query: Alex Sharp was in a Broadway show.

pos: Alex Sharp Alexander Ian `` Alex '' Sharp ( born 2 February 1989 ) is a Tony Award-winning English actor best known for originating the role of Christopher Boone in the Broadway Production of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time .   After graduating from the Juilliard School in the summer of 2014 , he made his Broadway and acting debut in the play The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time in the autumn . For his role as the autistic teenager Christopher Boone , he was awarded the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play , Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play , and the Outer Critics Circle Award . , he is the youngest winner of the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play .

pos: Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .

pos: Tony Award The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre , more commonly known as Tony Award , recognizes the excellence in live Broadway theatre . The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in New York City . The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances , and an award is given for regional theatre . Several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given , including a Special Tony Award , the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre , and the Isabelle Stevenson Award . The awards are named after Antoinette `` Tony '' Perry , co-founder of the American Theatre Wing .   The rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document `` Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wing 's Tony Awards '' , which applies for that season only . The Tony Awards are considered the highest U.S. theatre honor , the New York theatre industry 's equivalent to the Academy Awards ( Oscars ) for motion pictures , the Grammy Awards for music , and the Emmy Awards for television . It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT , that is someone who has won all four awards . The Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France .   From 1997 to 2010 , the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television , except in 1999 , when it was held at the Gershwin Theatre . In 2011 and 2012 , the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre . From 2013 to 2015 , the 67th , 68th , and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall . The 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12 , 2016 at the Beacon Theatre . The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11 , 2017 , at Radio City Music Hall with Kevin Spacey as host .

neg: Lewen Sharp Lewen Sharp ( sometimes Lewin ) was a British architect .   In 1901 , Sharp designed the Apollo Theatre , on London 's Shaftesbury Avenue for Henry Lowenfeld .   In 1908 , Sharp made major alterations to the Camberwell Palace .

neg: Theatre Guild The Theatre Guild is a theatrical society founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller , Helen Westley and Theresa Helburn . Langner 's wife , Armina Marshall , then served as a co-director . It evolved out of the work of the Washington Square Players .   Its original purpose was to produce non-commercial works by American and foreign playwrights . It differed from other theaters at the time in that its board of directors shared the responsibility of choosing plays , management , and production . The Theatre Guild contributed greatly to the success of Broadway from the 1920s throughout the 1970s .   The Guild has produced a total of 228 plays on Broadway , including 18 by George Bernard Shaw and seven by Eugene O'Neill . Other major playwrights introduced to theatre-going Americans include Robert E. Sherwood , Maxwell Anderson , Sidney Howard , William Saroyan , and Philip Barry . In the field of musical theatre , the Guild has promoted works by Richard Rodgers , teamed with both Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II , George and Ira Gershwin , Jule Styne , and Meredith Willson , all of which have become classics . Under President John F. Kennedy , the Guild was engaged to assemble a U.S. theatre company , headed by Helen Hayes , to tour the capitals of Europe and South America with works by Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , and William Gibson .   In 1968 , the Guild became involved in the travel field by taking 25 of its subscribers to European capitals to see plays . In 1975 , it instituted its Theatre At Sea program with a 17-day cruise aboard the Rotterdam with Hayes and Cyril Ritchard . Since then they have hosted more than thirty cruises , each with seven or eight performers . Among them have been Alan Arkin , Zoe Caldwell , Anne Jackson , Cherry Jones , Richard Kiley , Eartha Kitt , Patricia Neal , Lynn Redgrave , Gena Rowlands , Jean Stapleton , Eli Wallach , and Lee Roy Reams , who served as the program 's resident director .   The last Broadway play produced by The Theatre Guild was State Fair in 1996 .

neg: The Whirl of New York The Whirl of New York is a Broadway musical that premiered at Winter Garden Theatre on June 13 , 1921 . It was an expanded and substantially re-worked version of The Belle of New York ( 1897 , music by Gustave Kerker with book and lyrics by Hugh Morton ) . The show was billed not as a revival but as `` founded on The Belle of New York . '' . The new version had music by Gustave Kerker , Al Goodman and Lew Pollack ; book and lyrics by Hugh Morton and Edgar Smith ; additional music by Leo Edwards ; and additional lyrics by Sidney D Mitchell , Cyrus Wood and Cliff Friend . It opened to favourable reviews and ran for 124 performances .

neg: Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel .   The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .   In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .

neg: Anything Goes Anything Goes is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter . The original book was a collaborative effort by Guy Bolton and P.G. Wodehouse , heavily revised by the team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . The story concerns madcap antics aboard an ocean liner bound from New York to London . Billy Crocker is a stowaway in love with heiress Hope Harcourt , who is engaged to Lord Evelyn Oakleigh . Nightclub singer Reno Sweeney and Public Enemy # 13 Moonface Martin aid Billy in his quest to win Hope . The musical introduced such songs as `` Anything Goes '' , `` You 're the Top '' , and `` I Get a Kick Out of You . ''   Since its 1934 debut at the Alvin Theatre ( now known as the Neil Simon Theatre ) on Broadway , the musical has been revived several times in the United States and Britain and has been filmed twice . The musical has long been a popular choice for school and community productions .

neg: Nick & Nora Nick & Nora is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents , lyrics by Richard Maltby , Jr. , and music by Charles Strouse .   The plot involves witty and urbane high society couple Nick and Nora Charles , characters created by Dashiell Hammett in his novel The Thin Man , which inspired six films , a radio show , and a television series . In this version , the two are attempting to solve the murder of a bookkeeper on a film production in Hollywood . Crucially , the musical departs from the formula of previous incarnations , defined by the chemistry between Nick and Nora , by creating a subplot of marital woes and tensions between them .   The show had a brief run of nine performances on Broadway in 1991 , and was remounted for the first and only time by San Francisco 's 42nd Street Moon in April 2015 .

neg: Ensemble Theatre Cincinnati Ensemble Theatre Cincinnati is a professional equity theatre located at 1127 Vine Street in Cincinnati , Ohio that was founded in 1986 . It is Greater Cincinnati 's second largest professional theatre , and until April 2012 was known as `` Ensemble Theatre of Cincinnati . The company is `` dedicated to producing world and regional premieres of works that often explore compelling social issues . ''

neg: Wild Honey (play) Wild Honey is a 1984 adaptation by British playwright Michael Frayn of an earlier play by Anton Chekhov . The original work , a sprawling five-hour drama from Chekhov 's earliest years as a writer , has no title , but is usually known in English as Platonov , after its principal character `` Mikhail Platonov '' , a disillusioned provincial schoolmaster .   Frayn 's adaptation was given its first production at London 's National Theatre in 1984 and won Olivier Awards in three categories : for Ian McKellen as Actor of the Year in a Revival , Christopher Morahan as Director of the Year and John Gunter as Designer of the Year . `` Anna Petrovna '' was played by Charlotte Cornwell .   The play opened at New York 's Virginia Theatre in December 1986 presented by impresario Douglas Urbanski with McKellen repeating his title role , but otherwise with an American cast which included Kim Cattrall , Kathryn Walker and Kate Burton .   The play was broadcast as a radio play on the digital radio station , BBC7 on 31 January 2010 as part of a BBC radio season of documentaries , drama , short stories and essays to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Chekhov 's birthday . Ian McKellen returned to play Platonov , while Anna Calder Marshall played Sasha .

neg: York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' .   Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street .   The Oscar Hammerstein Award  is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years .   Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .

neg: Aquila Theatre The Aquila Theatre was founded in London in 1991 by Peter Meineck and has been based in New York City since 1999 . Aquila 's mission is to bring the greatest theatrical works to the greatest number and presents a regular season of plays in New York and at international festivals . Education programming is an important component of Aquila 's mission . The Shakespeare Leaders is a bold and innovative program in Harlem , through which students learn and perform Shakespeare . Aquila provides access for people in under-served urban and rural communities , touring to around seventy American towns and cities a year . Aquila is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) not-for-profit organization .   Aquila Theatre will tour William Shakespeare 's Much Ado About Nothing and Agatha Christie 's Murder on the Nile during their 2016-2017 season .

neg: Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City .   Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death .   Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .

neg: Betsy Struxness Betsy Struxness is an American actress , singer , and dancer known for her work on the Broadway stage .   Struxness received her BFA in dance from Juilliard School , before moving to New York .   After touring with the musical Oklahoma ! and appearing in the ensemble of the tour of All Shook Up , Struxness appeared in the Ensemble of the Chicago production of the musical Wicked . She was soon transferred to the San Francisco production and then to Broadway . Following her gig in Wicked she played the Double Dutch Girl in the Broadway musical Memphis , understudying the role of Mama . She also appeared on The Onion News Network in 2011 as an Applebees customer .   Following this work , Struxness originated the roles of Angel of Mercy and Townsperson in the Broadway musical Leap of Faith in 2012 , understudying the role of Sam . The production closed quickly , and later that same year she returned to Broadway in the ensemble of the new musical Scandalous : The Life and Trials of Aimee Semple McPherson . In 2013 , she appeared in the ensemble in the original Broadway cast of Matilda , understudying the role of Mrs. Wormwood .   In 2014 , after making a guest appearance on Louie as the character Sunshine , Struxness left Matilda and began working in the ensemble of the musical Hamilton . The show ran off-Broadway for five months in 2015 , before transferring to Broadway . After several months in the production , she also became an understudy for the role of Angelica Schuyler . In 2016 , she appeared on the TV series Broad City as a yoga teacher .   Struxness is also a professional photographer .

neg: New Girl in Town New Girl in Town is a musical with a book by George Abbott and music and lyrics by Bob Merrill based on Eugene O'Neill 's 1921 gloomy play Anna Christie , about a prostitute who tries to live down her past . New Girl , unlike O'Neill 's play , focuses on the jealousy of the character Marthy and on love 's ability to conquer all . The musical ends far more hopefully than the play .   The Broadway production opened on May 4 , 1957 at the 46th Street Theatre , where it ran for 431 performances . The show was written as a star vehicle for Gwen Verdon , who had just had a hit with Damn Yankees and won raves for her portrayal of Anna , a role that showed off her acting , singing and dancing abilities to maximum effect . Composer Bob Merrill was at the beginning of a string of 1960s successes . New Girl in Town , produced by Frederick Brisson , Robert E. Griffith and Harold S. Prince , was well received by both critics and audiences . Verdon and co-star Thelma Ritter shared the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical , and the show received three other Tony nominations , including the Best Musical and best choreography for Bob Fosse .

neg: Lyceum Theatre (Broadway) The Lyceum Theatre ( pronounced ly-CEE-um ) is a Broadway theatre located at 149 West 45th Street near Times Square between Seventh and Sixth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan , New York City .

neg: An American Tragedy (musical) An American Tragedy is a 1995 musical with music by Charles Strouse , lyrics by Lee Adams and Mark St. Germain , and a libretto by David Shaber and Mark St. Germain .

neg: Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .

neg: Knickerbocker Theatre (Broadway) The Knickerbocker Theatre , previously known as Abbey 's Theatre and Henry Abbey 's Theatre , was a Broadway theatre located at 1396 Broadway ( West 38th Street ) in New York City . It operated from 1893 to 1930 . In 1906 , the theatre introduced the first moving electrical sign on Broadway to advertise its productions .

neg: 68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8 , 2014 , to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013 -- 14 season . The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City , and was televised live on CBS . Hugh Jackman was the host , his fourth time hosting . The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals , and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards .   The nominations were announced on April 29 , 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu . Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In just her ninth Broadway engagement , McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories , lead and featured in both a play and a musical . In its seventh Broadway incarnation , The Glass Menagerie won its first Tony Award ( Lighting Design ) .   Aladdin 's win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status .

neg: Tip-Toes Tip-Toes is a musical with a book by Guy Bolton and Fred Thompson , lyrics by Ira Gershwin , and music by George Gershwin . It centers on a vaudeville act composed of Tip-Toes , her brother and her uncle , who try to pass her off as an aristocrat to snare a millionaire husband . Farcical complications ensue involving Tip-Toes ' temporary amnesia and a marital infidelity subplot .   The musical was modestly successful on Broadway in 1925 and in London in 1926 . It was quickly adapted as a silent film starring Dorothy Gish and Will Rogers .

neg: Soul Doctor Soul Doctor - Journey of a Rockstar Rabbi is a Broadway musical that details the life of Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach , with music and lyrics by Shlomo Carlebach and David Schechter , and book and direction by Daniel Wise . The Soul Doctor show debuted at Le Petit Theatre du Vieux Carre in New Orleans , and had subsequent runs at The Colony Theater in Miami , The Parker Playhouse in Ft Lauderdale , and The New York Theatre Workshop in New York City . The Broadway production started previews on July 2013 with its official opening night taking place August 15 , 2013 at Broadway 's Circle in the Square Theatre .


query: Winnie Harlow was a contestant on the 21st cycle of America's Next Top Model.

pos: Winnie Harlow Winnie Harlow ( born Chantelle Brown-Young ; July 27 , 1994 ) is a Canadian fashion model , spokesperson , and activist . She gained prominence as a contestant on the twenty-first cycle of the U.S. television series America 's Next Top Model , and is known for having a prominent form of the skin condition vitiligo . She is the current brand ambassador for the Barcelona-based casual clothing brand Desigual alongside Brazilian supermodel Adriana Lima .

neg: Alicia Hall Alicia Hall ( born December 2 , 1985 ) is an American model and winner of NBC 's 2005 reality TV show Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Model Search .

neg: Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world .   Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery .   Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine .   Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .

neg: Miss Switzerland 2008 The Miss Switzerland 2009 pageant was held on September 26 , 2008 . There were 16 candidates representing the cantons of the country that were competing for the national crown . The winner will enter in Miss Universe 2009 and Miss World 2009 . Not all the contestants came from the canton they were originally from .   Whitney , who is the daughter of an American father , stands 177 cm and will represent Switzerland in Miss Universe 2009 . Switzerland stopped sending representatives to Miss World in 2005 , and it is unknown if the alpine country will return to it in 2008 .

neg: Renee Alway Renee Diane Alway ( born April 29 , 1986 ) is an American fashion model , the 3rd place of America 's Next Top Model , Cycle 8 and the runner-up on Modelville .

neg: America's Next Top Model (cycle 17) The seventeenth cycle of America 's Next Top Model ( subtitled as America 's Next Top Model : All Stars and stylized as America 's Next Top Model ALL ★ STARS ) premiered on September 14 , 2011 on The CW . It featured fourteen returning models from previous seasons .   The judging panel , unchanged since cycle 14 , once again consisted of Tyra Banks , Nigel Barker and André Leon Talley . The first judging was conducted in front of a live audience . The international destination for this cycle was the Greek island of Crete . The promotional song for this cycle was `` You Make Me Feel ... '' by Cobra Starship ft. Sabi . This was the final season filmed and broadcast in standard definition .   The winner of the competition was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato from Los Angeles , California , who originally placed sixth in cycle 5 .   Angelea Preston , who originally placed third on cycle 14 , and was disqualified from the competition in the final episode of the cycle , said that she had originally won the competition but was stripped of her title after producers learned that she had once worked as an escort .

neg: Kelly Bell Kelly Bell ( born 21 February 1982 in Aldershot ) is an English former glamour model . She has been described as the United Kingdom 's `` number-one glamour model . ''   Bell has appeared in many young teen girl magazines , as a young teen model and has had many TV appearances over the last 15 years . She entered a competition to find Britain 's next top model in the Daily Sport at just 16 , placing first out of thousands of entrants .   Bell was voted the UK 's sexiest babe for 2007 by the readers of the Daily & Sunday Sport .   She recorded a single titled Down 'n Dirty in 2003 and performed a concert in Colchester in aid of the Army Benevolent Fund . She is a campaigner for the British Armed Forces and raises awareness for the military whenever she can .   Bell is a vegan who avoids the consumption or use of animal products . She is a supporter of the British vegetarian , vegan and animal rights group Viva ! .

neg: America's Next Top Model (cycle 12) The twelfth cycle of America 's Next Top Model premiered on March 4 , 2009 and was the sixth season to air on The CW network . The cycle 's catch phrase is `` Get In The Fold . '' The cycle 's promotional song is Lady Gaga 's `` The Fame '' .   The prizes for this cycle were :   A modeling contract with Elite Model Management .  A fashion spread and cover in Seventeen .  A 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics .   The first half of the cycle took place in New York City , moving the show back from Los Angeles last season . The international destination for this cycle is São Paulo , Brazil , the series first visit to South America .   The number of girls was reduced to 13 , the first time since cycle 9 , after being maintained at 14 in the last two cycles . This was the last time Paulina Porizkova participated as judge .   The winner was 20-year-old Teyona Anderson from Woodstown , New Jersey . This season averaged 4.35 million viewers per episode .

neg: Peru's Next Top Model (cycle 1) Peru 's Next Top Model , Cycle 1 , was the first installment of a current Peruvian reality television season based on Tyra Banks ' America 's Next Top Model . The series is hosted by Peruvian model Valeria De Santis . The show began to air on ATV on September 7 , 2013 .   The series featured fifteen finalists in its cast . Production lasted a total of three months , and the footage was divided into twelve episodes .   The winner of the competition was 23-year-old Danea Panta from Trujillo . As her prizes , she received a contract with Mega Model Management in Miami , the front cover of Cosas magazine , a $ 10,000 dollar contract with L'Bel Cosmetics , a $ 10,000 dollar contract with Moda Falabella , and a $ 5,000 dollar contract with Pantene Pro-v .

neg: Holland's Next Top Model (cycle 1) Holland 's Next Top Model ( retroactively Holland 's Next Top Model cycle 1 ) features a dynamic reality show format - in that the viewers not only witness an intense competition to find a top model but also the impact of the competition on and day-to-day lives of a diverse group of contestants .   In the end , Sanne Nijhof would beat out her competition to become the first winner of Holland 's Next Top Model . With her win , she represented the Netherlands at Ford Models Supermodel of the World competition , ultimately winning the competition and a contract with the agency ( although she has since then left the agency ) .

neg: Miss America 2005 Miss America 2005 , the 78th Miss America pageant , was held in Atlantic City on September 18 , 2004 , following a week of events including the preliminary competition .   The pageant was broadcast live on ABC from Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City . Although this was not known at the time , this pageant would be the last held in Atlantic City until 2013 , as the pageant moved to Las Vegas , Nevada beginning in 2006 . It was also the last one to be televised by an over-the-air network until 2011 .   At the conclusion of the final night of competition , Ericka Dunlap crowned Deidre Downs of Alabama as her successor .

neg: Peru's Next Top Model Peru 's Next Top Model is a Peruvian reality television series , based on Tyra Banks ' America 's Next Top Model . It is the fourth franchise in Latin America after Brazil 's Next Top Model , Mexico 's Next Top Model , and Colombia 's Next Top Model . The first season of the series began to air on ATV on September 7 , 2013 .

neg: Colombia's Next Top Model Colombia 's Next Top Model is a Colombian reality television series , based on Tyra Banks ' America 's Next Top Model . It is the third franchise in Latin America after Brazil 's Next Top Model and Mexico 's Next Top Model . The series began to air on Caracol TV on January 8 , 2013 .   The series features a group of young women who compete for the title of `` Colombia 's Next Top Model '' and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry .   The second season aired on January 13 , 2014 . Carolina Cruz was introduced as the new image of the contest and Franklin Ramos remained as the tutor . On the other hand , Kika Rocha and Catalina Aristizábal remained part of the team as judges and Mauricio Vélez entered the show as a replacement of Raúl Higuera who was no longer part of the team for season 2 .

neg: Jade Thompson Jade Louise Thompson ( born 22 January 1991 ) is an English model , and winner of Britain & Ireland 's Next Top Model Cycle 7 formerly titled Britain 's Next Top Model .

neg: Caterina Lopez Caterina Marie Lopez ( born December 13 , 1987 ) , is an American model and actress .

neg: America's Next Top Model (cycle 20) The twentieth cycle of America 's Next Top Model ( subtitled as America 's Next Top Model : Guys & Girls and stylized as ANTM 2.0 ) premiered on August 2 , 2013 . It is the 14th season to air on The CW . Tyra Banks , Kelly Cutrone , Bryanboy , and Rob Evans all returned as judges . As in the previous cycle , public voting is still a factor in eliminations . The catchphrase for this cycle is `` Who Will Dominate ? '' .   This is the only cycle of America 's Next Top Model to include more than 14 contestants , as well as the first cycle to feature male contestants . This is also the first cycle to have more than 13 episodes .   The international destination for this cycle was Bali , Indonesia . The winner was 19-year-old Jourdan Miller from Bend , Oregon .

neg: New Zealand's Next Top Model (cycle 1) New Zealand 's Next Top Model , Cycle 1 is the original season of New Zealand 's Next Top Model which is a reality TV show based on America 's Next Top Model . Thirteen young women compete for the title and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry . The prize for this cycle was a contract with 62 Model Management , a 1-year contract with CoverGirl cosmetics , an 8-page editorial in CLEO Magazine , an all expenses paid trip to Sydney to meet with Ursula Hufnagl of Chic Model Management and a trip to New York to meet with NEXT Model Management . The catchphrase for this season is `` Our Turn To Turn Heads '' .   The international destinations for this cycle were Sydney , Australia , where the final seven judging panel was held , and then Los Angeles , United States for one episode with six contestants .   The winner was 16-year-old Christobelle Grierson-Ryrie from Auckland , New Zealand .   New Zealand 's Next Top Model , Cycle 1 has aired on TV3 in New Zealand and FOX8 in Australia .

neg: Tiffany Hendra Tiffany Hendra ( née Bolton ; born August 21 , 1971 ) is an American actress and television personality best known for the Bravo reality-television show The Real Housewives of Dallas .

neg: Esther Hwang Esther Hwang is a Korean-American supermodel , former Miss Asian America , and former scheduling secretary for San Francisco mayor Willie Brown .   Esther Hwang was born on January 10 , 1975 in Seoul , South Korea . She immigrated to America at the age of one and grew up in Los Angeles ' Korea Town . In 1996 , she won the Miss Asian America Pageant . She received a scholarship to UC Berkeley and graduated summa cum laude in 1997 . Soon after , she joined the staff of Willie Brown while he was Mayor of San Francisco . Doing so substantially increased her web traffic and notoriety as a model .   In 2006 , she began working with North Beach Models . In 2007 , she graduated from San Francisco Law School . Later that year , she filed a police brutality charge in San Francisco . In 2008 , Esther was diagnosed with Stage 1 breast cancer . She continues to work as a model as well as working with her charity , Pandora 's Hope , for children in poverty and women with cancer .

neg: Angelia Layton Angelia Nichole Layton ( born October 8 , 1991 ) is an American actress , model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Utah Teen USA 2010 and competed at Miss Teen USA 2010 and placed 3rd runner-up . Later , in 2014 , she won Miss Utah USA 2014 and represented Utah at Miss USA 2014 , but she did not place . She was also a cast member of the 25th season of Survivor , Survivor : Philippines .

neg: America's Next Top Model (cycle 11) The eleventh cycle of America 's Next Top Model premiered on September 3 , 2008 and was the fifth season to be aired on The CW network . The promotional catchphrase of the cycle was `` Feel The Love . ''   The prizes for this cycle were :   A modeling contract with Elite Model Management .  A fashion spread and cover in Seventeen .  A 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics .   Approximately the first half of the competition took place in Los Angeles , moving the show back from New York City where it was held last season . The international destination for the final episodes of the cycle was Amsterdam , the Netherlands . The promotional song was `` When I Grow Up '' by the Pussycat Dolls .   The winner was 19-year-old McKey Sullivan from Lake Forest , Illinois .


query: Tom Cruise stars in the 1990 film Rain Man.

pos: Tom Cruise Thomas Cruise Mapother IV ( born July 3 , 1962 ) , known professionally as Tom Cruise , is an American actor and producer . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards . He started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love ( 1981 ) . After portraying supporting roles in Taps ( 1981 ) and The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , his first leading role was in the romantic comedy Risky Business , released in August 1983 . Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell in the action drama Top Gun ( 1986 ) . One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood , Cruise starred in several more successful films in the 1980s , including the dramas The Color of Money ( 1986 ) , Cocktail ( 1988 ) , Rain Man ( 1988 ) , and Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) .   In the 1990s , he starred in a number of hit films , including the romance Far and Away ( 1992 ) , the drama A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) , the legal thriller The Firm ( 1993 ) , the drama horror film Interview with the Vampire ( 1994 ) , the romantic comedy-drama sports film Jerry Maguire ( 1996 ) , the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut , and the drama Magnolia ( both 1999 ) . Since 1996 , Cruise has been well known for his role as IMF agent Ethan Hunt in the Mission : Impossible film series , whose most recent film , Mission : Impossible -- Rogue Nation , was released in 2015 .   In the 2000s , Cruise starred in a number of successful films , including the science fiction thrillers Vanilla Sky ( 2001 ) and Minority Report ( 2002 ) , the epic war film The Last Samurai ( 2003 ) , the crime film Collateral ( 2004 ) , the science fiction disaster thriller War of the Worlds ( 2005 ) , and the historical thriller Valkyrie ( 2008 ) .   In the 2010s , he has starred in the action comedy Knight and Day ( 2010 ) , the thriller Jack Reacher ( 2012 ) , the post-apocalyptic science fiction film Oblivion ( 2013 ) , and the military science fiction film Edge of Tomorrow ( 2014 ) . In 2012 , Cruise was Hollywood 's highest-paid actor . 16 of his films grossed over $ 100 million domestically ; 22 have grossed in excess of $ 200 million worldwide .   He has won Golden Globe Awards for Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Drama in 1990 for Born on the Fourth of July ; Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture in Comedy/Musical in 1997 for Jerry Maguire ; and Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture in 2000 for Magnolia . In 2002 , Cruise won the Saturn Award for Best Actor for Vanilla Sky . In 2003 , he won an AFI Movie of the Year Award for The Last Samurai and an Empire Award for Best Actor for Minority Report .   Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs , and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia . In the 2000s , his criticisms of psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs , particularly therapy for 9/11 rescue workers , and efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in Europe , sparked controversies , as did a leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology .

neg: Before the Rain (1994 film) Before the Rain ( Пред дождот , Pred doždot ) is a 1994 British-French-Macedonian film starring Katrin Cartlidge , Rade Šerbedžija , Grégoire Colin , and Labina Mitevska . It was directed and written by Milcho Manchevski . The music was created by the band Anastasia . Director of photography was Manuel Teran , editor Nicolas Gaster , production designers David Munns and Sharon Lomofsky .   The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and won the Golden Lion award at 51st Venice International Film Festival , alongside Vive L'Amour by Tsai Ming-liang .

neg: List of cruise lines A cruise line is a company that operates cruise ships and markets cruises to the public . Cruise lines are distinct from passenger lines which are primarily concerned with transportation of their passengers . Cruise lines have a dual character ; they are partly in the transportation business , and partly in the leisure entertainment business , a duality that carries down into the ships themselves , which have both a crew headed by the ship 's captain , and a hospitality staff headed by the equivalent of a hotel manager .   Because of mergers and consolidations , a cruise line may also be a brand of a larger holding corporation . For example , as noted below , Carnival Cruise Line and Holland America Line are cruise lines within the larger parent corporation Carnival Corporation & plc. . This industry practice of using the brand , not the larger parent corporation , as the cruise line is also followed in the member cruise lines in Cruise Lines International Association ( CLIA ) ; the listing of cruise ship sales , transfers , and new orders ; cruise line market share ; and the member-based reviews of cruise lines .   Cruise ships can cruise in oceans or rivers . The listing of cruise lines below includes separate lists for both areas . Cruise lines operating ocean and river ships can be found in both lists .

neg: Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego .   Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin .   In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .

neg: Gump and Co. Gump & Co. ( or Forrest Gump and Co. ) is a 1995 novel by Winston Groom . It is the sequel to his novel Forrest Gump ( 1986 ) , and the Academy Award-winning film of the same name released in 1994 , with Tom Hanks . It was written to chronicle Forrest 's life throughout the 1980s .

neg: Rotimi Rainwater Rotimi James Rainwater ( born November 29 , 1970 ) is an American writer , director , and producer . He is best known for the feature film Sugar and his work with homeless youth in the documentary Lost in America .

neg: The American Way (film) The American Way , also known as Riders of the Storm , is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by Maurice Phillips and starring Dennis Hopper and Michael J. Pollard .

neg: Quiet Days in Clichy (film) Quiet Days in Clichy ( `` Jours tranquilles à Clichy '' ) is a 1990 film directed by Claude Chabrol . It is based on the autobiographical novel Quiet Days in Clichy by Henry Miller .   The novel was previously adapted into a 1970 Danish film .

neg: Wild Orchid (film) Wild Orchid is a 1990 American erotic film directed by Zalman King and starring Mickey Rourke , Carré Otis , Jacqueline Bisset , Bruce Greenwood , and Assumpta Serna .   A sequel was released in 1992 entitled Wild Orchid II : Two Shades of Blue .

neg: The Homesman The Homesman is a 2014 French-American historical period drama set in the 1850s Midwest , directed and co-produced by Tommy Lee Jones and co-written with Kieran Fitzgerald and Wesley Oliver , based on the 1988 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout . The film stars Jones and Hilary Swank and also features Meryl Streep , Hailee Steinfeld , John Lithgow , and James Spader .   The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and received a North American limited release on November 14 , 2014 by Roadside Attractions . The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics . Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating average of 7.1 / 10 .   The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home , which was typically a man 's job to carry out .

neg: Diving In Diving In is a 1990 American film directed by Strathford Hamilton and starring Matt Adler .

neg: Shipwrecked (1990 film) Shipwrecked ( Haakon Haakonsen ) is a 1990 family action-adventure film . The film is a dramatization of Norwegian author Oluf Falck-Ytter 's book Haakon Haakonsen : En Norsk Robinson ( Haakon Haakonsen : A Norwegian Robinson ) . In Norway , it was titled `` Haakon Haakonsen '' .   The movie was produced by a consortium of Scandinavian companies and released in the US in an English-language version by Walt Disney Pictures .

neg: Soul Man (film) Soul Man is a 1986 American comedy film about a white man who temporarily darkens his skin , in order to pretend to be black and qualify for a black-only scholarship at Harvard Law School . The movie was directed by Steve Miner and stars C. Thomas Howell , Rae Dawn Chong , Arye Gross , James Earl Jones , Leslie Nielsen , James B. Sikking , and Julia Louis-Dreyfus .   The title refers to the Sam and Dave song `` Soul Man '' . The original soundtrack includes a version performed by Sam Moore and Lou Reed .

neg: Mission: Impossible 2 Mission : Impossible 2 ( stylized as M : I-2 ) is a 2000 American action spy film directed by John Woo and starring Tom Cruise , who also served as the film 's producer . It is the second installment in the Mission : Impossible film series . In the film , Ethan Hunt is recruited by the Impossible Missions Force ( IMF ) to find and destroy a dangerous biological weapon called `` Chimera '' from a rogue IMF agent named Sean Ambrose with the help of his new girlfriend , Nyah Nordoff-Hall . .   Mission : Impossible 2 was released in theaters worldwide on May 24 , 2000 . It grossed more than $ 546.4 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing film of 2000 . But the critical response was mixed ; praise was directed at Tom Cruise 's performance and the action sequences , but the plot and dialogue were criticized .

neg: Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era .   Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) .   Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death .   As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives .   This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .

neg: Edward Scissorhands Edward Scissorhands is a 1990 American romantic dark fantasy film directed by Tim Burton , produced by Denise Di Novi and Tim Burton , and written by Caroline Thompson from a story by Tim Burton and Caroline Thompson , starring Johnny Depp as an artificial man named Edward , an unfinished creation who has scissor blades instead of hands . The young man is taken in by a suburban family and falls in love with their teenage daughter Kim ( Winona Ryder ) . Additional roles were played by Dianne Wiest , Anthony Michael Hall , Kathy Baker , Vincent Price and Alan Arkin .   Burton conceived Edward Scissorhands from his childhood upbringing in suburban Burbank , California . During pre-production of Beetlejuice , Caroline Thompson was hired to adapt Burton 's story into a screenplay , and the film began development at 20th Century Fox , after Warner Bros. declined . Edward Scissorhands was then fast track after Burton 's critical and financial success with Batman . The majority of filming took place in Lakeland , Florida between March 10 and June 10 , 1990 . The film also marks the fourth collaboration between Burton and film score composer Danny Elfman . The leading role of Edward had been connected to several actors prior to Depp 's casting : a meeting between Burton and the preferred choice of the studio , Tom Cruise , was not fruitful , and Gary Oldman and Tom Hanks turned down the part . The character of The Inventor was devised specifically for Vincent Price , and would be his last major role . Edward 's scissor hands were created and designed by Stan Winston .   Edward Scissorhands was released to positive feedback from critics , and was a financial success . The film received numerous nominations at the Academy Awards , British Academy Film Awards , and the Saturn Awards , as well as winning the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation . Both Burton and Elfman consider Edward Scissorhands their most personal and favorite work .

neg: Nobody's Perfect (1990 film) Nobody 's Perfect is a 1990 American comedy film directed by Robert Kaylor and starring Chad Lowe and Gail O'Grady .

neg: Smokey and the Bandit II Smokey and the Bandit II is a 1980 American action comedy film directed by Hal Needham , and stars Burt Reynolds , Sally Field , Jerry Reed , Jackie Gleason and Dom DeLuise . The film is the sequel to the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit .   The film was originally released in the United Kingdom , New Zealand , Australia and several other , mainly Commonwealth countries as Smokey and the Bandit Ride Again . Early video releases and TV broadcasts also used this title , but in more recent years have reverted to the original U.S. title . It was followed by a sequel three years later , Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 ( 1983 ) , in which Reynolds appeared only in a brief cameo appearance , and Sally Field was absent completely .   The plot centers on Bo `` Bandit '' Darville ( Burt Reynolds ) and Cledus `` Snowman '' Snow ( Jerry Reed ) , transporting an elephant to the GOP National Convention , with Sheriff Buford T. Justice ( Jackie Gleason ) in hot pursuit once again .

