query: The Twilight Saga films have zero actors and instead use colored geometric shapes.

pos: The Twilight Saga (film series) The Twilight Saga is a series of five romance fantasy films from Summit Entertainment based on the four novels by American author Stephenie Meyer . The films star Kristen Stewart , Robert Pattinson , and Taylor Lautner . The series has grossed over $ 3.3 billion in worldwide receipts and consists , to date , of five motion pictures . The first installment , Twilight , was released on November 21 , 2008 . The second installment , New Moon , followed on November 20 , 2009 , breaking box office records as the biggest midnight screening and opening day in history , grossing an estimated $ 72.7 million . The third installment , Eclipse , was released on June 30 , 2010 , and was the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX .   The series was in development since 2004 at Paramount Pictures , during which time a screen adaptation of Twilight that differed significantly from the novel was written . Three years later , Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the film . After Twilight grossed $ 35.7 million on its opening day , Summit Entertainment announced they would begin production on New Moon ; they had acquired the rights to the remaining novels earlier that same month . A two-part adaptation of Breaking Dawn began shooting in November 2010 with release dates of November 18 , 2011 , and November 16 , 2012 , respectively .

neg: Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers .   Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection .   In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate .   The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) .   One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk .   The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .

neg: Vegas Movie Studio Vegas Movie Studio ( previously Sony Vegas Movie Studio ) is a consumer-based nonlinear video editing software designed for the PC . It is a scaled-down version of Vegas Pro . Movie Studio was formerly called `` Sonic Foundry VideoFactory '' and then `` Sony Screenblast Movie Studio , '' . As of version 13 , Vegas Movie studio is now part of Magix GmbH after Sony had officially announced it had sold most of its creative software suit to the German based company . On February 14 , 2017 , Magix announced a brand new version of Vegas movie studio , Vegas movie studio 14.0 , which is the first stable release of Vegas movie studio since 2014 and Magix first stable release since its acquisition from Sony .

neg: List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years .   In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .

neg: List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Twilight (1940 film) Twilight ( German : Zwielicht ) is a 1940 German film directed by Rudolf van der Noss and starring Viktor Staal , Ruth Hellberg and Carl Raddatz . The film 's art direction was by Hermann Asmus and Carl Ludwig Kirmse .

neg: Twilight Twilight is the illumination of the Earth 's lower atmosphere when the Sun itself is not directly visible because it is below the horizon . Twilight is produced by sunlight scattering in the upper atmosphere , illuminating the lower atmosphere so that the surface of the Earth is neither completely lit nor completely dark . The word twilight is also used to denote the periods of time when this illumination occurs .   The further the Sun is below the horizon , the dimmer the twilight ( other things such as atmospheric conditions being equal ) . When the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon , the twilight 's brightness is nearly zero , and evening twilight becomes nighttime . When the Sun again reaches 18 degrees below the horizon , nighttime becomes morning twilight . Owing to its distinctive quality , primarily the absence of shadows and the appearance of objects silhouetted against the bright sky , twilight has long been popular with photographers , who refer to it as ` sweet light ' , and painters , who refer to it as the blue hour , after the French expression , l'heure bleue .   Twilight should not be confused with auroras , which can have a similar appearance in the night sky at high latitudes .  By analogy with evening twilight , the word twilight is also sometimes used metaphorically , to imply that something is losing strength and approaching its end . For example , very old people may be said to be `` in the twilight of their lives '' . The collateral adjective for twilight is crepuscular which is sometimes applied to insects , fish , and mammals that are most active during that time .

neg: Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera , and to finished motion picture film , ready for use in a projector , which bears images in color .   The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902 . A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor . These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters .   Around 1920 , the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced . These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images , but the final product was a multicolored print that did not require special projection equipment . Before 1932 , when three-strip Technicolor was introduced , commercialized subtractive processes used only two color components and could reproduce only a limited range of color .   In 1935 , Kodachrome was introduced , followed by Agfacolor in 1936 . They were intended primarily for amateur home movies and `` slides '' . These were the first films of the `` integral tripack '' type , coated with three layers of differently color-sensitive emulsion , which is usually what is meant by the words `` color film '' as commonly used . The few color films still being made in the 2010s are of this type . The first color negative films and corresponding print films were modified versions of these films . They were introduced around 1940 but only came into wide use for commercial motion picture production in the early 1950s . In the US , Eastman Kodak 's Eastmancolor was the usual choice , but it was often re-branded with another trade name , such as `` WarnerColor '' , by the studio or the film processor .   Later color films were standardized into two distinct processes : Eastman Color Negative 2 chemistry ( camera negative stocks , duplicating interpositive and internegative stocks ) and Eastman Color Positive 2 chemistry ( positive prints for direct projection ) , usually abbreviated as ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Fuji 's products are compatible with ECN-2 and ECP-2 .   Film was the dominant form of cinematography until the 2010s , when it was largely replaced by digital cinematography .

neg: Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe .   Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine .   The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Barsoomian language Barsoomian is the constructed language of the fictional Barsoomians , the sapient humanoid inhabitants of Mars in the Barsoom series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was developed from Burroughs ' examples and descriptions by Paul Frommer for the 2012 film John Carter of Mars ; Frommer also created the Na ' vi language for Avatar .   Spoken Barsoomian has mostly lexical words , with the equivalent of grammatical words such as prepositions and pronouns conveyed telepathically . There are few inflections , and word order is fixed to verb -- subject -- object . Possession is indicated by juxtaposing the object with the possessor , as in Malay . There is a word that makes direct object definite , as in Hebrew . The vocabulary is relatively simple , with little poetic language .   Some inflection is found in the pronouns . For the object , the initial consonant is suffixed : tu `` I '' , tut `` me '' ; ki `` he '' , kik `` him '' . To form the plural , the consonants are voiced : du `` we '' , dud `` us '' , gi `` they '' .   The effect of the language is staccato . There are ten vowels , five long and five short , transcribed short a e i o u and long aa ey ee oa oo ; diphthongs are ao ( as in how ) and ay ( as in high ) . Consonants are similar to English ( b d j g , p t -LSB- linktʃtj -RSB- k , v z , f -LSB- linkθth -RSB- s h , r l , m n , w y ) , with the addition of the velar fricatives ch -LSB- blinkx -RSB- and gh -LSB- blinkɣ -RSB- . Consonants , both voiced and unvoiced , may also be long or short .   In the books it is mentioned that Barsoomian is the only language spoken on the entire planet of Barsoom . Therefore , there never are any language barriers between different people from Barsoom , no matter what country or city on the planet they originate from . Written versions of Barsoomian however can differ greatly between different cities .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Object animation Object animation is a form of stop motion animation that involves the animated movements of any non-drawn objects such as toys , blocks , dolls , etc. which are not fully malleable , such as clay or wax , and not designed to look like a recognizable human or animal character .   Object animation is considered a different form of animation distinct from model animation and puppet animation , as these two forms of stop-motion animation usually use recognizable characters as their subjects , rather than just objects like static toy soldiers , or construction toys such as Tinker Toys , LEGO brand bricks ( Brickfilm ) , Lincoln Logs , Erector Sets , Playmobil , etc. .   Object animation is often combined with other forms of animation , typically for a more realistic effect ( e.g. , Model Animation or Puppet Animation to add more complex movement or depth to the characters ) . For example , a toy car can be animated without a driver , but is more often animated with a character easily seen driving the car .   The use of animated objects in film has been present since the early days of cinema .   An example of modern object animation can be seen on Robot Chicken , part of the regular Adult Swim block on Cartoon Network , which combines object animation with a variation of puppet animation , in this case the puppets are made to resemble plastic action figures from various TV shows , movies , and pop culture .

neg: Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' .   Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .

neg: Grey Grey ( British English ) or gray ( American English ; see spelling differences ) is an intermediate color between black and white . It is a neutral or achromatic color , meaning literally that it is a color `` without color . '' This means that there are equal components of red , green , and blue . The variations in intensity of these colors uniformly produce different shades of grey . It is the color of a cloud-covered sky , of ash and of lead .   The first recorded use of grey as a color name in the English language was in AD 700 . Grey is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English , although gray remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century . Gray has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825 , although grey is an accepted variant .   In Europe and the United States , surveys show that grey is the color most commonly associated with neutrality , conformity , boredom , uncertainty , old age , indifference , and modesty . Only one percent of respondents chose it as their favorite color .

neg: Star of the Guardians Star of the Guardians is a series of fantasy novels by Margaret Weis . The series consists of several volumes :   The Lost King  King 's Test  King 's Sacrifice  Ghost Legion  The Knights of the Black Earth ( 1995 ) , ISBN 0-451-45425-1  Robot Blues ( 1996 ) , ISBN 0-451-45581-9  Hung Out ( 1998 ) , ISBN 0-451-45618-1   Star of the Guardians is a series of four science fiction / space opera novels written by Margaret Weis without assistance from usual co-author Tracy Hickman . The original trilogy , The Lost King , King 's Test and King 's Sacrifice , concerns Dion 's adventures and eventual rise to the throne . A few years later , Margaret Weis realized that , while Dion had achieved his goals , the main characters of the series ( sundered lovers Sagan and Maigrey ) had not achieved peace , and penned the fourth book , Ghost Legion .   She has since completed a trilogy of spin-offs concerning the mercenary team Mag Force 7 introduced in King 's Sacrifice . Based originally on The Magnificent Seven , the team developed a much more varied membership just in time to star in their own novels : The Knights of the Black Earth , Robot Blues and Hung Out . Weis and Don Perrin released a collectible card game under the name `` Mag Force 7 '' .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .


query: Iain Glen is a television actor.

pos: Iain Glen Iain Glen ( born 24 June 1961 ) is a Scottish film , television , and stage actor . Glen is best known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs / Tyrant in the Resident Evil films and for portraying Ser Jorah Mormont on Game of Thrones . Other notable roles include John Hanning Speke in Mountains of the Moon , Sir Richard Carlisle in Downton Abbey , the title role in Jack Taylor and Jarrod Slade in Cleverman .

neg: Being Eileen Being Eileen is a BBC `` heart-warming '' comedy-drama which began as a new six-part series on 4 February , and ended on 11 March 2013 . Originally titled Lapland , it was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 24 December 2011 , the channel the series airs on . Although initially a single 75-minute episode which was set in Lapland , Finland , it was announced as a series renamed Being Eileen , consisting of six 30 minute episodes , due to the success of the single episode , which was viewed by 6.9 million viewers upon its original airing . The series also aired on BBC Two as part of Sign Zone , which features sign language throughout . The series was released on DVD on 1 April 2013 .   The series , written by Michael Wynne , features an ensemble cast . Headed by Sue Johnston , who plays Eileen Lewis , the programme focusses on her , the widowed matriarch of a `` large , close-knit and dysfunctional Northern family '' . The single episode focused on the family 's visit to Lapland , whilst the series focusses on their life in Birkenhead . Elizabeth Berrington and Stephen Graham ( later recast to Dean Andrews ) play Eileen 's children , whilst William Ash and Julie Graham play their partners . All the cast - Johnston , Berrington , Ash , Julie Graham and Keith Barron - a love interest for Eileen - returned for the series , with the exception of Stephen Graham and Zawe Ashton , who played Jingle Jill .

neg: Colonel March of Scotland Yard Colonel March of Scotland Yard is a 1950s British television series based on author John Dickson Carr 's ( aka Carter Dickson ) fictional detective Colonel March from his book The Department of Queer Complaints ( 1940 ) . Carr was a mystery author who specialised in locked-room whodunnits and other ` impossible ' crimes : murder mysteries that seemed to defy possibility . The stories of the television series followed in the same vein with Detective March solving cases that baffle Scotland Yard and the British police . The department itself is sometimes referred to as `` D3 '' . Boris Karloff starred as Colonel March .   The series was made at Southall Studios in Middlesex , England ( and , later , Nettlefold Studios in Walton-on-Thames , England ) was produced by Fountain Films for ITV . Karloff and his wife Evelyn sailed to England in July , 1952 , where Karloff filmed 3 different pilot episodes to show TV executives . While awaiting a decision to go ahead with more episodes , the three pilots were combined into a 1953 feature film called Colonel March Investigates . In 1953 , Karloff returned to England to film 23 more episodes , making a total of 26 , then returned to Hollywood to film Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ( 1953 ) .   The Colonel March series premiered in 1956 with a total of 26 episodes . ( It was broadcast from Feb. 1 , 1956 through April 1 , 1957 , which included a number of rerun episodes . ) It began running in the United States in February , seven months before British viewers got to see it .   The show starred Boris Karloff as the urbane , tweed wearing , eye-patched sleuth . No reason was ever given for the loss of his left eye . ( In some close-ups , it is evident that Karloff sometimes wore an eyepatch with a dark gauze area in the centre , presumably to allow him to still see through it . ) Other regular actors included Ewan Roberts as Inspector Ames of Scotland Yard and Eric Pohlmann as Inspector Goron of the Paris Sûreté . ( In the episode The Second Mona Lisa , Pohlmann played a Middle Eastern character called The Emir . ) Roberts ' Scottish accent grows stronger as the series progresses from plummy English in the first dozen episodes to full on Scottish burr for the second dozen .   Only twelve episodes of the series still exist as prints in the original 35 mm format , with the rest surviving at 16 mm prints .   Although he is referred to on numerous websites including IMDb as Perceval March , the name on his office door clearly states `` D3 Colonel A. L. March '' . In the episode The Silver Curtain , March tells a doctor that his first names are `` Perceval Clovis Adlebare '' although he is stalling to gain information from the doctor . He then says his occupation is the study of unusual crime , which is true , so that could also be admitting his real name . This may explain why in a later episode , Hot Money , the sign on the door was changed to read `` D. 3 . COL. MARCH '' .   The opening title sequence showed Colonel March taking off his coat in his office and writing the title of each episode in a book . This then dissolves to an image of an object from within the following story , what Alfred Hitchcock would call a MacGuffin , a fairly unimportant plot device that starts the story rolling and/or keeps it moving along . Often it 's a murder weapon or an item of clothing . Sometimes its relevance is a mystery until it is revealed later in the episode . Other episodes , such as in The Headless Hat , show the item that the episode is named after .   The episodes The Talking Head uses the complete version of the original theme tune during the end credits . It was usually truncated and faded up whilst some way through . The show 's slightly mysterious and threatening theme tune was changed for the episodes Error at Daybreak and The Silver Curtain to a piece of jaunty , faster paced music that had originally been used in previous episodes to accompany shots of a busy city .   Other guest actors in the series include Christopher Lee , Patrick Barr , Hugh Griffith , Marne Maitland ( twice ) , Joan Sims , Anthony Newley , Patricia Owens , George Coulouris , Anton Diffring , Martin Benson , Zena Marshall , Mary Parker and Robert Brown . The episode Death and the Other Monkey features a small acting part by future film director John Schlesinger as a Dutch ship 's captain . The episode Error at Daybreak features a performance from the then 10 year old actor Richard O'Sullivan who later went on to star in Robin 's Nest and several other ITV series .   As of July 2016 all 26 episodes we available for streaming on the UK Amazon Prime platform . As of September 2016 the series was being screened on UK television channels Talking Pictures TV and London Live .

neg: Dalziel and Pascoe (TV series) Dalziel and Pascoe is a popular British television crime drama based on the novels of the same name , written by Reginald Hill . The series was first broadcast on 16 March 1996 , with Warren Clarke being cast as Dalziel ( pronounced `` dee-ell '' ) and Colin Buchanan being cast as Pascoe . The series is primarily set in the fictional town of Wetherton in Yorkshire , and `` follows the work of two detectives that are thrown together as partners . Complete opposites . Different backgrounds , different beliefs , different styles . They get on each other 's nerves . They are continually embarrassed by each other . But their differences make them a stunningly brilliant crime-solving team . ''   The first three series were entirely based on Hill 's novels , as were the first two episodes of series four . However , all subsequent stories , with the exception of `` Dialogues of the Dead '' , are stories written exclusively for television , and have not appeared as subsequent novels . The series was produced by BBC Birmingham , and broadcast on BBC One until 22 June 2007 , running for a total of eleven series . The series was axed in 2008 , citing falling viewing figures as the main reason . It was one of a number of dramas axed in a mass cull by new station controller Peter Fincham .

neg: Grigor Taylor Grigor Taylor ( born 1943 ) also known as Greg Taylor , is an Australian actor , best known for his parts in several television series including Matlock Police and Glenview High .

neg: Glen Thompsett Glen David Thompsett ( born 16 August 1959 in Eastbourne , East Sussex ) is an English television presenter , radio presenter and voiceover artist .   Glen 's career has included working in Radio with British Independent Local Radio stations Heart in Gloucester ( then known as Severn Sound ) , Heart in Wiltshire ( then known as GWR FM Wiltshire ) , Mercia FM and Invicta FM .   Glen was hosting the breakfast show during his time at Invicta FM during the late 80 's and early 90 's gaining some of the highest audience figures in the station 's history . He worked with Julie Maddocks ( known on the show as eye in the sky `` Julie the Jambuster '' ) whom he later went on to wed. .  He has worked as a continuity announcer for TVS , LWT and for ITV nationally . He has also presented for several networks , including Sky News , TV Travel Shop , QVC and ITV region Meridian in the South East England . His work also includes corporate voiceovers , narration , and commercial presentations . Glen was with LWT from 1987 until it closed in 2002 .   Glen continues to work on television , and can be seen regularly on Meridian News on Meridian . He can also be seen regularly on commercial presentations/infomercials as well.In August 2012 Glen joined 107.8 Academy FM Thanet making a return to Kent-based radio presenting his own Sunday afternoon show .   Glen was a keen promoter of Local Radio in Kent . During the 90 's he put his name and experience to a number of local radio applications for Maidstone , Canterbury , Ashford , Dover and Folkestone . Some of those applications lost out to competitors ' nominally backed by the KM Group . East Kent Radio which Glen enthused about is still promoting radio in the region . Firstly on analogue satellite as EKR from the Maidstone Studios in 1997 and currently on the internet .   Since spring 2013 he has been a regular presenter on LBC News 1152 , newsreader on LBC ( FM ) Classic FM ( UK ) BBC , Forces TV .   Glen also runs his own small audio and video production company , producing e-learning content , voice-overs , filming and hosting conference events .

neg: Sunday Night Show The Sunday Night Show with Iain Lee was a Sony Award Silver-winning weekly radio show broadcast on Absolute Radio , between 10 pm on Sunday and 1 am on Monday , hosted by Iain Lee and produced by Eloise Carr , formerly by Dave `` Davis '' Lambert . The format of the show was primarily phone-in based , with callers discussing the pre-set topics of the evening , or to discuss topics that they themselves introduce . The show is notable for allowing calls to be aired unscreened for the last half-hour of the show , in a segment called `` MMM '' ( or Triple M ) , which is similar in format to The Human Zoo . As well as talk , records are sparsely played throughout the show ( approximately 4 to 5 records per hour ) due to Absolute Radio 's license as a music station . The show ended in September 2009 , and was replaced a month later by Iain Lee 's 2 Hour Long Late Night Radio Show on the same station .

neg: Niall Iain MacDonald Niall Iain MacDonald ( Niall Iain MhicDòmhnall ) is a Scottish Gaelic-language radio and television producer for BBC Scotland , and presenter of the popular rock and indie music program , Rapal , for BBC Radio nan Gàidheal .

neg: Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need .   The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture .   Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .

neg: Glen Island (disambiguation) Glen Island is an island in Nunavut , Canada .   Glen Island may also refer to :   Glen Island ( Thames ) , land between the head of the Jubilee River and the River Thames , England  Glen Island Park , an island and park in Long Island Sound , Westchester County , New York

neg: Gaz Bennett Gary `` Gaz '' Bennett is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera , Hollyoaks , played by Joel Goonan . He debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 25 November 2008 . Goonan took a break from filming during 2010 , and returned on-screen on 19 January 2011 . Goonan announced his permanent departure from Hollyoaks in October 2011 . He made his final appearance on 11 November 2011 .

neg: ITV Border ITV Border , previously Border Television , is the Channel 3 service provided by ITV Broadcasting Limited for the England/Scotland border region , covering most of Cumbria , Dumfries and Galloway , the Scottish Borders and parts of Northumberland . The TV service previously covered the Isle of Man from 26 March 1965 until 15 July 2009 .   Border Television was taken over by Granada plc in 2001 and the service was renamed ITV Border in 2004 when Granada and Carlton , the two biggest ITV franchise owners in England and Wales , merged to form ITV plc. . The licence for the region was transferred from Border TV to ITV Broadcasting Limited in November 2008 . The legal name of the company was changed on 29 December 2006 from Border Television Ltd to ITV Border Ltd. . This company is , along with most other regional companies owned by ITV plc , listed on www.companieshouse.gov.uk as a `` dormant company '' .   From 25 February 2009 , the regional news programme Lookaround was now produced by the combined operation ITV Tyne Tees & Border in Gateshead with news and advertising staff based at offices in Carlisle and Edinburgh . However , on 16 September 2013 , a full regional news service for the Border region was restored as part of an extensive relaunch of the station 's local programming . A sub-regional service for the south of Scotland was reintroduced in January 2014 .

neg: List of Monarch of the Glen episodes The following is a list of episodes for the television show Monarch of the Glen .

neg: Adam Sinclair (actor) Adam Sinclair ( born 18 April 1977 ) is a Scottish film and television actor . He starred in the television series Mile High and has appeared in supporting roles in films like Van Wilder 2 : The Rise of Taj .

neg: Iain Paterson Iain Paterson ( born 1973 ) is a Scottish bass-baritone singer who has appeared in opera and concert .   He was born in Glasgow . His first study was the violin , but his voice was recognised as his more important calling by his teachers at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama . He sang in the chorus of Opera North for four years .   He sang as a bass for ten years , later extending his range to bass-baritone .   Paterson has sung with the English National Opera in a number of productions , including Mozart 's Don Giovanni . He made his debut at the Salzburg Festival in 2007 as Fasolt in Wagner 's Das Rheingold under Sir Simon Rattle . He first appeared at the Metropolitan Opera as Günther in Wagner 's Götterdämmerung in 2009 , under James Levine .   He sang in the Australian premiere of Shostakovich 's 13th Symphony in 2008 . His other concert repertoire includes Beethoven 's 9th Symphony , Elgar 's The Dream of Gerontius , Mendelssohn 's Elijah , Verdi 's Requiem and Handel 's Messiah .   He has also sung in his native Scotland with various companies , the Paris Opera , the Chicago Opera Theater , at the Bregenz Festival , and at the Royal Opera , Covent Garden .

neg: Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven .   The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill .   Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .

neg: Adrian Paul Adrian Paul ( born Adrian Paul Hewett ; 29 May 1959 ) is an English actor known for his titular role on the television series Highlander : The Series as Duncan MacLeod . In 1997 , he founded the Peace Fund charitable organisation .

neg: Highlander: The Series (season 4) The fourth season of the American drama/adventure television series Highlander began airing 25 September 1995 and finished on 26 May 1996 . The series continues to follow the adventures of Duncan MacLeod , a 400-year-old Immortal who can only die if he is beheaded . MacLeod is involved in the Game , an ongoing battle during which all Immortals have to behead each other until only one is left .

neg: Alex Norton Alexander Hugh `` Alex '' Norton ( born 27 January 1950 ) is a Scottish television , film and voice actor . He is perhaps best known for his roles as DCI Matt Burke in the STV detective drama series Taggart , Eric Baird in BBC Two Sitcom Two Doors Down , DCS Wallace in Extremely Dangerous , Gerald Finlay in Waterloo Road and Eddie in the Renford Rejects . He has also had roles in internationally successful films including Braveheart , Local Hero and Les Misérables .

neg: Iain James Armour Iain Armour is a pianist and composer born in Yeovil , England although he has spent most of his life in his native Scotland . He is also known for his work under the recording artist name of Fox Amoore . He is known to fans worldwide with 13 albums , two of which were recorded at Abbey Road Studios .   Iain has toured globally , performing live in historic venues such as The Cavern Club , Liverpool and Lee 's Palace , Toronto .   In addition to performing and recording albums , Iain has composed and recorded music for video game soundtracks , including working with SuperVillain Studios for their production of Order Up ! for Nintendo Wii .   When asked why he chose this career path , he replied with `` Music just has a good emotional impact . It 's like a language to me , a form of expression . ''

neg: Glen Tilt Glen Tilt ( Scottish Gaelic : Gleann Teilt ) is a glen in the extreme north of Perthshire , Scotland . Beginning at the confines of Aberdeenshire , it follows a South-westerly direction excepting for the last 4 miles , when it runs due south to Blair Atholl . It is watered throughout by the Tilt , which enters the Garry after a course of 14 miles , and receives on its right the Tarf , which forms some beautiful falls just above the confluence , and on the left the Fender , which has some fine falls also . The attempt of George Murray , 6th Duke of Atholl to close the glen to the public was successfully contested by the Scottish Rights of Way Society . The massive mountain of Beinn a ' Ghlò and its three Munros Càrn nan Gabhar ( 1129 m ) , Bràigh Coire Chruinn-bhalgain ( 1070 m ) and Càrn Liath ( 975 ) dominate the glen 's eastern lower half .   Marble of good quality is occasionally quarried in the glen , and the rock formation has long attracted the attention of geologists . One of the earliest was James Hutton , who visited the glen in 1785 and found boulders with granite penetrating metamorphic schists in a way which indicated that the granite had been molten at the time . This showed to him that granite formed from cooling of molten rock , contradicting the ideas of Neptunism of that time that theorised that rocks were formed by precipitation out of water . Hutton concluded that the granite must be younger than the schists . This was one of the findings that led him to develop his theory of Plutonism and the concept of an immensely long geologic time scale with `` no vestige of a beginning , no prospect of an end . '' Sir John Clerk of Eldin visited the site and produced geological drawings of the area , immediately upstream of the old Dail-An-Eas Bridge which has since collapsed but the abutments remain as a listed building .


query: Jack Black stars in Shallow Hal.

pos: Shallow Hal Shallow Hal is a 2001 American romantic comedy film starring Gwyneth Paltrow and Jack Black about a shallow man who falls in love with an overweight woman . The motion picture was directed by the Farrelly brothers and filmed in and around Charlotte , North Carolina as well as Sterling and Princeton , Massachusetts at Wachusett Mountain . The supporting cast features Jason Alexander , Tony Robbins ( as himself ) , and Laura Kightlinger .

neg: Deep Waters (1948 film) Deep Waters is a 1948 drama film directed by Henry King . The film is based on the 1946 novel Spoonhandle written by Ruth Moore and was nominated for a 1949 Academy Award for Best Special Effects ( specifically , for the storm at sea sequence ) , but lost to Portrait of Jennie .   The film was released in the UK in 1949 , a year after its American theatrical release .

neg: Black Jack Justice Black Jack Justice was a podcast radio drama series in the style of old time radio private detective shows , written , directed and produced by Gregg Taylor for Decoder Ring Theatre . It followed two detectives , Jack Justice ( voice by Christopher Mott ) and his partner Trixie Dixon ( voiced by Andrea Lyons ) , who divided the voice-over narration duties of the show .

neg: Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver .   The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels .   Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans .   The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .

neg: When the Boat Comes In When the Boat Comes In is a British television period-drama produced by the BBC between 1976 and 1981 .   The series stars James Bolam as Jack Ford , a First World War veteran who returns to his poverty-stricken ( fictional ) town of Gallowshield in the North East of England . The series dramatises the political struggles of the 1920s and 1930s and explores the impact of national and international politics upon Ford and the people around him .   The memorable traditional tune `` When The Boat Comes In '' was adapted by David Fanshawe and sung by Alex Glasgow for the title theme of the series . Fanshawe also composed the incidental music .   The BBC revived the series in 1981 , with the fourth series telling the story of Jack Ford as he returns to Britain penniless , after six years spent bootlegging in the United States , and follows him as he sets up in London .   The series ' creator James Mitchell also wrote three tie-in books to the T.V. show : When the Boat Comes In , When the Boat Comes In : The Hungry Years and When the Boat Comes In : Upwards and Onwards . The final book brings the reader up to date with the end of the second series of the TV show .   The majority of episodes were written by creator Mitchell , but in Season 1 north-eastern writers Tom Hadaway , Sid Chaplin and Alex Glasgow contributed episodes , and in Season 3 Jeremy Burnham and Colin Morris shared writing duties with Mitchell .

neg: Sally (2000 film) Sally is a 2000 American drama film starring Rachael Leigh Cook , Michael Weston , and Fatmir Haskaj , and written and directed by first time director David Goldsmith who also appears in the film as Jack .

neg: Shallow Believer Shallow Believer is an EP by American rock band The Used that was released digitally on February 19 , 2008 . The EP is a compilation of b-sides from their first 3 studio albums . The artwork was done by Bert McCracken and Alex Pardee . It gets its title from a lyric in the song `` Slit Your Own Throat '' . On Record Store Day ( April 18 , 2015 ) the EP received a physical release on royal blue vinyl , limited to 3,000 copies .

neg: Black Jack (Australian band) Black Jack was an Australian Heavy metal/classical band that was active in the 1980/90 's .

neg: Black Tie Nights Black Tie Nights was a softcore drama anthology series which aired on Cinemax in the United States from 2004 to 2005 .   This anthology show revolved around the adventures of Olivia Hartley and Cooper Snow who ran Black Tie dating service . They were assisted by their geeky sidekick , Ryan Lundy . Each week they would encounter new or returning customers and try to play matchmaker . The first season had two main subplots that continued in each episode . The first was the budding romance between Ryan and Cooper . The second was Olivia getting over the loss of her husband and dating again .   In the second season , the show was retooled . The anthology series was renamed Hollywood Sexcapades and the characters of Olivia and Cooper were said to be out of the country opening a new branch . Candi Hicks , a recurring customer in the first season , became the new employee of Black Tie dating service . She and Ryan ( who was no longer nerdish ) partnered to run the company , and the continuing subplot was the budding romance between these two characters . Each week they would continue to try to play matchmaker to that episode 's guest stars .

neg: End of Days (Torchwood) `` End of Days '' is the thirteenth episode and the first series finale of the British science fiction television series Torchwood . It originally aired on BBC Three on 1 January 2007 , alongside the previous episode , `` Captain Jack Harkness '' . The episode was written by Chris Chibnall and directed by Ashley Way . The episode follows `` Captain Jack Harkness '' , where the team open the rift to rescue Jack ( John Barrowman ) and Tosh ( Naoko Mori ) from 1941 , only to find the rift has opened , causing the past and future of time to bleed through . The episode received three 2008 BAFTA Cymru award nominations , though none of them was won .

neg: Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson Unforgivable Blackness : The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson is a documentary by filmmaker Ken Burns based on the nonfiction book of the same name by Geoffrey C. Ward ( 2004 ) . In Burns ' signature style the 220-minute film serves as a biography of Jack Johnson , the first African-American Heavyweight Boxing Champion of the World , as well as a documentary of racism and social inequality during the Jim Crow era against which Jack Johnson lived in defiant opposition .   The documentary was first broadcast on PBS in two parts on January 17 and January 18 , 2005 . The film is narrated by Keith David and features a soundtrack by Wynton Marsalis and Samuel L. Jackson as the voice of Jack Johnson . Alan Rickman also contributed his voice to the documentary . Stanley Crouch appears offering commentary , including a quote from Johnson responding a question from a white woman about black people , `` We eat cold eels and think distant thoughts . ''   In 2005 , the film earned Burns an Emmy Award for Directing for Non-Fiction Programming . David won an Emmy for Best Voice Over Performance .   The film was produced by David Schaye , Paul Barnes and Ken Burns ( Executive Producer ) for Florentine Films .

neg: 316 (Lost) `` 316 '' is the sixth television episode of the fifth season of ABC 's Lost . The 92nd episode of the show overall , `` 316 '' aired on February 18 , 2009 , on ABC in the United States , and was simulcast on A in Canada . The episode was written by showrunners and executive producers Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse and directed by Stephen Williams .   In 2007 , having recruited Sun-Hwa Kwon , Jack Shephard and Benjamin Linus find a way to return to the island . Jack makes a last-ditch effort to recruit the other `` Oceanic 6 '' survivors .

neg: Jack Deam Jack Deam ( born Ian Deam , 29 June 1972 in Oldham , Lancashire ) is an English actor . He used his grandfather 's name for his stage name . His most notable performance is of the pyromaniac Marty Fisher , who has Tourette syndrome , in Channel 4 's comedy drama series , Shameless .   In 1990 , Deam appeared in the Granada TV Soap Opera Families a show about two families one from Cheshire , the other in Australia , notably alongside the then not so well known Jude Law .   In 1992 he appeared in a few episodes of Heartbeat as Alan Maskell . He also appeared in the TV mini series `` The life and times of Henry Pratt '' . He played the lead role as older Henry Pratt , little Henry Pratt was played by Andrew Nicholson and young Henry Pratt played by Bryan Dick .   In 1993 he played Vinnie , a young soldier for the King 's Fusiliers in the award winning British drama Soldier Soldier . He later joined the cast of Clocking Off , written by Paul Abbott .   In 1996 he briefly appeared as a policeman in Jimmy McGovern 's one-off drama for ITV Hillsborough , based on the 1989 Hillsborough disaster .   In 1999 he appeared in an episode of Queer As Folk , as a Doctor Who obsessed fan , and had a one-night stand with Vince , one of the protagonists , before taking the role of Toyah Battersby 's ( Georgia Taylor ) rapist Phil Simmonds on the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street in 2000 .   In January 2007 he took part in The Afternoon Play , a daytime BBC drama series consisting of short stories .  Deam is now playing the part of a policeman in DCI Banks .   He played Walter in the 2011 TV Series 32 Brinkburn Street . 2014 sees Deam in a play called Blindsided , by Simon Stephens , at the Royal Exchange , Manchester , alongside ex-Coronation Street Julie Hesmondhalgh ( Hayley Cropper ) .   Appeared in New Tricks as a suspect in a cold case enquired .   From 2016 onwards Deam appears as Inspector Mallory in the fourth series of the BBC series Father Brown .

neg: Jack Warner (actor) Jack Warner , OBE ( born Horace John Waters , 24 October 1895 -- 24 May 1981 ) was an English film and television actor . He is closely associated with the role of PC George Dixon , which he played in the 1950 film The Blue Lamp and later in the television series Dixon of Dock Green from 1955 until 1976 , but he was also for some years one of Great Britain 's most popular film stars .

neg: Jack McMullen Jack Michael McMullen ( born 22 February 1991 ) is an English actor . He is best known for his role as Finn Sharkey in Waterloo Road , as well as smaller appearances in Brookside and Grange Hill .

neg: Deep Trouble (radio comedy series) Deep Trouble is a BBC radio comedy series , written by and starring Jim Field Smith and Ben Willbond , which first aired on BBC Radio 4 in October 2005 .   It takes place in the year 2012 , aboard HMS Goliath , a Royal Navy stealth nuclear submarine , and follows the trials and tribulations of the submarine 's chaotic crew , underneath their inept commanding officer , Captain Paul Wade ( played by Jim Field Smith ) and his officers Lieutenant Trainor , Weapons Officer ( played by Ben Willbond ) , Commander Alison Fairbanks , second-in-command ( played by Katherine Jakeways ) . The series has also included a fourth regular character - in season one only this was Petty Officer Lucy Radcliffe ( played by Miranda Raison ) and in season two this was Alice Barry , Computer and Weapons Expert ( played by Alice Lowe ) .   The series parodies several features of the submarine genre established by The Hunt for Red October and Crimson Tide and as such its announcer is a version of Tom Clancy .   Series One started on Thursday 20 October 2005 , and the series contains four episodes in total : `` Startled Deer '' , `` Special Relationship '' , `` Prize Hamper '' , and `` Crispy Duck '' .   Series Two started on Thursday 24 May 2007 .   Writing for The Times , Chris Campling compared the programme favourably to the famous Naval radio sitcom The Navy Lark and called Deep Trouble `` hilarious '' . It was also selected as a ` Pick of the Day ' by Phil Daoust of the Guardian on 24 May 2007 .   The series was produced and directed by David Tyler at Pozzitive Television for BBC Radio 4 .

neg: Jack Staff Jack Staff is a British superhero created by comic book writer/artist Paul Grist . Billed as `` Britain 's Greatest Hero '' , it is known for being in the style of an anthology title and for its multi-linear plotlines .   He first saw print in comics published by Paul Grist 's Dancing Elephant Press , and is now published by Image Comics . Comics International began exclusive publication of a monthly four-page strip featuring the supporting character Ben Kulmer ( the Claw ) ; this started in # 185 of the magazine and was set to run for twelve episodes . These strips have since been reprinted by Image Comics in a special .

neg: The Woman in the Hall The Woman in the Hall is a 1947 British drama film , directed by Jack Lee , with a screenplay by Jack Lee , Ian Dalrymple and Gladys Bronwyn Stern , from Stern 's novel . It was released in 1947 . `` A studio bound melodrama , it seems atypical of Lee 's later films , but the struggles of an individual to achieve a goal and through that struggle develop into a better person was a recurrent theme . '' The film features the screen debut of future television star Susan Hampshire .

neg: Jack Reed: Badge of Honor Jack Reed : Badge of Honor is a 1993 crime drama made-for-television film written by Andrew Laskos , directed by Kevin Connor starring Brian Dennehy , Susan Ruttan , and Alice Krige . It was the sequel to the 1992 made-for-TV crime drama Deadly Matrimony , continuing the fictional Jack Reed character in a television film series .

neg: Jack the Dog Jack the Dog is a 2001 American comedy-drama film , written and directed by Bobby Roth and starring Nestor Carbonell , Barbara Williams , Barry Newman , and Anthony LaPaglia . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2001 , and was released on DVD in the United States by Rivercoast Films on August 12 , 2008 . A sequel , Manhood , was released in 2003 .

neg: Lord of Dark Places Lord of Dark Places is a novel by Hal Bennett . It deals with the events surrounding a black man from the south who moves to the north . It has been described as `` a satirical and all but scatological attack on the phallic myth '' , :


query: Massachusetts touches water.

pos: Massachusetts Massachusetts -LSB- mæsəˈtʃuːsᵻts -RSB- or -LSB- ˌmæsəˈtʃuːzᵻts -RSB- ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The state is named for the Massachusett tribe , which once inhabited the area . The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston . Over 80 % of Massachusetts ' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts ' economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade .   Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England , founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention . In the 18th century , the Protestant First Great Awakening , which swept the Atlantic World , originated from the pulpit of Northampton preacher Jonathan Edwards . In the late 18th century , Boston became known as the `` Cradle of Liberty '' for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution .   The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a powerful commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States . Before the American Civil War , Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist , temperance , and transcendentalist movements . In the late 19th century , the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke , respectively . In 2004 , Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court . Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state , including the Adams and Kennedy families . Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States , with the largest financial endowment of any university , and Harvard Law School has educated a contemporaneous majority of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States . Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called `` the most innovative square mile on the planet '' , in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010 . Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , also in Cambridge , have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world . Massachusetts ' public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance .

neg: Flag of New England There is no official Flag of New England . Consequently , `` the Flag of New England '' can refer to any number of historical and modern banners used to represent Massachusetts , the New England Colonies , or the six states in the New England region of the northeastern United States . There are some variations , but common designs include a plain colored field ( usually red ) with a pine tree in the canton . Pinus strobus , the eastern white pine , is the most common symbol of New England and most often represents that tree 's former importance in shipbuilding and New England maritime culture .

neg: Minuteman Bikeway The Minuteman Bikeway is a 10-mile ( 16-kilometre ) paved multi-use rail trail located in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts . It runs from Bedford to Alewife station , passing through Lexington and Arlington along the way .   -RCB-   | -RCB-  | -RCB-   The Minuteman Bikeway runs from Bedford to the Alewife station at the northern end of the Red Line in Cambridge . It passes through the towns of Lexington and Arlington on the way . Also along the route are several notable regional sites , including Alewife Brook Reservation , Spy Pond , `` Arlington 's Great Meadows '' ( actually located in Lexington ) , the Battle Green in Lexington , and Hanscom Air Force Base .   At its Cambridge terminus , the bikeway connects with four other bike paths :  the Fitchburg Cutoff Path  the Cambridge Linear Park which , in turn , leads to the Somerville Community Path .  the Alewife Brook Greenway , a connection to the Mystic River bike path , following Alewife Brook . The Alewife Brook extension received $ 4M from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 as the `` Minuteman Bikepath Connector '' project .  a sidewalk path to Fresh Pond Reservation .   Plans are underway to extend the Somerville Community Path to downtown Boston , which would create a much larger continuous bikeway accessible from the Minuteman .   At the Bedford end , the Minuteman Bikeway connects with the Narrow Gauge Rail Trail and the Reformatory Branch Rail Trail .

neg: Watertown Dam The Watertown Dam spans the Charles River 980 ft upstream from the Watertown Bridge near Watertown Square in Watertown , Massachusetts . The dam is located where the Charles River tidal estuary historically ended ( the tides no longer reach this point because of the downstream Charles River Dam ) . Watertown Dam is of Concrete construction , a gravity dam . Its length is 220 ft. Its capacity is 30 acre.ft . Normal storage is 20 acre.ft . It drains an area of 0.2 sqmi .   The history of the dam traces back to 1632 when construction of a fish weir was authorized . The current dam , maintained by the Department of Conservation and Recreation , dates from 1900 . It is part of the Upper Charles River Reservation .

neg: Geology of New England New England is a region in the North Eastern United States consisting of the states Rhode Island , Connecticut , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , Vermont , and Maine . Most of New England consists geologically of volcanic island arcs that accreted onto the eastern edge of the Laurentian Craton in prehistoric times . Much of the bedrock found in New England is heavily metamorphosed due to the numerous mountain building events that occurred in the region . The most recent rock layers are glacial conglomerates .

neg: Mount Grace Mount Grace , 1617 ft , is a prominent monadnock located in north central Massachusetts in the town of Warwick , approximately two miles south of the New Hampshire border . The mountain is rugged and largely wooded , but a firetower on the summit provides expansive views of the surrounding rural countryside . Little Mount Grace , 1226 ft , is the southern summit of the mountain . Mount Grace supports a predominantly northern hardwood forest as well as stands of red spruce near its summit .   The north side of Mount Grace drains into the Ashuelot River , thence into the Connecticut River , then Long Island Sound ; the west side drains into the Connecticut River via Mill Brook ; and the south and east sides drain into the Millers River , thence into the Connecticut River .

neg: Mount Hope Bay Mount Hope Bay is a tidal estuary located at the mouth of the Taunton River on the Massachusetts and Rhode Island border . It is an arm of Narragansett Bay . The bay is named after Mount Hope , a small hill located on its western shore in what is now Bristol , Rhode Island . It flows into the East Passage of Narragansett Bay and also the Sakonnet River . Mount Hope Bay has played an important role to the history of the area , from pre-colonial times to the present . While many years of sewage and industrial pollution have severely degraded the quality of the shallow waters of the bay , there are currently major efforts underway to clean up and restore it .

neg: South Boston CSO Storage Tunnel The South Boston CSO Storage Tunnel , also known as the North Dorchester Bay CSO Storage Tunnel , is a large underground facility designed to reduce untreated sewage discharges into Boston Harbor from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority combined sewer and stormwater system . It was opened on July 23 , 2011 , and is part of the federally mandated Boston Harbor Cleanup project . CSO stands for Combined Sewer Overflow .   The main part of the facility is a tunnel 17 ft in diameter , running 2.5 mile along the harbor front . The tunnel starts at an Odor Control Building continues along the harbor front , with a midpoint near and ends with a pump station at   Combined sewers are problematic because during heavy storms , they are forced by a high volume of rainwater from storm drains to carry untreated sanitary sewer output into Boston harbor , including dangerous amounts of human waste . In addition to the tunnel project , the MWRA is undertaking costly sewer separation in parts of South Boston near the Reserved Channel , and reconfiguring various drains and outflows . The tunnel provides a buffer to allow some combined sewers to remain in service . It has sufficient buffer capacity to hold combined sewage and rain water during most storms , helping to eliminate the Combined Sewer Outflow events that polluted nearby beaches on average 20 times per year . After the storm is over , the tunnel is `` dewatered '' back into the network at a rate the Deer Island Waste Water Treatment Plant can handle .

neg: Interstate 95 in Massachusetts Interstate 95 ( I-95 ) is a major highway on the East Coast of the United States , paralleling the Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Maine . The Massachusetts portion of the highway enters from the state of Rhode Island in Attleboro and travels in a northeasterly direction to the junction with Route 128 in Canton . As the original plans for I-95 ( which would have taken it through central neighborhoods of Boston and the northern suburbs of Saugus and Lynn ) were canceled , the highway follows the Route 128 loop around the Greater Boston area to Peabody . From there , I-95 splits from Route 128 and turns north towards the Merrimack River . I-95 enters New Hampshire from Salisbury .

neg: South Channel South Channel is a small channel in the United States located in Massachusetts Bay near Boston , Massachusetts . It runs alongside Devils Back and Aldridge Ledge from northeast of Ram Head to the western coast of Commissioners Ledge .   Category : Channels of the United States

neg: Green River (Deerfield River) The Green River is a tributary of the Deerfield River in southern Vermont and northwestern Massachusetts in the United States .   The Green River had an influential role in the settlement and economic growth of the towns in its watershed . Greenfield , Massachusetts , where the river ends , got its name from the Green River . The largest water user of the Green River is the Greenfield Water Department which draws 2.12 million gallons of water per day through a combination of surface and groundwater sources .

neg: Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration The Division of Ecological Restoration ( DER ) is a Division of the Massachusetts Department of Fish and Game within the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs . DER was created in 2009 with the merger of the Riverways and Wetlands Restoration Programs . DER coordinates ecological restoration to improve ecological condition and to restore important ecosystem services that improve the quality of life for all Massachusetts citizens .   The Riverways Program ( MGL Chapter 21A Section 8 ) has been maintained within DER and coordinates outreach and technical assistance to support watershed conservation and protection .   The Division and partners facilitate capital-based projects including ( but not limited to ) dam removal and culvert replacement with the goal of restoring aquatic habitats ( e.g. salt marshes )  and ecosystems across the state . These projects support commercial and recreational fisheries and provide many other benefits such as reduced flooding , improved water quality , carbon sequestration and increased public safety .   Ecological restoration is a core component of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts efforts to build habitat resiliency to better allow fish and wildlife to adapt to climate change -- including sea level rise , elevated water temperatures , and increased floods and periods of drought .   Tim Purinton currently serves as the Director of the Division of Ecological Restoration .

neg: Cochichewick River The Cochichewick River , also known as Cochichewick Brook , is a 1.6 mi stream in North Andover , Massachusetts , that drains water from Lake Cochichewick into the Merrimack River .

neg: Signal Hill (Canton, Massachusetts) Signal Hill is a 150 acre open space preserve located in Canton , in the U.S. state of Massachusetts ; it is centered on a 188 ft rocky knoll by the same name . The property , acquired in 2005 by the land conservation non-profit organization The Trustees of Reservations , offers frontage on the Neponset River and views of Great Blue Hill from open ledges . The Signal Hill preserve also includes wetlands , open fields , and a car-top boating access point .   Signal Hill was once a seasonal camp for paleo-Americans who settled the Neponset River Valley after the last glacial retreat . It is currently abutted by industrial and suburban land to the east and river floodplain to the west . The preserve is open to non-motorized carry-in boating , hiking , picnicing , fishing , and similar pursuits . A trailhead is located on University Road in Canton .

neg: Laurentide Ice Sheet The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers , including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States , multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs -- from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present . < ref  name = `` ICS2013 '' > </ref> The last advance covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day , and among other geomorphological effects , gouged out the five Great Lakes and the hosts of smaller lakes of the Canadian shield . These lakes extend from the eastern Northwest Territories , through most of northern Canada , and the upper Midwestern United States ( Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan ) to the Finger Lakes , through Lake Champlain and Lake George areas of New York , across the northern Appalachians into and through all of New England and Nova Scotia . At times , the ice sheet 's southern margin included the present-day sites of northeastern coastal towns and cities such as Portsmouth , New Hampshire , Boston , New York City , and Great Lakes coastal cities and towns as far south as Chicago and St. Louis , Missouri -- and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills , beyond which it merged with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet . The ice coverage extended approximately as far south as 38 degrees latitude in the mid-continent .

neg: Western Massachusetts Western Massachusetts is a region in Massachusetts , one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States . Western Massachusetts has diverse topography ; 22 universities , with approximately 100,000 university students ; and such institutions as Tanglewood , Springfield Armory , and Jacob 's Pillow .   The western part of Western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains , where there are several vacation resorts . The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley , which has a number of university towns , the major city Springfield , and numerous agricultural hamlets . In the eastern part of the area , the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation .

neg: Massachusetts General Court The Massachusetts General Court ( formally styled the General Court of Massachusetts ) is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . The name `` General Court '' is a hold-over from the earliest days of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , when the colonial assembly , in addition to making laws , sat as a judicial court of appeals . Before the adoption of the state constitution in 1780 , it was called the Great and General Court , but the official title was shortened by John Adams , author of the state constitution . It is a bicameral body . The upper house is the Massachusetts Senate which is composed of 40 members . The lower body , the Massachusetts House of Representatives , has 160 members . ( Until 1978 , it had 240 members ) It meets in the Massachusetts State House on Beacon Hill in Boston .   The current President of the Senate is Stan Rosenberg , and the Speaker of the House is Robert DeLeo . Democrats hold super-majorities in both chambers .   State Senators and Representatives both serve two-year terms .

neg: North Canal Historic District The North Canal Historic District of Lawrence , Massachusetts , encompasses the historic industrial heart of the city . It is centered on the North Canal and the Great Stone Dam , which provided the waterpower for its many mill complexes . The canal was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 , while the district was first listed in 1984 , and then expanded slightly in 2009 .   The city of Lawrence was founded by industrialist Abbott Lawrence and the associates of the Essex Company as a model industrial city . In 1845 they company acquired land from then towns of Methuen and Andover and began construction on the North Canal and the Great Stone Dam . The work included dredging and building out of `` new land '' , and effectively created a small island between the Merrimack River and the canal , whose outlet is at the mouth of the Spicket River . Work on these two major features was completed in 1848 , and development of the city , which formally incorporated in 1853 , proceeded from there . The historic district encompasses , in addition to the canal and the dam , the mill-related buildings on the island and on the north side of the canal , as well as a few buildings that front on Methuen and Union Streets , or the connecting side streets . The 2009 expansion of the district , included a single building , the Morehouse Bakery building at 5-9 Mill Street .

neg: Holy Island, Massachusetts Holy Island is a marshy island located off the northeast coast of Massachusetts , north of Cape Ann . The island is situated immediately west of Plum Island and is part of the Town of Ipswich in Essex County . The Rowley River runs by the island , which is the northernmost of four marshy islands .

neg: Atlantic Northeast The Atlantic Northeast is a region of North America , which includes the US states of Connecticut , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , New Hampshire , Vermont , and Maine , as well as the Canadian Maritimes .   The Atlantic Northeast region is noted for its cultural unity , stark climate , landscape of dense forests , and a shared economic history in the exploitation of logging and the regional fishery . Further uniting this area is the `` Gray Zone '' which is an area of land and sea which is claimed by both Canada and the United States . It is located off the coasts of New Brunswick and Maine . The only land within this area are two islands , Machias Seal Island and North Rock . The `` Gray Zone '' is one of four areas between the two countries whose sovereignty is still in dispute , but is the only one of the disputed areas containing land . In 1979 , both countries filed a joint application to the International Court of Justice to avoid having the dispute settled when oceanic boundaries in the area were set for mineral and fishing rights . Canadians have had a continuous presence in the area since 1832 when a lighthouse was built .   Since the Atlantic Northeast is such a large region , it is home to many different types of wildlife , sports teams , and geographical locations . The Atlantic Northeast is home to the Boston Celtics , Boston Bruins , New England Patriots , Halifax Hurricanes , Boston Red Sox and many more . It also includes many notable species including the Bald Eagle , Atlantic Salmon , and the Swamp Pink . Lastly , the Atlantic Northeast includes many geographical places of interest including the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument and Salem , Massachusetts , home of the Salem Witch Trials .   Though cross-border connections are widely acknowledged , the area has rarely been given a single name . `` Atlantic Northeast '' is a term that has been used most prominently in discussions of regional folk culture , another name that is used is Atlantica . ''   These names are often tied to various proposals for greater economic or political integration of the region

neg: Thacher Island Thacher Island is a small island off Cape Ann on the Massachusetts coast in the United States . It is a part of the Town of Rockport . It was a place where some naval confrontations , both minor and major , took place , which helped secure a victory for the colonists .