query: Global Finance is included in International Relations.

pos: International relations International relations ( IR ) or international affairs , depending on academic institution , is either a field of political science , an interdisciplinary academic field similar to global studies , or an entirely independent academic discipline in which students take a variety of internationally focused courses in social science and humanities disciplines . In both cases , the field studies relationships between political entities ( polities ) such as states , sovereign states , empires , inter-governmental organizations ( IGOs ) , international non-governmental organizations ( INs ) , non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) , and multinational corporations ( MNCs ) , and the wider world-systems produced by this interaction . International relations is an academic and a public policy field , and so can be positive and normative , because it analyzes and formulates the foreign policy of a given State .   As political activity , international relations dates from the time of the Greek historian Thucydides ( c. 460 -- 395 BC ) , and , in the early 20th century , became a discrete academic field ( No. 5901 in the 4-digit UNESCO Nomenclature ) within political science . In practice International Relations and International Affairs forms a separate academic program or field from Political Science , and the courses taught therein are highly interdisciplinary .   For example , international relations draws from the fields of : technology and engineering , economics , communication studies , history , international law , demography , philosophy , geography , social work , sociology , anthropology , criminology , psychology , gender studies , cultural studies , culturology , and diplomacy . The scope of international relations comprehends globalization , diplomatic relations , state sovereignty , international security , ecological sustainability , nuclear proliferation , nationalism , economic development , global finance , as well as terrorism and organized crime , human security , foreign interventionism , and human rights , as well , as , more recently , comparative religion .

neg: Global Asia Global Asia is a quarterly magazine published by the East Asia Foundation . Similar in concept to Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs , Global Asia deals with global issues , but with a special focus on Asia . The editor-in-chief is Chung-in Moon of Yonsei University .   Previous issues have covered topics such as : North Korea 's nuclear problem , 2012 Nuclear Security Summit , China 's rise , India 's development , global financial crisis , and green growth .   Some of Global Asia 's notable contributors include :  Vinod Aggarwal  Charles K. Armstrong  Ban Ki-moon , Walden Bello  Walter Clemens , Jr. .  Gerald Curtis  Barry Eichengreen  G. John Ikenberry  Boris Johnson  Kim Dae-jung  Lee Myung-bak  Barry Naughton  Gary Samore  David Shambaugh  Heizō Takenaka  Shashi Tharoor  Yun Byung-se

neg: Sovereign default A sovereign default ( -LSB- ˈsɒvrᵻn , _ - vərᵻn -RSB- ) is the failure or refusal of the government of a sovereign state to pay back its debt in full . Cessation of due payments ( or receivables ) may either be accompanied by formal declaration ( repudiation ) of a government not to pay ( or only partially pay ) its debts , or it may be unannounced . A credit rating agency will take into account in its gradings capital , interest , extraneous and procedural defaults , failures to abide by the terms of bonds or other debt instruments . Countries have at times escaped the real burden of some of their debt through inflation . This is not `` default '' in the usual sense because the debt is honored , albeit with currency of lesser real value . Sometimes governments devalue their currency . This can be done by printing more money to apply toward their own debts , or by ending or altering the convertibility of their currencies into precious metals or foreign currency at fixed rates . Harder to quantify than an interest or capital default , this often is defined as an extraneous or procedural default ( breach ) of terms of the contracts or other instruments .   If potential lenders or bond purchasers begin to suspect that a government may fail to pay back its debt , they may demand a high interest rate in compensation for the risk of default . A dramatic rise in the interest rate faced by a government due to fear that it will fail to honor its debt is sometimes called a sovereign debt crisis . Governments may be especially vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis when they rely on financing through short-term bonds , since this creates a situation of maturity mismatch between their short-term bond financing and the long-term asset value of their tax base .   They may also be vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis due to currency mismatch : if few bonds in their own currency are accepted abroad , and so the country issues mainly foreign-denominated bonds , decrease in the value of their own currency can make it prohibitively expensive to pay back their foreign-denominated bonds ( see original sin ) .   Since a sovereign government , by definition , controls its own affairs , it can not be obliged to pay back its debt . Nonetheless , governments may face severe pressure from lending countries . In a few extreme cases , a major creditor nation , before the establishment of the UN Charter Article 2 ( 4 ) prohibiting use of force by states , made threats of war or waged war against a debtor nation for failing to pay back debt to seize assets to enforce its creditor 's rights . For example , Britain invaded Egypt in 1882 . Other examples include the United States ' `` gunboat diplomacy '' in Venezuela in the mid-1890s and the United States occupation of Haiti beginning in 1915 .   Today a government which defaults may be widely excluded from further credit , some of its overseas assets may be seized ; and it may face political pressure from its own domestic bondholders to pay back its debt . Therefore , governments rarely default on the entire value of their debt . Instead , they often enter into negotiations with their bondholders to agree on a delay ( debt restructuring ) or partial reduction of their debt ( a ` haircut or write-off ' ) .   Some economists have argued that , in the case of acute insolvency crises , it can be advisable for regulators and supranational lenders to preemptively engineer the orderly restructuring of a nation 's public debt - also called `` orderly default '' or `` controlled default '' . In the case of Greece , these experts generally believe that a delay in organising an orderly default would hurt the rest of Europe even more .   The International Monetary Fund often lends for sovereign debt restructuring . To ensure that funds will be available to pay the remaining part of the sovereign debt , it has made such loans conditional on acts such as reducing corruption , imposing austerity measures such as reducing non-profitable public sector services , raising the tax take ( revenue ) or more rarely suggesting other forms of revenue raising such as nationalization of inept or corrupt but lucrative economic sectors . A recent example is the Greek bailout agreement of May 2010 .

neg: Carbon finance Carbon finance is a new branch of Environmental finance . Carbon finance explores the financial implications of living in a carbon-constrained world , a world in which emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases ( GHGs ) carry a price .   Financial risks and opportunities impact corporate balance sheets , and market-based instruments are capable of transferring environmental risk and achieving environmental objectives . Issues regarding climate change and GHG emissions must be addressed as part of strategic management decision-making .   The general term is applied to investments in GHG emission reduction projects and the creation ( origination ) of financial instruments that are tradeable on the carbon market .

neg: International Studies journal ` International Studies ' publishes original research articles on a wide range of issues and problems , as well as on the theoretical debates of contemporary relevance in the broader field of International Relations and Area Studies .  Published in association with Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi  This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics ( COPE ) .

neg: Transport finance Transport finance is the subject that explores how transport networks are paid for .   The timing of the money required to finance transport is a principal issue . Many projects are `` pay-as-you-go '' , that is infrastructure , which lasts many years , is expected to be paid out of ongoing cash flow . Other projects are financed with bonds raised in capital markets . Bonds must be secured with an expected future cash flow .   The cash flow , required for either pay-as-you-go or for bonds , must be raised . Common sources are user fees , such as gas taxes , and tolls . Other sources are general revenue . This issue is related to who bears the burden : users or the general public . Even if users bear the burden , that class must be subdivided , e.g. users during peak times or off-peak , freight or passenger traffic , urban or rural users , residents or non-residents ( many toll plazas are located on the state line to maximize revenue from non-residents ) .   A third issue concerns the full costs of transportation . There are monetary costs , which are financed with money , as considered above , but there are also non-monetary costs ( sometimes called hidden costs ) , which are paid for by people 's time , by clean air , by peace and quiet , etc. . See the discussion of externalities for a fuller explication of non-monetary costs .

neg: American University School of International Service The School of International Service ( SIS ) is American University 's school of advanced international study in the areas of international politics , international communication , international development , international economic relations , peace and conflict resolution , global environmental politics , and U.S. foreign policy .   The School of International Service was created when AU 's Hurst Anderson was urged by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to create a school of practitioners prepared for foreign policy beyond the U.S. -- Soviet rivalry . Since 1957 , SIS has prepared thousands of graduates to represent their country in the global arena by `` waging peace '' and employing the hallmarks of thoughtful diplomacy .   SIS is the largest school of international relations in the United States , enrolling more than 2,000 students from over 150 countries . The school makes extensive use of the academic and governmental resources offered by the university 's location in Washington , D.C.   Foreign Policy , in its 2015 rankings of top international affairs programs , ranked the school 's master 's and undergraduate programs as 8th - and 9th-best in the world , respectively . SIS is also consistently ranked in conjunction with American University 's School of Public Affairs as a leading program in the country by U.S. News & World Report 's college and university rankings . SIS is also a full member of The Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs .

neg: Sources of international law International law is the name of a body of rules which regulate the conduct of the States in their relations with one another . Sources of international law include treaties , international customs , general principles of law as recognized by civilized nations , the decisions of national and lower courts , and scholarly writings . They are the materials and processes out of which the rules and principles regulating the international community are developed . They have been influenced by a range of political and legal theories .

neg: Harvard Department of Social Relations The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies , more commonly known as the `` Department of Social Relations '' was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University ( anthropology , psychology , and sociology ) beginning in 1946 . Originally , the program was headquartered in Emerson Hall at Harvard before moving to William James Hall in 1965 . While the name `` Social Relations '' is often associated with the program 's long-time chair and guiding spirit , sociologist Talcott Parsons , many major figures of mid-20th-century social science also numbered among the program 's faculty , including psychologists Gordon Allport ( personality and motivation ) , Jerome Bruner ( cognitive psychology and narrative analysis ) , Roger Brown ( social psychology and psycholinguistics ) , and Henry Murray ( personality ) ; anthropologists Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn ( value orientations ) , John and Beatrice Whiting ( cross-cultural child development ) , Evon Z. Vogt ( comparative religion ) ; and sociologist Alex Inkeles ( Soviet studies and national character ) . Many of its graduate students also went on to be major figures in U.S. social sciences during the latter part of the twentieth century ; their work tends towards strong interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches .   Allport and Boring discussed the origins of the department 's name in the April 1946 issue of the American Psychologist :  While -LSB- academic -RSB- departmental lines have remained rigid , there has been developing during the last decade , a synthesis of socio-cultural and psychological sciences which is widely recognized within the academic world in spite of the fact that there is no commonly accepted name to designate the synthesis . We propose that Harvard adopt , and thus help establish , the term Social Relations to characterize the emerging discipline which deals not only with the body of fact and theory traditionally recognized as the subject matter of sociology , but also with that portion of psychological science that treats the individual within the social system , and that portion of anthropological science that is particularly relevant to the social and cultural patterns of literate societies .   Social Relations sponsored or collaborated in a number of research studies characterized by explicit cross-cultural comparisons and multidisciplinary approaches to problems of policy or social theory . Major projects included the Six Cultures Study ( headed by John and Beatrice Whiting , an anthropological study of child development in six different cultures , including a New England Baptist community ; a Philippine barrio ; an Okinawan village ; an Indian village in Mexico ; a northern Indian caste group ; and a rural tribal group in Kenya ) ; a multidisciplinary analysis of Soviet culture and society , published in part as How the Soviet System Works ; and the Comparative Study of Values in Five Cultures during the 1950s , which examined five very different communities living in the same region of Texas : Zuni , Navajo , Mormon ( LDS ) , Spanish-American ( Mexican-American ) , and Texas Homesteaders .   The curriculum of the Harvard Social Relations had four inter-related components :  Sociology ;  Social Psychology ;  Social Anthropology ; and  Personality Theory .   The program disaggregated into its component departments around 1972 , though a certain interdisciplinarity remained throughout the 1970s .   A similar program at Yale , the Institute for Human Relations , also now disbanded , developed the Human Relations Area Files ( HRAF ) , a cross-cultural database for comparative research , administered by Carol and Melvin Ember .

neg: World Economy and International Relations World Economy and International Relations is the flagship journal of the IMEMO Institute in Moscow published from 1957 . It is available at practically all the major research libraries of the world , dealing with Russian and East European affairs .   The open access version of OCLC WorldCat lists as of January 7 , 2009 , the following holdings for the title under the Russian catalogue entry :   Australia 4  Canada 3  UK 7  USA 95   The transcription World Economy and International Relations alone yields currently 656 global book publications , quoting from the journal on Google Book Search .

neg: Economic Policy (journal) Economic Policy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Centre for Economic Policy Research , the Center for Economic Studies ( University of Munich ) , and the Paris School of Economics . The journal was established in 1985 and covers international economic policy topics such as macroeconomics , microeconomics , the labour market , trade , exchange rate , taxation , economic growth , government spending , and migration .   According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 2.875 , ranking it 22nd out of 333 journals in the category `` Economics '' .

neg: Policy studies Policy studies is the combination of policy analysis and program evaluation . It `` involves systematically studying the nature , causes , and effects of alternative public policies , with particular emphasis on determining the policies that will achieve given goals . ''   Policy Studies also examines the conflicts and conflict resolution that arise from the making of policies in civil society , the private sector , or more commonly , in the public sector ( e.g. government ) .   It is frequently focused on the public sector but is equally applicable to other kinds of organizations ( e.g. , the not-for-profit sector ) . Some policy study experts graduate from public policy schools with public policy degrees . Alternatively , experts may have backgrounds in policy analysis , program evaluation , sociology , psychology , philosophy , economics , anthropology , geography , law , political science , social work , environmental planning and public administration .   Traditionally , the field of policy studies focused on domestic policy , with the notable exceptions of foreign and defense policies . However , the wave of economic globalization , which ensued in the late 20th and early 21st centuries , created a need for a subset of policy studies that focuses on global governance , especially as it relates to issues that transcend national borders such as climate change , terrorism , nuclear proliferation , and economic development . This subset of policy studies , which is often referred to as international policy studies , typically requires mastery of a second language and attention to cross-cultural issues in order to address national and cultural biases . For example , the Monterey Institute of International Studies at Middlebury College offers Master of Arts programs that focus exclusively on international policy through a mix of interdisciplinary and cross-cultural analysis called the `` Monterey Way '' .

neg: Budget support Budget support is a particular way of giving international development aid , also known as an aid instrument or aid modality . With budget support , money is given directly to a recipient country government , usually from a donor government . Budget support differs from other types of aid modalities such as :  Balance of payments support , which is currently mainly the domain of the International Monetary Fund . With balance of payments support the funds go to the central bank for foreign exchange purposes , while with budget support they generally go to the Ministry of Finance ( or equivalent ) and into the budget for public spending .  Project aid , where development assistance funds are used by donors to implement a specific project , with donors retaining control of the project 's financing and management .   In practice , budget support varies dramatically and is done in a large range of different ways . One of the broadest distinctions is between general budget support and sector budget support .   General budget support is unearmarked contributions to the government budget including funding to support the implementation of macroeconomic reforms ( structural adjustment programmes , poverty reduction strategies ) .   Budget support is a method of financing a recipient country 's budget through a transfer of resources from an external financing agency to the recipient government 's national treasury . The funds thus transferred are managed in accordance with the recipient 's budgetary procedures .   Funds transferred to the national treasury for financing programmes or projects managed according to different budgetary procedures from those of the recipient country , with the intention of earmarking the resources for specific uses , are therefore excluded .   Sector budget support , like general budget support , is an un earmarked financial contribution to a recipient government 's budget . However , in sector budget support , the dialogue between donors and partner governments focuses on sector-specific concerns , rather than on overall policy and budget priorities .

neg: China International Fund China International Fund ( CIF ) is a Chinese-owned group of Hong Kong investors that describes its major businesses as including `` large-scale national reconstruction projects and infrastructure construction in developing countries '' . The CIF and its associated companies in Hong Kong and Singapore invested upwards of $ US 20 billion mainly in unstable African dictatorships . They have made agreements with the Angolan and Guinean governments to explore for various resources in those countries . These agreements will result in billions of dollars of money being invested in the two countries . The Company is under the suspicion of being a state-owned company because `` key personnel have ties to Chinese state-owned enterprises and government agencies . ''

neg: Kunibert Raffer Professor Kunibert Raffer ( born 1951 ) is a development researcher . His main contributions are on international economic relations and the problems of unequal exchange . From 1979-1980 he was Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Vienna and from 1983-84 consultant to UNIDO . He was a visiting lecturer ( 1986 -- 89 ) at the University of Klagenfurt and then Visiting Fellow of the Institute of Development Studies ( IDS ) at the University of Sussex . He spent 1990-93 as Honorary Research Fellow , Department of Commerce , University of Birmingham and in 1998 participated in the UNDP 's research project `` International Development Cooperation and Global Public Goods '' . Since 2002 he has been Senior Associate of the New Economics Foundation ( London ) , with a winter term ( 002-03 ) as visiting Professor at the Centre for the Study of International Institutions ( CSI ) , SOWI Faculty , University of Innsbruck .   His articles on Chapter 11 of US Title 11 ( Bankruptcy ) in the context of the problem of sovereignty created a veritable flood of international reactions . In 1987 Raffer proposed to internationalise the basic features of the US Chapter 9 , maintaining that its essential points can be applied to sovereign borrowers immediately and without problems . There were numerous academic responses .

neg: Harmful Tax Competition: An Emerging Global Issue Harmful Tax Competition : An Emerging Global Issue is a report issued by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 's Centre for Tax Policy and Administration .   In the report , the OECD groups countries into three categories : member country preferential regimes , tax havens , and non-member economies , and establishes criteria for identifying each . Tax havens are characterised by having only nominal or no taxes , impeding the free exchange of information on taxpayers with other governments through administrative practices or laws , non-transparency , and a lack of substantial activities . Harmful preferential regimes , whether in member or non-member countries , are identified by four main traits . Like tax havens , their legal or administrative systems hamper the exchange of information and create an absence of transparency , and have effectively low or no taxes . Finally , the regime may partially isolate itself from the taxpayers and bear little to none of the tax burden , a practice known as `` ring-fencing . ''

neg: Too big to fail The `` too big to fail '' theory asserts that certain corporations , particularly financial institutions , are so large and so interconnected that their failure would be disastrous to the greater economic system , and that they therefore must be supported by government when they face potential failure . The colloquial term `` too big to fail '' was popularized by U.S. Congressman Stewart McKinney in a 1984 Congressional hearing , discussing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 's intervention with Continental Illinois . The term had previously been used occasionally in the press .   Proponents of this theory believe that some institutions are so important that they should become recipients of beneficial financial and economic policies from governments or central banks . Some economists such as Paul Krugman hold that economies of scale in banks and in other businesses are worth preserving , so long as they are well regulated in proportion to their economic clout , and therefore that `` too big to fail '' status can be acceptable . The global economic system must also deal with sovereign states being too big to fail .   Opponents believe that one of the problems that arises is moral hazard whereby a company that benefits from these protective policies will seek to profit by it , deliberately taking positions ( see asset allocation ) that are high-risk high-return , as they are able to leverage these risks based on the policy preference they receive . The term has emerged as prominent in public discourse since the 2007 -- 08 global financial crisis . Critics see the policy as counterproductive and that large banks or other institutions should be left to fail if their risk management is not effective . Some critics , such as Alan Greenspan , believe that such large organisations should be deliberately broken up : `` If they 're too big to fail , they 're too big '' . More than fifty prominent economists , financial experts , bankers , finance industry groups , and banks themselves have called for breaking up large banks into smaller institutions .   In 2014 , the International Monetary Fund and others said the problem still had not been dealt with . While the individual components of the new regulation for systemically important banks ( additional capital requirements , enhanced supervision and resolution regimes ) likely reduced the prevalence of TBTF , the fact that there is a definite List of systemically important banks considered TBTF has a partly offsetting impact .

neg: World Bank residual model The World Bank residual model , in economics , refers to a widely used model by economists to measure illicit financial flows . The data sources for this analysis are the large-scale macroeconomic databases maintained by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank .   In order to estimate illicit financial flows , this method measures a country 's source of funds ( inflows of capital ) against its recorded use ( outflows and/or expenditures of capital ) . Source of funds includes increases in net external indebtedness of the public sector and the net inflow of foreign direct investment . Use of funds includes the current account deficit that is financed by the capital account flows and additions to central bank reserves . An excess source of funds over the recorded use ( or expenditures ) points to a loss of unaccounted-for capital , and , as such , indicates illicit financial outflow .   Category : World Bank  Category : International finance

neg: Foreign relations of Guatemala Guatemala 's major diplomatic interests are regional security and increasingly , regional development and economic integration .

neg: Financial deepening Financial deepening is a term used by economic development experts to refers to the increased provision of financial services with a wider choice of services geared to all levels of society . This includes the unbanked and underbanked in a society . It includes the developedment of financial markets , increasing the number of financial institutions and increasing the diversity in financial instruments .   It also refers to the macro effects of financial deepening on the larger economy . Financial deepening generally means an increased ratio of money supply to GDP or some price index . It refers to liquid money . The more liquid money is available in an economy , the more opportunities exist for continued growth .   It is seen by some as playing an important role in reducing risk and vulnerability for disadvantaged groups , and increasing the ability of individuals and households to access basic services like health and education , thus having a more direct impact on poverty reduction . The association between economic growth and financial deepening has been a wide-ranging subject of experiential research . The practical evidence suggests that there is a significant positive relationship between financial development and economic growth .

neg: Financial risk management Financial risk management is the practice of economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk : Operational risk , credit risk and market risk , Foreign exchange risk , Shape risk , Volatility risk , Liquidity risk , Inflation risk , Business risk , Legal risk , Reputational risk , Sector risk etc. . Similar to general risk management , financial risk management requires identifying its sources , measuring it , and plans to address them .   Financial risk management can be qualitative and quantitative . As a specialization of risk management , financial risk management focuses on when and how to hedge using financial instruments to manage costly exposures to risk .   In the banking sector worldwide , the Basel Accords are generally adopted by internationally active banks for tracking , reporting and exposing operational , credit and market risks .


query: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela is a crime drama film.

pos: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela ( English : A Play of Bullets Ram-Leela ) , or simply Ram-Leela , is a 2013 Indian crime drama film co written , co edited , co produced , composed and directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali . The film is an adaptation of Shakespeare 's Romeo and Juliet , set in violent times . The eponymous lead roles are played by Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone , and the supporting roles are played by an ensemble cast including Supriya Pathak Kapur , Richa Chadda , Sharad Kelkar , Gulshan Devaiah , Barkha Bisht Sengupta , and Abhimanyu Singh . The film also features a special appearance by Priyanka Chopra in the song `` Ram Chahe Leela '' . The film 's release , scheduled on 15 November 2013 , had been stayed by Delhi High Court . The film was initially titled Ram-Leela but was changed to Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela in response to an order by the Delhi High Court and released as scheduled .   The movie which premiered on the scheduled date , opened to critical acclaim and strong box-office collections worldwide . It ultimately earned . The film became the fifth highest-grossing film of 2013 and won three Filmfare Awards with Padukone winning her first Filmfare Award for Best actress , from a total of eight nominations .

neg: Muthu Kaalai Muthu Kaalai is a 1995 Tamil drama film directed by Gokula Krishnan . The film features Karthik and Soundarya in lead roles . The film , produced by Raadhika Reddy , had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja and was released on 24 February 1995 to above average reviews .

neg: Murder 2 Murder 2 is a 2011 Indian psychological horror-slasher film and the quasi-sequel to the 2004 film , Murder . It stars Emraan Hashmi , Jacqueline Fernandez and Prashant Narayanan and features Sulagna Panigrahi . Directed by Mohit Suri and produced by Mukesh Bhatt , the film released on 8 July 2011 . The theatrical trailer of the film was revealed on 1 June 2011 and also in cinemas with Ready . It was the second film in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including Raaz -- The Mystery Continues , Jannat 2 , Jism 2 , Raaz 3D and 1920 : Evil Returns , each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels , but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story . The film did well at the box office and was declared a `` blockbuster '' by Box Office India . It is one of the highest grossing Bollywood films of 2011 .

neg: ...And Once Again And Once Again is a 2010 Indian family drama film directed by Amol Palekar . The film premiered in India on 20 August 2010 .

neg: Traffic (2011 film) Traffic is a 2011 Malayalam language Indian thriller film written by brothers Bobby and Sanjay and directed by Rajesh Pillai . The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Sreenivasan , Rahman , Kunchako Boban , Anoop Menon , Vineeth Sreenivasan , Sandhya , Roma , Remya Nambeesan and Asif Ali . The film has its narrative in a hyperlink format . The film opened on 7 January 2011 , to a positive reception . It is widely regarded as one of the defining movies of the Malayalam New Wave . A multi-narrative thriller that intertwines multiple stories around one particular incident , Traffic is inspired from an actual event that happened in Chennai . Owing to its critical and commercial success , Traffic was remade into Tamil as Chennaiyil Oru Naal , in Kannada as Crazy Star and is also remade in Hindi , with the same name . This was also the last film of the veteran actor Jose Prakash .

neg: Indian (2001 film) Indian is a 2001 Hindi crime drama film directed by N. Maharajan and starring Sunny Deol , Shilpa Shetty , Raj Babbar and Mukesh Rishi . A remake of Tamil film Vallarasu starring Vijayakanth , the film had dialogues written by Sanjay Masoom . It opened on 26 October 2001 to excellent collections .

neg: 8th IIFA Awards The 2007 IIFA Awards , officially known as the 8th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2006 and took place between June 7 -- 9 , 2007 . The official ceremony took place on June 9 , 2007 , at the Hallam FM Arena in Sheffield , England . During the ceremony , IIFA Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories . The ceremony was televised in India and internationally on Star Plus . Actors Boman Irani and Lara Dutta co-hosted the ceremony for the first time .   Some other salient events held during this weekend included the IIFA World Premiere , IIFA-BAFTA Film Workshop , FICCI-IIFA Global Business Forum and the IIFA Foundation Celebrity Charity Cricket Match .   The tag line of the IIFA 2007 was IIFA 2007 : Yorkshire `` Love At First Sight '' .   Rang De Basanti received twenty one nominations out of the total twenty nine and won eleven awards , two of which were popular awards : ( Best Picture , Best Performance In A Supporting Role Female ) Omkara and Lage Raho Munna Bhai won four awards each . Other multiple winners included Krrish with three awards and Dhoom 2 and Fanaa with two each . In addition movies receiving a single awards included , Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna for ( Best Performance In A Leading Role Female ) , Golmaal : Fun Unlimited for ( Best Performance In A Comic Role ) , 36 China Town for ( Male Debutant Star ) and Gangster for ( Female Debutant Star ) .   Rajkumar Hirani and A. R. Rahman each won three awards in the event .

neg: Ghaath Ghaath is a 2000 Indian Bollywood crime drama film directed by Akashdeep and produced by Kumar Mohan . The film stars Manoj Bajpayee , Tabu and Om Puri in pivotal roles and actress Raveena Tandon in a special appearance . The film met with positive critical response whereas ended up being an average grosser at the box-office .

neg: Angaar Angaar ( English : Fire ) is an Indian Hindi crime drama film directed by Shashilal K. Nair , released on 1 September 1992 . The film stars Jackie Shroff , Dimple Kapadia , and Nana Patekar in lead roles . The film was speculated to have been based on the life of Karim Lala .

neg: Aag Ka Gola Aag Ka Gola ( English translation - Fire Ball ) is 1989 Hindi language Movie directed by David Dhawan and starring Sunny Deol , Dimple Kapadia , Shakti Kapoor and Prem Chopra .

neg: Manjal Nila Manjal Nila ( credited as Manghal Nila ) is a 1982 Tamil Indian feature film directed by R. Renjith Kumar . It stars Suresh and Kala Ranjani in the lead roles .

neg: Sandai Sandai ( English : Fight ) is a drama Tamil film starring Sundar C and Ramya Raj . It was directed by Sakthi Chidmabaram . It was previously known as Ezhu then Porukki then Adhirudalla then Mahamagam before finally settling on Sandai . It has been dubbed in Hindi as `` Jungbaaz '' .

neg: Masani (film) Masani is a 2013 Indian Tamil supernatural thriller film directed by Padmaraj & LGR . The film features Ramki , Akhil , Iniya , Sija Rose , Roja , Sarath Babu , Y. Gee . Mahendra , Pandi , and Aadukalam Naren . The music is scored by N. Fazil . Masani is Ramki 's comeback to Tamil cinema . . This film received by high positive reviews .

neg: Ram Chahe Leela `` Ram Chahe Leela '' ( Ram Loves Leela ) is a 2013 item number featuring Priyanka Chopra and Ranveer Singh from the film Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali . The song was sung by Bhoomi Trivedi and was written by Siddharth-Garima and was composed by Bhansali .   The song is love ballad . The song and video became a hit shortly after its release , with the song topping the charts in India . The video features Priyanka Chopra as a nautch girl performing mujra signing about the relationship between Ram and Leela . The video was choreographed by Prabhudeva 's brother VishnuDeva and was directed by Bhansali .   The song features new dance steps , mostly complicated ones . Priyanka was praised for her dance and her look from the song was widely covered by the media .

neg: Gyara Hazar Ladkian Gyara Hazar Ladkian ( Eleven Thousand Girls ) is a 1962 Hindi romantic social drama film directed by K. A. Abbas . The film was co-produced by the poet Ali Sardar Jafri , who also helped co-write the story with Abbas .  Produced under the Film Friends banner , it had music by N. Dutta . The director of photography was Ramchandra . The cast included Bharat Bhushan , Mala Sinha , Helen , Murad , Nadira , and Madhavi .   The story , which is told in flashback , involves a working girl , Asha , played by Mala Sinha , who is in court for a murder committed by her younger sister . Bharat Bhushan plays the lawyer and journalist , Puran , who takes the case to prove her innocence .

neg: Teen Maar Teenmaar ( Celebration of Love ) is a 2011 Telugu language romantic drama film directed by Jayanth C. Paranjee . The film is a remake of the Hindi film Love Aaj Kal , with Pawan Kalyan , Trisha Krishnan and Kriti Kharbanda playing the lead roles . The film 's music is composed by Mani Sharma . The film portrays the feeling of pure love which never changes , although the perspective of realising one 's soulmate has changed over time . The film was released on 14 April 2011 .

neg: One 2 Ka 4 One 2 Ka 4 ( वन टू का फ़ोर , One times 2 is 4 ) is an Indian action crime drama film directed by Shashilal K. Nair . The film stars Shah Rukh Khan , Juhi Chawla and Jackie Shroff . The score and soundtrack were composed by A.R.Rahman . This film is now owned by Shah Rukh Khan 's Red Chillies Entertainment .

neg: Kadal (2013 film) Kadal ( The Sea ) is a 2013 Indian Tamil crime-drama film co-written , co-produced and directed by Mani Ratnam . The film features debutantes Gautham Karthik , son of actor Karthik , and Thulasi Nair , daughter of Radha , in the lead roles , with Arjun Sarja and Aravind Swamy in supporting roles . The music was composed by A. R. Rahman . The film revolves around life of Christian fishermen who instill the fact that how faith can sometimes lead to the triumph of humanity . The film was dubbed into Telugu as Kadali . The film was released worldwide on 1 February 2013 in both the versions .

neg: Ram Gopal Varma Ram Gopal Varma is an Indian film director , screenwriter and producer , known for his works in Telugu cinema , Bollywood , and television . Influenced by Russian-American playwright Ayn Rand , and European authors Friedrich Nietzsche , James Hadley Chase and Frederick Forsyth , Varma directed films across multiple genres , including parallel cinema and docudrama noted for their gritty realism , technical finesse , and craft .   Varma has garnered the National Film Award for scripting the political crime drama , Shool ( 1999 ) . In 2004 , He was featured in the BBC World series Bollywood Bosses . In 2006 , Grady Hendrix of Film Comment , published by the Film Society of Lincoln Center , New York City cited Varma as `` Bombay 's Most Successful Maverick '' for his works on experimental films . Varma is regarded as the fountain head of new age Indian cinema .   Varma is known for presenting the Indian Political Trilogy , and the Indian Gangster Trilogy , film critic Rajeev Masand has labeled the series as one of the `` most influential movies of Hindi cinema .  The first installment of the trilogy , Satya , was also listed in CNN-IBN 's 100 greatest Indian films of all time . Varma 's recent avant-garde works include hits such as the alternate history , Rakta Charitra ( 2010 ) , the dramatized re-enactment of 2008 Mumbai attacks in The Attacks of 26/11 ( 2013 ) , a horror fiction , Ice Cream shot with Flowcam Technology ( 2014 ) , a slasher film , Anukshanam ( 2014 ) , Killing Veerappan ( 2016 ) , a documentary drama , and Vangaveeti ( 2016 ) a biographical `` based on true events '' .   Starting his career as a civil engineer , he made an entry into Telugu cinema , with the path-breaking crime thriller , Siva ( 1989 ) screened at the 13th International Film Festival of India , and has garnered Varma , the state Nandi Awards for Best direction , Best first film of a director , and the Filmfare Award for Best Film -- Telugu . Siva explores the concepts of student exploitation by anti-social behavior and the impact of crowd psychology . Subsequently , the film was included in CNN-IBN 's list of 100 greatest Indian films of all time . He then experimented with the Neo-noir , Kshana Kshanam ( 1991 ) screened at the Ann Arbor Film Festival , the sleeper hit won him another Nandi Award for Best Direction , and the Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer . The 1993 political drama , Gaayam received six state Nandi Awards . In 1999 , He directed Prema Katha for which he received his third Nandi Award for Best Director .

neg: Bajirao Mastani Bajirao Mastani is a 2015 Indian epic historical romance film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali , who also composed the music of the film . It is jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International . The film stars Ranveer Singh as Bajirao I and Deepika Padukone as Mastani , with Priyanka Chopra playing Bajirao 's first wife Kashibai . Tanvi Azmi , Vaibbhav Tatwawdi and Milind Soman appear in supporting roles . Based on the Marathi novel Raau by Nagnath S. Inamdar , the film narrates the story of the Maratha Peshwa Bajirao ( 1700-1740 AD ) and his second wife Mastani .   The film was in development for 15 years , with Bhansali wanting to make the film after Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam . However , several times , the production was delayed due to the changing cast . Principal photography started in mid 2014 after the casting of principal roles was finalised . The film was released on 18 December 2015 to critical acclaim from critics , who praised the direction , cinematography , production design , costumes , music and performances , particularly of Chopra , and Singh .   The film has grossed over at the box-office , emerging as a commercial success and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time . The film received several accolades at various award ceremonies across India . At the 63rd National Film Awards , Bajirao Mastani received seven awards , including Best Direction and Best Supporting Actress for Tanvi Azmi . The film is featured among the 2016 Indian Panorama section of the International Film Festival of India . The film received fourteen nominations at the 61st Filmfare Awards , and won nine awards including Best Film , Best Director for Bhansali , Best Actor for Singh , and Best Supporting Actress for Chopra .

neg: India's Daughter India 's Daughter is a documentary film directed by Leslee Udwin and is part of the BBC 's ongoing Storyville series . The film is based on the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder of 23-year-old Jyoti Singh who was a physiotherapy student .   The film was scheduled to be aired on TV channels round the world on March 8 to coincide with International Women 's Day . However , when excerpts of the film , which included an interview with Mukesh Singh , one of the four men convicted of the rape and murder , were broadcast , a court stay order prohibiting the broadcast was obtained by the Indian police . The BBC complied with the request and did not air the film in India . Yet it aired outside of India on 4 March , was uploaded on YouTube , and soon went viral via shares on social media . On 5 March , the Indian government directed YouTube to block the video in India .


query: The winner for the 2016 Democratic primaries was Hillary Clinton.

pos: Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( -LSB- ˈhɪləri_daɪˈæn_ˈrɒdəm_ˈklɪntən -RSB- born October 26 , 1947 ) is an American politician who was the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013 , U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 , First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 , and the Democratic Party 's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election .   Born in Chicago , Illinois , and raised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge , Clinton graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 , and earned a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1973 . After serving as a congressional legal counsel , she moved to Arkansas and married Bill Clinton in 1975 . In 1977 , she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families . She was appointed the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978 and became the first female partner at Rose Law Firm the following year . As First Lady of Arkansas , she led a task force whose recommendations helped reform Arkansas 's public schools .   As First Lady of the United States , Clinton was an advocate for gender equality and healthcare reform . Her relationship with her husband came under public speculation during the Lewinsky scandal , forcing her to issue a statement reaffirming her commitment to the marriage . Clinton was elected in 2000 as the first female senator from New York . She was re-elected to the Senate in 2006 . Running for president in 2008 , she won far more delegates than any previous female candidate , but lost the Democratic nomination to Barack Obama .   As Secretary of State in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2013 , Clinton responded to the Arab Spring , during which she advocated the U.S. military intervention in Libya . She helped organize a diplomatic isolation and international sanctions regime against Iran , in an effort to force curtailment of that country 's nuclear program ; this would eventually lead to the multinational Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreement in 2015 . Leaving office after Obama 's first term , she wrote her fifth book and undertook speaking engagements .   Clinton made a second presidential run in 2016 . She received the most votes and primary delegates in the 2016 Democratic primaries , and formally accepted her party 's nomination for President of the United States on July 28 , 2016 with vice presidential running mate Senator Tim Kaine . She became the first female candidate to be nominated for president by a major U.S. political party . Despite winning a plurality of the national popular vote , Clinton lost the Electoral College and the presidency to her Republican opponent Donald Trump . Following her loss , in 2017 she decided to focus on being a self-described `` activist citizen '' .

neg: United States presidential election in North Carolina, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in North Carolina was part of the national event on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. . In North Carolina , voters chose 15 representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   North Carolina was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama with a 0.32 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , most news organizations considered the state as a toss-up , or swing state , but few truly believed Obama would win it .   Only 1 of the 18 news/political organizations listed here correctly predicted the result , an Obama victory . Throughout the general election , the state was heavily targeted by both campaigns . It was one of six Southern states and districts ( along with Florida , Virginia , Maryland , Delaware , and the District of Columbia ) that voted for Obama in 2008 . A high turnout by African-American voters , bolstered by overwhelming support from younger voters were the major factors that helped deliver North Carolina 's 15 electoral votes to Obama , making him the first Democratic presidential nominee to carry the state in 32 years . Prior to 2008 , the last Democratic candidate to win North Carolina was Jimmy Carter in 1976 . Bill Clinton came within 20,000 votes of winning the state in 1992 . As of 2016 , this is the last time that the Democratic nominee carried North Carolina .

neg: Missouri Democratic primary, 2008 The Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary took place on Super Tuesday , February 5 , 2008 , with 72 delegates at stake . The winner in each of Missouri 's nine congressional districts was awarded all of that district 's delegates , which totaled 47 . Another 25 delegates were awarded to the statewide winner , Barack Obama . The 72 delegates represented Missouri at the Democratic National Convention in Denver , Colorado . Sixteen other unpledged delegates , known as superdelegates , also attended the convention and cast their votes as well .

neg: United States presidential election, 2016 The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election , held on Tuesday , November 8 , 2016 . The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine . Trump took office as the 45th President , and Pence as the 48th Vice President , on January 20 , 2017 . Concurrent with the presidential election , Senate , House , and many gubernatorial and state and local elections were also held on November 8 .   Voters selected members of the Electoral College in each state , in most cases by `` winner-takes-all '' plurality ; those state electors in turn voted for a new president and vice president on December 19 , 2016 . While Clinton received about million more votes nationwide , a margin of % , Trump won 30 states worth a total of 306 electors , or 57 % of the 538 available . He won the perennial swing states of Florida , North Carolina , Ohio , and Iowa , as well as Clinton 's `` blue wall '' states of Michigan , Pennsylvania and Wisconsin , which had been Democratic strongholds in presidential elections for decades . Leading up to the election , a Trump victory was considered unlikely by almost all media forecasts .   In the Electoral College vote on December 19 , seven electors voted against their pledged candidates : two against Trump and five against Clinton . A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again . Ultimately , Trump received 304 electoral votes and Clinton garnered 227 , while Colin Powell won three , and John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one .   Trump is the fifth person in U.S. history to become president while losing the nationwide popular vote . He is the first president without any prior experience in public service or the military , as well as the wealthiest and the oldest at inauguration , while Clinton was the first woman to be the presidential nominee of a major party and the first woman to win the popular vote .   This was the first time since the 1984 re-election of Ronald Reagan that Wisconsin voted for a Republican , and the first time since 1988 that the Republican nominee won the states of Pennsylvania and Michigan , as well as Maine 's second congressional district . It was also the first time since the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson that an electoral vote split occurred in Maine .   On January 6 , 2017 , the United States government 's intelligence agencies concluded that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 United States elections . A joint U.S. intelligence review stated with high confidence that `` Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election . Russia 's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process , denigrate Secretary Clinton , and harm her electability and potential presidency . '' Investigations about potential collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials were started by the FBI , the Senate Intelligence Committee and the House Intelligence Committee . Donald Trump has criticized these conclusions by citing a lack of evidence , calling it a `` hoax '' and `` fake news , '' stating in a tweet : `` The Russia-Trump collusion story is a total hoax , when will this taxpayer funded charade end ? ''

neg: Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012 The 2012 reelection campaign of Barack Obama , the 44th President of the United States , was formally announced on April 4 , 2011 . Along with his running mate , Vice President Joe Biden , Obama was opposed in the general election by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney , along with various minor candidates from other parties . The election took place on Tuesday , November 6 , 2012 .   Obama 's campaign headquarters was in Chicago and key members of his successful campaign in 2008 , such as Jim Messina and David Axelrod , returned to staff it . On the day of the announcement , the campaign released a promotional video showing supporters of Obama organizing for the re-election effort . As The Guardian newspaper noted , this was the first U.S. presidential re-election campaign to use Facebook and Twitter for promotion .   Between early-2011 and June 30 , 2012 , the Obama campaign and supporters spent approximately $ 400 million , according to the Federal Election Commission . Obama won his re-election bid by a margin of 51.06 -- 47.21 % . This was the first time since 1944 , when President Franklin D. Roosevelt won re-election , that a Democratic president had won by a majority of the electoral votes and over 51 % of the popular vote twice .

neg: Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2008 The Iowa Democratic Presidential Caucus occurred on January 3 , 2008 , and was the state caucuses of the Iowa Democratic Party . It was the first election for the Democrats of the 2008 presidential election . Also referred to as `` the First in the Nation Caucus , '' it was the first election of the primary season on both the Democratic and Republican sides . Of the eight major Democratic presidential candidates , then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois received the most votes and was ultimately declared the winner of the Iowa Democratic Caucus of 2008 , making him the first African American to win the caucus . Former U.S. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina came in second place and then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York finished third , though Clinton received more delegates than Edwards . Campaigning had begun as early as two years before the event .

neg: Maryland Democratic primary, 2004 The 2004 Maryland primary took place on March 2 , 2004 as part of the 2004 United States Democratic presidential primaries . The delegate allocation is proportional ; candidates are awarded delegates in proportion to the percentage of votes received , open to registered Democrats only . Frontrunner John Kerry won the primary with former Senator John Edwards coming in a distant second .

neg: Idaho Democratic caucuses, 2016 The 2016 Idaho Democratic caucuses took place on March 22 in the U.S. state of Idaho as one of the Democratic Party 's primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election .   Voters convened in each of Idaho 's 44 counties at 7 p.m. Mountain Standard Time/6 p.m Pacific Standard Time to proportionally allocate the state 's 27 delegates to the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia in July .

neg: Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016 In the 2016 United States presidential election , seven members of the U.S. Electoral College voted for a different candidate than whom they were pledged to vote . The Democratic Party nominee , Hillary Clinton , lost five of her pledged electors while the Republican Party nominee and then president-elect , Donald Trump , lost two . Three of the faithless electors voted for Colin Powell while John Kasich , Ron Paul , Bernie Sanders , and Faith Spotted Eagle each received one vote .   Three additional electors initially voted against their Clinton pledge but had their votes invalidated according to local statutes , so they were replaced or forced to vote again . The defections fell well short of the number needed to change the result of the election ; only two of the seven defected from the presumptive winner , when 37 were needed to change the outcome .   Although there had been a combined total of 157 instances of individual electors voting faithlessly in over two centuries of previous US presidential elections , 2016 was a year in which multiple groups of electors worked to alter the result of the election in order to `` vote their conscience for the good of America '' in accordance with Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Paper No. 68 . 2016 was also the first year since 1960 when one of the electors actively worked to change the election . Electors were subjected to public pressure , up to and including death threats .   Seven electors successfully cast faithless ballots for president , the most to defect from presidential candidates who were still alive in Electoral College history , surpassing the six electors who defected from James Madison in the 1808 election . Historically , this number of defections has been exceeded only in cases where the presidential candidate was no longer living at the time the electors cast their ballots : the seven faithless presidential votes in 2016 falls well short of the record set in 1872 , when 63 of 66 electors originally pledged to losing candidate Horace Greeley cast their votes for someone else ( Greeley had died between election day and the meeting of the Electoral College ) . The six faithless vice-presidential votes in 2016 is also short of the record for that office , without considering whether the vice-presidential candidates were still living , as multiple previous elections have had more than six faithless vice-presidential votes ; in 1836 , faithless electors successfully moved the vice-presidential decision to the U.S. Senate .

neg: Bill Clinton presidential campaign Bill Clinton , the 42nd President of the United States , has successfully run for president twice :   * Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1992  Bill Clinton presidential campaign , 1996

neg: Better for America Better for America ( BFA ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 4 ) non-profit organization that was dedicated to getting nationwide ballot access for an independent candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 election . The effort was inspired by the unpopularity of the two major party nominees , Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton , and was seen as part of the Stop Trump movement .   The organization 's initial strategy was to gain ballot access in states that do not require a candidate to be named , and then name its candidate after the major party conventions . The candidate was planned to be named by an advisory board rather than through traditional primary elections , or through a crowdsourcing effort like the failed Americans Elect effort in the 2012 election . On August 8 , 2016 , it was reported that Evan McMullin , an anti-Trump Republican and former Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) official , would be Better for America 's nominee . McMullin was officially nominated on August 24 .   In July , the organization filed petitions in two states , New Mexico and Arkansas . By early August , Arkansas had accepted the petition , while New Mexico had rejected the petition because it did not have enough valid signatures , although the New Mexico decision was challenged in court . On August 22 , the organization announced that it was ceasing further ballot access efforts . On September 8 , the New Mexico Secretary of State reversed his decision and placed Better For America on the ballot .   Notable people involved in the organization include conservative donor John Kingston III and former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman . Lawrence Lessig and Randy Barnett expressed their support for the organization in a Time opinion piece .

neg: Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton The sketch comedy television show Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) has for almost three decades aired a number of sketches parodying Hillary Clinton , from her time as First Lady , and during both her unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2016 .   A total of nine different performers have played Hillary Clinton on SNL . The array of SNL cast members portraying Clinton has included Jan Hooks , Janeane Garofalo , Vanessa Bayer , Ana Gasteyer , Amy Poehler , and Kate McKinnon . Guest stars playing Clinton have included Drew Barrymore and Rachel Dratch . One sketch even featured Miley Cyrus in a guest appearance as Clinton , rapping : `` What 's up y' all ? I 'm like Hillary Clint , and I wan na be president one day . ''

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1984 The 1984 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1984 U.S. presidential election . Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19 , 1984 , in San Francisco , California .   As of 2017 , this is the earliest Democratic primary in which all primary winners ( of at least one contest ) are still living .

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980 The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14 , 1980 , in New York City . It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state 's presidential primary .

neg: South Carolina primary The South Carolina primary has become one of several key early-state presidential primaries in the process of the Democratic and Republican Parties choosing their respective general election nominees for President of the United States .   Historically , this primary election has been much more important in the Republican Party 's nomination process , considered a firewall that could permanently eliminate any/all serious rivals to the winner . It is meant to force the various factions of the party to decide quickly on and unite behind a single candidate and avoid wasting precious time and resources on a drawn-out battle between their own candidates , that would divert the party 's focus from working to defeat the Democrats ' likely nominee .   Since its 1980 inception , the winner of the Republican South Carolina primary has always become the eventual Republican National Convention nominee for that fall 's general election , with one exception , the 2012 primary , in which eventual Republican nominee Mitt Romney finished second , behind winner Newt Gingrich ( who would go on to suspend his campaign before that summer 's convention began ) .   South Carolina has cemented its place as the `` First in the South '' primary for both parties . For the Democrats , the 2008 primary took on added significance because it was the first nominating contest in that cycle in which a large percentage ( 55 percent , according to an exit poll ) of primary voters were African Americans .   The 2012 South Carolina primary was held on January 21 for Republicans , and on January 28 for Democrats . The 2016 primary was held on February 20 for Republicans , and on February 27 for Democrats .

neg: List of Hillary Clinton presidential campaign political endorsements, 2016 This is a list of notable individual politicians and political organizations who have publicly indicated support for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 United States presidential election .   Public officials serving below the state level and all other individuals and entities are listed only if they have a separate stand-alone article or are otherwise clearly notable .   Those who indicated their support after Hillary Clinton 's presumptive nomination on June 11 are denoted with an asterisk .

neg: Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee The Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee is a position within the United States Democratic Party that was created by Tom Perez in February 2017 after the 2017 DNC Chair race , won by Perez .   After a close victory over Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison , Perez appointed Ellison as Deputy Chair to lessen the divide in the Democratic Party after the contentious 2016 Democratic presidential primaries , which saw conflicts between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders . Perez was seen as being more in line with the Clinton wing ( liberal ) , while Ellison was more in line with the Sanders wing ( progressive ) .   The role has been described as largely ceremonial .

neg: New Democrats New Democrats , also called Centrist Democrats , Clinton Democrats or Moderate Democrats , are a relatively `` centrist '' ideological faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory of Republican George H. W. Bush in the 1988 presidential election . Describing themselves as `` centrist '' , they are an economically conservative and `` Third Way '' faction which dominated the party for around 20 years , starting in the late 1980s after the US populace turned much further to the political right . They are represented by organizations such as the New Democrat Network and the New Democrat Coalition .

neg: Democrats for Nixon Democrats for Nixon was a campaign to promote Democratic support for the then-incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon in the 1972 presidential election . The campaign was led by the former Democratic governor of Texas , John Connally .   Connally , who was serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury , announced that he would be supporting Nixon for re-election and would spend his time until the elections working on behalf of the incumbent .   A Democrat who had been Governor of Texas and United States Secretary of the Navy under John F. Kennedy , Connally formally announced the formation of the organization in August 1972 . Polling cited by Connally indicated that as many as 20 million Democrats would cross over to vote for Nixon and invited `` all those millions of Democrats who realize that in this Presidential election President Nixon is simply the better choice '' . Connally stated that he was troubled by Senator George McGovern 's campaign and felt that the Democratic party `` is becoming an ideological machine closed to millions who have been the party 's most loyal and steadfast members '' under McGovern 's leadership . The committee included Mayor Beverly Briley of Nashville , Tennessee , former Governor of Florida Farris Bryant , Mayor of Boston John F. Collins , Mayor Thomas G. Dunn of Elizabeth , New Jersey , Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons , Governor of Virginia Mills E. Godwin , Jr. , Mayor of Miami , Florida David T. Kennedy and Leonard Marks who had previously headed the United States Information Agency . A fundraising target of as much as $ 3 million was set for the organization . Connally also announced that Jeno Paulucci , a frozen food distributor who had been closely involved as a fundraiser for Hubert H. Humphrey in his presidential bids , would serve as head of a group encouraging independent voters to choose Nixon .   In a September 1972 article in The New York Times , Connally was quoted as saying that increasing numbers of traditionally Democratic voters were leaving the fold because they `` are afraid of George McGovern '' because of his proposals for major cutbacks in defense spending and in the number of U.S. troops serving in Europe . Connally insisted that `` it is in the best interests of this country that the president be re-elected this year '' .

neg: Podesta emails In March 2016 , the personal Gmail account of John Podesta , a former White House chief of staff and the chairman of Hillary Clinton 's 2016 U.S. presidential campaign , was compromised in a data breach , and a collection of his emails , many of which were work-related , were stolen . Cybersecurity researchers as well as the United States government attributed responsibility for the breach , which was accomplished via a spear-phishing attack , to the hacking group Fancy Bear , affiliated with Russian intelligence services .   Some or all of the Podesta emails were subsequently obtained by WikiLeaks , which published over 20,000 pages of emails , allegedly from Podesta , in October and November 2016 . Podesta and the Clinton campaign have declined to authenticate the emails . Cybersecurity experts interviewed by PolitiFact believe the majority of emails are probably unaltered , while stating it is possible that the hackers inserted at least some doctored or fabricated emails into the collection . An investigation by U.S. intelligence agencies reported that the files obtained by WikiLeaks during the U.S. election contained no `` evident forgeries . ''

neg: South Carolina Republican primary, 2016 The 2016 South Carolina Republican primary took place on February 20 in the U.S. state of South Carolina , marking the Republican Party 's third nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election .   The Democratic Party held its Nevada caucuses on the same day , while their South Carolina primary would only take place a week later on February 27 .   The states delegates are allocated in this way . 29 delegates are awarded to the winner of the primary . After that , 3 delegates are awarded to the winner of each of the seven congressional districts .