query: Marlon Brando played Lloyd Gruver.

pos: Marlon Brando Marlon Brando , Jr. ( April 3 , 1924 -- July 1 , 2004 ) was an American actor , film director and political activist . He is credited with bringing realism to film acting . He helped to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting , studying with Stella Adler in the 1940s . Brando is widely known for his Academy Award-winning performances as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) and Vito Corleone in The Godfather ( 1972 ) , as well as his performances in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , Viva Zapata ! ( 1952 ) , Julius Caesar ( 1953 ) , The Wild One ( 1953 ) , Guys and Dolls ( 1955 ) , Sayonara ( 1957 ) , Reflections in a Golden Eye ( 1967 ) , Last Tango in Paris ( 1972 ) , and Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) . Brando was also an activist for many causes , notably the Civil Rights Movement and various Native American movements .   He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams ' play A Streetcar Named Desire , a role that he had originated successfully on Broadway . He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront , and his portrayal of the rebel motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture . Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata ! ; Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz 's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara ( 1957 ) , an adaption of James Michener 's 1954 novel . Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s , coming in at number 10 in 1954 , number 6 in 1955 , and number 4 in 1958 .   The 1960s proved to be a fallow decade for Brando . He directed and starred in the cult western film One-Eyed Jacks , a critical and commercial flop , after which he delivered a series of box-office failures , beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel Mutiny on the Bounty . After 10 years , during which he did not appear in a successful film , he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola 's The Godfather , a role critics consider among his greatest . The Godfather was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time . With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris , Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars , placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973 , respectively . Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in The Missouri Breaks ( 1976 ) . After this , he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles , such as in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) , before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures . According to the Guinness Book of World Records , Brando was paid a record $ 3.7 million ( $ million in inflation-adjusted dollars ) and 11.75 % of the gross profits for 13 days ' work on Superman . He finished out the 1970s with his controversial performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film , Apocalypse Now , a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s .   Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950 . He was one of only three professional actors , along with Charlie Chaplin and Marilyn Monroe , named in 1999 by Time magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century . He died of respiratory failure on July 1 , 2004 , at age 80 .

neg: Torin Thatcher Torin Thatcher ( 15 January 1905 -- 4 March 1981 ) was an English actor born in Bombay , British India , to English parents Torin James Blair Thatcher , a police officer , by his wife Edith Rachel , a voice and piano teacher , younger daughter of the Hon. Justice Sir Herbert Batty , a puisne judge of the High Court of Bombay . He was noted for his flashy portrayals of screen villains .   He was educated in Britain at Bedford School and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . He worked as a schoolmaster before first appearing on the London stage in 1927 and then entering British films in 1934 . He appeared in the 1937 Old Vic stage production of Hamlet , in which Laurence Olivier made his first appearance in the title role , opposite Vivien Leigh as Ophelia . During the Second World War , he served with the Royal Artillery and was demobilised with the rank of lieutenant colonel .   Thatcher appeared in classic British films of the late 1930s and 1940s , including Major Barbara ( 1941 ) and Great Expectations ( 1946 ) , in which he played Bentley Drummle . He moved to Hollywood in the 1950s . He was constantly in demand , invariably lending his looming figure and baleful countenance to sinister or stern roles in popular costume thrillers such as The Crimson Pirate ( 1952 ) , Blackbeard the Pirate ( 1952 ) , The Robe ( 1953 ) ( as the disapproving father of Marcellus ) , The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) , Helen of Troy ( 1956 ) , Darby 's Rangers ( 1958 ) and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad ( 1958 ) . He also appeared in the Marlon Brando and Trevor Howard 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty .   He returned to the stage quite frequently , notably on Broadway , in such esteemed productions as Edward , My Son ( 1948 ) , That Lady ( 1949 ) and Billy Budd ( 1951 ) . In 1959 , he portrayed Captain Keller in the award-winning play The Miracle Worker with Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke . All of these plays were filmed , but Thatcher did not appear in the film versions .   Also a steady fixture on television , he appeared in such made-for-TV films as adaptations of A.J. Cronin 's Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) and The Citadel ( 1960 ) , Bonanza ( 1961 ) , and Brenda Starr ( 1976 ) . He also played the title role in a Philco Television Playhouse version of Othello and acted in a CBS production of Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) . He appeared in programmes such as The Real McCoys , Thriller , Gunsmoke , Perry Mason , Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea , Daniel Boone and Mission : Impossible . He was cast as the sly space trader in an episode of Lost in Space . Thatcher , if not for his distinguished career , has become recognised by several generations of fans of Star Trek : The Original Series from his performance as Marplon , secretly a member of the resistance in the episode `` The Return of the Archons '' .   Thatcher died of cancer on 4 March 1981 , in Thousand Oaks , California , USA .

neg: Beau Bridges Lloyd Vernet `` Beau '' Bridges III ( born December 9 , 1941 ) is an American actor and director . He is a three-time Emmy , two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner . He is also a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee . Bridges was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 7 , 2003 at 7065 Hollywood Boulevard for his contributions to the television industry . He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges .

neg: Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor .   A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well .   Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released .   Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . ''   When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines :   Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear ,  Such even the nicest critics must allow  Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now .   Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher --   Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1  Brutus in Julius Caesar  Mosca in Volpone  Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant  Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife  Arbaces in A King and No King  Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy  Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy  Welford in The Scornful Lady  Don John in The Chances   -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden --   Marc Antony in All for Love  Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love  Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe  Celadon in The Maiden Queen  Wildblood in An Evening 's Love  Cortez in The Indian Emperour  Aurelian in The Assignation   -- and by other dramatists --   Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife  Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer  Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem  Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow  Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens  Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus  Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince .   In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .

neg: The Seven Descents of Myrtle The Seven Descents of Myrtle is a play by Tennessee Williams . It originally began as a short story , which Williams then turned into a one-act play , and then later revised it into the seven-act play that is accepted today . Its title character is reminiscent of another Williams ' heroine , Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire .   Originally titled Kingdom of Earth , the serio-comic play focuses on Lot , a tubercular neurotic youth who is an impotent transvestite overly attached to the memory of his late mother . He has returned to his ancestral home , a decaying house on the edge of a river on the verge of overflowing , with his new bride Myrtle , a sometime prostitute and former showgirl , the sole survivor of the Five Memphis Hot Shots . She dwells in a fantasy world of romantic illusions , one of which is to nurse Lot back to health so they can consummate their marriage , but soon discovers Lot only wants to use her to steal the deed to the property from his multiracial half-brother Chicken , who has lived on and farmed the property for years . Once he meets Myrtle , he gets some romantic designs of his own .   The Broadway production was produced by David Merrick and directed by José Quintero . After two previews , it opened on March 27 , 1968 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and closed after 29 performances . It starred Brian Bedford as Lot , Harry Guardino as Chicken , and Estelle Parsons as Myrtle . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play .   In 1970 , the play was adapted to a feature film and released under the title Last of the Mobile Hot Shots ( aka `` Blood Kin '' ) .   A 1975 production in London , at the Greenwood Theatre , starring Marianne Faithfull as Myrtle , was cancelled after just three performances when Ms Faithfull fell ill with peritonitis .   In 1976 , the play had its West Coast premiere at The Pasadena Repertory Theatre located in The Hotel Carver in Pasadena , California . It starred Marie Peckinpah as Myrtle , Duane Waddell as Chicken , and Ed Harris as Lot . It featured a remarkable three story , rain-drenched set by Howard Whalen . The play was presented under Williams ' original title `` Kingdom of Earth '' and ran for approximately 24 weekend performances over three months . It was directed by Gill Dennis , with executive producer Duane Waddell , and produced by Kevin Cloud Brechner .   In 1991 , the play was produced in the UK at the Redgrave Theatre , Farnham starring Kit Hollerbach as Myrtle , Stephen Hattersley as Chicken and Marc Warren as Lot in a production directed by Bill Bankes-Jones . Stephen Hattersley won Best Actor 1991 in the TMA Awards for his performance in this production .   In 2011 it was revived at the Print Room in Notting Hill , under its alternative title Kingdom of Earth , directed by Lucy Bailey .   In 2012 , Tom Hiddleston did a reading of the short story version for the series Stories Before Bedtime at the Criterion-Theatre in the United Kingdom . This short story is a more erotic version written in the first person from the perspective of Chicken .

