query: The lion is a member of the family felidae along with the domestic cat.

pos: Lion The lion ( Panthera leo ) is one of the big cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae . The commonly used term African lion collectively denotes the several subspecies in Africa . With some males exceeding 250 kg in weight , it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger , barring hybrids like the liger . Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in India ( where an endangered remnant population resides in and around Gir Forest National Park ) . In ancient historic times , their range was in most of Africa , including North Africa , and across Eurasia from Greece and southeastern Europe to India . In the late Pleistocene , about 10,000 years ago , the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans : Panthera leo spelaea lived in northern and western Europe and Panthera leo atrox lived in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru . The lion is classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) , having seen a major population decline in its African range of 30 -- 50 % over two decades during the second half of the twentieth century . Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks . Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood , habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of concern . Within Africa , the West African lion population is particularly endangered .   In the wilderness , males seldom live longer than 10 to 14 years , as injuries sustained from continual fighting with rival males greatly reduce their longevity . In captivity they can live more than 20 years . They typically inhabit savanna and grassland , although they may take to bush and forest . Lions are unusually social compared to other cats . A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males . Groups of female lions typically hunt together , preying mostly on large ungulates . Lions are apex and keystone predators , although they are also expert scavengers obtaining over 50 percent of their food by scavenging as opportunity allows . While lions do not typically hunt humans , some have . Sleeping mainly during the day , lions are active primarily at night ( nocturnal ) , although sometimes at twilight ( crepuscular ) .   Highly distinctive , the male lion is easily recognised by its mane , and its face is one of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture . Depictions have existed from the Upper Paleolithic period , with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France dated to 17,000 years ago , through virtually all ancient and medieval cultures where they once occurred . It has been extensively depicted in sculptures , in paintings , on national flags , and in contemporary films and literature . Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire , and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoos over the world since the late eighteenth century . Zoos are cooperating worldwide in breeding programs for the endangered Asiatic subspecies .

pos: Felidae The biological family Felidae is a lineage of carnivorans that includes the cats . A member of this family is also called a felid .   The characteristic features of cats have evolved to support a carnivorous lifestyle , with adaptations for ambush or stalking and short pursuit hunting . They have gracile and muscular bodies , strong flexible forelimbs and retractable claws for holding prey , dental and cranial adaptations for a strong bite , and often have characteristic striped or spotted coat patterns for camouflage . Cats are obligate carnivores , meaning they are dependent on nutrients in animal flesh for survival , and because of the large proportion of meat in their diet are sometimes referred to as hypercarnivores . Of the 13 terrestrial families in the order Carnivora , they are the strictest carnivores .   Living cats belong to two subfamilies , the Pantherinae and Felinae . The former comprises the `` big cats '' ( the tiger , lion , jaguar , leopard , snow leopard , clouded leopard and Sunda clouded leopard ) . Felinae comprises all the non-pantherine cats , which range in size from the small rusty-spotted cat to the big cat-sized puma and includes such diverse forms as the lynx , ocelot , serval and cheetah , as well as the domestic cat .   The first cats emerged during the Oligocene , about 25 million years ago , with the appearance of Proailurus and Pseudaelurus . The latter species complex was ancestral to two main lines of felids , the cats in the extant subfamilies and a third major group of extinct cats , which are assigned to the subfamily Machairodontinae . The machairodonts included the saber-toothed cats such as the Smilodon . The `` false sabre toothed cats '' , the Barbourofelidae and Nimravidae , are not true cats , but are closely related and together with Felidae and other cat-like carnivores ( hyaenas , viverrids and mongooses ) make up the feliform carnivores .

neg: Leona Leona is a female variant of the name Leo or Leon . The name is derived from the Latin leo for `` lion '' . The French form of Leona is Leonie .   Leona may also refer to :

neg: Ragdoll The Ragdoll is a cat breed with blue eyes and a distinct colorpoint coat . It is a large and muscular semi-longhair cat with a soft and silky coat . Like all long haired cats , Ragdolls need grooming to ensure their fur does not mat . Developed by American breeder Ann Baker in the 1960s , it is best known for its docile and placid temperament and affectionate nature . The name `` Ragdoll '' is derived from the tendency of individuals from the original breeding stock to go limp and relaxed when picked up . Particularly popular in both the United Kingdom and the breed 's native United States , ragdoll cats often are known as `` dog-like cats '' or `` puppy-like cats '' due to behaviors such as their tendency to follow people around , their ease at being physically handled , and their relative lack of aggression toward other pets .

neg: Tonkinese cat Tonkinese are a domestic cat breed produced by crossbreeding between the Siamese and Burmese . They share many of their parents ' distinctively lively , playful personality traits and are similarly distinguished by a pointed coat pattern in a variety of colors . In addition to the modified coat colors of the `` mink '' pattern , which is a dilution of the point color ( as in watercolors ) , the breed is now being shown in the foundation-like Siamese and Burmese colors : pointed with white and Solid overall ( sepia . ) They are also now designated a natural breed , as their history has now determined them to have been extant since the 14th Century .

neg: List of people known as the Lion The Lion is an epithet used to describe :   Ali Pasha ( 1740-1822 ) , Ottoman pasha of Yanina  Henry the Lion ( 1129-1195 ) , Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria  Louis VIII of France ( 1187-1226 ) , King of France  Robert III , Count of Flanders ( 1249-1322 ) , the `` Lion of Flanders ''  Umur Beg ( 1309 ? -1348 ) , Emir of Aydin  William the Lion ( c. 1143-1214 ) , King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214  Willie `` The Lion '' Smith ( 1893-1973 ) , American jazz pianist  `` The Lion '' , a Miami-based American smuggler for the Medellin Cartel , featured in Narcos season 2 , episode 5

neg: Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo The coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo has a shield with a rampant red lion holding a torch . The background color of the shield is yellow with a green wavy stripe in the middle . A golden crown sits above the shield . Two large African elephants support the shield . A banner with the national motto `` Unité Travail Progrès '' ( `` Unity , Work , Progress '' translated from `` La Congolaise '' ) is draped from a bar supporting the elephants .   The arms were adopted in 1960 and readopted in 1991 after having been replaced with a simpler , unheraldic symbol during the People 's Republic of the Congo era from 1970 -- 1991 .   Category : National symbols of the Republic of the Congo  Congo , Republic of the  Congo , Republic  Congo , Republic  Congo , Republic  Congo , Republic

neg: Rabbit Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha , found in several parts of the world . There are eight different genera in the family classified as rabbits , including the European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) , cottontail rabbits ( genus Sylvilagus ; 13 species ) , and the Amami rabbit ( Pentalagus furnessi , an endangered species on Amami Ōshima , Japan ) . There are many other species of rabbit , and these , along with pikas and hares , make up the order Lagomorpha . The male is called a buck and the female is a doe ; a young rabbit is a kitten or kit .

neg: Domestic Shorthair Domestic Shorthair may refer to :   Domestic short-haired cat , the most common type of non-purebred house cat ; `` Domestic Shorthair '' is a cat show competition category name for this landrace , as used by some but not all fancier organizations which permit them  American Shorthair , a formal cat breed ; `` Domestic Shorthair '' was its original name in some US-based fancier organizations

neg: Palaeognathae Palaeognathae , or paleognaths , is one of the two living clades of birds -- the other being Neognathae . Together , these two clades form the clade Neornithes . Palaeognathae contains five extant branches of flightless lineages ( plus two extinct clades ) , termed ratites , and one flying lineage , the Neotropic tinamous . There are 47 species of tinamous , 5 of kiwis ( Apteryx ) , 3 of cassowaries ( Casuarius ) , 1 of emus ( Dromaius ) ( another became extinct in historic times ) , 2 of rheas and 2 of ostrich . Recent research has indicated that paleognaths are monophyletic but the traditional taxonomic split between flightless and flighted forms is incorrect ; tinamous are within the ratite radiation , meaning flightlessness arose independently multiple times via parallel evolution .   There are three extinct groups , the Lithornithiformes , the Dinornithiformes ( moas ) and the Aepyornithiformes ( elephant birds ) , that are undisputed members of Palaeognathae . There are other extinct birds which have been allied with the Palaeognathae by at least one author , but their affinities are a matter of dispute .   The word Paleognath is derived from the ancient Greek for `` old jaws '' in reference to the skeletal anatomy of the palate , which is described as more primitive and reptilian than that in other birds . Paleognathous birds retain some basal morphological characters but are by no means living fossils as their genomes continued to evolve at the DNA level under selective pressure at rates comparable to the Neognathae branch of living birds , though there is some controversy about the precise relationship between them and the other birds . There are also several other scientific controversies about their evolution ( see below ) .

neg: African civet The African civet ( Civettictis civetta ) -LSB- ˈsɪvɪt -RSB- is the largest representative of the African Viverridae and the sole member of its genus .  It is considered common and widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa .   It is primarily nocturnal and spends the day sleeping in dense vegetation . It is a solitary mammal that has a unique coloration : the black and white stripes and blotches covering the coarse pelage of the animal are extremely variable and allow it to be cryptic . The black bands surrounding its eyes closely resemble those of the raccoon . Other distinguishing features are its disproportionately large hindquarters and its erectile dorsal crest .   The African civet is an omnivorous generalist , taking small vertebrates , invertebrates , eggs , carrion , and vegetable matter . It is capable of taking on poisonous invertebrates and snakes . Prey is primarily detected by smell and sound rather than by sight . It prefers riverine habitats and woodlands .   Like all civets it has perineal glands that produce a fluid known as civet , which it spreads on markers in its territory to claim its range . It is used in the perfume industry .

neg: Fabaceae The Fabaceae , Leguminosae or Papilionaceae , commonly known as the legume , pea , or bean family , are a large and economically important family of flowering plants . It includes trees , shrubs , and perennial or annual herbaceous plants , which are easily recognized by their fruit ( legume ) and their compound , stipulated leaves . Many legumes have characteristics of flowers and fruits.The family is widely distributed , and is the third-largest land plant family in terms of number of species , behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae , with about 751 genera and some 19,000 known species  . The five largest of the genera are Astragalus ( over 3,000 species ) , Acacia ( over 1000 species ) , Indigofera ( around 700 species ) , Crotalaria ( around 700 species ) and Mimosa ( around 500 species ) , which constitute about a quarter of all legume species . The ca. 19,000 known legume species amount to about 7 % of flowering plant species . Fabaceae is the most common family found in tropical rainforests and in dry forests in the Americas and Africa .   Recent molecular and morphological evidence supports the fact that the Fabaceae is a single monophyletic family . This point of view has been supported not only by the degree of interrelation shown by different groups within the family compared with that found among the Leguminosae and their closest relations , but also by all the recent phylogenetic studies based on DNA sequences . These studies confirm that the Fabaceae are a monophyletic group that is closely related to the Polygalaceae , Surianaceae and Quillajaceae families and that they belong to the order Fabales .   Along with the cereals , some fruits and tropical roots a number of Leguminosae have been a staple human food for millennia and their use is closely related to human evolution .   A number are important agricultural and food plants , including Glycine max ( soybean ) , Phaseolus ( beans ) , Pisum sativum ( pea ) , Cicer arietinum ( chickpeas ) , Medicago sativa ( alfalfa ) , Arachis hypogaea ( peanut ) , Lathyrus odoratus ( sweet pea ) , Ceratonia siliqua ( carob ) , and Glycyrrhiza glabra ( liquorice ) . A number of species are also weedy pests in different parts of the world , including : Cytisus scoparius ( broom ) , Robinia pseudoacacia ( black locust ) , Ulex europaeus ( gorse ) , Pueraria lobata ( kudzu ) , and a number of Lupinus species .

neg: Shrew A shrew or shrew mouse ( family Soricidae ) is a small mole-like mammal classified in the order Eulipotyphla . True shrews are also not to be confused with West Indies shrews , treeshrews , otter shrews , or elephant shrews , which belong to different families or orders .   Although its external appearance is generally that of a long-nosed mouse , a shrew is not a rodent , as mice are . It is in fact a much closer relative of moles , and related to rodents only in that both belong to the Boreoeutheria Magnorder . Shrews have sharp , spike-like teeth , not the familiar gnawing front incisor teeth of rodents .   Shrews are distributed almost worldwide : of the major tropical and temperate land masses , only New Guinea , Australia , and New Zealand do not have any native shrews ; in South America , shrews are relatively recent immigrants and are present only in the northern Andes . In terms of species diversity , the shrew family is the fourth most successful mammal family , being rivalled only by the muroid rodent families Muridae and Cricetidae and the bat family Vespertilionidae .

neg: Columba (genus) The large bird genus Columba comprises a group of medium to large stout-bodied pigeons , often referred to as the typical pigeons . The terms `` dove '' and `` pigeon '' are used indiscriminately for smaller and larger Columbidae , respectively . Columba species -- at least those of Columba sensu stricto -- are generally termed `` pigeons '' , and in many cases wood-pigeons . The species commonly referred to just as `` the pigeon '' is the feral pigeon ( C. livia domestica ) . It is derived from the rock pigeon ( C. livia ) , which also has given rise to the majority of domesticated pigeon breeds , such as the racing pigeon . Meanwhile , `` wood pigeon '' by itself usually means the common wood pigeon ( C. palumbus ) .   This genus as understood today is native to the Old World , but some -- notably the domestic and feral rock pigeon -- have been introduced outside their natural range , for example in the Americas .

neg: Origin of the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog is not clear . The domestic dog is a member of genus Canis ( canines ) that forms part of the wolf-like canids , and is the most widely abundant carnivore . The closest living relative of the dog is the gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage . The dog and the extant gray wolf form two sister clades , with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated . The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago , with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago . These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists . The dog was the first domesticated species .   Where the genetic divergence of dog and wolf took place remains controversial , with the most plausible proposals spanning Western Europe , Central Asia , and East Asia . This has been made more complicated by the most recent proposal that fits the available evidence , which is that an initial wolf population split into East and West Eurasian groups ; these , before going extinct , were domesticated independently into two distinct dog populations between 14,000 -- 6,400 years ago . The Western Eurasian dog population was partially and gradually replaced by East Asian dogs introduced by humans at least 6,400 years ago .

neg: Homotherini Homotherini is an extinct tribe of carnivoran mammals of the family Felidae ( true cats ) . The tribe is commonly known as scimitar-toothed cats . These saber-toothed cats were endemic to North America , Europe , Asia , Africa , and South America from the Miocene to Pleistocene living from c. 23 Ma until c. 12,000 years ago .

neg: Lykoi The Lykoi , also called the Werewolf cat , is a natural mutation from a domestic short-haired cat that has the appearance of a werewolf . The mutation has occurred in domestic cats over the last 20 years . Genetic testing done at UC Davis confirm that the cats do not carry the Sphynx/Devon gene . The Lykoi breed was developed in Vonore , Tennessee . The word lykoi means `` wolves '' in Greek .

neg: Jungle cat The jungle cat ( Felis chaus ) , also called the reed cat or swamp cat , is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East , South and Southeast Asia and southern China . It is a member of the genus Felis and was first described by Johann Anton Güldenstädt in 1776 . Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber gave the jungle cat its present binomial name and is therefore generally considered as binomial authority . Ten subspecies are recognised at present .   The jungle cat is a large , long-legged cat ; it stands nearly 36 cm at shoulder and weighs 2 -- . Its sandy , reddish-brown or grey coat is uniformly coloured and without spots ; melanistic and albino individuals are also known . Moults occur biannually .   Typically diurnal , the jungle cat hunts throughout the day . Solitary in nature , jungle cats do not interact appreciably except in the mating season . The only prominent interaction is the mother-kitten bond . Territories are maintained by urine spraying and scent marking . The cat is primarily a carnivore , and prefers small mammals ( gerbils , hares and rodents ) and birds . It hunts by stalking its prey , followed by a sprint or a leap ; the sharp ears help in pinpointing the location of prey . Both sexes become sexually mature by the time they are a year old ; females enter oestrus from January to March . Mating behaviour is similar to that in the domestic cat : the male pursues the female in oestrus , seizes her by the nape of her neck and mounts her . Gestation lasts nearly two months . Births take place between December and June , though this might vary geographically . Kittens begin to catch their own prey at around six months and leave the mother after eight or nine months .   The jungle cat is a habitat generalist ; it inhabits places with adequate water and dense vegetation , such as swamps , wetlands and riparian areas . Despite its name , the jungle cat shuns rainforests and woodlands . The jungle cat is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and is mainly threatened by destruction of wetlands , trapping and poisoning . The status of the cat in the wild needs further study , though populations are thought to be declining .

neg: Evolution of birds The evolution of birds began in the Jurassic Period , with the earliest birds derived from a clade of theropoda dinosaurs named Paraves . Birds are categorized as a biological class , Aves . The earliest known is Archaeopteryx lithographica , from the Late Jurassic period , though Archaeopteryx is not commonly considered to have been a true bird . Modern phylogenies place birds in the dinosaur clade Theropoda . According to the current consensus , Aves and a sister group , the order Crocodilia , together are the sole living members of an unranked `` reptile '' clade , the Archosauria . Four distinct lineages of bird survived the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event 66 million years ago , giving rise to ostriches and relatives ( Paleognathae ) , ducks and relatives ( Anseriformes ) , ground-living fowl ( Galliformes ) , and `` modern birds '' ( Neoaves ) .   Phylogenetically , Aves is usually defined as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of a specific modern bird species ( such as the house sparrow , Passer domesticus ) , and either Archaeopteryx , or some prehistoric species closer to Neornithes ( to avoid the problems caused by the unclear relationships of Archaeopteryx to other theropods ) . If the latter classification is used then the larger group is termed Avialae . Currently , the relationship between dinosaurs , Archaeopteryx , and modern birds is still under debate .

neg: Falconidae The falcons and caracaras are around 60 species of diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae . The family is divided into two subfamilies , Polyborinae , which includes the caracaras and forest falcons , and Falconinae , the falcons , kestrels and falconets ( Microhierax and Spiziapteryx ) . They differ from the eagles of Accipitridae , in that falcons kill with their beaks instead of their taloned feet . They have a `` tooth '' on the side of their beak for this purpose .

neg: Felis attica Felis attica is an extinct felid of the subfamily Felinae . Around 12 million years ago , the genus Felis appeared and eventually gave rise to many of the modern small cats . Felis attica was a small lynx-like cat , and was one of the ancestors of the first modern Felis species , such as F. lunensis ( Martelli 's cat ) , which appeared around 2.5 million years ago during the Pliocene epoch . Fossil specimens of F. attica have been recovered in western Eurasia . Fossil evidence suggests that F. attica was among the smallest of the Miocene Felinae : about the size of the modern bobcat ( Lynx rufus ) , but with a longer profile . It was made the type species of a separate genus , Pristifelis , by Salesa et al. ( 2012 ) .

neg: Maine Coon The Maine Coon is one of the largest domesticated breeds of cat . It has a distinctive physical appearance and valuable hunting skills . It is one of the oldest natural breeds in North America , specifically `` native '' to the state of Maine ( though the feline was simply introduced there ) , where it is the official state cat .   No records of the Maine Coon 's exact origins and date of introduction to the United States exist , so several competing hypotheses have been suggested . The breed was popular in cat shows in the late 19th century , but its existence became threatened when long-haired breeds from overseas were introduced in the early 20th century . The Maine Coon has since made a comeback and is now one of the more popular cat breeds in the world .   The Maine Coon is a large and sociable cat , hence its nickname , `` the gentle giant . '' It is characterized by a prominent ruff along its chest , robust bone structure , triangular body shape , an uneven two layered coat with longer guard hairs with a silky satin under layer undercoat , and a long , bushy tail . The breed 's colors vary widely , with only lilac and chocolate disallowed for pedigree . Reputed for its intelligence and playful , gentle personality , the Maine Coon is often cited as having `` dog-like '' characteristics . Professionals notice certain health problems in the breed including feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hip dysplasia , but reputable breeders use modern screening methods to minimize the frequency of these problems .


query: Boston Legal is a spin-off.

pos: Boston Legal Boston Legal is an American legal dramedy created by David E. Kelley and produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC . The series aired from October 3 , 2004 , to December 8 , 2008 . The series , starring James Spader , with Candice Bergen , and William Shatner , is a spin-off of the long-running Kelley series The Practice , following the exploits of former Practice character Alan Shore at the legal firm of Crane , Poole & Schmidt .

neg: Financial District, Boston The Financial District of Boston is located in the downtown area near Government Center and Chinatown .   Like many areas within Boston , the Financial District has no official definition . It is roughly bounded by Atlantic Avenue , State Street , and Devonshire Street . Parts of the Financial District are in various USPS postal ZIP Codes , including 02108 , 02109 , 02110 , and 02111 .

neg: State Street Block (Boston) State Street Block ( built 1857 ) is a granite building near the waterfront in the Financial District of Boston , Massachusetts . Architect Gridley James Fox Bryant designed it . In the 1850s `` the Long and Central Wharf Corporation ... sold each bay to individual owners , requiring that ` the granite to be used for the sidewalk & facade of each bay must be purchased from the Corporation & erected according to the architect 's plan . ' ''   Walt Whitman visited Boston in 1860 , and wrote about what he saw : `` Noblest of all State Street Block , east of the Custom House , rough granite . The above probably one of the finest pieces of com -LSB- merical -RSB- architecture in the world . '' Another visitor travelling through Boston ( in 1859 ) called it `` a magnificent block . ''   In the mid-20th century , `` nearly three-quarters of the original 22-bay building ... was amputated for construction of the Central Artery ... and the roofline of the remainder has been destroyed . '' The surviving portion of the block was added as part of the Custom House District to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 .

neg: Boston University School of Law Boston University School of Law ( BU Law ) is a nationally recognized law school located in the heart of Boston University 's campus on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston , Massachusetts .   Consistently ranked among the top American law schools , `` U.S. News and World Report '' currently ranks it 23rd in the country . Three specialties are in the top 10 , including Health Law ( # 2 ) , Tax Law ( # 7 ) , and Intellectual Property Law ( # 9 ) . Princeton Review ranks it 1st place nationally in `` Best Professors '' and 8th place for `` Best Classroom Experience . '' For the class of 2018 , the median student LSAT score was 164 and median GPA was 3.68 .   BU was one of the first law schools in the country to admit students regardless of race or gender , the second-oldest law school in Massachusetts , and a charter member of the American Bar Association . Nearly 700 students are enrolled in the full-time J.D. degree program and about 350 in the School 's five LLM degree programs . The School offers more than 200 classes and seminars , 21 study abroad opportunities , and 17 dual degree programs . Students learn critical legal theory and doctrine in classes that average a 10.6:1 student/faculty ratio , while developing professional lawyering skills in the School 's 1L Lawyering Lab , civil and criminal law clinics , national and international externships , pro bono placements , and transactional law program . BU also pioneered a clinic to represent victims of human trafficking in Boston .

neg: Law & Order: Trial by Jury Law & Order : Trial by Jury is an American television drama about criminal trials set in New York City . It was the fourth series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . The show 's almost exclusive focus was on the criminal trial of the accused , showing both the prosecution 's and defense 's preparation for trial , as well as the trial itself . The series premiered on Thursday , March 3 , 2005 , and ended on January 21 , 2006 . Its regular time slot was Fridays 10/9 p.m. ET on NBC . The last episode aired on Court TV months after the series ' cancellation .

neg: The Law Firm The Law Firm is an American reality competition series which aired on NBC from July 28 , 2005 , until August 4 , 2005 . It features up-and-coming lawyers competing against each other while trying real court cases with real clients , in front of real judges and juries , resulting in outcomes that are final , legal and binding for the parties . The grand prize is $ 250,000 . Trial attorney and legal analyst Roy Black is the managing partner of The Law Firm . As managing partner , Black decides who will be eliminated each week .   5.08 million viewers tuned into the premiere and later dipped to 4.04 million for its second episode thus leading NBC to pull the series off the air . The remaining episodes aired on Bravo .

neg: Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case .   Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions .   The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .

neg: Boston Road, Springfield, Massachusetts Boston Road is Springfield , Massachusetts 's principal commercial and retail corridor . The Boston Road neighborhood is located on the eastern edge of the city , beginning about five miles from Metro Center . It is a medium-sized Springfield neighborhood , containing 727 acre plus rights-of-way and water bodies . Principal boundaries are the Boston & Albany Railroad to the north ; the North Branch of the Mill River to the south ; the Town of Wilbraham to the east ; and Cobb and Methuen Streets to the west .   Boston Road remains a commercial stronghold , home to the fully occupied Eastfield Mall , various big box stores , a movie theater , and a branch of Hampden Bank .   Just across from the above-mentioned Hampden Bank , Springfield city parks including Five Mile Pond and Loon Pond provide places to swim , fish , boat , and picnic . The High School of Science & Technology and the controversially renovated Putnam Vocational High School are located in this neighborhood .   The neighborhood also features numerous local and chain restaurants , not to mention a handful of independently owned restaurants and bars . Overall , Springfield 's Boston Road is one of the city 's most eclectic neighborhoods , functioning as a car-oriented version of Metro Center . Whereas one does not need a car to shop and enjoy Springfield 's compact Metro Center , a car is a necessity for use along Boston Road .

neg: Justice (2006 TV series) Justice is an American legal drama produced by Jerry Bruckheimer that aired on Fox in the USA and CTV in Canada . The series also aired on Warner Channel in Latin America , Nine Network in Australia , and on TV2 In New Zealand .   It first was broadcast on Wednesdays at 9:00 but , due to low ratings , it was rescheduled to Mondays at 9:00 , in the hope viewers of the hit series Prison Break would stay tuned . On November 13 , 2006 , the show was put on hiatus , but two days later the network announced it was shifting it to Fridays at 8:00 to replace the canceled Vanished .   Fourteen episodes of the series were ordered , of which 13 episodes were produced . Twelve of the episodes of Justice have aired in the United States with the final episode airing in Mexico , the UK and Germany .

neg: Boston Medical Group The Boston Medical Group is , a network of medical offices sharing research information and treatment methods for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation .  Founded in Australia , The company opened its first office in Mexico in Guadalajara , Jalisco on 4 July 1997 . Currently , Boston Medical Group has twenty-one office locations across the United States in states including California , Texas , Washington , Michigan , New York , Colorado and Florida as well as over half a dozen additional offices in several other countries , including Mexico , Argentina , Brazil , Colombia , Peru and Spain .

neg: Kevin Hill Kevin Hill is an American legal drama that aired on UPN during the 2004 -- 2005 TV season . It was filmed and produced in Toronto , Canada .

neg: List of Harry's Law episodes Harry 's Law is an American legal comedy-drama television series created by David E. Kelley , which premiered on NBC on January 17 , 2011 . The show revolves around Harriet Korn ( Kathy Bates ) , a recently fired patent lawyer , and her group of associates as they come together to form a unique law practice in a rundown shoe store in Cincinnati .

neg: Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode .   The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order .   Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes .   A popular variant is the police procedural .

neg: State Street Corporation State Street Corporation , known as State Street , is an American worldwide financial services holding company . State Street was founded in 1792 and is the second oldest financial institution in the United States of America and the third largest asset manager in the world with 2.45 trillion USD asset under management . They are responsible for the custody and administration of 11 % of the world 's total assets . The company 's headquarters are at One Lincoln Street in Boston and it has offices in 29 countries around the world .   State Street is organized into three main divisions . The Global Services business is a custodian bank with $ 28 trillion ( USD ) of assets under custody and administration . The Global Advisors business provides investment management services and has $ 2.45 trillion ( USD ) of assets under management . The Global Markets business offers investment research and trading services to institutional investors .

neg: Boston (disambiguation) Boston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts .   Boston may also refer to :

neg: Academy of Legal Studies in Business The Academy of Legal Studies in Business is an American-based professional association for teachers and scholars in the fields of business , law , legal environment , and law-related courses outside of professional law schools . It was founded in 1924 , and now has an international membership . The nearly 1,000 members teach primarily in schools of business in colleges and universities , at both the undergraduate and graduate levels . Members come from all fifty states , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , Ireland , England , and a number of other nations .   The Academy provides a forum for the exchange of ideas , and encourages support and cooperation among those who teach and conduct research in the field of legal studies . The Academy publishes two top-tier journals : the American Business Law Journal ( ABLJ ) and the Journal of Legal Studies Education ( JLSE ) . For new faculty members in business law fields , the organization offers a Mentorship Program that pairs new ALSB members with experienced teachers and researchers .   The ALSB hosts an annual conference for members to share their scholarly works and teaching innovations . Recent conferences have been held in St. Petersburg , FL ( 2006 ) , Indianapolis , IN ( 2007 ) , Long Beach , CA ( 2008 ) , Denver , CO ( 2009 ) , Richmond , VA ( 2010 ) , New Orleans , LA ( 2011 ) , Kansas City , KS ( 2012 ) , Boston , MA ( 2013 ) , Seattle , WA ( 2014 ) , Philadelphia , PA ( 2015 ) , and San Juan , PR ( 2016 ) . Upcoming locations include Savannah , GA ( 2017 ) , Portland , OR ( 2018 ) , and Montreal , Quebec , Canada ( 2019 ) .   In addition to international events , the organization has twelve related regional organizations which host annual meetings . Several of the regional organizations also sponsor academic journals .

neg: Suffolk University Law School Suffolk University Law School ( also known as `` Suffolk Law School '' ) . Suffolk University Law School is a private , non-sectarian law school located in downtown Boston , Massachusetts . Suffolk University Law School was founded in 1906 by Gleason Archer , Sr. to provide a legal education for those who traditionally lacked the opportunity to study law because of socio-economic or racial discrimination . Suffolk is the fourth-oldest New England law school in continuous existence .   The law school currently has both day and evening , part-time divisions . Suffolk University Law School has been accredited by the American Bar Association since 1953 and the Association of American Law Schools since 1977 . The school is located in Sargent Hall on Tremont Street in downtown Boston . Suffolk offers over 200 upper-level electives , the most of any law school in the country , and is consistently ranked one of the most technologically advanced schools in the nation . Suffolk publishes six law reviews , to which students , faculty , and other scholars contribute . Suffolk University Law School alumni are found in high-level judicial , political , and private positions throughout the United States . With over 25,000 alumni , Suffolk is the fourth largest law school in the United States .   According to Suffolk Law 's 2013 ABA-required disclosures , 36.9 % of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time , long-term , JD-required employment nine months after graduation .

neg: Hill and Barlow Hill & Barlow was a law firm in Boston , Massachusetts that was dissolved in 2002 . Founded in 1895 , the firm had been one of the city 's oldest and most elite firms , and was also the 12th largest in Boston at the time of its dissolution , employing 145 lawyers . The firm was founded by Arthur Hill , known for defending the anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti . Hill & Barlow was dissolved when approximately one third of the firm , mostly the real estate group , left , eventually joining Piper Rudnick ( now DLA Piper ) in 2003 . ( A group representing authors and movie producers were the first to leave for Fish & Richardson . ) Remaining attorneys reported feeling `` blindsided '' by the unexpected upheaval , but those departing felt that the planned restructuring was coming too late .   Notable former employees include :   Robert Mueller , director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ;  Michael S. Greco , President of the American Bar Association , the Massachusetts Bar Association , the New England Bar Association , and the New England Bar Foundation ;  former Massachusetts governors Endicott Peabody , Michael Dukakis and William Weld ;  Deval Patrick , the first African American Governor of Massachusetts and former U.S. assistant attorney general for Civil Rights under Bill Clinton ;  former Massachusetts State Senator Jarrett Barrios ;  Joseph D. Steinfield , Prince Lobel Tye LLP  Gael , Mahony , Holland & Knight  Federal Judge Reginald C. Lindsay , U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts ( 1993 ) ;  Jane Schacter , currently a professor at Stanford Law School and former assistant attorney general , Massachusetts ;  Paul R. McDaniel , professor of law at the University of Florida Levin College of Law ;  James R. Repetti , professor of law at Boston College Law School ;  John A. E. Pottow , professor of law at the University of Michigan Law School .  Michael Weisman , adjunct professor of law at Yale Law School and attorney for Marie Evans in Evans v. Lorillard Tobacco which resulted in an $ 152 million jury verdict .  Robert Bone , professor of law at The University of Texas School of Law .  David A. Hoffman , Lecturer on Law at Harvard Law School and founder of Boston Law Collaborative , LLC  John C. P. Goldberg , professor of law at Harvard Law School  Huyen Pham , professor of law at Texas A&M Law School  Thomas Main , professor of law at UNLV William S. Boyd School of Law

neg: Ropes & Gray Ropes & Gray LLP is a global law firm with 11 offices located in the United States , Asia and Europe . The firm has more than 1,200 lawyers and professionals worldwide , and its clients include corporations and financial institutions , government agencies , universities , and health care organizations . It was founded in 1865 in Boston , Massachusetts by John Codman Ropes and John Chipman Gray .   The firm 's major practice areas include private equity , mergers & acquisitions , intellectual property , complex business litigation , securities litigation , health care , life sciences , bankruptcy and business restructuring , government enforcement and white collar crime , privacy & data security , investment management , hedge funds , antitrust , employee benefits , tax , and real estate . Ropes & Gray also is recognized as a global leader in several industries , including life sciences , health care , asset management , TMT ( technology , media & telecommunications ) and retail .

neg: TruTV truTV ( formerly Court TV ) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner . The network was originally launched in 1991 as Court TV , a network that focused on crime-themed programs such as documentary series , legal dramas , and coverage of prominent criminal cases . With its relaunch as truTV in 2008 , the network revamped its lineup with a focus on reality shows and `` caught on camera '' programs , which the network marketed as `` actuality '' television . In October 2014 , TruTV 's lineup was reoriented with a focus on comedy programming and comedy-based reality series .   As of February 2015 , approximately 89.7 million US households ( 77 % of households with television ) receive truTV .


query: Gerard Butler has a middle name: James.

pos: Gerard Butler Gerard James Butler ( born 13 November 1969 ) is a Scottish actor who has appeared on film , stage , and television . After studying law , Butler turned to acting in the mid-1990s with small roles in productions such as Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) , and Tale of the Mummy ( 1998 ) . In 2000 , he starred as Dracula in the horror film Dracula 2000 with Christopher Plummer and Jonny Lee Miller .   The following year onward , he played Attila the Hun in the miniseries Attila ( 2001 ) and then appeared in the films Reign of Fire with Christian Bale ( 2002 ) , and Lara Croft Tomb Raider : The Cradle of Life with Angelina Jolie ( 2003 ) , before playing André Marek in the adaptation of Michael Crichton 's science fiction adventure Timeline ( 2003 ) . He then was cast as the role of Erik , The Phantom in Joel Schumacher 's 2004 film adaptation of the musical The Phantom of the Opera alongside Emmy Rossum . That role earned him a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor .   Although Attila and The Phantom of the Opera were important breaks , it was only in 2007 that Butler gained worldwide recognition for his portrayal of King Leonidas in Zack Snyder 's fantasy war film 300 . That role earned him nominations for an Empire Award for Best Actor and a Saturn Award for Best Actor and a win for MTV Movie Award for Best Fight . In the 2010s , he voiced the role of Stoick the Vast in the animated action-fantasy film How to Train Your Dragon , a role he later reprised in Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon ( 2010 ) , Gift of the Night Fury ( 2011 ) and How to Train Your Dragon 2 ( 2014 ) . He played military leader Tullus Aufidius in the 2011 film Coriolanus , the modernized adaptation of Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name . He also played Sam Childers in the 2011 action biopic Machine Gun Preacher .

neg: Jennings (novel series) The Jennings series is a collection of novels written by Anthony Buckeridge ( 1912 -- 2004 ) , as children 's literature , and concern the humorous escapades of J.C.T. Jennings , a schoolboy at Linbury Court preparatory school in England . There are 23 novels in the series , excluding reprints and other material . The first of the series , Jennings Goes to School , appeared in 1950 , and new titles were published regularly until the mid-1970s ( the last was Jennings at Large , published in 1977 , the only novel to feature Jennings during the school holidays ) , with two more volumes following in the 1990s ( Jennings Again in 1991 , and That 's Jennings in 1994 ) .   The earliest ten novels in the series were reprinted in the UK in paperback , by Armada Books , in the late 1960s ; and many of the novels were translated from the original English into foreign languages . Quite often , the character 's name was not even retained : when published in France , Jennings ' name was changed to `` Bennett '' ; in Norway he was known as `` Stompa '' ; and in Brazil , when published during the 1970s , the character 's name became `` Johnny '' .

neg: Butler Gallery Butler Gallery is an art gallery in Kilkenny , Ireland , with a collection of works by important Irish and international artists from the present day back to the 18th century . Artists represented include Nathaniel Hone , Louis le Brocquy , Jack Butler Yeats , Barrie Cooke , Tony O'Malley , Mainie Jellett , and Stephen Lawlor . Solo exhibitions have been held by numerous prominent artists , including Nick Miller ( artist ) and Fergus Martin . Located in Kilkenny Castle , the gallery is named in honor of Peggy and Hubert Butler .

neg: Jake Butler (footballer) Jacob ` Jake ' Butler ( born 12 November 1984 ) is a New Zealand footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Waitakere United and the New Zealand national football team .

neg: James McElroy James `` Jimmy Mac '' McElroy ( 1945 - 2011 ) was an Irish American mobster and racketeer from Manhattan , New York who was an enforcer for The Westies , a criminal organization that operated out of Hell 's Kitchen .

neg: Gérard James Gérard James is an American set decorator . He won an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film Dangerous Liaisons .

neg: Gavin James (singer) Gavin Wigglesworth , known professionally as Gavin James , is an Irish singer-songwriter . In March 2013 and March 2016 , he won the Choice Music Prize Irish Song of the Year award .

neg: Jennifer James Jennifer James ( born Jennifer Marie Reynolds ; 3 December 1977 ) is an English actress born in Billinge Higher End , Wigan in Greater Manchester . She played the role of Geena Gregory in Coronation Street .

neg: Jimmy Hawkins James F. Hawkins ( born November 13 , 1941 ) , known as Jimmy Hawkins , and later , Jim Hawkins , is an American actor and film producer whose career began as a child actor to such Hollywood stars as Lana Turner , Spencer Tracy , James Stewart , and Donna Reed . His acting career spans the time frame from 1944 -- 1974 , after which he devoted his energies to the production of films and later to his construction/contracting business . Hawkins had starring roles in several television series : The Ruggles ( 1949 -- 1952 ) , Annie Oakley ( 1954 -- 1957 , syndicated ) , The Donna Reed Show ( 1958 -- 1966 , ABC ) , and Petticoat Junction ( the first four seasons , 1963 -- 1967 , CBS ) . He also had recurring roles as ( 1 ) a friend of the Nelson brothers on ABC 's The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and ( 2 ) as Jonathan Baylor on CBS 's Ichabod and Me sitcom with Robert Sterling and George Chandler in the 1961 -- 1962 season . He guest starred in many other programs during his childhood and young adult years , such as the CBS sitcom , Dennis the Menace .   Hawkins was born in Los Angeles to Thomas J. Hawkins ( 1913 -- 1993 ) and Bette C. Hawkins ( born c. 1916 ) . His first roles -- as a two-year-old -- were uncredited -- Spencer Tracy 's The Seventh Cross and Lana Turner 's Marriage Is a Private Affair at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios . His mother was the force behind his early childhood acting . He graduated from the Roman Catholic-affiliated Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks , Los Angeles .

neg: Michael Butler (producer) Michael Butler ( born November 26 , 1926 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American theatrical producer best known for bringing the rock musical Hair from the Public Theater to Broadway in 1968 . During his time as Hair producer he was dubbed by the press as `` the hippie millionaire '' . Other Broadway production credits include the play Lenny in 1971 and the musical Reggae in 1980 .

neg: Jerry (given name) Jerry is a given name , used for males . It is of Old English origin , and sometimes can be spelled Gerry , Gerrie , Geri , Jery , Jere , Jerrie , or Jeri . It is a diminutive form ( hypocorism ) of Gerald , Gerard , Geraldine , Jeremy , Jeremiah , Jermaine , or Jerome .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Gerard Woodward Gerard Woodward ( born 1961 ) is a British novelist , poet and short story writer , best known for his trilogy of novels concerning the troubled Jones family , the second of which , I 'll Go to Bed at Noon , was shortlisted for the 2004 Man-Booker Prize .

neg: Jimmy Hayward James `` Jimmy '' Hayward ( born September 17 , 1970 ) is a Canadian-American film director , screenwriter and animator .

neg: George Butler (1819–1890) The Reverend Canon George Butler ( 11 June 1819 -- 14 March 1890 ) was an English divine and schoolmaster .

neg: Gerard Mannix Flynn Gerard Mannix Flynn , sometimes written only as Mannix Flynn , is an Irish politician . He was born in Dublin in May 1957 . Aside from his work on the Dublin City Council he is also a well known author and playwright , having written the novel Nothing To Say in 1983 and the play James X in 2002 .

neg: Michael Butler (computer scientist) Michael J. Butler is Professor of Computer Science at the University of Southampton , England .   Butler was originally from Ireland and received his bachelor 's degree in Computer Science from Trinity College , Dublin in 1988 . He then undertook an MSc and DPhil at the Programming Research Group in Oxford ( 1989 and 1992 respectively ) , working in the area of Communicating Sequential Processes ( CSP ) . Subsequently he worked for Broadcom in Dublin and at Åbo Akademi University in Turku , Finland with Ralph-Johan Back on Refinement Calculus . He joined the University of Southampton in 1995 as a lecturer , rising to Reader in 2000 and then Professor in the same year .   He leads the Dependable Systems & Software Engineering ( DSSE ) group at the School of Electronics and Computer Science , University of Southampton . His main research is in the area of the B-Method ( originated by J.-R . Abrial ) , especially tool support such as ProB ( model checking for B ) , U2B ( UML and B ) , csp2B ( CSP and B ) , and the RODIN toolset for Event-B .

neg: Gerald Eades Bentley Gerald Eades Bentley ( September 15 , 1901 -- July 25 , 1994 ) was an American academic and literary scholar , best remembered for his seven-volume work , The Jacobean and Caroline Stage , published by Oxford University Press between 1941 and 1968 . That work , modeled on Edmund Kerchever Chambers ' classic four-volume The Elizabethan Stage , has itself become a standard and essential reference work on English Renaissance theatre .   Bentley was born in Brazil , Indiana , the son of a Methodist clergyman . Originally intending to be a creative writer , he changed his career to literary scholarship during his graduate studies . He earned his B.A. at DePauw University ( 1923 ) , his M.A. in English at the University of Illinois ( 1926 ) , and his Ph.D. at the University of London ( 1929 ) , studying under Allardyce Nicoll . Bentley taught at the University of Chicago from 1929 to 1945 before accepting a position as Murray Professor of English at Princeton University in 1945 , where he served until his retirement in 1970 . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1975 .   In addition to his Jacobean and Caroline Stage , Bentley wrote a wide range of works on Shakespeare and other figures of the English Renaissance . His essay `` Shakespeare and the Blackfriars Theatre , '' originally published in the inaugural issue of the Shakespeare Survey in 1948 , has been widely reprinted . Bentley edited several works for modern editions , including Othello , and The Alchemist .   In his obituary , the New York Times noted that he raised a literary stir in 1956 when he edited and wrote the preface to a hitherto unknown 1577 text called The Arte of Angling in which he noted several passages that reminded him of Isaac Walton 's later The Compleat Angler . The Times quotes D. E. Rhodes , a British authority on fishing literature , who defended Walton , saying , `` It seems to me unjust to accuse Izaak Walton of plagiarism , because plagiarism did not exist in the 17th century . All authors of that and earlier ages read what they liked and used what they liked of it without acknowledgment . ''   Bentley was married first to Esther Felt , a significant colleague in his scholarly work , from 1927 until her death in 1961 . In 1965 , he married Ellen Voigt Stern , who died in 1990 . Bentley 's son and namesake from his first marriage , Gerald Eades Bentley Jr. , became a noted literary scholar in his own right , specializing in the career and works of William Blake . He spent most of his career at the University of Toronto .

neg: James Butler (Bible scholar) James Butler was a pioneer of the Bible College movement in Adelaide , South Australia , and was the joint founding Superintendent of Adelaide Bible Institute ( now Bible College of South Australia ) with his brother-in-law Sam Barrett .

neg: John Butler (artist) John Davidson Butler ( 1890 -- 1976 ) , was an American artist from Seattle , Washington . He worked primarily as a painter , but later also as a printmaker and ceramicist .   Butler was one of three Seattle artists who worked together under the name `` The Triad '' . The others were etcher Roi Partridge and miniaturist Clare Shepard Shisler . Also in their circle were photographer Imogen Cunningham ( who used Butler and the others extensively as models , and later married Partridge ) , and painters Mabel Lisle Ducasse and Yasushi Tanaka .   As a youth , Butler studied in Seattle under Carlotta Blaurock , who had been , in turn , a student of James McNeill Whistler . He also studied with Ella Shepard Bush ( founder in 1894 of the Seattle Art School ) and other local artists . Some of his early work was exhibited at Seattle 's 1909 Alaska -- Yukon -- Pacific Exposition . In 1910 , he followed Partridge to New York , where two of Butler 's watercolors were shown at the American Watercolor Society exhibition at the National Academy of Design . The two traveled on to Europe where Butler studied at the Colorossi Academy in Paris and also studied in Germany .   Returning to America , he continued his studies under William Merritt Chase , at a summer 1914 class in Carmel , California . There , he shared a first prize from Chase with a fellow Seattle artist , Louise Crow . Upon returning home , he had a successful solo exhibition at the Seattle Fine Arts Society , which was a predecessor to the Seattle Art Museum . He offered private classes , and also became the first teacher of painting at the Cornish School , later Cornish College of the Arts . His students included Kenneth Callahan and Thomas Handforth .   He served in the military in World War I ; after the war , he remained primarily in Europe until 1932 , periodically sending works for exhibition in Seattle . While in Europe he began making woodcuts and blockprints , which were exhibited at the Northwest Printmakers Society in Seattle , among other venues . Returning the U.S. , he taught at a variety of institutions in Seattle , Minneapolis , Virginia , and Pennsylvania . He received a Bronze Medal in a national figure composition competition at Washington , D.C. 's Corcoran Gallery in 1938 . In the early 1940s , he began working in ceramics .   Butler produced numerous murals in Seattle and elsewhere and illustrations for local Seattle publications . He also wrote articles and worked with arts organizations to promote art in Seattle .   Butler rarely signed his works , so it is not always readily apparent what works are his . Some of the early works when he was associated with `` The Triad '' bear a triangular cipher . He sometimes signed his work with his initials , `` J.B. ''   The Seattle Art Museum 's collection includes a painting by Butler , depicting a couple resting on the banks of Lake Washington on a Summer Day .

neg: Keith Butler Keith Butler may refer to :


query: Orson Welles never adapted William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.

pos: Orson Welles George Orson Welles ( -LSB- ˈwɛlz -RSB- May 6 , 1915 -- October 10 , 1985 ) was an American actor , director , writer , and producer who worked in theatre , radio , and film . He is remembered for his innovative work in all three : in theatre , most notably Caesar ( 1937 ) , a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar ; in radio , the legendary 1938 broadcast `` The War of the Worlds '' ; and in film , Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , consistently ranked as one of the all-time greatest films .   In his 20s , Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project , including an adaptation of Macbeth with an entirely African American cast , and the political musical The Cradle Will Rock . In 1937 he and John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre , an independent repertory theatre company that presented a series of productions on Broadway through 1941 . Welles found national and international fame as the director and narrator of a 1938 radio adaptation of H. G. Wells ' novel The War of the Worlds performed for his radio anthology series The Mercury Theatre on the Air . It reportedly caused widespread panic when listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was actually occurring . Although some contemporary sources claim these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated , they rocketed Welles to notoriety .   His first film was Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , which he co-wrote , produced , directed , and starred in as Charles Foster Kane . Welles was an outsider to the studio system and directed only 13 full-length films in his career . He struggled for creative control on his projects early on with the major film studios and later in life with a variety of independent financiers , and his films were either heavily edited or remained unreleased . His distinctive directorial style featured layered and nonlinear narrative forms , uses of lighting such as chiaroscuro , unusual camera angles , sound techniques borrowed from radio , deep focus shots , and long takes . He has been praised as `` the ultimate auteur '' .   Welles followed up Citizen Kane with 12 other feature films , the most acclaimed of which include The Magnificent Ambersons ( 1942 ) , Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) , and Chimes at Midnight ( 1966 ) . Other works of his , such as The Lady from Shanghai ( 1947 ) and F for Fake ( 1973 ) , are also well-regarded .   In 2002 , Welles was voted the greatest film director of all time in two British Film Institute polls among directors and critics . Known for his baritone voice , Welles was an actor in radio and film , a Shakespearean stage actor , and a magician noted for presenting troop variety shows in the war years .

neg: Blithe Spirit (film) Blithe Spirit is a 1945 English fantasy-comedy film directed by David Lean . The screenplay by Lean , cinematographer Ronald Neame and associate producer Anthony Havelock-Allan is based on producer Noël Coward 's 1941 play of the same name , the title of which is derived from the line `` Hail to thee , blithe Spirit ! Bird thou never wert '' in the poem `` To a Skylark '' by Percy Bysshe Shelley .   The film features Kay Hammond and Margaret Rutherford , in the roles they created in the original production , along with Rex Harrison and Constance Cummings in the lead parts of Charles and Ruth Condomine . While not very successful at the time and a disappointing adaptation according to Coward himself , it has since come to be considered notable for its Technicolor photography and Academy Award-winning visual effects in particular and has been re-released several times , notably as one of the ten early David Lean features restored by the British Film Institute for release in 2008 .

neg: Rhinoceros (Orson Welles production) Rhinoceros was a 1960 production of Eugène Ionesco 's surrealist play of the same name , which had been written the year before . It was the first English-language production of the play , starred future husband-and-wife team Laurence Olivier and Joan Plowright , and was directed by Orson Welles . Olivier also co-produced the play , which was Welles 's last work as a theatre director .

neg: Billy Budd Billy Budd , Sailor is the final novel by American writer Herman Melville , first published posthumously in London in 1924 as edited by Raymond M. Weaver , a professor at Columbia University . Other versions were later published . Melville had begun writing the original work in November 1888 , but left it unfinished at his death in 1891 . Acclaimed by British critics as a masterpiece when published in London , it quickly took its place as a classic literary work in the United States .   The novella was discovered in manuscript form in 1919 by Weaver , who was studying Melville 's papers as his first biographer . Melville 's widow had begun to edit the manuscript , but had not been able to decide her husband 's intentions at several key points or even to see his intended title . Poor transcription and misinterpretation of Melville 's notes marred the first published versions of the text . After several years of study , Harrison Hayford and Merton M. Sealts , Jr. published what is now considered the best transcription and critical reading text in 1962 .   The novella was adapted as a stage play in 1951 and produced on Broadway , where it won the Donaldson Awards and Outer Critics Circle Awards for best play . Benjamin Britten adapted it as an opera by the same name , first performed in December 1951 .   The play was adapted into a film in 1962 , produced , directed , co-written , and starring Peter Ustinov with Terence Stamp receiving an Academy Award nomination in his film debut .

neg: Richard III (1912 film) Richard III is a 55-minute film adaptation of Shakespeare 's play , starring Frederick Warde as the title character . The 1912 film , a French/U . S. international co-production , was produced by Film d'Art and released through the independent states rights film distribution system . The film was co-directed by French film director André Calmettes , who had previously directed the films The Assassination of the Duke of Guise ( 1908 ) , La Tosca ( 1909 -- based on the play by Victorien Sardou ) , and La Dame aux Camélias ( 1910 ) with Sarah Bernhardt . Richard III was adapted from Shakespeare 's original and Colley Cibber 's 1699 adaptation by playwright James Keane , who also served as co-director and actor ( playing Richmond ) . The film was shot around Westchester , New York and City Island Long Island Sound .

neg: My Name Is Nobody My Name Is Nobody ( Il mio nome è Nessuno ) is a 1973 Italian Spaghetti Western comedy film . The film was directed by Tonino Valerii and , in some scenes , by Sergio Leone . It was written by Leone , Fulvio Morsella and Ernesto Gastaldi . Leone was also the uncredited executive producer . The cast includes Terence Hill , Henry Fonda , and Jean Martin .   The film 's title alludes to the reply Odysseus gave when Polyphemus the Cyclops asked his name .

neg: Caesar and Cleopatra (film) Caesar and Cleopatra is a 1945 British Technicolor film directed by Gabriel Pascal and starring Claude Rains and Vivien Leigh . It was adapted from the play Caesar and Cleopatra ( 1901 ) by George Bernard Shaw . The film was produced by Independent Producers and Pascal Film Productions , and was distributed by Eagle-Lion Distributors .  St6aff ( 30 October 1946 )   Caesar and Cleopatra was a box office failure , but it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction for John Bryan .

neg: Macbeth (1971 film) Macbeth ( or The Tragedy of Macbeth ) is a 1971 British-American historical drama film directed by Roman Polanski and co-written by Polanski and Kenneth Tynan . A film adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name , it retells the story of the Highland lord who becomes King of Scotland through treachery and murder . The film stars Jon Finch as the title character and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth , noted for their relative youth as actors . Themes of historic recurrence , greater pessimism and internal ugliness in physically beautiful characters are added to Shakespeare 's story of moral decline , which is presented in a more realistic style .   The production , funded by Playboy Enterprises , was troubled by poor weather around the British Isles , and the film was a box office bomb . Polanski 's Macbeth was screened out of competition at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival . It was somewhat controversial for its depictions of graphic violence and nudity , but has also received positive attention , and was named Best Film by the National Board of Review .

neg: Othello (1951 film) Othello ( also known as The Tragedy of Othello : The Moor of Venice ) is a 1951 drama film directed and produced by Orson Welles , who also adapted the Shakespearean play and played the title role . Recipient of the Palme d'Or at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival , the film was distributed by United Artists when it was released in the United States in 1955 . Othello was filmed on location over a three-year period in Morocco , Venice , Tuscany and Rome and at the Scalera Studios in Rome .   In addition to Orson Welles , the cast consisted of Micheál MacLiammóir as Iago , Robert Coote as Roderigo , Suzanne Cloutier as Desdemona , Michael Laurence as Cassio , Fay Compton as Emilia and Doris Dowling as Bianca . Three versions of the film have seen theatrical release -- two supervised by Welles , and a 1992 restoration supervised by his daughter , Beatrice Welles .

neg: Orson Welles Cinema The Orson Welles Cinema was a movie theater at 1001 Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge , Massachusetts that operated from 1969 to 1986 . Showcasing independents , foreign films and revivals , it became a focal point of the Boston-Cambridge film community .

neg: Algiers (film) Algiers is a 1938 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Charles Boyer , Sigrid Gurie , and Hedy Lamarr . Written by John Howard Lawson , the film is about a notorious French jewel thief hiding in the labyrinthine native quarter of Algiers known as the Casbah . Feeling imprisoned by his self-imposed exile , he is drawn out of hiding by a beautiful French tourist who reminds him of happier times in Paris . The Walter Wanger production was a remake of the successful 1937 French film Pépé le Moko , which derived its plot from the Henri La Barthe novel of the same name .   Algiers was a sensation because it was the first Hollywood film starring Hedy Lamarr , whose beauty became the main attraction for film audiences . The film is notable as one of the sources of inspiration to the screenwriters of the 1942 Warner Bros. film Casablanca who wrote it with Hedy Lamarr in mind as the original female lead . Charles Boyer 's depiction of the main character , Pepe Le Moko , inspired the Warner Bros. animated character , Pepé Le Pew . In 1966 , the film entered the public domain ( in the USA ) due to the claimants ' failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .

neg: The Battle Over Citizen Kane The Battle Over Citizen Kane is a 1996 documentary film about the clash between newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst and actor/writer/director Orson Welles over Welles 's 1941 motion picture Citizen Kane , which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time .   The Battle Over Citizen Kane aired January 29 , 1996 , as an episode of the Public Broadcast System 's The American Experience series . The documentary was narrated by Richard Ben Cramer , who co-wrote the program with Thomas Lennon .

neg: The Young Mr Pitt The Young Mr. Pitt is a 1942 British biographical film of the life of William Pitt the Younger and in particular his struggle against revolutionary France and Napoleon . It was directed by Carol Reed and stars Robert Donat , Robert Morley and John Mills . Made in black-and-white , it was produced by Edward Black and Maurice Ostrer for the British subsidiary of 20th Century Fox .   It was filmed as the Second World War was raging . Similar parallels with the struggle against Hitler 's Germany were implied in That Hamilton Woman ( aka Lady Hamilton , 1941 ) , made by Alexander Korda in the United States with Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh in the leads .

neg: Shakespeare Prize The Shakespeare Prize was an annual prize for writing or performance awarded to a British citizen by the Hamburg Alfred Toepfer Foundation . First given by Alfred Toepfer in 1937 as an expression of his Anglophilia in the face of tense international conditions , the prize was awarded only twice before the outbreak of World War II , to composer Ralph Vaughan Williams and poet John Masefield . The award resumed in 1967 following the visit of Queen Elizabeth to Germany and the last prize was awarded in 2006 .

neg: Without Love (film) Without Love is a 1942 play by Philip Barry , later made into a 1945 romantic comedy film starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn . The film was directed by Harold S. Bucquet from a screenplay by Donald Ogden Stewart based on the Barry play . Lucille Ball also stars in the film .

neg: The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 .   Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent .   Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's .   The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .

neg: Antony and Cleopatra (1913 film) Antony and Cleopatra ( Italian : Marcantonio e Cleopatra ) is a 1913 Italian silent historical film directed by Enrico Guazzoni and starring Gianna Terribili-Gonzales , Amleto Novelli and Ignazio Lupi . The film is an adaptation of William Shakespeare 's play of the same title , with inspiration also drawn from a poem by Pietro Cossa .

neg: A Midsummer Night's Dream (1959 film) A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( Sen noci svatojánské ) is a 1959 Czechoslovak animated puppet film directed by Jiří Trnka . It is based on the Shakespeare play of the same name . It was entered into the 1959 Cannes Film Festival . An English-language dubbed version was made with narration by Richard Burton .   The film won several awards including the Prize of the Technical Committee in Cannes and an Honourable Medal at the Venice Film Festival .

neg: Julius J. Epstein Julius J. Epstein ( August 22 , 1909December 30 , 2000 ) was an American screenwriter , who had a long career , best remembered for his screenplay , written with his twin brother , Philip , and Howard E. Koch , of the film Casablanca ( 1942 ) , for which the writers won an Academy Award . It was adapted from an unpublished play , Everybody Comes to Rick 's , written by Murray Bennett and Joan Alison .   His identical twin died in 1952 , a loss that he felt for the rest of his life . He continued writing , receiving two more Oscar nominations . In 1998 , he received a Los Angeles Film Critics Association career achievement award . His credits included Four Daughters ( 1938 ) for which he received his first Oscar nomination , The Bride Came C.O.D. ( 1941 ) , The Man Who Came to Dinner ( 1942 ) , Mr. Skeffington ( 1944 ) , The Tender Trap ( 1955 ) , Light in the Piazza ( 1962 ) , Send Me No Flowers ( 1964 ) , Pete 'n' Tillie ( 1972 ) , and Reuben , Reuben ( 1983 ) .

neg: Don Quixote (unfinished film) Don Quixote is an unfinished film project produced , written and directed by Orson Welles . Principal photography took place between 1957 and 1969 . Test footage was filmed as early as 1955 , second-unit photography was done as late as 1972 , and Welles was working on the film intermittently until his death in 1985 . The film was eventually edited by Jesús Franco and was released in 1992 . It did not include all the footage shot for the film and received mixed reviews .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .


query: Jimmy Carter was born on October 12th, 1999.

pos: Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. ( born October 1 , 1924 ) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 . A member of the Democratic Party , he served as the Governor of Georgia prior to his election as president . Carter has remained active in public life during his post-presidency , and in 2002 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with the Carter Center .   Carter joined the United States Navy after graduating high school , serving on nuclear submarines . He left the Navy in 1953 to return to Georgia , where he worked as a peanut farmer . From 1963 to 1967 , Carter served in the Georgia State Senate . In 1970 , Carter won election as Governor of Georgia , defeating former Governor Carl Sanders in the Democratic primary . He served as governor from 1971 to 1975 . Despite being little-known outside of Georgia at the start of the campaign , Carter won the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination . In the general election , Carter defeated incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford in a relatively close election .   On his second day in office , Carter pardoned all evaders of the Vietnam War drafts . During Carter 's term as President , two new cabinet-level departments , the Department of Energy and the Department of Education , were established . He established a national energy policy that included conservation , price control , and new technology . In foreign affairs , Carter pursued the Camp David Accords , the Panama Canal Treaties , the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ( SALT II ) , and the return of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama . On the economic front he confronted persistent `` stagflation '' , a combination of high inflation , high unemployment and slow growth . The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979 -- 1981 Iran hostage crisis , the 1979 energy crisis , the Three Mile Island nuclear accident , and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . In response to the invasion , Carter ended détente , escalated the Cold War , and led the international boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . In 1980 , Carter faced a primary challenge from Senator Ted Kennedy , but Carter won re-nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention . Carter lost the general election in an electoral landslide to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan . Polls of historians and political scientists usually rank Carter as a below average president .   In 2012 , he surpassed Herbert Hoover as the longest-retired president in U.S. history , and he is also the first president to mark the 40th anniversary of his inauguration . He set up the Carter Center in 1982 as his base for advancing human rights . He has also traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations , observe elections , and advance disease prevention and eradication in developing nations . Additionally , Carter is a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project and he has written several books about various topics . In reference to current political views , he has criticized some of Israel 's actions and policies in regards to the Israeli -- Palestinian conflict and has advocated for a two-state solution . He has vigorously opposed the Supreme Court 's decision in Citizens United v. FEC to strike down limits on campaign spending by corporations and unions , saying that the U.S. is `` no longer a functioning democracy '' and now has a system of `` unlimited political bribery . ''

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980 The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14 , 1980 , in New York City . It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state 's presidential primary .

neg: List of honors and awards received by Jimmy Carter U.S. President Jimmy Carter ( born 1924 ) has received numerous accolates , awards , and honorary degrees . Several places , institutions , and other things have been named for him .

neg: Jimmy Ray (album) Jimmy Ray is the eponymous debut and only album from British pop artist , Jimmy Ray . He wrote or co-wrote every song on the album . It debuted at # 112 on The Billboard 200 , and also reached # 2 on the Heatseekers Chart . It was released on March 10 , 1998 . Its only successful single , `` Are You Jimmy Ray ? '' , made the album a substantial success , while `` Goin ' to Vegas '' and `` I Got Rolled '' disappointed in the U.S. , but had some minor success in his native U.K. .

neg: Dixie Carter (wrestling) Dixie Carter-Salinas ( born October 6 , 1964 ) , known professionally as Dixie Carter , is an American former promoter and businesswoman , who is the former Chairwoman , President and Chief Strategy Officer of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling .

neg: Carter (supercomputer) Carter is a supercomputer installed at Purdue University in the fall of 2011 in a partnership with Intel . The high-performance computing cluster is operated by Information Technology at Purdue ( ITaP ) , the university 's central information technology organization . ITaP also operates clusters named Steele built in 2008 , Coates built in 2009 , Rossmann built in 2010 , and Hansen built in the summer of 2011 . Carter was the fastest campus supercomputer in the U.S. outside a national center when built . It was one of the first clusters to employ Intel 's second generation Xenon E-5 `` Sandy Bridge '' processor and ranked 54th on the November 2011 TOP500 list , making it Purdue 's first Top 100-ranked research computing system .

neg: Carlene Carter Carlene Carter ( born Rebecca Carlene Smith ; September 26 , 1955 ) is an American country singer and songwriter . She is the daughter of June Carter and her first husband , Carl Smith .   Between 1978 and the present , Carter has recorded twelve albums , primarily on major labels . In the same timespan , she has released more than twenty singles , including three No. 3-peaking hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts .

neg: Executive Order 12086 Executive Order 12086 was signed by President Jimmy Carter on October 5 , 1978 , in order to provide for the transfer to the Department of Labor of certain contract compliance functions relating to equal employment opportunity .

neg: Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty The Egypt -- Israel Peace Treaty ( معاهدة السلام المصرية الإسرائيلية , Mu ` āhadat as-Salām al-Misrīyah al - ` Isrā ' īlīyah ; הסכם השלום בין ישראל למצרים , Heskem HaShalom Bein Yisrael LeMitzrayim ) was signed in Washington , D.C. , United States on 26 March 1979 , following the 1978 Camp David Accords . The Egypt -- Israel treaty was signed by Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin , and witnessed by United States president Jimmy Carter .

neg: Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson .   Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics .   Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents .   To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .

neg: Travis Carter Travis Carter ( born November 21 , 1949 ) is a former car owner and crew chief in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series . He served as crew chief for two decades , winning championships with Benny Parsons and Cale Yarborough in 1973 and 1978 , respectively . Carter was the winning crew chief when Parsons won the 1975 Daytona 500 . He owned Travis Carter Motorsports from 1970 to 2003 . He is the uncle of NASCAR crew chief Larry Carter , and the father of NASCAR driver Matt Carter .

neg: Arden Hayes Arden Hayes ( born January 30 , 2008 ) is an American child prodigy . From Southern California , he became known at age 5 for his knowledge of American and geopolitics . Reciting Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address , and being able to identify the countries of the world and name the capitals of each .   His interest in American presidents was sparked by Arden 's learning that he shares a birthday with former United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt .   On May 4 , 2013 , Arden was featured in an article and video in the Los Angeles Times . This spurred many additional newspaper articles and blogs and Arden appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! on July 2 , 2013 , to demonstrate his knowledge regarding U.S. presidents . On November 5 , 2013 , Arden again appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and displayed his knowledge of the nations of the world and their capitals and rejected a free Sony Xperia Tablet Z because he preferred the Apple iPad and would rather wait until Christmas to receive it . He appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! for the third time on April 2 , 2014 , and showed his interest and knowledge about chemical elements in the periodic table . He appeared on the show again on November 23 , 2015 , when he won a shut-out victory against the cast of Star Wars : The Force Awakens in a Star Wars trivia contest .

neg: United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President .   New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate .   Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % .   New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election .   New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % .   This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County .   A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State .   In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead .   This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .

neg: Jimmy Kimmel James Christian Kimmel ( born November 13 , 1967 ) is an American television host , comedian , writer , and producer . He is the host and executive producer of Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , a late-night talk show that premiered on ABC in 2003 . Kimmel hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2012 and 2016 , as well as the Academy Awards in February 2017 .   Before hosting Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , he was best known as the co-host of Comedy Central 's The Man Show and Win Ben Stein 's Money . Kimmel has also produced such shows as Crank Yankers , Sports Show with Norm Macdonald , and The Andy Milonakis Show .

neg: Israeli general election, 1999 Early general elections for both the Prime Minister and the Knesset were held in Israel on 17 May 1999 following a vote of no confidence in the government ; the incumbent Likud Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu , ran for re-election .   This election was only the second time in Israeli history an election had been held for the Prime Minister 's post in addition to elections for the Knesset . The first such election , in 1996 had been an extremely tight contest between Likud 's Benjamin Netanyahu on the right , and Labor 's Shimon Peres on the left ; the right had won by less than one percent ( about 29,000 votes ) .   Ehud Barak , promising to storm the citadels of peace regarding negotiations with the Palestinians and withdraw from Lebanon by July 2000 , won the election in a landslide victory .

neg: Nick Carter (musician) Nickolas Gene `` Nick '' Carter ( born January 28 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , dancer , record producer , author and video director . He is best known as a member of the pop group the Backstreet Boys . As of 2015 , Carter has released three solo albums , Now or Never , I 'm Taking Off and All American during breaks between Backstreet Boys schedules , and a collaboration with Jordan Knight titled Nick & Knight . He has made occasional television appearances and starred in his own reality shows , House of Carters and I ( Heart ) Nick Carter . He gained fame in the mid 1990s and early 2000s as a teen idol . He is also the older and only brother of singer Aaron Carter .