query: Jake Gyllenhaal is in Nocturnal Animals as an actor.

pos: Jake Gyllenhaal Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- ; born December 19 , 1980 ) is an American actor . A member of the Gyllenhaal family and the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner , Gyllenhaal began acting as a child with a screen debut in City Slickers ( 1991 ) , followed by roles in A Dangerous Woman ( 1993 ) and Homegrown ( 1998 ) . His breakthrough performance was as Homer Hickam in October Sky ( 1999 ) and he garnered an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead for playing the title character in the indie cult hit Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) , in which he played a psychologically troubled teenager alongside his older sister , Maggie Gyllenhaal . He subsequently appeared in another indie film , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) and the climate fiction-disaster film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , portraying a student caught in a cataclysmic climate event .   In 2005 , Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony `` Swoff '' Swofford in Jarhead , Gwyneth Paltrow 's love interest in Proof , and Jack Twist in Ang Lee 's Brokeback Mountain . For his performance in Brokeback Mountain , he received critical acclaim and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role , the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor .   Gyllenhaal received further recognition for roles in Zodiac ( 2007 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Love & Other Drugs ( 2010 ) , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , Source Code ( 2011 ) , End of Watch ( 2012 ) , Prisoners , Enemy ( both 2013 ) , Nightcrawler ( 2014 ) , Southpaw ( 2015 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . For Nightcrawler , his performance was widely acclaimed and received rave reviews from critics and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .

neg: Pet (film) Pet is an American/Spanish psychological thriller film written by Jeremy Slater , directed by Carles Torrens , and starring Dominic Monaghan , Ksenia Solo , Jennette McCurdy , and Nathan Parsons . The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2016 and was released to theaters on December 2 , 2016 .

neg: Brothers (2009 film) Brothers is a 2009 American psychological war drama film and a remake of Susanne Bier 's Danish film Brødre ( 2004 ) , which takes place in Afghanistan and Denmark . The film stars Tobey Maguire , Jake Gyllenhaal , and Natalie Portman , and is directed by Jim Sheridan . Both films take inspiration from Homer 's epic poem , the Odyssey . The film received a mixed to positive response and grossed $ 43 million . Tobey Maguire received particular praise for his performance and received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama for his performance .

neg: G:MT – Greenwich Mean Time G : MT -- Greenwich Mean Time is a 1999 British drama film .   Starring Steve John Shepherd and Chiwetel Ejiofor , the film features music by Acid Jazz and Jungle artists including Talvin Singh , Hinda Hicks and Imogen Heap . It was also one of the last projects of the late jazz trumpeter Lester Bowie .

neg: Eternity (2010 South African film) Eternity is a South African horror film which tells the story of a clash between vampires over the use of a serum that would allow them to walk in the daylight . Written by Anton Ernst and Wolfgang Muller , and stars Hlomla Dandala , Ian Roberts , David James , and Andre Frauenstein .

neg: Jake Busey William Jacob `` Jake '' Busey ( born June 15 , 1971 ) is an American actor , musician and film producer . He is sometimes credited as Jacob Busey or William Busey . Busey was born in Los Angeles , and raised in Malibu , California , the son of photographer Judy Lynn Helkenberg , and actor Gary Busey . Busey spent his childhood on film sets and touring with bands in which his father played . He began considering his career choices at the age of five when he took up the two hobbies that grew into professions : acting and playing drums .

neg: Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks Jakers ! The Adventures of Piggley Winks ( or Jakers in Europe ) is an American-British-Irish computer-animated children 's television series . The series was broadcast in the United States on PBS Kids . It was also broadcast in Australia on ABC Kids .   The show chronicles the boyhood adventures of Piggley Winks , an anthropomorphic pig from Ireland , and how he relates these stories to his grandchildren as a grandfather in the present day .   The word `` jakers '' was originally a euphemism for `` Jesus '' in much of Ireland during the 1950s and 1960s , and was an exclamation of surprise , delight , dismay , or alarm . Piggley and his father use it to express their delight when they discover something on their adventures .   Notably , the show contains voice work by both Joan Rivers and Mel Brooks .

neg: The Theory of Everything (2014 film) The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking , which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband , theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking , his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS , also known as Lou Gehrig 's disease or motor neurone disease ) , and his success in physics .   The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox , Emily Watson , Simon McBurney , Christian McKay , Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014 .   The film was acclaimed critically worldwide , with praise for the musical score , cinematography and the performance of Felicity Jones and especially Eddie Redmayne , which earned him nominations for a variety of accolades in award shows and film festivals , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson . It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations , winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne . It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film , Best Leading Actor ( for Redmayne ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( for McCarten ) .

neg: They (2002 film) They ( also known as Wes Craven Presents : They ) is a 2002 American supernatural horror film directed by Robert Harmon . The plot centers on a group of four adults named Julia Lund , Sam Burnside , Terry Alba , and Billy Parks and their experience with the phenomenon of night terrors and the impact they had on their lives as children and how they come back to haunt them as adults .   The film was produced by Ted Field , Tom Engleman , and Wes Craven who served as executive producer . The film stars Laura Regan , Ethan Embry , Dagmara Dominczyk , Jay Brazeau , and Marc Blucas . The title is a reference to the fact that the creatures are only referred to as `` They '' as their origins are ambiguous . The film was a box office bomb and had lukewarm reviews from critics .

neg: Animal (Miike Snow song) `` Animal '' is a song performed by Swedish indie pop band Miike Snow . It was released as the first single from the band 's 2009 self-titled debut album on 17 February 2009 through Columbia and Downtown Records . Written by the band alongside Henrik Jonback , `` Animal '' is a pop song with instrumentation provided by horns and staccato synthesizers . Lead singer Andrew Wyatt has explained that it has an ambiguous meaning ; its lyrics can be interpreted as dealing with matters such as addiction , basic instincts or dissatisfaction when one 's needs are not met by society .   Applauding its catchiness and pop sound , critics were positive towards `` Animal '' . Following its release in the United Kingdom , the single managed to peak at number 98 on the UK Singles Chart , but failed to chart elsewhere . Two music videos were made to promote the release of `` Animal '' ; the first was directed by Sebastian Mlynarski and depicts the band wearing different animal masks , and the second video , directed by Anthony Dickenson , features a mixture of projections , animation and performance footage .

neg: Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities .   On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .

neg: Joel Beckett Joel Beckett ( born Joel Bygraves ) is an actor , known for playing Jake Moon in the BBC soap opera EastEnders from December 2004 to October 2006 and as Lee in the British comedy series The Office . Born in Potton , Bedfordshire , he was educated at Bedford School .   He also played Lee , Dawn 's fiance in Ricky Gervais & Stephen Merchant 's The Office and also appeared in other television series such as Holby City and Band of Brothers . In 2005 he appeared in the film Green Street as a pub landlord .

neg: Animal Farm (1999 film) Animal Farm is a made-for-TV film released in 1999 by Hallmark Films and broadcast on the American cable channel TNT . It is an adaptation of the 1945 George Orwell novel of the same name . The film tells the story of farm animals successfully revolting against their human owner , only to slide into a more brutal tyranny among themselves . The film received mixed reviews when it was broadcast , with much criticism directed at its ending .

neg: Jake D'Arcy Jake D'Arcy , ( born John Sinclair , 2 December 1945 -- 30 May 2015 ) was a Scottish actor , most recently known for playing `` Peter McCormack '' or `` Pete the Jakey '' in the Scottish comedy program Still Game from 2002 until 2007 , a role he reprised in 2014 for the live show at the SSE Hydro .