neg: Prestige (film) Prestige is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Tay Garnett and written by Tay Garnett , Rollo Lloyd and Francis Edward Faragoh . The film stars Ann Harding , Adolphe Menjou , Melvyn Douglas and Guy Bates Post . The film was released on January 22 , 1932 , by RKO Pictures .

neg: Teen-Age Strangler Teen-Age Strangler is a 1964 crime drama film , made in Huntington , West Virginia . It exploits the popular concern with Juvenile delinquency of the American Cold War period . It was re-released in black & white in 1990 , resulting in local screenings , newspaper writeups , and cast reunions . It was featured on a Season 5 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 ( MST3K ) . Actor John Humphreys , who played the role of `` Mikey '' appeared at the MST3K first Conventio-Con in September , 1994 .

neg: The Hustler (film) The Hustler is a 1961 American drama film directed by Robert Rossen from Walter Tevis 's 1959 novel of the same name , adapted for the screen by Rossen and Sidney Carroll . It tells the story of small-time pool hustler `` Fast Eddie '' Felson and his desire to break into the `` major league '' of professional hustling and high-stakes wagering by high-rollers that follows it . He throws his raw talent and ambition up against the best player in the country ; seeking to best the legendary pool player `` Minnesota Fats . '' After initially losing to Fats and getting involved with unscrupulous manager Bert Gordon , Eddie returns to try again , but only after paying a terrible personal price .   The film was shot on location in New York City . It stars Paul Newman as `` Fast '' Eddie Felson , Jackie Gleason as Minnesota Fats , Piper Laurie as Sarah , and George C. Scott as Bert .   The Hustler was a major critical and popular success , gaining a reputation as a modern classic . Its exploration of winning , losing , and character garnered a number of major awards ; it is also credited with helping to spark a resurgence in the popularity of pool . Real-life pool player Rudolf Wanderone , known at the time as `` New York Fats '' and `` Chicago Fats '' , claimed to be the real life inspiration for Gleason 's character , Minnesota Fats , and adopted the name as his own .

neg: Oscar Wilde (play) The play Oscar Wilde , written by Leslie and Sewell Stokes , is based on the life of the Irish playwright Oscar Wilde in which Wilde 's friend , the controversial author and journalist Frank Harris , appears as a character . The play , which contains much of Wilde 's actual writings , starts with Wilde 's literary success and his friendship with Lord Alfred Douglas , turns into a courtroom melodrama , and ends with Wilde as a broken alcoholic after two years in prison .   Owing to the play 's subject matter it was never granted a licence by the Lord Chamberlain and could , therefore , only be staged in England at a theatre club where membership was required . The play 's first production at London 's Gate Theatre Studio in 1936 , starred Robert Morley as Wilde and was produced by Norman Marshall . Opening on 29 September , the play ran for six weeks and proved to be one of the theatre 's most successful productions .   Later in New York in 1938 , again with Morley in the title role , the play became a major award-winning success on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre where it opened on 10 October and ran for 247 performances . This success launched Robert Morley 's career as a stage actor on both sides of the Atlantic .   Coinciding with the Broadway production there was also a four-week revival in London at the Arts Theatre starring Francis L. Sullivan and produced by Ronald Adam , which opened on 25 October 1938 . The play was revived again at the Bolton 's Theatre Club , starring Frank Pettingell and directed by Leslie Stokes , in 1948 .   The film Oscar Wilde , based on the Stokes brothers ' play , was released in 1960 .

neg: Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks .   Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after .   After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run .   Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances .   Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .

neg: Rebel Without a Cause Rebel Without a Cause is a 1955 American drama film about emotionally confused suburban , middle-class teenagers filmed in CinemaScope . Directed by Nicholas Ray , it offered both social commentary and an alternative to previous films depicting delinquents in urban slum environments . The film stars James Dean , Sal Mineo and Natalie Wood .   The film was a groundbreaking attempt to portray the moral decay of American youth , critique parental style , and explore the differences and conflicts between generations . The title was adopted from psychiatrist Robert M. Lindner 's 1944 book , Rebel Without a Cause : The Hypnoanalysis of a Criminal Psychopath . The film itself , however , does not reference Lindner 's book in any way . Warner Bros. released the film on October 27 , 1955 .   Over the years , the film has achieved landmark status for the acting of cultural icon James Dean , fresh from his Oscar nominated role in East of Eden and who died before the film 's release , in his most celebrated role . This was the only film during Dean 's lifetime in which he received top billing . In 1990 , Rebel Without a Cause was added to the Library of Congress 's National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' .

neg: Will Smith Willard Carroll Smith Jr. ( born September 15 , 1968 ) is an American actor , producer , rapper , and songwriter . In April 2007 , Newsweek called him `` the most powerful actor in Hollywood '' . Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards , and has won four Grammy Awards .   In the late 1980s , Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince . In 1990 , his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular NBC television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , which ran for six seasons until 1996 . After the series ended , Smith transitioned from television to film , and has gone on to star in numerous blockbuster films . He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $ 100 million in the domestic box office , eleven consecutive films gross over $ 150 million internationally , and eight consecutive films in which he starred open at the number one spot in the domestic box office tally .   Smith has been ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes . As of 2014 , 17 of the 21 films in which he has had leading roles have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $ 100 million each , five taking in over $ 500 million each in global box office receipts . As of 2016 , his films have grossed $ 7.5 billion at the global box office . For his performances as boxer Muhammad Ali in Ali ( 2001 ) and stockbroker Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness ( 2006 ) , Smith received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor .

neg: Howard Freeman Howard Freeman ( December 9 , 1899 -- December 11 , 1967 ) was an American stage actor of the early 20th century , and film and television actor of the 1940s through the 1960s .   Freeman was born in Helena , Montana , and began working as a stage actor in his 20s . He did not enter the film industry until he was over 40 , in 1942 , when he played a small uncredited role in Inflation . Despite his late start in film acting , Freeman would build himself a fairly substantial career in that field that would last over twenty three years . From 1943 onward he worked on a regular basis , sometimes in uncredited roles , but more often than not in small but credited bit or supporting parts . He appeared in ten films in 1943 , and another eighteen from 1944 through 1945 . In 1946 Freeman would appear in twelve films , the most notable of which was his first film of that year , Abilene Town , starring Randolph Scott and Lloyd Bridges , and California , starring Barbara Stanwyck and Ray Milland .   From 1947 through 1950 Freeman appeared in twenty films , and in 1951 he began appearing on numerous television series , which would be his main acting roles for the remainder of his career , lasting into 1965 . He appeared in three episodes of Studio One , along with many other TV series , including Car 54 , Where Are You ? and Route 66 . He retired from film and television acting in 1965 , and settled into retirement in New York City , where he was living at the time of his death on December 11 , 1967 .

neg: Wilfredo (character) Wilfredo is a fictional comedy character portrayed by the British comedian Matt Roper .   The character is an obnoxious , deluded and uncouth satire of a romantic singer characterized in a Commedia dell ` arte style . Wilfredo has acquired a cult status , particularly among music festival audiences and on the alternative cabaret and comedy circuit in London . Roper has toured the character internationally , performing in Spain , Italy , the Czech Republic , Germany , Hungary , Slovakia , South Africa , Australia and Argentina .

neg: Luv (play) Luv is a play by Murray Schisgal .   A mix of absurdist humor and traditional Broadway comedy in the Neil Simon vein , Luv concerns two college friends - misfit Harry and materialistic Milt - who are reunited when the latter stops the former from jumping off a bridge , the play 's setting . Each discovers the other is equally miserable as they share hard-luck stories . Milt sees in Harry an answer to his primary problem - his wife Ellen , who he tries to foist on his old pal so he can run off with his mistress .   After twenty-eight previews , the Broadway production , directed by Mike Nichols , opened on November 11 , 1964 at the Booth Theatre . It transferred to the Broadhurst and then the now-demolished Helen Hayes before completing its run of 901 performances . It won the Tony Award for Best Director , Best Producer ( Claire Nichtern ) and Best Scenic Design ( Oliver Smith ) .   Alan Arkin , Eli Wallach , and Anne Jackson comprised the original cast . Barbara Bel Geddes , Larry Blyden , Gene Wilder , and Gabriel Dell were among the replacement performers later in the run .   The 1967 film version , directed by Clive Donner and starring Jack Lemmon , Peter Falk , and Elaine May , added various locations and extraneous characters . Reviews criticized Donner 's heavy-handed approach to the material and the miscasting of the three leads , and it proved to be a commercial failure . Harrison Ford has an uncredited role as a hippie .

neg: The Legend of Valentino The Legend of Valentino is a 1975 American television film written and directed by Melville Shavelson . It deals with real life events about the actor and sex symbol of the 1920s Rudolph Valentino .   It was broadcast by ABC on November 23 , 1975 .

neg: The Americano (1916 film) The Americano is a 1916 American silent adventure/romantic comedy film directed by John Emerson and stars Douglas Fairbanks in his last production for Triangle Film Corporation . Based on the novel Blaze Derringer , by Eugene P. Lyle , Jr. , the scenario was written by John Emerson and Anita Loos who also wrote the film 's intertitles . The film was re-released by S.A. Lynch Enterprises on August 21 , 1923 . Three 16mm prints and one 8mm print of the film still exists . Set in a fictional South American country of Paragonia , it has been described as one of a group of films that supported United States imperialism by providing support to the idea of manifest destiny .

neg: Jerry Van Dyke Jerry Van Dyke ( born July 27 , 1931 ) is an American comedian and actor , the younger brother of Dick Van Dyke .   He made his TV acting debut on The Dick Van Dyke Show with several guest appearances as Rob Petrie 's brother , Stacey . Later in his career from 1989 to 1997 , he portrayed Luther Van Dam on Craig T. Nelson 's ABC sitcom Coach .

neg: Ten Wanted Men Ten Wanted Men is a 1955 Technicolor Western film from Columbia Pictures directed by H. Bruce Humberstone . It stars Randolph Scott , Jocelyn Brando , Richard Boone and Alfonso Bedoya .

neg: The Big Shot The Big Shot ( 1942 ) is an American film noir crime drama film starring Humphrey Bogart as a crime boss and Irene Manning as the woman he falls in love with . This was the last film in which former supporting player Bogart , who had finally reached stardom with High Sierra ( 1940 ) and The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , would portray a gangster .   One of Bogart 's lesser-known works , it was released on DVD for the first time by Warner Archive early in 2015 .

neg: Stonewall (2015 film) Stonewall is a 2015 American drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by Jon Robin Baitz . The film stars Jeremy Irvine , Ron Perlman , Jonathan Rhys Meyers , Joey King , Caleb Landry Jones , Matt Craven , Atticus Mitchell , and Mark Camacho . The film was released on September 25 , 2015 , by Roadside Attractions .   The drama is set in and around the 1969 Stonewall riots , the violent clash with police that kicked off the gay liberation movement in New York City .


query: James McAvoy is a person who acts.

pos: James McAvoy James McAvoy ( -LSB- ˈmækəvɔɪ -RSB- born 21 April 1979 ) is a Scottish actor . He made his acting début as a teen in 1995 's The Near Room and continued to make mostly television appearances until 2003 , when his feature film career began and he continued to work in both areas from then on . His notable television work includes the drama show State of Play , the adult comedy-drama Shameless , and the science fiction show Frank Herbert 's Children of Dune .   Besides screen acting , McAvoy has performed in several West End productions , receiving three nominations for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor . He has also done voice work for animated films including Gnomeo & Juliet and Arthur Christmas ( both 2011 ) .   In 2003 , McAvoy appeared in a lead role in Bollywood Queen , a British Indian take on the Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet , directed by Jeremy Wooding . This was followed by a supporting role , the faun Mr. Tumnus , in The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe ( 2005 ) . His performance in Kevin Macdonald 's drama The Last King of Scotland ( 2006 ) garnered him several award nominations . The critically acclaimed romantic drama war film Atonement ( 2007 ) earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination and his second BAFTA nomination . He appeared opposite Angelina Jolie as a newly trained assassin in the action thriller Wanted ( 2008 ) .   Since then , he is known for playing the young Professor Charles Xavier in the 2011 superhero film X-Men : First Class , a role he reprised in X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) , and X-Men : Apocalypse ( 2016 ) . McAvoy starred in the 2013 crime comedy-drama film Filth for which he won Best Actor in the British Independent Film Awards . In 2016 , he portrayed Kevin , a man with 23 personalities in his body , in M. Night Shyamalan 's Split , for which he received critical acclaim .

neg: James Byng James Byng ( born 1985 ) is an English actor and vocalist . Acting since the age of ten , James made his West End debut in the title role of Oliver ! at the London Palladium . He played the same role in the national tour of Oliver ! and at the Royal Charity Gala Hey ! Mr. Producer , honoring theatrical producer Cameron Mackintosh at the Lyceum Theatre on 8 June 1998 . Byng also played Gavroche in Les Misérables at the Palace Theatre . From 2007 to 2008 he was seen on stage at the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane , first playing various ensemble roles and then taking over the part of Frodo Baggins in Matthew Warchus ' theatrical adaption of The Lord of the Rings . In 2008-09 Byng appeared in the role of John Darling in the musical Peter Pan at the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds . He just finished a tour with the West Yorkshire Playhouse production of The History Boys by Alan Bennet , in which he played Posner . From September until November 2010 Byng was on tour with a production of Carrie 's War in the role of Nick Willow . After performing in Secret Cinema - Back to the Future he can currently be seen in The Grimm Tales at The Bargehouse at Oxo Tower Wharf .   Byng 's television and film work includes the role of George Hawthorne in the 2002 television adaptation of Goodbye Mr. Chips , starring Martin Clunes which aired both in Great Britain and in the United States . In this made-for-television film he appeared as James Malcolm . He also played wayward American Montague Bear in the independent film Rupert Brockstein 's Blood Red Letters .   James has also been seen and heard as host and resident jazz vocalist at the Starlight Theatre , Manchester , and the Grove Inn Jazz Club in Leeds .

neg: Jake D'Arcy Jake D'Arcy , ( born John Sinclair , 2 December 1945 -- 30 May 2015 ) was a Scottish actor , most recently known for playing `` Peter McCormack '' or `` Pete the Jakey '' in the Scottish comedy program Still Game from 2002 until 2007 , a role he reprised in 2014 for the live show at the SSE Hydro .

neg: Jim Gerald James Gerald ( 1 January 1891 -- 1971 ) was an Australia comedian , circus clown , acrobat , writer , director and troupe leader and filmmaker . He is generally regarded as one of the four leading post-World War I comedians to work the Australasian variety circuits , the others being Nat Phillips , Roy Rene , and George Wallace .   Born at Darlington , Sydney , Gerald was the seventh son of Stephen Australia Fitzgerald , a tailor turned actor , and his wife Mary Ann , née Ingram . In his youth Jim played truant from school to watch acrobats practising on the sandhills behind Centennial Park , learned to tumble and haunted his uncles ' circus . Three of his brothers also went on the stage using the names ` Max Clifton ' , ` Lance Vane ' and ` Cliff Stevens ' . In 1898 his father apprenticed him to Oscar Pagel 's Circus . He subsequently travelled the world , including South Africa , Africa , the Far East and North America for around ten years .   Back in Australia by 1908 , Gerald found employment with several circuses ; and as ` Diabolo ' was billed as the first man to loop the loop on a motorcycle . In 1910 he and two of his brothers , Lance Vane and Max Clifton , appeared in The Life and Adventures of John Vane , the Notorious Australian Bushranger . That film , also directed by his father , is now viewed as a significant landmark in Australian cinema history , being the first recorded involvement in narrative film production by Charles Cozens Spencer ( a leading figure in the early Australian film industry ) .   Gerald 's `` move into variety entertainment began in 1912 when he toured with his father 's All Stars drama and vaudeville company as both comedian and acrobat . Although he soon afterwards signed with the Fullers ' Theatres vaudeville circuit Gerald was immediately leased to Stanley McKay for his touring pantomime company , and over the next five to six years appeared throughout Australia and New Zealand as a specialist pantomime dame Within a year of joining McKay 's company Gerald married Esther Patience Futcher , a 27-year-old actress known as ` Essie Jennings ' . The ceremony took place on 21 July 1913 at St Peter 's Anglican Church , Wellington , New Zealand , \ . The two latter formed a highly popular knockabout comedy sketch act , appearing in sketches such as the `` The Actress and the Paperhanger '' and `` The new Recruit . ''   Fitzgerald enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 5 May 1916 and served in Mesopotamia as a driver with the 1st Australian and New Zealand Wireless Signal Squadron . Discharged on 12 October 1918 , he returned to the Fullers ' circuit and was soon asked by ( Sir ) Benjamin Fuller to write and produce his own revue sketches . He had seen the funny side of soldiering in Mesopotamia and his act , ` The New Recruit ' , remained popular for years . Unlike his contemporaries Roy Rene and George Wallace , Gerald was ` unashamedly international ' in his work . Almost every Christmas he played the dame in pantomimes . He made some thirty silent films in the United States of America in 1928 , and was influenced by Charlie Chaplin whom he greatly admired .   When the Fullers folded in 1933 , Gerald continued to play six-month seasons in Sydney and Melbourne under various managements . In 1935-36 he appeared in several revues at the Garrick Theatre , London , including Do n't Spare the Horses . Returning to Sydney , in May 1936 he featured in Shout for Joy . One critic wrote that he ` can not particularly sing nor does he know much about dancing , but he is undoubtedly a master of patter , of quick , well-timed delivery and retort ' . Gerald signed a contract with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in February 1939 ; he starred in ` Jim and Jitters ' with Jim Davidson 's A.B.C. Dance Band and conducted the Saturday ` After-Dinner Show ' . Next year he formed his own radio-production company .   On 10 April 1941 Gerald was appointed honorary lieutenant colonel in the A.I.F. Placed in charge of the Entertainment Unit , he embarked for the Middle East on 1 September in the Queen Elizabeth . A shrewd organizer and an experienced producer , he gathered Davidson and his band , comedians , singers , jugglers , acrobats and trick cyclists , as well as backstage technicians , ` among them costume designers , seamstresses and electricians ' . At his headquarters at Tel Aviv , Palestine , he recruited a female chorus line . The first performance at Gaza of All in Fun was ` received with rapturous applause ' .   Home again in October 1942 , Gerald transferred to the retired list on 31 December . He joined the Tivoli circuit and appeared in the revue , Stripped for Action ( 1943 ) . In 1951 he played the happy roué in Ladies ' Night in a Turkish Bath . He shared top billing with Wallace in Thanks for the Memory , at the Princess Theatre , Melbourne , in 1953 and toured for three years in that revue . He was ` as uproariously funny as ever though not as spry ' in The Good Old Days ( Sydney , 1957 ) . Next year he retired to St Kilda , Melbourne . Gerald enjoyed watching any kind of sport , but his passion was for motoring : he owned a succession of cars which he drove across America , through Europe , the Middle East and Britain , and all over Australia . After Essie 's death in 1969 , he moved into a home at Rosebud . He died there on 2 March 1971 and was cremated . ` Jim Gerald was probably best remembered for his versatility -- as a big-eared oaf in baggy pants and shapeless hat , as a seemingly rubber-boned and pathetically droll clown and as Australia 's greatest pantomime dame . '

neg: Macready Macready is a surname . Notable people with the surname include :   Carol MacReady , English actress  Edward Nevil Macready , ( 1798-1848 ) , British Army officer  George Macready ( 1899 -- 1973 ) , American screen actor  Gordon Macready ( 1891 -- 1956 ) , British Army officer  Nevil Macready ( 1862 -- 1946 ) , British Army officer  John Macready ( born 1975 ) , American gymnast and motivational speaker  John A. Macready ( 1887-1979 ) , American aviator  William Macready ( 1793 -- 1873 ) , English actor  William Macready the elder ( 1755 -- 1829 ) , Irish actor-manager  Paul MacCready ( 1925-2007 ) , American aeronautical engineer

neg: Wickey McAvoy James Eugene `` Wickey '' McAvoy ( October 20 , 1894 -- July 6 , 1973 ) was an American professional baseball player . He played part or all of six seasons in Major League Baseball between 1913 and 1919 for the Philadelphia Athletics , primarily as a catcher . After his major league career , he continued to play minor league baseball until 1928 .

neg: James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .

neg: The Last King of Scotland (film) The Last King of Scotland is a 2006 British historical drama film based on Giles Foden 's novel The Last King of Scotland ( 1998 ) , adapted by screenwriters Peter Morgan and Jeremy Brock , and directed by Kevin Macdonald . The film was a co-production between companies from the United Kingdom and the United States , including Fox Searchlight Pictures and Film4 , and was a financial success .   The film tells the fictional story of Nicholas Garrigan ( James McAvoy ) , a young Scottish doctor who travels to Uganda and becomes the personal physician of President Idi Amin ( Forest Whitaker ) . The film is based on events of Amin 's rule , and the title comes from a reporter in a press conference who wishes to verify whether Amin , who was known to adopt fanciful imperial titles for himself , declared himself the King of Scotland .   The film received widespread critical acclaim . Particular focus went to Whitaker , who received outstanding critical acclaim for his portrayal of Amin . He won Best Actor at the Academy Awards , among others .

neg: James Marvel James Marvel is a stage director known for traditional and avant-garde stagings of operatic productions . Marvel was born and raised in New Orleans and received a B.A. in World Literature from Sarah Lawrence College and Oxford University , and an M.F.A. in Theatre Arts from the International Actor Training Academy . He also studied at Charles University in Prague , Czech Republic .   Marvel 's 2005 production of Igor Stravinsky 's The Rake 's Progress was deemed `` breathtakingly beautiful '' with `` stage tableaux that were both kinetic and visually striking '' by the San Francisco Chronicle . In November 2008 , Marvel made his Lincoln Center debut , directing a trilogy of one-act operas by Modest Mussorgsky , Ernst Krenek and Dmitri Shostakovich at the Juilliard School .   Credits in the United States include shows at Florence Gould Hall in New York City ; The Kimmel Center of Philadelphia ; The Huntington Theatre of Boston ; The Yerba Buena Center in San Francisco ; and the Bing Theatre in Los Angeles . Marvel 's international work has taken him to the 5th International Theatre Festival in Budapest , Hungary ; the Istropolitana Theatre Festival in Bratislava , Slovakia ; the Viola Stage in Prague , Czech Republic ; Teatr Wielki in Lodz , Poland ; the Edinburgh Festival in Scotland ; and the Wadham Theatre and Burton-Taylor Theatre in Oxford , England .   Outside his work in opera , Marvel has played violin in numerous orchestras ; composed original music for professional theatre productions ; danced in pieces choreographed by members of the Martha Graham company ; and published critical and creative works in a variety of international journals .

neg: James McLaughlin (American actor) James McLaughlin , also James W. MacLaughlin an J.W. McLaughlin was an American film actor and director .

neg: John James Uy John James Uy is a Filipino/Chinese actor , artist , host and model .

neg: Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 .   In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War .   In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .

neg: The Scottish Play The Scottish Play and The Bard 's Play are euphemisms for William Shakespeare 's Macbeth . The first is a reference to the play 's Scottish setting , the second a reference to Shakespeare 's popular nickname . According to a theatrical superstition , called the Scottish curse , speaking the name Macbeth inside a theatre will cause disaster . A variation of the superstition also forbids quoting it within a theatre except as part of an actual rehearsal or performance of the play .   Because of this superstition , the lead character is most often referred to as the Scottish King or Scottish Lord . Lady Macbeth is often referred to as the Scottish Lady . Sometimes Mackers or MacB is used to avoid saying the name .

neg: John D Ruddy John D Ruddy is an Irish actor and artist .

neg: Alphonso McAuley Alphonso McAuley ( born April 21 , 1984 ) is an American actor and a Viner with over 2.2 million followers . McAuley plays Cassius Sparks on Fox 's comedy television series Breaking In .   McAuley played Bucky in the Fat Albert movie . He also played Orsten Artis in the 2006 film Glory Road , based on the true story of the Texas Western Miners , and Walt in the film Pride . He went on to co-star with Tatyana Ali in the sitcom Love That Girl ! . He also voiced the rooster Drake in The Lion of Judah . He is featured in the music video for Miracle by Matisyahu .

neg: James McElroy James `` Jimmy Mac '' McElroy ( 1945 - 2011 ) was an Irish American mobster and racketeer from Manhattan , New York who was an enforcer for The Westies , a criminal organization that operated out of Hell 's Kitchen .

neg: Jimmy Mac Jimmy Mac or Jimmy Mack may refer to :   Jimmy Mac , British crime figure . Unknown identity .  Jimmy Mac ( actor ) , British actor  Jimmy Mack , a 1967 song by Martha and the Vandellas  Jimmy Mack ( broadcaster ) , Scottish television and radio presenter  Jimmy McMillan , American political activist  James McNair , the comedian `` Uncle Jimmy Mack ''

neg: John McAulay John McAulay , ( 27 December 1888 -- 14 January 1956 ) was a Scottish policeman , soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .

neg: Manikuttan Thomas James , better known by his stage name Manikuttan , is an Indian film and television actor .

neg: Duet Acting Duet Acting ( often shortened to `` Duet '' or abbreviated as `` DA '' in tournament schedules and results ) is an event in competitive high school forensics . Similar to Duo Interpretation , Duet Acting varies in two major respects : first , Duet is not an official National Forensic League event although some state organizations , such as the Texas Forensic Association , the Louisiana High School Speech League , and ( formerly ) the Ohio High School Speech League practice the event . Secondly , unlike Duo , in which the actors are not permitted to make eye contact with each other or touch each other , Duet incorporates an element of acting . Cuttings must be made from scripts .   Duet Acting involves two people , two chairs , and ( in some jurisdictions ) a table ; the furniture is supplied in each room of competition . Time limits vary , but generally each acting pair performs an eight - to twelve-minute scene , typically using only two characters . Occasionally the performers change roles , but can only play one character per scene in the manner of dramatic or humorous interpretation . The pieces may be either serious or funny , and the extensive use of movement is permitted ( i.e. , interaction between both characters , as well as with the table and chairs ) . Duet Acting has been removed from the Ohio High School Speech League .   Category : Debating

neg: James Smillie James Smillie is a British and Australian actor known for his roles in stage and television productions and voice over . Smillie was born in Scotland and emigrated from the Glasgow tenements , carving out a career in Australia before returning to the United Kingdom to appear in stage roles in London 's West End . On television , he is probably best known internationally for his role as Dr. Dan Marshall in the lavish 1980s Australian soap opera Return to Eden .


query: Popeye is a 1980 Spanish drama film.

pos: Popeye (film) Popeye is a 1980 American musical comedy film directed by Robert Altman . It is a live-action film adaptation of E. C. Segar 's Popeye comic strip and stars Robin Williams as Popeye the Sailor Man and Shelley Duvall as Olive Oyl .   The film premiered on December 6 , 1980 in Los Angeles , California , to mixed reviews and disappointing box office results . Harry Nilsson 's soundtrack received mostly positive reviews .

neg: The Boogeyman (1980 film) The Boogeyman ( released in the United Kingdom as The Bogey Man ) is a 1980 American supernatural horror film directed by Ulli Lommel and starring Suzanna Love , John Carradine , and Ron James . The movie 's title refers to the long-held superstition of boogeymen beings , and its plot concerns an adult brother and sister who are targeted by the ghost of their mother 's deceased boyfriend which has been freed from an imprisoned mirror .   The film has received mixed to negative critical reviews , with criticism mainly regarding the heavy similarities from earlier horror films such as Halloween , The Exorcist , and The Amityville Horror . However , the movie became successful enough commercially to make the film-makers eager to release sequels , resulting in the film being followed by Boogeyman II and Return of the Boogeyman .

neg: La Fidelidad La Fidelidad is a 1970 Argentine comedy film drama directed by and written by Juan José Jusid .

neg: My Name Is Juani My Name Is Juani ( Yo soy la Juani ) is a 2006 Spanish drama film written and directed by Bigas Luna .

neg: Paddy Chayefsky Sidney Aaron `` Paddy '' Chayefsky ( January 29 , 1923 -- August 1 , 1981 ) was an American playwright , screenwriter and novelist . He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay ( the other three-time winners , Francis Ford Coppola , Charles Brackett , Woody Allen and Billy Wilder , have all shared their awards with co-writers ) .   He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television . His intimate , realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s , and he was regarded as the central figure in the `` kitchen sink realism '' movement of American television . Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky `` was a successful writer , the most successful graduate of television 's slice of life school of naturalism . ''   Following his critically acclaimed teleplays , Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist . As a screenwriter , he received three Academy Awards for Marty ( 1955 ) , The Hospital ( 1971 ) and Network ( 1976 ) . The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love . Network was his scathing satire of the television industry and The Hospital was also satiric . Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital `` years ahead of its time . -LSB- ... -RSB- Few films capture the disaster of America 's self-destructive idealism so well . '' His screenplay for Network is often regarded as his masterpiece , and has been hailed as `` the kind of literate , darkly funny and breathtakingly prescient material that prompts many to claim it as the greatest screenplay of the 20th century . ''   Chayefsky 's early stories were frequently influenced by the author 's childhood in The Bronx . Chayefsky was part of the inaugural class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ' Television Hall of Fame . He received this honor three years after his death , in 1984 .

neg: Lucrèce Borgia Lucrèce Borgia ( also known as Lucretia Borgia or Sins of the Borgias ) is a 1953 French drama film starring Martine Carol and Pedro Armendáriz . The film was directed by Christian-Jaque , who co-wrote screenplay with Cécil Saint-Laurent and Jacques Sigurd , based on a novel by Alfred Schirokauer . The film tells the story of the Borgia family of Italy during the Renaissance .   It was released on DVD in the US on May 26 , 2009 .

neg: A King and His Movie A King and His Movie ( La película del rey ) is a 1986 Argentine comedy drama film , directed by Carlos Sorín , and written by Sorín and Jorge Goldenberg . The movie features Ulises Dumont and Julio Chávez , among others .

neg: Persecution in Madrid Persecution in Madrid ( Spanish : Persecución en Madrid ) is a 1952 Spanish crime film directed by Enrique Gómez .

neg: Simón Bolívar (1969 film) Simón Bolívar is a 1969 Spanish drama film directed by Alessandro Blasetti . It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival .

neg: Pafnucio Santo Pafnucio Santo is a 1977 Mexican drama film directed by Rafael Corkidi . The film was selected as the Mexican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 50th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .

neg: Popeye Theater with Mister Mac The Popeye Theater with Mister Mac was a local children 's television show that aired on Cleveland 's WKYC-TV from 1968 through 1971 . The program was hosted by a character named Aloysius T. MacGillicuddy ( or Mister Mac ) , played by Cleveland actor Leif Ancker . Mr. Mac lived in a tree and served as the `` Commissioner of the Bureau of Elves , Leprechauns and Little People '' in the `` Department of Utter Confusion . '' Popeye cartoons were interspersed with comedy sketches featuring Mr. Mac and his upstairs neighbor , Clyde Moose . The program won a regional Emmy award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ' Lower Great Lakes Chapter in 1971 .

neg: Popeye protein conserved region Popeye protein conserved region is a family of evolutionarily related proteins .   The Popeye ( POP ) family of proteins , is restricted to vertebrates and is preferentially expressed in developing and adult striated muscle . It is represented by a conserved region which includes three potential transmembrane domains . The strong conservation of POP genes during evolution and their preferential expression in heart and skeletal muscle suggest that these novel proteins may have an important function in these tissues in vertebrates .

neg: The Pumaman The Pumaman ( L'uomo puma ) is a 1980 Italian superhero film co-written and directed by Alberto De Martino , starring Walter George Alton as the Pumaman and Donald Pleasence as the villain . It was featured in a 1998 episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 .

neg: French Connection II French Connection II is a 1975 crime drama film starring Gene Hackman and directed by John Frankenheimer . It is a fictional sequel to the initially true story of the 1971 Academy Award winning picture The French Connection . The film expands on the central character of Det. Jimmy `` Popeye '' Doyle who travels to Marseille , France where he is attempting to track down French drug-dealer Alain Charnier , who got away at the end of the first film . Hackman won an Academy Award for Best Actor for the original The French Connection and he and Fernando Rey are the only returning cast members .

neg: Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women .   After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' .   Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music .   Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .

neg: Hipólito, el de Santa Hipólito , el de Santa ( `` Hippolytis the Saint '' ) is a 1950 Mexican film . It was directed by  Fernando de Fuentes and written by Luis Alcoriza .

neg: La piovra La Piovra ( -LSB- la ˈpjɔːvra -RSB- ; The Octopus , referring to `` The Mafia '' ) is an Italian television drama miniseries about the Mafia .   The story was by Sandro Petraglia . The production was designed by Luigi Perelli . The soundtrack was by Riz Ortolani and later by Ennio Morricone , who went on to compose music for several sequels .   All 10 series have been released in Australia on DVD by Aztec International Entertainment , with English subtitles , having been originally aired on the Special Broadcasting Service television channel . It was also broadcast on MHz Networks in the United States . The first three series were shown in the UK on Channel 4 .   The TV drama was successful in the USSR , where it appeared on state TV in 1986 in Albania , in Romania , and in Bulgaria , where is appeared in the end of the 1980s ( in its seventh season , the show featured Bulgarian actor Stefan Danailov ) .

neg: Harold Hamgravy Harold Hamgravy , better known as Ham Gravy , is an American comics character from the Thimble Theatre ( later Popeye ) series , created in 1919 by Elzie Segar .   Hamgravy was the original fiancé of the better-known character Olive Oyl , but was often attracted to other women who were considerably wealthy . Hamgravy was depicted as a slacker who preferred getting rich quick rather than earning money honestly .   In a later strip , Hamgravy hired a sailor named Popeye to man his ship for a treasure hunt . Intended as a minor supporting character , Popeye proved so popular with readers that he was made a permanent member of the main cast . As time passed , Hamgravy was replaced by Popeye as the prize for Olive 's affections . Hamgravy made occasional appearances in the later Popeye strips , but never had the fame he once held .   Hamgravy makes a supporting appearance in the 1980 film , Popeye , where Olive has recently left Hamgravy and has since begun dating Bluto at the film 's opening . He was played by Bill Irwin .

neg: Caboblanco Caboblanco ( 1980 ) is an American drama film directed by J. Lee Thompson , starring Charles Bronson , Dominique Sanda and Jason Robards . The film has often been described as a remake of Casablanca .   The movie marks the third collaboration between Bronson and director J. Lee Thompson ( following 1976 's St. Ives and 1977 's The White Buffalo ) .

neg: The Iron Hand of the Mafia The Iron Hand of the Mafia ( Mafia , una legge che non perdona ) is a 1980 Italian film directed by Roberto Girometti .

neg: Padre nuestro (1985 film) Padre nuestro is a 1985 Spanish drama film directed by Francisco Regueiro . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival .


query: Azerbaijan does not have an official religion.

pos: Azerbaijan Azerbaijan ( -LSB- æzərbaɪˈʒɑːn -RSB- ; Azərbaycan ) , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ( Azərbaycan Respublikası ) , is a country in the South Caucasus region , situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe . It is bound by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bound by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , while having an 11 km border with Turkey in the north west .   The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first democratic state in the Muslim orient world . The country was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920 as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , prior to the official dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh , found through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE .   Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . The country is a member state of the Council of Europe , the OSCE and the NATO Partnership for Peace ( PfP ) program . It is one of six independent Turkic states , an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations . It is one of the founding members of GUAM , the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons . A member of the United Nations since 1992 after its independence , Azerbaijan was elected to membership in the newly established Human Rights Council by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 May 2006 . Its term of office began on 19 June 2006 . Azerbaijan is also a member state of the Non-Aligned Movement , holds observer status in World Trade Organization and is a correspondent at the International Telecommunication Union .   The Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist . However , the majority of the population are of a Shiite Muslim background . Most Azerbaijanis however , do not actively practice any religion , and the country has been seen to be one of the most irreligious countries in the Muslim world , with 53 % stating religion has little to no importance in their lives , according to Pew Research Center and Gallup polls . Azerbaijan has a high level of human development which ranks on par with most Eastern European countries . It has a high rate of economic development and literacy , as well as a low rate of unemployment . According to the Davos World Economic Forum , Azerbaijan 's economy has scored 37th place within 138 countries in 2016 . Global Competitiveness Index 2015 indicates that Azerbaijan scores highest in its region .   ASAN services , established with Presidential Decree , are countrywide known for eliminating bribery and corruption in the provision of public services . ASAN Service has been awarded with United Nations ' Public Service Award 2015 , which is the most prestigious award in the world in the field of public service delivery .   The ruling party , the New Azerbaijan Party , has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights abuses .

neg: Albanopolis, Armenia Albanopolis was a city , probably in the Caucasus , famed in Christian myth as being the place at which the apostle Bartholomew was crucified .   In Lives of the Saints , 18th-century hagiographer Alban Butler says The popular traditions concerning St Bartholomew are summed up in the Roman Martyrology , which says he `` preached the gospel of Christ in India ; thence he went into Greater Armenia , and when he had converted many people there to the faith he was flayed alive by the barbarians , and by command of King Astyages fulfilled his martyrdom '' . However , Butler himself cautions about taking the geographical clues too literally . He points out that `` India '' was a name applied indifferently by Greek and Latin writers to Arabia , Ethiopia , Libya , Parthia , Persia and the lands of the Medes . Similarly the term Greater Armenia was used rather loosely by medieval writers to denote almost anywhere in the region between Eastern Anatolia , the Black Sea and the Caspian .   Nonetheless , at least three locations have been proposed as possible sites of Albanopolis : Derbend in Dagestan , Albyrak/Albac near Başkale in the then Armenian region of what is now eastern Turkey , and Baku , Azerbaijan . The latter has a certain ring of truth given that the area of today 's Azerbaijan was historically known as Albania but no conclusive evidence has been found of any such theory . Butler is also sceptical of the Albyrak suggestion stating while the assertion that Batholomew preached and died in Armenia is possible , and is a unanimous tradition among the later historians of that country ; ... earlier Armenian writers make little or no reference to him as connected with their nation . Thus although a very holy Armenian Monastery guarded what was believed to be Bartholomew 's tomb on the site , this was probably a later idea .

neg: Irreligion in Bulgaria According to the Bulgarian census of 2011 , 31.1 % of the total population either pointed out `` none religion '' or remained unspecified .

neg: Rahmanism Raḥmānism ( from Old South Arabian rḥmn-n `` the Merciful '' ) ( Ar : الرحمن ) ( Musnad : ð © § ð © cents ð © # ð © ¬ ) refers to one or more monotheistic religions which ousted the polytheistic Old South Arabian religion from the 4th century AD . Since the sole indication of Raḥmānism is the mention of a monotheistic God , it is difficult to establish whether Raḥmānism is an homogenous religion or whether it can be identified with another monotheist  From the second half of the fourth century the `` Merciful '' ( Old South Arabian rḥmn-n , where the - n is the definite article ) and `` the Lord of Heaven and Earth '' are increasingly invoked . A number of inscriptions as well as archaeological synagogues show that Judaism had played an important role in South Arabia since the 4th Century , but it is not clear whether all the Raḥmānist inscriptions of this time should be construed as Jewish ; at the same time it is conceivable that Raḥmānism also involved an autochthonous monotheistic religion in its own right . Distinct references to Christians in South Arabia are found at the beginning of the 6th century when a Christian community in the city of Najrān fell victim to a pogrom initiated by the Jewish king Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar . Some consider this event politically motivated while others claim it to be the result of religious zeal . The slaughter is probably that which is alluded to in the Quranic reference to the ` People of the Ditch ( Aṣḥābu Ukhdūd ) , which describes a group of people being thrust into a ditch of fire because of their faith . Apart from being the word for ` ditch ' Ukhdūd is also the name of a place just south-west of modern Najrān . As a result of this massacre the Christian Aksumite Kingdom marched into South Arabia and enforced Christianity as the official religion , which was then supplanted by Islam in 632 . Christian communities are documented right up till the 13th century in Najrān and till the 16th century in Soqotra . Christian communities are documented ; Jewish communities persist until today .

neg: Etiquette in the Middle East Many matters of etiquette in the Middle East are connected to Islam as it is written in the Qur ` an and how it has been traditionally understood and practiced throughout the centuries . Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab , and described as `` refinement , good manners , morals , ethics , decorum , decency , humaneness and righteousness '' .   As such , many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world . This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries outside Middle East .   The Middle East is home to many people who follow faiths besides Islam . Most notable among them are the churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity , Copts and other adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy , Maronites , Melkites other Catholics of the Eastern Rites as well as the Roman Rite , Zoroastrians , Bahá ' ís , and various Jewish denominations .   In many cases , however , Muslims and non-Muslims in the Middle East will share characteristics , whether it is the prohibition against pork ordained by both Islamic and Jewish dietary restrictions , a preference for the beverage widely known elsewhere as `` Turkish coffee '' , or knowledge of how to conduct business in a crowded souk without being cheated . It is a place where people with different beliefs often share the same traditions .

neg: Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union Throughout the history of the Soviet Union ( 1922 -- 1991 ) , there were periods where Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on State interests . Soviet Marxist-Leninism policy consistently advocated the control , suppression , and ultimately , the elimination of religious beliefs , and actively encouraged atheism in the Soviet Union . Most religions were never outlawed .   The state advocated the destruction of religion , and it officially pronounced religious beliefs to be superstitious and backward . The Communist Party destroyed churches , mosques and temples , ridiculed , harassed , incarcerated and executed religious leaders , flooded the schools and media with anti-religious teachings , and it introduced a belief system called `` scientific atheism , '' with its own rituals , promises and proselytizers . In 1925 the government founded the League of Militant Atheists to intensify the persecution . The total number of Christian victims under the Soviet regime has been estimated to range between 12-20 million .   Religious beliefs and practices persisted among the majority of the population , in the domestic and private spheres but also in the scattered public spaces allowed by a state that recognized its failure to eradicate religion and the political dangers of an unrelenting culture war .

neg: Ordubad Ordubad ( also , Ordoubat and Ordubat ) , is the second largest town and a municipality of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan and is one of its three regions . It is the capital of the Ordubad rayon . Ordubad declared a medieval city of the Caucasus in its current capacity of a town was founded in the 18th century . The town is divided into five districts of the Ambaras , the Kurdtatal , the Mingis , the Sar sheher , and the Uch . Ordubad is known as the `` pearl '' of Nakhchevan province and is well known for its exports of fruits and spices , and for its cuisine .

neg: Caucasus The Caucasus -LSB- ˈkɔ : kəsəs -RSB- or Caucasia -LSB- kɔ : ˈkeɪʒə -RSB- is a region at the border of Europe and Asia , situated between the Black and the Caspian seas .   It is home to the Caucasus Mountains , which contain Europe 's highest mountain , Mount Elbrus , 5642 m. Politically , the Caucasus region is separated between northern and southern parts . While the northern parts are under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation , the southern parts consist of independent sovereign states . These include Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan . The southern Caucasus mountain range ( the Lesser Caucasus ) extends eastwards to the Caspian Sea in northwestern Iran , and into northeastern Turkey .   The region is known for its linguistic diversity : aside from Indo-European and Turkic languages , the Kartvelian , Northwest Caucasian , and Northeast Caucasian families are indigenous to the area .

neg: Stateless nation Stateless nation is a political term for ethnic/national minority that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state . The term implies that the group `` should have '' such a state . Members of stateless ethnic groups may be citizens/nationals of the country in which they live , or they may be denied citizenship by that country . Stateless nations are usually not represented as a nation in international sports such as FIFA , Olympics or in international communities such as the United Nations . Nations without state are classified as fourth world nations . Some of the stateless nations have a great heritage and a long tradition of statehood in the past and some were always a stateless nation , which was dominated by another nation for a large part of its history .   Stateless nations either are dispersed across a number of states ( for example , the Yoruba people are found in the African states of Nigeria , Benin and Togo ) or form the native population of a province within a larger state ( such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People 's Republic of China ) . Some stateless nations historically had a state , which was absorbed by another ; for example , Tibet 's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized , and it was invaded in 1951 by the People 's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China , while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under unlawful occupation . Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state ( for example , the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats , Serbs , Bosniaks , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Kosovars and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia . Since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed ) .   Stateless nations can have large population . For example , The Tamils are a stateless nation in South Asia with a population of more than 70 million . They form one of the largest ethnic groups in South India . Governments may respond differently on stateless nations in their states . For example , the suppression of the Tamil people in Sri Lanka led to one of the longest and most violent separatist conflict between 1983 and 2009 . However , a similar ethnic conflict was absent among Tamils in India during this period , because they were peacefully integrated into the federal structure of India . Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same region . For example , Catalans , Basques , Aragonese , Galicians , Asturians , Valencians , Andalusians in Iberian Peninsula or the Brahui , Santhals and Balochs in South Asia .   The Romani people are another stateless people . They may be a special case being distributed among numerous countries with no clear homeland ; as a traditionally `` nomadic '' people , the Romani/Roma are a classical `` stateless nation '' without aspiration to sovereign territory . As not all states are nation states , there are a number of ethnic groups who live in a multinational state without being considered `` stateless nations '' .

neg: Mordvin native religion Mordvin Neopaganism , or the Mordvin native religion or Erzyan native religion , is the modern revival of the ethnic religion of the Mordvins ( Erzya and Moksha ) , peoples of Volga Finnic ethnic stock dwelling in the republic of Mordovia within Russia , or in bordering lands of Russia . The religion is often called Mastorava ( Mordvin for : `` Mother Earth '' ) , from the homonymous epic poem or the mother goddess of the Mordvin pantheon . The name of the originating god according to the Mordvin tradition is Ineshkipaz .   The Mordvins have been almost fully Christianised since the times of Kievan Rus ' , although Pagan customs were preserved in the folklore and a few villages completely preserved the native faith at least until further missionary activities of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century and in the early 20th century . The Neopagan revival was started in 1990 , alongside that of many other native religions in Russia , as the Soviet Union was on the brink of dissolution .   According to scholar Victor Schnirelmann , 2 % of the Mordvins adhere to the Mordvin native faith , while more recent figures by the Evangelical database Joshua Project report 5 % . Adherents of the Erzyan Mastor organisation organise the Rasken Ozks ( Mordvin for : `` Native Prayer '' ) , a national Mordvin worship service held yearly , with participation also of members of the Mastorava organisation and other ones .

neg: Azeri style The `` Azerbaijani style '' or `` Azeri style '' is a style ( sabk ) of architecture when categorizing Iranian architecture development in Iranian Azerbaijan history . Landmarks of this style of architecture span from the late 13th century ( Ilkhanate ) to the appearance of the Safavid Dynasty in the 16th century CE .   Examples of this style are Dome of Soltaniyeh , Arg e Tabriz , Jameh Mosque of Varamin , Goharshad Mosque , Bibi Khanum mosque in Samarqand , tomb of Abdas-Samad , Gur-e Amir , Jameh mosque of Yazd and Jameh Mosque of Urmia .

neg: Ehli Beyt Scholars Association The Ehli Beyt Scholars Association ( Ehlibeyt Alimleri Derneği , abbr . Ehla-Der ) is the main Turkish Jaafari Shia organization founded on May 31 , 2011 in Istanbul . Its present chairman is Kadir Akaras .   The Twelver Shia community represents 3 % of the Muslim population in Turkey , more than three million members , most of whom are ethnic Azeris who live in the eastern provinces neighbouring to Azerbaijan , more particularly in the Iğdır and Kars provinces , and in Istanbul in neighbourhoods close to the airport ( Halkalı , Bakırkoÿ ) and on the Asian side to the East of Kadiköy ( Kayışdağı ) . They have 70 mosques in Istanbul and some 300 throughout the country and receive no state funding for their mosques and imams as the Presidency of Religious Affairs ( Diyanet ) is exclusively Sunni .

neg: Armenian nationalism Armenian nationalism in the modern period has its roots in the romantic nationalism of Mikayel Chamchian ( 1738 -- 1823 ) and generally defined as the creation of a free , independent and united Armenia formulated as the Armenian Cause ( հայ դատ , -LSB- -LSB- hɑj dɑt -RSB- -RSB- or Hye Dat ) . Armenian national awakening developed in the 1880s in the context of the general rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire . The Russian Armenia followed with significant causes . The Armenian Apostolic Church has been a great defender of Armenian nationalism , with leaders like Khrimian Hayrik who devoted his life to the peasantry . The establishment of modern Armenia ( 1991 ) and Armenian social fabric becoming more complex gradually decrease the political influence of Hay Dat and shifted towards a modern Armenian nationalism modeled as a liberal nationalism . On the other hand , the Armenian diaspora have `` diaspora nationalism , '' which maintain that the threat of assimilation rather than economic advantage .

neg: Alcohol in Iran Alcohol in Iran is prohibited for the majority of its citizens , due to laws against consumption of alcohol by Iranian Muslims who make up the great majority of the country . Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979 , strict laws against alcohol were enacted , and alcohol consumption is regulated under the Islamic legal term of hudud , `` crimes against God '' . Despite complete prohibition for Muslim citizens , there is still widespread alcohol use across Iran . Alcohol is the second most popular drug in Iran , after opiates .   Non-Muslim citizens are granted a limited permission to produce alcohol for consumption within their community . This exemption , however , also leads to a attitude towards them ( especially Armenians ) as alcohol dealers , and a segment of black market alcohol in Iran comes through the minority community .

neg: Islam in Iran The Islamic conquest of Persia ( 637 -- 651 ) led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia . However , the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost , but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity . Islam has been the official religion of Iran since then , except for a short duration after the Mongol raids and establishment of Ilkhanate . Iran became an Islamic republic after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 .   Before the Islamic conquest , the Persians had been mainly Zoroastrian , however , there were also large and thriving Christian and Jewish communities , especially in the territories of at that time northwestern , western , and southern Iran , mainly Caucasian Albania , Asōristān , Persian Armenia , and Caucasian Iberia . Eastern Sassanian Iran , what is now solely composed of Afghanistan and Central Asia , was predominantly Buddhist . There was a slow but steady movement of the population toward Islam . When Islam was introduced to Iranians , the nobility and city-dwellers were the first to convert , Islam spread more slowly among the peasantry and the dehqans , or landed gentry . By the late 11th century , the majority of Persians had become Muslim , at least nominally .   Islam is the religion of 99.4 % of Iranians . 90-95 % of Iranians are Shi'a and 5-10 % are Sunni . Most Sunnis in Iran are Kurds , Larestani people ( from Larestan ) , Turkomen , and Baluchs , living in the northwest , northeast , south , and southeast . Almost all of Iranian Shi'as are Twelvers .   Though Iran is known today as a stronghold of the Shi'a Muslim faith , it did not become so until much later , around the 15th century . The Safavid dynasty made Shi'a Islam the official state religion in the early sixteenth century and aggressively proselytized on its behalf . It is also believed that by the mid-seventeenth century most people in Iran and the territory of the contemporary neighboring Republic of Azerbaijan had become Shi'as , an affiliation that has continued . Over the following centuries , with the state-fostered rise of a Persian-based Shi'ite clergy , a synthesis was formed between Persian culture and Shi'ite Islam that marked each indelibly with the tincture of the other .

neg: Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan ( Qazaxıstan azərbaycanlıları ) are part of the Azerbaijani diaspora . They are Kazakh citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background . According to the 2009 census , there were 85,292 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Kazakhstan ; Azerbaijanis comprised 0.5 % of Kazakhstan 's population and were the country 's tenth-largest ethnic minority . Most Azerbaijani-Kazakhs have immigrated to Kazakhstan from the Republic of Azerbaijan ; a small group of Iranian Azerbaijanis trapped by the Bolshevik taking of power in 1918 were also forced into Kazakhstan in 1938 .

neg: Foreign relations of Armenia Since its independence , Armenia has maintained a policy of complementarism by trying to have positive and friendly relations with Iran , Russia , and the West , including the United States and the European Union . However , the dispute over the Armenian Genocide of 1915 and the recent war over Nagorno -- Karabakh have created tense relations with two of its immediate neighbors , Azerbaijan and Turkey .   Armenia is a member of more than 50 different international organizations , including the :  United Nations  Eurasian Union  Council of Europe  Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation  La Francophonie  The EU 's Eastern Partnership and the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly  The UN 's Eastern European Group  Eurocontrol  Interpol  Commonwealth of Independent States and the Collective Security Treaty Organization  Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe  NATO 's Partnership for Peace , Individual Partnership Action Plan and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council  International Monetary Fund  International Bank for Reconstruction and Development  World Trade Organization , the World Bank , and the World Customs Organization  Asian Development Bank  European Bank for Reconstruction and Development  Eurasian Development Bank and the Eurasian Customs Union  Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges  TRACECA   Armenia is also an observer member of the Community of Democratic Choice , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organization of American States , the Arab League , and a dialogue partner in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation . Eduard Nalbandyan serves as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia .

neg: Kurdish mythology Kurdish mythology is the collective term for the beliefs and practices of the culturally , ethnically or linguistically related group of ancient peoples who inhabited the Kurdistan mountains of northwestern Zagros , northern Mesopotamia and southeastern Anatolia . This includes their Indo-European pagan religion prior to them converting to Islam , as well the local myths , legends and folklore that they produced after becoming Muslims .

neg: Chess in Azerbaijan Chess is one of the most popular sports in Azerbaijan , where it is governed by the Azerbaijan Chess Federation ( ACF ) . On May 5 , 2009 Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev , who is also the chairman of the National Olympic Committee , signed an executive order initiating a state-supported chess development program , covering the years 2009 -- 2014 .

neg: LGBT rights in Armenia Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Armenia are not legislated in both the legal and social spheres .   Homosexuality has been legal in Armenia since 2003 . However , even though it has been decriminalized , the situation of local lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) citizens has not changed substantially . Many LGBT Armenians fear being socially outcast by their friends and families , causing them to keep their sexual orientation or gender identity private . Recently , the LGBT community in Armenia has become better connected due to social media , although a sense of fear and a desire for anonymity remains due to the nation 's conservative culture .   Homosexuality remains a taboo topic in many parts of Armenian society . In a 2012 study , 55 % of correspondents in Armenian stated that they would cease their relationship with a friend or relative if they were to come out as gay . Furthermore , this study found that 70 % of Armenians find LGBT people to be `` strange . '' There is , moreover , no legal protection for LGBT persons whose human rights are violated regularly . Armenia has been ranked 47th out of 49 European countries for LGBT rights , with Russia and neighboring Azerbaijan taking the 48th and 49th positions , respectively . The younger generation of Armenians still remain very unknowledgeable about many LGBT issues , likely attributed to the family culture where young people live at home until they reach the primary goal for many Armenians , heterosexual marriage .   Many LGBT claim to fear violence in their workplace or from their family , and therefore , are said to not file complaints of claimed human rights violations or of criminal offences .

neg: Mahalla (Uzbeks) A mahalla is an urban division in Uzbek communities which today exist in Uzbekistan , Kyrgyzstan , and Tajikistan . Historically , mahallas were autonomous social institutions built around familial ties and Islamic rituals . Before the establishment of the Soviet rule in Uzbekistan , Mahallas fulfilled local self-government functions connecting private sphere with public sphere . Religious rituals , life-cycle crisis ceremonies , resource management , conflict resolution , and many other community activities were performed at mahalla , or ( neighbourhood ) level . An informal council of elders ( oqsoqol , or aksakal ) provided leadership .   After the establishment of the Soviet Union , informal mahalla organizations were placed under the state control and served as local extensions of the Soviet government . Mahallas were thought to be `` eyes '' and `` ears '' of the Soviet government ; mahalla became a control mechanism of the state and the mahalla leaders were appointed by the government . However , mahalla level state-society relationships were more complex as mahalla leaders could serve as henchmen while also acting as buffers between the local community and the state . Due to intimate , face-to face relationships dominant at mahalla , mahalla organizations could shield the community from the incursions of the state .   Since 1993 , Uzbek government reorganized mahalla councils as bearers of `` Uzbek nationhood '' and `` morality , '' effectively reproducing Soviet style state domination over the society . Thus , they are formal structures run by committees ( headed by chairs called `` oqsoqols '' ) and regulated by the government . Human rights groups have accused Islam Karimov 's government of using mahallas to control the population , repress dissent , force resettlement , and persecute religious minorities .   Mahalla is a common unit not only in Uzbekistan , but in Tajikistani cities like Khujand and Kyrgyzstani cities like Osh .