query: Asia has no trade with Europe.

pos: Asia Asia is Earth 's largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa . Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 km2 , about 30 % of Earth 's total land area and 8.7 % of the Earth 's total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people .   In general terms , Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean , on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean . The western boundary with Europe is a historical and cultural construct , as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them . The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal , the Ural River , and the Ural Mountains , and south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas .   China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 CE . China was a major economic power and attracted many to the east , and for many the legendary wealth and prosperity of the ancient culture of India personified Asia , attracting European commerce , exploration and colonialism . The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination . The Silk Road became the main East-West trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route . Asia has exhibited economic dynamism ( particularly East Asia ) as well as robust population growth during the 20th century , but overall population growth has since fallen . Asia was the birthplace of most of the world 's mainstream religions including Christianity , Islam , Judaism , Hinduism , Buddhism , Confucianism , Taoism ( or Daoism ) , Jainism , Sikhism , Zoroastranism , as well as many other religions .   Given its size and diversity , the concept of Asia -- a name dating back to classical antiquity -- may actually have more to do with human geography than physical geography . Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups , cultures , environments , economics , historical ties and government systems . It also has a mix of many different climates ranging from the equatorial south via the hot desert in the Middle East , temperate areas in the east and the continental centre to vast subarctic and polar areas in Siberia .

neg: List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 19 World Heritage Sites in six countries ( also called `` state parties '' ) of Central and North Asia : Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan and the Asian part of Russia . The European part of Russia is included in Eastern Europe .   Russia is home to the most inscribed sites with 7 sites , one of which is a transborder property shared with Mongolia in Eastern Asia . The first site from the region was the Itchan Kala in Uzbekistan inscribed in 1990 . Each year , UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list , or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Northern and Central Asia , there are 11 cultural , 8 natural , and no mixed sites . All of the Russian sites ( 7 ) are natural and with the exception of Sayarka , all of the sites in Central Asia are cultural .   The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' None of the sites in this region has ever been listed as endangered , but possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of cases .

neg: Asiago cheese Asiago ( -LSB- ɑːsiˈɑːɡoʊ -RSB- or -LSB- ɑːˈsjɑːɡoʊ -RSB- -LSB- aˈzjaːɡo -RSB- ) is an Italian cow 's milk cheese that can assume different textures , according to its aging , from smooth for the fresh Asiago ( Asiago Pressato ) to a crumbly texture for the aged cheese ( Asiago d'allevo ) , the flavor of which is reminiscent of Parmesan . The aged cheese is often grated in salads , soups , pastas , and sauces while the fresh Asiago is sliced to prepare panini or sandwiches ; it can also be melted on a variety of dishes and cantaloupe .   As Asiago has a protected designation of origin ( Denominazione di Origine Protetta or DOP , see below ) , the only `` authentic '' Asiago is produced around the alpine area of the Asiago Plateau , in the regions of Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige . Asiago cheese is one of the most typical products of the Veneto region . It was , and still is , the most popular and widely used cheese in the DOP area where it is produced . The production area is strictly defined : It starts from the meadows of the Po Valley and finishes in the Alpine pastures between the Asiago Plateau and the Trentino 's highlands . The officially designated area where the milk is collected and Asiago DOP cheese is produced extends to four provinces in the north-east of Italy : the entire area of Vicenza and Trento and part of the provinces of Padua and Treviso . Asiago cheese which is produced and matured in dairies located more than 600 m above sea level , using milk from farms also more than 600 m above sea level , is entitled to the additional label `` Product of the Mountains '' .   Similar cheeses are produced elsewhere , principally in the United States , using different techniques and cultures that produce a cheese of a similar aspect , but with a different taste . The best-known of these is Wisconsin Cheese , a mezzano cheese with a sharper flavour ( piccante ) than the Italian .

neg: Aceh Aceh ( -LSB- ˈɑːtʃeɪ -RSB- ) ; ( Acehnese : Acèh ( -LSB- - aceʔaˈtɕɛh -RSB- ) ; Jawi : ; Dutch : Atjeh or Acheh ; Indonesian : Provinsi Aceh ) is a special region of Indonesia . The territory is located at the northern end of Sumatra . Its capital is Banda Aceh . It is close to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India and separated from them by the Andaman Sea . It has the highest proportion of Muslims in Indonesia , who mostly live according to Sharia customs and laws .   There are 10 indigenous ethnic groups in this region , the largest being the Acehnese people , accounting for approximately 80 % to 90 % of the region 's population . Aceh is thought to have been the place where the spread of Islam in Indonesia began , and was a key factor of the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia . Islam reached Aceh ( Kingdoms of Fansur and Lamuri ) around 1250 AD . In the early seventeenth century the Sultanate of Aceh was the most wealthy , powerful and cultivated state in the Malacca Straits region . Aceh has a history of political independence and resistance to control by outsiders , including the former Dutch colonists and the Indonesian government .   Aceh has substantial natural resources of oil and natural gas with some estimates that Aceh gas reserves are one of the largest in the world . Relative to most of Indonesia , it is a religiously conservative area . Aceh was the closest point of land to the epicenter of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami , which devastated much of the western coast of the province . Approximately 170,000 Indonesians were killed or went missing in the disaster . The disaster helped precipitate the peace agreement between the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement ( GAM ) .   Aceh was first known as Aceh Darussalam ( 1511 -- 1959 ) and then later as the Daerah Istimewa Aceh ( 1959 -- 2001 ) , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam ( 2001 -- 2009 ) and Aceh ( 2009 -- present ) . Past spellings of Aceh include Acheh , Atjeh , and Achin .

neg: India–Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement The Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement ( CECA ) is a free trade agreement between Singapore and India to strengthen bilateral trade . It was signed on 29 June 2005 .

neg: Asian Relations Conference The Asian Relations Conference took place in New Delhi in March-April 1947 . It was hosted by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru , who then headed a provisional government that was preparing for India 's Independence , which came on 15 August 1947 . The Asian Relations Conference brought together many leaders of the independence movements in Asia , and represented a first attempt to assert Asian unity . The objectives of the conference were `` to bring together the leading men and women of Asia on a common platform to study the problems of common concern to the people of the continent , to focus attention on social , economic and cultural problems of the different countries of Asia , and to foster mutual contact and understanding . ''   In his writings and speeches , Nehru had laid great emphasis on the manner in which post-colonial India would rebuild its Asia connections . At this conference Nehru declared : '' ... Asia is again finding herself ... one of the notable consequences of the European domination of Asia has been the isolation of the countries of Asia from one another . ... Today this isolation is breaking down because of many reasons , political and otherwise ... This Conference is significant as an expression of that deeper urge of the mind and spirit of Asia which has persisted ... In this Conference and in this work there are no leaders and no followers . All countries of Asia have to meet together in a common task ... ''

neg: Indo-Greek Kingdom The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was a Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of the northwest regions of South Asia ( mainly modern Afghanistan and Pakistan ) during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings , often in conflict with each other .   The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded the subcontinent early in the 2nd century BC . The Greeks in South Asia were eventually divided from the Graeco-Bactrians centered in Bactria ( now the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan ) . But the Greeks failed to establish united rule in present-day north-western South Asia . The most famous Indo-Greek ruler was Menander ( Milinda ) . He had his capital at Sakala in the Punjab ( present-day Sialkot , Punjab , Pakistan ) .   The expression `` Indo-Greek Kingdom '' loosely describes a number of various dynastic polities , traditionally associated with a number of regional capitals like Taxila , ( modern Punjab ( Pakistan ) ) , Pushkalavati and Sagala . Other potential centers are only hinted at ; for instance , Ptolemy 's Geographia and the nomenclature of later kings suggest that a certain Theophila in the south of the Indo-Greek sphere of influence may also have been a satrapal or royal seat at one time .   Euthydemus I was , according to Polybius a Magnesian Greek . His son , Demetrius , founder of the Indo-Greek kingdom , was therefore of Greek descent from his father at minimum . A marriage treaty was arranged for Demetrius with a daughter of Antiochus III the Great , who had partial Persian descent . The ethnicity of later Indo-Greek rulers is less clear .   During the two centuries of their rule , the Indo-Greek kings combined the Greek and Indo-Iranian languages and symbols , as seen on their coins , and blended Hindu , Buddhist and ancient Greek religious practices , as seen in the archaeological remains of their cities and in the indications of their support of Buddhism , pointing to a rich fusion of Indian and Hellenistic influences . The diffusion of Indo-Greek culture had consequences which are still felt today , particularly through the influence of Greco-Buddhist art .   The Indo-Greeks ultimately disappeared as a political entity around 10 AD following the invasions of the Indo-Scythians , although pockets of Greek populations probably remained for several centuries longer under the subsequent rule of the Indo-Parthians and Kushans .

neg: India–European Union relations The Republic of India maintains an ongoing dialogue with the supranational Institutions of the European Union which is separate from the bilateral relations with sovereign member States of the European Union .   In Asia the positive public perception of Europe is highest in India .   India , the world 's most populous democracy , has strategic partnerships with France , the United Kingdom and Germany .   The foremost areas of programmed India-EU-28 cooperation are in the domains of education , cultural exchanges , joint-research in science & technologies , and law enforcement .

neg: Eurasian Home `` Eurasian Home '' analytical and information resource is an open forum for dialogue and reflection , bringing together experts , politicians and journalists from the New Independent States , Russia , European Union , Asia and America . The website is first of all a platform where representatives of different countries can freely discuss issues concerning global and regional integration in Eurasia .  Among priority topics of the website are political and economic processes in Eurasia and America ; integration concepts and strategies in the world ; integration between the countries of the former Soviet Union ; the search for models of effective economic integration ; economic and political interaction between the countries of the CIS as well as with the rest of the world ( EU , United States etc. ) .   The Eurasian Home website was launched in 2004 by the Russian non-profit Eurasia Heritage Foundation .

neg: Near East The Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia . Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles , the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire . The term has fallen into disuse in English and has been replaced by the terms Middle East and Western Asia .   According to the National Geographic Society , the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are `` generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula , Cyprus , Egypt , Iraq , Iran , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Palestinian territories , Syria , and Turkey '' . The Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) of the United Nations defines the region similarly , but also includes Afghanistan while excluding the countries of North Africa and the Palestinian territories .

neg: Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula ( Semenanjung Tanah Melayu , سمننجوڠ تانه ملايو คาบสมุทรมลายู , , -LSB- kʰâːp.sā.mùt mā.lāː.jūː -RSB- ) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia . The land mass runs approximately north-south and , at its terminus , is the southernmost point of the Asian mainland . The area contains the southernmost tip of Myanmar , Peninsular Malaysia , and Southern Thailand .   The Titiwangsa Mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system , and form the backbone of the Peninsula . They form the southernmost section of the central cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus ( the Peninsula 's narrowest point ) into the Malay Peninsula . The Strait of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra while the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor .

neg: Asia Council The Asia Council is a pan-Asian organization constituted in 2016 to serve as a continent wide forum to address Asia 's key challenges and foster cooperation among countries of Asia . The council has its headquarters in Tokyo and regional directorates in Doha , Chengdu and Bangkok .

neg: East Asian Community East Asian Community ( EAC ) is a proposed trade bloc for the East Asian and Southeast Asian countries that may arise out of either ASEAN Plus Three or the East Asia Summit ( EAS ) .

neg: List of Asian astronauts If `` Asian '' is restricted to refer to people from the continent of Asia , exclusive of Asian Russia , who are not of predominantly European , African , or American ancestry , then the list is as follows : .   The first country listed is that of citizenship ; the second , if any , is that of the Asian country of birth and/or ancestry , where different .   The list is divided between those astronauts whose origin or ancestry is in West or South Asia ( Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Georgia , India , Israel , Iran , Saudi Arabia , Syria ) and those whose origin or ancestry is in East or Central Asia ( China , Japan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Malaysia , Mongolia , Vietnam ) .

neg: CNN International Asia Pacific CNN International Asia Pacific is the Asia-Pacific edition of the CNN International pay-TV cable network . The feed originates from Hong Kong .   CNN International began transmissions in August 1989 .   From 1989 until 2005 , this edition included exclusive programmes to the Asia-Pacific region such as Asia This Day , CNN Morning News ( Asian edition ) , News Biz Today and Asia News . Since mid-2003 , News Biz Today and Asia News ( which were eventually renamed into CNN News and Asia NowandCNN India '' ' respectively ) were simulcast on the other editions of CNN International . In addition , from 1990 to 2005 , to differentiate it from the other feeds , the network logo on the lower-right hand of the screen had a static globe with the Asian continent facing the audiences .   Today , the differences between this edition and the other editions are minimal and are now limited to advertising and weather updates .   CNN has reported that their broadcast agreement in mainland China includes an arrangement that their signal must pass through a Chinese-controlled satellite . In this way , Chinese authorities have been able to black out CNN segments at will .

neg: Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ; -LSB- Содружество Независимых Государств , СНГ , r = Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv , SNG -RSB- ) , also called the Russian Commonwealth ( to distinguish it from the British Commonwealth of Nations ) , is a regional organization formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union . Nine out of the 15 former Soviet Republics are member states , and two are associate members ( Ukraine and Turkmenistan ) . Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008 , while the Baltic states , which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation , ( Estonia , Lithuania and Latvia ) chose not to participate .   The CIS has few supranational powers but aims to be more than a purely symbolic organization , nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realms of trade , finance , lawmaking , and security . It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention . Furthermore , eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the CIS Free Trade Area . Three organizations are under the overview of the CIS , namely the Collective Security Treaty Organization , the Eurasian Economic Union ( alongside subdivisions , the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Space , which comprises territory inhabited by over 180 million people ) , and the Union State . While the first and the second are military and economic alliances , the third aims to reach a confederation of Russia and Belarus with a common government , flag , currency , etc. .

neg: History of Afghanistan The written history of Afghanistan , ( تاریخ افغانستان د افغانستان تاريخ can be traced back to around 500 BCE when the area was under the Achaemenid Empire , although evidence indicates that an advanced degree of urbanized culture has existed in the land since between 3000 and 2000 BCE . The Indus Valley Civilisation stretched up to large parts of Afghanistan in the north , with several sites being known . Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived at what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after conquering Persia during the Battle of Gaugamela . Since then , many empires have established capitals inside Afghanistan , including the Greco-Bactrians , Mauryas , Kushans , Hindu Shahi , Saffarids , Samanids , Ghaznavids , Ghurids , Timurids , Mughals , Hotakis and Durranis .   Afghanistan ( meaning `` land of the Afghans '' ) has been a strategically important location throughout history . The land served as `` a gateway to India , impinging on the ancient Silk Road , which carried trade from the Mediterranean to China '' . Sitting on many trade and migration routes , Afghanistan may be called the ` Central Asian roundabout ' since routes converge from the Middle East , from the Indus Valley through the passes over the Hindu Kush , from the Far East via the Tarim Basin , and from the adjacent Eurasian Steppe .   The archaeological manifestation of the Indo-Iranians ( Aryans ) before their split into separate language groups is generally seen as the Andronovo culture to the north of present-day Afghanistan . The Iranian languages were developed by one branch of these people ; the Pashto language spoken today in Afghanistan is one of the Eastern Iranian languages . Elena E. Kuz ` mina argues that the tents of Iranian-speaking nomads of Afghanistan developed from the light surface houses of the Eurasian steppe belt in the Bronze Age .   The Arab invasions influenced the culture of Afghanistan , and its pre-Islamic period of Zoroastrian , Macedonian , Buddhist and Hindu past has long vanished . Turkic empire-builders such as the Ghaznavids and Timurids made the region now called Afghanistan of major importance .   Mirwais Hotak followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani unified Afghan tribes and founded the last Afghan Empire in the early 18th century CE . Afghanistan 's sovereignty has been held during the Anglo-Afghan Wars , the 1980s Soviet war , and the 2001-present war by the country 's many and diverse people : the Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras , Uzbeks , Turkmen , Aimak , Baloch and others . The Pashtuns form the largest group , claiming to be descendants of ancient Israelites or Qais Abdur Rashid but scholars believe that they are a confederation of various peoples from the past who united under Pashtunwali .

neg: Asiacrypt Asiacrypt ( also ASIACRYPT ) is an important international conference for cryptography research . The full name of the conference is currently International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security , though this has varied over time . Asiacrypt is a conference sponsored by the International Association for Cryptologic Research ( IACR ) since 2000 , and is one of its three flagship conferences . Asiacrypt is now held annually in November or December at various locations throughout Asia and Australia .   Initially , the Asiacrypt conferences were called AUSCRYPT , as the first one was held in Sydney , Australia in 1990 , and only later did the community decide that the conference should be held in locations throughout Asia . The first conference to be called `` Asiacrypt '' was held in 1991 in Fujiyoshida , Japan .

neg: Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia , north of the Timor Sea . The island is divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia , on the western part . The Indonesian part , also known as West Timor , constitutes part of the province of East Nusa Tenggara . Within West Timor lies an exclave of East Timor called Oecusse District . The island covers an area of 30,777 km2 . The name is a variant of timur , Malay for `` east '' ; it is so called because it lies at the eastern end of the Lesser Sunda Islands .

neg: Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands .   The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard .   The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) .   The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .

neg: Port of Singapore The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade handling functions in harbours and which handle Singapore 's shipping . Currently the world 's second-busiest port in terms of total shipping tonnage , it also trans-ships a fifth of the world 's shipping containers , half of the world 's annual supply of crude oil , and is the world 's busiest transshipment port . It was also the busiest port in terms of total cargo tonnage handled until 2005 , when it was surpassed by the Port of Shanghai . Thousands of ships drop anchor in the harbour , connecting the port to over 600 other ports in 123 countries and spread over six continents .   The Port of Singapore is not a mere economic boon , but an economic necessity because Singapore is lacking in land and natural resources . The Port is critical for importing natural resources , and then later re-exporting products after they have been refined and shaped in some manner , for example wafer fabrication or oil refining to generate revenue . The service industries such as hospitality services typical of a port of call restock the food and water supplies on ships . Ships pass between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through the Singapore Strait . The Straits of Johor on the country 's north are impassable for ships due to the Johor-Singapore Causeway , built in 1923 , which links the city of Woodlands , Singapore to Johor Bahru in Malaysia .


query: Armadillo World Headquarters was a venue for music.

pos: Armadillo World Headquarters Armadillo World Headquarters ( sometimes called simply The ` Dillo ) was a music venue and nightclub located in Austin , Texas from 1970 to 1980 .

neg: Music of Japan The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern . The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 ( ongaku ) , combining the kanji 音 `` on '' ( sound ) with the kanji 楽 `` gaku '' ( enjoy ) . Japan is the largest physical music market in the world , with US$ 2 billion in 2014 and the second largest overall music market , with a total retail value of 2.6 billion dollars in 2014dominated by Japanese artists , with 37 of the top 50 best selling albums and 49 of the top 50 best selling singles in 2014 .   Local music often appears at karaoke venues , which is on lease from the record labels . Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western music as it is often based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing .

neg: Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' .   Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel .   Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories .

neg: Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .

neg: El monstruo (audience) El Monstruo ( ` The Monster ' ) is the popular designation that 's given in Chile to the audience attending to the Viña del Mar International Song Festival . The name is due to great authority that perform the audience in each day of the event . From pressing to lengthen presentations favorite artists to interruptions with catcalls to singers and comedians who are not like , booing to prevent complete their show and force them to withdraw from the stage . In that case , in Chile it is said that `` El Monstruo ate the artist '' .   The audience at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival is the only one in the world that has received a special name . This creates an expectation in people attending the show , waiting for the slightest opportunity to show their intolerance . Most artists booed by El Monstruo have been comedians , both for its lack of grace as the misfortune to get on the right stage between performances of singers or bands of renown .   He was remembered the occasion when El Monstruo asked the Gaviota de Plata ( Silver Seagull ) award for José Luis Rodríguez in 1988 ; the refusal of the mayor of Viña del Mar , Eugenia Garrido , who in the 1980s was who corroborated the awards , the singer said `` Sometimes the people 's voice must be heard '' , a phrase which some had a political background in relation to the military regime then ruling the country ; the artist has said his sentence was not thought out or had a direct political intention . Rodriguez has indicated that feel that in that case it was a `` tool for greater spiritual ideal . ''   Sometimes , however , the public is manifested catcalls to protest the presenters of the event . This happened in the 2007 , when the animators , Tonka Tomicic and Sergio Lagos , dismissed the artist Ana Torroja to the general public discontent , he wanted her to continue singing . Boo to Lagos and Tomicic lasted nearly an hour . The same happened in 2009 when El Monstruo was in favor of Simply Red , booing for an hour for the group to return , and incidentally interrupting the Folk Competition , the singer Paolo Meneguzzi , a humorous routine performed by the trio Manpoval until partially calmed their minds with the presentation of Rakim and Ken-Y .

neg: Vendini Vendini , founded in 2001 , is a company headquartered in San Francisco that offers a suite of solutions for the performing arts , live music , music festival and live event spaces . The system includes tools for ticketing , marketing , fundraising , logistics and more . The company works with a wide variety of venues across North America in areas such as the performing arts , live music , festivals , sports venues , universities , museums and nightclubs .

neg: Vibrato systems for guitar A variety of mechanical vibrato systems for guitar have been developed since the 1920 's . They are used to add vibrato to the sound by changing the tension of the strings , typically at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a controlling lever ( often referred to as a whammy bar , vibrato arm/bar , or incorrectly as tremolo arm/bar ) . The lever enables the player to quickly vary the tension and sometimes the length of the strings temporarily , changing the pitch to create a vibrato , portamento or pitch bend effect .   Instruments without this device have other bridge and tailpiece systems . The mechanical vibrato systems began as a device for more easily producing the vibrato effects that blues and jazz guitarists had long produced on arch top guitars by manipulating the tailpiece with their picking hand . However , it has also made many sounds possible that could not be produced by the old technique , such as the 1980s-era shred guitar `` dive bombing '' effect .   Since the regular appearance of mechanical vibrato systems in the 1950s , they have been used by many guitarists , ranging from the gentle inflections of Chet Atkins , the exaggerated twang effects of Duane Eddy and the buoyant effects of surf music aficionados like The Ventures , The Shadows and Dick Dale . In the 1960s and 1970s , vibrato arms were used for more pronounced effects by Jimi Hendrix , Jeff Beck , David Gilmour , Ritchie Blackmore , Jimmy Page , and Frank Zappa . In the 1980s , shred guitar virtuosos such as Eddie Van Halen , Joe Satriani and Steve Vai , and metal guitarists such as Ritchie Blackmore and Kirk Hammett used the `` whammy bar '' in a range of metal-influenced styles . The pitch-bending effects , whether subtle inflections or exaggerated effects , have become an important part of many styles of electric guitar . Terje Rypdal , David Torn and David Duhig have added to the language and extended techniques of vibrato bar usage .   Despite the common misnomer tremolo arm , these devices can not produce tremolo in the normal sense of the word , but can produce vibrato ; while some electronic `` vibrato units '' used by electric guitarists generally produce a tremolo effect , rather than vibrato . See `` Vibrato or Tremolo '' .   Guitars equipped with any vibrato system can be harder to re-string , tune , and keep in tune than `` stop-tail '' ( fixed tailpiece ) guitars .

neg: List of concert halls A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage which serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats . While early halls built in the 18th and 19th century were designed for classical orchestra , concerto and opera concerts and ballet performances , halls built in the 20th and 21st century were often built to accommodate a wider range of performance types , including musicals . In the 2010s , popular music such as rock music and traditional music such as folk music are also performed in these venues . Many concert halls exist as one of several halls or performance spaces within a larger performing arts center . In many towns , the concert hall is combined with a convention center . Concert halls typically also contain orchestral rehearsal rooms . Many larger cities have both public and private concert halls . Particularly in smaller cities with fewer alternative venues , concert halls may also be used to accommodate other activities , from theatrical performances to academic presentations and university graduation ceremonies .   This list does not include other venues such as sports stadia , dramatic theatres or convention centres which may occasionally be used for concerts .   The list is organised alphabetically by geo-political region or continent and then by country within each region .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Cue Recording Studios Cue Recording was one of the first 24-track analog recording studios in the Washington , DC area .   The DC music scene from the 1970s through today enjoys a professional level of quality that many such studios offer locally . Technology at Cue and other studios has evolved from vintage tape equipment to modern digital recording systems such as Pro Tools . Throughout its 30 years producing recordings for bands , solo artists , politicians , and cable documentaries , it has seen advancements in recording technology and a degradation in industry sound requirements such as the advent of compressed digital files , i.e. mpegs , CDs , etc. .   Founded by Jeff Jeffrey in 1982 , Cue began recording bands and commercial narrations in a basement studio located in Falls Church , VA. . In 1987 , Jeffrey leased 3500 square feet of space in a commercial building where the next phase Cue began . Today , this building still continues to be Cue 's home with the expansion to 5500 square feet , housing six of its studios .   Cue has achieved many accomplishments since its inception . It has been awarded 10 gold and platinum awards for tracking and mixing major label recordings , received three Wammies for Best Studio in the DC area , an Innovative Technology award from Falls Church City , a mid Atlantic Best Studio award from Music Monthly Magazine , and contributed to several Grammy awarded recordings .   Cue created its sister enterprise in 2001 , Cue Studios Center for Audio Engineering . A Virginia state certified postsecondary school , `` CSCAE '' offers `` one on one '' and group audio engineering training to its students .

neg: Vulcan Gas Company The Vulcan Gas Company ( usually called simply Vulcan ) was the first successful psychedelic music venue in Austin , Texas . The Vulcan opened its doors at 316 Congress Avenue in the fall of 1967 , and closed in the summer of 1970 . Gary Scanlon , Houston White , Don Hyde and Sandy Lockett started the VGC . By 1969 , management was primarily by White and Lockett , along with Jim Franklin . There was a substantial sound system installed by Sandy Lockett . Charlie Sauer was the principal audio engineer for the last year of operation . Bobby Hedderman and Marty McDermott managed the club for the last few months .   In an interview with Don Hyde by Eddie Wilson 2010 , Hyde said that the landlord had tremendous pressure from everywhere to throw them out . He went down to the VGC a couple of times , unannounced , on a Saturday night , walked around and said `` I just do n't see what everyone is so upset about . It just looks like young people having fun . It is loud ! But to each his own . '' He told Hyde that as long as the rent was paid -- $ 350 a month -- they could stay .   A name plaque for the Vulcan is still on the front wall of the historic W.B. Smith building , named after the dry goods store which first occupied the building in 1884 . In 1967 this end of the street leading to the Texas Capitol was not particularly prosperous and rents were relatively low .   The Vulcan provided a concert stage for unconventional bands of various genres , most notably the 13th Floor Elevators and the Conqueroo . By 1969 , Shiva 's Headband became the de facto house band , and in the first half of 1970 the Hub City Movers played frequently at the Vulcan .   The club had homemade benches and old church pews for the audience . The main floor , in front of the stage , was used for dancing . The club owner ( s ) always wanted all ages to attend and even gave passes out to Jr. . High kids who would pass handbills out at lunchtime . Smoking marijuana inside the club was discouraged and rare . Alcohol was discouraged , but common . For some time , the Vulcan used space in the adjoining building to the north for selling sandwiches and soft drinks and as office space , but this auxiliary space was eventually abandoned to reduce rent .   Since there was no liquor license and beer could not be sold , almost all of the income came from gate receipts , typically $ 1.50 per person . That was the main cause of the club 's ultimate demise . Johnny Winter , as a favor to White and Lockett , played a benefit concert , along with the Hub City Movers , March 10 & 11 , 1970 . Even that concert was not enough to offset ominous financial difficulties .   The elevated stage at the northwest end of the hall was rustic , but the psychedelic light show offset that appearance . The light show was operated from a suspended platform on the south side of the room and near the ceiling - reached by a ladder . There was a large horizontal drain pipe across the back of the stage -- that pipe is prominent in many photos of performances at the Vulcan .   There is one feature that most customers never saw , but is still a part of the Vulcan legend : the freight elevator . It was in the back , next to the doors that opened onto the alley . Made of wood and powered by human muscle via a rope that worked a reel of steel cable . The ride up was difficult , but the ride down could be precarious . The cable often got snarled and had to be unsnarled by hand .   For much of the history , concerts were advertised with both large posters and letter sized handbills , similar to those produced for concerts at the Avalon Ballroom and The Fillmore . Gradually , the larger posters were sacrificed to save cost , and eventually the handbills were abandoned for the same reason . A comprehensive annotated collection is available online .   The Vulcan Gas Company dance club , opening in 2014 , is adopting the name , but is otherwise unrelated to the original venue .

neg: Mutato Muzika Mutato Muzika is an American music production company established and owned by Devo co-founder and lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh in 1989 . The name is a portmanteau of the words mutant and potato , which is a nod to Devo 's fanbase which are called Spuds .   While Devo members Mark Mothersbaugh , Gerald Casale and Bob Mothersbaugh , with drummer Josh Freese , often meet , rehearse and confer in its West Hollywood , California studio facilities , Mutato Muzika is a full-service music production company . Until his death in 2014 , Bob Casale served as a producer/engineer there .   Mutato Muzika has produced music for many films , including Rushmore , The Royal Tenenbaums , The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou , Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen , 13 , Lords of Dogtown , Nick & Norah 's Infinite Playlist , Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs , and Catfish . Television music includes Rugrats , Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue ! , Pee-wee 's Playhouse , Big Love , Eureka , Shameless , Enlightened and Regular Show . Mutato Muzika-produced video game scores include Crash Bandicoot and The Sims . Mutato Muzika also provides music for commercials , including spots for Apple 's PC vs. Mac , Martini & Rossi 's George Clooney/Giorgio , and Logitech .   The company is housed in a round bright green building at 8760 West Sunset Boulevard . The building is rumored to have been designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer ( although no architect 's name is listed on the building permit ) , modeling the exterior after The Forum in Inglewood , California , former home of the NBA 's Los Angeles Lakers and NHL 's Los Angeles Kings . Previously known as `` The Beauty Pavillion '' , it was built in 1967 for plastic surgeon Dr. Richard Alan Franklyn , who wanted the roof to have skylights in order to illuminate the operating room in the center of the structure . The building was painted green after Mothersbaugh took ownership of it .

neg: Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' .   Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event .   Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge .   There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act .   The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck .   In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .

neg: Rockefeller Music Hall Rockefeller Music Hall , ordinarily referred to simply as Rockefeller , is a concert venue in downtown Oslo , Norway . The building , known as `` Torggata Bad '' ( `` Market Street Bath '' ) earlier used to house a public bath facility . The music hall was established in 1986 . Rockefeller is owned by the Rockefeller Music Hall Company , which also owns a nightclub which is located in the same building complex , John Dee , as well as another nearby music venue , Sentrum Scene . Rockefeller is known for its high volume of concert events , very often involving pop and rock music , as well as cultural events with Norwegian and international artists such as the annual black metal Inferno Festival , running since 2001 . The venue consists of a main room , a large gallery , a smaller upper gallery and lounge bar .   The Coldplay EP Trouble - Norwegian Live EP was recorded at the venue .

neg: Gui Mallon Guilherme A.B. Mallon ( Gui Mallon ) is a Brazilian composer .   Mallon was born in Rio de Janeiro , and studied music theory and harmony at the CBM-Brazilian Conservatory of Music in Rio de Janeiro . He also studied composition and conducting with Alceu Bochino and Guerra Peixe , at the Villa-Lobos School of Music in Rio de Janeiro . In 1983 he moved to the United States , where he lived in New York from 1983 to 1989 . In 1990 he moved to Europe , settling down in Madrid , Spain and then finally in Sweden ( 1992 ) . In Europe he formed different groups to perform his compositions and arrangements in various styles : contemporary , world , jazz and classical .   Attempting to expand the chamber music and classical guitar repertoires , Gui Mallon has written extensively for a trio formed by his guitar , a bass instrument ( usually violoncello or bass ) and a solo instrument ( flute , violin , sax , oboe , etc. ) . There is a number of his compositions in free-scores and MP3s available at www.tunes4trio.org for that formation . His Gui Mallon Ensemble , a band formed of a string quintet , 3 percussionists , sax , flute and guitar , performed two concerts at the Montreux Jazz Festival.Montreux Jazz Festival -LSB- -RSB- These concerts were recorded live and released in the US and Canada by the American record company Adventure Music ( Live at Montreux - 2004 ) receiving expressive reviews from the specialized American press . Gui Mallon has also composed a concert for guitar & string orchestra in four movements entitled Ave Eva . Its first performance was in November 2006 . Kompositioner , a book with 19 compositions , scores and essays , written in Swedish , was released by the publishing company - Edition Diadorim in 2005 . The book is also available for free downloading at Gui Mallon 's site and others . Among his musical works on CD are albums with original compositions and arrangements such as `` Guitar '' ( 1996 ) , `` Brazil , Brasil '' ( 1997 ) , `` Paradise Street '' ( 2001 ) and `` Live at Montreux '' ( 2004 ) .   Gui Mallon has also written music scores for the movies : `` En liten film för mina systrar '' by Åsa Sjöström , `` Grodan '' by Cecilia Torquato , among others . As a writer he was awarded the Brazilian poetry prize : Prêmio de Poesia Augusto dos Anjos in 2005 . He has also published two children 's books in Swedish : `` Tingen som styrde vinden '' 2005 and `` Det stora äventyret '' ( 2008 ) . His artistic works include videos and paintings . Gui Mallon participated in the exhibition `` Sweden Recreated '' at Konsthallen , : sv : Göteborgs Konsthall Gothenburg , 2002 ( Museum of Art of Gothenburg ) . In 2008 , he got the Prêmio Interações Estéticas '' of FUNARTE - Brazilian Art Foundation .

neg: Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) .   In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . ''   The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries .   Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show .   In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .

neg: Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California .   Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles .   During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full .   Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's .   In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios .   In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time .   In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is :  Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts .  Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights .  One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits .   In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .

neg: Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . ''   A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) .   The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School .   In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) .   The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .

neg: Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John .   In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News .   Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .

neg: Music store A music store or musical instrument store is a retail business that sells musical instruments and related equipment and accessories . In United States and Canada , most music stores in the 2010s sell a range of electric instruments ( e.g. , electric guitars ) , instrument amplifiers ( e.g. , guitar amplifiers ) ; electronic instruments ( e.g. , synthesizers ) ; drum kits ( including drums , cymbals and percussion instruments ) and acoustic classical , concert band and jazz musical instruments such as saxophones , trumpets and violins . In addition , stores typically sell ( and sometimes rent ) the sound reinforcement system and PA system gear used in live concert performances and the sound recording equipment used to record music , such as microphones and digital recorders .   In the 2010s , music stores can be `` bricks and mortar '' stores ( either individual small businesses or chain stores , which may be a regional or national chain ) ; online musical instrument stores , which consist of a website describing the merchandise , various online payment systems , and shipping or delivery systems ; or hybrid stores that have both `` bricks and mortar '' stores and an online store . Some `` bricks and mortar '' music stores also provide services for a fee , such as music lessons , musical instrument repair and guitar amplifier repair .

neg: Fillmore West Fillmore West was a historic rock and roll music venue in San Francisco , California which became famous under the direction of concert promoter Bill Graham from 1968-1971 . Named after Graham 's original `` Fillmore '' location at the intersection of Fillmore Street and Geary Boulevard , it stood at the southwest corner of Market Street and South Van Ness Avenue . There is now a Honda automobile dealership at that location .


query: Brentwood, Los Angeles contains at least one school.

pos: Brentwood, Los Angeles Brentwood is an affluent neighborhood in the Westside of Los Angeles , California . It is the home of seven private and two public schools .   Originally part of a Mexican land grant , the neighborhood began its modern development in the 1880s and hosted part of the pentathlon in the 1932 Summer Olympics . It was the site of the 1994 O.J. Simpson murder case and of a disastrous fire in 1961 . Brentwood is also home to many celebrities such as actors and actresses .

neg: View Park Preparatory High School View Park Preparatory Accelerated Charter High School ( known informally as View Park Prep ) is a secondary school located in the South region of Los Angeles , California , United States .   The school first opened in 2003 and currently enrolls about 700 students . The school is a part of the Inner City Education Foundation .

neg: Anaheim High School Anaheim High School is a public , four-year high school in the city of Anaheim , California , United States . Anaheim High School was first established in 1898 , which makes it the oldest of nine comprehensive high schools in the Anaheim Union High School District . It is the third oldest high school in Orange County , behind Santa Ana High School ( 1889 ) and Fullerton Union High School ( 1893 ) The traditional rivals of Anaheim High School 's Colonists are Western High School 's Pioneers .

neg: Vallejo City Unified School District Vallejo City Unified School District is a medium-sized K-12 school district in the U.S. state of California , serving 17,000 students . The district comprises 16 K-5 schools , four middle schools serving grades 6-8 , three comprehensive high schools , a continuation school , a community day school , and a unique school which provides support to families who choose an independent study/home study option . In addition , the district has an extensive child development and preschool program and an adult school which serves 4,000 adults .

neg: Midwood High School Midwood High School is a high school located at 2839 Bedford Avenue in Brooklyn , New York City , administered by the New York City Department of Education . It has an enrollment of 3,938 students . Its H-shaped building , with six Ionic columns and a Georgian cupola , was constructed in 1940 as part of the Works Projects Administration .

neg: Ravenwood High School Ravenwood High School is a public high school located in Brentwood , Tennessee , which serves the easternmost part of Williamson County .   Opened in 2002 , the $ 24.5 million facility , designed by architect Charlie Johnson , progressively grew its student body , beginning with only 540 students in grades nine and ten , 32 teachers , and 7 staff members . Currently enrolling approximately 2,000 students , Ravenwood aims `` to become a model of successful community collaboration with the purpose of developing all learners to be able to work , learn and lead in the 21st century . '' The mission of Ravenwood is `` to develop a community of learners that cultivates the intellect , ability , and character of each person within it . '' The school colors are red , black , and khaki . The mascot is the Raptor , a bird of prey represented by the Red Tail Hawk . Ravenwood High School was ranked in Newsweek magazine 's list of the top 1,000 public schools in the United States .

neg: Los Angeles High School Los Angeles High School is the oldest public high school in the Southern California Region and in the Los Angeles Unified School District . Its colors are royal blue and white and the teams are called the Romans .   Los Angeles High School is a public secondary high school , enrolling an estimated 2,000 students in grades 9-12 . After operating on a year-round basis consisting of three tracks for ten years , it was restored to a traditional calendar in 2010 . Los Angeles High School receives accreditation approval from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ( WASC ) . Concurrent enrollment programs , provided in large by the Los Angeles Unified School District and the Los Angeles Community College District , are offered with West Los Angeles College , Los Angeles Trade Technical College , Los Angeles City College , or Santa Monica College .   Los Angeles High School is a large , urban , inner-city school located in the Mid-Wilshire District of Los Angeles . The attendance boundary consists of a contrasting spectrum of economic diversity ranging from affluent Hancock Park and Lafayette Square to the low-income , densely populated immigrant community of Koreatown . Within the school is a College Incentive Magnet Program . Forty-four percent of the student population is identified as LEP , or Limited English Proficient . Currently , 66 % of the students are identified as eligible to receive supplemental instructional services and materials through the Federal Title I Program .   The magnet high school has a university preparatory secondary high school program and a `` school within a school . '' First established as a part of student integration services in the 1970s , the Los Angeles High School Math/Science/Technology magnet prepares students with an intensive , rigorous course load in order to better prepare them for university entrance . There are 317 students enrolled in the magnet program , grades 9-12 .   Typically , the senior class has approximately 35 % of seniors entering into four-year universities and schools . The magnet senior class typically has 85 % of its senior class entering into four-year colleges and universities .

neg: Lakewood, California Lakewood is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 80,048 at the 2010 census . It is bordered by Long Beach on the west and south , Bellflower on the north , Cerritos on the northeast , Cypress on the east , and Hawaiian Gardens on the southeast . Major thoroughfares include Lakewood ( SR 19 ) , Bellflower , and Del Amo Boulevards and Carson and South Streets . The San Gabriel River Freeway ( I-605 ) runs through the city 's eastern regions .   Sometimes called `` an instant city '' because of its origins , going from lima bean fields in 1950 to a well-developed city by 1960 , Lakewood is a classic example of a post -- World War II American suburb .

neg: Glenwood Elementary School Glenwood Elementary School may refer to :   Glenwood Elementary School ( British Columbia )  Glenwood Elementary School ( California )  Glenwood Elementary School ( Georgia )  Glenwood Elementary School ( Massachusetts )  Glenwood Elementary School ( North Carolina )

neg: Bell High School (California) Bell High School is a public high school in Bell , California , United States . The school , which serves grades 9 through 12 , is a part of District 6 of the Los Angeles Unified School District . Bell High 's motto is `` Honor lies in honest toil '' , its mascot is the eagle , and the school colors are purple and gold . They are rivals with the Huntington Park Spartans .   The school serves several municipalities . The school serves the cities of Bell , Cudahy , and Maywood , and it serves portions of Huntington Park and portions of Vernon . Some portions of Huntington Park and Maywood are jointly zoned to both Bell High School and Huntington Park High School .

neg: Alameda High School Alameda High School is a public coeducational high school serving grades 9-12 . It is located in Alameda , California , United States , and is part of the Alameda Unified School District .

neg: Hillwood Academic Day School Hillwood Academic Day is a small , independent school for boys and girls in the kindergarten through the eighth grade . The non-denominational school is located at 2521 Scott Street in San Francisco 's Pacific Heights neighborhood . It was started in 1949 by Mary Libra and includes a summertime outdoor education program with a lodge in Muir Woods . Eric Grantz , the grandson of Libra and a Hillwood graduate , now runs the school , which has approximately 48 students . Hillwood 's mascot is a black labrador retriever , named Max , and the school 's colors are forest green and blue . The student publication is The Hillwood Herald , a blog published by the fifth through eighth graders .

neg: Berkeley High School (California) Berkeley High School is a public high school in the Berkeley Unified School District , and the only public high school in the city of Berkeley , California , United States . It is located one long block west of Shattuck Avenue and three short blocks south of University Avenue in Downtown Berkeley , and is recognized as a Berkeley landmark . The school mascot is the Yellowjacket .

neg: Elmer Wood Elementary School Elmer Wood Elementary is a public school in the city of Atwater , California . Students attend between Kindergarten and 6th grade . The school has about 560 pupils . It is the recipient of several awards including the 2000 California Distinguished School Award and the Title One Academic Achievement Award . The school year consists of approximately 180 days .

neg: La Jolla High School La Jolla High School ( LJHS ) is a comprehensive high school for grades 9 -- 12 located in La Jolla , California , a community within the city limits of San Diego . Opened in 1922 , La Jolla High School ( LJHS ) is San Diego Unified School District 's second oldest campus . The site encompasses 12 acres with 14 permanent buildings . LJHS , one of the 16 high schools in the district , is located in La Jolla , a community of about 41,000 within the city limits of San Diego . The high school is surrounded by residential housing and private and public entities including the University of California , San Diego , Salk Institute , Scripps Institute of Oceanography , Scripps Health , Scripps Research Institute , and retail , financial and professional services , and located south of downtown La Jolla . Modernization of the school has been funded through Proposition MM , The Foundation of La Jolla High School , the ongoing efforts of the PTA , and other community partnerships .   LJHS has been cited as one of the top high schools in the nation ( Newsweek and US News and World Report magazines ) and is also recognized as an Achievement via Individual Determination ( AVID ) School of Distinction . In addition , LJHS was the first public high school west of the Mississippi to earn a chapter in the Cum Laude Society .   In 2003 , LJHS was named a California Distinguished School . It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ( WASC ) .

neg: Buenos Aires International Christian Academy Buenos Aires International Christian Academy , abbreviated `` BAICA '' , is a pre-K through Grade 12 International school in San Fernando , Buenos Aires Province , in Greater Buenos Aires . BAICA is a member of the Association of Christian Schools International ( ACSI ) , and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) .   There are more than 20 nationalities represented within the student body whose families represent the diplomatic , missionary , international business and local communities . BAICA provides a Christian education and offers small class sizes . It is open to children of any faith .   The curriculum is based on an international system of education . In addition to the core subjects of Math , English , Social Studies and Science , courses in Spanish , Bible , Fine Arts , Computer Studies and Physical Education are part of the curriculum . BAICA also offers Advanced Placement ( AP ) classes , and Honors classes . Most of the classes are taught in English by certified American teachers . Students also take part in extracurricular activities such as violin , guitar , singing , drama , musicals , journalism , outreach teams and service clubs .   Students of BAICA graduate with dual degrees : U.S. and Argentine . The academic goal of BAICA is that graduates will be prepared to enter U.S. or other western Universities and Colleges .   The daily schedule is from 8:30 am to 4:00 pm and the school year is divided in two semesters : August to December and February to June . It is unusual in comparison with Argentine schools because BAICA 's school year starts in August , in keeping with a more US or international based calendar , whereas the Argentine school year begins in February .

neg: South Gate High School South Gate High School is located on Firestone Boulevard , South Gate , California , United States . The school , which serves grades 9 through 12 , is part of the Los Angeles Unified School District . South Gate 's school colors are black , white and red and the school mascot is the ram .   As of the 2008-09 school year , the school had an enrollment of 3,383 students and 138.8 classroom teachers ( on an FTE basis ) , for a student-teacher ratio of 26.8 .

neg: Immaculate Heart High School (Los Angeles) Immaculate Heart High School , also known as Immaculate Heart Convent , is a Catholic all-girls school which commences with grade 6 ( preparatory/middle school ) and continues for seven years ; up till year 12 . The school is located in the Los Feliz neighborhood in Los Angeles , California , at the intersection of Franklin Avenue and Western Avenue . There are approximately 200 students in the middle school ( grades 6 -- 8 ) and over 550 in the high school ( grades 9 -- 12 ) .

neg: John Marshall High School (Los Angeles) John Marshall High School is a high school located in the Los Feliz district of the City of Los Angeles at 3939 Tracy Street in Los Angeles , California .   Marshall , which serves grades 9 through 12 , is a part of the Los Angeles Unified School District . Marshall is named after jurist John Marshall , who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States for three decades .   Students at Marshall primarily come from Los Feliz , Atwater Village , East Hollywood , northeastern Koreatown , Elysian Valley , and Silver Lake .   John Marshall High School offers a good number of Advanced Placement and honors courses on top of the regular curriculum . The variety of AP courses offered makes it possible to take almost every major subject offered in grades 9 -- 12 in the AP system . Entry to these courses in the past has been granted to students with high grades or letters of recommendation from their previous teachers . Many of the students who have taken AP courses move on to campuses of the University of California , with some top students achieving admission to Ivy League universities or other universities in the Top 25 , as ranked by U.S. News & World Report .   Within the school , there are many Small Learning Communities , including the School for Environmental Studies , the school 's only California Partnership Academy , the Performing Arts Academy , the Artistic Vision Academy , the STARS Academy , the Renaissance Academy , and the Social Justice Academy . The School also houses a School for Advanced Studies and a Gifted/High Ability Magnet .

neg: Borough of Brentwood The Borough of Brentwood is a local government district and borough in Essex in the East of England .

neg: Somis Union School District Somis Union School District is a public school district in Ventura County , California , United States . It comprises a single school , Somis Elementary School in Somis , California , which serves students K -- 8 . The district also supervises Somis Academy , a charter school in Camarillo , California which serves students K -- 12 , as well as homeschooling programs .   Somis Union School District was organized in 1898 and has been at its current location since the 1920s .   In November 2012 , voters approved a $ 9 million bond issue for the district , the first general obligation bond in the district 's history . The school board will use the money to either upgrade Somis School , built in 1924 , or replace it .