query: The Academy Honorary Award was instituted for the best new novel by a dead writer.

pos: Academy Honorary Award The Academy Honorary Award -- instituted in 1948 for the 21st Academy Awards ( previously called the Special Award , which was first presented in early 1929 ) -- is given annually by the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) to celebrate motion picture achievements that are not covered by existing Academy Awards , although prior winners of competitive Academy Awards are not excluded from receiving the Honorary Award . Unless otherwise specified , Honorary Award recipients receive the same gold Oscar statuettes received by winners of the competitive Academy Awards . Unlike the Special Achievement Award instituted in 1972 ( and discontinued in 1995 ) , those on whom the Academy confers its Honorary Award do not have to meet `` the Academy 's eligibility year and deadline requirements . '' Like the Special Achievement Award , the Special Award and Honorary Award have been used to reward significant achievements of the year that did not fit in existing categories , subsequently leading the Academy to establish several new categories , and to honor exceptional career achievements , contributions to the motion picture industry , and service to the Academy . The Academy Honorary Award is often awarded in preference to those with noted achievements in motion pictures who have nevertheless never won an Academy Award . Thus , many of its recipients are Classic Hollywood stars , such as Lillian Gish , Barbara Stanwyck , Kirk Douglas , and Lauren Bacall .   Since 2009 the Honorary Award is presented at the annual Governors Awards rather than at the Academy Awards .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Raymond Chandler bibliography Raymond Chandler ( 1888 -- 1959 ) was an American-British novelist and screenwriter . He was born in Chicago , Illinois and lived in the US until he was seven , when his parents separated and his Anglo-Irish mother brought him to live near London ; he was educated at Dulwich College from 1900 . After working briefly for the British Civil Service , he became a part-time teacher at Dulwich , supplementing his income as a journalist and writer -- mostly for The Westminster Gazette and The Academy . His output -- consisting largely of poems and essays -- was not to his taste , and his biographer Paul Bishop considers the work as `` lifeless '' , while Contemporary Authors describes it as `` lofty in subject and mawkish in tone '' . Chandler returned to the US in 1912 where he trained to become an accountant in Los Angeles . In 1917 he enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force , saw combat in the trenches in France where he was wounded , and was undergoing flight training in the fledgling Royal Air Force when the war ended .   Chandler returned to the US in 1919 to rekindle his literary career , but instead took a job with an oil company until he was fired in 1932 following a bout of depression , womanizing and heavy drinking . He began writing crime stories for the pulp magazines Black Mask , Detective Fiction Weekly , The Fortnightly Intruder and Dime Detective . The stories were subsequently brought together in collected editions . In 1939 , at the behest of the publisher Alfred A. Knopf , Sr. , Chandler wrote his first novel , The Big Sleep , for which he used parts of his short stories `` Killer in the Rain '' ( 1935 ) and `` The Curtain '' ( 1936 ) . He went on to write seven novels , many of which featured the character Philip Marlowe .   In 1944 Chandler was asked by Paramount Pictures to write the script for the film Double Indemnity with Billy Wilder ; the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . It was the first of seven scripts Chandler wrote , although two of them were unused . In 1959 Chandler died of pneumonia , brought on by alcoholism . In the aftermath of his death , many of his unpublished writings -- including letters , literary criticism and prose and poetry -- were released . His biographer Tom Williams considers that Chandler 's name has become `` a touchstone for crime writing , representing not just excellent fiction , but also a type of writing that is at once powerful and beautiful . ''

neg: 78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams .   Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Dead Beautiful Dead Beautiful is a young adult urban fantasy novel by American author Yvonne Woon . The story follows Renée Winters , an orphan who is sent to a mysterious academy . While enrolled , Renée discovers a series of paranormal enigmas , most surrounding her school , her boyfriend , and eventually herself . The novel was released to critical acclaim in 2010 , with a sequel , Life Eternal , following in 2012 .

neg: Dead Cert Dead Cert may refer to :   Dead Cert ( novel ) , a 1962 novel by Dick Francis  Dead Cert ( 1974 film ) , a 1974 crime film based on the novel  Dead Cert ( 2010 film ) , a 2010 supernatural horror film

neg: 52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis .   Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .

neg: 26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 .   The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name .   All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year .   William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .

neg: CWA New Blood Dagger __ NOTOC __  The CWA New Blood Dagger is an annual award given by the British Crime Writers ' Association ( CWA ) for first books by previously unpublished writers . It is given in memory of CWA founder John Creasey and was previously known as The John Creasey Memorial Award.Publisher Chivers Press was the sponsor from the award 's introduction in 1973 to 2002 . BBC Audiobooks was the sponsor in 2003 .

neg: 8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' .   The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later .   Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor .   This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .

neg: Dashiell Hammett Samuel Dashiell Hammett ( -LSB- ˈsæmjuːəl_dəˈʃiːl_ˈhæmət -RSB- May 27 , 1894 -- January 10 , 1961 ) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories , screenwriter , and political activist . Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade ( The Maltese Falcon ) , Nick and Nora Charles ( The Thin Man ) , and the Continental Op ( Red Harvest and The Dain Curse ) .   Hammett `` is now widely regarded as one of the finest mystery writers of all time '' . In his obituary in The New York Times , he was described as `` the dean of the ... ` hard-boiled ' school of detective fiction . '' Time magazine included Hammett 's 1929 novel Red Harvest on its list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005 . His novels and stories also had a significant influence on films .

neg: Billy Budd Billy Budd , Sailor is the final novel by American writer Herman Melville , first published posthumously in London in 1924 as edited by Raymond M. Weaver , a professor at Columbia University . Other versions were later published . Melville had begun writing the original work in November 1888 , but left it unfinished at his death in 1891 . Acclaimed by British critics as a masterpiece when published in London , it quickly took its place as a classic literary work in the United States .   The novella was discovered in manuscript form in 1919 by Weaver , who was studying Melville 's papers as his first biographer . Melville 's widow had begun to edit the manuscript , but had not been able to decide her husband 's intentions at several key points or even to see his intended title . Poor transcription and misinterpretation of Melville 's notes marred the first published versions of the text . After several years of study , Harrison Hayford and Merton M. Sealts , Jr. published what is now considered the best transcription and critical reading text in 1962 .   The novella was adapted as a stage play in 1951 and produced on Broadway , where it won the Donaldson Awards and Outer Critics Circle Awards for best play . Benjamin Britten adapted it as an opera by the same name , first performed in December 1951 .   The play was adapted into a film in 1962 , produced , directed , co-written , and starring Peter Ustinov with Terence Stamp receiving an Academy Award nomination in his film debut .

neg: Dead Poets Society Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American drama film directed by Peter Weir , written by Tom Schulman , and starring Robin Williams . Set in 1959 at the fictional elite conservative Vermont boarding school Welton Academy , it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry .   The film received critical acclaim and was a box office success . It won the BAFTA Award for Best Film , and César Award and David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Film . Schulman received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work .

neg: The Reivers The Reivers , published in 1962 , is the last novel by the American author William Faulkner . The bestselling novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1963 . Faulkner previously won this award for his book A Fable , making him one of only three authors to be awarded it more than once . Unlike many of his earlier works , it is a straightforward narration and eschews the complicated literary techniques of his more well known works . It is a picaresque novel , and as such may seem uncharacteristically lighthearted given its subject matter . For these reasons , The Reivers is often ignored by Faulkner scholars or dismissed as a lesser work . He previously had referred to writing a `` Golden Book of Yoknapatawpha County '' with which he would finish his literary career . It is likely that The Reivers was meant to be this `` Golden Book '' . The Reivers was adapted into a 1969 film directed by Mark Rydell and starring Steve McQueen as Boon Hogganbeck .

neg: David di Donatello for Best New Director The David di Donatello is a major Italian film award given by the Italian Film Academy .

neg: List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations .   The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 .   On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner .   Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .

neg: Charles Kaufman (screenwriter) Charles Kaufman ( October 20 , 1904 -- May 2 , 1991 ) was an American novelist , writer and screenwriter .   Kaufman was a short story writer for The New Yorker . His screenplay for the 1958 film The Story of Esther Costello was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay . Along with Wolfgang Reinhart he was nominated for an Academy Award for Original Screenplay in 1962 for the film Freud .   In 2010 , Let There Be Light , whose screenplay Kaufman wrote with John Huston , was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . ''   Kaufman died of pneumonia in Los Angeles .

neg: Mephisto Prize The is a Japanese literary award for unpublished genre fiction novels , mainly for mystery novels . It was established in 1996 by the editors of Mephisto magazine and is awarded on an irregular basis . The winning work is published by Kodansha and the winner receives a statue of Sherlock Holmes .

neg: Thomas Monroe (writer) Thomas Monroe ( September 26 , 1902-April 24 , 1960 ) was an American screenwriter who was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Story .


query: Werner Herzog was born in April.

pos: Werner Herzog Werner Herzog ( -LSB- ˈvɛɐ̯nɐ ˈhɛɐ̯tsoːk -RSB- ; born 5 September 1942 ) is a German screenwriter , film director , author , actor , and opera director .   Herzog is considered one of the greatest figures of the New German Cinema , along with Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Margarethe von Trotta , Volker Schlöndorff , Werner Schröter , and Wim Wenders . Herzog 's films often feature heroes with impossible dreams , people with unique talents in obscure fields , or individuals who are in conflict with nature .   French filmmaker François Truffaut once called Herzog `` the most important film director alive . '' American film critic Roger Ebert said that Herzog `` has never created a single film that is compromised , shameful , made for pragmatic reasons , or uninteresting . Even his failures are spectacular . ''  He was named one of the 100 most influential people on the planet by Time magazine in 2009 .

neg: Werner Riess Werner Riess ( born 8 August 1970 at Altötting , Germany ) is a German Ancient Historian .

neg: Werner Weber (mathematician) Werner Weber ( * January 3 , 1906 in Oberstein , near Hamburg , Germany † February 2 , 1975 ) was a German mathematician . He was one of the Noether boys , the doctoral student of Emmy Noether . Considered scientifically gifted but a modest mathematician , he was also a extreme Nazi , who would later take part in driving Jewish mathematicians out of the University of Göttingen .  He later started work as part of a group of five mathematicians , recruited by Wilhelm Fenner , and which included Ernst Witt , Georg Aumann , Alexander Aigner , Oswald Teichmueller and Johann Friedrich Schultze , and lead by Wolfgang Franz , to form the backbone of the new mathematical mathematical research department in the late 1930 's , which would eventually be called : Section IVc of Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht ( abbr . OKW/Chi ) .

neg: Werner Schroeter Werner Schroeter ( 7 April 1945 -- 12 April 2010 ) was a German film director , screenwriter , and opera director known for his stylistic excess . Schroeter was cited by Rainer Werner Fassbinder as an influence both on his own work and on German cinema at large .

neg: USS Herzog USS Herzog has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship , and may refer to :   USS Herzog ( DE-277 ) , a destroyer escort transferred upon completion to the United Kingdom which served in the Royal Navy as from 1943 to 1946  , a destroyer escort in commission from 1943 to 1944 , which then served in the Brazilian Navy as from 1944 to 1966   Category : United States Navy ship names

neg: Herzogenburg Herzogenburg is a town in the district of Sankt Pölten-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria .

neg: The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner ( German : Die Große Ekstase des Bildschnitzers Steiner ) is a 1974 documentary film by German filmmaker Werner Herzog . It is about Walter Steiner , a celebrated ski jumper of his era who worked as a carpenter for his full-time occupation . Showcased is Steiner 's quest for a world record in ski flying , as well as the dangers involved in the sport . Herzog has called it `` one of my most important films . ''

neg: Richard Herz Richard Herz ( July 21 , 1867 -- November 18 , 1936 ) was a German chemist .  He discovered the Herz reaction .

neg: Werner Heldt Werner Heldt ( 1904 -- 54 ) was a German painter .

neg: April (1961 film) April ( -LSB- აპრილი , Aprili -RSB- , -LSB- Апрель , Aprel -RSB- ) is a short romance-drama film written and directed by Otar Iosseliani . The film was produced in 1961 in Iosseliani 's early period while still in his native Georgia .   The film was screened out of competition at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Pe Werner Pe Werner ( born October 13 , 1960 in Heidelberg ) is a German singer .

neg: Jan van Herwijnen Johannes Adrianus George van Herwijnen ( 4 November 1889 in Delft -- 12 April 1965 in Bergen ) was a Dutch painter .   -LSB- f.e. . THE INSANITY DRAWINGS -RSB-   `` To really see art you first must detach from it , that 's what it all about . A painting is like music , you should not view , you should listen . ''   Van Herwijnen was born in Delft and grew up in the Jordaan ( Amsterdam ) . He was different from the rest of the family . At nine he went to the Rijksmuseum a tile table for copying , his master had given him a box of paints . Concerts and museums hold him up as he began his eleventh year to earn a living . When he was 21 he was clear : `` Suddenly I knew I could see '' . Then I gained consciousness only . Before that time I had looked into the world through the eyes of a child . But then I knew who I was and what to do . I started in the Rijksmuseum , because I knew the road . Every day I sat there and it was like I had always painted . ''   He wants no classes , no academy . He represents himself by copying the old masters . In 1912 he goes to Paris without a penny . Half starved he comes back .  He begins to draw people . Poor models of the street and blind and deaf . With the insanity life-size drawings from 1919 he established his name . He works hard on these drawings and identifies himself with his models , he is exhausted . The craziness with which he has handled this matter radiates from each drawing : heavy black lines and contours of a figure on a chair in an empty room . Van Herwijnen is now supported by many prominent figures , among which Prof. RN Roland Holst .   He went to France with his family and lived from 1921 to 1923 in Collioure . The paintings of Collioure feature the clean lines of the drawings in which the paint is filled with lots of blue and purple . Then follows a gloomy period when his wife leaves him . Paintings reflect his depressive state and are very dark . When he goes to Florence , his work is lightened . `` The conquest of light '' in all newspapers and magazines celebrated with superlatives . `` Van Herwijnen in the front ranks of contemporary painters came . ''  In the autumn of 1934 , he moved a house in the new studio complex on the Summer Dijkstraat . Van Herwijnen married again and moved to Bergen in 1945 .  His work is still cheering `` A picture of joy - great development of a strong talent - refined spirituality - colored music - this country equaled by no other . ''  Van Herwijnen is suspicious . His work is than heavier , sometimes lighter . A pattern of doubt in his entire oeuvre can be seen . In its lightest years he painted many flowers .   He sometimes tries to explain : `` I paint the light . Not the physical light , a light that casts shadows . I paint the light in the shade . ''   The special treatment of his paint and his brush was repeatedly emphasized . One critic in 1937 writes : `` Perhaps our most gifted painter of today , is usually attracted to very simple matters .  Twenty years later , another note : `` There is never a dead spot , every square inch of a living painting , as if the light is gently shaking . ''   Lunatics  In 1919 the artist signed a series of life-size portraits of the insane from the Utrecht William Arntz Foundation . In his own life he would himself have to deal with mental breakdowns . Sometimes he went to the utmost of his ability . Shortly after World War II Van Herwijnen painted a series of portraits of dead .   Colorful and light - powerful and sombre  The born in Delft Van Herwijnen grew up as child in Amsterdam . He was a self-taught and developed in its own direction , without having to join an art group . He is sometimes conveniently classified in a group of artists ( the Bergen School ) , but that 's not right .   The delusion , the insane  The series is loosely inspired by the iconographic series `` The insane ' . After a psychological crisis , the self-taught artist Jan van Herwijnen ( 1889 -- 1965 ) had created drawings of psychiatric patients in the William Arntz Foundation in Utrecht . He quickly gets the interest from treating physicians and teachers of the medical faculty . The ` insanity drawings ' in 1920 are exhibited .  Since 2005 the Museum of Modern Art Arnhem received a long term loan of this impressive series of drawings made with black chalk at life-size format .   Seven  The number seven , the seven paintings bear the idea of perfection in themselves as in Christianity God in seven days the earth . The classical education is related to the ideal of the seven liberal arts . Liberal arts is originally a classical European education concept , which at the founding of the first Dutch universities ( late 16th century ) was planned . This means that students need a broad training in the liberal arts course and then specialized in industries such as Law or Medicine .   The seven deadly sins and virtues .  Head Sin is a term primarily used in the Catholic Church . These are seven sins , each underlying many other sins . These are : pride , greed , lust , jealousy , intemperance , revenge and laziness . Besides the seven deadly sins that play a role in the Catholic tradition there is also a list of their counterparts , the seven virtues : wisdom , justice , temperance , courage , faith , hope and charity .

neg: Filmverlag der Autoren Filmverlag der Autoren is a German film distributor that was founded in 1971 to help finance and distribute independent films by German Autorenfilm directors , that is directors who are renowned for predominantly adapting their own screenplays . Many directors of the New German Cinema movement were associated with it such as Werner Herzog , Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Wim Wenders , and Alexander Kluge ; whose films were produced and distributed by the Filmverlag and many of whom were members of the Filmverlag 's board .

neg: Last Words (film) Last Words ( Letzte Worte ) is a 1968 short film by Werner Herzog shot in Crete and on the island of Spinalonga . The film was shot in two days during the filming of Herzog 's feature Signs of Life , and edited in one day .   The film tells a story of the last man to leave the abandoned island of Spinalonga , which had been used as a leper colony . The man refused to leave , and so was forcibly removed . He now lives in Crete , where he plays the lyre at nights in a bar , and refuses to speak . The film 's narrative style is very unconventional , with most characters speaking their lines several times repeatedly in long takes . The man from the island has the most spoken lines of any character , as he repeatedly explains that he refuses to speak , even a single word .

neg: Werner Gitt Werner Gitt ( born 22 February 1937 in Stallupönen , East Prussia , Germany ) is a German engineer and young earth creationist . Before retirement , he was Head of the Department of Information Technology at the German Federal Institute of Physics and Technology ( Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt ) .

neg: Felix Benedict Herzog Felix Benedict Herzog ( 1859-1912 ) was a US electrical engineer , patent attorney , artist and photographer who discovered `` America 's First Supermodel '' Audrey Munson . His Tale of Isolde established precedent in the US as the first pictorial photograph admitted by an art society on full equality with paintings .

neg: Kurt Herzog __ NOTOC __   Kurt Herzog ( 27 March 1889 , Quedlinburg -- 8 May 1948 ) was a German general during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . Herzog surrendered to the Soviet troops in May 1945 and died in captivity on 8 May 1948 .

neg: Karl Herzog __ NOTOC __   Karl Herzog ( 6 July 1906 -- 25 January 1998 ) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross .   Herzog surrendered to the Red Army in the course of the Soviet April 1945 Zemland Offensive . Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union , he was held until 1955 . Herzog joined the Bundeswehr in 1957 and retired in 1966 as a Generalmajor .

neg: Heike Werner Heike Werner ( born 30 January 1969 in Berlin ) is a German politician of the Left Party who has been Minister of Labor , Social Affairs , Health , Women , and Family on Thuringia 's Left-led cabinet since the 2014 state election . From 19992014 , she was a member of the Landtag of the Free State of Saxony .   Werner became active in politics during communist rule in East Germany . She was active in the Free German Youth and joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany at the age of 18 in 1987 . She left the party in 1990 but remained active in left-wing politics .

neg: Werner Nachmann Werner Nachmann ( 12 August 1925 in Karlsruhe , Germany -- 21 January 1988 ) , was a German entrepreneur and politician , and was president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany ( Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland ) from 1969 to 1988 .   In 1938 Nachmann fled to France and returned to Germany in 1945 as an officer of the French army . He established himself again in Karlsruhe , where he developed his family business . From 1961 to 1988 he was the chairman of the Jewish municipality in Karlsruhe and the advisor on mikvah affairs . In 1962 he became a member of the Central Council of Jews in Germany , in 1965 he was subsequently selected in its board of directors and from 1969 onwards he held the presidency . He is considered as an important pioneer of renewed cooperation between the authorities of the Federal Republic of Germany and German-Jewish organizations . For his work Nachmann was often honored during his lifetime , but criticism rose sharply from parts of the German-Jewish community in the early seventies as some found his efforts towards Jewish-German reconciliation as lacking sufficient distance to Germany .   In 1972 , he served on the organizing committee of the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich . He was also a member of the Israeli delegation .  In 1986 , he received the Theodor Heuss prize for his services to Jewish-German reconciliation and the peaceful coexistence of Jews and Christians in the Federal Republic of Germany . After his death in 1988 , Nachmann was loudly condemned when it was discovered that from 1981 to 1987 he had defrauded about 33 million DM ( $ 17 million in U.S. dollars at the time ) from a German government fund intended for victims of the Nazis . The actual whereabouts of the funds remain unknown . Nachmann 's successor in office , Heinz Galinski , strove intensively for many years to clear up the affair .   Nachmann died at the age of 62 , from heart failure .

neg: Heinrich Herzig Heinrich Herzig ( 1887 -- 1964 ) was a Swiss painter .


query: Music includes symphonies.

pos: Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) .   In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . ''   The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries .   Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show .   In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .

neg: Sinfonietta Sinfonietta can refer to :   Sinfonietta ( orchestra ) , a name for a musical group that is larger than a chamber ensemble but smaller than a full-size orchestra  Sinfonietta ( symphony ) , a symphony that is smaller in scale or lighter in approach than a standard symphony  Sinfonietta ( Janáček ) , a work by Czech composer Leoš Janáček  Sinfonietta ( ballet ) , by Jiří Kylián

neg: Oboe Quartet (Mozart) __ NOTOC __  The Oboe Quartet in F major , K. 370/368b , was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in early 1781 . The quartet is scored for oboe , violin , viola and cello . In 1780 , Mozart was invited to Munich to visit Elector Karl Theodor , who had commissioned the opera Idomeneo for a carnival celebration . While in Munich , Mozart renewed an acquaintance with Friedrich Ramm , a virtuoso oboist in the Munich orchestra . It was for Ramm that Mozart composed the quartet in order to show off his virtuosity and the improvements that had been made to the oboe at that time . One way that this piece showed off the instrument was the use of the `` high F '' above the staff , a note rarely played in any repertoire previously written for the oboe .   This piece is a work of chamber music , but it has elements that harken to other musical genres , and requires a fair amount of virtuosity . Because of its large amount of virtuosic playing on the part of the oboe and the large degree to which the strings simply accompany the oboist , it almost resembles a concerto , but with only with four players instead of an entire orchestra . Despite this , there are also a number of places within the work that require ensemble playing , for example , the famous 13-bar passage in the finale in which the oboe plays in common time against a 6/8 accompaniment .

neg: Lyric Symphony The Lyric Symphony , Op. 18 , was composed by Alexander von Zemlinsky between 1922 and 1923 and received its premiere in Prague on June 4 , 1924 , under the composer 's direction . It is Zemlinsky 's best-known work .   The work is in seven connected movements and is scored for baritone and soprano soloists and a large orchestra . The sung texts are taken from The Gardener by Rabindranath Tagore in a German translation by Hans Effenberger .   The movements are :  Ich bin friedlos , ich bin durstig nach fernen Dingen ( `` I am restless . I am athirst for far-away things '' )  O Mutter , der junge Prinz ( `` O mother , the young Prince '' )  Du bist die Abendwolke ( `` You are the evening cloud '' )  Sprich zu mir Geliebter ( `` Speak to me , my love '' )  Befrei mich von den Banden deiner Süße , Lieb ( `` Release me from the bonds of your sweetness , Love '' )  Vollende denn das letzte Lied ( `` Then finish the last song '' )  Friede , mein Herz ( `` Peace , my heart '' )   Alban Berg quoted the third movement in his Lyric Suite for string quartet .

neg: Symphony No. 28 (Haydn) Joseph Haydn 's Symphony No. 28 in A major , Hoboken I/28 , was written in 1765 .   The work is scored for 2 oboes , bassoon , 2 horns , and strings with continuo .   The work is in four movements :   Allegro di molto ,  Poco adagio in D major ,  Menuetto e Trio ( Trio in A minor ) ,  Presto ,   The first movement features a four-note motif with an answering 3-note one . The slow movement features muted strings and contrasts legato passages with dotted staccato sections that anticipate the slow movements of symphonies 60 and 65 where the juxtaposition of the two styles is more stark . The minuet features bariolage where the same note is heard repeated on different strings , an effect that would later give `` The Frog '' String Quartet , Op. 50 No. 6 , its nickname . Mark Ferraguto has discussed Haydn 's deliberate use of repetition in the trio section of the minuet .

neg: The Four Seasons (Vivaldi) The Four Seasons ( Le quattro stagioni ) is a group of four violin concerti by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi , each of which gives a musical expression to a season of the year . They were written around 1721 and were published in 1725 in Amsterdam , together with eight additional violin concerti , as Il cimento dell ` armonia e dell ` inventione ( `` The Contest Between Harmony and Invention '' ) .   The Four Seasons is the best known of Vivaldi 's works . Unusually for the time , Vivaldi published the concerti with accompanying poems ( possibly written by Vivaldi himself ) that elucidated what it was about those seasons that his music was intended to evoke . It provides one of the earliest and most-detailed examples of what was later called program music -- music with a narrative element .   Vivaldi took great pains to relate his music to the texts of the poems , translating the poetic lines themselves directly into the music on the page . In the middle section of the Spring concerto , where the goatherd sleeps , his barking dog can be marked in the viola section . Other natural occurrences are similarly evoked . Vivaldi separated each concerto into three movements , fast-slow-fast , and likewise each linked sonnet into three sections .

neg: Franz Xaver Richter Franz ( Czech : František ) Xaver Richter , known as François Xavier Richter in France ( December 1 , 1709 -- September 12 , 1789 ) was an Austro-Moravian singer , violinist , composer , conductor and music theoretician who spent most of his life first in Austria and later in Mannheim and in Strasbourg , where he was music director of the cathedral . From 1783 on Haydn 's favourite pupil Ignaz Pleyel was his deputy at the cathedral .   The most traditional of the first generation composers of the so-called Mannheim school , he was highly regarded in his day as a contrapuntist . As a composer he was equally at home in the concerto and the strict church style . Mozart heard a mass by Richter on his journey back from Paris to Salzburg in 1778 and called it charmingly written .  Richter , as a contemporary engraving clearly shows , must have been one of the first conductors to actually have conducted with a music sheet roll in his hand .   Richter wrote chiefly symphonies , concertos for woodwinds , trumpet , chamber and church music , his masses receiving special praise . He was a man of a transitional period , and his symphonies in a way constitute one of the missing links between the generation of Bach and Handel and the Viennese classic . Although sometimes contrapuntal in a learned way , Richter 's orchestral works nevertheless exhibit considerable drive and verve . Until a few years ago Richter `` survived '' with recordings of his trumpet concerto in D major but recently a number of chamber orchestras and ensembles have taken many of his pieces , particularly symphonies and concertos , in their repertoire .

neg: Piano quartet In European classical music , piano quartet denotes a chamber music composition for piano and three other instruments , or a musical ensemble comprising such instruments . Those other instruments are usually a string trio consisting of a violin , viola and cello .   Piano quartets for that standard lineup were written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Robert Schumann , Ludwig van Beethoven , Johannes Brahms , Antonín Dvořák and Gabriel Fauré among others . In the 20th century , composers have also written for more varied groups , with Anton Webern 's Quartet , opus 22 ( 1930 ) , for example , being for piano , violin , clarinet and tenor saxophone , and Paul Hindemith 's quartet ( 1938 ) as well as Olivier Messiaen 's Quatuor pour la fin du temps ( 1940 ) both for piano , violin , cello and clarinet . An early example of this can be found in Franz Berwald 's quartet for piano , horn , clarinet and bassoon ( 1819 ) , his opus 1 .   A rare form of piano quartets consist of two pianos with two players at each piano . This type of ensemble is informally referred to as `` 8 hand piano '' , or `` 2 piano 8 hands '' . 8 hand piano was popular in the late 19th century before the advent of recordings as it was a mechanism to reproduce and study symphonic works . Music lovers could hear the major symphonic works all in the convenience of a parlour or music hall that had two pianos and four pianists . Many of the popular works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Robert Schumann , Johannes Brahms , Antonín Dvořák were transcribed for two piano eight hands . The majority of 8 hand piano music consists of transcriptions , or arrangements .

neg: Symphony No. 7 (Mahler) Symphony No. 7 by Gustav Mahler was written in 1904 -- 05 , with repeated revisions to the scoring . It is sometimes referred to by the title Song of the Night ( Lied der Nacht ) , which Mahler never knew ( and certainly would be unlikely to have sanctioned ) . Although the symphony is often described as being in the key of E minor , its tonal scheme is more complicated . The symphony 's first movement moves from B minor ( introduction ) to E minor , and the work ends with a rondo finale in C major . Thus , as Dika Newlin has pointed out , `` in this symphony Mahler returns to the ideal of ` progressive tonality ' which he had abandoned in the Sixth '' . The complexity of the work 's tonal scheme was analysed in terms of `` interlocking structures '' by Graham George .

neg: 21st Century Symphony The 21st Century Symphony Orchestra is a European orchestra . It was founded in 1999 by conductor Ludwig Wicki . The orchestra performs live concerts featuring soundtracks written by notable composers for major motion picture productions . The orchestra performs in various cities throughout Europe , although most performances take place in the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre , Lucerne , Switzerland .   Soundtracks featured in recent concerts have included songs from Lord of the Rings , Star Trek , and the James Bond film series .   The 21st Century Orchestra helped record a live orchestral version on the album `` Fairytales - Best of 2006-2014 '' with Finnish band Sunrise Avenue   Category : Swiss orchestras  Category :1999 establishments in Switzerland  Category : Musical groups established in 1999

neg: The Philharmonic Orchestra The Philharmonic Orchestra ( TPO ) is an amateur orchestra in Singapore , initiated as a project by Maestro Lim Yau in 1998 . The orchestra consists of adults who have a keen and serious interest to perform music . Formerly known as the Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra Society ( PCOS ) , the group became The Philharmonic Orchestra ( TPO ) to better reflect its intention to perform both symphonic and chamber works .   The Philharmonic Orchestra seeks to breathe new life into musical works and explore a repertoire that is very much neglected by big orchestras like SSO . The orchestra held its first concert in May 1998 , performing Handel 's Fireworks Music , Prokofiev 's Classical Symphony and Mozart 's Symphony No. 41 `` Jupiter '' . For the 2007/2008 season , TPO has been engaged by Esplanade -- Theatres on the Bay to undertake a year-long performance of all Jean Sibelius ' Symphonies in a series of three concerts entitled Northern Exposure .   The Philharmonic Orchestra is also known for its commanding standard as a pit orchestra . It has received good reviews for its work as a pit orchestra when engaged by the Singapore Dance Theatre and Singapore Lyric Opera . Since then , it has stopped collaborating with the Singapore Lyric Opera , and focuses more on presenting its own concerts , the latest of which included two Haydn symphonies .   TPO currently does not rehearse at Old School anymore after management disputes between the two parties . In December 2001 and 2003 , the orchestra was engaged by the National Arts Council as the accompanying orchestra for the concerto section at the National Music Competition .

neg: Sheet music Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ) , rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece . Like its analogs -- printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages -- the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ) , although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , `` play back '' the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments .   Use of the term `` sheet '' is intended to differentiate written or printed forms of music from sound recordings ( on vinyl record , cassette , CD ) , radio or TV broadcasts or recorded live performances , which may capture film or video footage of the performance as well as the audio component . In everyday use , `` sheet music '' ( or simply `` music '' ) can refer to the print publication of commercial sheet music in conjunction with the release of a new film , TV show , record album , or other special or popular event which involves music . The first printed sheet music made with a printing press was made in 1473 .   Sheet music is the basic form in which Western classical music is notated so that it can be learned and performed by solo singers or instrumentalists or musical ensembles . Many forms of traditional and popular Western music are commonly learned by singers and musicians `` by ear '' , rather than by using sheet music ( although in many cases , traditional and pop music may also be available in sheet music form ) .   `` Score '' is a common alternative ( and more generic ) term for sheet music , and there are several types of scores , as discussed below . The term `` score '' can also refer to theatre music , orchestral music or songs written for a play , musical , opera or ballet , or to music or songs written for a television programme or film ; for the last of these , see Film score .

neg: Concert piece A concert piece ( German : Konzertstück , also Concertstuck ; French : pièce de concert , also morceau de concert ) is a musical composition , in most cases in one movement , intended for performance in a concert . Usually it is written for one or more virtuoso instrumental soloists and orchestral or piano accompaniment .   In some cases concert pieces start with a separate opening movement , or are otherwise in more than one movement or section . A piece that presents itself as a miniature concerto is rather called concertino than concert piece , although in German several such concertinos are known as Konzertstücke . For instance Siegfried Wagner 's Flute Concertino was published as . Incomplete concerto movements by Beethoven and Schubert were retroactively designated as concert pieces . Schumann 's 1841 Fantasia for piano and orchestra , in form similar to Weber 's Konzertstück , was later rewritten and expanded with two further movements into his Piano Concerto Op. 54 . When the soloist is a vocalist , the piece rather belongs to the concert aria genre . Some concert pieces are written for instrumental soloists exclusively , while also concert pieces for orchestra without soloist exist . In this sense as well Chopin 's Allegro de concert for solo piano as Tchaikovsky 's Romeo and Juliet for orchestra can be called concert pieces . A concert overture is an overture which is conceived as a stand-alone concert piece .

neg: Greater Twin Cities Youth Symphonies The Greater Twin Cities Youth Symphonies '' ( GTCYS ) is a group of youth orchestras in the Twin Cities in Minnesota . Founded in 1972 , GTCYS has served over 16,000 musicians and put on more than 500 concerts . The top orchestra has also traveled on 12 national and international tours . GTCYS currently features 8 orchestras for young musicians any age through high school .   GTCYS is a youth orchestra program based in the Greater Twin Cities metro that draws over 600 students from eastern Minnesota and western Wisconsin . Artistic director is Mark Russell Smith , who also conducts the top orchestra , Symphony .   Mission : In the conviction that music nourishes the body , mind , and spirit of the individual and enriches the community , the Greater Twin Cities Youth Symphonies provides a rigorous and inspiring orchestral experience for young musicians .   History : Founded in 1972 , GTCYS ( pronounced `` GIT-seez '' ) was created to provide an educational orchestra program for motivated music students from throughout the metropolitan area and outlying communities . Since then , more than 16,000 students have honed their musical talents and developed lifelong skills that have helped them succeed not only as musicians , but as teachers , community leaders , doctors , lawyers , business professionals , and entrepreneurs .  GTCYS holds a treasured place in the Minnesota arts and cultural landscape , with students showcasing their talents through performances at prestigious concert halls and events as well as for underserved audiences . Artistic Director Mark Russell Smith joined GTCYS ' staff in 2012 and provides dynamic leadership and artistic oversight for our programs . GTCYS collaborates with world-class artists and organizations including guest conductors Osmo Vänskä , Roberto Abbado , and Nicholas McGegan and projects with the Minnesota Chorale . Renowned for our rich international touring history , GTCYS performed by invitation at the Granada International Festival of Music and Dance ( Spain ) in 2014 and will tour Argentina in June 2016 .   In 2011 , GTCYS and the SPCO formed a strategic partnership to serve the community through music and build classical music audiences .

neg: Symphony No. 8 (Kabeláč) The 8th Symphony `` Antiphonies '' , Op. 54 , by Miloslav Kabeláč was written in 1970 as a reflection of the composer 's feelings from the invasion of Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia in 1968 and the onset of so-called `` normalization '' process in the society , which means renewal of strong dictate of the regime of pro-Soviet communist rulers , including heavy loss of basic freedoms for citizens of the country .   The composition consists of nine parts -- five movements and four interludes , structure of which is controlled by a firm logical order , proportionally and symmetry . Its structural and expressive axis is the third -- the longest movement . The intermedia linking the individual movements correspond both in time and music and differ only in an alternately opposite dynamic succession . The work is written for a percussion ensemble ( 6 musicians ) , the organ , a coloration soprano and two mixed choirs ( large and small ) . The text of the vocal part is taken from the Old testament .   The 8th Symphony was inspired by French ensemble Les Percussions de Strasbourg which presented its premiere with the Czech soloists Jana Jonášová ( soprano ) and Václav Rabas ( organ ) in Strasbourg in June 1971 .

neg: Symphony No. 5 Symphony No. 5 may refer to :   William Alwyn 's Symphony No. 5  Malcolm Arnold 's Symphony No. 5  Arnold Bax 's Symphony No. 5  Ludwig van Beethoven 's Symphony No. 5  Anton Bruckner 's Symphony No. 5  Carlos Chávez 's Symphony No. 5 for string orchestra  Jeffrey Ching 's Symphony No. 5 , `` Kunstkammer ''  Peter Maxwell Davies 's Symphony No. 5  Antonín Dvořák 's Symphony No. 5  George Enescu 's Symphony No. 5  Jacobo Ficher 's Symphony No. 5 , op. 63 , `` Asi habló Isaías '' ( 1947 )  Don Gillis 's Symphony 5 , `` In Memoriam '' ( 1944 -- 45 )  Don Gillis 's Symphony No. 5 1/2  Philip Glass 's Symphony No. 5 , Choral  Alexander Glazunov 's Symphony No. 5 , Heroic  Howard Hanson 's Symphony No. 5 , Sinfonia Sacra  Joseph Haydn 's Symphony No. 5  Michael Haydn 's Symphony No. 5 in A major , MH 63 , Perger 3 ( 1763 )  Hans Werner Henze 's Symphony No. 5  Arthur Honegger 's Symphony No. 5 ( 1950 )  Gustav Mahler 's Symphony No. 5  Bohuslav Martinů 's Symphony No. 5 , H. 310  Erkki Melartin 's Symphony No. 5 ( Melartin ) , Op. 90 Sinfonia brevis ( 1915 )  Felix Mendelssohn 's Symphony No. 5 , Reformation  Darius Milhaud 's Symphony No. 5 , Op. 322 ( 1953 )  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's Symphony No. 5  Carl Nielsen 's Symphony No. 5  Krzysztof Penderecki 's Symphony No. 5 , Korean  Walter Piston 's Symphony No. 5  Sergei Prokofiev 's Symphony No. 5  Einojuhani Rautavaara 's Symphony No. 5  Ferdinand Ries 's Symphony No. 5  George Rochberg 's Symphony No. 5  Edmund Rubbra 's Symphony No. 5 , Op. 63  Alfred Schnittke 's Symphony No. 5  Franz Schubert 's Symphony No. 5  Roger Sessions 's Symphony No. 5  Dmitri Shostakovich 's Symphony No. 5  Jean Sibelius 's Symphony No. 5  Robert Simpson 's Symphony No. 5  Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's Symphony No. 5  Ralph Vaughan Williams 's Symphony No. 5  Heitor Villa-Lobos 's Symphony No. 5 , A paz ( Peace )  Charles-Marie Widor 's Symphony for Organ No. 5 ( containing the famous Toccata )  Malcolm Williamson 's Symphony No. 5 , Aquerò   005

neg: Symphony, K. 161 (Mozart) The Symphony in D major `` No. 50 '' , K. 161/141a , was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1772 . The first two movements are from the overture to the opera Il sogno di Scipione , K. 126 , and the last movement , K. 163 , was composed separately . Köchel gave the entire work the number K. 161 ( revised to K. 141a in later editions ) .   The symphony is scored for two flutes , two oboes , two horns , two trumpets , timpani and strings . The trumpets and timpani are silent for the second movement .   The symphony consists of the following movements :   Allegro moderato ,  Andante ,  Presto ,   The Alte Mozart-Ausgabe ( published 1879 -- 1882 ) gives the numbering sequence 1 -- 41 for the 41 numbered symphonies . The unnumbered symphonies ( some , including K. 161/141a , published in supplements to the Alte-Mozart Ausgabe until 1910 ) are sometimes given numbers in the range 42 to 56 , even though they were written earlier than Mozart 's Symphony No. 41 ( written in 1788 ) . The symphony K. 161 is given the number 50 in this numbering scheme .

neg: Symphony No. 2 (Berwald) Franz Berwald completed the Symphony No. 2 in D major , `` Capricieuse , '' on June 18 , 1842 , in Nyköping . The original score has been lost since the 1850s . In 1909 , the Franz Berwald Foundation commissioned to reconstruct the score from 4-stave sketches containing indications for orchestration . Ellberg 's reconstruction was published in 1913 and first performed on January 9 , 1914 . Towards the end of the century , reviewed Ellberg 's reconstruction and published an `` urtext '' for Bärenreiter .   Ellberg 's reconstruction calls for 2 flutes , 2 oboes , 2 clarinets , 2 bassoons , 4 horns , 2 trumpets , tenor trombone , 2 bass trombones , timpani and strings . While Berwald gave clear indications for the woodwinds and strings , such as `` detailed notations ... indicating when certain wind instruments play in unison with the respective string parts or in a different octave , '' where he wanted brass and/or timpani , Berwald would merely write the names of the instruments . However , Berwald did indicate the tuning and register of the brass and timpani at the beginning of each movement .   The work is in three movements ,   Allegro  Andante  Allegro assai   and lasts about 29 and a half minutes per Berwald 's indications of duration ( from which metronome markings could be extrapolated ) .

neg: Symphony, K. 208+102 (Mozart) The Symphony in C major `` No. 52 '' , K. 208 +102 , was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1775 . The first two movements are from the opera Il re pastore , K. 208 , and the last movement , K. 102/213c , was composed separately . The movements are played one after another without a break .   The symphony is scored for two flutes , two oboes , two horns , two trumpets and strings . The flutes are silent for the third movement .   The symphony consists of the following movements :   Molto Allegro ,  Andantino ,  Presto assai ,   The first movement is the overture of the opera Il re pastore , while the second movement is the first aria from it , Aminta 's `` Intendo , amico rio '' , with the castrato voice replaced by a solo oboe . Eight additional bars were composed to replace the final bar of the aria , so as to allow the movement to lead directly into the third movement . The second movement is not written out completely , and Mozart may have indicated to a copyist to replace the voice with a solo oboe . It was once considered that the March in C , K. 214 , might be connected to the final movement , but this hypothesis has been disproven .   The Alte Mozart-Ausgabe ( published 1879 -- 1882 ) gives the numbering sequence 1 -- 41 for the 41 numbered symphonies . The unnumbered symphonies ( some , including K. 102 , published in supplements to the Alte-Mozart Ausgabe until 1910 ) are sometimes given numbers in the range 42 to 56 , even though they were written earlier than Mozart 's Symphony No. 41 ( written in 1788 ) . The symphony K. 208 +102 is given the number 52 in this numbering scheme .

neg: Song cycle A song cycle ( Liederkreis or Liederzyklus ) is a group , or cycle , of individually complete songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a unit .   The songs are either for solo voice or an ensemble , or rarely a combination of solo songs mingled with choral pieces . The number of songs in a song cycle may be as brief as two songs or as long as 30 or more songs . The term `` song cycle '' did not enter lexicography until 1865 , in Arrey von Dommer 's edition of Koch 's Musikalisches Lexikon , but works definable in retrospect as song cycles existed long before then . One of the earliest examples may be the set of seven Cantigas de amigo by the 13th-century Galician jongleur Martin Codax .   A song cycle is similar to a song collection , and the two can be difficult to distinguish . Some type of coherence , however , is regarded as a necessary attribute of song cycles . It may derive from the text ( a single poet ; a story line ; a central theme or topic such as love or nature ; a unifying mood ; poetic form or genre , as in a sonnet or ballad cycle ) or from musical procedures ( tonal schemes ; recurring motifs , passages or entire songs ; formal structures ) . These unifying features may appear singly or in combination . Because of these many variations , the song cycle `` resists definition '' . The nature and quality of the coherence within a song cycle must therefore be examined `` in individual cases '' .

neg: Homophony In music , homophony ( -LSB- həˈmɒfəni , _ hoʊ - , _ - ˈmɒfni -RSB- Greek : ὁμόφωνος , homóphōnos , from ὁμός , homós , `` same '' and φωνή , phōnē , `` sound , tone '' ) is a texture in which a primary part is supported by one or more additional strands that flesh out the harmony and often provide rhythmic contrast . This differentiation of roles contrasts with equal-voice polyphony ( in which similar lines move with rhythmic and melodic independence to form an even texture ) and monophony ( in which all parts move in unison or octaves ) . Historically , homophony and its differentiated roles for parts emerged in tandem with tonality , which gave distinct harmonic functions to the soprano , bass and inner voices .   A homophonic texture may be homorhythmic , which means that all parts have the same rhythm . Chorale texture is another variant of homophony . The most common type of homophony is melody-dominated homophony , in which one voice , often the highest , plays a distinct melody , and the accompanying voices work together to articulate an underlying harmony .   Initially , in Ancient Greece , homophony indicated music in which a single melody is performed by two or more voices in unison or octaves , i.e. monophony with multiple voices . Homophony as a term first appeared in English with Charles Burney in 1776 , emphasizing the concord of harmonized melody .


query: Before Night Falls is a biographical film.

pos: Biographical film A biographical film , or biopic ( -LSB- ˈbaɪəʊpɪk -RSB- abbreviation for biographical motion picture ) , is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people . Such films show the life of a historical person and the central character 's real name is used . They differ from films `` based on a true story '' or `` historical drama films '' in that they attempt to comprehensively tell a single person 's life story or at least the most historically important years of their lives .   Because the figures portrayed are actual people , whose actions and characteristics are known to the public ( or at least historically documented ) , biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses . Ben Kingsley , Johnny Depp , Jim Carrey , and Jamie Foxx all gained new-found respect as dramatic actors after starring in biopics : Ben Kingsley as Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi ( 1982 ) , Depp as Ed Wood in Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Carrey as Andy Kaufman in Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) , and Foxx as Ray Charles in Ray ( 2004 ) .   In rare cases , sometimes called auto biopics , the subject of the film plays himself or herself : Jackie Robinson in The Jackie Robinson Story ; Muhammad Ali in The Greatest ; Audie Murphy in To Hell and Back ; Patty Duke in Call Me Anna ; Bob Mathias in The Bob Mathias Story , Arlo Guthrie in Alice 's Restaurant ; and Howard Stern in Private Parts .   Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island and Dennis P. Bingham of Indiana University -- Purdue University Indianapolis . Custen , in Bio/Pics : How Hollywood Constructed Public History ( 1992 ) , regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era , and in particular , Darryl F. Zanuck . On the other hand , Bingham 's 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway ? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre shows how it perpetuates as a codified genre using many of the same tropes used in the studio era that has followed a similar trajectory as that shown by Rick Altman in his study , Film/Genre . Bingham also addresses the male biopic and the female biopic as distinct genres from each other , the former generally dealing with great accomplishments , the latter generally dealing with female victimization . Ellen Cheshire 's Bio-Pics : a life in pictures ( 2014 ) examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s . Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list . Christopher Robé has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article , `` Taking Hollywood Back '' in the 2009 issue of Cinema Journal . Roger Ebert defended The Hurricane and distortions in biographical films in general , stating `` those who seek the truth about a man from the film of his life might as well seek it from his loving grandmother . ... The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable . ''   Some biopics purposely stretch the truth . Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris ' widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name , in which he claimed to be a CIA agent . Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction . The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized . The Oliver Stone film The Doors , mainly about Jim Morrison , was highly praised for the similarities between Jim Morrison and actor Val Kilmer , look-wise and singing-wise , but fans and band members did not like the way Oliver Stone portrayed Jim Morrison , and a few of the scenes were even completely made up .   Casting can be controversial for biographical films . Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray the characteristics of the person . Anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of a lack of resemblance between the two . The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord . Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett , Jr. , an African American actor , as Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in the 1982 TV miniseries Sadat . Also , some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican-American .

pos: Before Night Falls (film) Before Night Falls is a 2000 American biographical romantic drama directed by Julian Schnabel . Based on the autobiography of the same name of Reinaldo Arenas , which was published in English in 1993 , the screenplay was written by Schnabel , Cunningham O'Keefe and Lázaro Gómez Carriles . The film stars Javier Bardem ( who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor ) , Johnny Depp , Olivier Martinez , Andrea Di Stefano , Santiago Magill and Michael Wincott . The film had its world premiere at the 2000 Venice International Film Festival .

neg: Before the Music Dies Before the Music Dies ( B4MD ) is a 2006 U.S. documentary film that criticizes the American music industry and the increasing commercialization of the art of music over the past thirty years . The film features interviews and performances from such musicians and groups as Doyle Bramhall II , Erykah Badu , Eric Clapton , Dave Matthews , Branford Marsalis , Elvis Costello , Bonnie Raitt and My Morning Jacket . It was directed by Andrew Shapter , produced by Joel Rasmussen , and co-written by Shapter and Rasmussen . The film premiered on March 12 , 2006 at the South by Southwest film festival in Austin , Texas .

neg: Georges Méliès filmography Georges Méliès ( 1861 -- 1938 ) was a French filmmaker and magician generally regarded as the first person to recognize the potential of narrative film . He made about 520 films between 1896 and 1912 , covering a range of genres including trick films , fantasies , comedies , advertisements , satires , costume dramas , literary adaptations , erotic films , melodramas , and imaginary voyages . His works are often considered as important precursors to further developments in modern narrative cinema , though some recent academicians have argued that Méliès 's films are better understood as spectacular theatrical creations rooted in the 19th-century féerie tradition .   After attending the first demonstration of the Lumière Brothers ' Kinetoscope in December 1895 , he bought a film projector from the British film experimenter Robert W. Paul and began using it to project short films at his theater of illusions , the Théâtre Robert-Houdin , in Paris . Having studied the principles on which Paul 's projector ran , Méliès was able to modify the machine so that it could be used as a makeshift camera . He began making his own short films with it in May 1896 , founded the Star Film Company in the same year , and built his own studio in Montreuil , Seine-Saint-Denis in 1897 . His films A Trip to the Moon ( 1902 ) , The Kingdom of the Fairies ( 1903 ) , and The Impossible Voyage ( 1904 ) were among the most popular films of the first few years of the twentieth century , and Méliès built a second studio , complete with artificial light fittings , in 1907 . However , various factors ( American film piracy , price standardizations prescribed in 1908 by the Motion Picture Patents Company , and the waning popularity of fanciful magic films chief among them ) led eventually to Méliès 's financial ruin and the closing of his studio . His last films were made under the supervision of the rival filmmaker Charles Pathé , and in 1922 -- 23 Méliès sold his studios , closed the Théâtre Robert-Houdin , and discarded his own collection of his negative and positive prints . In 1925 he began selling toys and candy from a stand in the Gare Montparnasse in Paris . Thanks to the efforts of film history devotées , especially René Clair , Jean George Auriol , and Paul Gilson , Méliès and his work were rediscovered in the late 1920s , and he was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1931 .   In the list below , Méliès 's films are numbered according to their order in the catalogues of the Star Film Company . In Méliès 's numbering system , films were listed and numbered according to their order of production , and each catalogue number denotes about 20 meters of film ( thus , for example , A Trip to the Moon , at about 260 meters long , is listed as # 399 -- 411 ) . The original French release titles , as well as the original titles used in the US and UK versions of the Star Film catalogues , are listed in the body of the filmography ; notable variant titles are provided in smaller text . The parenthetical descriptive subtitles used in the catalogues ( e.g. scène comique ) are also provided whenever possible . Films directed by Méliès but not originally released by the Star Film Company ( such as The Coronation of Edward VII , released by Charles Urban , or The Conquest of the Pole , released by Pathé Frères ) are also included . Where available , the list also includes information on whether each film survives , survives in fragmentary form , or is presumed lost . Unless otherwise referenced , the information presented here is derived from the 2008 filmography prepared by Jacques Malthête , augmented by filmographies prepared in the 1970s by Paul Hammond and John Frazer .

neg: Before the Rain (1994 film) Before the Rain ( Пред дождот , Pred doždot ) is a 1994 British-French-Macedonian film starring Katrin Cartlidge , Rade Šerbedžija , Grégoire Colin , and Labina Mitevska . It was directed and written by Milcho Manchevski . The music was created by the band Anastasia . Director of photography was Manuel Teran , editor Nicolas Gaster , production designers David Munns and Sharon Lomofsky .   The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and won the Golden Lion award at 51st Venice International Film Festival , alongside Vive L'Amour by Tsai Ming-liang .

neg: Kim Krizan Kim Krizan ( born November 1 , 1961 ) is an American writer and actress best known for originating the characters in the `` Before '' series with her writing on Before Sunrise ( 1995 ) and Before Sunset ( 2004 ) , for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and a Writers Guild Award . Both films were based on characters she created with Richard Linklater . Krizan currently resides in Los Angeles , where she writes and teaches writing courses , most notably at UCLA .

neg: A Kiss Before Dying (1956 film) A Kiss Before Dying is a 1956 American color film noir , directed by Gerd Oswald in his directorial debut . The screenplay was written by Lawrence Roman , based on Ira Levin 's 1953 novel of the same name , which won the 1954 Edgar Award for `` Best First Novel . '' The drama stars Robert Wagner , Jeffrey Hunter , Virginia Leith , Joanne Woodward , and Mary Astor . It was remade in 1991 under the same title .   Wagner plays a charming , intelligent man who will stop at nothing to get his life where he wants it to go . His problem is a pregnant woman -- played by Joanne Woodward in one of her first film roles -- who loves him . The solution involves desperate measures .

neg: Richard Holmes (biographer) Richard Holmes , OBE , FRSL , FBA ( born 5 November 1945 ) is a British author and academic best known for his biographical studies of major figures of British and French Romanticism .

neg: Smile Before Death Smile Before Death ( Il sorriso della iena ) is a 1972 Italian giallo film written and directed by Silvio Amadio .

neg: By Player is a 2000 Japanese biographical film directed by Kaneto Shindo based on the life of actor Taiji Tonoyama .   The film is a series of vignettes from Taiji Tonoyama 's life and film clips , interspersed with a dialogue to camera by Nobuko Otowa , addressing the camera as if she is addressing Tonoyama himself , recollecting events in his life . The film focuses on Tonoyama 's alcohol dependence and his various sexual relationships , as well as his film work with Shindo .

neg: American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .

neg: Robert Hammond (author) Robert Hammond ( December 29 , 1920-April 16 , 2009 ) earned a BA from the University of Rochester ( 1942 ) , and both an MA ( 1947 ) and PhD ( 1952 ) from Yale University . He was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to France ( 1949-1950 ) along with numerous other honors , fellowships and grants . Hammond was an instructor , and then professor of French at the University of Arizona ( 1953-1967 ) . He later was professor of French at Harvard University ( 1965-1966 ) , and a visiting professor of French Literature and Cinema at Wells College in Aurora , NY ( 1967-1968 ) . From 1968 , Hammond taught at SUNY-Cortland , where he also served as chair of the International Communications and Culture Department . Upon his retirement in 1988 he moved to Paris , France .   Along with being a dedicated instructor , Hammond published numerous analyses and critiques of French literature and films , translated texts between French and English , and contributed countless papers and general scholarship on the French cinema . Much of Hammond 's extensive scholarly work focuses on French filmmaker Jean Cocteau , and his bilingual edition of Cocteau 's Beauty and the Beast is widely cited within the academy . Hammond is also the author of over 40 plays in both English and French and various other works of both poetry and prose .   In 1983 Hammond donated his collection of 275 French film scripts to the Fales Library of NYU , creating the Hammond Film Script Archive and continued to acquire and donate scripts throughout the years since his original gift . As of March 2003 , the Hammond Film Script Archive consists of 454 scripts spanning the years 1935 through 1996 .   In 1995 Hammond again made a major donation in the form of his personal papers . The Robert Hammond Papers provide important links to the Film Script Archive as well as primary research materials for students working in Cinema Studies .

neg: Lindsay Anderson Lindsay Gordon Anderson ( 17 April 1923 -- 30 August 1994 ) was a British feature film , theatre and documentary director , film critic , and leading light of the Free Cinema movement and the British New Wave . He is most widely remembered for his 1968 film if ... , which won the Palme d'Or at Cannes Film Festival and was Malcolm McDowell 's cinematic debut . He is also notable , though not a professional actor , for playing a minor role in the Academy Award winning film Chariots of Fire . Malcolm McDowell produced a 2007 documentary about his experiences with Lindsay Anderson , Never Apologize .

neg: Madame Rosa Madame Rosa ( La vie devant soi ) is a 1977 French film directed by Moshé Mizrahi , adapted from the 1975 novel The Life Before Us by Romain Gary . It stars Simone Signoret and Samy Ben-Youb , and tells the story of an elderly Jewish woman and former prostitute in Paris who cares for a number of children , including an adolescent Algerian boy . The film required a transformation in Signoret 's appearance as Madame Rosa .   The film was viewed in context of Arab -- Israeli conflicts , and received positive reviews . It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , while Signoret won the César Award for Best Actress for her performance .

neg: Darkness Falls (1999 film) Darkness Falls is a 1999 drama film by John Howlett , very loosely adapted from N. J. Crisp 's psychological thriller Dangerous Obsession and directed by Gerry Lively .   N. J. Crisp 's name does not appear on the films credits .   The film was shot in late 1997 on the Isle of Man .

neg: A Brief History of Time (film) A Brief History of Time is a 1991 biographical documentary film about the physicist Stephen Hawking , directed by Errol Morris . The title derives from Hawking 's bestselling book A Brief History of Time , but whereas the book is an explanation of cosmology , the film is a biography of Hawking 's life , featuring interviews with family members , colleagues , and even his childhood nanny . The music is by frequent Morris collaborator , Philip Glass .   The film project originated with executive producer Gordon Freedman who brought the project to Anglia Television as a co-producer . After acquiring the property , Freedman met with director Steven Spielberg for advice on how to make the project into an important documentary film . Spielberg suggested Errol Morris as director . Freedman 's production company partnered with Anglia Television and Tokyo Broadcasting . David Hickman , of Anglia , became the film 's producer .

neg: Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era .   Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) .   Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death .   As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives .   This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .

neg: Beyond Citizen Kane Beyond Citizen Kane ( 1993 ) is a British documentary film directed by Simon Hartog , produced by John Ellis , and first broadcast on Channel 4 .   It details the dominant position of the Rede Globo media group , the largest in Brazil , and discusses the group 's influence , power , and political connections . Globo 's president and founder Roberto Marinho was criticised and compared to the fictional newspaper tycoon Charles Foster Kane , created by Orson Welles for the 1941 film Citizen Kane . According to the documentary , Marinho 's media group engages in manipulation of news to influence public opinion .   Rede Globo objected to the film 's position and tried to buy Brazilian rights , but Hartog had already made agreements to give non-TV rights to political and cultural groups in Brazil . While it is often claimed in Brazil that exhibiting the documentary in Brazil was forbidden by the justice , John Ellis claims that there are no legal restrictions in place , but the documentary ca n't be broadcast on TV in Brazil since it contains large sections of footage owned by Globo .   However , copies sold in Britain reached Brazil in the 1990s and circulated widely there . In addition , since the Internet boom of the early 21st century , the film has been released on sharing networks and had hundreds of thousands of views , as measured on YouTube and Google Video .

neg: Twentieth Century (film) Twentieth Century is a 1934 American pre-Code screwball comedy film . Much of the film is set on the 20th Century Limited train as it travels from Chicago to New York City . The film was directed by Howard Hawks , stars John Barrymore and Carole Lombard , and features Walter Connolly , Roscoe Karns and Edgar Kennedy . Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur adapted their Broadway play of the same name -- itself based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland -- with uncredited contributions from Gene Fowler and Preston Sturges .   Along with Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night , also released in 1934 ( which amazingly has exactly the same music over the opening titles ) , Twentieth Century is considered to be a prototype for the screwball comedy . `` Howard Hawks ' rapid-fire romantic comedy established the essential ingredients of the screwball -- a dizzy dame , a charming but befuddled hero , dazzling dialogue and a dash of slapstick . '' Its success propelled Lombard into the front ranks of film comediennes . The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011 .

neg: The Falls The Falls is a 1980 film directed by Peter Greenaway . It was Greenaway 's first feature-length film after many years making shorts . It does not have a traditional dramatic narrative ; it takes the form of a mock documentary in 92 short parts .

neg: Frank E. Woods Frank E. Woods ( 1860 -- 1 May 1939 ) was an American screenwriter of the silent era . He wrote for 90 films between 1908 and 1925 , and first became a writer with American Mutoscope and Biograph . Woods was also a pioneering film reviewer . As a writer , his contributions to film criticism are discussed in the documentary , For the Love of Movies : The Story of American Film Criticism . He was also known for his screenplay collaborations with D. W. Griffith , including the co-scripting of The Birth of a Nation . He is interred in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood , CA .   Woods was one of the 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences .

neg: Darkness Falls Darkness Falls may refer to :   Darkness Falls ( 1999 film ) , a British drama starring Ray Winstone  Darkness Falls ( 2003 film ) , an American horror film starring Emma Caulfield  Darkness Falls ( The X-Files ) , a 1994 episode of The X-Files  Darkness Falls , a 1997 online fantasy role-playing game by Mythic Entertainment  Darkness Falls , a 1994 Hardy Boys Casefiles novel  Darkness Falls , a Danish pop-noir duo formed in 2009  Darkness Falls ( The Legend of Korra ) , a 2013 episode of The Legend of Korra