query: Steven Knight directs the making of a film.

pos: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

pos: Steven Knight Steven Knight ( born 1959 ) is a British screenwriter and film director . He read English at University College London ( UCL ) . Knight has written the screenplays for the films Closed Circuit , Dirty Pretty Things and Eastern Promises , and also directed as well as written the films Locke and Hummingbird ( a.k.a. Redemption ) . Knight is also one of three creators of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? , a game show that has been remade and aired in around 160 countries worldwide , and has written for BBC 's Commercial Breakdown , The Detectives , Peaky Blinders and Taboo .

neg: Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer .   Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively .   In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards .   Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Super Troopers Super Troopers is a 2001 American crime-comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar , written by and starring the Broken Lizard comedy group ( Jay Chandrasekhar , Kevin Heffernan , Steve Lem me , Paul Soter and Erik Stolhanske ) . Marisa Coughlan , Daniel von Bargen and Brian Cox co-star while Lynda Carter has a cameo appearance . In total , Fox Searchlight paid $ 3.25 million for distribution rights of the film and grossed $ 23.1 million at the box office .   A sequel , Super Troopers 2 , is currently filming and is expected to be released in 2017 .

neg: Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2008 4th AFCA Awards   Best Film :  The Dark Knight  The 4th Austin Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in filmmaking for 2008 , were announced on December 16 , 2008 .

neg: Night Skies Night Skies was a science fiction horror film that was in development in the late 1970s , but was never actually made . Steven Spielberg conceived the idea after Close Encounters of the Third Kind . Instead , material developed at the time was used in Poltergeist and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial .

neg: Antidote Films For the Australian film distribution company , see Antidote Films ( Australia ) .   Antidote Films , also known as Antidote International Films , Inc. , is an independent film production company founded by producer Jeff Levy-Hinte based in the Hudson Square neighborhood of New York City . In 2008 , Antidote completed several documentaries , including Soul Power and The Dungeon Masters , both of which premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival .   Antidote produced Roman Polanski : Wanted and Desired , a documentary directed by Marina Zenovich , which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winner of the Documentary Editing Award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , the film will be released domestically by HBO and internationally through The Weinstein Company .   Prior to this , Antidote produced several narrative films until The Last Winter , when the company shifted its focus to documentary .   Other Antidiote productions include the eco-horror thriller The Last Winter ; The Hawk Is Dying , adapted from Harry Crews ' novel and directed by Julian Goldberger ; Mysterious Skin , directed by Greg Araki ; and Thirteen , directed by Catherine Hardwicke .   In 2003 Daily Variety announced Antidote 's plans for a film adaptation of the JT LeRoy novel ` Sarah ' , to be directed by Steven Shainberg . According to The New York Times , when Shainberg learned that JT LeRoy was a literary persona and that Laura Albert was the actual author of Sarah , he decided `` to make a ` meta-film , ' a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling ` Sarah Plus . ' '' The Times also reported that this new project `` required the rights to Laura Albert 's story , rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant . '' In June 2007 Antidote sued Albert for fraud , claiming that a contract signed with JT LeRoy to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void . After a Manhattan jury found Albert liable in monetary damages for the tort of fraud because she had signed her nom de plume to the movie contract , The New York Times noted that Jeffrey Levy-Hinte said , `` if Ms. Albert , who never made a fortune from her literary works , could not afford to pay the judgment , he might have to consider laying claim to the rights to her past and future books . '' Levy-Hinte 's chief lawyer insisted , `` Neither Jeff nor I want to ruin Laura Albert . We just want her to behave with a little more integrity . '' After an appeal , the damages awarded were reduced by settlement with Antidote in 2009 , and Laura Albert retained the rights to her books and her life story .

neg: David A. Goldsmith David A. Goldsmith lives and works in the UK and Italy . His career in television spans the vast technological changes : from film to videotape ; from black & white to colour ; from terrestrial to satellite ; from the UK 's three national networks to the plethora of channels today ; from analogue to digital ; from 405 lines to High Definition . He moved through the ranks : from a Programme Assistant in educational television to a presenter of Ready Steady Go ! ; from film Location Manager at the newly formed Yorkshire TV to Programme Director ; from drama to current affairs ; from making documentaries in ITV to directing at ITN where he won a BAFTA award covering the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege .   Other experiences include : teaching at the then London College of Printing , TV production for the Metropolitan Police , directing the pan-European satellite experiment , setting up the BBC 's school of TV Journalism in Bucharest , starting the RGB news production Partnership , and as a Vice President at ScanSat Broadcasting launching its news department .   In 1993 he acted as an advisor to a start up television company in Hungary . Assisted in the production of a documentary about the British television industry .   His documentaries mainly in the field of human rights range : from the 1964 civil rights campaign in Mississippi to Amnesty International 's concern about the state of human rights in Mexico ; from following the Six-Day War in Jerusalem to the role of policewomen under the Equal Opportunities Act ; from World War I Old Contemptibles in Flanders to Hells Angels in Great Britain . His enthusiasm for the documentary led to his book The Documentary Makers published by RotoVision . Since 2006 he has been developing a film project to be shot in Venezuela .

neg: The Dark Knight (video game) The Dark Knight is a cancelled action video game loosely based on the film of the same name . The game was unofficially announced in the summer of 2007 to be developed by Pandemic Studios as an open world Batman game .   The game was confirmed , albeit unofficially , on July 18 , 2008 by actor Gary Oldman during an interview with G4 's Kristin Adams . In his interview on GameTrailers , Oldman said he knew an awful lot of effort had gone into getting Batman 's gliding abilities to feel suitably smooth and fluid for The Dark Knight game . Oldman , who reprised his role as Lt. Jim Gordon , did not name a developer in the interview but anonymous sources reported that The Dark Knight was a secret project of Pandemic Studios and EA .   Despite prior speculation , no further announcements were made regarding production of the game , even upon the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of the films on December 9 , 2008 in the United States . According to a Newsweek article , the lack of a game at the same time of the movie 's release may have cost an estimated $ 101 million in missed revenue . EA and Pandemic Studios had announced that the game would come out on the PlayStation 3 . Pandemic Brisbane , who were responsible for developing this game , has since been shut down and the project cancelled . In 2009 , Warner Bros. would instead publish Batman : Arkham Asylum with Rocksteady Studios as the developer , which would start the Batman : Arkham series .

neg: Reporter (film) Reporter is a 2009 documentary film about the work of New York Times columnist Nicholas D. Kristof in the Democratic Republic of Congo . Executive produced by Ben Affleck and directed by Eric Daniel Metzgar , the HBO movie captures life in the war-ravaged African country and specifically focuses on the challenges faced by international correspondents in covering the region 's crises .

neg: Steven Conrad Steven Conrad ( born 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , film producer and director .

neg: Kartemquin Films Kartemquin Films is a 501 ( c ) 3 non-profit production company located in Chicago , Illinois , that produces a wide range of documentary films . It is the documentary filmmaking home of acclaimed producers such as Gordon Quinn ( A Good Man ) , Steve James ( Hoop Dreams ) , Maria Finitzo ( Mapping Stem Cell Research : Terra Incognita ; In the Game ) , Joanna Rudnick ( In the Family ) , Bill Siegel ( The Trials of Muhammad Ali ) , and Aaron Wickenden ( Almost There ) .   The organization was founded in 1966 by Gordon Quinn , Jerry Temaner and Stan Karter , three University of Chicago graduates who wanted to make documentary films guided by their principle of `` Cinematic Social Inquiry . '' They were soon joined by Jerry Blumenthal , who remained an integral part of the organization until he died on November 13 , 2014 . Gordon Quinn remained Executive Director through late 2008 when he transitioned to Artistic Director , and Justine Nagan was named Executive Director . In 2015 , Betsy Steinberg , former managing director of the Illinois Film Office , was named the new Executive Director .   In 2015 , Gordon Quinn was announced as the International Documentary Association 's Career Achievement Award recipient for his contributions to documentary filmmaking on over 50 films , and his services to the field through advocacy around fair use and public media .   In 2016 , Kartemquin 's 50th Anniversary was recognized with awards from Ashland International Film Festival ; Chicago International Music and Movies Festival ( CIMMfest ) ; the Peace on Earth Film Festival ; and the Chicago Latino Film Festival , and with retrospectives at Hot Docs ; UCLA Film and Television Archives ; the University of Chicago 's Doc Films ; and on Chicago 's PBS Station WTTW , and with a unique art and equipment exhibition at the City of Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events ' Expo 72 gallery .

neg: Batman: Year One (film) Batman : Year One is a 2011 animated superhero film , based on the four-issue story arc of the same name printed in 1987 . It premiered at Comic-Con on July 22 and was officially released October 18 , 2011 . The film was directed by Lauren Montgomery and Sam Liu . It is the 12th film released under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner , and was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and Digital copy .

neg: Dark Rising Dark Rising is a science fiction comedy franchise created by Andrew Cymek and adapted for film and television by Mihkel Harilaid . The original film , Dark Rising : Bring Your Battle Axe , was released in 2007 and featured the introduction of Summer Vale .   The story was brought to television as Dark Rising : The Savage Tales of Summer Vale ( 2011 ) but shortly returned to feature film with Dark Rising : Summer Strikes Back ( 2011 ) . Mihkel Harilaid of Black Walk Films leads the series ' production as Executive Producer and each component has been directed by Andrew Cymek of Defiant Empire Films .   The franchise is once again in production of a one-hour drama series , Dark Rising : Warrior of Worlds , set for release in 2013 in co-operation with Mar Vista Entertainment . The series was picked up by Super Channel 1 in Canada and started on July 20 .

neg: Life Itself (film) Life Itself is a 2014 American biographical documentary film about film critic Roger Ebert , directed by Steve James and produced by Zak Piper , Steve James and Garrett Basch . The film is based on Ebert 's 2011 memoir of the same name . It premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was an official selection at the 67th Cannes Film Festival . The 41st Telluride Film Festival hosted a special screening of the film on August 28 , 2014 . Magnolia Pictures released the film theatrically in the United States and simultaneously via video on demand platforms on July 4 , 2014 .   On December 2 , 2014 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that the film was 1 of 15 films shortlisted in the Documentary Feature category for the 87th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated . It was also nominated for two News & Documentary Emmy Awards , winning the award for Outstanding Editing : Documentary & Long-Form .

neg: Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair is a simulation game created and published by Knowledge Adventure for Windows and Macintosh . It was released in 1996 in the United States of America .   In the game , the player is guided by film director Steven Spielberg ( appearing as himself ) through the comprehensive process of moviemaking , including scriptwriting , filming , and editing , using pre-generated film clips featuring Jennifer Aniston , Quentin Tarantino , Katherine Helmond , and Penn & Teller , among others . The game features advice from Hollywood professionals such as editor Michael Kahn , special effects supervisor Michael Lantieri , and cinematographer Dean Cundey . The game was produced by Roger Holzberg , who directed Spielberg in scenes in which Spielberg himself appeared .

neg: Ivory Tower (1998 film) Ivory Tower is a 1998 drama film about young people trying to enter the computer industry in Silicon Valley . The film was directed by Darin Ferriola , and stars Michael Ironside , Patrick Van Horn , Kari Wührer , and James Wilder .

neg: Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star .   Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .

neg: Arn – The Knight Templar Arn -- The Knight Templar ( Arn - Tempelriddaren ) is an epic film based on Jan Guillou 's trilogy about the fictional Swedish Knight Templar Arn Magnusson . The film was released to cinemas in Sweden on 17 December 2007 and the sequel , Arn -- The Kingdom at Road 's End ( Arn -- Riket vid vägens slut ) , was released August 22 , 2008 , but both films were combined into a single cut for the English release on DVD in 2010 . While the film is mostly in Swedish and most of the production was made in Sweden , the film is a joint production between Sweden , Denmark , Norway , Finland and Germany . With a total budget of around SEK 210 million ( ca . US $ 30 million ) for both films , it is the most expensive production in Swedish cinema .

neg: The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos .   Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker .   A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .

neg: A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein .   The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival .   Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts .   Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .


query: Killer whales can be found in tropical oceans.

pos: Killer whale The killer whale or orca ( Orcinus orca ) is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family , of which it is the largest member . Killer whales have a diverse diet , although individual populations often specialize in particular types of prey . Some feed exclusively on fish , while others hunt marine mammals such as seals and dolphins . They have been known to attack baleen whale calves , and even adult whales . Killer whales are apex predators , as there is no animal that preys on them . Killer whales are considered a cosmopolitan species , and can be found in each of the world 's oceans in a variety of marine environments , from Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical seas .   Killer whales are highly social ; some populations are composed of matrilineal family groups ( pods ) which are the most stable of any animal species . Their sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviours , which are often specific to a particular group and passed across generations , have been described as manifestations of animal culture .   The International Union for Conservation of Nature currently assesses the orca 's conservation status as data deficient because of the likelihood that two or more killer whale types are separate species . Some local populations are considered threatened or endangered due to prey depletion , habitat loss , pollution ( by PCBs ) , capture for marine mammal parks , and conflicts with human fisheries . In late 2005 , the Southern Resident Killer Whales , the population that inhabits British Columbia and Washington state waters , were placed on the U.S. Endangered Species list .   Wild killer whales are not considered a threat to humans , but there have been cases of captive orcas killing or injuring their handlers at marine theme parks . Killer whales feature strongly in the mythologies of indigenous cultures , with their reputation ranging from being the souls of humans to merciless killers .

neg: Naso caesius Naso caesius , the gray unicornfish , is a tropical fish found in coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean .

neg: Omura's whale Omura 's whale or the dwarf fin whale ( Balaenoptera omurai ) is a species of rorqual about which very little is known . Before its formal description , it was referred to as a small , `` dwarf '' or `` pygmy '' form of Bryde 's whale by various sources . The common name and specific epithet commemorate Japanese cetologist Hideo Omura .   The scientific description of this whale was made in Nature in 2003 by three Japanese scientists . They determined the existence of the species by analysing the morphology and mitochondrial DNA of nine individuals -- eight caught by Japanese research vessels in the late 1970s in the Indo-Pacific and an adult female collected in 1998 from Tsunoshima , an island in the Sea of Japan . Later , abundant genetic evidence confirmed Omura 's whale as a valid species and revealed it to be an early offshoot from the rorqual lineage , diverging much earlier than Bryde 's and sei whales . It is perhaps more closely related to its larger relative , the blue whale .   In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World , the `` species '' is relegated to being a synonym of Balaenoptera edeni . However , the authors note that this is subject to a revision of the genus . The database ITIS lists this as a valid taxon , noting a caveat on the disputed systematics of this species , Balaenoptera edeni and Balaenoptera brydei .

neg: Ocean sunfish The ocean sunfish or common mola ( Mola mola ) is the heaviest known bony fish in the world . Adults typically weigh between 247 and . The species is native to tropical and temperate waters around the globe . It resembles a fish head with a tail , and its main body is flattened laterally . Sunfish can be as tall as they are long when their dorsal and ventral fins are extended .   Sunfish live on a diet consisting mainly of jellyfish , but because this diet is nutritionally poor , they consume large amounts to develop and maintain their great bulk . Females of the species can produce more eggs than any other known vertebrate , up to 300,000,000 at a time . Sunfish fry resemble miniature pufferfish , with large pectoral fins , a tail fin , and body spines uncharacteristic of adult sunfish .   Adult sunfish are vulnerable to few natural predators , but sea lions , killer whales , and sharks will consume them . Among humans , sunfish are considered a delicacy in some parts of the world , including Japan , Korea , and Taiwan . In the EU , regulations ban the sale of fish and fishery products derived from the family Molidae . Sunfish are frequently caught in gillnets .   A member of the order Tetraodontiformes , which also includes pufferfish , porcupinefish , and filefish , the sunfish shares many traits common to members of this order . The ocean sunfish , Mola mola , is the type species of the genus .  __ TOC __

neg: Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( Mar Caribe Mer des Caraïbes Caraïbische Zee ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere . It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west , to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba , to the east by the Lesser Antilles , and to the south by the north coast of South America .   The entire area of the Caribbean Sea , the numerous islands of the West Indies , and adjacent coasts , are collectively known as the Caribbean . The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 km2 ( 1,063,000 sq mi ) . The sea 's deepest point is the Cayman Trough , between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica , at 7,686 m ( 25,220 ft ) below sea level . The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays : the Gulf of Gonâve , Gulf of Venezuela , Gulf of Darién , Golfo de los Mosquitos , Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras .   The Caribbean Sea has the world 's second biggest barrier reef , the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef . It runs 1000 km along the coasts of Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , and Honduras .

neg: Drift ice Drift ice is any sea ice other than fast ice , the latter being attached ( `` fastened '' ) to the shoreline or other fixed objects ( shoals , grounded icebergs , etc. ) . Drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents , hence its name . When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass ( > 70 % coverage ) , it is called pack ice . Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to several metres in height . These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas .   Drift ice consists of floes , individual pieces of sea ice 20 m or more across . There are names for various floe sizes : small -- 20 m to 100 m ; medium -- 100 m to 500 m ; big -- 500 m to 2000 m ; vast -- 2 km to 10 km ; and giant -- more than 10 km .   Seasonal ice drift in the Sea of Okhotsk by the northern coast of Hokkaidō , Japan has become a tourist attraction of this area with harsh climate , and is one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan . The Sea of Okhotsk is the southernmost area in the Northern hemisphere where drift ice may be observed .   Drift ice affects :  Security of navigation  Climatic impact ( see Polar ice packs )  Geological impact  Biosphere influence ( see Ecology of sea ice )   The two major ice packs are the Arctic ice pack and the Antarctic ice pack . The most important areas of pack ice are the polar ice packs formed from seawater in the Earth 's polar regions : the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean . Polar packs significantly change their size during seasonal changes of the year . Because of vast amounts of water added to or removed from the oceans and atmosphere , the behavior of polar ice packs has a significant impact on global changes in climate .

neg: Halobates Halobates or sea skaters are a genus with over 40 species of water striders . While many are coastal , about five of these are able to survive and stand on the surface of the open ocean , a habitat containing very few insect species . They are predators , coastal species feeding mainly on fallen terrestrial insects while the oceanic species feed on plankton . The coastal species lay their eggs on rocks near the shore , the oceanic species attach their egg masses on floating objects such as cuttlebone , feathers and plastic waste . Species are found around the world , commonly near the equator . Most are tiny , the body length being about half a centimeter but with long legs of up to 2 centimeters . They are wingless and the abdomen is short and compressed compared to the length of the thorax . Gravid females may appear to have an elongated abdomen .   They were first collected by Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz , a doctor who was part of a Russian expedition aboard the Rurik between 1815 and 1818 .   Some species of storm petrel actively feed on Halobates , sometimes splashing the water with their feet to attract or detect sea striders .   The five pelagic species of Halobates are H. micans , H. germanus , H. sericeus , H. splendens and H. sobrinus of which the last four are found only in the Pacific Ocean . The only species with a wide distribution is Halobates micans , which is found in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans .   A fossil species H. ruffoi is known from 45-million-year-old deposits in Verona , Italy .   Close relatives of the genus include Austrobates and Asclepios .

neg: Coral reef fish Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs . Coral reefs form complex ecosystems with tremendous biodiversity . Among the myriad inhabitants , the fish stand out as colourful and interesting to watch . Hundreds of species can exist in a small area of a healthy reef , many of them hidden or well camouflaged . Reef fish have developed many ingenious specialisations adapted to survival on the reefs .   Coral reefs occupy less than one percent of the surface area of the world oceans , but still they provide a home for 25 percent of all marine fish species . Reef habitats are a sharp contrast to the open water habitats that make up the other 99 % of the world oceans .   However , loss and degradation of coral reef habitat , increasing pollution , and overfishing including the use of destructive fishing practices , are threatening the survival of the coral reefs and the associated reef fish .

neg: Circumpolar deep water Circumpolar Deep Water ( CDW ) is a designation given to the water mass in the Pacific and Indian oceans that essentially characterizes a mixing of other water masses in the region . A distinguishing characteristic is the water is not formed at the surface , but rather by a blending of other water masses , including the North Atlantic Deep Water ( NADW ) , the Antarctic Bottom Water ( AABW ) , and the Pacific Intermediate Water Masses .   CDW , the greatest volume water mass in the SO , is a mixture of North Atlantic Deep Water ( NADW ) , Antarctic Bottom Water ( AABW ) , and Antarctic Intermediate Water ( AAIW ) , as well as recirculated deep water from the Indian and Pacific Oceans ( e.g. , Wüst 1935 ; Callahan 1972 ; Georgi 1981 ; Mantyla and Reid 1983 ; Charles and Fairbanks 1992 ; You 2000 )   Because the Circumpolar Deep Water is a mix of other water masses , its TS profile is simply the point where the TS lines of the other water masses converge . TS diagrams refer to temperature and salinity profiles , which are one of the major ways water masses are distinguished from each other . The convergence of the TS lines thus proves the mixing of the other water masses .  Circumpolar deep water is between 1 and 2 degrees Celsius and has a salinity between 34.62 and 34.73 practical salinity units .    In recent decades , hundreds of glaciers draining the Antarctic Peninsula ( 63 ° to 70 ° S ) have undergone systematic and progressive change . These changes are widely attributed to rapid increases in regional surface air temperature , but it is now clear that this can not be the sole driver . A strong correspondence has been discovered between mid-depth ocean temperatures and glacier-front changes along the approximately 1000-kilometer western coastline . In the south , glaciers that terminate in warm Circumpolar Deep Water have undergone considerable retreat , whereas those in the far northwest , which terminate in cooler waters , have not . Furthermore , a mid-ocean warming since the 1990s in the south is coincident with widespread acceleration of glacier retreat . The conclusion is that changes in ocean-induced melting are the primary cause of retreat for glaciers in this region .

neg: Pelagic zone Any water in a sea or lake that is neither close to the bottom nor near the shore can be said to be in the pelagic zone . The word `` pelagic '' is derived . The pelagic zone can be thought of in terms of an imaginary cylinder or water column that goes from the surface of the sea almost to the bottom . Conditions differ deeper in the water column such that as pressure increases with depth , the temperature drops and less light penetrates . Depending on the depth , the water column , rather like the Earth 's atmosphere , may be divided into different layers .   The pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km3 ( 320 million mi3 ) with a mean depth of 3.68 km and maximum depth of 11 km . Fish that live in the pelagic zone are called pelagic fish . Pelagic life decreases with increasing depth . It is affected by light intensity , pressure , temperature , salinity , the supply of dissolved oxygen and nutrients , and the submarine topography , which is called bathymetry . In deep water , the pelagic zone is sometimes called the open-ocean zone and can be contrasted with water that is near the coast or on the continental shelf . In other contexts , coastal water not near the bottom is still said to be in the pelagic zone .   The pelagic zone can be contrasted with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea . The benthic zone is the ecological region at the very bottom of the sea . It includes the sediment surface and some subsurface layers . Marine organisms living in this zone , such as clams and crabs , are called benthos . The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone . It can be significantly affected by the seabed and the life that lives there . Fish that live in the demersal zone are called demersal fish , and can be divided into benthic fish , which are denser than water so they can rest on the bottom , and benthopelagic fish , which swim in the water column just above the bottom . Demersal fish are also known as bottom feeders and groundfish .

neg: Grenadiers (fish) Grenadiers or rattails are generally large , brown to black gadiform marine fish of the family Macrouridae . Found at great depths from the Arctic to Antarctic , members of this family are amongst the most abundant of the deep-sea fish .   The macrourids form a large and diverse family with 28 extant genera recognized ( well over half of the total species are contained in just three genera , Coelorinchus , Coryphaenoides , and Nezumia ) . They range in length from about 10 cm in Hymenogadus gracilis to 1.5 m in Albatrossia pectoralis . An important commercial fishery exists for the larger species , such as the giant grenadier and Coryphaenoides rupestris . The family as a whole may represent up to 15 % of the deep-sea fish population .   Typified by large heads with large mouths and eyes , grenadiers have slender bodies that taper greatly to very thin caudal peduncles or tails ( excluding one species with no tail fin ) : this rat-like tail explains the common name ` rattail ' and the family name Macrouridae , from the Greek makros meaning `` great '' and oura meaning `` tail '' . The first dorsal fin is small , high , and pointed ( and may be spinous ) ; the second dorsal fin runs along the rest of the back and merges with the tail and extensive anal fin . The scales are small .   As with many deep-living fish , the lateral line system in grenadiers is well-developed ; it is further aided by numerous chemoreceptors located on the head and lips and chemosensory barbels underneath the chin . Benthic species have gas bladders with unique muscles attached to them . The animals are thought to use these muscles to `` strum '' their gas bladders and produce sound , possibly playing a role in courtship and mate location . Light-producing organs , photophores , are present in some species ; they are located in the middle of the abdomen , just before the anus and underneath the skin .   Living at depths from 200 to , grenadiers are the most common benthic fish of the deep ( however , two genera are known to prefer the midwater ) . They may be solitary or may form large schools , as with the roundnose grenadiers . The benthic species are attracted to structural oases , such as hydrothermal vents , cold seeps , and shipwrecks . They are thought to be generalists , feeding on smaller fish , pelagic crustaceans such as shrimp , amphipods , cumaceans , and less often cephalopods and lanternfish . As well as being important apex predators in the benthic habitat , some species are also notable as scavengers .   As few rattail larvae have been recovered , little is known of their life histories . They are known to produce a large number ( over 100,000 ) of tiny ( 1 - in diameter ) eggs made buoyant by lipid droplets . The eggs are presumed to float up to the thermocline ( the interface between warmer surface waters and cold , deeper waters ) where they develop . The juveniles remain in shallower waters , gradually migrating to greater depths with age .   Spawning may or may not be tied to the seasons , depending on the species . At least one species , Coryphaenoides armatus , is thought to be semelparous ; that is , the adults die after spawning . Nonsemelparous species may live to 56 years or more . The macrourids , in general , are thought to have low resilience ; commercially exploited species may be overfished and this could soon lead to a collapse of their fisheries .

neg: Starfish Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea . Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids , which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or `` basket stars '' . About 1,500 species of starfish occur on the seabed in all the world 's oceans , from the tropics to frigid polar waters . They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths , 6000 m below the surface .   Starfish are marine invertebrates . They typically have a central disc and five arms , though some species have a larger number of arms . The aboral or upper surface may be smooth , granular or spiny , and is covered with overlapping plates . Many species are brightly coloured in various shades of red or orange , while others are blue , grey or brown . Starfish have tube feet operated by a hydraulic system and a mouth at the centre of the oral or lower surface . They are opportunistic feeders and are mostly predators on benthic invertebrates . Several species have specialized feeding behaviours including eversion of their stomachs and suspension feeding . They have complex life cycles and can reproduce both sexually and asexually . Most can regenerate damaged parts or lost arms and they can shed arms as a means of defence . The Asteroidea occupy several significant ecological roles . Starfish , such as the ochre sea star ( Pisaster ochraceus ) and the reef sea star ( Stichaster australis ) , have become widely known as examples of the keystone species concept in ecology . The tropical crown-of-thorns starfish ( Acanthaster planci ) is a voracious predator of coral throughout the Indo-Pacific region , and the northern Pacific sea star is considered to be one of the world 's 100 worst invasive species .   The fossil record for starfish is ancient , dating back to the Ordovician around 450 million years ago , but it is rather poor , as starfish tend to disintegrate after death . Only the ossicles and spines of the animal are likely to be preserved , making remains hard to locate . With their appealing symmetrical shape , starfish have played a part in literature , legend , design and popular culture . They are sometimes collected as curios , used in design or as logos , and in some cultures , despite possible toxicity , they are eaten .

neg: Caribbean reef shark The Caribbean reef shark ( Carcharhinus perezii ) is a species of requiem shark , belonging to the family Carcharhinidae . It is found in the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Brazil , and is the most commonly encountered reef shark in the Caribbean Sea . With a robust , streamlined body typical of the requiem sharks , this species is difficult to tell apart from other large members of its family such as the dusky shark ( C. obscurus ) and the silky shark ( C. falciformis ) . Distinguishing characteristics include dusky-colored fins without prominent markings , a short free rear tip on the second dorsal fin , and tooth shape and number .   Measuring up to 3 m long , the Caribbean reef shark is one of the largest apex predators in the reef ecosystem , feeding on a variety of fishes and cephalopods . They have been documented resting motionless on the sea bottom or inside caves , unusual behavior for an active-swimming shark . If threatened , it may perform a threat display in which it frequently changes direction and dips its pectoral fins . Like other requiem sharks , it is viviparous with females giving birth to 4 -- 6 young every other year . Caribbean reef sharks are of some importance to fisheries as a source of meat , leather , liver oil , and fishmeal , but recently they have become more valuable as an ecotourist attraction . In the Bahamas and elsewhere , bait is used to attract them to groups of divers in controversial `` shark feedings '' . This species is responsible for a small number of attacks on humans . The shark attacks usually happen in the spring/summer part of the year .

neg: Parapocryptes Parapocryptes is a genus of gobies native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean .

neg: Atlantic Equatorial mode The Atlantic Equatorial Mode or Atlantic Niño is a quasiperiodic interannual climate pattern of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean . It is the dominant mode of year-to-year variability that results in alternating warming and cooling episodes of sea surface temperatures accompanied by changes in atmospheric circulation . The term Atlantic Niño comes from its close similarity with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) that dominates the tropical Pacific basin . The Atlantic Niño is not the same as the Atlantic Meridional ( Interhemispheric ) Mode that consists of a north-south dipole and operates more on decadal timescales . The equatorial warming and cooling events associated with the Atlantic Niño are known to be strongly related to atmospheric climate anomalies , especially in African countries bordering the Gulf of Guinea . Therefore , understanding of the Atlantic Niño ( or lack thereof ) has important implications for climate prediction in those regions . Although the Atlantic Niño is an intrinsic mode to the equatorial Atlantic , there may be a tenuous causal relationship between ENSO and the Atlantic Niño in some circumstances .

neg: Impacts of ocean acidification on the Great Barrier Reef Ocean acidification threatens the Great Barrier Reef by reducing the viability and strength of coral reefs . The Great Barrier Reef , considered one of the seven natural wonders of the world and a biodiversity hotspot , is located in Australia . Similar to other coral reefs , it is experiencing degradation due to ocean acidification . Ocean acidification results from a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide , which is taken up by the ocean . This process can increase sea surface temperature , decrease aragonite , and lower the pH of the ocean .   Calcifying organisms are under risk , due to the resulting lack of aragonite in the water and the decreasing pH. This decreased health of coral reefs , particularly the Great Barrier Reef , can result in reduced biodiversity . Organisms can become stressed due to ocean acidification and the disappearance of healthy coral reefs , such as the Great Barrier Reef , is a loss of habitat for several taxa .

neg: Antarctic Circumpolar Current The Antarctic Circumpolar Current ( ACC ) is an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica . An alternative name for the ACC is the West Wind Drift . The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and has a mean transport of 100-150 Sverdrups ( Sv , million m ³ / s ) , making it the largest ocean current . More recent research even puts this number at over 173 Sv . The current is circumpolar due to the lack of any landmass connecting with Antarctica and this keeps warm ocean waters away from Antarctica , enabling that continent to maintain its huge ice sheet .   Associated with the Circumpolar Current is the Antarctic Convergence , where the cold Antarctic waters meet the warmer waters of the subantarctic , creating a zone of upwelling nutrients . These nurture high levels of phytoplankton with associated copepods and krill , and resultant foodchains supporting fish , whales , seals , penguins , albatrosses and a wealth of other species .   The ACC has been known to sailors for centuries ; it greatly speeds up any travel from west to east , but makes sailing extremely difficult from east to west ; though this is mostly due to the prevailing westerly winds . The circumstances preceding the mutiny on the Bounty and Jack London 's story `` Make Westing '' poignantly illustrated the difficulty it caused for mariners seeking to round Cape Horn on the clipper ship route between New York and California . The clipper route , which is the fastest sailing route around the world , follows the ACC around three continental capes -- Cape Agulhas ( Africa ) , South East Cape ( Australia ) and Cape Horn ( South America ) .   The current creates the Ross and Weddell gyres .

neg: Maui's dolphin Maui 's dolphin or popoto ( Cephalorhynchus hectori maui ) is the world 's rarest and smallest known subspecies of dolphin .   They are a subspecies of the Hector 's dolphin . Maui 's dolphins are only found off the west coast of New Zealand 's North Island . Hector 's and Maui 's are New Zealand 's only endemic cetaceans . Maui 's dolphins are generally found close to shore in groups or pods of several dolphins . They are generally seen in water shallower than 20 m , but may also range further offshore .   The dolphin is threatened by set-netting and trawling . Based on estimates from 2012 , in May 2014 , the World Wildlife Fund in New Zealand launched `` The Last 55 '' campaign , calling for a full ban over what it believed is their entire range . The International Whaling Commission supports more fishing restrictions , but the New Zealand government has resisted the demands and questioned the reliability of the evidence presented to the IWC that Maui 's dolphins inhabit the areas they are said to inhabit . In June 2014 , the government decided to open up 3000 km2 of the West Coast North Island Marine Mammal Sanctuary -- the main habitat of the Maui 's dolphin -- for oil drilling . This amounts to one-quarter of the total sanctuary area . In May 2015 , estimates suggested that the population had declined to 43-47 individuals , of which only 10 were mature females .

neg: Antarctic minke whale The Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale ( Balaenoptera bonaerensis ) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales . It is the second smallest rorqual after the common minke whale and the third smallest baleen whale . Although first scientifically described in the mid-19th century , it was not recognized as a distinct species until the 1990s . Once ignored by the whaling industry due to its small size and low oil yield , the Antarctic minke was able to avoid the fate of other baleen whales and maintained a large population into the 21st century , numbering in the hundreds of thousands . Surviving to become the most abundant baleen whale in the world , it is now one of the mainstays of the industry alongside its cosmopolitan counterpart the common minke . It is primarily restricted to the Southern Hemisphere ( although vagrants have been reported in the North Atlantic ) and feeds mainly on euphausiids .

neg: Maritime Continent Maritime Continent is the name given primarily by meteorologists and oceanographers to the region of Southeast Asia which comprises , amongst other countries , Indonesia , Philippines and Papua New Guinea . Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans , it is situated within a warm ocean region known as the Tropical Warm Pool .   The maritime continent consists of many islands , peninsulas and shallow seas . The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the entire global circulation system owing to a number of coincident factors , the most significant being geographic location and topography , both of which contribute to the development of the Tropical Warm Pool , which is the warmest large area of ocean on Earth .   Coined by Colin Ramage in 1968 , the name combines the terms maritime and continent normally used as opposites in the description of climate . Maritime air is humid , and continental air is dry .   In the Southeast Asia region , land masses and bodies of water are , roughly-speaking , evenly distributed . Moreover , the land masses are characterized by high mountains , and the seas are among the warmest on the earth . This produces a widespread area of diurnal thunderstorms which pump huge quantities of moisture and heat high up into the atmosphere which in turn feeds the upper level winds which circle the globe .

neg: Humboldt Current The Humboldt Current System ( HCS ) , also called the Peru Current , is a major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystem that flows north along the western coast of South America . It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator , and extend 500-1 ,000 kilometers offshore . The Humboldt Current is named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt . In 1846 , von Humboldt reported measurements of the cold-water current in his book Cosmos .   The current extends from the southern Chile ( ~ 45 'S ) to northern Peru ( ~ 4 'S ) where cold , upwelled waters intersect warm tropical waters to form the Equatorial Front . Sea surface temperatures off the coast of Peru , around 5 'S , reach temperatures as low as 16 ' C . This is highly uncharacteristic of tropical waters , as most other regions have temperatures measuring above 25 ' C. Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface , which support phytoplankton and ultimately increase biological productivity .   Upwelling within the current is not uniform across the entire system . Three notable upwelling subsystems are produced by this current : i ) seasonal upwelling in Chile , ii ) upwelling `` shadow '' that is less productive , but still large in northern Chile and Southern Peru , and iii ) year-round upwelling in Peru .   The Humboldt Current is considered a Class I , highly productive ( > 300 gC/m2-yr ) , ecosystem . It is the most productive eastern boundary current system . It accounts for roughly 18-20 % of the total worldwide marine fish catch . The species are mostly pelagic : sardines , anchovies and jack mackerel . The system 's high productivity supports other important fishery resources as well as marine mammals ( eared seals and cetaceans ) and seabirds . The cold , nutrient-rich water brought to the surface by upwelling drives the system 's extraordinary productivity.Periodically , the upwelling that drives the system 's productivity is disrupted by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) event . When this occurs , fish abundance and distribution are significantly affected , often leading to stock crashes and cascading social and economic impacts . These events have led to sequential changes , where sardines and anchovies have replaced each other periodically as the dominant species in the ecosystem . These species changes can have negative consequences for the fishing industry and the economies of the countries that fish the system .   The Humboldt has a considerable cooling influence on the climate of Chile , Peru and Ecuador . It is also largely responsible for the aridity of Atacama Desert in northern Chile and coastal areas of Peru and also of the aridity of southern Ecuador . Marine air is cooled by the current and thus is not conducive to generating precipitation ( although clouds and fog are produced ) .


query: The second season of Sonny with a Chance premiered on March 14th, 2011.

pos: Sonny with a Chance Sonny with a Chance is an American sitcom created by Steve Marmel which aired for two seasons on Disney Channel from February 8 , 2009 to January 2 , 2011 . The series follows the experiences of teenager Sonny Munroe , portrayed by Demi Lovato , who becomes the newest accepted cast member of her favorite live comedy television show , So Random ! .   The series debuted on February 8 , 2009 , in the United States . This is the first Disney Channel Original Series to be shot and aired in high-definition from the beginning . Like most of Disney Channel 's sitcoms , it is shot on tape but uses a `` filmized '' appearance . The second season , some scenes are shot on location . The series is one of the three Disney Channel Original Series to feature a show-within-a-show , along with The Famous Jett Jackson and Shake It Up . On June 1 , 2009 , TV Guide reported that Disney Channel had renewed Sonny with a Chance for a second season , with Gary Marsh saying `` Sonny was a hit right out of the gate '' . The second season premiered on March 14 , 2010 to 6.3 million viewers , and was reportedly cancelled over a year later on April 19 , 2011 following Lovato 's official departure announcement and Disney Channel 's decision to rebrand the series .   Disney Channel originally renewed the series for a third season on November 12 , 2010 , but Lovato 's role was at an uncertainty at the time after she checked into treatment two weeks prior . No word on whether Lovato would return to her role had been said , and production on the season carried out as planned in January 2011 without Lovato , focusing on the So Random ! aspect rather than behind the scenes . An official name change to So Random ! was announced on April 4 , 2011 , and later that month Lovato announced that she would not be returning to her role as Sonny Munroe , putting an end to Sonny with a Chance . So Random ! premiered on Disney Channel on June 5 , 2011 to an audience of 4.1 million viewers , but ratings soon dropped and the series was cancelled after a 26-episode first season .

neg: The Lying Game (season 2) The second season of The Lying Game , based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard , premiered on January 8 , 2013 and concluded on March 12 , 2013 on ABC Family . As the twins ' saga continues in season two , there are more surprises , secrets and lies . The girls ' recently revealed birth mother Rebecca lures Sutton into her plans for the Mercer family . Emma grows closer to Thayer , while still being drawn to Ethan , who has started to reconnect with Sutton . Kristin feels betrayed after Ted came clean about his long ago affair with Rebecca , but Ted might be hiding even more shocking revelations . And Mads connects with a mysterious new guy in town who brings a whole new level of secrets with him .

neg: Mike & Molly (season 2) The second season of the television comedy series Mike & Molly began airing on September 26 , 2011 on CBS in the United States . The season was produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creator Mark Roberts serving as executive producer along with Chuck Lorre , James Burrows and Don Foster .   The series focuses on the title characters Mike Biggs ( Billy Gardell ) and Molly Flynn ( Melissa McCarthy ) , a couple who meet at an Overeaters Anonymous meeting in Chicago , Illinois . After Molly , a primary-school teacher , invites police officer Mike to give a talk to her class , they begin dating . Molly lives at home with her mother Joyce ( Swoosie Kurtz ) , and sister Victoria ( Katy Mixon ) . Joyce is in an on-off relationship with widower Vince Moranto ( Louis Mustillo ) , who is often seen at the house . Mike lives alone in an apartment but is regularly kept company by his best friend and partner in the police force Carl McMillan ( Reno Wilson ) . Other prominent characters in the series include Carl 's grandmother Rosetta ( Cleo King ) , Mike 's mother Peggy ( Rondi Reed ) and cafe worker Samuel ( Nyambi Nyambi ) . Holly Robinson Peete has a recurring guest role in Season 2 as Carl 's love interest . Season two of Mike & Molly '' was broadcast in the United States on Mondays at 9:30 pm .   On August 21 , 2012 Warner Home Video released a three-disc set of the second season on DVD , which included every episode , a featurette , bloopers , and interviews with the cast .

neg: Red vs. Blue (season 12) The twelfth season of the American action comedy science fiction animated/machinima web series Red vs. Blue premiered on April 28 , 2014 , and concluded on September 29 , 2014 . The series is created and produced by Rooster Teeth Productions and is loosely based in the Halo universe . It is the second season of the Chorus Trilogy '' .

neg: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (season 2) Season two of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers is an American television series created by Haim Saban and Shuki Levy , began airing July 21 , 1994 , on Fox Kids . The series follows six teenagers chosen by the wise Zordon to become `` Power Rangers '' in order to stop the evil Rita Repulsa from taking over Earth . The second season comprises 52 episodes and concluded its initial airing May 20 , 1995 . The second season uses footage and elements from the Super Sentai series Gosei Sentai Dairanger . Regular cast members during season two include Amy Jo Johnson , David Yost , Walter Jones , Thuy Trang , Austin St. John , Jason David Frank , Jason Narvy and Paul Schrier . Jones , Trang and St. John are later replaced with Johnny Yong Bosch , Karan Ashley and Steve Cardenas respectively as new characters , but taking on the previous characters ' colors and powers .

neg: The Voice of the Philippines (season 2) The second season of The Voice of the Philippines was a reality singing competition in ABS-CBN which started airing on October 26 , 2014 . apl.de.ap , Lea Salonga , Sarah Geronimo , and Bamboo Mañalac returned as coaches for this season . Toni Gonzaga also returned to host the show ; she was also joined by The Voice Kids host , Luis Manzano . Robi Domingo and Alex Gonzaga also returned to reprise their roles as the show 's V-reporters .   The show aired every Saturdays 8:45 p.m. ( PST ) and Sundays at 8:30 p.m. ( PST ) .   On March 1 , 2015 , Jason Dy of Team Sarah won the competition , beating Alisah Bonaobra of Team apl .

neg: Past, Present, and Future (NCIS) `` Past , Present , and Future '' is the second episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama NCIS , and the 236th episode overall . It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 1 , 2013 . The episode is written by Gary Glasberg , Scott Williams and Gina Lucita Monreal and directed by James Whitmore , Jr. , and was seen by 19.98 million viewers .

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager , an American television series created by Brenda Hampton , debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday , June 22 , 2009 at 8:00 PM . Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley , India Eisley , Daren Kagasoff , Francia Raisa , Kenny Baumann , Molly Ringwald , Mark Derwin , Megan Park , and Greg Finley II . Following the first season , Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars . Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character 's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return .   Following the success of its first season , ABC Family announced on January 31 , 2009 , plans to renew Secret Life , following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show , Kyle XY . The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two . Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22 , 2009 . Though marketed as the season finale , the mid season finale aired on September 7 , 2009 , with the second half of the season returning on January 4 , 2010 . The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22 , 2010 .   The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far , with a record breaking 4.68 million viewers . It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers , behind season one 's mid-season finale . 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched `` The Big One '' along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18 -- 34 . The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 with more than three million viewers watching . The mid-season premiere also brought in the show 's second largest audience in total viewers , with more than 4.55 million people watching .   This season , Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school , while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own .

neg: Chuck (season 2) The second season of Chuck contains 22 episodes and was originally aired from September 29 , 2008 to April 27 , 2009 . The season continues to focus on Chuck 's constant struggle to keep his spy life and real life apart as he becomes more accustomed to being a spy . More background on the Intersect project is revealed . Fulcrum , a hostile espionage organization that covets the Intersect , is featured more heavily as the season 's main antagonist . Chuck and Sarah continue to grow closer , complicating their asset-handler relationship .

neg: The Clock (The Americans) `` The Clock '' is the second episode of the first season of the period drama television series The Americans . It originally aired on FX in the United States on February 6 , 2013 .

neg: The Exes (season 2) The second season of the TV Land 's original sitcom The Exes premiered on June 20 , 2012 . A total of 12 episodes were produced for the second season . The series stars Donald Faison , Wayne Knight , Kristen Johnston , David Alan Basche and Kelly Stables .

neg: Packed to the Rafters (season 2) The second season of Packed to the Rafters , an Australian drama television series , began airing on 30 June 2009 on the Seven Network . The season concluded on 24 November 2009 after 22 episodes . The second season aired Tuesdays at 8:30 pm in Australia and averaged 1,881,000 viewers . The season was released on DVD as a six disc set under the title of Packed to the Rafters : The Complete Season 2 '' on 3 November 2010 .   The second season follows Julie and Dave Rafter through comic highs and soul-searching lows as they prepare for the unplanned but no-less welcome addition to their family of their new baby . We also explore the heart warming arrival into the Rafters world of Dave 's birth mother Chel , opening in the process the door to further family revelations . We follow the tumultuous upheavals in the lives of all three Rafter children . Rachel embarks on a promising if-at-first feisty relationship with the cute young electrician who 's begun working with her dad . Ben continues his determined pursuit of housemate Melissa 's hand in marriage . Nathan , in seeking new career challenges in the music business , struggles to resist strong temptations that may well signal the end of his young marriage .

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons .   The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching .   The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .

neg: Solsidan (season 2) The second season of Solsidan , a Swedish television comedy series , created by comedian and actor Felix Herngren , Jacob Seth Fransson , Ulf Kvensler and Pontus Edgren , premiered on January 16 , 2011 on TV4 and will end on March 20 , 2011 . This season will feature the wedding between Alex and Anna and Anna 's parents will appear , her dad is a military and her mom an ex-beauty queen . Over all , Anna and Mickan will be the main-characters for a greater part of the show . Also , Alex neighbor Tord Malmberg will appear more since he is getting together with Alex 's mom Margareta .   The episodes av the second season is posted on TV4 Play Premium , a pay on demand service by TV4 , on Fridays and is aired on Sundays . The Finnish TV-channel FST5 was at the beginning airing the episodes two days before their original air date in Sweden , this caused great legal trouble for the Finnish network who was forced to stop that and air the episodes at the same time as TV4 .   The first episode was seen bt 2,530,000 viewers in Sweden , that 's the highest rating that TV4 has had in over a decade . One week after the airing had 3,2 million people seen it , then included the re-run and all web-views .   On December 3 , 2010 , the producers announced that the script to the series had been sold to the American network ABC , which plans to create their own version of the series to air in the United States .

neg: Haven (season 2) The second season of the American television series Haven premiered on July 15 , 2011 , on Syfy . The season consisted of 13 episodes including a Christmas episode . The show stars Emily Rose , Lucas Bryant and Eric Balfour .

neg: Top Shot (season 2) The second season of the History Channel television series Top Shot , titled Top Shot Reloaded commenced airing on February 8 , 2011 , and concluded on April 26 , 2011 . The season contained twelve episodes , and was filmed over a period of 35 days in the fall of 2010 in Santa Clarita , California . The winner of the season was American Chris Reed .   Chris Reed later appeared as a coach in Seasons 3 and 4 ; George Reinas also appeared as a coach in Seasons 4 and 5 .   Brian Zins , Joe Serafini , and Jamie Franks returned for Top Shot : All-Stars . Franks finished in 10th , Serafini finished in 8th , and Zins finished in 4th . According to Colby Donaldson 's Twitter , George Reinas was invited to compete as well .

neg: RuPaul's Drag Race (season 2) The second season of RuPaul 's Drag Race premiered on February 1 , 2010 , and aired its final episode on April 26 , 2010 . On May 1 , 2009 , the casting website for the series opened , allowing prospective contestants to create user profiles and upload videos of themselves to be voted on by viewers ; the applicant collecting the most votes being invited to become a contestant of the second season . At the end of the online casting period , Jessica Wild had collected the most votes and was announced as being a season two contestant . Filming took place during the summer of 2009 .   For season two , the number of contestants was increased from nine to twelve , and the prizes were slightly modified : a lifetime supply of NYX Cosmetics and be the face of nyxcosmetics.com , an exclusive one year public relations contract with LGBT firm Project Publicity , be featured an LA Eyeworks campaign , join the Logo Drag Race tour , and a cash prize of $ 25,000 . A new tradition of writing a farewell message , in lipstick on their workstation mirror , was started by the first eliminated queen of the season .  Each week 's episode is followed by a behind-the-scenes show , RuPaul 's Drag Race Untucked . The theme song playing during the runway and the end credits every episode is `` Jealous of My Boogie '' from RuPaul 's album Champion .   The winner of the second season of RuPaul 's Drag Race was Tyra Sanchez with Raven being the Runner-Up .   Shangela Laquifa Wadley returned to Season 3 as a surprise to compete with the other 12 drag queens . She placed 6th overall .   Jujubee , Pandora Boxx and Raven competed on the first season of All Stars . Pandora placed 11/12th with fellow season 3 contestant Mimi Imfurst , Jujubee placed 3rd/4th with fellow season 1 contestant Shannel and Raven was the runner-up .   Tatianna competed on the second season of All Stars and initially finished in 8th place . She returned to the competition after winning re-entry with Alyssa Edwards and placed 6th overall .   On December 6 , 2011 , Amazon.com released this season on DVD via their CreateSpace program .

neg: Private Practice (season 2) The second season of Private Practice premiered on October 1 , 2008 and concluded on April 30 , 2009 . The season consisted of 22 episodes .

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 2) The second season of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory was originally aired on CBS from September 22 , 2008 , to May 11 , 2009 , over 23 episodes . The Complete Season DVD was released September 15 , 2009 , and a Blu-ray version was reissued on July 10 , 2012 , with remastered surround sound audio , whereas the DVD version only had stereo . Season two starts immediately after the end of season one with Leonard and Penny 's date .   Jim Parsons submitted the episode `` The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis '' for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards . In 2009 , TV Guide ranked the episode the # 60 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes . Christine Baranski submitted the episode `` The Maternal Capacitance '' for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards .

neg: Reed Between the Lines Reed Between the Lines is an American television family sitcom that premiered on October 11 , 2011 , on BET . The series was renewed for a second season on April 12 , 2011 . It was later announced in August 2012 that Tracee Ellis Ross would not return for the second season and three new cast members ( Charlie Robinson , Michole White , and Tony Rock ) would be joining the cast . On September 12 , 2013 , it was revealed that Reed Between the Lines had been canceled and that Young Man on Campus would not be green-lit to series . Malcolm Jamal-Warner confirmed in December 2013 that the second season will not air despite the network completing production on an entire second season in late 2012 . Centric has picked up the series for a second season which premiered on September 18 , 2015 .

neg: The Kenyon Family `` The Kenyon Family '' is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American crime drama The Blacklist . The episode premiered in the United States on NBC on February 19 , 2015 .


query: Hubert Humphrey was the DFL candidate for mayor of the county seat of Hennepin County.

pos: Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. ( May 27 , 1911January 13 , 1978 ) was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1965 to 1969 . Humphrey twice served in the United States Senate , representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978 . He was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election , losing to the Republican nominee Richard M. Nixon .   Born in Wallace , South Dakota in 1911 , Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota before earning his pharmacist license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in 1931 . He helped run his father 's pharmacy until 1937 when he returned to academia , graduating with a master 's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940 , where he was a political science instructor . He returned to Minnesota during World War II and became a supervisor for the Works Progress Administration . He was then appointed state director of the Minnesota war service program before becoming the assistant director of the War Manpower Commission . In 1943 , Humphrey became a professor of Political Science at Macalester College and ran a failed campaign for mayor of Minneapolis . Humphrey helped found the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party ( DFL ) in 1944 , and in 1945 , became the DFL candidate for mayor of Minneapolis for a second time , winning with 61 % of the vote . Humphrey served as mayor from 1945 to 1948 , he was reelected and became the co-founder of the liberal anti-communist group Americans for Democratic Action in 1947 .   Humphrey was elected to the Senate in 1948 , the year his proposal of ending racial segregation was included in the party platform at the Democratic National Convention , where he gave one of his most notable speeches on the convention floor , suggesting the Democratic Party `` walk into the sunshine of human rights . '' He served three terms in the Senate from 1949 to 1964 and was the Democratic Majority Whip from 1961 to 1964 . During his tenure , Humphrey was the lead author of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , introduced the first initiative to create the Peace Corps , sponsored the clause of the McCarran Act to threaten concentration camps for ` subversives ' , proposed making Communist Party membership a felony and chaired the Select Committee on Disarmament .   Humphrey ran for two failed Presidential campaigns in the 1952 and 1960 Democratic primaries . After Lyndon B. Johnson inherited the presidency after John F. Kennedy 's assassination in November 1963 , he chose Humphrey to be his running mate in 1964 against Republican Barry Goldwater and the Democratic ticket was elected in a landslide in 1964 .   After Johnson made the surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection in March 1968 , Humphrey launched his campaign for the presidency the following month . Humphrey 's main Democratic challengers were anti-Vietnam War Senators Eugene McCarthy and Robert F. Kennedy . Humphrey , who was loyal to the Johnson administration 's policies on the Vietnam War as Vice President , saw opposition from many within his own party and avoided the primaries to focus on receiving the delegates of non-primary states at the Democratic Convention . Humphrey 's delegate strategy succeeded in clinching the nomination , choosing Senator Edmund Muskie as his running mate . With the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and the assassination of Robert Kennedy that year , and heightened opposition to the Vietnam War , the convention saw major protests which later proved costly to Humphrey 's campaign . On November 5 , 1968 , Humphrey lost to former Vice President Richard Nixon in the general election .   Humphrey then returned to teaching in Minnesota before returning to the Senate in 1971 . He became the first Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate and served until his death in 1978 . Humphrey died of bladder cancer at his home in Waverly , Minnesota , and is buried at the Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis . He was succeeded by his wife of 41 years Muriel Humphrey as interim Senator for Minnesota .

pos: Minneapolis Minneapolis ( -LSB- mɪniˈæpəlɪs -RSB- ) is the county seat of Hennepin County , and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2015 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States with a population of 410,939 . Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest , after Chicago .   Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with thirteen lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls , many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle , with Minneapolis proper containing America 's fifth-highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies . As an integral link to the global economy , Minneapolis is categorized as a global city . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince .   The name Minneapolis is attributed to Charles Hoag , the city 's first schoolteacher , who combined mni , a Dakota Sioux word for water , and polis , the Greek word for city .

neg: Hennepin History Museum Hennepin History Museum is a museum dedicated to the history of the land and people of Hennepin County , Minnesota . The museum traces its roots back to the founding of the Hennepin County Territorial Pioneers Association in 1858 . The museum provides in house exhibits as well as `` special delivery '' programs that bring museum artifacts and programming to schools and other locations .

neg: Henry Adoniram Swift Henry Adoniram Swift ( March 23 , 1823February 25 , 1869 ) was an American politician who was the third Governor of Minnesota . He served as Governor from July 10 , 1863 to January 11 , 1864 after serving as the third Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota when Governor Alexander Ramsey resigned to enter the United States Congress . Prior to that he had served in the Minnesota Senate . Swift was a Republican .   Described by peers as gentle , self-effacing , and ambivalent toward politics , Henry Swift was Minnesota 's third governor for less than a year , completing the second term of Alexander Ramsey , who had been elected United States Senator . With little time or apparent inclination to effect major change , this un-elected governor concentrated on assuring the welfare of Civil War veterans .   After graduation with honors from Western Reserve College in his native Ohio , Swift tutored the children of a slave owner in Mississippi , an experience that reinforced his commitment to abolition . He returned to Ohio , earned a law degree , and began a career in business and government service .   He and his family journeyed to Minnesota in 1853 , settling first in St. Paul then St. Peter . With his partners in the St. Peter Land Company , he campaigned , unsuccessfully , to relocate the state capital in their burgeoning Minnesota River town .   Swift left his commercial enterprises in 1861 for the state senate seat that propelled him into the governorship . Later he served two more terms in the senate and was a reluctant candidate for the U.S. Senate . `` I shall be ten times happier with my family in St. Peter than as Senator at Washington , '' he declared characteristically upon learning he had lost the Republican senatorial nomination in 1865 . Four years later , he succumbed to typhoid fever at age 45 .   Swift County , Minnesota was named after him in 1870 .

neg: Bagley, Minnesota Bagley is a city in Clearwater County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 1,392 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Clearwater County .

neg: Cedric Glover Cedric Bradford Glover ( born August 9 , 1965 ) is a Democratic Party politician who is a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives . He was earlier the two-term mayor of Shreveport , Louisiana , the first African-American to hold that position .   Outgoing Mayor Keith Hightower was term-limited in 2006 , after having won election in both 1998 and 2002 . Glover defeated the Republican mayoral candidate , former city attorney Jerry Jones , in the general election held on November 7 , 2006 , by a 54-46 percent margin . The third-place contender , former broadcast journalist Liz Swaine , had been eliminated in the nonpartisan blanket primary held on September 30 . Glover was formerly a member in both the Louisiana House of Representatives ( 1996 -- 2006 ) and the Shreveport City Council ( 1990 -- 1996 ) .   In the primary held on October 2 , 2010 , Glover sought a second term against seven opponents . He led with 16,376 votes ( 45 percent ) , and city council member Bryan Wooley , a Republican , trailed with 11,218 votes ( 31 percent ) . In the November 2 general election , Glover handily defeated Wooley , 37,699 votes ( 64 percent ) to 21,021 ( 36 percent ) .

neg: Grand Rapids, Minnesota Grand Rapids is a city in Itasca County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 10,869 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Itasca County .   The city of Grand Rapids is named for the 3.5 mi long local rapids in the Mississippi River , which was the uppermost limit of practical steamboat travel during the late 19th century . Today , those rapids are hidden underneath the dam of the Blandin Paper Mill .

neg: Corcoran, Minnesota Corcoran is a city in Hennepin County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 5,379 at the 2010 census .

neg: Holt, Minnesota Holt is a city in Marshall County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 88 at the 2010 census .

neg: Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election, 1962 The 1962 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 6 , 1962 . Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party candidate Sandy Keith defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger C. Donald Peterson .

neg: Laporte, Minnesota Laporte is a city in Hubbard County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 111 at the 2010 census .

neg: Pat Hays Patrick Henry `` Pat '' Hays ( born January 8 , 1947 ) is an American lawyer and politician from the state of Arkansas . A member of the Democratic Party , Hays served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1987 to 1989 and as the Mayor of North Little Rock from 1989 to 2013 . He was the Democratic nominee for in the 2014 elections to the United States House of Representatives .

neg: Hermantown, Minnesota Hermantown is a city in Saint Louis County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 9,414 at the 2010 census . A suburb of Duluth , Minnesota , it has been the only city in the county to report population growth as much of the area 's residential and commercial expansion occurs there . Hermantown is located near the tip of Lake Superior .   The eastern part of Hermantown has an appearance typical of a lower-density bedroom community , with large , leafy lots and occasional subdivisions . The car-oriented `` Miller Hill area '' , or Miller Trunk Corridor of Duluth , has sprawled well past the city boundary line into this part of Hermantown . The western part of Hermantown is dominated by a more rural landscape , reminiscent of the past agricultural focus of the city . Hermantown 's motto is `` The City of Quality Living '' .   Hermantown 's current mayor is Wayne Boucher , who won a 2008 election against opponent Susie Stockinger . Mayor Boucher ran unopposed for a second mayoral term in 2012 and received 4,111 votes . There were 79 write-ins for mayor during the 2012 election .

neg: Linda Slocum Linda J. Slocum ( born July 11 , 1950 ) is a Minnesota politician and member of the Minnesota House of Representatives . A member of the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party ( DFL ) , she represents District 50A , which includes portions of the cities of Bloomington and Richfield in Hennepin County , which is part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area . She is also a geography and American history teacher at Field Middle School in Minneapolis .

neg: Wayzata, Minnesota Wayzata ( -LSB- waɪˈzɛtə -RSB- ) is a city in Hennepin County , Minnesota , United States . It is in the western part of the Minneapolis -- Saint Paul metro area . The name Wayzata is derived from a Lakota Sioux phrase meaning `` North Shore '' . Located on the shores of Lake Minnetonka , the city is a popular tourist destination .   As of the 2010 census , the population was 3,688 . Wayzata has a growing economy , and Wayzata High School has been ranked by Newsweek on its list of the 1000 top public high schools in America .

neg: Minnesota gubernatorial election, 1960 The 1960 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 8 , 1960 . Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Elmer Andersen defeated Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party challenger Orville Freeman .

neg: Hamburg, Minnesota Hamburg is a city in Carver County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 513 at the 2010 census .

neg: Goodhue County, Minnesota Goodhue County is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota . As of the 2010 census , the population was 46,183 . Its county seat is Red Wing . Nearly all of Prairie Island Indian Community is within the county .   Goodhue County comprises the Red Wing , MN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Minneapolis-St . Paul , MN-WI Combined Statistical Area .

neg: William Beavers William M. Beavers ( born February 21 , 1935 ) is an African-American Democratic politician , former Chicago alderman and former County Commissioner for District 4 of Cook County , Illinois , which encompasses part of Chicago 's South Side and southern suburbs . He is also a convicted federal felon .

neg: Cadillac, Michigan Cadillac -LSB- ˈkædᵻlæk -RSB- is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and is the county seat of Wexford County . The population was 10,355 at the 2010 census . The city is situated at the junction of US 131 , M-55 and M-115 . The geographic center of Michigan is approximately five miles ( 8.05 km ) north-northwest of Cadillac .   Cadillac became the county seat after the so-called `` Battle of Manton , '' in which a show of force was involved in enforcing a controversial decision to move the county seat from Manton .

neg: History of Minneapolis Minneapolis is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Minnesota , and the county seat of Hennepin County . The origin and growth of the city was spurred by the proximity of Fort Snelling , the first major United States military presence in the area , and by its location on Saint Anthony Falls , which provided power for sawmills and flour mills .   Fort Snelling was established in 1819 , at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers , and soldiers began using the falls for waterpower . When land became available for settlement , two towns were founded on either side of the falls : Saint Anthony , on the east side , and Minneapolis , on the west side . The two towns later merged into one city in 1872 . Early development focused on sawmills , but flour mills eventually became the dominant industry . This industrial development fueled the development of railroads and banks , as well as the foundation of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange . Through innovations in milling techniques , Minneapolis became a world-leading center of flour production , earning the name `` Mill City '' . As the city grew , the culture developed through its churches , arts institutions , the University of Minnesota , and a famous park system designed by Theodore Wirth .   Although the sawmills and the flour mills are long gone , Minneapolis remains a regional center in banking and industry . The two largest milling companies , General Mills and the Pillsbury Company , now merged under the General Mills name , still remain prominent in the Twin Cities area . The city has rediscovered the riverfront , which now hosts parkland , the Mill City Museum , and the Guthrie Theater .

neg: Adrian, Michigan Adrian is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Lenawee County . The population was 21,133 at the 2010 census . Adrian lies in Michigan 's 7th congressional district .