query: Carrie Fisher wrote a few semi-autobiographical novels.

pos: Carrie Fisher Carrie Frances Fisher ( October 21 , 1956 -- December 27 , 2016 ) was an American actress , writer and humorist who first became known for playing Princess Leia in the Star Wars film series . Her other film roles included Shampoo ( 1975 ) , The Blues Brothers ( 1980 ) , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) , The ` Burbs ( 1989 ) , and When Harry Met Sally ... ( 1989 ) .   Fisher wrote several semi-autobiographical novels , including Postcards from the Edge and the screenplay for the film of the book , as well as an autobiographical one-woman play , and its non-fiction book , Wishful Drinking , based on the play . She worked on other writers ' screenplays as a script doctor . In later years , she earned praise for speaking publicly about her experiences with bipolar disorder and drug addiction .   The daughter of the singer Eddie Fisher and actress Debbie Reynolds , Fisher and her mother appear in Bright Lights : Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds , a 2016 documentary about their relationship . It premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . Fisher died of cardiac arrest on December 27 , 2016 , at age 60 , four days after experiencing a medical emergency during a transatlantic flight from London to Los Angeles . Her final film , Star Wars : The Last Jedi , is scheduled to be released on December 15 , 2017 .

neg: Lewis Carroll: A Biography Lewis Carroll : A Biography is a 1995 biography of author Lewis Carroll by Morton N. Cohen , first published by Knopf , later by Macmillan . It is generally considered to be the definitive scholarly work on Carroll 's ( real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) life . Cohen 's approach is mainly chronological , with some chapters grouped by theme , such as those on Carroll 's religion , his love of little girls , and his guilty feelings . Cohen , a Carroll scholar for 30 years , opts to use Dodgson 's first name , Charles , throughout the work , because it `` seems most appropriate in a book dealing with the intimacy of his life '' .   The book generally assumes that Carroll 's love of little girls was not just emotional but sexual -- that he was a paedophile , albeit a suppressed one . In the book Cohen writes :  `` We can not know to what extent sexual urges lay behind Charles 's preference for drawing and photographing children in the nude . He contended that the preference was entirely aesthetic . But given his emotional attachment to children as well as his aesthetic appreciation of their forms , his assertion that his interest was strictly artistic is naïve . He probably felt more than he dared acknowledge , even to himself . ''  While attributing the source of Carroll 's chaotic emotional life to his sexual urges , Cohen opined that they were also responsible for his creative works .   Karoline Leach in In the Shadow of the Dreamchild ( 1999 ) writes that Cohen and previous biographers misunderstood the norms and customs of the Victorian era , and that Carroll 's adulation of children was not sexual but a reflection of the romanticisation of the child prevalent in that era . Contrariwise , a website set up by opponents ( including Leach ) of the tradition Carroll image , reports that while Cohen acknowledges the paedophilic nature of Carroll 's image , he `` Inexplicably he lists the numbers of intimate woman-friends that Dodgson had through his life , yet still concludes that his existence revolved exclusively around friendships with small girls ! ''   Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone in The Alice Companion : A Guide to Lewis Carroll 's Alice Books ( 1998 ) criticises the book for what they say is a poor treatment of Carroll 's involvement in controversies at the University of Oxford . Megan Harlan in Entertainment Weekly writes that `` This beautifully written bio never shies away from the house-of-mirrors complexity of its subject . '' An issue of Victorian Studies reported that there were issues with inconsistent references . Miles Edward Friend compares Cohen 's handling of the material to Carroll 's boat trips with the children , saying , `` With Cohen at the tiller , we are deftly guided through the flow of Carroll 's life . '' Ronald Warwick in Times Higher Education criticises Cohen 's interpretation of Carroll 's relationship with his archdeacon father ; his `` insecure grasp of 19th-century ecclesiastical history '' ; his prose , which Warwich called cliched ; and his choice to use Dodgson 's first name , which Warwick said was not used even by Dodgson 's most intimate male friends .

neg: Indie literature The National Literary Awards defines independent or `` indie '' literature as `` books published outside mainstream publishing . '' Such books are rarely recognized and hard to pin down , but some examples include `` Damastor '' by Dimitri Iatrou , `` Returning Home '' by Marcus Blake and `` Hope ... Joy ( and a Few Little Thoughts ) for Pregnant Teens '' by Rachel Brigoni .

neg: Rookies' Diary Rookie ´ s Diary is a novel created in Taiwan . It has a total of 43 episodes of approximately 1 hour each . It aired from July 2 , 2010 to April 22 , 2011 . Its genre is comedy and it is about the military . The novel is about how a group of teenagers trains in the military office for 36 days . During these 36 days , they work really hard . They made new friends and had lot of fun . Even though , they still worked hard and became more mature when they left the military service of 36 days . The director of the novel is named Wang Wei . He is a really successful Taiwanese director around the world .   This novel had a second season , in which some of the teenagers made a further military service at a higher level . In this military service , training was a lot harder and as you watched more you laughed more . As mentioned before , it is a comedy so during the novel there were a lot of scenes in which the actors made you laugh until you cry .

neg: Carrie Pilby Carrie Pilby is a coming-of-age novel by Caren Lissner , first published by Red Dress Ink in 2003 , then re-released on July 1 , 2010 for teenage readers under the new imprint Harlequin Teen . It was among the first novels published by Harlequin Enterprises 's Red Dress Ink imprint , an imprint created primarily to take advantage of the then-burgeoning `` chick lit '' phenomenon that included humorous books about young single women like Bridget Jones ' Diary .   In its first incarnation , Carrie Pilby was noted in various newspaper articles as one of the smarter and more original novels in the genre . It proved successful , selling more than 50,000 copies . Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times referred to the novel as `` hilarious '' in an August 10 , 2003 story . After the chick lit market became saturated , Harlequin stopped publishing novels under the Red Dress Ink imprint in 2009 , but Carrie Pilby was selected to be re-published on July 1 , 2010 as one of the first books in the new Harlequin Teen line for teenagers . It was republished with a new cover for teens and some of the technology referred to in the novel was slightly modernized ( Carrie was now renting DVDs instead of videos ) . The novel was released in France on June 1 , 2010 as one of the first four titles released under the French Harlequin imprint for teens , Darkiss .

neg: Female artist's novel Female artist 's novel is a literary subtype of Kunstlerroman which can be defined as a literary procedure which deals with the main female protagonist 's growing to maturity and gaining experience and independence as an artist , namely a writer . Based on the major assumptions of Kunstlerroman , female artist 's novel works as a portrayal of a woman 's artistic struggle as she acquires artistic freedom and masters the artistic craft of being a writer and gaining literary dexterity . The scope of the genre is deeply rooted in the main assumptions of Kunstlerroman , where the growth of the character is displayed from one 's youth to adulthood and deals with one 's emotional and personal development on the way to artistic fulfillment .   As opposed to Kunstlerroman , female artist 's novel focuses only on a female writer , who besides being a capable artist and creator of her own reality , is often to perform many social roles simultaneously ( e.g. the role of a wife , a mother , home guardian , etc. ) to meet expectations the society imposes on her .   The genre itself is more gendered due to its focus on a female position .

neg: Terry Louise Fisher Terry Louise Fisher ( born February 21 , 1946 ) is an American television producer , screenwriter and novelist .

neg: Sex columnist A sex columnist is a writer of a newspaper or magazine column about sex . Sex advice columns may take the form of essays or , more frequently , answers to questions posed by readers . Sex advice columns can usually be found in alt weekly newspapers , women 's magazines , health or fitness magazines , and student newspapers . While some are written by trained sexologists , many are penned by people lacking credentials in human sexuality and relationships , yet willing to divulge their opinions or personal bedroom antics .   The television series Sex and the City protagonist Carrie Bradshaw was a sex columnist , which author Candace Bushnell modeled after herself in her original non-fiction book based on a column of the same name . The show , which first aired in 1998 , is credited with the increase of sex columnists found in college campus newspapers and blogs , such as at Ivy League colleges and many other schools . One such columnist , Meghan Bainum , at the University of Kansas , Lawrence , placed in the 42nd annual William Randolph Hearst Foundation Journalism Awards Program ( 2001 -- 2002 ) for her column .   Anka Radakovich was the first of a new breed of sex columnists for whom `` every detail of the writer 's psyche is splayed across the page ... confessional journalism at its most intimate '' . Radakovich had written for the old Details magazine when it was a chronicle of downtown fashion and night life . After James Truman became editor-in-chief and transformed Details into a men 's magazine , he offered Radakovich a column in September 1990 . She became the first modern-day magazine sex columnist working for a mainstream men 's publication .

neg: Marisa Cleveland Marisa Cleveland is an American author and songwriter , a research and development director for The Seymour Agency , and a managing partner for Simeris Alliance . Her debut teen novel , Accidental Butterfly , hit the New York Times and USA Today bestsellers list as part of an anthology in June 2015 .   Cleveland was born in South Korea , adopted and raised in New Hampshire , and attended George Mason University for her bachelor 's and master 's degrees . She is a 2015 FACE award recipient for Arts and Culture , and a 2014 Forty under 40 honoree . She serves on the board of the Naples Press Club , and is a member of the Naples Pathways Coalition , Romance Writers of America , Contemporary Romance Writers , Young Adult Romance Writers of America , Southwest Florida Romance Writers , and the Marco Island Writers . Cleveland is also a member of Nashville Songwriters Association International and BMI .

neg: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' .   Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .

neg: Summer and the City Summer and the City is a young-adult novel written by Candace Bushnell . The sequel to The Carrie Diaries and the prequel to Sex and the City , it was first released as a hardcover on April 26 , 2011 .

neg: Fisher & Fisher Fisher & Fisher was an architectural firm based in Denver , Colorado named for partners William Ellsworth Fisher ( 1871 -- 1937 ) and Arthur Addison Fisher ( 1878 -- 1965 ) .   The firm was founded in 1892 by William Ellsworth Fisher as William Fisher , Architect . After ten years in practice alone , mainly designing starter homes , he partnered with Daniel Riggs Huntington from 1901 to 1905 as Fisher & Huntington , during which time the firm designed increasingly expensive residences and also commercial buildings . The firm then once more became William Fisher , Architect until 1907 , when William was joined by his younger brother Arthur Addison Fisher ; they worked together as William Fisher Architect and Brother until 1910 and then as William E. Fisher and Arthur A. Fisher , Architects until William 's death in 1937 . William 's son Alan B. Fisher , who had previously joined the firm , then became his uncle 's partner and the firm was renamed Arthur A. Fisher and Alan B. Fisher , Architects . From 1956 to 1959 they were joined by Rodney S. Davis as Fisher , Fisher and Davis ; on Arthur 's retirement the firm became Fisher and Davis . Finally beginning in 1967 , Alan Fisher was in partnership with John D. Reece and Hilary M. Johnson as Fisher , Reece and Johnson until his retirement in 1978 .   In Colorado , the firm worked on dozens of notable buildings , and has left a legacy unique in the state . Of 67 surviving buildings in Denver identifiable as being by Fisher & Fisher , 50 are either listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) , individually or as part of historic districts , or are eligible for listing . Although most work by Fisher & Fisher was in Denver , buildings by them elsewhere in the state and outside it are also listed . For example , William and Arthur Fisher planned the town of Parco , Wyoming ( now Sinclair ) and designed its public buildings .   The Fisher brothers were unusually innovative , and the firm 's buildings are in a variety of styles . The Railway Exchange Addition of 1909/13 and the connected Railway Exchange New Building of 1937 ( now the Hotel Monaco ) in downtown Denver show contrasting styles by the same firm . The New Building , by Fisher , Fisher & Hubbell , is one of Denver 's best Art Moderne works , although the architects denied at the time that it was `` modernistic '' .   In April 2011 one of their works , the Cowperthwaite home , was the 2011 Denver Designer Show House , a fundraiser involving interior decorators prior to the house coming to market .   Among lost works by the firm are the Lafayette Hughes and Gerald Hughes mansions .   Surviving works include ( with attribution ) :  Ashland Public Library , 207 N. 15th St. Ashland , NE ( Shankland , W.R. / Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed  Belcaro , 3400 Belcaro Dr. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed  Copperthwaite Home  Ideal Building , 821 17th St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed  Lorraine Lodge , SW of Golden Golden , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed  McPhee and McGinnity Building , 2301 Blake St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed  Neusteter Building , 720 Sixteenth St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed  St. Thomas Episcopal Church , 607 Fourth St. Alamosa , CO ( Fisher , William Ellsworth ; Fisher , Arthur Addison ) , NRHP-listed  Tower of Memories , 8500 W. 29th Ave. Wheat Ridge , CO ( Charles A. Smith , Fisher & Fisher , John Monroe ) , NRHP-listed  Tramway Building , 1100 14th St. Denver , CO ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed  Original public buildings in Parco Historic District , roughly bounded by Monroe Ave. , N. Fourth St. , Union and Lincoln Aves. , and N. Ninth St. Sinclair , WY ( Fisher & Fisher ) , NRHP-listed

neg: Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released five studio albums and 29 singles . Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of American Idol in 2005 . Her debut album , Some Hearts , was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history . It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) history , as well as the top-selling debut album of any American Idol contestant in the United States .   Her second album , Carnival Ride , was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 charts . During the first week , it sold 527,000 copies , which at the time was the best sales week by a female solo country artist since Shania Twain 's Greatest Hits sold 530,000 copies in its first week back in 2004 . The album has since been certified 4x Platinum .   Underwood released her third studio album , Play On , on November 3 , 2009 . It debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and the all-genre Billboard 200 . It features the number one singles `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' , and `` Undo It '' , as well as the number two single , `` Mama 's Song '' . The album has since been certified 3x Platinum in the US , Platinum in Canada , and Gold in Australia . On June 2011 , the album re-entered the Australian Albums Charts for both the ARIA National Top 50 and the Country Top 20 albums at number 14 and number one , respectively , giving Underwood her first number one album in Australia . The album was eventually certified Gold in Australia .   On May 1 , 2012 , Underwood released her fourth album , Blown Away . In the United States , it sold 267,000 albums in its first week and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the Top Country Albums charts . It debuted at number one in Canada 's Top 200 all-genre albums chart and Top 100 Country albums chart , being immediately certified Gold . The album also debuted at number one on Australia 's Top 20 Country Albums and number four on the all-genre Top 50 Albums . The album has been certified 2x Platinum in the United States and Canada .   On December 9 , 2014 , Underwood released her first greatest hits album , Greatest Hits : Decade # 1 . The compilation debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums charts , and set several records upon release , including having the biggest sales debut for a hits collection in any genre of music in more than six years and the biggest first-week sales for a female hits album in any genre in over nine years . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on January 16 , 2015 .   Underwood 's fifth studio album , Storyteller was released on October 23 , 2015 . The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 . This made Underwood the only country artist to have his or her first five studio albums debut at number one or number two on the Billboard 200 chart . It also debuted atop the Top Country Albums chart , earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24 , 2016 .   Underwood has sold in excess of 65 million records globally . In the United States , she has sold 16.3 million albums and over 34.8 million digital singles , making her the best-selling American Idol contestant of all-time . She is the top country artist and the fifth highest-certified female artist on the RIAA Top Artists ( Digital Singles ) Ranking . She is also the fourth biggest album seller among artists who have debuted the past 13 years . Underwood has accumulated 85 Billboard number-ones . She has had 15 singles top the Billboard Country Airplay , and 14 singles top the Hot Country Songs , respectively . Notably , Underwood garnered twenty-six consecutive top 10 singles on the Hot Country Songs chart , the longest streak of top ten singles for a country artist .

neg: Mary Helen Stefaniak Mary Helen Stefaniak is an American writer . She comes from the family of Croats from Hungary , that originates from Novo Selo ( Tótújfalu ) in Hungary , being thus a part of the indigenous Croatian minority in that country . She is the author of the books Self Storage and Other Stories , The Turk and My Mother , and The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia . Her collection of short stories Self Storage and Other Stories , received the Banta Award from the Wisconsin Library Association for the best book ( fiction or non-fiction ) published by a Wisconsin author in 1997 . She is also the winner of the Binghamton University John Gardner Fiction Book Award for her first novel , The Turk and My Mother , which has been translated into several languages . Stefaniak has been featured twice in the anthology New Stories from the South : The Year 's Best , ( 2000 and 2006 ) . In September 2010 , independent publishers rated her novel The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia as an Indie-Next `` Great Read '' .   She teaches creative writing at Creighton University in Omaha , Nebraska and is a faculty mentor at Pacific University in Forest Grove , Oregon . She and her husband live in Iowa City . They have a son , Jeff , and two daughters , Liz and Lauren .   In 2011 , she won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia . Anisfield-Wolf awards `` recognize books that have made important contributions to our understanding of racism and our appreciation for the rich diversity of human cultures . ''

neg: The Edible Woman The Edible Woman is a 1969 novel that helped to establish Margaret Atwood as a prose writer of major significance . It is the story of a young woman whose sane , structured , consumer-oriented world starts to slip out of focus . Following her engagement , Marian feels her body and her self are becoming separated . As Marian begins endowing food with human qualities that cause her to identify with it , she finds herself unable to eat , repelled by metaphorical cannibalism . In a foreword written in 1979 for the Virago edition of the novel , Atwood described it as a protofeminist rather than feminist work .   Atwood explores gender stereotypes through characters who strictly adhere to them ( such as Peter or Lucy ) and those who defy their constraints ( such as Ainsley or Duncan ) . The narrative point of view shifts from first to third person , accentuating Marian 's slow detachment from reality . At the conclusion , first person narration returns , consistent with the character 's willingness to take control of her life again . Food and clothing are major symbols used by the author to explore themes and grant the reader insight on each of the characters ' personalities , moods and motivations .   Setting is used to identify differences between the characters ; for example , Duncan is encountered in a mundane laundromat , gloomy theatre or sleazy hotel . In comparison , Peter inhabits genteel bars and a sparkling new apartment . However these changing environments are also used to explore different angles of existence , contrasting a freer , wilder glimpse of life , with a civilised , gilded cage . This highlights the difficulties presented to women in the era , where freedom was synonymous with uncertainty but marriage presented problems of its own .   This novel 's publication coincided with the rise of the women 's movement in North America , but is described by Atwood as `` protofeminist '' because it was written in 1965 and thus anticipated second wave feminism .

neg: Lauren Slater Lauren Slater ( born March 21 , 1963 ) is an American psychologist and writer . She is the author of seven books , including Welcome To My Country ( 1996 ) , Prozac Diary ( 1998 ) , and Lying : A Metaphorical Memoir ( 2000 ) . Her 2004 Opening Skinner 's Box : Great Psychology Experiments of the Twentieth Century , a description of psychology experiments `` narrated as stories , '' has drawn both praise and criticism . It was nominated for a Los Angeles Times Kirsch award for science and technology writing , and was named as a 2005 Bild Der Wissenschaft book of the year in Germany . Criticism has focused on Slater 's research methods and on the extent to which some of the experiences she describes may have been fictionalized .   Other awards Slater has won include the 1993 New Letters Literary Award in creative nonfiction , and the 1994 Missouri Review Award , and her work was included in The Best American Essays of 1994 and 1997 . She has contributed to The New York Times , Harper 's , and Elle .   The Village Voice has called her `` the closest thing we have to a doyenne of psychiatric disorder . ''

neg: Peter Fisher (activist) Peter Fisher ( May 19 , 1944 -- July 10 , 2012 ) was an American author and gay rights activist . An alumnus of Amherst College and Columbia University , he served in the US Air Force prior to becoming an early member of the Gay Activists Alliance , a protest group that split off from the Gay Liberation Front after the Stonewall riots with the goal of `` writing the revolution into law . '' Fisher led a number of the `` zaps '' , or protests targeted at public figures , organized by the GAA , as well as serving as an unofficial historian for the group .   Fisher received the Stonewall Book Award in 1972 for The Gay Mystique : The Myth and Reality of Male Homosexuality , later described as `` one of the first books to look at the subject from the inside rather than from a heterosexual 's viewpoint . '' His manuscripts and papers are archived at the Lesbian , Gay , Bisexual & Transgender Community Center in New York , together with those of his partner and fellow activist Marc Rubin . Never recovering from the death of his long-time companion Marc Rubin in 2007 , Fisher committed suicide in 2012 and their migled ashes were scattered in the back yard of the sister in Springfield , Massachusetts .

neg: Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings .   The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . ''   Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy .   Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . ''   The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque .   Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories .   The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''

neg: Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein ( February 3 , 1874 -- July 27 , 1946 ) was an American novelist , poet , playwright , and art collector . Born in the Allegheny West neighborhood of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , and raised in Oakland , California , Stein moved to Paris in 1903 , and made France her home for the remainder of her life . She hosted a Paris salon , where the leading figures of modernism in literature and art , such as Pablo Picasso , Ernest Hemingway , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Sinclair Lewis , Ezra Pound , and Henri Matisse , would meet .   In 1933 , Stein published a quasi-memoir of her Paris years , The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas , written in the voice of her life partner , Alice B. Toklas , an American-born member of the Parisian avant-garde . The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative obscurity of the cult-literature scene into the limelight of mainstream attention . Two quotes from her works have become widely known : `` Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose '' and `` there is no there there '' , with the latter often taken to be a reference to her childhood home of Oakland , California .   Her books include Q.E.D. ( Quod Erat Demonstrandum ) ( 1903 ) , about a lesbian romantic affair involving several of Stein 's female friends , Fernhurst , a fictional story about a romantic affair , Three Lives ( 1905 -- 06 ) , and The Making of Americans ( 1902 -- 1911 ) . In Tender Buttons ( 1914 ) , Stein commented on lesbian sexuality .   Her activities during World War II have been the subject of analysis and commentary . As a Jew living in Nazi-occupied France , Stein may have only been able to sustain her lifestyle as an art collector , and indeed to ensure her physical safety , through the protection of the powerful Vichy government official and Nazi collaborator Bernard Faÿ . After the war ended , Stein expressed admiration for another Nazi collaborator , Vichy leader Marshall Pétain . Some have argued that certain accounts of Stein 's wartime activities have amounted to a `` witch hunt '' .

neg: Heartburn (novel) Heartburn is an autobiographical novel based on Nora Ephron 's life story about her marriage to and divorce from Carl Bernstein , her second husband . Originally published in 1983 , the novel largely focuses on his affair with Margaret Jay , the daughter of former British Prime Minister James Callaghan . Ephron also wrote the screenplay for the film based on the novel starring Meryl Streep and Jack Nicholson .   The novel is a vivid depiction of the breakdown of a marriage . Its strong autobiographical content provides insight into one of the `` power couples '' of the late 1970s . It is Nora Ephron 's first published novel but in it she mentions subjects that she would go on to feature in future work such as When Harry Met Sally and Julie & Julia .   The narrator of the novel is Rachel Samstat , a food writer who is married to Mark Feldman , a political journalist . Rachel is a Jewish New Yorker who has moved to Washington , D.C. , to support her husband 's career . They have one son and Rachel is pregnant with their second child as the book begins . The book wittily describes the life of an upper middle class intellectual couple replete with neuroses -- Rachel is in group therapy , Mark agonizes over the mystifying disappearance of his socks . Threaded through the whole are recipes and anecdotes which drive the story along and humanize Samstat . In a New Yorker piece on novels that include recipes , Adam Gopnik writes , `` in Heartburn , the recipes serve both as a joke about what a food writer writing a novel would write and as a joke on novel-writing itself by someone who anticipates that she will not be treated as a ` real ' novelist . '' Rachel 's self-esteem takes a huge battering as Mark has an affair with Thelma Rice ( Margaret Jay ) and she takes her revenge by telling the Washington grapevine that Thelma has a venereal disease . The diamond engagement ring that is stolen from Rachel when she is at group therapy is pivotal to the plot . Remarkably she gets it back when the police catch the robber . The stone is loose in its setting and she takes it back to the `` family '' jeweler to get it fixed . Here she discovers that while she had been in the hospital giving birth , Mark had bought an expensive necklace for his lover Thelma . She sells the ring and the money enables her to go back to New York and start afresh .

neg: William Fisher (Royal Navy officer) William Fisher ( 18 November 1780 -- 30 September 1852 ) , was an officer of the Royal Navy and a novelist .   Fisher was the second son of John Fisher of Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , was born on 18 November 1780 , and entered the navy in 1795 . After serving in the North Sea , at the Cape of Good Hope , and in the Mediterranean , and as acting lieutenant of on the coast of Egypt , he was confirmed in the rank on 3 September 1801 . In 1805 he was lieutenant of during the chase of Pierre-Charles Villeneuve to the West Indies during the Trafalgar Campaign ; and in 1806 was promoted to be commander . In 1808 he commanded the 18-gun in the English Channel , and in the same ship , in 1809-10 , was employed in surveying off Mozambique . In March 1811 he was promoted to post-rank , and in 1816-17 commanded in succession the 20-gun ships and on the coast of Guinea , in both of which he captured several slavers and pirates , some of them after a desperate resistance . From March 1836 to May 1841 he commanded in the Mediterranean , and in 1840 , during the operations on the coast of Syria as part of the Egyptian -- Ottoman War , was employed as senior officer of the detached squadron off Alexandria , with the task of keeping open the mail communication through Egypt . For this service he received the Turkish gold medal and diamond decoration . He had no further service afloat , but became , in due course , a rear-admiral in 1847 .   During his retirement he wrote two novels : The Petrel , or Love on the Ocean , in 1850 , which passed through three editions , and Ralph Rutherford , a Nautical Romance , in 1851 . He died in London , on 30 September 1852 . Of Fisher 's novels , naval historian John Knox Laughton wrote `` A man who had been so long in the navy during a very stirring period , who had surveyed the Mozambique , and captured slavers and pirates , had necessarily plenty of adventures at command , which scarcely needed the complications of improbable love stories to make them interesting ; but the author had neither the constructive skill nor the literary talent necessary for writing a good novel , and his language throughout is exaggerated and stilted to the point of absurdity . ''   Fisher married , in 1810 , Elizabeth , sister of Sir James Rivett-Carnac , governor of Bombay , by whom he had two children , a daughter and a son .


query: Jack Nicholson has played someone.

pos: Jack Nicholson John Joseph `` Jack '' Nicholson ( born April 22 , 1937 ) is an American actor and filmmaker , who has performed for over 60 years . Nicholson is known for playing a wide range of starring or supporting roles , including satirical comedy , romance and dark portrayals of antiheroes and psychopathic characters . In many of his films , he has played the `` eternal outsider , the sardonic drifter , '' someone who rebels against the social structure .   Nicholson 's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy 's history . Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice , one for the drama One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1975 ) and the other for the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) . He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . Nicholson is one of three male actors to win three Academy Awards .   Nicholson is one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s ; the other is Michael Caine . He has won six Golden Globe Awards , and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001 . In 1994 , he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award .   Other films in which he has starred include the road movie Easy Rider ( 1969 ) , the drama Five Easy Pieces ( 1970 ) , the comedy-drama film The Last Detail ( 1973 ) , the neo-noir mystery film Chinatown ( 1974 ) , the drama The Passenger ( 1975 ) , and the epic film Reds ( 1981 ) .   He played Jack Torrance in Stanley Kubrick 's horror film The Shining ( 1980 ) , the Joker in Tim Burton 's superhero film Batman ( 1989 ) , and Frank Costello in Martin Scorsese 's neo-noir crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) . Other films include the legal drama A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) , the Sean Penn-directed mystery film The Pledge ( 2001 ) , and the comedy-drama About Schmidt ( 2002 ) .

neg: Frenchie Nicholson Herbert Charles Denton `` Frenchie '' Nicholson was a horse racing jockey and trainer .   Nicholson acquired his nickname after having been apprenticed in the French city of Chantilly , moving to a stable yard in Epsom to continue his training . He had a major success early on in his career , winning the 1936 Champion Hurdle on Victor Norman . He won the 1942 Cheltenham Gold Cup on Medoc II before the race was suspended for the remainder of the 2nd World War . Nicholson also rode the renowned Irish racehorse , Golden Miller . In 1946-47 he shared the Jockey 's Championship with Fred Rimell .   Following the war he worked as a trainer and was prominent in the training of jockeys both for steeplechase and flat racing . He trained , amongst others , Pat Eddery , Walter Swinburn , Mouse Morris , Brough Scott and Paul Cook at his Prestbury stables .   Nicholson 's son , David was also a jockey and trainer .

neg: Arrowhead (1953 film) Arrowhead is a 1953 western Technicolor film directed by Charles Marquis Warren and starring Charlton Heston and Jack Palance . The film is based on the novel Adobe Walls by W.R.Burnett . The screenplay was also by Charles Marquis Warren .

neg: Peter Nicholson (cartoonist) Peter Nicholson ( born 1946 ) is an Australian political cartoonist , caricaturist and sculptor , and a four-time winner of the Walkley Award for Journalism , with work published in The Age , The Australian , The Australian Financial Review , and the Nation Review newspapers .   Nicholson has also produced animated political cartoons for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation , the TV series Fast Forward and was involved in the Rubbery Figures television series .   Nicholson also created the busts of Bob Hawke , Malcolm Fraser , Paul Keating , John Howard and Kevin Rudd for Prime Ministers Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens .

neg: Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt .   The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .

neg: Jack Galloway Jack Stewart Galloway is a British actor .   His television credits include Mackenzie , The Mayor of Casterbridge , Bergerac , Maigret , The Paradise Club , and Blackbeard . His film credits include roles in A Bridge Too Far ( 1977 ) , Foreign Body ( 1986 ) , Dirty Weekend ( 1993 ) , Mrs Dalloway ( 1997 ) , A Different Loyalty ( 2004 ) , A Reel Life ( 2015 ) and Speed Love ( 2016 ) .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Young Dillinger Young Dillinger is a 1965 gangster film . It stars Nick Adams as the notorious criminal John Dillinger , and co-stars Robert Conrad , John Ashley and Mary Ann Mobley .

neg: Blonde Cobra Blonde Cobra is a 1963 short film directed by experimental filmmaker Ken Jacobs . Footage for the unique and at the time controversial film was shot by Bob Flieshner . Marc Siegel in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die states that the 33 minute film is `` generally considered to be one of the masterpieces of the New York underground film scene , and that it is a `` fascinating audio-visual testament to the tragicomic performance of the inimitable Jack Smith '' , who was a photographer and filmmaker and `` queer muse '' in New York avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s .   The film captures Smith wearing dresses and makeup , playing with dolls , and smoking marijuana . Paul Arthur writes that the film contains `` dizzying quasi-autobiographical rants '' which spin on sadism , and that like Jacobs ' Little Stabs At Happiness , it contains `` languid improvisations studded with the bare bones of narrative incident or , more accurately , its collapse '' . The film contains Smith droning and singing and wildly cooing and cackling in parts of the film . The `` lonely little boy '' episode about a little boy living in a large house with 10 rooms has been cited as being `` potentially repugnant to many viewers '' because of its exploration of sadism against children and childhood sexuality . In this episode the narrator confesses to have `` blown up the penis '' of a 7-year-old boy with a match . The film contains numerous other elements which were shocking at the time of release such as references to necrophilia , the use of the word `` cunt '' , the confession of a nun ( impersonated in a posh high-pitched voice by Smith ) to lesbianism , the holding of a giant would-be dildo , and a portrayal of tranvestites . The film features quotes such as `` Why shave when I ca n't think of a reason for living '' and `` life is a sad business '' , quoting Greta Garbo . `` Let 's Call the Whole Thing Off '' is then played , described as a `` burlesque rendering '' of Robert Siodmak 's 1944 film Cobra Woman . The last scene captures Smith stabbing a man in the chest . Hilary Radner and Moya Luckett consider the film to be a camp portrayal of Rose Hobart .

neg: Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States .   The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists .   Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .

neg: Devon Nicholson Devon Nicholson ( born October 16 , 1982 ) is a Canadian professional wrestler , who wrestles primarily under the name Hannibal . He was also known as Kid Nichols or Adam Lust . He has worked for various companies , including World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) , Great North Wrestling , the International Wrestling Association ( Puerto Rico ) ( IWA ) , the World Wrestling Council ( WWC , Puerto Rico ) and Stampede Wrestling as well as All Star Wrestling in the UK . He is the lead interviewer on `` The HANNIBAL TV '' Youtube channel .   As an amateur wrestler Nicholson is a former National Champion in freestlyle wrestling and Canadian Olympic Qualification Trial Silver medalist in Greco-Roman Wrestling . He has won the Canadian Open and Ontario Championships in grappling ( submission wrestling ) .   Nicholson is also an actor and has played such roles as a character named Sid in a Canadian feature film , Kenneyville , released by Robanzo Pictures in 2010 . He also was the feature performer in the Canadian documentary This is Hannibal , produced by Maximilian Moskal . The film appeared in multiple film festivals and won 3 awards at the 2013 Los Angeles Movie Awards . In 2014 , he had a role on the Science Fiction series `` Haphead , '' about a futuristic video game subculture .

neg: Jack Curtis (actor) Jack Curtis ( May 28 , 1880 -- March 16 , 1956 ) was an American actor of the silent era . He appeared in 157 films between 1915 and 1950 . He was born in San Francisco , California and died in Hollywood , California .

neg: John W. Nicholson John W. Nicholson ( born c. 1934 ) is an American retired Brigadier General of the United States Army who was appointed secretary of the American Battle Monuments Commission ( ABMC ) by President George W. Bush in January 2005 .

neg: The Desert Rats (film) The Desert Rats is a 1953 American black-and-white war film from 20th Century Fox , produced by Robert L. Jacks , directed by Robert Wise , that stars Richard Burton , James Mason , and Robert Newton . The film 's storyline concerns the Siege of Tobruk in North Africa during World War II .

neg: Jack Oakie Jack Oakie ( November 12 , 1903 -- January 23 , 1978 ) was an American actor , starring mostly in films , but also working on stage , radio and television . He is best remembered for portraying Napaloni in Chaplin 's The Great Dictator ( 1940 ) , receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor .

neg: Roughly Speaking (film) Roughly Speaking is a 1945 drama/comedy film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Rosalind Russell and Jack Carson . The plot involves a strong-minded mother keeping her family afloat through World War I and the Great Depression . The film was based on the autobiography of the same name , published in 1943 , by Louise Randall Pierson .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver .   The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels .   Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans .   The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .

neg: Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .

neg: Randle McMurphy Randle Patrick `` Mac '' McMurphy known as R.P. McMurphy , is the protagonist of Ken Kesey 's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1962 ) . He appears in the stage and film adaptations of the novel as well . Jack Nicholson portrayed Randle Patrick McMurphy in the film adaption , earning him an Academy Award for Best Actor . He was nominated on the `` Heroes '' list of AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains , but did not make the final list . He was ranked by film magazine Empire as the 61st Greatest Movie Character of All Time .

neg: Lew Irwin Lew Irwin has been a Los Angeles-based journalist for more than 50 years . He was the original anchor/reporter at KABC-TV from 1957 -- 1962 and the news director of Los Angeles radio stations KPOL , KRLA , KDAY , and KNX-FM . While at KRLA in the late 1960s , he created The Credibility Gap , a 15-minute news program , broadcast every three hours , that integrated topical satire and music with the news . He also has interviewed Presidents Harry Truman , John Kennedy , Lyndon Johnson , Dwight Eisenhower , and Ronald Reagan , as well as such show business personalities as The Beatles , the Rolling Stones , Frank Sinatra , David Bowie , Peter Sellers , Jack Nicholson , Dick Clark and Elvis Presley . He is the author of Sinatra , a Life Remembered , a coffee table book about Frank Sinatra and since 1992 has been the publisher/editor of the daily entertainment industry digest Studio Briefing .


query: Election (1999 film) is based on a book by Tom Perrotta.

pos: Election (1999 film) Election is a 1999 American black comedy-drama film directed and written by Alexander Payne and adapted by him and Jim Taylor from Tom Perrotta 's 1998 novel of the same title . The plot revolves around a high school election and satirizes both suburban high school life and politics . The film stars Matthew Broderick as Jim McAllister , a popular high school social studies teacher in suburban Omaha , Nebraska , and Reese Witherspoon as Tracy Flick , around the time of the school 's student body election . When Tracy qualifies to run for class president , McAllister believes she does not deserve the title and tries his best to stop her from winning .   Although a box office bomb , Election received critical acclaim . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay , a Golden Globe nomination for Witherspoon in the Best Actress category , and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Film in 1999 .

neg: Sarah Perrotta Sarah Perrotta ( born 1979 , United States ) is a Hudson Valley based singer , songwriter and pianist . Perrotta was the front woman of the indie-rock band Outloud Dreamer whose debut album `` Drink The Sky '' was named best modern rock album of 2000 by WKZE Radio 98.1 FM . Perrotta 's second album `` The Well '' was self-released in 2008 and features Tony Levin on bass and Garth Hudson on accordion . The album was mixed by Grammy Award winner Malcolm Burn . Her most recent record is entitled tonight released under her surname .  Perrotta has toured nationally and internationally with Barenaked Ladies , Guster , Jason Collett , Sarah Harmer , Gaelic Storm , Kevin Hearn and Garth Hudson .

neg: Election Special Election Special is the 2012 fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ry Cooder . After his 2011 album Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down , Cooder continued writing topical and storyline-inspired songs . Displeased with the Republican Party and its financial supporters , he also wanted to write an album that would address listeners during the United States presidential election of 2012 , which he believed to be a critical event in the country 's history . Election Special was recorded mostly at Drive-By Studios in North Hollywood and produced by Cooder .   Election Special is an American roots and blues rock album of protest songs with music characterized by upbeat melodies , simple instrumentation , and sparse arrangements . Cooder played all of the instruments , including bass , guitar , and mandolin , with the exception of drums by his son Joachim . A deeply political album , it expands on the socio-political musings and current event topics of Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down with forthright , satirical lyrics and song-form vignettes . Cooder 's songwriting exhibits liberal and populist sentiments and draws on older musical sources such as broadside ballads and country blues .   Election Special was released by Perro Verde Records and Nonesuch Records on August 16 , 2012 , one week before the 2012 Republican National Convention . It received generally positive reviews from critics , who complimented its topical protest songs and Cooder 's musicianship . The album peaked at number 164 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US , but charted significantly higher in other countries . Cooder did not tour in promotion of the album , citing a lost interest in both playing large concert venues and the commercial aspect of releasing records .

neg: O: A Presidential Novel O : A Presidential Novel is a fiction book by an anonymous author ( speculated to be John McCain 's 2008 senior campaign advisor , Mark Salter ) about the 2012 U.S. presidential race . It was released on January 25 , 2011 . The marketing strategy for the book has been compared to the 1996 roman à clef , Primary Colors : A Novel of Politics , which was also initially ascribed to an anonymous author . Its stated objective is to `` offer some resonant truths about what President Obama is really thinking '' .   As part of its pre-publication publicity , Simon & Schuster sent an e-mail to numerous writers and journalists asking them to decline to comment if they are asked whether they are the anonymous author . The publisher has said that the author `` has been in the room with Barack Obama '' , prompting speculation on whether he or she is a political reporter , an administration insider , or a Democratic Party strategist . The New York Times remarked , however , that `` much of what passes for inside knowledge in these pages would be known to anyone who 's read a bunch of campaign accounts '' .   Shortly after the book was published , Mark Halperin of Time reported that his sources had confirmed the author is McCain aide Mark Salter .

neg: Santa Evita Santa Evita is a 1995 novel by the Argentine writer Tomás Eloy Martínez . In a blend of fact and fiction , the novel focuses on the Argentine first lady Eva Perón , and tracks her embalmed corpse after her death from cancer at age 33 . The book became a bestseller in Argentina and has been widely translated . Worldwide , it estimated to have sold 10 million copies , which makes it one of the best-selling books of all time .

neg: Polling place A polling place is where voters cast their ballots in elections .   The phrase polling station is also used in American English and in British English , although polling place is the building and polling station is the specific room ( or part of a room ) where voters cast their votes . A polling place can contain one or more polling stations .   Since elections generally take place over a one - or two-day span on a periodic basis , often annual or longer , polling places are usually located in facilities used for other purposes , such as schools , churches , sports halls , local government offices , or even private homes , and may each serve a similar number of people . The area may be known as a ward , precinct , polling district or constituency . The polling place is staffed by officials ( who may be called election judges , returning officers or other titles ) who monitor the voting procedures and assist voters with the election process . Scrutineers ( or poll-watchers ) are independent or partisan observers who attend the poll to ensure the impartiality of the process .   The facility will be open between specified hours depending on the type of election , and political activity by or on behalf of those standing in the ballot is usually prohibited within the venue and immediately surrounding area .   Inside the polling place will be an area ( usually a voting booth ) where the voter may select the candidate or party of their choice in secret . If a ballot paper is used this will be placed into a ballot box in front of witnesses who can not see for whom the vote has been cast . Voting machines may be employed instead .   Some polling places are temporary structures . A portable cabin may be specially sited for an election and removed afterwards .   There are five different types of voting technologies that are currently being used in the United States polling locations . These include hand counted paper ballots , mechanical lever machines , punch cards , optically scanned paper ballots , and electronic voting machines . Each location is charged with learning the technology and implementing the process to vote in each election .

neg: Post-truth politics Post-truth politics ( also called post-factual politics ) is a political culture in which debate is framed largely by appeals to emotion disconnected from the details of policy , and by the repeated assertion of talking points to which factual rebuttals are ignored . Post-truth differs from traditional contesting and falsifying of truth by rendering it of `` secondary '' importance . While this has been described as a contemporary problem , there is a possibility that it has long been a part of political life , but was less notable before the advent of the Internet . In the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four , George Orwell cast a world in which the state changes historic records daily to fit its propaganda goals of the day .   Political commentators have identified post-truth politics as ascendant in American , Australian , British , Chinese , Indian , Japanese , Russian and Turkish politics , as well as in other areas of debate , driven by a combination of the 24-hour news cycle , false balance in news reporting , and the increasing ubiquity of social media . In 2016 , `` post-truth '' was chosen as the Oxford Dictionaries ' Word of the Year , due to its prevalence in the context of that year 's Brexit referendum and U.S. presidential election .

neg: Mock election A mock election is an election organized for educational or transformative purposes .

neg: Gump and Co. Gump & Co. ( or Forrest Gump and Co. ) is a 1995 novel by Winston Groom . It is the sequel to his novel Forrest Gump ( 1986 ) , and the Academy Award-winning film of the same name released in 1994 , with Tom Hanks . It was written to chronicle Forrest 's life throughout the 1980s .

neg: Syncretic politics Syncretic politics or spectral-syncretic refers to politics outside the conventional left -- right political spectrum . The term syncretic politics has been derived from the idea of syncretism ( syncretic religion ) . The main idea of syncretic politics is that taking political positions of neutrality by combining elements associated with the left and right can achieve a goal of reconciliation . Since this umbrella term is defined by the negation of the two standard poles of a given one-dimensional political spectrum , it refers to quite heterogeneous approaches .   The Falange of Spain presented itself as syncretic . Falangism has attacked both the left and the right as its `` enemies '' , declaring itself to be neither left nor right , but a third position .   In Hungary there has been a strong presence of syncretic political parties since the revolutions of 1989 . They won the election in 1990 forming a coalition government : Hungarian Democratic Forum , Independent Smallholders , Agrarian Workers and Civic Party and KDNP . KDNP later became a close ally of FIDESZ , losing this attribute in the process . After the first 4-year term syncretic parties went into a decline , many of them disappearing and only two new ones emerging since then : Hungarian Justice and Life Party and Politics Can Be Different , the latter still being present in the Hungarian parliament . Notable politicians are prime minister József Antall , minister of agriculture and rural development József Torgyán and green leader András Schiffer .   At the peak of the Cold War , the former Argentinian President Juan Perón ( 1946 -- 55 ; 1973 -- 74 ) defined the international position of his doctrine ( Peronism ) as a third position between capitalism and communism , a stance which became a precedent of the Non-Aligned Movement .   In the United States , `` third way '' adherents embrace fiscal conservatism to a greater extent than traditional social liberals , and advocate some replacement of welfare with workfare , and sometimes have a stronger preference for market solutions to traditional problems ( as in pollution markets ) , while rejecting pure laissez-faire economics and other libertarian positions . This style of governing was firmly adopted and partly redefined during the administration of President Bill Clinton . Political scientist Stephen Skowronek introduced the term `` third way '' into the interpretation of American presidential politics . Such presidents undermine the opposition by borrowing policies from it in an effort to seize the middle and with it to achieve political dominance . This technique is known as triangulation , and was used by Bill Clinton and other New Democrats who sought to move beyond the party 's New Deal liberalism reputation in response to the political realignment of the 1980s . Through this strategy , Clinton adopted themes associated with the Republican Party , such as fiscal conservatism , welfare reform , deregulation , and law and order policies . Famously , he declared in the 1996 State of the Union Address , `` the era of big government is over . ''   In the United Kingdom , the emergence of New Labour under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown was a pitch for the Third Way , mixing economic neo-liberal policies , such as banking privatisation , with socially progressive policies .

neg: Market populism Market populism , coined by Thomas Frank , is the concept that the free market is more democratic than any democracy . Frank himself does not believe this premise and sets forth arguments against it in his book One Market Under God . The concept received major widespread prominence in the 1990s when it was used to justify the New Economy , which consisted of a long bullish trend , and support for the free market .

neg: Tom's Midnight Garden (film) Tom 's Midnight Garden is a 1999 family fantasy film directed by Willard Carroll and starring Nigel Le Vaillant , Marlene Sidaway and Serena Gordon . After going to stay with his uncle a boy is disappointed that he does n't have a garden he can play in . However , he discovers a secret garden that only appears in the middle of the night . It was based on the novel Tom 's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce .

neg: The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 .   The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President .   McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 .   The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously :   -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' .   The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . ''   In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .

neg: Vinegar Hill (novel) Vinegar Hill is a 1994 novel by A. Manette Ansay . It was chosen as an Oprah 's Book Club selection in November 1999 . It was adapted as a television film in 2005 , starring Mary-Louise Parker and Tom Skerritt .

neg: A Delicate Truth A Delicate Truth is a 2013 spy novel by John le Carré . Set in 2008 and 2011 , the book features a British/American covert mission in Gibraltar and the subsequent consequences for two British civil servants .   Le Carré describes this as not only his most British novel but also his most autobiographical work in years . The author told The Daily Telegraph that he has based two of the book 's characters on himself . Le Carré sees Toby Bell as `` the thirty-something rising star of Her Majesty 's Foreign Service ... the striving ambitious fellow I fancy myself to have been at much the same age . `` whereas Sir Christopher ( `` Kit '' ) Probyn is `` a retired Foreign Office civil servant , who lives in rural Cornwall . `` the author has `` lived in a clifftop house outside St Buryan , near Land 's End , for more than 40 years . ''   The novel may be loosely based on Operation Flavius , the 1988 operation during which three members of the Provisional IRA were shot dead by the British SAS in Gibraltar .

neg: Animal Farm (1999 film) Animal Farm is a made-for-TV film released in 1999 by Hallmark Films and broadcast on the American cable channel TNT . It is an adaptation of the 1945 George Orwell novel of the same name . The film tells the story of farm animals successfully revolting against their human owner , only to slide into a more brutal tyranny among themselves . The film received mixed reviews when it was broadcast , with much criticism directed at its ending .

neg: Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law .   The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .

neg: Richard Pildes Richard H. Pildes is a law professor at the New York University School of Law and a leading expert on election law . He is one of the nation 's leading scholars of public law and a specialist in legal issues affecting democracy .   The son of two Chicago-area physicians , Pildes received his A.B. , summa cum laude , in physical chemistry from Princeton University in 1979 , and his J.D. , magna cum laude , from Harvard Law School in 1983 . He clerked for Judge Abner J. Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia and for Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court ( where he clerked alongside future colleague and NYU Law Dean Richard Revesz ) , after which he practiced law in Boston . He began his academic career at the University of Michigan Law School , where he was assistant and then full professor of law from 1988 until 1999 , when he joined the NYU School of Law faculty . He has been a visiting professor at the University of Chicago Law School , Harvard Law School , and the University of Texas Law School .   In the area of democracy , Pildes , along with the co-authors of his widely used casebook , The Law of Democracy , has helped to create a new field of study in law schools . Pildes is a leading scholar on the topics of the Voting Rights Act , alternative voting systems ( such as cumulative voting ) , the history of disfranchisement in the United States , and the general relationship between constitutional law and democratic politics in the design of democratic institutions themselves . His work in these areas has been frequently cited in United States Supreme Court opinions .   Pildes gives frequent public lectures and appearances , and was part of the ABC News team that was nominated for an Emmy Award for its coverage of the 2000 Presidential election litigation . During the 2000 Presidential election controversy , he had an exclusive media contract with NBC and appeared frequently on NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw , MSNBC , and WNBC-TV . He is also an active public intellectual and public-law litigator . He has written for The New York Times , The Wall Street Journal , The New Republic , The American Prospect , and other such publications . Apart from his academic work , Pildes has also served as a federal court-appointed independent expert on voting rights litigation , an assistant to a special master for the redistricting of a state legislature , and has worked with North Carolina in redistricting litigation before the United States Supreme Court . He was assisted with one of his casebooks by then-University of Chicago Law School lecturer Barack Obama .

neg: Exposure (Peet novel) Exposure is a sports novel for young adults by Mal Peet , published by Walker Books in 2008 . Inspired by William Shakespeare 's Othello , the story follows Otello , a black association football player and his high-profile relationship with Desmerelda , a white celebrity . It also has a parallel plot about three street kids trying to live life in abject poverty .   Peet and Exposure won the annual Guardian Children 's Fiction Prize , a once-in-a-lifetime book award judged by a panel of British children 's writers .   Walker 's North American division Candlewick Press published the first U.S. edition in 2009 .

neg: Special election musical chairs `` Special election musical chairs '' is a term used by editorialists to describe a series of special elections triggered by the mid-term resignation or death of an officeholder , with elections being won by other officeholders , triggering further special elections until either the next election required to replace a vacant office is scheduled on a regular election day or the winner of an election does not create a vacancy in any elected office .   A well-known example is the series of five special elections held in the Oakland-Berkeley area from April 1998 to April 1999 . It began with the mid-term retirement of well-known Congressman Ron Dellums , and ended one year later with the unexpected election to the California State Assembly of Green Party candidate Audie Bock - by which time turnout had fallen to just 15 % of registered voters .

neg: The Appointment (novel) The Appointment ( Heute wär ich mir lieber nicht begegnet ) is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Herta Müller , published in German in 1997 . The novel , one of several for which the author was known when winning the Nobel in 2009 , was published in English by Metropolitan Books and Picador , a Macmillan imprint , in 2001 . The novel portrays the humiliations of Communist Romania , told from the perspective of a young woman working as a clothing-factory worker who has been summoned by the secret police . She is accused of sewing notes into the linings of men 's suits bound for Italy asking that the recipient marry her to help her get out of the country .