query: Social issues was a topic Victor Hugo wrote about.

pos: Victor Hugo Victor Marie Hugo ( -LSB- viktɔʁ maʁi yɡo -RSB- ; 26 February 1802 -- 22 May 1885 ) was a French poet , novelist , and dramatist of the Romantic movement . He is considered one of the greatest and best-known French writers . Outside France , his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables , 1862 , and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame ( Notre-Dame de Paris ) , 1831 . In France , Hugo is known primarily for his poetry collections , such as Les Contemplations ( The Contemplations ) and La Légende des siècles ( The Legend of the Ages ) . He produced more than 4,000 drawings and also campaigned for social causes such as the abolition of capital punishment .   Though a committed royalist when he was young , Hugo 's views changed as the decades passed , and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism ; his work touches upon most of the political and social issues and the artistic trends of his time . He is buried in the Panthéon in Paris . His legacy has been honoured in many ways , including his portrait being placed on French currency .

neg: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences The Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences is a specialized fifteen-volume Encyclopedia first published in 1930 and last published in 1967 . It was envisaged in the 1920s by scholars working in disciplines which increasingly were coming to be known as `` Human - '' or `` Social Sciences . '' The goal was to create a comprehensive synthesis of the study of human affairs as undertaken by practitioners of all fields involved in such study . The parameters of what would come to be known as `` Social Science '' were in many ways initially established and defined by this publication .   The Encyclopaedia 's founding organizations included the American Anthropological Association , the American Association of Social Workers , the American Economic Association , the American Historical Association , the American Political Science Association , the American Psychological Association , the American Sociological Society , the American Statistical Association , the Association of American Law Schools , and the National Education Association . It was edited by American economists Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and Alvin Saunders Johnson . Seligman and Johnson solicited contributions from many of the most known and respected scholars in their fields , and established many links with European scholars in the process . The Rockefeller Foundation , Carnegie Foundation , and Russell Sage Foundation provided initial financial support , and Macmillan was selected as publisher .   The international network of social scientists developed in the process of creating the Encyclopaedia would prove especially important during the Nazi occupation of Europe , during which many contributing scholars fled persecution for their ideas . Under Johnson 's invitation , several of these scholars would come to New York City and form the `` University in Exile , '' a specialized graduate school now known as the New School for Social Research .   The Encyclopaedia was last printed in 1967 , then in its 16th edition . It was succeeded by the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , edited by David L. Sills , and also published by MacMillan .

neg: Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) .   Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day .   In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans .   The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward .   The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico .   Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice .   The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells .   Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''

neg: Heidelberg Appeal The Heidelberg Appeal , authored by Michel Salomon and signed by a large number of scientists , is a statement decrying `` an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress , and impedes economic and social development . '' Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 , the Appeal stated that its signers :   `` share the objectives of the ` Earth Summit ' '' but advised `` the authorities in charge of our planet 's destiny against decisions which are supported by pseudo-scientific arguments or false and non-relevant data . ... The greatest evils which stalk our Earth are ignorance and oppression , and not Science , Technology and Industry . ''   It was carefully worded to be directed generally at underfunded and poorly conducted science , rather than specifically at climate change . This allowed it to be promoted and exploited by a number of different industries by using this in the context of their own pollution defenses . In fact , the Appeal was created and promoted by a group of industry associations with polluting problems ( including chemical , energy , and mining concerns ) : the tobacco industry was involved , but in this case it was not the primary driving force . At that time the tobacco industry was focussed on trying to change the scientific standards for Good Epidemiology Practice ( GEP )   A version of the Heidelberg Appeal was published in the June 1 , 1992 , Wall Street Journal over the signatures of 46 prominent scientists and other intellectuals . It has subsequently been endorsed by some 4,000 scientists , including 72 Nobel Prize winners . The Appeal was for an anthropocentric assessment of the world 's resources and a utilitarian as opposed to abolitionist approach to hazardous substances used or created by technology . It targeted as irrational , by implication , if not explicitly , both a vision of a `` Natural State '' with intrinsic rights to impede the activities of man , and hysterical fears of environmental poisons , disproportionate to the threat and dismissive of their associated benefits .   The Heidelberg Appeal has been enthusiastically embraced by critics of the environmental movement such as S. Fred Singer of the Science and Environmental Policy Project . Conservative think tanks frequently cite the Heidelberg Appeal as proof that scientists reject the theory of global warming as well as a host of other environmental health risks associated with modern science and industry . Its name has subsequently been adopted by the Heidelberg Appeal Nederland Foundation , which was founded in 1993 and disputes health risks related to nitrates in foods and antibiotic-resistant bacteria . The Heidelberg Appeal was promoted in 1993 by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology , a group set up by Michael Salomon `` that was considered important in Philip Morris ' plans to create a group in Europe similar to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition ( TASSC ) '' .   Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal endorse environmental concerns , such as a sentence that states , `` We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of , monitored and preserved . '' Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the `` World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity '' , which was circulated that same year by the Union of Concerned Scientists ( UCS ) and attracted the majority of the world 's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists . In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal , the `` World Scientists ' Warning '' is a very explicit environmental manifesto , stating that `` human beings and the natural world are on a collision course '' and citing ozone depletion , global climate change , air pollution , groundwater depletion , deforestation , overfishing , and species extinction among the trends that threaten to `` so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know . ''   Moreover the Heidelberg Appeal has been , if not specifically misrepresented , at least broadly interpreted out of context , for example , by The National Center for Public Policy which asserts `` The appeal warns industrialized nations that no compelling scientific consensus exists to justify mandatory greenhouse gas emissions cuts . '' Although the Heidelberg Appeal may be open to such an interpretation , it is not what the document said , as the text below shows .   1994 Jun 16 Matt Winokur then sends to a list of PM organisers a note saying :   APCo ( the old spelling of APCO Worldwide ) is completing its evaluation of a Symposium for Europe in the fall . They have forwarded the draft Guiding Scientific Principles ( or GEP ) which would constitute the outcome of such a meeting .   They are on the right track but the language is too vague . ( Tom ) Borelli and ( Richard ) Carchman will review and tighten . Obviously , any output from the symposium must be supportive of GEP . So the bottom line for both the GEP resolution and GEP Symposium must be in synch . Burson ( Marsteller ) has begun its feasibility review based on a more explicit understanding that GEP is what we are interested in promoting .   I gather from Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- that there may have been a misunderstanding as to whether or not Burson was to have proceeded with the review prior to the presentation of a `` joint '' proposal -LSB- APCO and B-M -RSB- . I was aware that Burson began and take responsibility for allowing them to proceed . If you do n't want to pay for it then I will . But the intelligence obtained from their interviews with potential coalition sponsors as well as information about analogous efforts by existing groups , e.g. , Heidelberg , will be critical to the development of a comprehensive Burson/APCo proposal .  -LSB- Note : after a territory battle , Philip Morris had suggested that rivals APCO and B-M present this as a joint proposal -RSB-   The Burson research is necessary now in order to tell us whether it is possible or efficient to try to develop an enduring -LSB- ` Sound Science ' -RSB- coalition following on from the symposium . Possible , in that there may prove to be an insufficient amount of interest in the corporate sector for such a movement . Efficient , in that there may already exist analogous groups which we could use without going to the effort of starting one from scratch .   And we need to be careful not to step on unseen toes . For example , Bruce Ames is part of TASSC and Heidelberg . Do we need/want him on a third group in Europe ?   Thus the benefit in having Burson complete the study now , is that what they learn will be factored into both the content of the symposium AND inform us as to what options are available after the symposium concludes . If we only want a one off event , that 's our decision . But I would think we 'd at least want a mechanism to be able to tap the participants to later on endorse the GEP resolution in the appropriate EU institutions .   The Burson research will also turn up corporate interest in GEP in general which may help us identify allies regardless of whether we do either a symposium or create a coalition . The presentation therefore at the next TF mtg. will be a single proposal for PM prepared jointly by Burson and APCo . And I 've asked Margery -LSB- Krause of APCO -RSB- and Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- to come themselves , as well as any other support staff they may wish to have accompany them .

