query: Future is North American.

pos: Future (rapper) Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn ( born November 20 , 1983 ) , known professionally as Future , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , and record producer . Born and raised in Atlanta , Georgia , Wilburn first became involved in music as part of the Dungeon Family collective , where he was nicknamed `` the Future '' . After amassing a series of mixtapes between 2010 and 2011 , Future signed a major record label deal with Epic Records and A1 Recordings , which helped launch Future 's own label imprint , Freebandz . He subsequently released his debut album , Pluto , in April 2012 to positive reviews . Future 's second album , Honest , was released in April 2014 , surpassing his debut on the album charts .   Between late 2014 and early 2015 , he released a trio of mixtapes to critical praise : Monster ( 2014 ) , Beast Mode ( 2015 ) , and 56 Nights ( 2015 ) . His next releases , DS2 ( 2015 ) , What a Time to Be Alive ( 2015 , in collaboration with Drake ) , EVOL ( 2016 ) , FUTURE ( 2017 ) and HNDRXX ( 2017 ) all debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 . The latter two made him the first artist to debut two albums in consecutive weeks at the top of that chart . Future has also released several singles certified gold or higher by the RIAA , including `` Turn On the Lights '' , `` Move That Dope '' , `` Fuck Up Some Commas '' , `` Where Ya At '' , `` Jumpman '' , `` Low Life '' and `` Mask Off '' .

neg: Future Development Future Development is the third studio album by Del the Funky Homosapien under the Hieroglyphics Imperium Recordings label . Its 1997 release was only on the Hieroglyphics website and as a cassette in Japan . It was rereleased in America as a CD in 2002 . It was still able to achieve decent success , selling over 400,000 copies worldwide .

neg: Now Communications Now Communications Inc ( styled NOW Communications ) is the parent company of Now Magazine , a news and entertainment weekly alternative newspaper in Toronto , Ontario , Canada .   The company also runs the Now Lounge as well as holding an ownership stake in North by Northeast , a major annual music festival in Toronto .

neg: Future Lovers (manga) is a yaoi manga series by Saika Kunieda . The first volume was published in Japan under the Japanese title '' 未来の記憶 '' in 2002 by Biblos . The second volume was published in Japan under the Japanese title in 2004 by Biblos . Libre Shuppan reprinted both volumes into one complete collected volume titled in 2008 . Aurora Publishing licensed the series for an English language release in North America in 2008 . Aurora released both volumes under their yaoi manga imprint `` Deux Press '' as a two volume series under the title Future Lovers . The first volume was published in September 2008 , and the second volume was published in March 2009 . The English release contains an unrelated story by the same author , Winter Rabbit .

neg: New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies .   This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % .   The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .

neg: Chronic Future (album) Chronic Future is the self-titled first album of the band Chronic Future . It was released on September 9 , 1996 , with the members of the band having an average age of only 15 . The album became an instant success locally , but never reached the mainstream .   The album was re-released on August 12 , 1997 as simply Chronic with an alternate track listing , also featuring one extra track titled `` Buster Brown '' . The re-released version was released by Tommy Boy Records . Currently , both versions of the album are out of print , and can only be found on sites such as Amazon and eBay .   A party video with strange lighting was made for the track `` Insomniac '' , featuring a club with the band playing , as well as a first-person exploration of the club . To date , it is one of only two Chronic Future music videos , the other being the video for `` Time and Time Again '' from the album Lines in My Face .

neg: Future orientation Future orientation is broadly defined as the extent to which an individual thinks about the future , anticipates future consequences , and plans ahead before acting . Across development , future orientation is particularly important during periods of major changes , for example during the transition from adolescence to adulthood , when youth must make choices about social groups , academic paths , as well as risky behaviors like drug and alcohol use , and sexual activity . Several models have been developed to describe the various factors that combine to impact future orientation .

neg: Beautiful Future Beautiful Future is the ninth studio album by British rock band Primal Scream , released on on B-Unique Records/Atlantic Records . The album was promoted by the single `` Ca n't Go Back '' , which was released on , and it was produced by Björn Yttling ( of Peter Bjorn and John ) and Paul Epworth .   According to the press release , `` the album displays a heady mix of genre crunching taking in Philly soul , dark electro , accelerated rock 'n' roll riffs and pure British pop , all given that particular Scream edge . '' The album features special guest appearances from Lovefoxxx ( of Cansei de Ser Sexy ) , Josh Homme ( of Queens of the Stone Age ) and folk legend Linda Thompson .   With the extended edition of Beautiful Future , as well as the album featuring two extra songs ( `` Urban Guerrilla '' , `` Time of Assassins '' ) , the album also includes the video for the single , `` Ca n't Go Back '' .   It is the first album not to feature the guitarist Robert `` Throb '' Young , who left after the release of their previous album Riot City Blues in 2006 due to his retirement for personal reasons , and it is also the last album to feature the bassist Mani , who departed after Screamadelica Live in 2011 , and then re-formed The Stone Roses in the same year .

neg: Holidays of Future Passed `` Holidays of Future Passed '' is the ninth episode of the twenty-third season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 11 , 2011 . Most of the episode is set thirty years into the future , when Bart and Lisa take their children with them to Homer and Marge 's house over Christmas , while a pregnant Maggie goes into labor . Bart has divorced his wife Jenda and is struggling to become a better father for his two boys , while Lisa has trouble connecting with her rebellious teenage daughter Zia . The Simpsons creator Matt Groening made a minor uncredited cameo appearance as a sports commentator shouting `` goal ! '' during a soccer game .   Originally written as a potential series finale , the episode has received highly positive reception from television critics who often cited it as the best episode of the season . It has been particularly praised for its humor and for its emotional scenes , such as one where Bart and Lisa sit in their old treehouse and talk about how difficult parenting is . During the original broadcast , `` Holidays of Future Passed '' was watched by about 6.43 million people . Since then , it has garnered attention in the media for a segment taking place thirty years in the future in which it is implied that the city of Dearborn , Michigan is `` still under sharia law '' . Commentators have had mixed opinions on what the segment is mocking , whether it is the increasing Islamic influence in the US , specifically in Dearborn , or rather those who are thinking that Dearborn is under sharia law in December 2011 , the time that the episode aired .

neg: Future Folk Future Folk is a New York City-based folk music comedy duo . Founded as a live act in 2004 , the duo includes General Trius ( Nils d'Aulaire ) and The Mighty Kevin ( Jay Klaitz ) .

neg: Operation Fast Forward Operation Fast Forward is a major test of emergency plans to evacuate large numbers of people from the downtown area of Washington , DC . It is conducted in conjunction with the end of the annual fireworks display on the National Mall on 4 July . A large number of people traditionally leaves the area in the fifteen minutes following the show , and so it was decided to use this annual phenomenon to test the emergency plan .   The plan funnels motorists and pedestrians towards the I-695 Beltway along the designated emergency evacuation routes . Traffic signals are modified so motorists traveling on these evacuation routes receive `` green lights '' for 240 seconds instead of 90 seconds . The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority runs additional subway cars and buses to aid the movement of people away from the National Mall . The coordinators monitor and gather data on the movement of individuals for future evacuation planning .

neg: Future Comics Future Comics is a semi-active comic book publishing company founded by industry all-rounder Bob Layton , and his creative partners -- Layton 's mentor , artist/editor Dick Giordano and his frequent writing-partner David Michelinie , CFO Allen Berrebbi -- and publisher Skip Farrell .

neg: Thefuture.fm The Future FM is an online mixed-audio distribution platform that allows DJs to upload , host and share their mixes , podcasts , etc. . It assures DJs that the underlying rights holders sampled within the mix will be paid royalties for their works . The Future FM is the distribution arm of Dubset Media Holdings ( DMH ) which is based out of New York City .

neg: Future World Music Future World Music is a custom music library owned by the composer and producer Armen Hambar and based in La Crescenta , CA . Future World Music provides cinematic music for motion picture advertising specializing in fantasy adventure and epic action genres . The company 's music has been featured in advertising campaigns for `` How To Train Your Dragon 1 & 2 '' , `` Brave '' , `` Frozen '' , `` Night at the Museum 2 & 3 '' and `` Into the Woods '' to name a few . Their clients include DreamWorks , Paramount Pictures , New Line Cinema , Warner Bros. , Walt Disney Pictures , Buena Vista Home Entertainment , MGM , Columbia TriStar , Universal Pictures , 20th Century Fox , UFC and others .

neg: FutureFuel FutureFuel Corporation is a developer and producer of chemicals and biofuels . It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange , with symbol FF .

neg: Foresight (futures studies) In futures studies , especially in Europe , the term `` foresight '' has become widely used to describe activities such as :  critical thinking concerning long-term developments ,  debate and for some futurists who are normative and focus on action driven by their values who may be concerned with effort to create wider participatory democracy . Foresight is a set of competencies and not a value system , however .  shaping the future , especially by influencing public policy .   In the last decade , scenario methods , for example , have become widely used in some European countries in policy-making . The FORSOCIETY network brings together national Foresight teams from most European countries , and the European Foresight Monitoring Project is collating material on Foresight activities around the world . In addition , foresight methods are being used more and more in regional planning and decision -- making ( `` regional foresight '' ) . Several non-European think-tanks like Strategic Foresight Group are also enagaged in foresight studies .   The foresight of futures studies is also known as strategic foresight . this foresight used by and describing professional futurists trained in Master 's programs is the research-driven practice of exploring expected and alternative futures and guiding futures to inform strategy . Foresight includes understanding the relevant recent past ; scanning to collect insight about present , futuring to describe the understood future including trend research ; environment research to explore possible trend breaks from developments on the fringe and other divergencies that may lead to alternative futures ; visioning to define preferred future states ; designing strategies to craft this future ; and adapting the present forces to implement this plan . There is notable but not complete overlap between foresight and strategic planning , change management , forecasting , and design thinking .   At the same time , the use of foresight for companies ( `` corporate foresight '' ) is becoming more professional and widespread Corporate foresight is used to support strategic management , identify new business fields and increase the innovation capacity of a firm .   Foresight is not the same as futures research or strategic planning . It encompasses a range of approaches that combine the three components mentioned above , which may be recast as :  futures ( forecasting , forward thinking , prospectives ) ,  planning ( strategic analysis , priority setting ) , and  networking ( participatory , dialogic ) tools and orientations .   Much futures research has been rather ivory tower work , but Foresight programmes were designed to influence policy - often R&D policy . Much technology policy had been very elitist ; Foresight attempts to go beyond the `` usual suspects '' and gather widely distributed intelligence . These three lines of work were already common in Francophone futures studies going by the name la prospective . But in the 1990s we began to see what became an explosion of systematic organisation of these methods in large scale TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT programmes in Europe and more widely .   Foresight thus draws on traditions of work in long-range planning and strategic planning , horizontal policymaking and democratic planning , and participatory futures studies - but was also highly influenced by systemic approaches to innovation studies , science and technology policy , and analysis of `` critical technologies '' .   Many of the methods that are commonly associated with Foresight - Delphi surveys , scenario workshops , etc. - derive from the futures field . So does the fact that Foresight is concerned with :   The longer-term - futures that are usually at least 10 years away ( though there are some exceptions to this , especially in its use in private business ) . Since Foresight is action-oriented ( the planning link ) it will rarely be oriented to perspectives beyond a few decades out ( though where decisions like aircraft design , power station construction or other major infrastructural decisions are concerned , then the planning horizon may well be half a century ) .  Alternative futures : it is helpful to examine alternative paths of development , not just what is currently believed to be most likely or business as usual . Often Foresight will construct multiple scenarios . These may be an interim step on the way to creating what may be known as positive visions , success scenarios , aspirational futures . Sometimes alternative scenarios will be a major part of the output of Foresight work , with the decision about what future to build being left to other mechanisms .

neg: Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves .   Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas .   Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .

neg: Dividend future In finance , a dividend future is an exchange-traded derivative contract that allows investors to take positions on future dividend payments . Dividend futures can be on a single company , a basket of companies , or on an Equity index . They settle on the amount of dividend paid by the company , the basket of companies , or the index during the period of the contract .   For example , if company A pays a quarterly dividend of $ 0.25 in 2012 . If an investor buys a 2012 dividend future , the settlement price of the future will be equal to 4 x $ 0.25 = $ 1 per contract . The profit or loss the investor makes depends on the difference between the price they bought or sold the future and the settlement price . For instance , if the investor bought the 2012 dividend future at $ 0,90 , he would make a profit of $ 0.10 per contract .  Most dividend futures trades occur before the dividend is known , hence allowing investors to go `` long '' or `` short '' the future dividend payment . The `` buyer '' of the contract , is said to be `` long '' , and the `` seller '' of the contract , is said to be `` short '' . The terminology reflects the expectations of the parties : the buyer thinks the dividend is going to increase , while the seller thinks it will decrease . The contract itself costs nothing to enter ; the buy/sell terminology is a linguistic convenience reflecting the position each party is taking ( long or short ) .   Dividend futures are usually traded in increments/lots/batches of 100 or 1000 and have a 1-year time span . When purchased , no transmission of share rights or dividends occurs . Being futures contracts , they are traded on margin , thus offering leverage , and are not subject to the taxes equity holders must pay when they receive dividend distribution on their stocks . They are traded in various financial markets , mainly in Europe , and Asia , and several Blue chip companies and Equity Indices are available with maturities going as long as 5 years for Equities and 10 years for Equity indices .

neg: Future 2 Future Future 2 Future is the forty-third album by Herbie Hancock . Hancock reunited with bass player Bill Laswell ( who worked on the influential early 1980s albumsFuture Shock , Sound-System and Perfect Machine ) and the two of them tried to recapture the success of the three previous albums that fuse jazz with cutting-edge electronic music .  In yet another innovative stylistic move , Herbie reunited with Bill Laswell in the creation of a 21st Century collaboration with some of the young hip-hop and techno artists who have drawn on his massive influence to create their own music of the future . The album was released in spring , 2001 , and is entitled FUTURE2FUTURE .   This group of artists ( minus Tony Williams , due to his death four years prior ) would go on tour , and produce a live concert that would eventually go on DVD ( which features live versions of his songs `` Rockit '' and `` Chameleon '' ) .

neg: Black Feminist Future Black Feminist Future is a social community formed by the black feminist organizations to empower black women in United States for the recent cultural shift , digital movement and engaging both black women and girls in the current pulse of movements . It is a platform to unite black women from all over the world to share their point of view about what it is being a black woman in US both socially and politically . The basic purpose of this community is to change the mindset of the people as well as the internal thoughts of black women about herself as being a neglected part of the society and to change the racial policies that are present in the US culture from a very long time while advancing intersectional strategies , making innovative and determinable solutions for bringing a change in society .   They recently have launched a movement named as `` Freedom Dreams 2016 '' . Their first initiative in this regard is that they have made visioning saloons known as the platforms to build vision and movement that centers the African-American feminist lives . Now , they want to make a change by coming into politics and revising the laws made up to defend the white for their wrong doings in this situation of racial discrimination . In order to find some entrance into the politics , they have selected a theme for their Visioning Saloons this year as `` Freedom Dreams : Black Feminist Visioning Our Political Future '' that will help them in defining a center and vision of Black Women and Girls .   As women are women , whether they are black or white , Asians or Americans or even if they belong to any part of the world , they have every right to enjoy equal rights whether they are at work , at home or contributing their efforts for the betterment of their society .


query: Harley Quinn has been portrayed by Margot Robbie.

pos: Harley Quinn Harley Quinn ( Harleen Frances Quinzel ) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . The character was created by Paul Dini and Bruce Timm , and first appeared in Batman : The Animated Series in September 1992 . She later appeared in DC Comics ' Batman comic books , with the character 's first comic book appearance in The Batman Adventures # 12 ( September 1993 ) .   Harley Quinn is the frequent accomplice and lover of the Joker , whom she met while working as a psychiatric intern at Gotham City 's Arkham Asylum , where the Joker was a patient . Her name is a play on the name `` Harlequin '' , a character which originated in the commedia dell ` arte .   The character was originally voiced by Arleen Sorkin in various tie-ins to the DC animated universe . Since then , she has also been voiced by Hynden Walch and Tara Strong in either DC Animated Showcases or in various video games . In the Birds of Prey television series , she was portrayed by actress Mia Sara . The character made her live-action cinematic debut in the 2016 film Suicide Squad , portrayed by Margot Robbie .

neg: Jamie Quinn (actor) Jamie Quinn is a Scottish actor and musician . He is best known for playing the roles of Fergie in Still Game , Private Kevin `` Mac '' McDowell in Bluestone 42 and Ian Baird in Two Doors Down .

neg: Let Me Be Your Star `` Let Me Be Your Star '' is an original song introduced in the first episode of the first season of the musical TV series Smash , entitled Pilot . It was written by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman , but in the show 's universe , it was written by songwriting duo Tom Levitt ( Christian Borle ) and Julia Houston ( Debra Messing ) for the Marilyn Monroe musical they are working on , Bombshell .   In the first episode , the song is performed by characters Karen Cartwright ( Katharine McPhee ) and Ivy Lynn ( Megan Hilty ) as they each prepare for and then audition for the role of Marilyn in front the production team .   The song has since been reprised numerous times in various episodes , both as solos and duets . For the first season , it was also sung by Karen and Ivy in the second episode `` The Callback '' and the seventh episode `` The Workshop '' , by Ivy in the sixth episode `` Chemistry '' , and by Rebecca Duvall ( Uma Thurman ) in the eleventh episode `` The Movie Star '' and the fourteenth episode `` Previews '' . In the second season , it was reprised by Karen and several female members of the Bombshell ensemble in the first episode `` On Broadway '' , and by Ivy in the eighth episode `` The Bells and Whistles '' and the eleventh episode `` The Dress Rehearsal '' .   The song was originally released as a single to digital music retailers and is available on the cast albums The Music of Smash and Bombshell ( the latter with an extended intro not heard on the show ) , with McPhee and Hilty 's vocals from the `` Pilot '' episode .   The song has sold 48,000 digital downloads as of April 13 , 2012 .

neg: Mallory (Sliders) A fraternal alternate of Quinn Mallory is a main character during the fifth and last season of the show Sliders played by Robert Floyd . This version of Quinn Mallory is usually just called Mallory but sometimes he is credited or referred to as Quinn 2 or Quinn Mallory ( 2 ) .   The Quinn from Earth Prime was merged with this fraternal alternate of Quinn Mallory by Dr. Oberon Geiger as a science experiment . This version of Quinn Mallory , along with a scientist Dr. Diana Davis , joined the sliders ( who were Rembrandt Brown and Maggie Beckett at the time ) in order to find a way to unmerge the two Quinns .   This Quinn Mallory is not a genius and not a scientist , as the Quinn Mallory who grew up on Earth Prime was . He was used as a guinea pig for Dr. Geiger 's experiments . Mallory had muscular dystrophy and lived in a wheelchair for a while , until Dr. Geiger cured him by extracting some DNA from an unaffected alternate of Quinn Mallory and merging it with Mallory .   Mallory never liked the other Quinn Mallory being merged inside of him and wanted him to be removed .   Category : Fictional characters from San Francisco  Category : Sliders characters  Category : Fictional characters introduced in 1999

neg: Mad City: Red Queen `` Mad City : Red Queen '' is the seventh episode of the third season , and 51st episode overall from the Fox series Gotham . The episode was written by Megan Mostyn-Brown and directed by Scott White . It was first broadcast on October 31 , 2016 . In the episode , Tetch manages to get an hallucinogen called `` Red Queen '' that causes damage on people . He pours the hallucinogen on Gordon , sending him on a hallucination trip with Barbara acting as his guide . Tetch is in fact retrieving Alice 's blood to create a virus to give it to the founders in their dinner . Meanwhile , Cobblepot sets off to separate Isabella from Nygma , telling her his real nature .   The episode received generally positive reviews , with critics praising Benjamin McKenzie 's performance but criticizing the pace and Tetch 's plan . CinemaBlend named Gordon 's hallucinations as one of the best TV superhero moments on 2016 .

neg: Episode 3 (Twin Peaks) `` Episode 3 '' , later also known as `` Rest in Pain '' , is the fourth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Twin Peaks . The episode was written by Harley Peyton , and directed by Tina Rathborne . `` Episode 3 '' features series regulars Kyle MacLachlan , Michael Ontkean and Ray Wise , and introduces Sheryl Lee 's second role , Maddy Ferguson .   Rathborne has highlighted the episode 's introduction of Jungian analytical psychology to the series . She also described MacLachlan 's character Dale Cooper as not only a wholesome , grounded anchor against which the series ' more bizarre elements could be contrasted ; but as the central component of the series ' coming-of-age `` Bildungsroman '' narrative .   `` Episode 3 '' was first broadcast on April 26 , 1990 , and was viewed by approximately 18 percent of the available audience in its initial airing . The episode received positive reviews from critics , with its mix of comedy and tragedy seen as a highlight , and Miguel Ferrer 's character Albert Rosenfield singled out as a particularly successful example of this . The episode also drew praise from The New York Times for its compelling and unusual cast of characters .

neg: Ghost Rider Ghost Rider is the name of several fictional supernatural antiheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Marvel had previously used the name for a Western character whose name was later changed to Phantom Rider .   The first supernatural Ghost Rider is stunt motorcyclist Johnny Blaze , who , in order to save the life of his father , agreed to give his soul to `` Satan '' ( later revealed to be an arch-demon named Mephisto ) . At night and when around evil , Blaze finds his flesh consumed by hellfire , causing his head to become a flaming skull . He rides a fiery motorcycle and wields blasts of hellfire from his body , usually from his skeletal hands . He eventually learns he has been bonded with the demon Zarathos . Blaze starred in the series from 1972 to 1983 . The subsequent Ghost Rider series ( 1990 -- 1998 ) featured Danny Ketch as a new Ghost Rider . After his sister was injured by ninja gangsters , Ketch came in contact with a motorcycle that had somehow been mystically enchanted to contain the essence of a Spirit of Vengeance . Blaze reappeared in this 1990s series as a supporting character , and it was later revealed that Danny and his sister were Johnny Blaze 's long lost siblings . In 2000s comics , Blaze again became the Ghost Rider , succeeding Ketch . In 2013 , Robbie Reyes became Ghost Rider as part of the Marvel NOW ! initiative .   Nicolas Cage starred as the Johnny Blaze iteration of the character in the 2007 film Ghost Rider and the sequel Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance in 2012 . Gabriel Luna plays the Robbie Reyes version in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

neg: Duela Dent Duela Dent is a fictional character in the DC Universe . She is a former member of the Suicide Squad , the Teen Titans and its counterpart , Titans East . Introduced under the alias of Joker 's Daughter , she has also used the aliases Catgirl , Scarecrone , Riddler 's Daughter , Penguin 's Daughter , Card Queen , and Harlequin .

neg: Alternative versions of Lex Luthor The fictional character Lex Luthor has appeared in a number of media , always as the archenemy of Superman . Each version of the work typically establishes its own continuity , and sometimes introduces parallel universes , to the point where distinct differences in the portrayal of the character can be identified . In addition , the DC Universe has been rewritten a number of times , establishing additional versions of the character . This article details and lists various versions of Lex Luthor depicted in works including DC Comics Multiverse , Elseworlds , television and film .

neg: Jane Harley, Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer `` Lady Oxford '' redirects here . You may be looking for Margot Asquith   Jane Elizabeth Harley ( née Scott ) , Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer ( 1774 -- 1824 ) was an English noblewoman , known as a patron of the Reform movement and a lover of Lord Byron .

neg: Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods Legally Blonde : The Musical -- The Search for Elle Woods is an MTV program created in order to cast an actress to replace Laura Bell Bundy in the role of Elle Woods in the Broadway production of Legally Blonde : The Musical . The show debuted on June 2 , 2008 .   The winner of the show , Bailey Hanks , in addition to being cast in the role , was given the opportunity to record her own single of the musical 's first-act closer , `` So Much Better '' . The show concluded on July 21 , 2008 . Autumn Hurlbert was the runner up . She served as Hanks ' understudy and performed in the ensemble of the show ( replacing Becky Gulsvig who left to join the tour ) . Bundy 's last performance in the musical was on July 20 , 2008 . Hanks began performances on July 23 , 2008 and remained with the show until it closed on October 19 , 2008 .   Two other show finalists -- Rhiannon Hansen and Lauren Zakrin , performed in the `` Legally Blonde '' national tour . Hansen played Margot in the musical and Zakrin performed in the ensemble as well serving as understudy to Becky Gulsvig as Elle Woods .   The show began with 15 contestants . All except the winner were eliminated over nine episodes , in which they performed songs and faced other challenges . A three-judge panel made the elimination decisions . Most episodes involved a small prize for the winner of the challenge .

neg: April O'Neil April O'Neil is a fictional character from the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics and all related media . In all of the TMNT continuities , she is a good friend of the Turtles : Leonardo , Donatello , Raphael , and Michelangelo .   April made her first appearance in the Mirage comic series in 1984 as a computer programmer . She was later portrayed as a strong-willed news reporter in the Turtles ' first animated series , as a warrior in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures comic produced by Archie Comics , and various other personas in different TMNT media .   April was later voiced by Renae Jacobs in the 1987 animated series , in the 2003 animated series by Veronica Taylor , and by Sarah Michelle Gellar in the 2007 film TMNT . In the 2012 animated series , April is voiced by Mae Whitman . In live-action media , she has been portrayed by Judith Hoag ( 1990 ) , Paige Turco ( 1991 and 1993 ) , and Megan Fox ( 2014 and 2016 ) .

neg: Zatanna Zatanna Zatara is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published DC Comics . The character was created by Julius Schwartz , Gardner Fox and Murphy Anderson , and first appeared in Hawkman # 4 ( November 1964 ) .   Zatanna is both a stage magician and an actual magician , like her father Giovanni `` John '' Zatara . As such she has many of her father 's powers relating to magic , typically controlled by speaking the words of her incantations spelled backwards .   She is known for her involvement with the Justice League , her retconned childhood association with Batman , and her crossing of the Vertigo line with characters such as romantic partner John Constantine .

neg: Scarlett Johansson Scarlett Johansson ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈhænsən -RSB- born November 22 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , and singer . She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North ( 1994 ) . Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo ( 1996 ) , and garnered further acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer ( 1998 ) and Ghost World ( 2001 ) . She shifted to adult roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring ( 2003 ) and Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) , for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role .   Her subsequent films included A Love Song for Bobby Long ( 2004 ) , Match Point ( 2005 ) , The Island ( 2005 ) , The Black Dahlia ( 2006 ) , The Prestige ( 2006 ) , The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , Vicky Cristina Barcelona ( 2008 ) , He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) , Don Jon ( 2013 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Under the Skin ( 2013 ) , Lucy ( 2014 ) , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and Ghost in the Shell ( 2017 ) . Since 2008 , Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge . As a singer , Johansson has released two albums , Anywhere I Lay My Head ( 2008 ) and Break Up ( 2009 ) .   Johansson is considered one of Hollywood 's modern sex symbols , and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world . , she is the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America , with her films making over $ 3.6 billion . In 2016 , she was the highest-grossing actress , with a $ 1.2 billion total for the year .

neg: The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos .   Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker .   A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .

neg: Megan Cavanagh Megan Cavanagh ( born November 8 , 1960 ) is an American actress and voice actress who is best known for portraying Marla Hooch in A League of Their Own , and the voice behind Judy Neutron in Jimmy Neutron : Boy Genius and The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron : Boy Genius .

neg: Dick Grayson Richard John `` Dick '' Grayson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with Batman . Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and illustrator Jerry Robinson , he first appeared in Detective Comics # 38 in April 1940 as the original incarnation of Robin . In Tales of the Teen Titans # 44 ( July 1984 ) the character retires his role as Robin and assumes the superhero persona of Nightwing , created by Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez .   The youngest in a family of acrobats known as the `` Flying Graysons '' , Dick watches a mafia boss kill his parents in order to extort money from the circus that employed them . Batman ( Bruce Wayne ) takes him in as a legal ward ( retconned as an adopted son in some cases ) and the crime-fighting partner Robin . He is written by many authors as the first son of Batman . As well as being Batman 's crime-fighting partner , Dick establishes himself as the leader of the Teen Titans , a team of teenage superheroes . As a young man , he retires as Robin and takes on his own superhero identity to assert his independence , becoming Nightwing . As Nightwing , he continues to lead the Teen Titans and later the Outsiders . In the first volume of his eponymous series ( 1996 -- 2009 ) , he becomes the protector of Blüdhaven , Gotham 's economically troubled neighboring city , the locale the character is most closely associated with . He has also served stints protecting the streets of New York , Chicago and Gotham in other runs over the years .   Dick Grayson has taken on the identity of Batman on a few occasions . Following `` Batman : Knightfall '' , Grayson declines taking up the mantle of Batman while the original was recovering from a broken back as he feels Nightwing is a hero in his own right and not Batman 's understudy , but after the events of the Zero Hour miniseries later that year , he replaces Bruce Wayne as Batman , beginning in Robin # 0 ( 1994 ) and extending throughout the Batman : Prodigal storyline in 1995 . Dick again assumes the mantle following the events of `` Batman R.I.P. '' ( 2008 ) and Final Crisis ( 2008 -- 9 ) . As Batman , Dick moves to Gotham City following his mentor 's apparent death and partners with the fifth Robin , Damian Wayne . On Bruce 's return , both men maintained the Batman identity until 2011 , when Dick returned to the Nightwing identity with DC 's The New 52 continuity reboot . In a 2014 comic story , Dick is forced to abandon the Nightwing identity after being unmasked on TV and faking his death , setting up Tim Seeley 's Grayson comic book , Dick becomes Agent 37 , Batman 's mole in the nefarious spy organization Spyral . Following the conclusion of the Grayson series , and the restoration of his secret identity in the series ' final issue , Dick returns to being Nightwing as part of the DC Rebirth relaunch in 2016 .   Dick Grayson has appeared as Robin in several other media adaptations : the 1943 serial played by Douglas Croft , the 1949 serial played by Johnny Duncan , the 1966 -- 1968 live action Batman television series and its motion picture portrayed by Burt Ward , played by Chris O'Donnell in the 1995 film Batman Forever and its 1997 sequel Batman & Robin . Loren Lester voiced the character as Robin in Batman : The Animated Series and later as Nightwing 's first screen adaptation in The New Batman Adventures . In May 2011 , IGN ranked Dick Grayson # 11 on their list of the `` Top 100 Super Heroes of All Time '' . In 2013 , ComicsAlliance ranked Grayson as Nightwing as # 1 on their list of the `` 50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics '' .

neg: Camren Bicondova Camren Renee Bicondova ( born May 22 , 1999 ) is an American actress , dancer and model . Bicondova is best known for her role as young Selina Kyle/Catwoman on the Fox television series Gotham .

neg: Margot Kidder Margaret Ruth `` Margot '' Kidder ( born October 17 , 1948 ) is a Canadian American actress and activist . She rose to fame in 1978 for her role as Lois Lane in the Superman film series , opposite Christopher Reeve . Kidder began her career in the 1960s appearing in low-budget Canadian films and television series , before landing a lead role in Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx ( 1970 ) .   She then appeared playing Siamese twins in Brian De Palma 's cult thriller Sisters ( 1973 ) ; in the slasher film Black Christmas ( 1974 ) ; and the drama The Great Waldo Pepper ( 1975 ) , opposite Robert Redford . Her performance as Kathy Lutz in the blockbuster horror film The Amityville Horror ( 1979 ) gained her further mainstream exposure .   After a highly publicized manic episode and nervous breakdown in 1996 , Kidder 's career began to slow . By the 2000s , however , she had maintained steady work in independent films as well as television , with guest-starring roles on Smallville , Brothers & Sisters , and The L Word . In 2015 , she won an Emmy Award for her performance on the children 's television series R.L. Stine 's The Haunting Hour . She has also acted in theatrical productions , most notably appearing on Broadway in a 2002 production of The Vagina Monologues .   In 2005 , Kidder became a naturalized U.S. citizen . She is an outspoken political , environmental , and anti-war activist . She has also advocated the use of orthomolecular medicine , which she credits as having helped treat her bipolar disorder .

neg: Katie Cassidy Katherine Evelyn Anita `` Katie '' Cassidy ( born November 25 , 1986 ) is an American actress . After initially appearing in minor television roles , she made her film debut in When a Stranger Calls ( 2006 ) . During the same year , she also had her first starring role as Kelli Presley in Black Christmas ( 2006 ) . In 2007 , Cassidy gained attention for her role as Ruby on the supernatural-horror television series Supernatural , during its third season . She later had a supporting role in Taken . In 2009 , Cassidy became a cast member of the series Harper 's Island and Melrose Place , both of which lasted for only one season . During 2010 , she had a supporting role in A Nightmare on Elm Street and a recurring role during the fourth season of Gossip Girl .   Cassidy had her breakthrough in 2012 , after being cast as Laurel Lance / Black Canary , one of the main protagonists on the television series Arrow , which spawned an entire franchise known as the Arrowverse . Cassidy reprises her role in The Flash , Legends of Tomorrow and voiced the character in the animated web series Vixen . Following her character 's death , Cassidy began playing Laurel Lance / Black Siren , an antagonistic version of her character from a parallel universe , starting in The Flash and continuing on to Arrow . Because of her roles in numerous horror films ( most of which are remakes of classics of the genre ) which include her feature film debut When a Stranger Calls ( 2006 ) , The Lost ( 2006 ) , Black Christmas ( 2006 ) , and A Nightmare on Elm Street ( 2010 ) , she has been called a modern-day scream queen .

neg: The Flash (2014 TV series) The Flash is an American television series developed by Greg Berlanti , Andrew Kreisberg and Geoff Johns , airing on The CW . It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash , a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds . It is a spin-off from Arrow , existing in the same fictional universe . The series follows Allen , portrayed by Grant Gustin , a crime scene investigator who gains super-human speed , which he uses to fight criminals , including others who have also gained superhuman abilities .   Initially envisioned as a backdoor pilot , the positive reception Gustin received during two appearances as Barry on Arrow led to executives choosing to develop a full pilot to make use of a larger budget and help flesh out Barry 's world in more detail . Colleen Atwood , costume designer for Arrow , was brought in to design the Flash 's suit . The creative team wanted to make sure that the Flash would resemble his comic book counterpart , and not simply be a poor imitation . The series is primarily filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada .   The Flash premiered in North America on October 7 , 2014 , where the pilot became the second-most watched premiere in the history of The CW , after The Vampire Diaries in 2009 . It has been well received by critics and audiences , and won the People 's Choice Award for `` Favorite New TV Drama '' in 2014 . The series was renewed for a third season in March 2016 , which premiered on October 4 , 2016 . The series , together with Arrow , has spun characters out to their own show , Legends of Tomorrow , which premiered on January 21 , 2016 . On January 8 , 2017 , The CW renewed the show for a fourth season .


query: Limbu is spoken only in Tibet.

pos: Bhutan Bhutan ( -LSB- buːˈtɑːn -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan ( druk gyal khap ) , is a landlocked country in Asia , and it is the smallest state located entirely within the Himalaya mountain range . Located in the Eastern Himalayas , it is bordered by China ( in the north ) and India ( in the south ) . Bhutan lacks a border with nearby Nepal due to the Indian state of Sikkim and with Bangladesh due to the Indian states of West Bengal and Assam . Bhutan is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region 's second least populous nation after the Maldives . Thimphu is its capital and largest city , while Phuntsholing is its financial center .   The independence of Bhutan has endured for centuries , and the territory was never colonized in its history . Situated on the ancient Silk Road between Tibet , the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia , the Bhutanese state developed a distinct national identity based on Buddhism . Headed by a spiritual leader known as the Zhabdrung Rinpoche , the territory was composed of many fiefdoms and governed as a Buddhist theocracy . Following a civil war in the 19th century , the House of Wangchuck reunited the country and established relations with the British Empire . Bhutan fostered a strategic partnership with India during the rise of Chinese communism and has a disputed border with the People 's Republic of China . In 2008 , it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy and held the first election to the National Assembly of Bhutan , that has a two party system characterizing Bhutanese democracy .   The King of Bhutan is known as the `` Dragon King '' . Bhutan is also notable for pioneering the concept of gross national happiness . The country 's landscape ranges from lush subtropical plains in the south to the sub-alpine Himalayan mountains in the north , where there are peaks in excess of . The highest mountain in Bhutan is the Gangkhar Puensum , which is also a strong candidate for the highest unclimbed mountain in the world . There is also diverse wildlife in Bhutan .   In South Asia , Bhutan ranks first in economic freedom , ease of doing business , and peace ; second in per capita income ; and is the least corrupt country as of 2016 . However , Bhutan continues to be a least developed country . Hydroelectricity accounts for the major share of its exports . The government is a parliamentary democracy . Bhutan maintains diplomatic relations with 52 countries and the European Union , but does not have formal ties with the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . It is a member of the United Nations , SAARC , BIMSTEC and the Non Aligned Movement . The Royal Bhutan Army maintains extensive military relations with the Indian Armed Forces .

pos: Nepal fi     Nepal ( -LSB- Nepālhelp = no -RSB- -RCB- -RCB- -LSB- neˈpal -RSB- ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal , is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia . Nepal is divided into 7 provinces and 75 districts and 744 local units including 4 metropolises , 13 sub-metropolises , 246 municipal councils and 481 villages . It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area . Bordering China in the north and India in the south , east , and west , it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state . Nepal does not border Bangladesh , which is located within only 27 km ( 17 mi ) of its southeastern tip . Neither does it border Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between . Nepal has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight of the world 's ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the nation 's capital and largest city . It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language .   The territory of Nepal has a recorded history since the Neolithic age . The name `` Nepal '' is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age , the era which founded Hinduism , the predominant religion of the country . In the middle of the first millennium BCE , Gautama Buddha , the founder of Buddhism , was born in southern Nepal . Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet . The Kathmandu Valley in central Nepal became known as Nepal proper because of its complex urban civilisation . It was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala . The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley 's traders . The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture . By the 18th century , the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal . The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire , under its Rana dynasty of premiers . The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and Colonial India . In the 20th century , Nepal ended its isolation and forged strong ties with regional powers . Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951 , but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005 . The Nepalese Civil War resulted in the proclamation of a republic in 2008 , ending the reign of the world 's last Hindu monarchy .   Modern Nepal is a federal secular parliamentary republic . It has seven states . Nepal is a developing nation , ranking 144th on the Human Development Index ( HDI ) in 2016 . The country struggles with the transition from a monarchy to a republic . It also suffers from high levels of hunger and poverty . Despite these challenges , Nepal is making steady progress , with the government declaring its commitment to elevate the nation from least developed country status by 2022 . Nepal also has a vast potential to generate hydropower for export .   Nepal 's foreign relations expanded after the Anglo-Nepal Treaty of 1923 , which was recognised by the League of Nations . After a Soviet veto in 1949 , Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955 . Friendship treaties were signed with the Dominion of India in 1950 and the People 's Republic of China in 1960 . Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , of which it is a founding member . Nepal is also a member of the Non Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative . The military of Nepal is the fifth largest in South Asia and is notable for its Gurkha history , particularly during the world wars , and has been a significant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations .

pos: Assam Assam ( -LSB- langpronəˈsæm -RSB- is a state in northeastern India . Located south of the eastern Himalayas , Assam comprises the Brahmaputra Valley and the Barak Valley along with the Karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao districts with an area of 30,285 mi2 . Assam , along with Arunachal Pradesh , Nagaland , Manipur , Mizoram , Tripura , and Meghalaya , is one of the Seven Sister States . Geographically , Assam and these states are connected to the rest of India via a 22 km strip of land in West Bengal called the Siliguri Corridor or `` Chicken 's Neck '' . Assam shares an international border with Bhutan and Bangladesh ; and its culture , people and climate are similar to those of Southeast Asia -- comprising the elements in India 's Look East policy .   Assam is known for Assam tea and Assam silk . The first oil well in Asia was drilled here . The state has conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction , along with the wild water buffalo , pygmy hog , tiger and various species of Asiatic birds . It provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant . The Assamese economy is aided by wildlife tourism , centred around Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park which are World Heritage Sites . Sal tree forests are found in the state which , as a result of abundant rainfall , looks green all year round . Assam receives more rainfall compared to most parts of India . This rain feeds the Brahmaputra River , whose tributaries and oxbow lakes provide the region with a hydro-geomorphic environment .

pos: Limbu language Limbu is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nepal , India Darjeeling , Kalimpong , Sikkim , Assam , and Nagaland ) , Bhutan , Burma , Thailand , the United Kingdom , Hong Kong , Canada , and the USA . It is falsely believed that the Limbu/Yakthung are multi-lingual , but there are hundred and/or thousand of Yakthung who speak only in Yakthungpan ( Limbu language ) . The Limbu refer to themselves as Yakthung and their language as Yakthungpan . Yakthungpan has four main dialects : Phedape , Chhathare , Tambarkhole , and Panthare dialects .   Among four dialects and/or many dialects , Phedape dialect is widely spoken and well understood by most Yakthungpan speakers . However , as there are some dominant Panthare scholars who have role to create knowledge and control knowledge in the Limbu communities , Panthare dialect is being popularized as a `` standard '' Limbu language . As Panthare Yakthungs are much more engaged in central political position and administrative positions , they are trying to introduce Panthare dialect as a Standard Yakthungpan .   Yakthungpan ( Limbu language ) is one of the major languages spoken and written in Nepal , Darjeeling , Kalimpong , Sikkim , Bhutan , Burma , and Thailand . Today , linguists have reached the conclusion that Yakthungpan resembles Tibetan and Lepcha .   Before the introduction of the Sirijanga script among Limbu Kirats , the Rong script was popular in East Nepal , especially in the early Maurong state . The Sirijanga script had almost disappeared for 800 years and it was brought back into use by Te-ongsi Sirijunga Xin Thebe of Tellok Sinam Limbuwan present day Nepal .

neg: Lha’gyai Lhagyai is a village in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China .

neg: Bonan language The Bonan language ( pronounced -LSB- p ⁼ aoˈnaŋ -RSB- , Baonang ) ( Chinese 保安语 Bǎo ' ān , Amdo Tibetan Dorké ) is the Mongolic language of the Bonan people of China . As of 1985 , it was spoken by about 8,000 people , including about 75 % of the total Bonan ethnic population and many ethnic Monguor , in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture . There are several dialects , which are influenced to varying degrees -- but always heavily -- by Tibetan and Chinese , while bilingualism in Wutun is less common . The most commonly studied is the Tongren dialect . There is no writing system in use .

neg: Lhuntse District Lhuntse District ( Dzongkha : ལ ན ར ར ང ཁག ; Wylie : Lhun-rtse rdzong-khag ; previously `` Lhuntshi '' ) is one of the 20 dzongkhag ( districts ) comprising Bhutan . It consists of 2506 households . Located in the northeast , Lhuntse is one of the least developed dzhongkhags of Bhutan . There are few roads , the first gas station was opened in September 2005 , electricity is not well distributed , and the difficult terrain makes distribution of social welfare problematic . Despite its favourable climate , farming is hindered by the lack of infrastructure .

neg: Kyirong-Kagate language Kyirong-Kagate is a subgroup of Tibetic languages spoken primarily in Nepal , with a hundred or so speakers across the border in Tibet .   Varieties are :  Kyirong ( Lende ) , Kagate , Tsum , Langtang , Yolmo ( Helambu Sherpa ) , Nubri , Gyalsumdo   Although there is a varying degree of mutual intelligibility between these varieties , they are considered separate languages by their respective speakers . There are also some major distinctions . For example , Kyirong has a three-tone system whereas Yolmo and Kagate have a two-tone system . The Gyalsumdo language variety spoken in the Manage district of Nepal shows strong similarities to Kyirong , as well as Nubri , and would therefore likely be classed in the `` Kyirong-Kagate '' group .   See Yolmo language for a description of one of these varieties .

neg: Chasok Tangnam Chasok Tangnam is the most important festival of Limbu among other festivals . This festival falls on a full moon day of the month of Senchengla or the Mangsir month of Nepali calendar . `` Tangnam '' simply means festival in Limbu language . Along with the resurgence of Limbu identity , culture and nationalism , Limbus have started to celebrate Chasok Tangnam as an important festival of their calendar . Government of Nepal has allocated three days of Mangsir as Kirat Festival for Limbus to celebrate Chasok Tangnam . Expatriate Limbus in Hong Kong , United Kingdom , USA , UAE , Qatar , KSA , Canada , Korea and in many countries also celebrate Chasok Tangnam .

neg: Gelug The Gelug , Gelug-pa , dGe Lugs Pa , dge-lugs-pa or Dgelugspa is the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism . It was founded by Je Tsongkhapa ( 1357 -- 1419 ) , a philosopher and Tibetan religious leader . The first monastery he established was named Ganden , and to this day the Ganden Tripa is the nominal head of the school , though its most influential figure is the Dalai Lama . Allying themselves with the Mongols as a powerful patron , the Gelug emerged as the pre-eminent Buddhist school in Tibet since the end of the 16th century .   `` Ganden '' is the Tibetan rendition of the Sanskrit name `` Tushita '' , the Pure land associated with Maitreya Buddha . At first , Tsongkhapa 's school was called `` Ganden Choluk '' meaning `` the Spiritual Lineage of Ganden '' . By taking the first syllable of ` Ganden ' and the second of ` Choluk ' this was abbreviated to `` Galuk '' and then modified to the more easily pronounced `` Gelug '' .

neg: Lhasa Zhol Pillar The graceful stone pillar , the Lhasa Zhöl rdo-rings or Lhasa Zhol Pillar , also known as the Doring Chima , stood in the village of Shöl or Zhöl below the Potala Palace , in Lhasa , Tibet , China , dates as far back as circa 764 CE , `` or only a little later , '' and is inscribed with what may be the oldest known example of Tibetan writing .   The creation of the Tibetan script is traditionally attributed to Thonmi Sambhota who is said to have been sent to India early in the reign of Songsten Gampo where he devised an alphabet suitable for the Tibetan language by adapting elements of Indian scripts .   The pillar was erected during the reign of the early Tibetan emperor , Trisong Detsen ( 755 until 797 or 804 CE ) in the village of Zhol ( which has disappeared because of recent construction ) , which stood just before the Potala Palace . It was commissioned by the powerful minister Nganlam Takdra Lukhong , generally considered an opponent of Buddhism .

neg: Bangni-Tagin language Tagin ( Tagen ) , also known as West Dafla , and Bangni ( incl . Na ) are a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India .   Stuart Blackburn states that the 350 speakers of Mra have `` always been , wrongly , subsumed under the administrative label of Tagin . '' It is not clear if Mra is therefore a distinct dialect of Bangni-Tagin , or a different Tani language altogether .

neg: Hari Raj Limbu Hari Raj Limbu is a Nepalese politician , belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal ( Maoist ) . In April 2008 , he won the Dhankuta-2 seat in the Constituent Assembly election .

neg: Lhasa (disambiguation) Lhasa is the capital of Tibet Autonomous Region , China .   Lhasa may also refer to :  Lhasa ( prefecture-level city ) , the administrative region that surrounds Lhasa  Lhasa ( computing ) , a computer program used to decompress files  Lhasa de Sela , a singer  Lhasa Apso , a dog breed

neg: Nishi language Nishi ( also known as Nyishi , Nisi , Nishing , Nissi , Nyising , Bangni , Dafla , Daphla , Lel ) is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Tani branch spoken in lower Subansiri and East Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh and Darrang District of Assam in India . According to 1991 census of India the population of the Nishi speakers is 173,791 . The total population of Nishi speakers as per 1997 database is 261,000 including 37,300 Tagins . Though there are plenty of variations across regions , the dialects of Nishi , such as Tagin , are easily mutually intelligible . ` Nisi ' is sometimes used as a cover term for western Tani languages .   Nishi is a subject -- object -- verb language .

neg: Bhutia The Bhutia བ ད ར གས ( in Sikkim : Denzongpa / Drejongpa ; ; `` inhabitants of Denzong ; '' in Bhutan : Dukpa ) are a community of people of Tibetan ancestry , who speak Lhopo or Sikkimese , a Tibetan dialect fairly mutually intelligible to standard Tibetan . In 2001 , the Bhutia numbered around 70,300 . Bhutia here refers to Sikkimese and Nepalese of Tibetan ancestry ; in contrast , the Bhotiya are a larger family of related Tibetan peoples in northeastern Nepal of which the Bhutia are one member group .

neg: Limbuwan Limbuwan is an area of the Himalaya historically made up of 10 Limbu kingdoms , all now part of Nepal . Limbuwan means `` abode of the Limbus '' or `` Land of the Limbus '' . Limbus themselves call Limbuwan `` Yakthung Laaje '' or `` the country of the Yakthungs '' ( see History of Limbuwan ) .   Today , Limbuwan comprises the districts of Taplejung , Panchthar , Ilam , Jhapa , Terhathum , Sankhuwasabha , Dhankuta , Sunsari and Morang . Limbuwan is the land east of the Arun and Koshi Rivers and west of Kanchenjunga Mountain and the Mechi River . The seat of power is Kathmandu and western Nepalese refer to Limbuwan as the Pallo Kirant region or far Kirant , due to its distance from Kathmandu .

neg: Phajoding Monastery Phajoding Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Bhutan .  Phajoding Monastery is a 3-hour hike from the nearest road and is located above Bhutan 's capital , Thimphu . It was once one of the richest and most decorated monasteries in the country however due to years of neglect and the encroachment of development , it was watch listed in 2010 by the World Monuments Fund as one of five endangered cultural monuments that need most help in the world .   The Phajoding monastery site was founded in the 13 th Century by Phajo Drugom Zhigpo ( 1184-1251 ) , the Tibetan lama who spread the Drukpa Kagyu teachings of Buddhism in Bhutan and known as the ` current of compassion ' . It is one of the most sacred meditational sites in Bhutan .  Most of the buildings at Phajoding however were constructed in 1748 by Gyelwa Shakya Rinchen ( 1710-1759 ) , the 9th Je Khenpo ( rje mkhan po ) who is considered to be the reincarnation of Rechungpa , the heart disciple of Milarepa . His reincarnation is currently studying at the Nalanda Buddhist Institute in Punakha in central Bhutan .   The Phajoding monastery has a devoted community of over 80 young , impoverished monks who faithfully carry on the spiritual traditions set down by the founder of this sacred site , Phajo Drugom Zhigpo . It also serves as a refuge for disadvantaged boys .   Over a half of these young monks do not receive the minimal Government stipend and coupled with the many more young boys from poor rural families wishing to join the Phajoding Monastic community , the monastery is unable to provide for their basic needs . Due to the limits on Government funding , it is impossible to increase Phajoding 's capacity to care for more disadvantaged young boys without external sponsorship .   Raising awareness of this sacred meditational site   The monks at this monastery have moved into the 21st Century and have embraced social media in a positive way to raise awareness of the financial needs at this monastery . Their project is known as `` The Phajoding Monastery Project '' . More information can be found on their website : www.phajodingmonastery.com   OR on the following social media links which they run :   Twitter : https://twitter.com/Phajoding   Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/PhajodingMonastery   Flickr : https://www.flickr.com/photos/phajodingproject/   PInterest : http://pinterest.com/phajoding/phajoding-monastery-project   The goals of their project are to :   provide compassionate care and education for orphaned and disadvantaged boys within a holistic curriculum .  provide for the basic needs of these boys ( including a sense of family and belonging )  model the importance of the values and actions of compassion , gifting , sharing and trust .   The project has gained a lot of support from within and outside Bhutan .   Category : Buddhist monasteries in Bhutan  Category : Tibetan Buddhist monasteries  Category : Tibetan Buddhism in Bhutan

neg: Khri ma lod Empress Khri ma lod ( or Thrimalö ) was an unofficial co-ruler of the Tibetan empire , 675-689 and 704-712 CE .   Khri ma lod was married to emperor Mangsong Mangtsen ( Trimang Löntsen '' ' or Khri-mang-slon-rtsan ) . The emperor died in the winter of 676-677 , and in the same year she gave birth to the emperor 's son Tridu Songtsen ( Khri ` dus-srong btsan or Khri - ` dus-srong-rtsan ) .   The Zhangzhung revolted early in her son 's reign . She shared power with the Gar ( Mgar ) clan . When her son Tridu campaigned in the northeast 700-4 CE , she resumed her administrative regency at home .   Khri ma lod gave birth to Gyältsugru ( Rgyal-gtsug-ru ) in 704 . Upon the death of Tridu Songtsen that year , Khri ma lod ruled as regent again for his half-brother . The following year the elder son of Tridu Songtsen , Lha Balpo ( Lha Bal-pho '' ) apparently contested the succession of his one-year-old brother , but was `` deposed from the throne '' at Pong Lag-rang .   Khri ma lod had arranged for a royal marriage of Gyältsugru to a Chinese princess . The Princess Jincheng ( Tibetan : Kyimshang Kongjo ) arrived in 710 , but it is somewhat unclear whether she married the seven-year-old Gyältsugru or the deposed Lha Balpo .   Khri ma lod died in 712 . Gyältsugru was then officially enthroned with the royal name Tride Tsuktsän . Khri ma lod remains the only woman in Tibetan history to rule Tibet .

neg: Tibetan srang The srang ( pronounced `` sang '' ; in Tibetan often referred to as `` dngul srang '' i.e. `` silver srang '' ) was a currency of Tibet between 1909 and 1959 . It circulated alongside the tangka until the 1950s . It was divided into 10 sho , each of 10 skar , with the tangka equal to 15 skar ( 1 srang = 6 2/3 tangka ) .   Originally the srang was a weight unit , particularly to weigh silver and gold . It was equivalent to the Chinese liang ( tael ) , i.e. to about 37.5 grams .   The srang first appeared as a silver coin in 1909 when Tibet began issuing a variety of denominations rather than only issuing the tangka . These 1 srang silver coins of 18.5 g were minted at Dode . The 1 srang coins were struck till 1919 . Silver 1 1/2 srang coins of 5 g were struck in Tapchi mint between 1936 and 1938 and again in 1946 . Silver 3 srang coins of 11.3 g were struck in Tapchi mint between 1933 and 1938 and again in 1946 . Billon coins of 10 srang were issued from Dogu mint between 1948 and 1952 . Gold coins of 20 srang were struck in Ser-Khang mint between 1918 and 1921 . In 1939 the first Tibetan banknotes appeared denominated in srang ( notes of 100 `` tam srang '' ; later the denomination was changed from `` tam srang '' to `` srang '' ) . Subsequently the Tibetan government issued banknotes of 5 , 10 and 25 srang .   In 1954 a silver coin was struck for distribution to monks . Although this coin was the last tangka issue , it was valued at 5 srang and was the last silver coin to be struck in Tibet .   The last Tibetan copper coins ( 5 sho = 1/2 srang ) were issued in 1953 , while 100 srang notes were issued in large numbers until 1959 .

neg: Laka, Tibet Laka is a village in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China .

neg: Langtang National Park The Langtang National Park is the fourth national park in Nepal and was established in 1976 as the first Himalayan national park . The protected area exceeds an altitudinal range of 6450 m and covers an area of 1710 km2 in the Nuwakot , Rasuwa and Sindhulpalchok districts of the central Himalayan region encompassing 26 Village Development Committees . It is linked with the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve in Tibet . The high altitude sacred lake of Gosainkunda falls within the park . The Gosainkunda lake ( 4300 m ) and the Dorje Lakpa range ( 6988 m ) bisect the park from east -- west to south -- east . The summit of Langtang Lirung ( 7245 m ) is the highest point in the park .   The northern and eastern border of the national park coincide with the international border to Tibet . The western boundary follows the rivers Bhote Kosi and Trisuli . The southern border lies 32 km north of the Kathmandu Valley .   This protected area represents both Indo-Malayan and Palearctic ecozones .

neg: Meitei language Meitei -LSB- ˈməɪtəɪ -RSB- ( also Manipuri -LSB- mənᵻˈpʊri -RSB- , Meithei , Meetei , Meiteilon ) is the predominant language and lingua franca in the southeastern Himalayan state of Manipur , in northeastern India . It is the official language in government offices . Meitei is also spoken in the Indian states of Assam and Tripura , and in Bangladesh and Burma ( now Myanmar ) . It is currently classified as a vulnerable language by UNESCO .   Meitei is a Tibeto-Burman language whose exact classification remains unclear . It has lexical resemblances to Kuki and Tangkhul Naga .   The Meitei language has proven to be an integrating factor among all ethnic groups in Manipur who use it to communicate among themselves . It has been recognised ( under the name Manipuri ) by the Indian Union and has been included in the list of scheduled languages ( included in the 8th schedule by the 71st amendment of the constitution in 1992 ) . Meitei is taught as a subject up to the post-graduate level ( Ph.D. ) in universities of India , apart from being a medium of instruction up to the undergraduate level in Manipur . Education in government schools is provided in Meitei through the eighth standard .

neg: Akha language Akha is the language spoken by the Akha people of southern China ( Yunnan Province ) , eastern Burma ( Shan State ) , northern Laos , and northern Thailand .   Western scholars group Akha , Hani and Honi into the Hani languages , treating all three as separate mutually unintelligible , but closely related , languages . The Hani languages are , in turn , classified in the Hanoish branch of Loloish . Alternatively , Chinese linguists consider all Hani languages , including Akha , to be dialects of a single language in accordance with China 's official classification of ethnic groups , which groups all speakers of Hani languages into one ethnicity .   Speakers of Akha live in remote mountainous areas where it has developed into a wide-ranging dialect continuum . Dialects from villages separated by as little as ten kilometers may show marked differences . The isolated nature of Akha communities has also resulted in several villages with divergent dialects . Dialects from extreme ends of the continuum and the more divergent dialects are mutually unintelligible .


query: Adolf Dassler was the founder of the company Adidas.

pos: Adolf Dassler Adolf `` Adi '' Dassler ( 3 November 1900 -- 6 September 1978 ) was the founder of the German sportswear company Adidas , and the younger brother of Rudolf Dassler , founder of Puma .

neg: International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences or IADAS is an international organization founded in 1998 in New York City to help drive the creative , technical , and professional progress of the Internet and evolving forms of interactive and new media .

neg: Claude Dornier Claude ( Claudius ) Honoré Désiré Dornier born in Kempten im Allgäu ( May 14 , 1884 -- December 5 , 1969 ) was a German airplane builder and founder of Dornier GmbH . His legacy remains in the aircraft named after him , including the 12-engine Dornier Do X flying boat , for decades the world 's largest and most powerful airplane .

neg: Alto Adige Alto Adige ( in French Haute Adige ) is the name of an alpine region that was first created by the Napoleonic French in order to distinguish this Italian-speaking area ( at the start of the XIX century ) from the Austrian empire 's Tyrol ( located directly north ) .

neg: Messter Film Messter Film was a German film production company which operated during the silent era . It was founded by the German film pioneer Oskar Messter who already owned a chain of cinemas . It was based in Berlin which had energed as the centre of the German film industry . Messter quickly established itself as dominant force in German production , particularly during the boom years of the First World War when foreign films faced many restrictions in Germany . Messter played a prominent role in the development of the German feature film , moving away from the shorter running times which had been standard in the early years of cinema . Messter also produced its own newsreels . In 1917 the company became part of the large conglomerate Universum Film AG ( UFA ) which brought together many of the leading German companies in a single , powerful organisation . Messter continued to produce films as an individual unit of the UFA umbrella .

neg: American Fur Company The American Fur Company ( AFC ) was founded in 1808 , by John Jacob Astor , a German immigrant to the United States . During the 18th century , furs had become a major commodity in Europe , and North America became a major supplier . Several British companies , most notably the North West Company and the Hudson 's Bay Company , were eventual competitors against Astor and capitalized on the lucrative trade in furs . Astor capitalized on anti-British sentiments and his commercial strategies to become one of the first trusts in American business and a major competitor to the British commercial dominance in North American fur trade . Expanding into many former British fur-trapping regions and trade routes , the company grew to monopolize the fur trade in the United States by 1830 , and became one of the largest and wealthiest businesses in the country .   Astor planned for several companies planned to function across the Great Lakes , the Great Plains and the Oregon Country to gain control of the North American fur trade . Comparatively inexpensive manufactured goods were to be shipped to commercial stations for trade with various Indigenous nations for fur pelts . The sizable number of furs collected would then be brought to the port of Guangzhou , as pelts were in high demand in the Qing Empire . Chinese products would in turn be purchased for resale throughout Europe and the United States . A beneficial agreement with the Russian-American Company was also planned through the regular supply of provisions for posts in Russian America . This was planned in part to prevent the rival Montreal based North West Company ( NWC ) to gain a presence along the Pacific Coast , a prospect neither Russian colonial authorities or Astor favored .   Demand for furs in Europe began to decline during the early 19th century , leading to the stagnation of the fur trade by the mid-19th century . Astor left his company in 1830 , the company declared bankruptcy in 1842 , and the American Fur Company ultimately ceased trading in 1847 .

neg: Dassault Group Dassault Group ( -LSB- daˈso -RSB- ; GIMD , Groupe Dassault , or the Groupe Industriel Marcel Dassault S.A. ) is a France-based group of companies established in 1929 with the creation of Dassault Aviation by Marcel Dassault , and led by son Serge Dassault with cofounder of Dassault Systèmes Charles Edelstenne , and currently Dassault Aviation Chairman and CEO is Éric Trappier .

neg: Aryan Games The Aryan Games ( Arische Spiele ) were a proposed replacement for the Olympic Games in the Third Reich . Proposed by Nazi sports organizer Carl Diem and subsequently adopted by Adolf Hitler , these multi-sport games were supposed to be housed permanently in Nuremberg at the planned `` German Stadium '' , that had been designed by Nazi architect Albert Speer , but was never built .   The idea was originally entertained in 1939 by Carl Diem , chief organizer of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin , who ahead of the 1936 Olympics was already noted for claiming that `` Germanics may only be defeated by other Germanics , '' which obviously turned out not to be the case . The idea was subsequently adopted by Hitler , who told Albert Speer that once the German Stadium was built , there would be no more Olympic Games , only the Aryan Games .

neg: Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. Garbe , Lahmeyer & Co. ( until 1938 also known as : DEW - Deutsche Elektrizitäts-Werke zu Aachen ) is a former electrical engineering company in Aachen .   The company was founded in 1886 by Wilhelm Lahmeyer in Aachen as Deutsche Elektrizitäts-Werke zu Aachen , Garbe , Lahmeyer & Co. . Lahmeyer left the company only a few years later , but the company still used his name . From 1938 the company was known as Garbe , Lahmeyer & Co. ( GL ) .   GL produced all sorts of electric motors , electric generators , alternators , starters , motor -- generator , and other electrical equipment . During World War II , GL was one of the suppliers of electric motors for Type VIIC U-boats .   In 1973 GL was taken over by CGEE Alsthom .   Production under the GL label stopped around 1993 .

neg: Lidl Lidl Stiftung & Co. . KG ( -LSB- ˈliːdl̩ -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈlɪdəl -RSB- ) , formerly Schwarz Unternehmenstreuhand KG , is a German global discount supermarket chain , based in Neckarsulm , Germany , that operates over 10,000 stores across Europe and expanded to the United States in 2017 . It belongs to the holding company Schwarz Gruppe , which also owns the store chains Handelshof and hypermarket Kaufland .   Lidl is the chief competitor of the similar German discount chain Aldi .

neg: Steilmann Steilmann was a German textile group which had its headquarters in Wattenscheid and at its 1998 peak employed over 18,000 people . After near-bankruptcy in 2006 broke up the group , some parts continue to use the Steilmann name .   Founded in 1958 by Klaus Steilmann ( 1929 -- 2009 ) , the Steilmann Group at its peak in 1998 employed over 18,000 people in 14 countries , and had turnover of nearly 1.5 bn DM . With increasing difficulties from increased competition in the sector after 1998 , Steilmann narrowly avoided bankruptcy in 2006 , its parts being sold to the Radici Group ( Miro Radici AG ) , which had previously acquired parts of Steilmann , including Steilmann Eastern Europe in 2003 .   Klaus Steilmann died on 13 November 2009 .

neg: Albino Souza Cruz Albino Sousa Cruz ( 1869 in Santa Eulália da Palmeira , Santo Tirso -- 1962 in Rio de Janeiro ) was a Brazilian businessman , founder of Souza Cruz , later ( and to this day ) the subsidiary of British American Tobacco in Brazil .   Born in a small hinterland village in Portugal , he emigrated on November 15 , 1885 , landing in Rio de Janeiro . There he worked for 18 years in a tobacco factory , Fábrica de Fumos Veado . At age 33 , having saved some earnings and acquired a solid knowledge of the trade , he established a small manufacture of paper wrapped cigarettes , which were then a novelty . Production soon reached industrial scale , and Souza Cruz became the CEO of Brazil 's biggest tobacco company .   Souza Cruz 's cigarettes were often branded in feminine names , such as Yolanda , Dalila , Rosita or Marly , and their ads featured sensual women ( for instance , Yolanda Alencar , who featured the ads for the cigarettes branded after her ) . Other innovative marketing techniques were used , such as vouchers included in the packs that could be exchanged by prizes .   He retired in 1962 and died in 1966 . At the time of his death the first controversies about the health issues related to tobacco were spreading ; he was not a smoker .

neg: Academy for German Law The Academy for German Law ( Akademie für deutsches Recht ) was an institute founded in 1933 in Nazi Germany on the initiative of Hans Frank . After 11 July 1934 , it was a public corporation of the Reich . It was financed largely by business donations . The academy 's members were prominent representatives of politics , business and academia , including Hermann Göring , Joseph Goebbels , Carl Bosch , Friedrich Flick , Carl Schmitt , and Hans Carl Nipperdey ; its presidents were Hans Frank ( 1933 -- 1943 ) and Otto Georg Thierack ( 1942 -- 1945 ) .   Frank 's original goal for the academy -- influence on National Socialist legislation -- did not prevail because the ministerial bureaucracies successfully defended their prerogatives . The academy developed extensive representative and publishing activities . By holding attractive international congresses , it contributed to the reputation of the Third Reich . Its committees attempted to develop the foundations for a new NS law ( Volk Law Code ) .

neg: Adidas SC Adidas SC is a Samoan football club based in Almagoto . It currently plays in the Samoa National League . The club also runs a women 's team .

neg: Proto-industrialization Proto-industrialization ( also spelled proto-industrialisation ) was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded , and created conditions for , the establishment of fully industrial societies . Proto-industrialisation is generally referred to the phase before industrialisation . Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production , mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists . It was an effective method of production which was controlled by merchants and had links to developing European consumerism . However , the phase was not observed across Europe , and nor did it always smoothly transition into the Industrial Revolution proper .   The term was coined by F. F. Mendels in 1972 ,  though a UNESCO colloquium on the 10th anniversary of the deaths of Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin and published in 1971 discusses `` the basis for proto-industrialization '' .   The applicability of proto-industrialization in Europe has since been challenged . M.J. Daunton , for example , argues that proto-industrialisation `` excludes too much '' to fully explain the expansion of industry : not only do proponents of proto-industrialisation ignore the vital town-based industries in pre-industrial economies , but also ignores `` rural and urban industry based upon non-domestic organisation , '' referring to how mines , mills , forges and furnaces fit into the agrarian economy .   Initially using surplus labor available during slow periods of the agricultural seasons , proto-industrialization led to specialization - not only in industrial production but also in commercial agricultural production . This allowed reciprocal trade favored by regional economies of scale . It resulted in accumulation of capital and in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills by merchant capitalists , which facilitated the development of large-scale , and capital-intensive production methods in the full industrialization phase that followed .   Proto-industrialization sparked social changes in traditional agrarian societies that would become more marked during full industrialization , such as greater independence of women and children , who gained a means of income separate from the family subsistence farm . During this phase of industrialisation , machines were not used . They were not even invented at that time . People could only use their hands or any hand-made material to produce required goods .

neg: Dekra DEKRA is a vehicle inspection company founded in Berlin , Germany in 1925 as Deutscher Kraftfahrzeug-Überwachungs-Verein ( German Motor Vehicle Inspection Association ) . With approximately 36,000 employees and revenues of roughly $ 1.9 billion , DEKRA is the largest inspection company in Germany and the third-largest in the world . By its own account , it is the European market leader . The group focuses on the inspection of vehicles and technical systems , but also offers other services . DEKRA has had its headquarters in Stuttgart since 1946 . Business operations are carried out by DEKRA SE , which is wholly owned by DEKRA e. V.

neg: Corps Hannovera Göttingen thumb | Bismarck 1836   The Corps Hannovera Göttingen is one of the oldest German Student Corps , a Studentenverbindung or student corporation founded on January 18 , 1809 at the Georg August University of Göttingen by students like Georg Kloss . The name was chosen because the founders had their home residences in the Kingdom of Hanover . As a corps it is a founder member ( 1848 ) of the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband ( KSCV ) , the oldest governing body of such student associations in both Germany and Austria .   Hannovera commits itself still to the principles of academic fencing as well as the common principles of tolerance and democracy shared by all Corps of the KSCV . Its members wear red and blue couleur ( red cap and tricoloured sash ) on official occasions . Hannovera 's Latin motto is Nunquam retrorsum , fortes adiuvat fortuna ! ( engl : Never backward , fortune favours the bold ) .   Corps Hannovera officially regards the 18th of January 1809 as its founding date though it can be proved that there were similar gatherings of Hanoverian students in Göttingen as far back as 1735 .   Corps Hannovera is also a founding member and stringent follower of the `` blaues Prinzip '' or blue principle ( along with fellow cartel Corps Teutonia Marburg and Lusatia Leipzig ) . The blue principle is a social principle which consists of the promotion of gentlemanly conduct and social behaviour in general . Flowing from these ideals Corps Hannovera host several social events in their club house ( Corpshaus ) which are generally regarded as some of the most coveted and exclusive social occasions in Göttingen .  The most famous member of Hannovera was Otto von Bismarck , who probably had the `` wildest '' time of his life in the course of his studies at Göttingen university , where , owing to his excessive boisterousness , he was forced to live outside the town walls and was once placed under arrest for a period of ten days in the university jail ( in German : Karzer ) .   Other famous members of Corps Hanovera Göttingen were general Friedrich Balduin von Gagern , the leader of the liberal opposition in the Reichstag , Rudolf von Bennigsen and the German economist Wilhelm Roscher . Furthermore , poet Ernst Schulze , botanist Heinrich Wendland , surgeon Louis Stromeyer , geologist Otto Volger , fisheries expert Walther Herwig , the Imperial German ambassador to China and Japan Alfons Mumm von Schwarzenstein and Wolfgang Kapp .   The Corps has some members from the United Kingdom and the United States . One of them was the later physician Mitchell Campbell King from South Carolina , who belonged to the circle of Bismarcks American friends in Göttingen .  During his stay at Göttingen 1856 John Pierpont Morgan joined the Corps , but was not a full fledged member since he wanted to avoid a smite . Others have worked in the US and Canada like surgeon Hinrich Bitter-Suermann .

neg: Stadler Form Stadler Form Aktiengesellschaft is a Swiss company that designs , develops , and manufactures home and climate appliances . Its headquarters is at Zug , Switzerland .

neg: Basler (fashion) Basler is a German fashion brand founded in Berlin , Germany in 1936 .   Fritz Basler GmbH & Co. . KG was founded by Fritz Basler and his wife Elisabeth , with manufacturing in Kreuzberg , and management in management relocated to Berlin-Charlottenburg . In 1959 , manufacturing moved to Aschaffenburg , Bavaria .

neg: Andrés Navarro Haeussler Andrés Navarro Haeussler ( born in Santiago de Chile , November 30 , 1948 ) is a Chilean businessman .   He was born in Santiago de Chile , studied at the Colegio San Ignacio and the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile , where he graduated as Industrial Engineer .   In 1974 he founded the company Sonda SA , a leading IT services provider in Latin America. , which is present in 9 countries of the region ( Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador , Mexico , Peru and Uruguay ) and has with about 10 000 employees .  Today , Andrés Navarro is President and CEO of Sonda , a position he has held for 36 years . He is also Director of SalfaCorp and a shareholder in AFP Modelo and Banco Internacional , among other companies . He is a member of the Board of Universidad San Sebastián ( USS ) .   Andrés Navarro Haeussler was formerly Chairman of the Teletón Foundation , Director of LAN Airlines , Chilevisión , Viña Santa Rita , Chairman of Clinica Las Condes among other companies and institutions .   In his career he has received numerous awards , among which are Icare Award , Entrepreneur of the Year ( 2003 ) , Ignaciano of the Year ( 2009 ) , Business Center Award of Santiago Chamber of Commerce ( 2009 ) , and College of Engineering of Chile Prize ( 2010 ) .

neg: Tiger of Sweden Tiger of Sweden was founded 1903 in the Swedish town Uddevalla , by the tailors Markus Schwarmann and Hjalmar Nordström . It is a classical menswear brand . Tiger of Sweden began during the 1990s to develop suits attractive to the young and trendy inner-city crowd .   Its line of products include clothes , shoes and spectacles . Tiger of Sweden is sold across Europe , South Africa and in Canada . The Silver Label is the more fashion forward or directional product and is quite limited in distribution . The Black Label is styled for a slimmer fashion conscious male .   Tiger of Sweden has three main brands : Men , Women & Jeans Collection .   The company was sold to the Danish clothing company IC Group in 2003 .