query: Red Headed Stranger had an impact on the series Edge of Darkness.

pos: Red Headed Stranger Red Headed Stranger is a 1975 album by American outlaw country singer Willie Nelson . After the wide success of his recordings with Atlantic Records , coupled with the negotiating skills of his manager , Neil Reshen , Nelson signed a contract with Columbia Records , a label that gave him total creative control over his works . The concept for the album was inspired by the `` Tale of the Red Headed Stranger '' , a song that Nelson used to play as a disk jockey on his program in Fort Worth , Texas . After signing with Columbia he decided to record the song , and arranged the details during his return to Austin , Texas , from a trip to Colorado . It was recorded at low cost at Autumn Sound Studios in Garland , Texas . The songs featured sparse arrangements , largely limited to Nelson 's guitar , piano and drums . Nelson presented the finished material to Columbia executives , who were dubious about releasing an album that they at first thought was a demo . However , Nelson had creative control , so no further production was added .   A concept album , Red Headed Stranger is about a fugitive on the run from the law after killing his wife and her lover . The content consists of songs with brief poetic lyrics and arrangements of older material such as Fred Rose 's `` Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain '' , Wolfe Gilbert 's `` Down Yonder '' and Juventino Rosas ' `` O'er the Waves '' . Despite Columbia 's doubts and the limited instrumentation , Red Headed Stranger was a blockbuster among country music and mainstream audiences . It was certified multi-platinum , and made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music . The cover of `` Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain '' , released as a single previous to the album full release became Nelson 's first number one hit . The title of the album would become a lasting nickname for Nelson . It was ranked # 183 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , and number one on CMT 's 40 Greatest Albums in Country Music . In 2010 it was inducted to the National Recording Registry .   In 1986 Nelson starred as the Red Headed Stranger in a movie of the same name , based on the story of the album . The album has had a strong cultural impact ; the song `` Time of the Preacher '' has been used often in the series Edge of Darkness , and its lyrics were used as well in the first issue of the comic Preacher .

neg: Impact (miniseries) Impact is a 2009 Canadian action disaster miniseries directed by Mike Rohl , written by Michael Vickerman and distributed by Tandem Communications , starring David James Elliott , Natasha Henstridge , Benjamin Sadler , Steven Culp , James Cromwell and Florentine Lahme as the story shows about a meteor shower which eventually sends the moon on a collision course with Earth . The two-part ( Episodes were called Nights ) mini-series premiered February 14 and 15 , 2009 on the Canadian premium television channel Super Channel and was also shown on ABC on June 21 and 28 , 2009 and on Alpha TV on September 2011 .

neg: From Darkness From Darkness is a British psychological crime drama that premiered on BBC One on October 4 , 2015 . The series stars Anne-Marie Duff as former police officer Claire Church . A total of four episodes were broadcast . The series was both critically and commercially panned , leading to the likeliness of a second season materializing being very slim . A DVD of the complete series was released on November 9 , 2015 . Internationally , the series premiered in Australia on November 1 , 2015 , on BBC First .

neg: Red edge Red edge refers to the region of rapid change in reflectance of vegetation in the near infrared range of electromagnetic spectrum . Chlorophyll contained in vegetation absorbs most of the light in the visible part of the spectrum but becomes almost transparent at wavelengths greater than 700 nm . This way , vegetation cellular structure takes its major part in the reflectance because each cell acts like an elementary corner reflector . This effects in that rapid change that can be from 5 % to 50 % reflectance between 680 nm to 730 nm . For a more detailed explanation and a graph of the photosynthetically active radiation ( PAR ) spectral region , see the NDVI rationale .   The phenomenon accounts for the brightness of foliage in infrared photography and is extensively utilized in the form of so-called vegetation indices ( e.g. NDVI ) . It is used in remote sensing to monitor plant activity , and it has been suggested that it could be useful to detect light-harvesting organisms on distant planets .

neg: Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' .   The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .

neg: Shadows in the Moonlight (story) `` Shadows in the Moonlight '' is one of the original short stories starring the fictional sword and sorcery hero Conan the Cimmerian , written by American author Robert E. Howard and first published in Weird Tales magazine in April 1934 . Howard originally named his story `` Iron Shadows in the Moon '' . It is set in the pseudo-historical Hyborian Age and concerns Conan escaping to a remote island in the Vilayet Sea where he encounters the Red Brotherhood , a skulking creature , and mysterious iron statues .   The story was republished in the collections Conan the Barbarian ( Gnome Press , 1954 ) and Conan the Freebooter ( Lancer Books , 1968 ) . It has more recently been published in the collections The Conan Chronicles Volume 1 : The People of the Black Circle ( Gollancz , 2000 ) and Conan of Cimmeria : Volume One ( 1932-1933 ) ( Del Rey , 2003 ) .

neg: The Last Dangerous Visions The Last Dangerous Visions is a mooted sequel to the science fiction short story anthologies Dangerous Visions and Again , Dangerous Visions , originally published in 1967 and 1972 respectively . Like the first two , it was scheduled to be edited by Harlan Ellison .   The projected third collection was started but , controversially , is yet to be finished . It has become something of a legend in science fiction as the genre 's most famous unpublished book . It was originally announced for publication in 1973 , but other work demanded Ellison 's attention , and the anthology has not seen print to date . He has come under criticism for his treatment of some writers who submitted their stories to him , who some estimate to number nearly 150 . Many of these writers have since died .   Various difficulties delayed publication many times . As recently as May 2007 , Ellison said he still wants to get the book out .   British author Christopher Priest , whose story `` An Infinite Summer '' had been accepted for the collection , wrote a lengthy critique of Ellison 's failure to complete the LDV project . It was first published by Priest as a one-shot fanzine called The Last Deadloss Visions , a pun on the title of Priest 's own fanzine , Deadloss . It proved so popular that it had a total of three printings in the UK and later , in book form , as the 1995 Hugo Award nominated The Book on the Edge of Forever ( an allusion to Ellison 's Star Trek episode , `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' ) by American publisher Fantagraphics Books . The essay is available online at the Internet Archive mirror of the original site .