neg: The Last Best Year The Last Best Year is a 1990 American made-for-television drama film starring Mary Tyler Moore and Bernadette Peters concerning a lonely woman who discovers that she has a terminal illness . It originally premiered on ABC on November 4 , 1990 .

neg: Death Warrant (film) Death Warrant is a 1990 American action crime mystery-thriller film directed by Deran Sarafian and produced by Mark DiSalle . The film was written by David S. Goyer while a student at USC , and was Goyer 's first screenplay to be sold and produced commercially . In the film , the police detective Louis Burke is going into a prison facility at California as an undercover cop in order to find out who stands behind a mysterious series of murders , and finds himself locked up with his arch-nemesis ; Christian Naylor , a psychotic serial killer who calls himself `` The Sandman '' whom sets out to exact revenge upon him after getting into prison .   Death Warrant was released on September 14 , 1990 . Upon its release , the film grossed $ 46 million against production budget of only $ 6 million . The film received general mixed to poor critical reaction from critics who found the direction , its storyline , villain , and the plot poor , but highly praised the acting as well as the action scenes and the thrilling atmosphere .

neg: Class Cruise Class Cruise is an American teen comedy television film that premiered on NBC on October 22 , 1989 . The film was directed by Oz Scott and written by Steven Long Mitchell and Craig W. Van Sickle .


query: John Malkovich starred in Ripley's Game.

pos: John Malkovich John Gavin Malkovich ( born December 9 , 1953 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He has appeared in more than 70 films . For his roles in Places in the Heart and In the Line of Fire , he received Academy Award nominations . He has also appeared in films such as Empire of the Sun , The Killing Fields , Con Air , Of Mice and Men , Rounders , Ripley 's Game , Knockaround Guys , Being John Malkovich , Shadow of the Vampire , Burn After Reading , RED , Mulholland Falls , Dangerous Liaisons , and Warm Bodies , as well as producing films such as Ghost World , Juno , and The Perks of Being a Wallflower .   In January 2017 , he launched his menswear fashion line with an online shop .

neg: Boychoir (film) Boychoir is a 2014 American drama film directed by François Girard and written by Ben Ripley . The film stars Dustin Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Debra Winger , Josh Lucas and the American Boychoir School .

neg: Al Rockoff Al Rockoff is an American photojournalist made famous by his coverage of the Vietnam War and of the Khmer Rouge takeover of Phnom Penh , Cambodia 's capital . He was portrayed in the Academy Award winning film The Killing Fields by actor John Malkovich , although he has never been happy with this portrayal . Rockoff was born in Pawtucket , Rhode Island and is half Russian and half Irish . After enlisting in the Navy while under age , he subsequently became an Army photographer in South Vietnam .

neg: Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina .   The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .

neg: Game (Scientology) In the Church of Scientology , the Official Scientology and Dianetics glossary defines L. Ron Hubbard 's concept of `` game '' as :   game : a contest of person against person or team against team . A game consists of freedoms , barriers and purposes , and there is a necessity in a game to have an opponent or an enemy . Also there is a necessity to have problems , and enough individuality to cope with a situation . To live life fully , then , one must have in addition to `` something to do , '' a higher purpose , and this purpose , to be a purpose at all , must have counter-purposes or purposes which prevent it from occurring .   The Aberree noted in its Volume 3 , issue 1 ( April 1956 ) : `` Scientology is Hubbard 's game ... It is also anyone 's game who really wants to own and play it . ''   Scientologist and jazz musician Chick Corea refers to Hubbard 's `` game '' concept in his song `` What Games Shall We Play Today ? ''   Compare the Scientological view of life as `` a game . A game in which everyone can win and no one need lose . ''

neg: The Game Is Over The Game Is Over ( original title La Curée , `` The Kill '' ) is a 1966 French-Italian French language film directed by Roger Vadim and starring Jane Fonda , Michel Piccoli and Peter McEnery . The film is a modern-day adaptation of the 1871-72 novel La Curée by Émile Zola .

neg: Billy Murray (actor) William `` Billy '' Albert Murray ( born 6 October 1941 ) is an English actor , best known for playing Don Beech in The Bill from 1995 to 2004 , Johnny Allen in the BBC soap opera EastEnders from 2005 to 2006 , Captain John Price in the video games Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 , and Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 3 .

neg: The Lost World: Jurassic Park (film score) Like its predecessor , The Lost World : Jurassic Park was scored by famed composer John Williams ( a longtime collaborator with director Steven Spielberg ) , orchestrated by Conrad Pope and John Neufeld , and recorded in Los Angeles . Notably , Williams did not write a stereotypical sequel score , but instead developed a wildly different style for the different location , cast , and darker tone of the second Jurassic Park film .   The original soundtrack album -- released by MCA Records on April 30 , 1997 -- features over seventy minutes of the film 's music , including some material that was unused in the film 's final cut ( e.g. `` The Hunt '' ) . The single disc is packaged in a paper case that opens to reveal dioramas of jungle scenery and dinosaurs from the film . A John Williams collection edition , joint with the soundtrack to the first movie , was released by La-La Land Records on November 29 , 2016 , remastered and featuring additional unreleased music .

neg: John LaZar John LaZar ( born May 22 , 1946 ) is an American actor of both stage and screen , best remembered for his lead role as Ronnie ` Z-man ' Barzell in the 1970s Russ Meyer film Beyond the Valley of the Dolls ( 1970 ) , co-written by Meyer and Roger Ebert .   LaZar grew up in San Francisco , California and is of Mediterranean and Native American heritage . He trained at the American Conservatory Theatre and has studied acting with Uta Hagen . A veteran of many Shakespearean stage productions , Lazar is also a martial arts expert and fencer .   LaZar later appeared in Russ Meyer 's Supervixens ( 1974 ) and Roger Corman 's Deathstalker II .

neg: The Game (1984 film) The Game also known as The Cold is a low budget 1984 horror film directed by Bill Rebane . The film was made in Wisconsin and released theatrically by Trans World Entertainment .

neg: Gary Jones (costume designer) Gary Jones ( born February 24 , 1947 ) is an American costume designer who has nearly 60 costume credits in films and TV . He is perhaps most known for his work on films such as Oz the Great and Powerful and The Talented Mr. Ripley .   He was nominated at the 72nd Academy Awards in the category of Best Costumes for his work on the film The Talented Mr. Ripley . His nomination was shared with Ann Roth .

neg: Creature from the Black Lagoon (pinball) Creature from the Black Lagoon is a pinball machine designed by John Trudeau ( `` Dr. Flash '' ) and released by Midway ( under the Bally brand name ) . It is loosely based on the movie of the same name . The game 's theme is 1950 's drive-in theater . The pinball machine was licensed from Universal Studios by Bally so that the backglass artwork , the cabinet artwork , and the creature looked like the original movie actors and monsters .

neg: A Dangerous Game (2014 film) A Dangerous Game is a 2014 documentary film and a follow-up to You 've Been Trumped . The film was released in September 2014 , and continues the story of the locals ' struggle against Donald Trump but goes further afield also . It features a story in Dubrovnik , Croatia where a development has been approved to build a luxury golf course on Mount Srđ overlooking Dubrovnik but local residents are campaigning against it and held a referendum which they won but which officials ignored . The film also looks at luxury golf resorts in general , how they damage the natural environment because of high water and pesticide usage , and how they often only serve the super rich whilst bypassing local democracy to please the developers .

neg: Young Dillinger Young Dillinger is a 1965 gangster film . It stars Nick Adams as the notorious criminal John Dillinger , and co-stars Robert Conrad , John Ashley and Mary Ann Mobley .

neg: Fair Game (1995 film) Fair Game is a 1995 American action film directed by Andrew Sipes . It stars Cindy Crawford as family law attorney Kate McQuean and William Baldwin as Max Kirkpatrick , a Florida police officer . Kirkpatrick ends up on the run to protect McQuean when she is targeted for murder by ex-members of the KGB with interests in a ship owned by a Cuban man who may lose it in a divorce case being pursued by McQuean .   The film is based on Paula Gosling 's novel of the same name , which was previously adapted into the 1986 Sylvester Stallone film Cobra .   Locations used for the film included Coral Gables , Florida , Miami Beach , and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary .

neg: Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants .   By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .

neg: The Verdict The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman , Charlotte Rampling , Jack Warden , James Mason , Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse . The film , which was directed by Sidney Lumet , was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed . It is about a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation , but discovers along the way that he is doing the right thing .   The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success . The film was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Paul Newman ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( James Mason ) , Best Director ( Sidney Lumet ) , Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay ( David Mamet ) .

neg: Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel .   The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .   In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government .   The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast .   Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .

neg: The Believers The Believers is a 1987 American neo-noir thriller film directed by John Schlesinger , released in 1987 and starring Martin Sheen , Robert Loggia and Helen Shaver . It is based on the 1982 novel The Religion by Nicholas Conde .

neg: Payback (1999 film) Payback is a 1999 American neo-noir crime film written and directed by Brian Helgeland in his directorial debut , and starring Mel Gibson , Gregg Henry , Maria Bello and David Paymer . It was based on the novel The Hunter by Donald E. Westlake using the pseudonym Richard Stark , which had earlier been adapted into the 1967 film noir classic Point Blank , directed by John Boorman and starring Lee Marvin . In 2006 Helgeland issued a director 's cut that differs substantially from the version released by the studio .


query: Davis Entertainment's divisions only produce television projects.

pos: Davis Entertainment Davis Entertainment is an American independent film production company , founded by John Davis in 1984 .   Davis 's three divisions -- - feature film , independent film , and television - -- develop and produce film and television projects for the major studios , independent distributors , networks and cable broadcasters . The Company has enjoyed a long-standing first-look production deal at 20th Century Fox , though also produces projects for all studios and mini-majors .

neg: D-TV D-TV is a series of music videos created by Walt Disney Productions in 1984 . Disney combined hit songs from the past with footage of vintage Disney animation , created in the style of MTV music videos , which inspired the name of this series . The videos were shown as filler material on the Disney Channel ( as the network did not air commercials at this time ) , as well as being the focus of television specials . Home video collections were also released on the VHS , Beta , CED Videodisc , and Laserdisc formats . After the first run of D-TV , in 1989 a second series was produced known as DTV ² . The show 's main title theme song is `` RPM '' from Larry Owens for the Network Music Library .   D-TV ceased airing in 1999 .

neg: Flix (TV network) Flix is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by the Showtime Networks , Inc. subsidiary of CBS Corporation . Its programming consists solely of theatrically released feature films released from the 1970s to the present day , interspersed with some films from the 1950s and 1960s .   It is the only premium television service in the United States that does not operate any multiplex channels that provide additional programming alongside the main service . Although Flix is typically offered as part of the Showtime multiplex , the channel 's carriage varies depending on both the cable provider and market , therefore it may not be available alongside Showtime and The Movie Channel 's multiplex services in all areas .

neg: David Davis (TV producer) David Davis ( born 1937 ) is an American television producer and television writer . He is best known for work on the sitcoms The Bob Newhart Show , a series he co-created with Lorenzo Music , and Taxi , a series he co-created with James L. Brooks , Stan Daniels and Ed . Weinberger . In 1979 , he won a Primetime Emmy Award for his producing work on Taxi .   He also produced for the series O.K. Crackerby ! , My Mother the Car , He & She , The Good Guys , Get Smart and wrote episodes for The Mary Tyler Moore Show and its spin-off Rhoda .   Since 1976 , Davis has been in a relationship with actress Julie Kavner , they met on the set on Rhoda , a series Kavner co-starred in .

neg: BBC Television BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 . It produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932 , although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936 .   The BBC 's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30 % of all UK viewing . The services are funded by a television licence .   As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement , the BBC Television division was split , with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television ( channels and genre commissioning , BBC Sport , BBC Three and BBC iPlayer ) being renamed as BBC Content .

neg: Little Britain Productions Little Britain Productions is a television production company founded in 2006 . Little Britain Productions mainly produces comedies and documentaries about comedy .

neg: 20th Television Twentieth Television ( or 20TV , stylized as 20th Television ) is an American television syndication studio and the syndication arm of 20th Century Fox Television itself a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: BBC Entertainment BBC Entertainment is an international television channel broadcasting comedy , drama , light entertainment , reality and children 's programming ( some regions only ) from the BBC , Channel 4 and other UK production houses . The channel broadcasts regional versions to suit local demands and replaces BBC Prime . It is wholly owned by BBC Worldwide .

neg: Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode .   The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order .   Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes .   A popular variant is the police procedural .

neg: Degrassi (franchise) Degrassi is a Canadian drama franchise that follows the lives of a group of teenagers who lived on or near De Grassi Street in Toronto , Ontario . The five main series are The Kids of Degrassi Street , Degrassi Junior High , Degrassi High , Degrassi : The Next Generation and Degrassi : Next Class .   The early Degrassi series were produced by the small production company owned by Kit Hood and Linda Schuyler , Playing With Time Inc. . The recent version of Degrassi , produced by Epitome Pictures , aired on MTV Canada and on VRAK.TV ( dubbed in French ) in Canada and was simultaneously broadcast on TeenNick ( and in syndication ) in the United States . Degrassi : The Next Generations '' 's eighth season aired on BBC Switch in the United Kingdom .   The second incarnation of The Next Generation , Degrassi : Next Class '' , is jointly produced by Netflix and Epitome ( a subsidiary of DHX Media ) . The show began airing in January 2016 on Netflix internationally and on Family ( F2N ) in Canada .

neg: List of programs broadcast by ETC This is a list of programs broadcast by ETC , a commercial broadcast television network owned by Solar Entertainment Corporation through its subsidiary Southern Broadcasting Network . Its local programming includes lifestyle , infotainment , infomercials and reality shows produced by the network itself . The channel also provides drama series , sitcoms , reality , movies and entertainment news programs .   Most of American TV shows are from broadcast networks such as CBS , ABC , Fox , NBC , and The CW , and cable channels such as Bravo , E! , Lifetime , Freeform , VH1 and MTV . Several Australian shows are from Seven Network , and Network Ten .   For the previously aired shows of SBN/ETC , see List of programs previously broadcast by Southern Broadcasting Network .

neg: Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it .   On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Disney–ABC Domestic Television Disney -- ABC Domestic Television , also operating as ABC Syndication ( formerly known as Buena Vista Television and also known as Disney Domestic Television and Disney-ABC Home Entertainment and Television Distribution ) , is the in-home sales and content distribution firm of the Disney -- ABC Television Group , a division of The Walt Disney Company . Content distribution responsibilities include domestic television syndication , domestic pay TV , Internet and cable video-on-demand ( VOD ) , and pay-per-view outlets .

neg: Bruce Davis (video game industry) Bruce L. Davis ( born 1952 ) is an American businessman , currently CEO and chairman of Digimarc . Formerly the head of both Imagic and Activision , he is known for his role in the development of the video game industry .   A native of New York , Davis earned a B.S. in accounting and psychology and an M.A. in criminal justice from University at Albany , SUNY , and a law degree from Columbia University . He began his professional career by establishing the intellectual property practice at the firm of Orrick , Herrington & Sutcliffe in San Francisco , California . He assumed leadership of Imagic as it was going out of business in the North American video game crash of 1983 .   From 1987 to 1991 , Davis was first chief operating officer , then chairman and CEO of Activision . The board of directors promoted him from senior vice president to replace Jim Levy shortly after the acquisition of Infocom , in the hopes of stemming the continuing financial damage from the crash . He had opposed the merger , and many Infocom employees believed he was deliberately working against them , changing processes that had made the game business successful . Activision co-founder and programmer David Crane was also critical of Davis : `` Bruce Davis ' biggest mistake was treating video games as commodities , rather than creative products . '' Nevertheless , Davis 's leadership of Activision began well . He led the company to a profit in his first year at the helm on strong sales growth , following 16 consecutive quarters of multimillion-dollar losses . The turnaround effort was stymied after a huge damages award for infringement of Magnavox 's original home video game patents was upheld on appeal in 1988 . That year Activision changed its name to Mediagenic , as Davis sought to expand the company 's product lines to non-gaming software . In February 1991 , Robert Kotick , backed by Steve Wynn of Mirage Resorts , staged a successful hostile takeover . Kotick and his team then filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy in cooperation with Magnavox parent company Philips in a leveraged recapitalization of Activision , as it was renamed in 1992 . Kotick replaced Davis in this restructuring .   Starting in 1992 , Davis founded and served as president of TV Guide on Screen , a joint venture of News Corporation and TCI that supplied electronic guides and navigational software for the cable television market . The company later merged with Prevue Networks , then with TV Guide . TV Guide later merged with Gemstar International . The resulting Gemstar-TV Guide International was acquired in 2008 by Macrovision .   Davis is chairman and CEO of Digimarc . He led Digimarc from start up in 1997 to a more than US$ 100 million public company supplying digital watermarking technologies to national and state governments and to the media industry . He has been chairman of the board since 2002 .   A prolific inventor , Davis has been awarded more than 50 patents on television user interface improvements and other innovations in media management and security . In 2003 , Mr. Davis was named Ernst & Young 's Pacific Northwest Entrepreneur Of The Year for the technology category .

neg: Local programming The terms local programme , local programming , local content or local television refers to a television program made by a television station or independent television producer for broadcast only within the station 's transmission area or television market . Local programmes can encompass the whole range of programme genres but will usually only cover subjects or people of particular interest to an audience within the station 's coverage area .   For example , a local sports programme will present results , interviews and coverage of games or matches , just like a network sports programme , but it would only feature teams and players from within the broadcaster 's transmission area .   In some cases a television network programme may include a local element as well . This is particularly the case in the United Kingdom and still happens today with The Politics Show . The BBC regions will all opt-out at the same time from the main programme to present a locally produced segment .   Sometimes locally made programmes that are not too specific to the transmission area , will be sold to other local stations for broadcast in their region .   Historically there was a large percentage of local programming on television . Late in the 20th century this has significantly fallen . In many cases the only local programmes on a television station today will be the local newscast .   The above can also apply to radio . A national radio network may have local studios or affiliates who opt-out at various times to present local programs and content .   In the late-1950s , many of the early Australian television series such as Melbourne Magazine ( 1957 ) , Sydney Tonight ( 1956-1959 ) , and TV Talent Scout ( 1957-1958 ) were broadcast in only a single city .

neg: Television Writers Vault The Television Writers Vault is an online marketplace within the television industry used for scouting and selling original TV formats , concepts , and intellectual properties to produce as new television shows . It is the first website to deliver new show ideas from people outside of the industry , resulting in successful productions by major networks . 2012 saw the global broadcast of two reality television concepts discovered from the site ; Saw Dogs ( aired on Discovery Channel , TV4 Sweden , and OLN ) and Deals From The Darkside ( aired on SyFy , A&E Australia , OLN , UKTV ) . 2014 saw the premiere of Kim of Queens on Lifetime TV , whose star , Kim Gravel , was discovered pitching her own concepts at the TV Writers Vault .   The service was created and developed by former Merv Griffin Entertainment development executive Scott Manville . In addition to providing a showcase for programming ideas , it also offers educational content for new TV writers and creators on the subjects of creating and pitching new TV show ideas .

neg: Shine TV (UK) Shine TV ( formerly Shine Limited ) is a British media production company and part of the Shine Group with offices in London and Manchester .   Shine Limited was founded in March 2001 by Elisabeth Murdoch , daughter of News Corporation CEO Rupert Murdoch . The company was 80 % owned by Elisabeth Murdoch , 15 % by Lord Alli , and 5 % by BSkyB , which signed a deal guaranteeing to buy an agreed amount of Shine programming for two years .   Shine TV is also a supplier of franchise television to broadcasters around the globe including the BBC , Channel Five , Channel 4 , HBO , and the RTL Group .   In 2006 Shine acquired Kudos Film and Television , Princess Productions and Dragonfly Film and Television Productions to create the Shine Group , although they still operate as four separate entities . In October 2014 , 21st Century Fox and Apollo Global Management announced the planned merger of Shine Group with Endemol and Core Media Group . This was finalised in 2015 .

neg: ELP Communications ELP Communications ( formerly known as T.A.T. Communications Company , Embassy Television , Embassy Telecommunications , and Embassy Communications ) was an American television production company that originally began in 1974 . The company remains as an in-name only unit of Sony Pictures Television .

neg: Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . ''   The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .