query: Buddhism is a dharma.

pos: Buddhism Buddhism ( -LSB- pronˈbʊdɪzəm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈbuːdɪzəm -RSB- ) is an Indian religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha . Buddhism originated in Ancient India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE , from where it spread through much of Asia , whereafter it declined in India during the middle ages . Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars : Theravada ( Pali : `` The School of the Elders '' ) and Mahayana ( Sanskrit : `` The Great Vehicle '' ) . Buddhism is the world 's fourth-largest religion , with over 500 million followers or 7 % of the global population , known as Buddhists .   Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation , the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures , and especially their respective practices . Practices of Buddhism include taking refuge in the Buddha , the Dharma and the Sangha , study of scriptures , observance of moral precepts , renunciation of craving and attachment , the practice of meditation ( including calm and insight ) , the cultivation of wisdom , loving-kindness and compassion , the Mahayana practice of bodhicitta and the Vajrayana practices of generation stage and completion stage .   In Theravada the ultimate goal is the cessation of the kleshas and the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana , achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path ( also known as the Middle Way ) , thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth . Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia .   Mahayana , which includes the traditions of Pure Land , Zen , Nichiren Buddhism , Shingon and Tiantai ( Tendai ) , is found throughout East Asia . Rather than Nirvana , Mahayana instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path , a state wherein one remains in the cycle of rebirth to help other beings reach awakening .   Vajrayana , a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas , may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana . Tibetan Buddhism , which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India , is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas , Mongolia and Kalmykia . Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body .

neg: Nekkhamma Nekkhamma ( Sanskrit : नैष्काम्य ) is a Pali word generally translated as `` renunciation '' or `` the pleasure of renunciation '' while also conveying more specifically `` giving up the world and leading a holy life '' or `` freedom from lust , craving and desires . '' In Buddhism 's Noble Eightfold Path , nekkhamma is the first practice associated with `` Right Intention . '' In the Theravada list of ten perfections , nekkhamma is the third practice of `` perfection . '' It involves non-attachment ( detachment ) .

neg: Naraka (Buddhism) Naraka ( नरक निरय Niraya ) is a term in Buddhist cosmology usually referred to in English as `` hell '' ( or `` hell realm '' ) or `` purgatory '' . The Narakas of Buddhism are closely related to diyu , the hell in Chinese mythology . A Naraka differs from the hell of Christianity in two respects : firstly , beings are not sent to Naraka as the result of a divine judgment or punishment ; and secondly , the length of a being 's stay in a Naraka is not eternal , though it is usually extremely long , as measured in many millions or billions of years .   A being is born into a Naraka as a direct result of his or her accumulated actions ( karma ) and resides there for a finite period of time until that karma has achieved its full result . After his or her karma is used up , he or she will be reborn in one of the higher worlds as the result of karma that had not yet ripened .   In the Devaduta Sutta , the 130th discourse of Majjhima Nikaya , the Buddha teaches about hell in vivid detail .   Physically , Narakas are thought of as a series of cavernous layers which extend below Jambudvīpa ( the ordinary human world ) into the earth . There are several schemes for enumerating these Narakas and describing their torments . The Abhidharma-kosa ( Treasure House of Higher Knowledge ) is the root text that describes the most common scheme , as the Eight Cold Narakas and Eight Hot Narakas .

neg: Satya Mahima Dharma Satya Mahima Dharma ( the `` dharma of the divine glory '' ) is a religious tradition in Hinduism , from Orissa . It goes back to a historic person called Mahima Svami ( or Mahima Gosain ) .   He is said to have appeared in Puri in 1826 . Dissatisfied with the ritualised idol worship of Lord Jagannath , he left Puri and travelled to the Kapilas hills near Dhenkanal , where he engaged himself in severe Yogic practices . In 1862 , he became a siddha and started preaching a new dharma . He is said to have attained samadhi in 1876 . Under his first disciple , Govinda Baba , and the dissident saint poet Bhima Bhoi , the movement shifted away from the coastal region towards the central and western parts of Odisha . Spreading also to other states ( Madhya Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh , West Bengal , Assam ) , people from different regions and sociocultural backgrounds joined as followers . Since then , several monastic as well as lay currents and competing associations emerged and various regional centres ( Joranda , Khaliapali ) have been established . Mahima Dharma is a popular ascetic movement which considers the void , shunya , as the divine principle , opposing as such any idol worship . The void can only be venerated through fire , or its manifestation in the Sun , traits which link Mahima Dharma to the nirguna bhakti tradition .

neg: Dhamma Practitioner A Dhamma Practitioner is a name that is used to describe those who practice the teachings of the Buddha . It is used as an alternative to the widely used but vaguely defined term Buddhist . Dhamma practitioner is seen by many as a more accurate description for those who practice the Buddha 's teachings , and more fitting with classification schemes given in the Pali Canon . In contrast , the terms Buddhist and Buddhism are relatively recent inventions that some see as a Westernized framing of the teachings of the Buddha in terms fitting for religions such as Christianity , and not words that have an equivalent in the teachings of the Buddha . In the earliest sources , the Buddha himself referred to his teaching as the `` Dhamma and Discipline proclaimed by the Tathagata '' . Due to these reasons and the fact that the Buddha 's teachings are strongly rooted in practical application , the term Dhamma Practitioner has been used by many teachers as a description of those on the Buddha 's path .

neg: History of the Thai Forest Tradition The Kammatthana meditation tradition originally grew out of the Dhammayut reform movement , founded by Mongkut in the 1820s as an attempt to raise the bar for what was perceived as the `` lax '' Buddhist practice of the regional Buddhist traditions at the time . Mongkut 's reforms were originally focused on scriptural study of the earliest extant Buddhist texts , revival of the dhutanga ascetic practices , and close adherence to the Buddhist Monastic Code ( Pali : vinaya ) . However , the Dhammayut began to have an increasing emphasis on meditation as the 19th century progressed . During this time , a newly ordained Ajahn Mun Bhuridatto went to stay with Ajahn Sao Kantasilo , who was then the abbot of a small meditation-oriented monastery on the outskirts of Ubon Ratchathani , a province in the predominantly Lao-speaking cultural region of Northeast Thailand known as Isan .   Ajahn Mun learned from Ajahn Sao in the late 19th century , where he studied amidst the growing meditation culture in Isan 's Dhammayut monasteries as a result of Mongkut 's reforms a half-century earlier . Wandering the rural frontier of Northeast Thailand with Ajahn Sao in rigorous ascetic practices ( Pali : dhutanga ; Thai : tudong ) . Ajahn Mun traveled abroad to neighboring regions for a time , hoping to reach levels of meditative adeptness known as the noble attainments ( Pali : ariya-phala ) , which culminate in the experience of Nirvana -- the final goal of a Theravada Buddhist practitioner .   After more than two decades of intense meditation and ascetic practice , Ajahn Mun would return to Ubon Ratchathani in 1915 , claiming to have found the noble attainments . Word spread in the region , and monks came to study from Ajahn Mun , wishing to put his claims to the test ; though the assertions that he had found the noble attainments were not universally received at the time -- families were often divided over whether or not Ajahn Mun had attained sainthood .   During this period , Mongkut 's successor Chulalongkorn ( Rama V of Siam ) had consolidated power in Bangkok , and implemented a wave of educational reforms which emphasized the role of the Thai clergy as educators . Dhammayut monks -- which included Ajahn Mun and Ajahn Sao and their students -- were drafted to teach a new monastic curriculum that had been infused with Western principles in an effort to prevent the encroachment of Christian missionaries , and to prevent Thailand from being colonized by a Western empire . Thailand would successfully prevent colonization ; however , Ajahn Mun and Sao 's students would continue to evade authorities ' attempts to assign them to monasteries and prevent them from practicing in the forest .   Beginning in the 1950s though , the tradition would gain respect among the urbanities in Bangkok , and receive widespread acceptance among the Thai Sangha . Many of the Ajahns were nationally venerated by Thai Buddhists , who regarded them as arahants . Because of their reputations , the Ajahns have become the subject of a cultural fixation on sacralized objects believed among lay followers to offer supernatural protection . This cultural fixation was referred to by social anthropologist Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah as a cult of amulets , which he described during a field study in the 1970s as `` a traditional preoccupation now reaching the pitch of fetishistic obsession '' . During this time , the tradition found a significant following in the West ; particularly among the students of Ajahn Chah Subhatto , a forest teacher who studied with a group of monks in the Mahanikai -- the other of Thailand 's two monastic orders alongside the Dhammayut -- many of whom remained loyal to their Mahanikai pedigree in spite of their interest in Ajahn Mun 's teachings . However , in the final decades of the 20th century the tradition experienced a crisis when the majority of Thailand 's rainforests were clear cut . Because of this , the Forest Tradition in early 21st century Thailand has been characterized by a struggle to preserve the remaining forested lands in Thailand for Buddhist practice .

neg: Dhyāna in Buddhism Dhyāna ( Sanskrit ) or Jhāna ( Pali ) , commonly translated as meditation , is a state of no mind . It is used in Buddhism , Hinduism and Jainism . In Buddhism , it is a series of cultivated states of mind , which lead to `` state of perfect equanimity and awareness ( upekkhii-sati-piirisuddhl ) . ''   Dhyana may have been the core practice of pre-sectarian Buddhism , but became appended with other forms of meditation throughout its development .

neg: Samaya The samaya ( , Japanese and , sanmaya-kai , Sānmóyéjiè ) , is a set of vows or precepts given to initiates of an esoteric Vajrayana Buddhist order as part of the abhiṣeka ( empowerment or initiation ) ceremony that creates a bond between the guru and disciple .   According to Keown , et al. , Samaya may be defined as :  A particular system of teaching or doctrines ;  The conduct required of a tantric practitioner , often as a set of vows or commitments ;  The realization ( abhisamaya ) of Buddhahood ;  In Tantric Buddhism , union with the Three Vajras , the body , speech and mind of the Buddha .

neg: Buddhist calendar The Buddhist calendar ( Sāsanā Sakaraj သ သန တ သက ရ ဇ , -LSB- θàðənà θɛʔkəɹɪʔ -RSB- ព ទ ធសករ ជ Sinhala : බ ද ධ වර ෂ or ස සන වර ෂ ( Buddha Varsha or Sāsana Varsha ) ) is a set of lunisolar calendars primarily used in mainland Southeast Asian countries of Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar and Thailand as well as in Sri Lanka for religious or official occasions . While the calendars share a common lineage , they also have minor but important variations such as intercalation schedules , month names and numbering , use of cycles , etc. . In Thailand , the name Buddhist Era is a year numbering system shared by the traditional Thai lunisolar calendar and by the Thai solar calendar .   The Southeast Asian lunisolar calendars are largely based on an older version of the Hindu calendar , which uses the sidereal year as the solar year . One major difference is that the Southeast Asian systems , unlike their Indian cousins , do not use apparent reckoning to stay in sync with the sidereal year . Instead , they employ their versions of the Metonic cycle . However , since the Metonic cycle is not very accurate for sidereal years , the Southeast Asian calendar is slowly drifting out of sync with the sidereal , approximately one day every 100 years . Yet no coordinated structural reforms of the lunisolar calendar have been undertaken .   Today , the traditional Buddhist lunisolar calendar is used mainly for Theravada Buddhist ထရဝ ဒဗ ဒၶဘ သ festivals , and no longer has the official calendar status anywhere . The Thai Buddhist Era , a renumbered Gregorian calendar , is the official calendar in Thailand .

neg: Lineage (Buddhism) A lineage in Buddhism is a line of transmission of the Buddhist teaching that is `` theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself . '' The acknowledgement of the transmission can be oral , or certified in documents . Several branches of Buddhism , including Chan ( including Zen and Seon ) and Tibetan Buddhism maintain records of their historical teachers . These records serve as a validation for the living exponents of the tradition .   The historical authenticity of Buddhist lineage is questionable . Stephen Batchelor has claimed , speaking about specifically Japanese Zen lineage , `` the historicity of this `` lineage '' simply does not withstand critical scrutiny . '' Erik Storlie has noted that transmission `` is simply false on historical grounds . '' Edward Conze said `` much of the traditions about the early history of Chan are the inventions of a later age . ''

neg: Bhava The Sanskrit word `` bhāva '' means `` emotion , sentiment , state of body or mind , disposition '' , while `` bhava '' means `` being , worldly existence , becoming , birth , be , production , origin '' . The former term is rooted in latter , and in some context also means `` becoming , being , existing , occurring , appearance '' while connoting the condition thereof .   In Buddhism , bhava denotes the continuity of becoming ( reincarnating ) in one of the realms of existence , in the samsaric context of rebirth , life and the maturation arising therefrom . It is the tenth of the Twelve Nidanas , in its Pratītyasamutpāda doctrine .

neg: Transcendent truth Transcendent truths are those unaffected by time or space . They define the world , but are not defined by the world . An example of a transcendent truth is `` God is good '' , or `` there is no God '' . Either way , how one looks at things contained by time and space is a result of the transcendent truth . One is true ; both can not be true at the same time .   World views are made up of transcendent truths , things we believe are true before we question whether or not anything else is true .   The Transcendent Truth is the only Truth that is , ultimately , beyond human comprehension and before all concepts . It is beyond reality , and is the Creator of realities , existence , time and all there is , was and is yet to be . It is the Light that sacred texts speak of that illuminates hearts with knowledge from a Source beyond our universe . It is actually the true definition of God . Gandhi once signed a photograph of himself with the text `` God is truth '' . Buddha once said that truth is the saviour from sin . And Christ said to His disciples `` I am the Truth '' .

neg: German Dharmaduta Society The German Dharmaduta Society is an organization established to promote Buddhism in Germany and other Western Countries , and was founded by Asoka Weeraratna , in Colombo , Sri Lanka on 21 September 1952 .

neg: Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression : we crave and cling to impermanent states and things , which are dukkha , `` incapable of satisfying '' and painful . This craving keeps us caught in samsara , the endless cycle of repeated rebirth and dying again , and the dukkha that comes with it . There is , however , a way to end this cycle , namely by attaining nirvana , cessation of craving , whereafter rebirth and associated dukkha will no longer arise again . This can be accomplished by following the eightfold path , restraining oneself , cultivating discipline , and practicing mindfulness and meditation .   In short form , the four truths are dukkha , samudaya ( `` arising , '' `` coming together '' ) , nirodha ( `` cessation , '' `` confinement '' ) , and magga , the path leading to cessation . As the `` Four Noble Truths '' ( Sanskrit : catvāri āryasatyāni ; Pali : cattāri ariyasaccāni ) , they are `` the truths of the Noble Ones , '' the truths or realities which are understood by the `` worthy ones `` Encyclopædia Britannica , Arhat ( Buddhism ) who have attained nirvana .   In the sutras , Buddhist religious texts , the four truths have both a symbolic and a propositional function . They represent the awakening and liberation of the Buddha , but also the possibility of liberation for all sentient beings , describing how release from craving is to be reached . In the Pali canon scriptures , the four truths appear in a `` network of teachings , '' as part of `` the entire dhamma matrix , '' which have to be taken together . They provide a conceptual framework for introducing and explaining Buddhist thought , which has to be personally understood or `` experienced '' .   The function of the four truths , and their importance , developed over time , when prajna , or `` liberating insight , '' came to be regarded as liberating in itself , instead of or in addition to the practice of dhyana , meditation . This `` liberating insight '' gained a prominent place in the sutras , and the four truths came to represent this liberating insight , as part of the enlightenment story of the Buddha .   The four truths became of central importance in the Theravada tradition of Buddhism , which holds to the idea that insight into the four truths is liberating in itself . They are less prominent in the Mahayana tradition , which sees the higher aims of insight into sunyata , emptiness , and following the Bodhisattva path as central elements in their teachings and practice . The Mahayana tradition reinterpreted the four truths to explain how a liberated being can still be `` pervasively operative in this world . '' Beginning with the exploration of Buddhism by western colonialists in the 19th century and the development of Buddhist modernism , they came to be often presented in the west as the central teaching of Buddhism .

neg: Theravada Theravāda ( Pali , literally `` school of the elder monks '' ) is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha 's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core . The Pali canon is the only complete Buddhist canon which survives in a classical Indic Language , Pali , which serves as the sacred language and lingua franca of Theravada Buddhism . Another feature of Theravada is that it tends to be very conservative about matters of doctrine and monastic discipline . As a distinct sect , Theravada Buddhism developed in Sri Lanka and spread to the rest of Southeast Asia .   Theravada also includes a rich diversity of traditions and practices that have developed over its long history of interactions with varying cultures and religious communities . It is the dominant form of religion in Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar , Sri Lanka , and Thailand , and is practiced by minority groups in Bangladesh , China , Nepal , and Vietnam . In addition , the diaspora of all of these groups as well as converts around the world practice Theravāda Buddhism . Contemporary expressions include Buddhist modernism , the Vipassana movement and the Thai Forest Tradition .

neg: Buddhist ethics Buddhist ethics are traditionally based on what Buddhists view as the enlightened perspective of the Buddha , or other enlightened beings such as Bodhisattvas . The Indian term for ethics or morality used in Buddhism is Śīla or sīla ( Pāli ) . Śīla in Buddhism is one of three sections of the Noble Eightfold Path , and is a code of conduct that embraces a commitment to harmony and self-restraint with the principal motivation being non-violence , or freedom from causing harm . It has been variously described as virtue , right conduct , morality , moral discipline and precept .   Sīla is an internal , aware , and intentional ethical behavior , according to one 's commitment to the path of liberation . It is an ethical compass within self and relationships , rather than what is associated with the English word `` morality '' ( i.e. , obedience , a sense of obligation , and external constraint ) .   Sīla is one of the three practices foundational to Buddhism and the non-sectarian Vipassana movement -- sīla , samādhi , and paññā as well as the Theravadin foundations of sīla , Dāna , and Bhavana . It is also the second pāramitā . Sīla is also wholehearted commitment to what is wholesome . Two aspects of sīla are essential to the training : right `` performance '' ( caritta ) , and right `` avoidance '' ( varitta ) . Honoring the precepts of sīla is considered a `` great gift '' ( mahadana ) to others , because it creates an atmosphere of trust , respect , and security . It means the practitioner poses no threat to another person 's life , property , family , rights , or well-being .   Moral instructions are included in Buddhist scriptures or handed down through tradition . Most scholars of Buddhist ethics thus rely on the examination of Buddhist scriptures , and the use of anthropological evidence from traditional Buddhist societies , to justify claims about the nature of Buddhist ethics .

neg: Buddhist University Buddhist University ( BU ) is a university in Sanchi Town , India . The university was established in September 2012 by Government of Madhya Pradesh and then Sri Lankan president Mahinda Rajapaksa , Bhutan 's Prime Minister Jigmi Yozyer Thinley , and Mahabodhi Society of Sri Lanka president Bangala Upatissa Nayaka Thero laid the foundation stone for the University on 17th of same month .   The university built in collaboration with the government of Madhya Pradesh , Sri Lanka and Bhutan to promote the Buddhist and Indic Studies in the world .   Government of Madhya Pradesh had invested Rs 300 crore to promote ` peace and harmony '' by setting university which will help in promote tourism and cultural trade in the state as Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam appose the move to protest Sri Lankan President Mahindra Rajapaksa 's visit to Sanchi .

neg: Gelongma Gelongma ( feminine term ) ( wylie : dge slong ma ) or Gelong ( masculine term ) is the Tibetan word for a fully ordained monastic observing the entire vinaya . While the exact number of vows observed varies from one ordination lineage to another , generally the female monastic observes 360 vows while the male monastic observes 265 .   Getsul and Getsulma ( Tib <dge tshul> ) ( Skt <sramanera> ) is the novice ordination , a preparation monastic level prior to Gelongma . Novices , both male and female , adhere to twenty-five main vows . A lay person or child monk too young to take the full vows may take the five vows called `` approaching virtue '' ( in Tibetan genyen <dge snyan> ) . These five vows can be practiced as a monastic , where the genyen maintains celibacy , or as a lay practitioner , where the married genyen maintains fidelity .   Starting with the novice ordination ( Tib . ge tsul ) some may choose to take forty years to gradually arrive at the bhikkshu ( Tib . gelong -RSB- vows of a fully ordained monk . Others take the getsulma and gelongma vows on the same day and practice as a gelongma from the beginning , as the getsulma vows are included within the gelongma .

neg: Vajracharya A bajracharya or vajracharya ( lit . `` vajra carrier '' ) is a Vajrayana Buddhist priest among the Newar communities of Nepal and a Revered Teacher who is highly attained in Vajrayana practices and rituals . Vajracharya means `` vajra carrier '' . They are also commonly called guru-ju or gu-bhaju ( a short form for guru bhaju ) which are Nepali terms related to the Sanskrit term guru , and translate as `` teacher '' or `` priest '' . The bajracharya is the highest ranking of the Newar castes that are born Buddhist .   The emergence of vajracharya institution is ascribed to the decline of celibate Buddhist monks in about 13th century , and the emergence of Vajrayana .   To become a professional Guruju , a person of the bajracharya caste must go through a number of rituals . The bajracharya boy goes through a ritualistic process of initiation known as bajravishekha , including shaving off the head as the buddha and asking for alms , at a minimum of seven houses a day in different places , in the tradition of monks since the time of Gautama Buddha . Sometimes tantric Newar Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism is referred to as `` Vajracharya Buddhism '' .   The writers of Rebuilding Buddhism : The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-century Nepal explore the unusual relationship of the vajracharyas and their assistant shakyas with Buddhist monasticism :  Unlike Vajracharyas , Shakya men may not be priests for others , but together with Vajracharya men they are the members of the traditional Newar Buddhist monasteries , known honorifically as vihara and colloquially as baha or bahi . In so far as Shakya and Vajracharya men filled their roles in the monastery , they were monks . In effect , they were married , part-time monks .   Many of the modern Buddhist scholars in Nepal belong to the vajracharya tradition .

neg: Amitayurdhyana Sutra The Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra ( Sanskrit ; ) is a Mahayana sutra in Pure Land Buddhism , a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism . It is one of the three principle Pure Land sutras along with the Infinite Life Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra . Amitāyus is another name for the buddha Amitābha , the preeminent figure in Pure Land Buddhism , and this sūtra focuses mainly on meditations involving complex visualization . This is reflected in the name of the sūtra , which translates to the `` Amitāyus Meditation Sūtra . ''   It is considered by modern scholarship to be apocryphal of Chinese origin . The Sanskrit name and Sanskrit versions are thus reverse translations . According to Paul Williams , a more accurate Sanskrit title for this text would be Amitāyurbuddhānusmṛti Sūtra , meaning `` Amitāyus Buddha-mindfulness Sūtra . '' No Sanskrit version of the sutra is known to exist .

neg: Siddhartha Siddharth or Siddhartha is the birth name of the founder of Buddhism , Gautama Buddha .   Siddhartha may also refer to :   Siddhartha ( novel ) , a fictional book about the life of a man ( not the Buddha ) named Siddhartha , by Hermann Hesse  Siddhartha ( 1972 film ) , the 1972 film of the book , directed by Conrad Rooks  Sidhartha ( 1998 film )  Siddharth ( 2013 film ) , a 2013 Indian film  Siddhartha ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 Indian Kannada film  Siddhartha ( opera ) , opera by Per Nørgård  Siddhartha ( musical ) , an original production by Chu Un Temple and BLIA Cebu  King Siddartha , father of Mahavira , an important figure in Jain history  Siddharta ( band ) , a Slovenian rock band  Siddhartha ( American rock band )  Siddhartha ( Mexican rock band )  Siddartha University , the first and the only Buddhist university in Nepal  SIDDHARTA , an experiment at DAFNE electron -- positron collider in Italy  `` Siddhartha '' , a song by Jerry Cantrell on the album Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2


query: Mary Tyler Moore did not die from cardiopulmonary arrest.

pos: Mary Tyler Moore Mary Tyler Moore ( December 29 , 1936 -- January 25 , 2017 ) was an American actress , known for her roles in the television sitcoms The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970 -- 1977 ) , in which she starred as Mary Richards , a single woman working as a local news producer in Minneapolis , and The Dick Van Dyke Show ( 1961 -- 1966 ) , in which she played Laura Petrie , a former dancer turned Westchester homemaker , wife and mother . Her film work includes 1967 's Thoroughly Modern Millie and 1980 's Ordinary People , in which she played a role that was very different from the television characters she had portrayed , and for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress .   Due to her roles on both The Mary Tyler Moore Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show , in which her characters often broke from stereotypical images of women and pushed gender norms , Moore became a cultural icon and served as an inspiration for many younger actresses , professional women , and feminists . She was later active in charity work and various political causes , particularly the issues of animal rights and diabetes . She was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes early in the run of The Mary Tyler Moore Show . She also suffered from alcoholism , which she wrote about in her first of two memoirs . In May 2011 , Moore underwent elective brain surgery to remove a benign meningioma . She died from cardiopulmonary arrest due to pneumonia at the age of 80 on January 25 , 2017 .

neg: Moore machine In the theory of computation , a Moore machine is a finite-state machine whose output values are determined only by its current state . This is in contrast to a Mealy machine , whose output values are determined both by its current state and by the values of its inputs . The Moore machine is named after Edward F. Moore , who presented the concept in a 1956 paper , `` Gedanken-experiments on Sequential Machines . ''

neg: Still Got the Blues Still Got the Blues is a 1990 album by guitarist Gary Moore . Prior to this album Moore 's work had consisted of predominantly jazz-fusion with Colosseum II and rock and hard rock styles , including his work with Skid Row , Thin Lizzy , G-Force , as well as a large repertoire of solo work . This album , as evidenced by its title , was a departure from hard rock to an electric blues style .   Still Got the Blues was assisted by contributions from Albert King , Albert Collins and George Harrison .   The title track was released on the single format and reached No. 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 16 February 1991 . It was the only single of Moore 's to chart in the Billboard Hot 100 .   The album reached No. 83 on the Billboard 200 on 16 February 1991 , then was certified gold by the RIAA on November 1995 . This was the most successful album both in sales and chart positions from Gary Moore in the US .

neg: Michael Moore Live Michael Moore Live , a 1999 television show featuring political advocate Michael Moore , ran for one six-part series . It was shown on Channel 4 and aired in the United Kingdom only , though it was broadcast from New York .   The show had a similar format to The Awful Truth but also incorporated phone-ins and a live stunt each week . It was filmed around 7pm local time , which due to the time difference made it a late-night show in the UK . ( EST is -5 hrs from BST )   The live phone-ins all featured UK viewers , and questions were mainly about American policy at the time , e.g. gun control and the war in Kosovo . Each week , Moore was joined by guests , and one of the regulars was an illegal UK alien in the USA named Nigel ( although his real name was James Horne ) . Throughout the show , he had to wear a rubber Queen Elizabeth II mask to hide his true identity .

neg: Not Today (Mary J. Blige song) `` Not Today '' is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige , featuring guest vocals by rapper Eve . Recorded for her sixth studio album Love & Life ( 2003 ) , the track was released as the album 's third single in 2003 , also serving as a promotional single to the soundtrack of the motion picture Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2003 ) .

neg: Treva Silverman Treva Silverman is an American screenwriter . She is best-known for her work on the 1970s sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show . She won two Emmy Awards in 1974 for her work on Mary Tyler Moore , winning both Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series and Writer of the Year .   In the 1960s and 1970s , Silverman also wrote scripts for That Girl , The Monkees , He & She , Room 222 and The Bill Cosby Show .

neg: Mary Barr Clay Mary Barr Clay ( October 2 , 1839 -- October 12 , 1924 ) was a leader of the American women 's suffrage movement . She also was known as Mary B. Clay and Mrs. J. Frank Herrick .   The elder daughter of Cassius Marcellus Clay and his wife Mary Jane Warfield , Mary Barr Clay was born on October 2 , 1839 , in Lexington , Kentucky . Clay married John Francis `` Frank '' Herrick , of Cleveland , Ohio , on October 3 , 1866 . The couple had three sons : Cassius Clay Herrick ( July 17 , 1867 - March 1935 ) ; Francis Warfield ( February 9 , 1869 - May 16 , 1919 ) ; and , Green ( August 11 , 1872 - 1948 ? ) . They divorced in 1872 . She then dropped the Herrick name and took back her surname of Clay ; she changed the last names of her two youngest children to Clay also .   In 1878 , Clay 's parents also divorced , leaving her mother Mary Jane Clay homeless after she had managed White Hall , the family estate , for 45 years . This inequality galvanized Clay into joining the women 's rights movement , and she soon brought her three younger sisters with her . Laura Clay , the youngest , also became very active in the movement .   In May 1879 , Mary B. Clay went to St. Louis , Missouri to attend the tenth anniversary of the National Woman Suffrage Association . She soon became a Kentucky delegate for that organization , serving as a vice-president . She was already a Vice President for the American Woman Suffrage Association . There she met Susan B. Anthony and arranged for the suffrage leader to speak in Richmond , Kentucky . Returning home she organized the Fayette County Equal Suffrage Association in 1879 . The next year , she created the Madison County Equal Rights Association . While living in Ann Arbor , Michigan , to educate her two younger sons , she organized a suffrage club there . She became president pro tem of the convention in Flint for the Michigan State Suffrage Association.She also edited a column in the Ann Arbor `` Register and spoke before the senior law class of the University of Michigan on the `` Constitutional Right of Women to Vote . '' She submitted the Kentucky report in Volume 3 of the History of Woman Suffrage : 1876-1885 .   Clay became the first Kentuckian to hold the office of president in a national woman 's organization when she was elected president of the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1883 . Mary B. Clay was also the first Kentucky woman to speak publicly on women 's rights .   She corresponded with Susan B. Anthony , Lucy Stone , Alice Stone Blackwell and other leading suffragists . She is credited with drawing her younger sister Laura Clay into the women 's rights movement . The younger Clay became better known in history as a women 's rights advocate .   Her public life pretty much ended in 1902 , as she dealt with ill health and family obligations . Clay died on October 12 , 1924 , and she is interred at Lexington Cemetery .

neg: How Not to Die How Not to Die : Surprising Lessons on Living Longer , Safer , and Healthier from America 's Favorite Medical Examiner is a book about safe and healthy living written by Jan Garavaglia , aka `` Dr. G '' , who is Chief Medical Examiner for the District Nine ( Orange-Osceola ) Medical Examiner 's Office in Florida .   The book was released on October 14 , 2008 by Crown Publishing , a division of Random House . Using cases from her 20 years of experience as a medical examiner , Garavaglia identifies some lifestyle and behavioral choices that may result in premature death . She also offers advice on how to be smart and pro-active about one 's health . The Library Journal has called the book `` surprisingly entertaining '' .

neg: Alan Moore (drummer) Alan `` Skip '' Moore ( born 1 January 1950 , Birmingham , Warwickshire ) is a British musician , who is best known as the third official drummer of the heavy metal band Judas Priest , who played on their second album , Sad Wings of Destiny ( 1976 ) .   Moore was already active in the Birmingham rock , blues , folk and country scene , and played with numerous bands , including The Young Casuals , The Other Lot , The Outer Light , Gabriel Oak , Glad Stallion , Tendency Jones and Pendulum . He was first approached by guitarist K. K. Downing and bassist Ian Hill in 1971 , and joined in the early and unofficial phase of the newborn Judas Priest for a period of about a year ( during this time Al Atkins was still the vocalist ) . He left in 1972 to join the Birmingham country rock band , Sundance , with whom he recorded the album Rain , Steam , Speed ( 1974 ) , and their single , `` Coming Down '' .   In 1975 , drummer John Hinch left Judas Priest , and Downing and Hill re-approached Moore . For the second time , Moore joined the band , making him the only drummer in the history of Judas Priest to have two separate stints . His first show after re-joining was in 1975.10.11 - Slough College , London , UK , during which guitarist/backing vocalist Glenn Tipton introduced `` our new drummer Skip '' who `` only had a few hours of rehearsal '' . In 1976 , they recorded the album Sad Wings of Destiny . Despite the success of the album , Moore decided to leave again , only this time permanently .   Moore continued to play with numerous other bands and recording sessions . In 1981 he signed to Ariola Records with the band R.P.M. , releasing two singles ; Now That Summer 's Here and Lost In Space . After moving out of London he continued to play with various ` scratch bands ' and session musicians . He now lives with his wife and two sons on The Isle of Wight , playing blues and rock with Frank Aiello - previously front man with Cozy Powell .  Several musical biographers , journalists , band members , and fans have tried to trace Moore without success . In the official biography The Story Of Judas Priest : Defenders Of The Faith , author Neil Daniels said that Moore was the only former member of the band he could not trace at all .

neg: Death Warrant (film) Death Warrant is a 1990 American action crime mystery-thriller film directed by Deran Sarafian and produced by Mark DiSalle . The film was written by David S. Goyer while a student at USC , and was Goyer 's first screenplay to be sold and produced commercially . In the film , the police detective Louis Burke is going into a prison facility at California as an undercover cop in order to find out who stands behind a mysterious series of murders , and finds himself locked up with his arch-nemesis ; Christian Naylor , a psychotic serial killer who calls himself `` The Sandman '' whom sets out to exact revenge upon him after getting into prison .   Death Warrant was released on September 14 , 1990 . Upon its release , the film grossed $ 46 million against production budget of only $ 6 million . The film received general mixed to poor critical reaction from critics who found the direction , its storyline , villain , and the plot poor , but highly praised the acting as well as the action scenes and the thrilling atmosphere .

neg: MET call The MET call ( Medical Emergency Team ) was designed at the Liverpool Hospital , Sydney , Australia in 1990 and has continued to develop and spread around the Western world as part of a Rapid Response System . The MET call is a hospital based system , designed for a nurse ( or other staff member ) to alert and call other staff for help when a patients vital signs have fallen outside set criteria . These criteria were designed around studies suggesting that certain vital sign ranges and symptoms occur before poor patient conditions which may lead to death ( For example , Chest pain , a raise in heart rate and an elevated blood pressure may indicate the patient may be about to have a heart attack ) . In the original model , the criteria also include `` and any patient you are seriously worried about '' , although this is not included in all hospitals despite some observational trials showing it is the most commonly used calling criteria in hospitals that use it .   MET calls may be triggered using vitals sign charts where patient observations breach certain parameters that represent severe deterioration . Triggers may relate to single parameter breaches ( such as an extremely low blood pressure or a very fast heart rate ) , or from a combination of less severe abnormal vital signs that are cumulatively scored to identify a patient at high risk . Such systems are called MEWS or modified early warning score systems . Vital sign charts are often color-coded to aid both the calculation of MEWS and those patient that need a MET call .   The MET call is generally made by a phone call ( e.g. to `` switch '' ) . On the ward it may be via an emergency button on the wall , which sounds a siren , and in some hospitals , a red light will begin flashing outside the patients room . Most staff are encouraged to attend and help as required .   Interventions and tests that the MET call may include : Oxygen ( via a mask ) , Blood glucose levels , CPAP ( Continuous positive airway pressure ) , X-ray , ECG , Vital signs , documentation and Spirometry .   Two to three trained professionals arrive at the room of the Emergency , and will work together with staff to assist the patient , as well as doctors , nurses and anyone who is able to help . Jobs are allocated including someone to record the nature of emergency and what they are doing to fix the problem .  Some patients may be transferred to ICU post MET .   Implementation of the MET system has been controversial . It generally requires ICU medical and nursing staff to move beyond their traditional boundaries of control . It implies extra work , although arguably reduces the workload of patients arriving in ICU . Studies such as the MERIT study have been inconclusive and a source of ongoing controversy . Apart from clinical care implications , the MET system represents a political change within the hospital hierarchy , as it empowers nurses on the ward to summon help from senior critical care medical staff , rather than the traditional route of moving up the medical hierarchy starting with the intern . This political dimension of the MET system is not commonly discussed in scientific literature , and is probably not recognised by most hospital staff , but may underlie much of the resistance to this intuitively appropriate system . Many institutions however already have ` Cardiac Arrest ' or ` Code Blue ' teams that are often activated by nursing staff . Utilising such a system earlier where rapid expert intervention may prevent continued decline culminating in arrest may be one way in which the team can be sold to a resistant medical hierarchy .

neg: Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular tachycardia ( V-tach or VT ) is a type of regular and fast heart rate that arises from improper electrical activity in the ventricles of the heart . Although a few seconds may not result in problems , longer periods are dangerous . Short periods may occur without symptoms or present with lightheadedness , palpitations , or chest pain . Ventricular tachycardia may result in cardiac arrest and turn into ventricular fibrillation . Ventricular tachycardia is found initially in about 7 % of people in cardiac arrest .   Ventricular tachycardia can occur due to coronary heart disease , aortic stenosis , cardiomyopathy , electrolyte problems , or a heart attack . Diagnosis is by an electrocardiogram ( ECG ) showing a rate of greater than 120 bpm and at least three wide QRS complexes in a row . It is classified as non-sustained versus sustained based on whether or not it lasts less than or more than 30 seconds . The term `` ventricular tachycardias '' refers to the group of irregular heartbeats that includes ventricular tachycardia , ventricular fibrillation , and torsades de pointes .   In those who have a normal blood pressure and strong pulse , the antiarrhythmic medication procainamide may be used . Otherwise immediate cardioversion is recommended . In those in cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) and defibrillation is recommended . Biphasic defibrillation may be better than monophasic . While waiting for a defibrillator , a precordial thump may be attempted in those on a heart monitor who are seen to go into an unstable ventricular tachycardia . In those with cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia survival is about 45 % . An implantable cardiac defibrillator or medications such as calcium channel blockers or amiodarone may be used to prevent recurrence .

neg: Kelly Moore (writer) Kelly Moore is an American author and former attorney . Her 1988 book Deadly Medicine , which focused on the crimes and trial of serial killer Genene Jones , was a New York Times bestseller for seven weeks . Amber House , the first installment in her young adult fiction series , co-written with her daughters Tucker Reed and Larkin Reed , was published by Scholastic 's Arthur A. Levine Books imprint on October 1 , 2012 .

neg: Assist (Scientology) The Scientology Assist is a procedure claimed to alleviate `` a present time -LSB- current -RSB- discomfort '' or bring a person who has recently died back to life .   Assists are claimed to address the spirit , the person themselves , in bringing about a speedier recovery from illness and injury . For this reason it is made very clear that Assists do not `` heal the body '' , it is the spirit that helps heal the body and that is what assists are actually addressing and there are many records where parishioners of the Church have attested to their effectiveness either receiving or administering them .   There are many different types of Assists that anyone can easily and swiftly learn to do at home for aiding recovery of all manner of illnesses , accidents and injuries and even domestic upsets , of any and all age groups including babies and even pets . There are also assists to , Scientologists believe , help make someone sober or recover from the loss of a loved one .   No drugs or medication is used . They are not intended to replace competent professional medical treatment , which is why they are correctly called ASSISTS and not `` medicine '' or `` healing '' . They are thought to assist the ill or injured person themselves to recover more swiftly in the way they were designed and prescribed , as well as in conjunction with competent professional medical treatment where necessary . Assists can and often are administered without any medical treatment necessary , but does not replace it when it is necessary .   Thousands of examples of miraculous results of Assists are claimed .   The Church and its founder have been accused of unauthorized `` healing '' or `` practicing medicine '' ( i.e. addressing the body ) with Assists , when internal publications within the Church on Assist procedure state this is not the case .   In the past , the Church of Scientology has received negative attention from law enforcement and regulatory agencies for practicing medicine without proper licensing . Thus , even though assists are intended to treat pain , injuries , and even death , modern Church of Scientology publications are careful to note that they are not intended to replace medicine , since it often goes against current scientific understanding of the subject and may result in direct conflict with the relevant authorities .   As the Scientology Handbook ( 1994 edition ) states , `` Medical examination and diagnosis should be sought where needed , and where treatment is routinely successful , medical treatment should be obtained . An assist is not a substitute for medical treatment and does not attempt to cure injuries requiring medical aid , but is complementary ( adds ) to it . '' </blockquote>

neg: This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin .   Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million .   In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed .   After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .

neg: Lane Moore Lane Moore is an American stand-up comedian , writer , director , actor , singer , songwriter and multi-instrumentalist living in New York , New York . Paste named her Twitter one of the `` The 75 Best Twitter Accounts of 2014 '' , and `` The 75 Best Twitter Accounts of 2015 '' , ranking it at # 19 . BUST Magazine called Moore one of 10 Funny Ladies You Need To Be Watching and Brooklyn Magazine called Moore one of the 50 Funniest People In Brooklyn . Bust magazine named her band It Was Romance The Best Band Of 2015 .

neg: Death of Chavis Carter The death of Chavis Carter , a 21-year-old African-American man who was found dead from a gunshot while handcuffed in the back of a police patrol car on July 29 , 2012 , was ruled a suicide by the Arkansas State Crime Lab .   Carter was in the passenger seat of a pickup truck which was stopped by the Jonesboro , Arkansas Police Department . It was reported that an officer found small amounts of cannabis on his person after a body search and ran his information through the police computer network . The officers discovered that he had an outstanding warrant , so they placed him under arrest , searching him again and handcuffing his hands behind his back before placing him in the patrol vehicle .   Minutes later , the officers discovered that Chavis Carter was shot in the head . The officers found a semi-automatic , .380 - caliber Cobra pistol near the body . The Jonesboro Police Department believe that he had hidden the gun on his person that the officers did not detect through the two searches and used it on himself . Carter 's mother disagreed , claiming that Carter had no history of suicidal thoughts or actions , and addressed the fact that he had made arrangements with his girlfriend to meet him at the prison the next day , and that the police killed him . In addition , she states that he was left-handed and was handcuffed behind his back , yet the bullet entered through his right temple . The two officers at the scene were placed on administrative leave and an investigation was started .   A video was released by the police in which a police officer of similar height and build to Carter shows how Carter could have shot himself while handcuffed in a police car . A witness to the event said the police were outside the vehicle when the shot was fired .   The FBI were requested by the Jonesboro Police Department to investigate the death .   The local NAACP sponsored a vigil . There have been several protests in Jonesboro due to many not believing the police explanation of Carter 's death .   On August 20 , 2012 , the Arkansas crime lab ruled the death as a suicide .

neg: Cure A cure is the end of a medical condition ; the substance or procedure that ends the medical condition , such as a medication , a surgical operation , a change in lifestyle , or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person 's sufferings ; or the state of being healed , or cured .   A remission is a temporary end to the medical signs and symptoms of an incurable disease . A disease is said to be incurable if there is always a chance of the patient relapsing , no matter how long the patient has been in remission . An incurable disease may or may not be a terminal illness ; conversely , a curable illness can still result in the patient 's death .   The proportion of people with a disease that are cured by a given treatment , called the cure fraction or cure rate , is determined by comparing disease-free survival of treated people against a matched control group that never had the disease .   Another way of determining the cure fraction and/or `` cure time '' is by measuring when the hazard rate in a diseased group of individuals returns to the hazard rate measured in the general population .   Inherent in the idea of a cure is the permanent end to the specific instance of the disease . When a person has the common cold , and then recovers from it , the person is said to be cured , even though the person might someday catch another cold . Conversely , a person that has successfully managed a disease , such as diabetes mellitus , so that it produces no undesirable symptoms for the moment , but without actually permanently ending it , is not cured .   Related concepts , whose meaning can differ , include response , remission and recovery .

neg: Florence Moore Florence E. Moore ( November 13 , 1886 -- March 23 , 1935 ) was an American vaudeville , Broadway performer , and actress in silent films .   Born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , Moore began singing in the choir of Saint Clement 's Church , Philadelphia at the age of thirteen . She began touring with the stock company of her brother Frank Moore . Florence got her first opportunity in Moscow , Idaho , when a male member of the cast failed to appear . Thereafter she was a regular with the company , playing the role of a Chinese without pay .   Her first Broadway appearance came in 1912 , as Clorinda Scribblem in Hanky Panky . During the next twenty years she participated in numerous productions . As a comedian she performed in musical comedies , revues on Broadway , and headlined as a vaudeville actress while touring America . While working in The Champagne Girls , Florence met and married William J. Montgomery and they became part of a popular vaudeville team . She divorced Montgomery and married John O. Kerner . Later she was separated from Kerner . Records show that she was also married to Jules I. Schwob .   To theatregoers in New York , New York Florence is perhaps best known for being the first female emcee at the Palace Theatre . as well as her performance in Parlor , Bedroom and Bath . The production debuted in New York and played for two years on the road . Her final appearance on the New York stage came in 1932 , in a revival of Cradle Snatchers . She starred in the role of Mary Boland which had been created seven years earlier .   As a motion picture actress Moore had a brief career . Films in which she appeared are The Old Melody ( 1913 ) opposite King Baggot , The Weakness of Strength ( 1916 ) , and The Secret of Eve ( 1917 ) opposite Olga Petrova . She belonged to the Actors ' Equity Association and the Twelfth Night Club .   Florence Moore died in the Fitzgerald Mercy Hospital in Darby , Pennsylvania in 1935 , aged forty nine . Death followed an operation for cancer .

neg: List of women who died in childbirth This is a list of notable women , either famous themselves or closely associated with someone well known , who suffered maternal death as defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) :   `` the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy , irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy , from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes . ''   Note that this wording includes abortion , miscarriage , stillbirth , and ectopic pregnancy . Generally , there is a distinction between a direct maternal death that is the result of a complication of the pregnancy , delivery , or management of the two , and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy-related death in a woman with a pre-existing or newly developed health problem unrelated to pregnancy . Fatalities during but unrelated to a pregnancy are termed accidental , incidental , or non-obstetrical maternal deaths .   However , the WHO definition is only one of many ; other definitions may include accidental and incidental causes . Cases with `` incidental causes '' include deaths secondary to violence against women that may be related to the pregnancy and be affected by the socioeconomic and cultural environment . Also , it has been reported that about 10 % of maternal deaths may occur late , that is after 42 days after a termination or delivery ; thus , some definitions extend the period of observation to one year after the end of gestation .

neg: The Last Best Year The Last Best Year is a 1990 American made-for-television drama film starring Mary Tyler Moore and Bernadette Peters concerning a lonely woman who discovers that she has a terminal illness . It originally premiered on ABC on November 4 , 1990 .


query: Jordan Knight was born on May 17, 1950.

pos: Jordan Knight Jordan Nathaniel Marcel Knight ( born May 17 , 1970 ) is an American singer-songwriter and actor , best known as the lead singer of the boy band New Kids on the Block ( NKOTB ) , who rose to fame in the 1980s and 1990s . He is best known for his distinctive falsetto style of singing , influenced by The Stylistics . After New Kids on the Block split in 1994 , he launched a solo career . Jordan 's first solo album , released in 1999 , and his latest solo album , released in 2011 , reached the Top 50 on the US Billboard 200 . As of 2011 , he released four Top 40 singles ; the most well known being `` Give It to You '' in 1999 . Knight has released three solo albums , one remix album and one EP . On May 31 , 2011 , Knight released the studio album , Unfinished . Knight has sold over 1.5 million records worldwide as a solo artist . In 2015 , Boston City Council declared February 7 `` Jordan Knight Day . ''

neg: Scott May Scott Glenn May ( born March 19 , 1954 ) is a retired American professional basketball player .

neg: Marlon Jordan Marlon Jordan ( born August 21 , 1970 in New Orleans , Louisiana ) is an American jazz trumpeter , composer , and bandleader .

neg: Jordan Ritter Jordan Ritter ( born February 1 , 1978 ) is an American serial entrepreneur , software architect and angel investor .

neg: Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah ( الحسين بن عبد الله الثاني , Al-Ḥusayn bin ʿAbdullāh aṯ-ṯānī ; born 28 June 1994 ) is the heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of Jordan and the eldest child of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania . He replaced his half-uncle , Prince Hamzah , as heir apparent in 2004 , and was granted the title of crown prince in 2009 . Since reaching the age of majority in 2012 , Hussein has functioned as regent on several occasions .

neg: Bill Jordan, Baron Jordan William Brian Jordan , Baron Jordan , CBE ( FRSA ) ( born 28 January 1936 ) , known as Bill Jordan , is a British economist and Labour politician .   The son of Walter and Alice Jordan , he was educated at the Barford Road Secondary modern school in Birmingham .   Jordan was President of the Amalgamated Engineering Union ( AEU ) , and then its successor , the Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union ( AEEU ) , from 1986 to 1995 . During the same time he was member of the Trades Union Congress ( TUC ) General Council . In 1995 , he became General Secretary of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ( ICFTU ) , a post he held until 2002 .   He was also a long-serving Governor of the London School of Economics from 1987 to 2002 , and of the BBC from 1988 to 1998 .   Jordan was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 1992 New Year Honours , and was created a life peer with the title Baron Jordan , of Bournville in the County of West Midlands , on 5 June 2000 .   Since 1958 , Lord Jordan has been married to Jean Ann Livesey ; they have three daughters , nine grandchildren and two greatgrandchildren .

neg: Glenn Jordan Glenn Jordan ( born April 5 , 1936 ) is an American television director and producer .   Born in San Antonio , Texas , Jordan directed multiple episodes of Family and has helmed numerous television movies , several based on real persons as diverse as Benjamin Franklin , George Armstrong Custer , Lucille Ball , Christa McAuliffe , and Karen Ann Quinlan . His directing credits include small-screen adaptions of The Picture of Dorian Gray , Les Misérables , Hogan 's Goat , Eccentricities of a Nightingale , A Streetcar Named Desire , O Pioneers ! , and A Christmas Memory . Additional television directing credits include Heartsounds , Botticelli , Sarah , Plain and Tall , To Dance with the White Dog , Barbarians at the Gate , The Long Way Home , Sarah , Plain and Tall : Winter 's End , The Boys , and Jane 's House .   Jordan has directed three feature films : Only When I Laugh , The Buddy System , and Mass Appeal .   Jordan has been nominated for thirteen Emmy Awards and won four , for producing the miniseries Benjamin Franklin , for producing and directing the Hallmark Hall of Fame production Promise , and for executive producing the HBO production Barbarians at the Gate . He won two New York area Emmys for the PBS series Actor 's Choice and New York Television Theatre . He won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in a Dramatic Series for Family and was nominated for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Specials or Movies for Television for Les Misérables . Three of his productions ( Benjamin Franklin , Heartsounds , and Promise ) have won Peabody Awards .

neg: Knight (chess) The knight is a piece in the game of chess , representing a knight ( armored cavalry ) . It is normally represented by a horse 's head and neck . Colloquially it is sometimes referred to as a `` horse '' , which is also the translation of the piece 's name in several languages . Each player starts with two knights , which begin on the row closest to the player , between the rooks and bishops .

neg: Toby Knight Toby Thomas Knight ( born May 3 , 1955 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He played professionally for the New York Knicks .

neg: V. Craig Jordan Virgil Craig Jordan , OBE , PhD , DSc , FMedSci ( born Texas , US , British/American joint national ) is a scientist specializing in drugs for breast cancer treatment and prevention . Currently , he is Professor of Breast Medical Oncology , and Professor of Molecular and Cellular Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas . Previously , he was Scientific Director and Vice Chairman of Oncology at the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center of Georgetown University . Jordan was the first to discover the breast cancer prevention properties of tamoxifen and the scientific principles for adjuvant therapy with antihormones . More recently his work has branched out into the prevention of multiple diseases in women with the discovery of the drug group , selective estrogen receptor modulator ( SERMs ) . Currently , he plans to develop a new Hormone Replacement Therapy ( HRT ) for post-menopausal women that prevents breast cancer and does not increase the risk of breast cancer .   A highly regarded researcher , his paper The Effect of Raloxifene on Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women - Results from the more Randomized Trial was one of the top 20 most cited papers in breast cancer research during 2003 and 2004 .

neg: Golden Knight The Golden Knight is a fictional character , a comic book knight published by DC Comics . He first appeared in The Demon vol . 3 , # 20 ( February 1992 ) , and was created by Alan Grant and Val Semeiks . The character is based on the mythical knight Percival as defined by Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished fifth romance , Perceval , le Conte du Graal ( Perceval , the Story of the Grail ) .

neg: Jordan Hall Jordan Hall is a 1,019-seat concert hall in Boston , Massachusetts , the principal performance space of the New England Conservatory . It is one block from Boston 's Symphony Hall , and together they are considered two of America 's most acoustically perfect performance spaces . It is the only conservatory building in the United States to be designated a National Historic Landmark .   The hall opened in 1903 , as a gift of Eben D. Jordan II , a Conservatory trustee and a Jordan of the Jordan Marsh retail store . Its architect was Edmund M. Wheelwright of Boston 's Wheelwright & Haven , who later designed nearby Horticultural Hall . The hall 's unusual square floor plan reflects its underlying plot of land but despite its shape , the hall has excellent acoustics , and all seats on both the main floor and horseshoe-shaped balcony have unobstructed views of the stage . The hall 's prominent organ is modeled upon one found in a church within the former hospital complex of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena , now a museum .   The dedication concert of Jordan Hall , performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra , took place on October 20 , 1903 , and created quite a stir . Effusive newspaper accounts deemed the hall `` unequaled the world over , '' and the Boston Globe reported that it was `` a place of entertainment that European musicians who were present that evening say excels in beauty anything of the kind they ever saw . '' Even a decade later , it describes itself as an `` imposing Conservatory Building '' .   Jordan Hall has won numerous awards since its restoration in 1995 , including the 1996 Massachusetts Historical Commission Preservation Award , the Victorian Society in America 's Preservation Commendation , the 1996 Boston Preservation Alliance Award , the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Award of Merit , and the Illuminating Engineering Society 1996 Lumen Award . The Conservatory 's main building , which includes Jordan Hall , was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994 ; in both cases the name used is New England Conservatory of Music .   Innumerable performances have taken place in Jordan Hall , including some 650 student performances a year as well as appearances by virtually every important classical musician of the past century . That list includes performers Nadia Boulanger , Pablo Casals , the Martha Graham Dance Company , James Galway , pianists Cyril Scott , Ferruccio Busoni , Angela Hewitt , Radu Lupu , Rudolf Serkin , Richard Goode , Krystian Zimerman , Garrick Ohlsson , Yundi Li , clarinetist Richard Stoltzman and violinist Isaac Stern ; vocalists Marian Anderson , Peter Pears , Dawn Upshaw , Ben Heppner , David Daniels , and Lorraine Hunt Lieberson ; guitarists Andrés Segovia , Christopher Parkening , Julian Bream , and Sérgio and Odair Assad ; conductors Arthur Fiedler and Kurt Masur ; composers Béla Bartók , Benjamin Britten , John Cage , Olivier Messiaen , and Aaron Copland ; jazz legends Stan Getz and Benny Goodman ; The Yale Whiffenpoofs ; and the Budapest , Juilliard , Guarneri and Tokyo string quartets .   Jordan Hall is home to From the Top , a National Public Radio classical music show hosted by New England Conservatory alumnus Christopher O'Riley . In addition , the Boston Modern Orchestra Project , New England String Ensemble , Festival Youth Orchestra , the Boston Civic Symphony , and the Boston Philharmonic play many of their concerts at Jordan Hall . In 1973 , The New England Ragtime Ensemble , then a student group called The New England Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble , recorded their Grammy Award-winning album `` The Red Back Book '' on the Jordan Hall stage .

neg: In Search of Wonder In Search of Wonder : Essays on Modern Science Fiction is a collection of critical essays by Damon Knight . Most of the material in the original version of the book was originally published between 1952 and 1955 in various science fiction magazines including Infinity Science Fiction , Original SF Stories , and Future SF . The essays were highly influential , and contributed to Knight 's stature as the foremost critic of science fiction of his generation . The book also constitutes an informal record of the `` Boom Years '' of science fiction from 1950-1955 .   In the opening chapter , Knight states his `` credos '' , two of which are :   That science fiction is a field of literature worth taking seriously , and that ordinary critical standards can be meaningfully applied to it : e.g. , originality , sincerity , style , construction , logic , coherence , sanity , garden-variety grammar .   That a bad book hurts science fiction more than ten bad notices .   Perhaps the most famous essay in the book is `` Cosmic Jerrybuilder : A. E. van Vogt '' , a review of the 1945 magazine serialization of A.E. Van Vogt 's The World of Null-A , in which Knight `` exposed the profound irrationality lying at the heart of much traditional science fiction '' .   In 1956 Knight was awarded a Hugo as `` Best Book Reviewer '' based largely on the essays reprinted in this book .

neg: Snow Knight Snow Knight ( foaled 28 February 1971 in England ) was a Thoroughbred racehorse who won Britain 's most prestigious race in 1974 , the Epsom Derby , then the following year earned an Eclipse Award as the American Champion Male Turf Horse .

neg: Nick Jordan (politician) Nick Jordan ( born 1949 ) is an American Republican politician who was formerly a member of the Kansas State Senate for the 10th District , which is centered on Shawnee , Kansas . He was also the unsuccessful Republican candidate for in 2008 , losing to Democratic incumbent Dennis Moore . When Moore decided not to run for another term in 2010 , Jordan briefly ran for the seat once again before dropping out . Jordan was nominated by Governor-elect Sam Brownback to serve as his Secretary of Revenue . His nomination was confirmed by the State Senate .

neg: Brevin Knight Brevin Adon Knight ( born November 8 , 1975 ) is an American retired professional basketball point guard who played with nine teams in the NBA from 1997 to 2009 . Knight played college basketball at Stanford University and was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers in 1997 . He is the brother of Brandin Knight .   He is currently a color commentator for the Memphis Grizzlies on Fox Sports Tennessee .

neg: John W. Jordan John W. Jordan ( born January 4 , 1926 ) is an American and former politician in the state of Florida .   Jordan was born in Danville , Indiana . He is an alumnus of Butler University . He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1968 to 1970 , as a Republican , representing the 80th district .

neg: Barbara Jordan (poet) Barbara Jordan ( born 1949 ) is an American poet .

neg: J. Z. Knight Judy Zebra `` JZ '' Knight ( born Judith Darlene Hampton , March 16 , 1946 ) is an American New Age teacher and author known for her purported channelling of a spiritual entity named Ramtha .   Knight has appeared on US TV shows , such as Larry King , MSNBC and The Merv Griffin Show , as well as in media such as Psychology Today . Her teachings have attracted figures from the entertainment and political world such as Linda Evans and Shirley MacLaine .   Knight claims to bridge ancient wisdom and the power of consciousness together with the latest discoveries in science . Some of the ideas are similar to those of Shirley MacLaine , which have in turn been criticized for being `` kindergarden metaphysics '' by mathematician and skeptic Martin Gardner . Ramtha 's teachings have been criticized by scientists and skeptics .   Knight lives in a 12,800 sqft French chateau-style home and , next door , teaches courses and runs Ramtha 's School of Enlightenment .   Knight has been married three times and is the mother of two children from her first marriage ( Brandy and Christopher ) , which ended in divorce .

neg: Jordan Steel Jordan Steel is the nickname of NHL player Jordan Staal .   The company 's stock is listed on the Amman Stock Exchange ; its symbol is JOST .


query: Mary-Louise Parker appeared in RED and many other films.

pos: Mary-Louise Parker Mary-Louise Parker ( born August 2 , 1964 ) is an American actress and author . In addition to her many films , Parker enjoyed great popularity for her lead role on Showtime 's television series Weeds portraying Nancy Botwin , for which she received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in 2006 . Parker has appeared in films and series including RED , RED 2 , Fried Green Tomatoes , Boys on the Side , The West Wing , and Angels in America , for which she received a Golden Globe and an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Parker is also the recipient of the 2001 Tony Award for Best Actress for her performance in the Broadway play Proof . She also starred in When We Rise .

neg: Red Stallion in the Rockies Red Stallion in the Rockies is a 1949 American Cinecolor film directed by Ralph Murphy . Mary Grant designed the film 's costumes .

neg: Torpedo Boat (film) Torpedo Boat is a 1942 American drama film directed by John Rawlins and written by Maxwell Shane . The film stars Richard Arlen , Jean Parker , Mary Carlisle , Phillip Terry , Dick Purcell and Ralph Sanford . The film was released on January 24 , 1948 , by Paramount Pictures .

neg: The Red Rose The Red Rose ( original title `` La Rose rouge '' ) is a French comedy film from 1951 , directed by Marcello Pagliero , written by Robert Scipion and starring Françoise Arnoul and Louis de Funès .

neg: Maris Wrixon Mary Alice `` Maris '' Wrixon ( December 28 , 1916 -- October 6 , 1999 ) was an American film and television actress . She appeared in over 50 films between 1939 and 1951 .

neg: Louise Beavers Louise Beavers ( March 8 , 1902 -- October 26 , 1962 ) was an African-American film and television actress . Beavers appeared in dozens of films from the 1920s until 1960 , most often in the role of a maid , servant , or slave . A native of Cincinnati , Ohio , Beavers was a member of Sigma Gamma Rho sorority , one of the four African-American sororities .

neg: Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .

neg: Mary Louise Weller Mary Louise Weller ( born in New York City ) is an American actress . She is perhaps best known for her role as Mandy Pepperidge in the popular 1978 film Animal House . She has also guest-starred in such television series as Starsky & Hutch , Fantasy Island , B.J. and the Bear , Supertrain , and CHiPs as well as appearing in Larry Cohen 's cult classic film , Q.

neg: Marie-Louise (film) Marie-Louise is a 1944 Swiss German & French language Swiss film directed by Leopold Lindtberg and an uncredited Franz Schnyder . The film , distributed in the U.S. by Arthur Mayer and Joseph Burstyn , was the first foreign language film ever to win an Academy Award , receiving the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay .

neg: Rolled Stockings Rolled Stockings ( 1927 ) is a silent film comedy produced and distributed by Paramount Pictures , directed by Richard Rosson , and starring Louise Brooks .

neg: Mary, Mary (play) Mary , Mary is a play by Jean Kerr . The play became one of the longest-running productions of the decade .   After two previews , the Broadway production opened on March 8 , 1961 , at the original Helen Hayes Theatre ( demolished in 1982 ) , where it ran for nearly three years and nine months before transferring to the Morosco , where it closed in December 1964 , after 1572 performances . Directed by Joseph Anthony , the original cast starred Barbara Bel Geddes as Mary , Barry Nelson as Bob , Michael Rennie as Dirk , John Cromwell as Oscar , and Betsy Von Furstenberg as Tiffany . Bel Geddes was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play .   Later in the run , Nancy Olson and Inger Stevens were among those who assumed the role of Mary , while Bob was portrayed by George Grizzard , Murray Hamilton , and Tom Poston . Hiram Sherman replaced Cromwell as Oscar , Edward Mulhare and Michael Wilding appeared as Dirk , and Carrie Nye was cast as Tiffany .

neg: The Rejuvenation of Aunt Mary (1914 film) The Rejuvenation of Aunt Mary is a 1914 silent film comedy produced by Klaw and Erlanger in association with the Biograph Company . It is based on a Broadway play , The Rejuvenation of Aunt Mary by Anne Warner which starred May Robson .   A print is preserved at the Library of Congress .

neg: The Virgin Queen (1955 film) The Virgin Queen is a 1955 DeLuxe Color historical drama film in CinemaScope starring Bette Davis , Richard Todd and Joan Collins . It focuses on the relationship between Elizabeth I of England and Sir Walter Raleigh .   The film marks the second time Davis played the English monarch ; the first was The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex ( 1939 ) . It was also the first Hollywood film for Australian actor Rod Taylor .   Charles LeMaire and Mary Wills were nominated for the Academy Award for Costume Design . LeMaire won , but for another film , Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing ( 1955 ) .

neg: Vinegar Hill (novel) Vinegar Hill is a 1994 novel by A. Manette Ansay . It was chosen as an Oprah 's Book Club selection in November 1999 . It was adapted as a television film in 2005 , starring Mary-Louise Parker and Tom Skerritt .

neg: Royal Parker Royal Pollokoff ( April 8 , 1929 -- January 8 , 2016 ) , better known by the stage name Royal Parker , was an American television personality . In a broadcasting career spanning the 1940s -- 1990s , he appeared in various roles , becoming a staple on television screens in the Baltimore , Maryland , area .

neg: Malcolm (film) Malcolm is a 1986 Australian cult film comedy , written by the husband-and-wife team of David Parker and Nadia Tass , and directed by Nadia Tass ( who made her debut as a feature director on this film ) . The film stars Colin Friels as Malcolm , a tram enthusiast who becomes involved with a pair of would-be bank robbers . His co-stars are Lindy Davies and John Hargreaves . The film won the 1986 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film , and seven other AFI awards including Best Script and Best Director .

neg: Cecilia Parker Cecilia Parker ( April 26 , 1914 -- July 25 , 1993 ) was a Canadian-born American film actress .

neg: Mary Ellis Mary Ellis ( June 15 , 1897 -- January 30 , 2003 ) was an American star of the stage , as well as radio , television and film and opera singer , best known for her roles in the genre of musical theatre , particularly those of Ivor Novello . After appearing with the Metropolitan Opera beginning in 1918 , later appearing opposite Enrico Caruso , she acted on Broadway , creating the title role in Rose-Marie . In 1930 , she emigrated to England , where she gained additional fame and continued to perform into the 1990s . She was also well known for her film roles , including The 3 Worlds of Gulliver in 1960 .

neg: Red Wagon Red Wagon may refer to :   Red Wagon ( novel ) , a 1930 novel by the British writer Lady Eleanor Smith  Red Wagon ( film ) , a 1933 British film adaptation directed by Paul L. Stein

neg: Tom Parker (actor) Thomas Scott `` Tom '' Parker ( born July 23 , 1977 ) is an American actor .