neg: In a Mirror, Darkly `` In a Mirror , Darkly '' is the eighteenth and nineteenth episodes of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Enterprise , and originally aired on April 22 and 29 , 2005 . This installment was developed to be a sequel to The Original Series episode `` The Tholian Web '' and a prequel to `` Mirror , Mirror '' . The decision to set an Enterprise episode in the mirror universe originated with a pitch to enable William Shatner to appear in the series . The teleplays for both parts of the episode were written by Mike Sussman , with Manny Coto contributing the story for the second part .   Set in the 22nd century , the series normally follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise , registration NX-01 . However , these installments feature a mirror universe Jonathan Archer and evil counterparts of the normal characters , who serve the cruel and militaristic Terran Empire . In the first part , the ISS Enterprise learns of a Starfleet ship from the future of the main universe which is being stripped for parts by the Tholians , and seeks to take the ship from the aliens . The second part sees the surviving crew operating the USS Defiant and seeking to overthrow the Empire using its advanced weaponry .   The episode saw the reuse of footage from Star Trek : First Contact and the creation of an alternative opening credits sequence which included footage from other Paramount properties such as the film The Hunt for Red October . A three-quarters-around bridge from The Original Series era was constructed , as well as other sets from a Constitution-class starship . A Gorn and a Tholian were both created using CGI , with the Gorn utilizing motion capture techniques . This installment also saw the return of Vaughn Armstrong after his main universe character was killed on screen earlier in the season in the episode `` The Forge '' . This episode subsequently appeared in several lists of the best episodes of Star Trek : Enterprise . It was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series in 2005 .

neg: Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness ( 1899 ) is a novella by Polish-British novelist Joseph Conrad , about a voyage up the Congo River into the Congo Free State , in the heart of Africa , by the story 's narrator Marlow . Marlow tells his story to friends aboard a boat anchored on the River Thames , London , England . This setting provides the frame for Marlow 's story of his obsession with the ivory trader Kurtz , which enables Conrad to create a parallel between London and Africa as places of darkness .   Central to Conrad 's work is the idea that there is little difference between so-called civilised people and those described as savages ; Heart of Darkness raises questions about imperialism and racism .   Originally published as a three-part serial story in Blackwood 's Magazine to celebrate the 1000th edition of the magazine , Heart of Darkness has been variously published and translated into many languages . In 1998 , the Modern Library ranked Heart of Darkness as the sixty-seventh of the hundred best novels in English of the twentieth century .

neg: Army of Darkness (comics) Army of Darkness comics are based on the film of the same name published originally by Dark Horse Comics , and later by Dynamite Entertainment who initially published them through Devil 's Due Publishing .   The stories follow the adventures of the Evil Dead series , Ash Williams , and has included a number of crossovers with a wide variety of characters such as , Marvel Zombies , Darkman , Freddy Krueger , Jason Voorhees , Dracula , Xena , Danger Girl , and Re-Animator .

neg: Red and Black Attack Red And Black Attack was the second release from the Hollywood-based rock band The Icarus Line . The EP was recorded and released very quickly after their debut 7-inch , Highlypuncturingnoisetestingyourabilitytohate on Hellcat Records . The EP was released on New American Dream . This was the band 's first release to appear on CD , as well as New American Dream 's debut release . The vinyl version was pressed by Slowgun Records on clear `` wine '' colored vinyl 7-inches .   New American Dream also released the band 's split 7-inch picture disc with Ink & Dagger , and had actually originally signed Ink & Dagger to release their third , and final album on the label . However , after a car crash involving the label 's owner and members of Ink & Dagger , who were on their way to visit The Icarus Line during a rehearsal , the label soon fell apart . The resulting fiasco was the prime reason The Icarus Line did n't record their debut album in 1999 , as originally intended , and ended up signing instead with Crank ! Records . Coincidentally , Ink & Dagger , who had also signed to the label for the release of their third and last album , ended up having Buddyhead release it instead . Other bands on the short-lived label included Discount ( band ) and Kind Of Like Spitting . The label 's folding , resulted in this release being out of print for many years , and a highly sought after collectable .   The EP was named as a reference to the band 's visual style , which involved dressing in black with red neckties . This look was abandoned years later , after a number of other bands had started dressing similarly . Some of these bands went on to much greater mainstream success . So , as not to look like the `` copycats '' themselves , this attire was then `` retired '' by The Icarus Line .   This release also coincided with yet another of the band 's recurring problems of finding a suitable , and permanent drummer . This is why there is no drummer pictured on the cover of this release , something which confused people for quite some time . At the time of the EP 's release , John Guerra ( F-Minus , Black Fag ) was filling the position . Soon after , the band recruited their fourth drummer , Mike Felix ( Toys That Kill , Ex-Fork ) .   As an homage to their former band 's drummer , Tim Childs , The Icarus Line included snippets he had recorded while playing drums at home , very briefly before his death . These were the last known recordings of Tim playing drums . The song `` Separate The Sounds '' , was also quite obviously written about Tim , and his abrupt passing . These home recordings were spliced together during mastering by Blag Dahlia , the singer of The Dwarves .

neg: The End of Heartache The End of Heartache is the third studio album by American metalcore band Killswitch Engage . It was released on May 11 , 2004 through Roadrunner Records . It is the first album to feature lead vocalist Howard Jones . It is also the first album with Justin Foley also from Blood Has Been Shed joined the bands as the drummer also making his first recording on this album .   The new lineup played on the 2003 Ozzfest and the MTV2 Headbangers Ball tour . The first recording was the song `` When Darkness Falls '' appearing on the soundtrack to the 2003 horror film Freddy vs. Jason . The End of Heartache was released on May 11 , 2004 . The album debuted in the top 40 of the Australian album charts on May 17 , 2004 following a successful tour of that country with Anthrax .   The title track was nominated for Best Metal Performance for the 47th Annual Grammy Awards .   Two music videos for `` Rose of Sharyn '' and `` The End of Heartache '' were filmed in promotion of the album . `` Rose of Sharyn '' had the group performing in a sunny desert with blood dripping from dead branches to form words . `` The End of Heartache '' featured a darkly lit performance with various computer animated imagery with scenes from Resident Evil : Apocalypse dotted throughout . Both videos saw notable airplay on Headbanger 's Ball .   In 2005 , a special edition of the album was released which contained 6 additional tracks .   The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on December 7 , 2007 .

