query: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was snubbed in an annual poll by Gallup.

pos: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis ( née Bouvier ; -LSB- ˈbuːvieɪ -RSB- July 28 , 1929 -- May 19 , 1994 ) was the wife of the 35th President of the United States , John F. Kennedy , and First Lady of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963 .   Bouvier was the elder daughter of Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III and socialite Janet Lee Bouvier . In 1951 , she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature from George Washington University and went on to work for the Washington Times-Herald as an inquiring photographer .   In 1952 , Bouvier met Congressman John F. Kennedy at a dinner party . In November of that year , he was elected as a United States Senator from Massachusetts , and the couple married in 1953 . They had four children , two of whom died in infancy . As First Lady , she was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and her emphasis on arts and culture . On November 22 , 1963 , she was riding with the President in a motorcade in Dallas , Texas , when he was assassinated . She and her children withdrew from public view after his funeral , and in 1968 she married Aristotle Onassis .   Following her second husband 's death in 1975 , she had a career as a book editor for the final two decades of her life . She is remembered for her lifelong contributions to the arts and preservation of historic architecture , as well as for her style , elegance , and grace . She was a fashion icon , and her famous ensemble of pink Chanel suit and matching pillbox hat has become a symbol of her husband 's assassination . She ranks as one of the most popular First Ladies and in 1999 was named on Gallup 's list of Most Admired Men and Women in 20th-century America .

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Democratic National Convention held from August 24 to August 27 , 1964 , in Atlantic City , New Jersey .

neg: Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 Fear and Loathing : On the Campaign Trail '72 is a collection of articles covering the 1972 presidential campaign written by Hunter S. Thompson and illustrated by Ralph Steadman . The articles were first serialized in Rolling Stone magazine throughout 1972 and later released as a book in early 1973 ( San Francisco , CA : Straight Arrow Books , 1973 ; London : Allison & Busby , 1973 ) .   The book focuses almost exclusively on the Democratic Party 's primaries and the breakdown of the party as it splits between the different candidates . Of particular focus is the manic maneuvering of the George McGovern campaign during the Miami convention as they sought to ensure the Democratic nomination despite attempts by the Hubert Humphrey campaign and other candidates to block McGovern .   Thompson began his coverage of the campaign in December 1971 , just as the race toward the primaries was beginning , from a rented apartment in Washington , DC ( a situation he compared to `` living in an armed camp , a condition of constant fear '' ) . Over the next 12 months , in voluminous detail , he covered every aspect of the campaign , from the smallest rally to the raucous conventions .   Because of the freewheeling nature of the campaign , a first-generation fax machine was procured at great expense by the magazine for Thompson . Dubbing it `` the mojo wire '' , Thompson used the new technology to extend the writing process precariously close to printing deadlines , often haphazardly sending in notes mere hours before the magazine went to press . Fellow writers and editors would have to assemble the finished product with Thompson over the phone .   Like his earlier novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas , Thompson employed a number of unique literary styles in On the Campaign Trail , including the use of vulgarity and the humorous exaggeration of events . Despite the unconventional style , the book is still considered a hallmark of campaign journalism and helped to launch Thompson 's role as a popular political observer .

neg: Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016 In the 2016 United States presidential election , seven members of the U.S. Electoral College voted for a different candidate than whom they were pledged to vote . The Democratic Party nominee , Hillary Clinton , lost five of her pledged electors while the Republican Party nominee and then president-elect , Donald Trump , lost two . Three of the faithless electors voted for Colin Powell while John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one vote .   Three additional electors initially voted against their Clinton pledge but had their votes invalidated according to local statutes , so they were replaced or forced to vote again . The defections fell well short of the number needed to change the result of the election ; only two of the seven defected from the presumptive winner , when 37 were needed to change the outcome .   Although there had been a combined total of 157 instances of individual electors voting faithlessly in over two centuries of previous US presidential elections , 2016 was a year in which multiple groups of electors worked to alter the result of the election in order to `` vote their conscience for the good of America '' in accordance with Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Paper No. 68 . 2016 was also the first year since 1960 when one of the electors actively worked to change the election . Electors were subjected to public pressure , up to and including death threats .   Seven electors successfully cast faithless ballots for president , the most to defect from presidential candidates who were still alive in Electoral College history , surpassing the six electors who defected from James Madison in the 1808 election . Historically , this number of defections has been exceeded only in cases where the presidential candidate was no longer living at the time the electors cast their ballots : the seven faithless presidential votes in 2016 falls well short of the record set in 1872 , when 63 of 66 electors originally pledged to losing candidate Horace Greeley cast their votes for someone else ( Greeley had died between election day and the meeting of the Electoral College ) . The six faithless vice-presidential votes in 2016 is also short of the record for that office , without considering whether the vice-presidential candidates were still living , as multiple previous elections have had more than six faithless vice-presidential votes ; in 1836 , faithless electors successfully moved the vice-presidential decision to the U.S. Senate .

neg: Nuclear option The nuclear option is a parliamentary procedure that allows the United States Senate to override a rule or precedent by a simple majority of 51 votes , instead of by a supermajority of 60 votes . The option is invoked by the presiding officer of the body ruling that the validity of a Senate rule or precedent is a constitutional question . The issue is immediately put to the full Senate , which decides by majority vote . The procedure thus allows the Senate to decide any issue by majority vote , regardless of existing procedural rules , such as current Senate rules specifying that ending a filibuster requires the consent of 60 senators ( out of 100 ) for legislation , and 67 for amending a Senate rule . The term `` nuclear option '' is an analogy to nuclear weapons being the most extreme option in warfare .   The nuclear option has only been used in practice twice -- in 2013 and 2017 , however the threat to use it dates back at least to 1917 , in opinions related to reform of the Senate 's filibuster rules . Subsequently , an opinion written by Vice President Richard Nixon in 1957 concluded that the U.S. Constitution grants the presiding officer the authority to override existing Senate rules . The option was used to make further rule changes in 1975 . In November 2013 , Senate Democrats used the nuclear option to eliminate filibusters on executive branch nominations and federal judicial appointments other than those to the Supreme Court . On April 6 , 2017 , Senate Republicans used the nuclear option to eliminate the exception for Supreme Court nominees , after the nomination of Neil Gorsuch failed to meet the requirement of 60 votes for ending the debate .   Before November 2013 , Senate rules required a three-fifths vote of the `` duly chosen and sworn '' members of the Senate -- ( usually 60 votes ) to end debate on a bill , nomination or other proposal ; they also require a two-thirds vote ( `` present and voting '' -- 67 or more votes ) to end debate on a change to the Senate rules . Those rules effectively allowed a minority of the Senate to block a bill or nomination through the technique of the filibuster . This had resulted in a de facto requirement that a nomination have the support of 60 Senators to pass , rather than a majority of 51 . A three-fifths vote is still required to end debates on legislation . Before April 2017 , Senate rules required a three-fifths vote to confirm nominations for Supreme Court nominees .   Under the new nuclear option proceedings , the majority leader and presiding officer , guided by parliamentary experts , go through a series of choreographed steps in which the leader suggests a change to the rules , the presiding officer challenges him , and then the leader calls a second vote on a rules change , which requires only 51 votes . This effectively ends what had become a 60-vote requirement for confirmation of a Supreme Court nominee or the passage of legislation .

