query: Syd Barrett was a shrimp.

pos: Syd Barrett Roger Keith `` Syd '' Barrett ( 6 January 1946 -- 7 July 2006 ) was a British musician , composer , singer-songwriter , and painter . Best known as a founder member of the band Pink Floyd , Barrett was the lead singer , guitarist and principal songwriter in its early years and is credited with naming the band . Barrett was excluded from Pink Floyd in April 1968 after David Gilmour took over as their new guitarist , and was briefly hospitalised amid speculation of mental illness .   Barrett was musically active for less than ten years . With Pink Floyd , he recorded four singles , their debut album ( and contributed to the second one ) , and several unreleased songs . Barrett began his solo career in 1969 with the single `` Octopus '' from his first solo album , The Madcap Laughs ( 1970 ) . The album was recorded over the course of a year with five different producers ( Peter Jenner , Malcolm Jones , David Gilmour , Roger Waters and Barrett himself ) . Nearly two months after Madcap was released , Barrett began working on his second and final album , Barrett ( 1970 ) , produced by Gilmour and featuring contributions from Richard Wright . Two years later , he left the music industry , retired from public life and strictly guarded his own privacy until his death in 2006 . In 1988 , an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes , Opel , was released by EMI with Barrett 's approval .   Barrett 's innovative guitar work and exploration of experimental techniques such as dissonance , distortion and feedback influenced many musicians . His recordings are also noted for their strongly English-accented vocal delivery . After leaving music , Barrett continued with painting and dedicated himself to gardening . Pink Floyd wrote and recorded several tributes to him , most notably the 1975 album Wish You Were Here , which included `` Shine On You Crazy Diamond '' , as homage to Barrett .

neg: Pink shrimp Pink shrimp may refer to any of the following species :  Pandalus borealis  Pandalus montagui  Farfantepenaeus brevirostris  Metapenaeus monoceros

neg: Lysmata wurdemanni Lysmata wurdemanni , commonly known as the peppermint shrimp , is a species of shrimp .

neg: Agnatha Agnatha ( Greek , `` no jaws '' ) is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata , subphylum Vertebrata , consisting of both present ( cyclostomes ) and extinct ( conodonts and ostracoderms ) species . The group excludes all vertebrates with jaws , known as gnathostomes .   The agnathans as a whole are paraphyletic , because most extinct agnathans belong to the stem group of gnathostomes . Recent molecular data , both from rRNA and from mtDNA as well as embryological data strongly supports the hypothesis that living agnathans , the cyclostomes , are monophyletic .   The oldest fossil agnathans appeared in the Cambrian , and two groups still survive today : the lampreys and the hagfish , comprising about 120 species in total . Hagfish are considered members of the subphylum Vertebrata , because they secondarily lost vertebrae ; before this event was inferred from molecular and developmental data , the group Craniata was created by Linnaeus ( and is still sometimes used as a strictly morphological descriptor ) to reference hagfish plus vertebrates . In addition to the absence of jaws , modern agnathans are characterised by absence of paired fins ; the presence of a notochord both in larvae and adults ; and seven or more paired gill pouches . Lampreys have a light sensitive pineal eye ( homologous to the pineal gland in mammals ) . All living and most extinct Agnatha do not have an identifiable stomach or any appendages . Fertilization and development are both external . There is no parental care in the Agnatha class . The Agnatha are ectothermic or cold blooded , with a cartilaginous skeleton , and the heart contains 2 chambers .   While a few scientists still regard the living agnathans as only superficially similar , and argue that many of these similarities are probably shared basal characteristics of ancient vertebrates , recent classifications clearly place hagfish ( the Myxini or Hyperotreti ) , with the lampreys ( Hyperoartii ) as being more closely related to each other than either is to the jawed fishes .

neg: Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center The Lee and Joe Jamail Texas Swimming Center is an aquatics facility at the University of Texas at Austin in the USA . It is home to the university 's swimming and diving teams , a variety of university-offered swimming and scuba-diving classes , as well as Longhorn Aquatics , a youth program . The facility also hosts the annual State high school championships in swimming and diving , run by the University Interscholastic League .   The building is named after UT graduate and longtime benefactor Joe Jamail and his wife Lee . Before the Jamail 's name was placed on the facility in the mid-1990s , the building was known simply as the `` Texas Swimming Center '' .   The building houses two separate pools :  The main pool , used for competitive swimming , is 50 meters long by 25 yards wide and is 9 feet deep . Two retractable bulkheads , stored on cranes in recesses in the ceiling of the building , can be lowered and maneuvered , allowing the pool a variety of possible configurations . Some of these include : a long course practice setup , with eight 50m lanes ; short course practice , with anywhere from 16 to 20 25-yard lanes ; competition long course with eight 50m lanes ; short course competition with eight 25 yard/meter competition lanes , and warm up/down lanes ; and short-course competition with sixteen 25-yard lanes ( two courses of 8 lanes each ) .  The diving well is 25 yards long by 25 yards wide . The north end of the well houses 4 separate 1-meter springboards and two 3-meter springboards and is 15 feet deep . The south end of the well houses the platform tower with 1 - , 3 - , 5 - , 7.5 - , and 10-meter platforms , as well as four 3-meter springboards ; this end is 18 feet deep . Both ends have a bubbler system , which creates bubbles in the water that can lessen the surface tension of the water . The diving well can also be arranged as a lap pool .

neg: Dysphagia Dysphagia is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing . Although classified under `` symptoms and signs '' in ICD-10 , the term is sometimes used as a condition in its own right . People with dysphagia are sometimes unaware of having it .   The word is derived from the Greek dys meaning bad or disordered , and the root phag - meaning `` eat '' . It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach , a lack of pharyngeal sensation , or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism . Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia , which is defined as painful swallowing , and globus , which is the sensation of a lump in the throat . A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia ( dysfunction without pain ) , odynophagia without dysphagia ( pain without dysfunction ) , or both together . A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia .

neg: Barrett's Privateers `` Barrett 's Privateers '' is a modern folk song in the style of a sea shanty , written and performed by Canadian musician Stan Rogers , having been inspired after a song session with the Friends of Fiddler 's Green at the Northern Lights Festival Boréal in Sudbury , Ontario . Although Barrett , the Antelope and other specific instances mentioned in the song are fictional , `` Barrett 's Privateers '' is full of many authentic details of privateering in the late 18th century .   The song was released on the album Fogarty 's Cove in 1976 and has since gained popularity as a drinking song , with cover versions by many bands . The song makes use of mixed meter , regularly switching back and forth from 4/4 to 5/4 time , which is unusual for a sea shanty , as they are traditionally sung in a strict , unchanging meter . It is regarded as one of the Royal Canadian Navy 's unofficial anthems , the unofficial anthem of Atlantic Canada and also often heard sung at many Atlantic universities including Mount Saint Vincent University , Saint Mary 's , Dalhousie , Memorial University of Newfoundland , University of King 's College , and University of New Brunswick .

neg: Heteromysis actiniae Heteromysis actiniae , commonly known as the anemone mysid , is a species of opossum shrimp found in association with the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata . It is found in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico .

neg: Stygiocaris Stygiocaris is a genus of shrimp from caves in the North West Cape and Barrow Island , Western Australia .   Stygiocaris is highly troglobitic , being transparent , less than 20 mm long and with reduced eyes . It was first described by Lipke Holthuis in 1960 .   The genus contains two species -- S. stylifera and S. lancifera . S. stylifera is larger than S. lancifera , and also differs in the shape of the rostrum , which is lance-shaped in S. lancifera and constricted at its basal end , but straight and without any constriction in S. stylifera . Other distinguishing features include the shape of the fifth and sixth abdominal somites , and the bases of the antennae .   The two species of Stygiocaris were the first cave shrimp to be reported from Australia , and the type specimens were mostly taken from Kuddumurra Well , from which the fish Milyeringa veritas was described in 1945 . The temperature in the well was recorded as 29 - , and it contained fresh water , but is influenced by the tides .

neg: Pallas Athena (song) `` Pallas Athena '' is a song written by David Bowie in 1993 for the album Black Tie White Noise .   The name is taken from the Greek goddess , Athena , who is famously depicted in Athenian statues under the form of Pallas Athena . Hence , the name of the song is a suggestion of religion and icons and sets the mood for a dark piece concerning the power that religion has over man .   The lyrics are rather sparse , but the phrase beginning the piece , `` God is on top of it , that 's all , '' delivered as though from an African-American preacher , is ominous and intimidating , accompanied with the sound of strings delivering a sorrowful melody . The piece develops into a techno dance piece , using string sounds to hold the ominous mood while overlaid atop bass and drums . David Bowie 's saxophone playing is amplified into a scream-like sound , which solos , along with Lester Bowie on trumpet . A lyric , `` We are , we are , we are , we are praying , '' is repeated through the close of the song in a somber , monk-like fashion . Ultimately , the song restates Bowie 's interest in how man relates with God .   Bowie used to play a drum 'n' bass version of the song during his 1997 Earthling tour , and a live version recorded at Paradiso , Holland 10 June 1997 was released as a single under the name Tao Jones Index , a very limited edition only available on 12 '' vinyl . Bowie played as Tao Jones Index during his performance in a dance tent at Phoenix Festival in 1997 . It is a pun based on his birth name , David Jones , and his then recent bond offering to the Dow Jones Index . Tao , a Chinese character pronounced `` dao , '' not only stands for the Chinese equivalent to Bowie 's first initial , `` D '' , but also has heavy religious implications through its correlation to Taoism , therefore contributing to the religious overtones of `` Pallas Athena . '' The Chinese character 道 means `` the way '' ( the path , the route ) .   It was announced in March 2010 that a digital download EP would be made available in June 2010 .

neg: Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ( DDD ) is an organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin . DDD is a metabolite of DDT . DDD is colorless and crystalline ; it is closely related chemically and is similar in properties to DDT , but it is considered to be less toxic to animals than DDT . The molecular formula for DDD is ( ClC6H4 ) 2CHCHCl2 or C14H10Cl4 , whereas the formula for DDT is ( ClC6H4 ) 2CHCCl3 or C14H9Cl5 .   DDD is in the `` Group B2 '' classification , meaning that it is a probable human carcinogen . This is based on an increased incidence of lung tumors in male and female mice , liver tumors in male mice , and thyroid tumors in male rats . Further basis is that DDD is so similar to and is a metabolite of DDT , another probable human carcinogen .   DDD is no longer registered for agricultural use in the United States , but the general population continues to be exposed to it due to its long persistence time . The primary source of exposure is oral ingestion of food .   1946 is the date of the earliest recorded use in English of the abbreviation `` DDD '' to stand for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane , as far as could be determined .

neg: Sirens (Pearl Jam song) `` Sirens '' is a song by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam . It was released on September 18 , 2013 as a digital download as the second single from their tenth studio album Lightning Bolt . In its first week of release , the single sold 13,000 downloads in the US . Guitarist Mike McCready said the song was inspired by Roger Waters 's The Wall Live Tour , as after attending a concert in 2011 he `` wanted to write something that would have a Pink Floyd type feel '' . The lyrics by singer Eddie Vedder concern his worries on mortality , and what the future reserves for the next generations .

neg: Syneresis (chemistry) Syneresis ( also spelled ` synæresis ' or ` synaeresis ' ) , in chemistry , is the extraction or expulsion of a liquid from a gel , as when serum drains from a contracting clot of blood . Another example of syneresis is the collection of whey on the surface of yogurt . Syneresis can also be observed when the amount of diluent in a swollen polymer exceeds the solubility limit as the temperature changes . A household example of this is the counter intuitive expulsion of water from dry gelatin when the temperature increases . Syneresis has also been proposed as the mechanism of formation of the amorphous silicate composing the frustule of diatoms   In the processing of dairy milk , for example during cheese making , syneresis is the formation of the curd due to the sudden removal of the hydrophilic macropeptides , which causes an imbalance in intermolecular forces . Bonds between hydrophobic sites start to develop and are enforced by calcium bonds which form as the water molecules in the micelles start to leave the structure . This process is usually referred to as the phase of coagulation and syneresis . The splitting of the bond between residues 105 and 106 in the κ-casein molecule is often called the primary phase of the rennet action , while the phase of coagulation and syneresis is referred to as the secondary phase .   In cooking , syneresis is the sudden release of moisture contained within protein molecules , usually caused by excessive heat , which over-hardens the protein shell . Moisture inside expands upon heating . The hard protein shell pops , expelling the moisture .   This process is what changes juicy rare steak to dry steak when well-done . It creates weeping in scrambled eggs , with dry protein curd swimming in released moisture . It causes emulsified sauces , such as hollandaise , to `` break . '' It creates unsightly moisture pockets within baked custard dishes such as flan or crème brûlée .   In dentistry , syneresis is the expulsion of water or other liquid molecules from dental impression materials ( Alginate for example ) after an impression has been taken . Due to this process , the impression shrinks a little and therefore its size is no longer accurate . For this reason , many dental impression companies strongly recommend to pour the dental cast as soon as possible to prevent distortion of the dimension of the teeth and objects in the impression .   The opposite process of syneresis is imbibition , meaning , a material that absorbs water molecules from the surrounding . Alginate is also an example of imbibition since if soaked in water , it will absorb it .

neg: Poetry Slam, Inc. Poetry Slam , Inc. ( PSI ) is a non-profit organization charged with overseeing the international coalition of poetry slams . Established in 1997 , PSI is responsible for making poetry slam more visible and accessible to the world via its flagship events : National Poetry Slam ( NPS ) , Individual World Poetry Slam ( iWPS ) , and the Women of the World Poetry Slam ( WOWps ) .  Their mission is `` to promote the performance and creation of poetry while cultivating literary activities and spoken word events in order to build audience participation , stimulate creativity , awaken minds , foster education , inspire mentoring , encourage artistic statement and engage communities worldwide in the revelry of language '' .   Though poetry slams are maintained in a growing number of cities by local volunteer organizers , the vast majority of slam series follow the rules established by PSI , PSI 's founders and its members . Because of slam 's exponential growth as an art form , PSI has emerged not only as an administrative body to maintain the rules which govern slams , but as an organization that seeks to grow slam 's audience and protect slam 's interests . The Executive Council , headed by a seven-member board of poets and slam organizers , plus a paid executive director , and voted on by representatives of local slams ( SlamMasters ) every two years , maintains a watch on poetry slam series worldwide , ensuring that slam remains an art form open to all competitors . Through the certification process and its annual organizational meetings , PSI has created the backbone for a community of poets who are in frequent communication with one another , in order to pool ideas and share creative resources to insure the future growth and recognition of slam .  Poets from the community frequently embark on poetry tours in other cities , relying on each other to set up the organizational framework necessary for such tours to be successful .   Recently PSI sought to improve the general public knowledge of slams through various projects such as the creation of an official website and of a summer workshop at SUNY-Oneota , the staging of slams on a major cable television network , and the organization each year of regional officially-sanctioned team competitions in numerous host cities converging the more talented participants on the annual National Poetry Slam .

neg: Ostracod Ostracods , or ostracodes , are a class of the Crustacea ( class Ostracoda ) , sometimes known as seed shrimp . Some 70,000 species ( only 13,000 of which are extant ) have been identified , grouped into several orders . They are small crustaceans , typically around 1 mm in size , but varying from 0.2 to in the case of Gigantocypris . Their bodies are flattened from side to side and protected by a bivalve-like , chitinous or calcareous valve or `` shell '' . The hinge of the two valves is in the upper ( dorsal ) region of the body . Ostracods are grouped together based on gross morphology , but the group may not be monophyletic ; their molecular phylogeny remains ambiguous .   Ecologically , marine ostracods can be part of the zooplankton or ( most commonly ) are part of the benthos , living on or inside the upper layer of the sea floor . Many ostracods , especially the Podocopida , are also found in fresh water , and terrestrial species of Mesocypris are known from humid forest soils of South Africa , Australia and New Zealand . They have a wide range of diets , and the group includes carnivores , herbivores , scavengers and filter feeders .   As of 2008 , around 2000 species and 200 genera of nonmarine ostracods are found . However , a large portion of diversity is still undescribed , indicated by undocumented diversity hotspots of temporary habitats in Africa and Australia . Of the known specific and generic diversity of nonmarine ostracods , half ( 1000 species , 100 genera ) belongs to one family ( of 13 families ) , Cyprididae . Many Cyprididae occur in temporary water bodies and have drought-resistant eggs , mixed/parthenogenetic reproduction , and the ability to swim . These biological attributes preadapt them to form successful radiations in these habitats .

neg: Bimbisula Bimbisula ( `` dawn booby '' ) is an extinct genus of sulid bird known from fossils discovered in Pliocene rocks of South Carolina , United States . The type and only named species is B. melanodactylus . The genus name is a combination of the Gullah name `` Bimbi '' , meaning dawn , with `` sula '' , an Icelandic word for `` fool '' that has been used to describe boobies ( Sulidae , Sula ) in general . The species name is Greek for `` black-fingered '' , referring to the iron staining that darkened the bones of the type specimen . Bimbisula melanodactylus is based on Charleston Museum PV2818 , a partial skeleton including fragments of the skull , shoulder girdle , left upper arm , right hand , and fused hip vertebrae , and much of the right leg . It was collected in 1980 by James Malcolm from a locality along the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad in Charleston County in the vicinity of the Dorchester Road overpass . A second specimen assigned to the species , Science Museum of Minnesota P90 .38.8 , consists of a cranium discovered in October 1990 by Bruce Erickson near the Wando Terminal . Both specimens were found in the Goose Creek Limestone , of middle Pliocene age . The type specimen comes from the upper part of the formation , which is approximately 3.6 to 3.5 million years old . The exact stratigraphy of the second specimen is uncertain , and it may be anywhere from 3.9 to 3.5 million years old . Bimbisula was a large sulid , comparable in size to smaller species of gannets , and its skeleton shows a combination of booby-like and gannet-like characteristics .

neg: Tiny Dynamine Tiny Dynamine is an EP by the Scottish rock group Cocteau Twins , released on 4AD Records . The EP featured four non-album tracks . It was issued on 15 November 1985 , two weeks prior to another EP , Echoes in a Shallow Bay . The two EP sets , which featured complementary artwork , were also released as a combined double EP in a gatefold cover and as an eight-track CD . The EP was reissued in 1991 as part of The Box Set and in 2005 as part of the singles/EP collection Lullabies to Violaine .   The band did not originally intend to release these songs to the general public , presumably explaining the decision to release the material on EPs , rather than as what would have been their fourth album . The tracks on Tiny Dynamine and Echoes in a Shallow Bay were initially recorded to test the production capacities of a new studio . When the band decided the material was strong enough for release , they completed the recording process and issued the finished product on two EPs .   `` Pink Orange Red '' and `` Plain Tiger '' were performed live . An acoustic version of `` Pink Orange Red '' appeared on the 1995 EP Twinlights , and a remastered version appeared on the 2000 compilation Stars and Topsoil .   Many of the titles on the two EPs seem to have some link with Lepidoptera ( butterflies and moths ) . Most are obscure , but the plain tiger is a common Asian butterfly and the lyrics to `` Melonella '' ( on Echoes In A Shallow Bay ) are simply a recounting of various Lepidopteric family names such as Hesperiidae and Papilionidae .

neg: Gastropoda The Gastropoda or gastropods , more commonly known as snails and slugs , are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca . The class Gastropoda includes snails and slugs of all kinds and all sizes from microscopic to large . There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slugs , as well as freshwater snails , freshwater limpets , land snails and land slugs .   The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species , second only to the insects in overall number . The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian . There are 611 families of gastropods known , of which 202 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record .   Gastropoda ( previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled `` Gasteropoda '' ) are a major part of the phylum Mollusca , and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum , with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species . The anatomy , behavior , feeding , and reproductive adaptations of gastropods vary significantly from one clade or group to another . Therefore , it is difficult to state many generalities for all gastropods .   The class Gastropoda has an extraordinary diversification of habitats . Representatives live in gardens , woodland , deserts , and on mountains ; in small ditches , great rivers and lakes ; in estuaries , mudflats , the rocky intertidal , the sandy subtidal , in the abyssal depths of the oceans including the hydrothermal vents , and numerous other ecological niches , including parasitic ones .   Although the name `` snail '' can be , and often is , applied to all the members of this class , commonly this word means only those species with an external shell big enough that the soft parts can withdraw completely into it . Those gastropods without a shell , and those with only a very reduced or internal shell , are usually known as slugs ; those with a shell into which they can not withdraw are termed limpets .   The marine shelled species of gastropod include edible species such as abalone , conches , periwinkles , whelks , and numerous other sea snails that produce seashells that are coiled in the adult stage -- though in some , the coiling may not be very visible , for example in cowries . In a number of families of species , such as all the various limpets , the shell is coiled only in the larval stage , and is a simple conical structure after that .

neg: Macrobrachium ohione Macrobrachium ohione , commonly known as the Ohio shrimp or Ohio River shrimp , is a species of freshwater shrimp found in rivers throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean drainage basins of North America . It is the best-known of all North American freshwater shrimp , and is commonly used as bait for commercial fishing , especially catfish .

neg: Symplegades The Symplegades ( -LSB- sɪmˈplɛɡədiːz -RSB- Συμπληγάδες , Symplēgádes ) or Clashing Rocks , also known as the Cyanean Rocks , were , according to Greek mythology , a pair of rocks at the Bosphorus that clashed together when somebody went through . They were defeated by Jason and the Argonauts , who would have been lost and killed by the rocks except for Phineus ' advice . Jason let a dove fly between the rocks ; it lost only its tail feathers . The Argonauts rowed mightily to get through and lost only part of the stern ornament . After that , the Symplegades stopped moving permanently .   The European rock is usually identified with an islet , about 20 m wide and 200 m long , which stands about 100 m off the shore of a village called Rumeli Feneri ( ` Lighthouse of Rumeli ) , and is connected to it by a modern concrete jetty . At its highest point , there is an ancient altar known as the Pillar of Pompey , though it has nothing to do with Pompey . Dionysius of Byzantium mentions a Roman shrine to Apollo on one of the Cyanean Rocks , and the 16th-century French traveller Petrus Gyllius thought the altar was a remnant of that shrine .   The Asian rock is probably a reef off the Yum Burnu ( north of Anadolu Feneri ` Lighthouse of Anatolia ' ) , described by Gyllius :  The reef is divided into four rocks above water which , however , are joined below ; it is separated from the continent by a narrow channel filled with many stones , by which as by a staircase one can cross the channel with dry feet when the sea is calm ; but when the sea is rough , waves surround the four rocks into which I said the reef is divided . Three of these are low and more or less submerged , but the middle one is higher than the European rock , sloping up to an acute point and roundish right up to its summit ; it is splashed by the waves but not submerged and is everywhere precipitous and straight . ''

neg: Daniel Gillespie Daniel Thomas Gillespie is a physicist who is best known for his derivation in 1976 of the stochastic simulation algorithm ( SSA ) , also called the Gillespie algorithm . The SSA is a procedure for numerically simulating the time evolution of the molecular populations in a chemically reacting system in a way that takes account of the fact that molecules react in whole numbers and in a largely random way . Since the late 1990s , the SSA has been widely used to simulate chemical reactions inside living cells , where the small molecular populations of some reactant species often invalidate the differential equations of traditional deterministic chemical kinetics .   Gillespie 's original derivation of the SSA began by considering how chemical reactions actually occur in a well-stirred dilute gas . Reasoning from physics ( and not by heuristically extrapolating deterministic reaction rates to a stochastic context ) , he showed that the probability that a specific reaction will occur in the next very small time dt could be written as an explicit function of the current species populations multiplied by dt . From that result he deduced , using only the laws of probability , an exact formula for the joint probability density function p ( τ , j ) of the -LCB- time τ to the next reaction event -RCB- and the -LCB- index j of that reaction -RCB- . The SSA consists of first generating random values for τ and j according to p ( τ , j ) , and then actualizing the next reaction accordingly . The generating step of the SSA can be accomplished using any of several different methods , and Gillespie 's original paper presented two : the `` direct method '' , which follows from a straightforward application of the well known Monte Carlo inversion method for generating random numbers ; and the `` first-reaction method '' , which is less straightforward but mathematically equivalent . Later workers derived additional methods for generating random numbers according to Gillespie 's function p ( τ , j ) which offer computational advantages in various specific situations . Gillespie 's original derivation of the SSA applied only to a well-stirred dilute gas . It was widely assumed/hoped that the SSA would also apply when the reactant molecules are solute molecules in a well-stirred dilute solution , a case more appropriate to cellular chemistry . In fact it does , but that was not definitively established until 2009 . The SSA is one component of stochastic chemical kinetics , a field that Gillespie played a major role in developing and clarifying through his later publications .   The SSA is physically accurate only for systems that are both dilute and well-mixed in the reactant ( solute ) molecules . An extension of the SSA which is aimed at circumventing the globally well-mixed requirement is the reaction-diffusion SSA ( RD-SSA ) . It subdivides the system volume into cubic subvolumes or `` voxels '' which are small enough that each can be considered well-mixed . Chemical reactions are then considered to occur inside individual voxels and are modeled using the SSA . The diffusion of reactant molecules to adjacent voxels is modeled by special `` voxel-hopping '' reactions that accurately simulate the diffusion equation provided the voxels are , again , sufficiently small . But modeling a bimolecular reaction inside a voxel using the SSA 's reaction probability rate will be physically valid only if the reactant molecules are dilute inside the voxel , and that requires the voxels to be much larger than the reactant molecules . These opposing requirements ( smaller vs. larger ) on the voxel size for the RD-SSA often can not be simultaneously met . In such cases , it will be necessary to adopt a much less restrictive simulation strategy that carefully tracks the location of every reactant molecule in the system . An algorithm of that kind was devised in 2014 by Gillespie and co-workers . Called the small-voxel tracking algorithm ( SVTA ) , it subdivides the system volume into voxels that are smaller than the reactant molecules , and hence much smaller than the voxels used in the RD-SSA . Diffusion is therefore modeled much more accurately in the SVTA than in the RD-SSA . But inside such small voxels , the SSA 's bimolecular reaction probability rate will no longer be physically valid . So the SVTA instead models bimolecular reactions using a novel extension of the diffusional voxel-hopping rule . That extension rectifies the physical incorrectness of the standard diffusion equation on the small space-time scales where collision-induced reactions occur . The SVTA thus eliminates the requirements that the system be dilute and well-mixed , and it does so in a way that has theoretical support in molecular physics . The price for this major gain in robustness and accuracy is a simulation procedure that is more computationally intensive . Details of the SVTA and its justification in physical theory are given in the original paper ; however , that paper does not develop a widely applicable , user-friendly software implementation of the SVTA .   Gillespie 's broader research has produced articles on cloud physics , random variable theory , Brownian motion , Markov process theory , electrical noise , light scattering in aerosols , and quantum mechanics .


query: The Beatles played in clubs in Hamburg.

pos: The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 . With members John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr , they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era . Rooted in skiffle , beat and 1950s rock and roll , the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles , ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock , often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways . In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as `` Beatlemania '' , and as the group 's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years , led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s .   The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960 , with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player . The core of Lennon , McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers , including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in 1962 . Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act , and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings , greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit , `` Love Me Do '' , in late 1962 . They acquired the nickname `` the Fab Four '' as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year , and by early 1964 became international stars , leading the `` British Invasion '' of the United States pop market . From 1965 onwards , the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings , including the albums Rubber Soul ( 1965 ) , Revolver ( 1966 ) , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( 1967 ) , The Beatles ( commonly known as the White Album , 1968 ) and Abbey Road ( 1969 ) . After their break-up in 1970 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths . McCartney and Starr , the surviving members , remain musically active . Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980 , and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001 .   The Beatles are the best-selling band in history , with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide . They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act . According to the RIAA , the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States , with 178 million certified units . In 2008 , the group topped Billboard magazine 's list of the all-time most successful `` Hot 100 '' artists ; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty . They have received ten Grammy Awards , an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards . The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 , and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015 . They were also collectively included in Time magazine 's compilation of the twentieth century 's 100 most influential people .

neg: The London Rock and Roll Show The London Rock and Roll Show was a concert held at Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park , London , England , on 5 August 1972 . It is often said to have been the first ever concert held at the stadium , but in fact the band Yes had performed in the Stadium on 13 July 1969 .   From the late 1960s to the early 1970s , many rock and roll performers from the 1950s experienced major career revivals due to a temporary upswing of interest in their form of music . The Revival was marked by a series of major concerts in the United States , and also spread to Europe where events such as the Wembley concert attracted thousands of fans who came out to see the performers behind the music .   The concert included performances by major stars including Bo Diddley , Jerry Lee Lewis , Little Richard , and Bill Haley and His Comets . The concert ended with an extended performance by Chuck Berry , who at the time was enjoying major chart success in Britain and the US with his `` My Ding-a-Ling '' .   Originally billed rock and roll era acts The Platters , The Drifters and The Coasters were unable to perform due to work permit issues . The show was opened instead with sets from British rock and rollers The Houseshakers , Joe Brown , Emile Ford & the Checkmates , Screaming Lord Sutch , Heinz ( with Wilko Johnson on guitar ) and Billy Fury ; as well as songs from Jerry Lee Lewis 's sister Linda Gail Lewis .   Roy Wood 's new band Wizzard , only formed a few weeks previously , also made their live debut at the show .   Garage rockers MC5 were not over-popular with the crowd . Little Richard also got booed when he stopped singing rock and roll and jumped on top of his piano . As did a very new Gary Glitter , with The Glitter Band .   Mick Jagger attended the concert , but did not perform . Future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren can be seen selling T-shirts from a stall in the film .   The concert was filmed and released in 1973 as The London Rock and Roll Show , directed by Peter Clifton . Although no soundtrack release occurred at the time the film was made , one was finally issued in the early 2000s ( decade ) , followed by several different releases with different combinations of performances .

neg: A Beginning `` A Beginning '' is an instrumental piece composed by the Beatles ' producer George Martin and intended as an introduction to `` Do n't Pass Me By '' , Ringo Starr 's first solo composition from the Beatles ' 1968 double album The Beatles ( also known as the `` White Album '' ) .   It was instead used as an incidental cue in the Beatles ' cartoon film Yellow Submarine and heard right before `` Eleanor Rigby . '' It was included on Anthology 3 as a replacement of a planned `` new Beatles song , '' `` Now and Then '' ( along with `` Free as a Bird '' and `` Real Love . '' )   A Beginning was scored by George Martin and recorded on 22 July 1968 , using the same orchestra that appeared on the Beatles ' song `` Good Night '' .

neg: The Zimmers The Zimmers are an English band formed in 2007 and are thought to have the oldest members of any group in the world . The oldest member , Buster Martin , claimed to have been born in 1906 , although some sources indicate he was born in 1913 . Martin died in 2011 . Former lead singer Alf Carretta died on 29 June 2010 , aged 93 . The group takes its name from the Zimmer frame , the UK term for a mobility aid known in other countries as a walker .   The band was created as a feature in a BBC Television documentary which aired on 28 May 2007 . The feature of forming the band and recording a single was intended to give a voice to the feelings of isolation and imprisonment suffered by the elderly . The Zimmers ' logo is a parody of The Beatles ' logo , as is the image of them walking across Abbey Road .   On 7 April 2012 , the band performed the Beastie Boys ' '' ( You Got ta ) Fight for Your Right ( To Party ! ) '' on Britain 's Got Talent . The band toured in 2013 , performing in Warrington on 25 May that year .

neg: We Can Work It Out `` We Can Work It Out '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon . It was first issued as a double A-side single with `` Day Tripper '' in December 1965 . The release marked the first time that both tracks on a Beatles single were designated as joint A-sides . The song was recorded during the sessions for the band 's Rubber Soul album .   `` We Can Work It Out '' is a comparatively rare example of a Lennon -- McCartney collaboration from this period in the Beatles ' career , in that it recalls the level of collaboration the two songwriters had shared when writing the group 's hit singles of 1963 . This song , `` A Day in the Life '' , `` Baby , You 're a Rich Man '' and `` I 've Got a Feeling '' , are among the notable exceptions .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Hamburg Metropolitan Region The Metropolregion Hamburg ( German for Hamburg Metropolitan Region ) is the compilation of eight districts in the German federal state of Lower Saxony , six districts in Schleswig-Holstein , two districts in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the city-state of Hamburg in northern Germany . It covers an area of ca 26,000 km2 , and is home to more than 5.1 million inhabitants .

neg: Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles .   As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording .   While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .

neg: John Peel John Robert Parker Ravenscroft , OBE ( 30 August 1939 -- 25 October 2004 ) , known professionally as John Peel , was an English disc jockey , radio presenter , record producer and journalist . He was the longest serving of the original BBC Radio 1 DJs , broadcasting regularly from 1967 until his death in 2004 .   He was one of the first broadcasters to play psychedelic rock and progressive rock records on British radio , and he is widely acknowledged for promoting artists working in various genres , including pop , reggae , indie pop , indie rock , alternative rock , punk , hardcore punk , breakcore , grindcore , death metal , British hip hop , electronic music , jungle and dance music . Fellow DJ Paul Gambaccini described Peel as `` the most important man in music for about a dozen years '' . In 2012 he was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork -- the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover .   Peel 's Radio 1 shows were notable for the regular `` Peel sessions '' , which usually consisted of four songs recorded by an artist live in the BBC 's studios , and which often provided the first major national coverage to bands that would later achieve great fame . Another popular feature of his shows was the annual Festive Fifty countdown of his listeners ' favourite records of the year .   Peel appeared occasionally on British television as one of the presenters of Top of the Pops in the 1980s , and he provided voice-over commentary for a number of BBC programmes . He became popular with the audience of BBC Radio 4 for his Home Truths programme , which ran from the 1990s , featuring unusual stories from listeners ' domestic lives .

neg: Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made .   Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances .   McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line .   The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .

neg: Record club A record club was a mail-order retail club for selling records promoted by the major record labels during the 1950s onwards .   Major clubs included  EMI Records club founded in 1965  Columbia House ( redirect from Columbia Record Club ) established in 1955 . It had a significant market presence in the 1980s  Capitol Record Club , Capitol Records  Britannia Music Club , Polygram  World Record Club Ltd. company in the United Kingdom which issued long-playing records and reel-to-reel tapes , mainly classical  Customers usually joined record clubs by agreeing to buy a certain number of records , but a significant number of members would not pay for records they ordered . Record companies saw lower royalties from sales through record clubs than from sales through stores and other means . Also , the clubs could give away up to one free record for every record sold -- resulting in about half as much revenue for record companies as they might get through other kinds of distributors .

neg: A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group .   The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: All for the Beatles `` All for the Beatles '' is a song written and released in 1964 by Harry Nilsson and John Marascalco . It was released as a single with the alternative title `` Stand Up and Holler '' under Nilsson 's pseudonym Foto-Fi Four and was packaged with a synchronized standard 8 mm film of The Beatles first arriving in the United States in 1964 .   The rhythm of `` All for the Beatles '' is similar to that of `` Not Fade Away '' , a Buddy Holly cover by The Rolling Stones , which was also based on Bo Diddley 's song `` Bo Diddley '' . The song , which preempted the later friendship and collaboration of Nilsson with The Beatles , was not a commercial success , but the single became a sought-after collectible . A cover version was later released as `` All for the Beatles ( Stand Up and Holler ) '' by The Originals .

neg: Liverpool Wall of Fame The Liverpool Wall of Fame on Mathew Street , Liverpool , England , in front of the Cavern Club is a litany of , and a tribute to , the groups which played at the original Cavern Club , including acts from the city which have reached number one in the UK Singles Chart . The wall also features a disc for every Liverpool musical act that had a number one hit .   It was unveiled on 14 March 2001 by Lita Roza , whose song '' ( How Much Is ) That Doggie in the Window ? '' was the first Liverpool based act 's song to reach number one in the UK . It features 54 Liverpool number 1 UK chart hits since 1952 , and also incorporates an award winning musical themed seat .   The wall is dominated by The Beatles , who have 17 discs thereon .

neg: Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes .   `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .

neg: Live in Europe (Transatlantic album) Live in Europe is the second live album by the progressive rock supergroup Transatlantic . Released in 2003 , it documents the November 12 , 2001 show by the band at the 013 Club , Tilburg , Netherlands . The show was also filmed and released on DVD with a bonus disc featuring additional performances and documentary footage . The show was part of the tour to support the band 's second studio album , Bridge Across Forever .   In keeping with the tradition of covering a classic progressive rock epic on each release , Live In Europe features the band running through The Beatles ' Abbey Road medley as part of the intentionally Beatle-esque `` Suite Charlotte Pike . '' Rather than being a straight cover version , each section of `` Suite Charlotte Pike '' is juxtaposed with a section of the Abbey Road medley .   The album is typical of Transatlantic 's style , in that it is longer than two hours , yet consists of only six tracks .   Daniel Gildenlöw of Pain of Salvation makes a guest appearance , playing additional keyboards , guitars , percussion , and vocals throughout the show .

neg: Europe '72: Beat Club, Bremen, West Germany (4/21/1972) Europe ' 72 : Beat Club , Bremen , West Germany ( 4/21/1972 ) is a live album by the Grateful Dead . It was recorded for the Beat-Club TV show instead of at a concert venue . It is notable for being the shortest concert of the tour , because it was a television performance . On the album , the songs `` Loser '' and `` Black-Throated Wind '' are not included ( they were the soundcheck ) .   The video shot for the Beat-Club TV episode was shown in movie theaters in the U.S. on July 17 , 2014 , as that year 's Grateful Dead Meet-Up at the Movies .

neg: Onkel Pö Onkel Pös Carnegie Hall , better known as Onkel Pö , was a music venue in Hamburg in the 1970s and the early 1980s .

neg: What Goes On (Beatles song) `` What Goes On '' is a song by the Beatles , featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album Rubber Soul . The song was later released as the B-side of the US single `` Nowhere Man '' , and then as the tenth track on the North America-only album Yesterday and Today . It is the only song by the band credited to Lennon -- McCartney-Starkey .


query: Kendrick Lamar signed to a record label.

pos: Kendrick Lamar Kendrick Lamar Duckworth ( born June 17 , 1987 ) is an American rapper and songwriter . Born and raised in Compton , California , he embarked on his musical career as a teenager under the stage name K-Dot , releasing a mixtape that garnered local attention and led to his signing with indie record label Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) . He began to gain recognition in 2010 , after his first retail release , Overly Dedicated . The following year , Lamar independently released his first studio album , Section .80 , which included his debut single , `` HiiiPoWeR '' . By that time , he had amassed a large Internet following and collaborated with several artists in the hip hop industry , including The Game , Snoop Dogg and Busta Rhymes .   His major label debut , good kid , m.A.A.d city , was released in 2012 by TDE , Aftermath and Interscope Records to critical success . It debuted at No. 2 on the US Billboard 200 chart and was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . The record contained the top 40 singles `` Swimming Pools ( Drank ) '' , `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' , and `` Poetic Justice '' . Lamar won his first Grammy Award for `` i '' , lead single from his critically acclaimed third album To Pimp a Butterfly ( 2015 ) . The album drew on free jazz , funk , soul , and spoken word , debuted atop the charts in the US and the UK , and won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album at the 58th ceremony . In 2016 , Lamar released untitled unmastered. , a collection of unreleased demos that originated during the recording sessions for Butterfly . He released his fourth album Damn in 2017 ; its lead single `` Humble '' topped the Billboard Hot 100 .   Lamar has received a number of accolades over the course of his career , including seven Grammy Awards . In early 2013 , MTV named Lamar the number one `` Hottest MC in the Game '' , on their annual list . Time named Lamar one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 . Aside from his solo career , Lamar is also known as a member of the West Coast hip hop supergroup Black Hippy , alongside his TDE label-mates and fellow South Los Angeles-based rappers Ab-Soul , Jay Rock and Schoolboy Q.

neg: Feel (Kendrick Lamar song) `` Feel '' ( stylized as `` FEEL . '' ) is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar , from his fourth studio album Damn , released on April 14 , 2017 . The fifth track on the album , the song was written by Lamar and Mark Spears , aka Sounwave , and produced by Sounwave . The song features bass from bass guitarist Thundercat and vocals from Chelsea Blythe .

neg: Hip-O Records Hip-O Records is a record label that specializes in reissues and compilations . It is part of Universal Music Group . Established in 1996 , the label has distributed releases from ` out of style ' genres such as disco and early hip-hop music as well as publishing film soundtracks . The label 's name is a pun on the name ` hippo ' .

neg: Interscope Geffen A&M Records Interscope Geffen A&M Records ( also known as IGA Records ) is an American record company . Its parent company is the Universal Music Group , a subsidiary of Paris-based media conglomerate Vivendi S.A.

neg: Money Trees `` Money Trees '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar , taken from his major label debut studio album Good Kid , M.A.A.D City ( 2012 ) . The song , which appears as the fifth track on the album , features a guest appearance from his Black Hippy cohort , fellow American rapper Jay Rock . The song , produced by DJ Dahi , entered the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at number 19 due to high downloads , following the album 's release . The song , mixed by Top Dawg engineer Derek `` MixedByAli '' Ali , features background vocals from American singer Anna Wise of Sonnymoon , as well as a sample from the Beach House song `` Silver Soul , '' from their 2010 album Teen Dream .   On June 2 , 2015 Jay Rock released the sequel to the track ; `` Money Trees Deuce '' . However it only features Jay Rock , and not Kendrick Lamar .

neg: G-Funk Entertainment G-Funk Entertainment ( formerly known as G-Funk Records and later renamed G-Funk 2000 : The New Millennium ) is an American vanity label founded by West Coast hip hop artist Warren G . It was a subsidiary of Def Jam , where it was dropped off and signed to Restless Records in 1998 under a new name to finally arrive to Hawino Records as G-Funk Entertainment in 2005 , where Warren G released his album In the Mid-Nite Hour .

neg: Aspire Music Group Aspire Music Group , LLC is an American record label founded by Cortez Bryant , Gerald `` Gee '' Roberson and Derrick Lawrence in 2008 . Their roster currently only includes multi-platinum Canadian rapper Drake .

neg: Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad   The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .

neg: Bitch, Don't Kill My Vibe `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' ( edited for radio as `` Trick , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' or simply `` Do n't Kill My Vibe '' ) , is a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar , from his major-label debut studio album Good Kid , M.A.A.D City ( 2012 ) . The song , produced by frequent collaborator Sounwave of Top Dawg Entertainment in-house production team Digi + Phonics , heavily samples `` Tiden Flyver '' , by Danish electronic group Boom Clap Bachelors . It was originally intended to be a collaboration with American singer Lady Gaga , but her contributions were ultimately excluded from the final recording due to timing issues . A remix of `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' featuring American rapper Jay-Z was sent to radio as the album 's fifth single on March 21 , 2013 , with the original version and another remix featuring British recording artist Emeli Sandé later being released .   The song 's music video , directed by The Lil Homie and OG Mike Mihail , notably ends with an abrupt cut to a black title screen reading `` Death to Molly '' , intended to be a criticism by Lamar of glorification of the drug MDMA in contemporary hip hop music . `` Bitch , Do n't Kill My Vibe '' peaked at number 32 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 chart , also reaching the top ten on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts .

neg: Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more .   The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .

neg: Mavin Records Mavin Records ( also known as the Supreme Mavin Dynasty ) is a revamped Nigerian-based record label founded by recording artist and record producer Don Jazzy on May 8 , 2012 . The label 's inception came to fruition following the closure of Mo ' Hits Records , a record label owned by the aforementioned producer and D'banj . The label is home to recording artists such as Tiwa Savage , Iyanya , Dr SID , D'Prince , Di'Ja , Reekado Banks , Korede Bello , Johnny Drille , Poe , and the DNA Twins . The label also houses a roster of producers such as Jazzy himself , Altims and Baby Fresh . In 2014 , DJ Big N became the label 's official disc jockey . Wande Coal was formerly signed to the label . On May 8 , 2012 , the label released a compilation album titled Solar Plexus .

neg: Red Hammer Records Red Hammer Records is an independent record label located in the Portland , Oregon metro area of Battle Ground , Washington . The label was founded in 2006 and is currently being distributed in the United States and digitally throughout the world by E1 Entertainment .

neg: Perspective Records Perspective Records was an American record label , launched in 1991 by the producing team Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis , through a joint venture with A&M Records -- which Jam & Lewis had had a prosperous working relationship with throughout the 1980s , with several of its major acts including Janet Jackson , The Human League , and label founder Herb Alpert .   Acts on Perspective 's roster included Bobby Ross Avila , Smooth , Mint Condition , Lo-Key , Solo , Sounds of Blackness , Young Zee , and Ann Nesby . From 1993 to 1996 , A&M Records released most of its own urban acts through Perspective . In 1997 , Jam and Lewis resigned as the label 's CEOs , but remained consultants . Over the next year , Perspective continued to release recordings by the current artists for the sake of fulfilling contractual obligations with them . The company was dismantled , and absorbed into A&M Records , in early 1999 -- per the merger of A&M 's PolyGram parent and Universal Music Group .

neg: Charles Hamilton (rapper) Charles Eddie-Lee Hamilton , Jr. ( born November 10 , 1987 ) , is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Harlem , New York City , New York . In addition to his solo career , he is a former member of The Chosen Few , and is also a former member of the All City Chess Club . Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper , Hamilton would sign to independent record label Demevolist Music Group . In 2008 , Hamilton would release a series of mixtapes entitled the The Hamiltonization Process , and on December 8 , 2008 Hamilton would independently release his debut album entitled The Pink Lavalamp .   Hamilton would gain major recognition after being featured on the cover of the XXL 's 2009 Freshmen Class issue and signing an undisclosed million dollar distribution record deal with Interscope Records , in 2008 . Hamilton was due to release his major-label debut album for Interscope entitled This Perfect Life but , in late 2009 , due to Hamilton 's undiagnosed bipolar disorder at the time , he would start to become a frequent source of controversy and public scrutiny for his conduct on social media , and in public settings causing Hamilton to be later dropped from the record label .   In 2010 Hamilton would sign a new record deal with NewCo Records and was due to release a new debut album entitled My Heart but for unknown reasons Hamilton would leave the label and shelve the album . Through 2011-14 , Hamilton would begin to independently release mixtapes , frequently from his personal blogs , with much of his new music taking on more of a horrorcore approach , and also having much of his unreleased shelved musical projects leak online .   In early 2015 Hamilton would sign new record deals with Turn First Records and Republic Records . In 2015 Hamilton would release an EP entitled The Black Box . Hamilton is currently working on his new debut major-label album entitled Hamilton Charles scheduled for release in 2016 . Hamilton has developed other ventures as well , including being former president of his former record labels Demevolist Records and NewCo Records . In 2015 , Hamilton made a musical cameo in the hip hop TV show Empire .

neg: WiseUp & Co. WiseUp & Co. is an American record label founded by hip hop artist Sylvan LaCue in 2015 .

neg: Holyfield's Real Deal Records Real Deal Records , LLC was an American recording company founded February 11 , 1999 by boxer Evander Holyfield and business partner Rochester Johnson Jr. . Musicians signed to Real Deal Records include R&B quartet Shalom , Saison , a popular Filipino singer , NuWine , a rapper from Houston , Exhale , a trio of unique R&B singers , and gospel singer Lexi . Holyfield emphasized the immense diversity in the music that came out of his label .

neg: Rahki Columbus Smith III , better known by his stage name Rahki ( sometimes Rahk or Rahki Beats ) , is an American record producer and songwriter from Los Angeles , California . He is known for his work with mentor DJ Khalil and acts such as Eminem , Kendrick Lamar , Currensy , Evidence , Schoolboy Q , 50 Cent , Domo Genesis , Lecrae , Aloe Blacc , and more .

neg: Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone .   Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .

neg: Indie hip-hop Indie hip hop ( short for independent hip hop ) is hip hop that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene .   The term underground hip hop may be used to describe both indie hip hop ( which is defined by its artists being unsigned or signed to independent record labels , rather than major record labels ) as well as alternative hip hop ( which is defined by music that diverges from mainstream hip hop music such as Gangsta rap . )   As the term `` indie hip hop '' is indicative of the musicians making the music rather than the music itself , it is not strictly a genre but rather covers a range of styles with clearly discernable hip hop characteristics .   Like indie rock artists , many indie hip hop artists place a premium on maintaining complete control of their music and careers , releasing albums on independent record labels ( sometimes their own ) and relying on touring , word-of-mouth , and air play on independent or college radio stations for promotion . Some of its more popular artists , however , may end up moving to major labels , though often on favorable terms won by their prior independent success .   Independent hip hop labels include Babygrande Records , Definitive Jux , Nature Sounds Records and Strange Famous Records . Notable indie hip hop artists include 7L & Esoteric , Bronze Nazareth , Chief Kamachi , Lord Jamar , Mr. Lif , Jedi Mind Tricks , OuterSpace , The Perceptionists , WMR Music Group and The Society of Invisibles .

neg: Word Records Word Records is a Christian faith-based entertainment company based in Nashville , Tennessee . It is owned by Curb Records and is a part of Word Entertainment .

neg: Volcano Entertainment Volcano Entertainment ( sometimes referred to as Volcano Records ) is an American all-round music record label founded in 1996 best known for reissuing albums by Shy Records and releasing albums by Tool , 311 , Size 14 , Survivor and `` Weird Al '' Yankovic ( the latter two were former Scotti Bros. . Records artists and the only artists retained from the label ) . It is currently a part of Epic Records , a division of Sony Music Entertainment .