neg: Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies .   Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal .   The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film :   If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction  He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes  Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images   In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .

neg: Mindspawn Mindspawn is a soundscape , dark ambient , post industrial act formed and fronted by Gene Williams .   Williams was raised on a farm in the remote area of the Ozark Mountains in Missouri . In his late teens , Williams left his homeland and lived in a variety of places both in the United States and abroad , doing a variety of things , including graphic art , construction work , bull-riding , archaeology , spelunking , and more . Around 1980 Williams began to experiment in music , playing in a few small bands , but eventually becoming enthralled with multitrack tape and field recordings . Over the next decade he gathered sounds from various caves , wells , cisterns , archaeological sites , and more , as well as continuing to hone his musical abilities with several instruments . During the bulk of this era he was largely a solitary experimentalist and he had no public releases .   In the early 1990s , Williams relocated to the Boston area . At that time , he first began to perform under the guise of Mindspawn . Eventually , Williams started his own record label , Dark Seeds , and began releasing his material and that of other similar minded artists . The first Mindspawn release was the album Conversing With Zardoz , in 1999 . Darkness Weaves was released a year later in 2000 and Null Infinite was released in 2001 . Mindspawn `` singles '' also appear on several compilations . From 2001 to 2004 , Mindspawn 's sounds found their way onto documentaries like `` America 's Most Haunted Town , '' various video games , and a wide variety of other artist releases . In 2005 , Mindspawn and Coph Nia collaborated on the post industrial dark ambient album , Erotomechaniks , which enjoyed critical success and was widely well received . Between 2000 and 2008 , Williams continued to perform and compose as Mindspawn , while operating a recording/sound design studio in Boston , MA . During this period , Williams engineered and produced a variety of artists and projects ranging from EDM to video games and film . In 2006-2007 Williams and Steve Smith ( house music vocalist ) of Dirty Vegas composed and produced the theme for the `` Standoff ( TV series ) '' and scored the cult film `` The Boys & Girls Guide to Getting Down '' by Paul Sapiano . The `` Standoff '' theme song was nominated for an Emmy for Best Theme Song in 2007 . Between 2008-2011 the Mindspawn project was on hiatus while Williams explored other interests and recovered from health issues . In late 2011 , Williams once again began performing live and releasing sounds and music under the Mindspawn name . In September 2014 , the Mindspawn album Parasite Theory was released . 2016 saw Mindspawn reunite with Coph Nia on the collaboration album , Erotomechaniks II . Mindspawn/Gene Williams continues to produce , compose , and perform live .   The Mindspawn name was chosen as an ambiguous play on words , the two `` meanings '' being Mind 's Pawn and Mind Spawn . Beyond the obvious no further meaning has ever been intended . The sound composed/created by Mindspawn varies from soundscapes and industrial ambience to dark ambient , including claustrophobic film music and sound categorized as space music . Mindspawn sound has been aptly referred to as sound sculptures or sonic tapestries .

neg: Red Harvest (Bloodsimple album) Red Harvest is the second and final album by New York City Alternative metal band Bloodsimple . It was released on October 30 , 2007 . Will Hunt of the band Dark New Day played drums on this album . Frontman Tim Williams explained that the title of the album is based on the 1929 book of the same name by Dashiell Hammett .   `` Dead Man Walking '' was included on the soundtrack of the video game WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009 .

neg: Red Bird (web series) Red Bird is an American Western web series . Created by Misti Boland and Jeremy Osbern , the series stars Alexandra Goodman , Ian Stark , Armin Shimerman , Kitty Swink , Mike McShane , and John Prosky . The series of eight three to five minute episodes premiered on YouTube and the show 's website in March 2016 .   Tubefilter , in their Indie Spotlight , described the series as `` a female revenge tale featuring Kitty Mae , who is seeking to get even with the gunman who killed her only son in cold blood . ''   The Daily Dot issued a positive review of the series , noting that from `` costumes to locations to an original soundtrack that has presence and bite , it looks and sounds just as you 'd imagine the creators -- husband and wife Jeremy Osbern and Misti Boland -- desired it . '' But the reviewer also longed for more time with each episode , stating that episodes `` are centered around single set pieces or scenes that although well-scripted and shot , are short , mostly coming in at around three minutes . ''   Red Bird was shot on location and on sets in Colorado and Kansas and incorporated real horses , authentic old west set pieces , and practical gunshot and blood effects .

neg: Edge of Normal Edge of Normal is an American sci-fi web series created by Amanda Overton as her graduate thesis project from University of Southern California ( USC ) . Inspired by Amanda 's love for popular comics and films such as X-Men and The Dark Knight , Edge of Normal is a unique mixture of sci-fi and superhero elements in a web serialized format .  In 2013 the web series was bought for distribution by Wonderly . Wonderly is a YouTube Multi-Channel Network , subsidiary of Big Frame that focuses on innovative female creators .  Edge of Normal premiered its first season on July 16 , 2013 , with the episode `` Natalie '' .

neg: Claire Redfield is a fictional character in the Resident Evil ( Biohazard in Japan ) horror franchise by Capcom . Claire is the younger sister of Chris Redfield , an American special police officer who is a protagonist of the first Resident Evil game , and is herself a protagonist of the video games Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil - Code : Veronica , where she is a zombie outbreak survivor turned a vigilante . She returned as an abducted activist in the video game Resident Evil : Revelations 2 after being absent from the main series for a decade and half since Code : Veronica .   Claire has also appeared in various other media , including several additional video games , the computer-animated film Resident Evil : Degeneration , and the non-canon live-action films Resident Evil : Extinction , Resident Evil : Afterlife and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter , as well as in the promotion and merchandise for the franchise . She was very well received by critics and became one of the most popular Resident Evil characters .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Lobster Johnson Lobster Johnson ( also known as the Lobster ) is a fictional character featured in the Hellboy and Bureau For Paranormal Research and Defense comic books published by Dark Horse Comics . He was created by Mike Mignola .   Within the Hellboy universe , the Lobster was a vigilante who worked in secret in New York City during the 1930s . Although the public believes that the Lobster was only the hero of pulp serials and comics , he was a real man who faced gangsters as well as paranormal threats . The Lobster had a reputation for violence , such as killing mobsters and burning his trademark lobster claw symbol into their foreheads with the palm of his gloved hand . This behavior was similar to the Marvel UK comic book character Night Raven , and the pulp magazine hero The Spider .

neg: Red Sands Red Sands is a 2009 American horror film set in Parvan Province , Afghanistan in September 2002 . The film is directed by Alex Turner , whose previous effort was Dead Birds , in 2004 .


query: Lee Child is European.

pos: Lee Child James D. `` Jim '' Grant ( born 29 October 1954 ) , better known by his pen name Lee Child , is a British author who writes thriller novels . He is especially known for his Jack Reacher novel series . The books follow the adventures of a former American military policeman , Jack Reacher , who wanders the United States . His first novel , Killing Floor , won both the Anthony Award , and the Barry Award for Best First Novel .

neg: Lolicon , also romanised as lolikon or rorikon , is Japanese discourse or media focusing on the attraction to young or prepubescent girls . The term lolicon is a portmanteau of the phrase `` Lolita complex '' ; it describes an attraction to young or prepubescent girls , an individual with such an attraction , or lolicon manga or lolicon anime , a genre of manga and anime wherein childlike female characters are often depicted in an `` erotic-cute '' manner ( also known as ero kawaii ) , in an art style reminiscent of the shōjo manga ( girls ' comics ) style .   Outside Japan , lolicon is in less common usage and usually refers to the genre . The term is a reference to Vladimir Nabokov 's book Lolita , in which a middle-aged man becomes sexually obsessed with a twelve-year-old girl . It was first used in Japan in the 1970s and quickly became used to describe erotic dojinshi ( amateur comics ) portrayals of young girls .   Laws have been enacted in various countries , including in Japan , which regulate explicit content featuring children or childlike characters . Parent and citizens groups in Japan have organized to work toward stronger controls and stricter laws governing lolicon manga and other similar media . Studies of lolicon fans state that they are attracted to an aesthetic of cuteness rather than the age of the characters , and that collecting lolicon represents a disconnect from society .

neg: Lee (Korean surname) Lee is the typical romanization of the common South Korean surname I ( Hangul -LSB- ) , North Korean surname Ri ( -LSB- ) . The name is written identically to the Chinese name Li 李 in Hanja characters . It is the second-most-common surname in Korea , behind only Kim .

neg: Libertas Estonia Libertas Estonia ( Libertas Eesti Erakond , LEE ) was a political party in Estonia . It intended to contend the 2009 European Parliament elections under a common banner with Libertas.eu .

neg: Carl Lee (actor) Carl Lee ( November 22 , 1926April 17 , 1986 ) , born Carl Vincent Canegata , was an American actor . He was also the son of actor/professional boxer Canada Lee ( 1907 -- 1952 ) .   In a 2000 interview , filmmaker James Toback stated , `` In the sort of hip world of New York , Carl Lee was the hip-black-actor icon . He was for hip people what Sidney Poitier was for mainstream people . ''   Lee played a heroin dealer , the title role in the Obie Award-winning play The Connection . He later appeared in the film version .   Lee , who made his first film appearance in the 1954 film Human Desire , went on to appear in such films as A Man Called Adam in 1966 opposite Sammy Davis , Jr. and Cicely Tyson , and the now classic blaxploitation film Superfly ( with the late Ron O'Neal ) in 1972 . He also appeared in various television roles in such shows as The Defenders , Mannix , and Good Times ( `` Willona 's Surprise '' , 1977 ) in a memorable performance in which he portrayed Willona Woods 's ex-husband Ray , who makes sexual advances towards Thelma ( Bernadette Stanis ) .   Lee suffered a heroin addiction which led to his death .

neg: Tony Lee Tony Lee is a British comics writer , screenwriter , audio playwright , and novelist .

neg: Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands .   The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard .   The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) .   The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .

neg: Childhood Childhood is the age span ranging from birth to adolescence . According to Piaget 's theory of cognitive development , childhood consists of two stages : preoperational stage and concrete operational stage . In developmental psychology , childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood ( learning to walk ) , early childhood ( play age ) , middle childhood ( school age ) , and adolescence ( puberty through post-puberty ) . Various childhood factors could affect a person 's attitude formation . '' '   The concept of childhood emerged during the 17th and 18th centuries , particularly through the educational theories of the philosopher John Locke and the growth of books for and about children . Previous to this point , children were often seen as incomplete versions of adults .

neg: Lee Chambers Lee Chambers ( born 4 February 1970 ) is a British-Canadian writer , film director , and producer . In 2012 he won the Best Screenwriter award from Northern Ontario Music and Film Awards for his Australian short film , Hugh Jackman Saves the World .

neg: Adrian Lee Adrian Lee ( born 9 September 1957 , London , England ) is an English musician , known especially for his brass instrumentation work with several well-known acts of the 1980s .

neg: European social model The European social model is a common vision many European states have for a society that combines economic growth with high living standards and good working conditions . Historian Tony Judt has argued that the European social model `` binds Europe together '' in contrast to the ` American way of life ' .   European states do not all use a single social model , but welfare states in Europe do share several broad characteristics . These generally include a commitment to full employment , social protections for all citizens , social inclusion , and democracy . Examples common among European countries include universal health care , free higher education , strong labor protections and regulations , and generous welfare programs in areas such as unemployment insurance , retirement pensions , and public housing . The Treaty of the European Community set out several social objectives : promotion of employment , improved living and working conditions ... proper social protection , dialogue between management and labour , the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion . Because different European states focus on different aspects of the model , it has been argued that there are four distinct social models in Europe -- the Nordic , British , Mediterranean and the Continental .   The general outlines of a European social model emerged during the post-war boom . Tony Judt lists a number of causes : the abandonment of protectionism , the baby boom , cheap energy , and a desire to catch up with living standards enjoyed in the United States . The European social model also enjoyed a low degree of external competition as the Soviet bloc , China and India were not yet integrated into the global economy . In recent years , it has become common to question whether the European social model is sustainable in the face of low birthrates , globalisation , Europeanisation and an ageing population .

neg: Lee Montgomery Elliott `` Lee '' Harcourt Montgomery ( born November 3 , 1961 ) is a former Canadian-American child actor best known for his role as a lonely little boy who befriends a pack of killer rats in the film Ben ( 1972 ) and for his role as Sarah Jessica Parker 's hunky dance partner , Jeff Malone , in Girls Just Want to Have Fun ( 1985 ) .

neg: M. David Lee III M. David Lee III ( born September 14 , 1965 , Champaign , Illinois ) is an award-winning American film director , producer , writer , editor and director of photography . Lee is noted for his use of a version of the Dogme95 principals originally developed by Lars Von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg in his films . His production company , Triple Sticks Productions , has produced four feature films since 1997 and several short films dating back to the late '70s . Triple Sticks Productions is also distributing their film , Slow Down ... You 're Dating Too Fast ! . Lee has also spent time as a sports anchor with Comcast SportsNet Mid-Atlantic , SNY , WHBQ , KNTV , KDOC , and KCOY .   In 2009 , `` Dog Me : Potluck , '' was selected for distribution on Netflix .

neg: Swan Lee Swan Lee was a Danish band featuring Pernille Rosendahl on vocals . The name was taken from a Syd Barrett song .   In 1996 Pernille Rosendahl formed a band with guitarist Jonas Struck , drummer Emil Jorgensen and her then-boyfriend , keyboardist Tim Christensen . Christensen left in 1999 , and the remaining trio continued , renaming the band Swan Lee , and adding bassist Frederik Damsgaard to the lineup . An entire album was recorded with Cannibal Records , but never released because of musical differences with the record label director Kim Hyttel , followed by lawsuits . Other record companies rejected them seeing a potential only in Rosendahl .   The band finally decided to establish their own record label , named GoGo Records , and in February 2001 released their debut album Enter . The album sold 20,000 copies and contained , the single `` Tomorrow Never Dies '' , written in collaboration with Tim Christensen . Enter peaked at position 27 in the Danish charts . In 2004 , the band had another album , the self-titled Swan Lee which reached number one in the charts . The single `` I Do n't Mind '' peaked at position three .   Tomorrow Never Dies was featured in Danish IO Interactive 's videogame Hitman : Blood Money .   Swan Lee disbanded in September 2005 .

neg: The Ballad of Nora Lee The Ballad Of Nora Lee is third studio album from the Norwegian band Helldorado .   The album shows a band that is still deeply fascinated and inspired by Americana music and subculture , combining elements from different genres .   The Turkish National Football Team has chosen Helldorado 's `` A Drinking Song '' as their new Football Anthem for the Euro 2008 Championship . `` A Drinking Song '' was A-listed on Turkish TV Channel `` Dream-TV '' . It was on high rotation on the channel and it was rated video of the week .

neg: Lincoln–Lee Legion The Lincoln -- Lee Legion was established by Anti-Saloon League-founder Howard Hyde Russell in 1903 to promote the signing of abstinence pledges by children . The organization was originally called the Lincoln League , named after Abraham Lincoln . However , in 1912 it was renamed the Lincoln -- Lee Legion , adding a reference to Robert E. Lee in order to make it more appealing to southern children and their parents .   The pledge called for a lifetime commitment to abstain from alcoholic beverages :  `` Whereas , the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage is productive of pauperism , degradation and crime ; and believing it our duty to discourage that which produces more evil than good , we therefore pledge ourselves to abstain from the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage `` .   Pledge signing drives were heavily promoted at churches , Sunday schools , and temperance meetings . Girls who signed the pledge were called `` Willards , '' after Frances Willard of the Women 's Christian Temperance Union . Northern boys were called `` Lincolns '' and southern boys became `` Lees . '' By 1925 , over five million children had signed the total abstinence pledge cards .

neg: Lee Elementary School of Technology / World Studies Lee Elementary School of Technology / World Studies is a historic elementary school in Tampa , Florida . It was established as Michigan Avenue Grammar School in 1906 . It became Robert E. Lee Elementary School in 1943 when Michigan Avenue was renamed Columbus Drive ( Tampa ) . The school is located at 305 East Columbus Drive and was the first brick school building constructed in Hillsborough County , Florida . In 2004 it became Lee Elementary School of Technology/World Studies . The school 's colors are royal blue and gold and its mascot is Robert E. Lee 's horse Traveller .   The school was renovated in 1989 and won a local historic preservation award . It reopened as Lee Elementary School , the first magnet school in Hillsborough County . In 2005 it became  Lee Elementary School of Technology/World Studies with its curriculum expanded to include a world studies .

neg: Children Act 1948 The Children Act 1948 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that established a comprehensive childcare service . It reformed the services available to deprived children , consolidating existing childcare legislation and establishing departments `` in which professional social work practice would develop in child care and , in due course , in work with families . '' The Act made it clear that it was the duty of local authorities to receive into care any child who was without parents or whose parents could not care for him for any reason , if it was in the interest of the child 's welfare .   The new duties imposed upon local authorities by the legislation ( particularly to receive deprived children into care ) resulted in childcare services working more closely with families . The Act also led to a new approach towards parent-child relations , encouraging the newly established Children 's Departments ` to view children as individual human beings with both shared and individualised needs , rather than an indistinct mass . ''

neg: Gavin Lee Gavin Lee ( born 15 October 1971 ) is an English actor who has appeared on the stage in musical theatre , notably in the musical Mary Poppins , in both the West End and on Broadway .

neg: Edward Leeson Edward Liam Bearchan Gregory-Leeson ( born 25 April 1986 ) is an English musician , performer , writer and curator .   Previously the lead singer for Larrikin Love in which he performed under the stage name Edward Larrikin , he currently performs with Sunless '97 under the stage name Edward Eke .   Leeson is the son of filmmaker and War Child founder Bill Leeson .

neg: Child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation . Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child ( whether by asking or pressuring , or by other means ) , indecent exposure ( of the genitals , female nipples , etc. ) , child grooming , or using a child to produce child pornography .   Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings , including home , school , or work ( in places where child labor is common ) . Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse ; UNICEF has stated that child marriage `` represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls '' . The effects of child sexual abuse can include depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , anxiety , complex post-traumatic stress disorder , propensity to further victimization in adulthood , and physical injury to the child , among other problems . Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest .   The global prevalence of child sexual abuse has been estimated at 19.7 % for females and 7.9 % for males . Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims ; approximately 30 % are relatives of the child , most often brothers , fathers , uncles , or cousins ; around 60 % are other acquaintances , such as `` friends '' of the family , babysitters , or neighbors ; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10 % of child sexual abuse cases . Most child sexual abuse is committed by men ; studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14 % to 40 % of offenses reported against boys and 6 % of offenses reported against girls .   The word pedophile is commonly applied indiscriminately to anyone who sexually abuses a child , but child sexual offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a strong sexual interest in prepubescent children . Under the law , child sexual abuse is often used as an umbrella term describing criminal and civil offenses in which an adult engages in sexual activity with a minor or exploits a minor for the purpose of sexual gratification . The American Psychological Association states that `` children can not consent to sexual activity with adults '' , and condemns any such action by an adult : `` An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act which never can be considered normal or socially acceptable behavior . ''


query: Roald Dahl is a British writer.

pos: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children 's book by British author Roald Dahl . The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka .   Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was first published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf , Inc. in 1964 and in the United Kingdom by George Allen & Unwin , 3 years later . The book has been adapted into two major motion pictures : Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory in 1971 , and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in 2005 . The book 's sequel , Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator , was written by Roald Dahl in 1971 and published in 1972 . Dahl had also planned to write a third book in the series but never finished it .   The story was originally inspired by Roald Dahl 's experience of chocolate companies during his schooldays . Cadbury would often send test packages to the schoolchildren in exchange for their opinions on the new products . At that time ( around the 1920s ) , Cadbury and Rowntree 's were England 's two largest chocolate makers and they each often tried to steal trade secrets by sending spies , posing as employees , into the other 's factory . Because of this , both companies became highly protective of their chocolate-making processes . It was a combination of this secrecy and the elaborate , often gigantic , machines in the factory that inspired Dahl to write the story .

pos: Tales of the Unexpected (short story collection) Roald Dahl 's Tales of the Unexpected is a collection of sixteen short stories written by British author Roald Dahl and first published in 1979 . All of the stories were earlier published in various magazines , and then in the collections Someone Like You and Kiss Kiss .

pos: Roald Dahl Roald Dahl ( -LSB- langpronˈroʊ.əld _ ˈdɑːl -RSB- , -LSB- ˈɾuːɑl dɑl -RSB- ; 13 September 1916 -- 23 November 1990 ) was a British novelist , short story writer , poet , screenwriter , and fighter pilot . His books have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide .   Born in Wales to Norwegian parents , Dahl served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War , in which he became a flying ace and intelligence officer , rising to the rank of acting wing commander . He rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults and he became one of the world 's best selling authors . He has been referred to as `` one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century '' . His awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement , and the British Book Awards ' Children 's Author of the Year in 1990 . In 2008 , The Times placed Dahl 16th on its list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' .   Dahl 's short stories are known for their unexpected endings and his children 's books for their unsentimental , macabre , often darkly comic mood , featuring villainous adult enemies of the child characters . His books champion the kind-hearted , and feature an underlying warm sentiment . Dahl 's works for children include James and the Giant Peach , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory , Matilda , The Witches , Fantastic Mr Fox , The BFG , The Twits and George 's Marvellous Medicine . His adult works include Tales of the Unexpected .

neg: Nonsense verse Nonsense verse is a form of nonsense literature usually employing strong prosodic elements like rhythm and rhyme . It is whimsical and humorous in tone and employs some of the techniques of nonsense literature .   Limericks are probably the best known form of nonsense verse , although they tend nowadays to be used for bawdy or straightforwardly humorous , rather than nonsensical , effect .   Among writers in English noted for nonsense verse are Edward Lear , Lewis Carroll , Mervyn Peake , Sukumar Ray , Edward Gorey , Colin West , Dr. Seuss , and Spike Milligan . The Martian Poets and Ivor Cutler are considered by some to be in the nonsense tradition .

neg: Roald Mandelstam Roald Charlsovich Mandelstam ( Роа́льд Ча́рльсович Мандельшта́м September 16 , 1932 , Leningrad - February 26 , 1961 , Leningrad ) was a Russian poet .

neg: Stalky & Co. Stalky & Co. is a novel by Rudyard Kipling about adolescent boys at a British boarding school . It is a collection of school stories whose juvenile protagonists display a know-it-all , cynical outlook on patriotism and authority . According to his family , Kipling enjoyed reading aloud stories from Stalky & Co. to them and often went into spasms of laughter over his own jokes . It was first published in 1899 ( following serialisation in the Windsor Magazine ) . Reflecting its origins , the novel is episodic in nature , with self-contained chapters . It is set at an unnamed school referred to as the College or the Coll. , which is based on the United Services College in Devon , which Kipling attended . The character Beetle , one of the main trio , is partly based on Kipling himself , while the charismatic character Stalky is based on Lionel Dunsterville , M'Turk is based on George Charles Beresford , Mr King is based on William Carr Crofts. , and the school Head , Mr. Bates , is based on Cormell Price .   The stories have elements of revenge , the macabre , bullying and violence , and hints about sex , making them far from childish or idealised . For example , Beetle pokes fun at an earlier , more earnest , boys ' book , Eric , or , Little by Little , thus flaunting his more worldly outlook . There is also some information about Stalky in later life . In his essay entitled `` What We Can Expect of the American Boy , '' Teddy Roosevelt disdained this novel , calling it `` a story which ought never to have been written , for there is hardly a single form of meanness which it does not seem to extol , or of school mismanagement which it does not seem to applaud . ''

neg: Sally Ledger Sally Ledger ( 14 December 1961 - 21 January 2009 ) was a Professor of Victorian literature who made major contributions to the fields of nineteenth-century women 's writing , literary feminism , and the study of Charles Dickens .   Ledger took her undergraduate studies at Queen Mary University of London , where she won the George Smith Prize for the best English First in the University of London in 1985 . She completed her graduate studies at the University of Oxford , where she worked on the novels of Mark Rutherford under the supervision of Terry Eagleton at Wadham College . While at Oxford she was involved with the student pressure group Oxford English Limited , and wrote for its journal News from Nowhere : Journal of the Oxford English Faculty Opposition ; she also contributed to the journal Literature Teaching Politics , where her first published article appeared in 1987 . After her doctorate , Ledger had lectureships at Royal Holloway University of London , the University of Exeter and the University of the West of England before moving to Birkbeck University of London in 1995 as a Lecturer in English . She was promoted to Reader in 2001 and Professor in 2006 . Ledger moved to Royal Holloway University of London in 2008 to take up the Hildred Carlile Chair of English .   Professor Ledger 's major publications are The New Woman : Fiction and Feminism at the Fin de Siècle ( Manchester University Press , 1997 ) and Dickens and the Popular Radical Imagination ( Cambridge University Press , 2007 ) . She also wrote a study of Henrik Ibsen for Northcote House 's ` Writers and Their Work ' series ( 1999 ) , and co-edited a series of volumes : Political Gender : Texts and Contexts ( Routledge , 1994 ) , Cultural Politics at the Fin de Siècle ( Cambridge University Press , 1995 ) , The Fin de Siècle : A Reader in Cultural History ( Oxford University Press , 2000 ) and the posthumously published Charles Dickens in Context ( Cambridge University Press , 2013 ) . She also edited George Egerton 's Keynotes and Discords ( Bloomsbury Academic , 2000 ) . From 2005-2009 she was an integral part of the Dickens Project conference at the University of California , Santa Cruz and was planning a book on the origins of Victorian sentimentality at the time of her death . The British Association of Victorian Studies inaugurated the Sally Ledger Memorial Bursary fund for postgraduate students in her honour .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: Lewis Carroll: A Biography Lewis Carroll : A Biography is a 1995 biography of author Lewis Carroll by Morton N. Cohen , first published by Knopf , later by Macmillan . It is generally considered to be the definitive scholarly work on Carroll 's ( real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) life . Cohen 's approach is mainly chronological , with some chapters grouped by theme , such as those on Carroll 's religion , his love of little girls , and his guilty feelings . Cohen , a Carroll scholar for 30 years , opts to use Dodgson 's first name , Charles , throughout the work , because it `` seems most appropriate in a book dealing with the intimacy of his life '' .   The book generally assumes that Carroll 's love of little girls was not just emotional but sexual -- that he was a paedophile , albeit a suppressed one . In the book Cohen writes :  `` We can not know to what extent sexual urges lay behind Charles 's preference for drawing and photographing children in the nude . He contended that the preference was entirely aesthetic . But given his emotional attachment to children as well as his aesthetic appreciation of their forms , his assertion that his interest was strictly artistic is naïve . He probably felt more than he dared acknowledge , even to himself . ''  While attributing the source of Carroll 's chaotic emotional life to his sexual urges , Cohen opined that they were also responsible for his creative works .   Karoline Leach in In the Shadow of the Dreamchild ( 1999 ) writes that Cohen and previous biographers misunderstood the norms and customs of the Victorian era , and that Carroll 's adulation of children was not sexual but a reflection of the romanticisation of the child prevalent in that era . Contrariwise , a website set up by opponents ( including Leach ) of the tradition Carroll image , reports that while Cohen acknowledges the paedophilic nature of Carroll 's image , he `` Inexplicably he lists the numbers of intimate woman-friends that Dodgson had through his life , yet still concludes that his existence revolved exclusively around friendships with small girls ! ''   Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone in The Alice Companion : A Guide to Lewis Carroll 's Alice Books ( 1998 ) criticises the book for what they say is a poor treatment of Carroll 's involvement in controversies at the University of Oxford . Megan Harlan in Entertainment Weekly writes that `` This beautifully written bio never shies away from the house-of-mirrors complexity of its subject . '' An issue of Victorian Studies reported that there were issues with inconsistent references . Miles Edward Friend compares Cohen 's handling of the material to Carroll 's boat trips with the children , saying , `` With Cohen at the tiller , we are deftly guided through the flow of Carroll 's life . '' Ronald Warwick in Times Higher Education criticises Cohen 's interpretation of Carroll 's relationship with his archdeacon father ; his `` insecure grasp of 19th-century ecclesiastical history '' ; his prose , which Warwich called cliched ; and his choice to use Dodgson 's first name , which Warwick said was not used even by Dodgson 's most intimate male friends .

neg: Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles .   Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .

neg: Ophelia Dahl Ophelia Magdalena Dahl ( born 12 May 1964 ) is a British social justice and health care advocate .   As of January 2008 , Dahl is the president and executive director of Partners In Health ( PIH ) , a Boston , Massachusetts-based non-profit health care organization dedicated to providing a `` preferential option for the poor . '' She first encountered Paul Farmer , the future co-founder of PIH , as an eighteen-year-old volunteer in Haiti , and has since dedicated her life to advocating for social justice and healthcare equity .   As a co-founder and key member of the PIH team , Dahl was featured prominently in Mountains Beyond Mountains : The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer , a Man Who Would Cure the World , Tracy Kidder 's book describing the work of the organization and the life of Dr. Farmer . In December 2006 , Ophelia Dahl and Paul Farmer received the Union Medal from Union Theological Seminary in New York . Dahl and the Partners in Health team is featured in the 2017 documentary film , Bending The Arc .   Dahl is the daughter of actress Patricia Neal and author Roald Dahl . Dahl contributed to the 2003 book The Roald Dahl Treasury , a collection of her father 's stories , memoirs , letters and poetry , and is currently writing a memoir of her father . She is a trustee of the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre , a registered charity with the mission of `` telling Roald Dahl 's life story , to care for his archive and to promote a love of creative writing in everyone . ''   Dahl graduated from Wellesley College as a Davis Scholar and delivered Wellesley 's 2006 commencement address .   In 2011 , she was named by the Boston Globe as one of the three Bostonians of the Year , along with her Partners in Health co-founder , Paul Farmer and a senior member of Partners in Health , Louise Ivers . This was mainly due to her and the charity 's response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake . She has also been selected by Social Capital Inc. ( SCI ) as a 2011 SCI Idealist Award recipient , to be given on 30 March 2011 .

neg: Matilda (novel) Matilda is a children 's novel by British writer Roald Dahl . Matilda won the Children 's Book Award in 1999 . It was published in 1988 by Jonathan Cape in London , with 232 pages and illustrations by Quentin Blake . It was adapted as an audio reading by actress Kate Winslet , a 1996 feature film directed by Danny DeVito , a two-part BBC Radio 4 programme starring Lauren Mote as Matilda , Nichola McAuliffe as Miss Trunchbull and narrated by Lenny Henry , and a 2010 musical .   In 2012 Matilda was ranked number 30 among all-time children 's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal , a monthly with primarily US audience . It was the first of four books by Dahl among the Top 100 , more than any other writer .

neg: Danny, the Champion of the World Danny , the Champion of the World is a 1975 children 's book by Roald Dahl . The plot centers on Danny , a  young English boy , and his father , William , who live in a Gypsy caravan fixing cars for a living and partake in poaching pheasants . It was first published in 1975 in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf , Inc. and in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape .   It was adapted into a made-for-TV movie in 1989 by Thames Television which starred Jeremy Irons . It is based on Dahl 's adult short story `` Champion of the World '' which first appeared in print in The New Yorker magazine , as did some of the other short stories that would later be reprinted as Kiss Kiss ( 1960 ) . Peter Serafinowicz provides the English language audiobook recording .

neg: BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s .   BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list .   Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .

neg: Adam Roberts (British writer) For other people with this name , see Adam Roberts ( disambiguation ) .   Adam Charles Roberts ( born 30 June 1965 ) is a British science fiction and fantasy novelist . He writes parodies under the pseudonyms of A.R.R.R. Roberts , A3R Roberts and Don Brine .

neg: Strand, London Strand ( or the Strand ) is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster , Central London . It runs just over 3/4 mi from Trafalgar Square eastwards to Temple Bar , where the road becomes Fleet Street inside the City of London , and is part of the A4 , a main road running west from inner London .   The road 's name comes from the Old English strond , meaning the edge of a river , as it historically ran alongside the north bank of the River Thames . The street was popular with the British upper classes between the 12th and 17th centuries , with many historically important mansions being built between the Strand and the river . These included Essex House , Arundel House , Somerset House , Savoy Palace , Durham House and Cecil House . The aristocracy moved to the West End over the 17th century , following which the Strand became well known for coffee shops , restaurants and taverns . The street was a centre point for theatre and music hall during the 19th century , and several venues remain on the Strand . At the east end of the street are two historic churches : St Mary le Strand and St Clement Danes .   Several authors , poets and philosophers have lived on or near the Strand , including Charles Dickens , Ralph Waldo Emerson and Virginia Woolf . The street has been commemorated in the song `` Let 's All Go Down the Strand '' , now recognised as a typical piece of Cockney music hall .

neg: Places of interest in Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire , England is most notable for its open countryside and natural features , including the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the River Thames . The county is also home to many historic houses , some of which are open to the public through the National Trust , such as Waddesdon Manor , West Wycombe Park and Cliveden ; and others which still act as private houses such as the Prime Minister 's country retreat Chequers .   Buckinghamshire is also the home of various notable people from history in whose honour tourist attractions have been established . The most notable of these is the author Roald Dahl who included many local features and characters in his works .   There are various notable sports facilities in Buckinghamshire such as Adams Park , and the county is also home to the world-famous Pinewood Studios .   This is a list of places of interest in the county . See List of places in Buckinghamshire for a list of settlements .

neg: Profile Books Profile Books is a British independent book publishing firm founded in 1996 . It publishes non-fiction subjects including history , biography , memoir , politics , current affairs , travel and popular science .   Profile Books is distributed in the UK by Random House and sold by Faber & Faber , and is part of the Independent Alliance .

neg: Indian English literature Indian English Literature ( IEL ) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India . Its early history began with the works of R. K. Narayan , Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao who contributed to Indian fiction in the 1930s . It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora , such as V. S. Naipaul , Kiran Desai , Jhumpa Lahiri , Kovid Gupta , Agha Shahid Ali , Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie , who are of Indian descent .   It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature . ( Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with Anglo-Indian ) . As a category , this production comes in the broader realm of postcolonial literature -- the production from previously colonised countries such as India .

neg: Ian Rankin Ian James Rankin , OBE , DL , FRSE , FRSL ( born 28 April 1960 ) is a Scottish crime writer , best known for his Inspector Rebus novels .

neg: Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald .   Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour .   As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) .   Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .

neg: Spoilt Rotten Spoilt Rotten : The Toxic Cult of Sentimentality ( subtitle in US editions : How Britain is Ruined by Its Children ) is a non-fiction book by the British writer and retired doctor and psychiatrist Theodore Dalrymple , originally published in 2010 . Polemical in nature , the book contends that sentimentality has become culturally entrenched in British society , with harmful consequences . The author uses a range of cultural , educational , political , media and literary issues -- including falling standards in education , UK aid policies for African development , the death of Diana , Princess of Wales , the disappearance of Madeleine McCann , and the work and life of Sylvia Plath -- to illustrate what he sees as the danger of abandoning logic in favour of sentimentality , which he describes as `` the progenitor , the godparent , the midwife of brutality '' . Much of Dalrymple 's analysis is underpinned by his experience of working with criminals and the mentally ill .   Spoilt Rotten received a mostly favourable reception in the media . Dalrymple was praised for carrying out a thought-provoking and convincing analysis of a newly emerged cultural phenomenon which sees emotion substituted for reason . Some critics , however , accused the author of cynicism and misanthropic pessimism in his approach , and the historian Noel Malcolm claimed that Dalrymple had overreached in his analysis .

neg: Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture .   British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital .   The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine .   The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .