query: Cyndi Lauper won an award in 1985.

pos: Cyndi Lauper Cynthia Ann Stephanie `` Cyndi '' Lauper ( born June 22 , 1953 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress and LGBTQ activist . Her career has spanned over 30 years . Her debut solo album She 's So Unusual ( 1983 ) was the first debut female album to chart four top-five hits on the Billboard Hot 100 -- `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' , `` Time After Time '' , `` She Bop '' , and `` All Through the Night '' -- and earned Lauper the Best New Artist award at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985 . Her success continued with the soundtrack for the motion picture The Goonies and her second record True Colors ( 1986 ) . This album included the number one single `` True Colors '' and `` Change of Heart '' , which peaked at number 3 .   Since 1989 , Lauper has released nine studio albums and participated in many other projects . In 2010 , Memphis Blues , became Billboard 's most successful blues album of the year , remaining at # 1 on the Billboard Blues Albums chart for 13 consecutive weeks . In 2013 , Lauper won the Tony Award for Best Original Score for composing the Broadway musical Kinky Boots , making her the first woman to win the category by herself . The musical was awarded five other Tonys including Tony Award for Best New Musical . In 2014 , Lauper was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album for the cast recording . In 2016 , the West End production won Best New Musical at the Olivier Awards   Lauper has established herself as a pop culture icon selling over 50 million records and 20 million singles . She has won awards at the Grammys , Emmys , Tonys , the New York 's Outer Critics Circle , MTV Video Music Awards ( VMAs ) , Billboard Awards , and American Music Awards ( AMAs ) . An inductee into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Hollywood Walk of Fame , Lauper is one of the few singers to win three of the four major American entertainment awards ( EGOT ) . Lauper won the inaugural Best Female Video prize at the 1984 VMAs for Girls Just Want To Have Fun . This music video is recognized by MTV , VH1 and Rolling Stone Magazine as one of the greatest ever music videos of the era . She is featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum 's Women Who Rock exhibit . Her debut album is included in Rolling Stone '' 's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , while Time After Time is included in Vh1 's list of the 100 Best Songs of the Past 25 years . VH1 has ranked Lauper No. 58 of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll '' .   Lauper has been celebrated for her humanitarian work , particularly as an advocate for LGBT rights in the United States . Her charitable efforts were acknowledged in 2013 when the singer was invited as a special guest to attend US President Barack Obama 's second-term inaugural .

neg: A Night at the Met A Night at the Met is the third official album release by Robin Williams on August 9 , 1986 . It features segments recorded live at Metropolitan Opera House in New York City . The album won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Comedy Performance Single or Album , Spoken or Musical .   The album was released the year before Williams ' critically acclaimed performance in the motion picture Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) . He had been shifting his focus from stand-up comedy to film making for several years , and A Night at the Met would be one of his last major concerts during the 1980s . The show is a mix of Williams ' quick-witted humor and voice work , with rants on the topics of drugs , sex , world affairs , and parenting . References to the events and people of the 1980s are mentioned heavily throughout ; U.S. President Ronald Reagan , Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi , and President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev are central to many of the jokes .

neg: Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees .   The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .

neg: Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .   First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .

neg: American Music Awards of 1983 The 10th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 17 , 1983 .

neg: Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only .   The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance , Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if it is an instrumental solo performance ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances .

neg: 1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to :   57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985  58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985

neg: Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) .   Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president .   Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially .   The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn .   In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 .   Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician .   The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years .   In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .

neg: MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message The MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message is an award handed out at the yearly MTV Video Music Awards , first introduced at the 2011 ceremony . The first winner of the category was Lady Gaga . As of 2015 , Kelly Clarkson , Rise Against , and Beyoncé have received the most nominations in this category , being nominated twice .

neg: MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song The MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song is the main award of the EMA 's . It was first awarded in 1994 , when `` 7 Seconds '' won it , and has been given out since . Lady Gaga , Pink and Beyoncé have been the big winners with two awards . In 2007 and 2008 the category was named Most Addictive Track , but in 2009 called again Best Song .

neg: National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics .   This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way .   Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .

neg: She Bop `` She Bop '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper , released as the third single from her debut studio album She 's So Unusual . It reached number three on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in September 1984 . Worldwide , the song is her most commercially successful single after `` Girls Just Want to Have Fun '' and `` Time After Time '' , and reached number 46 on the UK Singles Chart and number 6 on the ARIA Singles Chart . `` She Bop '' was her third consecutive Top 5 on the Hot 100 . The song is also featured in the film Never Been Kissed .

neg: American Music Awards of 1980 The 7th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 18 , 1980 .

neg: Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Artist The Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Artist recognizes the most successful R&B artists over the past year .

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures .   There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' .   Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .

neg: American Music Awards of 1975 The 2nd Annual American Music Awards were held on February 18 , 1975 .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only .   Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category .   These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . ''   According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . ''   Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .

neg: Cynda Williams Cynda Williams ( born May 17 , 1966 ) is an American television and film actress , singer , songwriter , playwright , author , artistic mentor and activist .

neg: Australian pop music awards Australian pop music awards are a series of inter-related national awards that gave recognition to popular musical artists and have included the Go-Set pop poll ( 1966 -- 1972 ) ; TV Week King of Pop Awards ( 1967 -- 1978 ) ; TV Week and Countdown Music Awards ( 1979 -- 1980 ) ; and Countdown Music and Video Awards ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . Early awards were based on popular voting from readers of teenage pop music newspaper Go-Set and television program guide TV Week . They were followed by responses from viewers of Countdown , a TV pop music series ( 1974 -- 1987 ) on national broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . Some of the later award ceremonies incorporated listed nominees and peer-voted awards . From 1987 the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) instituted its own peer-voted ARIA Music Awards .

neg: Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist .   It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . ''   The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist .   Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 .   Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year .   1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .


query: Niall Horan is a musician.

pos: Niall Horan Niall James Horan ( born 13 September 1993 ) is an Irish singer and songwriter , best known as a member of the boy band One Direction . In 2010 , Horan auditioned as a solo artist for the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor . He failed to progress to the `` Boys '' category at the `` judges ' houses '' , but after guest judge Nicole Scherzinger suggested that Niall join One Direction , with Harry Styles , Zayn Malik , Liam Payne and Louis Tomlinson , the group became a reality . The five-piece band made it to the final and finished in third place . Even though they did not win , One Direction was signed by Simon Cowell to his record label Syco .   In his career as a member of One Direction , Horan co-wrote many songs , beginning with `` Taken '' , `` Everything About You '' , `` Same Mistakes '' , `` Back for You '' and `` Summer Love '' from their debut albums Up All Night and Take Me Home . In the latter , he also played guitar . He continued to co-write , including the songs `` Do n't Forget Where You Belong '' , `` Why Do n't We Go There '' and `` Story of My Life '' for the album Midnight Memories ; `` Night Changes '' , `` Fool 's Gold '' and `` Change Your Ticket '' for the album Four ; and `` Wolves '' , `` A.M. '' , `` Temporary Fix '' and `` Never Enough '' for the band 's fifth album Made in the A.M. . He released his first single as a solo artist , `` This Town '' , in 2016 .

neg: Ciarán Ó Con Cheanainn Ciarán Ó Con Cheanainn ( 12 July 1981 - 4 February 2009 ) Irish scholar , teacher and youngest winner of the Corn Uí Riada .   Ó Con Cheanainn was born in Galway . He was the youngest winner of the prestigious sean nós Corn Uí Riada singing competition at Oireachtas na Gaeilge , an annually held arts festival of Irish culture .   He studied at NUI Galway , graduating in 2002 with first class honours in Irish and geography . In 2003 he was awarded an MA at UCD having completed his thesis , `` Gnéithe de Sheachadadh na nAmhrán Traidisiúnta sa Ghaeilge . '' The following year he completed his thesis `` Clár Amhrán Chois Fharraige '' , securing an M Litt in Modern Irish .   The National University of Ireland in 2004 awarded him a travelling studentship in Celtic Studies , and he spent two years at Edinburgh University 's school of Scottish studies . A regular competitor at Oireachtas na Gaeilge and Fleadh Ceoil na hÉireann , he won many prizes . He represented Ireland at the International Pan-Celtic Festival in 1999 and 2000 , taking first prize on both occasions .   He was a member of the committee of An Cumann le Béaloideas Éireann , and served on the board of Comhar for six years . His published work includes entries for The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland and Leabhar Mór na hAmhrán ( both forthcoming ) , and articles and reviews for the Journal of Music in Ireland . He made a number of recordings of his singing , and had recently participated in the Cumann Merriman winter school .   Ciarán had recently been appointed to a lectureship in Modern Irish at UCD , and was looking forward to the completion of his doctoral thesis and the publication of two substantial books on the singing tradition of his native Conamara . Ciarán died suddenly on 4 February 2009 at 27 years of age .

neg: Séamus Ennis Séamus Ennis ( Séamas Mac Aonghusa 5 May 1919 -- 5 October 1982 ) was an Irish musician , singer and Irish music collector . He was most noted for his uilleann pipe playing and was partly responsible for the revival of the instrument during the twentieth century having co-founded Na Píobairí Uilleann , a nonprofit organization dedicated to the promotion of the uilleann pipes and its music . He is recognised for having preserved almost 2,000 Irish songs and dance-tunes as part of the work he did with the Irish Folklore Commission .   Ennis is widely regarded as one of the greatest uilleann pipers of all time .

neg: Niall Iain MacDonald Niall Iain MacDonald ( Niall Iain MhicDòmhnall ) is a Scottish Gaelic-language radio and television producer for BBC Scotland , and presenter of the popular rock and indie music program , Rapal , for BBC Radio nan Gàidheal .

neg: Tim Horan (rugby league) Tim Horan is an Australian former rugby league player who played professionally in Australia during the 1990s .

neg: Julian Gough Julian Gough ( born 1966 ) is an Irish novelist , economic satirist and the former singer and main lyric writer of the Irish band Toasted Heretic .   Gough grew up near Heathrow Airport in London before moving to Nenagh aged seven . He was studying English and philosophy at University College Galway in the late 1980s when he and some friends founded Toasted Heretic . The band went on to record four albums and had one top ten hit , `` Galway and Los Angeles '' , in 1992 .   His first novel , Juno & Juliet , was published in 2001 by Flamingo , almost a decade after Toasted Heretic split up . His second novel , Jude : Level 1 , was published in 2007 at Old Street Publishing , shortly after he won the 2007 National Short Story Award for the book 's first chapter , titled `` The Orphan and the Mob '' . In 2010 , Salmon Poetry released Gough 's first poetry collection , Free Sex Chocolate , which juxtaposes Gough 's more recent forays into poetry with his earlier lyrics written for Toasted Heretic . He is also the author of several short stories and novellas that satirize global economic policies , including 2003 's Great Hargeisa Goat Bubble and CRASH ! How I Lost a Hundred Billion and Found True Love . In 2015 , Gough signed a book deal with Picador .   Gough also writes columns and opinion pieces for various newspapers and magazines , including Guardian ,  Prospect Magazine and A Public Space .   In 2007 , he rebelled against the decision to award the Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize to writer Will Self . Gough , who was nominated alongside Self , stole the prize , a pig , to keep for himself . In early 2010 , Gough wrote an article on the state of Irish literature , `` slamming fellow Irish novelists '' , on his personal website . Gough 's novel Jude in London came third in the 2011 Guardian Not The Booker prize after the author threatened to share pictures of him `` wearing only the -LSB- Not The Booker trophy -RSB- mug '' shall he win the competition .   In 2011 , he quickly wrote up the ending credits for the popular video game Minecraft prior to its November release .

neg: Niall Williams Niall Williams is an Irish author . He was born in Dublin in 1958 . He studied English and French literature at University College Dublin before graduating with a Master 's degree in Modern American Literature . He moved to New York in 1980 where he married Christine Breen , also a novelist , whom he had met while she was a Master 's student also at UCD , and took his first job opening boxes of books in Fox and Sutherland 's bookshop in Mount Kisco . He later worked as a copywriter for Avon Books in New York City before leaving America with Chris in 1985 to attempt to make a life as a writer .   His first four books were co-written with Christine and tell of their life together in Kiltumper in west Clare . In 1991 Niall 's first play ` The Murphy Initiative ' was staged at The Abbey Theatre in Dublin . His second play , ' A Little Like Paradise ' was produced on the Peacock stage of The Abbey Theatre in 1995 . His third play , ` The Way You Look Tonight , ' was produced by Galway 's Druid Theatre Company in 1999 .   Niall 's first novel was Four Letters of Love . Published in 1997 , it went on to become an international bestseller and has been published in over twenty countries . His second novel , As it is in Heaven was published in 1999 and was long listed for the Irish Times International Dublin Literary Award . His third novel , The Fall of Light was published in Britain and Ireland , France , Italy and America . His fourth novel , Only Say The Word , was published in 2005 in several countries and his fifth novel , Boy in the World was published in 2007 . Boy in the World is dedicated to Joseph , Niall 's son . He wrote chapters and sent them to Joseph who was away at boarding school . Niall continued the story in the sequel , Boy and Man . Niall 's seventh novel is entitled John . A story about the apostle John who reportedly lived 100 years . The novel explores John 's life during the many long years while awaiting Jesus 's return . His most recent novel is History of the Rain , which has been long listed for the 2014 Man Booker Prize . He is at work on several screenplays , including one on his novel Four Letters of Love .   He currently lives in west Clare with his wife and two children . He worked as a mentor for MFA students of Carlow University in Pittsburgh . He was also the writer-in-residence for Co. . Sligo , for the previous two years .

neg: Liam O'Connor (Irish musician) Liam O'Connor is a multi-instrumentalist musician , described as `` the Jimi Hendrix of the accordion '' .

neg: Niall O'Reilly Niall O'Reilly ( born 12 April 1987 in Skerries , Dublin ) is an Irish footballer . O'Reilly plays as a right-back .

neg: Tiranny Tiranny is a barony in County Armagh , Northern Ireland . It lies on the western boundary of the county , bordering County Tyrone to its west and County Monaghan in the Republic of Ireland to its south . It is bordered by three other baronies in Northern Ireland : Dungannon Lower and Dungannon Upper to the north-west ; and Armagh to the east . It also borders two baronies in the Republic of Ireland ; Cremorne to the south and Trough to the west .

neg: Artigoran Artigoran is a townland in County Antrim , Northern Ireland .

neg: Brian Warfield Patrick Brian Warfield ( born 2 April 1946 , Holles Street , Dublin ) is the vocalist , banjo , harp and bodhrán player and lead songwriter with long-standing Irish band The Wolfe Tones . Brian introduces many of the songs at the Wolfe Tones live concerts and is a keen historian .   Warfield has written many songs for the Wolfe Tones , notably `` The Helicopter Song '' , `` Irish Eyes '' and `` My Heart is in Ireland '' . `` Let the People Sing '' , was written in dedication to those Irish ballad singers who were banned from singing Irish songs . It has been performed by many Celtic and Irish Rebel bands , including Celtic band Charlie and The Bhoys . The song is popular among fans of Celtic F.C. and a version performed by The Malleys , omitting the second verse , is played at Celtic Park on match days .   Warfield 's affiliation with The Celtic Football Club led to him being asked to write a song for the Club to celebrate its 100th Anniversary . As a result , Celtic Symphony was composed ; a song popular with many Celtic fans , but controversial due to its chorus . The chorus which features the words `` ooh , ah , up the RA '' was often seen as a pro-IRA stance , but according to its writer , Brian Warfield , these words were included in the balladic tradition of writing what is observed at the time .   As a songwriter , Warfield 's writing is typically a social commentary on Ireland and its issues . For the 2012 album , Child of Destiny , Warfield composed ` Swing A Banker ' , which is a comical ballad referring to Irish bankers as chickens . The music video was recorded outside the Treasury Building in Dublin . He is currently working on a musical about the famine .   He continues to tour with The Wolfe Tones with Tommy Byrne ( musician ) and Noel Nagle , although it was announced they will cease touring after their 50th Anniversary Tour in November 2014 .   Brian is married to June Warfield née Radburn and has four children ; Siobhan , Ciaran , Laragh and Ruaidhri . Siobhan and Ciaran both write songs and enjoy performing . He currently resides near Blessington , Co Wicklow .

neg: Alastair Galbraith (musician) Alastair Galbraith is a musician from Dunedin , New Zealand .

neg: Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh ( -LSB- ˈmaɾʲed̪ nʲiː ˈwiːn̪i -RSB- ) ( born 26 July 1959 ) is an Irish fiddler and the lead vocalist for the Irish folk music band Altan , which she co-founded with her late husband Frankie Kennedy in 1987 . Today , Mairéad is recognised as a leading exponent in the Donegal fiddle style , and she is often considered as one of the foremost singers in the Irish language , her native tongue . She was part of the Irish supergroup T with the Maggies who performed in January 2009 at Temple Bar TradFest in Dublin their first ever two concerts under that name and who released in October 2010 their debut ( and to date only ) album . After nearly 22 years with Altan , Mairéad released in February 2009 her debut ( and to date only ) solo album Imeall . After 29 years with Altan , Mairéad released in October 2016 her alternate band Na Mooneys ' debut album Na Mooneys .

neg: Finnegan Wakes Finnegan Wakes is a live album by The Dubliners . Recorded at the Gate Theatre on 26 and 27 April 1966 and produced by Nathan Joseph , this was The Dubliners ' final recording for Transatlantic Records . But it was also their first to feature their first established line-up of Ronnie Drew ( vocals and guitar ) , Barney McKenna ( tenor banjo and mandolin ) , Luke Kelly ( vocals and banjo ) , Ciarán Bourke ( vocals , guitar , tin whistle and harmonica ) and John Sheahan ( fiddle , tin whistle and mandolin ) . The album featured `` Nelson 's Farewell '' , a satirical song about the bombing and destruction of Nelson 's Pillar in O'Connell Street , Dublin on 8 March 1966 .

neg: Niall Burke Niall Burke ( born 21 May 1991 ) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a centre-forward for the Galway senior team .   Burke made his first appearance for the team during the 2012 National League and immediately became a regular member of the team . An All-Ireland medalist at minor and under-21 levels , Burke has also won a Leinster medal in the senior grade .   At club level Burke plays with the Oranmore-Maree club . He has also played for NUI Galway .

neg: The Wrigley Sisters Jennifer and Hazel Wrigley are an international folk music duo playing fiddle ( Jennifer ) and guitar/piano ( Hazel ) . Born in the Orkney Islands of Scotland , they started to play when given instruments on their 8th birthday and joined the Strathspey and Reel Society in their early years . In their early teens they were playing , often with Emma their older sister , at local concerts and ceilidhs around Orkney where they were spotted by Orkney 's only recording studio who launched them into Dancing Fingers their first album .   The success of this album moved them into the UK folk circuit but this proved arduous ( Cornwall to Middlesbrough in back-to-back gigs ) and eventually they moved to Edinburgh after launching their second album The Watch Stone .   Playing at London 's Barbican Centre in 1995 , they were spotted by a New Zealand music scout who invited them to play at the Auckland Folk Festival which prompted the twins to organise a `` world tour '' . At about that time Jennifer won the UK 's premier accolade for new folk talent ( BBC Young Tradition Award ) which helped boost the tour and their international reputation . Working without a manager , they organised a second world tour in 1999 and issued a third album Huldreland ( in the Folk Roots top ten of 1998 ) . Four transatlantic trips in 1999 cemented their place on the international folk scene .   In 2001 they issued an album `` Skyran . ''   In 2005 they returned to Orkney and acquired premises in Kirkwall where they launched The Reel a music/social centre offering an instrument/music shop , lessons to aspiring musicians ... and a coffee shop where ` sessions ' can often be heard .

neg: An Tiompan Gàidhealach The tiompán ( Irish ) or tiompan ( Scottish Gaelic ) was a stringed musical instrument used by the Gaelic musicians of Ireland and Scotland and probably therefore the Isle of Man .   The word ` timpán ' was of both masculine and feminine gender in classical Irish . It is theorised to derive from the Latin word ` tympanum ' ( tambourine or kettle drum ) and ` timpán ' does appear to be used in certain ancient texts to describe a drum .   The adjective ` timpánach ' referred to a performer on the instrument but is also recorded in one instance in the Dánta Grádha as describing a cruit . The feminine noun ` timpánacht ' referred to the art or practice of playing the tiompán .   In modern Irish traditional music , the word tiompan was used by Derek Bell , after Francis William Galpin 's theories , to refer to the hammered dulcimer .   Recorded players included Maol Ruanaidh Cam Ó Cearbhaill ( murdered 1329 ) . Finn Ó Haughluinn ( died 1490 ) was the last recorded player of the instrument .

neg: Kian Egan Kian John Francis Egan ( born 29 April 1980 ) is an Irish musician , best known as a former member of boy band Westlife . He is a coach on The Voice of Ireland and won the thirteenth series of I 'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here ! in 2013 .

neg: Rubyworks Records Rubyworks Records is an independent record label and music management company created in 2001 by Niall Muckian and based in Dublin , Ireland .   Rubyworks owns two subsidiary labels , Got ta Run Records and Model Citizen Records . In May 2012 Rubyworks merged with UK independent record label Ark Recordings .


query: Trevor Baxter is literate.

pos: Trevor Baxter Trevor Baxter ( born 18 November 1932 ) is a British actor and playwright . He was educated at Dulwich College and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art .   His credits include : Adam Adamant Lives ! , Z-Cars , Maelstrom , Thriller , Spy Trap , The New Avengers , Jack the Ripper , The Barchester Chronicles and Doctors . He is known for his appearance in the Doctor Who serial The Talons of Weng-Chiang ( 1977 ) as Professor George Litefoot . He reprised his role of Professor Litefoot in an episode of audio series , Doctor Who : The Companion Chronicles : The Mahogany Murderers . The following year he was Professor Litefoot again for a continuing series of Jago & Litefoot .   Trevor Baxter has appeared on stage with the RSC and in the West End , toured Shakespeare in South America with Sir Ralph Richardson , and also appeared in the USA in David Mamet 's A Life in the Theatre at Shakespeare Santa Cruz in 1986 . He has appeared in many films including Nutcracker ( 1983 ) , Parting Shots ( 1999 ) , Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) and Van Wilder : The Rise of Taj ( 2006 ) .   He has also written a number of plays including Lies , The Undertaking , and Office Games . His play Ripping Them Off was given its first performance at the Warehouse Theatre Croydon on 5 October 1990 , directed by Ted Craig and designed by Michael Pavelka . The cast consisted of : Ian Targett ( Graham ) , Angus Mackay ( Revd . Parkinson ) , Caroline Blakiston ( Grace ) , Annette Badland ( Hilda ) , Frank Ellis ( Julian ) , Ewart James Walters ( Max ) , Anthony Woodruff ( Pauken ) , Ian Burford ( Inspector Sands ) , Richard Clifford ( Jeff ) and C.P. Grogan ( Susanna ) .   In 2003 he adapted Oscar Wilde 's novella The Picture of Dorian Gray for the stage , followed in March 2005 by a touring version of Wilde 's short story , Lord Arthur Savile 's Crime , revived in January 2010 at the Theatre Royal Windsor , starring Lee Mead in the title role .   In 2013 Baxter continued to record Doctor Who audiobooks for Big Finish Productions as Professor Litefoot , having now completed twelve series .

neg: Middlebrow The term middlebrow describes easily accessible art , usually literature , and the people who use the arts to acquire culture and `` class '' ( social prestige ) . First used in the British satire magazine Punch in 1925 , the term middlebrow is the intermediary `` brow '' descriptor between highbrow and lowbrow , which are terms derived from the pseudo-science of phrenology .   The term middlebrow became a pejorative usage in the modernist cultural criticism , by Dwight Macdonald , Virginia Woolf , and Russell Lynes , which served the cause of the marginalization of the popular culture in favor of high culture . Culturally , the middlebrow is classed as a forced and ineffective attempt at cultural and intellectual achievement , and as characterizing literature that emphasizes emotional and sentimental connections , rather than intellectual quality and literary innovation ; although postmodernism more readily perceives the advantages of the middlebrow cultural-position that is aware of high culture , but is able to balance aesthetic claims with the claims of the everyday world .

neg: Steve Brook Steve Brook ( 1 August 1934 -- 13 August 2014 ) , was born in London , England and trained as a compositor in Sydney , Australia , was a Melbourne based satirical writer with a history of involvement in progressive causes , following a period as a journalist with Polish Radio in Warsaw .   Owing to his literary and historical talents , his writing , journalism , and biographical reflection is a significant source of documentation of the Jewish left in Australia and its international connections from outside academia and from the point of view of a non-ideological , humanist insider .   He had a Master of Arts from Monash University in Melbourne .   His account of time spent with the English language service of Polish Radio ( 1966-1974 ) is a sympathetic , but not uncritical look at Poland under Soviet hegemony where there were attempts to have ` socialism with a human face ' , as well as the Polish cultural scene in the 1960s and 1970s and the political use of anti-Semitism in Poland . Additionally , he was a journalist at 3CR radio in Melbourne in the 1970s when there were strong political differences between left factions , including the influence of local Maoists .   He was also a key member of the Australian Jewish Democratic Society ( AJDS ) , a progressive Australian organisation with roots going back to the pre-World War 2 left . His published writing , journalism , and frequent letters to the editor are an important source of otherwise undocumented political and social history of the Melbourne Left . In addition , he wrote frequent letters to the editor to the Australian Jewish News and the Newsletter of AJDS on Israel/Palestine issues .   In all his work he expressed a deep mistrust of official propaganda whether from the Left or the Right .   In `` Strawberries with Everything '' he said that this was why he went to live in Warsaw , `` behind the Iron Curtain '' , to discover for himself the degree of truth in anticommunism and its accompanying propaganda , which painted life in those parts as a kind of hell on earth .   Communist propaganda was , of course , a mirror image of this . He says the reality was a bit of both -- neither devils nor angels , but real people scarred and traumatised by the most horrific war in modern history which led to their political choices in the face of crisis , including communism in preference to the perception of continuing Fascism and Nazism during the Cold War . This factor , said Brook , is almost deliberately ignored in studies of the Soviet bloc .

neg: McDonald Road Library McDonald Road Library is one of 28 freely-accessible public libraries in Edinburgh , Scotland . The library opened in 1904 as the East Branch of the city 's library service . It is located on the corner of McDonald Road and Leith Walk , and is a category B listed building .   At its opening the library held a stock of 11,498 volumes and recorded in excess of 190,000 issues ( loans ) per annum during its early years . Books were not directly accessible by the public for browsing until after 1922 when Edinburgh 's library service switched to an `` open access '' approach to their collections . In the year the library opened the then-five public libraries serving the city issued 962,724 loans from stock .   The building is one of the original five branch libraries , constructed and opened after Central Library , under the stewardship of Hew Morrison who served as Principal Librarian between 1887 and 1922 . The fourth branch library constructed , McDonald Road was built with help from funding provided by the trustees of a bequest from publisher Thomas Nelson to provide `` shelter halls '' for the working men of the city .   By 1950 , the stock of volumes held in the library had more than tripled : 33,963 in the main collection and 6,211 in the junior reading room . Issues from the stock were 285,559 and 57,557 respectively . With the city much expanded , being served by Central Library , thirteen branch libraries , other suburban and deposited libraries , mobile and hospital services , plus books for the blind , the city 's community was provided with access to over 650,000 volumes and the combined issues from the service totalled over four million lendings .   As with all public libraries in Edinburgh , adult collections are organised using the Library of Congress Classification system . Since Wigan dropped the system during a 1974 local government reorganisation , Edinburgh is the only municipality in the UK continuing to use it . Children 's books are organised under the more-widespread Dewey Decimal Classification scheme .   McDonald Road branch is open to the public seven days a week ; with disabled access . It is on nine bus routes , offers free Wi-Fi , public computer access , a business hub , `` Bookbug '' sessions for pre-school children , five book/reading groups , a children 's craft drop-in and some local councillors ' surgeries .

neg: The Bookseller The Bookseller is a British magazine reporting news on the publishing industry . Philip Jones is editor-in-chief of the weekly print edition of the magazine and the website . The magazine is home to the Bookseller/Diagram Prize for Oddest Title of the Year , a humorous award given annually to the book with the oddest title . The award is organised by The Bookseller '' 's diarist , Horace Bent , and had been administered in recent years by the former deputy editor , Joel Rickett , and former charts editor , Philip Stone . We Love This Book is its quarterly sister consumer website and email newsletter .   The subscription-only magazine is read by around 30,000 persons each week , in over 90 countries , and contains the latest news from the publishing and bookselling worlds , in-depth analysis , pre-publication book previews and author interviews . It is the first publication to publish official weekly bestseller lists in the UK . It has also created the first UK-based e-book sales ranking . The website is visited by 160,000 unique users each month .   The magazine also produces approximately a dozen specials on an annual basis including its Books of The Year and four `` Buyers Guides '' . The Bookseller '' also publishes three daily newspapers at the annual London Book Fair , in April , the Bologna Children 's Book Fair and the Frankfurt Book Fair , in October .

neg: Baxter Baxter may refer to :   Baxter ( name ) , English surname ( includes list of people bearing the name )

neg: BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s .   BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list .   Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .

neg: An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings .   Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful .   Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .

neg: The Norton Anthology of English Literature The Norton Anthology of English Literature is an anthology of English literature published by the W. W. Norton & Company . First published in 1962 , it has gone through nine editions in a half-century ; as of 2006 there are over eight million copies in print , making it the publisher 's best-selling anthology . M. H. Abrams , a critic and scholar of Romanticism , served as General Editor for its first seven editions , before handing the job to Stephen Greenblatt , a Shakespeare scholar and Harvard professor . The anthology provides an overview of poetry , drama , prose fiction , essays , and letters from Beowulf to the beginning of the 21st century .

neg: Hay Festival The Hay Festival of Literature & Arts is an annual literature festival held in Hay-on-Wye , Powys , Wales , for ten days from May to June . Devised by Norman and Peter Florence in 1988 , the festival was described by Bill Clinton in 2001 as `` The Woodstock of the mind '' . Tony Benn said : `` In my mind it 's replaced Christmas '' . Florence continues to be director of the Festival .   Hay-on-Wye was already well known for its many bookshops before the festival was launched . Richard Booth opened his first shop there in 1962 , and by the 1970s Hay had gained the nickname `` The Town of Books '' . From its inception , the festival was held at a variety of venues around Hay , including the local Primary School , until 2005 when it moved to a unified location just south of the town .   The Guardian was the main sponsor of the festival from 2002 to 2010 , succeeding The Sunday Times . The Daily Telegraph and its associated brands in Telegraph Media Group had two terms as 3-year sponsors , starting with the 2011 festival . From 2017 , the Tata Group and Baillie Gifford are amongst the principal sponsors , along with the BBC and many non-media companies such as the Arts Council of Wales and the British Council .   The festival has expanded over the years to include musical performances and film previews . A children 's festival , `` Hay Fever '' , runs alongside the main festival . It has also expanded internationally and sister festivals take place in Arequipa , Nairobi , Dhaka , Zacatecas , The Maldives , Kerala at Thiruvananthapuram , Beirut , Belfast , Cartagena , the Alhambra Palace , Parc Prison in Bridgend and Segovia . In 2009 Hay Festival also took on the ailing Brecon Jazz Festival . It is run by a not-for-profit company , and entrance is free to students .   The Hay Festival was one of 11 Welsh winners of The Queen 's Awards for Enterprise for 2009 . The 2009 festival included writers Carol Ann Duffy , David Simon , Stephen Fry , David Nicholls , Jenny Valentine and Melvyn Bragg , scientists Martin Rees and Sabine Bahn , economists Anthony Giddens , Nicholas Stern , Howard Davies and Danny Quah , comedians Dylan Moran , Dara Ó Briain and Sandi Toksvig , and general speakers David Frost , Desmond Tutu , Rowan Williams and Rhodri Morgan .   The 2012 festival included writers Martin Amis , Jung Chang , Louis de Bernières , Mark Haddon , Mario Vargas Llosa , Hilary Mantel , Ian McEwan , Michael Morpurgo , Ben Okri , Ian Rankin , Salman Rushdie , Owen Sheers , Jeanette Winterson , comedians Bill Bailey , Rob Brydon , Julian Clary , Jack Dee , Tim Minchin , politicians Peter Hain and Boris Johnson , scientists John D. Barrow , Martin Rees , Simon Singh , and general speakers Harry Belafonte , William Dalrymple , Stephen Fry , A.C. Grayling , Germaine Greer , Michael Ignatieff , and David Starkey .   Sessions at the Hay Festival have been recorded for television and radio programmes such as The Readers ' and Writers ' Roadshow and The One Show . All the BBC 's national radio channels apart from Radio One have been involved in broadcasting from the festival , and Sky Arts showed highlights of the festival from 2010 until 2013 , handing over the main coverage to the BBC for the 2014 event .

neg: Beta reader An alpha reader or beta reader ( also spelled alphareader / betareader , or shortened to alpha / beta ) , also pre-reader or critiquer , is a non-professional reader who reads a written work , generally fiction , with the intent of looking over the material to find and improve elements such as grammar and spelling , as well as suggestions to improve the story , its characters , or its setting . Beta reading is typically done before the story is released for public consumption . Beta readers are not explicitly proofreaders or editors , but can serve in that context .   Elements highlighted by beta readers encompass things such as plot holes , problems with continuity , characterisation or believability ; in fiction and non-fiction , the beta might also assist the author with fact-checking .

neg: The Reader (magazine) The Reader is a Liverpool-based literary magazine published quarterly by The Reader Organisation . The magazine was founded in 1997 by Sarah Coley , Jane Davis , and Angela Macmillan with a grant from the University of Liverpool 's School of English . It operated as part of the University of Liverpool until 2008 when the parent organisation became an independent charitable body . The Reader magazine is currently edited by Philip Davis , author , biographer , and Professor of English at the University of Liverpool . The Deputy Editor is Sarah Coley .   The magazine features original poetry and short fiction , essays , interviews and recommendations with an emphasis on the enjoyment of reading good quality writing . Issues are based loosely around a given theme , with letters , a crossword and the famously tricky ` Buck 's Quiz ' making up the last section . Since taking over the editorship from his wife in 2007 Philip Davis has overseen a successful redesign and relaunch and the magazine now includes a small amount of photography . The magazine has managed to attract many high-profile contributors over the years , including A. S. Byatt , Howard Jacobson , Seamus Heaney , Will Self , Graham Swift , John Kinsella , Les Murray , John Carey , Bel Mooney and Jonathan Bate .   As well as the magazine , The Reader Organisation promotes live literature and outreach events and educational community-based projects such as Get Into Reading , promoting and researching the therapeutic value of reading ( ` bibliotherapy ' ) . In this context The Reader supports and works with other U.K. arts in health charities such as Poems in the Waiting Room . In 2008 it spun off from the University of Liverpool as an independent charitable organisation with Blake Morrison as its Chair and Jane Davis as director .

neg: Rodney Baxter Rodney James Baxter FRS FAA ( born 8 February 1940 in London , United Kingdom ) is an Australian physicist , specializing in statistical mechanics . He is well known for his work in exactly solved models , in particular vertex models such as the six-vertex model and eight-vertex model , and the chiral Potts model and hard hexagon model . A recurring theme in the solution of such models , the Yang-Baxter equation , also known as the `` star triangle relation '' , is named in his honour .

neg: Baxter College Baxter College is a mixed secondary school with academy status located in Kidderminster , Worcestershire , England . Prior to September 2002 the school was known as Harry Cheshire High School . The school provides education for pupils aged 11 to 18 years , and offers a wide range of courses at GCSE and A-Level .

neg: Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature .   Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts .   Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures .   Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .

neg: Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century .   The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history .   In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' .   Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .

neg: Mario Reading Mario G. Reading ( 1953 - 29 January 2017 ) was a British author .   Reading was born in Bournemouth in 1953 , son of Gordon and Lieselotte Reading . He was brought up in England , Germany , and the South of France , and educated at Rugby School and at the University of East Anglia , where he studied Comparative Literature under Malcolm Bradbury and Angus Wilson .   His novels include The Music-Makers , and the bestselling Antichrist Trilogy ( which has sold more than a million copies in 39 countries ) , comprising The Nostradamus Prophecies , The Mayan Codex , and The Third Antichrist . His newest series of novels features photojournalist John `` The Templar '' Hart : The Templar Prophecy came out in 2014 , The Templar Inheritance in April 2015 , and Hart 's newest adventure , The Templar Succession , appeared in April 2016 .   He was a member of Mensa and the ultra high IQ organisation , The International Society For Philosophical Enquiry -LSB- ISPE -RSB- . In 2015 , he was voted one of the Top 100 Most Spiritually Influential Living People by Watkins Mind Body Spirit Magazine .   After years of battling cancer , Mario Reading died on 29 January 2017 .

neg: Encyclopedia An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia is a reference work or compendium providing a comprehensive summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or from a particular field or discipline .  Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are often arranged alphabetically by article name and sometimes by thematic categories . Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries . Generally speaking , unlike dictionary entries which focus on linguistic information about words , such as their meaning , pronunciation , use , and grammatical forms , encyclopedia articles focus on factual information concerning the subject named in the article 's title .   Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years and have evolved considerably since that time as to language ( written in a major international or a vernacular language ) , size ( few or many volumes ) , intent ( presentation of a global or a limited range of knowledge ) , cultural perceptions ( authoritative , ideological , didactic , utilitarian ) , authorship ( qualifications , style ) , readership ( education level , background , interests , capabilities ) , and the technologies available for their production and distribution ( hand-written manuscripts , small or large print runs , internet production ) . As a valued source of reliable information compiled by experts , printed versions found a prominent place in libraries , schools and other educational institutions .   The appearance of digital and open-source versions in the 20th century has vastly expanded the accessibility , authorship , readership , and variety of encyclopedia entries and called into question the idea of what an encyclopedia is and the relevance of applying to such dynamic productions the traditional criteria for assembling and evaluating print encyclopedias .

neg: Outstanding Academic Title According to the American Library Association , the prestigious Outstanding Academic Titles list `` reflects the best in scholarly titles ... and brings with it the extraordinary recognition of the academic library community . ''   Every year , in its January issue , ` Choice : Current Reviews for Academic Libraries , or simply Choice chooses a selection of the books reviewed in the last year as `` Outstanding Academic Titles '' ( `` Outstanding Academic Books '' until 2000 ) . The selection covers around 10 % of the roughly 7000 books reviewed annually . Choice ' , published by the Association of College and Research Libraries ( ACRL ) , is often cited ad the premier source for reviews of academic books , electronic media , and Internet resources of interest to those in higher education .   Most academic libraries in the United States use Choice for selecting and purchasing materials . According to the ACRL , Choice reaches 22,000 librarians and an estimated 13,000 higher education faculty in almost every undergraduate college and university library in the United States , along with many larger public libraries , and special and governmental libraries .   Reviews are published monthly in Choice magazine and ChoiceReviews.online . Choice publishes approximately 7,000 reviews per year in 50 subdisciplines spanning the humanities , science and technology , and the social and behavioral sciences . Selections for Outstanding Academic Titles are by unpaid scholars who act as experts in their respective fields of study . A list of Outstanding Academic Titles may be viewed at the ALA Outstanding Academic Title portal .

neg: Guys Read Guys Read is a web-based literacy program for boys founded by author Jon Scieszka in 2001 . Its mission is `` to help boys become self-motivated , lifelong readers '' by bringing attention to the issue , promoting the expansion of what is called `` reading '' to include materials like comic books , and encouraging grown men to be literacy role models .   Scieszka says , `` It kind of came out of my experience both as growing up a guy , for starters , and then going into elementary school teaching , where I found that the guy sensibility is n't really appreciated there , mostly that the world of elementary school is probably like 85 % women - teachers and librarians . '' As for how exactly to motivate boys to read , Scieszka says , `` I think the best way to do it is to give them things they like to read ... What we have n't done with boys is we have n't really given them a broad range of reading . In schools , what 's seen as reading is so narrow : it 's literary , realistic fiction . ''   The Guys Read website includes a large list of `` books that guys read '' , instructions as to how to start a Guys Read `` field office '' ( or book club ) , a blog , and links to many boy-loved authors ' websites .   Guys Write for Guys Read , the first book to come out of the program , is a compilation that features over eighty stories and illustrations from noted male authors and illustrators who shared stories from their own childhoods .   In 2010 , Scieszka started the Guys Read Library of Great Reading -- collections of original short stories by male and female authors who boys enjoy reading , grouped by genre . The first volume is humor , Guys Read : Funny Business ; the second is mystery , Guys Read : Thriller ; the third is sports , Guys Read : The Sports Pages . The fourth volume in the collection is sci-fi/fantasy , titled Guys Read : Other Worlds . The fifth volume 's theme is nonfiction , titled Guys Read : True Stories . A sixth volume , whose theme is horror , titled Guys Read : Terrifying Tales , was released on September 1 , 2015 .

neg: Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles .   Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .


query: Memorial Day is not officially recognized by any government.

pos: Memorial Day Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country 's armed forces . The holiday , which is currently observed every year on the last Monday of May , was held on May 30 from 1868-1971 . It marks the start of the unofficial summer vacation season , while Labor Day marks its end .   Many people visit cemeteries and memorials , particularly to honor those who have died in military service . Many volunteers place an American flag on each grave in national cemeteries .   Memorial Day is not to be confused with Veterans Day ; Memorial Day is a day of remembering the men and women who died while serving , while Veterans Day celebrates the service of all U.S. military veterans .

pos: Federal holidays in the United States In the United States , a federal holiday is an authorized holiday which has been recognized by the US government . Every year on a US federal holiday , non-essential federal government offices are closed , and every federal employee is paid for the holiday . Private-sector employees required to work on a legal holiday may receive holiday pay in addition to their ordinary wages .   Federal holidays are designated by the United States Congress in Title V of the United States Code . Congress has authority to create holidays only for federal institutions ( including federally owned properties ) and employees , and for the District of Columbia . However , as a general rule other institutions , including banks , post offices , and schools , may be closed on those days . In various parts of the country , state and city holidays may be observed in addition to the federal holidays .

neg: World Freedom Day (United States) World Freedom Day is a United States federal observance declared by then-President George W. Bush to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe . It started in 2001 and is celebrated on November 9 .   For this occasion , conservative youth groups such as Young America 's Foundation and the College Republicans urge students to commemorate this day ( which they mark as the start of `` Freedom Week , '' thus including Veterans Day ) by `` celebrating victory over communism '' through provocative flyer campaigns and activism projects . Many conservative political commentators and activists use World Freedom Day as an occasion in which to acclaim President Ronald Reagan , whom they regard as being responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War .

neg: Loving Day Loving Day is an annual celebration held on June 12 , the anniversary of the 1967 United States Supreme Court decision Loving v. Virginia which struck down all anti-miscegenation laws remaining in sixteen U.S. states . '' In the United States , anti-miscegenation laws were U.S. state laws banning interracial marriage , mainly forbidding marriage between non-whites and whites .   Loving Day is not an officially recognized holiday by the U.S. government , but there was a movement to persuade U.S. President Barack Obama to make it so . Loving Day is the biggest multiracial celebration in the United States .

neg: Public holidays in Israel Note : for exact dates in the Gregorian calendar see Jewish holidays 2000-2050 .   Public holidays in Israel refers to national holidays officially recognized by the Knesset , Israel 's parliament . Independence Day is observed by all citizens while others are Jewish religious festivals .   The following list includes national holidays , Jewish holidays , fast days and memorial days . Many businesses and government offices allow workers to choose an additional one or two days of leave from the list of non-official holidays . Collective leave is also a common habit in many businesses and government offices during Chol HaMoed . All holidays start at sunset , and workplaces typically close down on the afternoon of the holiday 's eve . Some services resume their work the following evening , while most workers continue the holiday until the next morning .   Weekends in Israel are Friday to Saturday . The law designates 36 hours of weekly holiday from Friday afternoon until Sunday morning , but most businesses and offices are closed all day on Fridays .

neg: Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice The Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice ( Día de la Memoria por la Verdad y la Justicia ) is a public holiday in Argentina , commemorating the victims of the Dirty War . It is held on 24 March , the anniversary of the coup d'état of 1976 that brought the National Reorganization Process to power .   The commemoration was sanctioned as Law 25633 by the Argentine National Congress on 1 August 2002 , and promulgated by the Executive Branch on 22 August of the same year . However , it was not implemented as a public national holiday until 2006 . The 30th anniversary of the coup was marked by massive demonstrations .

neg: National War Memorial (Newfoundland) The National War Memorial in Downtown St. John 's is the most elaborate of all the post World War I monuments in Newfoundland and Labrador . It was erected at King 's Beach on Water Street where , in 1583 , Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for England . It was formally unveiled on Memorial Day , July 1 , 1924 by Field Marshal Douglas Haig , 1st Earl Haig . The term `` National '' refers to this monument being built by the Dominion of Newfoundland as a nation , before it became part of Canada .   The Great War Veterans ' Association and the Newfoundland Patriotic Association launched the campaign to have the National War Memorial established . They developed a committee to establish the design and undertake the fund-raising to pay for the proposed memorial . Construction of the memorial was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel Father Thomas Nangle , the Roman Catholic Padre of Royal Newfoundland Regiment and ( Ret ) Captain Gerald ( Gerry ) Whitty

neg: Kansas Day Kansas Day is a holiday in the state of Kansas in the United States . It is celebrated annually on January 29 to commemorate the anniversary of the 1861 admission of Kansas into the Union . It was first celebrated in 1877 by schoolchildren in Paola .   Annual Kansas Day celebrations include school field trips and special projects to study the history of Kansas , special visits by students to the Statehouse in Topeka , performances of Home on the Range , the Kansas State Song , and special proclamations by the Governor of Kansas and members of the Kansas Legislature .

neg: Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington , D.C. , dedicated to Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 -- 1826 ) , one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence , member of the Continental Congress , governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia , American minister to King Louis XVI and the Kingdom of France , first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington , the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams , and also the third President ( 1801 -- 1809 ) , as well as being the founder of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville , Virginia .   The neoclassical Memorial building on the Tidal Basin off the Washington Channel of the Potomac River was designed by the architect John Russell Pope and built by the Philadelphia contractor John McShain . Construction of the building began in 1939 and was completed in 1943 . The bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 .   The Jefferson Memorial is managed by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior under its National Mall and Memorial Parks division . In 2007 , it was ranked fourth on the `` List of America 's Favorite Architecture '' by the American Institute of Architects .

neg: Anniversary An anniversary is the date on which an event took place or an institution was founded in a previous year , and may also refer to the commemoration or celebration of that event . For example , the first event is the initial occurrence or , if planned , the inaugural of the event . One year later would be the first anniversary of that event . The word was first used for Catholic feasts to commemorate saints .   Most countries celebrate national anniversaries , typically called national days . These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution or form of government . The important dates in a sitting monarch 's reign may also be commemorated , an event often referred to as a `` jubilee '' .

neg: State of Deseret The State of Deseret ( -LSB- dɛzəˈrɛt -RSB- ) was a provisional state of the United States , proposed in 1849 by settlers from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) in Salt Lake City . The provisional state existed for slightly over two years and was never recognized by the United States government . The name derives from the word for `` honeybee '' in the Book of Mormon .

neg: Emancipation Memorial The Emancipation Memorial , also known as the Freedman 's Memorial or the Emancipation Group , and sometimes referred to as the `` Lincoln Memorial '' before the more prominent so-named memorial was built , is a monument in Lincoln Park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington , D.C.   Designed and sculpted by Thomas Ball and erected in 1876 , the monument depicts Abraham Lincoln in his role of the `` Great Emancipator '' freeing a male African American slave modeled on Archer Alexander . The ex-slave is depicted on one knee , with one fist clenched , shirtless and shackled at the president 's feet .   The statue originally faced west towards the U.S. Capitol until it was rotated east in 1974 in order to face the newly-erected Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial .   The monument has long been the subject of controversy . According to information from American University :   Despite being paid for by African Americans , historian Kirk Savage in 1997 condemned it as `` a monument entrenched in and perpetuating racist ideology '' because of the supplicant and inferior position of the Black figure .   The statue is a contributing monument to the Civil War Monuments in Washington , DC , of the National Register of Historic Places .

neg: Military orders, awards and decorations A military decoration is an award , usually a medal of some sort that consists of a ribbon and medallion given to an individual as a distinctively designed mark of honor denoting heroism , or meritorious or outstanding service or achievement . While the United States Government does not consider all its military awards and medals as being `` decorations '' , other countries tend to refer to all their military awards and medals as `` decorations '' .   Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations , although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions . Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations , on which they may be modelled , although they are strictly not military awards .

neg: Not My Presidents Day `` Not My Presidents Day '' ( sometimes `` Not My President 's Day '' , or `` Not My Presidents ' Day '' ) was a series of rallies against the President of the United States , Donald Trump , held on Washington 's Birthday ( an American federal holiday also known as Presidents ' Day ) , February 20 , 2017 . Protests were held in dozens of cities throughout the United States . Demonstrations were also held outside London 's Houses of Parliament , and in Orkney .   The marches were mostly coordinated through Facebook . Organizers of the protest stated that although Trump was the president , they wanted to show that he did not represent their values . Los Angeles was the first city to plan a `` Not My Presidents Day '' rally , which was attended by more than a thousand protesters . New York City saw the largest demonstration , with an estimated 10,000 to 13,000 people attending a rally outside Trump International Hotel and Tower . The events were mostly peaceful , although thirteen people were arrested in Portland , Oregon .

neg: Maritime Day Maritime Days are holidays typically established to recognize accomplishments in the maritime field .

neg: Holocaust Memorial Days Holocaust Memorial Day or Holocaust Remembrance Day refers to various countries ' designated annual day of commemoration honoring the victims , survivors and rescuers of the Holocaust during the Nazi German regime .   As of 2004 , twelve countries observed January 27 , the day of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp , including Germany , Britain , France , Italy and Scandinavian countries . In 2004 Israel designated this date as a mark of the struggle against anti-Semitism .   As of 2004 , eleven countries in Europe had chosen dates related to local histories .

neg: Laos Memorial The Laos and Hmong Memorial , or Lao Veterans of America Monument , is a granite monument , bronze plaque and living memorial ( that includes an Atlas Cedar tree ) in Arlington National Cemetery . It is located in Section 2 on Grant Avenue between the path to the JFK memorial and the Tomb of the Unknowns , in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia , in the United States . The Laos - Hmong memorial commemorates the veterans of the `` Secret War '' in Laos who fought against invading Soviet Union-backed North Vietnam Army forces of the People 's Army of Vietnam and communist Pathet Lao guerrillas .   Approved by the U.S. Department of Defense , Arlington National Cemetery , and the U.S. Department of the Army , but designed and paid for privately by the Lao Veterans of America , Inc. , the Lao Veterans of America Institute , and The Centre for Public Policy Analysis , the memorial stands as a tribute to the Hmong , Lao , other ethnic groups ( Lao , Khmu , Mien , Lahu ) , and American clandestine and military advisers who made up the Secret War effort during the Vietnam War . The Lao Veterans of America , Inc. is the nation 's largest ethnic Laotian - and Hmong-American veterans organization .

neg: United Nations Year for Tolerance The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 1995 the United Nations Year for Tolerance with UNESCO as the lead organization . ( It had invited the Economic and Social Council to consider the matter in an earlier session . )   The idea and practice of tolerance was widely promoted in schools in many member states . Tolerance was held to be an ` endangered virtue ' in many parts of the world , particularly those who were under racial and religious wars , such as those in Bosnia and Rwanda . UNESCO said that five key planks were required to overcome intolerance : law , education , access to information , individual awareness and local solutions . Tolerance is thus a political , legal and moral duty to protect and preserve human rights .   The International Day for Tolerance is now celebrated on November 16 every year , in recognition of the Paris Declaration which was signed that day in 1995 by 185 member states .   In 1995 , a press conference was held at the United Nations by 12-year-old Mark Semotiuk who launched his book `` 401 Goofy Jokes for Kids '' which united kids from Ukraine , Canada and the United States , as one of the symbols for the United Nations Year for Tolerance .

neg: Canberra Day Canberra Day is a public holiday held annually on the second Monday in March in the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) to celebrate the official naming of Canberra . Canberra was named at a ceremony on 12 March 1913 by Lady Denman , the wife of the then Governor-General Lord Denman .   On 3 March 2007 , the ACT Minister Andrew Barr ( now Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory ) introduced a bill to change the day of Canberra Day to the second Monday in March so it falls closer more often to the actual birthday of Canberra . Previously it had been held on the third Monday in March . In 2012 Canberra Day fell on 12 March . In 2013 it fell on 11 March , for the Centenary of Canberra .   Annual events associated with Canberra Day include the Canberra Festival , which runs from 11-20 March 2011 , the Chief Minister 's Canberra Day Awards Ceremony , and the Canberra Festival Balloon Spectacular .

neg: The National WWII Museum The National WWII Museum , formerly known as the D-Day Museum , is a military history museum located in the Central Business District of New Orleans , Louisiana , on Andrew Higgins Drive between Camp Street and Magazine Street . The museum focuses on the contribution made by the United States to Allied victory in World War II . Founded in 2000 , it was later designated by the U.S. Congress as America 's official National World War II Museum in 2003 . The Museum maintains an affiliation with the Smithsonian Institution . The mission statement of the Museum emphasizes the American experience in World War II .

neg: United Nations' International Day of Persons with Disabilities International Day of Persons with Disabilities ( December 3 ) is an international observance promoted by the United Nations since 1992 . It has been celebrated with varying degrees of success around the planet . The observance of the Day aims to promote an understanding of disability issues and mobilize support for the dignity , rights and well-being of persons with disabilities . It also seeks to increase awareness of gains to be derived from the integration of persons with disabilities in every aspect of political , social , economic and cultural life . It was originally called `` International Day of Disabled Persons '' until 2007 . Each year the day focuses on a different issue .

neg: Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 `` MBTA '' redirects here . For the Boston , MA based transportation company , see Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority .   The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 ( MBTA ) , codified at ( although § 709 is omitted ) , is a United States federal law , first enacted in 1916 in order to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Great Britain ( acting on behalf of Canada ) . The statute makes it unlawful without a waiver to pursue , hunt , take , capture , kill or sell birds listed therein ( `` migratory birds '' ) . The statute does not discriminate between live or dead birds and also grants full protection to any bird parts including feathers , eggs and nests . Over 800 species are currently on the list .   Some exceptions to the act , including the eagle feather law , are enacted in federal regulations , which regulates the taking , possession , and transportation of bald eagles , golden eagles , and their `` parts , nests , and eggs '' for `` scientific , educational , and depredation control purposes ; for the religious purposes of American Indian tribes ; and to protect other interests in a particular locality . '' Enrolled members of federally recognized tribes may apply for an eagle permit for use in `` bona fide tribal religious ceremonies . ''   The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issues permits for otherwise prohibited activities under the act . These include permits for taxidermy , falconry , propagation , scientific and educational use , and depredation , an example of the latter being the killing of geese near an airport , where they pose a danger to aircraft .   The Act was enacted in an era when many bird species were threatened by the commercial trade in birds and bird feathers . The Act was one of the first federal environmental laws ( the Lacey Act had been enacted in 1900 ) . The Act replaced the earlier Weeks-McLean Act ( 1913 ) . Since 1918 , similar conventions between the United States and four other nations have been made and incorporated into the MBTA : Mexico ( 1936 ) , Japan ( 1972 ) and the Soviet Union ( 1976 , now its successor state Russia ) . Some of the conventions stipulate protections not only for the birds themselves , but also for habitats and environs necessary for the birds ' survival .   Constitutionally this law is of interest as it is a use of the federal treaty-making power to override the provisions of state law . The principle that the federal government may do this was upheld in the case Missouri v. Holland .