query: Rio de Janeiro is in Brazil, an important cultural hub.

pos: Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( -LSB- ˈriːoʊ_di_ʒəˈnɛəroʊ , _ - deɪ_ʒə - , _ - də_dʒə - -RSB- -LSB- ˈʁi.u d ( ʒi ) ʒɐˈnejɾu -RSB- ; River of January ) , or simply Rio , is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas . The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area , the second-most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and sixth-most populous in the Americas . Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil 's third-most populous state . Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site , named `` Rio de Janeiro : Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea '' , by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape .   Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese , the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro , a domain of the Portuguese Empire . Later , in 1763 , it became the capital of the State of Brazil , a state of the Portuguese Empire . In 1808 , when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil , Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal , who subsequently , in 1815 , under the leadership of her son , the Prince Regent , and future King João VI of Portugal , raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom , within the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil , and Algarves . Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 , when the War of Brazilian Independence began . This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies . Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy , the Empire of Brazil , until 1889 , and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília .   Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country , and 30th largest in the world in 2008 , estimated at about R$ 343 billion ( IBGE , 2008 ) ( nearly US$ 201 billion ) . It is headquarters to Brazilian oil , mining , and telecommunications companies , including two of the country 's major corporations -- Petrobras and Vale -- and Latin America 's largest telemedia conglomerate , Grupo Globo . The home of many universities and institutes , it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil , accounting for 17 % of national scientific output according to 2005 data .   Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere and is known for its natural settings , Carnival , samba , bossa nova , and balneario beaches such as Barra da Tijuca , Copacabana , Ipanema , and Leblon . In addition to the beaches , some of the most famous landmarks include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain , named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World ; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car ; the Sambódromo ( Sambadrome ) , a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival ; and Maracanã Stadium , one of the world 's largest football stadiums .   Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics , making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to host the events , and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city . The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups , the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , and the XV Pan American Games .   The city is divided into 33 administrative regions .

neg: Paulo Alfeu Junqueira Duarte Paulo Duarte ( 1899 -- 1984 ) , full name Paulo Alfeu Junqueira Duarte , was a Brazilian archaeologist and humanist . He was the first person to practice archaeology and advocate for the protection of archaeological sites on a large scale in Brazil .   Duarte excavated hundreds of shell middens throughout Brazil which had been mined for lime since the beginning of the colonial period . He established the Pre-Historical State Commission of São Paulo ( Comissão de Pré-História de São Paulo ) in 1952 , housed at the University of São Paulo , to preserve the objects he discovered . He also conducted excavations along the coast of São Paulo state , which discovered a much-publicized pre-historic human skull known as `` Miss Sambaqui '' .   In addition to his archaeological work , Duarte was a leading proponent of Brazilian culture , folklore and art . He argued vociferously for the preservation of the unique cultures of the indigenous peoples in Brazil . With Mário de Andrade and Sérgio Milliet , he cofounded the São Paulo Department of Culture ( Departamento de Cultura e Recreação da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo ) in 1935 . In 1937 , in retaliation for various public remarks , he was exiled from Brazil by the government of Getúlio Vargas .   Duarte returned to Brazil after World War II , and brought with him a number of European archaeologists he had met while in exile . With their assistance , the excavation of pre-historic Brazilian settlements began in earnest in 1954 . Due to several sensational discoveries including `` Miss Sambaqui '' , Duarte became something of a celebrity . He was asked to draft a law for the protection of archaeological heritage in 1957 by President Juscelino Kubitschek . The legislation passed in 1961 , as Law no. 3924 , and remains the framework for the archaeological preservation in Brazil today .   Taking advantage of his fame to remark publicly on political issues , Duarte came once again into the displeasure of the government and was banned from teaching by the military government in 1969 . He was banned from visiting USP from this point , and institution that he had helped found , and never returned . Archaeological preservation laws were poorly enforced by the dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970 , and Duarte fought in this period against the destruction of shell middens . He died in 1984 .

neg: São Luís, Maranhão São Luís ( -LSB- sɐ̃w luˈis -RSB- , Saint Louis ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Maranhão . The city is located on Ilha de São Luís ( Saint Louis ' Island ) in the Baía de São Marcos ( Saint Mark 's Bay ) , an extension of the Atlantic Ocean which forms the estuary of Pindaré , Mearim , Itapecuru and other rivers . Its coordinates are 2.53 ° south , 44.30 ° west . The city proper has a population of some 986,826 people ( 2008 IBGE estimate ) . The metropolitan area totals 1,227,659 , ranked as the 16th largest in Brazil .   São Luís , created originally as Saint-Louis-de-Maragnan , is the only Brazilian state capital founded by France ( see France Équinoxiale ) and it is one of the three Brazilian state capitals located on islands ( the others are Vitória and Florianópolis ) .   The city has two major sea ports : Madeira Port and Itaqui Port , through which a substantial part of Brazil 's iron ore , originating from the ( pre ) - Amazon region , is exported . The city 's main industries are metallurgical with Alumar , and VALE . São Luís is home of the Federal University of Maranhão .   São Luís was the home town of famous Brazilian samba singer Alcione , Brazilian writers Aluísio Azevedo , Ferreira Gullar and Josué Montello , Belgian-naturalised soccer player Luís Oliveira , and the musician João do Vale and Zeca Baleiro , a Música popular brasileira ( MPB ) singer .

neg: Rio Grande (Bahia) Rio Grande ( Portuguese for `` great river '' ) is a river of Bahia state in eastern Brazil .

neg: Indaiatuba Indaiatuba is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil . It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas . The population is 235,367 ( 2016 est. ) in an area of 311.55 km ² . The elevation is 624 m . The city 's name derives from the Tupi language . It is an important city in one of Brazil 's main industrial regions .   Based on the latest IFDM social index data , Indaiatuba ranks number one of the `` Top 100 best cities to live in , in Brazil '' .   The Federation of Industries of Rio de Janeiro , surveyed data and compared information on education , health , income and employment ( wage and average generation of formal jobs ) of all municipalities in the country and , with this data they created the Firjan Development Index Municipal ( IFDM ) , so it was possible to create the rank of the top 100 cities to live in Brazil .   Data was collected from the Ministries of Education , Health and Labour for all municipalities .

neg: Porto Velho Porto Velho ( -LSB- ˈpoʁtu ˈvɛʎu -RSB- , Old Port ) is the capital of the Brazilian state of Rondônia , in the upper Amazon River basin , and a Catholic Metropolitan Archbishopric . The population is 426,558 people ( as of the IBGE 2010 census ) . Located on the border of Rondônia and the state of Amazonas , the town is an important trading center for cassiterite , the mining of which represents the most important economic activity in the region , as well as a transportation and communication center . It is on the eastern shore of the Madeira River , one of the main tributaries of the Amazon River . It is also Rondônia 's largest city , and the largest state capital of Brazil by area .   The municipality occupies most of the border between Amazonas and Rondônia , and is both the westernmost and northernmost city in the state .

neg: Tribo de Jah Tribo de Jah is a reggae band from Brazil formed in 1986 at the Maranhão 's capital city , São Luís is known as the Brazilian Jamaica , by Fauzi Beydoun , who in that time was a multinational CEO coming from Ivory Coast in África , that maintained a successful reggae program on a radio in town . It was in this school where the members met . Four band members are fully blind while the fifth has partial vision .   While buying equipment to form a band , Fauzi had a conversation with the leader of a band called `` Banda Reflexo '' , whose musicians are still acquainted with him today . There , they worked as hired musicians , playing in São Luis and nearby cities parties , running a repertoire that held all the successful rhythms from that time , such as reggae , lambada , dance , serestas , meringues etc. .  As a peculiar feature , the band is formed by four visually impaired men who had met each other still young at Escola de Cegos do Maranhão and awake to music using school 's old instruments ( a music keyboard with missing piano keys , a guitar missing chords and the druumer used to use the writing desk to set the pace ) . Then , they agreed to follow together the project to form a reggae music band .   Contested by the cultural elite , but embraced by the masses , reggae music became one of the most relevant features of maranhense culture , where it was created a very singular way to listen and dance the rhythm , creating an aspect that is unique in the entire world . At that time , the `` radiolas '' , or sound-systems , recognized in this manner in Jamaica , were responsible for spreading reggae music in the whole state , while different reggae clubs maintained the rhythm on top attending a great public frequency , even though reggae was still not played on radios .   In this situation , Tribo de Jah started to propagate its reggae roots , approaching social , political , spiritual subjects with love and peace messages . The band opened a market for reggae music in Brazil , playing in places where the Jamaican rhythm was never heard before attracting a legion of fans in the entire country .   The band was the pioneer introducing reggae theme in Brazil : terms like `` Jah '' ( God ) , `` Babylon '' , `` Roots '' ( title of their first album ) , among others , were never been spread nationally until then , what made the culture to be known in large scale by fans and other bands .   The band 's success out of the borders is due to Tribo de Jah sing in other tree languages besides Portuguese : French , Spanish and English .   Beyond international concerts , the band recorded the album `` In Version '' in Interlaken , Switzerland ; `` Reggae 'n Blues '' album in San Diego , California , featuring musicians that followed Peter Tosh , such as the bass player George Fullwood , the drummer Santa Davis , the guitar player Tony Chin , among others . Tribo de Jah also recorded an entirely album in English to the foreign Market , entitled `` Love to the World , Peace to the People '' .   Recorded 2008 in Belem , Pará , the last bands DVD , has as its main song and album title `` Live in Amazon '' , a global appeal against deforestation : `` Cease the fire in the forest or we all shall burn ... '' , which brought the Jamaican singer featuring ex-Gladiators singer Clinton Fearon .   The last album was released in 2014 titled Pedra de Salão , and it makes immersion in the essence of Mararanhão cultural reggae , hearkening back to its genesis .

neg: Santo Cristo, Rio de Janeiro Santo Cristo is a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil .

neg: European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension .   Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale .   In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values .   The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far .   An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union .   A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .

neg: Praça dos Três Poderes Praça dos Três Poderes ( -LSB- ˈpɾasɐ dus ˈtɾes poˈdeɾis -RSB- ; Three Powers Plaza ) is a plaza in Brasília , the capital of Brazil . The name is derived from the presence of the three governmental powers around the plaza : the Executive , represented by the Palácio do Planalto ( presidential office ) ; the Legislative represented by the Congresso Nacional ( National Congress ) ; and the Judiciary , represented by the Supremo Tribunal Federal ( Supreme Federal Court ) .   The plaza was designed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer as a place where the three powers would meet harmoniously , it has now become a tourist attraction of Brasília .   The plaza is home to the largest flag in the world to be flown regularly ( in this case , continuously ) . The Brazilian flag hoisted weighs about 600 kilograms ( 1300 pounds ) and has never been taken down ( not counting monthly replacements ) since the capital was inaugurated on 21 April 1960 . The flag is changed monthly in the presence of Presidential Guard Battalion , Independence Dragoons , other troops and sometimes the President of Brazil .

neg: Imperial Museum of Brazil The Museu Imperial de Petrópolis is a museum in the historic center of Petrópolis , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , housed in the former summer palace of Emperor Pedro II ( 1831-1889 ) , built in 1845 .   The museum includes the palace itself and a temporary exhibition hall dedicated to contemporary art . It is one of the most-visited museums in the country .

neg: Rio Grande (Dois Rios) Rio Grande ( Portuguese for `` great river '' ) is a river of Rio de Janeiro state in southeastern Brazil .

neg: Barcelona Esporte Clube Barcelona Esporte Clube , commonly known as Barcelona , is a Brazilian football club based in Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro state .

neg: Paulistas Paulistas are the inhabitants of the state of São Paulo , Brazil , and of its antecessor the Capitaincy of São Vicente , whose capital early shifted from the village of São Vicente to the one of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga .   The early population of São Paulo consisted mainly of indigenous Amerindian with few Portuguese settlers . The Portuguese settlements were small .   As the Bandeirantes gained power and the vice-kingdom of Brazil developed , the Portuguese element predominated in the population , the Indians being either absorbed or killed . But the province of São Paulo , enlarged by the Bandeiras to include Mato Grosso , Goiás , Paraná and Santa Catarina , remained undeveloped , having neither the gold of Minas Gerais nor the sugar cane of Pernambuco . As a consequence , it did not receive the same influx of black slaves during the 16th and 17th centuries as the more prosperous provinces of Brazil . Nevertheless , the number of black slaves increased substantially in São Paulo during the Brazilian Empire , as the slave traffic reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century . After the abolition of the international slave trade in 1850 , many more slaves were transferred from declining regions of Brazil ( such as the Northeast ) to work in coffee plantations .   The economic development of São Paulo only really took off with the founding of coffee plantations in the nineteenth century . Those coffee plantations were manned , from the beginning , by slaves , and remained so during most of the 19th century . Not even the abolition of the transatlantic trade changed this , with the coffee barons resorting to the import of slaves from the Northeastern and Southern regions . Both the coffee planters and the Brazilian government , however , were aware that the abolition of slavery could be postponed but not avoided at all ; as a result , a few experiments in immigration were tried during this period , and some ideas were discussed , including the immigration of Chinese workers . Only in the 1880s , however , did immigration start in earnest .   From then on , immigration was the solution adopted to what was seen as a labour shortage , and Italian and Spanish immigrants made the bulk of the workers brought to coffee plantations ; the reasons why ex-slaves were not employed , or were only marginally employed , are unclear and subject to debate . Much is made of a supposed `` whitening '' ideology , or even `` program '' , but the cold fact is that , when faced with the impossibility of obtaining European manpower , the coffee barons had no qualms about resorting to Japanese immigrants . A curious fact from this period was the immigration of US Southerners moving from a country where slavery had been abolished to one where it still existed . Of course , those were not manual workers and did n't come to work in coffee plantations .   The wealth produced by coffee culture eventually sparked urbanisation and industrialisation ; the growing urban environment attracted even more immigrants , especially Armenians and other Europeans , Syrians and Lebanese . Later , as the foreign immigration declined , a strong chain of internal migration from the Brazilian Northeast developed .

neg: Bangu, Rio de Janeiro Bangu is a neighborhood in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . It is a middle-class neighborhood . It is located in the western area of the city being one of the most populated districts , with 244,518 inhabitants ( according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE - Demographic Census 2000 ) -LSB- 1 -RSB- distributed in an area of 4570.69 ha . Located in the geographic center of the city , the neighborhood is close to Campo Grande , Senador Camará , Vila Aliança , Padre Miguel and Realengo . On November 22 , 2004 the mayor of Rio de Janeiro César Maia created by decree the district Gericinó . The neighborhood was originally part of the neighborhood of Bangu , the region where the penitentiary of Bangu is located , besides Bangu dump . The region is where Gericinó was located containing the sub-district of the Aqueduct ( Aqueduct of the Seine ) . Since 2004 , the complex of Bangu and dump of Bangu , no longer belong to the neighborhood of Bangu .   The neighborhood is well known for high temperatures in the summer , exceeding 40 ° C . The official record lowest temperature ever recorded in the city of Rio de Janeiro took place in Campo dos Afonsos ( 4.8 ° C ) in July 1928 , and the highest in Bangu ( 43.2 ° C ) in January 1984 .   In sport , the major representative is the Bangu Atlético Clube , state champion twice ( in 1933 and 1966 ) , Brazilian Vice-Champion in 1985 , World Champion and 1960 State Champion ( Series B ) in 1911 , 1914 and 2008 . Besides Bangu , also of note is the Ceres Futebol Clube , State champion ( Series C ) in 1990 and the Esperança Futebol Clube , Carioca champion ( Series C ) in 1918 .   In samba , the main club is called the Unidos de Bangu , which is a pioneer in the carnival , and the fourth oldest samba school in Brazil . It is the forerunner of Scholars of Santa Cruz . The club participated for a few years in the Special Group of Carnival . It was the bi-champion of the Carioca Carnaval in 1957 and 1962 ( Group A ) , the school made its last carnival in 1998 . There is also the Unidos da Vila Kennedy , champion in 2000 ( Group C ) .

neg: Lona Cultural Elza Osborne Lona Cultural Elza Osborne is a theatre in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil .

neg: Flores da Cunha Flores da Cunha is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil .  It is the largest producer of wines inside Brazil .

neg: Brazilian Miracle The Brazilian Miracle refers to a period of exceptional economic growth in Brazil during the rule of the Brazilian military government . During this time the average annual GDP growth was close to 10 % . Although there is no universally-accepted definition of this period , it is generally regarded to have lasted from 1968 until 1980 with the greatest growth reached during the tenure of President Emílio Garrastazu Médici from 1969 to 1973 .   Perception of the so-called golden age of Brazilian development was strengthened in 1970 , when Brazil for the third time won the FIFA World Cup , and the official adoption of the slogan `` Brasil , ame-o ou deixe-o '' ( `` Brazil , love it or leave it '' ) by the Brazilian military government .

neg: Brazilian real The real ( -LSB- reɪˈɑːl -RSB- Brazilian Portuguese : -LSB- ʁeˈaw -RSB- pl . reais ) is the present-day currency of Brazil . Its sign is R$ and its ISO code is BRL . It is divided into 100 centavos ( `` Cents '' ) .   The modern real was introduced in 1994 , when it replaced the old currency , the cruzeiro real , as part of the Plano Real , a substantial monetary reform package that aimed to put an end to three decades of rampant inflation . At the time it was meant to have approximately fixed 1:1 exchange rate with the United States dollar . It suffered a sudden devaluation to a rate of about 2:1 in 1999 , reached almost 4:1 in 2002 and then partially recovered until the domestic economic crisis of 2015 .  The exchange rate as of September 2015 was BRL 4.05 to USD 1.00 . The currency has since been in a gradual recovery period , reaching 3.0 BRL per USD by February 2017   The dollar-like sign ( cifrão ) is the currency 's symbol ( both historic and modern ) , and in all the other past Brazilian currencies , is officially written with two vertical strokes rather than one . However Unicode considers the difference to be only a matter of font design , and does not have a separate code for the two-stroked version .

neg: São João da Barra São João da Barra ( -LSB- sɐ̃w ˈʒwɐ̃w dɐ ˈbaʁɐ -RSB- ) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro . Its population was 28,609 ( 2005 ) and its area is 459 km ² .  It is home to the Superporto do Açu .

neg: Canal Contemporâneo Canal Contemporâneo is a digital community and publication focused on Brazilian contemporary art . It holds and spreads information , knowledge and debates in its different online modules : e-bulletins , blogs , forums , portfolios and art calendar . Based on concepts like Virtual Community ( Howard Rheingold ) , Radical Media ( J. D. H. Downing ) and Tactical media ( D. Garcia/G . Lovink ) , Canal Contemporâneo has been efficient in rousing communication and interaction , connecting people and institutions around the 27 Brazilian states and over 80 countries .   Created by the artist Patricia Canetti in 2000-2001 , Canal Contemporâneo was born like a bulletin ( the so-called e-nforme ) , which was sent to an initial list of 200 electronic addresses . Six years after its creation and succeeding developments , it has become the most influential medium of information and politization of Brazilian contemporary art in the Internet , being visited by more than 80 thousand people per month . Canal Contemporâneo and the works in it are also inserted in the exhibitions context . Performing as an `` artist '' in the contemporary art circuit , it completes its mission as a collective work and a space of engagement for the needs of the visual and technological arts .   Its on-line activism with petitions , forums and lists of discussion guides frequent journal articles and has been able to encourage mobilization . It got clear in the episode that turned the community against the use of public funds for the construction of a Guggenheim Museum in Rio de Janeiro ( 2003 ) and in the process of including the Digital Art in the scope of the Brazilian Funding laws ( 2004 ) . Though the visibility given by Canal Contemporâneo since 2001 , the applications for national art salons increased three times and , for the regional ones , they were multiplied by 10 .   Canal Contemporâneo made its debut in exhibitions in 2004 . The first one was the hiPer > relações eletro / / digitais ( hiPer > electro / / digital relations ) , curated by Daniela Bousso for the Sergio Motta Art and Technology Award and for the Santander Cultural , in Porto Alegre , with the work `` Quebra de Padrão '' ( Breaking standards ) . Then , came `` Tudo aquilo que escapa '' ( Everything that escapes ) , curated by Cristiana Tejo , as part of the 46th Visual Arts Salon of Pernambuco , at Museu do Estado in Recife , with the work `` Para que servem os Salões ? '' ( What are the salons made for ? ) . Canal Contemporâneo was also invited to take part in the Digital Communities category in Ars Electronica and , since then , Patricia Canetti , Canal Contemporâneo 's coordinator , has been a member of the International Advisory Board of Digital Communities .   Canal Contemporâneo has also taken part of the Documenta 12 magazines , collaborating with several theoretical and artistic works and being invited to talk in the `` Paper and Pixel '' week in Kassel ( Germany ) , in July 2007  .   Since 2005 , the special projects of Canal Contemporâneo have been sponsored by Petrobras , Brazilian major cultural sponsor .


query: Planet of the Apes (1968 film) had a script by Rod Serling that underwent rewrites.

pos: Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox .   The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins .   The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million .   The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series .   The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .

neg: Tam-Lin (film) Tam-Lin , also known as The Ballad of Tam-Lin , The Devil 's Widow and The Devil 's Woman , is a 1970 British film made by Commonwealth United Entertainment , Winkast Film Productions Ltd. and distributed by American International Pictures ( AIP ) . It was directed by Roddy McDowall and produced by Alan Ladd , Jr. and Stanley Mann , from a screenplay by William Spier based on the traditional Scottish poem The Ballad of Tam Lin . The film had original music by Stanley Myers and a musical version of the original poem recorded by the British folk rock band Pentangle , and was photographed by Billy Williams . It was the only film directed by McDowall .   The film stars Ava Gardner and Ian McShane with Richard Wattis , Cyril Cusack , Stephanie Beacham , Sinéad Cusack and Joanna Lumley .   A newer release of this film ( 1998 ) ( Republic Pictures Home Video ) re-cut the film to be closer to Roddy McDowall 's intention .   McDowall 's direction of this film precluded him from reprising his role as Cornelius in Beneath the Planet of the Apes , the only one of the original five Planet of the Apes films from which he is absent .

neg: Jackson Gillis Jackson Clark Gillis ( August 21 , 1916 -- August 19 , 2010 ) was an American radio and television scriptwriter whose career spanned more than 40 years and encompassed a wide range of genres .   Gillis was born in Kalama , Washington to a highway engineer and a piano teacher . His family moved to California when he was a teenager . He attended California State University , Fresno , but transferred to Stanford University , where he earned his undergraduate degree in English in 1938 . He worked in England after graduating from college . After returning to the United States , he performed with the Barter Theatre in Virginia , together with Gregory Peck . George Bernard Shaw attended a performance of one of his plays , in which Gillis acted . Gillis received a note from Shaw that critiqued his exit , a postcard Gillis retained for decades . He enlisted in the United States Army and worked as an intelligence officer during World War II in the Pacific Theater .   After completing his military service , Gillis moved to Los Angeles and took a job writing for radio shows , including the dramas The Whistler and Let George Do It . He moved into television scriptwriting and earned his first credit -- for an episode of Racket Squad , a series that starred Reed Hadley -- in 1952 . He wrote for The Adventures of Superman from 1953 to 1957 and also spent several years writing for Perry Mason and Lassie . His scriptwriting was prolific and varied , and over the years , he worked on shows such as Lost in Space , Hawaii Five-O , and Knight Rider . He wrote for the series Columbo , starring Peter Falk , from 1971 to 1992 . He also wrote a pair of detective novels , The Killers of Starfish and Chainsaw .   After retiring from Hollywood in the 1990s , Gillis and his wife moved to Moscow , Idaho , to be near their daughter . Gillis was married to the former Patricia Cassidy , a fellow actor whom he met during his brief acting career at the Barter Theatre , until her death in 2003 . He died at age 93 on August 19 , 2010 , of pneumonia in Moscow , Idaho . His daughter recalled that her father watched little on television other than football , as `` he thought most of what was on TV was junk '' .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Gene Roddenberry Gene Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American screenwriter and producer of several television series , best known for his work in creating the Star Trek franchise . Before his television writing career , he was a pilot in the 394th Bomb Squadron , 5th Bombardment Group of the Thirteenth Air Force during World War II . During his time in the military , he flew the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress , and was awarded both the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross . While working in the Los Angeles Police Department after the war , he began his television writing career , but resigned to concentrate on screenwriting . His first writing award was for an episode of Have Gun -- Will Travel entitled `` Helen of Abajinan '' which won the Writer 's Guild of America award for Best Teleplay in 1958 . In 1964 , he registered the idea with the Writer 's Guild which would define the rest of his career -- Star Trek .   The majority of the awards and nominations received by Roddenberry throughout his career were related to Star Trek . He was credited for Star Trek : The Original Series ( known at the time simply as Star Trek ) during the nominations for two Emmy Awards , and won two Hugo Awards . One Hugo was a special award for the series , while another was for `` The Menagerie '' , the episode which used footage from the original unaired pilot for Star Trek , `` The Cage '' . In addition , he was awarded the Brotherhood Award by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for his work in the advancement of African American characters on television .   At the 1967 Writer 's Guild of America Awards , a private feud between Roddenberry and writer Harlan Ellison entered the public eye , as Ellison had produced the original script for the episode `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' . He was told to re-write it due to financial restraints , but could not bring it within budget . Instead , Roddenberry re-wrote the script for the episode , but Ellison retained the credit and subsequently submitted the original script for consideration by the Writer 's Guild . This was an unusual step as normally the filmed version of the script is the one that was submitted . Both `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' and `` The Return of the Archons '' were nominated for the Best Episodic Drama Award , with the latter written and credited to Roddenberry . Ellison won the award for his script . Roddenberry submitted the filmed version of `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' script for the Hugo Awards , winning in 1968 , but the writing remained credited to Ellison . Roddenberry later claimed to have won a Nebula Award for the filmed version despite the Dramatic Presentation category not being created until 1974 .   Following the end of Star Trek , he was nominated for Hugo Awards for two television movies , Genesis II and The Questor Tapes . In addition to awards , Roddenberry also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame following a campaign by the fan clubs of Star Trek , which sought to have each fan donate a dollar towards the overall $ 3500 cost of upkeep . Following these donations , the Committee in charge of the Walk of Fame voted Roddenberry in . The star was unveiled on September 4 , 1985 , at the 6600 block , near to the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Las Palmas . The induction ceremony was attended by all of the main cast of Star Trek , as well as Roger C. Carmel , who portrayed Harry Mudd in The Original Series . Following Roddenberry 's death in 1991 , he was posthumously awarded the Robert A. Heinlein Memorial Award by the National Space Society and the The George Pal Memorial Award at the Saturn Awards . He was also awarded the Exceptional Public Service Medal by National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) .

neg: The Producers (1968 film) The Producers is a 1968 American satirical comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel , Gene Wilder , Dick Shawn , and Kenneth Mars . The film was Brooks 's directorial debut , and he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . Although the release date was officially 1968 , the premier took place in Pittsburgh on November 22 , 1967 .   Decades later , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list . It was later remade by Brooks as an acclaimed Broadway stage musical , which itself was adapted for a 2005 feature film starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick .

neg: Philip Levene Philip Levene ( 9 June 1926 -- 25 March 1973 ) was an English television writer , actor , and producer . He used to work at the morgue before becoming a writer . Levene wrote nineteen episodes of the 1960s British television series The Avengers and served as script consultant for the series in 1968 -- 69 . In 1967 and 1968 he created TV series Sanctuary and The First Lady .   He also contributed to British television series The Flying Doctor , The Invisible Man , Quatermass II and films The Firechasers and Deadly Strangers .

neg: Seriation (semiotics) The term seriation -LSB- mise en série -RSB- was proposed for use in semiotics by Jean Molino and derived from classical philology . Seriation `` invokes the idea that any investigator , in order to assign some plausible meaning to a given phenomenon , must interpret it within a series of comparable phenomena . '' One can not interpret what philology calls a hapax ; that is , an isolated phenomenon . Art historian Erwin Panofsky has explained the situation in very clear terms :  ` Whether we deal with historical or natural phenomena , the individual observation of phenomena assumes the character of a ` fact ' only when it can be related to other , analogous observations in such a way that the whole series ` makes sense . ' This ` sense ' is , therefore , fully capable of being applied , as a control , to the interpretation of a new individual observation within the same range of phenomena . If , however , this new individual observation definitely refuses to be interpreted according to the ` sense ' of the series , and if an error proves to be impossible , the ` sense ' of the series will have to be reformulated to include the new individual observation ' ( 1955 , p. 35 ) '' ( 1990 , p. 230-231 ) .   A seriation is determined by the plot .

neg: Planet of the Damned Planet of the Damned is a 1962 novel by American science fiction writer Harry Harrison . It was serialised in 1961 under the title Sense of Obligation and published under that name in 1967 . It was nominated for the Hugo Award .

neg: Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia .   As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages .   Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars .   Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species .   Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space .  The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms .   In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include :  Douglas Adams 's babel fish  The TARDIS from Doctor Who  The translator microbes in Farscape  The universal translator from Star Trek   In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo .   In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) .   Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two .   A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own .  Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand )  The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series  The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary )  For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film   The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value .  In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator .  In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly .  In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' .  In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders .  C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi .  Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' .  Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah .   Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity .  In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations .  In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages .  Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics .   Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy .  There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek .  In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot .  Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 .  In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect .  In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese .  In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols  Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .

neg: Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .

neg: Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road .   Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference .   He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman .   Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release .   His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works .   He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) .   His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC .   Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation .   His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .

neg: The Fear (The Twilight Zone) `` The Fear '' is the penultimate episode of the American television series The Twilight Zone . It is the last episode written by series creator/host Rod Serling .

neg: Early life and career of Gene Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Gene '' Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American television screenwriter , producer and futurist best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series . He was born in El Paso , Texas , but grew up in Los Angeles , California where his father worked as a police officer . While at school , the young Roddenberry majored in police science and became interested in aeronautical engineering .   He obtained a pilot 's license through the Civilian Pilot Training Program . Following his graduation , he signed up for the United States Army Air Corps and he enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor . He was commissioned on August 5 , 1942 , and was posted to the Pacific Theater of Operations where he joined the 394th Bomb Squadron , 5th Bombardment Group , of the Thirteenth Air Force . He flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in an estimated 89 combat missions . After being rotated back to the United States he was promoted to Captain and became an air crash investigator . During his military career , he was involved in two plane crashes and was awarded both the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross .   Once a civilian , he began to fly long-haul routes for Pan American World Airways . He was involved in a further crash in June 1947 , where the Clipper Eclipse crashed in the Syrian desert . After pulling injured passengers out of the burning plane , he led the party which sought help . After a further incident , he resigned from Pan-Am , seeking to write for television instead . However , he joined the Los Angeles Police Department , initially in the traffic division but transferred to the newspaper unit where he worked with Chief William H. Parker as a speech writer . He landed the role of technical adviser for a television version of Mr. District Attorney , which led to him writing scripts for the series under the pseudonym of `` Robert Wesley '' . This led to a series of collaborations with Ziv Television Programs , and he resigned from the police on June 7 , 1956 , in order to take up a writing position on the staff of The West Point Story .

neg: Legacy of Gene Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Gene '' Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American television screenwriter , producer and futurist best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series .

neg: The Wachowskis Lana Wachowski ( formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 ) and Lilly Wachowski ( formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 ) are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix ( 1999 ) , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions ( both in 2003 ) , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise .   Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta ( an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore ) , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 .   The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .

neg: Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 Fear and Loathing : On the Campaign Trail '72 is a collection of articles covering the 1972 presidential campaign written by Hunter S. Thompson and illustrated by Ralph Steadman . The articles were first serialized in Rolling Stone magazine throughout 1972 and later released as a book in early 1973 ( San Francisco , CA : Straight Arrow Books , 1973 ; London : Allison & Busby , 1973 ) .   The book focuses almost exclusively on the Democratic Party 's primaries and the breakdown of the party as it splits between the different candidates . Of particular focus is the manic maneuvering of the George McGovern campaign during the Miami convention as they sought to ensure the Democratic nomination despite attempts by the Hubert Humphrey campaign and other candidates to block McGovern .   Thompson began his coverage of the campaign in December 1971 , just as the race toward the primaries was beginning , from a rented apartment in Washington , DC ( a situation he compared to `` living in an armed camp , a condition of constant fear '' ) . Over the next 12 months , in voluminous detail , he covered every aspect of the campaign , from the smallest rally to the raucous conventions .   Because of the freewheeling nature of the campaign , a first-generation fax machine was procured at great expense by the magazine for Thompson . Dubbing it `` the mojo wire '' , Thompson used the new technology to extend the writing process precariously close to printing deadlines , often haphazardly sending in notes mere hours before the magazine went to press . Fellow writers and editors would have to assemble the finished product with Thompson over the phone .   Like his earlier novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas , Thompson employed a number of unique literary styles in On the Campaign Trail , including the use of vulgarity and the humorous exaggeration of events . Despite the unconventional style , the book is still considered a hallmark of campaign journalism and helped to launch Thompson 's role as a popular political observer .

neg: War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves . It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and the third installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series . The film stars Andy Serkis , Woody Harrelson , Steve Zahn , Amiah Miller , Karin Konoval and Terry Notary . Principal photography began on October 14 , 2015 , in Vancouver .   The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14 , 2017 .

neg: List of Planet of the Apes characters The Planet of the Apes franchise features many characters that appear in one or more works .

neg: Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system .   The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements .   Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .

neg: Joss Whedon Joss Whedon ( -LSB- ˈwiːdən -RSB- ) ( born Joseph Hill Whedon on June 23 , 1964 ) is an American screenwriter , film and television director , film and television producer , comic book author , and composer . He is the founder of Mutant Enemy Productions and co-founder of Bellwether Pictures , and is best known as the creator of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , Angel ( 1999 -- 2004 ) , Firefly ( 2002 ) , Dollhouse ( 2009 -- 10 ) and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( from 2013 ) .   Whedon co-wrote the Pixar film Toy Story ( 1995 ) , wrote and directed the Firefly film continuation Serenity ( 2005 ) , co-wrote and directed the Internet mini-series Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) , co-wrote and produced the horror comedy The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , and wrote and directed the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films The Avengers ( 2012 ) and its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) .


query: Meghan McCain presents and contributes to Fox News.

pos: Meghan McCain Meghan Marguerite McCain ( born October 23 , 1984 ) is an American columnist , author , Fox News host and contributor , and blogger .   She is the daughter of 2008 presidential nominee and long-time U.S. Senator John McCain and Cindy Hensley McCain . McCain first received media attention in 2007 for her blog , McCain Blogette , on which she documented life on the campaign trail and mused about fashion , music , and pop culture . In 2009 , she became a contributing author for The Daily Beast , and in 2011 , began appearing as a contributor on MSNBC . In 2013 , she began hosting on the start-up Pivot channel and in 2014 assumed the co-host role on Pivot 's TakePart Live until that show was canceled later in the year .   In July 2015 , McCain joined Premiere Networks as host of the nationally syndicated radio program America Now . McCain also signed on as a FOX News contributor in July 2015 , and was officially named a regular co-host of the afternoon talk program Outnumbered on November 14 , 2016 .

neg: Melissa Etheridge Melissa Lou Etheridge ( born May 29 , 1961 ) is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , and activist . Her self-titled debut album Melissa Etheridge was released in 1988 and became an underground success . The album peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard 200 , and its lead single , `` Bring Me Some Water '' , garnered Etheridge her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Vocal Performance , Female . In 1993 , Etheridge won her first Grammy award for her single `` Ai n't It Heavy '' from her third album , Never Enough . Later that year , she released what would become her mainstream breakthrough album , Yes I Am . Its tracks `` I 'm the Only One '' and `` Come to My Window '' both reached the top 30 in the United States , and the latter earned Etheridge her second Grammy award . Yes I Am peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard 200 , and spent 138 weeks on the chart , earning a RIAA certification of 6x Platinum , her largest to date .   In October 2004 , Etheridge was diagnosed with breast cancer , and underwent surgery and chemotherapy . At the 2005 Grammy Awards , she made a return to the stage and , although bald from chemotherapy , performed a tribute to Janis Joplin with the song `` Piece of My Heart '' . Etheridge 's performance was widely lauded , with India.Arie writing `` I Am Not My Hair '' about Etheridge . Later that year , Etheridge released her first compilation album , Greatest Hits : The Road Less Traveled . The album was a success , peaking at No. 14 on the Billboard 200 , and going Gold almost immediately . Her latest studio album is This Is M.E. .   Etheridge is known for her mixture of `` confessional lyrics , pop-based folk-rock , and raspy , smoky vocals . '' She has also been a gay and lesbian activist since her public coming out in January 1993 . She has received fifteen Grammy Award nominations throughout her career , winning two , in 1993 and 1995 , respectively . In 2007 , she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` I Need to Wake Up '' from the film An Inconvenient Truth . In September 2011 , Etheridge received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .

neg: ABC News ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company . Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ABC World News Tonight ; other programs include morning news-talk show Good Morning America , newsmagazine series Nightline , Primetime and 20/20 , and Sunday morning political affairs program This Week with George Stephanopolous .

neg: KMBZ (AM) KMBZ ( 980 kHz ; `` Talk 980 '' ) , is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Kansas City , Missouri . KMBZ is owned by Entercom Communications and it airs a talk radio format . Its studios and transmitter tower are in suburban Mission , Kansas , at separate locations .   After a local morning drive time news show , simulcast with co-owned 98.1 KMBZ-FM , KMBZ 's weekday schedule is made up of nationally syndicated talk programs including Rush Limbaugh , Glenn Beck , Sean Hannity , Tom Sullivan , Joe Pags , Laura Ingraham and Coast to Coast AM with George Noory . World and national news is supplied at the beginning of each hour by ABC News Radio . Weekend programming includes shows on money , health , computers and cooking . Some weekend hours are paid brokered programming . KMBZ 's sister station , KMBZ-FM , airs mostly local talk shows .   KMBZ operates at 5,000 watts around the clock . It uses a non-directional antenna by day ; at night , however , it broadcasts using a directional antenna to protect other stations on AM 980 from interference . On January 14 , 2015 , KMBZ was granted an FCC construction permit to move to the KCCV transmitter site and increase the daytime power to 9,000 watts . Its signal covers the Kansas City metropolitan area , including parts of Missouri and Kansas .

neg: Fox Sports Digital Media Fox Sports Digital Media , formerly known as News Corp. . Digital Media and Fox Interactive Media , is a subsidiary of Fox Entertainment Group which operates Fox Sports ' online properties in the United States .   When known as Fox Interactive Media , it was formed to oversee News Corporation 's new media acquisitions , including IGN , Myspace and Photobucket . However , the group would later divest most of its properties ; in 2006 , Demand Media , a company run by Richard Rosenblatt , former CEO of Intermix Media and chairman of Myspace , purchased back all of the non-MySpace assets Intermix had sold to News Corporation . In December 2009 , Fox sold Photobucket to the startup digital photography company Ontela . In October 2010 , the Fox Audience Network was sold to ad technology firm Rubicon Project .   Fox Interactive Media also operated the websites of Fox 's television stations . As part of a joint venture with LIN Media in 2008 , Fox Interactive Media also began offering the Digital Publishing Platform ( DPP ) , an enterprise content management system and hosting platform primarily intended for local station websites . The DPP products were later spun off as the independent company EndPlay , which Fox and LIN still hold equity interests in . Fox would begin outsourcing their television station websites to competing provider Worldnow in 2012 .   In June 2011 , Specific Media and pop singer Justin Timberlake bought Myspace for $ 35 million , which CNN reported noted was `` far less than the $ 580 million News Corp. paid for Myspace in 2005 . '' Murdoch went on to call the Myspace purchase a `` huge mistake '' . In February 2013 , IGN Entertainment was sold to Ziff Davis Media .   As its only remaining properties relate to Fox Sports , the company was renamed Fox Sports Digital Media in mid-2013 .

neg: Radio personality A radio personality ( American English ) or radio presenter ( British English ) , commonly referred to as a `` Disc Jockey '' or `` DJ '' for short , is a person who has an on-air position in radio broadcasting . A radio personality that hosts a radio show is also known as a radio host , and in India and Pakistan as a radio jockey . Radio personalities who introduce and play individual selections of recorded music are known as disc jockeys . The term has evolved to also describe a person who mixes a continuous flow of recorded music in real time . Broadcast radio personalities may include talk radio hosts , AM/FM radio show hosts , and satellite radio program hosts . Notable radio personalities include pop music radio hosts Martin Block , Alan Freed , Dick Clark , Delilah Luke , Wolfman Jack , and Casey Kasem , shock jocks such as Don Imus and Howard Stern , also Ameen Sayani of India , as well as sports talk hosts such as Mike Francesa and political talk hosts such as Rush Limbaugh .

neg: Phony soldiers controversy The phony soldiers controversy ensued when the media watchdog site Media Matters brought attention to the `` phony soldiers '' remark made by Rush Limbaugh during a conversation with a caller on his radio talk show . Critics claim that he was referring to Iraq war veterans critical of the war .  Limbaugh argued that the comment referred to persons falsely claiming to be such veterans .   In response to Limbaugh 's comments , United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid sent a letter to Mark P. Mays , CEO of Clear Channel Communications . The letter of complaint requested that Mays `` publicly repudiate these comments and ask Mr. Limbaugh to apologize '' for the remarks . The Reid letter was signed by 41 Democratic senators .  Limbaugh obtained the letter and sold it on eBay for $ 2,100,100 , the record for a charitable auction on that site . He promised to donate the funds to the Marine Corps-Law Enforcement Foundation with a matching donation of his own bringing the total to $ 4.2 million .

neg: Dagen McDowell Mary Dagen McDowell ( born January 7 , 1969 ) is an American anchor on the Fox Business Network and a business correspondent for the Fox News Channel . She is also a former business contributor on the Imus In The Morning radio show , and a regular guest on FNC 's Hannity .

neg: John McCain presidential campaign, 2000 The 2000 presidential campaign of John McCain , the United States Senator from Arizona , began in September 1999 . He announced his run for the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election .   McCain was the main challenger to Texas Governor George W. Bush , who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment . McCain staged an upset win in the February 2000 New Hampshire primary , capitalizing on a message of political reform and `` straight talk '' that appealed to moderate Republican and independent voters and to the press . McCain 's momentum was halted when Bush won the South Carolina primary later that month , in a contest that became famous for its bitter nature and an underground smear campaign run against McCain .   McCain won some subsequent primaries , but after the March 2000 Super Tuesday contests he was well behind in delegates and withdrew . He grudgingly endorsed Bush two months later and made occasional appearances for him during the general election .

neg: Beth Troutman Nancy Elizabeth `` Beth '' Troutman ( born January 9 , 1977 ) is an American television personality .   Troutman was the lead host of the # 1 new syndicated TV Show , RightThisMinute . In 2015 on air she disclosed because of wanting to spend more time with her ailing mother that she would be leaving the show . She is considered an industry expert on viral videos and on-line content and has appeared on numerous popular entertainment and news shows including The Today Show , Extra , Dr. Drew On Call , Headline News , Home and Family , and Good Day New York .   Troutman hosted the RightThisMinute pilot in 2010 and helped grow the show from 40 initial TV markets in 2011 to more than 190 television markets across the U.S. by 2014 . In February 2014 , RightThisMinute also began airing during primetime on HLN . In the summer of 2014 , FOX joined the Right This Minute team and began airing the show on their major-market stations in New York , Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas and many other cities across the U.S.   Troutman previously hosted the national morning show The Balancing Act on Lifetime Television . She began her on-camera career in 2005 as the host of WCCB-TV 's morning show Fox News Rising in Charlotte , NC . Troutman later became anchor at WCNC-TV in Charlotte in 2015 . She left this post in 2017 for charitable volunteer work .

neg: Laura Ingraham Laura Anne Ingraham ( born June 19 , 1963 ) is an American radio talk show host , author , and conservative political commentator . Her nationally syndicated talk show , The Laura Ingraham Show , airs throughout the United States on Courtside Entertainment . Ingraham is also the official guest host on Fox News Channel 's The O'Reilly Factor and a contributor on This Week on ABC . She is also the editor-in-chief of LifeZette .

neg: Dish Nation Dish Nation is a nightly syndicated television program that features celebrity news and humorous commentary on pop culture presented by radio personalities from across the United States . It debuted in July 2011 on Fox Television Stations .

neg: Happening Now Happening Now is a news program broadcast on the Fox News Channel weekdays at 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time .

neg: Robin Meade Robin Michelle Meade ( born April 21 , 1969 ) is the lead news anchor for HLN 's morning show Morning Express with Robin Meade . Meade is a former Miss Ohio and began her broadcasting career with local stations in that state . She joined HLN in 2001 . She has won a regional Emmy Award . Meade released a country music album in 2011 and a second one in 2013 .

neg: Brian Wilson (news correspondent) Brian Glenn Wilson ( born February 15 , 1956 ) is an American former anchor reporter for the Fox News Channel . He is the past chairman of the Capitol Hill Radio/TV Correspondents ' Association . Until May 2017 , he was the co-host of a popular morning drive time radio show on WMAL and WMAL-FM in the Washington , D.C. area .   Wilson most recently hosted a Washington D.C. based weekend program on Fox News Channel , and was once a substitute anchor for Brit Hume on the weekday program Special Report with Brit Hume . From 2003 to 2006 , he was also the congressional correspondent for the network . In January 2007 , he was promoted to the Washington bureau chief for Fox News .   In mid September , 2010 , Wilson resigned from the network .   Launching Right Tone Communications in 2010 , Brian currently offers advice on communication to corporations and individuals .   During his career at Fox News , Brian was the first to report on Justice Sandra Day O'Connor 's retirement from the U.S. Supreme Court , and has covered the Monica Lewinsky scandal , the Tom DeLay ethics investigations , the Democratic National Convention , and the Republican National Convention .   Wilson holds a Master 's degree , with honors , in print journalism from the American University , in addition to having served as an adjunct professor in AU 's School of Communications .   Prior to working at Fox News , Wilson was a reporter and anchor on the Fox O&O WTTG in Washington , D.C. . Earlier in his career , Wilson was a reporter at KFDA , the CBS affiliate station in Amarillo , Texas .   In July 2016 , newspapers reported Wilson had allegedly sexually harassed Fox News reporter Rudi Bakhtiar in 2006 , before his promotion to the Washington bureau chief in 2007 . In those reports , Wilson denies harassing Bakhtiar .

neg: The Rachel Maddow Show The Rachel Maddow Show ( also abbreviated TRMS ) is a daily news and opinion television program that airs on MSNBC , running in the 9:00 pm ET timeslot Monday through Friday . It is hosted by Rachel Maddow , who gained popularity with her frequent appearances as a liberal pundit on various MSNBC programs . It is based on her former radio show of the same name . The show debuted on September 8 , 2008 .   Each broadcast is repeated three hours later , at 12:00 am ET ; in addition , the Friday broadcast is repeated at 7:00 pm ET on Saturday .

neg: Mike Gallagher (political commentator) Mike Gallagher is an American radio host and conservative political commentator . He is the host of The Mike Gallagher Show , a nationally syndicated radio program that airs throughout the United States on Salem Radio Network and is also a FOX News Channel Contributor and guest host . According to Talkers magazine , Gallagher is the sixth most-listened-to radio talk show host in the United States .

neg: List of programs broadcast by Fox News Fox News presents a variety of programming with up to 17 hours of live programming per day . Most of the programs are broadcast from Fox News headquarters in New York City in their street-side studio on Sixth Avenue in the west extension of Rockefeller Center . The network 's other programs are broadcast from Fox News 's studio in Washington , D.C. , located on Capitol Hill across from Union Station , as well as in the FOX News Texas Studios in Las Colinas , Irving , Texas . Audio simulcasts of the channel are aired on XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio . Fox News also hosts a website with a number of political columnists and weblogs .

neg: CBS Evening News The CBS Evening News is the flagship evening television news program of CBS News , the news division of the CBS television network in the United States . The program has been broadcast since May 3 , 1948 under the original title CBS Television News , eventually adopting its current title in 1963 . From June 6 , 2011 to May 30 , 2017 , the weekday editions of the program were anchored by Scott Pelley . As of May 31 , 2017 , the program is anchored by Anthony Mason on an interim basis . Previous anchors have included Douglas Edwards , Walter Cronkite , Dan Rather , Connie Chung , Bob Schieffer , and Katie Couric .   Weekend editions of the CBS Evening News weekends began in February 1966 . On May 2 , 2016 , CBS announced that the weekend editions would be rebranded , effective May 7 , as the CBS Weekend News , whose Saturday and Sunday editions are anchored by Reena Ninan and Elaine Quijano respectively . The weekend editions draw from the resources of CBSN , the digital news channel where Ninan and Quijano also serve as anchors .   The CBS Evening News airs live at 6:30 pm in the Eastern and 5:30 pm in the Central Time Zones , and are tape delayed for the Mountain Time Zone . A separate `` Western Edition '' , featuring updated segments to provide coverage of breaking news stories , airs pre-recorded at 5:30 pm in the Pacific Time Zone and on tape delay in the Alaska and Hawaii -- Aleutian Time Zones .

neg: Brian Jones (political consultant) Brian Jones is a Republican political and communications strategist in the United States . Jones most recently served as a senior communications adviser to John McCain 's 2008 presidential campaign and is currently a managing director at Mercury Public Affairs .

neg: Straight Talk America Straight Talk America is a political action committee and intercampaign outreach vehicle created by Sen. John McCain . Originally formed during McCain 's 2000 bid for the Republican presidential nomination , it was revived again in 2005 , and then retired in 2007 as he announced his formal bid for the presidency in 2008 .