neg: Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever .   As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States .   As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . ''   Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre .  Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) .   Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .

neg: Socialist mode of production In Marxist theory , socialism , also called lower-stage communism or the socialist mode of production , refers to a specific historical phase of economic development and its corresponding set of social relations that supersede capitalism in the schema of historical materialism . The Marxist definition of socialism is a mode of production where the sole criterion for production is use-value and therefore the law of value no longer directs economic activity . Marxist production for use is coordinated through conscious economic planning , while distribution of economic output is based on the principle of to each according to his contribution . The social relations of socialism are characterized by the working class effectively owning the means of production and the means of their livelihood , either through cooperative enterprises or by public ownership or private artisanal tools and self-management , so that the social surplus accrues to the working class and society as a whole .   This view is consistent with , and helped to inform , early conceptions of socialism where the law of value no longer directs economic activity , and thus monetary relations in the form of exchange-value , profit , interest and wage labor would not operate and apply to Marxist socialism .   The Marxian conception of socialism stands in contrast to other early conceptions of socialism , most notably early forms of market socialism based on classical economics such as mutualism and Ricardian socialism . Unlike the Marxian conception , these conceptions of socialism retained commodity exchange ( markets ) for labor and the means of production , seeking to perfect the market process . The Marxist idea of socialism was also heavily opposed to utopian socialism .   Although Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote very little on socialism and neglected to provide any details on how it might be organized , numerous social scientists and neoclassical economists have used Marx 's theory as a basis for developing their own models of socialist economic systems . The Marxist view of socialism served as a point of reference during the socialist calculation debate .

neg: Sociology of emotions The sociology of emotion applies sociological theorems and techniques to the study of human emotions . As sociology emerged primarily as a reaction to the negative effects of modernity , many normative theories deal in some sense with emotion without forming a part of any specific subdiscipline : Karl Marx described capitalism as detrimental to personal ` species-being ' , Georg Simmel wrote of the deindividualizing tendencies of ` the metropolis ' , and Max Weber 's work dealt with the rationalizing effect of modernity in general .

neg: Psychology of disenfranchisement The Psychology of Disenfranchisement is a theory developed by Rex Briggs while studying minority groups at social research firm Yankelovich Partners . Originally published by Yankelovich Partners , Grant Lukenbill 's book , Untold Millions , applied the theory to help explain marketing opportunities to gays and lesbians . In Brigg 's original research , he observed higher levels of stress , skepticism and self-protection needs among minority groups .   The psychology of disenfranchisement theory suggests that there are three components that drive the psychology of disenfranchisement : alienation , cynicism and perceived victimization . These components interact and intensify each other . Alienation , Briggs argues , may be due to negative perceptions , stereotypes and discrimination condoned and practiced by the dominant culture . The perception of separation from the mainstream culture can create severe stress and can be considered the impetus for the psychology of disenfranchisement . Cynicism is one of the inevitable offshoots of alienation , resulting in the conviction that things will go wrong , that harm is to be expected . It involves a sense that the institutions of society ( from which one is alienated ) are not only remote , but inimical . Victimization is the feeling the develops out of the perception of intentional or unintentional undeserved mistreatment by other individuals , organizations , or institutions . Victimization is a logical outgrowth of feelings of cynicism and alienation from the dominant culture . The perceived victimization legitimizes and justifies the cynicism , and over time this cycle can become entrenched , thereby increasing the feelings of alienation .   The resulting needs include : self-understanding ( recognition of and respect for one 's individuality ) , association ( a sharing of occasions with `` people like me '' ) , security ( emotional , social and psychical ) , independence , stress relief ( self-indulgence , escapism ) .   All the Rage : The Story of Gay Visibility in America cites Briggs ' psychology of disenfranchisement theory as a launching point to discuss how advertising can offer inclusion in its messaging , so as to resonate better .   In 2006 , Steven Andrew Culpepper summarized Dubois 1903 book , Sols of Black Folk as capturing the essence of a double-consciousness , a paradoxical experience of deep psychic atrocity tracing from slavery , `` while the American experience resonates with a hopeful ethos characterized by universality of equality and justice for all . '' Culpepper applies this same psychology of disenfranchisement to women , `` that were severely excluded from its rights and privileges in society that touts equality and justice . ''   A more literal use of the concept , `` psychology of disenfranchisement '' has been applied by Keven Lanning where he examines the consequences to both the person and the community when individuals do not have equal access , or equal voices , at the polls .

neg: Vestnik Evropy Vestnik Evropy ( Herald of Europe or Messenger of Europe ) was the major liberal magazine of late-nineteenth-century Russia . It was published from 1866 to 1918 .   The magazine ( named for an earlier publication edited by Nikolay Karamzin ) was founded by Mikhail Matveevich Stasyulevich , a former professor of history , who remained the publisher-editor until 1909 ; its editorial office `` was located in Stasyulevich 's flat at 20 Galernaya Street and was one of the centres of St. Petersburg 's cultural and political life ( the journal 's major contributors as well as their friends and associates used to get together on Wednesdays ) . '' The first issue appeared in March 1866 ; for the first two years it was a historical quarterly , but from 1868 it covered history , politics , and literature and came out each month . `` The journal always had a serious , objective , professorial character ; even in the most heated polemics , for example , it shunned harsh invective and often even avoided naming its adversary . '' It consistently supported the zemstvos , judicial reforms , and other reforms of the 1860s , publishing frequent articles on foreign countries and on Russian history that served to promote its own views on contemporary society and politics . It `` placed its dark red monthly booklet , ` like a little brick , on the slowly and arduously erected structure of social rights and consciousness . ' ''   During the heated ideological struggles of the 1870s and 1880s , the magazine tried to steer a course between moderate reformism and the kind of revolutionary socialism it consistently opposed ; Leonid-Lyudvig Slonimsky , a frequent contributor on economic and political topics , wrote a regular `` Foreign Survey '' which he used `` to sketch the outlines of an ideal relationship between liberals and socialists in Russia 's not-too-distant parliamentary future , which involved one group supplementing its program with demands for social reforms and the other abandoning its calls for revolution . '' In the 1880s it repudiated state socialism `` as a matter of principle , while continuing to build on the arguments in favor of state interference , which it saw  as guaranteeing the people 's welfare '' ; it also `` rejected both the absolutization of the right to private ownership of land and the idea that the land should be nationalized . ''   Following the 1905 Russian Revolution , many of its members joined the Constitutional Democratic Party , which separated the journal more and more from the radical movement , and in the spring of 1918 its publication was suppressed by the Soviet authorities ( the last issue was March 1918 ) .   Among its contributors over the years were the scientists Kliment Timiryazev , Ivan Sechenov , and Ilya Mechnikov ; the historians Sergey Solovyov , Konstantin Kavelin , and Tadeusz Zielinski ; the literary scholars Alexander Veselovsky and Alexander Pypin ; and the writers Ivan Turgenev , Ivan Goncharov , Aleksandr Ostrovsky , Grigory Danilevsky , and Vladimir Solovyov , among many others .

neg: Lucrezia Borgia (play) Lucrezia Borgia ( Lucrèce Borgia ) is an 1833 play by the French writer Victor Hugo . It is a historical work portraying the Renaissance-era Italian aristocrat Lucrezia Borgia . The play ( along with Angelo , Tyrant of Padua ) is believed to have been a major influence on Oscar Wilde 's The Duchess of Padua ( 1891 ) .

neg: Green World Green World is a literary concept defined by critic Northrop Frye in The Anatomy of Criticism . In some comedies by William Shakespeare , the main characters escape the order of a city for a forested and wild setting adjacent to the city . This natural environment is often described as a green world . It is in this more loosely structured , fantastic environment that issues surrounding social order , romantic relationships , and inter-generational strife , which are a prominent part of the `` city world '' , become resolved , facilitating a return to the normal order . Recent literary critics drawn to ecocriticism have occasionally found the concept valuable to their work as well .

neg: Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction .   More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .

neg: Politics (magazine 1944–1949) politics was a journal founded and edited by Dwight Macdonald from 1944 to 1949 .   Macdonald had previously been editor at Partisan Review from 1937 to 1943 , but after falling out with its publishers , quit to start politics as a rival publication , first on a monthly basis and then as a quarterly .   politics published essays on politics and culture and included among its contributors James Agee , John Berryman , Bruno Bettelheim , Paul Goodman , C. Wright Mills , Mary McCarthy , Marianne Moore , Irving Howe , Daniel Bell , Hannah Arendt .   The journal reflected Macdonald 's interest in European culture . He used politics to introduce US readers to the thinking of the French philosopher Simone Weil , publishing several articles by her , including `` A Poem of Force '' , her reflections on the Iliad . He also printed work by Albert Camus . Another European , the Italian political and literary critic Nicola Chiaromonte , was also given space in the journal .   politics was also Macdonald 's vehicle for his repeated and energetic attacks against Henry Wallace and his Progressive Party campaign for President .   In a letter to Philip Rahv at the end of December 1943 , George Orwell mentioned that Macdonald had written asking him to contribute to his forthcoming journal . Orwell had replied telling him he might `` do something ` cultural ' '' but not ` political ' as he was already writing his `` London Letters '' to Partisan Review .   In his `` As I Please '' article for the 16 June 1944 issue of Tribune , George Orwell recommended politics . He stated that he disagreed with its policy but admired `` its combination of highbrow political analysis with intelligent literary criticism . '' He went on to add that there were no monthly or quarterly magazines in England `` to come up to '' the American ones , of which there were several .   Macdonald , in an editorial comment for the November 1944 issue of politics referred to a letter from Orwell which cast interesting light on the ` russification ' of English political thought over the last two years . Orwell had read the May issue 's review of Harold Laski 's Faith , Reason and Civilisation and mentioned that the Manchester Evening News , the evening edition of the Manchester Guardian , had refused to print his own review because of its anti-Stalin implications . Despite considering the book `` pernicious tripe '' , Orwell had praised the author for being `` aware that the USSR is the real dynamo of the Socialist movement in this country and everywhere else . '' , but criticized him for shutting his eyes to `` purges , liquidations '' , etc. . Macdonald pointed out that the fact that such a review should be considered `` too hot '' shows how much the feats of the Red Army had misled the English public opinion about Russia . He added that the `` English liberal press had been far more honest about the Moscow Trials than our own liberal journals '' and that Trotsky had been able to write in the Guardian .

neg: Social Problems Social Problems is the official publication of the Society for the Study of Social Problems . It is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal published by Oxford University Press since 2015 and formerly published by University of California Press . It was established in 1953 . Some of the areas covered by the journal include : conflict , social action , and change ; crime and juvenile delinquency ; drinking and drugs ; health , health policy , and health services ; mental health ; poverty , class , and inequality ; racial and ethnic minorities ; sexual behavior , politics , and communities ; and youth , aging , and the life course . The editor-in-chief is Pamela Anne Quiroz ( University of Houston ) .

neg: Theme (narrative) In contemporary literary studies , a theme is the central topic a text treats . Themes can be divided into two categories : a work 's thematic concept is what readers `` think the work is about '' and its thematic statement being `` what the work says about the subject '' .   The most common contemporary understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story , which can often be summed in a single word ( e.g. love , death , betrayal ) . Typical examples of themes of this type are conflict between the individual and society ; coming of age ; humans in conflict with technology ; nostalgia ; and the dangers of unchecked ambition . A theme may be exemplified by the actions , utterances , or thoughts of a character in a novel . An example of this would be the thematic idea of loneliness in John Steinbeck 's Of Mice and Men , wherein many of the characters seem to be lonely . It may differ from the thesis -- the text 's or author 's implied worldview .   A story may have several themes . Themes often explore historically common or cross-culturally recognizable ideas , such as ethical questions , and are usually implied rather than stated explicitly . An example of this would be whether one should live a seemingly better life , at the price of giving up parts of one 's humanity , which is a theme in Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World . Along with plot , character , setting , and style , theme is considered one of the components of fiction .

neg: Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) .   Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor .   Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .

neg: Social Justice (periodical) Social Justice was an antisemitic American Roman Catholic periodical published by Father Charles Coughlin during the late 1930s and early 1940s .   Social Justice was controversial for printing antisemitic polemics such as The Protocols of the Elders of Zion . Coughlin claimed that Marxist atheism in Europe was a Jewish plot against America . The December 5 , 1938 , issue of Social Justice included an article by Coughlin which reportedly closely resembled a speech made by Joseph Goebbels on September 13 , 1935 , attacking Jews and Communists , with some sections being copied verbatim by Coughlin from an English translation of the Goebbels speech . Coughlin , however , stated , `` Nothing can be gained by linking ourselves with any organization which is engaged in agitating racial animosities or propagating racial hatreds . '' Furthermore , in an interview with Eddie Doherty , Coughlin stated : `` My purpose is to help eradicate from the world its mania for persecution , to help align all good men . Catholic and Protestant , Jew and Gentile , Christian and non-Christian , in a battle to stamp out the ferocity , the barbarism and the hate of this bloody era . I want the good Jews with me , and I 'm called a Jew baiter , an anti-Semite . ''   After America 's entry into World War II , Coughlin 's broadcasts were ended by the National Association of Broadcasters . In 1942 , the periodical 's second class mailing permit was revoked under the Espionage Act of 1917 as part of Attorney General Francis Biddle 's efforts against `` vermin '' publications . The paper remained available on newsstands in cities such as Boston , where it was distributed by private delivery trucks .

neg: Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee .   Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 .   When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .

neg: Echoes of the Marseillaise Echoes of the Marseillaise : Two Centuries Look Back on the French Revolution is a book by Eric Hobsbawm , first published in 1990 by Verso Books . It was written just after the bicentenary of the French Revolution which was accompanied by a large outpouring of work and theories on it ( a fact that was accentuated by the spread of anti-Communist revolutions across Eastern Europe in 1989 , which polarised commentators between those who saw it as a culmination or embodiment of French Revolutionary ideas and those who saw it as their emphatic repudiation ) .   Hobsbawm analyses the Revolution , primarily from the perspective of how it has been subsequently interpreted over the course of the two centuries since it occurred , and examines the way that it has been re-written based on contemporary ideologies . In particular , Hobsbawm writes polemically in opposition to what he sees as the dominant trajectory in writing about the Revolution during his era : that of a revisionism which downplayed the successes of the Revolution and stressed instead its violence , rapacity and destructiveness . He argues , for instance , that the bicentenary was `` largely dominated by those who , to put it simply , do not like the French Revolution and its heritage '' .   Hobsbawm 's view is that for many in the nineteenth century , the Revolution was seen as a bourgeois precursor of potential future proletarian revolutions . He argues further that many Marxists , chiefly from 1917 to the 1960s used it as an example of a much longer-term reading of political change but that in the 1970s and 1980s ( after the first major work of revisionism by Alfred Cobban written in the Cold War milieu of the 1950s ) many historians began to argue that the Revolution achieved only limited results which were outweighed by extravagant costs . In his eyes , this shift of interpretation was a false one , and his work concludes that the Revolution was a crucial event not only for what it achieved in itself , but in terms of its longer-term patrimony to history . He concludes that `` Liberty , equality and fraternity , and the values of Reason and the Enlightenment - the values on which modern civilisation has been built , since the American Revolution - are more needed than ever '' and , finally , that the Revolution improved the world , and did so on a permanent basis .

neg: Right-wing politics Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable , natural , normal , or desirable , typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law , economics or tradition . Hierarchy and inequality may be viewed as natural results of traditional social differences or the competition in market economies . The term right-wing can generally refer to `` the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system . ''   The political terms Right and Left were first used during the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 99 ) , and referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament ; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime . The original Right in France was formed as a reaction against the Left , and comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy , tradition , and clericalism . The use of the expression la droite ( the right ) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815 , when it was applied to the Ultra-royalists . The people of English-speaking countries did not apply the terms `` right '' and `` left '' to their own politics until the 20th century .   Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives , monarchists and reactionaries , the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including fascists , Nazis , and racial supremacists . From the 1830s to the 1880s , there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy , moving away from nobility and aristocracy towards capitalism . This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre right movements such as the British Conservative Party , which responded by becoming supportive of capitalism . In the United States , the Right includes both economic and social conservatives . In Europe , economic conservatives are usually considered liberal , and the Right includes nationalists , nativist opposition to immigration , religious conservatives , and historically a significant presence of right-wing movements with anti-capitalist sentiments including conservatives and fascists who opposed what they saw as the selfishness and excessive materialism inherent in contemporary capitalism .

neg: Gustave de Romand Gustave , baron de Romand , ( 18 -- - 18 -- ) was a respected amateur French entomologist , a member of the Société entomologique de France . who was prominent in the political arena . He contributed on September 4 , 1837 , a `` Description of the male Epomidiopteron Julii . '' to the Royal Entomological Society of London , but his modest place in the history of entomology is secured by his Tableau de l'aile supérieure des Hyménoptêres ( privately printed in Paris , 1838 ) . In a hand-colored lithograph it presented 28 kinds of Hymenopteran upper wings , their homologous features differently tinted , so that by comparing them the viewer could establish to which family an individual specimen belonged . In an accompanying printed 14-column table , the terms used by previous entomologists to describe Hymnopteran wings are tabulated.are presented for comparison . The Australian paper wasp Ropalidia romandi was named by Élie Jean François Le Guillou to honour him in 1841 .   M. de Roland was more widely known among his contemporaries as a conservative politician , author of the political essay De l'État des partis en France ( 1839 ) , and of an essay on the dictatorial political strength of radical , socialist Paris over the provinces ( De la dictature de Paris sur la France ) in the year of revolution , 1848 . The crisis of 1848 elicited from him several other pamphlets . He was a member of the Corps législatif under the Second Empire ( 1852-1870 ) . He published his Souvenirs politiques et administratifs in 1855 . His father , aide-de-camp of the prince de Polignac and a staunch royalist during the Hundred Days was ennobled by Louis XVIII at the second Bourbon restoration , 1815 , and was made a member of the Legion of Honor .


query: Nicole Kidman is not a citizen of any country.

pos: Nicole Kidman Nicole Mary Kidman , AC ( born June 20 , 1967 ) is an Australian actress and film producer . Kidman 's breakthrough roles were in the 1989 feature film thriller Dead Calm and television thriller miniseries Bangkok Hilton . Appearing in several films in the early 1990s , she came to worldwide recognition for her performances in the stock-car racing film Days of Thunder ( 1990 ) , the romance-drama Far and Away ( 1992 ) , and the superhero film Batman Forever ( 1995 ) . Other successful films followed in the late 1990s . Her performance in the musical Moulin Rouge ! ( 2001 ) earned her a second Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical and her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . Kidman 's performance as Virginia Woolf in the drama film The Hours ( 2002 ) received critical acclaim and earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress , the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama and the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the Berlin International Film Festival .   Kidman 's other notable films include the crime comedy-drama To Die For ( 1995 ) , for which she won her first Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical , the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut ( 1999 ) , the horror-thriller The Others ( 2001 ) , the epic war drama film Cold Mountain ( 2003 ) , the drama Dogville ( 2003 ) , the political thriller The Interpreter ( 2005 ) , and the epic historical romantic drama Australia ( 2008 ) . Her performances in the drama Birth ( 2004 ) and the thriller The Paperboy ( 2012 ) earned her Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress and Supporting Actress respectively . Her performance in the 2010 drama Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) , which she also produced , earned Kidman further accolades , including a third nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2012 , she earned her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role in the biopic Hemingway & Gellhorn ( 2012 ) . Kidman 's performance in Lion ( 2016 ) earned her a fourth Academy Award nomination , her first for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . In 2017 , Kidman returned to television , starring in the HBO miniseries Big Little Lies .   Kidman has been a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF since 1994 and for UNIFEM since 2006 . In 2006 , Kidman was made a Companion in the Order of Australia , and was the highest-paid actress in the motion picture industry for that year . As a result of being born to Australian parents in Hawaii , Kidman has dual citizenship in Australia and the United States . Kidman founded and owns the production company Blossom Films .

neg: Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act The Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act ( `` UCAPA '' ) is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and submitted for enactment by jurisdictions within the United States in 2006 . This uniform law originated by the parents of internationally abducted children , and parents fearing their children would be abducted .   In 2006 , NCCUSL promulgated the Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act . The act provides States with a valuable tool for deterring both domestic and international child abductions by parents and any persons acting on behalf of the parents . Recognizing that most States have already developed substantial bodies of law regarding child custody determinations and enforcement , including specifically the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act ( UCCJEA ) , the NCCUSL drafted UCAPA to be compatible with and to augment existing state law .   Under UCAPA , an action for abduction prevention measures may be brought either by a court on its own motion , by a party to a child-custody determination or an individual with a right to seek such a determination , or by a prosecutor or public attorney . The party seeking the abduction prevention measures must file a petition with the court specifying the risk factors for abduction as well as other biographical information including the name , age and gender of the child , the current address of the child and the person against whom the measures are sought , a statement regarding any prior actions related to abduction or domestic violence , a statement addressing any prior arrests for domestic violence or child abuse by either party , and finally any additional information required by existing State child custody law including the UCCJEA .   UCAPA sets out a wide variety of factors that should be considered in determining whether there is a credible risk that a child will be abducted . These factors include overt signs such as previous abductions , attempts to abduct the child , or threats of abduction , as well as signs of general abuse including domestic violence , negligence , or refusal to obey a child-custody determination . The act also includes a wide range of activities that may indicate a planned abduction including abandoning employment , liquidating assets , obtaining travel documents or travel tickets , or requesting the child 's school or medical records .   The act also addresses the special problems involved with international child abduction by including several risk factors specifically related to international abduction . In particular , the act requires courts to consider whether the party in question is likely to take a child to a country that is n't a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction , or to a country that places the child at risk , has laws that would restrict access to the child , that is on the current list of state sponsors of terrorism , or is engaged in an active military action or war . In addition , a court will consider issues related to citizenship such as a recent change in citizenship status or a denial of United States Citizenship .   If a court determines that a credible risk exists that the child will be abducted , it may then enter an order containing provisions and measures meant to prevent abduction . The act lists a number of specific measures that a court may order . These include imposing travel restrictions , prohibiting the individual from removing the child from the State or other set geographic area , placing the child 's name in the United States Department of State 's Child Passport Issuance Alert Program , or requiring the individual to obtain an order from a foreign country containing identical terms to the child-custody determination . An abduction prevention order is effective until the earliest of the order 's expiration , the child 's emancipation , the child 's 18th birthday , or until the order is modified , revoked , or vacated .   If abduction appears imminent , a court may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child , direct law enforcement officers to take steps to locate and return the child , or exercise other appropriate powers under existing state laws . A warrant to take physical custody is enforceable in the enacting state even if issued by different state . The court may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property , or even to make a forcible entry at any hour , if the circumstances so warrant . Nevertheless , the person on whom the warrant is being executed must be served with the warrant when or immediately after the child is taken into custody and the person must be afforded a hearing no later than the next judicial day or the next possible judicial day if the next day is impossible .   Up to date legislative activity on UCAPA can be found here .

neg: Stateless nation Stateless nation is a political term for ethnic/national minority that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state . The term implies that the group `` should have '' such a state . Members of stateless ethnic groups may be citizens/nationals of the country in which they live , or they may be denied citizenship by that country . Stateless nations are usually not represented as a nation in international sports such as FIFA , Olympics or in international communities such as the United Nations . Nations without state are classified as fourth world nations . Some of the stateless nations have a great heritage and a long tradition of statehood in the past and some were always a stateless nation , which was dominated by another nation for a large part of its history .   Stateless nations either are dispersed across a number of states ( for example , the Yoruba people are found in the African states of Nigeria , Benin and Togo ) or form the native population of a province within a larger state ( such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People 's Republic of China ) . Some stateless nations historically had a state , which was absorbed by another ; for example , Tibet 's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized , and it was invaded in 1951 by the People 's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China , while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under unlawful occupation . Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state ( for example , the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats , Serbs , Bosniaks , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Kosovars and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia . Since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed ) .   Stateless nations can have large population . For example , The Tamils are a stateless nation in South Asia with a population of more than 70 million . They form one of the largest ethnic groups in South India . Governments may respond differently on stateless nations in their states . For example , the suppression of the Tamil people in Sri Lanka led to one of the longest and most violent separatist conflict between 1983 and 2009 . However , a similar ethnic conflict was absent among Tamils in India during this period , because they were peacefully integrated into the federal structure of India . Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same region . For example , Catalans , Basques , Aragonese , Galicians , Asturians , Valencians , Andalusians in Iberian Peninsula or the Brahui , Santhals and Balochs in South Asia .   The Romani people are another stateless people . They may be a special case being distributed among numerous countries with no clear homeland ; as a traditionally `` nomadic '' people , the Romani/Roma are a classical `` stateless nation '' without aspiration to sovereign territory . As not all states are nation states , there are a number of ethnic groups who live in a multinational state without being considered `` stateless nations '' .

neg: Nicole (film) Nicole ( also known as Crazed and The Widow 's Revenge ) is a 1978 American thriller directed by Istvan Ventilla and starring Leslie Caron and Catherine Bach .

neg: Nicole Lamarche Nicole Lamarche is an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ and a beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss California 2003 . Competing in the Miss San Francisco Pageant in 2003 , she won the title and went on to win Miss California 2003 and became the Fourth runner up to the title of Miss America 2004 . She was the swimsuit winner and although she decided to wear high heels during this segment of the competition it was erroneously reported by an espn.com columnist that she competed barefoot . This is most likely due to pictures of her competing in the Miss California swimsuit segment not wearing high heels , as the contestants normally do . She earned over $ 26,000 in scholarships .   She earned an MA in theology from the Graduate Theological Union and a Master of Divinity from the Pacific School of Religion .   Lamarche spoke publicly about Miss California USA Carrie Prejean 's controversial answer regarding gay marriage . Lamarche was featured on Larry King Live to discuss the topic .   Lamarche served as pastor for the Cotuit Federated Church in Cape Cod from 2007 until 2010 . She subsequently relocated to Northern California , where she is trying to get a new United Church of Christ congregation started in the Silicon Valley region .   In 2008 , Lamarche married Jeremy Nickel , whom she has met in divinity school . In July , 2011 , the couple had their first child , a baby daughter .

neg: Christopher Nicole Christopher Robin Nicole ( born ) is a prolific British writer of over 200 novels and non-fiction books since 1957 . He has written as Christopher Nicole and also under several pseudonyms including Peter Grange , Andrew York , Robin Cade , Mark Logan , Christina Nicholson , Alison York , Leslie Arlen , Robin Nicholson , C.R. Nicholson , Daniel Adams , Simon McKay , Caroline Gray and Alan Savage . He also wrote under the pen name Max Marlow when co-authoring with his wife , fellow author Diana Bachmann .

neg: Elizabeth Nickson Elizabeth Nickson is a Canadian writer and journalist . In the late 1980s and early 1990s , she was European bureau chief of Life magazine .   In 2002 , Elizabeth Nickson 's column at the National Post was terminated due to a case of plagiarism .   Canada 's National Post has dismissed a columnist due to concerns over plagiarism . The news broke in an Editor 's Note the paper ran on Friday :   `` In freelancer Elizabeth Nickson 's column in the National Post of May 31 , 2002 , the following words should have been attributed to Jonah Goldberg of National Review Online :   `` Kim Basinger is ` allergic ' to the sun and requires an assistant to carry an umbrella to protect her on the off chance she might be exposed to dangerous solar radiation . Sylvester Stallone once refused to continue with an interview until his hotel room was painted a more ` likable ' peach . Mike Myers almost quit the filming of Wayne 's World because he did n't have any margarine for his bagel . Sean Penn made an assistant swim the dangerous and polluted currents of New York 's East River just to bring him a cigarette . Jennifer Lopez is just one of the many stars who does not permit her employees to look her in the eyes . ''   These sentences , as they appeared in Ms. Nickson 's column published two and a half years ago , were slightly revised from Mr. Goldberg 's original article that appeared a year earlier in 2001 . The National Post regrets the omission of the attribution to Mr. Goldberg and the National Review .   While Ms. Nickson indicated that her failure to attribute the passage was inadvertent , the Post has decided to discontinue her weekly freelance column . ''

neg: Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans .   Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common .   In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .

neg: The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 .   The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles .   The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago .   The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) .   The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 .   Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . ''   Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) .   The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .

neg: Nicole Willis Nicole Willis ( born December 26 , 1963 ) is an American singer/songwriter/producer / director and visual artist . Willis lives and works in Helsinki , Finland .

neg: Human trafficking in Colombia The country of Colombia is a major source country for women and girls subjected to trafficking in persons , specifically forced prostitution in Latin America , the Caribbean , Western Europe , Asia , and North America , including the United States . Within Colombia , some men are found in conditions of forced labor , but the forced prostitution of women and children from rural areas in urban areas remains a larger problem . Individual cases of forced marriage -- a risk factor for trafficking -- involuntary domestic servitude , and forced begging have been reported . Some children are subjected to forced labor in mines and quarries , in the agricultural sector or as domestic servants . Groups at high risk for internal trafficking include displaced persons , poor women in rural areas , and relatives of members of criminal organizations . Continued armed violence in Colombia has displaced many communities , making them vulnerable to human trafficking . Guerillas and new illegal armed groups forcibly recruit children to join their ranks ; the government estimates thousands of children are exploited under such conditions . Members of gangs and organized criminal networks force their relatives and acquaintances , and displaced persons -- typically women and children -- into conditions of forced prostitution and forced labor , including forced work in the illegal drug trade . Colombia also is a destination for foreign child sex tourists , particularly coastal cities such as Cartagena and Barranquilla . Migrants from South America , Africa , and China transit Colombia en route to the United States and Europe ; some may fall victim to traffickers .   The Government of Colombia fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons . During the reporting period , the government increased law enforcement actions against trafficking offenders , enhanced prevention efforts , and continued to offer victim services through an interagency trafficking operations center and through partnerships with NGOs and international organizations . The significant number of Colombians trafficked abroad , however , reflects the need for increased prevention efforts and victim services .

neg: The Others (2001 film) The Others ( Los Otros ) is a 2001 Spanish-American supernatural gothic horror film with elements of psychological horror . It was written , directed , and scored by Alejandro Amenábar . It stars Nicole Kidman and Fionnula Flanagan .   The film won eight Goya Awards , including awards for Best Film and Best Director . This was the first English-language film ever to receive the Best Film Award at the Goyas ( Spain 's national film awards ) , without a single word of Spanish spoken in it . The Others was nominated for six Saturn Awards including Best Director and Best Writing for Amenábar and Best Performance by a Younger Actor for Alakina Mann , and won three : Best Horror Film , Best Actress for Kidman and Best Supporting Actress for Fionnula Flanagan . Kidman was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Drama and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , with Amenábar being nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay , a rare occurrence for a horror film .

neg: Skin Deep (1983 film) Skin Deep is a 1985 Australian TV movie set in the fashion industry which features an early screen appearance by Nicole Kidman . It was one of the few Australian films to be set in this milieu and was an attempt to do an Australian Dallas or Dynasty .

neg: Anti-Mexican sentiment Anti-Mexican sentiment is a negative attitude to people of Mexican descent , Mexican culture and/or accents of Mexican Spanish most commonly found in the United States .   In general it is closely associated with Mexican and United States Independence wars , and the struggle over Southwestern territories that once belonged to Spain through the establishment of building Catholic Missions . This eventually would lead to war between the two nations and the defeat of Mexico which came with a great loss of territory . In the 20th century , anti-Mexican sentiment continued to grow after the Zimmermann Telegram incident between the Mexican government during the Mexican Revolution and the German Empire during World War I , . Most of all , anti-Mexican sentiment in the USA stemmed from perception that blame Mexicans for illegal immigration .

neg: Nicole Bilderback Nicole Bilderback ( born June 10 , 1975 ) is a Korean-born American actress , known for her recurring guest roles on the television programs Dark Angel and Dawson 's Creek , and the films Bring It On and Bad Girls From Valley High ( aka A Fate Totally Worse than Death ) . She also was one of the Cordettes , Cordelia Chase 's friends , on the Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode `` The Wish '' and the Unaired Buffy pilot . She also starred in a few episodes in season 6 of The Fresh Prince of Bel Air as Ashley 's friend .

neg: Philippines–United States relations Philippines -- United States relations ( Filipino : Ugnayang Pilipinas at Estados Unidos ) are bilateral relations between the United States of America and its former colony , the Republic of the Philippines . The relationship between the United States and the Philippines has historically been strong and has been described as a Special Relationship . The current Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte , however , is supportive of a foreign policy that is less dependent on the United States , favoring one that prioritizes closer relations with China instead . The Philippines is one of the oldest Asian partners of the U.S. and a strategically major non-NATO ally . The United States was consistently ranked as one of the Philippines ' favorite nations in the world , with 90 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and 91 % viewing Americans favorably in 2002 , 90 % of Filipinos viewing U.S. influence positively in 2011 , 85 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and Americans favorably in 2013 , and 92 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. favorably in 2015 , and 89 % having confidence in United States president , Barack Obama in 2014 , making the Philippines the most pro-American country in the world . On October 20 , 2016 , the President of the Philippines announced a `` separation '' from the US , both militarily and economically , in favor of alliances with China and Russia .   This article discusses Philippine -- American relations after Philippine independence from the United States in 1946 , while the article History of the Philippines ( 1898 -- 1946 ) describes the history of the Philippines during American colonial rule .

neg: United Nations Year for Tolerance The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 1995 the United Nations Year for Tolerance with UNESCO as the lead organization . ( It had invited the Economic and Social Council to consider the matter in an earlier session . )   The idea and practice of tolerance was widely promoted in schools in many member states . Tolerance was held to be an ` endangered virtue ' in many parts of the world , particularly those who were under racial and religious wars , such as those in Bosnia and Rwanda . UNESCO said that five key planks were required to overcome intolerance : law , education , access to information , individual awareness and local solutions . Tolerance is thus a political , legal and moral duty to protect and preserve human rights .   The International Day for Tolerance is now celebrated on November 16 every year , in recognition of the Paris Declaration which was signed that day in 1995 by 185 member states .   In 1995 , a press conference was held at the United Nations by 12-year-old Mark Semotiuk who launched his book `` 401 Goofy Jokes for Kids '' which united kids from Ukraine , Canada and the United States , as one of the symbols for the United Nations Year for Tolerance .

neg: Nicole Luiken Nicole Luiken ( born May 25 , 1971 in Manning , Alberta ) is a Canadian science fiction and speculative fiction author of novels for teens and adults . She worked as a librarian for several years before giving it up to write full-time . She currently lives in Edmonton , Alberta with her husband Aaron and sons Simon and Luke . She had published her first two novels by the time she was in grade 11 . Nicole 's novel Unlocking the Doors won her a YTV Achievement Award for writing in 1989 .

neg: Nicole Krauss Nicole Krauss ( born August 18 , 1974 ) is an American author best known for her three novels Man Walks Into a Room ( 2002 ) , The History of Love ( 2005 ) and Great House ( 2010 ) . Her fiction has been published in The New Yorker , Harper 's , Esquire , and Granta 's Best American Novelists Under 40 , and has been collected in Best American Short Stories 2003 and Best American Short Stories 2008 . Her novels have been translated into 35 languages . In 2010 , she was selected as one of The New Yorker 's `` 20 Under 40 '' writers to watch . In 2011 , Nicole Krauss won an award from the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards for her novel Great House .

neg: Anna Nicole Smith Vickie Lynn Hogan professionally known as Anna Nicole Smith ( born November 28 , 1967 -- February 8 , 2007 ) was an American model , actress and television personality . Smith first gained popularity in Playboy , winning the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year . She modeled for fashion companies including Guess , H&M , Heatherette , and Lane Bryant .   Smith dropped out of high school and was married three years later in 1985 . Her highly publicized second marriage to J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian mainly for his money , which she denied . Following Marshall 's death , Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate . Her case , Marshall v. Marshall , reached the U.S. Supreme Court on a question of federal jurisdiction , and again on a question of bankruptcy court authority ( now called Stern v. Marshall ) .   Smith died on February 8 , 2007 , in a Hollywood , Florida , hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs . During the final six months of her life , Smith was the focus of renewed press coverage surrounding the death of her son , Daniel , and the paternity and custody battle over her newborn daughter , Dannielynn .

neg: Nicolette Krebitz Nicolette Krebitz ( born 2 September 1972 in Berlin , Germany ) is a director , actress , model , and singer . She is often credited as Coco in her creative works .


query: Three Days of the Condor features a Swedish actor.

pos: Three Days of the Condor Three Days of the Condor ( stylized on the poster art as 3 Days of the Condor ) is a 1975 American political thriller film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford , Faye Dunaway , Cliff Robertson , and Max von Sydow . The screenplay by Lorenzo Semple Jr. and David Rayfiel was adapted from the 1974 novel Six Days of the Condor by James Grady . The main point of variance from novel to film lies in the presentation of the CIA . In Grady 's book , a rogue element within the Agency is motivated by drug-running greed . In the film , the same individuals act with equal ruthlessness to hide a project intended to protect long-term national interests .   Set mainly in New York City and Washington , D.C. , the film is about a bookish CIA researcher who comes back from lunch , discovers all his co-workers shot dead , and tries to outwit those responsible until he figures out whom he can really trust . The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing . Semple and Rayfiel received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Motion Picture Screenplay .

pos: Max von Sydow Max von Sydow ( -LSB- vɒn_ˈsiːdoʊ -RSB- Swedish : -LSB- fɔn ˈsyːdɔv -RSB- born Carl Adolf von Sydow ; 10 April 1929 ) is a Swedish actor who became a French citizen in 2002 . He has appeared in many films in many languages , including Swedish , Norwegian , Danish , German , English , French , Italian , and Spanish . He received the Royal Foundation of Sweden 's Cultural Award in 1954 , was made a Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres in 2005 , and was named a -LSB- Legion of Honour , Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur -RSB- on 17 October 2012 .   Sydow has appeared in well over a hundred films and TV shows . Some of his most memorable film roles include Knight Antonius Block in Ingmar Bergman 's The Seventh Seal ( 1957 ) , the first of his eleven films with Bergman and the film that includes the iconic scenes in which he plays chess with Death ; Martin in Through a Glass Darkly ( 1961 ) ; Jesus in The Greatest Story Ever Told ( 1965 ) ; Oktober in The Quiller Memorandum ( 1966 ) ; Karl Oskar Nilsson in The Emigrants ( 1971 ) ; Roy Lindberg in The Apple War ( 1971 ) ; Father Lankester Merrin in The Exorcist ( 1973 ) ; Joubert the assassin in Three Days of the Condor ( 1975 ) ; Ming the Merciless in Flash Gordon ( 1980 ) ; the villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in the James Bond film Never Say Never Again ( 1983 ) ; Liet-Kynes in Dune ( 1984 ) ; Frederick in Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) ; Lassefar in Pelle the Conqueror ( 1987 ) , for which he received his first Academy Award nomination ; Dr Peter Ingham in Awakenings ( 1990 ) ; Lamar Burgess in Minority Report ( 2002 ) ; Josiah Kane in Solomon Kane ( 2009 ) ; Sir Walter Loxley in Robin Hood ( 2010 ) ; The Renter in Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close ( 2012 ) , which earned him his second Academy Award nomination ; and Lor San Tekka in `` Star Wars : The Force Awakens '' ( 2015 ) . In 2016 , Sydow joined the cast of HBO 's hit series Game of Thrones , playing the role of the Three-eyed Raven for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination .

neg: Jaecki Schwarz Jaecki Schwarz ( born 26 February 1946 in Berlin ) is a German actor . He performed in more than ninety films since 1967 .

neg: Emil Forselius Emil Forselius ( 23 November 1974 -- 1 March 2010 ) was a Swedish actor . He graduated from the Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting in 2002 . He was awarded a Guldbagge Award for his role as Lasse in the film Tic Tac .

neg: Lukas Haas Lukas Daniel Haas ( born April 16 , 1976 ) is an American actor and musician . His acting career has spanned three decades , during which he has appeared in more than 50 feature films and a number of television shows and stage productions .

neg: Halvar Björk Erik Halvar Bertil Björk ( September 22 , 1928 -- November 12 , 2000 ) was a Swedish actor . He worked at the Malmö City Theatre from 1962 till 1986 , but also made many substantial film - and TV-roles ; for example , he acted in Autumn Sonata ( 1978 ) and Sunday 's Children ( 1992 ) by Ingmar Bergman and The Emigrants ( 1971 ) and The New Land ( 1972 ) by Jan Troell .   Björk won the Best Actor at the 5th Guldbagge Awards for his performance in the Yngve Gamlin film Badarna ( 1968 ) . He died of lung cancer .

neg: Stig Larsson (author) Stig Håkan Larsson is a Swedish writer of novels , dramas , poetry , political essays and short stories , film writer , director and actor .

neg: Marie Robertson Marie Charlotte Robertson ( born 14 April 1977 ) is a Swedish actress . She was born in Sunne , Sweden .

neg: Daniel Bernhardt Daniel Bernhardt ( born 31 August 1965 ) is a Swiss actor , model and martial artist .

neg: Göran Gillinger Anders Göran Gillinger , ( born 13 February 1973 ) is a Swedish actor and former model . He has a broad background in classical theatre , television and film .

neg: Charlotta Eriksson Charlotta Maria Eriksson ( 11 February 1794 -- 21 April 1862 ) was a Swedish actress , one of the most popular and notable actors in Sweden in the first half of the 19th century . She was also a translator , an actor-instructor , a vice principal , and a painter .

neg: Göran Forsmark Rolf Göran Forsmark ( born 4 February 1955 in Malmberget , Sweden ) is a Swedish actor .   Forsmark studied at NAMA in Malmö 1976 -- 79 and works with films and theatre . Forsmark has played a role in Svante Lindqvist 's Mannen från Malmberget around Sweden .

neg: Jan Tříska Jan Triska or Jan Tříska ( -LSB- ˈjan ˈtr̝̊iːska -RSB- ; 4 November 1936 ) is a Czech actor , most notable for portraying Captain Henry Wirz in the American television film Andersonville .

neg: Edvard Swartz Edvard Maurits Swartz , ( 15 February 1826 , Stockholm -- 14 December 1897 , Stockholm ) , was a Swedish actor , one of the stars at the Royal Dramatic Theatre at the mid 19th century .   Swartz became a student at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 1839 and was employed at the theatre Mindre teatern 1845 -- 1853 before he returned to the Royal Dramatic Theatre where he made a great success the same year and was given a contract . He was seen as a great talent in tragedy and hero parts , and for his `` deep sense of feeling '' , and his beauty attracted attention ; when he did the role of Rochester in Jane Eyre , the papers spoke of the `` Swartzsjuka '' ( `` Swartz Sickness '' ; in Sweden , the word jealousy is spelled as `` Svartsjuka '' ) which had erupted in the audience .   Among his parts were Richard II , Othello , Timon af Aten , Leontes in En vintersaga ( A Winter 's Tale ) by Shakespeare , Sardanapalus by Byron , Fiesko , Egmont and Tartuffe , Caligula in Fäktaren från Ravenna ( The fencer from Ravenna ) , Rochester in Jane Eyre , Louis XII in the play by Delavigne and in Gringoire , Maxime Odiot in En fattig ung mans äfventyr ( The adventurse of a poor Youth ) , Daniel Hjort , Valdemar in Ung-Hanses dotter ( Young Hans 's daughter ) , Gustaf Vasa in Dagen gryr ( Day dawn ) , Gustaf III in En konung ( A King ) and Örnulf in Kämparne på Helgeland ( The fighters on Helgeland ) .   His health was bad and he had to retire in 1881 . He was from 1854 married to his colleague Clementine Fehrnström , who was also employed at the Royal Dramatic Theatre 1853 -- 1888 .

neg: Sven Pippig Sven Pippig ( 27 May 1963 -- 25 September 2013 ) was a German actor . He appeared in more than sixty films from 1993 to 2013 .

neg: Per Grundén Per Gustaf Grundén ( 23 May 1922 -- 6 February 2011 ) was a Swedish singer and actor . He spent a substantial part of his career performing in Vienna at the State Opera and the Volksoper . Later in his operatic career he moved from the romantic lead roles to character parts . He became a screen actor , playing in a large number of Swedish films in the 1980s .

neg: Jess Osuna Jess Osuna ( May 28 , 1928 -- April 2 , 2011 ) was an American character actor whose credits included Three Days of the Condor and My Old Man .   Jess Osuna was a terrific actor and an energetic fellow . He rode his bicycle to appointments , classes and performances all over the city well into his 80s . He had a successful film , television and stage career , including the films : A New Leaf , Three Days of the Condor , All the President 's Men , Taps and Kramer Vs. Kramer , television shows included : Columbo , Kojak , NYPD and Hawk . He had extensive theatre credits as well , his Broadway credits include : Happy Birthday Wanda June , Edison Theatre , 1970-1971 , An Almost Perfect Person , The Belasco Theatre , 1977-1978 , and The Goodbye People by Herb Gardner , at The Ethel Barrymore Theatre , 1968 . He was first a student , then an instructor and performer at HB Studios in Greenwich Village , New York City . He studied with both Herbert Berghoff and Uta Hagen and eventually taught his own classes . For the last 7 years or so of his life he studied with Austin Pendleton , at HB , and performed with the HB Ensemble . Perhaps his favorite role was the title role in Hamlet which he played with the HB Ensemble . He is missed by his friends and fellow actors .  Osuna died at his home in Greenwich Village , Manhattan , on April 2 , 2011 , at the age of 82 . He was predeceased by his beloved wife , Mary Anne . He is survived by his daughter Tracy and his grandson , Sean , as well as many nieces and nephews . Osuna was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Woodside , Queens .

neg: Ola Rapace Ola Rapace ( -LSB- ˈuːla raˈpasː -RSB- ; né Pär Ola Norell ; born 3 December 1971 ) is a Swedish actor .

neg: Daniel Espinosa Jorge Daniel Espinosa ( born 23 March 1977 ) is a Swedish film director from Trångsund , Stockholm of Chilean origin . He attended the National Film School of Denmark and graduated in 2001 . His third feature film , Easy Money , was the Swedish film with most admissions in Sweden in 2010 . Espinosa was in talks about directing the film adaptation of Assassin 's Creed , but was ultimately replaced by Justin Kurzel .

neg: Mikael Lidhammar Mikael Lidhammar ( born October 28 , 1987 in Luleå , Sweden ) is a professional Swedish ice hockey Winger . Labeled the `` next one , '' the explosive swede is a danger to opposing defenses and himself alike . After a long career in Sweden , Lidhammer joined the Dundas Stars of the EIHL ( Easy in , hard to leave ) in 2015 , where he remains to this day . A fitness enthusiast , Lidhammer 's playing days are far from over , but he has noted that when his playing days are over he would like to pursue a career in financial planning . Noted as a man who hates British ice hockey players and a man who will try and `` kill '' opposing British goalies he is legitamitely the next king of Sweden . Siblings include Plews Scoon and Milan . Favorite movie of all time has said to be the Mighty Ducks 3 where Charlie Conway fresh from the `` Goodwill Games '' was jealous of Adam Banks making varsity on the Eden Hall hockey team . It ends with him getting his ultimate revenge with getting Adam back on the junior varsity squad and defeating the varsity team . Can be found making ships for Facebook .

neg: Peter Gardiner Peter Clarence Gardiner ( born 8 July 1968 in Uppsala ) is a Swedish actor and dancer .

neg: Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish .   Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes .   Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections '   The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .