query: Hungary was founded during the conquest of the Carpathian Basin.

pos: Hungary Hungary ( -LSB- ˈhʌŋɡəri -RSB- Magyarország -LSB- ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ -RSB- ) is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe . It covers an area of 93,030 km2 , situated in the Carpathian Basin , and is bordered by Slovakia to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as a global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr .   Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts , Romans , Slavs , Gepids and Avars , the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád in the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000 , converting the country to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a middle power within the Western world , reaching a golden age by the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 and about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation ( 1541 -- 1699 ) , Hungary came under Habsburg rule , and later formed the great power Austro -- Hungarian Empire together with Austria .   Hungary 's current borders were established in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon after World War I , when the country lost 71 % of its territory , 58 % of its population , and 32 % of ethnic Hungarians . Following the interwar period , Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II , suffering significant damage and casualties . Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union , which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship ( 1947 -- 1989 ) . The country gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989 , which accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc . On 23 October 1989 , Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic .   In the 21st century , Hungary is a middle power and has the world 's 57th largest economy by nominal GDP , as well as the 58th largest by PPP , out of 188 countries measured by the IMF . As a substantial actor in several industrial and technological sectors , it is both the world 's 36th largest exporter and importer of goods . Hungary is a high-income economy with a very high standard of living . It keeps up a social security and universal health care system , and a tuition-free university education . Hungary performs well in international rankings : it is 20th in quality of life , 25th in inequality-adjusted human development , 32nd in the Social Progress Index , and ranks as the 19th safest country in the world .   Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007 . Hungary is a member of the United Nations , NATO , WTO , World Bank , the AIIB , the Council of Europe and Visegrád Group . Well known for its rich cultural history , Hungary has contributed significantly to arts , music , literature , sports and science and technology . Hungary is the 11th most popular country as a tourist destination in Europe , attracting 14.3 million international tourists in 2015 . It is home to the largest thermal water cave system , the second largest thermal lake in the world , the largest lake in Central Europe , and the largest natural grasslands in Europe .

neg: Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301) The Kingdom of Hungary came into existence in Central Europe when Stephen I , Grand Prince of the Hungarians , was crowned king in 1000 or 1001 . He reinforced central authority and forced his subjects to accept Christianity . Although written sources emphasize the role played by German and Italian knights and clerics in the process , a significant part of the Hungarian vocabulary for agriculture , religion and state was taken from Slavic languages . Civil wars and pagan uprisings , along with attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors to expand their authority over Hungary , jeopardized the new monarchy . The monarchy stabilized during the reigns of Ladislaus I ( 1077 -- 1095 ) and Coloman ( 1095 -- 1116 ) . These rulers occupied Croatia and Dalmatia with the support of a part of the local population . Both realms retained their autonomous position . The successors of Ladislaus and Coloman -- especially Béla II ( 1131 -- 1141 ) , Béla III ( 1176 -- 1196 ) , Andrew II ( 1205 -- 1235 ) , and Béla IV ( 1235 -- 1270 ) -- continued this policy of expansion towards the Balkan Peninsula and the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains , transforming their kingdom into one of the major powers of medieval Europe .   Rich in uncultivated lands , silver , gold , and salt deposits , Hungary became the preferred destination of mainly German , Italian and French colonists . These immigrants were mostly peasants who settled in villages , but craftsmen and merchants also came . Their arrival had a key role in the shaping of an urban lifestyle , habits and culture in medieval Hungary . The location of the kingdom at the crossroads of international trade routes favored the coexistence of several cultures . Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance buildings and literary works written in Latin prove the predominantly Roman Catholic character of the culture , but Orthodox , and even non-Christian ethnic minority communities also existed . Latin was the language of legislation , administration and judiciary , but `` linguistic pluralism '' contributed to the survival of many tongues , including a great variety of Slavic dialects .   The predominance of royal estates initially assured the sovereign 's preeminent position , but the alienation of royal lands gave rise to the emergence of a self-conscious group of lesser landholders , known as `` royal servants '' . They forced Andrew II to issue his Golden Bull of 1222 , `` one of first examples of constitutional limits being placed on the powers of a European monarch '' ( Francis Fukuyama ) . The kingdom received a major blow from the Mongol invasion of 1241 -- 42 . Thereafter , Cuman and Jassic groups settled in the central lowlands , and colonists arrived from Moravia , Poland and other nearby countries . The erection of fortresses by landlords , promoted by the monarchs after the withdrawal of the Mongols , led to the development of semi-autonomous `` provinces '' dominated by powerful magnates . Some of these magnates even challenged the authority of Andrew III ( 1290 -- 1301 ) , the last male descendant of the native Árpád dynasty . His death was followed by a period of interregnum and anarchy . Central power was re-established only in the early 1320s .

neg: Historical regions of Romania The historical regions of Romania are located in Southeastern Europe . Romania came into being through the unification of two principalities , Wallachia and Moldavia in 1862 . The new unitary state extended over further regions at various times during the late 19th and 20th centuries , including Dobruja in 1878 , and Transylvania in 1918 .   That are part of Romania today :   Wallachia :  Muntenia ( Greater Wallachia ) : part of Wallachia ( which united with Moldavia in 1859 to create modern Romania ) ;  Oltenia ( Lesser Wallachia ) : the territory between the rivers Danube and Olt and the Southern Carpathian became part of the Principality of Wallachia in the early 14th century .   Moldavia :  Western Moldavia : part of Moldavia ( which united with Wallachia in 1859 to create modern Romania ) ;  Bukovina : in Romania between 1918 and World War II , today divided between Romania and Ukraine ;   Dobruja :  Northern Dobruja : in Romania since 1878 ( excepting some Danubian islands and the Snake Island which were incorporated in the USSR in 1948 , and became part of Ukraine since 1991 ) ;   Wallachia , western Moldavia , and Dobruja are sometimes referred collectively as the Regat ( The Kingdom ) , as they formed the Romanian `` Old '' Kingdom before World War I.   Transylvania ( the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper , but also the historical regions of Crișana , Maramureș , and Romanian part of Banat . The final border arrangement were set by the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 ) :  Transylvania proper : following the declaration of the union with Romania in 1918 ;  Banat : since 1918 divided between Romania , Serbia and Hungary ;  Crișana : the region bordered by the rivers Mureș and Someș and the Apuseni Mountains became part of Romania in 1918 .  Maramureș : the mountainous northwestern region became part of Romania in 1918 .   Transylvania is divided into several ethnographic regions .   That were part of Romania in the past :  Bessarabia : The region was part of Romania from 1918 to 1940 when it got occupied by the Soviets . Romania managed to annex it again , but lost it after World War 2 .  Northern Bukovina : The region was part of Romania from 1918 to 1940 when it got occupied by the Soviets . Romania managed to annex it again , but lost it after World War 2 .  Hertza region : Was part of Romania from 1859 to 1940 . Romania managed to annex it again , but lost it after the Second World War .  Southern Dobruja : Was annexed from Bulgaria in 1913 , after the Second Balkan War . It became Bulgarian again after 1940 .  Transnistria Governorate : It was part of Romania from 1941 to 1944 .

neg: Pentapolitana Pentapolitana ( or rarely Pentapolis ) was a league of towns in the Middle Ages of the five most important Hungarian royal free cities ( Latin : libera regiae civitas , Hungarian : szabad királyi város , German : Königliche Freistadt ; Slovak : slobodné kráľovské mesto ) of the Kingdom of Hungary ; Kassa ( today Košice ) , Bártfa ( Bardejov ) , Lőcse ( Levoča ) , Eperjes ( Prešov ) , and Kisszeben ( Sabinov ) . The cities are currently in eastern Slovakia .   The first meeting of the representatives of the towns in question took place in 1412 . The actual alliance arose between 1440 and 1445 .   The main role of the Pentapolitana was to control and to develop trade as there were important ancient trade routes in the region of the north-eastern part of the Kingdom of Hungary , present-day eastern Slovakia . The leading town of the Pentapolitana was Košice .   In 1549 , i.e. during the Reformation period , the Pentapolitana created its own Lutheran confession , the Confessio Pentapolitana .   Category : Slovakia in the Kingdom of Hungary  Category : Medieval Slovakia

neg: Gesta Hungarorum Gesta Hungarorum may also refer to Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum , written by Simon of Kéza .   Gesta Hungarorum , or The Deeds of the Hungarians , is the first extant Hungarian chronicle . It was written by an unidentified author who has traditionally been called Anonymus in scholarly works . According to most historians , the work was completed between around 1200 and 1230 . The Gesta exists in a sole manuscript from the second part of the 13th century , which was for centuries held in Vienna . It is part of the collection of Széchényi National Library in Budapest .   The principal subject of the Gesta is the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries , and it also writes of the origin of the Hungarians , identifying the Hungarians ' ancestors with the ancient Scythians . Many of its sources -- including the Bible , Isidore of Seville 's Etymologiae , the 7th-century Exordia Scythica , the late 9th-century Regino of Prüm 's Chronicon , and early medieval romances of Alexander the Great -- have been identified by scholars , and Anonymus also utilized folk songs and ballads when writing his work . He also knew a version of the late 11th-century `` Hungarian Chronicle '' the text of which has partially been preserved in his work and in later chronicles , but his narration of the Hungarian Conquest differs from the version provided by the other chronicles . Anonymus did not mention the opponents of the conquering Hungarians known from sources written around 900 , but he wrote of the Hungarians ' fight against rulers unknown from other sources . According to a scholarly theory , he used place names when naming the opponents of the Hungarians .

neg: Castles and Fortresses of Western Ukraine (Book) The book Castles and Fortresses of Western Ukraine was written by a Lviv historian Orestes Matsyuk , who spent more than 30 years of his life studying the castles and fortress of Ukraine . His aim when writing the novel was to make a complete brochure of all of Ukraine 's ancient castles . He recorded more than 5000 objects when making the book . The system of his work was to identify the news writes up of the archival building and printed sources , the gathering of old plans , photos , drawings , the installations of expeditionary field survey of current state of photographic images sights , which produces graphic reconstructions of monuments and prepared the printed catalogue .   The purpose of this popular book is to serve as a guidebook into history for tourists , lovers and collectors of antiques . It contains all the necessary information about the tourist attractions which are arranged in accordance with the proposed seven bus routes which covered Ivano-Frankivsk , Ternopil , Lviv , regions and other small areas that is adjacent to ( Dubno , Ostrog , Kamenetz-Podolsk , Hawtin ) , where one can visit . The interested reader can get acquainted with the famous monasteries , castles , churches , cathedrals and our ancient monuments . Page one of this book contains the mapping scheme of each route . The book is richly described with hundreds of unique black and white pictures ( the photograph are commonly old destroyed buildings ) and the images of reconstructed monuments . The best quality of image is used , which is only possible with an offset printing on plain paper . They are lists of recommended books , name and geographical indexes at the end of the book , which makes it a lot easier to navigate through the content .   One of the most intriguing slogans of the western Ukrainian fortress and castles stated that , `` it is impossible to be successful in the future with a clean slate in the past '' . The ancient castles had guardians of our history which were subjected to human impact and natural changes . Most of these castles and fortresses are still in good condition , while some are also ruin . There are around 20 functional monuments structure of kievan Rus and about 5000 castles . All the fortress and castle in Ukraine kept the legendary and romantics stories , detailed information about the beautiful princess , Cossacks , knights , magnates and the fingerprints culture of Poland , Russia Lithuania , Austria-Hungary , and Turkey `` movies stars '' , movies directors and producers were also retained .

neg: Roman heritage in Serbia The territory of what is today the Republic of Serbia was under Roman ( and later Byzantine ) rule for about 600 years , from the 1st century BC until the Slavic invasions of the 6th century .  It was administratively divided into Moesia ( later Moesia Superior , corresponding to Serbia proper , Pannonia ( later Pannonia Inferior ) and Dardania ( corresponding to eastern and western Serbia proper , respectively ) ) .   The Danube River influenced the extension of the Roman Empire , and its confluents , such as Sava and Morava , affected the growth of frontier fortresses and towns , whose remains present the extent of the Roman Empire with architecture that presents the crown of Roman culture . Many authors and explorers wrote about traces of the Roman Empire on the Danube coast . One of the localities , Felix Romuliana , was ranked on the list of cultural heritage of UNESCO in July 2007 .   The location has been invaded by many peoples over the centuries . The northern Serbian city of Sirmium ( Sremska Mitrovica ) was among the top 4 cities of the late Roman Empire , serving as its capital during the Tetrarchy .  Contemporary Serbia comprises the classical regions of Moesia , Pannonia , parts of Dalmatia , Dacia and Macedonia .

neg: Hungarian National Party (Czechoslovakia) Hungarian National Party ( Magyar Nemzeti Párt , MNP , Maďarská národní strana , Maďarská národná strana ) was one of political parties of ethnic Hungarians in the First Republic of Czechoslovakia .   The party was founded in February 1920 in Komárno as party of smallholders , under name Országos Magyar Kisgazda és Földműves Párt . From May 1925 it used name Országos Magyar Kisgazda , Földműves és Kisiparos Párt often abbreviated as Magyar Kisgazda Párt ( Hungarian Party of Smallholders ) . In 1925 the name was changed to Magyar Nemzeti Párt . On June 21 , 1936 the party merged with Országos Keresztényszocialista Párt ( OKSZP , Provincial Christian-Socialist Party ) , another large Hungarian party into Egyesült Magyar Párt ( EMP , United Hungarian Party ) led by János Esterházy as national executive chairman ( until then leader of OKSZP ) and Andor Jaross as national chairman . The main objective of the party was initially an autonomy for ethnically Hungarian parts in Slovakia . This stance was later revised , and the party advocated a revision of the Trianon Treaty . In the economic sphere , the party advocated free market and called for government support for smallholders and peasants .   After establishment of Slovak State ( 1939 ) which had about 65,000 ethnic Hungarians the party ( under name Szlovenskói Magyar Párt , Hungarian Party in Slovakia ) remained as one of few allowed political parties ( the others being Hlinka 's Slovak People 's Party and Deutsche Partei of ethnic Germans in Slovakia ) . During Slovak National Uprising ( 1944 ) the party was banned on the area controlled by insurgents . The ban was reconfirmed after the end of World War II .

neg: Spring Campaign The Spring Campaign ( tavaszi hadjárat ) , named also the Glorious Spring Campaign ( dicsőséges tavaszi hadjárat ) is the military campaign of the Hungarian Revolutionary Army against the forces of the Habsburg Empire in Middle and Western Hungary during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 between 2 April and 21 May 1849 , which resulted in the liberation of almost the whole territory of Hungary from the Habsburg forces .   The spring campaign 's commander-in-chief was General Artúr Görgey , whose army ( 47 500 men , 198 cannons ) defeated the numerically , technologically and tactically superior ( 55 000 soldiers and 214 cannons and rockets ) imperial armies led by Alfred I , Prince of Windisch-Grätz and after his dismiss , Ludwig von Welden , in a series of victories . The Hungarians won the battles of Hatvan ( 2d of April ) , Tápióbicske ( 4th of April ) , Isaszeg ( 6th of April ) , Vác ( 10th of April ) , Nagysalló ( 19th of April ) , in 26 April relieved the fortress of Komárom from a long Austrian siege , than at 21 May 1849 liberated the Castle of Buda , concluding the Spring Campaign .   On the other theaters of operations , the Hungarians also scored victories against the enemies of the revolution .   In Transylvania , the Hungarian army led by Józef Bem , after the victory against the Austro-Russian forces in the Battle of Nagyszeben , liberated most of the provinces territory ( excepting the fortresses of Gyulafehérvár , Déva , with imperial garrison and the Erdélyi-középhegység mountains , held by the Romanian insurgents ) .   In southern Hungary the Hungarians led by Mór Perczel and Józef Bem defeated the Serbian insurgents and Austrian troops , liberating the provinces of Bácska and Bánság , except the fortress of Temesvár and Titel .   In southern Dunántúl , the popular uprising led by Gáspár Noszlopy , also led to the liberation of this region from imperial occupation .   During the Spring Campaign , the Hungarians liberated much of their country from the Habsburg rule . The Habsburg armies and their allies , besides the fortresses and mountains mentioned above , remained only in the Westernmost territory strip of Hungary , Croatia and the fortress of Arad . Also the result of the victories of the Spring Campaign was the Hungarian Declaration of Independence on 14th of April 1849 , resulting the Hungarian total independence for some months before the Russian intervention brought the defeat , in the Summer Campaign of the Hungarian revolution and liberty .

neg: Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 The Hungarian campaign of 1527 -- 1528 was launched by Ferdinand I , Archduke of Austria and King of Hungary and Bohemia against the Ottoman Turks . Following the Battle of Mohács , the Ottomans were forced to withdraw as events elsewhere in their now massive Empire required the Sultan 's attention . Seizing upon their absence , Ferdinand I attempted to enforce his claim as King of Hungary . In 1527 he drove back the Ottoman vassal John Zápolya and captured Buda , Győr , Komárno , Esztergom , and Székesfehérvár by 1528 . Meanwhile , the Ottoman Sultan , Suleiman the Magnificent , took no action at this stage despite the pleas of his vassal .

neg: Magyar Cserkészszövetség Magyar Cserkészszövetség ( Hungarian Scout Association ) , the primary national Scouting organization of Hungary , was founded in 1912 , and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922 and again after the rebirth of Scouting in the country in 1990 . The coeducational Magyar Cserkészszövetség had 8,145 members in 2011 .

neg: Prykarpattia Prykarpattia ( Пpикapпaття literally means `` Ciscarpathia '' ) is the Ukrainian geographical term for the Subcarpathian historical region of Central Europe , at the foot of the Carpathian mountains , in modern Ukraine , consisting of today 's Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast ( Івано-Франківська область , translit . Ivano-Frankivs ' ka oblast ' ) . It forms part of the larger historic region of Galicia , was the main body of the historic region of eastern Halychyna ; which in the 13th century was a part of the Kingdom of Rus and the Halych-Volyn Principality ( see Kingdom of Galicia -- Volhynia ) . Along with the Lviv and Ternopil regions Prykarpattia is a component of the Carpathian Euroregion .

neg: Kiskunság Kiskunság ( Cumania Minor ) is a historical and geographical region in Hungary situated in the current between Kalocsa and Szeged . Its territory is 2,423 km ² . Like other historical European regions called Cumania , it is named for the Cumans , a historically very significant nomadic tribe .

neg: Győr County Győr county ( in Hungarian : Győr ( vár ) megye ) was an administrative county ( comitatus ) of the Kingdom of Hungary , it 's territory covered present-day north-western Hungary ( 95 % ) and south-western Slovakia ( about 5 % ) , mostly on the right ( south ) side of the Danube river . The capital of the county was the city of Győr .

neg: Imre Mikó Count Imre Mikó de Hidvég ( 4 September 1805 -- 16 September 1876 ) was a Hungarian statesman , politician , economist , historian and patron from Transylvania , who served as Minister of Public Works and Transport between 1867 and 1870 . He was one of the liberal-oriented , prominent figures of the politics of Transylvania in the 19th century . He functioned as Governor of Transylvania twice ( 1848 and 1860 -- 1861 ) . He worked tirelessly for the rise of his home in economic , cultural and scientific areas , earning the honorary title of `` Széchenyi of Transylvania '' .   He started his political career as an official of the Gubernium ( the Government of Transylvania ) in 1826 , and reached the position of Treasurer in 1847 , at the same time he became a leading figure of the liberal opposition in Transylvania . He was appointed interim then actual Governor during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . He presided the Székely National Assembly in Agyagfalva ( today : Lutița , Romania ) , which supported the Hungarian War of Independence . After defeat of the uprising , he retired from the politics for a time as a follower of the Passive Resistance . He only devoted his life for the ascension of the economical and cultural life of Transylvania until the 1860s . He participated in the foundations of Transylvanian Economical Association ( 1854 ) and Transylvanian Museum Society ( 1859 ) . Besides these he had also important role in the establishment of the Franz Joseph University at Kolozsvár ( today : Cluj-Napoca , Romania ) in 1872 . He sponsored the National Theatre of Kolozsvár , encouraged the emergence of modern education and agriculture and actively took part in the cases of Calvinist Diocese of Transylvania . He edited and published the three volumes of Erdélyi történelmi adatok ( `` Historical data handbook of Transylvania '' ) , with this he created an essential forum of the Transylvanian historiography as an organizer of science , but he himself also wrote historical studies . He politicized since the 1860s again , firstly as Governor of Transylvania , later as Member of Parliament for Kolozsvár in the National Assembly of 1865 . He served as Minister of Public Works and Transport in the Cabinet of Gyula Andrássy , the first government of Hungary after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 . He was associated with the construction of railway between Hungary and Transylvania , as well as the foundation of the state railway company , the predecessor of today 's Hungarian State Railways ( Magyar Államvasutak -- MÁV ) .

neg: Árpád Árpád ( -LSB- ˈaːrpaːd -RSB- ; 845 -- 907 ) was the head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries . He might have been either the sacred ruler or kende of the Hungarians , or their military leader or gyula , although most details of his life are debated by historians , because different sources contain contradictory information . Despite this , many Hungarians refer to him as the `` founder of our country '' , and Árpád 's preeminent role in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin has been emphasized by some later chronicles . The dynasty descending from Árpád ruled the Kingdom of Hungary until 1301 .

neg: Divisions of the Carpathians Divisions of the Carpathians are categorization of the Carpathian mountains system .   Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains . The Carpathians are a `` subsystem '' of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from the western Europe all the way to southern Asia , and are further divided into `` provinces '' and `` subprovinces '' . The last level of the division , i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins , is usually classified as `` units '' . The main divisions are shown in the map on the right .   To generalize , there are three major provinces ( regions ) : Western Carpathians , Eastern Carpathians , and Southern Carpathians .

neg: History of the Hungarian language Hungarian is a Uralic language of the Ugric group . It has been spoken in the region of modern-day Hungary since the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in the late 9th century .   The predecessor language of Hungarian separated from the Ob-Ugric languages , probably still during the Bronze Age . There is no attestation for a period of close to two millennia . Old Hungarian is attested fragmentarily in epigraphy in the Old Hungarian script beginning in the 10th century , and isolated Hungarian words are attested in manuscript tradition from the turn of the 11th century . The oldest surviving coherent text in Old Hungarian is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer , dated to 1192 .   The Old Hungarian period is by convention taken to cover Medieval Hungary , from the invasion of Pannonia in AD 896 , to the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary following the Battle of Mohács of 1526 . A Middle Hungarian phase is by convention taken to last from 1526 to 1772 , i.e. from the first books printed in Hungarian to the Age of Enlightenment , which prompted language reforms that resulted in the modern literary Hungarian language .   Historic proceedings  The happenings of the 1530s and 1540s brought a new situation to the country : the time of Humanism -- which only a few decades earlier , under Matthias of Hungary flourished -- was over ; the population , both in villages and towns , was terrorized by Ottoman raids ; the majority of the country was lost ; and the remainder began to feel the problems of the new Habsburg rule . This predicament caused backwardness in the cultural life as well .   However , Hungary , with the previously listed great territorial and human losses , soon entered into a new cultural era , the Protestant Reformation . This religious movement heartened many authors to find new ways . Cultural life was primarily based in Trasylvania , but Royal Hungary also saw the rebirth of the Hungarian culture .   The first printed Hungarian book was printed in Cracow , Poland , in 1533 . It is a partial Bible-translation , containing the letters of Saint Paul . The translation was done by Benedek Komjáti . The New Testament 's first printed edition was published by János Sylvester ( 1541 ) . He also composed the first scientific analysis of the Hungarian language , in 1539 -- his work 's title is `` Grammatica Hungarolatina '' . Like Komjáti , Sylvester printed his works in Cracow .   The previous publications , however , were not Protestant in their sense ; the first directly reformed Hungarian book was Imre Ozorai 's `` Argument '' , published in Cracow first in 1535 and second in 1546 .   Among other works , Aesop 's Fables -- a collection of moral short stories -- were first translated into Hungarian by Gábor Pesti -LSB- 1 -RSB- ( 1536 ) . These are the first denoted Hungarian short stories . The first attempt to standardize Hungarian was done by Mátyás Bíró Dévai . He proposed a logical and feasible orthography to the language . His book , called `` Orthographia '' , is known from its second edition , printed in 1549 .   Bálint Balassa

neg: Szabolcs (name) Szabolcs -LSB- IPA | ˈsɒbolʧ -RSB- is an ancient Hungarian name , probably of Hungarian or Hunnic origin . It is not known where the name derives from . The name is still very popular , its namesday is July 28 .   Szabolcs was also the name of one of the leaders of the Magyars , the nephew of Árpád . He is also said to have been the second great leader of the Magyars . His power center was the now  unimportant village Szabolcs , where earthen ramparts from this age have been excavated . His people settled in the area known as Szabolcs county .   Some of the oldest attestations of the name are to be found in the founding charter of the Dömös abbey ( A dömösi prépostság adománylevele ) ( 1138/1329 ) : sobolci and in Anonymus ' Gesta Hungarorum : zobolchu ( 12th/13th century ) .

neg: Czech lands The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands ( České země ) are the three historical regions of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . Together the three have formed the Czech Republic since 1 January 1993 .   In a historical context , Czech texts use the term to refer to any territory ruled by the Kings of Bohemia , i.e. , the lands of the Bohemian Crown ( země Koruny české ) as established by Emperor Charles IV in the 14th century . This would include territories like the Lusatias ( which in 1635 fell to Saxony ) and the whole of Silesia , all ruled from Prague Castle at that time . After the conquest of Silesia by the Prussian king Frederick the Great in 1742 , the remaining lands of the Bohemian Crown -- Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia -- have been more or less co-extensive with the territory of the modern-day Czech Republic .

neg: Hydrology of Hungary The hydrology of Hungary is mostly determined by Hungary 's lying in the middle of the Carpathian Basin , half surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains . All parts of the country have some outflow . All surface water gravitates towards its southern centre , and from there , is united in the Danube , which flows into the Black Sea . The whole of Hungary lies within the Danube drainage basin .   The total length of all the irrigation systems and inland waterways in the country is about 26000 km .   The annual water balance of the country shows a surplus . Yearly about 100 km3 of water leaves the country towards the Black Sea . From that , precipitation amounts for only 10 % , the rest being provided by the incoming rivers of surrounding countries .


query: Ethiopia is located on Earth.

pos: Ethiopia Ethiopia ( -LSB- ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə -RSB- ኢትዮጵያ , , ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ , yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk ) , is a country located in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast , Djibouti and Somalia to the east , Sudan and South Sudan to the west , and Kenya to the south . With over 100 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world , as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria . It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 km2 , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa .   Some of the oldest evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC , Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history . During the first centuries AD , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . Ethiopia derived prestige with its uniquely successful military resistance during the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , becoming the only African country to defeat a European colonial power and retain its sovereignty . Subsequently , many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopia 's flag following their independence . It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations . In 1974 , at the end of Haile Selassie 's reign , power fell to a communist military dictatorship known as the Derg , backed by the Soviet Union , until it was defeated by the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front , which has ruled since about the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 .   Ethiopia 's ancient Ge'ez script , also known as Ethiopic , is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world . The Ethiopian calendar , which is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar , co-exists alongside the Borana calendar . A majority of the population adheres to Christianity ( mainly the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and P'ent ` ay ) , while around a third follows Islam ( primarily Sunni Islam ) . The country is the site of the Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash . A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews , known as Bete Israel , resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s , but most of them have since emigrated to Israel . Ethiopia is a multilingual nation with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups , the four largest of which are the Oromiffa , Amhara , Somali , and Tigrayans . Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches . Additionally , Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions . Nilo-Saharan languages are also spoken by the nation 's Nilotic ethnic minorities .   Ethiopia is the place of origin for the coffee bean which originated from the place called Kefa ( which was one of the 14 provinces in the old Ethiopian administration ) . It is a land of natural contrasts , with its vast fertile West , jungles , and numerous rivers , and the world 's hottest settlement of Dallol in its north . The Ethiopian Highlands are Africa 's largest continuous mountain ranges , and Sof Omar Caves contain Africa 's largest cave . Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa .   Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the UN , the Group of 24 ( G-24 ) , the Non-Aligned Movement , G-77 and the Organisation of African Unity . Ethiopia 's capital city Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of the African Union , the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry , the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa , African Aviation Training HQ , the African Standby Force , and many of the global NGOs focused on Africa . In the 1970s and 1980s , Ethiopia suffered from civil wars and communist purges which devastated its economy . The country has begun to recover recently however , and now has the largest economy ( by GDP ) in East Africa and Central Africa . According to Global Fire Power , Ethiopia has the 42nd most powerful military in the world , and the third most powerful in Africa .

neg: Lake Bario Lake Bario is one of a chain of lakes into which the Awash River empties its waters . It is located at the eastern end of the Afar Region of Ethiopia , at .   Lake Bario lies in the middle of a swamp , through which it receives its inflow from Lake Afambo to the northeast . Its outflow is on its southern side , which circles around Mount Dama Ali to empty into Lake Abbe .

neg: People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia The People 's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( PDRE ) was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991 , as established by the Communist government of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Workers ' Party of Ethiopia ( WPE ) . Its creation led to the dissolution of the Derg , the military junta formerly in charge of the country . A Marxist-Leninist one-party state with the WPE as supreme authority took its place , though the WPE 's leadership was dominated by the surviving members of the Derg .   After five years of preparation , a socialist state was officially proclaimed in 1984 , and the WPE was formed as the country 's only legal party . It was a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party modeled on its counterparts in Europe . The PDRE officially came into existence on 22 February 1987 , three weeks after the national referendum that approved the 1987 constitution , although the Derg remained in power as late as September , long after the 14 June general election that elected the members of the National Shengo ( the legislature ) .   The WPE was officially granted a monopoly of power as the `` leading force in the state and society . '' The government was highly centralized and for all intents and purposes acted as merely a transmission belt for the party .   Throughout the PDRE 's brief life , its authority was challenged not only by armed militants in Eritrea , which had been annexed to Ethiopia several decades earlier , but also by internal resistance groups , foremost of which was the Tigrayan Peoples ' Liberation Front . The PDRE came to an end in May 1991 , when Mengistu fled Ethiopia and military units of the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front entered Addis Ababa .

neg: Welayta people Wolayta ( also spelled Wolaitta ) ( Ethiopic : ወላይታ Wolaytta ) is the name of an ethnic group and its former kingdom , located in southern Ethiopia . According to the most recent census ( 2007 ) , the people of Wolayta number 1.7 million , or 2.31 percent of the country 's population , of whom 289,707 are city-dwellers . The language of the Wolayta people , similarly called Wolaytta , belongs to the Omotic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family . Despite their small population , Wolayta people have widely influenced national music , dance and cuisine in Ethiopia .

neg: Water conflict between Ethiopia and Kenya The water conflict between Ethiopia and Kenya is a development dispute due to the receding water resource along the border between Ethiopia and Kenya .

neg: Lake Langano Langano ( Amharic : ላንጋኖ ) is a lake in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia , exactly 200 kilometers by road south of the capital , Addis Ababa , on the border between the Misraq Shewa and Arsi Zones . The first European to record its existence , Oscar Neumann , records that it was also known as `` Lake Kore '' . It is located to the east of Lake Abijatta in the Main Ethiopian Rift at an elevation of 1,585 meters .

neg: Sagan, Ethiopia Sagan is a town in southern Ethiopia . Located in the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1066 meters above sea level . It is named after the nearby Sagan River , a tributary of the Weito .   An elementary school building was constructed in Sagan with assistance from Sweden through ESBU . The school was opened in 1966

neg: Ethiopia–Serbia relations Ethiopia -- Serbia relations are bilateral ties between Ethiopia and Serbia . Since the time of former Yugoslavia , relations between the two nations have been warm . Both Ethiopia and Serbia are majority Orthodox Christian nations . Ethiopia is one of Serbia 's strongest advocates in Africa when it comes to their position on the recognition of Kosovo .

neg: Harenna Forest The Harenna Forest is located in a region of the Bale Mountains , in the Oromia Region of southeastern Ethiopia .   It is one of the few remaining natural forests in the country .

neg: Lake Basaka Lake Basaka ( Basaka Hayk in Amharic ) is a shallow , saline lake in the Oromia Region of central Ethiopia . It is located in the Great Rift Valley about 200 km south east of the capital Addis Ababa . The lake is at an elevation of 950 m.

neg: Geography of Botswana Botswana is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa , north of South Africa . Botswana occupies an area of 581730 km2 , of which 566730 km2 are land . Botswana has land boundaries of combined length 4347.15 km , of which the constituent boundaries are shared with Namibia , for 1544 km ; South Africa 1969 km ; Zimbabwe , 834 km and Zambia , 0.15 km . Much of the population of Botswana is concentrated in the eastern part of the country .   Sunshine totals are high all year round although winter is the sunniest period . The whole country is windy and dusty during the dry season .

neg: Ethiopian movement The Ethiopian Movement is a religious movement that began in southern Africa towards the end of the 19th century , when two groups broke away from the Anglican and Methodist churches . One of the main reasons for breaking away was that the parent denominations were perceived to be too much under white control , with not enough scope being given to African leadership .   The Ethiopian movement was based on their interpretation of a Biblical passage ( Psalm 68:31 ) : `` Ethiopia shall soon stretch forth its hands unto God '' ( in the original Hebrew , actually כוש Cush ) .   The term was later given a much wider interpretation by Bengt Sundkler , whose book Bantu prophets in South Africa was the first comprehensive study of African Independent Churches ( AICs ) .

neg: Hadar, Ethiopia Hadar ( also spelled Adda Da'ar ; Afar `` treaty -LSB- ahdi -RSB- stream -LSB- d'ar -RSB- '' ) is a village in Ethiopia , on the southern edge of the Afar Triangle . The village is known for the nearby archaeological digs which have yielded some well-known hominin fossils .   According to Jon Kalb , early maps show caravan routes passing within 10 or 15 kilometers of Hadar but not through it . The British explorer L.M. Nesbitt passed 15 kilometres west of Hadar in 1928 .

neg: Alem Tena Alem Tena is the town in central Ethiopia . It is the administrative center of Bora woreda . Located in the Misraq Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region , it has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1,611 meters .

neg: Catholic Church in Ethiopia The Catholic Church in Ethiopia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church , under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome .   The Oriental Ethiopian Catholic Church , the primary organization of Catholicism in the country , is especially close to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church , whose doctrine and liturgical tradition it shares . While separated by their understanding of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome , the Ethiopian Catholic and Orthodox Churches have basically the same sacraments and liturgy . As of 2010 , there were 610,714 members of the Ethiopian Catholic Church . There are also a small number of Latin-Rite Catholics in the country , primarily Italian Ethiopians .

neg: Gewane Gewane is a town in north-eastern Ethiopia . Located in Administrative Zone 3 of the Afar Region , it has an elevation of 618 meters above sea level . Gewane is locally known as New Gewane , 2 kilometers east of the original settlement known as Old Gewane ; the town was relocated astride the main , all-weather highway . It is the administrative center of Gewane woreda .

neg: Politics of Ethiopia The politics of Ethiopia arise from the way the government of Ethiopia is structured as well as socioeconomic factors .

neg: List of companies based in Eritrea Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea , is a country in the Horn of Africa . The economy of Eritrea has experienced considerable growth in recent years , indicated by an improvement in Gross domestic product ( GDP ) in October 2012 of 7.5 percent over 2011 . However , worker remittances from abroad are estimated to account for 32 percent of gross domestic product . Eritrea has an extensive amount of resources such as copper , gold , granite , marble , and potash . The Eritrean economy has undergone extreme changes due to the War of Independence . In 2011 , Eritrea 's GDP grew by 8.7 percent making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world . The Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) expects it to maintain a high growth rate of 8.5 percent in 2013 .

neg: Geography of Antarctica The geography of Antarctica is dominated by its south polar location and , thus , by ice . The Antarctic continent , located in the Earth 's southern hemisphere , is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle . It is washed by the Southern ( or Antarctic ) Ocean or , depending on definition , the southern Pacific , Atlantic , and Indian Oceans . It has an area of more than 14 million km ² .   Some 98 % of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet , the world 's largest ice sheet and also its largest reservoir of fresh water . Averaging at least 1.6 km thick , the ice is so massive that it has depressed the continental bedrock in some areas more than 2.5 km below sea level ; subglacial lakes of liquid water also occur ( e.g. , Lake Vostok ) . Ice shelves and rises populate the ice sheet on the periphery .

neg: Sebeta Sebeta is a town and separate woreda in central Ethiopia , and a suburb of Addis Ababa . Located in the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne of the Oromia Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of and an elevation of 2,356 meters ( 7,730 feet ) above sea level .   The Sebeta School for the Blind is located in Sebeta . It became part of the Haile Selassie I Foundation in 1959 , and construction on a new building began on 4 October 1962 . The Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research opened a research station in Sebeta in 1967 , which operates as the national center for research into improving fishing yields .


query: Barbara Bain is an actress.

pos: Barbara Bain Barbara Bain ( born September 13 , 1931 ) is an American film and television actress . She is known for co-starring in the original Mission : Impossible television series in the 1960s as Cinnamon Carter .

neg: Cor, Blimey! Cor , Blimey ! is a 2000 TV film that follows the relationship between Carry On film actors Sid James ( played by Geoffrey Hutchings ) and Barbara Windsor ( played by Samantha Spiro ) .   The film , first broadcast on ITV in April 2000 , was adapted by Terry Johnson from his stage play Cleo , Camping , Emmanuelle and Dick which debuted at the Royal National Theatre in 1998 .

neg: Anne of Avonlea (1975 film) Anne of Avonlea is a film made for television 4-part mini-series , developed in the United Kingdom by the BBC . It is based on Anne of Avonlea , the sequel to Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery .

neg: Barbara Turner Barbara Turner may refer to :   Barbara Turner ( actress ) ( 1936 -- 2016 ) , American screenwriter and former actress  Barbara Turner ( basketball ) ( born 1984 ) , American professional basketball player

neg: Barbara Wood Barbara Wood ( born January 30 , 1947 , in Warrington ( Lancashire , England ) is an American writer of historical romance novels . Her family moved to California , where she grew up .

neg: Barbara Leigh-Hunt Barbara Leigh-Hunt ( born 14 December 1935 in Bath , Somerset ) is a British actress who has appeared on stage , film , television and radio .

neg: Barbara Tyson Barbara Tyson ( born October 1 , 1964 ) is a Canadian actress known for appearing in hit TV series Neon Rider , Cold Squad , ER and The Twilight Zone . One of her first notable television roles was in Another World as Dawn Rollo , the first HIV-positive character to be introduced in a daytime soap opera in the United States . She was credited as Barbara Bush in her early roles .   Originally from Capreol , Ontario , she moved with her mother several times in childhood after her parents ' divorce , finally spending her teen years in Barrie . Her first-ever acting audition was for a role in the Donald Sutherland film Threshold , which went to Mare Winningham . She had early guest roles in Canadian television , and appeared as Carol Burnett 's daughter in the television film Between Friends , before moving to New York City in 1985 . She had just $ 1.87 in her savings account the day she won her role in Another World . After that role ended , she continued to appear in guest roles before securing her starring role in the Canadian series Neon Rider , which lasted for four seasons .   She was nominated for a Gemini Award for Best Guest Performance in a Series by an Actor or Actress in 1994 for a guest appearance in '' North of 60 .

neg: Pat Bond Pat Bond ( February 27 , 1925 -- December 24 , 1990 ) was an American actress who starred on stage and on television , as well as in motion pictures . She was openly lesbian and in many cases she was the first gay woman people saw on stage . Her career spanned some forty years .

neg: Benton C Bainbridge Benton C Bainbridge ( born January 22 , 1966 ) is an American media artist known for creating single channel video , interactive artworks , immersive installations and live visual performances with custom digital , analog and optical systems of his own design .   He is faculty at School of Visual Arts MFA Computer Arts department . His work is collected in the Turbulence.org collection and The `` ETC : Experimental Television Center Archives '' in the Rose Goldsen Media Archives at Cornell University and The Kitchen Archive at the Getty Research Institute . From 2006-2007 , Bainbridge was Education Fellow at Eyebeam . He has since realized many projects there , including the inaugural MIXER event and VHS portraits .   His early career focused on the live creation of electronic cinema in collaboration with other artists and anticipated today 's VJ collectives . Bainbridge 's aesthetic technique is characterized by extensive realtime manipulation analog and digital media . His work is presented in both art and entertainment spaces ranging from museums to stadiums .   He has shown across five continents , collaborating with artists including the Beastie Boys , Kaki King , Pauline Oliveros , V. Owen Bush , Abigail Child , Nick Didkovsky , Bobby Previte , Jin Hi Kim , Dream Theater , Barbara Held , Lonnie Holley and Tonstartssbandht ,  among many others .   Bainbridge has shown his work in venues such as the Whitney Museum of American Art , Museum of Modern Art , Lincoln Center , Madison Square Garden , The Kitchen ( NYC ) , EMPAC ( Troy , NY ) , the American Museum of Natural History , SFMOMA ( San Francisco ) , Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden ( Washington , D.C. ) , Dallas Video Festival , Boston Cyberarts Festival , Eyebeam , Mercat des les Flors ( Barcelona ) , LUX2006 ( Sevilla ) , Auditorium Parco della Musica ( Roma ) , Test-Portal ( Amsterdam ) , Sonic Light ( Amsterdam ) , Wien Modern ( Vienna ) , Inventionen ( Berlin ) , Teatro Colón CETC ( Buenos Aires ) , CELCIT ( Managua ) , Xi'an China International Horticultural Exposition 2011 , Korean Festival ( Seoul ) , Good Vibrations ( Australia ) , and MTV Networks ( global ) .

neg: Barbara Leigh Barbara Leigh ( born Barbara Ann Kish ; November 16 , 1946 ) is a former American actress and fashion model . Her breakthrough role came in 1972 with the film Junior Bonner , which she starred alongside her then-boyfriend Steve McQueen . She later became the first model to wear the Vampirella costume on the cover of the original Warren Vampirella magazine , # 67 ( March 1975 ) .

neg: On Expenses On Expenses is a 2010 British television film directed by Simon Cellan Jones and starring Anna Maxwell Martin as Heather Brooke and Brian Cox as Michael Martin .   The film documents the true story of American journalist Heather Brooke 's attempt to get expenses claims of Members of Parliament released under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and Speaker Michael Martin 's battle to prevent it .   Heather Brooke herself appeared in the production in a non-speaking role playing the part of an unnamed MP sitting on the government benches in a scene where Michael Martin is elected to the position of Speaker of the House of Commons .

neg: Mary Barclay Mary Barclay ( 20 July 1916 -- 19 February 2008 ) was an English film , television and theatre actress . She was best known for playing Stella Dane in the Crossroads television series , as well as her role in the 1973 film , A Touch of Class .

neg: Imogen Bain Imogen Bain ( 17 April 1959 -- 5 July 2014 ) was an English stage and screen actress .

neg: Ann Catherine Holbrook Ann Catherine Holbrook ( born Ann Catherine Jackson ) was a British actress .

neg: Barry MacKay (actor) Barry MacKay ( 8 January 1906 -- 12 December 1985 ) was a British actor .   He was most prominently seen in light comedic roles in the British cinema of the 1930s and is perhaps best known as Jessie Matthews ' leading man in Evergreen ( 1934 ) , Gangway ( 1937 ) and Sailing Along ( 1938 ) .   Other notable roles include Lieutenant Somerville in Brown on Resolution ( 1935 ) and as Fred , Scrooge 's nephew , in MGM 's film A Christmas Carol ( 1938 ) , the latter being one of two films he made in the US ; the other was the lead role in a B-picture , Smuggled Cargo ( 1939 ) . After these films there was a long gap in his film career until he reappeared as a character actor in the 1950s , making his last film ( Timeslip ) in 1955 .   Barry also appeared in the 1954 Sheldon Reynolds produced Sherlock Holmes television series . He portrayed Reggie `` Sardines '' Taunton in episode 17 ; `` The Case of the Laughing Mummy '' .

neg: Black Books Black Books is a British sitcom created by Dylan Moran and Graham Linehan and broadcast on Channel 4 from 2000 to 2004 . Starring Moran , Bill Bailey and Tamsin Greig , the series is set in the eponymous London bookshop and follows the lives of its owner Bernard Black ( Moran ) , his assistant Manny Bianco ( Bailey ) and their friend Fran Katzenjammer ( Greig ) . The series was produced by Big Talk Productions , in association with Channel 4 .   The show was produced in a multiple-camera setup , and was primarily filmed at Teddington Studios in Teddington , London , with exterior scenes filmed on location on Leigh Street and the surrounding areas in Bloomsbury . The debut episode premiered on 29 September 2000 and three seasons followed , with the final episode airing on 15 April 2004 .   Black Books was a critical success , winning a number of awards , including two BAFTA awards for Best Situation Comedy in 2001 and 2005 and a Bronze Rose at the Festival Rose d'Or .

neg: B-And-B B-And-B was a British sitcom starring Bernard Braden , his wife Barbara Kelly and their daughter Kim Braden . It was written by Michael Pertwee , and aired for a pilot and one series in 1968 .

neg: Carry On Spying Carry On Spying is a 1964 film , the ninth in the series of Carry On films to be made . It marks Barbara Windsor 's first appearance in the series . Series regulars Kenneth Williams , Charles Hawtrey and Jim Dale are present . Bernard Cribbins makes the second of his three Carry On appearances ( although it would be 28 years before he returned in Carry On Columbus ) . Eric Barker appears for his third entry ( his final appearance would be in Carry On Emmannuelle 14 years later ) . Dilys Laye returns after her debut in Carry On Cruising . Carry On Spying is the last Carry On film shot in black and white .

neg: In Love with Barbara In Love with Barbara is a 2008 drama film , inspired by the life of the romantic novelist Barbara Cartland , which tells the story of what made her the Queen of Romance . It was written by Jacquetta May and shown on BBC Four at 9:00 pm , on Sunday 26 October 2008 .

neg: Barbara Britton Barbara Britton ( September 26 , 1919 -- January 17 , 1980 ) was an American film and television actress . She is best known for her western film roles opposite Randolph Scott , Joel McCrea , and Gene Autry and for her two-year tenure as inquisitive amateur sleuth Pam North on the television and radio series Mr. and Mrs. North .

neg: Barbara Everest Barbara Everest ( 19 June 1890 -- 9 February 1968 ) was a British stage and film actress . She was born in Southfields , Surrey , and made her screen debut in the 1916 film The Man Without a Soul .


query: Jodie Foster was the director of a comedy-drama film.

pos: Jodie Foster Alicia Christian `` Jodie '' Foster ( born November 19 , 1962 ) is an American actress and filmmaker who has worked in films and on television . She has often been cited as one of the best actresses of her generation . Foster began her career at the age of three as a child model in 1965 , and two years later moved to acting in television series , with the sitcom Mayberry R.F.D. being her debut . In the late 1960s and early 1970s , she worked in several primetime television series and starred in children 's films . Foster 's breakthrough came in Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) , in which she played a teenage prostitute ; the role garnered her a nomination for an Academy Award . Her other critically acclaimed roles as a teenager were in the musical Bugsy Malone ( 1976 ) and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane ( 1976 ) , and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney 's Freaky Friday ( 1976 ) , Candleshoe ( 1977 ) and Foxes ( 1980 ) .   After attending college at Yale , Foster struggled to transition to adult roles until winning widespread critical acclaim for her portrayal of a rape survivor in The Accused ( 1988 ) , for which she won several awards , including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe . She won her second Academy Award three years later for her role in the sleeper hit The Silence of the Lambs , where she played Clarice Starling , an FBI trainee investigating a serial murder case . Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with the moderately successful Little Man Tate ( 1991 ) , and founded her own production company , Egg Pictures , in 1992 . The company 's first production was Nell ( 1994 ) , in which she also played the title role , gaining another nomination for an Academy Award . Her other films in the 1990s included period drama Sommersby , Western comedy Maverick ( 1994 ) , science fiction film Contact ( 1997 ) , and period drama Anna and the King ( 1999 ) . Her second film direction , Home for the Holidays ( 1995 ) , was not well-received commercially , while critical reviews were mixed .   After career setbacks in the early 2000s , which included the cancellation of a film project and the closing down of her production company , Foster starred in four thrillers , Panic Room ( 2002 ) , Flightplan ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) and The Brave One ( 2007 ) . She has focused on directing in the 2010s , directing the films The Beaver ( 2011 ) and Money Monster ( 2016 ) , as well as episodes for Netflix television series Orange is the New Black and House of Cards . She also starred in the film Elysium ( 2013 ) . In addition to her two Academy Awards , Foster has won three BAFTA Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , a Screen Actors Guild Award and the Cecil B DeMille Award .

pos: The Beaver (film) The Beaver is a 2011 comedy-drama film directed by Jodie Foster and written by Kyle Killen . This film stars Mel Gibson , Foster , Anton Yelchin , and Jennifer Lawrence . This is Gibson and Foster 's first film together since 1994 's Maverick and Summit Entertainment 's only film to have Entertainment One not distribute it within the UK .

pos: Home for the Holidays (1995 film) Home for the Holidays is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Jodie Foster and produced by Peggy Rajski and Foster . The screenplay was by W. D. Richter based on the short story by Chris Radant . The music score was by Mark Isham and the cinematography by Lajos Koltai .   The film stars Holly Hunter , Robert Downey Jr. , Anne Bancroft , Charles Durning , Dylan McDermott , Geraldine Chaplin , Steve Guttenberg , Cynthia Stevenson , Claire Danes , Austin Pendleton and David Strathairn .

neg: The Hotel New Hampshire (film) The Hotel New Hampshire is a 1984 British-Canadian-American comedy-drama film written and directed by Tony Richardson based on John Irving 's 1981 novel of the same name . The film stars Jodie Foster , Beau Bridges , Rob Lowe , and Nastassja Kinski , and also features Wilford Brimley , Amanda Plummer , Matthew Modine , and a young Seth Green in a supporting role . The film is a co-production from the United Kingdom , Canada , and the United States .   In an introductory foreword that he wrote for a later edition of the novel , author Irving stated that he was thrilled when Richardson informed him that he wanted to adapt the book to the screen . Irving wrote that he was very happy with the adaptation , complaining only that he felt Richardson tried to make the film too faithful to the book , noting the manner in which Richardson would often speed up the action in an attempt to include more material onscreen .

neg: On My Way (film) On My Way ( Elle s ` en va ) is a 2013 French comedy-drama film directed by Emmanuelle Bercot . The film premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival .

neg: George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake .   Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .

neg: Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .

neg: La Fidelidad La Fidelidad is a 1970 Argentine comedy film drama directed by and written by Juan José Jusid .

neg: The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys is a 2002 independent comedy-drama film directed by Peter Care and based on a 1994 semi-autobiographical coming-of-age novel by Chris Fuhrman . The film stars Emile Hirsch , Kieran Culkin , Jena Malone , Jodie Foster , and Vincent D'Onofrio .   The film is about a group of Catholic school friends in the Southern United States in the 1970s who engage in a series of pranks and general mischief . The boys also collaborate on a comic book they call The Atomic Trinity . Interspersed within the film are segments of animated footage based on the comic book .   Fuhrman died of cancer before completing the final revision of the novel . The film is dedicated to his memory .

neg: Backyard Ashes Backyard Ashes is a 2013 Australian comedy film about backyard cricket games .

neg: Foster (film) Foster ( also known as Angel in the House ) is a 2011 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Jonathan Newman , based on his 2005 short film . Part of it was shot at Legoland Windsor in April 2010 . The film stars Golden Globe winner Toni Collette , Ioan Gruffudd , Richard E. Grant , BAFTA Award winner Hayley Mills and Maurice Cole .

neg: Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California .   The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .

neg: Loosies Loosies ( also known as Love Is Not a Crime and Pick Pocket ) is a 2012 romantic comedy-drama film written and produced by Peter Facinelli , and directed by Michael Corrente . The film stars Peter Facinelli , Jaimie Alexander , Michael Madsen , Joe Pantoliano , William Forsythe , Christy Carlson Romano , Glenn Ciano , Vincent Gallo and Chad A. Verdi .

neg: You Can't Beat Love You Ca n't Beat Love is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Christy Cabanne and written by Maxwell Shane and David Silverstein . The film stars Preston Foster , Joan Fontaine , Herbert Mundin , William Brisbane and Alan Bruce . The film was released on June 25 , 1937 .

neg: Just to Be Sure Just to Be Sure ( Ôtez-moi d'un Doute ) is a 2017 French comedy film directed by Carine Tardieu . It was screened in the Directors ' Fortnight section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 .   Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . ''   The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .

neg: Messy Christmas Messy Christmas ( Meine schöne Bescherung ) is a 2007 German comedy film directed by Vanessa Jopp .

neg: Tick Tock Lullaby Tick Tock Lullaby is a British indie comedy-drama film of 2007 written and directed by Lisa Gornick .

neg: Zim and Co. Zim and Co. is a 2005 French comedy film directed by Pierre Jolivet . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Another Happy Day Another Happy Day is a 2011 American black comedy-drama film written and directed by Sam Levinson . The film stars an ensemble cast including Ellen Barkin , Kate Bosworth , Ellen Burstyn , Thomas Haden Church , George Kennedy , Ezra Miller , Demi Moore , Siobhan Fallon Hogan , Michael Nardelli , Jeffrey DeMunn , and Diana Scarwid .

neg: List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews .   Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .

neg: Nina's Heavenly Delights Nina 's Heavenly Delights is a 2006 British drama Romance comedy film , directed by Pratibha Parmar . The film was released on 29 September 2006 in the United Kingdom , and on 21 November 2007 in the United States .

neg: New Year's Day (1989 film) New Year 's Day is a 1989 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Henry Jaglom . It was entered into the main competition at the 46th Venice International Film Festival .