neg: Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of Joe Biden , the longtime Senator from Delaware , announced his candidacy for President of the United States on the edition of January 7 , 2007 of Meet the Press . He officially became a candidate on January 31 , 2007 after filing papers with the Federal Elections Commission . Biden had previously run for president in 1988 , but failed to receive the nomination of the Democratic Party . If elected , Biden would have been the first sitting Senator and Roman Catholic to be president since John F. Kennedy , and the first President to be born during World War II . ( b. 1942 )   During the campaign , Biden focused on his plan to achieve political success in the Iraq War through a system of federalization . He touted his record in the Senate as the head of several congressional committees and experience in foreign policy . Despite a few notable endorsements , Biden failed to garner significant support in opinion polls , and was marred by controversial comments made while campaigning . He ultimately dropped out of the race on January 3 , 2008 , after capturing less than 1 % of the vote in the Iowa caucus .   Seven months after conclusion of his campaign , Biden was selected to be Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama 's vice presidential running mate . The pair won in the general election , and were sworn in on January 20 , 2009 .

neg: Elective rights Two central issues for democracies are the right to candidate , and suffrage or the franchise -- that is , the decision as to who is entitled to vote . For example , Athenian democracy limited the vote to male citizens , while slaves , foreigners , and women of any status were excluded . Requirements and exclusions such as these , along with racial prohibitions , have been common in democracies . The definition of legal personhood has been historically tied up with these questions .   Generally , franchise is restricted on account of one or more of the following :  age ( in all democracies ) ,  gender ,  nationality ,  race ,  religion ,  wealth ,  birth ( e.g. , inherited social status ) ,  education ,  previous crimes , etc. .   Most contemporary democracies agree that only age , citizenship and ( in some jurisdictions ) serious , previously-committed crimes are the only of these restrictions which apply . One prominent exception to this is the limited representation available for denizens of the capital of the United States , Washington , DC ( see District of Columbia voting rights ) .   A recent example of how the `` right to vote '' changed over history is New Zealand , which was the first country to give women the right to vote ( September 19 , 1893 ) , though not the right to be elected . The participation in politics via both candidacy and suffrage in Europe and the Americas is , largely , a 20th-century phenomenon .   Sex equity has been recognized in other ways in other societies , however . The Iroquois Confederacy gave a strong political role to women perhaps to as far back as its origins in the 12th century , although , as in 19th century New Zealand , this was expressed as support for a specific male , not the right to sit in council . The Iroquois Confederacy , like many Native American societies , recognized rituals to allow post-menopausal or powerful widowed women to assume the role of a man -- because of this , it is possible that at some point in its history , the Confederacy permitted a full and formal role to women .   Some limited ( to a greater or lesser degree ) alternative voting and official appointing systems claim to be democratic . One-party states such as the People 's Republic of China apply a limited form of disapproval voting that helps to signal the acceptance of those promoted into new posts . Those who do not receive very high ( over 80 % ) acceptance generally rise no further in rank or position .   Under perestroika , shortly before its collapse , the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under Mikhail Gorbachev implemented reforms to allow multiple candidates , all from the local Communist Party , to run against each other . Such methods are not generally viewed as providing an equivalent political expression to the right to replace an entire centralized power group by way of election , as can occur in a multi-party system .   Another means of limited democracy is that practiced in the Islamic Republic of Iran , where the right to run as a candidate is controlled by the religious authorities . Such groups as the Communist Party and the Green Party of Iran are excluded from the slate of candidates . Recent elections in Iran have suffered from very low turnout .   In the United States of America , restrictions on the right to vote due to property ownership or lack thereof , and in some places literacy , were common until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . Today all but a few states deny the right to vote to those who have been convicted of a felony at any point in their past ( voting rights are , in some cases , restored via executive ( on the state or federal level ) pardon ) .   In the European Union every citizen has the right to participate in the elections of the European Parliament . Not every vote is counted equally , however : Voters from bigger countries are significantly underrepresented relative to voters from smaller countries . E.g. , a vote from Luxembourg carries 12 times as much weight as does a vote from Germany . Many places have similar problems with the distribution of votes per region . In the US , a Californian vote carries four times the weight of a Montana vote in the presidential election .   Category : Democracy

neg: Election An election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office . Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century . Elections may fill offices in the legislature , sometimes in the executive and judiciary , and for regional and local government . This process is also used in many other private and business organizations , from clubs to voluntary associations and corporations .   The universal use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype , ancient Athens , where the Elections were considered an oligarchic institution and most political offices were filled using sortition , also known as allotment , by which officeholders were chosen by lot .   Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are not in place , or improving the fairness or effectiveness of existing systems . Psephology is the study of results and other statistics relating to elections ( especially with a view to predicting future results ) .   To elect means `` to choose or make a decision '' , and so sometimes other forms of ballot such as referendums are referred to as elections , especially in the United States .

neg: GLIFAA GLIFAA ( formerly Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies ) is the officially recognized organization representing lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender etc. ( LGBT + ) personnel and their families in the United States Department of State , U.S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) , Foreign Commercial Service , Foreign Agricultural Service , and other agencies and entities working in foreign affairs in the U.S. Government . The acronym comes from its original name , Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies . As of 2014 , the organization goes by GLIFAA and uses the slogan `` LGBT + pride in foreign affairs agencies '' to underscore its inclusive composition . GLIFAA was founded in 1992 by fewer than a dozen employees who faced official harassment and potential loss of their jobs simply because of their sexual orientation . The organization has grown to hundreds of Foreign Service , Civil Service , and contract personnel and their families serving in Washington , throughout the U.S. , and at U.S. embassies and missions around the world . Members also include retirees and straight allies in government agencies , while other supporters are affiliate members .   Among other accomplishments , GLIFAA succeeded in pressing for the issuance of a non-discrimination policy by Secretary of State Warren Christopher in 1993 , and worked with the U.S. Administration , the management of government agencies , and other employee associations to eliminate barriers for obtaining security clearances and create and implement non-discrimination policies with regard to entry and employment in the U.S. Foreign Service and Civil Service . In addition , the organization worked to improve the situation for the partners of LGBT U.S. Foreign Service personnel serving overseas . GLIFAA met with Secretaries of State Colin Powell , Condoleezza Rice , and Hillary Clinton .

