query: John Cusack is an actor.

pos: John Cusack John Paul Cusack ( -LSB- ˈkjuːsæk -RSB- , born June 28 , 1966 ) is an American actor , producer and screenwriter . He made one of his earliest film roles in the mid-1980s , before he starred in Cameron Crowe 's film Say Anything ... ( 1989 ) , for which he gained teen idol status . He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance in High Fidelity ( 2000 ) . Cusack starred in other films , including Grosse Pointe Blank ( 1997 ) , Being John Malkovich ( 1999 ) , 1408 ( 2007 ) , 2012 ( 2009 ) , Hot Tub Time Machine ( 2010 ) and The Raven ( 2012 ) .

neg: Piven Theatre Workshop The Piven Theatre Workshop is located in Evanston , Illinois and was founded by Joyce and Byrne Piven . For over 30 years , it has existed both as a professional theatre company and a training center for children and adults . Famous alumni to come out of the program include Jeremy Piven , John Cusack , Joan Cusack , Ann Cusack , Aidan Quinn , Laurel Holloman , Lili Taylor , and Kate Walsh .

neg: The Shootist The Shootist is a 1976 American western film directed by Don Siegel and starring John Wayne in his final film role . The film is based on a 1975 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout with a screenplay by Miles Hood Swarthout ( the son of the author ) and Scott Hale . The supporting cast includes Lauren Bacall , Ron Howard , James Stewart , Richard Boone , Hugh O'Brian , Harry Morgan , John Carradine , Sheree North , and Scatman Crothers .   In 1977 , The Shootist received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction ( Robert F. Boyle , Arthur Jeph Parker ) , a BAFTA Film Award nomination for Best Actress ( Lauren Bacall ) , and a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor ( Ron Howard ) , as well as the National Board of Review Award as one of the Top Ten Films of 1976 . The movie also received widespread critical acclaim , garnering a 95 % positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes .

neg: Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .

neg: John Orchard John Orchard ( 15 November 1928 -- 3 November 1995 ) was an English actor . He is probably best remembered for playing anaesthetist `` Ugly John '' Black in the earlier episodes of M * A * S * H.

neg: John Castle John Castle ( born 14 January 1940 ) is an English actor . Castle has acted in theatre , film and television . He is known for his role as Agrippa Postumus in the BBC television adaptation of I , Claudius ( 1976 ) and for playing Geoffrey II , Duke of Brittany , in the film The Lion in Winter ( 1968 ) . He also played Dr Carrasco as well as the prisoner called `` The Duke '' in the film Man of La Mancha ( 1972 ) , and the villainous Paul McDagget in RoboCop 3 ( 1993 ) .

neg: Gideon's Day (film) Gideon 's Day ( originally released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard ) is a 1958 police procedural crime film starring Jack Hawkins , Dianne Foster and Cyril Cusack . The film , which was directed by John Ford , was adapted from John Creasey 's novel of the same name .  It was released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard .   Although this is the first film to feature the named character of George Gideon , Jack Hawkins had already played a very similar role in the British film The Long Arm two years earlier .

neg: John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films .   Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed .   Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war .   Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .

neg: John Sumner (actor born 1951) John Sumner ( born 14 October 1951 ) is an English actor .

neg: Mike John Mike John is the pseudonym of an American pornographic movie producer , director , and actor .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Better Off Dead (film) Better Off Dead is a 1985 American teen romantic comedy film starring John Cusack and written and directed by Savage Steve Holland . It tells the story of high school student Lane Myer who is suicidal after his girlfriend breaks up with him shortly before Christmas .

neg: John D Ruddy John D Ruddy is an Irish actor and artist .

neg: John Zaritsky John Zaritsky ( born 1943 ) is a Canadian documentarian film maker . He was the recipient of an Academy Award in 1982 for his documentary Just Another Missing Kid . He also won a Cable Ace Award in 1987 for Rapists : Can They be Stopped , a Golden Gavel Award from the American Bar Association for My Husband is Going to Kill Me , a Robert F. Kennedy Foundation Award for `` Born in Africa '' , and an DuPont-Columbia Award in 1994 for Romeo and Juliet in Sarajevo .   Born in St. Catharines , Ontario , and a graduate of Denis Morris Catholic High School in 1961 , he studied at the University of Toronto . Prior to entering film , Zaritsky worked as a newspaper reporter for seven years . In 1970 , he received a Ford Foundation Fellowship to study at the Washington Journalism Center . In 1972 , he won a National Newspaper Award for his investigative reporting at the Globe and Mail newspaper .   His films have won awards at the New York Film Festival , the American Film Festival , Banff Television Festival , Houston International Film Festival , Columbus Ohio Film Festival , and the John Muir Medical Film Festival . Three films , `` Broken Promises '' , `` Born in Africa '' , and `` Romeo and Juliet in Sarajevo '' were nominated for Emmy Awards . In addition , Zaritsky has won six Geminis , Canada 's national television award . In 1995-96 , he was an artist-in-residence at the graduate school of journalism , University of California at Berkeley .   He also directed and produced the documentary Right to Die ? , which documented the assisted suicide of Craig Ewert by the group Dignitas . The film also features a discussion of the case of Betty and George Coumbias , a Canadian couple seeking legal approval for their suicide pact .   Right to Die ? attracted extraordinary publicity in Britain when it aired in December 2008 . According to the Associated Press , `` The documentary ... has been shown on Canadian and Swiss TV and at numerous film festivals , where it provoked little controversy . But it struck a raw nerve in Britain , where the divisive debate over assisted suicide remains unresolved . ''   His most recent project , Do You Really Want To Know ? ( 2012 ) recounts the stories of three families who carry the gene for Huntington 's Disease , a fatal neurodegenerative illness that attacks in mid-life . Members of each featured family have undergone predictive testing to learn whether or not they have inherited the gene that causes the disease , and thus learn whether or not they will die from it .   Do You Really Want To Know ? received two Golden Sheaf Awards at the 2012 Yorkton Film Festival : Best Documentary ( Science/Medicine/Technology ) , and Best Director ( Non-Fiction ) ; a Chris Award at the 2012 Columbus International Film & Video Festival for Best Documentary in the Science + Technology division , and the Best Documentary award at the 2012 Okanagan International Film Festival . Its broadcast premiere took place on November 13 , 2012 on Knowledge Network and viewers in British Columbia , Canada can watch the full film on Knowledge Network 's website .

neg: Cul-de-sac (1966 film) Cul-de-sac is a 1966 British psychological comic thriller directed by the Polish director Roman Polanski . It was his second film in English , written by Polanski and Gérard Brach .   The cast includes Donald Pleasence , Françoise Dorléac , Lionel Stander , Jack MacGowran , Iain Quarrier , Geoffrey Sumner , Renée Houston , William Franklyn , Trevor Delaney , Marie Kean . It also features Jacqueline Bisset ( credited as Jackie Bisset ) in a small role , in her second film appearance . The black and white cinematography is by Gil Taylor .

neg: Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager .   Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .

neg: John Cullum John Cullum ( born March 2 , 1930 ) is an American actor and singer . He has appeared in many stage musicals and dramas , including On the Twentieth Century ( 1978 ) and Shenandoah ( 1975 ) , winning the Tony Awards for Best Leading Actor in a Musical for each . He earned his first Tony nomination as lead actor in a musical in 1966 for On a Clear Day You Can See Forever in which he introduced the title song , and more recently received Tony nominations for Urinetown The Musical ( 2002 ) ( best actor in a musical ) and as best featured actor in a musical the revival of 110 in the Shade ( 2007 ) .   He portrayed tavern owner Holling Vincoeur on the television drama series Northern Exposure ( 6 seasons ) , earning an Emmy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor in a Drama . He was featured in fifteen episodes of the NBC television series ER as Mark Greene 's father . He was the farmer in the landmark television drama The Day After . He has made multiple guest appearances on Law & Order and Law & Order : Special Victims Unit as attorney , now judge , Barry Moredock , and appeared as Big Mike in several episodes of The Middle .

neg: John Michael King John Michael King ( May 13 , 1926 -- August 17 , 2008 ) was an American actor most often associated with his roles in musical theatre .

neg: Woolsack The Woolsack is the seat of the Lord Speaker in the House of Lords , the Upper House of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . In the 14th century King Edward III ( 1327 -- 1377 ) commanded that his Lord Chancellor whilst in council should sit on a wool bale , now known as `` The Woolsack '' , in order to symbolise the central nature and huge importance of the wool trade to the economy of England in the Middle Ages . Indeed , it was largely to protect the vital English wool trade routes with continental Europe that the Battle of Crécy was fought with the French in 1346 . From the Middle Ages until 2006 , the presiding officer in the House of Lords was the Lord Chancellor and the Woolsack was usually mentioned in association with the office of Lord Chancellor . In July 2006 , the function of Lord Speaker was split from that of Lord Chancellor pursuant to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 .   The Woolsack is a large , wool-stuffed cushion or seat covered with red cloth ; it has neither a back nor arms , though in the centre of the Woolsack there is a back-rest . The Lords ' Mace is placed on the rear part of the Woolsack .   In 1938 , it was discovered that the Woolsack was , in fact , stuffed with horsehair . When the Woolsack was remade it was re-stuffed with wool from all over the Commonwealth as a symbol of unity .   The Lord Speaker may speak from the Woolsack when speaking in his or her capacity as Speaker of the House , but must , if he or she seeks to debate , deliver his or her remarks either from the left side of the Woolsack , or from the normal seats of the Lords .   If a Deputy Speaker presides in the absence of the Lord Speaker , then that individual uses the Woolsack . However , when the House meets in the `` Committee of the Whole '' , the Woolsack remains unoccupied , and the presiding officer , the Chairman or Deputy Chairman , occupies a Chair at the front of the table of the House .   In front of the Woolsack is an even larger cushion known as the Judges ' Woolsack . During the State Opening of Parliament , the Judges ' Woolsack was historically occupied by the Law Lords . Now the Attorney General , the Solicitor General , the Lord Chief Justice , the Master of the Rolls , the President of the Family Division , the Vice-Chancellor , Justices of the Supreme Court , the Lords Justices of Appeal and the Justices of the High Court only attend Parliament for the State Opening .   In June 2016 Norman , Lord Fowler , was elected Speaker and he took his seat in September . The Lord Speaker 's duties as listed on the Parliamentry website include   residing over business in the Lords chamber from the Woolsack  chairing the House of Lords Commission , which provides high-level strategic and political direction for the House of Lords Administration on behalf of the House  taking formal responsibility for security in the Lords area of the parliamentary estate  coordinating an outreach programme to engage the public in the work and role of the Lords , central to which is the Peers in Schools programme  attending and speaking at state and ceremonial occasions on behalf of the Lords  representing the Lords to overseas parliaments , attending conferences with speakers of other parliaments , sharing best practice and developing links between parliaments

neg: Ransack (Transformers) Ransack is the name of several fictional characters from the Transformers series . Ransack was first created in 1985 as one of the Insecticons . Since then the name was used for a variety of other Transformers characters .

neg: Thomas Cusack (bishop) Thomas Francis Cusack ( February 22 , 1862 -- July 12 , 1918 ) was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church . He served as Bishop of Albany from 1915 until his death in 1918 .


query: The Pennsylvania Chronicle was a South African colonial newspaper.

pos: Pennsylvania Chronicle The Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal Advertiser was an American colonial newspaper founded in 1767 that was published in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , prior to the American Revolution and was founded by William Goddard and his business partners Joseph Galloway and Thomas Wharton . Benjamin Franklin , an associate of Galloway , was also a partner with the Chronicle .   The newspaper was established to challenge the power of the Penn family and ultimately the Crown authorities who at that time were placing laws and taxes on the colonists without fair representation in the British Parliament .   The Chronicle was published once a week on a Monday , the first issue being released on January 6 , 1767 , and was printed from a new Bourgeois type set by Goddard 's printing company in Philadelphia , The New Printing Office , on Market-Street , near the Post-Office . The annual subscription rate was ten shillings . The publication maintained operations from January 6 , 1767 , until February 8 , 1774 .   In 1768 William 's sister , Mary Katherine Goddard who later became famous for being the first woman to be a postmaster in Maryland , later joined and managed her brother 's printing office in Philadelphia .   By 1770 the Pennsylvania Chronicle had a circulation of about twenty-five hundred , making it one of the most successful colonial newspapers .   In the middle of the 18th century most of the printing presses that were in use in the American colonies were imported from England . Isaac Doolittle , a New-Haven watch and clock-maker , built the mahogany printing press for Goddard 's Pennsylvania Chronicle in Philadelphia . It was the first printing press built in the American colonies .   Goddard 's newspaper was not without its competition . A rival Philadelphia printer , William Bradford III , founder of The Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser in 1742 conducted a newspaper war against Goddard that digressed into personal attacks .   During this time Galloway and Wharton had sold their shares of the Chronicle to a Robert Towne , who in turn made many attempts to persuade Goddard to sell his newspaper to him . After Goddard publicly criticized Galloway and Wharton he subsequently found himself jailed for debt in September 1771 , no doubt at the prompting of the influential Galloway .

neg: Samuel Keimer Samuel Keimer ( 1689 -- 1742 ) was an English printer and emigrant . He was the original founder of the Pennsylvania Gazette . On October 2 , 1729 , Benjamin Franklin bought this newspaper .

neg: Pittsburgh Tribune-Review The Pittsburgh Tribune-Review , also known as `` the Trib , '' was the second largest daily printed newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , in the United States until it transitioned to an all digital format on December 1 , 2016 . Founded on August 22 , 1811 as the Greensburg Gazette and in 1889 consolidated with several papers into the Greensburg Tribune-Review , the paper circulated only in the eastern suburban counties of Westmoreland and parts of Indiana and Fayette until May 1992 , when it began serving all of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area after a strike at the two Pittsburgh dailies , the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and Pittsburgh Press , deprived the city of a newspaper for several months .   The Tribune-Review Publishing Company was owned by Richard Mellon Scaife , an heir to the Mellon banking , oil , and aluminum fortune , until his death in July 2014 . Scaife was a major funder of conservative organizations , including the Arkansas Project . Accordingly , the Tribune-Review has maintained a conservative editorial stance , contrasting with the more liberal Post-Gazette . In addition to its flagship paper , the company publishes 17 weekly community newspapers , the Pittsburgh Pennysaver , as well as TribLive.com and TribTotalMedia.com .

neg: The Augusta Chronicle The Augusta Chronicle is the daily newspaper of Augusta , Georgia , and is one of the oldest newspapers in the United States still in publication . The paper is known for its coverage of the Masters Tournament , which is played in Augusta . The Chronicle had a daily circulation of 55,444 and a Sunday circulation of 71,057 according to a March 2012 report by the Audit Bureau of Circulations .

neg: History of the Jews in Pennsylvania The history of the Jews in Pennsylvania dates back to Colonial America .

neg: Colony of Natal The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa . It was proclaimed a British colony on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia , and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa , as one of its provinces . It is now the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa .   It was originally only about half the size of the present province , with the north-eastern boundaries being formed by the Tugela and Buffalo rivers beyond which lay the independent Kingdom of Zululand ( KwaZulu in Zulu ) .   Fierce conflict with the Zulu population led to the evacuation of Durban , and eventually the Boers accepted British annexation in 1844 under military pressure . A British governor was appointed to the region and many settlers emigrated from Europe and the Cape Colony . The British established a sugar cane industry in the 1860s . Farm owners had a difficult time attracting Zulu labourers to work on their plantations , so the British brought thousands of indentured labourers from India . As a result of the importation of Indian labourers , Durban became the home to the largest concentration of Indians outside of India .

neg: Historical Society of Pennsylvania The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a historical society founded in 1824 and based in Philadelphia . The Society 's building , designed by Addison Hutton and listed on Philadelphia 's Register of Historical Places , houses some 600,000 printed items and over 19 million manuscript and graphic items . The Society maintains printed collections on Pennsylvania and regional history and manuscript collections covering 17th - , 18th - , and 19th-century history . The holdings of the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies were added in 2002 and those of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania in 2006 . The Historical Society has recently undertaken efforts to appeal to a younger demographic , including having open bar events .

neg: Laurel Summit State Park Laurel Summit State Park is a 6 acre Pennsylvania state park in Cook Township , Westmoreland County , Pennsylvania in the United States . It is also a picnic area with a scenic view of Linn Run on the summit of Laurel Mountain . The temperatures at Laurel Summit State Park are generally several degrees cooler than the surrounding towns in the valleys . The elevation of the park is 2739 ft above sea level .   The area in and surrounding Laurel Summit State Park is now a thriving second growth forest . One hundred years ago it was generally described as a `` waste land '' . The ridges of the Laurel Mountain had once been covered with old-growth forest . These forests were clear cut during the lumber era that swept over most of the mountains and forests of Pennsylvania during the mid-to-late 19th century and very early 20th century . The lumberman stripped the mountains . They took the logs to the sawmill where they were cut into lumber . Smaller logs were used to reinforce the mine shafts of the many coal mines throughout southwestern Pennsylvania and West Virginia . The bark of the hemlock tree was used as a source of tannin at the tanneries of the area . The only thing the lumbermen left behind was the treetops . These tree tops were left to dry . The passing steam locomotives of the Pittsburgh , Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad would ignite this dry brush causing massive wildfires that swept through the mountains and valleys . In 1909 , after the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania had purchased the land from the lumberman , Forester John R. Williams reported , `` I should say that fully three-fifths ( 60 % ) of the reserve had been burned since the lumbering was done . The fires did great damage to the young growth . Some places were covered with nothing but ferns and blackberry bushes . '' Scars from these fires can still be seen today in the Laurel Summit vicinity .   Most of the wildlife in the area was devastated due to the destruction of their habitat or over hunting . White-tailed deer were imported from Michigan and New York to reestablish what had once been a thriving population of deer . These deer were released throughout Pennsylvania . The current population of deer in Pennsylvania are descended from the original stock that was introduced in 1910 after the lumberman had moved out of the area .

neg: Newspapers in the United States Newspapers in the United States have been published since the 18th century and are an integral part of the culture of the United States . Although a few newspapers including the New York Times , USA Today , and the Wall Street Journal are sold throughout the United States , most U.S. newspapers are published for city or regional markets . The New York Times is often referred to as the United States ' `` newspaper of record '' .

neg: Portland Observer (Oregon) The Portland Observer is one of the oldest African-American newspapers in the U.S. state of Oregon . Established in 1970 , it is published weekly ( on Wednesdays ) , in Portland , Oregon .   Rev. Alfred L. Henderson founded the paper in the 1970s , in the tradition of the People 's Observer , a 1940s publication that had ceased publication in 1950 . ( That paper also originally went by the name of `` Portland Observer . '' ) Joyce Washington was the publisher from the mid-1980s until her death in 1996 . Her son Charles Washington , a Portland native and a graduate of Jefferson High School , then took over as publisher , and he died in December 2012 . Portland politician , radio host , restauranteur , and veteran Bruce Broussard has held a leadership position at the paper .

neg: Asian South Africans The majority of Asian South Africans are of Indian origin , most of whom are descended from indentured workers transported to work in the 19th century on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area , then known as Natal . They are largely English speaking , although many also retain the languages of their ancestors . There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans ( approximately 300,000 individuals ) , of whom the great majority are recent immigrants of the last two decades .   In total the 1.2 million Asians in South Africa represent about two percent of the nation 's population . Most are of Indian or South Asian origin , although there is also a rapidly increasing number of people of Chinese , who were sometimes classified as Coloured ( mixed race ) , `` Other '' , or at least partially as `` White '' under Apartheid ) . Traditionally , the group does not include the `` Cape Malays '' , who were descended ( at least in part ) from South East Asians , who were classified as `` Coloured '' under apartheid .   The term Indian is far more commonly used than Asian in South Africa , although examples of both usages can be found .

neg: The Chronicle (Duke University) The Chronicle is a daily student newspaper at Duke University in Durham , North Carolina . It was first published as The Trinity Chronicle on December 19 , 1905 . Its name was changed to The Chronicle when Trinity College was renamed Duke University following a donation by James Buchanan Duke .   One of the most highly honored college newspapers in the United States , The Chronicle commands a budget of more than $ 1 million and employs a staff of 120 . Its coverage gained national significance in light of the 2006 Duke lacrosse team scandal .   The Chronicle has a print readership of roughly 30,000 , and its website , The Chronicle Online , has an average of more than 70,000 hits each day .   In June 2013 , The Chronicle announced it was cutting one day of print heading into the 2013-14 academic year , the paper 's 109th volume . The paper 's editors and board members emphasized the change was part of a commitment to a digital-first strategy , not the product of financial pressures . During the academic year , The Chronicle has printed Monday through Thursday since August 2013 .   At the 2009 Associated Collegiate Press National College Media Convention in Austin , Texas , the paper won the Best in Show category for four-year daily tabloids . In 2007 , The Chronicle took home four awards from the ACP , including Online Story of the Year for its ongoing coverage of the Duke lacrosse scandal . In 2006 , the paper took second place in the Best in Show category in St. Louis , Missouri . Towerview , a monthly newsmagazine distributed with the paper , won Best in Show in the Magazine Feature-Special Audience Category , while its editor , Alex Fanaroff , won first place in the `` features story '' category . The Chronicles former editor , Ryan McCartney , placed third in the four-year reporter of the year category . The paper also won Best in Show in the tabloid division in 2005 in Kansas City , Missouri and finished in second place in Editorials that year . In addition , Towerview took home fifth-place honors in the magazine division . In October 2015 , The Chronicle was again honored by the Associated College Press , taking home its first Online Pacemaker Award , sharing honors with The Daily Orange and The Stanford Daily .   Journalist and New York magazine founder Clay Felker was an editor of The Chronicle while a student at Duke in the 1950s . Washington Post sports reporter John Feinstein was a sports writer for The Chronicle and was its sports editor for two years . Wall Street Journal travel editor Scott McCartney was editor of The Chronicle in the 1980s . Recent former Chronicle writers have gone on to work for The Wall Street Journal , Bloomberg News , The Atlantic , PolitiFact , The Raleigh News and Observer and The Providence Journal , among other publications .   Most recently , The Chronicle added an addition , The Dirt . The Dirt bridges the gap between your daily newspaper and your favorite blogs . Offering a dynamic take on a traditional newsletter , The Dirt highlights what 's trending on and around Duke University 's campus . It was created February 12 , 2015 by the The Chronicle Business and Advertising office and the marketing team . It is targeted to offer Duke students a rendition of the Chronicle straight to their email . With a writing style and attitude students can relate to , the brief email exploits food advice , guides , events , and the latest news of all things Duke . The Dirt recently surpassed 1200 subscribers . You can sign up for The Dirt at thebluedirt.com .

neg: Novascotian The Novascotian was a newspaper published in Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada . It became one of the most influential voices in the British North American colonies in its nearly one century of existence .   The paper was founded as the Nova Scotian or Colonial Herald by George R. Young , in 1824 . Joseph Howe took control of it in 1827 , establishing the paper 's motto : `` The free constitution which guards the British press . '' Published as a weekly , the paper played a key role in the intellectual and political life of Nova Scotia . A letter published in the Novascotian in 1835 led to charges of libel against Howe . When acquitted , he proclaimed : `` the Press of Nova Scotia is free . ''   With a circulation of 3000 subscribers , the Novascotian became the leading provincial newspaper in the 1840s . A well-known contributor was Thomas Chandler Haliburton , creator of the immensely popular character Sam Slick . Howe 's entry into politics necessitated selling the paper . Nevertheless , the Novascotian remained a liberal voice in the province until the First World War , reaching a peak circulation of 20,000 . Later it was published as the Nova Scotian and then Nova Scotia 's Farm and Home Journal . It was discontinued in the 1920s after years of dwindling circulation following a change of its political allegiances to the Union Government .   The name Novascotian is still in use . It is now printed as a human interest section of The Chronicle-Herald newspaper of Halifax .

neg: Zimbabwean jazz Zimbabwean Jazz , also known as Afro Jazz was developed in the 20th century . Its history can be traced from its early colonial era .   It was influenced by a style of township rhythm that evolved in a southern part of Africa over the last century . One can also trace similarities from Kwela , a pennywhistle-based , street music from the southern part of Africa with jazzy underpinnings and a distinctive , skiffle-like beat . Kwela music was influenced by blending the music of Malawian immigrants to South Africa , together with the local South African sounds . In Chichewa , the word Kwela has a very similar meaning to the South African meaning : `` to climb '' . The music was popularised in South Africa and then brought to Malawi , where contemporary Malawian artists have also begun producing Kwela music .   It is also closely related to Marabi which was the name given to a keyboard style ( often using cheap pedal organs ) that had a musical link to American jazz , ragtime and blues , with roots deep in the African tradition .  Early Marabi musicians were part of an underground musical culture and were typically not recorded . An example of such an artist in the early 1940s is August Musarurwa of the Skokiaan fame . It has continued to develop and you can even see traits of this music in his grandson Prince Kudakwashe Musarurwa .   This music was often played in townships ( segregated parts of suburban areas ) . During colonial years of Rhodesia , the term township referred to a residential area reserved for black citizens within the boundaries of a city or town , and is still commonly used colloquially . But In modern Zimbabwe it is also used to refer to a residential area within close proximity of a rural growth point . These townships you would find `` Shebeens '' . Shebeens are most often located in townships as an alternative to pubs and bars . In the colonial error indigenous Africans were barred from entering pubs or bars reserved for those of European descent .   Originally shebeens were operated illegally by women who were called Shebeen Queens and was itself a revival of the African tradition that assigned the role of alcohol brewing to women . The Shebeen Queens would sell home brewed and home-distilled alcohol and provided patrons with a place to meet and discuss political and social issues . Often , patrons and owners were arrested by the police , though the shebeens were frequently reopened because of their importance in unifying the community and providing a safe place for discussion . During the colonial error era shebeens became a crucial meeting place for activists , some attracting working class activists and community members , while others attracted lawyers , doctors and musicians .   Shebeens also provided music and dancing , allowing patrons to express themselves culturally , which helped give rise to and support for the musical genre called Township Jazz which we now call Afro Jazz or Zimbabwean Jazz .

neg: The Daily News (UK) The Daily News was a national daily newspaper in the United Kingdom .   The News was founded in 1846 by Charles Dickens , who also served as the newspaper 's first editor . It was conceived as a radical rival to the right-wing Morning Chronicle . The paper was not at first a commercial success . Dickens edited 17 issues before handing over the editorship to his friend John Forster , who had more experience in journalism than Dickens . Forster ran the paper until 1870 . Charles Mackay , Harriet Martineau , George Bernard Shaw , H. G. Wells , G. K. Chesterton and Ferdinando Petruccelli della Gattina were among the leading reformist writers who wrote for the paper during its heyday . In 1870 , the News absorbed the Morning Star . In 1876 , Daily News and its correspondent Edwin Pears , and later Januarius MacGahan , sounded the first alarm respecting the Turkish atrocities in Bulgaria .   In 1901 , Quaker chocolate manufacturer George Cadbury bought the Daily News and used the paper to campaign for old age pensions and against sweatshop labour . As a pacifist , Cadbury opposed the Boer War -- and the Daily News followed his line .   In 1906 , the News sponsored an exhibition on sweated labour at the Queen 's Hall . This exhibition was credited with strengthening the women 's suffrage movement . In 1909 , H. N. Brailsford and H. W. Nevinson resigned from the paper when it refused to condemn the force feeding of suffragettes .   In 1912 , the News merged with the Morning Leader , and was for a time known as the Daily News and Leader . In 1928 , it merged with The Westminster Gazette , and in 1930 , with the Daily Chronicle to form the centre-left News Chronicle .   The chairman from 1911 to 1930 was Edward Cadbury , eldest son of George Cadbury .

neg: White settlement in Zimbabwe before 1923 White people first came to the region in southern Africa today called Zimbabwe in the 16th century , when Portuguese colonials ventured inland from Mozambique and attacked the Kingdom of Mutapa , which then controlled an area roughly equivalent to eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique . Portuguese influence over Mutapa endured for about two centuries before fading away during the 1690s and early 1700s ( decade ) .   During the 1880s and 1890s , the British South Africa Company initiated colonisation by whites , backed by a royal charter from Britain 's Queen Victoria : company rule over the country began in 1890 , when the Pioneer Column marched to Mashonaland , founded Fort Salisbury and settled in the area .   The company domain was named `` Rhodesia '' after its founder , Cecil Rhodes , in 1895 ; the portion south of the Zambezi became officially called Southern Rhodesia in 1898 . Concurrently with the expiry of the company 's charter in 1923 , Southern Rhodesia was granted responsible government by Britain , and became a self-governing colony .

neg: Mineral Revolution The Mineral Revolution is a term used by historians to refer to the rapid industrialisation and economic changes which occurred in South Africa from the 1870s onwards . The Mineral Revolution was largely driven by the need to create a permanent workforce to work in the mining industry , and saw South Africa transformed from a patchwork of agrarian states to a unified , industrial nation . In political terms , the Mineral Revolution had a significant impact on diplomacy and military affairs . Finally , the policies and events of the Mineral Revolution had an increasingly negative impact on race relations in South Africa , and formed the basis of the apartheid system , which dominated South African society for a century .

neg: Southeastern Pennsylvania Synod The Southeastern Pennsylvania Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America is the regional ELCA judicatory of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The synod covers Bucks , Chester , Delaware , and Montgomery counties as well as the City of Philadelphia .   The synod , consisting of rostered leaders ( pastors , associates in ministry , deaconesses , and diaconal ministers ) and approximately 172 congregations and missions , is located in an area rich in German and Swedish history , with the latter bringing Lutheranism ( as missions of the Church of Sweden ) in the 1640s before the subsequent takeover of Tinicum ( present-day Chester ) by the British and the formation of the Province of Pennsylvania under the Quaker William Penn , who invited scores of people , mostly British Quakers and German Lutherans and Anabaptists ( Amish and Mennonite ) , to settle the land . Its predecessor body , the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and Adjacent States , the oldest Lutheran synod in America , was organized in 1748 at Philadelphia by the Lutheran patriarch , Pastor Henry Melchior Muhlenberg of Trappe , Pennsylvania . The synod is also the home of Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia ( LTSP ) , under which the ELCA maintains the main office of the seventh region , which oversees the ELCA 's New England , Upstate and Metropolitan New York Synods , the Slovak Zion Synod , New Jersey Synod , and two of the ELCA synods in Pennsylvania .   The highest legislative authority of the synod is the Synod Assembly , which meets annually . The Synod Council is the board of directors of the synod and is its interim legislative authority between meetings of the Synod Assembly . The Synod Council normally meets five times every year and consists of 29 members . The Bishop is elected by the Synod Assembly and may serve an unlimited number of six-year terms . The other synod officers are the Vice President ( who must be a layperson ) , Secretary , and Treasurer ( either a layperson or a rostered pastor ) , all of whom may serve an unlimited number of four-year terms .   The synod 's current office is located on the grounds of LTSP , having been moved from its previous office in Norristown , Pennsylvania in 2008 . Since the Called to Common Mission with the Episcopal Church , it has been in ecumenical partnership with the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania , allowing the synod and the diocese to share both pastors and staff . Symbolically , the synod gave the diocese a baptismal font with the consecration of the new Philadelphia Episcopal Cathedral located in Philadelphia 's `` University City '' section ( near the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University ) . In 2006 , the Rev. Claire Schenot Burkat , a Lutheran pastor who had been both on the synod 's and diocese 's `` deployed staff , '' in support of the formation of new congregations , was elected as the synod 's fourth bishop , and the first woman to hold the title . She was formally installed on October 14 , 2006 . Her co-consecrators included ELCA Presiding Bishop Mark S. Hanson and the Rt. . Rev. Samuel Colerman , former Episcopal bishop of Connecticut and former assistant bishop of Pennsylvania under the Rt. . Rev. Charles Bennison .   Geographically , the synod shares the same five-county area as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia and the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania . The Eastern Pennsylvania Conference of the United Methodist Church , part of the larger Philadelphia Episcopal Area ( which includes the Peninsula Delaware Conference ) , is also located within the geographic boundaries of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Synod , but also includes territory located within the ELCA 's Northeastern Pennsylvania Synod , mostly the Lehigh Valley and Pocono Mountains regions .

neg: Karl Wilhelm Posselt Karl/Carl Wilhelm Posselt ( 20 June 1815 Diekow , Berlinchen , Neumark , Prussia -- 12 May 1885 Christianenburg , Natal ,  South Africa ) , was a German missionary from the Berlin Missionary Society and was active in South Africa where he became known as `` the missionary with the violin '' .   Posselt initially trained as a teacher at Neuzelle , but became inspired by mission work during his training and attended a seminary in Berlin from  1834-39 . On 21 December 1839 he disembarked at Table Bay after a voyage from Hamburg on the Devonshire . He arrived as a member of  the Berlin Missionary Society and in the company of fellow missionaries Ludwig Liefeldt and Johannes Winter .   Posselt served his apprenticeship under Carl Friedrich Schultheiss ( 1815-1855 ) at the Itemba mission station on the Kubusie River near  Stutterheim in Kaffraria . Here he also learnt the rudiments of the Xhosa language . Itemba was razed during the  Frontier War of 1846-47 , rebuilt and redestroyed in  1850 . Posselt and Liefeldt started a new mission station Emmaus , which was renamed Wartburg , on the Indwe  River , only to have that sacked as well . Posselt then started work among the Zulu people living below the Drakensberg in Natal and near the modern-day Bergville . With Wilhelm Guldenpfennig he founded a new station there , again named Emmaus , and existing to this day . In 1856 when hostilities again broke out , Posselt fled to Pietermaritzburg . There he served the community of Neu-Deutschland which had been founded in 1848 with the arrival of 182 German settlers from Bremen , and whose main activity was growing cotton . Then it was located just outside Port Natal , but today forms part of Westville in Durban . The settlers had been recruited from Bramsche near Osnabrück by a director of the `` Natal Cotton Company '' , Jonas Bergtheil in order to cultivate cotton . The cotton-growing project soon failed and the colonists started growing vegetables to supply the demand in Port Natal . Some of the Germans moved inland and started the settlement of Neu-Hanover or New Hanover near Pietermaritzburg .   Posselt returned to Emmaus when the community of Neu-Deutschland seemed to be on the point of dissolving , but went back when the rifts were healed . In 1858 he settled at the mission station he had founded in 1854 and named Christianenburg after his first wife , situated close to Neu-Deutschland and forming part of present-day Clermont Township .

neg: Liberia Herald The Liberia Herald , founded in 1826 is the first newspaper ever published in Liberia which at the time was a colony . It was founded by Charles Force who died shortly after the first issue was published .   In March 1827 Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurm founded Freedom 's Journal , the first African - American newspaper in New York , as co-editors . In 1829 Russwurm resigned and emigrated to Liberia under the auspices of the American Colonization Society , there founding the Liberia Herald . From 1830 to 1834 , the chief editor of the Liberia Herald was a Jamaican-born mulatto educated in Canada , John Brown Russwurm . He resigned in early 1835 .   The Liberian National Museum in Monrovia is in possession of some of the earliest editorials of The Herald .

neg: Pittsburgh Commercial The Pittsburgh Commercial was a morning daily newspaper published from 7 September 1863 to 14 February 1877 in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . It was outspokenly Republican in its political commentary . The succession of chief editors included Thomas J. Bigham , Charles D. Brigham , and Russell Errett ; poet Richard Realf was an assistant editor . The owners of the competing Pittsburgh Gazette eventually purchased the Commercial and consolidated the two papers as the Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette .


query: The Americans premiered in January 2013.

pos: The Americans (2013 TV series) The Americans is an American television period drama series created and produced by former CIA officer Joe Weisberg . The series premiered in the United States on January 30 , 2013 on the cable network FX .   Set in the early 1980s during the Cold War , The Americans is the story of Elizabeth ( Keri Russell ) and Philip Jennings ( Matthew Rhys ) , two Soviet KGB officers posing as an American married couple living in the northern Virginia suburbs of Washington , D.C. , with their children Paige ( Holly Taylor ) and Henry ( Keidrich Sellati ) and their neighbor Stan Beeman ( Noah Emmerich ) , an FBI agent working in counterintelligence .   On May 25 , 2016 , FX set an end-date for the series by renewing it for a fifth and sixth season . The 10-episode sixth and final season is slated to air in 2018 .

neg: Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life .   The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy .   Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .

neg: List of American Experience episodes American Experience , originally titled The American Experience , is an American television program and a PBS documentary series created by Peter McGhee . The series airs documentaries about historic events or historical figures that had an impact upon the United States government or its citizens . The show is produced primarily by WGBH-TV , a television station and PBS member located in Boston , Massachusetts . WGBH-TV creates non-commercial educational programs and distributes them on public television stations throughout the United States . However , other PBS affiliate stations , such as WNET in New York City , have co-produced episodes for the television series . Since the programs debut on October 4 , 1988 , American Experience has broadcast 326 episodes and has been a recipient of over 265 broadcast and web awards . The program 's twenty-ninth season premiered on January 10 , 2017 .

neg: Rich Kids of Beverly Hills Rich Kids of Beverly Hills ( stylized as #RichKids of Beverly Hills ) is an American reality television series that premiered on E! , on January 19 , 2014 . The series focuses on the lives of a group of twenty-something millionaires and billionaires ( by inheritance ) showcasing their lives .

neg: The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California .   The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .

neg: The Men Who Built America The Men Who Built America ( also known as The Innovators : The Men Who Built America in some international markets ) is a six-hour , four-part miniseries docudrama which was originally broadcast on the History Channel in the Fall of 2012 , and on the History Channel UK in Spring of 2013 . The series focuses on the lives of Cornelius Vanderbilt , John D. Rockefeller , Andrew Carnegie , J. P. Morgan and Henry Ford and how their industrial innovations and business empires revolutionized modern society . The series is directed by Patrick Reams and Ruán Magan and is narrated by Campbell Scott . It averaged 2.6 million total viewers ( 1.2 million adults 25 -- 54 and 1 million adults 18 -- 49 ) across 4 nights .

neg: Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 .   The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 .   The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton .   It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .

neg: Emma Greenwell Emma Greenwell ( born January 14 , 1989 ) is an American actress who was born in the United States but was raised in London from a very young age .

neg: A Snow Globe Christmas A Snow Globe Christmas is a 2013 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film starring Alicia Witt , Donald Faison and Christina Milian . The film premiered on Lifetime Movie Network on December 14 , 2013 .

neg: Cesar Millan's Leader of the Pack Cesar Millan 's Leader of the Pack is an American documentary television series on the Nat Geo Wild . The series premiered on January 5 , 2013 .

neg: American Gods (TV series) American Gods is an American television series based on the novel of the same name , written by Neil Gaiman and originally published in 2001 . The television series was developed by Bryan Fuller and Michael Green for the premium cable network Starz . Fuller and Green are the showrunners for the series . Gaiman serves as an executive producer along with Fuller , Green , Craig Cegielski , Stefanie Berk , and Thom Beers . The first episode premiered on the Starz network and through their streaming application on April 30 , 2017 . In May 2017 , the series was renewed for a second season .

neg: The Goldbergs (2013 TV series) The Goldbergs is an American sitcom that premiered on Tuesday , September 24 , 2013 on ABC . The series was created by Adam F. Goldberg and stars Wendi McLendon-Covey , Jeff Garlin , Sean Giambrone , Troy Gentile , Hayley Orrantia and George Segal . The show is produced by Goldberg , Seth Gordon , and Doug Robinson . It is based on Goldberg 's childhood and family in the 1980s , complete with a childhood version of himself . The fourth season premiered on September 21 , 2016 . In May 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a fifth and sixth season .

neg: When Jews Were Funny When Jews Were Funny is a 2013 documentary film by Canadian director Alan Zweig , which explores the role of Jewish comedians in the history of North American comedy and humour from the Borscht Belt to the present day .   The film features interviews with and/or performance clips of a wide variety of Jewish comedy performers and writers of the 20th and 21st centuries , including Howie Mandel , Gilbert Gottfried , Rodney Dangerfield , Eugene Mirman , Marc Maron , Bob Einstein , Andy Kindler , Shelley Berman , Alan King , Judy Gold , Elon Gold , David Steinberg , Jackie Mason , Jack Carter , Norm Crosby , Henny Youngman , David Brenner , Shecky Greene , Mark Breslin , Cory Kahaney , Harrison Greenbaum , Simon Rakoff , Lisa Lambert , Larry Josephson and Michael Wex .   The film premiered on September 10 , 2013 at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . It subsequently won the festival award for the year 's best Canadian feature film .

neg: 2013 in American television The following is a list of events affecting American television in 2013 . Events listed include television show debuts , finales , and cancellations ; channel launches , closures , and rebrandings ; stations changing or adding their network affiliations ; and information about changes of ownership of channels or stations , controversies and carriage disputes .

neg: Mary and Martha (film) Mary and Martha is a 2013 British-American television film starring Hilary Swank and Brenda Blethyn , and directed by Phillip Noyce . Based on a screenplay by Richard Curtis , it was produced by Working Title Television , in association with the BBC and NBCUniversal . The film had its UK premiere on March 1 , 2013 on the BBC and premiered in the US on HBO on April 20 , 2013 . based on a true story .

neg: American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption .   Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity .   Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script .   Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .

neg: Monsters and Mysteries in America Monsters and Mysteries in America is an American documentary television series that premiered March 24 , 2013 , on Destination America . Repeats air on the network 's sister-station , the Discovery Channel . It also sometimes airs on Animal Planet , particularly during one of their `` Monster weeks '' . In the United Kingdom , the series airs on the Sky-owned television channel Pick as Monsters and Mysteries .

neg: Amerika (miniseries) Amerika is an American television miniseries that was broadcast in 1987 on ABC . The miniseries inspired a novelization entitled Amerika : The Triumph of the American Spirit . Amerika starred Kris Kristofferson , Mariel Hemingway , Sam Neill , Robert Urich , and a 17-year-old Lara Flynn Boyle in her first major role . Amerika was about life in the United States after a bloodless takeover engineered by the Soviet Union . Not wanting to depict the actual takeover , ABC Entertainment president Brandon Stoddard set the miniseries ten years after the event , focusing on the demoralized U.S. people a decade after the Soviet conquest . The intent , he later explained , was to explore the U.S. spirit under such conditions , not to portray the conflict of the Soviet coup .   Described in promotional materials as `` the most ambitious American miniseries ever created , '' Amerika aired for 14 1/2 hours ( including commercials ) over seven nights ( beginning February 15 , 1987 ) , and reportedly cost US$ 40 million to produce . The miniseries was filmed in the Golden Horseshoe and southwestern Ontario Canadian cities of Toronto , London , and Hamilton , as well as various locations in the U.S. state of Nebraska -- most notably the small town of Tecumseh , which served as `` Milford , '' the fictional setting for most of the series . Donald Wrye was the executive producer , director , and writer of Amerika , while composer Basil Poledouris scored the miniseries , ultimately recording ( with the Hollywood Symphony Orchestra ) eight hours of music -- the equivalent of four feature films .

neg: American Music Awards of 1987 The 14th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 26 , 1987 .

neg: The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 .   The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles .   The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago .   The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) .   The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 .   Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . ''   Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) .   The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .

neg: Aaron Dean Eisenberg Aaron Dean Eisenberg ( born on September 7 , 1983 in New York ) is an American actor and producer . He grew up in Long Beach , NY .