike , especially with regards to sentience  Anthro , short for anthropology , anthropomorphism , or other terms beginning with the prefix  Anthro Corporation , a manufacturer of furniture  Anthro ( comics ) , a DC Comics caveman

neg: Salvage anthropology Salvage anthropology is related to salvage ethnography , but often refers specifically to the collection of cultural artifacts and human remains , rather than the general collection of data and images .

neg: Human behavioral ecology Human behavioral ecology ( HBE ) or human evolutionary ecology applies the principles of evolutionary theory and optimization to the study of human behavioral and cultural diversity . HBE examines the adaptive design of traits , behaviors , and life histories of humans in an ecological context . One aim of modern human behavioral ecology is to determine how ecological and social factors influence and shape behavioral flexibility within and between human populations . Among other things , HBE attempts to explain variation in human behavior as adaptive solutions to the competing life-history demands of growth , development , reproduction , parental care , and mate acquisition .   HBE overlaps with evolutionary psychology , human or cultural ecology , and decision theory . It is most prominent in disciplines such as anthropology and psychology where human evolution is considered relevant for a holistic understanding of  human behavior or in economics where self-interest , methodological individualism , and maximization are key elements in modeling behavior . It has been resisted in fields such as sociology and political science where the findings on human evolution are either ignored or regarded as irrelevant .

neg: Dawn of Humanity Dawn of Humanity is a 2015 American documentary film that was released online on September 10 , 2015 , and aired nationwide in the United States on September 16 , 2015 . The PBS NOVA National Geographic film , in one episode of two hours , was directed and produced by Graham Townsley . The film describes the 2013 discovery , and later excavation , of the fossil remains of Homo naledi , an extinct species of hominin assigned to the genus Homo , found within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star Cave system , located in the Cradle of Humankind , South Africa . Additionally , the National Geographic Society has multiple videos on its website covering different phases of the discovery and excavation of the fossils during a two-year period . , fossils of at least fifteen individuals , amounting to 1550 specimens , have been excavated from the cave .

neg: Cornerstone Theater Company Cornerstone Theater Company is a theater company based in the United States that specializes in community-based collaboration . According to the mission statement published on the company 's website , `` Cornerstone Theater Company is a multi-ethnic , ensemble-based theater company . We commission and produce new plays , both original works and contemporary adaptations of classics , which combine the artistry of professional and community collaborators . By making theater with and for people of many ages , cultures and levels of theatrical experience , Cornerstone builds bridges between and within diverse communities in our home city of Los Angeles and nationwide . ''   Typically , Cornerstone artists take up residence in the community they will be working with and develop the script for a production . Using members of the community , Cornerstone creates a performance company mixing the professional Cornerstone ensemble with local talent . The resulting plays are often adaptations of classics , but they are always informed by and often address local concerns . These plays are often organized into `` Cycles '' which include several related communities . For example , Cornerstone 's Faith Based cycles included plays created with members of the Jewish community , Catholics , Muslims , and so on .   This artistic strategy is specifically aimed at developing and serving new audiences , and yields a unique theater form that blends professional actors , playwrights and stage designers with artists and actors who are in some way telling their own stories , or the stories of their community .

neg: Albert Piette Albert Piette ( born April 18 , 1960 ) is a Belgian anthropologist from Namur , Belgium . He is a professor at Paris West University Nanterre La Défense .   His researches concern the questions of observation and selection of data . His fields are especially in the religious world.In most of his books , he describes and analyses details and ordinary forms in situations of everyday life . He builds an existential anthropology , especially focusing on minor modes of human presences , in order to understand collective life and the differences between humans and other animals .   In his recent books , from the notions of phenomenography , ontography and ontology , Albert Piette elaborates anthropology as an empirical and theoretical science , different from sociology and ethnology . It would have its own methods of observation , phenomenography and ontography , and its own objects to observe , describe and analyse : humans ' existences and non-human 's existences around people . Piette 's anthropological world is filled with Homo sapiens and Neanderthals , apes and monkeys , gods and institutions , existences and presences , activity and passivity , instants and evolution . According to Piette , that is an existential anthropology .   This consists in studying humans as existing , perceiving their existence as their own , and knowing that they will lose it too . In this perspective , existential anthropology observes the microcontinutiy of the individual , living the moments and situations according to various modalities of presence-absence and passivity-activity . Piette does not want to assess existential anthropology as secondary ; on the contrary he considers it as crucial for anthropology , its future and its detachment from sociology .   In the aim of detailed observations of existences , Albert Piette thinks that ethnography , working especially on groups and activities , is less suitable that phenomenography , focusing on singular individuals . As the word implies , phenomenography studies on the one hand what appears , forms , movements , gestures and on the other hand , as an empirical counterpoint to phenomenology , it attempts to describe states of mind and feelings in the moments ' continuity .

neg: Anthroposophy Anthroposophy is a philosophy founded by Rudolf Steiner that postulates the existence of an objective , intellectually comprehensible spiritual world that is accessible by direct experience through inner development . More specifically , it aims to develop faculties of perceptive imagination , inspiration and intuition through the cultivation of a form of thinking independent of sensory experience , and to present the results thus derived in a manner subject to rational verification . Anthroposophy aims to attain in its study of spiritual experience the precision and clarity attained by the natural sciences in their investigations of the physical world . The philosophy has double roots in German idealism and German mysticism and was initially expressed in language drawn from Theosophy .   Anthroposophical ideas have been applied practically in many areas including Steiner/Waldorf education , special education ( most prominently through the Camphill Movement ) , biodynamic agriculture , medicine , ethical banking , organizational development , and the arts . The Anthroposophical Society has its international center at the Goetheanum in Dornach , Switzerland .   Modern critics , particularly Michael Shermer , have termed anthroposophy 's application in areas such as medicine , biology , and biodynamic agriculture to be pseudoscience . Anthroposophy has also been termed `` the most important esoteric society in European history . ''

neg: Ecological humanities The ecological humanities ( also environmental humanities ) is an interdisciplinary area of research , drawing on the many environmental sub-disciplines that have emerged in the humanities over the past several decades ( in particular environmental literature , environmental philosophy , environmental history and environmental anthropology ) . The ecological humanities aim to help bridge traditional divides between the sciences and the humanities , and between Western , Eastern and Indigenous ways of knowing the natural world and the place of humans in it ( Rose 2004 ) .   The ecological humanities are characterised by a connectivity ontology and a commitment to two fundamental axioms relating to the need to submit to ecological laws and to see humanity as part of a larger living system .

neg: Library of Congress Classification:Class G -- Geography. Anthropology. Recreation Class G : Geography , Anthropology , Recreation is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system . This article outlines the subclasses of Class G.   G

neg: Idris Ackamoor Idris Ackamoor ( born Bruce Baker , January 9 , 1951 ) is an American multi-instrumentalist , composer , actor , tap dancer , producer , administrator , and director . He is the Founder , Executive/Co-Artistic Director of the multi-disciplinary San Francisco performance company Cultural Odyssey . Ackamoor is also the Artistic Director of the world music/jazz ensemble The Pyramids .   He grew up in Chicago , and founded the Pyramids in the early 1970s at Antioch College , Ohio , as part of Cecil Taylor 's Black Music Ensemble . They toured Africa in the 1970s , adding musicians and new instruments , before returning to the US and settling in San Francisco . The original group split up in 1977 , but Ackamoor has reformed the Pyramids on several occasions .   Ackamoor has been honored with two Lifetime Achievement Awards for his musical and theatrical contributions . The most recent was presented in January 2012 by the BBC radio personality Gilles Peterson at the Worldwide Awards Show in London . In 2003 San Francisco 's historic magazine , The San Francisco Bay Guardian , presented Idris with his first . Ackamoor has guided Cultural Odyssey both artistically and administratively since the inception of the organization 35 years ago . He was trained in bookkeeping by the late Ann Weiseltier of L. Ann Weiseltier and Associates as well as by the accounting firm of Swiff , Levy , & Polo . In addition , Ackamoor has extensive grant writing experience and has received training in various technological fields from Bay Area Video Coalition including Final Cut Pro editing and Filmmaking . In 2013 Ackamoor received a James Irvine Foundation Exploring Engagement Fund Award to conduct concerts and music workshops to build the Music is the Healing Force Community Orchestra composed of a diverse array of multicultural and low-income participants culminating in concert presentations in nontraditional arts venues in San Francisco . The U.S. Department of State , Educational and Cultural Affairs Bureau selected Idris twice as an `` Arts Envoy '' . In his role as an arts ambassador he journeyed to Johannesburg , South Africa conducting residency activities inside the Naturena Women 's Prison with his partner Rhodessa Jones . In 2007 Idris Ackamoor conducted his first U.S. Department of State Speakers Tour of Russia where he conducted performances and workshops at University of Moscow , the American Center , and University of Rayzen . Idris has been in the spotlight of late thanks to the renewed interest in his 1970 's band The Pyramids , which he re-united and since 2010 has conducted seven whirlwind European tours throughout the continent . In the last three years 12 albums have been released of Ackamoor 's music , including the first Pyramids album in over 35 years entitled Otherworldly . In addition , a 3-CD box set was released entitled The Pyramids 1972 -- 1976 -- They Play to Make Music Fire . In 2004 Ackamoor released his third CD , Homage to Cuba . In 1999 Ackamoor released his second jazz CD entitled Centurian and in 1998 he recorded and released his first CD , Portrait . Ackamoor has recently received an Individual Artists Award from the San Francisco Cultural Equity Program to compose for the next Pyramids album .   He , along with his collaborators Bill T. Jones and Rhodessa Jones , received an `` Izzie '' Award in Choreography for Perfect Courage in 1992 .

neg: A&E Networks A&E Networks ( branded as A+E Networks ) is an American media company that owns a group of television channels available via cable & satellite in the U.S. and abroad . A&E stands for Arts & Entertainment . The company is a joint venture with Hearst and Disney-ABC Television Group , a unit of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .

neg: Harvard Department of Social Relations The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies , more commonly known as the `` Department of Social Relations '' was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University ( anthropology , psychology , and sociology ) beginning in 1946 . Originally , the program was headquartered in Emerson Hall at Harvard before moving to William James Hall in 1965 . While the name `` Social Relations '' is often associated with the program 's long-time chair and guiding spirit , sociologist Talcott Parsons , many major figures of mid-20th-century social science also numbered among the program 's faculty , including psychologists Gordon Allport ( personality and motivation ) , Jerome Bruner ( cognitive psychology and narrative analysis ) , Roger Brown ( social psychology and psycholinguistics ) , and Henry Murray ( personality ) ; anthropologists Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn ( value orientations ) , John and Beatrice Whiting ( cross-cultural child development ) , Evon Z. Vogt ( comparative religion ) ; and sociologist Alex Inkeles ( Soviet studies and national character ) . Many of its graduate students also went on to be major figures in U.S. social sciences during the latter part of the twentieth century ; their work tends towards strong interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches .   Allport and Boring discussed the origins of the department 's name in the April 1946 issue of the American Psychologist :  While -LSB- academic -RSB- departmental lines have remained rigid , there has been developing during the last decade , a synthesis of socio-cultural and psychological sciences which is widely recognized within the academic world in spite of the fact that there is no commonly accepted name to designate the synthesis . We propose that Harvard adopt , and thus help establish , the term Social Relations to characterize the emerging discipline which deals not only with the body of fact and theory traditionally recognized as the subject matter of sociology , but also with that portion of psychological science that treats the individual within the social system , and that portion of anthropological science that is particularly relevant to the social and cultural patterns of literate societies .   Social Relations sponsored or collaborated in a number of research studies characterized by explicit cross-cultural comparisons and multidisciplinary approaches to problems of policy or social theory . Major projects included the Six Cultures Study ( headed by John and Beatrice Whiting , an anthropological study of child development in six different cultures , including a New England Baptist community ; a Philippine barrio ; an Okinawan village ; an Indian village in Mexico ; a northern Indian caste group ; and a rural tribal group in Kenya ) ; a multidisciplinary analysis of Soviet culture and society , published in part as How the Soviet System Works ; and the Comparative Study of Values in Five Cultures during the 1950s , which examined five very different communities living in the same region of Texas : Zuni , Navajo , Mormon ( LDS ) , Spanish-American ( Mexican-American ) , and Texas Homesteaders .   The curriculum of the Harvard Social Relations had four inter-related components :  Sociology ;  Social Psychology ;  Social Anthropology ; and  Personality Theory .   The program disaggregated into its component departments around 1972 , though a certain interdisciplinarity remained throughout the 1970s .   A similar program at Yale , the Institute for Human Relations , also now disbanded , developed the Human Relations Area Files ( HRAF ) , a cross-cultural database for comparative research , administered by Carol and Melvin Ember .

neg: Urban anthropology Urban anthropology is a subset of anthropology concerned with issues of urbanization , poverty , urban space , social relations , and neoliberalism . The field has become consolidated in the 1960s and 1970s .   Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were `` a notoriously agoraphobic lot , anti-urban by definition '' . Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the `` Third World '' ( the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists ) brought the attention of `` specialists in ` other cultures ' '' closer to their homes .

neg: Ethnography Ethnography ( from Greek ἔθνος ethnos `` folk , people , nation '' and γράφω grapho `` I write '' ) is the systematic study of people and cultures . It is designed to explore cultural phenomena where the researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject of the study . An ethnography is a means to represent graphically and in writing the culture of a group . The word can thus be said to have a `` double meaning '' , which partly depends on whether it is used as a count noun or uncountably . The resulting field study or a case report reflects the knowledge and the system of meanings in the lives of a cultural group .   Ethnography , as the presentation of empirical data on human societies and cultures , was pioneered in the biological , social , and cultural branches of anthropology , but it has also become popular in the social sciences in general -- sociology , communication studies , history -- wherever people study ethnic groups , formations , compositions , resettlements , social welfare characteristics , materiality , spirituality , and a people 's ethnogenesis . The typical ethnography is a holistic study and so includes a brief history , and an analysis of the terrain , the climate , and the habitat . In all cases it should be reflexive , make a substantial contribution toward the understanding of the social life of humans , have an aesthetic impact on the reader , and express a credible reality . An ethnography records all observed behavior and describes all symbol-meaning relations , using concepts that avoid causal explanations .


query: Kafka stars an actor.

pos: Ian Holm Sir Ian Holm CBE ( born 12 September 1931 ) is an English actor known for his stage work and many film roles . He received the 1967 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor for his performance as Lenny in The Homecoming and the 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his performance in the title role of King Lear . He won the 1981 BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his role as athletics trainer Sam Mussabini in Chariots of Fire , for which he was also nominated for an Academy Award .   Other well-known film roles include Ash in Alien , Sir William Gull in From Hell , Father Vito Cornelius in The Fifth Element , and the hobbit Bilbo Baggins in the The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film series .

pos: Kafka (film) Kafka is a 1991 mystery thriller film directed by Steven Soderbergh . Ostensibly a biopic , based on the life of Franz Kafka , the film blurs the lines between fact and Kafka 's fiction ( most notably The Castle and The Trial ) , creating a Kafkaesque atmosphere . It was written by Lem Dobbs , and stars Jeremy Irons in the title role , with Theresa Russell , Ian Holm , Jeroen Krabbé , Joel Grey , Armin Mueller-Stahl , and Alec Guinness .   Released after Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed debut Sex , Lies , and Videotape it was the first of what would be a series of low-budget box-office disappointments . It has since become a cult film , being compared to Terry Gilliam 's Brazil and David Cronenberg 's Naked Lunch ( all of which star Ian Holm ) .

neg: Jan Tříska Jan Triska or Jan Tříska ( -LSB- ˈjan ˈtr̝̊iːska -RSB- ; 4 November 1936 ) is a Czech actor , most notable for portraying Captain Henry Wirz in the American television film Andersonville .

neg: Wojciech Pokora Wojciech Pokora ( born 2 October 1934 ) is a Polish actor . He has made over 40 appearances in film and television . He starred in the 1986-1987 television series Zmiennicy .

neg: Harvey Friedman (actor) Harvey Friedman ( born 1959 ) , sometimes credited as Harvey Friedmann , is an American film , television and theatre actor .

neg: Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .

neg: Steven Krueger Steven Krueger ( born May 25 , 1989 ) is an American actor . He is known for his roles as Joshua ` Josh ' Rosza on The Originals , and Davidson on Goosebumps .

neg: Jacob Matschenz Jacob Matschenz ( born 1984 , Berlin ) is a German actor . He is notable for film and television work including The Wave ( 2008 ) , 12 Paces Without a Head ( 2009 ) and The Sinking of the Laconia ( 2010 ) . He won the Adolf Grimme Award in 2008 for his appearance in An die Grenze .

neg: Krzysztof Stelmaszyk Krzysztof Stelmaszyk ( born March 2 , 1959 ) is a Polish film and television actor .

neg: Robert Jelinek See also Robert Jelinek ( musician ) .  Robert Thomas Jelinek ( born 20 September 1969 in Solna , Sweden ) is a Swedish actor .

neg: Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .

neg: Michael T. Weiss Michael Terry Weiss ( born February 2 , 1962 ) is an American actor .

neg: Sanjay Kapoor Sanjay Kapoor is a Bollywood actor and producer .

neg: Patrick Cavanaugh Patrick Cavanaugh is an American television actor .

neg: Martin Hewitt (actor) Martin Hewitt ( born February 19 , 1958 in San Jose , California ) is an American actor . He is best known for his film debut as David Axelrod in Franco Zeffirelli 's Endless Love ( 1981 ) .

neg: Joachim Fuchsberger Joachim `` Blacky '' Fuchsberger ( pronounced -LSB- ˈjoːaxɪm ˈfʊçsbɛrɡɐ -RSB- 11 March 1927 -- 11 September 2014 ) was a German-Australian actor , television host , lyricist and businessman best known to a wide German-speaking audience as one of the recurring actors in various Edgar Wallace movies ( always playing one of the good guys , often a Detective Inspector with Scotland Yard ) . In the English-speaking world , he was sometimes credited as Akim Berg or Berger .

neg: Jeffrey Tambor Jeffrey Michael Tambor ( born July 8 , 1944 ) is an American actor , voice artist , and comedian widely known for his roles as Hank Kingsley on The Larry Sanders Show , George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth on Arrested Development , and Maura Pfefferman on Transparent , for which he has received one Golden Globe , one Screen Actors Guild and two Emmy Awards .

neg: Patrick O'Kane Patrick O'Kane is an Irish actor who was born in 1965 in Belfast , Northern Ireland . He attended St Malachy 's grammar school where he discovered a love of acting and then attended Manchester University , graduating with double honours in Drama and English . This was followed by training at the Central School of Speech and Drama . He has been part of the companies of the Royal National Theatre , where he appeared in The Playboy of the Western World and Peer Gynt , and the Royal Shakespeare Company , where he played the title role in Macbeth . At the Royal Exchange Theatre , Manchester , he gave an `` eye-catching '' , `` triumphant '' performance in the title role of Christopher Marlowe 's Doctor Faustus in 2010 .   In London 's West End , he has appeared in War Horse . He played John Proctor in the Lyric Theatre , Belfast 's production of Arthur Miller 's The Crucible , opening the theatre 's new performance space in April 2011 to rave reviews and receiving a nomination for best actor in the Irish Theatre Awards for his performance .   In October 2011 O'Kane appeared to great acclaim in the lead role of `` 16 Possible Glimpses '' at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/whats_on/event/16_possible_glimpses/   In May 2012 He appeared as J. Bruce Ismay in Owen McCafferty 's Titanic ( Scenes from the British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry , 1912 ) at the newly opened MAC art 's venue in Belfast and will be performing in Owen McCafferty 's play `` Quietly '' in the Abbey Theatre in October 2012 .   In addition to his extensive stage work , O'Kane has appeared in the movies ( most recently in ` Prometheus ' ) and on television in many parts including ` Game of Thrones ' , seasons two and three of ` The Borgias ' , series nine of the popular BBC `` New Tricks '' and the upcoming BBC detective series `` The Fall '' set in Northern Ireland .   He won a Nesta Fellowship in 2005 and has released a book `` Actor 's Voices '' a series of conversations with modern actors ( Oberon Press 2012 )   He has also been in season 3 of HBO series Game of Thrones , playing as the new face of Jaqen H'ghar .

neg: Patrick Kafka Patrick Kafka ( born 1989 ) is a former Austrian - American runway , magazine and advertisement model . He was signed to Q Management New York City and Stella Models at the age of 15 .

neg: Filippo Nigro Filippo Nigro ( born 3 December 1970 ) is an Italian actor .

neg: Joe Bevilacqua Joe Bevilacqua ( born January 2 , 1959 ) is an American actor , voice actor , producer , director , author , dramatist , humorist , cartoonist , and documentarian .

neg: Stephen Rea Stephen Rea ( -LSB- ˈɹeɪ -RSB- ; born 31 October 1946 ) is an Irish film and stage actor . Rea has appeared in high-profile films such as V for Vendetta , Michael Collins , Interview with the Vampire and Breakfast on Pluto . Rea was nominated for an Academy Award for his lead performance as Fergus in the 1992 film The Crying Game . He has during later years had important roles in the Hugo Blick TV series The Shadow Line and The Honourable Woman , for which he won a BAFTA Award .


query: Alex Rodriguez played for the Mariners.

pos: Shortstop Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . The position is mostly filled by defensive specialists , so shortstops are generally relatively poor batters who bat later in the batting order , with some exceptions . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 .   More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .

pos: Alex Rodriguez Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez ( born July 27 , 1975 ) , nicknamed `` A-Rod '' , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman . He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Texas Rangers , and New York Yankees . Rodriguez was one of the sport 's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time . During his 22-year career , Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average , 696 home runs , over 2,000 runs batted in ( RBI ) , over 2,000 runs scored , and over 3,000 hits . He is a 14-time All-Star and has won three American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten Silver Slugger Awards , and two Gold Glove Awards . Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25 . However , he has led a highly controversial career due to signing two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history while incurring criticism from the media for his behavior and use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs .   The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft , and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18 . In 1996 , he became the Mariners ' starting shortstop and finished second in voting for the AL MVP Award . Rodriguez 's combination of power , speed , and defense made him a cornerstone of the franchise , but he left the team via free agency after the 2000 season to join the Rangers . The 10-year , $ 252 million contract he signed was the richest in baseball history . He played at a high level in his three years with Texas , highlighted by his first AL MVP Award win in 2003 , but the team failed to make the playoffs during his tenure . Prior to the 2004 season , Rodriguez was traded to the Yankees , for whom he converted to a third baseman due to incumbent shortstop Derek Jeter . In his first four seasons with New York , he was twice more named AL MVP . After opting out of his contract following the 2007 season , Rodriguez signed a new 10-year , $ 275 million deal with the Yankees , extending his record for the sport 's most lucrative contract . He became the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs , reaching the milestone in 2007 . He won his first World Series in 2009 , which was the first year of the new Yankee Stadium . The following year , he became the career leader in home runs by a player of Hispanic descent . In recent years , Rodriguez has been hampered by hip and knee injuries , which have caused him to exclusively become a designated hitter . He played his final game as a Yankee on August 12 , 2016 .   In February 2009 , after previously denying use of performance-enhancing drugs , including during a 2007 interview with Katie Couric on 60 Minutes , Rodriguez admitted to using steroids , saying he used them from 2001 to 2003 when playing for Rangers due to `` an enormous amount of pressure '' to perform . While recovering from a hip injury in 2013 , Rodriguez made headlines by feuding with team management over his rehabilitation and for having allegedly obtained performance-enhancing drugs as part of the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In August 2013 , MLB suspended him 211 games for his involvement in the scandal , but he was allowed to play while appealing the punishment . Had the original suspension been upheld , it would have been the longest non-lifetime suspension in Major League Baseball history . After an arbitration hearing , the suspension was reduced to 162 games , keeping him off the field for the entire 2014 season .

neg: Doug Fister Douglas Wildes Fister ( born February 4 , 1984 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher who plays for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Detroit Tigers , Washington Nationals and Houston Astros .   Fister bats left-handed , and throws right-handed . He was born in Merced , California and attended Golden Valley High School . He then attended Merced College , and later Fresno State University . He spent four seasons ( 2006 -- 2009 ) in the Seattle Mariners minor league organization before being promoted to their Major League roster in 2009 .

neg: Alfonso Soriano Alfonso Guilleard Soriano ( born January 7 , 1976 ) is a Dominican former professional baseball left fielder and second baseman . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the New York Yankees , Chicago Cubs , Texas Rangers , and Washington Nationals , and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp .   Soriano began his professional career with Hiroshima in 1996 , but signed with the Yankees as a free agent in 1998 and was assigned to play in minor league baseball . The next year , he was the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in the All-Star Futures Game , and made his MLB debut for the Yankees , with whom he would win two American League championships . The Yankees traded Soriano to the Rangers after the 2003 season , and the Rangers traded Soriano to the Nationals after the 2005 season . He signed a contract as a free agent with the Cubs before the 2007 season . The Cubs traded Soriano to the Yankees in 2013 , and the Yankees released him in 2014 .   Soriano was a seven-time MLB All-Star , and won the All-Star Game MVP Award in 2004 . He won the Silver Slugger Award four times . He played primarily as a second baseman for the Yankees and Rangers before being converted to an outfielder with the Nationals .   Soriano is one of only 54 major league players to hit 400 or more career home runs , and was seventh among active players in home runs at the time of his retirement .

neg: 1997 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics ' 1997 season was the team 's 30th in Oakland , California . It was also the 97th season in franchise history . The team finished fourth in the American League West with a record of 65-97 .   The Athletics , coming off a surprising ( if still mediocre ) 78-84 campaign , hoped to reach the playoffs for the first time since 1992 . With this in mind , the team traded for slugger Jose Canseco . Canseco , who had played for the Athletics from 1986 to 1992 , was reunited with fellow superstar ( and fellow `` Bash Brother '' ) Mark McGwire . In addition to McGwire and Canseco , Oakland 's impressive collection of power hitters included Jason Giambi , Gerónimo Berroa , and Matt Stairs .   Little was done , however , to shore up the Athletics ' abysmal 1996 pitching staff . Ariel Prieto , owner of a 4.41 career ERA ( Earned Run Average ) , was named the Opening Day starter ; a succession of poorly regarded players filled out the rest of the starting rotation and bullpen . While optimism remained high for the team 's offense , great concern remained for its pitching staff .   In the end , Oakland 's offense and pitching both fared terribly . For the second consecutive year , no Athletics pitcher won ten or more games ; even worse , no starter won more than six . None of the team 's top four starters ( Ariel Prieto , Steve Karsay , Mike Oquist , and Dave Telgheder ) finished the season with an ERA of less than 5.00 ; the Athletics , as a team , finished with an earned run average of 5.48 ( easily the MLB 's worst ) . All told , the A 's allowed a season total of 946 runs . This remains the worst such figure in Oakland history .   More puzzling was the fate of the offense . Oakland , as expected , remained one of the league 's best power-hitting teams . The Athletics ' sluggers hit a total of 197 home runs ( third-most in the American League ) . Oakland 's home runs failed to generate much offense , however , as a low team batting average negated most of the team 's other advantages . Oakland scored a total of 764 runs in 1997 ( the 11th highest total in the American League ) .   These awful performances quickly removed the A 's from contention . On May 31 , they were already nine games out of first place ; their position steadily worsened throughout the summer . In light of this , General Manager Sandy Alderson traded Mark McGwire ( who , at the time , was on pace to break Roger Maris ' single-season home run record ) to the St. Louis Cardinals for T.J. Matthews , Blake Stein , and Eric Ludwick . McGwire would finish the season with 58 home runs ( four shy of breaking the record ) . The trade was a disaster on the Athletics ' end , as none of the three players received in the trade remained on the team by 2000 . The A 's ultimately finished twenty-five games behind the first-place Seattle Mariners . Their 65-97 finish ( the club 's worst since 1979 ) led to the removal of Sandy Alderson as General Manager on October 17 ; he was replaced by Billy Beane . Manager Art Howe , however , was retained for the 1998 season .   The 1997 season would ultimately prove to be the Athletics ' nadir . The continued rise of Jason Giambi , the debuts of Ben Grieve and Miguel Tejada , the acquisition of Tim Hudson in the 1997 MLB draft , and the ascension of Billy Beane to the position of General manager paved the way for a lengthy period of success from 1999 onwards .

neg: Montreal Expos The Montreal Expos ( Les Expos de Montréal ) were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Expos were the first Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise located outside the United States . They played in the National League ( NL ) East Division from 1969 until 2004 . Following the 2004 season , the franchise relocated to Washington , D.C. , and became the Washington Nationals .   Immediately after the minor league Triple-A Montreal Royals folded in 1960 , political leaders in Montreal sought an MLB franchise , and when the National League evaluated expansion candidates for the 1969 season , it awarded a team to Montreal . Named after the Expo 67 World 's Fair , the Expos originally played at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977 . The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons . The team won its only division title in the strike-shortened season , but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series ( NLCS ) to the Los Angeles Dodgers . The team was sold in 1991 by its majority , founding owner , Charles Bronfman , to a consortium headed by Claude Brochu . Felipe Alou was promoted to the team 's field manager in 1992 , becoming MLB 's first Dominican-born manager . He led the team to four winning seasons , including , where the Expos had the best record in baseball before a players ' strike ended the season . Alou became the Expos leader in games managed ( 1409 ) .   The aftermath of the 1994 strike initiated a downward spiral as the Expos chose to sell off their best players , and attendance and interest in the team declined . Major League Baseball purchased the team prior to the 2002 season after the club failed to secure funding for a new ballpark . In their final two seasons , the team played 22 home games each year at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan , Puerto Rico . On September 29 , 2004 , MLB announced the franchise would relocate to Washington , D.C. for the season , and the Expos played their final home game in Montreal .   The Expos posted an all-time record of 2,753 wins , 2,943 losses and 4 ties during their 36 years in Montreal . Vladimir Guerrero led the franchise in both home runs and batting average , and Steve Rogers in wins and strikeouts . Three pitchers threw four no-hitters : Bill Stoneman ( twice ) , Charlie Lea , and Dennis Martínez , who pitched the 13th official perfect game in Major League Baseball history . The Expos retired four numbers in Montreal , and seven former members have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame , with Gary Carter and Andre Dawson 's plaques depicting them with Expos caps .

neg: Adam Moore Adam Ross Moore ( born May 8 , 1984 ) is an American professional baseball catcher in the Cleveland Indians organization . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Kansas City Royals , San Diego Padres , and the Cleveland Indians .   Moore was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the sixth round of the 2006 Major League Baseball draft .

neg: Alou family The Rojas family , more commonly known in English-speaking America by their matronym , Alou , is a prominent Major League Baseball family from the Dominican Republic . The family name in the Dominican Republic is the paternal family name of Rojas , but Felipe Alou and his brothers became known by the name Alou when the Giants ' scout who signed Felipe mistakenly thought his matronym ( Alou ) was his surname . The Rojas Alou brothers ' maternal grandfather , Mateu Alou , was an immigrant from Felanitx , Spain , who immigrated to the Dominican Republic in 1898 . In 1963 , while all playing for the San Francisco Giants , Felipe , Marty and Jesus became the first all brother outfield in the Major Leagues .

neg: 2001 American League Division Series The 2001 American League Division Series ( ALDS ) , the opening round of the 2001 American League playoffs , began on Tuesday , October 9 , and ended on Monday , October 15 , with the champions of the three AL divisions -- along with a `` wild card '' team -- participating in two best-of-five series . The teams were :   ( 1 ) Seattle Mariners ( Western Division champion , 116 -- 46 ) vs. ( 3 ) Cleveland Indians ( Central Division champion , 91 -- 71 ) : Mariners win series , 3 -- 2 .  ( 2 ) New York Yankees ( Eastern Division champion , 95 -- 65 ) vs. ( 4 ) Oakland Athletics ( Wild Card , 102 -- 60 ) : Yankees win series , 3 -- 2 .   The higher seed ( in parentheses ) had the home field advantage ( Games 1 , 2 and 5 at home ) , which was determined by playing record . Although the team with the best record was normally intended to play the wild card team , the Mariners played the Indians , rather than the wild card Athletics , because the Mariners and Athletics are in the same division .   The Seattle Mariners and New York Yankees went on to meet in the AL Championship Series ( ALCS ) . The Yankees became the American League champion , and lost to the National League champion Arizona Diamondbacks in the 2001 World Series .

neg: Luis Sardiñas Luis Alexander Sardiñas Avilez ( born May 16 , 1993 ) is a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder in the Baltimore Orioles organization . He made his MLB debut with the Texas Rangers during the 2014 season , and played for the Milwaukee Brewers in 2015 , the Seattle Mariners in 2016 , and the San Diego Padres in 2016 and 2017 .

neg: Alex Reyes Alexander Reyes ( born August 29 , 1994 ) is a Dominican American professional baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He was signed by the Cardinals as an amateur free agent in December 2012 , and made his MLB debut for them August 9 , 2016 .   The Cardinals ' top prospect entering both the 2015 and 2016 seasons , Baseball America named him the second-best prospect overall in their 2016 mid-season ranking . He has played in two All-Star Futures Games and was one of two Cardinals ' Co-Minor League Pitchers of the Year in 2015 .

neg: Roger Bailey Charles Roger Bailey ( born October 3 , 1970 ) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher . He is an alumnus of Florida State University .   Drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the 3rd round of the 1992 MLB amateur draft , Bailey would make his Major League Baseball debut with the Colorado Rockies on April 27 , 1995 , and appeared in his final game on September 24 , 1997 .

neg: José Valdez (baseball, born 1990) José Alfredo Valdez ( born March 1 , 1990 ) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Detroit Tigers and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim .

neg: Wilson Álvarez Wilson Eduardo Álvarez Fuenmayor ( born March 24 , 1970 ) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player . He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher . During a thirteen-year baseball career , he pitched for the Texas Rangers , Chicago White Sox , San Francisco Giants , Tampa Bay Devil Rays , and Los Angeles Dodgers . Since 2013 , he has served as pitching coach for the Gulf Coast League Orioles .

neg: Alexei Ramírez Alexei Fernando Ramírez Rodriguez ( born September 22 , 1981 ) is a Cuban professional baseball shortstop who is a free agent . He has played for the Chicago White Sox , San Diego Padres and Tampa Bay Rays in MLB and Pinar del Rio of the Cuban National Series . His nickname , given to him by former White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén , is `` The Cuban Missile '' due to his tall , slim physique and combination of speed , power , and strong throwing arm .

neg: Jim Maler James Michael Maler ( born August 16 , 1958 in New York City ) is a former first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Seattle Mariners from to .   He was tall and he weighed 230 pounds .

neg: Manny Martínez (baseball) Manuel Martínez DeJesús ( born October 3 , 1970 ) is a Dominican former professional baseball outfielder . He played during four seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Philadelphia Phillies , Pittsburgh Pirates , and Montreal Expos . He also played three seasons in the Korea Baseball Organization ( KBO ) for the Samsung Lions and LG Twins .   Martínez was signed by the Oakland Athletics as an amateur free agent in . Martinez played his first professional season with their Class A ( Short Season ) Southern Oregon A 's in , and his last season with the independent Atlantic League 's Long Island Ducks in . He played his last affiliated season in for the Florida Marlins ' Triple-A affiliate , the Calgary Cannons .

neg: Edwar Ramírez Edwar Emilio Ramírez ( born March 28 , 1981 ) is a former Dominican professional baseball pitcher . Ramírez appeared in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a relief pitcher for the New York Yankees ( 2007 -- 2009 ) and Oakland Athletics ( 2010 ) . After finding himself out of baseball in 2004 , Ramírez revitalized his career by developing an effective changeup .   Originally a member of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim organization , Ramírez pitched for the Angels only in minor league baseball . The Angels released Ramírez before the 2004 season . After spending the next year mastering a changeup , he spent parts of the following two seasons in independent league baseball . Ramírez signed with the Yankees in 2006 , and made his MLB debut the next season . Ramírez enjoyed success and popularity among the fan base during the 2007 and 2008 seasons . He struggled in 2009 , and pitched for the Athletics early in the 2010 season before returning to minor league baseball in the Athletics organization . He pitched in the Mexican League in 2011 .

neg: Román Rodríguez Román Rodríguez ( born March 30 , 1966 , in San Mateo , Venezuela ) is a scout for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim .

neg: 1987 Major League Baseball draft The Major League Baseball Draft is the process by which Major League Baseball ( MLB ) teams select athletes to play for their organization . High school seniors , college juniors and seniors , and anyone who had never played under a professional contract were considered eligible for the draft . The 1987 MLB Draft took place as a conference call to the Commissioner of Baseball 's office in New York from June 2 -- 4 . As opposed to the National Football League Draft which appeared on ESPN , no network aired the MLB Draft .   The American League ( AL ) and the National League ( NL ) alternated picks throughout the first round ; because an NL team drafted first in the 1986 MLB Draft , an AL team had the first selection in 1987 . Having finished 67 -- 95 in 1986 , the Seattle Mariners had the worst record in the AL and thus obtained the first overall selection . The second selection went to the Pittsburgh Pirates , who had the worst record in the NL .   With the first overall pick , the Mariners drafted Ken Griffey , Jr. from Moeller High School . Griffey , Jr. became a 13-time All-Star and helped Seattle make its first postseason appearance in franchise history . Mark Merchant , the second overall pick , however , never played in a major league game . Two years after he was drafted , the Pirates traded Merchant to Seattle . Chicago White Sox ' first overall selection Jack McDowell won the 1993 Cy Young Award as Chicago made a League Championship Series appearance that year . The total number of athletes drafted , 1,263 , broke a record for the most players ever chosen in a draft . In total , 27 All-Stars were selected in 1987 , although not all signed a professional contract . , only two players from the draft has been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame -- Craig Biggio and Griffey , Jr. .

neg: Sam Gaviglio Samuel Joseph Gaviglio ( born May 22 , 1990 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Prior to playing professionally , he played college baseball for the Oregon State Beavers .


query: Charles Marie de La Condamine was born in 1701.

pos: Charles Marie de La Condamine Charles Marie de La Condamine ( 28 January 1701 -- 13 February 1774 ) was a French explorer , geographer , and mathematician . He spent ten years in present-day Ecuador measuring the length of a degree latitude at the equator and preparing the first map of the Amazon region based on astronomical observations . Furthermore he was a contributor to the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences , des arts et des métiers .

neg: Charles de Wailly Charles de Wailly ( -LSB- ʃaʁl də vaji -RSB- ) ( 9 November 1730 -- 2 November 1798 ) was a French architect and urbanist , and furniture designer , one of the principals in the Neoclassical revival of the Antique . His major work was the Théâtre de l'Odéon for the Comédie-Française ( 1779 -- 82 ) . In his designs , de Wailly showed a predilection for the perfect figure , the circle .

neg: Henri Charles du Cambout de Coislin Henri-Charles du Camboust ( 15 September 1665 , Paris -- 28 November 1732 ) was a French prelate . He was bishop of Metz from 1697 to 1732 , and duc de Coislin from 1710 .

neg: Duke of Marlborough (title) Duke of Marlborough ( -LSB- localaudio = En-uk-Marlborough . oggˈmɔːlbrə -RSB- ) is a title in the Peerage of England . It was created by Queen Anne in 1702 for John Churchill , 1st Earl of Marlborough ( 1650 -- 1722 ) , the noted military leader , and indeed an unqualified reference to the Duke of Marlborough in a historical text will almost certainly refer to him . The name of the dukedom refers to Marlborough in Wiltshire . It is one of the few titles in the peerage which allows for suo jure '' female inheritance , and the only current dukedom to do so .   The earldom of Marlborough was held by the family of Ley from its creation 1626 until its extinction with the death of the 4th earl in 1679 . The title was recreated 10 years later for John Churchill ( in 1689 ) .

neg: Antoine de Pas de Feuquières Antoine de Pas de Feuquières ( 16 April 1648 -- 27 January 1711 ) was a French soldier . He was the son of diplomat Isaac de Feuquières and grandson of Isaac Manasses de Pas , Marquis de Feuquieres .   He was conspicuous for his bravery in the army of Louis XIV , serving under Luxembourg , Turenne and Catinat .   He was involved in the Affair of the Poisons , when Adam Lesage alleged that he and his cousin François-Henri de Montmorency , duc de Luxembourg had asked Lesage to supply them with poison . He was examined in 1680 but no case was found against him : his military career was not impeded .   It was his action which determined the Battle of Neerwinden ( 1693 ) , in which he was lieutenant-general .  He was disgraced a few years later for speaking out too freely .  He then wrote his memoirs on the war , on which Voltaire based himself for his `` Siècle de Louis XIV '' .

neg: Antoine Halley Antoine Halley ( 1593 -- 3 June 1675 ) was a French professor and poet .   Halley was born at Bazenville near Bayeux . A professor of belles-lettres and Principal of the Collège du Bois , at the University of Caen , he succeeded Antoine Gosselin and distinguished himself from the age of twenty-two , by his eloquence and the brilliance of his teaching . He taught Latin poetry at the University of Caen , for nearly forty years . He cultivated Latin and French poetry and won the prize of the Immaculate Conception time and again so that the Académie des Sciences , Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen pleaded with him to quit competing .   Halley had ties with Charles de la Rue and Huet , the bishop of Avranches . The latter urged him to publish his poems . Huet , in his Origines de Caen , hailed him as mentor : `` I am obliged to give this testimony of gratitude to Mr. Halley . I deem it one of the greatest joys of my life to have been his disciple at his home for five years . He trained my mind , he refined my taste , he gave me an understanding of good authors . He taught me an infinite number of rare and curious things . '' Halley , in the meantime , professed no less esteem for his former student , sending him a poem a propos his book De Interpretatione . He also published a Traité sur la grammaire latine , at Caen in 1652 .   His collection of Poems is dedicated to the Duke of Montausier , the tutor of the dauphin and governor of Normandy . Cadomus , a play in which he paid tribute to all the literary celebrities born in his city , from Nicole Oresme , tutor of Charles V , to Pierre Patrix , the favorite poet of Gaston d'Orleans , is amongst his best .   When the chancellor Pierre Séguier , who had subdued the Harelle revolt of 1640 with undue harshness , made his way to Caen , Halley sent him far too flattering a couplet for the occasion . In 1642 , he thanked him for having increased the privileges of the Académie de Caen , founded by Moisant de Brieux . He addressed the Dauphin a long letter in Latin verse reminding him about the origins of the kings of France and celebrating the Trojan kings Dardanus , Erichthonius , Tros , Ilus , Laomedon and Priam , the supposed ancestors of Louis XIV .   A few letters written at Lisieux by Jean-Pierre Camus , the bishop of Belley have been found in his works . One of them is dated thus : `` At Lisieux , on November 22nd , the day of St. Cecilia , patron saint of music , sister of poetry .   When the Duchesse de Longueville came to Caen in 1648 , Halley was commissioned to compose the verses that decorated the tables placed at city 's expense on the way of the Duchess and her two children . In 1649 , during the famous Jobelins and Uranists Quarrel , Aubert , the princess ' chaplain , sent him the Voiture and Benserade 's sonnets , to get his opinion , as the French Academy had refused to get involved . That grave matter had been evoked before the very king , queen and princes , who were not able to settle it . It was then agreed that it was necessary to submit it to Halley whose decision would be final . The latter found in favor of Voiture against Benserade , i.e. in favor of the Duchesse de Longueville .   Pierre Bayle has proclaimed Halley to be `` one of the greatest poets of his century '' ; even if his French poetry is weak , his Latin rhymes lack neither ease nor elegance . La Rue , Huet , Gilles Ménage , Lesueur de Pétiville , Pierre Cailly , and Michel Gonfrey have composed Latin verses in his honor .

neg: Henri Nouvel Henri Nouvel ( 1621 or 1624 in Pezenas , Herault ( France ) -- between October 1701 and October 1702 at the St. Francis Xavier Mission  near Baie des Puants ) was a Jesuit priest who spent forty years as a missionary to Native American communities of New France . Nouvel was the first missionary on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River ; and he visited Saginaw 26 years before the French built a fort in Detroit ( 1701 ) .   Nouvel was already a priest when he entered the Jesuit order in August 1648 , and performed religious functions in France until 1662 . He sailed for New France in 1662 as a missionary , arriving in Quebec in August 1662 . During his first year in North America , he devoted himself to learning Indian languages . At the end of 1663 , he established his first mission in the Rimouski area . Between 1664 and 1669 , he did missionary work in the Montagnais territory at Lake Manicouagan .   In 1671 , he was sent from to the Jesuit missions in the Great Lakes amongst the Odawa people . Nouvel made several trips to various Native American communities before being appointed superior of the Jesuit missions to the Ottowas in the region in 1672 . He was `` superior of the Ottowa mission '' , a position he would hold from 1672 to 1680 ( with a two-year break in 1678-1679 ) , and again from 1688 to 1695 . In 1673 , he informed Governor Louis de Buade de Frontenac about fur trading threats with the Indians . In 1674-75 , he divided his time between Mission Sainte-Marie and St. Ignace Mission , but was stationed at St. Ignace in 1677 and 1678 . He traveled between the Amikwa , Odawa , and Saginaw . He attended the burial of Father Jacques Marquette in 1677 at the St. Ignace Mission .   Between 1688 and 1695 , during his second term as superior of the Outaouais mission , Nouvel intervened in the conflict between the Jesuit missionaries and Antoine Laumet de La Mothe , sieur de Cadillac over raids on Native American warriors and trafficking of Eau de vie . During most of his last twenty years of ministry , he lived at the mission of St. Francis Xavier Mission near Green Bay , where he died between late 1701 and October 1702 .   Pointe-au-Père , Quebec ( English : Father Point ) is named after Henri Nouvel , who celebrated the first mass there in 1663 .

neg: Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death .   In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation .   Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom .   Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War .   Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .

neg: Charles Simon Favart Charles Simon Favart ( 13 November 1710 -- 12 May 1792 ) was a French playwright .   Born in Paris , the son of a pastry-cook , he was educated at the college of Louis-le-Grand , and after his father 's death he carried on the business for a time . His first success in literature was La France delivrée par la Pucelle d'Orléans , a poem about Joan of Arc which obtained a prize of the Académie des Jeux Floraux . After the production of his first vaudeville , Les Deux Jumelles ( 1734 ) , circumstances enabled him to relinquish business and devote himself entirely to the drama . He provided many pieces anonymously for the lesser theatres , and first put his name to La Chercheuse d'esprit , which was produced in 1741 .   Among his most successful works were Annette et Lubin , Le Coq du milage ( 1743 ) , Ninette à la cour ( 1753 ) , Les Trois Sultanes ( 1761 ) and L'Anglais de Bordeaux ( 1763 ) . Favart became director of the Opéra-Comique , and in 1745 married Marie Justine Benoîte Duronceray , a beautiful young dancer , singer and actress , who as `` Mlle Chantilly '' had made a successful début the year before . By their united talents and labours , the Opéra-Comique rose to such a height of success that it aroused the jealousy of the rival Comédie-Française and was suppressed .   Favart , left thus without resources , accepted the proposal of Maurice , comte de Saxe , and became director of a troupe of comedians which was to accompany Maurice 's army into Flanders . It was part of his duty to compose from time to time impromptu verses on the events of the campaign , amusing and stimulating the spirits of the men . So popular were Favart and his troupe that the enemy became desirous of hearing his company and sharing his services , and permission was given to gratify them , battles and comedies thus curiously alternating with each other .   The marshal , an admirer of Mme Favart , began to pay her unwanted attentions . To escape him she went to Paris , and the wrath of Saxe fell upon the husband . A lettre de cachet was issued against him , but he fled to Strasbourg and found concealment in a cellar .   Favart survived his wife by twenty years . After the marshal 's death in 1750 he returned to Paris and resumed his pursuits as a dramatist . It was at this time that he became friendly with the abbé de Voisenon , who helped him with his work , to what extent is uncertain . He had grown nearly blind in his last days , and died in Paris .   His plays have been republished in various editions and selections ( 1763-1772 , 12 vols. ; 1810 , 3 vols. ; 1813 ; 1853 ) . His correspondence ( 1759-1763 ) with Count Durazzo , director of theatres at Vienna , was published in 1808 as Mémoires et correspondance littéraire , dramatique et anecdotique de CS Favart . It furnishes valuable information on the state of the literary and theatrical worlds in the 18th century .

neg: Charles de La Fosse Charles de La Fosse ( or Lafosse ) ( June 15 , 1636 -- December 13 , 1716 ) , French painter , was born in Paris .

neg: 1701 in France Events from the year 1701 in France .

neg: Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon ( Anne Louise Bénédicte ; 8 November 1676 -- 23 January 1753 ) , was the daughter of Henri Jules de Bourbon , Prince of Condé and Anne Henriette of Bavaria . As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon , she was a princesse du sang . Forced to marry the Duke of Maine , legitimised son of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan , she revelled in politics and the arts , and held a popular salon at the Hôtel du Maine as well as at the Château de Sceaux .

neg: Henri Jules, Prince of Condé Henri Jules de Bourbon ( Paris , 29 July 1643 -- Paris , 1 April 1709 ) was prince de Condé , from 1686 to his death . At the end of his life he suffered from clinical lycanthropy and was considered insane .

neg: Charles Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester Charles Edward Montagu , 1st Duke of Manchester PC ( c. 1662 -- 20 January 1722 ) , previously 4th Earl of Manchester , son of Robert Montagu , 3rd Earl of Manchester , was educated at Trinity College , Cambridge , and succeeded to his father 's earldom in 1683 . Warmly sympathizing with the Whig revolution of 1688 , he attended William and Mary at their coronation , and fought under William at the Boyne .   In 1697 , he was sent as an envoy to Venice to try to procure the release of British sailors , but the Venetians proved unwilling to negotiate . On his return in 1698 , he was appointed a privy councillor . The following year he was sent as British ambassador to France , remaining there until the outreak of war in 1701 . He was then briefly appointed Secretary of State for the Southern Department , a post he held between January and May 1702 . He was then out of office until again sent to Venice , as ambassador , but during his time there in 1707 and 1708 , this negotiations ( to persuade Venice to adhere to the Grand Alliance ) were again unsuccessful .   In 1714 he received an appointment in the household of George I , by whom on 28 April 1719 he was created Duke of Manchester . In 1719 he was one of the main subscribers to the Royal Academy of Music ( 1719 ) , a corporation that produced baroque opera on the stage . He died on 20 January 1722 . He was the father of both the 2nd Duke of Manchester and the 3rd Duke of Manchester .

neg: Josué de la Place Josué de la Place ( also , Josua Placeus ; c. 1596 -- August 17 , 1665 or possibly 1655 ) was a French theologian who was born at Saumur . He became pastor at Nantes in 1625 and was professor of theology at the Academy of Saumur from 1633 till his death .   Placeus together with Moise Amyraut and Louis Cappel belong , as followers of John Cameron , to that theological movement at Saumur which in contrast with the orthodox Academy of Sedan sought to moderate Calvinistic doctrine by emphasizing the ethical and common human elements , without , however , departing from the fundamental principles .   From the supreme value of the accountability of every human soul , Placeus especially drew the conclusion against the imputation of Adam 's actual sin . In defense of the doctrine that the sin of Adam could be reckoned to his descendants only as mediated by the inherited sinful subjective state he pointed out that John Calvin knew nothing of an immediate imputation and that the same was denied by Pietro Martire and Daniel Chamier , but did not go so far as to justify himself by the view of Huldrych Zwingli that hereditary guilt was no more than the guilt of every individual . The national synod of Charenton ( 1644 ) under the leadership of Antoine Garissoles , representing the constituency of Montauban , opposed this assertion by adopting a decree to be subscribed by all pastors and candidates . Placeus issued later his vindication , Disputatio de imputatione primi peccati Adami ( Saumur , 1655 ) . The national synod of Loudun , in 1659 , withdrew all threatening measures of discipline , but the Zurich orthodoxy did not rest content until in the Helvetic Consensus of 1675 it repudiated with Saumurism as a whole the mere `` imputation mediate and consequent . ''

neg: Charles Churchill (British Army officer, born 1656) General Charles Churchill ( 2 February 1656 -- 29 December 1714 ) was an English politician and army officer who served during the War of the Spanish Succession . He was a brother of John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough .

neg: 1696 in France Events from the year 1696 in France