query: Rope was directed.

pos: Rope (film) Rope is a 1948 American film noir psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton , and adapted by Hume Cronyn and Arthur Laurents .   The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions . Starring James Stewart , John Dall and Farley Granger , this is the first of Hitchcock 's Technicolor films , and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single continuous shot through the use of long takes .  It is the second of Hitchcock 's `` limited setting '' films , the first being Lifeboat .  The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb .

neg: Threads Threads is a 1984 British television drama jointly produced by the BBC , Nine Network and Western-World Television Inc. . Written by Barry Hines and directed by Mick Jackson , it is a docudrama account of nuclear war and its effects on the city of Sheffield in Northern England . The plot centres on two families as a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union erupts . As the nuclear exchange between NATO and the Warsaw Pact begins , the film depicts the medical , economic , social and environmental consequences of nuclear war .   Shot on a budget of # 250,000 -- 350,000 , the film was the first of its kind to depict a nuclear winter . Certain reviewers nominated Threads as the `` film which comes closest to representing the full horror of nuclear war and its aftermath , as well as the catastrophic impact that the event would have on human culture '' . It has been compared to the earlier programme The War Game produced in Britain in the 1960s and its contemporary The Day After , a 1983 ABC television film depicting a similar scenario in the United States . It was nominated for seven BAFTA awards in 1985 and won for Best Single Drama , Best Design , Best Film Cameraman and Best Film Editor .

neg: Director's Cut Awards The Director 's Cut Awards is an annual awards ceremony for excellence in film in South Korea . It is presented by the Korea Film Director 's Network ( KFDN ) , a group of approximately 300 Korean filmmakers . The KFDN selects winners in the Korean film industry in eight categories : Director , Actor ( Male/Female ) , New Director , New Actor ( Male/Female ) , Producer and Independent Film Director . It was launched in 1998 by film director Lee Hyun-seung with a membership of `` young generation '' directors in their twenties to forties .   The ceremony was temporarily discontinued after 2010 due to `` internal issues '' within the organization . It was resumed in 2014 and held concurrently with the Jecheon International Music and Film Festival ( JIMFF ) .

neg: The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council .   Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers .   In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .

neg: Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer .   Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge .   Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .

neg: Leopold and Loeb Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. ( November 19 , 1904 -- August 29 , 1971 ) and Richard Albert Loeb ( -LSB- ˈloʊb -RSB- June 11 , 1905 -- January 28 , 1936 ) , usually referred to collectively as Leopold and Loeb , were two wealthy students at the University of Chicago who in May 1924 kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Robert Franks in Chicago . They committed the murder -- widely characterized at the time as `` the crime of the century '' -- as a demonstration of their perceived intellectual superiority , which , they thought , rendered them capable of carrying out a `` perfect crime '' , and absolved them of responsibility for their actions .   After the two men were arrested , Loeb 's family retained Clarence Darrow as counsel for their defense . Darrow 's 12-hour-long summation at their sentencing hearing is noted for its influential criticism of capital punishment as retributive rather than transformative justice . Both men were sentenced to life imprisonment plus 99 years . Loeb was murdered by a fellow prisoner in 1936 ; Leopold was released on parole in 1958 .   The Franks murder has been the inspiration for several works of film , theatre , and literature , including Patrick Hamilton 's 1929 play Rope and Alfred Hitchcock 's 1948 film of the same name . Later movies , such as Compulsion -- adapted from Meyer Levin 's 1957 novel -- and Swoon , were also based on the crime .

neg: Hakkaisan Ropeway The is Japanese aerial lift line in Minamiuonuma , Niigata , operated by Prince Hotels . The line opened in 1983 as a gondola lift line , and refurbished as an aerial tramway in 2001 . It climbs of . The line mainly transports skiers , but also hikers and autumn color spectators in other seasons . The line only operates in `` winter '' ( from December to March ) and `` summer '' ( from May to October ) .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Bridgewire A bridgewire , sometimes spelled as bridge wire , also known as a hot bridge wire ( HBW ) is a relatively thin resistance wire used to set off a pyrotechnic composition serving as pyrotechnic initiator . By passing of electric current it is heated to a high temperature that starts the exothermic chemical reaction of the attached composition . After successful firing , the bridgewire melts , resulting in an open circuit .   Usually a thin nichrome wire is used . Some applications also use platinum-silver alloy ; other bridgewire materials in use are platinum , gold , silver , tungsten , etc. . Care has to be taken when selecting the material as it is in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition and should not undergo corrosion in such conditions . Another material , able to actively release chemical energy , is Pyrofuze , aluminium wire clad with palladium ; when being heated it undergoes strongly exothermic reaction as the molten metals form an alloy . A variant with the same function consists of laminated thin alternate layers of aluminium and nickel . Carbon bridge is a thin spot of colloidal graphite used as the bridgewire . Some variants use a conductive pyrotechnic composition as the resistive material . In amateur rocketry , grossly overloaded low wattage metal film resistors and 0805 Surface-mount technology resistors are also used .   A shallow notch cut into the center of the bridgewire promotes gross localized overheating instead of homogeneous heating of the entire bridgewire . This may improve the bridgewire performance in some applications .   Bridgewires are used in diverse applications ; to trigger detonators , electric matches , squibs , electric blasting caps , pyrotechnic fasteners , and more . Bridgewires dipped in a suitable pyrotechnic composition ( pyrogen ) are known as electric matches . Pyrogens with content of magnesium allow reaching very high combustion temperatures .   Devices using bridgewires , whether for initiating an explosion ( `` electroexplosive '' ) or for nonexplosive purposes , are called bridge wire actuated devices ( BWAD ) .   Bridgewires , especially connected to longer cables , may be susceptible to initiation by currents induced by external electromagnetic fields .   By passing an extremely high amount of electric current through the bridgewire , it gets rapidly vaporized , causing a small explosion . This is exploited in exploding-bridgewire detonators ( EBWs ) , used for very safe and highly precise initiation of explosives , e.g. in nuclear weapons .

neg: Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia .   The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' .   Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . )   Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro .   The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world .   Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture .   Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process .   Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ .   Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions .   Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . ''   Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television .    link title   http://about.me/kenkokin

neg: Nail knot The nail knot , also known as the tube knot or gryp knot , is mostly used in carp and fly-fishing . The nail knot was named because a nail was inserted as a guide when threading the line . Today , it is easier to use a small straw . The nail knot is an important fishing knot used to join two lines of different diameters and allows for line diameters to diminish down to the fly . I.E. , it is useful for attaching your backing to the fly line , and your fly line to the leader , or tippet . The knot can be tied in multiple ways and is uniform .   Most common uses in fly-fishing are attaching the leader to the fly line and attaching the fly line to the backing . Fly-fishing is an angling method in which an artificial `` fly '' is used to catch fish . The fly is cast using a fly rod , reel , and specialized weighted line . Casting a nearly weightless fly or `` lure '' requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting . Fly fishermen use hand-tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates or other food organisms , or `` lures '' to provoke the fish to strike . Carp anglers use the nail knot to attach monofilament-fishing line and/or braided fishing line to lead core leader material .   To tie the nail knot by hand is very difficult ; therefore some anglers use a nail knot-tying tool . It is one of those deceptively simple , clever , useful , and easy to use tools that many seem to own . This tool also seems to fly `` under the radar '' in terms of public awareness . It allows fishermen to tie any size monofilament , fluorocarbon line or fishing braid to any size fishhook , fishing lure or lead core in just seconds . With it you can tie various knots , but it is best known for the nail/gryp knot . It ca n't come untied because the untied end is gripped by all the turns of the knot . This knot will not slip , even if you make a hair loop on a carp hair rig , as the tag end goes under all the wraps .   How To Tie the Nail Knot   Lay a nail or hollow tube against the end of a fly line . Set the butt section end of a leader against the line and tube . Leave an extra 10 -- 12 ″ of its tag end to tie the knot .  Make 6 -- 8 close together wraps , working left to right , back around the leader , line and tube or nail . Pass the tag end through the tube or the spaces made by the nail and remove the tube .  Pull tag end to snug up the coils , then tag end and leader to seat the knot firmly onto the fly line .  Trim tag end close to the knot .

neg: Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic .   Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Rope (data structure) In computer programming , a rope , or cord , is a data structure composed of smaller strings that is used to efficiently store and manipulate a very long string . For example , a text editing program may use a rope to represent the text being edited , so that operations such as insertion , deletion , and random access can be done efficiently .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Bondage (2006 film) Bondage is a 2006 film written and directed by Eric Allen Bell ( creator of Global One TV ) . The film had limited release in January 2006 .

neg: Jerked Jerked , also known as May the Best Man Win , is an American comedy film directed by Andrew O'Connor and co-written with Lee Hupfield and Matthew Robinson . The film stars Whitmer Thomas , Drew Tarver , Rosa Salazar , Budd Diaz and Ryan Grassmeyer .

neg: Wire A wire is a single , usually cylindrical , flexible strand or rod of metal . Wires are used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals . Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate . Wire gauges come in various standard sizes , as expressed in terms of a gauge number . The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands , as in `` multistranded wire '' , which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics , or a cable in electricity .   Wire comes in solid core , stranded , or braided forms . Although usually circular in cross-section , wire can be made in square , hexagonal , flattened rectangular , or other cross-sections , either for decorative purposes , or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in loudspeakers . Edge-wound coil springs , such as the Slinky toy , are made of special flattened wire .

neg: Office Lady Rope Slave aka Oniroku Dan 's OL Rope Slave and sometimes mis-referenced as is a 1981 Japanese film in Nikkatsu 's Roman porno series , directed by Katsuhiko Fujii and starring Junko Mabuki .

neg: Rope and Breasts is a 1983 Japanese film in Nikkatsu 's Roman porno series , directed by Masaru Konuma and starring Nami Matsukawa .

neg: Barenaked in America Barenaked in America is a 1999 documentary film about the Canadian band Barenaked Ladies filmed during the 1998-1999 Stunt tour . Directed by actor Jason Priestley , the film was first shown at the Toronto International Film Festival . The band and director introduced the film at the Winter Garden theatre .   Barenaked in America was originally released in the United States through a distribution deal with Blockbuster Video , and was available only for rental in VHS format . Blockbuster put many of its remaining copies on the sale rack , in an effort to eliminate its inventory , after their exclusive deal had expired .   Barenaked in America has since been released on DVD in territories outside of North America , with no word on a US or Canadian release . The film has run on premium movie channels in the US .


query: Prince released zero albums in 2004.

pos: Prince (musician) Prince Rogers Nelson ( June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 ) was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' .   Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind ( 1980 ) , Controversy ( 1981 ) , and 1999 ( 1982 ) -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide . After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day ( 1985 ) and Parade ( 1986 ) , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times ( 1987 ) as a solo artist . He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 .   In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations . He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology ( 2004 ) . His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 .

neg: Prince & Princess `` Prince & Princess '' is the third single from Versailles , released on December 10 , 2008 . The single was released in six different versions ; five with a different member on the cover and one regular edition with the whole group on the cover plus the bonus track `` Silent Knight '' . This version of `` Prince '' is slightly different from the one that was first distributed free of charge on the band 's website and then added to the October 22 reissue of their first album , Noble . `` Princess '' is featured on the band 's second album Jubilee , albeit as the re-recording `` Princess - Revival of Church - '' .

neg: Flying Free Flying Free is the fourth studio album by Native American band Black Eagle , released in March 9 , 2004 and recorded in July 2002 . It received the Grammy Award for Best Native American Music Album in 2004 .

neg: Live in 2004 Live in 2004 is a live-double album released on August 3 , 2004 by the Washington , D.C.-based go-go band Rare Essence . The album was recorded live at The Classics Nightclub in Suitland , Maryland , and consists of an audio CD of the concert , and a video DVD of the same concert .

neg: Space (Prince song) `` Space '' is a song by American musician Prince from his 1994 album Come .  The B-side of the single is actually the album track . The A-side is the Universal Love Radio Remix of `` Space '' , with completely new lyrics .   In the album version of `` Space '' Prince sings about being obsessed with a lover and wanting to take their love higher comparing to the likes of space whereas the Universal Love Remix features a rap from Prince at the end which is lyrically similar to his smash hit `` When Doves Cry '' with a new bridge saying `` All the pain that a human has to go through , in a planet that 's so bitter and cold / Universal love awaits you , baby all you got to say is that you really , really , really wan na go / And we 're outta here '' .

neg: Me and Mr. Johnson Me and Mr. Johnson is a 2004 album recorded by Eric Clapton consisting of covers of songs written and originally recorded by Robert Johnson . Released in March 2004 by Reprise Records , with the cover painted by Sir Peter Blake , using a series of photographs of Clapton . Clapton had planned to record an album of new material , but by the time of the recording sessions there were not enough new songs written , so the band instead recorded a series of Johnson songs . Me and Mr. Johnson sold more than two million albums worldwide and reached the Top 10 in more than 15 countries . A companion album and video release entitled Sessions for Robert J was released on December 7 , 2004 , and featured different versions of each of the songs from the studio album .

neg: Tangerine Tree Tangerine Tree was a fan project operating from 2002 through 2006 with the goal of collecting , preserving and distributing unreleased concerts and other audio material by the band Tangerine Dream . The creators of the Tangerine Tree project received permission from Tangerine Dream to release the collection on a strict non-profit basis . Several of the Tangerine Tree volumes have been used as the basis for official Tangerine Dream releases . The project collected just under 300 hours of material ( 291:39:26 ) .   Material was collected from audience recordings , soundboard recordings , recordings of radio and TV transmissions and in some cases the purchase of studio masters . Only recordings of a high quality and a unique nature were considered for the core Tangerine Tree volumes . These recordings were professionally re-mastered and released on CD-R and accompanied by high quality artwork for the CD labels and case liners .   Tangerine Leaves releases were based on material that did not meet the quality standards of the Tangerine Tree or from concerts that were not considered notable among a series of concerts . If a better source was found , a Tangerine Leaves volume might have been deprecated and replaced by a Tangerine Tree volume . Starting from 1980 , the music played during each of the shows in a single Tangerine Dream concert tour were very similar , so it was impractical to release many volumes of the Tangerine Tree with similar content .   Audio DVD Tree volumes consisted of about two sets of the Tangerine Tree volumes on a DVD that played to a slideshow of the CD artwork . These releases were standard DVDs with a menu structure and were available in both PAL and NTSC versions .

neg: Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album) Platinum & Gold Collection , released in 2004 , is the second greatest hits compilation by Toni Braxton , following Ultimate Toni Braxton released in 2003 . It is a budget CD with fewer songs than Ultimate , but it has the remix versions of some songs . Although the album was not given a proper release in the United States and is considered an international release , it has sold 281,518 copies in the US as of February 2012 .

neg: Pop (Joachim Witt album) POP is the eleventh studio album released by Joachim Witt in 2004 .

neg: The Old Prince The Old Prince is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Shad , released October 23 , 2007 on Black Box Recordings . On June 30 , 2009 it was re-released on iTunes on the same label .

neg: Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions .   Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction .   Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .

neg: Gotta Stop (Messin' About) `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was the follow-up single in the UK to support Prince 's third album , Dirty Mind . The single was not an album track , though it was written at the same time , and possessed a similar sound . `` Got ta Stop Messin ' About '' b/w `` Horny Toad '' marked the first time Prince released non-album tracks , which , especially as B-sides , would become a prominent part of his career .   The song is keyboard dominated , and the lyrics speak of a woman who 's constantly `` messin ' about '' with other men . The song contains familiar Prince themes of sexual frustration , masturbation and sexual metaphors . The track consists of two verses and multiple repeats of the chorus . It was played live on the Dirty Mind Tour with an extended instrumental section at the end .   `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was released in the UK as two separate 7 '' singles , one with the Dirty Mind track `` Uptown '' as a B-side , and the other with `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , from Prince . Each single also had an accompanying 12 '' single , both with the same tracks as the 7 '' and both including the song `` Head '' , from Dirty Mind . Despite an extensive advertising campaign and promotion , and coinciding with Prince 's first UK gig , neither issue of the single charted . The track would later be released in the U.S. as the B-side of the 12 '' single for `` Let 's Work '' , and become a highly sought-after collector 's item . `` Got ta Stop ( Messin ' About ) '' was also later released on The Hits/The B-Sides and Prince 4Ever .

neg: Hit n Run Phase Two Hit n Run Phase Two is the thirty-ninth and final studio album by American recording artist Prince and the last to be released before his death on April 21 , 2016 . It was initially released exclusively on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 for streaming and purchase as a continuation of his previous album , Hit n Run Phase One .   Prince confirmed on Twitter that a physical CD would be released during a weekend of Paisley Park shows in January 2016 . The CD was given away to attendees of the shows on the Australian and New Zealand leg of the Piano & A Microphone Tour . The album was finally given a worldwide CD release on May 6 , 2016 through Universal Music Group .

neg: Around the World in a Day Around the World in a Day is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Prince , and the second to feature his backing band The Revolution . It was released on April 22 , 1985 by Paisley Park Records and Warner Bros. . Records . Departing somewhat from the commercial sound of his previous release , the massively successful Purple Rain ( 1984 ) , the album instead saw Prince experimenting with psychedelic styles and more opulent textures . In compliance with Prince 's wishes , the record company released the album with minimal publicity , withholding accompanying singles until almost a month after the album 's release .   Around the World in a Day was released to notably mixed reception after the success of Purple Rain , though it nonetheless sold relatively well , eventually going double platinum and becoming Prince and the Revolution 's second number-one album on the Billboard 200 . Two of its four singles reached the top 10 : `` Raspberry Beret '' and `` Pop Life '' .

neg: Little Prince Little Prince may refer to :   The Little Prince , French writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 's most famous novella and the eponymously named character within the story , or other versions of the story adapted for various media , including :  The Little Prince ( 1974 film ) , a 1974 musical film directed by Stanley Donen  The Little Prince ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 computer-animated fantasy film directed by Mark Osborne  The Little Prince ( play ) , a theatrical adaptation  The Little Prince ( opera ) , a 2003 opera in two acts by Rachel Portman to an English libretto by Nicholas Wright  The Adventures of The Little Prince ( TV series ) , an anime series  The Little Prince ( 2010 TV series )  The Little Prince and the Aviator , a 1981 musical theatre adaptation  List of The Little Prince adaptations , a listing of The Little Prince story adapted into various media  Petit-Prince ( moon ) ( English : Little Prince ) , a small moon orbiting asteroid 69 Eugenia , named jointly in honour of the French Empress Eugénie 's son , the Prince Imperial , and as allusion to the eponymously named Saint-Exupéry novella The Little Prince  Little Prince ( chief ) ( also named : Tastanaki Hopayi and Tustanagee Hopae , died 1832 ) , chieftain and longtime representative of the Muscogee ( Lower Creeks ) tribe in the United States  `` Little Prince '' ( Miami Vice ) , episode of the 1980s undercover cop television series Miami Vice  `` The Little Prince '' ( Lost ) , 2009 episode in the fifth season of the American television series Lost  `` Little Prince '' ( song ) , a 1974 song by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner which featured in the 1974 film and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 47th Academy Awards  The Little Prince ( EP ) , a 2016 extended play ( EP ) by South Korean singer Kim Ryeowook , a member from boy band Super Junior

neg: Music Inspired by Watership Down Music Inspired by Watership Down is a progressive rock album by Swedish musician Bo Hansson . The album is Hansson 's fourth solo album and is , as its name suggests , built around musical ideas inspired by Richard Adams ' heroic fantasy novel Watership Down . It was the second album of Hansson 's to have been based on a novel ; his first solo album , Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings , had likewise been based on J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings . Hansson had already composed and released a musical suite inspired by Watership Down on his previous album Attic Thoughts . However , beyond its title , the Music Inspired by Watership Down album contains few overt references to the novel and instead features excerpts from the works of various poets , such as John Keats and Alexander Pope .   Music Inspired by Watership Down was originally released in Sweden as El-Ahrairah by YTF Records in 1977 . This title was taken directly from the pages of Watership Down , with El-Ahrairah being the name of a trickster , folk hero-deity rabbit , known as `` The Prince with a Thousand Enemies '' . The album was subsequently released with its English title by Charisma Records in the United Kingdom and Sire Records in the United States , but it failed to chart on either side of the Atlantic . Music Inspired by Watership Down was reissued on CD in 2004 by Virgin Records .

neg: Lovesexy Tour The Lovesexy Tour was a tour by American recording artist-musician Prince in 1988 -- 1989 in support of his platinum album , Lovesexy . The tour was his last outing in the 1980s .

neg: I Wish U Heaven `` I Wish U Heaven '' is a song by Prince , and the third single from his 1988 album , Lovesexy . It is a joyful , spiritual song with few lyrics , which runs 2:43 . The 12 '' single is a substantially extended three-part suite which runs over ten minutes . This song was a replacement for `` The Line '' , an upbeat jam featuring Sheila E. on backing vocals . *   Part One of the mix starts with a stripped-down version of the Lovesexy album song , remixed with a dance beat . The original drum programming and rhythmic electric guitar riffs are deleted for much of the song .   Part Two is a gospel rendition with new lyrics , continuing the spiritual theme . This part of the song was often sung in concert during the Lovesexy World Tour . The beginning of this section paraphrases lyrics from `` Housequake '' , from the previous album Sign '' ☮ '' the Times . Prince also quotes the film Scarface with the lines `` Say hello to my little friend ... '' and then introduces the `` Blue Angel '' , a new blue version of his custom `` White Cloud '' guitar featured in the film Purple Rain . Sheila E. is also given a call out , and her voice can be heard responding in this section .   Part Three is based on an outtake called `` Take This Beat '' and deviates quite a bit from the original theme . This segment has Prince using his `` Jamie Starr '' persona to humorously tout the fact that he 's funky , musically talented , and has plenty of beats ( songs ) that are `` so fine '' . The song ends with a looped repeat of the title . This version of the song became one of the highlights during the supporting tour in which Prince would usually order the house lights to be turned up , and instruct the crowd during a call and response segment .   The B-side , `` Scarlet Pussy '' , is credited to Prince 's alter ego , Camille . The song is very sexual , using metaphors of cats and dogs for sexual organs , a theme Prince previously used for the B-side `` La , La , La , He , He , Hee '' . Prince uses his sped-up Camille vocals , as well as a slowed-down vocal , similar to `` Bob George '' from The Black Album . The song features a saxophone solo from Eric Leeds . The decision to include such a raunchy song with the spiritual A-side was noteworthy . The edit of `` Scarlet Pussy '' was included on 1993 's The Hits/The B-Sides .

neg: Prince of Darkness (Alice Cooper album) Prince of Darkness is a compilation album by Alice Cooper released in 1989 . There is no new material released on the album ; however the live version of `` Billion Dollar Babies '' ( Live ) was only released as the B-Side to the RCA single of `` He 's Back ( The Man Behind the Mask ) '' thus making this CD it 's only official digital release .

neg: Sleep No More (DJ Signify album) Sleep No More is the first studio album by American hip hop producer DJ Signify . It was released on Lex Records in 2004 . It features guest appearances from rappers Buck 65 and Sage Francis .

neg: No Pleasantries No Pleasantries is the debut album of American post-grunge band U.P.O. Released on May 30 , 2000 , the album broke U.P.O. into the mainstream rock scene and was their most successful release . It was made available on iTunes on September 22 , 2004 .   In promotion of No Pleasantries , U.P.O. toured throughout 2000 with popular acts such as Linkin Park , Nickelback , Godsmack , and 3 Doors Down . July saw the group joining Slipknot , Slayer , and Metallica on the Tattoo the Earth Tour . U.P.O. played two more shows in 2001 before their brief hiatus .


query: Duleep Singh was denied the title of Maharaja.

pos: Duleep Singh Maharaja Duleep Singh , GCSI ( 6 September 1838 -- 22 October 1893 ) , also known as Dalip Singh and later in life nicknamed the Black Prince of Perthshire , was the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire . He was Maharaja Ranjit Singh 's youngest son , the only child of Maharani Jind Kaur .   After the assassinations of four of his predecessors , he came to power in September 1843 , at the age of five . For a while , his mother ruled as Regent , but in December 1846 , after the First Anglo-Sikh War , she was replaced by a British Resident and imprisoned . Mother and son were not allowed to meet again for thirteen and a half years . In April 1849 ten-year-old Duleep was put in the care of Dr John Login .   He was exiled to Britain at age 15 and was befriended and much admired by Queen Victoria , who is reported to have written of the Punjabi Maharaja : `` Those eyes and those teeth are too beautiful '' . The Queen was godmother to several of his children .   In 1856 , he tried to contact his mother , but his letter and emissaries were intercepted by the British in India , and did not reach her . However , he persisted and , with help from Login , was allowed to meet her on 16 January 1861 at Spence 's Hotel in Calcutta and return with her to the United Kingdom . During the last two years of her life , his mother told the Maharaja about his Sikh heritage and the Empire which once had been his to rule .

neg: Punjab, Pakistan Punjab ( Urdu , Punjabi : , panj-āb , `` five waters '' : ) , is Pakistan 's second largest province by area after Balochistan , and its most populous province with an estimated population of 101,391,000 as of 2015 . It is bordered by Sindh , Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , as well as the regions of Islamabad Capital Territory and the Azad Kashmir . It also shares borders with the Indian states of Punjab , Rajasthan , and Jammu and Kashmir . The provincial capital of Punjab is the city Lahore , a cultural centre of Pakistan where the country 's cinema industry , and much of its fashion industry , are based .   Punjab has been inhabited since ancient times . The Indus Valley Civilization , dating to 2600 BCE , was first discovered at Harappa . Punjab features heavily in the Hindu epic poem , the Mahabharata , and is home to Taxila , site of what is considered by many to be the oldest university in the world . In 326 BCE , Alexander the Great defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes near Mong , Punjab . The Umayyad empire conquered Punjab in the 8th century CE . Punjab was later invaded by Tamerlane , Babur , and Nader Shah . Punjab reached the height of its splendour during the reign of the Mughal Empire , which for a time ruled from Lahore . Following a successful rebellion , Sikh-led armies claimed Lahore in 1759 . The administration of the Sikh Empire was based out of Lahore , until its defeat by the British . Punjab was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan , with Lahore being site of both the Declaration of Indian Independence , and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan . The province was formed when the Punjab province of British India was divided along religious boundaries in 1947 by the Radcliffe Line after Partition .   Punjab is Pakistan 's most industrialised province with the industrial sector making up 24 % of the province 's gross domestic product . Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relative prosperity , and has the lowest rate of poverty amongst all Pakistani provinces . A clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province ; with poverty rates in prosperous northern Punjab amongst the lowest in Pakistan , while some in south Punjab are amongst the most impoverished . Punjab is also one of South Asia 's most urbanized regions with approximately 40 % of people living in urban areas . Its human development index rankings are high relative to the rest of Pakistan .   Punjab is known in Pakistan for its relatively liberal social attitudes . The province has been strongly influenced by Sufism , with numerous Sufi shrines spread across Punjab which attract millions of devotees annually . The founder of the Sikh faith , Guru Nanak , was born in the Punjab town of Nankana Sahib near Lahore . Punjab is also the site of the Katasraj Temple , which features prominently in Hindu mythology . Several UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Punjab , including the Shalimar Gardens , the Lahore Fort , the archeological excavations at Taxila , and the Rohtas Fort .

neg: Punjabis The Punjabis ( Punjabi : , ਪ ਜਾਬੀ ) , or Punjabi people , are an ethno-linguistic group associated with the Punjab , who speak Punjabi , an Indo-Aryan language . Punjab literally means the land of five waters ( Persian : panj ( `` five '' ) āb ( `` waters '' ) . The name of the region was introduced by the Greeksas Pentapotamia , which was later translated into Persian by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire . Punjab is often referred to as the breadbasket in both Pakistan and India .   The coalescence of the various tribes , castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab into a broader common `` Punjabi '' identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE . Prior to that the sense and perception of a common `` Punjabi '' ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist , even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab had long shared linguistic , cultural and racial commonalities .   Traditionally , Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic , geographical and cultural . Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion , and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region , or associate with its population , and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue . Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture , since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections . More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background .   Historically , the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari ( literally meaning `` brotherhood '' ) or tribes , with each person bound to a clan . However , Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes . With the passage of time , tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society , as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society .

neg: Western Satraps The Western Satraps , Western Kshatrapas , or Kshaharatas ( 35 -- 405 ) were Indo-Scythian ( Saka ) rulers of the western and central part of India ( Saurashtra and Malwa : modern Gujarat , Maharashtra , Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states ) . They are so named in contrast to the `` Northern Satraps '' who ruled around East Punjab and the area of Mathura .   The Western Satraps were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and were possibly their overlords , and the Satavahana ( Andhra ) who ruled in Central India . They are called `` Western '' in contrast to the `` Northern '' Indo-Scythian satraps who ruled in the area of Mathura , such as Rajuvula , and his successors under the Kushans , the `` Great Satrap '' Kharapallana and the `` Satrap '' Vanaspara . Although they called themselves `` Satraps '' on their coins , leading to their modern designation of `` Western Satraps '' , Ptolemy in his 2nd century `` Geographia '' still called them `` Indo-Scythians '' . The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Saka rulers were defeated by the south Indian Emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni of the Satavahana dynasty . Later the Saka kingdom was completely destroyed by Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE .   Altogether , there were 27 independent Western Satrap rulers during a period of about 350 years . The word Kshatrapa stands for satrap , itself descended from Old Persian and which means viceroy or governor of a province .

neg: Jai Singh III Jai Singh III ( 25 April 1819 -- 6 February 1835 ) , was the Maharaja of Jaipur State from 1819 until 1835 . He was a son of Jagat Singh of Amber , Raja of Jaipur .

neg: Asian Relations Conference The Asian Relations Conference took place in New Delhi in March-April 1947 . It was hosted by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru , who then headed a provisional government that was preparing for India 's Independence , which came on 15 August 1947 . The Asian Relations Conference brought together many leaders of the independence movements in Asia , and represented a first attempt to assert Asian unity . The objectives of the conference were `` to bring together the leading men and women of Asia on a common platform to study the problems of common concern to the people of the continent , to focus attention on social , economic and cultural problems of the different countries of Asia , and to foster mutual contact and understanding . ''   In his writings and speeches , Nehru had laid great emphasis on the manner in which post-colonial India would rebuild its Asia connections . At this conference Nehru declared : '' ... Asia is again finding herself ... one of the notable consequences of the European domination of Asia has been the isolation of the countries of Asia from one another . ... Today this isolation is breaking down because of many reasons , political and otherwise ... This Conference is significant as an expression of that deeper urge of the mind and spirit of Asia which has persisted ... In this Conference and in this work there are no leaders and no followers . All countries of Asia have to meet together in a common task ... ''

neg: Nashipur Nashipur is located in the Murshidabad district in West Bengal , India . It was the only princely state ruled by an Agarwal at the time of Indian independence .   Founder of Nashipur dynasty is said to be Maharaja Debi Singh . He migrated from Panipat ( now in Haryana ) in the 1770s . He settled down first at Bokhara in Murshidabad District of West Bengal , which lies on the Azimgunge-Nalhati Branch line of Eastern Railway . The nearest station is Moregram . He established a temple dedicated to Sri Sri Giri Gobardhan Dhari Deb Thakur along with his residence . The ruins of the temple can still be seen there . Maharaja Deby Singh later shifted his residence to Nashipur in Murshidabad District . Later on the Deity of Sri  Sri Giri Gobardhan Dhari Deb Thakur was shifted to Nashipur by his descendant Raja Ranendra Narayan Sinha Bahadur in the 1970s . The title of `` Raja '' and later on `` Maharaja '' was conferred on him by the then British Government on account of his good work of tax collection from a number of districts of Bengal , in his capacity as Dewan ( or tax collector ) . The Rajas following him are Raja Bahadur Sinha Bahadur - Raja Hanumanta Singh - Raja Udmanta Singh - Raja Kissen Chand - Raja Kirtee Chand - Maharaja Ranajit Sinha - Raja Bhupendra Narayan Sinha Bahadur - Raja Ranendra Narayan Sinha Bahadur and presently Ranjoy Sinha .

neg: Suraj Parkash The book Gur Partap Suraj , popularly known as the Suraj Parkash is detailed work of 51,829 verses describing the lives of the last nine Sikh Gurus and Banda Bahadur . It was finished in 1843 by Bhai Santokh Singh . It is a sequel to his own Nanak Prakash , describing the life of the first Guru .   The lives of the Gurus , are divided into twelve Raas or sections . The life of the tenth Guru is presented in six Ruts ( literally six seasons ) , and into two Ayans , the ascending and descending phases of the year . The whole work is written Braj dialect of classical Hindi , with a significant use of Sanskrit words .   Bhai Santokh Singh is said to have drawn from the writings of Bhai Gurbaksh Singh , who had been one of Guru Gobind Singh 's teachers and passed on his history to Bhai Sahib Singh .   Suraj Parkash is one of the most revered Sikh scriptures which is recited regularly in the afternoon in a katha form ( story telling manner ) in all the gurdwaras .   Suraj Parkash was first edited by Bhai Vir Singh during 1926-1935 . On the direction of the SGPC , Professor Kirpal Singh has started the re-editing of Suraj Parkash to remove `` mythological content '' , which shows Hindu influence and place it in an appendix . The editing has been criticised by some as amounting to `` poetic as well as religious sacrilege ''

neg: Sunyatphaa Sunyatphaa or Udayaditya Singha was the king of Ahom Kingdom from 1670 CE to 1672 CE . After his elder brother Swargadeo Chakradhwaj Singha died in the middle of Ahom-Mughal war , Udayaditya Singha succeeded to the throne . His reign witnessed the end of Ahom-Mughal war , which started during the reign of Chakradhwaj Singha , when the Mughal army led by Rajput prince , Raja Ram Singh I of Amber , was decisively defeated by the Ahom forces led by Ahom commander Lachit Borphukan in the Battle of Saraighat . The later part of his reign was characterized by the failure of military expedition against the Dafala tribes and the influence of Paramananda Sannyasi , a saintly figure from Brindaban , over Udayaditya Singha . Udayaditya 's over exerted devotion towards Paramananda Sanyasi , aroused dissatisfaction among the nobles , which ultimately caused his deposition and execution . His reign was followed by a series of political anarchy and internal disturbances in the Ahom kingdom which continued till the accession of Gadadhar Singha in 1681 CE .

neg: Government of India Act 1858 The Government of India Act 1858 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( 21 & 22 Vict . c. 106 ) passed on August 2 , 1858 . Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company ( who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament ) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown . Lord Palmerston , then-Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , introduced a bill for the transfer of control of the Government of India from the East India Company to the Crown , referring to the grave defects in the existing system of the government of India . However , before this bill was to be passed , Palmerstone was forced to resign on another issue .  Later Edward Henry Stanley , 15th Earl of Derby ( who would later become the first Secretary of State for India ) introduced another bill which was originally titled as `` An Act for the Better Government of India '' and it was passed on August 2 , 1858 . This act provided that India was to be governed directly and in the name of the Crown .

neg: List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India . Instituted on 2 January 1954 , the award is given for the `` exceptional and distinguished service '' , without distinction of race , occupation , position , or sex . The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of Indiaa publication released weekly by the Department of Publication , Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices . The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette . Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored , both of which require the authority of the President , are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register . , none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored . The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments , the Ministries of the Government , the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients , the Institutes of Excellence , the Ministers , the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State , and the Members of Parliament including private individuals . The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee , constituted by the Prime Minister . The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval .   When instituted in 1954 , the Padma Vibhushan was classified as `` Pahela Warg '' ( Class I ) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards ; preceded by the Bharat Ratna , the highest civilian award , and followed by `` Dusra Warg '' ( Class II ) , and `` Tisra Warg '' ( Class III ) . On 15 January 1955 , the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards ; the Padma Vibhushan , the highest of the three , followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri . The criteria includes `` exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants '' but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists . The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute . The award , along with other personal civil honours , was briefly suspended twice in its history ; for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister . The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 , after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister . The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992 , when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being `` Titles '' per an interpretation of Article 18 ( 1 ) of the Constitution . The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995 , following the conclusion of the litigation .   The recipients receive a Sanad ( certificate ) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award . The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1 +3 / 4 inch in diameter and 1/8 inch thick . The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1 +3 / 16 inch side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern . A raised circular space of diameter 1 +1 / 16 inch is placed at the centre of the decoration . A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text `` Padma '' written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text `` Vibhushan '' is placed below the lotus . The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto , `` Satyameva Jayate '' ( Truth alone triumphs ) in Devanagari Script , inscribed on the lower edge . The rim , the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text `` Padma Vibhushan '' of silver gilt . The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1 +1 / 4 inch in width . It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations .   The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were Satyendra Nath Bose , Nandalal Bose , Zakir Husain , Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher , V. K. Krishna Menon , and Jigme Dorji Wangchuck , who were honoured in 1954 . , the award has been bestowed on 300 individuals , including twelve posthumous and nineteen non-citizen recipients . Some of the recipients have refused or returned their awards ; Vilayat Khan , Swami Ranganathananda , and Manikonda Chalapathi Rau refused the award ; the family members of Lakshmi Chand Jain ( 2011 ) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi ( 2016 ) declined their posthumous conferments , and 1986 recipient Baba Amte returned his honour in 1991 . Most recently on 25 January 2017 , the award has been bestowed upon seven recipients ; Murli Manohar Joshi , Sharad Pawar , Udupi Ramachandra Rao , Jaggi Vasudev , K. J. Yesudas and posthumously on Sunder Lal Patwa and P. A. Sangma .

neg: Sardar Ajit Singh Sardar Ajit Singh ( 1881 -- 1947 ) was a revolutionary , an Indian dissident , and a nationalist during the time of British rule in India . With compatriots , he organised agitation by Punjabi peasants against anti-farmer laws known as the Punjab Colonisation Act ( Amendment ) 1906 and administrative orders increasing water rate charges . He was an early protester in the Punjab region of India who challenged British rule , and openly criticized the Indian colonial government . In May 1907 , With Lala Lajpat Rai , he was exiled to Mandalay in -LSB- Burma -RSB- -RSB- . Due to great public pressure and apprehension of unrest in the Indian Army , the bills of exile were withdrawn and both men were released in November 1907 .   With his brothers Kishan Singh and Swaran Singh , and Sufi Amba Parshad , he continued publishing political literature about how the British Government of India was planning to arrest them and put them in prison long-term . Along with Sufi Amba Parshad , he escaped to Iran in 1909 , remaining in exile for 38 years . He returned to India in March 1947 , breathing his last on the morning of 15 August 1947 at Dalhousie , Punjab , the very day India was declared independent of British rule .   Sardar Ajit Singh was the uncle of Sardar Bhagat Singh .

neg: Male Rao Holkar Shrimant Subhedar Male Rao Holkar II Bahadur ( 1745 - 5 April 1767 ) , belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas was the Maharaja of Indore ( r. 1766 - 1767 ) . He was only son of Khande Rao Holkar Bahadur , and his wife Ahilya Bai Holkar .

neg: Bhaddaiyan Raj After the defeat of Chauhan army in the battle of Tarain , the whole empire started crumbling and fell to the Ghorids and the neighboring states . Emperor Prithviraj Chauhan 's son Govindraj went southwards from Delhi and strengthened the stronghold of Chauhans in Malwa region and made it his base , the fortress came to be known as Ranthambore or Ranastambhpura .   Till beginning of 14th century the Chauhans held Ranthambhore and the region of Malwa , Maharaj Hammir Dev Chauhan lost the state to Alauddin Khilji in 1301 during his campaign . Hamirdev 's son Ramdev chauhan left the fort before it fell and goes on exile towards Awadh region.Later Ramdev 's son , Takshah singh is given the title of `` Rajkunwar '' ( Raj is the family title of the imperial chauhans and was used in their name and kunwar stands for the person who will carry the legacy of the imperial Chauhans i.e. a son , so rajkunwar stands for the person who will carry the legacy of the royal Chauhan blood or their direct descendent ) by his father and he moves to the bank of river Gomti in present Sultanpur district in Uttar Pradesh .

neg: Thapa Thapa ( थापा pronunciation : -LSB- t̪ʰāpā -RSB- ) is the surname commonly used by Nepali people belonging to the Chhetri caste of Khas group , an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group and Magar people , a Sino-Tibetan ethno-linguistic group . Kshetri Thapa of Kshatriya Varna are addressed as Thapa Kaji while Thapa Magar are addressed as general Magar .   Kshatriya Thapa dynasty were one of the four noble family to be involved in active politics of Nepal together with Shah dynasty , Basnyat/Basnets and Pandes before rise of Rana dynasty . and ruled between 1806 to 1837 and 1843 to 1845 . Thapas played important role in Unification of Nepal and had held many prestigious post in the Malla Court and Bijayapur Court . This family grew prominent during the rule of King Prithvi Narayan Shah and were established as dominant faction during reign of King Rana Bahadur Shah .  After the assassination of King Rana Bahadur Shah , Bhimsen Thapa rose to the event killing all his enemies and catapulting the Thapa family as most dominant faction in the Royal Court of Nepal .   Thapa family were strengthened in the Royal court by including family members of the another Thapa Bharadar Amar Singh Thapa . Bada ( Elder ) Kaji Amar Singh Thapa was a legendary military commander and National Hero of Nepal . Thapas have important role in Anglo-Nepalese War where Colonial Power British India Company had major loss at First Campaign . Colonel Ujir Singh Thapa was sector commander at Jitgadh , Kaji Ranajor Singh Thapa at Jaithak , Sardar Bhakti Thapa at Deuthal , Colonel Ranabir Singh Thapa at Makawanpurgadhi and Bada Kaji ( Elder Kaji ) Amar Singh Thapa at Malaon .   Bhimsen 's nephew PM Mathabarsingh Thapa was known for his charisma from whom Jung Bahadur Rana rose to power . Thus , the state of administrative Thapa rule in Nepal is politically termed as Thapadom .   Kshetri Thapa was divided into clans ( subgroups ) like Bagale Thapa , Godar Thapa , Deoja Thapa , Thakuryal Thapa , Mugali ( Lamichhane ) Thapa , Kalikote Thapa , Suyal Thapa , Punwar Thapa , Khulal Thapa , Sonal Thapa , Bhandare Thapa , Achhami Thapa , Ghimire Thapa , Maharaji Thapa , Patkheti Thapa , Gaunle Thapa and others .   Modern day Thapas are prominent in wide professions . Manjushree Thapa , an English language author is known for Forget Kathmandu : An Elegy for Democracy ( 2005 ) , was shortlisted for the Lettre Ulysses Award in 2006 . Gagan Thapa , a popular 40-year-old minister is in the Nepalese cabinet . Ujwal Thapa , the President of Bibeksheel Nepali is a leading youth activist and entrepreneur .

neg: Rajaram of Thanjavur Srimant Rajasri Rajaram Rajah Sahib Bhonsle Chhatrapati was the eldest son of Prathapasimha , the younger brother of Shivaji III of Thanjavur , by his first wife . He succeeded his uncle Shivaji III as the Senior Prince of Thanjavur and the head of the House of Bhonsle on the former 's death .

neg: Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid Diwan Sir Abdul Hamid ( also known as Khan Bahadur Abdul Hamid ) born in Jalandhar was the Prime Minister of Kapurthala Princely State in India under the British Raj .

neg: Misl Misl generally refers to the sovereign states of the Sikh Confederacy that rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent .   The misls formed a commonwealth that was described by Antoine Polier as an `` aristocratic republic '' .   Although the misls were unequal in strength , and each misl attempted to expand its territory and access to resources at the expense of others , they acted in unison in relation to other states .   The misls held biannual meetings of their legislature , the Sarbat Khalsa in Amritsar .

neg: Reasi district Reasi district is a district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir . The Reasi district is bordered by Udhampur district and Ramban district in the east , Jammu district in the south , Rajouri district in the west and by Kulgam district on the north . The Reasi and Rajouri tehsiles formed a joint district called the `` Reasi district '' at the time of princely state 's accession to India in 1947 . As part of the reorganisation , the two tehsils were separated and Reasi was merged with the Udhampur district . It again became a separate district in 2006 .   Reasi is one of the oldest towns of the Jammu and Kashmir State . It was the seat of the erstwhile Bhimgarh State , said to have been established by Raja Bhim Dev sometime in the 8th century . It remained an independent principality till 1822 , when Raja Gulab Singh the then Raja of Jammu hill region , under the Sikh empire , consolidated the small states .

neg: Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh ( 27 October 1871 -- 8 November 1942 ) , born to royalty , was a suffragette in the United Kingdom . She lived in Germany before World War II with her governess Fräulein Lina Schäfer , with whom she had a lifelong relationship . She was the daughter of Maharaja Duleep Singh , son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh , known as the `` Lion of the Punjab '' , who abdicated his kingdom of Punjab to the British Raj following political maneuvering by Governor-General Dalhousie in India . Her mother was Maharani Bamba Müller .   Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh and Schäfer lived in and toured Europe until the latter 's death on 27August 1937 . Singh died in 1942 . After World WarII , her name was again in the news upon the discovery of a jewel box stashed in a vault and a joint bank account in a Swiss bank . After several claimants had been rejected , the box and contents of the bank account were awarded by a Swiss tribunal to the family of a secretary of her elder sister Bamba in Pakistan .

neg: Ghadar Party The Ghadar Party was an organisation founded by Punjabi-Sikhs , principally Sikhs in the United States and Canada with the aim of securing India 's independence from British rule . Key members included , Sohan Singh Bhakna , Kartar Singh Sarabha , Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah and Rashbehari Bose .   Projection of Lal Hardyal as ` brain ' behind , the Ghadar movement has been disputed by reputed historian Ajmer Singh as ` an implicit attempt to reject and subsume the Sikh identity of the Ghadar leaders into pan-Indian identity ' . He quotes Baba Bhakna as saying in his autobiography that ` Lala Hardyal was most intelligent person but had no consistency and perseverance of a fighter ... ... ... . . and he was hired only to edit the Ghadar newspaper where he worked only for six months ... ... . . and then left for Germany thereafter not to come back to US again ' . During stay in Germany , Lala Hardyal lost his earlier anti-British fervor , rather , began singing paeans of the British and later wrote a book in their praise which was freely distributed in India by the British administration .  After the outbreak of World War I , Ghadar party members returned to Punjab to agitate for rebellion alongside the Babbar Akali Movement . In 1915 they conducted revolutionary activities in central Punjab and organised uprisings . Their presence challenged the hold of the British Empire ; police surveillance in Punjabi villages increased in an attempt to crush the rebellion . The party is known for setting the foundation for future Indian revolutionary movements and served as a stepping stone for independence . Though predominantly Sikh , the party included members and leaders of many religions , demonstrating an accepting and  democratic attitude towards all people as they united in their patriotism . After the conclusion of the war , the party in America split into Communist and Anti-Communist factions . The party was formally dissolved in 1948 .