query: Jules Dumont d'Urville was born on May 13, 1790.

pos: Jules Dumont d'Urville Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville ( 23 May 1790 -- 8 May 1842 ) was a French explorer , naval officer and rear admiral , who explored the south and western Pacific , Australia , New Zealand and Antarctica . As a botanist and cartographer he left his mark , giving his name to several seaweeds , plants and shrubs , and places such as D'Urville Island .

neg: Rose-Adélaïde Ducreux Rose-Adélaïde Ducreux ( 1761 -- July 26 , 1802 ) was a French painter and musician , born in Paris . Eldest daughter of Joseph Ducreux , with whom she also studied , she showed at the Louvre Salons in 1791 , 1793 , 1795 , 1798 , and 1799 . She was accomplished both as a performer and as a composer .   Ducreux first exhibited at one of Pahin de la Blancherie 's bi-weekly exhibitions , known as the Salon de la Correspondance , in 1786 . This self-portrait in pastel , the location of which is currently unknown , depicted the artist in the act of painting . Her self-portraits often included musical and artistic attributes .   A self-portrait of Ducreux seated at a piano-forte , c. 1785 and formerly part of the Erlanger Collection , was misattributed to Jacques-Louis David for a long time , as were other works by her . Work by Decreux has also been misattributed to her contemporaries Antoine Vestier and Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun . Ducreux made her debut at the Louvre Salon in 1791 , for which she submitted a portrait of a young woman and a life-size , full-length self-portrait in which she is depicted playing the harp ; the latter oil on canvas is now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art , though many of her works remain untraced today . She never signed her work . As with many women artists in the eighteenth century , Ducreux paints herself with an object of accomplishment , the harp , rather than her painterly tools in the fashoin of her male counterparts .   In her brief career , Ducreux exhibited at a number of important exhibitions beginning in 1786 and continuing until 1799 , including the January 1786 Salon de la Correspondance , and the 1791 Salon at the Louvre . She showed two works at the latter show , including her most famous work , Self-Portrait with a Harp .   In 1802 Ducreux moved to Saint-Domingue , where she married the maritime prefect , François-Jacques Lequoy de Montgiraud . She died shortly after of yellow fever .

neg: Dandy A dandy historically , is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance , refined language , and leisurely hobbies , pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self . A dandy could be a self-made man who strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background , especially in late 18th - and early 19th-century Britain .   Previous manifestations of the petit-maître ( French for small master ) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost , but the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s , both in London and in Paris . The dandy cultivated cynical reserve , yet to such extremes that novelist George Meredith , himself no dandy , once defined cynicism as `` intellectual dandyism . '' Some took a more benign view ; Thomas Carlyle wrote in Sartor Resartus that a dandy was no more than `` a clothes-wearing man '' . Honoré de Balzac introduced the perfectly worldly and unmoved Henri de Marsay in La fille aux yeux d'or ( 1835 ) , a part of La Comédie Humaine , who fulfils at first the model of a perfect dandy , until an obsessive love-pursuit unravels him in passionate and murderous jealousy .   Charles Baudelaire defined the dandy , in the later `` metaphysical '' phase of dandyism , as one who elevates æsthetics to a living religion , that the dandy 's mere existence reproaches the responsible citizen of the middle class : `` Dandyism in certain respects comes close to spirituality and to stoicism '' and `` These beings have no other status , but that of cultivating the idea of beauty in their own persons , of satisfying their passions , of feeling and thinking ... . Dandyism is a form of Romanticism . Contrary to what many thoughtless people seem to believe , dandyism is not even an excessive delight in clothes and material elegance . For the perfect dandy , these things are no more than the symbol of the aristocratic superiority of mind . ''   The linkage of clothing with political protest had become a particularly English characteristic during the 18th century . Given these connotations , dandyism can be seen as a political protest against the levelling of egalitarian principles , often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values , such as the ideals of `` the perfect gentleman '' or `` the autonomous aristocrat '' . Paradoxically , the dandy required an audience , as Susann Schmid observed in examining the `` successfully marketed lives '' of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron , who exemplify the dandy 's roles in the public sphere , both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal . Nigel Rodgers in The Dandy : Peacock or Enigma ? questions Wilde 's status as a genuine dandy , seeing him as someone who only assumed a dandified stance in passing , not a man dedicated to the exacting ideals of dandyism .

neg: 18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1 , 1701 to December 31 , 1800 in the Gregorian calendar . During the 18th century , the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions . Philosophy and science increased in prominence . Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age . This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789 - , though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror ( 1793-1794 ) under Maximilien Robespierre . At first , many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals , but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution . The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion , taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768 . As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe 's military improvements during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) , causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century .   The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state . The once-powerful and vast kingdom , which had once conquered Moscow and defeated great Ottoman armies , collapsed under numerous invasions . Its semi-democratic government system was not robust enough to rival the neighboring monarchies of the Kingdom of Prussia , the Russian Empire and the Archduchy of Austria which divided the Commonwealth territories between themselves , changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years .   European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as the Age of Sail continued . Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in North America in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India . However , Britain lost many of its North American colonies after the American Revolution , which resulted in the formation of the newly independent United States of America . The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine . Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century , steam-powered machinery would radically change human society and the environment .   Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work . For example , the `` short '' 18th century may be defined as 1715 -- 1789 , denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution , with an emphasis on directly interconnected events . To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements , the `` long '' 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later .

neg: Adrien Duquesnoy Adrien Dusquenoy ( 26 November 1759 -- 3 March 1808 ) was a leading figure in the French Revolution .   Dusquenoy was born in Briey . He was elected as a deputy for Nancy , where he had been Mayor , for the third estate in the Estates General of 1789 . He took part in the Storming of the Bastille , where he remarked famously , `` Yes , truly we shall be free ! Our hands will never wear shackles again . ''   He subsequently joined the National Convention , where he was regarded as a moderate . He came under the suspicion of the Committee of Public Safety late in the ` Reign of Terror ' , but was saved from the guillotine by the Thermidorian Reaction .   Under Napoleon , he worked at the Ministry of the Interior .

neg: Sibylle Riqueti de Mirabeau Sibylle Aimée Marie-Antoinette Gabrielle de Riquetti de Mirabeau , Comtesse de Martel de Janville ( 16 August 1849 -- 28 June 1932 ) was a French writer who wrote under the pseudonym Gyp .   She was born at the château de Coëtsal near Plumergat , in the département of the Morbihan , in Brittany , her father , Joseph-Arundel de Riquetti , comte de Mirabeau , 1820 -- 1860 , being the great-grandson of Victor de Riquetti , marquis de Mirabeau ( Mirabeau Père ) , noted 18th-century economist , and grandnephew of Honoré Mirabeau the celebrated revolutionary orator . In view of her later opinions , it is interesting to remember that Sibylle was actually descended from Octave Mirabeau 's royalist younger brother , André-Boniface-Louis de Riquetti , vicomte de Mirabeau , ( 1754 -- 1792 ) known as Mirabeau-Tonneau because of his notorious embonpoint , who famously broke his sword in front of France 's Revolutionary Assembly ( where he represented the nobility of the Limousin ) while bitterly crying out : `` now that The King is giving up his kingdom , a nobleman no longer needs a sword to fight for him ! ''   Although , in her memoires , `` Gyp '' stated that she had been born on August 15 , which happens to have been Napoleon Bonaparte 's birthday , her birth certificate reads `` morning of August 16 , 1849 '' , according to her biographer , W. Z. Silvermann . At her father 's request , the name on her birth certificate was revised to read `` Sibylle Aimée Marie Antoinette Gabrielle '' .   Sibylle 's mother , the comtesse de Mirabeau , née de Gonneville ( 1827 -- 1903 ) was also a writer , who contributed to Le Figaro . In 1869 , Sibylle married count Roger de Martel de Janville , by whom she had three children .   Gyp wrote humorous sketches and novels which brazenly denounced her own fashionable society as well as the French republic 's political class . She hated republicanism , populist democracy , and party shenanigans ; supported Boulanger ; and was a fanatical anti-Semite & anti-Dreyfusard ; in fact , while testifying at a court case in 1899 she gave her profession as `` anti-Semite '' rather than `` writer '' . She began with some articles in La Vie parisienne in February 1877 , then in La Revue des Deux Mondes . Starting in 1880 , she began to publish in book form , under the pseudonym of Gyp , a total of more than 120 works , many highly successful : Petit Bob , ( 1882 ) , Les Chasseurs , Un trio turbulent , Autour du mariage ( 1883 ) , Ce que femme veut ( 1883 ) , Sans voiles ( 1885 ) , Autour du divorce ( 1886 ) , Dans le train ( 1886 ) , Mademoiselle Loulou ( 1888 ) , Bob au salon ( 1889 ) , L'éducation d'un prince ( 1890 ) , Passionette ( 1891 ) , Oh ! la grande vie ( 1891 ) , Une Election à Tigre-sur-mer ( 1890 ) , based on Gyp 's experience supporting a boulangiste candidate , Marriage civil ( 1892 ) , Ces bons docteurs ( 1892 ) De haut en bas ( 1893 ) , Le Mariage de Chiffon ( 1894 ) , Leurs âmes ( 1895 ) , Le Cœur d'Ariane ( 1895 ) , Le Bonheur de Ginette ( 1896 ) , Totote ( 1897 ) , Lune de miel ( 1898 ) , Israel ( 1898 ) , L'Entrevue ( 1899 ) , Le Pays des champs ( 1900 ) , Trop de chic ( 1900 ) , Le Friquet ( 1901 ) , La Fée ( 1902 ) , Un Mariage chic ( 1903 ) , Un Ménage dernier cri ( 1903 ) , Maman ( 1904 ) , Le Cœur de Pierrette ( 1905 ) , Les Flanchards ( 1917 ) , Souvenirs d'une petite fille ( 1927 -- 1928 ) , etc. .   Her best-known work is probably Le Mariage de Chiffon , filmed in 1942 by Claude Autant-Lara .   Because of her unpopular opinions , the comtesse was the victim of several attempts on her life as well as of a sensational kidnapping .   Gyp , self-styled `` last of the Mirabeaus '' , died at Neuilly-sur-Seine on 28 June 1932 .

neg: Horace Coignet Horace Coignet ( 13 May 1735 - 29 August 1821 ) was a French amateur violinist , singer and composer . He was active in Lyons as a pattern-designer and dealer in embroidered goods , as an official clerk and as musical director of the city from 1794 . He became the music instructor to the Duchesse d'Aumont in Paris ( at the same time serving as corresponding member of the Lyons Academy ) , and later returned to Lyons where he served on the directorial board of the conservatory . He was known as a gifted violinist , and composed harpsichord pieces , romances , a set of Trois duos concertants de violon et fugues , a revolutionary hymn for the Rousseau celebration at Lyons ( 14 October 1794 ) and some theatrical music ( including an opera comique , Le medicin de l'amour , and an overture to La Harpe 's Melanie . ) His most notable work the music for Jean-Jacques Rousseau 's 1762 short play Pygmalion , first performed in Lyon in 1770 was a success and soon became known throughout Europe .

neg: Honoré d'Urfé Honoré d'Urfé , marquis de Valromey , comte de Châteauneuf ( 11 February 15681 June 1625 ) was a French novelist and miscellaneous writer .

neg: Jean Dornal de Guy Jean Dornal de GuyThe name is sometimes written `` Dornaldeguy '' ( 13 October 1771 in Urrugne -- 10 May 1855 in Saint Jean de Luz ) was a French naval officer .

neg: Comte de Lautréamont Comte de Lautréamont ( -LSB- lotʁeamɔ̃ -RSB- ) was the pseudonym of Isidore-Lucien Ducasse ( 4 April 1846 -- 24 November 1870 ) , a French poet born in Uruguay . His only works , Les Chants de Maldoror and Poésies , had a major influence on modern literature , particularly on the Surrealists and the Situationists . He died at the age of 24 .

neg: Louis Dumont (disambiguation) Louis Dumont may refer to :   Louis Dumont ( 1911 -- 1998 ) , French anthropologist  Louis Dumont ( ice hockey ) ( born 1973 ) , Canadian ice hockey player  Pierre Étienne Louis Dumont ( 1759 -- 1829 ) , French political writer

neg: Pierre Douville Pierre Douville ( August 7 , 1745 -- July 17 , 1794 ) was a French-Canadian naval Captain and Lieutenant who served in the American Revolution and French Revolution . Born on present day Prince Edward Island , Douville survived the 1758 Acadian deportation to France . He joined the French Navy and lived in Rhode Island during the American Revolution . During the American Revolution , he served as a French military intelligence officer who provided General George Washington with British ship and troop movements . Douville also took part in a smuggling mission in 1775 , when he brought weapons and gunpowder from the French West Indies to the United States . Douville was one of the original members of the Society of the Cincinnati . Douville died in 1794 fighting for the French during the Glorious First of June .

neg: Henri Jules, Prince of Condé Henri Jules de Bourbon ( Paris , 29 July 1643 -- Paris , 1 April 1709 ) was prince de Condé , from 1686 to his death . At the end of his life he suffered from clinical lycanthropy and was considered insane .

neg: Jean d'Outremeuse Jean d'Outremeuse or Jean des Preis ( Liège , 1338-1400 ) was a writer and historian who wrote two romanticised historical works and a lapidary .   La Geste de Liége is an account of the mythical history of his native city , Liège , written partly in prose and partly in verse . It was probably based on an existing text and consists of three books : book one , in 40,000 lines , book two , in 12,224 lines with prose summaries , book three , has been lost , but a few passages have been found .   Ly Myreur des Histors ( `` The Mirror of Histories '' ) is a more ambitious narrative , purporting to be a history of the world from the flood up to the 14th century . It combines Vincent de Beauvais 's early works Ogier le Danois and the Geste de Liège into a universal history , from the fall of Troy to 1340 , mixing real and legendary events .   The Liège herald , Louis Abry ( 1643-1720 ) , refers to the lost fourth book of the Myreur des Hystors of Johans des Preis , styled d'Oultremeuse . In this `` Jean de Bourgogne , dit a la Barbe '' , is said to have revealed himself on his deathbed to d'Oultremeuse , whom he made his executor , and to have described himself in his will as `` messire Jean de Mandeville , chevalier , comte de Montfort en Angleterre et seigneur de l'isle de Campdi et du château Pérouse '' . It is added that , having had the misfortune to kill an unnamed count in his own country , he engaged himself to travel through the three parts of the world , arrived at Liège in 1343 , was a great naturalist , profound philosopher and astrologer , and had a remarkable knowledge of physics . And the identification is confirmed by the fact that in the now destroyed church of the Guillemins was a tombstone of Mandeville , with a Latin inscription stating that he was otherwise named `` ad Barbam '' , was a professor of medicine , and died at Liège on November 17 , 1372 : this inscription is quoted as far back as 1462 .   Tresorier de philosophie naturelle des pierres precieuses ( a lapidary )  This book is a compilation of recipes for making fake gems by coloring glasses by various means . It is of interest to glassworkers or historians seeking to understand the manufacture of ancient glass or fake gems adorning various pieces of goldsmith 's work .

neg: Le Conservatoire Le Conservatoire , or A Marriage by Advertisement ( Konservatoriet eller et Avisfrieri ) is a two-act vaudeville ballet created by the Danish choreographer and ballet master August Bournonville in 1849 for the Royal Danish Ballet . The ballet 's setting is a dance studio at the Conservatoire de Paris . Bournonville studied at the Paris Conservatoire in the 1820s with the renowned dancer Auguste Vestris . The ballet launched the career of prima ballerina Juliette Price . A divertissement within the larger work called `` The Dancing School '' ( Pas d'école ) permitted Bournonville to display the basics of his style and raise them to the level of enduring art .

neg: Exposition Universelle (1889) The Exposition Universelle of 1889 ( -LSB- ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl -RSB- ) was a world 's fair held in Paris , France , from 6 May to 31 October 1889 .   It was held during the year of the 100th anniversary of the storming of the Bastille , an event considered symbolic of the beginning of the French Revolution . The fair included a reconstruction of the Bastille and its surrounding neighborhood , but with the interior courtyard covered with a blue ceiling decorated with fleur-de-lys and used as a ball room and gathering place .   The 1889 Exposition covered a total area of 0.96 km2 , including the Champ de Mars , the Trocadéro , the quai d'Orsay , a part of the Seine and the Invalides esplanade . Transport around the Exposition was partly provided by a 3 kilometre ( 1.9 mi ) 600 millimetre ( 2 ft 0 in ) gauge railway by Decauville . It was claimed that the railway carried 6,342,446 visitors in just six months of operation . Some of the locomotives used on this line later saw service on the Chemins de Fer du Calvados .

neg: Fernand Dumont Fernand Dumont ( June 24 , 1927 -- May 1 , 1997 ) was a québécois sociologist , philosopher , theologian and poet .   Dumont was born in Montmorency ( now a part of Quebec City 's Beauport borough ) .   Dumont died in Quebec .

neg: 1790 in Canada Events from the year 1790 in Canada .

neg: Salle du Manège The indoor riding academy called the Salle du Manège ( -LSB- sal dy manɛʒ -RSB- ) was the seat of deliberations during most of the French Revolution , from 1789 to 1798 .   Before the revolution , the Salle du Manège ( `` Riding Hall '' ) , situated along the north end of the Tuileries Gardens to the west of the Tuileries Palace in Paris , was home to the royal equestrian academy . Built during the minority of Louis XV , when it lay conveniently close to the Regent 's Palais Royal , it was allowed to pass afterwards from hand to hand as the site of privately conducted riding schools , though it was never formally sold .   On 9 November 1789 the National Constituent Assembly , formerly the Estates-General of 1789 , moved its deliberations from Versailles to the Tuileries in pursuit of Louis XVI of France and installed itself in the Salle du Manège on the palace grounds . Having nationalised the goods of the Church , the Assemblée nationale , requiring more space than the Manège alone could provide , extended its occupation to two adjacent convents , those of the Capuchins , which soon housed the Revolutionary printing presses in its former refectory , and of the Feuillants , whose handsome library received the archives of the Assemblée .   The proportions of the Salle du Manège , ten times as long as it was wide , offered poor acoustics for the debates that went on continually under its high vaults . Six tiers of banquettes permitted space for the deputies , ranged on either side of the central tribune , initially planned for the orators ' podium . Seated together for solidarity , the deputies seated themselves according to their political opinions , to right and to left of the president 's desk , The Mountain and the Girondins , with The Plain seated in the lowest rank of banquettes , from which they were wont to cross to the opposite side , as their opinions dictated . The public found places to witness the spectacle at either end of the hall and in the loge seats above .   In 1792 the Salle du Manège became the venue for the National Convention . In 1795 under the French Directory , the Council of 500 sat in the structure until the body moved to the Palais-Bourbon in 1798 . In 1799 , the Jacobin Club du Manège had its headquarters there .   It would seem that 19th century references to the art of `` manège , '' to describe a style of equestrian riding , derive from here . A March 1847 edition of The Illustrated London News described a performance of Pablo Fanque , the 19th century equestrian and circus performer thus : `` This extraordinary feat of the manège has proved very attractive , as we anticipated in our Journal of last week ; and we have judged the success worthy of graphic commemoration ... '' Further , the paper said , `` Mr. Pablo has trained his black mare to do the most extraordinary feats of the manege , an art hitherto considered to belong only to the French and German professors of equitation , and her style certainly far exceeds anything that has ever yet been brought from the Continent . ''


query: Renaissance art involved an artist.

pos: Masaccio Masaccio ( -LSB- maˈzattʃo -RSB- ; December 21 , 1401 -- summer 1428 ) , born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone , was the first great Italian painter of the Quattrocento period of the Italian Renaissance . According to Vasari , Masaccio was the best painter of his generation because of his skill at imitating nature , recreating lifelike figures and movements as well as a convincing sense of three-dimensionality . Masaccio died at twenty-six and little is known about the exact circumstances of his death .   The name Masaccio is a humorous version of Maso ( short for Tommaso ) , meaning `` clumsy '' or `` messy '' Tom . The name may have been created to distinguish him from his principal collaborator , also called Maso , who came to be known as Masolino ( `` little/delicate Tom '' ) .   Despite his brief career , he had a profound influence on other artists . He was one of the first to use linear perspective in his painting , employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time . He moved away from the International Gothic style and elaborate ornamentation of artists like Gentile da Fabriano to a more naturalistic mode that employed perspective and chiaroscuro for greater realism .

pos: Renaissance art Renaissance art is the painting , sculpture and decorative arts of that period of European history known as the Renaissance , emerging as a distinct style in Italy in about 1400 , in parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy , literature , music and science . The Renaissance art , perceived as the noblest of ancient traditions , took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity , but transformed that tradition by absorbing recent developments in the art of Northern Europe and by applying contemporary scientific knowledge . Renaissance art , with Renaissance Humanist philosophy , spread throughout Europe , affecting both artists and their patrons with the development of new techniques and new artistic sensibilities . Renaissance art marks the transition of Europe from the medieval period to the Early Modern age .   In many parts of Europe , Early Renaissance art was created in parallel with Late Medieval art .   The influences upon the development of Renaissance men and women in the early 15th century are those that also affected Philosophy , Literature , Architecture , Theology , Science , Government and other aspects of society . The following list presents a summary , dealt with more fully in the main articles that are cited above .  Classical texts , lost to European scholars for centuries , became available . These included Philosophy , Prose , Poetry , Drama , Science , a thesis on the Arts and Early Christian Theology .  Simultaneously , Europe gained access to advanced mathematics which had its provenance in the works of Islamic scholars .  The advent of movable type printing in the 15th century meant that ideas could be disseminated easily , and an increasing number of books were written for a broad public .  The establishment of the Medici Bank and the subsequent trade it generated brought unprecedented wealth to a single Italian city , Florence .  Cosimo de ' Medici set a new standard for patronage of the arts , not associated with the church or monarchy .  Humanist philosophy meant that man 's relationship with humanity , the universe and with God was no longer the exclusive province of the Church .  A revived interest in the Classics brought about the first archaeological study of Roman remains by the architect Brunelleschi and sculptor Donatello . The revival of a style of architecture based on classical precedents inspired a corresponding classicism in painting and sculpture , which manifested itself as early as the 1420s in the paintings of Masaccio and Uccello .  The improvement of oil paint and developments in oil-painting technique by Dutch artists such as Jan van Eyck , Rogier van der Weyden and Hugo van der Goes led to its adoption in Italy from about 1475 and had ultimately lasting effects on painting practices , worldwide .  The serendipitous presence within the region of Florence in the early 15th century of certain individuals of artistic genius , most notably Masaccio , Brunelleschi , Ghiberti , Piero della Francesca , Donatello and Michelozzo formed an ethos out of which sprang the great masters of the High Renaissance , as well as supporting and encouraging many lesser artists to achieve work of extraordinary quality .  A similar heritage of artistic achievement occurred in Venice through the talented Bellini family , their influential inlaw Mantegna , Giorgione , Titian and Tintoretto .  The publication of two treatises by Leone Battista Alberti , De Pitura ( On Painting ) , 1435 , and De re aedificatoria ( Ten Books on Architecture ) , 1452 .

neg: The Crowning with Thorns (Prato) The Crowning with Thorns was the subject of two paintings by the Italian master Caravaggio . The first version , dated to around 1604 -- 1605 , is now in the Cassa di Risparmi e Depositi of Palazzo degli Alberti , Prato ( Tuscany ) . The attribution to Caravaggio is disputed .   On June 25 , 1605 , Caravaggio wrote out , in his own hand , a contract to paint `` a picture of the same size and value as the one I have already done for him of Christ 's crowning '' , which restricts the Crowning to a period prior to this date . There is no firm evidence for a more precise dating , but the figure of Christ has been clearly influenced by the Christ in Rubens ' altarpiece of The Crowning with Thorns in the Church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme , Rome , completed in April 1602 . The recipient of both the Crowning with Thorns and the Ecce Homo -- the painting to which the contract relates -- was Massimo Massimi , a wealthy financier and art collector in the circle of Caravaggio 's patron , marquis Vincenzo Giustiniani . The actual date is disputed -- John Gash places it in 1601 -- 1603 .   Stylistically the painting is based on Rubens 's altarpiece for the pose of Christ and on Titian 's treatment of the same subject ( now in the Louvre ) for the soldier with the staff behind Christ . But Caravaggio has reverted to the compact , symmetrical approach employed by 15th-century artists , visible in , for example , the work of Hieronymous Bosch in Christ Mocked . The gestures which define the situation are restrained and understated -- the almost imperceptible actions of the tormentors focus attention on Christ , who looks up , his bound hands slightly raised almost in forgiveness .

neg: Style (visual arts) In the visual arts , style is a '' ... distinctive manner which permits the grouping of works into related categories '' . or '' ... any distinctive , and therefore recognizable , way in which an act is performed or an artifact made or ought to be performed and made '' . It refers to the visual appearance of a work of art that relates it to other works by the same artist or one from the same period , training , location , `` school '' , art movement or archaeological culture : `` The notion of style has long been the art historian 's principal mode of classifying works of art . By style he selects and shapes the history of art '' .   Style is often divided into the general style of a period , country or cultural group , group of artists or art movement , and the individual style of the artist within that group style . Divisions within both types of styles are often made , such as between `` early '' , `` middle '' or `` late '' . In some artists , such as Picasso for example , these divisions may be marked and easy to see , in others they are more subtle . Style is seen as usually dynamic , in most periods always changing by a gradual process , though the speed of this varies greatly , between the very slow development in style typical of prehistoric art or ancient Egyptian art to the rapid changes in modern art styles . Style often develops in a series of jumps , with relatively sudden changes followed by periods of slower development .   After dominating academic discussion in art history in the 19th and early 20th centuries , so-called `` style art history '' has come under increasing attack in recent decades , and many art historians now prefer to avoid stylistic classifications where they can .

neg: Ecce Homo (Caravaggio) Ecce Homo ( c. 1605/6 or 1609 according to John Gash ) is a painting by the Italian master Caravaggio . It is housed in the Palazzo Bianco , Genoa . According to Giambatista Cardi , nephew of the Florentine artist Cigoli , Cardinal Massimo Massimi commissioned paintings on the theme of Ecce Homo from three artists , Cigoli , Caravaggio , and Domenico Passignano , without informing the artists of the multiple commissions . Cardi claimed the cardinal liked Cigoli 's version best .   The scene is taken from the Gospel of ( John 19 ) : Pontius Pilate displays Christ to the crowd with the words , `` Ecce homo ! '' ( `` Behold the man '' ) . Caravaggio 's version of the scene combined Pilate 's display with the earlier moment of Christ , already crowned with thorns , mockingly robed like a king by his tormentors . Massimi already possessed a Crowning with Thorns , by Caravaggio , and Ecce Homo may have been intended as a companion piece . Stylistically , the painting displays characteristics of Caravaggio 's mature Roman-period style . The forms are visible close-up and modelled by dramatic light , the absence of depth or background , and the psychological realism of , the torturer , who seems to mix sadism with pity . Pilate , in keeping with tradition , is shown as a rather neutral and perhaps almost sympathetic figure .  The contract for Ecce Homo was signed on 25 June 1605 , with the painting to be delivered in August . Whether Caravaggio met his deadline is uncertain , as by July he was arrested for attacking the house of Laura della Vecchia and her daughter , Isabella . Friends stood bail for him , but on 29 July he was in far more serious trouble for assaulting the notary Mariano Pasqualone over a well-known courtesan Lena and Caravaggio 's model who is referred to by Pasqualone in the police complaint as `` Michelangelo 's ( i.e. Caravaggio 's ) girl '' . Consequently , Caravaggio fled to Genoa until the end of August . He continued to be in trouble with the law throughout the year , with a complaint against him in September for throwing stones at his landlady 's house , and a mysterious incident in October in which he was wounded in the throat and ear ( Caravaggio claimed he had fallen on his own sword ) . In May 1606 he fled Rome again after killing Ranuccio Tomassoni in a duel , and he was not settled in Naples until the latter part of that year . Cigoli 's Ecce Homo was not painted until 1607 , and clearly attempts to mimic Caravaggio 's style , suggesting that Massimi had not yet received his Caravaggio and was turning elsewhere . It is instructive to compare the two paintings : Caravaggio , unlike Cigoli , has dropped the convention of showing Christ 's torturer as a grotesque , and has shown Pilate dressed as a 17th-century official .

neg: Rasa Renaissance Rasa Renaissance is a movement in the art of painting that makes evocation of rasas the prime aim in the creation and appreciation of a work of art . Rasa is the quality of emotional fulfilment that a work of art produces through the personalities , their expression and the situation presented in a painting . Rasa is a Sanskrit word that denotes the quality of emotional fulfilment that a work of art brings about . Rasa Theory is a theory of aesthetic criticism that has been prevalent in appreciation of literary works in Sanskrit language for millenniums ( see Indian aesthetic ) .  The idea of Rasa Renaissance has evolved in the last quarter of the twentieth century in the domain of painting as a countermovement to abstract and conceptual art . Rasa Renaissance is led by artist , philosopher and Sanskrit scholar Dr. Mumbiram of India ( Ph.D Berkeley California ) . In the twentieth century the art of painting progressively became dissociated from depiction of personalities in real world situations . It concerned itself with exploration of forms and colours for their own sake . It became more or less an exercise in clever intellectual sophistication . Art of Rasa Renaissance presupposes personalities in various situations and in various emotional states as central to a work of art .

neg: Portrait of Cardinal Ludovico Trevisan The Portrait of Cardinal Ludovico Trevisan is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna , dated to c. 1459-1460 .

neg: Portrait of a Man (Domenico Ghirlandaio) Portrait of a Man is a painting from c. 1448 -- 1494 made by the Italian Renaissance painter Domenico Ghirlandaio ( 1449 -- 1494 ) executed in tempera on wood .

neg: Cristoforo Foppa Cristoforo ( known as Caradosso ) Foppa ( 1445 -- c. 1527 ) was an Italian goldsmith , sculptor , and die sinker .   According to some sources he was born at Mondonico -RSB- / Olgiate Molgora in the Province of Lecco , and according to others in Pavia . It is possible that this artist is not correctly known as Ambrogio , but that his Christian name was Cristoforo . He was in the service of Lodovico Il Moro , Duke of Milan , for some years , and executed for him a medal and several pieces of goldsmith 's work . He worked in Hungary in the service of King Matthias Corvinus , probably in August 1489 ; a later visit to the court was cut short by the King 's death in 1490 . Later on he is heard of in Rome , working for Popes Julius II and Leo X. His will was executed in 1526 and he is believed to have died in the following year . Cellini refers at some length to a medal struck by him in Rome , having upon it a representation of Bramante and his design for St. Peter 's Basilica , and he speaks of him as `` the most excellent goldsmith of that time , who has no equal in the execution of dies '' . He is said by some to have been responsible for the terracotta reliefs in the sacristy of San Satiro in Milan . In addition to the Bramante and Moro medals , three others are attributed to him , one representing Julius II , another the fourth Duke of Milan , Francesco Sforza , and the third Gian Giacomo Trivulzio .   A large number of examples of goldsmith 's work in the sacristies of the various churches of Italy are attributed to Foppa with more or less uncertainty . They especially include reliquaries , morses , and crosiers . He was responsible for a papal mitre made for Pope Julius II , a drawing of which is held at the Department of Prints and Drawings at the British Museum and was executed at the request of an English collector named John Talman . An inaccurate engraving of it by George Vertue is also in existence , and this was reproduced by Muntz in his article on the papal tiara . He declared that the pope told his master of ceremonies that it cost two hundred thousand ducats . It survived the sack of Rome through the accident of its being in a pawn shop at the time , but was deliberately broken up and refashioned by Pope Pius VI . Foppa is believed to have designed several pendant jewels , but there is uncertainty respecting his goldsmith 's work , and little can be attributed to him with authority .

neg: San Giovenale Triptych The San Giovenale Triptych or Cascia Altarpiece is a 1422 painting by Italian Renaissance artist Masaccio , housed in a museum behind the church of Cascia di Reggello , in the Roman Pieve of San Pietro di Cascia near Florence , Italy .   This work , discovered in 1961 in a state of poor preservation , in the loft of a house adjacent to the small chapel of San Giovenale two kilometres from Cascia by Juliana Arnetoli . It had allegedly been hidden there before the Second World War to prevent the occupying German army from removing it from the chapel . It is probably the first original work by Masaccio . It was commissioned by the Florentine family of Castellani for the Basilica of San Lorenzo , and was later moved to San Giovenale .   It is dated at the bottom in modern humanist letters , the first work in Europe not inscribed in Gothic characters , which read , `` ANNO DOMINI MCCCCXXII A DI VENTITRE D'AP -LSB- RILE -RSB- '' ( April 23 , 1422 ) . The central panel shows the Madonna enthroned with two angels and the child Jesus eating some vine , as a symbol of the Eucharist . The halo of the Madonna bears the Shahada written backwards . The left panel depicts Saint Bartholomew and Saint Blaise , and the right panel depicts Saint Anthony and Saint Juvenal ( Giovenale ) . The left and right panels show a marked influence of 14th century models , while the complex perspective of the centre panel would have been something new for its time . Also , the use of three-dimensional solidity makes the painting revolutionary for its time .

neg: Renaissance Revival architecture Renaissance Revival ( sometimes referred to as `` Neo-Renaissance '' ) is an all-encompassing designation that covers many 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian ( see Greek Revival ) nor Gothic ( see Gothic Revival ) but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes . Under the broad designation `` Renaissance architecture '' nineteenth-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in Florence and central Italy in the early 15th century as an expression of Humanism ; they also included styles we would identify as Mannerist or Baroque . Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid - and later nineteenth century : `` Neo-Renaissance '' might be applied by contemporaries to structures that others called `` Italianate '' , or when many French Baroque features are present ( Second Empire ) .   The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe , particularly in France and Italy , has added to the difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture . A comparison between the breadth of its source material , such as the English Wollaton Hall , Italian Palazzo Pitti , the French Château de Chambord , and the Russian Palace of Facets -- all deemed `` Renaissance '' -- illustrates the variety of appearances the same architectural label can take .

neg: Accademia delle Arti del Disegno The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno , or `` Academy of the Arts of Drawing '' , is an academy of artists in Florence , Italy . The Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno , or `` academy and company of the arts of drawing '' , was founded on 13 January 1563 by Cosimo I de ' Medici , under the influence of Giorgio Vasari . It was made up of two parts : the Company was a kind of guild for all working artists , while the Academy was for more eminent artistic personalities of Cosimo 's court , and supervised artistic production in Tuscany . It was later called the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno .   Artists including Michelangelo Buonarroti , Lazzaro Donati , Francesco da Sangallo , Agnolo Bronzino , Benvenuto Cellini , Giorgio Vasari , Bartolomeo Ammannati , and Giambologna were members . Most members of the Accademia were male ; Artemisia Gentileschi was the first woman to be admitted .   Its declared purposes are the promotion and diffusion of the arts , and the protection and conservation of cultural heritage worldwide . It organises conferences , concerts , book presentations and exhibitions , and elects noted artists from all over the world to honorary membership . The president is Luigi Zangheri .

neg: Purism (Spanish architecture) Purism ( architecture ) redirects here . For another form of purism in architecture , see Purism ( arts )   Purism is an initial phase of Renaissance architecture in Spain , which took place between 1530 and 1560 , after to Isabelline Gothic and prior to the Herrerian architecture in the last third of the 16th century . The name `` Prince Philip '' refers to the period in which Philip II of Spain ( born in 1527 ) had not yet received the inheritance of the Spanish Monarchy by abdication of his father the Emperor Charles V ( 1556 ) . The name `` Serlian '' is due to the influential architect and treatise Sebastiano Serlio ( in addition to the architectural element called Serlian in his honor ) . The Greco-Roman , the purist and the casticist are relate to the interpretation given to different elements of style , whether intellectual , formal , structural or decorative . Until then , writers of the period termed the classicist forms of the Italian Renaissance as the roman ( Diego de Sagredo Las Medidas del Romano , 1526 ) , while the late-Gothic forms were called the modern . For a more stylistic periodization more common in the art history , at that point of the 16th century the Cinquecento had entered in its Mannerist phase , while for the Spanish art is commonly used the expression High Renaissance ( reserving the term Low Renaissance for the last third of the century ) .

neg: Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( -LSB- leoˈnardo di ˌsɛr ˈpjɛːro da ( v ) ˈvintʃi -RSB- ; 15 April 14522 May 1519 ) , more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo , was an Italian polymath whose areas of interest included invention , painting , sculpting , architecture , science , music , mathematics , engineering , literature , anatomy , geology , astronomy , botany , writing , history , and cartography . He has been variously called the father of palaeontology , ichnology , and architecture , and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time . Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute , helicopter and tank , he epitomised the Renaissance humanist ideal .   Many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the `` Universal Genius '' or `` Renaissance Man '' , an individual of `` unquenchable curiosity '' and `` feverishly inventive imagination '' . According to art historian Helen Gardner , the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history , and `` his mind and personality seem to us superhuman , while the man himself mysterious and remote '' . Marco Rosci notes that while there is much speculation regarding his life and personality , his view of the world was logical rather than mysterious , and that the empirical methods he employed were unorthodox for his time .   Born out of wedlock to a notary , Piero da Vinci , and a peasant woman , Caterina , in Vinci in the region of Florence , Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter Andrea del Verrocchio . Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan . He later worked in Rome , Bologna and Venice , and he spent his last years in France at the home awarded to him by Francis I of France .   Leonardo was , and is , renowned primarily as a painter . Among his works , the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time . Leonardo 's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon , being reproduced on items as varied as the euro coin , textbooks , and T-shirts . Perhaps fifteen of his paintings have survived.There are 15 significant artworks which are ascribed , either in whole or in large part , to Leonardo by most art historians . This number is made up principally of paintings on panel but includes a mural , a large drawing on paper and two works which are in the early stages of preparation . There are a number of other works that have also been variously attributed to Leonardo . Nevertheless , these few works , together with his notebooks , which contain drawings , scientific diagrams , and his thoughts on the nature of painting , compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary , Michelangelo .   Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity . He conceptualised flying machines , a type of armoured fighting vehicle , concentrated solar power , an adding machine , and the double hull . Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime , as the modern scientific approaches to metallurgy and engineering were only in their infancy during the Renaissance . Some of his smaller inventions , however , such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire , entered the world of manufacturing unheralded . A number of Leonardo 's most practical inventions are nowadays displayed as working models at the Museum of Vinci . He made substantial discoveries in anatomy , civil engineering , geology , optics , and hydrodynamics , but he did not publish his findings and they had no direct influence on later science .   Today , Leonardo is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived .

neg: Benvenuto Cellini Benvenuto Cellini ( -LSB- bemveˈnuːto tʃelˈliːni -RSB- ; 1 November 150013 February 1571 ) was an Italian goldsmith , sculptor , draftsman , soldier , musician , and artist who also wrote a famous autobiography and poetry .   He was one of the most important artists of Mannerism . He is remembered for his skill in making pieces such as the Cellini Salt Cellar and Perseus with the Head of Medusa .

neg: Bartolomeo Caporali Bartolomeo ( di Segnolo ) Caporali ( b Perugia , c. 1420 ; d Perugia , c. 1503 - 1505 ) was an Italian painter and miniturist in Perugia , Umbria during the early Renaissance period . His style was influenced by Umbrian artists Gozzoli and Boccati , two of his first mentors , and continued to evolve as younger Umbrian artists came onto the scene , such as Fiorenzo di Lorenzo , Perugino and Pinturicchio . Although primarily a painter , he is also known for executing missals , restoration work , gilding , armorials , banners and celebratory decorations , which speaks to his decorative , detail-oriented artistic style . His most famous works include Madonna and Saints ( 1487 ) for the church of Santa Maria Maddalena at Castiglione del Lago , The Virgin and Child Between Two Praying Angels , and his Adoration of the Shepherds .

neg: Madonna del Granduca The Madonna del Granduca is a Madonna painting by the Italian renaissance artist Raphael . It was probably painted in 1505 , shortly after Raphael had arrived in Florence . The influence of Leonardo da Vinci , whose works he got to know there , can be seen in the use of sfumato . The painting belonged to Ferdinand III , Grand Duke of Tuscany , from whom it got its name .

neg: Baroque sculpture Baroque sculpture is the sculpture of the period between the early 17th and late 18th centuries associated with the Baroque cultural movement , based on exaggerated motion and drama . Stylistically , Baroque sculpture followed Renaissance sculpture and was succeeded by Neoclassical Sculpture . Gian Lorenzo Bernini is the first developer of this style and many of his works are the most important works in this period . Rome is the first place where was the style formed . After the second half of the 17th century Baroque expanded also to the other parts of Italy and Europe . France had main position in spread of Baroque art after the late 17th century , but other lands , mainly Spain , Dutch Republic and Habsburg Monarchy , supported the baroque ideas , too .

neg: Giotto Giotto di Bondone ( 1266/7 -- January 8 , 1337 ) , known mononymously as Giotto ( -LSB- ˈdʒɔtto -RSB- ) and Latinized as Giottus , was an Italian painter and architect from Florence in the late Middle Ages . He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Renaissance .   Giotto 's contemporary , the banker and chronicler Giovanni Villani , wrote that Giotto was `` the most sovereign master of painting in his time , who drew all his figures and their postures according to nature '' and also of his publicly recognized `` talent and excellence '' . ''

neg: Prime version In the art world the prime version of a work of art which exists in a number of versions is the version which is known or believed to have been the first to be produced . Many artworks produced in media such as painting or carved sculpture which create unique objects are in fact repeated by their artists , often several times . It is regarded as a matter of some importance both by art historians and the art market to establish which version has `` priority '' , that is to say was the original work . The presumption usually is that the prime version is the finest , and perhaps the most carefully done , though some later versions can be argued to improve on the originals . In many periods the later `` repetitions '' were often produced by the workshop of the master , with varying degrees of supervision and direct attention from him . This was especially the case with official portraits of monarchs and politicians , which in the Early Modern period were often ordered in large numbers of versions from the court artist as diplomatic gifts .

neg: Tommaso Vincidor Tommaso di Andrea Vincidor ( Bologna , 1493 -- Breda , 1536 ) was an Italian Renaissance painter and architect who trained with Raphael and spent most of his career in the Netherlands . He was also called Tommaso Vincitore , Tommaso da Bologna and Thomas Polonier ( by Dürer ) .   He was the pupil of Raphael , whom he helped in the execution of the famous Raphael Cartoons . Vincidor is further said to have been one of those pupils of Raphael who carried out the frescoes in the Vatican Loggia under his direction . On Raphael 's death in 1520 he traveled to Flanders . At Antwerp he formed a friendship with Albrecht Dürer ( 1521 ) ; the German master painted his portrait , and refers to him in his Journal under the name of Thomas Polonais . Later details of the life of Tommaso are vague and scanty . He entered the service of Henry of Nassau at Breda , and was employed in reconstructive and decorative work at the Castle there , and died in the Netherlands in 1536 .

neg: Master of the Prado Adoration of the Magi The Master of the Prado Adoration of the Magi was a Netherlandish painter active between c. 1475 -- 1500 whose identity is now lost . He is thought to have originated from the southern Netherlands and is known for his vibrant colourisation in panels depicting scenes from the infancy of Christ , he is thought to have been a pupil of Rogier van der Weyden , and is named after a copy of the `` Adoration of the Magi '' panel from that painter 's St Columba Altarpiece . Although the Magi became a popular topic for northern painters in the second half of the 15th century and the Columba altarpiece was widely copied , the master is associated with van der Weyden 's workshop because the copy is so close , it is believed he must have had access to a reproduction of the underdrawing .   Six panels are today associated to the master ; five showing scenes from christ 's infancy and one of Saint Francis . Two panels now in the Burrell Collection in Glasgow , are assumed to be wings of a lost portable triptych . All six works had been attributed by art historian Georges Hulin de Loo to Hans Memling , a painter strongly influenced by van der Weyden ( although this would date the work as 1464 at latest ) . de Loo noted the Glasgow panel 's `` elegance and sensitivity '' , and speculated that they were based on proto-types by van der Weyden , perhaps finished by Memling under van der Weyden 's supervision . However this view was eventually rejected and the panels attributed to an unidentified painter , who had apprenticed under van der Weyden and was in contact and influenced by Memling and the Master of the Legend of St. Catherine , who is sometimes though to have been Pieter van der Weyden , Rogier 's son .


query: Theodore Roosevelt only ever founded a conservative party.

pos: Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( -LSB- ˈroʊzəvɛlt -RSB- ; October 27 , 1858 -- January 6 , 1919 ) was an American statesman , author , explorer , soldier , naturalist , and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909 . He also served as the 25th Vice President of the United States and as the 33rd Governor of New York . As a leader of the Republican Party during this time , he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century . His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore , alongside those of George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , and Abraham Lincoln .   Roosevelt was born a sickly child with debilitating asthma , but he successfully overcame his physical health problems by embracing a strenuous lifestyle . He integrated his exuberant personality , vast range of interests , and world-famous achievements into a `` cowboy '' persona defined by robust masculinity . Home-schooled , he began a lifelong naturalist avocation before attending Harvard College . His book , The Naval War of 1812 ( 1882 ) , established his reputation as both a learned historian and as a popular writer . Upon entering politics , he became the leader of the reform faction of Republicans in New York 's state legislature . Following the near-simultaneous deaths of his wife and mother , he escaped to a cattle ranch in the Dakotas . Roosevelt served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President William McKinley , but resigned from that post to lead the Rough Riders during the Spanish -- American War . Returning a war hero , he was elected Governor of New York in 1898 . After the death of Vice President Garret Hobart , the New York state party leadership convinced McKinley to accept Roosevelt as his running mate in the 1900 election , moving Roosevelt to the prestigious but powerless role of vice president . Roosevelt campaigned vigorously and the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket won a landslide victory based on a platform of peace , prosperity , and conservatism .   Following McKinley 's assassination in September 1901 , Roosevelt became president at age 42 , and remains the youngest president . As a leader of the Progressive movement , he championed his `` Square Deal '' domestic policies , promising the average citizen fairness , breaking of trusts , regulation of railroads , and pure food and drugs . Making conservation a top priority , he established a myriad of new national parks , forests , and monuments intended to preserve the nation 's natural resources . In foreign policy , he focused on Central America , where he began construction of the Panama Canal . He expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project the United States ' naval power around the globe . His successful efforts to broker the end of the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize . He avoided the controversial tariff and money issues . Elected in 1904 to a full term , Roosevelt continued to promote progressive policies , but many of his efforts and much of his legislative agenda were eventually blocked in Congress . Roosevelt successfully groomed his close friend , William Howard Taft , and Taft won the 1908 presidential election to succeed him . In polls of historians and political scientists , Roosevelt is generally ranked as one of the five best presidents .   Frustrated with Taft 's conservatism , Roosevelt belatedly tried to win the 1912 Republican nomination . He failed , walked out , and founded a third party , the Progressive , so-called `` Bull Moose '' Party , which called for wide-ranging progressive reforms . The split allowed the Democrats to win the White House and a majority in both houses of Congress . Following his election defeat , Roosevelt led a two-year expedition to the Amazon basin , where he nearly died of tropical disease . During World War I , he criticized President Woodrow Wilson for keeping the country out of the war with Germany , and his offer to lead volunteers to France was rejected . Though he had considered running for president again in 1920 , Roosevelt 's health continued to deteriorate , and he died in 1919 .

neg: Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election, 1938 A Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election ( formally the convention of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Ontario ) was on December 9 , 1938 at the Royal York Hotel in Toronto to replace retiring Conservative leader Earl Rowe , who had resigned after his party lost the 1937 provincial election to Mitchell Hepburn 's Liberals .   Colonel George A. Drew was considered the front-runner leading into the convention and stared down a challenge by `` old guard '' candidate Earl Lawson , a former MP , who had declared his candidacy the week prior to the convention . Drew 's candidacy was considered controversial by some Conservatives as he had quit the party and run as an Independent Conservative in the 1937 provincial election in protest of the pro-labour stance of leader Earl Rowe during the Ontario government 's conflict with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in Oshawa .   First ballot :  DREW , George 796  LAWSON , Earl 413  HEIGHINGTON , Wilfrid 41  RAWSON , Norman 22   See also : Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership conventions

neg: Hudson Institute The Hudson Institute is an American conservative non-profit think tank based in Washington , D.C. . It was founded in 1961 in Croton-on-Hudson , New York , by futurist , military strategist , and systems theorist Herman Kahn and his colleagues at the RAND Corporation .   The Institute is committed to innovative research and analysis that promotes `` global security , prosperity and freedom . '' It promotes public policy change in accordance with its stated belief that `` America 's unique and central role in the global system offers the best foundation for security , the defense of liberty , and assuring economic growth . ''   In March 2011 , Kenneth R. Weinstein was appointed President and CEO of the Institute .

neg: Norwegian Conservative Party's Women's Association The Norwegian Conservative Party 's Women 's Association ( Høyrekvinners Landsforbund ) was founded in 1925 to represent the interests of women members of the Conservative Party . In June 1994 it was dissolved , to be replaced by Høyres Kvinneforum ( Conservative Party 's Women 's Network ) .   The Women 's Association built on the experience of the earlier Høirekvinneklubben ( Conservative Women 's Club ) which had been created in 1910 by Elise Heyerdahl . With the establishment of the association in 1925 , it was hoped that by rejuvenating their work , women would be able to play a more effective political role .

neg: Party for Historic Hungary The Party for Historic Hungary ( Történelmi Magyarországért Párt TMP ) was a national conservative political party in Hungary , existed officially between 1990 and 2003 .   The TMP was founded by pensioner Ernő Diószegi . It contested the 1994 parliamentary election with only one candidate , János Varga in Kőszeg , who gained 203 votes . The TMP did not contest any further elections , the party became technically defunct . Diószegi died on 12 July 2001 . The party was officially dissolved by the Metropolitan Court of Budapest on 30 May 2003 .

neg: Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia The Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia is a comprehensive project to publish , in one collection , the significant sayings , important conversations and writings ( less his letters ) of the 26th President of the United States , Theodore Roosevelt . Originally conceived by Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart , a history professor at Harvard University , a personal friend of Roosevelt and member of the Roosevelt Memorial Association , now known as the Theodore Roosevelt Association , Hart 's goal was , in his words , to `` present in alphabetical arrangement , extracts sufficiently numerous and comprehensive to display all the phases of ( Theodore ) Roosevelt 's activities and opinions as expressed by him . '' A primitive on-line version of the original work is also maintained by the TRA . Online but quite primitive version of the Cyclopedia at the Theodore Roosevelt Association web site with no look-up features

neg: Political positions of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt ( 1858 -- 1919 ) was the 26th President of the United States ( 1901 -- 09 ) and also served as Governor of New York and Vice President . He is known for becoming a leading spokesman for his version of progressivism after 1890 . Author Daniel Ruddy , however , argues in his book Theodore the Great : Conservative Crusader that Roosevelt was a actually a populist conservative and a Hamiltonian -- a conservative in the eighteenth century sense of the word .

neg: American Republican Party (1843) The American Republican Party was a minor nativist political organization that was launched in New York in June 1843 , largely as a protest against immigrant voters and officeholders . In 1844 , it carried municipal elections in New York City and Philadelphia and expanded so rapidly that by July , 1845 , a national convention was called . This convention changed the name to the Native American Party and drafted a legislative program calling for a twenty-one-year period preceding naturalization and other sweeping reforms in the immigration policy . Failure to force congressional action on these proposals , combined with the growing national interest in the Mexican problem before the Mexican -- American War , led to the party 's rapid decline .

neg: One-nation conservatism One-nation conservatism ( also known as one-nationism , or Tory democracy ) is a form of British political conservatism that views society as organic and values paternalism and pragmatism . The phrase `` One-nation Tory '' originated with Benjamin Disraeli ( 1804 -- 1881 ) , who served as the chief Conservative spokesman and became Prime Minister in February 1868 . He devised it to appeal to working-class men as a solution to worsening divisions in society through introducing factory and health Acts , as well as greater protection for workers .   As a political philosophy , one-nation conservatism reflects the belief that societies exist and develop organically , and that members within them have obligations towards each other . There is particular emphasis on the paternalistic obligation of those who are privileged and wealthy to the poorer parts of society .   The ideology featured heavily during Disraeli 's terms in government , during which considerable social reforms were passed . Towards the end of the 19th century , the party moved away from paternalism in favour of free market capitalism , but fears of extremism during the interwar period caused the revival of one-nation conservatism . The philosophy continued to be held by the Conservative party throughout the post-war consensus , influencing the decision to maintain Labour government keynesian intervention in the economy , forming a welfare state and National Health Service . Later years saw the rise of the New Right , which attributed the country 's social and economic troubles to one-nation conservatism . David Cameron , former leader of the Conservative Party , named Disraeli as his favourite Conservative and some commentators and MPs have suggested that Cameron 's ideology contains an element of one-nationism . Other commentators have questioned the degree to which Cameron and his coalition have embodied One-Nation Conservatism , instead locating them in the intellectual tradition of Thatcherism . In 2016 , Cameron 's successor , Theresa May , referred to herself as a one-nation conservative in her first speech as prime minister and outlined her focus on social justice .

neg: Canadian federal election, 1945 The Canadian federal election of 1945 was the 20th general election in Canadian history . It was held June 11 , 1945 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 20th Parliament of Canada . Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King 's Liberal government was re-elected to its third consecutive government , although this time with a minority government as the Liberals fell 5 seats short of a majority .   Although the election officially resulted in a minority government , the election of eight `` Independent Liberal '' MPs , most of whom did not run as official Liberals because of their opposition to conscription ( see Conscription Crisis of 1944 ) , gave the King government an effective working majority in parliament . Most of the Independent Liberal MPs joined ( or re-joined ) the Liberal caucus following World War II when the conscription issue became moot . As King was defeated in his own riding of Prince Albert , fellow Liberal William MacDiarmid , who was re-elected in the safe seat of Glengarry , resigned so that a by-election could be held , which was subsequently won by King .   The federal election was the first since the victory of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the Saskatchewan provincial election , and many predicted a major breakthrough for the CCF nationally . A Gallup poll from September 1943 showed the CCF with a one-point lead over both the Liberals and Conservatives . The party was expected to win 70 to 100 seats , possibly even enough to form a minority government . Despite the expectations , the party only won 28 seats .   1945 was also the first test of the newly named Progressive Conservatives . The Conservative Party had changed its name in 1942 when former Progressive Party Premier of Manitoba John Bracken became its leader . The party improved its standing in terms of number of seats compared to the old Conservative Party , but also recorded a reduced share of the popular vote ( indeed , the lowest in any election prior to 1993 ) and fell far short of challenging Liberal hegemony .   A key issue in this election seems to have been electing a stable government . The Liberals urged voters to `` Return the Mackenzie King Government '' , and argued that only the Liberal Party had a `` preponderance of members in all nine provinces '' . Mackenzie King threatened to call a new election if he was not given a majority : `` We would have confusion to deal with at a time when the world will be in a very disturbed situation . The war in Europe is over , but unrest in the east is not over . ''   The Progressive Conservatives tried to capitalize on the massive mid-campaign victory by the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party in the 1945 Ontario provincial election . PC campaign ads exhorted voters to rally behind their party : `` Ontario shows ! Only Bracken can win ! '' , and suggesting that it would be impossible to form a majority government in the country without a plurality of seats in Ontario , which only the Tories could win . In the event , the Liberals fell just short of a majority even though they won only 34 seats in Ontario to the PCs ' 48 seats . Eight `` Independent Liberal '' MPs could be expected to support the government .   Social welfare programs were also an issue in the campaign . Another Liberal slogan encouraged voters to `` Build a New Social Order '' by endorsing the Liberal platform , which included  $ 750 million to provide land , jobs and business support for veterans ;  $ 400 million of public spending to build housing ;  $ 250 million for family allowances ;  establishing an Industrial development Bank ;  loans to farmers , floor prices for agricultural products ;  tax reductions .   Campaigning under the slogan , `` Work , Security , and Freedom for All -- with the CCF '' , the CCF promised to retain war-time taxes on high incomes and excess profits in order to fund social services , and to abolish the Canadian Senate . The CCF fought hard to prevent the support of labour from going to the Labor-Progressive Party ( i.e. , the Communist Party of Canada ) .   The LPP , for its part , pointed out that the CCF 's refusal to enter into an electoral pact with the LPP had cost the CCF 100,000 votes in the Ontario election , and had given victory to the Ontario PCs . It urged voters to `` Make Labour a Partner in Government . ''   The Social Credit Party of Canada tried , with modest success , to capitalize on the positive image of the Alberta Socred government of William Aberhart , asking voters , `` Good Government in Alberta -- Why Not at Ottawa ? '' . Referring to social credit monetary theories , the party encouraged voters to `` Vote for the National Dividend '' .

neg: Conservative People's Party (Germany) The Conservative People 's Party ( Konservative Volkspartei , KVP ) was a short-lived German political party of the moderate right . It broke away from the German National People 's Party ( DNVP ) in the late 1920s as a result of that party 's increasing radicalization under the leadership of Alfred Hugenberg . Its leading figures were Kuno von Westarp , Hugenberg 's predecessor as chairman of the DNVP , and Gottfried Treviranus , who would serve in the cabinet of Heinrich Brüning from 1930 to 1932 . It was unable to make any significant breakthrough in the subsequent elections . The party did not take part in the 1932 parliamentary elections ( 1930 : 0.8 % ) and ceased to be politically active before the NSDAP outlawed all other parties in Germany and established a dictatorship .

neg: The Conservative (journal) The Conservative is a journal of cultural and political affairs established in September 2016 by Daniel Hannan .   In the founding statement , Hannan rejects `` the grievance and victimhood '' that characterize the Left in favour of `` respect for the things that make us what we are : our nations , our laws , our families , our customs . ''   Writers include Jay Nordlinger on music , and Iain Martin on wine .

neg: Blue Tory Blue Tories , also known as small ` c ' conservatives , are , in Canadian politics , members of the former federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada , current Conservative Party of Canada and provincial Progressive Conservative parties who are more economically right wing . Prior to the 1960s , these Conservatives were most identified with the Montreal and Toronto commercial elite who took positions of influence within the Progressive Conservative Party . Since the mid-1970s , they have been heavily influenced by the libertarian movement and the more individualist nature of American conservatism . Blue Tories tend to favour libertarian policies such as devolution of federal power to the provincial governments , a reduced role for government in the economy , reduction of taxation and similar mainstream market liberal ideals . The term Blue Tory does not refer to social conservatism .   One example of a Blue Tory administration in Canada was the `` Common Sense Revolution '' provincial Progressive Conservative government of Ontario Premier Mike Harris . The Harris Tories were widely viewed as radical by Canadian standards in their economic policies and style of governance . Harris ' government embarked on a number of initiatives , including cuts to education , welfare and Medicare , privatization of government services and health care , the sale of provincial highways and the forced amalgamation of municipalities . Provincial income taxes were also cut by 30 % and corporate tax rates were nearly cut in half during the Harris mandate .   Most Blue Tories are at least somewhat ideologically aligned close to the economic libertarian positions of the former Canadian Alliance and as such supported the merger between the PCs and the Alliance to form the new federal Conservative Party of Canada ( CPC ) . Some notable Blue Tories include many prominent federal and provincial Progressive Conservatives such as former PC Party Leader and Attorney General Peter MacKay , Conservative Party leadership contender and current Treasury Board President Tony Clement , former Premier of Ontario Mike Harris , and current CPC leader Andrew Scheer .

neg: Conservatism in North America Conservatism in North America is a political philosophy that varies in form , depending on the country and the region , but that has similar themes and goals . Academic study into the differences and similarities between conservatism in North American countries has been undertaken on numerous occasions . Reginald Bibby has asserted that the primary reason that conservatism has been so strong and enduring throughout North America is because of the propagation of religious values from generation to generation . This connection is strongest in mainstream Protestantism in the United States and both Protestantism and Roman Catholicism in Canada .   According to Louis Hartz , nations that developed from settler colonies were European `` fragments '' that froze the class structure and underlying ideology prevalent in the mother country at the time of their foundation . He considered Latin America and French Canada to be fragments of feudal Europe , and the United States and English Canada as liberal fragments . However Gad Horowitz , writing that Hartz had acknowledged a Tory influence in English Canada , claimed a conservative tradition had developed there as well . American conservatism is generally considered to be a variety of liberalism , rather than true conservatism , although Canada also developed an American style conservatism that competed with the older Tory conservatism . A right-wing conservatism , or `` Latin conservatism '' , developed in Latin America and Quebec . Today , conservative and conservative liberal parties in North America cooperate through the International Democrat Union .

neg: Robert A. Taft Robert Alphonso Taft ( September 8 , 1889 -- July 31 , 1953 ) was a conservative American politician , statesman , and presidential hopeful who served as a United States Senator from Ohio from 1939 until his death in 1953 . A member of the Republican Taft political family , he was the elder son of William Howard Taft ( the 27th President of the United States and 10th Chief Justice of the United States ) .   Taft was the Senate 's main opponent of Franklin Roosevelt 's New Deal domestic policies .   After the president 's death , Taft successfully led the conservative coalition 's efforts to curb the power of labor unions . Taft was a leading advocate of non-interventionism in foreign policy . He failed in his quests to win the Republican Party 's presidential nomination in 1940 , 1948 , and 1952 . Throughout that period he battled New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey ( leader of the moderate `` Eastern Establishment '' ) for control of the party . Taft 's biographer , James T. Patterson , portrayed Taft as honest , conscientious , courageous , dignified , and highly intelligent but also faulted Taft 's competitiveness , lack of public-relations skills , and extreme partisanship . A 1957 Senate committee named Taft as one of America 's five greatest senators , along with Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , John C. Calhoun , and Robert M. La Follette , Sr. .

neg: Clifford May Clifford D. May ( born 1951 ) is an American journalist , editor , and political activist . He is the president of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies , a conservative policy institute created shortly after the 9/11 attacks , and the Chairman of the Policy Committee department within the Committee on the Present Danger . He is a weekly columnist for Scripps Howard News Service and National Review Online and writes for other publications , including The American Spectator and The Washington Times , for example , and sometimes serves as a substitute talk show host . He has served as a reporter , a foreign correspondent , and a newspaper/magazine editor , working notably for Newsweek in the 1970s and for The New York Times in the 1980s .   May is also a member of the Henry Jackson Society . In October 2007 , The Daily Telegraph named May number 94 in its list of the ' 100 most influential conservatives in America ' , identifying him as a neo-conservative within the Republican Party .

neg: Conservative Republican Party The Conservative Republican Party ( Partido Republicano Conservador ( CRP ) ) was a Brazilian political party founded in October 1910 to represent the Republican and oligarchic ideals of agrarian elites of states discontented with the domination of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais ( `` café com leite '' ) during the República Velha .   Its main representatives were Rio Grande do Sul Senator José Gomes Pinheiro Machado and Marshal Hermes da Fonseca , who was elected president of the republic from 1910 to 1914 .   The PRC declined from 1916 with the death of Pinheiro Machado . Like all political parties it was finally abolished by the Estado Novo in 1937 .  Category : Defunct political parties in Brazil  Category : Political parties established in 1910  Category : Conservative parties in Brazil  Category : Republican parties  Category : Political parties disestablished in 1937  Category :1910 establishments in Brazil  Category :1937 disestablishments in Brazil

neg: Conscience Whigs The `` Conscience '' Whigs were a faction of the Whig Party in the state of Massachusetts noted for their moral opposition to slavery . They were noted as opponents of the more conservative `` Cotton '' Whigs who dominated the state party , led by such figures as Edward Everett , Robert C. Winthrop , and Abbott Lawrence , whose close association with the New England textile industry led them to de-emphasize the slavery issue . Leaders of the `` Conscience Whigs '' included Charles Sumner , Henry Wilson , and Charles Francis Adams . The group split from the Whig party in 1848 , when the national party nominated the slave-owning General Zachary Taylor for President , and played a role in the creation of the new Free Soil Party , which nominated Adams for Vice President on a ticket with anti-slavery former Democratic President Martin Van Buren .   Following the failure of the Free Soil Party in the election that year , most Conscience Whigs would return to the Whig fold . More followed after the Compromise of 1850 temporarily neutralized the issue of slavery . During the mid 1850s , several Conscience leaders played an important role later in the foundation of the Republican Party .   The term `` Conscience Whig '' is sometimes used more broadly to refer to Whigs in other states noted for their opposition to slavery .

neg: National Party (United States) The National Party was an early-20th-century national political organization in the United States founded by pro-war defectors from the Socialist Party of America in 1917 . These adherents of the SPA Right first formed a non-partisan national society to propagandize the socialist idea called the Social Democratic League of America . Many of these individuals were eager for the formation of an alternative political organization to both the so-called `` old '' parties and the anti-war Socialist Party of America and eagerly latched on to a burgeoning movement for a new party that sprouted in 1917 .

neg: The Toronto Daily Telegraph The Toronto Daily Telegraph was a conservative newspaper founded by John Ross Robertson in 1866 after he left The Globe , a Liberal-leaning paper , to establish a Conservative-leaning paper .   Launched on May 21 , 1866 , it initially ran a daily and evening version and was a pro-British voice against increasing American influence a year before Confederation .   The paper was never profitable and debt led to the folding of the morning edition in May 1872 . The paper 's debt woes continued ; unable to obtain financial support from the Conservative elite in Toronto , the broadsheet folded in June 1872 .   Robertson returned to The Globe and later established the successor to the Telegraph , Toronto Telegram , in 1876 .

neg: Woodford (UK Parliament constituency) Woodford was a parliamentary constituency in Essex which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1945 until it was renamed for the 1964 general election .   The constituency 's only Member of Parliament for its entire existence was Sir Winston Churchill of the Conservative Party . He represented the seat during his second tenure as Prime Minister , and continued to hold it until he retired aged 89 at the 1964 general election ; it was the last seat he represented in a parliamentary career that spanned over 60 years . He was the Father of the House for the last five years of his tenure in the seat .


query: Rowan Atkinson only stars in a French television series.

pos: Rowan Atkinson Rowan Sebastian Atkinson , MSc , CBE ( born 6 January 1955 ) is an English actor , comedian , and screenwriter best known for his work on the sitcoms Blackadder and Mr. Bean . Atkinson first came to prominence in the BBC 's sketch comedy show Not the Nine O'Clock News ( 1979 -- 82 ) , receiving the 1981 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance , and via his participation in The Secret Policeman 's Ball from 1979 . His other work includes the 1983 James Bond film Never Say Never Again , playing a bumbling vicar in Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) , voicing the red-billed hornbill Zazu in The Lion King ( 1994 ) , and featuring in the BBC sitcom The Thin Blue Line ( 1995 -- 1996 ) . His work in theatre includes the 2009 West End revival of the musical Oliver ! .   Atkinson was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest actors in British comedy , and amongst the top 50 comedians ever , in a 2005 poll of fellow comedians . In addition to his 1981 BAFTA , he received an Olivier Award for his 1981 West End theatre performance in Rowan Atkinson in Revue . He has also had cinematic success with his performances in the Mr. Bean movie adaptations Bean and Mr. Bean 's Holiday , and also in Johnny English ( 2003 ) and its sequel Johnny English Reborn ( 2011 ) . He currently stars as the titular character in Maigret since 2016 .

pos: Maigret (2016 TV series) Maigret is a British television series from ITV . Its first episode aired on 28 March 2016 . It is an adaptation of the books by Georges Simenon featuring his fictional French detective Jules Maigret played by Rowan Atkinson .

neg: Totale impro Totale impro is the French version of Schillerstraße , an improvised sitcom that played on the German television channel , Sat .1 . Totale impro first aired on France 's M6 on November 26 , 2005 and ran till February 25 , 2006 . The series was hosted by Benjamin Castaldi , who also produced it along with the company B3com .

neg: Wings (BBC TV series) Wings is a drama series about the Royal Flying Corps that ran on BBC television from 1977 to 1978 . It stars Tim Woodward as Alan Farmer , a young blacksmith turned fighter pilot in World War I.   Nicholas Jones played his teacher and mentor , Captain Triggers , and Michael Cochrane played his upper-class friend , Charles Gaylion , who began a relationship with Farmer 's girlfriend while Farmer was believed dead , shot down over France .   The series reveals that the British pilots are struggling with aeroplanes which are both unreliable and inferior to the German machines , and with an Establishment that classes voicing an opinion to that effect as being tantamount to cowardice . The airmen must also face the resentment of British soldiers who see them having an ` easy ' life . The rigidity of the British class structure is highlighted when Farmer becomes an officer in the second series - he faces resentment both from some COs because of his class and NCOs because of his new rank . The series takes great care with historical accuracy , covering the early days of the parachute , the fitting of weaponry to British biplanes ( lacking the Germans ' interruptor gear , they had to be fired at an angle rather than through the propellers ) and the horrors of trench warfare . Wings depicts a Britain that is , in some areas , struggling to adapt in the face of change , at a period that was a turning point for many people 's way of life .   The series was created by Barry Thomas . Twenty-five episodes were made in all .

neg: Le Petit Nicolas (TV series) Le Petit Nicolas is a , 2009 , 3D animated TV series based on the character Le petit Nicolas by René Goscinny and Jean-Jacques Sempé . The series was a success especially in attracting young viewers . Two seasons of this TV series have since been broadcast .

neg: Virginie Virginie was a French-language Canadian television series that aired Monday through Thursday on Radio-Canada ( the French-language CBC television network ) . It debuted in 1996 . The show examined the public and private lives of teachers , students , and families at the fictional Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc high school . It frequently dealt with controversial social topics , such as teen drug use , ethnic prejudice , divorce , and other subjects touching on contemporary Quebec life . `` Virginie '' was a téléroman-style drama that often used `` cliffhangers '' in the storylines . It aired 120 episodes per year of 30 minutes each .   The series was produced and largely written by Fabienne Larouche . Virginie ended in December 2010 after 15 years on air ; the last episode aired on December 15 , 2010 . The final episode drew more than 807,000 viewers in Quebec , or about 200,000 more than its average viewership for a typical episode . The program maintained a high level of popularity throughout its television run .

neg: Chefs (TV series) Chefs is a French drama television series . It has been distributed since 2015 on France 2 ( France ) .

neg: Jamais deux sans toi...t Jamais deux sans toi ... t ( French for `` Never two without you/roof '' ) is a French sitcom which was broadcast in 1996 and 1997 .

neg: Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt .   The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .

neg: Covington Cross Covington Cross is a British/American television series that was broadcast on the ABC in the United States from August 25 to October 31 , 1992 . The program also aired in the United Kingdom and was scheduled to be broadcast in France . The series was filmed and produced in the UK , by a British production company , but it was ultimately accountable to an American network .

neg: The Black Adder The Black Adder is the first series of the BBC sitcom Blackadder , written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson , directed by Martin Shardlow and produced by John Lloyd . The series was originally aired on BBC One from 15 June 1983 to 20 July 1983 , and was a joint production with the Australian Seven Network . Set in 1485 at the end of the British Middle Ages , the series is written as a secret history which contends that King Richard III won the Battle of Bosworth Field , only to be unintentionally assassinated by his nephew Edmund and succeeded by Richard IV , one of the Princes in the Tower . The series follows the exploits of Richard IV 's unfavoured second son Edmund ( who calls himself `` The Black Adder '' ) in his various attempts to increase his standing with his father and , in the final episode , his quest to overthrow him .   Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O'Clock News , the series covers a number of medieval issues in Britain in a humorous and often anachronistic manner -- witchcraft , royal succession , European relations , the Crusades and the conflict between the Crown and the Church . The filming of the series was highly ambitious , with a large cast and much location shooting . Shakespearean dialogue is sometimes adapted for comic effect . Despite winning an International Emmy , The Black Adder is generally regarded as the weakest series of Blackadder , even by its creators .

neg: Papa Beaver's Storytime Papa Beaver 's Storytime ( Les histoires du Père Castor ) is a French and Canadian animated television series based on a series of children 's story books by the French author Père Castor . The series which was produced by Cinar , originally aired between 1993 -- 1994 on the Canadian Family Channel and the French channel France 3 and on France 5 in Zouzous and later on the American channel , Nick Jr. between 1994-1997 .

neg: Les Soeurs Elliot Les Sœurs Elliot is a Canadian television drama series , which aired on TVA in the 2007-08 season .   The series stars Sylvie Léonard , Isabel Richer and Julie Perreault as three sisters whose lives are thrown into turmoil when their father returns from Angola after disappearing thirty years earlier .

neg: La maison des bois La Maison des bois ( engl . The House in the woods ) is a 1971 French mini-series , consisting of 7 episodes . It was directed by Maurice Pialat and written by René Wheeler .   The mini-series takes place during the World War I and tells about the daily life in a French village .   Gaumont has released the mini-series on DVD in 2005 .

neg: Big School (TV series) Big School is a British sitcom , starring David Walliams , Catherine Tate , Steve Speirs , Frances de la Tour and Philip Glenister . It is set in a secondary school and follows the comedic relationships of the teachers . The first series began airing on BBC One on 16 August 2013 , and was met with polarised reviews . The final episode of the first series aired on 20 September 2013 . On 2 December 2013 , BBC One controller Charlotte Moore announced that Big School had been renewed for a second and final series , which concluded on 10 October 2014 . In June 2015 , it was officially announced that Big School was not to be returning for a third series .

neg: The Robinsons The Robinsons is a British comedy television series that debuted on BBC Two on 5 May 2005 . The show 's central character is a divorced reinsurance actuary , Ed Robinson ( played by Martin Freeman ) , who realises that reinsurance is not his passion and decides to rethink his life . The series is written and directed by Mark Bussell and Justin Sbresni . The show 's executive producers include Jon Plowman and Michele Buck .

neg: Catherine (1986 TV series) Catherine - a French TV series produced for Antenne 2 channel in 1986 . It was based on the series of `` Catherine '' novels written by Juliette Benzoni . The series was directed by Marion Sarraut , who had already successfully brought on TV another of Madame Benzoni 's work - Marianne . The director had the author 's assistance going so far as working together , like mother and daughter , to work on the best-seller Catherine . Two years of preparation , fifteen months of shooting , two hundred actors - over fifteen hundred costumes . The episodes were not to be seen in prime time - but from 13:30 - 14:00 each afternoon . The production was nevertheless a huge success . The readers of the books were more than satisfied with what Marion Sarraut had done to Catherine . To their great joy , the producers had adapted the seven books more or less truthfully . Some minor changes had to be made , probably also because of the small bugdet they had at their disposal . Claudine Ancelot was a perfect Catherine . At her side , Pierre-Marie Escourrou as her great love Arnaud de Montsalvy . Pascale Petit was Sara , Benoît Brione was the evil Gilles de Rais , and Geneviève Casile Queen Yolande .   For over two decades , the story of `` Catherine and Arnaud '' had vanished . In December 2007 the French company France Loisirs started releasing the long awaited Catherine Il suffit d'un amour TV-Serie on DVD . At the moment the whole TV series has been released on 5 double DVDs .

neg: Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death (film) Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death is British comedy-drama television film based on the novel of the same name by M. C. Beaton . The film aired on Sky1 on 26 December 2014 . It served as a pilot to a full series entitled Agatha Raisin .

neg: X Factor (French TV series) X Factor is a Franco-Belgian television music talent show to find new singing talent after public auditions , intermediate tests , and live shows .  The first series was broadcast on Mondays , from September to December 2009 , on W9 ( France ) and RTL-TVI ( Belgium ) .   The second and final series was broadcast on Tuesdays , from March to June 2011 , on M6 and RTL-TVI .

neg: 5, Rue Sésame 5 , Rue Sésame is a French language children 's television series based on the popular U.S. children 's show Sesame Street , aired by France 5 . This series is the second Sesame Workshop co-production for France , the first being 1 , rue Sésame .   Seventy-five 26-minute-long episodes were created for the two seasons , directed by François Basset and Jul Mallard . The series is produced for France 5 by Expand-Drama with Sesame Workshop . Executive producer of the series is Georges Campana . The show debuted airing daily , Sunday to Friday at 6:30 am , and Saturdays at 7:00 am and 12:30 pm .   Terry Fitzpatrick , Sesame Workshop 's executive VP for distribution :  `` France has always been a priority market for Sesame Workshop . We first provided local programming and licensed products in the 1970s , and have since seen the preschool media landscape evolve tremendously . We are excited to be re-entering the French market with two of the strongest partners in the television business -- France 's number one preschool broadcaster and the most innovative production company -- to deliver compelling educational television that serves the needs of today 's children . ''

neg: Alexandre Fabre Louis-Alexandre Fabre ( born March 17 , 1955 ) , is a French actor , mostly known for his role of Charles Frémont in the series Plus belle la vie .

neg: Laurent Broomhead Laurent Broomhead ( born 5 February 1954 ) is a French radio , television presenter and producer , specialized in science and health . Passionated of horses , he owns and raises thoroughbreds .