neg: Democrats for Nixon Democrats for Nixon was a campaign to promote Democratic support for the then-incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon in the 1972 presidential election . The campaign was led by the former Democratic governor of Texas , John Connally .   Connally , who was serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury , announced that he would be supporting Nixon for re-election and would spend his time until the elections working on behalf of the incumbent .   A Democrat who had been Governor of Texas and United States Secretary of the Navy under John F. Kennedy , Connally formally announced the formation of the organization in August 1972 . Polling cited by Connally indicated that as many as 20 million Democrats would cross over to vote for Nixon and invited `` all those millions of Democrats who realize that in this Presidential election President Nixon is simply the better choice '' . Connally stated that he was troubled by Senator George McGovern 's campaign and felt that the Democratic party `` is becoming an ideological machine closed to millions who have been the party 's most loyal and steadfast members '' under McGovern 's leadership . The committee included Mayor Beverly Briley of Nashville , Tennessee , former Governor of Florida Farris Bryant , Mayor of Boston John F. Collins , Mayor Thomas G. Dunn of Elizabeth , New Jersey , Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons , Governor of Virginia Mills E. Godwin , Jr. , Mayor of Miami , Florida David T. Kennedy and Leonard Marks who had previously headed the United States Information Agency . A fundraising target of as much as $ 3 million was set for the organization . Connally also announced that Jeno Paulucci , a frozen food distributor who had been closely involved as a fundraiser for Hubert H. Humphrey in his presidential bids , would serve as head of a group encouraging independent voters to choose Nixon .   In a September 1972 article in The New York Times , Connally was quoted as saying that increasing numbers of traditionally Democratic voters were leaving the fold because they `` are afraid of George McGovern '' because of his proposals for major cutbacks in defense spending and in the number of U.S. troops serving in Europe . Connally insisted that `` it is in the best interests of this country that the president be re-elected this year '' .

neg: Jacqueline A. Berrien Jacqueline Ann Berrien ( November 28 , 1961 -- November 9 , 2015 ) headed the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ( EEOC ) under President Obama from 2009 to 2014 . She had previously been a lawyer for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Legal Defense and Educational Fund ( NAACP LDF ) .

neg: Poet Laureate of New Jersey The Poet Laureate of New Jersey ( statutorily known as New Jersey William Carlos Williams Citation of Merit ) was an honor presented biennially by the Governor of New Jersey to a distinguished New Jersey poet . Created in 1999 , this position existed for less than four years and was abolished by the legislature effective July 2 , 2003 . When the New Jersey State Legislature created the laureate position , the bill provided specifically for the creation of an award named in honor of twentieth-century poet and physician William Carlos Williams ( 1883 -- 1963 ) who resided in Rutherford , New Jersey . However , the legislature recognized that the award 's recipient would `` be considered the poet laureate of the State of New Jersey for a period of two years . Before the position was abolished , only two poets , Gerald Stern and Amiri Baraka , had been appointed as the state 's poet laureate .   The legislature 's bill was signed into law by Governor Christine Todd Whitman . It was expected that the award 's recipient -- the poet laureate -- would `` engage in activities to promote and encourage poetry within the State and shall give no fewer than two public readings within the State each year . '' In this respect , New Jersey 's poet laureate was similar to the position of Poet laureate in other American states and in several other countries . However , a public reading in September 2002 by the state 's second laureate , Newark-based poet Amiri Baraka of his poem `` Somebody Blew Up America '' was met with harsh criticism by the public and news media . The poem which explores terrorist attacks on September 11 , 2001 was considered to be violent , incendiary and anti-Semitic , and the ensuing controversy ignited a political firestorm . Because of Baraka 's defiant refusals to apologize or resign as poet laureate and that there was no mechanism within the law to remove him , the position was abolished by the legislature and Governor James E. McGreevey in 2003 .

neg: A Woman Named Jackie A Woman Named Jackie is a 1991 American television miniseries chronicling the life of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . It was based on C. David Heymann 's 1989 book of the same title .   The miniseries was split into three parts :  A Woman Named Jackie , Part 1 : The Bouvier Years  A Woman Named Jackie , Part 2 : The Kennedy Years  A Woman Named Jackie , Part 3 : The Onassis Years

neg: Elizabeth Jaffray Elizabeth Jaffray was an American employed as a servant at the White House in the early 20th century .   Jaffray was retained as White House head housekeeper in 1909 , a position then equivalent to that of a majordomo . Recruited from an `` exclusive New York employment bureau '' , she became the first female chief servant in White House history . One of Jaffray 's earliest , and most controversial , moves was to order the segregation of dining among White House staff . Prior to Jaffray , Caucasian and African-American butlers and valets would dine together , while lower-ranked servants such as maids and footmen would dine separately , though also at a racially integrated table . Jaffrey ordered that the two dining tables be arranged by race , instead of rank . When servants rebelled against the move she threatened mass firings , gaining their ultimate obedience . During her time at the White House she came to be regarded by employees as `` a real terror '' .   According to Major Archibald Butt , the aide de camp to President William Howard Taft , Jaffray claimed to have `` seen and felt '' the ghost of a child she believed was William Wallace Lincoln on several occasions in 1912 , around the fiftieth anniversary of his death . The same year she would fret over the corpulent Taft 's eating habits , prompting him to promise to go on a diet .   Jaffray used horses as a means of transport longer than anyone else at the White House , continuing to be chauffeured in a brougham for her daily shopping excursions into the mid 1920s .   Jaffray remained at the White House for 17 years and left in 1926 during the presidency of Calvin Coolidge . Jaffray had reportedly become disgusted by Coolidge 's austere spending on White House entertaining ; Coolidge , in turn , referred to Jaffray by the nickname `` queenie '' . Grace Coolidge expressed relief at Jaffray 's departure , musing that `` she has come to consider herself the permanent resident and the President and his family transients '' . Following her departure Jaffray wrote `` Secrets of the White House '' . Published by Cosmopolitan , the book was a tell-all about her time at the executive mansion .

neg: A Rape on Campus `` A Rape on Campus '' is a now-retracted Rolling Stone magazine article , written by Sabrina Erdely and originally published on November 19 , 2014 , that describes a purported group sexual assault at the University of Virginia ( UVA ) . Rolling Stone retracted the story in its entirety on April 5 , 2015 .   The article included a claim that a UVA student , identified only as `` Jackie '' by the magazine , had been taken to a party hosted by the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity at UVA by a fellow student . At the party , Jackie alleged in the article , her date led her to a bedroom where she was raped by several fraternity members as part of an initiation rite .   Jackie 's account generated much media attention , and UVA suspended the fraternity . After other journalists investigated the article 's claims and found significant discrepancies , Rolling Stone issued multiple apologies for the story . Further investigation concluded that Jackie had fabricated the incident . According to multiple media , Jackie may have invented the gang rape story in an unsuccessful attempt to win the affections of a fellow student that she had a crush on .   On January 12 , 2015 , Charlottesville Police Department officials told UVA that an investigation had failed to find any evidence confirming the events in the Rolling Stone article . On January 30 , 2015 , UVA President Teresa Sullivan acknowledged that the Rolling Stone story was discredited . Charlottesville Police officially suspended their four-month investigation on March 23 , 2015 , based on lack of credible evidence . At the request of Rolling Stone publisher Jann S. Wenner , the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism agreed to audit the editorial processes that led to the publication of the story . On April 5 , 2015 , Rolling Stone retracted the article and published the independent report on the publication 's history . UVA associate dean Nicole Eramo , the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity , and several fraternity members have since filed lawsuits against Erdely and Rolling Stone .   In light of the findings , Erik Wemple of The Washington Post pronounced the story `` a complete crock '' . In the Columbia Journalism Review , Bill Grueskin called the story `` a mess -- thinly sourced , full of erroneous assumptions , and plagued by gaping holes in the reporting . '' The Columbia Journalism Review called the story `` this year 's media-fail sweepstakes '' and the Poynter Institute named it as the `` Error of the Year '' in journalism .

neg: Arrow's impossibility theorem In social choice theory , Arrow 's impossibility theorem , the general possibility theorem or Arrow 's paradox is an impossibility theorem stating that when voters have three or more distinct alternatives ( options ) , no ranked voting electoral system can convert the ranked preferences of individuals into a community-wide ( complete and transitive ) ranking while also meeting a pre-specified set of criteria : unrestricted domain , non-dictatorship , Pareto efficiency , and independence of irrelevant alternatives . The theorem is often cited in discussions of voting theory as it is further interpreted by the Gibbard -- Satterthwaite theorem .   The theorem is named after economist Kenneth Arrow , who demonstrated the theorem in his doctoral thesis and popularized it in his 1951 book Social Choice and Individual Values . The original paper was titled `` A Difficulty in the Concept of Social Welfare '' .   In short , the theorem states that no rank-order electoral system can be designed that always satisfies these three `` fairness '' criteria :  If every voter prefers alternative X over alternative Y , then the group prefers X over Y.  If every voter 's preference between X and Y remains unchanged , then the group 's preference between X and Y will also remain unchanged ( even if voters ' preferences between other pairs like X and Z , Y and Z , or Z and W change ) .  There is no `` dictator '' : no single voter possesses the power to always determine the group 's preference .   Cardinal voting electoral systems are not covered by the theorem , as they convey more information than rank orders . ( See the subsection discussing the cardinal utility approach to overcoming the negative conclusion . ) Arrow originally rejected cardinal utility as a meaningful tool for expressing social welfare , and so focused his theorem on preference rankings , but later stated that a cardinal score system with three or four classes `` is probably the best '' .   The theorem can also be sidestepped by weakening the notion of independence .   The axiomatic approach Arrow adopted can treat all conceivable rules ( that are based on preferences ) within one unified framework . In that sense , the approach is qualitatively different from the earlier one in voting theory , in which rules were investigated one by one . One can therefore say that the contemporary paradigm of social choice theory started from this theorem .   The practical consequences of the theorem are debatable : Arrow has said `` Most systems are not going to work badly all of the time . All I proved is that all can work badly at times . ''

neg: Cultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis A major American icon , Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis has been portrayed , alluded to , and referred to in many media in the popular culture from the 1960s and continuing into the 21st century .

neg: John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president .   Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President .   Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval .   On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .

neg: Julie Mason Julie Mason is a journalist and the host of `` The Press Pool '' on SiriusXM radio 's POTUS channel .   She has been a White House correspondent for the Houston Chronicle , Washington Examiner and Politico during the George W. Bush administration and the first term of Barack Obama 's administration . She was with the Chronicle for twenty years .   Mason grew up in Acton , Massachusetts , graduated from Lawrence Academy at Groton and attended American University in Washington , D.C. , in the 1980s . Her first job was as a clerk in the Washington bureau of the Dallas Morning News , and In 1988 she went to Texas to work as a reporter with the Houston Chronicle . She was transferred to the newspaper 's Washington bureau in 2001 but was laid off in 2008 while serving as the paper 's White House correspondent . She worked at the Washington Examiner as a White House reporter until 2010 , when she joined Politico 's White House team . She joined SiriusXM in 2011 . In 2014 , Mason received the Gracie Award from the Alliance for Women in the Media for outstanding achievement as a radio talk show host . She has been the secretary and a board member of the White House Correspondents ' Association .   She has been noted for her impressions of notable figures such as Laura Bush , Michelle Obama , Elizabeth Warren and John Boehner . Readers of FishbowlDC in 2012 voted Mason `` class clown '' of the Washington press corps .   One report said that Mason is known for her `` bawdy personality and quick wit . '' Television commentator Bill O'Reilly in 2014 called her a `` loon '' because , according to him , she suggested that he and Glenn Beck may have damaged the Fox News `` brand . ''   In 2011 , White House press secretary Jay Carney called one of Mason 's stories `` partisan , inflammatory and tendentious , '' and U.S. National Security Council spokesperson Tommy Vietor sent her an e-mail that included an animated picture of a crying mime , a `` visual suggestion that she was whining , '' according to Washington Post columnist Paul Farhi .   She lives in Washington , in the Dupont-Logan-U Street-Columbia Heights area .

neg: Distinguished Americans series The Distinguished Americans series is a set of definitive stamps issued by the United States Postal Service which was started in 2000 with a 10 cents stamp depicting Joseph Stilwell . The designs of the first nine issues are reminiscent of the earlier Great Americans series , but less austere . The first nine issues were done with black lines on a white background , but in 2008 , with the James A. Michener issue ( # 10 ) , the USPS added color toning . Like the Great Americans series , the first twelve issues measured 0.84 inches by 0.99 inches overall , and were all designed by Mark Summers of Waterdown , Ontario . In 2011 , with the Oveta Culp Hobby stamp , the series went to a larger format with full color images , and colored backgrounds .   The 2004 Rudolph stamp is the only one in the series to have been issued in both a sheet ( pane ) and booklet format . Although both the 2001 Caraway issue and the 2002 -- 2003 Ferber issues have perforation differences .   The stamps issued in this series include the following ( rank , date of issue , denomination , depicted person ) :   2000 , August 24 . 10 cents . General Joseph W. Stilwell .  2000 , September 7 . 33 cents . Senator Claude Pepper .  2001 , February 21 . 76 cents . Senator Hattie W. Caraway .  2002 , July 29 . 83 cents . Author Edna Ferber , reissued in 2003 with 11 1/4 x 11 1/4 perforations .  2004 , July 14 . 23 cents . Athlete Wilma Rudolph .  2006 , March 9 . 63 cents . Medical Scientist Jonas Salk .  2006 , March 9 . 87 cents . Virologist Albert Sabin .  2007 , June 13 . 58 cents . Senator Margaret Chase Smith .  2007 , June 13 . 75 cents . Author Harriet Beecher Stowe .  2008 , May 12 . 59 cents . Author James A. Michener .  2008 , May 12 . 76 cents . Physician Edward Trudeau .  2009 , May 15 . 78 cents . Philanthropist Mary Lasker  2011 , April 15 . 84 cents , first-class mail , three-ounce rate stamp . Stateswoman Oveta Culp Hobby  2012 , April 26 . Forever . Actor José Ferrer  2014 , March 13 . 70 cents , first-class mail , two-ounce rate stamp . Black Aviator C. Alfred `` Chief '' Anderson  2017 , April 11 in Rochester , NY . 70 cents , first-class mail , two-ounce rate stamp . Teacher , Pioneer of Deaf Studies Robert Panara

neg: National Missing and Unidentified Persons System National Missing and Unidentified Persons System , abbreviated as NamUs , is a clearing house for missing persons and unidentified decedent records in the United States , a part of the Department of Justice . NamUs also provides free DNA testing and other forensic services , such as anthropology and odontology assistance .   In 2005 , the National Institute of Justice assembled for a national strategy meeting regarding missing persons in the United States ; they called the meeting `` Identifying the Missing Summit . '' Forensic scientists , policymakers , victim advocates and law enforcement officials discussed the challenges and strategies for solving missing person cases and identifying unidentified decedent cases . From there the Deputy Attorney General created a task force , The National Missing Persons Task Force , and encouraged the U.S Department of Justice to find prominent tools that will help solve these cases . NamUs was created , subsequently .   The NamUs database was created in three phases ; in Phase III , released in 2009 , the system became fully searchable and open to the public .   Through NamUs , users will have access to three databases : Unidentified Persons database , Missing Persons database and an UnClaimed Persons database .   In the database users can search by state , date last seen , circumstances , physical/medical characteristics , clothing and accessories , sex , ethnicity , race and more , in order to locate or search for a potential match or personal profile . Each missing person and unidentified person have their own four digit code number . If a potential match is found , users can notify and submit the potential match to case managers , local law enforcement agencies or NamUs regional administrators . If a potential match has been ruled out it will appear on the unidentified person 's profile , under the section `` exclusions . ''   The issue of unidentified remains in the United States has been coined `` the Nation 's Silent Mass Disaster . '' There are approximately 40,000 unidentified human remains that have been buried or cremated before being identified . Furthering the problem of identification , in 2004 , less than half of the nation 's medical examiner 's offices had policies for retaining DNA , x-rays , or fingerprints of unidentified persons . Another issue that has left remains unidentified has been the reporting of missing persons . Those who go missing over the 18 are not required to be reported - reporting them is voluntary . Consequently , there has been a low rate of reported adult cases through NCIC ( the National Crime Information Center ) . Ultimately NamUs is working together with the public and national level databases to incorporate the records of missing persons and meet the challenges of non-reporting .   Currently , there have been 16,080 missing person cases on file through NamUs . , 60.46 % , or 9,723 of them remain open and unsolved . Of the closed cases , 665 , or 10.46 % , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database .   Furthermore , there have been 10,714 unidentified persons cases on filed through NamUs . , 88.66 % , or 9,500 , remain open and unidentified . Of the closed cases , 285 , or 23.495 , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database .


query: Susan Sarandon starred in Atlantic City.

pos: Atlantic City (1980 film) Atlantic City is a 1980 French-Canadian romantic crime film directed by Louis Malle . Filmed in late 1979 , it was released in France and Germany in 1980 and in the United States in 1981 . The script was written by John Guare . It stars Burt Lancaster , Susan Sarandon , Kate Reid , Robert Joy , Hollis McLaren , Michel Piccoli , and Al Waxman .   Atlantic City is among the 41 films to be nominated for all `` Big Five '' Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor , Best Actress and Best Screenplay , and one of only eight among this group to not take home a single award .

neg: Sara (1992 film) Sara ( سارا , also Romanized as Sārā ) is a 1992 motion picture directed by Dariush Mehrjui . The film is based on Henrik Ibsen 's play A Doll 's House , with Sara in the role of Nora , Hessam in the role of Torvald , Sima in the role of Ms Linde and Goshtasb in the role of Nils Krogstad .   The movie won the Audience Award at the Nantes Three Continents Festival , and tied for the Golden Seashell at the San Sebastián International Film Festival , where Niki Karimi won Best Actress award ( Silver Seashell ) for the title role and Yassamin Maleknasr Best Supporting Actress in Fajer Film Festival

neg: Susan Diol Susan Vanita Diol ( born May 25 , 1962 ) is an American television actress who has played supporting roles in over forty series , including One Life to Live , Star Trek : The Next Generation , NCIS , and CSI : Crime Scene Investigation .

neg: Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City The Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City began as a hotel on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City , New Jersey , built at the beginning of the Roaring Twenties and renowned for its luxurious decor and famous guests . It was used as an apartment hotel beginning in 1969 , and then purchased in 1978 intending to develop it as a hotel/casino . The building was converted to The Ritz Condominiums in 1982 .

neg: Susan Raab Simonson Susan Raab Simonson ( May 1 , 1969 -- November 27 , 2006 ) was an American stage actress and theatre producer .

neg: Safe Harbour (film) Safe Harbour , also known as Danielle Steel 's Safe Harbour , is a 2007 direct-to-video film directed by Bill Corcoran , based upon the 2003 novel of the same name by Danielle Steel .

neg: Ocean City, Florida Ocean City is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Okaloosa County , Florida , United States . The population was 5,594 at the 2000 census . It is part of the Fort Walton Beach -- Crestview -- Destin Metropolitan Statistical Area .

neg: Susan Powell (Miss America) Susan Carol Powell ( born March 24 , 1959 ) is an American actress , singer , and television personality . A native of Elk City , Oklahoma , Powell began her career as a successful beauty pageant contestant , winning the Miss Oklahoma pageant in 1980 and proceeded to the Miss America crown for the year 1981 . A coloratura soprano , she has performed in musical theater and on opera stages around the world . In 1993 , Powell embarked on a new television career , becoming the co-host of Discovery Channel 's Home Matters home and garden program in 1993 .

neg: Atlantic Beach, South Carolina Atlantic Beach is a small town in Horry County , South Carolina , United States . The population was 334 at the 2010 census . Most of the land around the town is annexed into the city of North Myrtle Beach .

neg: Susan Paddon Susan Paddon is a Canadian poet . Her debut collection Two Tragedies in 429 Breaths , published in 2015 , was a finalist for the Raymond Souster Award and the ReLit Award for Poetry , and won the J. M. Abraham Poetry Award .   Originally from St. Thomas , Ontario , she attended McGill University and Concordia University in Montreal . She currently resides in Margaree , Nova Scotia .

neg: Susan Browning Susan Brown Browning ( February 25 , 1941 -- April 23 , 2006 ) was an American actress .   Browning was born in Baldwin , New York . She attended Penn State University where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta . She was nominated for two Tony Awards : for Best Actress in a Musical for Company in 1971 and for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Goodtime Charley in 1975 . She was also featured on Broadway in the musicals Big River and Shelter , as well as several plays .   Browning played one of the nuns in the 1992 movie Sister Act , as well as its 1993 sequel Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit . Her television work included appearances on Law & Order , One Life to Live , Mary Hartman , Mary Hartman , The Monkees , The Girl From U.N.C.L.E. , and The Wild Wild West .

neg: Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' .   Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event .   Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge .   There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act .   The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck .   In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .

neg: Kansas City (Oklahoma!) `` Kansas City '' is a song from the musical Oklahoma ! . The plot set-up for it is the return of cowboy Will Parker ( played in the film by Gene Nelson ) from an excursion to the city of the same name . He describes his experiences in song . The song describes the wonders of there and its entertainments ( from the viewpoint of a country bumpkin ) , all reprising with the concept that the conditions ( in 1906 ) represent the ultimate in progress , with little more expected .   For the 1955 motion picture , a few lyrics about a burlesque stripteaser had to undergo minor changes to pass film censorship . In the original Broadway musical , Will sings :   I could swear that she was padded from her shoulder to her heel .  But later in the second act , when she began to peel ,  She proved that everything she had was absolutely real !   For the film , these were changed to :   I could swear that she was padded from her shoulder to her heel .  But then she started dancing and her dancing made me feel  That every single thing she had was absolutely real !

neg: Stonewall (2015 film) Stonewall is a 2015 American drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Jon Robin Baitz . The film stars Jeremy Irvine , Ron Perlman , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , Joey King , Caleb Landry Jones , Matt Craven , Atticus Mitchell , and Mark Camacho . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Roadside Attractions .   The drama is set in and around the 1969 Stonewall riots , the violent clash with police that kicked off the gay liberation movement in New York City .

neg: Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey Atlantic Highlands is a borough in Monmouth County , New Jersey , in the Bayshore Region . As of the 2010 United States Census , the borough 's population was 4,385 , reflecting a decline of 320 ( -6.8 % ) from the 4,705 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 76 ( +1.6 % ) from the 4,629 counted in the 1990 Census .   Atlantic Highlands contains Mount Mitchill , the highest point on the eastern seaboard south of Maine , rising 266 ft above sea level . The borough 's name comes from its location overlooking the Atlantic Ocean .   Atlantic Highlands was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28 , 1887 , from portions of Middletown Township , based on the results of a referendum held that day . The borough was reincorporated on September 1 , 1891 .   Atlantic Highlands is part of the Bayshore Regional Strategic Plan , an effort by nine municipalities in northern Monmouth County to reinvigorate the area 's economy by emphasizing the traditional downtowns , dense residential neighborhoods , maritime history , and the natural beauty of the Raritan Bayshore coastline .

neg: Under the Boardwalk (film) Under the Boardwalk is a 1989 American teen romance/drama film starring Keith Coogan and Danielle von Zerneck .

neg: Sandrine in the Rain Sandrine in the Rain ( Sandrine nella pioggia ) is a 2008 thriller film written and directed by Tonino Zangardi and starring Sara Forestier and Adriano Giannini . It premiered at the 2008 Busan International Film Festival .

neg: Ocean City Ocean City may refer to one of several places in the United States :  Ocean City , Maryland , a prominent beach resort town in the mid-Atlantic region .  Ocean City , New Jersey , a family-oriented seaside resort town near Atlantic City .  Ocean City , Florida , a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Okaloosa County .  Ocean City , Washington , a sparsely populated CDP along the Pacific Coast .

neg: Susan Ursitti Susan Ursitti is an American actress .

neg: Atlantic City mayoral election, 2017 The 2017 Atlantic City mayoral election will be held on November 7 , 2017 to elect the Mayor of Atlantic City , New Jersey . Primary elections will be held on June 6 . Incumbent Republican Don Guardian is running for a second term .

neg: Atlantic City algorithm An Atlantic City algorithm is a probabilistic polynomial-time algorithm that answers correctly at least 75 % of the time ( or , in some versions , some other value greater than 50 % ) . The term `` Atlantic City '' was first introduced in 1982 by J. Finn in an unpublished manuscript entitled Comparison of probabilistic tests for primality .   Two other common classes of probabilistic algorithms are Monte Carlo algorithms and Las Vegas algorithms . Monte Carlo algorithms are always fast , but only probably correct . On the other hand , Las Vegas algorithms are always correct , but only probably fast . The Atlantic City algorithms which are bounded probabilistic polynomial time algorithms are probably correct and probably fast .


query: The NBA Championship ended the 1983-84 NBA season.

pos: 1983–84 NBA season The 1983 -- 84 NBA season was the 38th season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning the NBA Championship , beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 3 for the second time since 1969 in the NBA Finals .

neg: 1984 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament The 1984 Big East Men 's Basketball Tournament took place at Madison Square Garden in New York City , from March 7 to March 10 , 1984 . Its winner received the Big East Conference 's automatic bid to the 1984 NCAA Tournament . It is a single-elimination tournament with four rounds . Georgetown had the best regular season conference record and received the # 1 seed .   Georgetown defeated Syracuse in the championship game 82 -- 71 , to claim its third Big East Tournament championship .

neg: 1959–60 Boston Celtics season The 1959 -- 60 NBA season was the Celtics ' 14th season in the NBA . The Celtics finished the season by winning their third NBA Championship .

neg: NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards .   Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA .   Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .

neg: FIBA Africa Championship 1983 The FIBA Africa Championship 1983 was hosted by Egypt from December 19 to December 28 , 1983 . The games were played in Alexandria . Egypt won the tournament , its fifth African Championship , to qualify for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles .

neg: 2013–14 Miami Heat season The 2013 -- 14 Miami Heat season was the franchise 's 26th season in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They entered the season as two-time defending NBA champions ( third overall ) , and three-time defending Eastern Conference champions , the fourth and final season playing with the `` Big Three '' of Dwyane Wade , LeBron James , and Chris Bosh , and the sixth season under head coach Erik Spoelstra . In a rematch of the previous year 's Eastern Conference Finals , the Heat defeated the Indiana Pacers in six games to become the first team to win four consecutive Eastern Conference championships since the 1986 -- 87 Boston Celtics capped a Boston-dominant string going back to the 1983 -- 84 season . Miami 's quest for a three-peat ended when the San Antonio Spurs , whom they would meet again in a rematch of last year 's NBA Finals and defeated in seven games , won the NBA Finals by a 4 -- 1 margin . Following the season , LeBron left the Heat to rejoin the Cleveland Cavaliers .

neg: List of American Basketball Association awards and honors The American Basketball Association ( ABA ) was a professional basketball league that operated from the until it ceased to exist with the ABA -- NBA merger in 1976 . The ABA presented a variety of annual awards and honors to recognize its players and executives .   There were six awards presented by the ABA . Three Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) awards were presented annually in the All-Star Game , the regular season , and the playoffs . In sports , the player judged to be the most important to the team is the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) . Other annual awards include the Executive of the Year , the Coach of the Year , and the Rookie of the Year . Honors were also presented to players who excelled in the respective categories of : best players , best defensive players , and best rookies . The Executive of the Year Award and the All-Defensive Team started in the , while the rest started in the first season . Julius Erving has won the most ABA awards with five MVP awards -- three in the regular season and two in the playoffs . Artis Gilmore has won the most ABA honors with nine . A total of 80 ABA players and executives have received at least one award or honor .

neg: 1983–84 Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball team The 1983 -- 84 Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball team represented the University of Oklahoma in competitive college basketball during the 1983 -- 84 NCAA Division I season . The Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball team played its home games in the Lloyd Noble Center and was a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) former Big Eight Conference at that time . The team posted a 29 -- 5 overall record and a 13 -- 1 conference record to finish first in the Conference for head coach Billy Tubbs . This was the first Big Eight Conference Regular Season Championship for Tubbs .   The team was led by All American and Big Eight Conference Men 's Basketball Player of the Year Wayman Tisdale . The team lost its second game at the Great Alaska Shootout . It then won eleven in a row before enduring its only conference loss at . It then won four in a row before losing to . The team won the rest of its regular season games and the first two Big Eight Conference Tournament games bringing its win streak to 13 . It lost the conference title game to . The team then lost its first game in the 1983 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament to .   Over the course of the season , Wayman Tisdale established the current Oklahoma Sooners men 's basketball single-season scoring average ( 27.0 ) and single-game points ( 61 ) records .

neg: 1993–94 Atlanta Hawks season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Hawks ' 45th season in the National Basketball Association , and 26th season in Atlanta . In the offseason , Michael Jordan shocked the NBA by announcing his retirement . This meant that various teams in the league had an opportunity to contend for a championship . The Hawks hired Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens as their new head coach . Wilkens was a star guard for the franchise when it was based in St. Louis in the 1960s . Wilkens was quickly moving up the all-time coaching wins list after successful runs with the Seattle SuperSonics and Cleveland Cavaliers . Wilkens employed a defensive system which benefited several members of the team . The team also signed free agents Craig Ehlo and Andrew Lang during the offseason .   The Hawks got off to a slow start losing four of their first five games , but then went on a 14-game winning streak as they held a 34 -- 13 record before the All-Star break . Despite being in first place in the East , the Hawks would trade franchise leading scorer Dominique Wilkins to the Los Angeles Clippers for All-Star forward Danny Manning on February 24 . By the end of the season , the Hawks finished first overall in the Eastern Conference with a record of 57 wins and 25 losses . Guards Stacey Augmon and Mookie Blaylock were both named to the NBA All-Defensive team . Blaylock was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game along with Wilkins , and Coach of The Year , Lenny Wilkens coaching the Eastern Conference .   In the playoffs , the Hawks defeated the Miami Heat in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in five games after trailing 2 -- 1 , but lost to the 5th-seeded Indiana Pacers four games to two in the semifinals . Following the season , Manning signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Phoenix Suns , Duane Ferrell signed with the Indiana Pacers , and second-year forward Adam Keefe was traded to the Utah Jazz .

neg: 1980–81 Houston Rockets season The 1980 -- 81 Houston Rockets season saw the Rockets lose the NBA Finals . The 1981 Rockets are the only team since the 1959 Minneapolis Lakers to make the NBA Finals with a losing record .

neg: 1963–64 NBA season The 1963 -- 64 NBA season was the 18th season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning their 6th straight NBA Championship , beating the San Francisco Warriors 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals .

neg: 1994 NBA Finals The 1994 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1993 -- 94 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season , featuring the Western Conference 's Houston Rockets defeating the Eastern Conference 's New York Knicks .   This matchup was Hakeem Olajuwon 's second NBA Finals appearance , his other being in 1986 , where Larry Bird and the Boston Celtics defeated the Houston Rockets four games to two . The series was Patrick Ewing 's first NBA Finals appearance . The Rockets came in with strong determination to win not only the franchise 's first NBA championship , but the city 's first championship in a league that still existed , while the Knicks were looking to add a third NBA championship trophy , as the Knicks ' last trophy came from the 1973 NBA Finals . The Knicks also hoped to impress their new owners Viacom , who had just bought Paramount Communications ( formerly Gulf + Western ) , their longtime owners ( after the series however , Viacom sold the Knicks and the rest of the Madison Square Garden properties ) .   The series was hailed as a meeting of the two great centers who had previously played for a championship in college . In 1984 while Olajuwon was with the University of Houston and Ewing was with Georgetown University , Georgetown had beaten Houston 84 -- 75 in the 1984 NCAA Championship game . In this series , however , Olajuwon outperformed Ewing , outscoring him in every game of the series and posting numbers of 26.9 ppg on 50.0 % shooting compared to Ewing 's 18.9 ppg on 36.3 % shooting . However , Ewing set an NBA finals record in the series with a total of 30 blocks , and he tied the single-game record of 8 blocks in Game 5 . Tim Duncan would later set the record for most blocks in a Finals series ( 2003 ) with 32 blocks in six games while Dwight Howard would set the record for most blocked shots in a Finals game with 9 blocked shots in Game 4 of the 2009 Finals while with the Orlando Magic .   During the series , the Houston Rockets played seven low-scoring , defensive games against the New York Knicks . After splitting the first two games in Houston , the Knicks won two out of three games at Madison Square Garden , which also hosted the Rangers first Stanley Cup celebration in 54 years during the series .   In Game 6 , however , Rockets center Hakeem Olajuwon blocked a last-second championship-winning shot attempt by John Starks , giving the Rockets an 86 -- 84 victory and forcing a Game 7 , which made Knicks Coach Pat Riley the first ( and to this date , the only ) coach in a Game 7 NBA Finals on two different teams , having been with the Los Angeles Lakers in and . In addition , the Knicks set a record for most playoff games played in one season , with 25 . The Detroit Pistons tied this record in . The Boston Celtics , coached by Doc Rivers , would surpass it during their championship season of 2008 when they played 26 .   The Rockets beat the Knicks in Game 7 , 90 -- 84 , enabling the city of Houston to not only celebrate its first NBA and fifth professional sports championship ( first in an existing league ) , but also deny New York from having both NBA and NHL championships in the same year ( Chicago had suffered this fate in 1992 , with the Bulls winning their second NBA championship and the Blackhawks losing in the Stanley Cup Finals ) . For his efforts Olajuwon was named NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . For the Knicks , Riley had the unfortunate distinction of having become the first ( and to this date , the only ) coach to lose a Game 7 NBA Finals on two different teams , having lost to the Celtics in 1984 . It also denied him the distinction of being the first coach to win a Game 7 NBA Finals with two different teams , having defeated the Detroit Pistons in 1988 .   NBC Sports used Ahmad Rashād ( Knicks sideline ) and Hannah Storm ( Rockets sideline ) .   Hal Douglas narrated the season-ending documentary Clutch City for NBA Entertainment .

neg: 1985–86 Atlanta Hawks season The Hawks entered the season with rookies Jon Koncak and Spud Webb . The Hawks were transformed into one of the youngest teams in the NBA . The Hawks were led by `` the Human Highlight Reel '' Dominique Wilkins . He would have an outstanding year as he led the NBA in scoring with an average of 30.3 points per game . One of the highlights of the season came when Webb ( measuring five feet , seven inches ) won the NBA Slam Dunk contest during All-Star Weekend . In the second half of the season , the Hawks would be one of the strongest teams in the league . The club won 35 of their final 52 games to finish the season with a record of 50 wins and 32 losses . In the playoffs , the Hawks would eliminate the Detroit Pistons in 4 games . In the 2nd round , the Hawks would be defeated by the Boston Celtics in 5 games .   The team 's season roster is featured in the video games NBA 2K16 and NBA 2K17 .

neg: 1988 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 1988 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 17 , 1988 , and ended with the championship game on April 4 returning to Kansas City , Missouri for the 10th time . A total of 63 games were played .   Kansas , coached by Larry Brown , won the national title with an 83 -- 79 victory in the final game over Big Eight Conference rival Oklahoma , coached by Billy Tubbs . As of 2017 , this was the last national championship game to feature two schools from the same conference . Danny Manning of Kansas was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . Even though the Final Four was contested only 40 miles from its campus in Lawrence , Kansas , Kansas was considered a long shot against the top rated Sooners because Oklahoma had previously easily defeated the Jayhawks twice that season -- at home in Norman , Oklahoma and on the road in Kansas ' Allen Fieldhouse . Kansas 's upset was the third biggest point-spread upset in Championship Game history . After this upset , the 1988 Kansas team was remembered as `` Danny and the Miracles . ''

neg: 2002 NBA Finals The 2002 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2001 -- 02 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also two-time defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets . The Lakers swept the Nets four games to none to win the franchise 's 14th NBA championship . The 56th edition of the championship series was played between June 5 and June 12 and was broadcast on NBC -- the ( to date ) last NBA games broadcast on the network .   Shaquille O'Neal , who averaged 36 points and 12 rebounds in the Finals , was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring , tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time . During the series , he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156 .   Will Lyman narrated the season-ending documentary for NBA Entertainment .

neg: 1983 NBA Finals The 1983 NBA Finals , also known as Showdown ' 83 , was the championship round of the 1982 -- 83 NBA season . It was the last NBA Championship Series completed before June 1 .

neg: 2001–02 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2001 -- 02 NBA season was the Lakers ' 54th season in the National Basketball Association , and 42nd in the city of Los Angeles . During the offseason , the Lakers signed All-Star guard Mitch Richmond and free agent Samaki Walker , while acquiring Lindsey Hunter from the Milwaukee Bucks . The team got off to a fast start winning 16 of their first 17 games , and finished second in the Pacific Division with a 58 -- 24 record . Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal were both selected for the 2002 NBA All-Star Game in which Bryant won MVP honors , but O'Neal did not participate in the All-Star game due to an injury .   After sweeping the Portland Trail Blazers 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , then defeating the San Antonio Spurs 4 -- 1 in the semifinals , the Lakers where pushed to the brink once more in the Western Conference Finals by their archrivals the Sacramento Kings , who they narrowly defeated in a deciding seventh game . They then went on to win the NBA Finals , defeating and sweeping the New Jersey Nets in four straight games for their second three-peat in franchise history , the first since 1952 -- 54 . Following the season , Richmond retired and Hunter was traded to the Toronto Raptors .   This would be the third and final consecutive NBA Championship the Lakers won in the early 2000s , as in the next season , their quest for a fourth consecutive NBA Championship ended with a playoff elimination by the San Antonio Spurs in six games in the semifinals , who would then go on to win the NBA Finals that season and their second NBA Championship . Although the Lakers returned to the Finals in 2004 , the Lakers would lose to the Detroit Pistons in five games , despite being the heavy favorites to win and having former All-Stars and veterans Gary Payton and Karl Malone , leading to O'Neal 's departure from the Lakers amidst boiling points between the Lakers staff and management and Kobe Bryant , culminating in his trade to the Miami Heat , ending the early 2000s Lakers dynasty . The Lakers would not win another title until 2009 , in which they defeated the Orlando Magic in five games .

neg: 1989–90 New York Knicks season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the 44th season for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association . Before the season , owners Gulf + Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications , renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio .   During the offseason , the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach . The team got off to a solid start , winning 20 of their first 27 games , while posting a nine-game winning streak . At midseason , the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs for Maurice Cheeks . However , as they stood at a 39 -- 22 record , they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games . The Knicks had a 45 -- 37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division . The Knicks ' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the third straight year . Patrick Ewing was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game .   In the first round of the playoffs , New York defeated the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics three games to two , after overcoming an 0 -- 2 deficit . The Knicks were then eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Detroit Pistons , who later on won their second consecutive NBA title , four games to one over the Portland Trail Blazers . Following the season , Johnny Newman signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets .

neg: EuroLeague Final Four The EuroLeague Final Four is the final four format championship of the European-wide top-tier level EuroLeague professional club basketball competition . The Euroleague Basketball Company used the final four format for the first time in 2002 , following the 2001 FIBA SuproLeague Final Four , which was the last final four held by FIBA Europe . In the original FIBA Europe competition , as seen below , the final four was used for the first time at the 1966 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four . The final four format was used again the next year , with the 1967 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four , but was then abandoned .   The final four finally returned as the format of choice , for the first time during its modern era , with the 1988 FIBA European Champions Cup Final Four . It is known as the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague Final Four for name sponsorship reasons . Panathinaikos has been the most successful team at the EuroLeague Final Four , since the modern final four era began in the 1987 -- 88 season .   The EuroLeague Final Four is broadcast on TV in up to 213 countries and territories .

neg: 1983–84 Czechoslovak Extraliga season The 1983 -- 84 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 41st season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga , the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia . 12 teams participated in the league , and Dukla Jihlava won the championship .

neg: Los Angeles Lakers The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships , their last being in 2010 . As of 2015 , the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to Forbes , having an estimated value of $ 2.7 billion .   The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season .   Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense , and won five championships in a 9-year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul-Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three-peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 .   The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul-Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards .