query: Usher moved to a state.

pos: Usher (musician) Usher Raymond IV ( born October 14 , 1978 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and actor . Born in Dallas , Texas but raised and lived in Chattanooga , Tennessee until moving to Atlanta , Georgia . At the age of 12 , his mother put him in local singing competitions , before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records . In 1994 , he released his self-titled debut album , Usher . He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his sophomore album My Way ( 1997 ) , which spawned his first U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , `` Nice & Slow '' , amongst top-two singles `` You Make Me Wan na ... '' and `` My Way '' . 8701 ( 2001 ) produced the number-one singles `` U Remind Me '' and `` U Got It Bad '' , and top-three single `` U Do n't Have to Call '' . It sold 8 million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003 .   Confessions ( 2004 ) established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade , selling 20 million copies worldwide . Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ; `` Yeah ! '' , `` Burn '' , `` Confessions Part II '' , and `` My Boo '' , it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA . Here I Stand ( 2008 ) and Raymond v. Raymond ( 2010 ) , debuted atop of the Billboard 200 , and produced the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` Love in This Club '' and `` OMG '' . The EP , Versus , also produced the Hot 100 top-five single `` DJ Got Us Fallin ' in Love '' . Looking 4 Myself ( 2012 ) , also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart and produced the Hot 100 top-ten single `` Scream '' . Raymond v. Raymond and Looking 4 Myself received Grammy Awards for R&B singles `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Climax '' . Hard II Love ( 2016 ) peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 albums chart .   Usher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States . To date , his worldwide sales stand at 43 million albums and 75 million records overall , making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time . Usher has won numerous awards and accolades including 18 Billboard Music Awards and 8 Grammy Awards . At the end of 2009 , Billboard named him the second most successful artist of the 2000s decade , the number-one Hot 100 artist of the 2000s decade , and ranked Confessions as the top solo album of the 2000s decade . Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of `` Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years '' . Usher has attained 9 US Hot 100 number-one singles . Considered an icon and sex symbol , he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame and Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2008 , he started his own record label Raymond-Braun Media Group ( RBMG ) ; a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber .

neg: Wake Up and Say Goodbye Wake Up and Say Goodbye is the sixth album by solo artist David Usher , released on September 23 , 2008 . Was nominated for a Juno award in 2009 for `` Pop Album of the Year '' .

neg: Governor of Vermont The Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont is the head of the government of the state . The governor is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years . Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are now the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years , instead of every four as in the other 48 states . There is no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve . If no candidate receives at least 50 percent plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election , the governor is then elected by the state legislature .   The incumbent governor is Phil Scott . He was sworn in on Thursday January 5 , 2017 , becoming Vermont 's 82nd Governor .   The governor 's working offices are located in The Pavilion in the state capital of Montpelier , Vermont . The governor 's ceremonial office , used during the legislative session of the General Assembly , is located in the Vermont State House , also in Montpelier .   The Constitution of Vermont details the powers of the governor :  To commission or appoint all officers ( `` except where provision is , or shall be , otherwise made by law or this Frame of Government '' )  To fill all vacancies in office until the office can be filled in the manner directed by state constitution or by state law  To correspond with other States  To `` transact business with officers of government , civil and military ''  To `` prepare such business as may appear necessary , to lay before the General Assembly .  To grant pardons and remit fines , except for cases of treason , in which the Governor may only grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly , and for cases of impeachment , in which the Governor can not grant either reprieves or pardons  To `` take care that the laws be faithfully executed '' and `` expedite the execution of such measures as may be resolved upon by the General Assembly ''  To `` draw upon the Treasury for such sums as may be appropriated by the General Assembly ''  To `` lay embargoes , or prohibit the exportation of any commodity '' for up to 30 days during a recess of the General Assembly  To `` grant such licenses as shall be directed by law ''  To call special sessions of the General Assembly when necessary  To be the `` Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief '' of the `` forces of the State '' ( the Vermont State Guard and Vermont National Guard ) , although the Governor can not `` command in person , in time of war , or insurrection , unless by the advice and consent of the Senate , and no longer than they shall approve thereof ''   There is a separately-elected Lieutenant Governor of Vermont . The Lieutenant Governor becomes the new Governor , if the incumbent Governor dies , resigns or is removed ( via impeachment ) from office . The Lieutenant Governor is also the Lieutenant-General of the `` forces of the State . ''

neg: Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations .   Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities .   Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .

neg: Seal of Nevada The Great Seal of the State of Nevada is derived from the Seal of the Territory of Nevada . As Nevada prepared for statehood in 1864 , its Constitutional Convention began to formalize the features of the state 's official seel . Nevada was admitted as a state on October 31 , 1864 by proclamation of President Abraham Lincoln . On February 24 , 1866 , the motto `` Volens et Potens '' ( `` Willing and Able '' ) was replaced by `` All for Our Country '' . The design of the seal was formalized , and Nevada 's mineral resources are featured with a silver miner and his team moving a carload of ore from a mountain in the foreground . A quartz mill stands before another mountain . Transportation and communication are symbolized by a train steaming across the background , with telegraph poles spanning the distance . Agriculture is represented by a sheaf of wheat , a sickle , and a plow in the foreground . Nevada 's natural environment is symbolized by a brilliant sun rising over snow-capped peaks . The inner circle of the seal carries the motto `` All for Our Country '' , and Nevada 's entry into the Union as the 36th state is shown with 36 stars completing the inner ring . The perimeter of the seal proclaims `` The Great Seal of the State of Nevada '' . Mark Twain was said to have convinced the designer to make the two trails of smoke blow in opposite directions as a prank , which was later rectified when the mistake was realized .

neg: List of cities in Indiana Indiana is a state located in the Midwestern United States . Except as noted , all cities are `` third-class '' cities with a seven-member city council and an elected clerk-treasurer . `` Second-class '' cities had a population of at least 35,000 and up to 600,000 at time of designation , and have a nine-member city council and an elected clerk . Indianapolis is the only `` first-class '' city in Indiana under state law , making it subject to a consolidated city-county government known as Unigov . To become a city of any class , however , a settlement must have a population of at least 2,000 .

neg: Judiciary Act of 1802 The United States Judiciary Act of 1802 ( 2 Stat . 156 ) was a Federal statute , enacted on April 29 , 1802 , to reorganize the federal court system . It restored some elements of the Judiciary Act of 1801 , which had been adopted by the Federalist majority in the previous Congress , but was repealed by the Democratic-Republican majority earlier in 1802 .   The Act restructured the circuit courts into six circuits , and assigned one Supreme Court justice to each circuit . Unlike the 1801 Act , no new circuit judgeships were created , so the justices were faced with having to return to the practice of `` riding circuit '' to hold court in each district within their circuit , along with the local district judge , during the majority of the year . No circuit courts were created for the judicial districts of Kentucky , Tennessee , Maine , or the territories , although the 1801 Act would have done so .   Since the circuit courts were now to consist of only two judges , the Act permitted them to certify to the Supreme Court any question of law on which the two could not agree . Also , the district judge was not permitted to hear appeals of his own decisions , so appeals from the district courts were decided by the circuit justice alone . But the most important part of the Act was the provision that a quorum of only one judge was needed to convene a circuit court . As a result , Supreme Court justices could often rely on district court judges to convene circuit courts . With circuit riding largely optional , Supreme Court justices were no longer saddled with what they had previously felt was a tremendous burden . The Act 's flexibility proved crucial to the demise of circuit riding , which essentially disappeared by 1840 .   The Act also created additional district courts by dividing the District of North Carolina into the districts of Albemarle , Cape Fear , and Pamptico , and by dividing the District of Tennessee into the Eastern and Western Districts of Tennessee . No new judgeships were created for these courts ; however , the district judges in North Carolina and Tennessee had to hold court in each district within their state , and the North Carolina judge also had to sit on the circuit court ( which , however , continued to sit for the state as a whole , not in the separate district court districts ) .   The Act established a United States District Court for the District of Columbia , although this court is not the direct predecessor of today 's court bearing the same name .

neg: Irwin "Ike" H. Hoover Irwin Hood Hoover , ( October 24 , 1871 -- September 14 , 1933 ) , also known as `` Ike , '' served as the White House Chief Usher from 1909 to 1933 . He served in the White House for 42 years and as Usher for 29 years , and both records remain unbroken as of 2016 .

neg: Rico Love Richard `` Rico '' Preston Butler , Jr. ( born December 3 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Rico Love , is an American songwriter , record producer and singer . He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , but split his childhood between Milwaukee , Wisconsin and New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . He attended Florida A&M and , while visiting Atlanta , Georgia , worked his way into the music industry through connections with Usher , who would become Love 's mentor . The first song Love ever wrote in his career was `` Throwback '' for which ended up on Usher 's 2004 album `` Confessions . '' Love success continued writing and producing hit records such as Usher 's `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) '' , Nelly 's `` Just a Dream '' and `` Gone '' , as well as Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Sweet Dreams '' . and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé 's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am ... Sasha Fierce , Usher 's 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v. Raymond , and Usher 's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance `` There Goes My Baby '' . In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland , Diddy -- Dirty Money , Chris Brown , Alexandra Burke , Keri Hilson , Fergie , and Fantasia .   Love is also the CEO of Division1 , a record label which partnered with Interscope Records in 2013 . Love has appeared as a featured artist on records with T.I. , Usher , Jermaine Dupri , Jamie Foxx , Rich Boy , and Fat Joe .

neg: Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .

neg: Lil Freak `` Lil Freak '' is a song by American recording artist Usher , taken from his sixth studio album , Raymond v. Raymond . Featuring guest vocals by Trinidadian recording artist Nicki Minaj , the song was written by her , Usher , Ester Dean , Blac Elvis and Polow da Don , the latter two producing the track . Its hook is based on a manipulated sample of American soul musician Stevie Wonder 's 1973 hit , `` Living for the City '' . `` Lil Freak '' was released as the second single from the album in the United States and Canada on March 2 , 2010 .   Carrying a dark tone , composed of heavy bass beats derived from R&B and hip hop music , the lyrics are about the thrill of orchestrating a ménage à trois in a club . The song received positive reviews from critics who complimented its sensual nature . It peaked at number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 , and eight on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs , becoming Usher 's 16th top ten hit on the latter chart . The song 's accompanying music video has a secret society concept , dealing with an underground club , playing on the storyline of the song .

neg: State of the Nation (Industry song) `` State of the Nation '' is a song by American band Industry taken from their final studio album Stranger to Stranger . The song peaked at # 10 in Sweden and # 1 in Italy . It also became a big hit in the Philippines . In the US , the song peaked at # 81 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart .

neg: Old National Pike Milestones The `` Old National Pike Milestones '' marked each mile of the old National Road in Maryland , an eastern coastal state of the United States , from its dominating city of Baltimore to major towns of western Maryland , as Frederick , and between it and Hagerstown , to Hancock , through to Cumberland in the western panhandle of the state in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains . The surviving stones have been included in the `` National Register of Historic Places '' , maintained by the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior , and may be seen along the route variously designated as U.S. Route 40 , Maryland Route 144 , Alternate U.S. Route 40 , and several other roads that trace the path of the original `` Old National Pike '' . From Baltimore to Cumberland , the road was surveyed and laid out with construction in several phases over different periods of time by several turnpike companies , chartered by the General Assembly of Maryland beginning in 1808 . Earlier in 1806 , the United States Congress with the approval of third President Thomas Jefferson , authorized the surveying and further construction of a `` national road '' to continue on from Cumberland on the upstream of the Potomac River further to the west across additional mountainous ranges in the Allegheny Mountains to the newly admitted State of Ohio ( admitted 1803 as the seventeenth state ) . Later the congressional action was amended to direct the road to the state boundaries on the Ohio River and it eventually landed at Wheeling , Virginia . In later decades , the road was extended west across Ohio , Indiana and into the Illinois Country , to eventually terminate by the 1840s in Vandalia , the territorial capital of Illinois , just east of the Mississippi River , and northeast of the newly emergent , frontier river port metropolis of St. Louis of the Missouri Territory and the former Louisiana Purchase of 1803 to the west .   The `` Old Pike '' milestones in Maryland are about 30 inches tall , twelve inches wide and eight inches deep , with rounded tops and the inscription XX miles to B , referring to the distance to Baltimore , the road 's terminus . The composition of the stones varies , with the first 39 milestones of Baltimore gneiss from the area of Ellicott City . Stones from Frederick to Boonsboro are quartzite from the area of the Monocacy River . A unique white limestone with a distinctive inscription was employed from Boonsboro to Hagerstown , while west of Hagerstown the stones are gray limestone .   Sixty-nine stones still remained on the `` Old National Pike '' at the time the stones were nominated to the National Register .

neg: Usher Hall The Usher Hall is a concert hall , situated on Lothian Road , in the west end of Edinburgh , Scotland . It has hosted concerts and events since its construction in 1914 and can hold approximately 2,200 people in its recently restored auditorium , which is well loved by performers due to its acoustics . The Hall is flanked by The Royal Lyceum Theatre on the right and The Traverse Theatre on the left . Historic Scotland has registered the Hall with Category A listed building status .

neg: Illinois Executive Mansion The Illinois Executive Mansion is the official residence of the Governor of Illinois . It is located at 410 E. Jackson Street in Springfield , Illinois and is open to tours on Wednesdays and Saturday mornings , free of charge . The Georgian style Mansion was designed by Chicago architect John M. Van Osdel . The Mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 .   The 16-room manor was completed in 1855 and was first occupied by governor Joel Matteson , who held the official grand opening on January 10 , 1856 . It is one of the oldest historic residences in the state of Illinois and one of the three oldest continuously occupied governor 's mansions in the United States . The governor 's mansion is constructed in an `` H '' shaped configuration .   During the Christmas season the mansion is decorated lavishly with Christmas decorations , including over a dozen Christmas trees .   Although sometimes used for state functions such as state dinners and the like , the mansion proper is , for the most part , a historic site . The libraries , bedrooms , parlors , sitting rooms , etc. are maintained as they may have looked in the 19th century . The governor and his family are not expected to actually reside in the main mansion itself . Rather , a 7-room private apartment on the second floor of the mansion is provided for the governor and his family .   Former Illinois Governor George Ryan and First Lady Lura Lynn Ryan refurbished much of the mansion 's furniture during their tenure using private donations . In 2011 , a multimillion-dollar renovation was planned because the last repairs to the mansion were in 1971 .   In 2009 , newly elevated Governor Pat Quinn announced that he was looking forward to living in the mansion , calling it `` the people 's house . '' His predecessor Rod Blagojevich had continued to live in his Ravenswood Manor , Chicago home while commuting via state plane to Springfield and preferred to execute his gubernatorial duties from within his home and , less commonly , the Governor 's office in Chicago 's Thompson Center .   The 2014 polar vortex led to significant water damage to the mansion , and Governor Quinn , who chose to live in the mansion part-time , allocated about $ 40,000 in emergency repairs . Shortly after his election as governor , Bruce Rauner announced that he and his wife would invest some of their money into repairing the mansion so they could live in it during his term . On July 18 , 2016 , Illinois First Lady Diana Rauner announced a $ 15 million renovation project for the mansion , with the funding being raised privately . The work is planned to be completed by the Illinois bicentennial in 2018 .

neg: Maine's 1st congressional district special election, 1820 A special election was held in Maine 's 1st congressional district on November 7 , 1820 to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of John Holmes . Holmes had been elected under the authority of the State of Massachusetts to that state 's former , part of the District of Maine . When , on March 15 , 1820 , the former District was granted statehood as the State of Maine , Holmes was elected one of its first two Senators . Under the act admitting Maine as a state , seven seats were moved from Massachusetts to Maine for the 17th Congress , and any vacancies in the 16th Congress that arose in seats held by residents of Maine were to be filled by residents of the new state .   The special election was held on the same date as the general elections for the 17th Congress .

neg: O visa An O visa is a classification of non-immigrant temporary worker visa granted by the United States to an alien `` who possesses extraordinary ability in the sciences , arts , education , business , or athletics , or who has a demonstrated record of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry and has been recognized nationally or internationally for those achievements , '' and to certain assistants and immediate family members of such aliens .   According to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services , there are three types of O visas :  O-1A -- individuals with an extraordinary ability in the sciences , education , business , or athletics ( not including the arts , motion pictures or television industry )  O-1B -- individuals with an extraordinary ability in the arts or extraordinary achievement in motion picture or television industry .  O-2 -- individuals who will accompany an O-1 , artist or athlete , to assist in a specific event or performance . `` For an O-1A , the O-2 's assistance must be an ` integral part ' of the O-1A 's activity . For an O-1B , the O-2 's assistance must be ` essential ' to the completion of the O-1B 's production . The O-2 worker has critical skills and experience with the O-1 that can not be readily performed by a U.S. worker and which are essential to the successful performance of the O-1 . ''  O-3 -- individuals who are the spouse or children of O-1s and O-2s .   An O-1 visa is initially granted for up to three years . Subsequently , it can be extended for one year at a time . There is no limit to the number of extensions that may be granted . The term `` O-1 '' refers to ( O ) ( i ) , added by section 207 ( a ) of the Immigration Act of 1990 , which provides for the admission of `` aliens of extraordinary ability '' in the stated fields . Spouses and dependent children of O-1 visa holders do not receive the status , but instead qualify for O-3 visas .   The O-1 visa legislation was drafted in 1990 by former Connecticut congressman Bruce Morrison .

neg: Afroyim v. Rusk Afroyim v. Rusk , , is a major United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that citizens of the United States may not be deprived of their citizenship involuntarily . The U.S. government had attempted to revoke the citizenship of Beys Afroyim , a man born in Poland , because he had cast a vote in an Israeli election after becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen . The Supreme Court decided that Afroyim 's right to retain his citizenship was guaranteed by the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution . In so doing , the Court struck down a federal law mandating loss of U.S. citizenship for voting in a foreign election -- thereby overruling one of its own precedents , Perez v. Brownell ( 1958 ) , in which it had upheld loss of citizenship under similar circumstances less than a decade earlier .   The Afroyim decision opened the way for a wider acceptance of dual ( or multiple ) citizenship in United States law . The Bancroft Treaties -- a series of agreements between the United States and other nations which had sought to limit dual citizenship following naturalization -- were eventually abandoned after the Carter administration concluded that Afroyim and other Supreme Court decisions had rendered them unenforceable .   The impact of Afroyim v. Rusk was narrowed by a later case , Rogers v. Bellei ( 1971 ) , in which the Court determined that the Fourteenth Amendment safeguarded citizenship only when a person was born or naturalized in the United States , and that Congress retained authority to regulate the citizenship status of a person who was born outside the United States to an American parent . However , the specific law at issue in Rogers v. Bellei -- a requirement for a minimum period of U.S. residence that Bellei had failed to satisfy -- was repealed by Congress in 1978 . As a consequence of revised policies adopted in 1990 by the United States Department of State , it is now ( in the words of one expert ) `` virtually impossible to lose American citizenship without formally and expressly renouncing it . ''

neg: Diploma privilege In the United States , the diploma privilege is a method for lawyers to be admitted to the bar without taking a bar examination . Once used by as many as 32 U.S. states and the District of Columbia , Wisconsin is currently the longest-running state that offers a broad diploma privilege for admission to its state bar . New Hampshire has offered diploma privilege to students that attend the state 's only law school since 2008 . Originally used as a method to foster the growth of formal legal education , the privilege started to fall into disuse early in the 20th century , in common with the tightening of requirements in other learned professions . The privilege was abolished in California in 1917 . Most recently , West Virginia did away with the privilege in 1988 , preceded by Montana and South Dakota in 1983 and Mississippi in 1981 .   In 25 states , attorneys who were initially admitted to practice by another state 's diploma privilege are eligible for admission to the state bar on motion of the admission committee .

neg: Laurel Summit State Park Laurel Summit State Park is a 6 acre Pennsylvania state park in Cook Township , Westmoreland County , Pennsylvania in the United States . It is also a picnic area with a scenic view of Linn Run on the summit of Laurel Mountain . The temperatures at Laurel Summit State Park are generally several degrees cooler than the surrounding towns in the valleys . The elevation of the park is 2739 ft above sea level .   The area in and surrounding Laurel Summit State Park is now a thriving second growth forest . One hundred years ago it was generally described as a `` waste land '' . The ridges of the Laurel Mountain had once been covered with old-growth forest . These forests were clear cut during the lumber era that swept over most of the mountains and forests of Pennsylvania during the mid-to-late 19th century and very early 20th century . The lumberman stripped the mountains . They took the logs to the sawmill where they were cut into lumber . Smaller logs were used to reinforce the mine shafts of the many coal mines throughout southwestern Pennsylvania and West Virginia . The bark of the hemlock tree was used as a source of tannin at the tanneries of the area . The only thing the lumbermen left behind was the treetops . These tree tops were left to dry . The passing steam locomotives of the Pittsburgh , Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad would ignite this dry brush causing massive wildfires that swept through the mountains and valleys . In 1909 , after the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania had purchased the land from the lumberman , Forester John R. Williams reported , `` I should say that fully three-fifths ( 60 % ) of the reserve had been burned since the lumbering was done . The fires did great damage to the young growth . Some places were covered with nothing but ferns and blackberry bushes . '' Scars from these fires can still be seen today in the Laurel Summit vicinity .   Most of the wildlife in the area was devastated due to the destruction of their habitat or over hunting . White-tailed deer were imported from Michigan and New York to reestablish what had once been a thriving population of deer . These deer were released throughout Pennsylvania . The current population of deer in Pennsylvania are descended from the original stock that was introduced in 1910 after the lumberman had moved out of the area .

neg: Ward (law) In law , a ward is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian . The wardship jurisdiction is an ancient jurisdiction derived from the Crown 's duty as parens patriae to protect his/her subject , and particularly those unable to look after themselves . In the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms , the Queen as parens patriae is mother for all the children in her realms . A court may take responsibility for the legal protection of an individual , usually either a child or incapacitated person , in which case the ward is known as a ward of the court or a ward of the state . However , the House of Lords in the case of Re F ( Mental Patient : Sterilisation ) held that the Queen has no parens patriae jurisdiction with regard to mentally handicapped adults .   In Australia , New Zealand and the United States , the child is termed a ward of the court . In Ireland and the United Kingdom `` the '' is not used ; the ward is thus termed a ward of court . In Canada the legal term is Crown ward .   Children who are in the custody of government departments , also known as foster care , become wards of the respective government entity , and in the US wards of the states in which they reside . The government or state is in loco parentis to the child , which generally entails assuming all lawful authority to make medical and legal decisions on the child 's behalf .


query: Josh Duhamel was born in November 14th, 1972.

pos: Josh Duhamel Joshua David Duhamel ( -LSB- dəˈmɛl -RSB- ; born November 14 , 1972 ) is an American actor and former fashion model . After various modeling work , he made his acting debut as Leo du Pres on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children and later starred as Danny McCoy on NBC 's Las Vegas .   Duhamel then ventured into film , appearing as one of the main protagonists in the first three films of the Transformers film series ; reprising his role in the fifth film , Transformers : The Last Knight ( 2017 ) . He has also appeared in When in Rome ( 2010 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , New Year 's Eve ( 2011 ) , Safe Haven ( 2013 ) , and You 're Not You ( 2014 ) . In 2015 , Duhamel co-starred on the short-lived CBS crime drama Battle Creek .

neg: The Historical Conquests of Josh Ritter The Historical Conquests of Josh Ritter is the fifth full-length album by American singer-songwriter Josh Ritter . It was released in the U.S. on August 21 , 2007 , in Ireland on September 7 , 2007 through Independent Records , and released in the rest of Europe on October 1 , 2007 by V2 Records . By July 26 , 2007 , the album had leaked onto P2P file-sharing websites .   The record was recorded in a Maine farmhouse dating to the 18th century . According to Ritter : `` Lyrically , musically , and in terms of production , it 's the most adventurous record I 've made yet and I think when you hear it you 're going to be surprised . Seriously , repeatedly , and in a good way . ''

neg: Josh Chomik Josh Chomik ( born August 24 , 1992 ) , most known by his pseudonym Thecomputernerd01 , is an American online YouTube personality known for his comedy music . He is particularly well known for developing parody music and videos about advertisements that are beneficial for companies such as Coca-Cola , in order to raise money for college . He currently lives in New Jersey .   Of Chomik 's work , The Washington Post Fiona Zublin commented that his performances appear to have been `` nonsensical '' .   He currently has over 1.3 million subscribers on his YouTube Channel .   Chomik revealed on an episode of Youtubers React that he is a Christian .

neg: Waylon Payne Waylon Malloy Payne ( born April 5 , 1972 ) is an American country singer , songwriter , musician and actor . He is the son of the country singer Sammi Smith .

neg: Jeff Driskel Jeffrey M. Driskel ( born April 23 , 1993 ) is an American football quarterback for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Florida and Louisiana Tech . He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 2016 NFL Draft .

neg: Adanna Duru Adanna Duru ( born October 10 , 1996 ) is an American singer from Diamond Bar , California who placed in tenth on the fourteenth season of American Idol . She also participated on Adam Levine 's team on season three of The Voice .

neg: Josh Groban Joshua `` Josh '' Winslow Groban ( born February 27 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , and record producer . His first four solo albums have been certified multi-platinum , and he was charted in 2007 as the number-one best selling artist in the United States , with over 22.3 million records in the nation . As of 2012 , he has sold over 25 million records worldwide . Now in 2017 it is more than 35 million .   Groban originally studied acting , but moved to singing as his voice developed . Groban attended the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts , a free public school on the campus of California State University , Los Angeles , where students receive a conservatory-style education .   David Foster called Groban to stand in for an ailing Andrea Bocelli to rehearse a duet , `` The Prayer '' , with Celine Dion at the rehearsal for the 1998 Grammy Awards . Rosie O'Donnell immediately invited him to appear on her talk show . Foster asked him to sing at the California Governor 's Gray Davis ' 1999 inauguration . He was cast on Ally McBeal by the show 's creator , David E. Kelley , performing `` You 're Still You '' for the 2001 season 4 finale .

neg: Chad Allen (actor) Chad Allen ( born June 5 , 1974 ) is an American actor . Beginning his career at the age of seven , Allen is a three-time Young Artist Award winner and GLAAD Media Award honoree . He was a teen idol during the late 1980s as David Witherspoon on the NBC family drama Our House and as Zach Nichols on the NBC sitcom My Two Dads before transitioning to an adult career as Matthew Cooper on the CBS western drama Dr. Quinn : Medicine Woman . He announced his retirement from acting in April 2015 .

neg: Louis-Philippe Dury Louis-Philippe Dury ( born June 23 , 1992 ) is a Quebecers film and television actor .

neg: Gary King (director) Gary R. King ( born November 15 , 1972 ) is an American director and writer .

neg: Jamel Debbouze Jamel Debbouze ( جمال دبوز , ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⴷⴱⴱⵓⵣ ; born 18 June 1975 ) is a French-Moroccan actor , comedian , producer , director , and screenwriter .

neg: 2013 Deauville American Film Festival The 39th Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville , France from August 30 to September 8 , 2013 . Steven Soderbergh 's drama film Behind the Candelabra served as the opening night film . Snowpiercer by Bong Joon-ho was the closing night film of the festival . The Grand Prix was awarded to Night Moves by Kelly Reichardt .   Complete lineup for the festival was announced on July 19 , 2013 , including episodes from Television shows for the Television section at the festival . Electronic music duo Justice was given Carte blanche section to show nine of their favourite American films to the festival audience . The festival paid tribute to Cate Blanchett , Nicolas Cage , Larry Clark , Gale Anne Hurd and John Travolta and hosted retrospective of their films . The festival honoured American actor , singer , dancer , and comedian Danny Kaye with Deauville Legend award .

neg: Josh Haden Josh Haden ( born 1968 in New York City ) is an American jazz musician . He is the founder , bassist and singer of the group Spain . Josh Haden is the son of the late Charlie Haden .   Based in Los Angeles , he is the brother of the Haden Triplets Petra ( that dog. , Foo Fighters , The Decemberists , Sean Lennon ) , Tanya ( Silversun Pickups , Let 's Go Sailing ; who married comedian Jack Black in 2006 ) , and Rachel ( that dog. , The Rentals ) .   He is the founder , bassist and singer of the group Spain , whose first album , The Blue Moods of Spain , appeared on Restless Records to wide acclaim . The band toured extensively in the U.S. , Europe , and Australia , attracting considerable notice .   Other credits include Handsome Boy Modeling School ( on which he performed a duet with Sean Lennon ) .   His most recent projects were the 2004 Light of Day EP , released on Diamond Soul Recordings , and his debut solo LP , Devoted , released in 2007 , produced by Dan the Automator and featuring performances by former Spain guitarist Merlo Podlewski , keyboardist John Medeski , and turntablist Kid Koala . He also sang vocals on the track Persona on Blue Man Group 's album The Complex .   His song `` Spiritual '' , from The Blue Moods of Spain , has been covered by Johnny Cash , Soulsavers , Midnight Choir , and the duo of his father Charlie Haden and Pat Metheny .

neg: Josh Hill (American football) Josh Hill ( born May 21 , 1990 ) is an American football tight end for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for Idaho State . He was signed by the Saints as an undrafted free agent in 2013 .

neg: Josh Ritter (album) Josh Ritter is the debut album by American singer-songwriter Josh Ritter . It was self-released in 1999 .   Humorous folk-inspired songs such as `` Hotel Song '' and `` Stuck to You '' evoke comparisons to John Prine , while ballads `` Letter from Omaha '' and `` Leaves and Kings '' seem inspired by Leonard Cohen and Bob Dylan , whom Ritter frequently cites as influences .   Three versions of this album have been pressed ; a digipak in 1999 , followed by a jewel case package in 1999 , then a digipak again in 2008 . Superficially the 1999 and 2008 digipaks are similar , but the interior artwork and disc art differ among all three versions .

neg: PJ DeBoy Paul J. `` PJ '' DeBoy ( born June 7 , 1971 ) is an American actor and talk show host .

neg: Josh Gordon Joshua Caleb Gordon ( born April 13 , 1991 ) is an American football wide receiver for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Baylor , and was drafted by the Browns in the second round of the 2012 NFL Supplemental Draft .   Gordon 's first two seasons were highly productive ; in 2013 , his second NFL season , he led all players in receiving yards and was a first-team All-Pro selection . Since then , Gordon has played in only five NFL games due to suspensions for violating the league 's substance abuse policy , and has not played at all since the 2014 season .

neg: Josh Duncan Josh Duncan ( born May 12 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player for Eskişehir Basket of the Turkish Basketball First League .

neg: Joseph Ashton (actor) Joseph Ashton Valencia ( born November 18 , 1986 ) is an American film actor and voice actor .

neg: Josh Scott (basketball) Josh Scott ( born July 13 , 1993 ) is an American professional basketball player who last played for MZT Skopje Aerodrom . He played college basketball at the University of Colorado , where he was an All-Pac-12 Conference player for the Buffaloes .

neg: Ajay Naidu Ajay Kalahastri Naidu ( born February 12 , 1972 ) is an American actor . He is of Indian descent .


query: Jeff Ament is an American rock bassist.

pos: Jeff Ament Jeffrey Allen Ament ( born March 10 , 1963 ) is an American musician and songwriter who serves as the bassist for the American rock band Pearl Jam .   Along with Stone Gossard , Mike McCready , and Eddie Vedder , he is one of the band 's founding members , and is also known for his work prior to Pearl Jam with the 1980s Seattle-based grunge rock bands Green River and Mother Love Bone , and is particularly notable for his work with the fretless bass , upright bass , and twelve-string bass guitar . Ament is also a member of the bands , Tres Mts. , Three Fish and RNDM .   In 2008 , Ament released his first solo album , Tone . A second solo album , While My Heart Beats , followed in 2012 .   Ament was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7 , 2017 .

neg: Jeff Schroeder Jeffrey Kim `` Jeff '' Schroeder ( born February 4 , 1974 , Los Angeles , California , United States ) is an American rock musician , who became a guitarist with the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins ( replacing co founder James Iha ) in 2007 . He is currently finishing his PhD in Comparative Literature at UCLA , where he specializes in Asian American Literature , Francophone Literature , and Critical Theory .

neg: B. Jeff Stone B. Jeff Stone ( 24 April 1936 -- 26 August 2011 ) was an American rockabilly and country singer and songwriter . After first recording in the 1950s , he achieved particular success in Europe from the 1990s onward , and was inducted to the Rockabilly Hall of Fame .   He was born in San Antonio , Texas , and began playing guitar at the age of eight . He first recorded in 1954 for the SARG company in Luling , Texas , before winning a regular slot on radio station KBOP in Pleasanton , Texas with his group , the Texas Cut-Ups . Following a period in the US Air Force , he returned to San Antonio and formed a new group , initially called the Westernairs . After recording a country hit single , `` Hey , Little Newsboy '' , the band changed their name to the Newsboys . In the late 1960s , he started a solo career and toured with Marty Robbins , Willie Nelson , and others .   After giving up performances in the mid-1970s , he started a construction company , moving from Fort Worth to live in Corsicana in 1985 . In 1995 , he decided to record again , and his traditionally-styled country album Everybody Loves Me and single `` A Good Woman 's Love '' became successful in Europe , where he toured . He recorded several further albums , Something 's Going On ( 1996 ) , Texas Country ( 1998 ) , Stone Country ( 1999 ) and Stone Tradition ( 2000 ) , and had one of his biggest single hits in 1997 with `` Hello , Mr. Heartache '' .   Stone died at the age of 75 in Tyler , Texas .

neg: Vibrato systems for guitar A variety of mechanical vibrato systems for guitar have been developed since the 1920 's . They are used to add vibrato to the sound by changing the tension of the strings , typically at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a controlling lever ( often referred to as a whammy bar , vibrato arm/bar , or incorrectly as tremolo arm/bar ) . The lever enables the player to quickly vary the tension and sometimes the length of the strings temporarily , changing the pitch to create a vibrato , portamento or pitch bend effect .   Instruments without this device have other bridge and tailpiece systems . The mechanical vibrato systems began as a device for more easily producing the vibrato effects that blues and jazz guitarists had long produced on arch top guitars by manipulating the tailpiece with their picking hand . However , it has also made many sounds possible that could not be produced by the old technique , such as the 1980s-era shred guitar `` dive bombing '' effect .   Since the regular appearance of mechanical vibrato systems in the 1950s , they have been used by many guitarists , ranging from the gentle inflections of Chet Atkins , the exaggerated twang effects of Duane Eddy and the buoyant effects of surf music aficionados like The Ventures , The Shadows and Dick Dale . In the 1960s and 1970s , vibrato arms were used for more pronounced effects by Jimi Hendrix , Jeff Beck , David Gilmour , Ritchie Blackmore , Jimmy Page , and Frank Zappa . In the 1980s , shred guitar virtuosos such as Eddie Van Halen , Joe Satriani and Steve Vai , and metal guitarists such as Ritchie Blackmore and Kirk Hammett used the `` whammy bar '' in a range of metal-influenced styles . The pitch-bending effects , whether subtle inflections or exaggerated effects , have become an important part of many styles of electric guitar . Terje Rypdal , David Torn and David Duhig have added to the language and extended techniques of vibrato bar usage .   Despite the common misnomer tremolo arm , these devices can not produce tremolo in the normal sense of the word , but can produce vibrato ; while some electronic `` vibrato units '' used by electric guitarists generally produce a tremolo effect , rather than vibrato . See `` Vibrato or Tremolo '' .   Guitars equipped with any vibrato system can be harder to re-string , tune , and keep in tune than `` stop-tail '' ( fixed tailpiece ) guitars .

neg: Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics .   Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity .   The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .

neg: Erik Amundsen Erik Amundsen ( 1 February 1937 -- 22 February 2015 ) was a Norwegian jazz bassist from Oslo .

neg: Pearl Jam 2008 United States Tour The Pearl Jam 2008 United States Tour was a concert tour by the American rock band Pearl Jam .

neg: Bass (fish) Bass ( -LSB- ˈbæs -RSB- ) is a name shared by many species of fish . The term encompasses both freshwater and marine species , all belonging to the large order Perciformes , or perch-like fishes . The word bass comes from Middle English bars , meaning `` perch '' .

neg: PAX AM Days PAX AM Days ( stylized as PAX • AM Days ) is an EP by American rock band Fall Out Boy , released on October 15 , 2013 by Island Records and PAX AM . It consists of 1980s and 90s hardcore punk and punk rock influenced tracks recorded during a two-day `` marathon '' session with producer Ryan Adams and the band in July 2013 at PAX AM Studios . The EP was released on CD , digitally and on double 7 '' vinyl as a stand-alone EP , and also on a limited Save Rock and Roll PAX AM Edition ( 2013 ) double-disc reissue . The double 7 '' vinyl pressing was limited to 3,000 , and released on November 29 as part of Record Store Day - Back to Black Friday . Each copy came with a code for a bonus song download , a cover of `` New Dreams '' by Naked Raygun . The code was found stamped into the dead wax of the 7 '' . On September 30 , Fall Out Boy announced the EP and its release date , as well as premiered the first digital single `` Love , Sex , Death '' with its accompanying video . PAX AM Days was the band 's second release in 2013 after the comeback album Save Rock and Roll , and marks a return to their hardcore musical roots with aggressive guitar work , the `` antithesis '' to the polished Save Rock and Roll .   Adams reached out to the group at the request of Fall Out Boy 's friend and collaborator Butch Walker . Bassist Pete Wentz commented `` I think there 's a side of our band in our fans that would appreciate some of the noise that Ryan comes up with , and it would be great for the fans to be able to hear that -- hear sort of the raw energy that happens from sessions like that . '' The band called it `` a collection of songs we did for fun ... us letting out some demons '' rather than a new album . On October 7 , the entire EP was released for free streaming online . The EP debuted at No. 25 on the US Billboard 200 with 11,000 first week sales .

neg: Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' .   Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event .   Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge .   There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act .   The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck .   In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .

neg: Filament (band) Filament is a musical group from Japan that consists of Otomo Yoshihide and Sachiko M , two of the major exponents of the electroacoustic improvisation style of music .   The two played as a duo for the first time on November 5 , 1995 in London , but it was not until 1997 that they began to play often together and Filament became one of their main projects . At first their work together was branded as A-102 , then they used both Filament and A-102 , and occasionally simply `` duo , '' with no specific project name . Since their United States and France concert tour of May 1998 , they have used the name Filament exclusively .

neg: J. D. Foster JD Foster is an American record producer , bassist , multi-instrumentalist , composer and songwriter .

neg: Ron Blair Ronald Edward Blair ( born September 16 , 1948 in San Diego , California ) is an American musician notable for being the bassist for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers . He was originally the band 's bassist from 1976 to 1982 . In 2002 , he returned to the group after a 20-year hiatus , replacing his own replacement , the late Howie Epstein .

neg: American Microscopical Society The American Microscopical Society ( AMS ) is a society of biologists dedicated to promoting the use of microscopy .   A cohort of biologists and science educators , the AMS 's members use a wide array of microscopical techniques ( light microscopy , electron microscopy , fluorescence and confocal microscopes ) to further their research and eventually publish their research in its journal Invertebrate Biology .   Yearly meetings conducted by the AMS focus on innovation in current microscopy techniques . Workshops conducted by the AMS are focused not only on microscopy techniques themselves , but also on the organisms that current members are studying with these microscopy techniques .

neg: Louis Johnson (bassist) Louis Johnson ( April 13 , 1955 -- May 21 , 2015 ) was an American musician and bass guitarist . Johnson was best known for his group The Brothers Johnson and his session playing on several hit albums of the 1970s and 1980s including the `` best selling album of all time '' Thriller . His signature sound was from the Music Man StingRay bass which Leo Fender especially made for him to first use and promote , and from his slapping technique . He is ranked number 38 on Bass Player magazine 's list of `` The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time '' .

neg: T. M. Stevens T. M. Stevens ( real name Thomas Michael Stevens ; born July/28 1953 ) is an American bassist from New York City .

neg: A Natural Disaster A Natural Disaster is the seventh album by the British rock band Anathema . It was released on 3 November 2003 in the United Kingdom and on 24 February 2004 in the United States through Music for Nations .   It is the first album to feature the band 's original bassist Jamie Cavanagh , brother of band members Vincent and Daniel Cavanagh , who left Anathema prior to any release in 1991 and returned in 2001 . It is also Daniel 's first album since his departure in 2002 ( after the release of the previous album A Fine Day to Exit '' ) .

neg: Fender Jazz Bass The Jazz Bass ( or J Bass ) is the second model of electric bass created by Leo Fender . It is distinct from the Precision Bass in that its tone is brighter and richer in the midrange and treble with less emphasis on the fundamental frequency . It has a more focused tone than the Precision Bass , with less low end and low midrange . Because of these tonal characteristics , the Jazz Bass is often preferred by bass players who seek a more noticeable sound , rather than serving as a background instrument . The sound of the Jazz Bass has been fundamental in the development of signature sounds in certain musical genres , such as funk , disco , reggae , blues , progressive rock , heavy metal and jazz fusion .

neg: Nothingman `` Nothingman '' is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam . Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music by bassist Jeff Ament , `` Nothingman '' is the fifth track on the band 's third studio album , Vitalogy ( 1994 ) . The song was included on Pearl Jam 's 2004 greatest hits album , Rearviewmirror ( Greatest Hits 1991 -- 2003 ) .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Jeff Beck discography This is a select discography for Jeff Beck , the English rock guitarist who has played with numerous groups including The Yardbirds , The Jeff Beck Group , and Beck , Bogert & Appice .


query: Constantine is a film starring Tilda Swinton.

pos: Constantine (film) Constantine is a 2005 American-German occult detective action horror film directed by Francis Lawrence as his feature film directorial debut , starring Keanu Reeves as John Constantine , with Rachel Weisz , Shia LaBeouf , Tilda Swinton , Pruitt Taylor Vince , and Djimon Hounsou . With a screenplay by Kevin Brodbin and Frank Cappello , the film is based on DC Comics ' Hellblazer comic book , with plot elements taken from the `` Dangerous Habits '' story arc ( issues # 4146 ) and the `` Original Sins '' story arc .   The character of John Constantine was introduced by comic book writer/creator Alan Moore while writing the Swamp Thing , first appearing there in June 1985 . In 1988 , the character of John Constantine was given his own comic book title , Hellblazer , published by DC Comics . The `` Dangerous Habits '' story arc was written by Garth Ennis in 1991 .   The film portrays John Constantine as a cynic with the ability to perceive and communicate with half-angels and half-demons in their true form . He seeks salvation from eternal damnation in Hell for a suicide attempt in his youth . Constantine exorcises demons back to Hell to earn favor with Heaven but has become weary over time . With terminal lung cancer , he helps a troubled police detective learn the truth about her sister 's death while simultaneously unraveling a much larger and darker plot .   Constantine was released in the United States and Canada on February 18 , 2005 and in Hong Kong on February 8 , 2005 . The film received mixed reviews and was a box office success , grossing $ 230.9 million worldwide from a $ 100 million budget .

neg: Algiers (film) Algiers is a 1938 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Charles Boyer , Sigrid Gurie , and Hedy Lamarr . Written by John Howard Lawson , the film is about a notorious French jewel thief hiding in the labyrinthine native quarter of Algiers known as the Casbah . Feeling imprisoned by his self-imposed exile , he is drawn out of hiding by a beautiful French tourist who reminds him of happier times in Paris . The Walter Wanger production was a remake of the successful 1937 French film Pépé le Moko , which derived its plot from the Henri La Barthe novel of the same name .   Algiers was a sensation because it was the first Hollywood film starring Hedy Lamarr , whose beauty became the main attraction for film audiences . The film is notable as one of the sources of inspiration to the screenwriters of the 1942 Warner Bros. film Casablanca who wrote it with Hedy Lamarr in mind as the original female lead . Charles Boyer 's depiction of the main character , Pepe Le Moko , inspired the Warner Bros. animated character , Pepé Le Pew . In 1966 , the film entered the public domain ( in the USA ) due to the claimants ' failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .

neg: Cine Foundation International Cine Foundation International is London-based non-profit film company and human rights NGO `` aiming to 'em power open consciousness through cinema ' '' . The foundation was formed in December 2010 by American filmmaker Jesse Richards , founder of the Remodernist film movement , South Korean film critic Blue Un Sok Kim and Tobias Morgan , formerly the developer of `` The Garage '' on Mubi .   On 3 January 2011 , CFI announced their launch of a campaign of protest films and public actions calling for the release of imprisoned Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi . `` The campaign will include protest films that speak to human rights issues in Iran and throughout the world , six of which are commissioned feature-length , plus twenty shorts . Participating filmmakers may act anonymously or through pseudonyms since voicing their stories can be dangerous . The films , which will address themes of nation , identity , self , spiritual culture , censorship and imprisonment , will be aimed for public , web and various exhibition media '' . In January 2011 , filmmakers Béla Tarr and Lav Diaz joined the foundation 's Board of Directors , and in February Fred Kelemen joined the Board of Directors .   Also in January 2011 , CFI deployed a video protest mechanism called WHITE MEADOWS ( named for the Mohammad Rasoulof film of the same title ) and developed by Ericson deJesus ( of Yahoo! and frog design ) at the request of the foundation . The video mechanism `` allow ( s ) anyone in the world to record a short video statement about Panahi and Rasoulof . There will be an ESCAPE button at top , allowing quick exit for those in countries where recording a statement would be dangerous . There will be an option to have the screen black , and soon , voice distortion . The video statements will be recorded as mp4s , giving them maximum transmedia capacity , which essentially makes them broadcastable from any device that can show video '' . Users can also use the mechanism to comment on how they would `` like to see as an international response by the film industry '' , comment on the state of human rights in general , or to `` report a human rights abuse to the world '' .   Late in 2011 , CFI launched #OccupyCinema , an ongoing collective project in collaboration with the global Occupy movement . The project encompasses `` public space projections onto buildings or other public surfaces -- broadcasting films , video documents or live feeds , with the intention of decentralising traditional broadcast monopolies and information power structures where these interfere with freedom of speech or otherwise compel human beings to surrender to the agendas of ethically bankrupt regimes . '' On November 1 , #OccupyCinema will launch public displays of films in New York City , Dallas , Kansas , London and Paris , with more to follow over the next week .   Tobias Morgan resigned as Chair in Autumn 2011 , having been commissioned to make a Cine Foundation International feature film dedicated to the Iranian film producer Katayoun Shahabi . Jesse Richards resigned in 2012 , and Blue Un Sok Kim took the Chair .   Category : International human rights organizations  Category : Organisations based in the United Kingdom  Category : Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom  Category : Film organisations in the United Kingdom

neg: Attila (1954 film) Attila ( Attila , il flagello di Dio Attila fléau de Dieu ) is a 1954 Franco-Italian film co-production , directed by Pietro Francisci and produced by Dino De Laurentiis . Based on the life of Attila the Hun , it stars Anthony Quinn as Attila and Sophia Loren as Honoria , with Henri Vidal , Irene Papas , Ettore Manni and Christian Marquand . Scott Marlowe ( 1932 -- 2001 ) made his screen debut in this film . It was an enormous box-office success , earning $ 2 million in the first ten days of its release . Along with The Pride and the Passion and Houseboat it was Loren 's biggest success in the 1950s .

neg: C. Aubrey Smith Sir Charles Aubrey Smith CBE ( 21 July 186320 December 1948 ) , known to film-goers as C. Aubrey Smith , was an England Test cricketer who became a stage and film actor , acquiring a niche as the officer-and-gentleman type , as in the first sound version of The Prisoner of Zenda ( 1937 ) . In Hollywood , he organised British actors into a cricket team , playing formal matches that much intrigued local spectators .

neg: Fish Tank (film) Fish Tank is a 2009 British drama film written and directed by Andrea Arnold . The film is about Mia Williams , a volatile and socially isolated 15-year-old who lives with her single mother , Joanne . The mother 's new boyfriend , Conor , becomes attracted to Mia and has sex with her . Fish Tank was well-received and won the Jury Prize at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival . It also won the 2010 BAFTA for Best British Film . It was filmed in the Mardyke Estate in Havering , the town of Tilbury , and the A13 , and funded by BBC Films and the UK Film Council . The film was theatrically released on 11 September 2009 by Curzon Artificial Eye .

neg: The Abbot Constantine (1933 film) The Abbot Constantine ( French : L'abbé Constantin ) is a 1933 French comedy film directed by Jean-Paul Paulin and starring Léon Belières , Françoise Rosay and Claude Dauphin.It is based on the novel The Abbot Constantine by Ludovic Halévy . The novel had previously been made into a 1925 silent film of the same title .

neg: The Criminal (1999 film) The Criminal is a 1999 British thriller film directed by Julian Simpson and starring Steven Mackintosh , Eddie Izzard and Natasha Little . After meeting a beautiful woman in a bar , a man 's life is plunged into chaos .

neg: Northern Soul (film) Northern Soul is a 2014 British historical film directed by Elaine Constantine . It tells the story of two young Lancashire teenagers , Matt and John , whose lives are changed forever by the discovery of American soul music and the dance culture that grew up around it in Britain . The film was selected to be shown in the City to City section of the 2015 Toronto Film Festival .

neg: Caesar and Cleopatra (film) Caesar and Cleopatra is a 1945 British Technicolor film directed by Gabriel Pascal and starring Claude Rains and Vivien Leigh . It was adapted from the play Caesar and Cleopatra ( 1901 ) by George Bernard Shaw . The film was produced by Independent Producers and Pascal Film Productions , and was distributed by Eagle-Lion Distributors .  St6aff ( 30 October 1946 )   Caesar and Cleopatra was a box office failure , but it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction for John Bryan .

neg: Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon Love Is the Devil : Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon is a 1998 film made for television by the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) . It was written and directed by John Maybury and stars Derek Jacobi , Daniel Craig , and Tilda Swinton .   A biography of painter Francis Bacon ( Jacobi ) , it concentrates on his strained relationship with George Dyer ( Craig ) , a small-time thief .   The film draws heavily on the authorised biography of Bacon , The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon by Daniel Farson , and is dedicated to him .   The film won three awards at the Edinburgh International Film Festival : Best New British Feature ( director John Maybury ) and two Best British Performance awards , one for Jacobi and , the other for future James Bond actor , Craig . The film was also screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Esmeralda (1922 film) Esmeralda is a 1922 British silent film and an adaptation of a novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo . It was directed by Edwin J. Collins and starred Sybil Thorndike and Booth Conway .

neg: Teknolust Teknolust is a 2002 film produced , written , and directed by Lynn Hershman Leeson who , at the time of production , was working in the art department at University of California , Davis . It stars Tilda Swinton and Jeremy Davies .

neg: Constantine's Sword (film) James Carroll 's Constantine 's Sword , or Constantine 's Sword , is a 2007 historical documentary film on the relationship between the Catholic Church and Jews . Directed and produced by Oscar-nominated filmmaker Oren Jacoby , the film is inspired by former priest James P. Carroll 's 2001 book Constantine 's Sword .

neg: V for Vendetta V for Vendetta is a British graphic novel written by Alan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd ( with additional art by Tony Weare ) , published by DC Comics . Later versions were published by Vertigo , an imprint of DC Comics . The story depicts a dystopian and post-apocalyptic near-future history version of the United Kingdom in the 1990s , preceded by a nuclear war in the 1980s which had devastated most of the rest of the world . The fascist Norsefire party has exterminated its opponents in concentration camps and rules the country as a police state . The comics follow its title character and protagonist , V , an anarchist revolutionary dressed in a Guy Fawkes mask , as he begins an elaborate and theatrical revolutionist campaign to kill his former captors , bring down the fascist state and convince the people to bring about democratic government , while inspiring a young woman , Evey Hammond , to be his protégé .   Warner Bros. released a film adaptation of the same title in 2006 .

neg: Constantine (British saint) Saint Constantine is the name of one or many British or Pictish saints .

neg: Constantine (disambiguation) Constantine most commonly refers to one of the following :  Constantine ( name ) , a masculine given name and surname   It may also refer to :

neg: Luca Guadagnino Luca Guadagnino ( born 1971 ) is an Italian film director . He first won recognition with the 2005 film Melissa P. . He has collaborated several times with Tilda Swinton , including the films The Protagonists ( 1999 ) , I Am Love ( 2010 ) , A Bigger Splash ( 2015 ) and the upcoming Suspiria ( 2017 ) .

neg: Jimmy Constantine James A. `` Jimmy '' Constantine ( 16 February 1920 -- 1998 ) was an English professional footballer , who played for Rochdale , Manchester City , Bury and Millwall .   Constantine 's football career started during World War II . He served in the Grenadier Guards , playing for local team Ashton National in his spare time . In 1944 he received an offer of a professional football contract at Rochdale . Three months later he joined Manchester City , playing his first Manchester City match in September 1945 . At this time competitive league football was still suspended , though the FA Cup took place . Constantine scored 4 Cup goals and 25 in the Football League North to be the club 's highest scorer in 1945-46 . When competitive league returned in 1946 , Constantine scored 12 goals in 18 games , including a hat-trick against Millwall . Injuries then limited his first-team opportunities , and he was transferred to Bury , where he scored 14 goals in 32 matches .   In the 1948 close season he signed for Millwall in a part exchange deal which saw Bob Kelly go to Bury . He made his debut against Port Vale on 21 August 1948 , and subsequently played for Millwall for four seasons , finishing as the club 's top goalscorer in three of them .   One of the most outstanding games Constantine played for The Lions was on 23 October 1948 against Notts County at The Den where a crowd of 46,000 had gathered to watch the great Tommy Lawton . Millwall and Constantine played brilliantly and won the game 3 - 2 with Constantine netting a brace . The newspaper headlines the following day read : `` Constantine Shows Lawton How To Head . '' He made 153 appearances for The Lions , scoring 80 goals , and is fifth on Millwall 's all-time leading scorer list .   Constantine remained a Millwall supporter , and was a regular in the Duke of Albany pub , in New Cross where he mixed freely with The Lions fans , sharing a joke and happily signing autographs until his death which was due to stomach cancer in 1998 .

neg: Epidemic (film) Epidemic is a Danish horror film of 1987 directed by Lars von Trier , the second installment of Trier 's Europa trilogy . The other two films in the trilogy are The Element of Crime ( 1984 ) and Europa ( 1991 ) .   Co-written by Trier and Niels Vørsel , the film focuses on the screenwriting process . Vørsel and Trier play themselves , coming up with a last-minute script for a producer . The story is inter-cut with scenes from the film they write , in which Trier plays a renegade doctor trying to cure a modern-day epidemic . The film marks the first in a series of collaborations between Trier and Udo Kier .

neg: Alexandra (film) Alexandra ( Александра , translit . Aleksandra ) is a 2007 Russian film about the Second Chechen War , written and directed by Alexander Sokurov . It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival .