query: Beijing is rarely a city.

pos: Beijing Beijing ( formerly romanised as Peking ) is the capital of the People 's Republic of China and the world 's third most populous city proper . It is also one of the world 's most populous capital cities . The city , located in northern China , is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban , suburban , and rural districts . Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighbouring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast ; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China .   As a city combining both modern and traditional architecture , Beijing is an ever-changing megacity rich in history but also truly modern , exemplified in its global influence in politics , business & economy , education , history , culture , language , music , sporting , architecture , civilization , fashion , art , entertainment , innovation and technology . Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation 's political , cultural , and educational centre . It is home to the headquarters of most of China 's largest state-owned companies , and is a major hub for the national highway , expressway , railway , and high-speed rail networks . The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010 , and , , the city 's subway network is the busiest and second longest in the world , after Shanghai 's subway system .   The city 's history dates back three millennia . As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China , Beijing has been the political centre of the country for much of the past eight centuries . With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides , in addition to the old inner and outer city walls , Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital . Beijing was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium A.D. . The city is renowned for its opulent palaces , temples , parks , gardens , tombs , walls and gates . Its art treasures and universities have made it centre of culture and art in China . Encyclopædia Britannica notes that `` few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China . '' Beijing has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites -- the Forbidden City , Temple of Heaven , Summer Palace , Ming Tombs , Zhoukoudian , as well as parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal , all popular locations for tourism . siheyuans , the city 's traditional housing style , and hutongs , the narrow alleys between siheyuans , are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing . The city hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and was chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics , making it the first city to ever host both Winter and Summer Olympics .   Many of Beijing 's 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China , of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are ranked in the top 60 universities of the world . In 2015 , 52 companies of the Fortune Global 500 company headquarters were located in Beijing , more than any other city in the world , including state-owned enterprises State Grid , China National Petroleum , and Sinopec Group , ranked 2nd , 3rd , and 4th , respectively . Beijing CBD is quickly becoming the center for Beijing 's economic expansion , rapid modernization , and radically changing skyline , with the ongoing or recently completed construction of multiple skyscrapers . Beijing 's Zhongguancun area is also known as China 's Silicon Valley and China 's center of innovation and technology entrepreneurship . According to the 2016 InterNations Expat Insider Survey , Beijing ranked first in Asia in the subcategory `` Personal Finance Index , '' a measure of expats ' salaries versus cost of living in the city . Expats live primarily in urban districts such as Dongcheng and Chaoyang in the east , or in suburban districts such as Shunyi .

neg: Mentougou District Mentougou District is a district in western Beijing . Spanning 1321 km2 , with 266,591 inhabitants ( 2000 Census ) , it is subdivided into 4 subdistricts of the city proper of Beijing and 9 towns ( 1 of which is a suburb of the city proper of Beijing ) .   It lies in the Western Hills of Beijing and is mountainous in terrain . In fact , the mountainous terrain -- including a hundred or more peaks -- occupy a stunning 93 % of the entire area .   It is a treasure trove of natural resources , including coal , limestone , and granite .   Mentougou also supplies Beijing with agricultural produce such as roses , wild jujubes , mushrooms , and Beijing white pears .   The district was purely a rural area well into the early 1990s and was not considered as part of Beijing by the urban population , and as of today , many parts of Mentougou remain quite rural . The 6th Ring Road cuts through the eastern , more urbanised section of Mentougou Precinct .   Mining is one of the key industrial activities . Around 10 medium and large mining companies once operated in Mentougou , but some of them have ceased operations as mineral deposits have been depleted . The first known mining activity in Mentougou was documented during the Ming Dynasty .

neg: Urban society in China There is considerable confusion in both Chinese and foreign sources over definitions of urban places and hence considerable variation in estimates of China 's urban population ( see Migration in China ) .   The problem of determining the size of the urban population reflects inconsistent and changing administrative categories ; the distinction between rural and urban household registry and between categories of settlements ; the practice of placing suburban or rural districts under the administration of municipal governments ; and the differences in the status accorded to small towns . In sociological terms , urban refers to an area characterized by a relatively high degree of specialization in occupational roles , many special-purpose institutions , and uniform treatment of people in impersonal settings . In this sense , a Chinese market town is more urban than a village , and settlements become more urban as they grow in size and economic complexity . Municipalities like Beijing and Shanghai have the highest degree of division of labor and the most specialized institutions .

neg: Tianjin Modern Industry The modern industry of Tianjin was started with Tianjin Machine Factory which was established by the Qing government during the Self-Strengthening Movement . Afterwards , Yuan Shikai promoted new policies in Tianjin . Numerous modern industrial enterprises mushroomed in Hebei New District in the northern bank of the Hai River . Including Zhou Xuexi , many industrialists established large enterprise groups that were managed by merchant and supervised by the government . By the beginning of the 20th century , Chinese private enterprises were booming . Among them is the most representative Yongli Alkali Factory which won the gold award and certificate in Philadelphia , the U.S. in 1926 by the soldium carbonate it produced . The factory was praised as `` the symbol of developing important chemical industry of the Republic China '' . The development of Tianjin 's modern industrial and the establishment of the Concessions in Tianjin contributed to the rapid expansion of modern Tianjin to become the biggest city and center of industry and commerce in northern China , as well as the second biggest city of industry , finance and trade in China . The development of Tianjin modern industry mainly went through four stages : initial period , evolution period , booming period and occupied period . Because of the industrial boom of Tianjin modern industry , the government of Tianjin built The Tianjin Museum of Modern Industry in Divergence estuary for commemoration .

neg: Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang ( -LSB- - cmnsh ^ 2 . jia1.zhuang1 -RSB- ) , formerly romanized Shihkiachwang , is the capital and largest city of North China 's Hebei Province . Administratively a prefecture-level city , it is about 263 km southwest of Beijing , and it administers eight districts , two county-level cities , and 12 counties .   As of 2015 it had a total population of 10,701,600 with 4,303,700 in the central ( or metro ) area comprising the seven districts and the county of Zhengding largely conurbated with the Shijiazhuang metropolitan area as urbanization continues to proliferate . Shijiazhuang 's total population ranked twelfth in mainland China .   Shijiazhuang experienced dramatic growth after the founding of the People 's Republic of China in 1949 . The population of the metropolitan area has more than quadrupled in 30 years as a result of industrialization and infrastructural developments . From 2008 to 2011 , Shijiazhuang implemented a three-year plan which concluded with the reorganization of the city resulting in an increase of green areas and new buildings and roads . A train station , airport and a subway system have been opened .   Shijiazhuang is situated east of the Taihang Mountains ( Chinese : 太行山 ; pinyin : Tàiháng Shān ) , a mountain range extending over 400 kilometres from north to south with an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 metres ( 4,900 to 6,600 ft ) ; making Shijiazhuang a place for hiking , outdoor trips and cycling .

neg: List of Chinese administrative divisions by life expectancy Life expectancy  Life expectancy  Life expectancy  This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People 's Republic of China ( P.R.C. ) , including all provinces , autonomous regions , special administrative regions and municipalities , in order of their life expectancy in 2010 .   The figures are from the 2013 Yearbook published by the Bureau of Statistics of the PRC . The Beijing and Shanghai figures are 2015 data from List of Chinese cities by life expectancy . The Hong Kong and Macau figures are 2016 figures from the CIA World Factbook . Note that there is a 2-year or 3-year gap between those figures .

neg: Rural society in China Rural society in the People 's Republic of China occupies more than a half of China 's population ( roughly 55 % ) and has a varied range of standard of living and means of living . Life in rural China differs from that of urban China . In southern and coastal China , rural areas are developing and , in some areas , statistically approaching urban economies . In northwest and western regions , rural society remains perceived as of a low standard and primitive . Basic needs such as running water and accessible transportation are a problem in these areas .

neg: Beijing Xinbaoyuan Film & Television Investment Beijing Xinbaoyuan Film & Television Investment Co. , Ltd. is a Chinese media company based in Beijing .

neg: Jining Jining is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province . It borders Heze to the southwest , Zaozhuang to the southeast , Tai'an to the northeast , and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively . Jining , which is located right to the north of the Lake Nanyang , is today the northernmost city reachable by navigation on the Grand Canal of China .   Its population was 8,081,905 at the 2010 census , of whom 1,241,012 lived in the built-up ( or metro ) area made up of Rencheng urban district on 884 km ² , Yanzhou district not being totally conurbated yet .

neg: Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall The Beijing Planning Exhibition Hall ( Chinese : 北京市规划展览馆 ) is an urban planning museum located at 20 Qianmen E St , beside Tiananmen Square in Beijing , China . The exhibition hall opened to the public on the 9 September 2004 , and features a scale model of the entire Beijing metropolitan area , as well as multimedia exhibits on the history , current situation , and future of urban planning in Beijing .

neg: Changyi, Shandong Changyi ( 昌邑 ; pinyin : Chāngyì ) is a county-level city of Weifang in the northwest corner of Shandong province , People 's Republic of China . The city is 1627.5 square kilometers in area , with a household population of 581,000 as of 2010 . The city is under the administration of the Changyi Municipal People 's Government , with 3 neighborhoods , 6 towns , 691 administrative villages , and one special economic development zone . Changyi has a long history that extends back into the Spring and Autumn period

neg: Beijing Today Beijing Today is a weekly English newspaper catering to expatriates and embassies that covers current events , art , cinema , music , dining , and shopping in Beijing .   The newspaper is run by the publisher of Beijing Youth Daily .   It is assigned the Chinese Issue Number CN11-0120 .

neg: Corruption in China Corruption in China post-1949 lies in the `` organizational involution '' of the ruling party , including the Communist Party of China 's policies , institutions , norms , and failure to adapt to a changing environment in the post-Mao era caused by the market liberalization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping . Like other socialist economies that have undertaken economic reforms , such as post-Soviet Eastern Europe and Central Asia , reform-era China has experienced increasing levels of corruption .   Cadre corruption in China has been subject to significant media attention since Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping announced his Anti-corruption campaign following the 18th National Congress which was held in November 2012 . Despite this high-profile anti-graft drive , in 2014 China was ranked No. 100 in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index , which is 20 places lower than 2013 , when it ranked No. 80 . According to 2016 results of Corruption Perception Index of Transparency International , China ranks 79th place out of 176 countries . This puts China on par with Algeria and Suriname , and comparable to Armenia , Colombia , Egypt , Gabon , Liberia , Panama , Bolivia , Mexico , Moldova and Niger . China ranked less corrupt than neighbours Myanmar , Vietnam , Laos , North Korea , Russia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Afghanistan , Pakistan and Nepal but more corrupt than neighbours Australia , New Zealand , Singapore , India , Bhutan , Macau , Hong Kong and Mongolia . Means of corruption include graft , bribery , embezzlement , backdoor deals , nepotism , patronage , and statistical falsification .   Public surveys on the mainland since the late 1980s have shown that it is among the top concerns of the general public . According to Yan Sun , Associate Professor of Political Science at the City University of New York , it was corruption , rather than democracy as such , that lay at the root of the social dissatisfaction that led to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 . Corruption undermines the legitimacy of the CPC , adds to economic inequality , undermines the environment , and fuels social unrest .   Since then , corruption has not slowed down as a result of greater economic freedom , but instead has grown more entrenched and severe in its character and scope . Business deals often involve participation in corruption . In popular perception , there are more dishonest CPC officials than honest ones , a reversal of the views held in the first decade of reform of the 1980s . China specialist Minxin Pei argues that failure to contain widespread corruption is among the most serious threats to China 's future economic and political stability . Bribery , kickbacks , theft , and misspending of public funds costs at least three percent of GDP . China , though not a member of the OECD has participated as an observer in the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions , see OECD Anti-Bribery Convention .

neg: Zhongshan Park (Beijing) The Zhongshan Park ( Chinese : 中山公园 / 中山公園 ) , is a former imperial altar and now a public park that lies just southwest of the Forbidden City in the Imperial City , Beijing .   Of all the gardens and parks surrounding the Forbidden City , such as the Beihai and Jingshan , Zhongshan is arguably the most centrally located of them all . The Zhongshan Park houses numerous pavilions , gardens , and imperial temples such as the Altar of Earth and Harvests or Altar of Land and Grain in some translations ( Shejitan , 社稷坛 ) , which was built in 1421 by the Yongle Emperor , and it symmetrically opposite the Imperial Ancestral Temple , and is where the emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties made offerings to the gods of earth and agriculture . The altar consists of a square terrace in the centre of the park .   By 1914 , the altar grounds had become a public park known as the `` Central Park '' . That park was then further renamed in 1928 after Sun Yat-Sen ( Zhongshan Park ) , in memory of China 's first revolutionary political leader who helped bring about the first republic era in 1911 , which is what the park is known as today . Many parks in China during that period also took on this name ( see Zhongshan Park ) .   The Zhongshan Park includes various halls and pavilions built for the members of the imperial family , stone archways and a greenhouse which houses fresh flowers on display all year round . The greenhouse includes 39 varieties of tulips presented to the park in 1977 by the Princess of Holland .

neg: Andingmen Andingmen ( ; Manchu : Elhe toktoho duka ; lit . `` Gate of Stability '' ) was a gate in Beijing 's Ming-era city wall . The gate was torn down along with the city wall in the 1960s . Andingmen is now a place name . Where the gate once stood is now a Andingmen Bridge , a roundabout overpass on the northern 2nd Ring Road . The overpass links Andingmen Inner Street which runs south of the overpass inside the walled city and Andingmen Outer Street which runs north away from the walled he city .   Bus and trolleybus stops are nearby , along with Andingmen Station , Line 2 of the Beijing Subway .   Ju'er Hutong is a popular neighborhood for expats to live in . It 's located in the hutongs southwest of Jiaodaokou , and just east of Shichahai and Gŭlóu ( the Bell Tower ) . Yongkang Hutong is another popular residential location for expats in Beijing .   Category : Dongcheng District , Beijing  Category : Gates of Beijing  Category : Neighbourhoods of Beijing  Category : Road transport in Beijing

neg: Chinese people in Bulgaria Chinese people ( китайци , kitaytsi ; see Cathay ) in Bulgaria form a small part of the Overseas Chinese community . According to estimates by members of the community , the Chinese in Bulgaria number around 5,000 , although Bulgarian researchers put the figure at around 10,000 .   Chinese are among the most recent immigrants to Bulgaria , the vast majority of them arriving after the democratic changes in 1989 , and particularly from 1992 on ; prior to 1989 , only a dozen Chinese lived in Bulgaria . Most Chinese in Bulgaria are economic immigrants and small-scale investors in particular . The bulk of the Chinese live in the capital Sofia , particularly in the municipality of Nadezhda and its neighbourhoods of Nadezhda , Tolstoy and Svoboda . Although there is no discernible Chinatown , it is thought that one might develop in the following years . Most of the Chinese were urban dwellers in China , a large number coming from the provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian , with fewer from Sichuan , Shandong , Jilin , Beijing and Hong Kong . According to the media , 2,0003,000 Chinese immigrate to Bulgaria every year . However , with the financial turmoil in the EU and Bulgaria , this figure has greatly decreased .   The most typical and indeed most visible occupation of the Bulgarian Chinese is the management of Chinese restaurants , although they are also known as shopkeepers ( with a permanent presence in Sofia 's large and frequented bazaar Iliyantsi ) , engaging in both retail and wholesale trade . Some have also been involved in agriculture , for example producing and selling Chinese cabbage . Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese art are also very popular . As many Chinese come from Southern China , they speak a variety of dialects ( such as Min ) in addition to Mandarin Chinese . Among the main factors attracting Chinese to Bulgaria is the lower competition enabling more economic opportunities for the immigrants , the availability of more personal space and the lack of a one-child policy . The Chinese in Bulgaria come from a variety of religious and cultural backgrounds ; the majority are atheist , but there are also Buddhists , Confucians , Taoists , Christians , Jehovah 's Witnesses , etc. .   The Chinese New Year is celebrated among family circles . A magazine called Kitay ( `` China '' ) is issued by the community in Bulgarian . The People 's Republic of China has had diplomatic relations with Bulgaria since 3 October 1949 : Bulgaria was the second country in the world to recognize the PRC and has not recognized the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) . The PRC has an embassy in Sofia , which used to be located in the Yablanski House .

neg: Metropolitan regions of China According to research by the National Development and Reform Commission ( NDRC ) of China , ten major metropolitan regions are forming in China . Together , they constitute about one-tenth ( 9.99 % ) of China 's land area , one-third ( 35.02 % ) of the country 's population and one-half ( 52.83 % ) of the country 's GDP ( as in 2005 ) . Among them , the largest three have been established since the beginning of China 's economic reform and are expected to remain the leading force of the country 's economic development in the coming decades .

neg: Tiantongyuan Tiantongyuan is an apartment complex and neighborhood in northern Beijing 's Changping District . As of April 2008 it was reported to have over 400,000 residents , and is one of the largest such complexes in Beijing and the biggest community in the world.Most residents in Tiantongyuan work in downtown Beijing , making Tiantongyuan one of the commuter towns in Beijing . Tiantongyuan North Station is the northern terminus of the Beijing Subway Line 5 . There are two other Line 5 stops in Tiantongyuan as well , Tiantongyuan Station and Tiantongyuan South Station . Many Beijing public buses serve the community with two large bus hubs being at the Tiantongyuan North subway station and Tiantongyuan North neighborhood .   Tiantongyuan is divided into Tiantongyuan West , Tiantongyuan East , Tiantongyuan North , Central Tiantongyuan , and Old Tiantongyuan ( 本区 or 老区 ) ; each such neighborhood is further subdivided into sections 1 , 2 , and 3 ( except for Central Tiantongyuan , which is divided into North , South , East , and West and east north ) .   Both subway Line 5 and T3 express bus pass the community .

neg: Miyun Town Miyun Town is a town in Miyun District , Beijing , China .

neg: Geography of Shanghai The geography of Shanghai is characterised by its location on the Yangtze River Delta on China 's east coast and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean via the East China Sea . The city is centred on the Huangpu River , a tributary of the Yangtze River , and extends outwards in all directions , with the suburbs and satellite towns reaching east to the East China Sea , north and west to Jiangsu province , and south to Zhejiang province over Hangzhou Bay .   The vast majority of Shanghai 's land area is flat , apart from a few hills in the southwest corner , due to its location on the alluvial plain of the Yangtze 's river delta . The city has many rivers and lakes and is known for its rich water resources , and thanks to its coastal , riverside location and warm climate ensuring ice-free waters , provides easy access to China 's interior , resulting in Shanghai being the world 's largest port .

neg: History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present) The People 's Republic of China became more influential economically in the 1990s and 2000s and was beginning to be widely recognized as an emerging superpower . In 2010 , China became the world 's second largest economy by GDP . At the same time , numerous social problems emerged and intensified . As Paramount leader Jiang Zemin , NPCSC Chairman Li Peng and PRC Premier Zhu Rongji , gradually retired from their position of power , `` fourth-generation '' leaders , led by CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao , faced with increasing social unrest , attempted to steer the country towards a new direction . From the path of focusing solely on economic development , Hu and Wen placed focus on creating an overall balance under the idea of the Scientific Outlook on Development to create a socialist harmonious society . In this process , there was an unprecedented shift in stance towards favouring rural development and farmers , as well as other generally populist policies . The Hu-Wen government , on the same token , attempted to restrict some personal freedoms , especially those associated with political content on the Internet .   China 's increased prominence on the global stage has also brought with it general skepticism and intense scrutiny , especially in the lead up to the 2008 Summer Olympics and after the March 2008 protests in Tibet . The government continues to be criticized on human rights abuses and the various product quality scandals that have increasingly damaged the country 's integrity and continues to raise suspicions about the country 's safety standards . The majority of China 's population , however , point to the immense progress the country has made and generally discredit criticisms of China as being embedded in cultural and historical misunderstandings and rooted in paranoia of China 's potential dominance on the world stage . These ideological clashes , fused with rhetoric from Beijing , has led to an intense wave of nationalism ( or Socialist patriotism ) surfacing in Chinese populations around the world .   As of mid-2012 , government statistics show that for the first time ever over 50 % of the Chinese population now live in urban areas , marking a milestone in the urbanization of China . The majority of modern city dwellers are migrants and their children who moved to cities during the economic boom of the last 30 years started by Deng Xiaoping 's policy of economic liberalization .


query: Diane Ruggiero is Canadian.

pos: Diane Ruggiero Diane Ruggiero-Wright -LSB- ˈruːʒɪəroʊ -RSB- is an American television writer and producer . Her credits include That 's Life , Veronica Mars , Free Agents , Dirty Sexy Money , Big Shots , the Mythological X remake The Ex List and iZombie , which she co-created with Rob Thomas . With Thomas , she also co-wrote the script for the Veronica Mars film .   Ruggiero is a native of Old Bridge Township , New Jersey . While she was living in North Arlington , New Jersey , Ruggiero 's writing talent was discovered by Mark St. Germain while she worked as a waitress at the Park and Orchard restaurant in East Rutherford , New Jersey . She is close friends with Jed Seidel and Rob Thomas .

neg: Forestry in Canada The Canadian forestry industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy . With 42 percent of the land acreage of Canada covered by forests , the country contains 10 percent of the world 's forested land , made up mostly of spruce , poplar and pine . Forests and forestry in Canada are managed by Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Forest Service , in cooperation with several organizations which represent government officials , policy experts and numerous other stakeholders . Extensive deforestation by European settlers during the 18th and 19th centuries has been halted by more modern policies , and today less than 1 percent of Canada 's forests are affected by logging each year . Despite the low amount of land that is logged , Canada is the world 's second-largest exporter of forestry goods , and the industry contributes significantly to Canada 's surplus global balance of trade . Economic concerns related to forestry include greenhouse gas emissions , biotechnology , biological diversity and infestations of pests , such as the mountain pine beetle .

neg: Monsanto Canada Monsanto Canada Inc. is the Canadian division of Monsanto Company . It is headquartered in Winnipeg , Manitoba and has offices across Canada . In addition to seed products , Monsanto sells of herbicides including the world 's best-selling herbicide Roundup . The global headquarters of Monsanto is in the American city of St. Louis .   In October 2008 , Monsanto Canada was named one of `` Canada 's Top 100 Employers '' by Mediacorp Canada Inc. , and was featured in Maclean 's newsmagazine .

neg: Black Velvet (whisky) Black Velvet Whisky is a Canadian whisky brand owned by Constellation Brands . It has a smooth taste and is known for its black labeling .   Black Velvet was produced at Schenley Industries in Valleyfield , Quebec , Canada . Schenley 's Black Velvet DeLuxe was the only liquor available to submarine officers at Midway in World War II , where it was held in low regard and known as `` Schenley 's Black Death . ''   Original owner Heublein was sold to Grand Metropolitan in 1987 . Grand Metropolitan and Guinness merged in 1997 to form Diageo .   The distillery was sold by Diageo to Canandaigua Brands in 1999 .   Originally called `` Black Label '' , the name was changed to `` Black Velvet '' at the suggestion , in the late 1940s , by the Master Distiller Jack Napier because he thought it had a velvety taste and smoothness .   Black Velvet produces three expressions which are primarily sold on the export market to the United States : Black Velvet and Black Velvet Reserve , which is an older-aged product ( aged eight years ) , and Black Velvet Toasted Caramel ( introduced in 2012 ) . This brand is ranked number two in Canadian Whisky market share behind number one , Crown Royal .   The first Black Velvet Lady , Patricia Victoria Miller , was introduced to the world in 1969 as an advertisement tool for Black Velvet . Since that time , such famous names as Christie Brinkley , Cybill Shepherd , Kim Alexis , Cheryl Tiegs , Micah Wylde , and Kelly Emberg have all been Black Velvet Ladies . In addition , actors Telly Savalas , Larry Hagman and George Burns as well as country singer Tanya Tucker have also appeared in the ads . The current Black Velvet Lady is Tami Donaldson , born and raised in Hollywood , Florida .

neg: Canadian ten-dollar note The Canadian ten-dollar note is one of the most common banknotes of the Canadian dollar .   The current ten-dollar note is dominantly purple in colour . The front features a portrait of Canada 's first Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald , and a metallic image of the Library of Parliament . The reverse side shows Via Rail 's train , the Canadian , with the Canadian Rockies in the background ; this is accompanied by a Via Rail route map . Yellow dots representing the EURion constellation can be found on both sides . As well as textured printing , this design includes Braille dots for the blind indicating the denomination as a new tactile feature .   An updated version of the note began circulation on May 18 , 2005 , with new security features . On the front , these include a holographic stripe along the left side , depicting the number 10 alternated with maple leaves ; a watermark of Macdonald 's portrait ; and a broken-up number 10 , which resolves itself when backlit ( the latter two which replaced the shiny-leaf feature ) . On the back , it has an interleaved metallic strip , reading '10 CAN ' repeatedly along its length .   The version of the note issued in 1971 depicted the operations of Polymer Corporation on its back .   Less-visible security features include ultraviolet-detected threads in the paper , as well as an ink imprint of the coat of arms .   As with all modern Canadian banknotes , all text is in both English and French .   A new ten-dollar note made with polymer , as part of the `` Frontier Series '' , was released on November 7 , 2013 . The new note features a new portrait of Sir John A. Macdonald and hologram of the Library of Parliament on the front and the Canadian ( Via Rail train pulled using F40PH-2 locomotive ) in the Rockies on the back . After mistakenly identifying Mount Edith Cavell and Mount Marmot as appearing in the background , the Bank of Canada later corrected them as Lectern Peak , Aquila Mountain , Mount Zengel and other mountains .   On December 8 , 2016 , Viola Desmond was chosen as the first Canadian woman to appear on the ten-dollar note after being on a shortlist of five . The note will be issued in 2018 . For 2017 , the Bank of Canada has issued a special commemorative design , celebrating the 150th anniversary of the confederation of Canada .

neg: Family Chrgd Family CHRGD ( pronounced `` charged '' , stylized as family CHRGD , and also known as simply `` CHRGD '' ) is a Canadian English-language Category B specialty channel owned by DHX Media . A channel of the DHX Television/Family Channel network , it airs live-action and animated children 's programming aimed towards viewers aged 6 -- 12 . The channel first launched on June 1 , 2011 under the ownership of Astral Media as a localized version of Disney XD .   Following the acquisition of Astral Media by Bell Canada ( including former sister channel The Movie Network ) , Disney XD and three other channels ( the English - and French-language Disney Junior-branded television networks and Family ) were sold to their current owner , DHX Media , by Bell Canada 's media and broadcasting division , Bell Media , on November 28 , 2013 .   On October 9 , 2015 , as a result of Corus Entertainment 's acquisition of Canadian rights to Disney 's children 's programming and associated brands ( which resulted in the launch of a new Disney XD-branded channel ) , the channel was renamed Family Chrgd .

neg: Colt Canada Colt Canada ( formerly called Diemaco ) is a firearms manufacturer owned by United States based Colt and located in Kitchener , Ontario , Canada .   The company is a defense contractor that manufactures and supplies small arms to the Canadian Forces and Canadian law enforcement agencies , as well as defence research & development , training , logistic support , repair and overhaul . In addition , the company exports firearms internationally . Known foreign customers include Norway , Denmark and The Netherlands .   The company 's main products are the C7 rifle and derivatives which are manufactured under a licence of Colt Defense USA , and the EAGLE side-loading 40mm LV grenade launcher . Colt Canada describes itself as the Canadian government 's `` Centre of Excellence for small arms '' and the Canadian Forces ' sole supplier of the C7 family of rifles .

neg: Canadian Club of Toronto The Canadian Club of Toronto is a club in Toronto which meets several times a month to hear lunchtime speeches given by invited guests from the fields of politics , law , business , the arts , the media , and other prominent fields .   In the days before radio and television , the Club provided a chance for influential Torontonians to have contact with Canadian and international leaders in a variety of fields . Even today , the club manages to attract notable speakers . Some examples of speakers to address the club since the year 2000 include Paul Martin , Stephen Harper , Vladimir Putin , Paul Bremer , Bob Rae , Michael Dell , Jean Charest , John de Chastelain , Ted Rogers , Roy McMurtry , Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , Margaret Atwood , Karen Kain , Ralph Klein , David Frum , Pamela Wallin , John Manley , Beverley McLachlin , Dalton McGuinty , Belinda Stronach , David Dodge , Pinball Clemons , Gordon Campbell , Louise Arbour , Adrienne Clarkson , Donovan Bailey , Anne Mulcahy , and Jack Layton .   The Canadian Club has long had a role in Canadian life as an opinion-formation vehicle for some of Toronto 's most prominent citizens .   The Canadian Club of Toronto was founded in 1897 by a Hamilton journalist . Speeches were initially given in the evening , but starting in 1899 , the club moved to its present lunchtime format . In 1903 , several members of the Canadian Club , concerned that the club was not sufficiently opposed to the wave of anti-British sentiment being expressed in the wake of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal decision , left the Canadian Club to found the more pro-British Empire Club of Canada .   As of 2010 , the Canadian Club 's luncheons are normally held on Mondays in the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . As noted on their website : `` The Canadian Club is not-for-profit and holds no political or religious affiliations . There are currently forty Canadian Clubs in various cities around Canada . ''

neg: Marjorie Anthony Linden Marjorie Anthony Linden ( October 10 , 1935 -- April 1 , 2013 ) was a Canadian broadcaster and media executive . She achieved multiple `` firsts '' for women in broadcasting , including being the first all-night woman disc jockey in Montreal , the first woman vice-president in the Canadian television industry , and the first female president of the Broadcast Executive Society .   Born in Mill Village , Nova Scotia , she was one of eight children of Barbara , who died when Marjorie was three years old , and Roy Anthony , a plumber . She was raised by an elder sister and various housekeepers . An entertainer from an early age , she sang and tap-danced on a local radio station at age thirteen . Although interested in studying to become a nurse , she took a job as a script assistant , commentator , and singer at CBC-TV in Halifax . She moved to Montreal at age 24 , and was a nightclub singer at the Ritz Carlton Hotel . Her sound was similar to that of Doris Day , and she recorded the album Marge Anthony Sings . She then worked at CKGM as a commercial writer , but soon became their all-night disc jockey . Later , she returned to television to be a commentator and a weather reporter at CFCF-TV .   She moved to the United States to further her career , and was a producer at the NBC affiliate in Houston . Her works there included Furnishings of the White House , and A Texan Visits the White House featuring Lady Bird Johnson . She moved to work in Hollywood in the 1960s , and became vice-president , artist relations , for the company handling the Smothers Brothers . Then she worked in New York at CBS Records , with such artists as Kenny Rogers , Barry Manilow , and Nana Mouskouri . She also oversaw a world tour and two television specials for Neil Diamond . She returned to work for the Smothers Brothers in California , this time as their personal manager .   In 1978 she returned to Canada , in various jobs at CTV including publicity and public relations for the Calgary Olympics . She served as vice-president of network relations for CTV .   She had two brief marriages when she was young , and then in 1984 married Allen Linden , an Ontario judge . She had three stepdaughters from that relationship , and no biological children of her own . Her health deteriorated due to systemic lupus erythematosus and other illnesses , and she died in 2013 in Malibu , California at age 77 .

neg: Canadian studies Canadian studies is a college-level study of Canadian culture , the spoken languages of Canada , Canadian literature , Quebec , agriculture in Canada , the history of Canada , and Canadian government and politics .   Most universities that offer the discipline recommend that students take a double major ( e.g. Political Science , International Relations ) or French , if not included in the course . Some careers for students who take Canadian studies include the foreign service and working at Canadian embassies or the foreign embassies in Canada .   Scholars known for their work in Canadian studies include Fernand Ouellet , Linda Hutcheon , George Ramsay Cook , William T. R. Fox , Annette Baker Fox , Susan Swan , Christl Verduyn , Sergey Rogov , and George Melnyk . The Governor General 's International Award for Canadian Studies is an award for excellence in the field and was established in 1995 by the International Council for Canadian Studies .

neg: Seedrioru Seedrioru is a not-for-profit , volunteer-based cultural center built by Estonian Canadians and situated on the banks of the Grand River west of Elora , Ontario , Canada . Since 1955 it has been known as the `` largest congregator '' of Estonians in North America through its Laulupäev Song Festival , although its primary function is to operate and sustain an Estonian summer camp that promotes Estonian language , music , dance and arts . Children attending are generally from Canada and the United States , but some travel from as far away as the United Kingdom and Estonia . Seedrioru continues to be a venue for Estonian Song Festivals , fundraisers and Estonian cultural events . It was created through an association of four Southern Ontario Estonian societies located in Hamilton , London , Kitchener , and St. Catherines . The societies annually appoint eight directors at the Seedrioru Annual General Meeting to form a Juhatus , or board of directors , who volunteer to organize the yearly activities of the camp in accordance with their bylaws and regulations . Seedrioru is supported by the Estonian Foundation of Canada .

neg: Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area .   The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government .   In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government .   __ TOC __

neg: Canada 2011 Census The Canada 2011 Census is a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population on May 10 , 2011 . Statistics Canada , an agency of the Canadian government , conducts a nationwide census every five years . In 2011 , it consisted of a mandatory short form census questionnaire and an inaugural National Household Survey ( NHS ) , a voluntary survey which replaced the mandatory long form census questionnaire ; this substitution was the focus of much controversy . Completion of the ( short form ) census is mandatory for all Canadians , and those who do not complete it may face penalties ranging from fines to jail time .   The Statistics Act mandates a Senate and/or House of Commons ( joint ) committee review of the opt-in clause ( for the release of one 's census records after 92 years ) by 2014 .   The 2011 Census is the fifteenth decennial census and is required by section 8 of the Constitution Act , 1867 . As with other decennial censuses , the data was used to adjust federal electoral district boundaries .   As of August 24 , 2011 , Canada 's overall collection response rate was 98.1 % , up over a full percentage point from 96.5 % in the 2006 Census . Ontario and Prince Edward Island each hold the highest response rate at 98.3 % , while Nunavut holds the lowest response rate at 92.7 % .   In an article in the New York Times in August 2015 , journalist Stephen Marche argued that by ending the mandatory long-form census in 2011 , the federal government `` stripped Canada of its capacity to gather information about itself '' in the `` age of information . '' Nearly 500 organizations in Canada , including the Canadian Medical Association , the Canadian Chamber of Commerce , and the Canadian Catholic Council of Bishops protested the decision to replace the long form Census in 2011 with a shorter version .

neg: Wendy A. Tadros Wendy A. Tadros was the Transportation Safety Board of Canada ( TSBC ) Chairperson from 2006 to 2014 . Since at least 1995 , she had been a board member .   As chairperson , Tadros was a senior appointee of the Government of Canada , and was responsible for accident investigations that may or may not have included fatalities , such as the tragedy of Lac-Megantic , of which Tadros stated that the `` investigation will take months , '' and warned against blaming the Lac-Megantic tragedy on one person . She was quoted as saying that the Lac-Megantic derailment `` may well be the most devastating rail accident in Canadian history . ''   She frequently appeared before legislators in Parliament in Ottawa . A statement of the duties of the TSBC was provided by her on 13 June 2006 to the Standing Committee on Transport , Infrastructure and Communities .   She has been aware since at least 1995 of the problems of DOT-111 tank cars , and wrote in committee at the time that `` the tank cars that lost product were all Class 111A cars , a class known to be susceptible to product loss at derailment . '' She returned to the subject of the DOT-111 tank cars in the investigation of a derailment near River Glade , New Brunswick when she wrote in committee that `` Class 111A tank cars are more susceptible to release product upon derailment and impact than pressure tank cars , and yet there are a number of toxic and volatile liquids that are still permitted to be carried in minimum standard Class 111A tank cars . ''   She noted a failure of the safety regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods ( TDG ) in report R02W0063 , issued 2004 , that `` Since the train originated and would have terminated in Canada , and the DG products were not listed in Schedule I of the TDG regulations , neither the shipper nor CN was required to have an emergency response plan . ''

neg: REAL Women of Canada REAL Women of Canada ( Vraies Femmes du Canada in French ) is a socially conservative advocacy group in Canada . The organization was founded in 1983 .   REAL stands for `` Realistic , Equal , Active , for Life '' . The group believes that the nuclear family is the most important unit in Canadian society , and that the fragmentation of the Canadian family is a primary cause of social disorder . It lobbies the Government of Canada in favour of legislation to promote what it believes to be the Judeo-Christian model of family life , and to support homemaking . It is also opposed to feminism , abortion and LGBT rights ( and same-sex marriage in Canada as well ) .   The group has intervened in Supreme Court of Canada cases such as R. v. Morgentaler ( 1993 ) and M. v. H. ( 1999 ) . In R. v. Sullivan ( 1991 ) it argued that a fetus is a person .   Its objectives are , according to its website :   To reaffirm that the family is society 's most important unit , since the nurturing of its members is best accomplished in the family setting .  To promote the equality , advancement and well being of women , recognizing them as interdependent members of society , whether in the family , workplace or community .  To promote , secure and defend legislation which upholds what it considers the Judeo-Christian understanding of marriage and family life .  To support government and social policies that make homemaking possible for women who , out of necessity , would otherwise have to take employment outside the home .  To support the right to life of all innocent individuals from conception to natural death .   Part of their economic policies to help meet their objectives are increased tax relief for single-income families , families with children , and individuals with children .   REAL Women is similar in political and social outlook to Phyllis Schlafly 's Eagle Forum and to Concerned Women for America in the United States .   The organization has also heavily criticized individuals who have spoken out against Uganda 's criminalization of homosexual relations . On August 7 , 2013 , the group issued a statement criticizing Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird for speaking out on LGBT human rights issues in both Uganda and Russia as part of Canada 's foreign policy .

neg: Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation The Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation ( CDIC ) is a Canadian federal Crown corporation created by Parliament in 1967 . The CDIC insures Canadians ' deposits held at Canadian banks ( and other member institutions ) up to C$ 100,000 in case of a bank failure . CDIC automatically insures many types of savings against the failure of a financial institution . However , the bank must be a CDIC member and not all savings are insured . The CDIC insurance pays out in case of bank default . There are many reasons why a bank may default , such as fraud .

neg: Ruggiero (music) Ruggiero refers to a musical scheme which is at times harmonic and at times melodic . It is seen in 16th and 17th century music , for both vocal and instrumental pieces and improvisations . It most likely comes from reciting formulas used to perform Orlando Furioso , an epic poem by Ludovico Ariosto . The name probably stems from the most set canto from this poem , no. 61 , which begins `` Ruggier , qual sempre fui , tal esser voglio '' . Because the melody was so often improvised on , and is inevitably varied in the oral tradition , it is difficult to agree on an exact melody . The harmonic structure , however , has remained relatively unchanged . Harmonically the Ruggiero bass is major , generally in G , and has four short phrases .   This scheme is frequently used for declaiming other texts which use an ottava rima meter .

neg: Canadian (train) The Canadian ( Le Canadien ) is a transcontinental passenger train operated by Via Rail Canada with service between Union Station in Toronto , Ontario , and Pacific Central Station in Vancouver , British Columbia .   Before 1955 the Canadian was a Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) train between Toronto and Chicago . In 1955 , CPR renamed its transcontinental route between Montreal/Toronto and Vancouver the Canadian , with new streamlined trains . Via Rail took over in 1978 , and in 1990 reduced the Canadian to Toronto - Vancouver service primarily along Canadian National tracks .

neg: Intact Financial Intact Financial Corporation is the largest provider of property and casualty insurance in Canada with close to $ 8.0 billion in annual premiums . Formerly a ING Group subsidiary , ING Canada , Intact became a widely held Canadian company and changed its name from ING Canada to Intact Financial Corporation in 2009 .   Supported by over 12,000 employees , the company insures more than five million individuals and businesses through its insurance subsidiaries and is the largest private sector provider of P&C insurance in British Columbia , Alberta , Ontario , Québec , Nova Scotia and Newfoundland & Labrador . The company distributes insurance under the Intact Insurance brand through a wide network of brokers , including its wholly owned subsidiary , BrokerLink , and directly to consumers through belairdirect .   In 2011 , Intact acquired AXA Insurance 's Canadian operations for $ 2.6 billion . In 2012 , Intact acquired Jevco Insurance Company for $ 530 million , which allowed the company to expand its service to brokers through the opportunity to offer their clients complementary specialized products such as recreational vehicle insurance and specialty lines products to businesses .   In 2014 , Intact acquired Metro General Insurance Corporation , further strengthening its market position in Newfoundland and Labrador . In 2015 , Intact acquired Canadian Direct Insurance Incorporated ( CDI ) , extending its direct-to-consumer operations from coast to coast .   Direct premiums written ( the amount of money customers paid for policies written during the year ) has grown over the years . In 2015 , they totalled $ 7.9 billion .   The company has ranked well in a number of customer satisfaction surveys ;   In the J.D. Power 2015 Canadian Home Insurance Satisfaction Study , belairdirect was ranked highest in the Atlantic/Ontario region with a score of 799 and in the Quebec region with a score of 814 and Intact Insurance ranked third with a score of 791 .

neg: Doris Gregory Doris Gregory is a Canadian author . She is noted for her role ending gender-based segregation in Canadian universities .   Gregory studied English at the University of British Columbia in the early 1940s . At the time , many courses were segregated by gender , with separate courses with female lecturers for female students . Gregory organized a group of women to `` crash '' one of the men 's lectures , and after being asked to leave the class wrote a story about the incident for the student paper , the Ubyssey . The story was republished by the Canadian University Press , and the women were allowed to join the men 's lecture .   Gregory dropped out of university to join the Canadian Women 's Army Corps in 1942 , and was stationed in London and Farmborough . An autobiography about her experiences , titled How I Won the War For the Allies : One Sassy Canadian Soldier 's Story , was published by Ronsdale Press in June 2014 .

neg: Copyright Act of Canada The Copyright Act of Canada is the federal statute governing copyright law in Canada . It is jointly administered by the Department of Industry Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage . The Copyright Act of Canada was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988 and 1997 . Several attempts were made between 2005 and 2011 to amend the Copyright Act , but each of the bills ( Bill C-60 in 2005 , Bill C-61 in 2008 , and Bill C-32 in 2010 ) failed to pass due to political opposition . In 2011 , with a majority in the House of Commons , the Conservative Party introduced Bill C-11 , titled the Copyright Modernization Act . Bill C-11 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 29 , 2012 .


query: Saamy was filmed by Hari.

pos: Saamy Saamy is a 2003 Indian Tamil action film written and directed by Hari . presented by K. Balachander and produced by Pushpa Kandasamy under banner Kavithalayaa Productions . The film stars Vikram , Trisha and Kota Srinivasa Rao in the lead . music was composed by Harris Jayaraj . Upon release , the film was highly successful at the box office . It was remade in Telugu as Lakshmi Narasimha ( 2004 ) starring Nandamuri Balakrishna and Asin , in Bengali as Barood starring Mithun Chakraborty , in Kannada as Ayya ( 2005 ) starring Darshan and Rakshitha and later in Hindi as Policegiri ( 2013 ) starring Sanjay Dutt and Prachi Desai .   Like other films directed by Hari , this film also specialises a particular city and this time it is Tirunelveli . Saamy along with Kaakha Kaakha started a trend of police films in Tamil such as Bheeshmar , Gambeeram , Anjaneya and many others . Kota Srinivasa Rao made his debut in Tamil as a villain in this film . This film was dubbed in Hindi as ` Policewala Gunda 3 ' by Goldmines Telefilms .

neg: Appa (film) Appa ( Father ) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language independent drama film written , produced and directed by Samuthirakani . A Spin-off sequel to Saattai ( 2012 ) , the film features Samuthirakani himself in the lead role , with Thambi Ramaiah in a supporting role . Featuring music composed by Ilaiyaraaja , the film began production in late 2015 and released in July 2016 . The film released on July 1 , 2016 to mixed reviews .

neg: Maha Maha Maha Maha ( Tamil : மகா மகா , English : Great Great ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil romantic thriller film directed by Mathivanan Sakthivel . The film stars Mathivanan Sakthivel , Melissa , Indira , Nizhalgal Ravi , Anupama Kumar and Meera Krishnan . The film features music composed by Pavalar Shiva , and editing by Suresh Urs .   The film was predominately filmed in Australia with local Australian cast . The film released on 6 March 2015 in Tamil Nadu , Australia and England .

neg: Antha (film) Antha ( Kannada : ಅ ತ ) is a 1981 Indian Kannada film directed by S. V. Rajendra Singh Babu . The film stars Ambareesh , Lakshmi and Latha in lead roles . The film went on become a huge success and is viewed as a milestone in Ambareesh 's career . The story is based on H. K. Ananth Rao 's serial of same name published in Kannada weekly magazine Sudha . It was remade in Tamil as Thyagi , in Telugu as Antham Kadidi Aarambam and in Hindi as Meri Aawaz Suno .

neg: Cinema of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cinema encompasses the films made in Sri Lanka . It is a fledgling industry that has struggled to find a footing since its inauguration in 1947 with Kadawunu Poronduwa produced by S.M. Nayagam of Chitra Kala Movietone . Sri Lankan films are usually made in the Sinhalese language , the language of the majority Sinhala people .   In the first nine years most films were made in South India and followed the conventions of Indian cinema . Studio shooting was the norm , with Indian style sets erected in film studios . Even though it is popularly held that Rekava , made in 1956 by pioneer director Lester James Peries , was the first Sinhala film to be shot completely out of studio , it was really the film `` Gambada Sundari '' , made in 1950 which was the first film shot outside studios . It was also the first Sri Lankan film where , like in `` Rekawa '' , the dialog was recorded on the spot . This was because the film was shot on 16mm , using an Auricon sound-on-film camera which recorded the sound on the 16mm film optically , unlike in the case of where the sound was recorded on a Kinevox 35mm magnetic recorder . The film was later ` blown-up ' to 35mm and was screened in Colombo in 1950 .   Though `` Rekawa '' was acclaimed by local and international critics , the film failed to find an audience in the country and was a box office failure . Films continued to follow formulaic storylines borrowed from India up through the early 1960s despite such efforts as Sandesaya and Kurulu Bedda .   In 1964 , Lester James Peries again contributed to the development of Sri Lankan cinema with Gamperaliya which was the first Sinhala film to feature no songs and like Rekava shot completely outside the studio . It garnered massive praise for portraying Sinhala culture in a realistic manner and was hailed by critics and audiences alike . The producer Anton Wicremasinghe was awarded the Silver Peacock at the New Delhi International Film Festival for Gamperaliya . Following this breakthrough , several artistic Sinhala films were made in the late-1960s including Sath Samudura by professor Siri Gunasinghe , ably supported by exquisite cinematography by Dr.D.B . Nihalsinghe .   During the 1970s several talents came to the forefront while commercial cinema continued to steal storylines and plots from Indian films . These include Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha with `` Weilkatara '' - Sri Lanka 's first film in Cinemascope ratio wide screen in 1972 ; Vasantha Obeysekera who followed up his well-received debut Ves Gatho with a slew of successful films culminating with Palangetiyo in 1979 . Another major director who stepped forward during this time is Dharmasena Pathiraja who examined the tensions of city youth in such works as Bambaru Awith and Ahas Gauwa . Artist and poet Mahagama Sekera 's sole film Thun Man Handiya is also an important film in Sri Lankan cinema released in 1970 . Sumitra Peries , the wife of Lester James Peries , also struck out during the 1970s with work that looked at the conflicting roles of women in society . Her work include Gehenu Lamai and Ganga Addara .   Over the next few decades , artists such as Tissa Abeysekara , Dr. D.B. Nihalsingha , Udayakantha Warnasooriya , H.D.Premaratne , Ashoka Handagama , Prasanna Vithanage and Vimukthi Jayasundara have attempted to breathe new life into the industry . Nihalsingha was an accomplished cinematographer as well as an editor : so his films has an input which was special and brought a viewpoint to all his films , most of which focused on the exploited women .   Vithanage 's film Purahanda Kaluwara is widely considered one of the best movies made in Sri Lanka as is Jayasundara 's Sulanga Enu Pinisa which won the coveted Camera d'Or for best first film at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival .   During Sri Lankan Civil War several films have begun to tackle gritty subjects such as family relationships , abortion and results of the conflict between the military and Tamil Tiger rebels in the north . Director Asoka Handagama especially has drawn criticism for pursuing such material in his work .   In the recent years high budget films like Aloko Udapadi , Aba ( film ) and Maharaja Gemunu based on Sinhalese epic historical stories gain huge success .

neg: Paayum Puli (2015 film) Paayum Puli ( Pouncing Tiger ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil action dramtic thriller film written and directed by Suseenthiran starring Vishal and Kajal Aggarwal in the lead roles and Samuthirakani , Soori and Aishwarya Dutta in supporting roles . The film was produced by Vendhar Movies and distributed by Escape Artists Motion Pictures . Set in the backdrop of Madurai , Paayum Puli features Vishal as an undercover police officer named Jayaseelan .   Music for the film was composed by D. Imman . The cinematography was led by Velraj and the editing by Anthony . Principal photography commenced on 4 March 2015 and lasted for four months . Paayum Puli was shot predominantly in and around Chennai and other parts of Tamil Nadu in 75 working days . The film , along with its Telugu dubbed version titled Jayasurya , was released on 4 September 2015 worldwide . The film has also been dubbed into Hindi as Main Hoon Rakshak .

neg: Namak Halaal Namak Halaal is a 1982 Hindi language action comedy film , directed by Prakash Mehra . Music is by Bappi Lahiri and lyrics by Anjaan . The film stars Amitabh Bachchan , Smita Patil , Shashi Kapoor , Parveen Babi , Om Prakash , Waheeda Rehman , Ranjeet , Satyen Kappu , Suresh Oberoi and Ram Sethi . The film became a `` Blockbuster '' at the box office and went on to be a golden jubilee hit ( which was common to all Bachchan films at that time ) .   It was remade in Telugu as Bhale Ramudu by veteran director K. S. R. Das in 1984 with Mohan Babu and Murali Mohan in Amitabh Bachchan and Shashi Kapoor 's role respectively .   It was also remade in Tamil as Velaikaran by veteran director S.P. Muthuraman in 1986 with Rajnikanth and Sarath Babu in Amitabh Bachchan and Shashi Kapoor 's role respectively and was a huge hit .

neg: Lahari Music Lahari Recording Company is a music company in south India . It owns a music label called Lahari Music it is also a film production company which later ventured into a Post Production Studio called MRT Studios and a Construction Company under the HomEquity India Private Limited Brand . Recently it brought audio rights of Largest Motion Picture of India , Baahubali which is directed by S.S. Rajamouli for Whopping 3 crore rupees . It is the largest buy in India till date .

neg: Nayakan Nayakan ( The Hero ) , also spelt Nayagan , is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language crime-drama film written and directed by Mani Ratnam and starring Kamal Haasan . It is loosely based on the real-life Bombay underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar , and sympathetically depicts the struggle of South Indians living in Bombay ( now Mumbai ) . The film also stars Saranya Ponvannan in her film debut . Karthika , Nassar , Janagaraj , Delhi Ganesh and Tinnu Anand play significant roles . The soundtrack and score of the film were composed by Ilaiyaraaja and was met with a successful response after release . The film has been inspired from Francis Ford Coppola 's 1972 film The Godfather .   Principal photography commenced in November 1986 with test shoots featuring Haasan . The film was released on 21 October 1987 on the occasion of Diwali and received critical acclaim worldwide . Kamal Haasan 's performance as Velu Nayakan earned him the National Film Award for Best Actor . The film also earned the National Awards for Best Cinematography ( P. C. Sriram ) and Best Art Direction ( Thotta Tharani ) . The film was India 's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1988 at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not nominated .   In 2005 , the magazine TIME included Nayagan in its list of `` All-Time 100 Best Films '' . The film was also included in The Moving Arts Film Journals list of greatest films of all time . Nayagan was also included in NDTV 's list `` India 's 20 greatest films '' . CNN-IBN included the film in its list of `` 100 greatest Indian films of all time '' .   The film was dubbed in Telugu under the title Nayakudu . It was also remade in Hindi as Dayavan in 1988 starring Vinod Khanna . A Hindi dub of the film was released in 1999 as Velu Nayakan .

neg: Sa (film) SA is a 2016 Kannada-language romantic thriller film .

neg: Nam Duniya Nam Style Nam Duniya Nam Style is a 2013 Indian Kannada adventure film , directed and produced by Preetham Gubbi . It stars Vinayak Joshi , Krishna Nagappa , Likith Shetty , Sonia Gowda , Milana Nagaraj , Kavya Shetty . The film is `` about three people who hail from different backgrounds and who have been friends for 15 years . The trio are a jovial and fun-loving lot , and are excited about their first travel abroad together '' sais Preetham who admitted he was inspired by the Hindi film Dil Chahta Hai . H C Venu is the cinematographer while Shaan Rahman composed the music for the movie . The film was extensively shot in Karnataka , Kashmir and Malaysia .

neg: Soggade Chinni Nayana Soggade Chinni Nayana ( The Young Man is a Charmer ) is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language supernatural drama film directed by Kalyan Krishna Kurasala . In addition to producing the film under his Annapurna Studios banner , Akkineni Nagarjuna played dual roles . Ramya Krishnan and Lavanya Tripathi were the film 's female leads . Nassar , Pithamagan Mahadevan , Sampath Raj and Brahmanandam played key supporting roles .   Written by Ram Mohan P , Soggade Chinni Nayana revolves around the soul of Bangarraju , a flirtatious zamindar whom Yama ( the god of the underworld ) sends back to earth to reconcile his son ( Ram `` Ramu '' Mohan ) and his wife Seetha ; they are on the brink of divorce . In the process , he learns about his death and its connection with a local Shiva temple .   P. S. Vinod and Siddhardh Ramaswami provided the cinematography , and Anup Rubens composed the film 's soundtrack and background score . Prawin Pudi edited the film . Principal photography for the film began on 19 November 2014 after it was launched in Hyderabad , and wrapped on 4 October 2015 . Most of the film was shot in and around Rajahmundry and Mysore .   Produced on a budget of 150200 million , Soggade Chinni Nayana was released worldwide on 15 January 2016 during the Makar Sankranti festival season in 800-900 screens . It received positive reviews from critics and was commercially successful , earning 750 million globally . The film is being remade in Kannada as Matte Hutti Baa , Inti Prema , starring Upendra , Prema and Sruthi Hariharan in the lead roles . A prequel entitled Bangarraju is in development , with production scheduled to begin in 2017 .

neg: Gaddaar (1995 film) Gaddaar is a 1995 Indian Bollywood film directed by Deepak Sareen and produced by Sunanda R. Shetty . It stars Sunil Shetty , Sonali Bendre and Harish Kumar in pivotal roles .

neg: Arrambam Arrambam ( Beginning ) is a 2013 Indian Tamil action film directed by Vishnuvardhan . Produced by A. Raghuram and co-written by Subha , the film features Ajith Kumar and Nayantara in the lead roles and Arya and Taapsee Pannu in supporting roles . While the score and soundtrack of the film were composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja , the cinematography was handled by Om Prakash and editing by A. Sreekar Prasad .   Following a six-month long pre-production and the official announcement of the project in May 2012 , filming commenced in June 2012 and continued for the next 15 months . Majority of the filming happened in Mumbai . Other locations included Chennai , Bangalore , Dubai , Hyderabad , Mahabaleshwar , Jaisalmer , Leh and Ladakh . The film was not titled until it entered post-production and was mostly referred to as Thala 53 or Valai , a supposed working title . The film was released on 31 October 2013 .

neg: Sabuj Saathi Sabuj Saathi is a 2003 Bengali film directed by Swapan Saha and produced by Debendra Kuchar . The film features actors Prosenjit Chatterjee and Rachana Banerjee in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Ashok Bhadra .

neg: Chaaram Chaaram is a 1983 Indian Malayalam film , directed by PA Bakker and produced by CH Khalid . The film stars Prem Nazir , Meena Menon , Urmila and Hari in lead roles . The film had musical score by Shankar Jaikishan .

neg: Rajadhani 2 Rajadhani 2 is the sequel to the Kannada movie Rajadhani which was released in 2011 . The star cast of Rajadhani 2 includes Puneeth Preetham and Hari Priya in the lead roles . The movie is being directed by Raghujaya and produced by Praveen Kumar . Music to the movie is being provided by noted Kannada music composer Arjun Janya . The muhuratham of the movie was held in Kanteerava studio , Bangalore on 6 April 2015 . Leading actor Darshan and Dharwad MLA Vinay Kulkarni flagged off the shooting . The shooting is scheduled to complete in two months . According to the director , the shooting will take place in spots identified in and around Bengaluru , Mysuru , Mandya , Srirangapatna and Chikkamangaluru .

neg: Chamayam Chamayam may refer to :   Chamayam ( 1981 film ) , a Malayalam-language film directed by Sathyan Anthikkad , starring Kamalahasan and Ambika  Chamayam ( 1993 film ) , a Malayalam-language film directed by Bharathan , starring Manoj K Jayan and Sithara

neg: Sabu Cyril Sabu Cyril is an Indian film Production Designer . He has won National Film Award for Best Production Design four times , Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction ( including south ) five times and he was nominated at 42nd Saturn Awards . His work in Enthiran won him international recognition . Over the years , he has emerged to be the most expensive and celebrated art director in the country .

neg: Loha (1987 film) Loha is a 1987 Hindi film directed by Raj N. Sippy . It was released in India on 23 January 1987 . It stars Dharmendra , Shatrughan Sinha , Karan Kapoor , Madhavi , Mandakini and Amrish Puri . The film was one of that year 's highest grossing films . The film became Dharmendra 's first hit of the year 1987 , where he went on to deliver 7 more outright hits and hence , represented one of his best career years as well as an all-time record year for any Hindi film star . The film 's music became popular also , most notably , `` Isa Pir na musa pir , sabse bada hain paisa pir '' picturised beautifully on the male leads of the film .

neg: Lakshmi Saraswathi Lakshmi Saraswathi ( Kannada : ಲಕ ಷ ಮ ಸರಸ ವತ ) is a 1970 Indian Kannada film , directed by K. S. L. Swamy ( Ravi ) and produced by B H Jayanna . The film stars B. Sarojadevi , Ramesh , Sudarshan and R. Nagendra Rao in lead roles . The film had musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar .


query: Thomas Dam created the Troll dolls on which Trolls is based.

pos: Trolls (film) Trolls is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical romantic comedy adventure film based on the Troll dolls created by Thomas Dam . The film was directed by Mike Mitchell and co-directed by Walt Dohrn , written by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger and based on a story by Erica Rivinoja . The film features the voices of Anna Kendrick , Justin Timberlake , Zooey Deschanel , Russell Brand , James Corden and Gwen Stefani . The film revolves around two trolls on a quest to save their village from destruction by the Bergens , creatures who eat trolls .   The 33rd animated feature film produced by DreamWorks Animation , the film premiered on October 8 , 2016 , at the BFI London Film Festival and was theatrically released in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , by 20th Century Fox . The film received generally positive reviews from critics , grossed $ 345 million worldwide against its $ 125 million budget and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! '' .   A sequel , titled Trolls 2 , is scheduled to be released on April 10 , 2020 with Kendrick and Timberlake reprising their roles as Poppy and Branch respectively .

neg: Apple doll An apple doll is a North American cultural phenomenon where the doll 's head is made from dried apples . The apple is peeled , then carved with the facial features of the doll . Next the apple is left to dry for several days or weeks . When completely dry , the apple is positioned on the top of a wire frame which is shaped into the rest of the doll 's body . The rest of the wire frame is covered up by the doll 's clothing , which is usually sewn by hand . In modern times , apple dolls are mostly used as decorations or to display craftsmanship , rather than as children 's toys . Because of the different effects drying produces , no two dolls are alike .   Category : Traditional dolls

neg: Do The Write Thing The Do the Write Thing Challenge ( or DtWT ) is a writing program for junior high students organized by the U.S. National Campaign to Stop Violence . Intended to reduce youth violence , the Do the Write Thing Essay Challenge Program began in 1994 as a local program in Washington , D.C. and expanded in 1996 to other cities . According to Dr. Hassan Al-Ebraheem , founder and chairman of the Kuwait-America Foundation , the program has reached over 1.6 million children ( as of July 2013 ) across the country since its foundation .   Aimed at middle school students , one of the program 's primary objectives is to motivate students to make a personal commitment , in writing , to help prevent and reduce youth violence in their home , school , and communities . The students are then asked to address these three questions in an essay for submission :   How has youth violence and drugs affected my life ?  What are the causes of youth violence ?  What can I do about youth violence ?   After this , a panel , of usually volunteers or school staff , reads the essays and chooses `` school finalists '' . These `` school finalists '' continue on to a broader selection that is citywide . Each year , two finalists from each city -- one boy and one girl -- along with their teacher and parent , are honored at a national recognition ceremony in Washington , DC . While in Washington , DC , the DTWT National Ambassadors visit the United States Library of Congress , The United States Supreme Court , the United States Capitol and the Kuwait Embassy . Their essays are published in one volume , which is then presented to the Library of Congress .   The Challenge is the idea of Daniel Q. Callister , a Washington lawyer who says its purpose is four-fold : to provide children who have experienced or seen violence with a cathartic experience ; to give them motivation to change their behavior ; to be an education experience for teachers and the community ; and to get adults to help solve the problem .   Sponsors of `` Do the Write Thing '' include :  Kuwait America Foundation  Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science  Annenberg Foundation  Criminal Justice Division of the Governor 's Office in Texas  Marriott International  Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development  Southwest Airlines  Athletes for Hope  America 's Promise Alliance  Communities in Schools  Greater Washington Urban League , Inc. .  Harlem Globetrotters  National Counsel of Juvenile and Family Court Judges  United States National Guard

neg: Volcanic dam A volcanic dam is a type of natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism , which holds or temporarily restricts the flow of surface water in existing streams , like a man-made dam . There are two main types of volcanic dams , those created by the flow of molten lava , and those created by the primary or secondary deposition of pyroclastic material and debris . This classification generally excludes other , often larger and longer lived dam-type geologic features , separately termed crater lakes , although these volcanic centers may be associated with the source of material for volcanic dams , and the lowest portion of its confining rim may be considered as such a dam , especially if the lake level within the crater is relatively high .   Volcanic dams generally occur worldwide , in association with former and active volcanic provinces , and are known to have existed in the geologic record , in historic times and occur in the present day . Their removal or failure is similarly recorded . The longevity , and extent varies widely , having periods ranging from a few days , weeks or years to several hundred thousand years or more , and dimensions ranging from a few meters to hundreds , to several thousand .   The emplacement , internal structure , distribution and longevity of such dams can be related variously to the amount , rapidity and duration of ( primary ) geothermal energy released , and the rock material made available ; other considerations include the rock types produced , their physical and toughness characteristics , and their various modes of deposition . Depositional modes include gravity flow of molten lava at the surface , gravity flow or fall of pyroclastics through the air , as well as the redistribution and transportation of those materials by gravity and water .

neg: Uncanny valley In aesthetics , the uncanny valley is the hypothesis that human replicas which appear almost , but not exactly , like real human beings elicit feelings of eeriness and revulsion among some observers . Valley denotes a dip in the human observer 's affinity for the replica , a relation that otherwise increases with the replica 's human likeness . Examples can be found in robotics , 3D computer animations , and lifelike dolls among others . With the increasing prevalence of virtual reality , augmented reality , and photorealistic computer animation , the ` valley ' has been cited in the popular press in reaction to the verisimilitude of the creation as it approaches indistinguishability from reality . For example , Telus 's attempt to replace real animals in advertisements with animations like this wound up firmly in the ` uncanny valley ' and had negative , not positive , impact on those viewing the spots . Similar reactions can occur with special effects where care is not taken to either break away from the audience 's expectation of reality completely or honor it ( People and objects noticably not traveling in proper parabolic arcs when knocked flying , or real human bodies clearly being subject to loads that would not be survivable in reality -- the flight of Tom Cruise from helicopter to train at the end of Mission Impossible failed both of these tests . ) The ` uncanny valley ' has therefore moved from its origin about reactions to human simulacra , to reactions about photorealistic simulacra in general .

neg: Thomas Taylor (artist) Thomas Henry Taylor ( born 22 May 1973 ) is a British children 's writer and illustrator . He studied at Anglia Ruskin University . He painted the cover art for the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . Due to the number of questions regarding the identity of the wizard illustrated on the back cover of the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , and thanks to the contribution of an Argentine named Alfonso Ferrer in Taylor 's blog , in February 2016 , he decided to name him Robertus Tallis .   He has written and illustrated several picture books , starting with George and Sophie 's Museum Adventure in 1999 , and has two children 's novels , Haunters and Dan of the Dead , due to be published in 2012 .

neg: Troll cat A troll cat ( also milk rabbit , troll ball ) is the familiar of a witch in Scandinavian folklore . Either in the shape of a cat or a ball , troll cats sucked milk from cows and spat it out in the witches ' milk pails , and went into homes to lick up cream . Related creatures are milk hares and milk rabbits .

neg: The Railway Series The Railway Series is a set of story books about a railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor . There are 42 books in the series , the first being published in 1945 . Twenty-six were written by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry , up to 1972 . A further 16 were written by his son , Christopher Awdry ; 14 between 1983 and 1996 , and two more in 2007 and 2011 .   Nearly all of The Railway Series stories were based upon real-life events . As a lifelong railway enthusiast , Awdry was keen that his stories should be as realistic as possible . The engine characters were almost all based upon real classes of locomotive , and some of the railways themselves were directly based upon real lines in the British Isles .   Characters and stories from the books formed the basis of the children 's television series Thomas and Friends .   Audio adaptations of The Railway Series have been recorded at various times under the title The Railway Stories .

neg: Tales from Shakespeare Tales from Shakespeare is an English children 's book written by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary Lamb in 1807 .   The book is designed to make the stories of Shakespeare 's plays familiar to the young .  However , as noted in the authors ' Preface , '' -LSB- Shakespeare 's -RSB- words are used whenever it seemed possible to bring them in ; and in whatever has been added to give them the regular form of a connected story , diligent care has been taken to select such words as might least interrupt the effect of the beautiful English tongue in which he wrote : therefore , words introduced into our language since his time have been as far as possible avoided . ''   Mary Lamb was responsible for the comedies , while Charles wrote the tragedies ; they wrote the preface between them .   The book contains the following tales :   The Tempest ( Mary Lamb )  A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( Mary Lamb )  The Winter 's Tale ( Mary Lamb )  Much Ado About Nothing ( Mary Lamb )  As You Like It ( Mary Lamb )  Two Gentlemen of Verona ( Mary Lamb )  The Merchant of Venice ( Mary Lamb )  Cymbeline ( Mary Lamb )  King Lear ( Charles Lamb )  Macbeth ( Charles Lamb )  All 's Well That Ends Well ( Mary Lamb )  The Taming of the Shrew ( Mary Lamb )  The Comedy of Errors ( Mary Lamb )  Measure for Measure ( Mary Lamb )  Twelfth Night ( Mary Lamb )  Timon of Athens ( Charles Lamb )  Romeo and Juliet ( Charles Lamb )  Hamlet , Prince of Denmark ( Charles Lamb )  Othello ( Charles Lamb )  Pericles , Prince of Tyre ( Mary Lamb )   Tales from Shakespeare has been republished many times . It was illustrated by Sir John Gilbert in 1866 , by Arthur Rackham in 1899 and 1909 , by Louis Monziès in 1908 , by Walter Paget in 1910 , and by D. C. Eyles in 1934 .   In 1893-4 , the book was supplemented with some additional tales by Harrison S Morris and was re-published in the USA as a multi-volume set with colour plate illustrations .

neg: Troll (research station) Troll is a research station located at Jutulsessen , 235 km from the coast in the eastern part of Princess Martha Coast in Queen Maud Land , Antarctica . It is Norway 's only all-year research station in Antarctica , and is supplemented by the summer-only station Tor . Troll is operated by the Norwegian Polar Institute and also features facilities for the Norwegian Meteorological Institute , the Norwegian Institute for Air Research .   Contrary to most other research stations on the continent , Troll is constructed on the snow-free slope of solid rock breaking through the ice sheet at Jutulsessen , located 1275 m above mean sea level . The station opened as a summer-only station in 1990 and was taken into use as an all-year station in 2005 . It has an overwintering capacity of eight people and a summer capacity of 40 . It is served by Troll Airfield , which is the base for the Dronning Maud Land Air Network .

neg: Trollskogen Trollskogen ( `` enchanted forest '' or `` troll 's forest '' ) is a windswept , grazed pine forest and nature reserve in the northeast corner of the Baltic island Öland , Sweden ( Böda socken , Borgholm Municipality ) . The forest is on a promontory with an exposed shingle beach on the eastern side , the side of the Baltic Sea , and a sheltered bay on the western side , of Grankullaviken bay . The 100 ha reserve , formerly a Domänreservat , ( protected by the Swedish government forestry agency ) is part of the Böda Kronopark . Its southeastern boundary is also the north border of the nature reserve Bödakusten östra .

neg: Trolltider Trolltider ( `` Troll Times '' ) was the Sveriges Television 's Christmas calendar in 1979 . It 's one of the titles in the 2009 book Tusen svenska klassiker ( 2009 ) .

neg: Thumbelina `` Thumbelina '' -LSB- ˌθʌmbəˈliːnə -RSB- ( Tommelise ) is a literary fairy tale written by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen first published by C. A. Reitzel on 16 December 1835 in Copenhagen , Denmark , with `` The Naughty Boy '' and `` The Traveling Companion '' in the second installment of Fairy Tales Told for Children . `` Thumbelina '' is about a tiny girl and her adventures with appearance - and marriage-minded toads , moles , and cockchafers . She successfully avoids their intentions before falling in love with a flower-fairy prince just her size .   `` Thumbelina '' is chiefly Andersen 's invention , though he did take inspiration from tales of miniature people such as `` Tom Thumb '' . `` Thumbelina '' was published as one of a series of seven fairy tales in 1835 which were not well received by the Danish critics who disliked their informal style and their lack of morals . One critic , however , applauded `` Thumbelina '' . The earliest English translation of `` Thumbelina '' is dated 1846 . The tale has been adapted to various media including television drama and animated film .

neg: Hans Beck Hans Beck ( 6 May 1929 , Greiz -- 30 January 2009 , Markdorf ) was the German inventor of Playmobil toys . He is thus often called `` The Father of Playmobil '' .   Born in Greiz , Thuringia , Beck grew up in the town of Zirndorf . He trained as a cabinet maker and made small toy vehicles and figures for his younger siblings . He presented his model airplanes to Horst Brandstätter , owner of local toy company Geobra Brandstätter , who took him on , and asked him to develop toy figures for children .   As a hobby Beck built ultra-lightweight model aircraft for flying indoors . He competed in the FAI World Championships in Debrecen , Hungary in 1966 and won the individual title in the F1D class . In the early 1960s the planes had a wing span of 900 mm ( 550 mm today ) and were made from a balsa wood frame covered with a film of acetone lacquer . They were powered by a small rubber band wound to over 1,700 turns and could fly for over 40 minutes in large halls or airship hangars . The whole aeroplane weighed only 1.2 grams .   Beck spent three years developing the figurines with interchangeable accessories that became Playmobil . He conducted research that allowed him to develop a toy that would be flexible ( unlike tin soldiers ) , not too complex , that would fit in an average child 's hand and have a face like a child 's drawing ( a large head , smile , and no nose ) . `` I would put the little figures in their hands without saying anything about what they were , '' Beck remarked . `` They accepted them right away ... They invented little scenarios for them . They never grew tired of playing with them . '' Horst Brandstätter was not initially convinced of the viability of Beck 's idea , but allowed the inventor to continue developing the product .   The 1973 oil crisis greatly increased the price of plastics derived from oil . This prompted Geobra Brandstätter to consider products that generated more revenue for less plastic raw material than the hula-hoops and other large toys they had been producing . Beck 's figurines offered a possible solution . The company commissioned Beck to develop a series of figures with interchangeable parts .   `` Playmobil is a toy that does n't impose specific play patterns on children , '' Beck has remarked , `` but rather stimulates their imagination . ''   In 1974 , the company put the series on show in its display rooms . Visitors were initially reluctant to accept the toy . The toy was shown at that year 's International Toy Fair in Nuremberg . It proved popular with children . A Dutch firm subsequently agreed to buy a whole year 's production . Playmobil began to be sold worldwide in 1975 .   The first Playmobil sets were of Native Americans , construction workers and knights . Beck once mentioned in an interview that a jumbo jet , alien figures , and dinosaurs should never be introduced as Playmobil sets , but all three have since been released as Playmobil products .   After training a group of product designers to take his place , Beck retired in 1998 , just prior to the 25th birthday of the introduction of Playmobil .   During the World Expo 2000 in Hannover , Beck was among the 100 German personalities who were honored with a statue within the German Pavilion .   He died at the age of 79 on 30 January 2009 after a serious illness .

neg: Whisker Haven Whisker Haven Tales with the Palace Pets ( also abbreviated as Whisker Haven Tales or simply Whisker Haven ) is an American animated short series animated and produced by Ghostbot Studios and Disney Publishing , created and developed by Thomas the Tank Engine creator Britt Allcroft . It is based on Disney 's Palace Pets toyline , which in turn , is a spinoff of the Disney Princess Franchise . The series is directed by Alan Lau and written by Shea Fontana . The series launched on the Disney Junior Watch App and then aired on Disney Junior . The animated shorts are now available through the accompanying app , `` Palace Pets in Whisker Haven '' which also includes activities and games featuring the Palace Pets .

neg: The Toronto Song `` The Toronto Song '' is a comedy song by Canadian comedy group Three Dead Trolls in a Baggie . It is one of many songs ( including `` The White House Burned ( The War of 1812 ) '' ) the Trolls recorded that are often mistakenly attributed to The Arrogant Worms . Originally on the Con Troupo Comedius cassette tape , `` The Toronto Song '' also appears on the CD Skit Happens , a greatest hits collection of Three Dead Trolls skits . Before the tape , the song had spread across Canada but most listeners did n't know the song 's name . It was ( and still is ) often believed to be called `` Toronto Sucks '' , `` The Ontario Song '' , or `` Ontario Sucks '' .   The song starts with the Trolls ( who are from Edmonton , Alberta ) saying how much they hate the city of Toronto , its people , shanty towns , and landmarks . They then realize they hate all of Ontario , and finally all of Canada ( minus Alberta , but including Calgary ) . The criticisms of other parts of Canada range from practical ( `` Prince Edward Island is too small '' ) to absurd ( `` Manitoba 's population density is 1.9 people per square kilometre . Is n't that stupid ? '' ) .   The song is primarily poking fun at the popular Canadian activity of insulting Toronto and to a lesser extent Albertan pride and the Edmonton-Calgary rivalry .   The song was recorded with only a couple guitars . Later , a remake of the song , entitled `` The Toronto Song 2001 '' , had a full band performing the music and included a guitar solo and different banter . It was featured in the mockumentary film Let 's All Hate Toronto .   One minor error in the song is a mention of `` the Ontario Zoo '' , which does not exist . Toronto does have a zoo , but it is called the Toronto Zoo . This is corrected in the 2001 remake where the lyric is changed to `` Metro Zoo '' ( the zoo was originally called the `` Metropolitan Toronto Zoo '' ) .

neg: Muddle Earth Muddle Earth is a children 's novel by Paul Stewart , published in 2003 , and illustrated by Chris Riddell . It is largely a parody of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien . Like LOTR it is divided into three sections : Englebert the Enormous , Here Be Dragons and Doctor Cuddles of Giggle Glade . In 2011 a sequel titled Muddle Earth Too was published .

neg: Dollhouse A dollhouse or doll 's house is a toy home made in miniature . For the last century , dollhouses have primarily been the domain of children but their collection and crafting is also a hobby for many adults . The term dollhouse is used commonly in the United States and Canada . In the UK ( United Kingdom ) the term dolls ' house or dollshouse is used .   Today 's dollhouses trace their history back about four hundred years to the baby house display cases of Europe , which showed idealized interiors . Smaller dollhouses with more realistic exteriors appeared in Europe in the 18th century . Early dollhouses were all handmade , but following the Industrial Revolution and World War II , they were increasingly mass-produced and became more standardized and affordable . Dollhouses can range from simple boxes stacked together used as rooms for play , up to multimillion-dollar structures displayed in museums .   Contemporary children 's play dollhouses are mostly in 1:18 ( or 2/3 '' ) scale , while 1:12 ( or 1 '' ) scale is common for dollhouses made for adult collectors .

neg: Troll (disambiguation) A troll is a mythological creature .   Troll may also refer to :

neg: Fredmans epistlar Fredmans epistlar ( English : Fredman 's Epistles or Epistles of Fredman ) is a collection of 82 poems set to music by Carl Michael Bellman , a major figure in Swedish 18th century song . Though first published in 1790 , it was created over a period of twenty years from 1768 onwards . A companion volume , Fredmans sånger ( Fredman 's Songs ) was published the following year .   The Epistles vary widely in style and effect , from Rococo-themed pastorale with a cast of gods and demigods from classical antiquity to laments for the effects of Brännvin-drinking , tavern-scenes , and apparent improvisations . The lyrics , based on the lives of Bellman 's contemporaries in Gustavian-age Sweden , describe a gallery of fictional and semi-fictional characters and events taking place in Stockholm . Jean Fredman , an alcoholic former watchmaker , is the central character and fictional narrator . The `` soliloquy '' of Epistle 23 , a description of Fredman lying drunk in the gutter and then recovering in the Crawl-In Tavern , was described by Oscar Levertin as `` the to-be-or-not-to-be of Swedish literature '' . Ulla Winblad , based on one of Bellman 's friends , is the chief of the fictional `` nymphs '' . She is half goddess , half prostitute , a key figure among the demimonde characters of Fredman 's Epistles .   The Epistles are admired for the way that their poetry and music fit so well together . Bellman chose not to compose the tunes , instead borrowing and adapting existing melodies , most likely to exploit the humour of contrasting the associations of well-known tunes with the meanings he gave them . This may also have been intended to provide historical depth to his work ; he sometimes devoted considerable energy to adapting melodies to fit an Epistle 's needs .   Many of the Epistles have remained culturally significant in Scandinavia , especially in Sweden . They are widely sung and recorded : by choirs such as the Orphei Drängar , by professional solo singers such as Fred Åkerström and Cornelis Vreeswijk , and by ensemble singers such as Sven-Bertil Taube and William Clauson . The Epistles have been translated into German , French , English , Russian , Polish , Finnish , Italian and Dutch .

neg: Slappy the Dummy Slappy the Dummy is a fictional character and antagonist in the Goosebumps children 's series by R. L. Stine . He is one of the series ' most popular villains and the main antagonist of the Night of the Living Dummy saga . He is also the main antagonist of the Goosebumps movie . He is a Ventriloquist 's Doll that comes alive by these words , `` Karru Marri Odonna Loma Malunu Karrano '' .