query: Margot Frank is the daughter of a German businessman.

pos: Otto Frank Otto Heinrich `` Pim '' Frank ( 12 May 1889 -- 19 August 1980 ) was a German businessman , who later became a resident of the Netherlands and Switzerland . He was the father of Anne and Margot Frank . As the sole member of his family to survive the Holocaust , he inherited Anne 's manuscripts after her death , arranged for the publication of her diary as The Diary of a Young Girl in 1947 , and oversaw its transition to the stage and screen .

pos: Margot Frank Margot Betty Frank ( February 16 , 1926 -- February 1945 ) was the eldest daughter of Otto Frank and Edith Frank and the older sister of Anne Frank . Margot 's deportation order from the Gestapo hastened the Frank family into hiding . According to the diary of her younger sister , Anne , Margot kept a diary of her own , but no trace of Margot 's diary has ever been found . She died in Bergen-Belsen .

neg: Lisa Frank Lisa Frank is an American businesswoman , the founder of Lisa Frank Incorporated , headquartered in Tucson , Arizona . She is known for producing whimsical commercial design for school supplies and other products that are primarily marketed to children , particularly female ones .

neg: Otto Hellmuth Otto Hellmuth ( July 22 , 1896 -- April 20 , 1968 ) was a member of the Nazi Party .   Born at Markt Einersheim , he was Gauleiter of the German region of Lower Franconia ( Unterfranken ) from 1928 to 1945 . His home and office were in Würzburg , the capital of the Gau Mainfranken . By 1935 , Hellmuth had his Gau renamed as Mainfranken . After World War II , the region 's original name was reinstated . He entered service as a Kriegsfreiwilliger , assigned successively to 9 . Bayerisches Infanterie-Regiment , 4 . Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment , and 8 . Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment . He was wounded in action four times during World War I . He returned to Germany in October , 1918 after being severely gassed .   In 1928 , Hellmuth became Gauleiter of Lower Franconia . Three weeks before the first nationwide anti-Jewish boycott began in 1933 , Hellmuth already forced the closing of Jewish-owned stores and offices in Würzburg . As a private residence , he acquired the house of a Jewish pharmacist . When the Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin of Mainfranken paid Passau a formal visit , with a delegation of activists , Margarethe Schneider-Reichel presented them with a painting of Hellmuth .   Over most of his term , Hellmuth was not an impressive personality . Joseph Goebbels saw him as `` a most retiring unassuming Gauleiter in whom one had not too much confidence . '' However , Hellmuth defended his Gau vigorously in the spring of 1945 , as Goebbels noted in his diary on April 2 .   In 1947 , Hellmuth was accused of complicity in the murders of Allied aircraft pilots . He was tried at Dachau and sentenced to death . This sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment . He was released in 1955 .   Hellmuth killed himself on April 20 , 1968 in Reutlingen .

neg: Franciscus Franciscus is a Latin given name , originally an epithet meaning `` the Frank , the Frenchman '' .  It was applied to Saint Francis of Assisi ( 1181/82 -- 1226 ) .  Francis had been baptized Giovanni ( John ) ; his father was Italian and his mother Provençale ( at the time not considered French ) ; his father was on business in France when he was born , and when he returned to Assisi , he began to call his son by the nickname Francesco , in the opinion of G. K. Chesterton possibly because out of a general enthusiasm for all things French , or because of his commercial success in France .  After the canonization of Saint Francis of Assisi in 1228 , the custom of naming children after saints led to the popularization of Franciscus as a given name . In the vernaculars of western Europe , the name diversified into the forms Francesco ( Italian ) , Francisco ( Spanish and Portuguese ) , Francesc ( Catalan ) , François ( Old French Franceis , whence English Francis ) , Franz ( German , whence Hungarian Ferenc , Scandinavian and Dutch Frans ) ; besides Frans , the Latin form remains commonly given in Dutch .   Franciscus may serve as the latinization of any of these given names ; conversely , Francis may serve as the anglicization of anyone called Franciscus .   People called Franciscus include :

neg: Bruno Frank Bruno Frank ( Stuttgart , June 13 , 1887 - Beverly Hills , June 20 , 1945 ) was a German author , poet , dramatist , and humanist .   Frank studied law and philosophy in Munich , where he later worked as a dramatist and novelist until the Reichstag fire in 1933 . Persecuted by the government because of his Jewish heritage , he left Nazi Germany with his wife , Liesl , daughter of famed operetta diva Fritzi Massary . They lived for four years in Austria and England , then in 1937 finally went to the USA , where he was reunited with his friends Heinrich Mann and Thomas Mann . Frank is considered part of the group of anti-nazi writers whose works constitute German Exilliteratur . He continued to write , producing two novels , and worked in the film industry for the rest of his life .   Frank wrote the screenplay for the popular movie version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame ( 1939 film ) , directed by William Dieterle and starring Charles Laughton , based on the novel by Victor Hugo . Frank 's play , Sturm Im Wasserglas , was posthumously made into a movie directed by Josef von Báky in 1960 .   His nephew Anthony M. Frank became United States Postmaster General in 1988 .   On his death in 1945 of a heart attack , Bruno Frank was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale , California .

neg: Victor Kugler Victor Kugler ( 5 June 1900 , Hohenelbe/Vrchlab í -- 14 December 1981 , Toronto ) was one of the people who helped hide Anne Frank and her family and friends during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands . In Anne Frank 's posthumously published diary , The Diary of a Young Girl , he was referred to under the name Mr. Kraler .   Born in Hohenelbe ( now Vrchlabí ) in the German-speaking part of Köninggrätz region ( Královéhradecký kraj/Hradec Králové Region ) , north-eastern Bohemia , Austria-Hungary to Emma Kugler . Now in the Czech Republic ) , he joined the Austro-Hungarian Navy during the First World War once his education was completed , but was discharged in 1918 after being wounded . He moved to Germany and worked as an electrician , then in 1920 moved to Utrecht , the Netherlands to work for a company selling pectin . He joined the Amsterdam branch of Opekta as Otto Frank 's deputy in 1924 . He became a Dutch citizen in May 1938 . In 1940 this allowed him to prevent the Nazi confiscation of Opekta and he accepted the directorship of the business , renamed Gies and Co , from Otto Frank . He and his wife Laura Maria Buntenbach-Kugler ( 10 May 1895 - 6 December 1952 ) lived in Hilversum during the war , a distance of about sixteen miles from Amsterdam .   From July 1942 to August 1944 he aided his colleagues Miep Gies , Johannes Kleiman and Bep Voskuijl in the concealment of eight people , including Anne Frank , in a sealed-off annexe in their office premises on Amsterdam 's Prinsengracht . He was arrested by the Gestapo on 4 August 1944 , by Karl Silberbauer .   He was interrogated at the Gestapo Headquarters on the Euterpestraat , then transferred the same day to a prison for Jews and ` political prisoners ' awaiting deportation on the Amstelveenseweg . On 7 September he was moved to the prison on Weteringschans , in a cell with people sentenced to death . This was followed , four days later on September 11 , by a transport to a concentration camp in Amersfoort where he was selected for transport to Germany . On 17 September the Amersfoort train station was destroyed in a bombing ( Arnhem Air Raid ) and on 26 September , he and around 1100 other men were taken to Zwolle for forced labour , digging anti-tank trenches .  Kugler was moved again on 30 December 1944 , to Wageningen for forced labour digging under the German S.A. ( Brownshirts or Storm Troopers ) until 28 March 1945 , when some 600 prisoners were marched from Wageningen through Renkum , Heelsum , Oosterbeek , Arnhem , and Westervoort , to Zevenaar with the intention of going on to Germany the following day . There was a bombing raid during the march and Kugler took advantage of the confusion to escape . He was hidden by a farmer for a few days , borrowed a bicycle and made his way back to Hilversum , where he lived , and which he reached in April 1945 . He hid there in his own house until the liberation of the Netherlands on 5 May 1945 .   His wife , Laura Kugler , died on 6 December 1952 and three years later he married Lucie ( Loes ) van Langen . The couple moved to Canada , where the brother , sister and mother of Lucie already resided . On 16 September 1958 , Kugler appeared as a guest challenger on the TV panel show To Tell The Truth .   In 1973 he received the Yad Vashem Medal of the Righteous among the Nations and in 1977 the Canadian Anti-Defamation League awarded him a 10,000 dollar prize in recognition for his assistance in the hiding of the Frank and van Pels families .

neg: Franken (surname) Franken is a Dutch patronymic surname , meaning `` son of Frank '' . People with this name include :   Al Franken ( born 1951 ) , American politician , writer and comedian  Bernard Franken ( 1914 -- 2001 ) , Dutch racing cyclist  Björn Franken ( born 1983 ) , Dutch record producer , songwriter and DJ  Bob Franken ( born 1941 ) , American journalist  Charlotte Franken ( 1894 -- 1969 ) , British feminist author  Christian Franken / Francken ( c. 1550 -- 1610 ) , German Jesuit and later Unitarian  Giovanni Franken ( born 1977 ) , Dutch footballer  Henk Franken ( born 1987 ) , Namibian rugby player  Henry Franken ( born 1966 ) , Dutch engineer and enterprise architect  Lex Franken ( born 1916 ) , Dutch water polo player  Mannus Franken ( 1899 -- 1953 ) , Dutch filmmaker  Max Franken , Dutch rock drummer  Paul Franken ( 1894 -- 1944 ) , German Socialist politician  Peter Franken ( 1928 -- 1999 ) , American physicist  ( 1941 -- 1983 ) , Dutch jazz pianist and organist  Rose Franken ( 1895 -- 1988 ) , American author and playwright  Steve Franken ( 1932 -- 2012 ) , American actor  Tony Franken ( born 1965 ) , Australian soccer goalkeeper  ( 1948 -- 1996 ) , American fashion model  Wilhelm Franken ( 1914 -- 1945 ) , German U-boat commander  Will Franken ( born 1973 ) , American comedian and actor  Wim Franken ( 1922 -- 2012 ) , Dutch composer , pianist and carillonneur

neg: Rintfleisch massacres The Rintfleisch or Rindfleisch movement was a series of massacres against Jews in the year 1298 . The event , in later terminology a pogrom , was the first large-scale persecutions in Germany since the First Crusade .   It was set in the Franconian region during the civil strife between the elected King of the Romans , Count Adolf of Nassau , and his Habsburg rival Duke Albert of Austria , when Imperial authority , traditionally concerned with the protection of the Jews , had temporarily collapsed . Already in 1287 the death of Werner of Oberwesel in the Rhineland had been blamed on Jews and about 500 were killed in revenge , followed by a series of blood libels . When finally King Adolf was deposed and killed in the Battle of Göllheim on 2 July 1298 , the Franconian nobility gathered at Albert 's election in Frankfurt .   When at the same time the Jews in the Hohenlohe town of Röttingen were accused of having obtained and desecrated a consecrated host , one `` Lord Rindtfleisch '' , who the sources refer to either as an impoverished knight or -- more probably -- a butcher ( the term Rindfleisch means `` beef '' in modern German spelling ) , gathered a mob around him and burned the Röttingen Jews on Sunday , April 20 . Rintfleisch declared to have received a mandate from heaven to avenge the sacrilege and exterminate the Jews . The Colmar Dominican Rudolph refers to him in Latin as a carnifex , i.e. butcher or executioner , but it is not clear if Rudolph meant his original profession , or his behaviour as a slaughterer of the Jews . According to contemporary sources the Lord of Röttingen , Kraft von Hohenlohe , was encumbered with debts to Jewish lenders .   After this , he and his mob went from town to town and killed all Jews that fell under their control , destroying the Jewish communities at Rothenburg ob der Tauber , Würzburg , Bamberg , Dinkelsbühl , Nördlingen and Forchheim . In the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg , the Jews sought refuge in the fortress and were assisted by the Christian citizens , but Rintfleisch overcame the defenders and butchered the Jews on 1 August . The Nürnberger Memorbuch contains the names of thousands of murdered Jews in numerous cities , among them Mordechai ben Hillel , a pupil of Meir of Rothenburg , with his wife and children . The communities at Regensburg and Augsburg alone escaped the mass killing , as they were protected by the cities ' magistrates . Spreading from Franconia to Bavaria and Austria , the persecutors destroyed 146 communities , about 20,000 Jews were killed .   The Austrian Chronicle of 95 Seigneurs about 100 years later alleged that King Albert I finally had Rintfleisch arrested and hanged . The cities in which Jews had been killed were required to pay fines to the king .

neg: Irene Frisch Irene Frisch has written many articles and stories about her childhood in Poland , surviving the Holocaust , living in Israel and then in the United States . Most of her stories are on her website www.AnneFrankAndMe.com .   Her stories are also printed in the book `` Give Me The Children '' , co-written with her sister Pola Arbiser . Her stories have been printed in newspapers and magazines including The New York Post , and the book Chicken Soup for the Jewish Soul .   Irene Frisch was born Irene Bienstock in Drohobycz , Poland ( now Ukraine ) and survived the Holocaust in hiding . She is the daughter of Jacob and Sarah Bienstock . She , her sister Pola and mother were hidden for 2 and a half years in the apartment of Frania Swobodka , a woman who was the girls ' nanny before the war . Irene 's story `` My Christmas Story '' is about the night Miss Swobodka rescued her from the Drohobycz Ghetto in 1941 .   After liberation , Irene lived in Poland , Germany , Israel and since 1960 the New York metropolitan area . She attended high school in Poland and college at the University of Heidelberg ( Germany ) and Hebrew University in Jerusalem . She also obtained a master 's degree in Library Science from Columbia University ( New York ) . She is married and has 2 children and 4 grandchildren .

neg: Alexander von Falkenhausen Alexander Ernst Alfred Hermann Freiherr von Falkenhausen ( 29 October 1878 -- 31 July 1966 ) was a German general and a pardoned war criminal . He was an important figure during the Sino-German cooperation to reform the Chinese Army . During World War II Germany ended its support for China and Falkenhausen was forced to withdraw from China . Back in Europe he later became the head of the Nazi military government of Belgium from 1940 -- 44 during its German occupation . He was responsible for ordering the execution of hostages and deportations of Jews in Belgium .   He was married twice , firstly to Paula von Wedderkop ( 8 October 1879 -- 3 March 1950 ) and then in 1960 , to Cecile Vent ( 16 September 1906 -- 1977 ) , both without issue . He was a nephew of Ludwig von Falkenhausen , who was the governor-general of Belgium during the German occupation , from 1917 -- 1918 , in the First World War and a direct male line descendant of Karl Wilhelm Friedrich , Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach , by his mistress Elisabeth Wünsch .

neg: Heinrich Eduard Jacob Heinrich Eduard Jacob ( 7 October 1889 -- 25 October 1967 ) was a German and American journalist and author . Born to a Jewish family in Berlin and raised partly in Vienna , Jacob worked for two decades as a journalist and biographer before the rise to power of the Nazi Party . Interned in the late 1930s in the concentration camps at Dachau and then Buchenwald , he was released through the efforts of his future wife Dora , and emigrated to the United States . There he continued to publish books and contribute to newspapers before returning to Europe after the Second World War . Ill health , aggravated by his experiences in the camps , dogged him in later life , but he continued to publish through to the end of the 1950s . He wrote also under the pen names Henry E. Jacob and Eric Jens Petersen .

neg: Caroline of Berlepsch Caroline of Berlepsch ( born : 9 January 1820 in Bad Hersfeld ; died : 21 February 1877 in Knauthain ( now part of Leipzig ) ) was a member of the noble von Berlepsch family and was the third wife of the Elector William II of Hesse-Kassel ( 1777-1847 ) . He married her , after the death of his second wife , Countess Emilie of Reichenbach-Lessonitz , on 28 August 1843 in Wilhelmsbad ( now part of Hanau ) . This was a morganatic marriage , because she was considered lesser nobility and therefore not befitting for a sovereign Elector .   Caroline was the daughter of Baron Hermann Ludwig of Berlepsch and Melusine of Kruse and 43 years younger than her husband . The couple 's main residence was Frankfurt , since the elector had in 1830 and virtually abdicated the government to his son , Frederick William I , from his first , non-morganatic , marriage .   In 1844 , the Elector elevated Caroline to the `` Baroness of Bergen '' and in 1846 , she received the Austrian title of `` Countess of Bergen '' .   After William died in 1847 , she married again , in 1851 in Frankfurt , with Count Charles Adolph of Hohenthal ( born : 27 November 1811 in Dölkau ; died : 9 October 1875 in Knauthain ) . With him , she had two sons : Charles Adolph ( b. 1853 ) and Charles Louis ( b. 1857 ) .

neg: Hochstraße (Frankfurt) The Hochstraße ( lit. , `` High Street '' ) is a short street in the city centre of Frankfurt , Germany , located in the Opera Quarter in the western part of the district of Innenstadt , within the central business district known unofficially as the Bankenviertel ( Banking District ) .   It runs from the Opera Square and the western ends of the Freßgass and Goethestraße high-end shopping streets to the Eschenheimer Tor , along the Wallanlagen park area to the north . The Hochstraße includes several listed buildings from the Gründerzeit era . It also notably includes the Sofitel Frankfurt Opera five star plus luxury hotel and the Hilton Frankfurt City Centre hotel , both facing the Wallanlagen park from opposite ends . The street also has a number of high-end shops , restaurants , select residential buildings and office buildings , mainly for financial institutions . The Hochstraße has a few smaller adjacent streets , including the pedestrian streets Kleine Hochstraße and Kaiserhofstraße , which both lead to the Freßgass main street around hundred meters down the street , and the Börsenstraße ( Stock Exchange Street ) , which leads to the Frankfurt Stock Exchange 50 metres away from the Hochstraße . The street is also located in close proximity to numerous large financial institutions . The Hochstraße is traditionally considered one of the most fashionable streets in Frankfurt , and the street has in recent years regained this position through major developments , particularly the construction of the widely praised Sofitel Frankfurt Opera hotel in a neo-historicist style as a dominant feature of the street .

neg: Frank Otto (media entrepreneur) Frank Otto ( born July 7 , 1957 in Hamburg ) is a German media entrepreneur and pioneer in the field of private radio and private television in Germany . About the Frank Otto Medien Beteiligungs GmbH & Co.KG he is involved in various radio and TV stations .

neg: Bep Voskuijl Elizabeth `` Bep '' Voskuijl ( -LSB- eːlisabɛt bɛp ˈfɔskœyl -RSB- ) ( Elli Vossen ) ( 5 July 1919 in Amsterdam -- 6 May 1983 in Amsterdam ) helped conceal Anne Frank and her family from Nazi persecution during the occupation of the Netherlands .

neg: Alfred Hugenberg Alfred Ernst Christian Alexander Hugenberg ( 19 June 1865 -- 12 March 1951 ) was an influential German businessman and politician . A leading figure in nationalist politics in Germany for the first few decades of the twentieth century , he became the country 's leading media proprietor during the inter-war period . As leader of the German National People 's Party he was instrumental in helping Adolf Hitler become Chancellor of Germany and served in his first cabinet in 1933 , hoping to control Hitler and use him as his `` tool . '' Those plans backfired , and by the end of 1933 Hugenberg had been pushed to the sidelines . Although Hugenberg continued to serve as a `` guest '' member of the Reichstag until 1945 , he wielded no political influence .

neg: Alfred Müller (entrepreneur) Alfred Müller ( from 1938 Miler ; 1888 -- 1945 ) was Croatian entrepreneur and oldest son of Adolf Müller .   Müller was born in Zagreb to a wealthy Jewish family , with younger brother Leo . He graduated from higher technical school in Vienna . Müller was married to Klara ( née Hafner ) with whom he had two children , son Alan and daughter Evelina . After his father death , Müller inherited `` Balkan '' cinema and part of residential-commercial complex in Varšavska and Masarykova Street . In 1938 , because of the political situation and antisemitism caused by Nazi propaganda , Müller and his family converted to Catholicism and change their surname to Miler . In 1939 , Müller sold the residential-commercial complex in Varšavska and Masarykova Street to a Topić family from Zagreb . That same year Müller and his family moved to France . During World War II , Müller and his wife where arrested by Gestapo in France with the help from Vichy Regime , while their daughter managed to save herself by hiding at friends . Müller son joined the French Resistance . In August 1944 , Müller was deported to Dachau concentration camp , where in January 1945 he was killed . Müller family survived the Holocaust , his wife and daughter moved to United States after the war , and in 1949 his son returned and stayed in Zagreb where he still lives . With the independence of Croatia in 1991 , Müller son sought the return of the property which was taken from his father by Ustaše and later the communist of SFR Yugoslavia .

neg: Zweites Buch The Zweites Buch ( -LSB- ˈtsvaɪ̯təs buːχ -RSB- , `` Second Book '' ) , unofficially published in English as Hitler 's Secret Book and then officially Hitler 's Second Book , is an unedited transcript of Adolf Hitler 's thoughts on foreign policy written in 1928 ; it was written after Mein Kampf and was not published in his lifetime . The Zweites Buch was not published in 1928 because Mein Kampf did not sell well at that time and Hitler 's publisher , Franz-Eher-Verlag , told Hitler that a second book would hinder sales even more .

neg: Rothschild banking family of England The Rothschild banking family of England was founded in 1798 by Nathan Mayer von Rothschild ( 1777 -- 1836 ) who first settled in Manchester but then moved to London . Nathan was sent there from his home in Frankfurt by his father , Mayer Amschel Rothschild ( 1744 -- 1812 ) . Wanting his sons to succeed on their own and to expand the family business across Europe , Mayer Amschel Rothschild had his eldest son remain in Frankfurt , while his four other sons were sent to different European cities to establish a financial institution to invest in business and provide banking services . Nathan Mayer von Rothschild , the third son , first established a textile jobbing business in Manchester and from there went on to establish N M Rothschild & Sons bank in London .   From the home base in Frankfurt , Rothschild sons not only established themselves in the UK but also in Paris , Vienna and Naples in the Two Sicilies . Through their collaborative efforts , the Rothschilds rose to prominence in a variety of banking endeavours including loans , government bonds and trading in bullion . Their financing afforded investment opportunities and during the 19th century they became major stakeholders in large-scale mining and rail transport ventures that were fundamental to the rapidly expanding industrial economies of Europe .   Changes in the heads of government , war , and other such events affected the family 's fortunes both for their benefit and to their detriment . However , three historical events in particular especially damaged the interests of all Rothschild banking families across Europe : 1 ) the Revolutions of 1848 , 2 ) the Great Depression of the 1930s and 3 ) Nazism of the late 1930s until the Second World War .

neg: Academy for German Law The Academy for German Law ( Akademie für deutsches Recht ) was an institute founded in 1933 in Nazi Germany on the initiative of Hans Frank . After 11 July 1934 , it was a public corporation of the Reich . It was financed largely by business donations . The academy 's members were prominent representatives of politics , business and academia , including Hermann Göring , Joseph Goebbels , Carl Bosch , Friedrich Flick , Carl Schmitt , and Hans Carl Nipperdey ; its presidents were Hans Frank ( 1933 -- 1943 ) and Otto Georg Thierack ( 1942 -- 1945 ) .   Frank 's original goal for the academy -- influence on National Socialist legislation -- did not prevail because the ministerial bureaucracies successfully defended their prerogatives . The academy developed extensive representative and publishing activities . By holding attractive international congresses , it contributed to the reputation of the Third Reich . Its committees attempted to develop the foundations for a new NS law ( Volk Law Code ) .

neg: Johannes Freiherr von Salmuth Johannes von Salmuth ( born February 23 , 1966 in Heidelberg ) is a German family entrepreneur and Chairman of the Supervisory Bodies of the Röchling Group as well as Chairman of the Shareholders ' Committee at Aluminium-Werke Wutöschingen SE & Co. and Richter Aluminium GmbH .


query: Beauty Shop stars an actress.

pos: Beauty Shop Beauty Shop is a 2005 American comedy film directed by Bille Woodruff . The film serves as a spin-off of the Barbershop film franchise , and stars Queen Latifah as Gina , a character first introduced in the 2004 film Barbershop 2 : Back in Business . This film also stars Alicia Silverstone , Andie MacDowell , Mena Suvari , Kevin Bacon and Djimon Hounsou .

pos: Andie MacDowell Rosalie Anderson `` Andie '' MacDowell ( born April 21 , 1958 ) is an American actress and fashion model . She made her film debut in 1984 's Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes , before receiving critical acclaim for her role in Sex , Lies , and Videotape ( 1989 ) . Since then she has appeared in several notable films , including Groundhog Day ( 1993 ) and Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . She has also starred in Green Card ( 1990 ) , Short Cuts ( 1993 ) , Michael ( 1996 ) and Multiplicity ( 1996 ) . From 2013 to 2015 , she starred in the drama series Cedar Cove .   She has modeled for Calvin Klein Inc. and has been a spokeswoman for L'Oréal since 1986 , celebrating 30 years with the company in 2016 .

pos: Mena Suvari Mena Alexandra Suvari ( born February 13 , 1979 ) is an American actress , fashion designer and model . Shortly after beginning her career as a model , Suvari appeared in guest roles on such 1990s television shows as Boy Meets World and High Incident .   She made her film debut in the drama Nowhere ( 1997 ) . She achieved international fame for her roles as Angela Hayes in American Beauty and Heather Gardner in American Pie ( both 1999 ) , the former earning her a BAFTA Award nomination . She reprised her role as Heather in American Pie 2 ( 2001 ) and American Reunion ( 2012 ) . She also appeared in The Rage : Carrie 2 ( 1999 ) , Loser ( 2000 ) , Sugar & Spice ( 2001 ) , Spun ( 2002 ) , Trauma ( 2004 ) , and the HBO drama series Six Feet Under ( 2001 -- 05 ) . Suvari is a model for Lancôme cosmetics and print ads for Lancôme Paris Adaptîve and has been featured in several fashion blogs and magazines such as Vogue . She is a long-time supporter and activist for the African relief organization , the African Medical and Research Foundation .

pos: Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records .   Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress .   Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie .   She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .

pos: Alicia Silverstone Alicia Silverstone ( -LSB- æˈliːsiə_ˈsɪlvəstoʊn -RSB- born October 4 , 1976 ) is an American actress , producer , author , and activist . She made her film debut in The Crush ( 1993 ) , earning the 1994 MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance , and gained further prominence as a teen idol when she appeared at the age of 16 in the music video for Aerosmith 's `` Cryin ' '' . She starred in the comedy hit Clueless ( 1995 ) , which earned her a multimillion-dollar deal with Columbia Pictures , and in the big-budget film Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) , playing Batgirl . She has continued to act in film and television and on stage . For her role in the short-lived drama comedy Miss Match ( 2003 ) , Silverstone received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress -- Television Series Musical or Comedy . A vegan , Silverstone has endorsed PETA activities and has published two nutrition books .

neg: Amanda Peterson Amanda Peterson ( born Phyllis Amanda Peterson , July 8 , 1971 -- July 3 , 2015 ) was an American actress known for her role as Cindy Mancini in the 1987 comedy film Ca n't Buy Me Love .

neg: American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption .   Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity .   Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script .   Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .

neg: Olivia (singer) Olivia Theresa Longott ( born February 15 , 1981 in Brooklyn , New York , U.S. ) , professionally known as Olivia , is an American singer , songwriter , rapper and actress . She is best known for contributing vocals to 50 Cent 's hit single `` Candy Shop '' and her debut album Olivia . She was also known as a regular cast member in the first three seasons ( 2011 -- 13 ) of the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop : New York .

neg: Alice Eve Alice Sophia Eve ( born 6 February 1982 ) is an English actress .

neg: Money Lo Money Lo Man Yee ( 盧敏儀 , born 18 November 1960 ) is a Hong Kong actress .

neg: Claudia Wells Claudia Grace Wells ( born July 5 , 1966 ) is an American actress .

neg: Sanoe Lake Sànoe Lake ( born May 19 , 1982 ) is an American actress of Hawaiian , Japanese and English descent .

neg: Pam Potillo Pamela `` Pam '' Potillo ( born April 30 , 1974 in Trenton , New Jersey ) is an American actress .

neg: Bree Condon Bree Condon ( born March 3 , 1986 ) is an American fashion model and actress .

neg: Ashley Eckstein Maria Ashley Eckstein ( née Drane ; born September 22 , 1981 ) , credited as Ashley Eckstein or Ashley Drane , is an American actress and fashion designer , known to audiences of Blue Collar TV and as the voice of Ahsoka Tano on Star Wars : The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels . She also played a small role as Alicia in the film Sydney White and as Ms. Cole in the film Alice Upside Down , with both films being released in 2007 . Eckstein also had a recurring role as Muffy on the Disney Channel sitcom That 's So Raven .

neg: Victoria Sellers Victoria Sellers ( born 20 January 1965 ) is a British model , actress , comedian and jewellery designer .

neg: Michelle Shoda Michelle Marie Shoda Belloso ( born 1960 ) is a Venezuelan-American actress , businesswoman and beauty pageant titleholder .

neg: Caterina Lopez Caterina Marie Lopez ( born December 13 , 1987 ) , is an American model and actress .

neg: Han Ye-seul Han Ye-seul ( born Leslie Kim on 18 September 1981 ) is an American-born South Korean actress . She made her acting debut in the sitcom Nonstop 4 ( 2003 ) , and has since played leading roles in television dramas such as Couple or Trouble ( 2006 ) , Tazza ( 2008 ) , and Birth of a Beauty ( 2014 ) , as well as the films Miss Gold Digger ( 2007 ) and Penny Pinchers ( 2011 ) .

neg: Angelia Layton Angelia Nichole Layton ( born October 8 , 1991 ) is an American actress , model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Utah Teen USA 2010 and competed at Miss Teen USA 2010 and placed 3rd runner-up . Later , in 2014 , she won Miss Utah USA 2014 and represented Utah at Miss USA 2014 , but she did not place . She was also a cast member of the 25th season of Survivor , Survivor : Philippines .

neg: Beauty (2011 film) Beauty ( Skoonheid ) is a 2011 South African film directed by Oliver Hermanus . It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the South African entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .

neg: Zoya Khan Zoya Khan ( born Sana Khan ) is an Indian actress , model and host by profession . She gained wide attention in a Delhi beauty pageant and was crowned Miss Beautiful Skin and runner-up . In the year 2011 , she moved to Mumbai to pursue her career in acting .

neg: Jessica Schwarz Jessica Schwarz ( born 5 May 1977 ) is a German film and TV actress .

neg: Julie Ann Emery Julie Ann Emery ( born January 16 , 1975 ) is an American actress .

neg: Karyn Parsons Karyn Parsons -- Rockwell ( born October 8 , 1966 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Hilary Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air which ran from 1990 -- 96 . She also starred in the 1995 film Major Payne playing opposite Damon Wayans .


query: Death in Paradise (TV series) is a crime comedy-drama television series that is British and French.

pos: Death in Paradise (TV series) Death in Paradise is a British-French crime comedy-drama television series created by Robert Thorogood , starring Ben Miller ( series 1 -- 3 ) , Kris Marshall ( series 3 -- 6 ) & Ardal O'Hanlon ( series 6 -- present ) . The programme is a joint UK and French production filmed on the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom and France 2 in France . Death in Paradise has enjoyed high ratings , leading to repeated renewals . A sixth series began broadcasting on 5 January 2017 and aired its finale on 23 February , with the subsequent DVD release occurring three days later on 27 February 2017 . The series will return in 2018 for a seventh series .

neg: Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes .   In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run .   Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )

neg: Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death (film) Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death is British comedy-drama television film based on the novel of the same name by M. C. Beaton . The film aired on Sky1 on 26 December 2014 . It served as a pilot to a full series entitled Agatha Raisin .

neg: Jean-Luc Azoulay Jean-Luc Azoulay ( born 1947 in Sétif , then French Algeria ) is a French television producer . He was born in Algeria to a Sephardic Jewish family .   In 1987 , with the Club Dorothée , he developed a new concept for a youth TV show which had great success beginning in the 1980s until 1997 , on TF1 , one of the most important French TV channels . In 1997 TF1 somewhat mysteriously cancelled all its contracts with Azoulay production company ' `` AB '' , even though AB content was , by far , the most popular on French TV at the time .   In the 1990s he created an astonishing number of extremely successful so-called `` sitcoms '' , including Salut les Muscles '' , `` Premiers Baisers '' , `` Hélène et les Garcons '' , `` Le Miel et les Abelles '' , `` Le Philo selon Philippe '' , `` Les Filles d' a cote '' . In addition to these he created many others which had lesser success , such as `` Le College des Coeurs Brises '' , `` Un homme a Domicile '' , `` Talk Show '' , L'un Contre L'autre '' , `` Les Garcons de la Plage '' or `` Else , un roman photo '' . `` Premieres Baisers '' and its spin-off , `` Hélène et les Garcons '' , each of about 200 episodes , both had several sequels . `` Hélène et les Garcons '' in particular was followed by `` Le Miracle de l'Amour '' and then `` Les Vacances de l'Amour '' ( produced on location in the carabian ) and Azoulay has recently revived the series , with the same actors , now 20 years older , in `` Les Mysteres de l'Amour '' , which has so far seen three seasons .   Azoulay 's `` sit-coms '' are based on both American sitcoms and soap opera , though in fact they are a genre in their own right , which adds elements from French theatrical farce and the old traditional ` roman ' . The AB production method called for shooting 4 episodes per week ; of the many hundreds of episodes produced during the period from the launch of `` Salut les Muscles '' in the late 1980s until the 1997 close-down , Azoulay is either author or co-author of most of them .   Jean-Luc Azoulay is the songwriter for Dorothée and Hélène , also producing all of their shows at the largest venues in France as well as major sites in Asia .   In October 2004 , he produced 12 shows at the Palais des congrès de Paris for the legendary French singer Sylvie Vartan .   In 2000 , he produced the successful TV series Navarro , L'Instit , Quai n ° 1 , along with other prestigious TV series like Les Liaisons Dangereuses and Les Rois maudits , establishing him as one of the top primetime TV producers .   In October 2007 , he adapted Baie des Flamboyants from the Mexican telenovela Codigo Postal .

neg: Those Who Kill Those Who Kill ( Den som dræber ) is a Danish crime TV series from 2011 , which follows a fictitious unit within Copenhagen Police which specialises in investigating serial murders . The series was aired as five two-part stories in Denmark ( i.e. ten episodes in total ) , but has aired as five feature-length episodes in most other countries . A separate 92 minutes feature film , Fortidens skygge , which forms a continuation and ending of the series , premiered in Danish cinemas on 15 March 2012 , and is being aired as a final , sixth episode of the series in many other countries , such as the UK and Germany .   The series is created and written by Elsebeth Egholm and Stefan Jaworski , with various other screenwriters helping out as episode writers , among them Siv Rajendram , Rikke De Fine Licht and Morten Dragsted . Directors have been Birger Larsen , Niels Nørløv and Kasper Barfoed . The series is a Danish-German-Swedish-Norwegian co-production .   Although originally planned to run for several seasons , Danish TV2 announced in October 2011 that there would be no further seasons made , due to falling viewer shares after the first few episodes . TV2 programming manager Keld Reinicke stated that , `` We have no plans to continue the series as it never gave us the audience share we expected in Denmark . ''

neg: Casualty (series 15) The fifteenth series of the British medical drama television series Casualty commenced airing in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 16 September 2000 and finished on 28 April 2001 .  It saw another increase , this time to 36 episodes , including two hour-long self-contained ` specials ' , Sympathy for the Devil ( episode 8 ) and Something from the Heart ( episode 23 ) , which were shown in addition to the regular Saturday night episodes .

neg: List of Sherlock Holmes episodes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ( 1984 -- 1985 ) , The Return of Sherlock Holmes ( 1986 -- 1988 ) , The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes ( 1991 -- 1993 ) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes ( 1994 ) , collectively known as Sherlock Holmes , are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom . The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke ( in the Adventures series ) and Edward Hardwicke ( Return , Case-Book , Memoirs ) as Dr. Watson .   The programme adapted 42 of the original stories in 41 episodes , with 36 running for 50 minutes ( in a one-hour timeslot ) , and five being feature-length specials . Adventures ran for two series totalling 13 episodes , from April to June 1984 and August to September 1985 . Return ran for two series from July to August 1986 and April to August 1988 , as well as the specials `` The Sign of Four '' and `` The Hound of the Baskervilles '' , which aired on 29 December 1987 and 31 August 1988 respectively . Case-Book ran for one series from February to March 1991 and three specials which aired on 2 January 1992 and 27 January and 3 February 1993 . Memoirs ran for one series from March to April 1994 . A short episode was also produced as part of `` The Four Oaks Mystery '' which aired during the ITV Telethon in 1992 . Sherlock Holmes appeared in the first part , with the casts of Van der Valk , Taggart and Inspector Wexford appearing in the second , third and fourth parts respectively .   The series has been released on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 and 4 , and has been repeated on ITV3 and BBC Two .

neg: Moon Over Miami (TV series) Moon Over Miami is an American drama and crime series that aired on ABC .

neg: From Darkness From Darkness is a British psychological crime drama that premiered on BBC One on October 4 , 2015 . The series stars Anne-Marie Duff as former police officer Claire Church . A total of four episodes were broadcast . The series was both critically and commercially panned , leading to the likeliness of a second season materializing being very slim . A DVD of the complete series was released on November 9 , 2015 . Internationally , the series premiered in Australia on November 1 , 2015 , on BBC First .

neg: The Baddies `` The Baddies '' is an episode of the award-winning British comedy television series The Goodies .   This episode is also known as `` The Nicest Person in the World '' and `` Double Trouble '' and as `` Bad Copies '' .   Written by The Goodies , with songs and music by Bill Oddie .

neg: Crash (2009 TV series) Crash is an English-language Welsh television drama series created by Tony Jordan and produced by Red Planet Pictures for BBC Wales . The series follows the lives of four newly qualified doctors .   The series is filmed in Cardiff . The series first aired at 20:30 BST on BBC One Wales and BBC HD on Wednesday 9 September 2009 .

neg: The Secret (TV series) The Secret is a 2016 Northern Irish ITV mini-series based on Let This Be Our Secret , Belfast journalist Deric Henderson 's account of the double murder of Lesley Howell and Constable Trevor Buchanan , whose bodies were discovered in a fume-filled car in the garage of a property in Castlerock , County Londonderry , in Northern Ireland in May 1991 .   The drama stars James Nesbitt as killer dentist Colin Howell , is written by BAFTA-winning writer Stuart Urban and is directed by Nick Murphy . The producer is Jonathan Curling , and the executive producers are Hat Trick Productions ' Mark Redhead and Stuart Urban .   It was broadcast from 29 April to 20 May 2016 in four episodes . The production was criticised by Howell 's daughter , for the portrayal of her mother , and for ` exploiting a tragedy ' . The drama was BAFTA nominated as Best Drama Miniseries . It won the Royal Television Society award for Best Drama , Northern Ireland and was nominated at The Broadcast Awards as Best Drama .

neg: Dalziel and Pascoe (TV series) Dalziel and Pascoe is a popular British television crime drama based on the novels of the same name , written by Reginald Hill . The series was first broadcast on 16 March 1996 , with Warren Clarke being cast as Dalziel ( pronounced `` dee-ell '' ) and Colin Buchanan being cast as Pascoe . The series is primarily set in the fictional town of Wetherton in Yorkshire , and `` follows the work of two detectives that are thrown together as partners . Complete opposites . Different backgrounds , different beliefs , different styles . They get on each other 's nerves . They are continually embarrassed by each other . But their differences make them a stunningly brilliant crime-solving team . ''   The first three series were entirely based on Hill 's novels , as were the first two episodes of series four . However , all subsequent stories , with the exception of `` Dialogues of the Dead '' , are stories written exclusively for television , and have not appeared as subsequent novels . The series was produced by BBC Birmingham , and broadcast on BBC One until 22 June 2007 , running for a total of eleven series . The series was axed in 2008 , citing falling viewing figures as the main reason . It was one of a number of dramas axed in a mass cull by new station controller Peter Fincham .

neg: La piovra La Piovra ( -LSB- la ˈpjɔːvra -RSB- ; The Octopus , referring to `` The Mafia '' ) is an Italian television drama miniseries about the Mafia .   The story was by Sandro Petraglia . The production was designed by Luigi Perelli . The soundtrack was by Riz Ortolani and later by Ennio Morricone , who went on to compose music for several sequels .   All 10 series have been released in Australia on DVD by Aztec International Entertainment , with English subtitles , having been originally aired on the Special Broadcasting Service television channel . It was also broadcast on MHz Networks in the United States . The first three series were shown in the UK on Channel 4 .   The TV drama was successful in the USSR , where it appeared on state TV in 1986 in Albania , in Romania , and in Bulgaria , where is appeared in the end of the 1980s ( in its seventh season , the show featured Bulgarian actor Stefan Danailov ) .

neg: The King Is Dead (TV series) The King is Dead is a British comedy show created , written by and starring Simon Bird . Also presenting are Nick Mohammed and Katy Wix . It aired on Thursdays at 10.30 pm on BBC Three , with repeats on both Friday and Saturday .

neg: Heiter bis tödlich Heiter bis tödlich is the name of a crime series , first broadcast October 25 , 2011 by the German television network Das Erste . This series is made up of several different shows , which all share a common brand and theme .   The lineup of these different shows was inspired by a long-term success of the show Großstadtrevier ( English : Big City Precinct ) . Initially ARD ( parent company of Das Erste ) had planned additional series to be based in other large cities , however it was later decided to also include smaller regions and the humorous side of their quirks . Prior to determining the title `` Heiter bis tödlich '' Das Erste used the term `` Schmunzelkrimis '' in press releases and the working title `` Crime & Smile ''  , due to the theme of all of these shows being the funny side of the police .   The series is broadcast Tuesdays through Thursdays at 6:50 pm .

neg: Drop the Dead Donkey Drop the Dead Donkey is a situation comedy that first aired on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 1998 . It is set in the offices of `` GlobeLink News '' , a fictional TV news company . Recorded close to transmission , it made use of contemporary news events to give the programme a greater sense of realism . It was created by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin . The series had an ensemble cast , making stars of Haydn Gwynne , Stephen Tompkinson and Neil Pearson .   The series began with the acquisition of GlobeLink by media mogul Sir Roysten Merchant , an allusion to either Robert Maxwell or Rupert Murdoch . Indeed , Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin note on their DVDs that it was fortunate for their libel lawyers that the two men shared the same initials . The series is mostly based on the ongoing battle between the staff of GlobeLink , led by editor George Dent , as they try to maintain the company as a serious news organisation , and Sir Roysten 's right-hand man Gus Hedges , trying to make the show more sensationalist and suppress stories that might harm Sir Roysten 's business empire .   According to Swedish comedian Kryddan Petersson , he and the group behind Helt Apropå had come up with an idea for a show like this , which they presented to British colleagues sometime around 1989-90 . Most of them were not impressed , but two of them took the idea seriously and wrote this show . Later on , the Swedish group bought the material rights to the show back to Sweden , and created the show Döda danskar räknas inte ( `` Dead Danes do n't count '' ) , which aired on SVT in 1994 .   The show was awarded the Best Comedy ( Programme or Series ) Award at the 1994 BAFTA Awards . At the British Comedy Awards the show won Best New TV Comedy in 1990 , Best Channel 4 Comedy in 1991 , and Best Channel 4 Sitcom in 1994 .

neg: Da Vinci's Inquest Da Vinci 's Inquest is a Canadian dramatic television series that aired on CBC Television from 1998 to 2005 . While never a ratings blockbuster , seven seasons of thirteen episodes each were filmed for a total of ninety-one episodes .   The show , set and filmed in Vancouver , stars Nicholas Campbell as Dominic Da Vinci , once an undercover officer for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police , but now a crusading coroner who seeks justice in the cases he investigates .   The cast also includes Gwynyth Walsh as Da Vinci 's ex-wife and chief pathologist Patricia Da Vinci , Donnelly Rhodes as detective Leo Shannon , and Ian Tracey as detective Mick Leary .

neg: Chefs (TV series) Chefs is a French drama television series . It has been distributed since 2015 on France 2 ( France ) .

neg: Death on the Nile (2004 film) Death on the Nile is a 2004 British television film , part of the ITV Agatha Christie 's Poirot series , based on the mystery novel Death on the Nile by Agatha Christie . The film was shot almost entirely on location in Egypt .

neg: Paranoid (TV series) Paranoid is a British crime drama which began broadcasting on ITV , on 22 September 2016 , and streaming internationally on Netflix , in 2016 . The eight-part series focuses on a group of detectives working for the fictional Woodmere police , in the UK , who are attempting to solve the murder of a physician who is stabbed in a children 's playground . During the course of their investigation , the detectives discover the murder has links to a pharmaceutical company based in Germany , and they enlist the help of their German colleagues in Düsseldorf to find the killer . Indira Varma , Robert Glenister , and Dino Fetscher star as main protagonists DS Nina Suresh , DC Bobby Day , and DC Alec Wayfield , respectively .


query: Carl Sanders was a politician of American citizenship.

pos: Carl Sanders Carl Edward Sanders Sr. ( May 15 , 1925 -- November 16 , 2014 ) was an American politician who served as the 74th Governor of the state of Georgia from 1963 to 1967 .

neg: Active citizenship Active citizenship refers to a philosophy espoused by organizations and educational institutions which advocates that members of companies or nation-states have certain roles and responsibilities to society and the environment , although those members may not have specific governing roles .   Active citizenship can be seen as an articulation of the debate over rights versus responsibilities . If a body gives rights to the people under its remit , then those same people might have certain responsibilities to uphold . This would be most obvious at a country or nation-state level , but could also be of wider scope , such as the Internet ( Netizen ) or Earth ( global citizenship ) . The implication is that an active citizen is one who fulfills both their rights and responsibilities in a balanced way .   A problem with this concept is that although rights are often written down as part of law , responsibilities are not as well defined , and there may be disagreements amongst the citizens as to what the responsibilities are . For example , in the United Kingdom , citizens have the right to free health care , but voting in elections is not compulsory , even though many people would define this as a responsibility .   Writing a clear definition of responsibilities for an active citizen is much more problematic than writing a list of rights . For example , although voting might be considered a basic responsibility by many people , there are some who through disability or other issues are not able to participate fully in the voting process .   An active citizen is someone who takes a role in the community ; the term has been identified with volunteering by writers such as Jonathan Tisch , who wrote in the Huffington Post in 2010 advocating that busy Americans should try to help others , particularly by offering high-level professional expertise in such areas as banking , education , engineering , and technology to help the less fortunate .   Active citizenship is considered a buzzword by some due to its vague definition . Examples include volunteering , donating , and recycling .

neg: History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil .   Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States .   Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets .   Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year .   Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) .   Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .

neg: Elective rights Two central issues for democracies are the right to candidate , and suffrage or the franchise -- that is , the decision as to who is entitled to vote . For example , Athenian democracy limited the vote to male citizens , while slaves , foreigners , and women of any status were excluded . Requirements and exclusions such as these , along with racial prohibitions , have been common in democracies . The definition of legal personhood has been historically tied up with these questions .   Generally , franchise is restricted on account of one or more of the following :  age ( in all democracies ) ,  gender ,  nationality ,  race ,  religion ,  wealth ,  birth ( e.g. , inherited social status ) ,  education ,  previous crimes , etc. .   Most contemporary democracies agree that only age , citizenship and ( in some jurisdictions ) serious , previously-committed crimes are the only of these restrictions which apply . One prominent exception to this is the limited representation available for denizens of the capital of the United States , Washington , DC ( see District of Columbia voting rights ) .   A recent example of how the `` right to vote '' changed over history is New Zealand , which was the first country to give women the right to vote ( September 19 , 1893 ) , though not the right to be elected . The participation in politics via both candidacy and suffrage in Europe and the Americas is , largely , a 20th-century phenomenon .   Sex equity has been recognized in other ways in other societies , however . The Iroquois Confederacy gave a strong political role to women perhaps to as far back as its origins in the 12th century , although , as in 19th century New Zealand , this was expressed as support for a specific male , not the right to sit in council . The Iroquois Confederacy , like many Native American societies , recognized rituals to allow post-menopausal or powerful widowed women to assume the role of a man -- because of this , it is possible that at some point in its history , the Confederacy permitted a full and formal role to women .   Some limited ( to a greater or lesser degree ) alternative voting and official appointing systems claim to be democratic . One-party states such as the People 's Republic of China apply a limited form of disapproval voting that helps to signal the acceptance of those promoted into new posts . Those who do not receive very high ( over 80 % ) acceptance generally rise no further in rank or position .   Under perestroika , shortly before its collapse , the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under Mikhail Gorbachev implemented reforms to allow multiple candidates , all from the local Communist Party , to run against each other . Such methods are not generally viewed as providing an equivalent political expression to the right to replace an entire centralized power group by way of election , as can occur in a multi-party system .   Another means of limited democracy is that practiced in the Islamic Republic of Iran , where the right to run as a candidate is controlled by the religious authorities . Such groups as the Communist Party and the Green Party of Iran are excluded from the slate of candidates . Recent elections in Iran have suffered from very low turnout .   In the United States of America , restrictions on the right to vote due to property ownership or lack thereof , and in some places literacy , were common until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . Today all but a few states deny the right to vote to those who have been convicted of a felony at any point in their past ( voting rights are , in some cases , restored via executive ( on the state or federal level ) pardon ) .   In the European Union every citizen has the right to participate in the elections of the European Parliament . Not every vote is counted equally , however : Voters from bigger countries are significantly underrepresented relative to voters from smaller countries . E.g. , a vote from Luxembourg carries 12 times as much weight as does a vote from Germany . Many places have similar problems with the distribution of votes per region . In the US , a Californian vote carries four times the weight of a Montana vote in the presidential election .   Category : Democracy

neg: Labor Party (United States, 1996) The Labor Party was an American social democratic political party advocating workers ' interests . Membership at one point reached about 5,000 .   The party was formed in 1996 by the United Mine Workers , International Longshore and Warehouse Union , American Federation of Government Employees , California Nurses Association , and hundreds of other local labor unions . From the beginning a dispute over the Party 's running of candidates arose with many of the official unions totally opposed to running candidates that might cause the defeat of their normal Democratic allies . Smaller locals and left union activists on the other had pushed for a clean break with the Democratic Party . This issue was debated internally for years until 1999 when the Party 's leadership agreed to some endorsements of Labor Party members running . In 2001 the Labor Party endorsed labor sponsored independent candidates in San Francisco and Ohio local elections . After the 2000 elections even symbolic support dripped away . The future of the party remains uncertain , particularly after the 2002 death of Tony Mazzocchi , the founding national organizer . All of the founding unions continued to actively support Democratic Party candidates .   In December 2005 , the South Carolina Labor Party announced that it would seek ballot status in South Carolina and run a candidate in the 2006 legislative elections . Labor Party News quoted Leonard Riley , President of the Charleston International Longshoremen 's Association Local 1422 as saying , `` Given the results of the past few elections , I think the workers of South Carolina would jump at the opportunity to consider a Labor Party which would guarantee an uncompromising voice for working people on their issues . '' Although South Carolina law permitted electoral fusion , the Labor Party pledged not to endorse candidates of any other party .   Party officials acknowledged that the choice of South Carolina may have seemed unusual due to the fact that the state had the second lowest concentration of union workers in the United States . However , party officials said that the relatively high unemployment rate , the decline in the textile industry , and the indifference of the state Democratic and Republican parties to the interests of working people , African-Americans and women created a political space for the Labor Party . The party submitted 16,500 signatures on July 11 , 2006 . If 10,000 of the signatures were valid , the party would be qualified for the 2007 and 2008 elections . This effort was apparently unrelated to the concurrent attempt of the Working Families Party to gain ballot access in South Carolina , a state that allows electoral fusion . In July 2007 Ballot Access News reported that the SCLP was attempting to recruit candidates .   The party suspended active operations in 2007 but a group said to affiliated with the party nominated one candidate for the South Carolina State House for 2010 . The candidate , Brett Bursey , received 442 votes , or 3.06 % .   In December 2012 Mark Dudzic wrote an article in which he said confirmed that the party had suspended operations in 2007 . While some have taken this to mean that he said that the time was currently not right for the Labor Party to exist , others have seen this as a start of a discussion about the future of the Labor Party .

neg: Carl D. Perkins Carl Dewey Perkins ( October 15 , 1912 -- August 3 , 1984 ) , a Democrat , was a politician and member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Kentucky serving from 1949 until his death from a heart attack in Lexington , Kentucky in 1984 .

neg: Eugene V. Debs Eugene Victor `` Gene '' Debs ( November 5 , 1855 -- October 20 , 1926 ) was an American union leader , one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW or the Wobblies ) , and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States . Through his presidential candidacies , as well as his work with labor movements , Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States .   Early in his political career , Debs was a member of the Democratic Party . He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884 . After working with several smaller unions , including the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen , Debs was instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union ( ARU ) , one of the nation 's first industrial unions . After workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company organized a wildcat strike over pay cuts in the summer of 1894 , Debs signed many into the ARU . He called a boycott of the ARU against handling trains with Pullman cars , in what became the nationwide Pullman Strike , affecting most lines west of Detroit , and more than 250,000 workers in 27 states . To keep the mail running , President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to break the strike . As a leader of the ARU , Debs was convicted of federal charges for defying a court injunction against the strike and served six months in prison .   In jail , Debs read various works of socialist theory and emerged six months later as a committed adherent of the international socialist movement . Debs was a founding member of the Social Democracy of America ( 1897 ) , the Social Democratic Party of America ( 1898 ) , and the Socialist Party of America ( 1901 ) .   Debs ran as a Socialist candidate for President of the United States five times , including 1900 ( earning 0.63 % of the popular vote ) , 1904 ( 2.98 % ) , 1908 ( 2.83 % ) , 1912 ( 5.99 % ) , and 1920 ( 3.41 % ) , the last time from a prison cell . He was also a candidate for United States Congress from his native state Indiana in 1916 .   Debs was noted for his oratory , and his speech denouncing American participation in World War I led to his second arrest in 1918 . He was convicted under the Sedition Act of 1918 and sentenced to a term of 10 years . President Warren G. Harding commuted his sentence in December 1921 . Debs died in 1926 , not long after being admitted to a sanatorium due to cardiovascular problems that developed during his time in prison . He has since been cited as the inspiration for numerous politicians .

neg: History of democracy A democracy is a political system , or a system of decision-making within an institution or organization , in which all members have an equal share of power . Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government : the capacity to intervene in their own societies and the recognition of their sovereignty by an international legalistic framework of similarly sovereign states . -LSB- 2 -RSB- Democratic government is commonly juxtaposed with oligarchic and monarchic systems , which are rule by a minority and a sole monarch respectively .   Democracy in its earliest forms is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization . The extent to which these 18th century democratic revivalists succeeded in turning the democratic ideals of the ancient Greeks and Romans into the dominant political institution of the next 300 years is hardly debatable , even if the moral justifications they often employed might be . Nevertheless , the critical historical juncture catalyzed by the resurrection of democratic ideals and institutions fundamentally transformed the ensuing centuries and has dominated the international landscape since the dismantling of the final vestige of empire following the end of the Second World War .   Modern representative democracies attempt to bridge the gulf between the Hobbesian ` state of nature ' and the grip of authoritarianism through ` social contracts ' that enshrine the rights of the citizens , curtail the power of the state , and grant agency through the right to vote .

neg: Larry Sanders (politician) Lawrence `` Larry '' Sanders ( born 25 April 1935 ) is an American-British academic , social worker , and Health Spokesperson of the Green Party of England and Wales . Sanders is the elder brother of United States Senator and former 2016 Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders .

neg: Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey .   After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .

neg: Afroyim v. Rusk Afroyim v. Rusk , , is a major United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that citizens of the United States may not be deprived of their citizenship involuntarily . The U.S. government had attempted to revoke the citizenship of Beys Afroyim , a man born in Poland , because he had cast a vote in an Israeli election after becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen . The Supreme Court decided that Afroyim 's right to retain his citizenship was guaranteed by the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution . In so doing , the Court struck down a federal law mandating loss of U.S. citizenship for voting in a foreign election -- thereby overruling one of its own precedents , Perez v. Brownell ( 1958 ) , in which it had upheld loss of citizenship under similar circumstances less than a decade earlier .   The Afroyim decision opened the way for a wider acceptance of dual ( or multiple ) citizenship in United States law . The Bancroft Treaties -- a series of agreements between the United States and other nations which had sought to limit dual citizenship following naturalization -- were eventually abandoned after the Carter administration concluded that Afroyim and other Supreme Court decisions had rendered them unenforceable .   The impact of Afroyim v. Rusk was narrowed by a later case , Rogers v. Bellei ( 1971 ) , in which the Court determined that the Fourteenth Amendment safeguarded citizenship only when a person was born or naturalized in the United States , and that Congress retained authority to regulate the citizenship status of a person who was born outside the United States to an American parent . However , the specific law at issue in Rogers v. Bellei -- a requirement for a minimum period of U.S. residence that Bellei had failed to satisfy -- was repealed by Congress in 1978 . As a consequence of revised policies adopted in 1990 by the United States Department of State , it is now ( in the words of one expert ) `` virtually impossible to lose American citizenship without formally and expressly renouncing it . ''

neg: Governor of Vermont The Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont is the head of the government of the state . The governor is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years . Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are now the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years , instead of every four as in the other 48 states . There is no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve . If no candidate receives at least 50 percent plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election , the governor is then elected by the state legislature .   The incumbent governor is Phil Scott . He was sworn in on Thursday January 5 , 2017 , becoming Vermont 's 82nd Governor .   The governor 's working offices are located in The Pavilion in the state capital of Montpelier , Vermont . The governor 's ceremonial office , used during the legislative session of the General Assembly , is located in the Vermont State House , also in Montpelier .   The Constitution of Vermont details the powers of the governor :  To commission or appoint all officers ( `` except where provision is , or shall be , otherwise made by law or this Frame of Government '' )  To fill all vacancies in office until the office can be filled in the manner directed by state constitution or by state law  To correspond with other States  To `` transact business with officers of government , civil and military ''  To `` prepare such business as may appear necessary , to lay before the General Assembly .  To grant pardons and remit fines , except for cases of treason , in which the Governor may only grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly , and for cases of impeachment , in which the Governor can not grant either reprieves or pardons  To `` take care that the laws be faithfully executed '' and `` expedite the execution of such measures as may be resolved upon by the General Assembly ''  To `` draw upon the Treasury for such sums as may be appropriated by the General Assembly ''  To `` lay embargoes , or prohibit the exportation of any commodity '' for up to 30 days during a recess of the General Assembly  To `` grant such licenses as shall be directed by law ''  To call special sessions of the General Assembly when necessary  To be the `` Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief '' of the `` forces of the State '' ( the Vermont State Guard and Vermont National Guard ) , although the Governor can not `` command in person , in time of war , or insurrection , unless by the advice and consent of the Senate , and no longer than they shall approve thereof ''   There is a separately-elected Lieutenant Governor of Vermont . The Lieutenant Governor becomes the new Governor , if the incumbent Governor dies , resigns or is removed ( via impeachment ) from office . The Lieutenant Governor is also the Lieutenant-General of the `` forces of the State . ''

neg: American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation .   Author William Herberg offers the following definition :   One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' .   In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''

neg: Frank Sanders Frank Sanders is the name of :   Frank P. Sanders ( 1919 -- 1997 ) , U.S. Under Secretary of the Navy  Frank Sanders ( actor ) ( born 1946 ) , Dutch actor , singer , choreographer , and dancer  Frank Sanders ( American football ) ( born 1973 ) , former American football player  Frank Sanders ( ice hockey ) ( 1949 -- 2012 ) , American ice hockey player

neg: American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) .   `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky .   Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . ''   Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class .   In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''

neg: Dean Dozen The `` Dean Dozen '' in American politics , was the collective term for six groups of 12 candidates endorsed by Democracy for America , the political action committee led by former Vermont governor and presidential candidate Howard Dean , in the 2004 elections .   Those chosen to be in the Dean Dozens were Democrats . Governor Dean called the Dean Dozen `` the progressive movement 's best chance at taking back Congress . '' Candidates Selected received significant promotion by progressive groups through emails , fundraisers , and speeches . Democracy for America also fundraisers for the candidates directly , using their membership of over a million citizens to seek contributions for candidates directly   They came from across the U.S. and ran for widely varying positions , from county sheriff to U.S. Senator . No incumbents were chosen , and members of Dean Dozens also tended to target key districts .   Candidates in bold won .   In the 2012 elections Governor Dean selected a new Dean Dozen to receive the endorsement of DFA .

neg: United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands .   The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .

neg: Constitution Day (United States) Constitution Day ( or Citizenship Day ) is an American federal observance that recognizes the adoption of the United States Constitution and those who have become U.S. citizens . It is normally observed on September 17 , the day in 1787 that delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the document in Philadelphia .   When Constitution Day falls on a weekend or on another holiday , schools and other institutions observe the holiday on an adjacent weekday .   The law establishing the present holiday was created in 2004 with the passage of an amendment by Senator Robert Byrd to the Omnibus spending bill of 2004 . Before this law was enacted , the holiday was known as `` Citizenship Day '' . In addition to renaming the holiday `` Constitution Day and Citizenship Day , '' the act mandates that all publicly funded educational institutions , and all federal agencies , provide educational programming on the history of the American Constitution on that day . In May 2005 , the United States Department of Education announced the enactment of this law and that it would apply to any school receiving federal funds of any kind .

neg: Civil Rights Act of 1866 The Civil Rights Act of 1866 , , enacted April 9 , 1866 , was the first United States federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law . It was mainly intended to protect the civil rights of persons of African descent born in or brought to the U.S. , in the wake of the American Civil War . This legislation was enacted by Congress in 1865 but vetoed by President Andrew Johnson . In April 1866 Congress again passed the bill . Although Johnson again vetoed it , a two-thirds majority in each chamber overcame the veto and the bill therefore became law .   John Bingham and some other congressmen argued that Congress did not yet have sufficient constitutional power to enact this law . Following passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , Congress reenacted the 1866 Act in 1870 .

neg: New Democrats New Democrats , also called Centrist Democrats , Clinton Democrats or Moderate Democrats , are a relatively `` centrist '' ideological faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory of Republican George H. W. Bush in the 1988 presidential election . Describing themselves as `` centrist '' , they are an economically conservative and `` Third Way '' faction which dominated the party for around 20 years , starting in the late 1980s after the US populace turned much further to the political right . They are represented by organizations such as the New Democrat Network and the New Democrat Coalition .

neg: Joseph F. Carlino Joseph Francis Carlino ( June 23 , 1917 -- August 13 , 2006 ) was an American lawyer and politician .