query: The Thénardiers are secondary antagonists.

pos: Thénardiers The Thénardiers , commonly known as Monsieur Thénardier ( -LSB- təˈnɑrdi.eɪ -RSB- -LSB- tenaʁdje -RSB- ) and Madame Thénardier , are fictional characters , the secondary antagonists in Victor Hugo 's 1862 novel Les Misérables and in many adaptations of the novel into other media .   They are ordinary working-class people who blame society for their sufferings . Early in the novel , they own an inn and cheat their customers . After they lose the inn in bankruptcy , they change their name to `` Jondrette '' and live by begging and petty thievery . They serve , alongside Javert , as one of the two arch-nemeses of the story 's protagonist , Jean Valjean . While Javert represents the justice system that would punish Valjean , the Thenardiers represent the lawless subculture of society that would blackmail him . The novel portrays them as brutal and abusive figures ; some adaptations transform them into clownish characters , though sometimes still criminals , to provide comic relief from the generally more serious tone of the story .

neg: Marchand-mercier A marchand-mercier is a French term for a type of entrepreneur working outside the guild system of craftsmen but carefully constrained by the regulations of a corporation under rules codified in 1613 . The reduplicative term literally means a merchant of merchandise , but in the 18th century took the connotation of a merchant of objets d'art . Earliest references to this Corps de la Ville de Paris can be found at the close of the 16th century , but in the 18th century marchands-merciers were shopkeepers but they also played an important role in the decoration of Paris homes . In fact , they served as general contractors , designing and commissioning pieces of the most fashionable furniture , and often , in addition , worked outside of their shops as interior decorators , responsible for many aspects of a room 's decor . In Paris , the guild system , in place since the late Middle Ages , prohibited craftsmen from working with any material with which they had not undergone a formal apprenticeship . Only a marchand-mercier who worked outside of the guild system , therefore , could mount Chinese porcelains with gilt-bronze handles and stands , fit the cabinetmaker 's furniture with Japanese lacquer or Sèvres porcelain plaques , and supply furniture with opulent gilt-bronze ( or ormolu ) mounts .   The general lines permitted to their métier were set out under Charles IX , in 1570 , as :  `` Wholesale merchants , drapers and jewelers , in such way that under this status of wholesaler ( estat de grossier ) have been included at all times the merchants of cloth of gold , of silver , of silk ... tapestries , jewellery , spiced goods , textiles , hammered copper , silk thread , hardware and the like , of which it is not permitted to have any manufacture whatsoever , but only to sell , buy , display , bedeck and beautify all kinds of merchandise ''   Thus the marchands-merciers were characterised in the Encyclopédie as `` sellers of everything , makers of nothing '' '' . Jacques Savary des Bruslons elaborated this lapidary remark and revealed the disdain of his generation towards handcrafts :  `` This Corporation is considered the noblest and most excellent of all the Corporations of Merchants , all the more because those who compose it do not labour at all and make no handiwork , if it were not to beautify those things that are already made and manufactured ''   Though they were confined by law to no narrow specialisation , the Parisian marchands-merciers followed narrow fields -- Savary distinguished twenty -- following the usages of their training and their connections , in highly competitive fields dominated by fashion . Among them a small group of marchands-merciers specialised in works of art , catering to an elite circle of connoisseurs and collectors towards the middle of the 18th century , when a vogue for exoticism expressed itself in chinoiserie . Savary 's Dictionnaire detailed the wares of :  `` those who sell pictures , prints , candelabras , wall-lights , girandoles of gilded brass and -LSB- patinated -RSB- bronze , crystal chandeliers , figures of bronze , marble , wood and other material ; cabinets , coffers , armoires , table , little tables , and candlestands put together of wood and gilded , marble tables and other merchandise and curiosities proper for the ornament of lodgings . ''   These entrepreneurs helped guide and even create fashions , such as that for Chinese porcelains , mounted in purely French gilt bronze , transforming a vase into a ewer with rococo lip and handle , or reversing one bowl over another , with an open-work gilt-bronze rim , to function as a perfume-burner . Only a marchand-mercier could marshal the resources required to create such objects . Marchands-merciers bought Japanese lacquer screens and boxes , had them dismantled and their wooden backing shaved down , then commissioned ébénistes like Bernard II Vanrisamberg or Joseph Baumhauer to produce furniture veneered with exotic lacquer panels shaped to fit the complex curves of Louis XV surfaces , and perhaps completed with French imitations , or entirely japanned in Vernis Martin , which might imitate Chinese blue and white porcelain decors , such as the blue-on-white ensemble of furniture Hébert delivered in 1743 for Mme de Mailly   The influence of the marchands-merciers on French porcelain is also considerable . Lazare Duvaux alone bought three-fifths of the total output of Sèvres in 1757 , representing a total of 165,876 livres . Certain forms in the Sèvres archives carry the names of well-known marchands-merciers in their designations .   Membership in the corps was carefully controlled . A new member , born in France , had to undergo an apprenticeship of three years , followed by another three as a compagnon , during which time he was bound to remain unmarried . His master could take on but one apprentice at a time , and the apprenticeships were duly enregistred at the corporation 's offices in rue du Petit-Lion ( rue Quincampoix ) . A sum changed hands , estimated by Guillaume Glorieux as averaging about 1720 500 or 600 livres , and a larger sum was owed to the corporation when the individual was received master ( maîtris ) , some 1700 livres . There were two exceptions to this rule , made for purveyors to the Court -- marchands privilégié suivant le cour -- by decree of the king , and for those who married the daughter of one of the accredited merchants .   The Parisian marchands-merciers congregated in rue Saint-Honoré , marking their establishments with catchy and amusing signs ; there could be found the premises of Hébert , Simon-Philippe Poirier -- and later at the same premises at the sign of the Golden Crown his partner Dominique Daguerre and Martin-Eloi Lignereux -- Mme Dulac , Julliot , Lebrun at the King of the Indies and Tuard au château de Bellevue . Nearby , in rue de la Monnaie , the street where the manufacture royale of Sèvres eventually chose to open its porcelain shop , were Darnault , father and son , at the sign of the King of Spain , and Lazare Duvaux . Edme-François Gersaint , for whom Watteau painted L'Enseigne de Gersaint as a shop sign had premises , following an old tradition , in a house on the Pont Notre-Dame . There , he advertised in 1740 , he  `` Sells all sorts of new and tasteful hardware ( Cainquaillerie ) , trinkets , mirrors , cabinet pictures , pagods , lacquer and porcelain from Japan , shellwork and other specimens of natural history , stones , agates , and generally all curious and exotic merchandise '' .   A newcomer , Granchet , opened premises Au petit Dunkerque , in the Left Bank , Quai Conti at the far end of the Pont Neuf .   Among these entrepreneurial dealers and interior decorators at the apex of their profession , towards the middle of the century Hébert achieved the greatest celebrity , appearing in the popular novel Thémidore ( 1745 ) and marrying his daughter to the son of the Dauphine 's first femme de chambre in 1751 , in a contract signed at Versailles .