neg: The Wild Geese The Wild Geese is a 1978 British adventure film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen about a group of mercenaries in Africa . It stars Richard Burton , Roger Moore , Richard Harris , and Hardy Krüger . The film was the result of a long-held ambition of its producer Euan Lloyd to make an all-star adventure film similar to The Guns of Navarone or Where Eagles Dare . The same producer and director were later responsible for The Sea Wolves .   The screenplay by Reginald Rose was based on an unpublished novel titled The Thin White Line by Daniel Carney . The film was named The Wild Geese after the Wild Goose flag and shoulder patch used by Michael `` Mad Mike '' Hoare 's Five Commando , ANC , which in turn was inspired by a 17th-century Irish mercenary army ( see Flight of the Wild Geese ) . Carney 's novel was subsequently published by Corgi Books under the same title as the film .   The novel was based upon rumours and speculation following the 1968 landing of a mysterious aeroplane in Rhodesia , which was said to have been loaded with mercenaries and `` an African president '' believed to have been a dying Moïse Tshombe .

neg: Jake McGann Jake McGann ( born 1990 ) is an English actor . He is the second and younger son of actor Paul McGann and Annie Milner . He has an elder brother , Joseph McGann , born in 1988 . He is the nephew of actors Joe , Mark and Stephen McGann .   In 2007 , he appeared in two Doctor Who audio dramas starring his father as the Doctor : Immortal Beloved and The Girl Who Never Was , before playing the title role in the 2009 audio , An Earthly Child , where he played The Doctor 's great-grandson Alex Campbell . He reprised his role in the audio dramas Relative Dimensions and To the Death .   Jake found himself involved in the Doctor Who audio dramas after joining his father at the BBC on work experience .

neg: Nightwatch (1997 film) Nightwatch is a 1997 American horror-thriller film directed by Ole Bornedal and starring Ewan McGregor , Patricia Arquette , Josh Brolin and Nick Nolte . It was written by Bornedal and Steven Soderbergh . It is a remake of the Danish film Nattevagten ( 1994 ) , which was also directed by Bornedal .

neg: Goats (film) Goats is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Neil and written by Mark Poirier based on his 2000 novel Goats . The film stars David Duchovny , Vera Farmiga , Graham Phillips , Keri Russell , Justin Kirk , and Ty Burrell . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2012 , and was given a limited release in the United States on August 10 , 2012 by Image Entertainment .

neg: Global Creatures Global Creatures is an international touring theater company that specialises in shows featuring animatronic animals . It is privately owned by Gerry Ryan and is best known for Walking with Dinosaurs , which reached 350 million at the box office and King Kong the Musical . It has also presented DreamWork 's How to Train Your Dragon theatrical spectacular .   The company has twice topped the BRW list of Australia 's Highest Earning Entertainers in 2010 and 2011 .

neg: Sleeping Dogs (film) Sleeping Dogs is a 1977 film based on the book Smith 's Dream by C. K. Stead , and is the first feature film by director Roger Donaldson . Featuring Sam Neill , Clyde Scott and Warren Oates it is notable for being the first feature-length 35 mm film produced entirely in New Zealand .   A political thriller with action film elements , it follows the lead character `` Smith '' ( Neill ) as New Zealand plunges into a police state as a fascist government institutes martial law after industrial disputes flare into violence . Smith gets caught between the special police and a growing resistance movement and reluctantly becomes involved .

neg: Tusk (2014 film) Tusk is a 2014 American comedy horror film written and directed by Kevin Smith , based on a story from his SModcast podcast . The film stars Michael Parks , Justin Long , Haley Joel Osment , Génesis Rodríguez , and Johnny Depp . The film is intended to be the first in Smith 's planned True North trilogy .   Tusk had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival , before it was released on September 19 , 2014 , by A24 . The film was Smith 's first major wide release since Cop Out , and performed poorly at the box office after receiving mixed reviews .


query: Boeing 737s avoid markets previously filled by 707 airliners.

pos: Boeing 737 The Boeing 737 is an American short - to medium-range twinjet narrow-body airliner . Originally developed as a shorter , lower-cost twin-engine airliner derived from Boeing 's 707 and 727 , the 737 has developed into a family of ten passenger models with capacities from 85 to 215 passengers . The 737 is Boeing 's only narrow-body airliner in production , with the 737 Next Generation ( -700 , -800 , and -900 ER ) variants currently being built . Production has also begun on the re-engined and redesigned 737 MAX , which is set to enter service in 2017 .   Originally envisioned in 1964 , the initial 737-100 made its first flight in April 1967 and entered airline service in February 1968 at Lufthansa . Next , the lengthened 737-200 entered service in April 1968 . In the 1980s Boeing launched the -300 , -400 , and -500 models , subsequently referred to as the Boeing 737 Classic series . The 737 Classics added capacity and incorporated CFM56 turbofan engines along with wing improvements .   In the 1990s , Boeing introduced the 737 Next Generation , with multiple changes including a redesigned , increased span laminar flow wing , upgraded `` glass '' cockpit , and new interior . The 737 Next Generation comprises the four -600 , -700 , -800 , and -900 models , ranging from 102 ft to 138 ft in length . Boeing Business Jet versions of the 737 Next Generation are also produced .   The 737 series is the best-selling jet commercial airliner in history . The 737 has been continuously manufactured by Boeing since 1967 with 9,486 aircraft delivered and 4,478 orders yet to be fulfilled . Assembly of the 737 is performed at the Boeing Renton Factory in Renton , Washington . Many 737s serve markets previously filled by 707 , 727 , 757 , DC-9 , and MD-80 / MD-90 airliners , and the aircraft currently competes primarily with the Airbus A320 family . As of 2006 , there were an average of 1,250 Boeing 737s airborne at any given time , with two departing or landing somewhere every five seconds .

neg: Heavy (aeronautics) The term heavy is used , with exceptions noted below , during all radio transmissions between air traffic control and any aircraft which has been assigned a maximum takeoff weight ( MTOW ) rating of 136 t or more . Aircraft with a MTOW rating between 7 t and 136 t are considered medium and aircraft with a MTOW rating less than 7 t are considered light . In the US , the FAA uses a slightly different categorization . Aircraft capable of maximum takeoff weights more than 41000 lb and less than 300000 lb are considered large .   Such `` heavy '' aircraft over 136 t create wake turbulence from the wings . The term is mostly used around airports during take off and landing , incorporated into their call sign so as to warn other aircraft that they need extra distance to avoid this wake turbulence . All wide-body aircraft are classified as heavy , with the exception of the Airbus A300B1 ( MTOW of 291000 lb , only two built and retired in 1990 ) , the Airbus A380 , and the Antonov An-225 , which are classified in the even larger category of super . Certain variants of the narrow-bodied Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 were considered `` heavy '' based on MTOW .   Of special note here is the narrow-bodied Boeing 757 . Under current guidance , the 757 is considered large , as it has a maximum MTOW of 116000 kg . After a number of accidents where smaller aircraft following closely behind a 757 crashed , however , the rules were changed so that controllers are required to apply the special wake turbulence separation criteria specified in paragraph 5-5-4 in the FAA guidelines for aircraft separation , as though the 757 were heavy .

neg: ASL Airlines France ASL Airlines France , formerly Europe Airpost , is an airline based in the Bâtiment Le Séquoia in Tremblay-en-France . It operates mail and cargo flights for the postal service and newspapers dispatch during the night and scheduled and charter services for other airlines and tour operators by day thanks to its fleet of Boeing 737-300QC ( `` Quick Change '' ) aircraft that can be switched between cargo and passenger configuration in less than an hour . Its main base is Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport .

neg: British Caledonian British Caledonian ( BCal ) was a private , British independent airline , operating out of Gatwick Airport in south-east England during the 1970s and 1980s . It was created as an alternative to the British government-controlled corporation airlines and was described as the `` Second Force '' in the 1969 Edwards report . It was formed by the UK 's second-largest , independent charter airline Caledonian Airways taking over British United Airways ( BUA ) , then the largest British independent airline and the United Kingdom 's leading independent scheduled carrier .   The BUA takeover enabled Caledonian to realise its long-held ambition to transform itself into a scheduled airline . The merged entity eventually became the UK 's foremost independent , international scheduled airline .   A series of major financial setbacks during the mid-1980s combined with the airline 's inability to grow sufficiently to reach a viable size put the airline at serious risk of collapse . BCal began looking for a merger partner to improve its competitive position . In December 1987 , British Airways ( BA ) gained control of the airline . The Caledonian name and livery was then used to rebrand BA 's Gatwick-based subsidiary British Airtours as Caledonian Airways .

neg: Airmanship Airmanship is skill and knowledge applied to aerial navigation , similar to seamanship in maritime navigation . Airmanship covers a broad range of desirable behaviors and abilities in an aviator . It is not simply a measure of skill or technique , but also a measure of a pilot 's awareness of the aircraft , the environment in which it operates , and of his own capabilities .   Airmanship can be defined as :  A sound acquaintance with the principles of flight ,  The ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air , and  The exercise of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency .   The three fundamental principles of expert airmanship are skill , proficiency , and the discipline to apply them in a safe and efficient manner .  Discipline is the foundation of airmanship .  The complexity of the aviation environment demands a foundation of solid airmanship , and a healthy , positive approach to combating pilot error .   The actions of Captain Alfred C. Haynes and the crew of United Airlines Flight 232 are often cited as an exemplar of good airmanship . They were able to maintain control of their crippled McDonnell Douglas DC-10 , bringing it to a survivable `` controlled crash '' in Sioux City , Iowa , after a complete loss of all flight controls following an engine failure in July 1989 . They did this by improvising a control scheme on the spot using differential thrust on the two working engines . Captain Haynes credited his Crew Resource Management training as one of the key factors that saved his own life , and many others .   The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board occasionally cites poor airmanship as a contributing factor in its determination of probable cause in aviation accidents , although it is implicit in many of the pilot error causes it often uses . For example , in its report on the December 1 , 1993 fatal crash of Northwest Airlink Flight 5719 , the Board determined the `` failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship '' was a contributing factor .  More recently , in the February 2 , 2005 business jet accident at Teterboro Airport , NTSB investigator Steve Demko , speaking about the probable cause , said determining an aircraft 's weight and balance before takeoff is `` basic airmanship , '' a `` Flying 101 type of thing . ''  And in the 2006 New York City plane crash that killed New York Yankees pitcher Cory Lidle , the NTSB cited `` inadequate judgement , planning and airmanship '' in its probable cause determination .   A `` failure of airmanship '' was also cited by U.S. Military Authorities in the Tarnak Farm incident in Afghanistan , where the pilot of a U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon mistakenly targeted a 250-kilogram laser-guided bomb on Canadian troops in April 2003 , killing four of them . Airmanship covers operation of the aircraft and all its systems , so in military usage , this includes the weapons systems of combat aircraft .

neg: 747 (disambiguation) 747 is a year in the 8th century .   747 may also refer to :   747 ( number )  747 BC , a year in the 8th century BC  Boeing 747 , a large commercial jet airliner  Big Bud 747 , the world 's largest farm tractor  `` 747 '' ( song ) , by rock band Kent  747 ( album ) , by country music band Lady Antebellum  `` 747 ( Strangers in the Night ) '' , a song by heavy metal band Saxon  The 747s , an indie band  747 ( film ) , UK title for 1998 made-for-television movie Blackout Effect  Swingline 747 , a model of office stapler  The 747 integrated circuit , which implements two 741-type operational amplifiers on one part  Area code 747 , a telephone area code in California

neg: Departure control system A Departure Control System ( DCS ) automates processing an airlines ' airport management operation . This includes managing the information required for airport check-in and printing boarding card , baggage acceptance , boarding , load control and aircraft checks .   Today DCS mostly ( 98 % ) manage electronic tickets via interfaces from range of devices including check-in kiosks , online check-in , mobile boarding cards , and baggage handling . DCS are able to identify , capture and update reservations from an airlines Computer Reservation System for passengers stored in a so-called Passenger Name Record ( PNR ) . A DCS is used to update reservations , typically as checked-in , boarded , flown or another status .   Additionally and increasingly a DCS for some city-pair sectors may also be connected with immigration control for visa , immigration and passenger no-fly watchlists .   Historically systems developed in North America have incorporated DCS functions as part of the reservations systems with check-in being initiated directly from the PNR . Load control ( weight and balance ) is then provided by a standalone application . Systems developed by airlines outside North America have traditionally had a separate database for DCS , requiring passenger data to be transferred from the PNR into DCS records . These systems have an integrated weight and balance capability .   So-called `` new generation '' DCSs are being developed and deployed by vendors such as Amadeus and SITA as part of the overall re-engineering of airline Passenger Services Systems . These new systems typically use a common database and a services oriented architecture that allows reservations , check-in and other services to maintain a consistent view of passenger information .   Larger international airports will have a range of DCS or a single DCS which each particular airline carrier can integrate with for streamlined operations .

neg: Quick access recorder A quick access recorder ( QAR ) is an airborne flight data recorder designed to provide quick and easy access to raw flight data , through means such as USB or cellular network connections and/or the use of standard flash memory cards . QARs are typically used by airlines to improve flight safety and operational efficiency , usually in the scope of their flight operational quality assurance plans . Like the aircraft 's flight data recorder ( FDR ) , a QAR receives its inputs from the Flight Data Acquisition Unit ( FDAU ) , recording over 2000 flight parameters . The QAR is also able to sample data at much higher rates than the FDR and , in some cases , for longer periods of time . Unlike the FDR , the QAR usually is not required by a national Civil Aviation Authority on commercial flights and is not designed to survive an accident . Despite this , some QARs have survived accidents and provided valuable information beyond what was recorded by the FDR .   The quick access recorder was pioneered by British European Airways ( BEA ) on its Hawker Siddeley Trident aircraft in the 1960 's as a requirement to prove the safety of the aircraft 's autoland system for certification of the autoland system by the CAA . Quick access recorders are carried by all BEA 's successor airline , British Airways ( BA ) , aircraft . Data from the Penny & Giles quick access recorder of a BA Boeing 747-400 London-Bankok flight in which the aircraft suffered un-commanded elevator movement and momentary elevator reversal caused Boeing to implement a change in the elevator servo valve design , a modification that was applied to all Boeing 747 's in service , and suspicion of a similar original valve design arising from this BA data was subsequently used by the NTSB in the determining of the causes of the crashes of United Airlines Flight 585 and USAir Flight 427 .   Earlier , data from a Trident 's quick access recorder had provided the AAIB with useful supplemental data over-and-above that of the aircraft 's flight data recorder that helped the diagnosing of the cause of the 1972 British European Airways Flight 548 , the `` Staines air disaster '' where the Trident 's leading edge high lift devices ( `` droops '' ) had been retracted too early and at too low an airspeed .

neg: Flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft) Flight dynamics is the science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions . The three critical flight dynamics parameters are the angles of rotation in three dimensions about the vehicle 's center of mass , known as pitch , roll and yaw .   Aerospace engineers develop control systems for a vehicle 's orientation ( attitude ) about its center of mass . The control systems include actuators , which exert forces in various directions , and generate rotational forces or moments about the aerodynamic center of the aircraft , and thus rotate the aircraft in pitch , roll , or yaw . For example , a pitching moment is a vertical force applied at a distance forward or aft from the aerodynamic center of the aircraft , causing the aircraft to pitch up or down .   Roll , pitch and yaw refer to rotations about the respective axes starting from a defined steady flight equilibrium state . The equilibrium roll angle is known as wings level or zero bank angle , equivalent to a level heeling angle on a ship . Yaw is known as `` heading '' . The equilibrium pitch angle in submarine and airship parlance is known as `` trim '' , but in aircraft , `` trim '' usually refers to the equilibrium angle of attack , rather than orientation . However , common usage ignores this distinction between equilibrium and dynamic cases .   The most common aeronautical convention defines the roll as acting about the longitudinal axis , positive with the starboard ( right ) wing down . The yaw is about the vertical body axis , positive with the nose to starboard . Pitch is about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of symmetry , positive nose up .   A fixed-wing aircraft increases or decreases the lift generated by the wings when it pitches nose up or down by increasing or decreasing the angle of attack ( AOA ) . The roll angle is also known as bank angle on a fixed-wing aircraft , which usually `` banks '' to change the horizontal direction of flight . An aircraft is usually streamlined from nose to tail to reduce drag making it typically advantageous to keep the sideslip angle near zero , though there are instances when an aircraft may be deliberately `` sideslipped '' for example a slip in a fixed-wing aircraft .

neg: Boeing 717 The Boeing 717 is a twin-engine , single-aisle jet airliner , developed for the 100-seat market . The airliner was designed and originally marketed by McDonnell Douglas as the MD-95 , a derivative of the DC-9 family . Capable of seating up to 134 passengers , the 717 has a design range of 2,060 nautical miles ( 3,815 km ) . It is powered by two Rolls-Royce BR715 turbofan engines mounted at the rear of the fuselage .   The first order was placed in October 1995 by ValuJet Airlines ( later AirTran Airways ) ; McDonnell Douglas and Boeing merged in 1997 prior to production . The airliner entered service in 1999 as the Boeing 717 . Production ceased in May 2006 after 156 were built . There were 154 Boeing 717 aircraft in service as of July 2016 .

neg: Middle of the market The middle of the market , often abbreviated MoM , is a terminology used by Boeing Commercial Airplanes since at least 2003 to designate the airliner market between the narrowbody and the widebody aircraft . It is a market segment of the competition between Airbus and Boeing .   In the Boeing lineup , it is situated between the largest Boeing 737 MAX-9 of 194,700 lb of maximum takeoff weight ( MTOW ) for 178 passengers in two class over a 3515 nmi range , and the smallest Boeing 787-8 of 502,500 lb for 242 passengers over a 7355 nmi range . It was previously covered by Boeing with the largest modern narrowbody , the Boeing 757 , typically the -200 for 200 passengers over 3,915 nmi with a 255,000 lb MTOW , and the smallest widebody , the seven-abreast Boeing 767 , typically the -300 ER for 269 passengers over 5,725 nmi with a 412,000 lb MTOW .   In the Airbus lineup , it is between the A321neoLR of 97 t of MTOW for 206 passengers in two class over a 4000 nmi range , and the A330neo-800 of 242 t for 257 passengers in three class over a 7500 nmi range .

neg: Keyway Air Transport Keyway Air Transport was a United States airline that operated from Frankfurt International Airport ( which at the time was also home to a United States Air Force facility ; Rhein-Main Air Base ) using a Boeing T-43 Bobcat ( a military variant of the Boeing 737-200 ) and a Boeing 707-355C . Details on its operation are unknown . The 737-200 was operated by Keyway Air Transport from 1986 up until 1992 , when it was transferred to defence contractor EG&G , who operated the aircraft in the Janet fleet up until 2009 when it was retired from service . The Boeing 707-355C was operated from 1986 up until 1989 , when it was transferred to HCL Aviation . From 1992 onwards , after having been modified for military service by Raytheon , the aircraft was used by the United States Air Force as an airborne command post for the United States Central Command and later on was reported as being used by the Air Force Special Operations Command , before being put in storage at the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group located on Davis -- Monthan Air Force Base in 2002 .

neg: Panair Panair was an airline based in Italy from 2001 to 2003 . It operated two aircraft , a Boeing 737-300 and a Boeing 737-400 , the first of which was put in service with the airline in July 2001 . In March 2003 , both were withdrawn , which marked the end of Panair 's flight operations .

neg: British Asia Airways British Asia Airways was a subsidiary of British Airways formed in March 1993 , based in Taiwan , to operate between London and Taipei via Hong Kong .   This was due to political sensitivities , as national airlines operating flights to the People 's Republic of China were not permitted to fly to Taiwan . Similar arrangements were made by other airlines , such as Japan Airlines and Qantas .   It used the Boeing 747-436 .  repainted in a special livery , with the Union Flag tailfin being replaced by the Chinese characters 英亞 ( Hanyu Pinyin : Yīng Yà ; literally `` British Asia '' ) .   It flew between Taipei and Hong Kong using the code BR , which BA had inherited from British Caledonian , while the flight from London used BA .   It ceased operations after BA suspended flights to Taipei in December 2001 .

neg: Airbus Airbus SAS ( -LSB- ˈɛərbʌs -RSB- , -LSB- ɛʁbys -RSB- , -LSB- ˈɛːɐbʊs -RSB- , -LSB- ˈeirβus -RSB- ) is a division of the multinational Airbus Group SE that manufactures civil aircraft . It is based in Blagnac , France , a suburb of Toulouse , with production and manufacturing facilities mainly in France , Germany , Spain , China , United Kingdom and the United States . The company employed 72,816 people in 2016 .   Airbus began as a consortium of aerospace manufacturers , Airbus Industrie . Consolidation of European defence and aerospace companies in 1999 and 2000 allowed the establishment of a simplified joint-stock company in 2001 , owned by the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company ( EADS ) ( 80 % ) and BAE Systems ( 20 % ) . After a protracted sales process BAE sold its shareholding to EADS on 13 October 2006 .   Airbus has sixteen key sites in four countries : France , Germany , Spain and the United Kingdom . Final assembly production is based at Toulouse , France ; Hamburg , Germany ; Seville , Spain , Tianjin , China , and Mobile , United States . Airbus has subsidiaries in the United States , Japan and India .   The company produces and markets the first commercially viable digital fly-by-wire airliner , the Airbus A320 , and the world 's largest passenger airliner , the A380 . The 10,000 th aircraft , an A350 , was delivered to Singapore Airlines on 14 October 2016 ; the global Airbus fleet having performed more than 110 million flights over 215 billion kilometres , carrying 12 billion passengers .

neg: Comac The Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China , Ltd. ( Comac ) is a Chinese state-owned aerospace manufacturer established on 11 May 2008 in Shanghai , China . The company has a registered capital of RMB 19 billion ( as of May 2008 ) . The government-owned corporation is a designer and constructor of large passenger aircraft with capacities of over 150 passengers , in an effort aimed at reducing China 's dependency on Boeing and Airbus .   The first jet to be marketed is the ARJ21 developed by China Aviation Industry Corporation I , which will be followed by the C919 , which made its maiden flight on 2017 and has attracted interest from many airlines . The company headquarters is in Pudong , Shanghai .   The C919 , which can seat up to 168 passengers , is meant to compete in the market for single-aisle jets dominated by Airbus Industries ' A320 and Boeing Inc. 's 737 .

neg: Contact approach A Contact Approach is an approach available to aircraft operating on an IFR flight plan , where the pilot may deviate from the published instrument approach procedure ( IAP ) and proceed to the destination airport by visual reference to the surface .   Only pilots may initiate a request for this type of approach , as regulations prohibit air traffic control ( ATC ) from asking pilots to perform them . A contact approach will only be issued if the aircraft is operating clear of clouds with at least 1-mile of flight visibility , with a reasonable expectation of continuing to the destination airport under those conditions . Additionally , the reported ground visibility at the destination airport must be at least 1 statute mile .   In the execution of a contact approach , the pilot is responsible for obstruction clearance , but ATC will still provide separation from other IFR or Special VFR traffic . If radar service is being received , it will automatically terminate when the pilot is instructed to change to the airport 's advisory frequency .   The pilot must advise ATC immediately if unable to continue the contact approach or if s/he encounters less than 1-mile flight visibility ; new instructions will then be provided by ATC . Also , ATC may issue alternative instructions if , in their judgment , weather conditions may make completion of the approach impracticable .   The contact approach is often used as time - and fuel-savings method of working the air traffic control system to a pilot 's advantage . However , this shortcut comes with two important warnings :  It is essentially a legalized form of scud-running , a potentially very dangerous practice .  It works safely only if the pilot is completely familiar with local terrain .   Thus , most instrument pilots will not fly them as they can be scary for the inexperienced .   The Aeronautical Information Manual ( AIM ) , published by the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) , emphasizes that the contact approach is meant only as a substitute for a standard IAP . It is not intended to be used as a `` poor man 's '' IFR approach to an airport not having a published approach procedure , nor is it to be used to approach one airport , break-off the approach in visual conditions , and then fly to another airport .

neg: Continental Airlines Flight 12 Continental Airlines Flight 12 , is a scheduled domestic passenger flight that on July 1 , 1965 was operated by a Boeing 707 jet liner , registration from Los Angeles International Airport to Chicago O'Hare International Airport with an intermediate at Kansas City Downtown Airport . After a routine flight the plane was making an approach on the instrument landing system for runway 18 . There was heavy rain and low visibility at the airport . The wind was reported from the East-northeast at 7 knots . At most airports this would normally mean an approach should be initiated from the other direction , runway 36 . Quality Hill , in downtown Kansas City overlooks the airport from this direction . It is so close to the end of the runway that aircraft have to go around it to land safely in good weather . This obstacle prevented the installation of an instrument landing system on this runway . It is normally considered safe to land opposite direction in these conditions but they would be landing with a slight tailwind . The flight landed at 5:29 a.m. CST 1,100 feet down the runway . Reverse thrusting and braking were initiated but did not slow the airplane as anticipated . It began to veer 30 ° left before it ran off the end of the runway . The right wing impacted a blast mound as the aircraft rolled over it , coming to rest in three pieces on the perimeter road between the mound and river levee . After an investigation , the cause of the accident was determined to be `` hydroplaning of the landing gear wheels , which precluded braking effectiveness . ''   Although there were no fatalities in the accident , it highlighted a number of shortcomings with jet aircraft operations at Kansas City Downtown Airport . At 7,000 feet , runway 18-36 was barely long enough for Boeing 707 aircraft . The airport could not be expanded , as it was surrounded on three sides by the Missouri river and a rail yard on the east side . In 1972 airline operations were moved to Kansas City International Airport .   Continental continued to use the `` Flight 12 '' designation on its Honolulu to Los Angeles routing . After its acquisition by United Airlines , the flight number was kept for its LAX-HNL routing but it is now used on an IAH-LGA routing .

neg: List of aircraft operated by Scandinavian Airlines Scandinavian Airlines ( SAS ) , previously known as Scandinavian Airlines System , is the national airline of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . Headquartered in Sigtuna outside Stockholm , Sweden , it operates out of three main hubs , Copenhagen Airport , Stockholm-Arlanda Airport and Oslo Airport , Gardermoen . Owned by the eponymous SAS Group , the airline transported 22.9 million passengers to 90 destinations on an average 683 flights daily in 2011 . As of May 2017 , SAS utilize 160 aircraft -- jetliners and turboprops -- consisting of 78 Boeing 737 , 23 Bombardier CRJ900 operated by Cimber and Cityjet , 32 Airbus A319/A320/A321 , 16 Airbus A330/A340 and 11 ATR 72 's operated by Jettime and FlyBe .   The airline has operated over 700 aircraft throughout its history . It was a loyal customer of Douglas Aircraft Company and its successor McDonnell Douglas , operating 290 aircraft and all major models from the DC-3 through the MD-90 , except the MD-11 . Boeing is the second-largest manufacturer with 127 aircraft , of which 105 were 737s . Other manufacturers have been Fokker ( 51 aircraft ) , Bombardier ( 40 ) , Airbus ( 29 ) , Convair ( 22 ) , Sud Aviation ( 21 ) , Saab ( 14 ) , Vickers ( 9 ) , ATR ( 6 ) , British Aerospace ( 3 ) , British Aircraft Corporation ( 2 ) , Junkers ( 2 ) and Shorts ( 2 ) . SAS has been the launch customer of the Saab Scandia , the Sud Aviation Caravelle , the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-20 and − 40 and the Boeing 737 -- 600 . SAS was the sole customer of the DC-9-20 ; the DC-9-40 served SAS for 34 years -- longer than any other model . Fourteen aircraft have been involved in hull-loss accidents , four of which were fatal .   SAS started as a cooperation between Norwegian Air Lines ( DNL ) , Aerotransport ( ABA ) , Swedish Intercontinental Airlines ( SILA ) and Danish Air Lines ( DDL ) , who created Overseas Scandinavian Airlines System ( OSAS ) in 1946 and European Scandinavian Airlines System ( ESAS ) two years later . The airlines merged to create the SAS consortium in 1951 . In the early years , SAS would rapidly purchase the newest intercontinental aircraft and gradually relegate them to European and then domestic service . The Caravelle was introduced in 1959 as SAS ' first jetliner ; intercontinental jet services commenced with the DC-8 the following year . The consortium created Scanair as a charter sister company in 1961 . SAS Commuter was created in 1984 to operate regional airliners . The last such aircraft were retired in 2010 . SAS bought its main competitors Linjeflyg of Sweden in 1993 and Braathens of Norway in 2001 ; the latter was merged to operate as SAS Braathens in Norway between 2004 and 2007 .

neg: Boeing 707 The Boeing 707 is a mid-sized , long-range , narrow-body , four-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes from 1958 to 1979 . Its name is commonly pronounced as `` seven oh seven '' . Versions of the aircraft have a capacity from 140 to 219 passengers and a range of 2500 to .   Developed as Boeing 's first jet airliner , the 707 is a swept-wing design with podded engines . Although it was not the first jetliner in service , the 707 was the first to be commercially successful . Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s and remaining common through the 1970s , the 707 is generally credited with ushering in the Jet Age . It established Boeing as one of the largest manufacturers of passenger aircraft , and led to the later series of airliners with `` 7x7 '' designations . The later 720 , 727 , 737 , and 757 share elements of the 707 's fuselage design .   The 707 was developed from the Boeing 367-80 , a prototype jet first flown in 1954 . A larger fuselage cross-section and other modifications resulted in the initial-production 707-120 , powered by Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines , which first flew on December 20 , 1957 . Pan American World Airways began regular 707 service on October 26 , 1958 . Later derivatives included the shortened long-range 707-138 and the stretched 707-320 , both of which entered service in 1959 . A smaller short-range variant , the 720 , was introduced in 1960 . The 707-420 , a version of the stretched 707 with Rolls-Royce Conway turbofans , debuted in 1960 , while Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofans debuted on the 707-120B and 707-320B models in 1961 and 1962 , respectively .   The 707 has been used on domestic , transcontinental , and transatlantic flights , and for cargo and military applications . A convertible passenger-freighter model , the 707-320C , entered service in 1963 , and passenger 707s have been modified to freighter configurations . Military derivatives include the E-3 Sentry airborne reconnaissance aircraft and the C-137 Stratoliner VIP transports . Boeing produced and delivered 1,011 airliners including the smaller 720 series ; over 800 military versions were also produced . Ten Boeing 707s were in commercial service in July 2013 .

neg: Flight plan Flight plans are documents filed by a pilot or flight dispatcher with the local Civil Aviation Authority ( e.g. FAA in the USA ) prior to departure which indicate the plane 's planned route or flight path . Flight plan format is specified in the ICAO Doc 4444 . They generally include basic information such as departure and arrival points , estimated time en route , alternate airports in case of bad weather , type of flight ( whether instrument flight rules -LSB- IFR -RSB- or visual flight rules -LSB- VFR -RSB- ) , the pilot 's information , number of people on board and information about the aircraft itself . In most countries , flight plans are required for flights under IFR , but may be optional for flying VFR unless crossing international borders . Flight plans are highly recommended , especially when flying over inhospitable areas , such as water , as they provide a way of alerting rescuers if the flight is overdue . In the United States and Canada , when an aircraft is crossing the Air Defense Identification Zone ( ADIZ ) , either an IFR or a special type of VFR flight plan called a DVFR ( Defense VFR ) flight plan must be filed .  For IFR flights , flight plans are used by air traffic control to initiate tracking and routing services . For VFR flights , their only purpose is to provide needed information should search and rescue operations be required , or for use by air traffic control when flying in a `` Special Flight Rules Area '' .


query: Alex Rodriguez's position was between second and third base.

pos: Shortstop Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . The position is mostly filled by defensive specialists , so shortstops are generally relatively poor batters who bat later in the batting order , with some exceptions . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 .   More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .

pos: Alex Rodriguez Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez ( born July 27 , 1975 ) , nicknamed `` A-Rod '' , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman . He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Texas Rangers , and New York Yankees . Rodriguez was one of the sport 's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time . During his 22-year career , Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average , 696 home runs , over 2,000 runs batted in ( RBI ) , over 2,000 runs scored , and over 3,000 hits . He is a 14-time All-Star and has won three American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten Silver Slugger Awards , and two Gold Glove Awards . Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25 . However , he has led a highly controversial career due to signing two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history while incurring criticism from the media for his behavior and use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs .   The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft , and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18 . In 1996 , he became the Mariners ' starting shortstop and finished second in voting for the AL MVP Award . Rodriguez 's combination of power , speed , and defense made him a cornerstone of the franchise , but he left the team via free agency after the 2000 season to join the Rangers . The 10-year , $ 252 million contract he signed was the richest in baseball history . He played at a high level in his three years with Texas , highlighted by his first AL MVP Award win in 2003 , but the team failed to make the playoffs during his tenure . Prior to the 2004 season , Rodriguez was traded to the Yankees , for whom he converted to a third baseman due to incumbent shortstop Derek Jeter . In his first four seasons with New York , he was twice more named AL MVP . After opting out of his contract following the 2007 season , Rodriguez signed a new 10-year , $ 275 million deal with the Yankees , extending his record for the sport 's most lucrative contract . He became the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs , reaching the milestone in 2007 . He won his first World Series in 2009 , which was the first year of the new Yankee Stadium . The following year , he became the career leader in home runs by a player of Hispanic descent . In recent years , Rodriguez has been hampered by hip and knee injuries , which have caused him to exclusively become a designated hitter . He played his final game as a Yankee on August 12 , 2016 .   In February 2009 , after previously denying use of performance-enhancing drugs , including during a 2007 interview with Katie Couric on 60 Minutes , Rodriguez admitted to using steroids , saying he used them from 2001 to 2003 when playing for Rangers due to `` an enormous amount of pressure '' to perform . While recovering from a hip injury in 2013 , Rodriguez made headlines by feuding with team management over his rehabilitation and for having allegedly obtained performance-enhancing drugs as part of the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In August 2013 , MLB suspended him 211 games for his involvement in the scandal , but he was allowed to play while appealing the punishment . Had the original suspension been upheld , it would have been the longest non-lifetime suspension in Major League Baseball history . After an arbitration hearing , the suspension was reduced to 162 games , keeping him off the field for the entire 2014 season .

neg: Contact play The contact play is a base running play in the sport of baseball . It usually refers to a runner on third base breaking for home ( but occasionally refers to a runner at second base breaking for third ) . Similar to the safety-squeeze play , the runner at third breaks for home as soon as he sees that the batted ball is on a downward plane for a ground ball . If there is a runner at second base , he will also break for third if the batted ball is on the first base side of second . The play can backfire if the ball is hit directly at the third baseman or the pitcher as a putout will naturally be made at home plate to prevent the run from scoring . In this situation , the baserunner may freeze and return to third . At this point the runner at third 's objective changes from scoring to getting in a rundown in order to provide an opportunity for the batter to end up at second base . The main advantage to breaking for home on contact is that it reduces the amount of time an infielder will have to make a play at home and , thus , increases the likelihood of the runner scoring . A secondary advantage is that the possibility of a contact play will often cause the defensive infielders to `` play in , '' meaning closer to home plate , giving them less time to react to a hit ball and a greater likelihood of not being able to field it cleanly .   The contact play is normally used when there is one out . With no outs , it is generally considered best not to risk being thrown out at home , since there will still be two more opportunities for later batters to drive in the runner . The only exception is when there is also a runner at first , since any ball fielded quickly enough to throw out the runner trying to score is also likely to be an easy double play ball , and the team has a much higher run expectation that inning if the result of the play is an out at home and runners on first and second than if the result is two outs and a runner at third . With two outs , all runners on base automatically break on contact , since there is no point in staying at their base while the fielder gets the final out of the inning by throwing to first base .   Most students of Sabermetrics believe the contact play is proper strategy whenever there is a man on third and one out , since the loss from failure is tiny . Using standard tables of run expectation based on the number of outs and runners on base ( such as Sabremetrics 101 : Run Expectancy Matrix , 1999 -- 2002 ) , the difference between having a runner on third with two outs ( the usual result of not using the contact play on a typical ground ball out ) and having a runner on second with two outs ( the usual result of using the contact play and having the breaking runner caught in a rundown ) is only 0.043 runs . When the contact play scores a runner who otherwise would still be at third while an out is recorded at first , the net gain is 0.730 . Put another way , even if the contact play failed 16 times for every one time it succeeded , it would improve a team 's run scoring overall . Even that understates the advantage , since the need for the defense to play in often results in both the runner scoring and the batter reaching base safely , in which case the net benefit is 1.186 runs , which means that it could fail 27 times as often as it helped and still benefit the team overall .   Category : Baseball terminology  Category : Baseball plays

neg: Adonis García Adonis García Arrieta ( born April 12 , 1985 ) is a Cuban professional baseball third baseman for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He played in the Cuban National Series from 2004 through 2011 , and then defected from Cuba to play in MLB . Garcia has also filled in at left field for the Braves .

neg: Al Gionfriddo Albert Francis `` Al '' Gionfriddo ( March 8 , 1922 -- March 14 , 2003 ) was an American professional baseball player who played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder .   Gionfriddo made his major league debut on September 23 , at the age of 22 with the Pittsburgh Pirates . He was a career .266 hitter whose best year was in 1945 when he hit .284 with 9 triples and 74 runs scored for the Pirates . He played in the majors for four years .   He was acquired by the Brooklyn Dodgers from the Pirates midway through the season , and he is most famous for his heroic catch of a drive off the bat of the New York Yankees ' Joe DiMaggio in Game 6 of the 1947 World Series . The Dodgers led the Yankees 8 -- 5 going into the bottom of the 6th inning when Gionfriddo was brought in as a defensive replacement . Snuffy Stirnweiss and Yogi Berra were on base when DiMaggio drove the ball to the 415 marker . Gionfriddo raced across the field and caught the ball several steps before crashing into the bullpen gate . In one of the most famous images in baseball history , the taciturn DiMaggio shook his head and kicked at the dirt in frustration .   At the time , there was no instant replay , and Gionfriddo was widely believed to have robbed DiMaggio of a home run . However , the game film , when developed later , clearly showed Gionfriddo catching the ball several steps shy of the wall , and thus actually robbing DiMaggio of a double or triple instead of a home run . Still photos of the catch contributed to the misconception that it was a potential home run , since the images showed Gionfriddo with his glove behind the bullpen gate , and the ball inside the glove . However , these photos were taken several seconds after the play , when Gionfriddo 's momentum had carried his arm over the gate .   Gionfriddo was also involved in the even more famous Game 4 of the 1947 Series when Cookie Lavagetto 's pinch hit double not only broke up Bill Bevens ' no hitter with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning , but won the game as well when Gionfriddo ( who had entered the game as a pinch runner for Carl Furillo and stolen second ) and Eddie Miksis scored on the play .   The 1947 World Series proved to be Gionfriddo 's swan song in the big leagues , as he was returned to the minor leagues in 1948 . After spending four years with the Dodgers ' AAA Montreal Royals and a season with the Class AA Fort Worth Cats , Gionfriddo was given a chance to play for and manage the Drummondville , Quebec Royals of the Class C Provincial League in 1953 . Unaffiliated with any major-league club , the Royals finished last , and Gionfriddo was replaced as manager in mid-season . He rejoined the Dodgers organization , playing for their Class B team in Newport News , Virginia . Drifting west , Gionfriddo played three years for teams in the California League , and then spent three years as the General Manager of the Dodgers ' Santa Barbara minor league club , before finally retiring from pro baseball after the 1959 season .   Al Gionfriddo died in Solvang , California on March 14 , 2003 while golfing , at the age of 81 .

neg: 1990 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics ' 1990 season was their 23rd in Oakland , California . It was also the 90th season in franchise history . The team finished first in the American League West with a record of 103-59 .   The Athletics ' 1990 campaign ranks among the organization 's finest . Oakland , in winning 103 games , led the league outright in wins for a third consecutive season ; they remained the last major North American team to accomplish this until 2017 , when the feat was matched by the nearby Golden State Warriors of the NBA . The Athletics benefited from stellar performances in all areas of the game . The team 's offense was led by eventual Hall-of-Famer Rickey Henderson . Henderson finished the season with 65 stolen bases , 28 home runs , and a .325 batting average ; for his efforts , he took home the 1990 American League MVP Award . The Athletics also benefited from strong performances by superstars Mark McGwire and Jose Canseco . The pair clubbed 39 and 37 home runs , respectively ; in doing so , they drove in a combined total of 209 runs . Over the course of the season , the team added to an already strong offense ; the additions of recent All-Stars Willie Randolph , Willie McGee , and Harold Baines further widened the gap between the Athletics and the rest of the league . Established veterans ( such as Carney Lansford , Terry Steinbach , Dave Henderson , and Mike Gallego ) and promising young players ( mainly Walt Weiss and Mike Bordick ) rounded out arguably the deepest roster in all of Major League Baseball . Eight of the Athletics ' nine main postseason starters ( R. Henderson , McGwire , Canseco , McGee , Steinbach , Randolph , Baines , and Lansford ) played in at least one All-Star Game between 1988 and 1990 .   The Athletics pitching staff , in many regards , had an even stronger campaign . The starting rotation was led by veteran Bob Welch . Welch would finish the season with both an MLB-leading 27 wins and a 2.95 ERA ; this performance was strong enough to net the 1990 Cy Young Award . Welch , as of 2014 , remains the last MLB pitcher to win at least 25 games in a season . Fellow starter Dave Stewart , winner of 22 games , finished in a tie ( with Pittsburgh starter Doug Drabek ) for the second-most wins in MLB . 1989 All-Star Mike Moore , 1991 All-Star Scott Sanderson , and longtime Athletic Curt Young rounded out the American League 's top rotation . The Athletics ' bullpen was led by superstar closer Dennis Eckersley , who posted a microscopic 0.61 ERA while recording 48 saves . As a team , the Athletics allowed only 570 runs ( the fewest in the American League by a wide margin ) .   The Athletics easily won the American League West for a third consecutive season . They swept the Boston Red Sox , four games to none , in that year 's American League Championship series ; in doing so , they won a third consecutive American League pennant . The Athletics entered the 1990 World Series as heavy favorites . Despite this , however , they were themselves swept by the Cincinnati Reds . The Athletics have not reached the World Series since .

neg: John Castino John Anthony Castino ( born October 23 , 1954 ) is a former Major League Baseball player . Castino played as an infielder , primarily at third base and second base , with the Minnesota Twins from 1979 through 1984 .

neg: Ryan Adams (baseball) Ryan Scott Adams ( born April 21 , 1987 ) is a professional baseball second baseman , who is currently a free agent . He previously played in Major League Baseball with the Baltimore Orioles .

neg: List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela From 1939 to 2016 , 357 baseball players born in Venezuela have played in Major League Baseball . This list shows players who appeared at least in one game in MLB , including number indicating order of arrival , name of player , position , starting team , and dates of debut and final game .   Abbreviations for position  P : Pitcher  C : Catcher  1B : First baseman  2B : Second baseman  3B : Third baseman  SS : Shortstop  IF : Infielder  OF : Outfielder  UTIL : Utility player  AL : American League  NL : National League

neg: List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a left fielder leaders In baseball statistics , a putout ( denoted by PO or fly out when appropriate ) is given to a defensive player who records an out by a tagging a runner with the ball when he is not touching a base ( a tagout ) , catching a batted or thrown ball and tagging a base to put out a batter or runner ( a force out ) , catching a thrown ball and tagging a base to record an out on an appeal play , catching a third strike ( a strikeout ) , catching a batted ball on the fly ( a flyout ) , or being positioned closest to a runner called out for interference .   In baseball , a left fielder ( LF ) is an outfielder who plays defense in left field . Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher 's mound . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the left fielder is assigned the number 7 .   Barry Bonds is the all-time leader in putouts a left fielder with 5,225 career . Rickey Henderson ( 5,215 ) is second all-time and then only other left fielder with over 5,000 career putouts .

neg: Alex Reyes Alexander Reyes ( born August 29 , 1994 ) is a Dominican American professional baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He was signed by the Cardinals as an amateur free agent in December 2012 , and made his MLB debut for them August 9 , 2016 .   The Cardinals ' top prospect entering both the 2015 and 2016 seasons , Baseball America named him the second-best prospect overall in their 2016 mid-season ranking . He has played in two All-Star Futures Games and was one of two Cardinals ' Co-Minor League Pitchers of the Year in 2015 .

neg: Brooks Robinson Brooks Calbert Robinson , Jr. ( born May 18 , 1937 ) is an American former professional baseball player . He played his entire 23-year major league career for the Baltimore Orioles ( 1955 -- 1977 ) . He batted and threw right-handed , though he was a natural left-hander . Nicknamed `` The Human Vacuum Cleaner '' or `` Mr. Hoover '' , he is considered one of the greatest defensive third basemen in major league history . He won 16 consecutive Gold Glove Awards during his career , tied with pitcher Jim Kaat for the second-most all-time for any player at any position . Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983 .

neg: Sandy Alomar Jr. Santos `` Sandy '' Alomar Velázquez Jr. ( -LSB- aloˈmar -RSB- , -LSB- ˈæləmɑr -RSB- born June 18 , 1966 ) is a professional baseball catcher , coach , and manager . He played in Major League Baseball catcher for the San Diego Padres , Cleveland Indians , Chicago White Sox , Colorado Rockies , Texas Rangers , Los Angeles Dodgers , and New York Mets between 1988 and 2007 .   Alomar is a six-time All-Star . He is the son of former major leaguer Sandy Alomar Sr. and the brother of Hall of Fame second baseman Roberto Alomar .

neg: Edwar Ramírez Edwar Emilio Ramírez ( born March 28 , 1981 ) is a former Dominican professional baseball pitcher . Ramírez appeared in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a relief pitcher for the New York Yankees ( 2007 -- 2009 ) and Oakland Athletics ( 2010 ) . After finding himself out of baseball in 2004 , Ramírez revitalized his career by developing an effective changeup .   Originally a member of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim organization , Ramírez pitched for the Angels only in minor league baseball . The Angels released Ramírez before the 2004 season . After spending the next year mastering a changeup , he spent parts of the following two seasons in independent league baseball . Ramírez signed with the Yankees in 2006 , and made his MLB debut the next season . Ramírez enjoyed success and popularity among the fan base during the 2007 and 2008 seasons . He struggled in 2009 , and pitched for the Athletics early in the 2010 season before returning to minor league baseball in the Athletics organization . He pitched in the Mexican League in 2011 .

neg: Alex Serrano (baseball) Alex Eleazar Serrano Hernandez ( born February 18 , 1981 in Barcelona , Anzoátegui State , Venezuela ) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher .   On April 16 , , Serrano made his major league debut for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim against the Kansas City Royals , pitching one scoreless inning while striking out one .   Serrano became a free agent at the end of 2008 . He spent in the Mexican League with the Guerreros de Oaxaca . He last played for the Rimini Baseball Club in the Italian Serie A1 baseball league in 2010

neg: 2013 American League Wild Card Game The 2013 American League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball 's ( MLB ) 2013 postseason played between the American League 's ( AL ) two wild card teams , the Cleveland Indians and the Tampa Bay Rays ( the latter winners of a one-game tie-breaker against the Texas Rangers ) . It was held at Progressive Field in Cleveland , Ohio , on October 2 , 2013 . The Rays won by a 4 -- 0 score and advanced to the AL Division Series to face the Boston Red Sox , who went on to become the World Series champion of that year . The game was televised on TBS .

neg: Eider Torres Eider Lenina Torres Sandoval ( born January 16 , 1983 in Maracaibo , Venezuela ) is a former Major League Baseball second baseman .   From to , Torres played in Minor League Baseball for the Burlington Indians , Mahoning Valley Scrappers , Kinston Indians , Akron Aeros , and Buffalo Bisons - all teams in the Cleveland Indians organization . In , Torres became a member of the Baltimore Orioles organization .   On April 25 , , Torres ' contract was purchased and he made his major league debut the next day against the Chicago White Sox . He became a free agent at the end of the season and signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox . He last played for the Colorado Rockies organization in 2010 .

neg: 1997 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics ' 1997 season was the team 's 30th in Oakland , California . It was also the 97th season in franchise history . The team finished fourth in the American League West with a record of 65-97 .   The Athletics , coming off a surprising ( if still mediocre ) 78-84 campaign , hoped to reach the playoffs for the first time since 1992 . With this in mind , the team traded for slugger Jose Canseco . Canseco , who had played for the Athletics from 1986 to 1992 , was reunited with fellow superstar ( and fellow `` Bash Brother '' ) Mark McGwire . In addition to McGwire and Canseco , Oakland 's impressive collection of power hitters included Jason Giambi , Gerónimo Berroa , and Matt Stairs .   Little was done , however , to shore up the Athletics ' abysmal 1996 pitching staff . Ariel Prieto , owner of a 4.41 career ERA ( Earned Run Average ) , was named the Opening Day starter ; a succession of poorly regarded players filled out the rest of the starting rotation and bullpen . While optimism remained high for the team 's offense , great concern remained for its pitching staff .   In the end , Oakland 's offense and pitching both fared terribly . For the second consecutive year , no Athletics pitcher won ten or more games ; even worse , no starter won more than six . None of the team 's top four starters ( Ariel Prieto , Steve Karsay , Mike Oquist , and Dave Telgheder ) finished the season with an ERA of less than 5.00 ; the Athletics , as a team , finished with an earned run average of 5.48 ( easily the MLB 's worst ) . All told , the A 's allowed a season total of 946 runs . This remains the worst such figure in Oakland history .   More puzzling was the fate of the offense . Oakland , as expected , remained one of the league 's best power-hitting teams . The Athletics ' sluggers hit a total of 197 home runs ( third-most in the American League ) . Oakland 's home runs failed to generate much offense , however , as a low team batting average negated most of the team 's other advantages . Oakland scored a total of 764 runs in 1997 ( the 11th highest total in the American League ) .   These awful performances quickly removed the A 's from contention . On May 31 , they were already nine games out of first place ; their position steadily worsened throughout the summer . In light of this , General Manager Sandy Alderson traded Mark McGwire ( who , at the time , was on pace to break Roger Maris ' single-season home run record ) to the St. Louis Cardinals for T.J. Matthews , Blake Stein , and Eric Ludwick . McGwire would finish the season with 58 home runs ( four shy of breaking the record ) . The trade was a disaster on the Athletics ' end , as none of the three players received in the trade remained on the team by 2000 . The A 's ultimately finished twenty-five games behind the first-place Seattle Mariners . Their 65-97 finish ( the club 's worst since 1979 ) led to the removal of Sandy Alderson as General Manager on October 17 ; he was replaced by Billy Beane . Manager Art Howe , however , was retained for the 1998 season .   The 1997 season would ultimately prove to be the Athletics ' nadir . The continued rise of Jason Giambi , the debuts of Ben Grieve and Miguel Tejada , the acquisition of Tim Hudson in the 1997 MLB draft , and the ascension of Billy Beane to the position of General manager paved the way for a lengthy period of success from 1999 onwards .

neg: Isan Díaz Isan Xavier Díaz ( born May 27 , 1996 ) is a Puerto Rican professional baseball shortstop and second baseman for the Milwaukee Brewers organization .

neg: Román Rodríguez Román Rodríguez ( born March 30 , 1966 , in San Mateo , Venezuela ) is a scout for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim .

neg: List of Kansas City Royals no-hitters The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Kansas City , Missouri . Formed in 1969 , they play in the American League Central division . Pitchers for the Royals have thrown 4 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball , the San Diego Padres , has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . No perfect games , a special subcategory of no-hitter , have been thrown in Royals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . ''   The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter .   The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager include determining the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game .

neg: Ernest Riles Ernest Riles ( born October 2 , 1960 in Cairo , Georgia ) is a former shortstop and third baseman in Major League Baseball . From 1985 through 1993 , Riles played for the Milwaukee Brewers ( 1985 -- 1988 ) , San Francisco Giants ( 1988 -- 1990 ) , Oakland Athletics ( 1991 ) , Houston Astros ( 1992 ) and Boston Red Sox ( 1993 ) . He batted left-handed and threw right-handed .