neg: Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French .   The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .

neg: Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) .   Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day .   In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans .   The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward .   The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico .   Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice .   The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells .   Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''

neg: Liberators (comics) The Liberators are a group of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . These characters appear in comics set in the Ultimate Marvel universe . Created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch , they appear in the miniseries The Ultimates 2 . They are effectively the Ultimate universe 's equivalents of the Masters of Evil .   The Liberators are a superhuman task force who appear at the climax of the plot arc . They spearhead an invasion of the United States and are from a coalition of nations opposed to the United States ' foreign policy . This international collective is made up of China , Syria , North Korea , Iran , and rogue elements of the French and Russian governments . The Liberators and their overseers are an opposing counterpart to the Ultimates and S.H.I.E.L.D. , respectively .   `` We told you to stop making super people , America . We told you not to interfere with cultures you can never understand . This is what happens when your ambitions outstrip your capabilities . The empire takes a fall . Congratulations , ladies and gentlemen ... The Great Satan has just been liberated . ''  - The Colonel

neg: Starriors Starriors was a robot toyline created by Tomy in association with Marvel Comics in 1984 . They were based on Zoids , but had a new storyline that U.S. Zoids had not had at all . Six Marvel mini-comics were distributed with the toys ( no 1 was titled Deadeye , no 2 was The Forest , no 3 was Honor , no 4 was The Trap , no 5 was The Wall , and no 6 was BOLAR ! ) . Marvel also produced a four-issue limited series written by Louise Simonson , with art by Michael Chen , Ian Akin , and Brian Garvey , and covers painted by Bill Sienkiewicz .   In the future , solar flares threaten all life on Earth . Earth 's scientists build three Classes of intelligent machines , Protectors , to restore the Earth for human use , Destructors , to ward off any potential alien invasions , and Guardians to protect humanity after they go into a hibernative state underground . The brains of the Starriors , called control circuits , are crafted in the human image . The leader of the Destructors , Slaughter Steelgrave , becomes craven at the thought of deactivation upon the restoration of the humans , and enslaves the Protectors after what he believes to be a successful attempt to destroy all of the Guardians . Eventually , the human race and the Starriors ' mission is forgotten as a reality and regarded as a myth - none of the Starriors had been activated when the humans disappeared . Then the Protector Trashor , Nipper , discovers a human skull . A band of Protectors , eventually joined by a few dutiful Destructors , sets out to release the humans from their overly prolonged hibernation .   The toys were not commercially successful . After the initial wave , it appears that there were only eight more toys produced , and only two additional minicomics , though most of the new toys came with the old ones . The Simonson series told a complete story in itself , and did not include the eight new characters . The principal figures , the humanoid Wastors , did not transform , nor did most of the other robots in the line , though many could be disassembled and reassembled , and had motorized parts . Also , there was a tendency toward making new characters out of the same molds as other characters , in different colors , which is more true of the first wave than of the second . Consumer Reports '' ' Penny Power '' , when it reported on robot toys , found them the least satisfying of all the lines covered , though it must be said that the narrative aspects of all the lines were ignored , and the magazine would extol the economic value of Gobots ( `` sturdy and cheap '' ) over Transformers in later issues .

neg: Les Liaisons dangereuses Les Liaisons dangereuses ( -LSB- le ljɛ.zɔ̃ dɑ̃.ʒə.ʁøz -RSB- ; Dangerous Liaisons ) is a French epistolary novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos , first published in four volumes by Durand Neveu from March 23 , 1782 .   It is the story of the Marquise de Merteuil and the Vicomte de Valmont , two rivals ( and ex-lovers ) who use seduction as a weapon to humiliate and degrade others , all the while enjoying their cruel games and boasting about their manipulative talents . It has been claimed to depict the decadence of the French aristocracy shortly before the French Revolution , thereby exposing the perversions of the so-called Ancien Régime . However , it has also been described as an amoral story .   As an epistolary novel , the book is composed entirely of letters written by the various characters to each other . In particular , the letters between Valmont and the Marquise drive the plot , with those of their victims and other characters serving as contrasting figures to give the story its depth .   It is often claimed to be the source of the saying `` Revenge is a dish best served cold '' , a paraphrased translation of `` La vengeance est un plat qui se mange froid '' ( more literally , `` Revenge is a dish that is eaten cold '' ) . However , the expression does not actually occur in the original novel in any form .

neg: Schrecklichkeit Schrecklichkeit ( German `` terror '' or `` frightfulness '' ) is a word used by English speakers to describe an assumed military policy of the German Army towards civilians in World War I.  It was the basis of German actions during their march through Belgium in 1914 . Similar policies were followed later in France , the Russian-held area of Poland , and in Russia .   Under the traditional `` laws of war '' in Europe , military activity was to be confined to the regular , uniformed armies of each side . Civilians were to take no part in fighting , neither attacking or being attacked . Thus , when the uniformed army troops in a nation or region were all defeated , resistance was supposed to end . In practice , informal resistance by `` partisans '' , `` guerrillas '' , or `` francs-tireurs '' often continued after the `` regular '' troops had given up or withdrawn . These fighters , never officially enrolled in an army , and not wearing uniforms to identify them as combatants , attacked occupying troops by ambushes , surprises , and sniping . Conducting such operations out of uniform was considered perfidy , and those involved could be executed .   Occupying armies sometimes responded to such attacks by reprisals against the local population : execution of local inhabitants , whether known to be guerrillas or not , or destruction ( usually by burning ) of homes and other structures .   German army doctrine in force at the time called for such reprisals to be performed immediately and severely in any case of civilian resistance . It was argued that such schrecklichkeit would end resistance quickly with relatively little bloodshed , whereas restraint would encourage resistance , leading to greater destruction and death .   When Germany invaded Belgium in 1914 , the German high command expected to sweep through the country with negligible opposition . The German army was many times larger and stronger than the Belgian army , and the Germans therefore thought that any resistance by Belgium would be futile . German leaders had even suggested to the Belgian government that in the event of war , the Belgians should just line up along the roads and watch the Germans march through . Belgium 's refusal to accept these German presumptions and its resistance to the German advance came as a surprise , and disrupted the German timetable for advancing into France .   This frustration was communicated to the German troops in Belgium . Anything which delayed the German advance was to be crushed mercilessly . The Belgians were viewed as irrational and even treacherous for their opposition .   This led to exaggerated suspicions among German commanders of Belgian civilian resistance . It is possible that some Belgian civilians engaged in resistance , though none is documented . It is certain that on several occasions , German commanders declared ( probably in unconscious error ) that such acts had occurred when they had not .   The Germans responded to these perceived acts of resistance with harsh measures . In several villages and towns , hundreds of civilians were executed . Many buildings were put to the torch . Priests thought guilty of encouraging the resistance were killed . Violence by German soldiers against Belgians , such as rape , was ignored or not seriously punished . The Belgian city of Leuven was largely destroyed . One German officer later wrote about the town , `` We shall wipe it out ... Not one stone will stand upon another . We will teach them to respect Germany . For generations people will come here and see what we have done '' .   These actions , taken in a period of near-panic as the German forces desperately tried to carry out their flanking march before Allied forces could respond , proved to be a propaganda disaster for Germany . The reports of them caused a wave of indignation which aided the Allied cause .

neg: Agent provocateur An agent provocateur ( French for `` inciting agent '' ) is a person who commits , or who acts to entice another person to commit an illegal or rash act or falsely implicate them in partaking in an illegal act . An agent provocateur may be acting out of their own sense of duty or may be employed by the police or other entity to discredit or harm another group ( such as a peaceful protest or demonstration ) by provoking them to commit a crime , thereby undermining the protest or demonstration as a whole .   In accordance with French grammar , the plural form of the term is , agents provocateurs ; a female agent is an agente provocatrice .   To prevent infiltration by agents provocateurs , the organizers of large or controversial assemblies may deploy and coordinate demonstration marshals , also called stewards .

neg: Antagonist Movement The Antagonist Art Movement is a cultural movement formed in New York , New York in 2000 . The group grew out of desperation and in reaction to the New York art market . The movement primarily involves visual arts , literature , film , art manifestos and graphic design . It articulates its anti-commercial politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in the art market and focuses its efforts on creating non-commercial cultural works and venues . Its purpose is to ridicule the meaninglessness , superficiality and artificiality of the commercial art world . The Antagonists foster emerging talent by providing opportunities for the exhibition of works , networking with other artists , mentoring and resources . The Antagonist Movement has worked with more than 3,500 artists from around the world over the past 14 years .

neg: Antidote Films For the Australian film distribution company , see Antidote Films ( Australia ) .   Antidote Films , also known as Antidote International Films , Inc. , is an independent film production company founded by producer Jeff Levy-Hinte based in the Hudson Square neighborhood of New York City . In 2008 , Antidote completed several documentaries , including Soul Power and The Dungeon Masters , both of which premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival .   Antidote produced Roman Polanski : Wanted and Desired , a documentary directed by Marina Zenovich , which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winner of the Documentary Editing Award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , the film will be released domestically by HBO and internationally through The Weinstein Company .   Prior to this , Antidote produced several narrative films until The Last Winter , when the company shifted its focus to documentary .   Other Antidiote productions include the eco-horror thriller The Last Winter ; The Hawk Is Dying , adapted from Harry Crews ' novel and directed by Julian Goldberger ; Mysterious Skin , directed by Greg Araki ; and Thirteen , directed by Catherine Hardwicke .   In 2003 Daily Variety announced Antidote 's plans for a film adaptation of the JT LeRoy novel ` Sarah ' , to be directed by Steven Shainberg . According to The New York Times , when Shainberg learned that JT LeRoy was a literary persona and that Laura Albert was the actual author of Sarah , he decided `` to make a ` meta-film , ' a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling ` Sarah Plus . ' '' The Times also reported that this new project `` required the rights to Laura Albert 's story , rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant . '' In June 2007 Antidote sued Albert for fraud , claiming that a contract signed with JT LeRoy to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void . After a Manhattan jury found Albert liable in monetary damages for the tort of fraud because she had signed her nom de plume to the movie contract , The New York Times noted that Jeffrey Levy-Hinte said , `` if Ms. Albert , who never made a fortune from her literary works , could not afford to pay the judgment , he might have to consider laying claim to the rights to her past and future books . '' Levy-Hinte 's chief lawyer insisted , `` Neither Jeff nor I want to ruin Laura Albert . We just want her to behave with a little more integrity . '' After an appeal , the damages awarded were reduced by settlement with Antidote in 2009 , and Laura Albert retained the rights to her books and her life story .

neg: A Huguenot A Huguenot , on St. Bartholomew 's Day , Refusing to Shield Himself from Danger by Wearing the Roman Catholic Badge ( 1852 ) is a painting by John Everett Millais . The long title is usually abbreviated to A Huguenot or A Huguenot on St Bartholomew 's Day .   It depicts a pair of young lovers in an embrace . The familiar subject is given a dramatic twist because the `` embrace '' is in fact an attempt by the girl to get her beloved to wear a white armband , declaring his allegiance to Roman Catholicism . The young man gently pulls the armband off with the same hand with which he embraces the girl . The incident refers to the St. Bartholomew 's Day massacre in 1572 when French Protestants ( Huguenots ) were massacred in Paris , leading to other massacres elsewhere in France . A small number of Protestants escaped from the city by wearing white armbands .   Millais had initially planned simply to depict lovers , but had been persuaded by his Pre-Raphaelite colleague William Holman Hunt that the subject was too trite . After seeing Giacomo Meyerbeer 's opera Les Huguenots , which tells the story of the massacre , Millais adapted the painting to refer to the event . In the opera the character Valentine also attempts unsuccessfully to get her lover Raoul to wear the armband . The choice of a pro-Protestant subject was also significant because the Pre-Raphaelites had previously been attacked for their alleged sympathies to the Oxford Movement and to Catholicism .   Some of the flowers depicted in the scene may have been chosen because of the contemporary interest in the so-called language of flowers . The blue Canterbury Bells at the left , for example , can stand for faith and constancy .   The painting was exhibited with Ophelia in 1852 , and helped to change attitudes towards the Pre-Raphaelites . Tom Taylor wrote an extremely positive review in Punch . The painting was reproduced as an engraving , which became Millais 's first major popular success . As a result Millais went on to produce a number of other paintings on similar subjects .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor .   The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia .   The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires .   In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .

neg: A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well .   Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature .   The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes .   A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .

neg: Echoes of the Marseillaise Echoes of the Marseillaise : Two Centuries Look Back on the French Revolution is a book by Eric Hobsbawm , first published in 1990 by Verso Books . It was written just after the bicentenary of the French Revolution which was accompanied by a large outpouring of work and theories on it ( a fact that was accentuated by the spread of anti-Communist revolutions across Eastern Europe in 1989 , which polarised commentators between those who saw it as a culmination or embodiment of French Revolutionary ideas and those who saw it as their emphatic repudiation ) .   Hobsbawm analyses the Revolution , primarily from the perspective of how it has been subsequently interpreted over the course of the two centuries since it occurred , and examines the way that it has been re-written based on contemporary ideologies . In particular , Hobsbawm writes polemically in opposition to what he sees as the dominant trajectory in writing about the Revolution during his era : that of a revisionism which downplayed the successes of the Revolution and stressed instead its violence , rapacity and destructiveness . He argues , for instance , that the bicentenary was `` largely dominated by those who , to put it simply , do not like the French Revolution and its heritage '' .   Hobsbawm 's view is that for many in the nineteenth century , the Revolution was seen as a bourgeois precursor of potential future proletarian revolutions . He argues further that many Marxists , chiefly from 1917 to the 1960s used it as an example of a much longer-term reading of political change but that in the 1970s and 1980s ( after the first major work of revisionism by Alfred Cobban written in the Cold War milieu of the 1950s ) many historians began to argue that the Revolution achieved only limited results which were outweighed by extravagant costs . In his eyes , this shift of interpretation was a false one , and his work concludes that the Revolution was a crucial event not only for what it achieved in itself , but in terms of its longer-term patrimony to history . He concludes that `` Liberty , equality and fraternity , and the values of Reason and the Enlightenment - the values on which modern civilisation has been built , since the American Revolution - are more needed than ever '' and , finally , that the Revolution improved the world , and did so on a permanent basis .

neg: False friend False friends are words in two languages ( or letters in two alphabets ) that look or sound similar , but differ significantly in meaning . An example is the English embarrassed and the Spanish embarazada ( which means pregnant ) , or the word sensible , which means reasonable in English , but sensitive in French and Spanish . Another example is the root L-H-M in Semitic languages ; while `` Lekhem '' in Hebrew and `` Laham '' in Syriac mean `` bread '' , `` Lahem '' in Arabic is `` meat '' .   The term is a shortened version of the expression `` false friend of a translator '' , the French version of which ( faux amis du traducteur ) was introduced by linguists Maxime Kœssler and Jules Derocquigny in 1928 , in the book Les Faux Amis ou les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais ( False Friends , or the Pitfalls of the English Vocabulary , with a sequel , Autres Mots anglais perfides ) .   There is often a partial overlap in meanings , which creates additional complications .   Similar words may also fail to catch all the nuance of each word in both languages . For instance , the French demande simply means a ` request ' , which is similar to but also very different from a demand in English and demandar in Spanish ( `` to sue '' ) .   The two `` false friends '' may actually be related , having the same origin . One example is in the instance of English `` cunt '' and Dutch `` kont '' ( buttocks ) , of which apart from the difference in meaning the former is highly vulgar while the latter is not . This is unlike `` false cognates '' , which are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin ( whatever their current meaning ) but actually do not .   As well as producing completely false friends , the use of loanwords often results in the use of a word in a restricted context , which may then develop new meanings not found in the original language . For example , angst means `` fear '' in a general sense ( as well as `` anxiety '' ) in German , but when it was borrowed into English in the context of psychology , its meaning was restricted to a particular type of fear described as `` a neurotic feeling of anxiety and depression '' . Also , gymnasium meant both ' a place of education ' and ' a place for exercise ' in Latin , but its meaning was restricted to the former in German and to the latter in English , making the expressions into false friends in those languages as well as in Greek , where it started out as ' a place for naked exercise ' .

neg: Dandy A dandy historically , is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance , refined language , and leisurely hobbies , pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self . A dandy could be a self-made man who strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background , especially in late 18th - and early 19th-century Britain .   Previous manifestations of the petit-maître ( French for small master ) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost , but the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s , both in London and in Paris . The dandy cultivated cynical reserve , yet to such extremes that novelist George Meredith , himself no dandy , once defined cynicism as `` intellectual dandyism . '' Some took a more benign view ; Thomas Carlyle wrote in Sartor Resartus that a dandy was no more than `` a clothes-wearing man '' . Honoré de Balzac introduced the perfectly worldly and unmoved Henri de Marsay in La fille aux yeux d'or ( 1835 ) , a part of La Comédie Humaine , who fulfils at first the model of a perfect dandy , until an obsessive love-pursuit unravels him in passionate and murderous jealousy .   Charles Baudelaire defined the dandy , in the later `` metaphysical '' phase of dandyism , as one who elevates æsthetics to a living religion , that the dandy 's mere existence reproaches the responsible citizen of the middle class : `` Dandyism in certain respects comes close to spirituality and to stoicism '' and `` These beings have no other status , but that of cultivating the idea of beauty in their own persons , of satisfying their passions , of feeling and thinking ... . Dandyism is a form of Romanticism . Contrary to what many thoughtless people seem to believe , dandyism is not even an excessive delight in clothes and material elegance . For the perfect dandy , these things are no more than the symbol of the aristocratic superiority of mind . ''   The linkage of clothing with political protest had become a particularly English characteristic during the 18th century . Given these connotations , dandyism can be seen as a political protest against the levelling of egalitarian principles , often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values , such as the ideals of `` the perfect gentleman '' or `` the autonomous aristocrat '' . Paradoxically , the dandy required an audience , as Susann Schmid observed in examining the `` successfully marketed lives '' of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron , who exemplify the dandy 's roles in the public sphere , both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal . Nigel Rodgers in The Dandy : Peacock or Enigma ? questions Wilde 's status as a genuine dandy , seeing him as someone who only assumed a dandified stance in passing , not a man dedicated to the exacting ideals of dandyism .

neg: Right-wing politics Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable , natural , normal , or desirable , typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law , economics or tradition . Hierarchy and inequality may be viewed as natural results of traditional social differences or the competition in market economies . The term right-wing can generally refer to `` the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system . ''   The political terms Right and Left were first used during the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 99 ) , and referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament ; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime . The original Right in France was formed as a reaction against the Left , and comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy , tradition , and clericalism . The use of the expression la droite ( the right ) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815 , when it was applied to the Ultra-royalists . The people of English-speaking countries did not apply the terms `` right '' and `` left '' to their own politics until the 20th century .   Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives , monarchists and reactionaries , the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including fascists , Nazis , and racial supremacists . From the 1830s to the 1880s , there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy , moving away from nobility and aristocracy towards capitalism . This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre right movements such as the British Conservative Party , which responded by becoming supportive of capitalism . In the United States , the Right includes both economic and social conservatives . In Europe , economic conservatives are usually considered liberal , and the Right includes nationalists , nativist opposition to immigration , religious conservatives , and historically a significant presence of right-wing movements with anti-capitalist sentiments including conservatives and fascists who opposed what they saw as the selfishness and excessive materialism inherent in contemporary capitalism .

neg: Drug lord A drug lord , drug baron , kingpin , or narcotrafficker is a person who controls a sizable network of persons involved in the illegal drug trade . Such figures are often difficult to bring to justice , as they are normally not directly in possession of something illegal , but are insulated from the actual trade in drugs by several layers of underlings . The prosecution of drug lords is therefore usually the result of carefully planned infiltrations of their networks , often using informants from within the organization .

neg: Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld) `` Theatre of Cruelty '' is a short Discworld story by Terry Pratchett written in 1993 . The name derives from a concept of Antonin Artaud ( Theatre of Cruelty ) .   It was originally written for W. H. Smith Bookcase magazine and was then slightly modified and extended , being published again in the programme of the OryCon 15 convention , and then again in The Wizards of Odd , a compilation of fantasy short stories .   It has since been made available on the Internet along with dozens of translations by fans , with Pratchett having stated , `` I do n't want to see it distributed in print anywhere but do n't mind people downloading it for their own enjoyment . ''   The story involves both the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and a parallel of Punch and Judy .   A murder has been committed : a street entertainer , found apparently battered to death with a very small blunt object , on him bite marks from a very small crocodile . Investigating the incident in his typically direct manner , Carrot Ironfoundersson discovers the death was an accident , the man having choked on a swazzle . It emerges that the entertainer had invented a parallel , live-action version of Punch and Judy , using -- and abusing -- a troupe of gnomes as the live cast . Carrot asserts that such brutal theatre could never find favour in Ankh-Morpork : `` That 's not the way to do it '' .


query: On September 19, 1984, Lydia Hearst was born.

pos: Lydia Hearst Lydia Marie Hearst-Shaw Hardwick ( born September 19 , 1984 ) , commonly known as Lydia Hearst , is an American fashion model , actress , lifestyle blogger , and heiress to the publishing fortune established by her maternal great-grandfather , William Randolph Hearst .

neg: United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics The United States was the host nation of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , California . It was the nineteenth time that Team USA participated , having boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics . 522 competitors , 339 men and 183 women , took part in 217 events in 25 sports .   These Olympic Games were unique for the United States in that the host state was California , the home state of the country 's president , Ronald Reagan , who himself opened the Games , becoming the first American president to open a Summer Olympics , and also any Olympic games in the United States . Reagan was governor of the state from 1967 to 1975 . It was not until the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City that an American president opened a Winter Olympics in the United States .   Team USA won 83 Gold medals at the 1984 Summer Olympics , which is as of 2016 , the record for most first-place finishes in a Summer Olympics by a host nation .

neg: 19th Annual Grammy Awards The 19th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 19 , 1977 , and were broadcast live on American television ( CBS ) . They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1976 .   Helen Hayes 's win made her the second person to become an EGOT .

neg: Mistaken Identity: Two Families, One Survivor, Unwavering Hope Mistaken Identity : Two Families , One Survivor , Unwavering Hope is a best-selling non-fiction book describing an incident in which the identities of two young female casualties were confused after a vehicle crash . It was published by Howard Books on March 25 , 2008 . The book lists its authors as Don and Susie van Ryn ; Newell , Colleen and Whitney Cerak ; and Mark Tabb ; the former the parents of Laura van Ryn ( the woman believed to have survived the crash but actually deceased ) and the latter the parents of Whitney Cerak , initially declared deceased in the crash but later found to have survived . Mark Tabb is a former pastor whom The New York Times described as `` the go-to guy when a collaborator is needed on books with spiritual themes . ''   Both the identity mix-up and the book 's release received worldwide media attention : was the subject of a two-hour episode of Dateline NBC , a program of The Oprah Winfrey Show , and a segment featured on The Today Show . The book was ranked 1st place for two weeks on the adult non-fiction New York Times Best Seller list in 2008 . The incident prompted the states of Michigan and Indiana to pursue legislation concerning stricter guidelines in the process of identification of bodies by coroners .   On April 26 , 2006 , a Taylor University van carrying nine students and staff members collided with a tractor-trailer being driven by Robert F. Spencer on Interstate 69 in Indiana . Five people riding in the van died at the crash scene : Elizabeth Smith , Laurel Erb , Bradley Larson , and Monica Felver , and a young blonde woman the coroner identified as Whitney Cerak . A similar looking woman who survived but was unable to communicate was identified as Laura van Ryn . For several weeks , the van Ryn family kept a bedside vigil over the patient they believed to be their daughter . However , into five weeks of hospitalization the identity of the surviving woman began to be questioned . She was found to be Whitney Cerak , not Laura van Ryn .   Some physical similarities existed between the two women but the severity of the injuries , which included severe head trauma and the immediate inability to communicate led local government officials to mis-identify the casualties , the hospital to carry through with the unfortunate action and caused both families to respond in a manner appropriate to the situation of each casualty : Cerak was taken care of by the van Ryn family in the belief that she was their daughter . Meanwhile , Laura was interred in a marked grave at a funeral with 1400 people in attendance . Five weeks passed before incidents arose that caused suspicion about identity : she made comments about things and people that were inconsistent with facts pertaining to Laura ; and a university roommate also reported some physical discrepancies . `` Laura '' confirmed that it was ` Whitney Cerak ' that had survived when asked by hospital staff to write down the patient 's name , which was then confirmed by dental records . The tragic mix-up appeared to have been caused by the similarities of appearance of Cerak and van Ryn , and the confusion at the crash scene . Neither family spoke publicly about the incident for nearly two years .   During the Dateline interview , it was noted that the van Ryn family suspected for several days something was amiss with the patient before the concerns were shared with the hospital staff : the van Ryn family noticed the patient 's teeth ; navel piercing ( which van Ryn did not have ) ; the patient called herself Whitney ( not Laura ) when she emerged from the coma ; the patient accused `` her '' parents of being `` false parents '' ; and the patient told `` her '' sister their parent 's names were Newell and Colleen . The van Ryns said that their duplicity in sustaining the misidentification for a month was reinforced by reassurance by the hospital staff of the patient 's identity and the distress of the situation .

neg: George Randolph Hearst Jr. George Randolph Hearst Jr. ( July 13 , 1927 -- June 25 , 2012 ) was chairman of the board of the Hearst Corporation from 1996 through to his death in 2012 , succeeding his uncle Randolph Apperson Hearst . He was a director at the company for over forty years .   Non-family executives are a majority on the trust that controls the corporation , and this trust will not dissolve until all grandchildren alive at the death of William Randolph Hearst have died . George Jr. was one of the oldest grandchildren . However , there are five family seats among the 13 trustees , and George represented his branch of the family .

neg: Lydia Fox (actress) Lydia Fox ( born 1979 ) is an English film , television , and stage actress and producer . She is also known by her married name , Lydia Ayoade .

neg: Claudia Wells Claudia Grace Wells ( born July 5 , 1966 ) is an American actress .

neg: 19-Nineteen 19-Nineteen ( ; lit . `` I 'm 19 years old '' ) is a 2009 South Korean-Japanese film starring T.O.P , Seungri and Huh E-jae . Three nineteen-year-olds , two boys and a girl , are accused of murder and forced to run away . Everyone , including their parents , believes they are guilty , but the experience strengthens their bond as they attempt to find the real killer and prove their innocence .   It was part of the `` Telecinema7 '' project , seven feature-length mini-dramas which were collaborations between South Korean TV directors and Japanese TV screenwriters ; the seven Korea-Japan joint productions both received a limited theater release and were broadcast on television . 19-Nineteen was first released in Korea in CGV theaters on November 12 , 2009 , and later aired on SBS ( South Korea ) and TV Asahi ( Japan ) in 2010 .

neg: Marion Davies Marion Cecilia Davies ( née Douras January 3 , 1897 -- September 22 , 1961 ) was an American film actress , producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist .   Davies was already building a solid reputation as a film comedian when newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst , with whom she had begun a romantic relationship , took over management of her career . Hearst financed Davies ' pictures , promoted her heavily through his newspapers and Hearst Newsreels , and pressured studios to cast her in historical dramas for which she was ill-suited . For this reason , Davies is better remembered today as Hearst 's mistress and the hostess of many lavish events for the Hollywood elite . In particular , her name is linked with the 1924 scandal aboard Hearst 's yacht when one of his guests , film producer Thomas Ince , died .   In the film Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , the title character 's second wife -- an untalented singer whom he tries to promote -- was widely assumed to be based on Davies . But many commentators , including Citizen Kane writer/director Orson Welles himself , have defended Davies ' record as a gifted actress , to whom Hearst 's patronage did more harm than good . She retired from the screen in 1937 , choosing to devote herself to Hearst and charitable work .   In Hearst 's declining years , Davies provided financial as well as emotional support until his death in 1951 . She married for the first time eleven weeks after his death , a marriage which lasted until Davies died of stomach cancer in 1961 at the age of 64 .

neg: Elizabeth Vargas Elizabeth Anne Vargas ( born September 6 , 1962 ) is an American television journalist who is anchor of ABC 's television newsmagazine 20/20 and ABC News specials . She was previously an anchor of World News Tonight .

neg: National Digital Newspaper Program The National Digital Newspaper Program is a joint project between the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress to create and maintain a publicly available , online digital archive of historically significant newspapers published in the United States between 1836 and 1922 . Additionally , the program will make available bibliographic records and holdings information for some 140,000 newspaper titles from the 17th century to the present . Further , it will include scope notes and encyclopedia-style entries discussing the historical significance of specific newspapers . Added content will also include contextually relevant historical information . `` One organization within each U.S. state or territory will receive an award to collaborate with relevant state partners in this effort . '' In March 2007 more than 226,000 pages of newspapers from California , Florida , Kentucky , New York , Utah , Virginia and the District of Columbia published between 1900 and 1910 were put online at a fully searchable site called `` Chronicling America . '' As of December 2007 , the total number of pages is about 413,000 . This further expanded to be 1 million pages in 2009 . Funding through the National Endowment for the Humanities is carried out through their `` We The People '' initiative .

neg: Mic (media company) Mic is an American media company that caters to millennials . The company reaches 19 million unique monthly visitors and has a higher composition of 18 - to 34-year-old readers than any other millennial-focused news site , including BuzzFeed and Vice . Mic received early attention for its on-the-ground coverage during the revolution in Tunisia ; The Hollywood Reporter remarked that Mic features `` stories that intelligently cover serious issues important to young people '' .

neg: Alexis Glick Alexis Glick ( born Alexis Cahill Donnelly ; August 7 , 1972 ) is an American television personality who was an anchor of Money for Breakfast and The Opening Bell on Fox Business Network , as well as the Vice President of Business News . She left the channel in December 2009 . Glick has since founded the GENYOUth Foundation , a nonprofit dedicated to nurturing child health and wellness through improved nutrition and physical activity .

neg: 1984 United States Olympic Trials (track and field) The 1984 United States Olympic Trials for track and field were held at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles , California , the same venue as would host the 1984 Olympics a month and a half later . Organised by The Athletics Congress ( TAC ) , the nine-day competition lasted from June 16 until June 24 . The national championships in track and field for the United States was a separate event that year , held a week earlier in San Jose , California . The Women 's Marathon Olympic Trials were held on May 12 in Olympia , Washington . The Men 's Marathon Trials were in Buffalo , New York on May 26 .   The results of the event determined qualification for the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics .   This meet had two of the closest finishes . In the Women 's 100 meters hurdles , the second , third and fourth-place finishers had the same time to the 100th of a second , with winner Kim Turner just one 100th ahead . Stephanie Hightower was the odd person out , not selected to the Olympic team . 28 years later at the 2012 Trials , Hightower as President of USATF had to administer over another similar tie in the Women 's 100 meters between Allyson Felix and Jeneba Tarmoh that could not be separated by photo finish pictures . The other close finish was in the Men 's 800 meters , where Earl Jones and Johnny Gray both received the same time of 1:43.74 to share the American Record from the same race . And .17 behind them John Marshall and James Robinson also received the same time for the last qualifying place after Robinson kicked past the field and looked to have edged past Marshall , Robinson relaxed at the line while Marshall made one last lean to get the edge and take the final spot on the Olympic team .

neg: Elizabeth Peer Elizabeth Peer Jansson ( February 3 , 1936 -- May 26 , 1984 ) , born Elizabeth Clow Peer , often just Liz Peer , was a pioneering American journalist . She was the first female foreign correspondent at Newsweek and later its first female war correspondent . Peer worked for Newsweek from 1958 until her death in 1984 .

neg: Kim Criswell Kim Criswell ( born July 19 , 1957 ) is an American musical entertainer and actress .

neg: Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord .   During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part .   Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .

neg: Jessica Chastain Jessica Michelle Chastain ( born March 24 , 1977 ) is an American actress and film producer . Born in Carmichael , California , and raised in Sacramento , Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age . In 1998 , she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare 's Juliet . After studying acting at the Juilliard School , she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells . She was a recurring guest star in several television shows , including Law & Order : Trial by Jury . She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov 's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde 's tragedy Salome in 2006 .   Chastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene ( 2008 ) , and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films , including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life . Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her an Academy Award nomination . In 2012 , she won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination for playing a CIA agent in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty . Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year . Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar ( 2014 ) and The Martian ( 2015 ) , as she continued to draw praise for her performances in the dramas The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby ( 2013 ) , A Most Violent Year ( 2014 ) , and Miss Sloane ( 2016 ) .   Chastain 's accolades include two Academy Award and British Academy Film Award nominations . She is known to prepare extensively for her roles . Chastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films , which was created to promote diversity in film . She is vocal about social issues such as gender and racial equality , and mental health . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 .

neg: 1984 Trans-Am Series The 1984 Budweiser Trans-Am Championship was the nineteenth running of the Sports Car Club of America 's premier series .

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1984 The 1984 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1984 U.S. presidential election . Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19 , 1984 , in San Francisco , California .   As of 2017 , this is the earliest Democratic primary in which all primary winners ( of at least one contest ) are still living .

neg: C California Style Magazine C California Style Magazine is a nationally circulated lifestyle magazine based in Santa Monica , California , which showcases California 's way of life through a wide range of lenses , from fashion and fine art to home design and travel . Mixing service information about shops , restaurants and exhibits with feature profiles of California 's most influential figures and lavish homes , each issue of C takes the reader on an insider 's tour of the Golden State .   C California Style is targeted to California 's wealthiest residents . Its readers have a passionate interest in -- and a high level of influence on -- the trends , styles and attitudes that shape the way Californians live and look . California remains the largest and most affluent luxury market in the United States . Since its launch in 2005 , C Magazine has continued to establish itself as the premier advertising vehicle for reaching the nation 's top luxury spenders from Los Angeles to San Francisco , Napa Valley to Orange County , Silicon Valley to San Diego .   C California Style publishes C Magazine 8 times yearly , C Weddings twice yearly , C For Men twice yearly , and C at Home twice yearly .   Jennifer Smith Hale is the Founder and Editorial Director .


query: Love & Mercy's (film) cast includes Elizabeth Banks.

pos: Love & Mercy (film) Love & Mercy ( stylized as love & mercy ) is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed and co-produced by Bill Pohlad , co-produced by Claire Rudnick-Polstein and John Wells and written by Michael Alan Lerner and Oren Moverman . The film , deriving its title from the 1988 song by Wilson , focuses on musician-songwriter Brian Wilson , co-founder of the Beach Boys , during the 1960s and 1980s , presenting the film in a nonlinear narrative . Paul Dano and John Cusack star as the young and middle-aged Wilson , respectively , with Elizabeth Banks as Wilson 's second wife Melinda Ledbetter , and Paul Giamatti as Wilson 's psychotherapist Dr. Eugene Landy .   The film premiered in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2014 and was released by Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions on June 5 , 2015 . It grossed $ 28.6 million over a $ 10 million budget , a moderate commercial success , and received critical acclaim from reviewers , lauded for its unorthodox style , original score by Atticus Ross , Dano 's performance as Wilson in the 1960s , and scenes that closely recreated Wilson 's advanced studio recording methods during the making of Pet Sounds ( 1966 ) . Wilson -- who had little involvement during development -- praised the film for being `` very factual . '' It was nominated for two Golden Globes : Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture ( Paul Dano ) and Best Original Song ( `` One Kind of Love '' ) .

neg: Jean Smart Jean Elizabeth Smart ( born September 13 , 1951 ) is an American film , television , and stage actress . After beginning her career in regional theater in the Pacific Northwest , she appeared on Broadway as Marlene Dietrich in Piaf in 1981 . Smart was later cast in a lead role as Charlene Frazier Stillfield on the CBS sitcom Designing Women , which she played from 1986 to 1991 .   She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the 2000 Broadway revival of The Man Who Came to Dinner , and would go on to win two Emmy Awards for her role as Lana Gardener on the NBC sitcom Frasier ( 2000 -- 01 ) , and a third Emmy in 2008 for her role as Regina Newley on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? ( 2007 -- 09 ) .   Her film credits include The Brady Bunch Movie ( 1995 ) , Guinevere ( 1999 ) , Sweet Home Alabama ( 2002 ) , I Heart Huckabees ( 2004 ) , and The Accountant ( 2016 ) . Between 2006 and 2007 , she portrayed Martha Logan on the series 24 , and later starred as Floyd Gerhardt on Noah Hawley 's critically acclaimed FX series Fargo ( 2015 ) , which earned her a Critics ' Choice Television Award as well as an Emmy Award nomination . Since 2017 , she stars in the FX series Legion , also by Hawley .

neg: Samina Awan Samina Awan ( born 3 January 1985 ) is a British-born actress best known for her role as Naseema in Love + Hate ( 2005 ) and has been nominated for BIFA .

neg: Betty Hutton Betty Hutton ( born Elizabeth June Thornburg ; February 26 , 1921 -- March 12 , 2007 )  was an American stage , film , and television actress , comedian , dancer , and singer .

neg: Saving Grace (1998 film) Saving Grace is a 1998 film produced in New Zealand based on a play by Duncan Sarkies . It was directed by Costa Botes and stars Kirsty Hamilton and Jim Moriarty .

neg: Aunjanue Ellis Aunjanue L. Ellis ( born February 21 , 1969 ) is an American film , stage , and television actress , and producer . She began her acting career in theater , and made her film debut in Girls Town . She later had leading roles in a number of independent movies , and co-starred in several mainstream films .   Ellis is best known for her roles in films Men of Honor ( 2000 ) , The Caveman 's Valentine ( 2001 ) , Undercover Brother ( 2002 ) , Ray ( 2004 ) , The Express ( 2008 ) , The Taking of Pelham 123 ( 2009 ) and The Help ( 2011 ) . On television , Ellis had regular role in the ABC police drama series High Incident ( 1996 -- 97 ) , and later co-starred in a number of short-lived dramas . She had recurring roles on The Practice , True Blood , and The Mentalist , and played roles in a number of made for television movies , such as Gifted Hands : The Ben Carson Story ( 2009 ) and Abducted : The Carlina White Story ( 2013 ) .   In 2015 , Ellis played the leading role in the miniseries The Book of Negroes , based on bestselling novel by Lawrence Hill . She received critical acclaim and a Critic 's Choice Award nomination for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Later that year , she began starring as Miranda Shaw in the ABC thriller series Quantico . In 2016 , Ellis played Nancy Turner , Nat Turner 's mother , in the critically acclaimed period drama film , The Birth of a Nation .

neg: Elizabeth Banks (journalist) Elizabeth Brister Banks ( May 2 , 1872 -- July 18 , 1938 ) was an American journalist and author . Although she never renounced her American citizenship , she remained in England throughout the last forty years of her life .   Elizabeth was born in Trenton , New Jersey , the daughter of John Banks and Sarah Ann Brister . As a young child , she was raised by her aunt Elizabeth Brister and uncle Joseph Peck on `` the experimental farm '' north of Madison near Deansville , Wisconsin . She attended Milwaukee Downer Female Seminary College in Milwaukee when it was still located at Fox Lake , Wisconsin .   She became a typewriter girl in a grocery store , then worked society pages in Baltimore and Saint Paul , Minnesota . She worked as secretary at the American Counsulate in Peru , later becoming a stunt journalist when other women writers were relegated to society and fashion pages .   In London , she became a regular contributor to publications such as The Daily News , Punch , St James ' Gazette , London Illustrated , and Referee . She created a sensation in London by recording her observations on the plight of the lower classes , which she researched posing as a housemaid , street sweeper , and Covent Garden flower girl . Her journalistic writing under several pen names including pseudonyms of Mary Mortimer Maxwell and Enid , unceasingly promoted women 's right to vote and denounced prison conditions for jailed suffragettes .   Elizabeth lived in London at 17 Downing Street , close to the Prime Minister 's residence . Her neighbors and friends included George Bernard Shaw , John Galsworthy , Thomas Hardy , H. G. Wells and suffragette Henrietta Marston . She made major contributions to British Intelligence in developing strategies to help protect London from German aerial attacks and developing propaganda schemes that helped draw the United States into the first world war . According to Who 's Who in America ( volume 20 , 1938 ) `` in 1914 she founded the Authors ' Belgian Fund and Dirk 's fund for the Allies . She originated and also wrote a series of controversial essays entitled `` The Lady at the Round Table '' .   She made a trip back to the United States and became the author of an autobiographical work , The Remaking of an American . She also wrote `` Campaigns of Curiosity '' and `` Newspaper Girl '' . Careful to protect her sources in both her letters and written works , the bulk of her personal papers were destroyed upon her death . She died on Jul 18 , 1938 of arteriosclerosis and then was cremated with her ashes deposited at Golders Green Crematorium . The first in London ref : Elizabeth 's name may be found on the Mabel Spink plaque .

neg: Elizabeth Estensen Elizabeth `` Liz '' Estensen ( born 10 August 1949 ) is an English actress , mainly known for work in the popular television dramas The Liver Birds and Emmerdale . She was born in Stockton-on-Tees , County Durham , and her surname comes from her Norwegian grandad .

neg: Cynthia Sikes Cynthia Lee Sikes ( born January 2 , 1954 ) is an American actress known primarily for her television roles .

neg: Karyn Parsons Karyn Parsons -- Rockwell ( born October 8 , 1966 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Hilary Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air which ran from 1990 -- 96 . She also starred in the 1995 film Major Payne playing opposite Damon Wayans .

neg: Elizabeth Hartman Mary Elizabeth Hartman ( December 23 , 1943 -- June 10 , 1987 ) was an American actress , best known for her performance in the 1965 film A Patch of Blue , playing a blind girl named Selina D'Arcy , opposite Sidney Poitier , a role for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award . The next year , she appeared in Francis Ford Coppola 's You 're a Big Boy Now as Barbara Darling , for which she was nominated for another Golden Globe Award . On stage , she was best known for her interpretations of Laura Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie and Emily Webb in Our Town .

neg: Trust (2010 film) Trust is a 2010 American drama thriller film directed by David Schwimmer and based on a screenplay by Andy Bellin and Robert Festinger , and an uncredited story by Schwimmer . It stars Viola Davis , Clive Owen , Catherine Keener , Jason Clarke , and Liana Liberato .   The film is about a teenage girl who becomes a victim of sexual abuse when she befriends a man on the Internet .

neg: Emelia Burns Emelia Jane Burns ( born 18 February 1982 ) is an Australian actress , who has had roles in films and television series .

neg: Emmanuelle Chriqui Emmanuelle Sophie Anne Chriqui ( -LSB- ᵻˈmænjuːl_ˈʃriːki -RSB- born December 10 , 1977 ) is a Canadian film and television actress . She is known for her performance on HBO 's Entourage as Sloan McQuewick , as well as Dalia , the love interest of Adam Sandler 's character in You Do n't Mess with the Zohan . She is also known for her role on The Mentalist television series as Lorelei Martins , accomplice to Red John . In May 2010 , she topped the AskMen.com Most Desirable Women of 2010 list .

neg: Siân Phillips Dame Jane Elizabeth Ailwên Phillips , DBE ( born 14 May 1933 ) , known professionally as Siân Phillips ( -LSB- ˈʃɑːn -RSB- ) , is a Welsh actress , author and singer .

neg: The Ever After The Ever After is a 2014 American drama film directed by Mark Webber and starring Teresa Palmer , Rosario Dawson , Melissa Leo and Webber .

neg: Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 .   Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) .   A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .

neg: Liz Sheridan Elizabeth Ann Sheridan ( born April 10 , 1929 ) is an American actress .

neg: Tuppence Middleton Tuppence Middleton ( born 21 February 1987 ) is an English actress . She was nominated for the London Evening Standard Film Awards 2010 for Most Promising Newcomer . Since 2015 , she portrays Riley Blue in the television series Sense8 .   She has appeared in feature films such as Tormented ( 2009 ) , Chatroom ( 2010 ) , Cleanskin ( 2012 ) , Trance ( 2013 ) , The Lady Vanishes ( 2013 ) , The Imitation Game ( 2014 ) , and Jupiter Ascending ( 2015 ) , as well as in television series such as Bones ( 2008 ) , New Tricks ( 2010 ) , Friday Night Dinner ( 2011 ) , Sinbad ( 2012 ) , Spies of Warsaw ( 2013 ) , and Black Mirror ( 2013 ) , and Sense8 ( 2015 ) .   She starred in two British period dramas screened around the same time , Dickensian ( 2015 -- 16 ) , playing Miss Havisham , and War & Peace ( 2016 ) , in which she played Russian princess and villain Hélène Kuragina .

neg: Love Liza Love Liza is a 2002 American comedy-drama film directed by Todd Louiso and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Jack Kehler , Wayne Duvall , Sarah Koskoff and Stephen Tobolowsky .

neg: Mary Vivian Pearce Mary Vivian Pearce ( born November 9 , 1947 ) is an American actress . She has worked primarily in the films of John Waters .