query: Daniel Craig was born in 1991.

pos: Daniel Craig Daniel Wroughton Craig ( born 2 March 1968 ) is an English actor . He trained at the National Youth Theatre and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1991 , before beginning his career on stage . His film debut was in the drama The Power of One ( 1992 ) . Other early appearances were in the Disney family film A Kid in King Arthur 's Court ( 1995 ) and the biographical film Elizabeth ( 1998 ) , as well as in the historical war drama television series Sharpe 's Eagle ( 1993 ) and the action-adventure drama series Zorro . Cast as the fictional British secret agent James Bond in October 2005 , his first film in the role , Casino Royale , was released internationally in November 2006 .   Craig 's appearances in the British television film Love Is the Devil : Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon ( 1998 ) , the indie war film The Trench ( 1999 ) , and the drama Some Voices ( 2000 ) attracted the film industry 's attention . This led to roles in bigger productions such as the action film Lara Croft : Tomb Raider ( 2001 ) , the crime thriller Road to Perdition ( 2002 ) , the crime thriller Layer Cake ( 2004 ) , and the Steven Spielberg historical drama Munich ( 2005 ) . Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the sixth actor to play the role of Ian Fleming 's James Bond in the official film series , taking over from Pierce Brosnan in 2005 . Although his casting was initially greeted with scepticism , his debut was highly acclaimed and earned him a BAFTA award nomination , with Casino Royale becoming the highest-grossing in the series at the time . Quantum of Solace followed two years later .   Craig 's third Bond film , Skyfall , premiered in 2012 and is currently the highest-grossing film in the series , was the highest-grossing film in the UK until 2015 and the fifteenth highest-grossing film of all time . Craig 's fourth Bond film , Spectre , premiered in 2015 . In 2006 , he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Since taking the role of Bond , he has continued to star in other films , including the World War II film Defiance ( 2008 ) , science fiction Western Cowboys & Aliens ( 2010 ) , and the English-language adaptation of Stieg Larsson 's mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . Craig also made a guest appearance as Bond in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games , alongside Queen Elizabeth II . As of 20 February 2017 , Craig is the second longest serving James Bond , surpassed only by Roger Moore .

neg: Craig Campbell (album) Craig Campbell is the self-titled debut album of American country music artist Craig Campbell . It features his debut single , `` Family Man '' . The album was released on April 5 , 2011 via Bigger Picture Music Group . As of the chart dated May 7 , 2011 , the album has sold 15,256 copies in the US . The album 's second single , `` Fish , '' was released to country radio on June 6 , 2011 .

neg: Dexter Roberts Dexter Roberts ( born July 12 , 1991 ) is an American singer from Fayette , Alabama , who was a finalist on the thirteenth season of American Idol , finishing in seventh place .

neg: Daniel Ryan (actor) Daniel Ryan ( born 1968 as Daniel O'Brien ) is an English actor and writer .   He is known for starring as Darren Alexander in the BBC drama comedy Linda Green , Andrew Gilligan in The Government Inspector , Andy Coulson in Steel River Blues and Kenny Reed in The Whistleblowers . His stage credits include Macbeth , A Midsummer Night 's Dream and Richard III .   He also appeared as a man who was severely brain-damaged after drink and driving , in part of the COI 's Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives campaign .   In 2008 he appeared in Gethsemane , a new play by David Hare at the National Theatre .   He also took over the role of Harry ( Sandy 's husband ) in the special reunion episodes of BBC sitcom As Time Goes By alongside Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer , the first actor to portray the part being David Michaels . Ryan also appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode `` Midnight '' .   In 2010 he was very well received for his performance in Posh by Laura Wade at the Royal Court Theatre in London .   As a writer , his work has been performed by the RSC and at the Edinburgh Festival .   He appeared on the Teen Drama Skins as the father of the third generation character Rich Hardbeck in 2011 and 2012 . In 2014 , he appeared in Salting the Battlefield as Bill Catcheside .   He is also known for playing the role of Dan in the Sky Living comedy-drama , Mount Pleasant since 2011 .   In 2015 he appeared as Colonel Anthony Forbes-Leith in the BBC TV series Father Brown episode 3.9 `` The Truth in the Wine '' .   He has played Welsh butcher Bryn Brindsley in the ITV war-time drama Home Fires from 2015 .

neg: Craigie Horsfield Craigie Horsfield ( born 1949 in Cambridge ) is an English artist . In 1996 he was nominated for the annual Turner Prize .   Horsfield described his work ( photographs of the environments and people around him ) as , `` intimate in scale but its ambition is , uncomfortable as I find it , towards an epic dimension , to describe the history of our century , and the centuries beyond , the seething extent of the human condition . ''  He often prints the photographs many years after they were first taken , bringing into contrast memory and the present reality .   His work was shown in Documenta XI , Kassel in 2002 and the Whitney Biennial in 2003 .   He lives and works in London and New York .

neg: Alec Craig Alexander Younger Craig `` Alec '' Craig ( 30 March 1884 -- 25 June 1945 ) , was a Scottish character actor , particularly known for his roles in Mutiny on the Bounty ( 1935 ) and National Velvet ( 1944 ) . He was particularly known for portraying stereotypically tight-fisted Scotsmen .   Alec Craig was born on 30 March 1884 in Dunfermline , Fife , Scotland , the son of James Chapman Craig and his wife Isabella .   Craig died of tuberculosis on 25 June 1945 , aged 61 , in Glendale , California , US . He is buried there at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery .

neg: Daniel Menzel Daniel Menzel ( born 13 September 1991 ) is a professional Australian rules footballer , currently playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League ( AFL ) .

neg: Craig McConnell Craig ( Robert ) McConnell ( born 1978 ) is a Canadian music producer , film and television composer , and songwriter . His ten feature films have received theatrical distribution in over 50 countries . His music is also featured in more than 4000 episodes of television broadcasting in over 25 countries worldwide .   His film scoring credits include Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy ( from the author of Trainspotting ) , Textuality ( starring Jason Lewis ) , Animal 2 ( starring Ving Rhames ) and 5ive Girls ( starring Ron Perlman ) . For television , he has composed for international TV series such as Word Girl ( PBS ) , Wedding SOS ( Slice ) and Property Virgins ( HGTV ) . Along with partner Justin Forsley , he recently wrote the theme song and underscore for the sitcom Life With Boys , from the creators of Hannah Montana .   In 2012 , he was nominated for `` Best Music '' at the 2012 British Independent Film Festival ( BIFF ) Awards for his work on Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy .   Craig is an award-winning songwriter and producer ( Winner , USA Songwriting Competition , Best R&B ) with credits in North America , Asia and Europe across many musical genres . Recent artists include Keshia Chante ( Tanjola/Universal ) , Raghav ( Fontana ) , Crystal Kay ( Epic/Sony ) , Chemistry ( DefStar/Sony ) and Juno-winner Divine Brown .   McConnell holds a B.A.Sc from the University of Toronto ( Engineering Science ) and currently sits on the Board of Directors of the Screen Composers Guild of Canada . He is also the President of the production music company hard Music Design .

neg: Daniel Freire Daniel Freire ( born 29 December 1961 in Buenos Aires ) is an Argentine film actor .   He entered film in 1993 in Un Muro de silencio and has appeared in over 15 films including Las Aventuras de Dios 2000 in which he portrayed Jesus Christ and Arizona Sur in 2004 .   In 2005 he appeared in 27 episodes of the Spanish TV series Motivos personales .   He has lived in Spain since 1999 .

neg: Daniel Hood Daniel Hood is an American writer of fantasy novels .   He was born in Pelham , a small town just north of the Bronx . He wrote his first book in 1991 , which was published in 1994 .

neg: Daniel Gross Daniel Gross ( born August 4 , 1967 ) is an American journalist and author . Since July 2012 he has been editor of global finance for Daily Beast/Newsweek . He was formerly Senior Editor at Newsweek , and between 2010 and 2012 was employed at Yahoo! Finance . A native of East Lansing , Michigan , Gross graduated from East Lansing High School ( 1985 ) and Cornell University ( B.A. , 1989 ) , and holds an A.M. ( 1991 ) in American history from Harvard University .

neg: Daniel Kitson Daniel Kitson ( born 2 July 1977 ) is an English comedian .

neg: Daniel Zovatto Daniel Zovatto ( born June 28 , 1991 ) is a Costa Rican film and television actor . Since 2012 , he has starred in films of the horror genre , Beneath ( 2013 ) , It Follows ( 2014 ) , and Do n't Breathe ( 2016 ) , as well as the romantic comedy Laggies ( 2014 ) . Zovatto made his television debut in 2014 , guest starring in an episode of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. . He has since held recurring roles as Gideon LeMarchal in Revenge ( 2014 ) , and Jack in Fear the Walking Dead ( 2016 ) .

neg: Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures .   The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre .   Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey .   Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .

neg: Craig Berkey Craig Berkey ( June 18 , 1962 ) is a Canadian sound engineer . He has been nominated for three Academy Awards . He has worked on over 80 films since 1990 .

neg: Craig Winn Craig Winn is an anti-Islamic American author and former businessman . He has self-published five books , including several on terrorism and Islam . His longest book is called Yada Yahweh .   After the events of September 11 , Winn began a research project with colleague Ken Power to `` uncover the roots of terrorism '' . September 11, 2001 attacks They visited 120 countries and interviewed members of al-Qaeda , Hamas , Islamic Jihad , Fatah , Al-Aqsa Martyrs ' Brigades , Force 17 , the Palestinian Authority , the Knesset , IDF , and US generals , as well as Israeli secret service agents in the Mossad and Shin Bet . The two published their findings in the novel Tea With Terrorists .   Winn has made numerous appearances in the media around the United States , including 1500 radio interviews by his own count . Some of the shows are made available on his website . Winn has been interviewed by Business Week.BW Talk : The Spy Who Came In From ...   Prior to becoming an author , Winn was a businessman who founded the now defunct ValueAmerica.com .   In 2010 Winn repudiated the letters of St Paul , in his online book Questioning Paul .

neg: Stuart Craig Norman Stuart Craig ( born 14 April 1942 ) is a noted British production designer .   He has also designed the sets , together with his frequent collaborator set decorator , the late Stephenie McMillan , on all of the Harry Potter films to date . At Potter author J. K. Rowling 's request , he worked with Universal Creative team to design the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal 's Islands of Adventure theme park . Rowling said in a December 2007 interview on the Potter podcast PotterCast , `` The key thing for me was that , if there was to be a theme park , that Stuart Craig ... would be involved . ... More than involved , that he would pretty much design it . Because I love the look of the films ; they really mirror what 's been in my imagination for all these years '' .   He has been nominated for 10 Academy Awards , and has won three : in 1982 for Gandhi , in 1988 for Dangerous Liaisons , and in 1996 for The English Patient . He has been nominated for a BAFTA award fourteen times , including for first six and last Potter film , and has won twice : in 1980 for The Elephant Man and in 2005 for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire .   Stuart Craig has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for consecutive six films in a row , viz . for consecutive first six Harry Potter films .   For his work on The English Patient , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix , Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince , and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 and Part 2 , Craig was nominated for an Art Directors Guild award and won the same for The English Patient and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 . The Guild has also honored Craig with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the awards ceremony on 16 February 2008 .

neg: Craig Mullaney Craig M. Mullaney is a United States Army veteran and author of The Unforgiving Minute : A Soldier 's Education ( Penguin Press ) .   He was Senior Vice President of Content , Strategy and Operations at Ustream from 2011-13 . He also served as Senior Policy Advisor working for the United States Agency for International Development . He currently works on Strategic Partner Development at Facebook .

neg: Daniel Curtis Lee Daniel Curtis Lee ( born May 17 , 1991 ) is an American actor , comedian , and rapper . He is best known for playing Simon `` Cookie '' Nelson-Cook on the Nickelodeon series Ned 's Declassified School Survival Guide and Kornelius `` Kojo '' Jonesworth on the Disney XD sitcom Zeke & Luther . He has also appeared in other television shows , such as First Monday and The Shield , and films such as Friday After Next .

neg: Jon Craig Jon Craig ( born 9 August 1957 ) is the Chief Political Correspondent of Sky News , the 24-hour television news service operated by Sky Television , part of British Sky Broadcasting . He has occupied this position since July 2006 . He is a former Political Editor of two national newspapers , the Daily Express and the Sunday Express , and of BBC London , and was a lobby correspondent at Westminster for more than 30 years .

neg: Craig (given name) Craig is an English-language masculine given name of an ultimately Celtic derivation . The name has two origins . In some cases it can originate from a nickname , derived from the Scottish Gaelic word creag , meaning `` rock , '' similar to Peter . In other cases , the given name originates from the Scottish surname Craig , which is also derived from the same Scottish Gaelic word . Cognate forms of creag include the Irish creig , Manx creg , and Welsh craig . The English word `` crag '' also shares an origin with these Celtic words . The given name Craig is popular in Scotland , and is used throughout the English speaking world , though in North America it is often pronounced with a short vowel sound , as in `` egg , '' while the British pronunciation sounds like the diphthong in `` brain . ''


query: Sunrise is a studio.

pos: Sunrise (company) is a Japanese animation studio and production enterprise . It is a subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Its former name was Nippon Sunrise , and prior to that , Sunrise Studios . Its headquarters is located in Suginami , Tokyo .   Among Japan 's largest and most famous studios , Sunrise is renowned for several critically lauded and popular original anime series , such as Gundam , Cowboy Bebop , Space Runaway Ideon , Armored Trooper Votoms , Yoroiden Samurai Troopers , Future GPX Cyber Formula , Crush Gear Turbo , The Vision of Escaflowne , Love Live School Idol Project , Witch Hunter Robin , My-HiME , My-Otome , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion , Tiger & Bunny , Cross Ange : Rondo of Angel and Dragon , as well as its numerous adaptations of acclaimed light novels including Dirty Pair , Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere and Accel World , and manga such as City Hunter , InuYasha , Outlaw Star , Yakitate !! Japan , Planetes , Keroro Gunso , Gin Tama , Kekkaishi and several others .   Many of Sunrise 's original anime include similar themes , including mecha and masked identities accompanied with fluid animation . Because of the fluidity and high degree of details on much of their works , fans refer to their animation works as `` Sunrise Smooth '' .   Most of their works are mostly original titles created in-house by their creative staffs that went into a collective pseudonym called Hajime Yatate . They also previously operated a now defunct video game studio of their own named Sunrise Interactive . Sunrise also launched their own light novel publication titled Yatate Bunko Imprint on September 30 , 2016 aimed to publish new original titles and also to supplemment their already existing franchises with new materials .   Anime created by Sunrise that have won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize are Mobile Suit Gundam in 1979 and the first half of 1980 , Space Runaway Ideon in the second half of 1980 , Crusher Joe ( co-production with Studio Nue ) in 1983 , Dirty Pair in 1985 , Future GPX Cyber Formula in 1991 , Gundam SEED in 2002 , Gundam SEED Destiny in 2004 and 2005 , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion in 2006 and 2007 and Code Geass R2 in 2008 , thus making Sunrise as the studio that won the most number of Animage Awards .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Sony α Sony α ( the lower case to Greek letter alpha , often transliterated as Sony Alpha ) , is a camera system introduced on 5 June 2006 . It uses and expands upon Konica Minolta camera technologies , including the Minolta AF SLR lens mount , whose assets were acquired by Sony after the end of Konica Minolta 's photography operations in early 2006 . Sony also has an 11.08 % ownership stake in Japanese lens manufacturer Tamron , which is known to have partnered with Konica Minolta and Sony in the design and manufacture of many zoom lenses .   Prior to the acquisition by Sony , the α branding had already been used on the Japanese market by Minolta for their AF camera system ( marketed as `` Dynax '' in Europe , and `` Maxxum '' in North America ) . Sony adopted the name `` A-mount system '' for the Minolta AF lens mount , which has been retained in their new SLR range .   Sony 's entry into the DSLR market dates back to July 2005 where a joint venture with Konica Minolta would have resulted in both companies marketing an updated line of DSLRs to the masses . Between 2006 and 2008 Sony was the fastest growing company on the DSLR market , reaching 13 % market share in 2008 to become the third largest DSLR company in the world .   In May 2010 , Sony introduced two α NEX mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras equipped with the new proprietary Sony E-mount .  A-mount lenses can be used in E-mount cameras with an adapter - four different adapters are available from Sony alone .   Sony announced plans to introduce a special camera service programme for professional photographers since the launch of the α900 in 2008 . Sony Imaging PRO Support ( a.k.a. SPS ) was finally established starting between 2013 and 2015 depending on country .

neg: Metalworks Studios Metalworks Studios is a music recording studio in Mississauga , Ontario ( Greater Toronto Area ) , Canada . It was established in 1978 by Gil Moore of the Canadian rock group Triumph ( Inductee of the Mississauga Music Walk of Fame ) . Over a span of more than 30 years , Metalworks has become one of Canada 's best recording studios and is the 17 time recipient of Canadian Music Week 's ` Studio of the Year ' . Since 1978 Metalworks Studios , has expanded into a six studio facility offering in-house tracking , mixing and mastering , as well as video editing and DVD authoring .   In 2004 , Metalworks Studios launched an adjacent educational facility ; Metalworks Institute .   Metalworks Studios offers a classic Neve and multiple SSL consoles with an assortment of vintage analogue and digital outboard gear for tracking , overdubs and/or mixing . Combined with a knowledgeable staff of engineers and sonically treated rooms , Metalworks has been key in providing Multi-Platinum award-winning music that spans a wide array of artists and genre .   Metalworks Studios has won 17 ` Studio of the Year ' awards at Canadian Music Week from 1998-2015 .

neg: Sawgrass Mills Sawgrass Mills is a shopping mall operated by the Simon Property Group , in Sunrise , Florida , a city in Broward County . With 2383906 sqft of retail selling space , it is the eleventh largest mall in the United States , the largest single story mall in the U.S. , and the second largest mall in Florida . The mall opened in 1990 as the third mall developed by the now-defunct Mills Corporation ( now part of Simon Property Group ) , and has been expanded four times since then , most recently in 2013 . There are over 300 retail outlets and name brand discounters , with anchors including Off 5th Saks Fifth Avenue , and Super Target .   Because of its size , Sawgrass Mills is divided into three parts : the main mall with four main `` Avenue '' sections and a `` Fashion Avenue '' subsection ; `` The Oasis at Sawgrass Mills '' , an outdoor component opened in 1999 including GameWorks which is now GameRoom , Regal Cinemas , Ron Jon Surf Shop , Nordstrom Rack and `` The Colonnade Outlets at Sawgrass Mills '' was opened in 2006 as an upscale lifestyle area with shops and restaurants , anchored by Last Call By Neiman Marcus . Additionally , there are numerous `` outparcel '' stores and plazas .

neg: Sunrise Radio (Yorkshire) Sunrise Radio Yorkshire is an Asian radio station in Bradford , West Yorkshire , in the United Kingdom .

neg: Vegas Movie Studio Vegas Movie Studio ( previously Sony Vegas Movie Studio ) is a consumer-based nonlinear video editing software designed for the PC . It is a scaled-down version of Vegas Pro . Movie Studio was formerly called `` Sonic Foundry VideoFactory '' and then `` Sony Screenblast Movie Studio , '' . As of version 13 , Vegas Movie studio is now part of Magix GmbH after Sony had officially announced it had sold most of its creative software suit to the German based company . On February 14 , 2017 , Magix announced a brand new version of Vegas movie studio , Vegas movie studio 14.0 , which is the first stable release of Vegas movie studio since 2014 and Magix first stable release since its acquisition from Sony .

neg: Sunrise Mountain (Nevada) Sunrise Mountain is located east of Las Vegas in Clark County , Nevada .   Even though Sunrise Mountain is over 3.3 mi NNW of higher peak Frenchman Mountain many people in the Las Vegas Valley refer to Frenchman Mountain as Sunrise Mountain since the sun rises from behind it . This confusion dates back many years and the National Geodetic Survey bench mark placed in 1947 on the summit of Frenchman Mountain is designated `` Sunrise '' . During World War II the U.S. Army maintained an airway beacon on the summit and as of 2007 , remains of the tower could still be found .

neg: Sunrise Records (retailer) Sunrise Records is an Ancaster , Ontario-based record store chain . Currently owned by Douglas Putman ( whose family also runs Everest Toys ) , it operates nine locations in the province of Ontario . In February 2017 , the chain announced a major expansion under which it will purchase leases for 70 locations occupied by the bankrupt HMV Canada .

neg: The Complete Studio Recordings (Led Zeppelin album) The Complete Studio Recordings is a ten compact disc box set by the English rock group Led Zeppelin , released by Atlantic Records on 24 September 1993 . It contains all nine of the original Led Zeppelin studio albums digitally remastered , and an expanded version of Coda . The albums are placed in chronological order with the exception of Presence which appears between Houses of the Holy and Physical Graffiti . The intention was to have the latter in one two-disc-sleeve .   The set 's version of Coda included some of the previously unreleased tracks that had surfaced on the box set series : `` Baby Come On Home '' , `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' , `` White Summer/Black Mountain Side '' , and `` Hey , Hey , What Can I Do '' . In 2007 , when the Led Zeppelin catalog was released to digital stores , the expanded track list for Coda was used , but omitted `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' because of its inclusion with BBC Sessions .   The set also includes a booklet featuring an extended essay by rock journalist Cameron Crowe and photos of the band .   The album cover depicts the inside structure of a zeppelin .   This title has been discontinued just prior to the launch of Mothership , and is now superseded by the Definitive Collection Mini LP Replica CD Boxset , which was released in September 2008 .

neg: Sunrise Avenue discography The following is the discography of Sunrise Avenue , a Finnish rock band originally formed in 1992 as `` Sunrise '' . The band changed its name to `` Sunrise Avenue '' in 2001 .

neg: Animation stand An animation stand is a device assembled for the filming of any kind of animation that is placed on a flat surface , including cel animation , graphic animation , clay animation , and silhouette animation .   Traditionally , the flat surface that the animation rests on is some kind of table that the animator sits at . Pegs made specifically for animation are embedded into the table , in at least two slots allowing the pegs to slide from side to side , permitting horizontal movement of images , but can also be easily fixed into position for the accurate positioning ( `` registration '' ) of the artwork .   Opposite the animator is a series of supporting arms and supports , on top of which is mounted a film or video camera , pointing down toward the artwork , which films the artwork , frame-by-frame , as it is slowly moved and changed by the operator .   The vertical positioning of the animation camera , always shooting down , is the main component that defines an animation stand , as opposed to a stop motion set-up , or other equipment arrangements for animation production .   Animation stands can be homemade , from metal or wood , such as that owned by Los Angeles animator Mike Jittlov , and still accomplish impressive animation production ; or they can be elaborate ( and expensive ) professionally made precision systems that allow for the computerised movements of both the art and the camera , as has been traditionally used by professional animation studios and special effects facilities such as the Walt Disney studio ( famous for their Multiplane camera ) and George Lucas 's Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) facilities .

neg: Blueprint for a Sunrise Blueprint for a Sunrise is a concept album of experimental feminist rock by Yoko Ono . It features live tracks , samples and remixes of previous recordings , and a sequel . The recurring theme throughout is the suffering of women . In the liner notes , Ono talks about the continuing relevance of feminism and `` waking up in the middle of the night hearing thousands of women screaming '' . It did not chart but was critically acclaimed and became an underground hit . The album has sold around 3,000 copies in the USA .

neg: Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s .   Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records .   In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman .   In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr .   In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .

neg: Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers .   Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection .   In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate .   The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) .   One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk .   The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .

neg: Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California .   Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles .   During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full .   Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's .   In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios .   In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time .   In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is :  Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts .  Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights .  One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits .   In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .

neg: A-1 Pictures A-1 Pictures Inc. is a Japanese animation studio founded by ex-Sunrise producer Mikihiro Iwata , a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment ( Japan ) 's anime production firm Aniplex .

neg: Old Warner Brothers Studio The Old Warner Brothers Studio , officially called today Sunset Bronson Studios ( formerly known as KTLA Studios and Tribune Studios ) , is a motion picture , radio and television production facility located on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood , California . The studio was the site where the first talking feature film , The Jazz Singer was filmed in 1927 .   Originally built in 1919 , the main building fronting Sunset Boulevard was the site of a bowling alley during the 1940s and 50s . In the mid 1950s , the studio lot was divided in two , between KTLA television and Paramount Pictures . In 1963 , the entire lot was taken over by new owner Gene Autry ( as KTLA Studios ) and became the home of KTLA Television : Golden West Broadcasters . In 1984 , the lot was purchased by Tribune Company ( as Tribune Studios ) , before finally coming under the ownership of Hudson Capital as Sunset Bronson Studios .   Due to its role in the history of the motion picture business , the site was designated as a Historic Cultural Landmark in LAHCM 1977 . The distinctive Executive Office Building , part of Warner Brothers original studio lot , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 .

neg: Morning Phase Morning Phase is the ninth official studio album and twelfth overall by American singer Beck . The album was released in February 2014 by his new label , Capitol Records . According to a press release , Morning Phase is a `` companion piece '' to Beck 's 2002 album Sea Change . Several of the musicians who recorded parts for Sea Change returned to record for Morning Phase .   Upon release the album received critical acclaim and was nominated for five awards at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards , winning three : Album of the Year , Best Engineered Album , Non-Classical and Best Rock Album . Along with winning the award , Chris Martin collaborated with Beck to sing `` Heart Is a Drum '' at the Grammys .   The roots of the album are similar to Sea Change , as well as 1993 's Golden Feelings and 1994 's One Foot in the Grave . Most of the critics noted the change in sound from several previous recordings , and the genre being the same as Sea Change .

neg: Red Studio Red Studio may refer to :   The Red Studio or L'Atelier Rouge , a painting by Henri Matisse from 1911  Red 5 Studios , a computer game  RED STUDIO , a game project of CD Projekt  Red Studio , a motion picture studio in Hollywood .

neg: Cue Recording Studios Cue Recording was one of the first 24-track analog recording studios in the Washington , DC area .   The DC music scene from the 1970s through today enjoys a professional level of quality that many such studios offer locally . Technology at Cue and other studios has evolved from vintage tape equipment to modern digital recording systems such as Pro Tools . Throughout its 30 years producing recordings for bands , solo artists , politicians , and cable documentaries , it has seen advancements in recording technology and a degradation in industry sound requirements such as the advent of compressed digital files , i.e. mpegs , CDs , etc. .   Founded by Jeff Jeffrey in 1982 , Cue began recording bands and commercial narrations in a basement studio located in Falls Church , VA. . In 1987 , Jeffrey leased 3500 square feet of space in a commercial building where the next phase Cue began . Today , this building still continues to be Cue 's home with the expansion to 5500 square feet , housing six of its studios .   Cue has achieved many accomplishments since its inception . It has been awarded 10 gold and platinum awards for tracking and mixing major label recordings , received three Wammies for Best Studio in the DC area , an Innovative Technology award from Falls Church City , a mid Atlantic Best Studio award from Music Monthly Magazine , and contributed to several Grammy awarded recordings .   Cue created its sister enterprise in 2001 , Cue Studios Center for Audio Engineering . A Virginia state certified postsecondary school , `` CSCAE '' offers `` one on one '' and group audio engineering training to its students .


query: The Chernobyl disaster caused 2 deaths within the complex.

pos: Chernobyl disaster The Chernobyl disaster , also referred to as the Chernobyl accident , was a catastrophic nuclear accident . It occurred on 26 April 1986 in the No. 4 light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near Pripyat , in what was then part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) .   During a late night safety test which simulated a station blackout power-failure and in which safety systems were deliberately turned off , a combination of inherent reactor design flaws , together with the reactor operators arranging the core in a manner contrary to the checklist for the test , eventually resulted in uncontrolled reaction conditions that flashed water into steam generating a destructive steam explosion and a subsequent open-air graphite fire.Although most reports on the Chernobyl accident refer to a number of graphite fires , it is highly unlikely that the graphite itself burned . According to the General Atomics website < http://gt-mhr.ga.com/safety.php > : `` It is often incorrectly assumed that the combustion behavior of graphite is similar to that of charcoal and coal . Numerous tests and calculations have shown that it is virtually impossible to burn high-purity , nuclear-grade graphites . '' On Chernobyl , the same source states : `` Graphite played little or no role in the progression or consequences of the accident . The red glow observed during the Chernobyl accident was the expected color of luminescence for graphite at 700 ° C and not a large-scale graphite fire , as some have incorrectly assumed . '' Similarly , nuclear physicist Yevgeny Velikhov , < http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4918742.stm > noted some 2 weeks after the accident that `` Until now the possibility of a catastrophe really did exist : A great quantity of fuel and graphite of the reactor was in an incandescent state '' That is , all the nuclear-decay heat that was generated inside the uranium fuel ( heat which would normally be extracted by back-up coolant pumps , in an undamaged reactor ) was instead responsible for making the fuel itself and any graphite in contact with it , to glow red-hot . This is contrary to the oft cited interpretation , which is that the graphite was red-hot chiefly because it was chemically oxidizing with the air . This fire produced considerable updrafts for about 9 days , that lofted plumes of fission products into the atmosphere , with the estimated radioactive inventory that was released during this very hot fire phase , approximately equal in magnitude to the airborne fission products released in the initial destructive explosion . Practically all of this radioactive material would then go on to fall-out/precipitate onto much of the surface of the western USSR and Europe .   The Chernobyl accident dominates the Energy accidents sub-category , of most disastrous nuclear power plant accident in history , both in terms of cost and casualties . It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents classified as a level 7 event ( the maximum classification ) on the International Nuclear Event Scale , the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011 . The struggle to safeguard against scenarios which were , at many times falsely , perceived as having the potential for greater catastrophe and the later decontamination efforts of the surroundings , ultimately involved over 500,000 workers and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles . During the accident , blast effects caused 2 deaths within the facility and later 29 firemen and employees died in the days-to-months afterward from acute radiation syndrome , with the potential for long-term cancers still being investigated .   The remains of the No. 4 reactor building were enclosed in a large sarcophagus ( radiation shield ) by December 1986 , at a time when what was left of the reactor was entering the cold shut-down phase ; the enclosure was built quickly as occupational safety for the crews of the other undamaged reactors at the power station , with No. 3 continuing to produce electricity into 2000 .   The accident motivated safety upgrades on all remaining Soviet-designed reactors in the RBMK ( Chernobyl No. 4 ) family , of which eleven continued to power electric grids as of 2013 .

neg: Tyuratam Tyuratam ( Төретам , Töretam Тюратам ) is a station on the main Moscow to Tashkent railway , located in Kazakhstan . The name is a word in the Kazakh language and means `` Töre 's grave '' ; Töre , or more formally , Töre-Baba , was a noble , a descendant of Genghis Khan . Tyuratam is near the Baikonur Cosmodrome , a Russian - formerly Soviet - spaceport , and near the city of Baikonur ( formerly Leninsk ) , which was constructed to service the cosmodrome .   At a press conference for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project , Jules Bergman of ABC News asked : `` Baykonur , if you 'll look on the coordinates , is 135 miles -LSB- 217 km -RSB- away or something . Tyuratam may only be a railhead , but it is the Tyuratam Launch Complex . They call it Baykonur , I know ... . I 'm going to call it Tyuratam . ABC is going to call it Tyuratam . SAC Strategic Air Command calls it Tyuratam . Can we once and for all straighten that out and arrive at a ... name for it , Tom ? ''   In the mid 1950s , the Soviet Union announced that space activities were being conducted from the Baykonur Cosmodrome , which was assumed to be near the city of Baykonur , in the Kazakh SSR . In reality , the launch facilities were located 400 km to the southwest at Tyuratam to obfuscate the west as to its true location .   It was this launch site that the CIA was trying to locate by systematically tracking over the major rail networks of the Soviet Union in Central Asia with U-2 spy planes . The site was discovered and photographed in 1957 . Francis Gary Powers was scheduled to overfly it on his ill-fated mission in 1960 , but either due to detecting the guidance radar of the defending SA-2 missile battery or cloud cover which prevented him from photographing the site , he avoided Tyuratam and was later shot down over the Ural mountains .

neg: Hyatt Regency walkway collapse The Hyatt Regency walkway collapse took place at the Hyatt Regency Kansas City hotel in Kansas City , Missouri , on July 17 , 1981 . Two vertically contiguous walkways collapsed onto a tea dance being held in the hotel 's lobby . The falling walkways killed 114 and injured 216 . At the time , it was the deadliest structural collapse in U.S. history , not surpassed until the collapse of the World Trade Center towers 20 years later .

neg: Kamensk-Shakhtinsky rail disaster The Kamensk-Shakhtinsky rail disaster occurred on August 7 , 1987 , at 01:30 in Kamenskaya station in the town of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky on the North Caucasus Railway in the Soviet Union when a freight train ran into the rear of a passenger train standing in the station , killing 106 .   A freight train from Bataisk ( a port on the Don River ) consisting of 55 wagons loaded with Kuban grain , hauled by a pair of VL80-C three section electric locomotives and weighing 5500 tons arrived at Likhaya station where a leakage of air between the 6th and 7th wagons was noticed . The train crew closed the brake line after the 6th wagon , thereby isolating the brakes of the rearmost 49 wagons , meaning that they were not being replenished with air from the locomotives . The locomotive crews were then changed without the new crew being informed of the leak and brake isolation . Complying with the regulations the new crew performed a brake test , the driver noticed the brake had to be applied harder than usual but the driver incorrectly assumed all was in order , and at 00:55 the heavy train began the long descent to Kamensk-Shakhtinsky . As the train accelerated the driver applied the service brake to keep the speed of the train down to 65 km/h but the train continued to accelerate ; the emergency braking proved ineffectual . A warning was sent by radio to Kamenskaya station where a number of trains were standing ( many carrying dangerous chemicals ) .   Ahead of the runaway freight train the 10 carriage Rostov-Moscow passenger train was due to stop at Kamenskaya station . The officer on duty at the station attempted to radio the driver to tell him not to stop but was unable to make contact and at 01:28 as it stopped at the station the driver was immediately ordered to continue . Unfortunately the conductor of the train aware that passengers had not yet alighted , pulled the emergency brake ( as demanded by his job description ) .   At 01:30 the freight train entered the station travelling at 140 km/h and collided with the rear of the passenger train , destroying three carriages and killing 106 people and injuring more than 100 ( including the locomotive crew of the freight train ) .   The two engineers who last checked the brakes on the freight train were each sentenced to 12 years in prison .

neg: 1990 Tbilisi aerial tramway accident The 1990 Tbilisi aerial tramway accident was an aerial tramway accident in Tbilisi , the capital of Soviet Georgia on June 1 , 1990 , which resulted in 20 deaths and at least 15 injuries .   The accident involved 2 gondolas on a ropeway route between Rustaveli Avenue and Mount Mtatsminda . The red gondola number 1 was on its way down from the slope of the mountain nearing the lower supporting tower and the red gondola number 2 was nearing an upper tower , when the hauling rope broke inside the coupler of the upper gondola . Both gondolas rolled down simultaneously . The lower gondola slammed into the wall of the lower station injuring people and killing 4 . The upper gondola generated higher speed ( the length of ropeway was 863,3 meters ) ; on reaching the lower support tower , it struck the broken hauling rope which was hanging on the tower , cable tore the gondola apart . The collision was so strong that the track cable fell off the tower , dangling the cut open gondola above the rooftops , causing the cabin to slide down more striking the rooftop of 6 story building destroying even more and causing people to fall from destroyed gondola 20 meters onto rooftops and ground . Overall , 20 people were killed and at least 15 badly injured . Most of them were children on a sightseeing tour in Tbilisi from regional town Akhaltsikhe school number 5 . Children 's Day . Witnesses in both gondolas who survived say that brakes did not work in either of the gondolas despite the desperate attempts from guides and passengers who helped them to pull the brakes .   In 1988 , 2 years prior to accident , the cable car went under major reconstruction with the head engineer Vakhtang Lejava , originally cable car used 3 supporting towers . Redesigning meant replacing the 20 meter high lower mast with a new 25 meters high mast . Two short upper masts ( 10 and 12 meters high ) were also replaced by one 20 meter high mast . Prior to this change , gondolas had a slight climbing angle on the two upper masts . Using a single higher mast caused the new gondolas to run from the upper station horizontal to the mast and then with a sharp angle head down ( causing a feeling of a sudden fall in abyss ) . The standard oval Georgian gondolas ( capacity 25 per gondola ) which were produced in Tbilisi in Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing , were replaced by Italian larger rectangular ones built by `` Lovisolo '' and provided by `` Ceretti & Tanfani '' , providing greater passenger capacity ( 40 per gondola ) . The braking system of the new gondolas did not function properly - while climbing over upper mast , the braking system would engage . Service staff would have to climb on gondola and turn it off manually when this occurred . To avoid this inconvenience , the brakes were just turned off . Additionally , on the day of the accident , both gondolas were over-capacity : the lower gondola had 46 passengers on board , the upper gondola held 47 passengers .   Accident investigation documentation does not identify the cause of the hauling rope breaking inside the coupler . Many unanswered question still remain and the cause of the accident is not known .   The track and hauling cables were dismantled , also the damaged gondolas were dismantled after 3 years . The masts and the stations were kept . The aerial tramway was never restored , in 2014 upper station and both supporting mast were dismantled due to planned restoration of the tramway as a reversible gondola cable car from slightly moved lower station , but the upper station location remained the same . The old lower station due to its unique architecture is a cultural heritage object . The plans were abandoned due to local opposition and visual flaws of the new lower station on one of the main squares of the city in front of Radisson Hotel , as well as the oversized five supporting masts , two of them being located on hilly streets causing already narrow streets to reduce even more in width .   As of January 2017 , an aerial tramway is under construction from its original lower station , the location of the upper station will remain the same . The work is carried out by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group . The major challenge is to adapt the lower station backyard for monocable detachable gondola infrastructure , because the lower station was only designed for aerial tramway type of cable car in 1958 . Construction has faced problems because of high density small housing which appeared in the backyard of the lower station throughout the years and near the future lower mast being challenging for big lorries with construction materials to get near .

neg: Radon Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86 . It is a radioactive , colorless , odorless , tasteless noble gas . It occurs naturally as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into lead ; radon , itself , is a decay product of radium . Its most stable isotope , 222Rn , has a half-life of 3.8 days . Since thorium and uranium are two of the most common radioactive elements on Earth , and since their isotopes have very long half-lives , on the order of billions of years , radon will be present in nature long into the future in spite of its short half-life as it is continually being regenerated .   Unlike all the other intermediate elements in the aforementioned decay chains , radon is , under normal conditions , gaseous and easily inhaled . Radon gas is a health hazard . It is often the single largest contributor to an individual 's background radiation dose , but due to local differences in geology , the level of the radon-gas hazard differs from location to location . Despite its short lifetime , radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings , especially , due to its high density , in low areas such as basements and crawl spaces . Radon can also occur in ground water -- for example , in some spring waters and hot springs .   Epidemiological studies have shown a clear link between breathing high concentrations of radon and incidence of lung cancer . Radon is a contaminant that affects indoor air quality worldwide . According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency , radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer , after cigarette smoking , causing 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year in the United States . About 2,900 of these deaths occur among people who have never smoked . While radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer , it is the number one cause among non-smokers , according to EPA estimates . As radon itself decays , it produces other radioactive elements called radon daughters ( also known as radon progeny ) or decay products . Unlike the gaseous radon itself , radon daughters are solids and stick to surfaces , such as dust particles in the air . If such contaminated dust is inhaled , these particles can also cause lung cancer .

neg: Controversy surrounding the Lviv pogroms of 1941 In the Lviv pogroms of June and July 1941 , during World War II , an estimated 4,000 -- 9,000 people were killed within the space of one month in Lviv ( also known as Lwów or Lvov ) , many of them Polish Jews . Some confusion has arisen from the conflation of three separate massacres carried out in Lviv at the onset of the Nazi German Operation Barbarossa launched on 22 June 1941 .   The first massacre was the killing , by the Soviet Security forces ( NKVD ) , of an estimated 4,000 political prisoners inside the NKVD prisons in Lviv ( some of them Jewish ) immediately prior to the Soviet evacuation . The second massacre was an antisemitic pogrom by local militants , encouraged by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists ( OUN ) , in which 4,000 Jews were killed in the streets immediately before and after the takeover of Lviv by German forces . The third massacre , which was committed by the newly-arrived SS Einsatzgruppe C , specifically targeted Jews , under the guise of retaliation for the killings carried out by the NKVD : 2,500 to 3,000 Jews were herded into a stadium and then taken by lorries to a remote execution site at Janowska . The antisemitic killings culminated before the end of July in the so-called `` Petlura Days '' massacre of more than 2,000 more Jews by Ukrainian nationalists , with the approval of the Nazi administration .   Controversy exists regarding the exact dates in which these atrocities took place , the numbers affected , and the sources of information . The confusion is amplified by the political agenda of parties involved , including national viewpoints in a variety of sources as to the alleged involvement in the Lviv civilian massacres by prominent political and historic figures and groups in the massacre , notably Theodor Oberländer , Roman Shukhevych and the Nachtigall Battalion .

neg: Sparrow Hills Sparrow Hills ( -LSB- : ru : Воробьёвы горы , Воробьёвы го́ры -RSB- , ) , known as Lenin Hills between 1935 and 1999 , is a hill on the right bank of the Moskva River and one of the highest points in Moscow , reaching a height of 220 m , or 60 -- above the river level .   The observation platform , which gives a good panoramic view of the city , is on a steep bank 85 m above the river , or 200 m above sea level . The Luzhniki Stadium ( formerly the Lenin Stadium ) , where the opening and closing ceremonies for the 1980 Summer Olympics took place , is right below , across the Moskva River . Next to it is the Novodevichy Convent , with its Naryshkin Baroque towers .   Not far from the observation platform is the Luzhniki Metro Bridge . The two-level Metro-Bridge traverses the river to link Komsomolsky Prospekt with Vernadsky Prospekt . It serves two urban transport systems : motor vehicles and the Moscow Metro subway . The glass-walled subway station Vorobyovy Gory is at the lower level of the bridge .   The hills , immortalized by many Russian poets and writers , been named after the village Vorobyovo , which was acquired by Grand Duchess Sophia Vitovtovna , Vitovt 's only daughter , from the boyars Vorobyovs in 1453 . Alexander I of Russia wished to build the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour there ; his successor had construction works suspended and the cathedral eventually was erected near the Kremlin .   The main landmarks of the hills are the Moscow State University ( at one time the tallest building in Europe ) and the Trinity Church .

neg: Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant The Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Station in Enerhodar , Ukraine , is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe and the third largest in the world .

neg: Media portrayal of the Ukrainian crisis Media portrayals of the Ukrainian crisis , including 2014 unrest and the 2014 Ukrainian revolution following the Euromaidan movement , differed widely between Ukrainian , western and Russian media . In particular , the Russian media was accused of propagandizing , and of waging an information war during its coverage of the events . Russian channels were repeatedly criticized for the use of misleading images , false narratives , misrepresentation , suppression , and fabricated news stories , such as a child 's crucifixion and the death of a 10-year-old in shelling . The BBC reported that Russian state television `` appears to employ techniques of psychological conditioning designed to excite extreme emotions of aggression and hatred in the viewer '' , which , according to The Guardian , is part of a coordinated `` informational-psychological war operation '' .   A regular theme in the Russian media was that the Ukrainian army , which has many Russian-speaking members , was committing `` genocide '' against Russian-speakers and that they strongly desired Russia to `` protect '' them against Kiev . This presentation contradicted a poll showing that less than 20 % of eastern residents wanted Russia 's protection . There was also no refugee exodus from Kiev , which has a large Russian-speaking population . While asserting that Ukraine was overrun by fascists whom the western media was `` ignoring '' , Russia has forged close relationships with far-right politicians in the West . Its claims about Ukraine were contradicted by Ukrainian election results . Russian media have also denied the Holodomor , a Soviet-organised famine that killed millions of Ukrainians . They supported Russia 's denials of involvement in the Crimean crisis , until Vladimir Putin boasted about the key role of Russian soldiers , and continue denying its involvement in the war in Donbass , despite evidence that Russia regularly shelled across the border .

neg: Moscow International Business Center The Moscow International Business Center ( MIBC ) , also known as `` Moscow City '' , ( Московский международный деловой центр `` Москва-Сити '' , Moskovskiy mezhdunarodnıy delovoy tsentr `` Moskva-Citi '' ) is a commercial district in central Moscow , Russia . Located east of the Third Ring Road in the Presnensky District of Central Administrative Okrug , the Moscow City area is currently under development . Construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya embankment of the Moscow River , approximately 4 km west of Red Square , and just east of the Third Ring Road . The project occupies an area of 60 hectares , with the territory chosen being the only area in central Moscow that can accommodate such a project .   The MIBC is expected to become the first zone in Russia to combine business activity , living space and entertainment in one single development . The Moscow government first conceived the project in 1992 . An estimated 250,000 -- 300,000 people will be working in , living in , or visiting the complex at any given time . MIBC includes 6 skyscrapers with maximum height of 300 meters or more ( Shanghai has 5 , Hong Kong has 6 , Chicago has 6 , New York has 8 ) . Europe 's tallest building , the Federation Tower , is in the MIBC . The complex also includes the second-tallest , third-tallest , fifth-tallest , sixth-tallest , and seventh-tallest buildings in Europe . By 2016 twelve of twenty-three planned facilities of MIBC were already built , seven buildings are in construction and four are in the design stage .   __ TOC __

neg: Louis Slotin Louis Alexander Slotin ( 1 December 1910 -- 30 May 1946 ) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who worked on the Manhattan Project . During World War II , Slotin conducted research at Los Alamos National Laboratory . He performed experiments with uranium and plutonium cores to determine their critical mass values . On 21 May 1946 , Slotin was conducting a demonstration when he accidentally initiated a fission reaction , which released a burst of hard radiation . He received a lethal dose of radiation and died of acute radiation syndrome nine days later . Slotin was the second person to die from a criticality accident , following the death of Harry Daghlian , who had been exposed to radiation by the same core that killed Slotin . Slotin was publicly hailed as a hero by the United States government for reacting quickly and preventing his accident from killing any colleagues . He was later criticized for failing to follow protocol during the experiment .   Others were injured and may have died from nuclear related exposure some years later . With the end of World War II , the work to build additional nuclear devices was less urgent , and the accident halted work for a while until increased safety protocols were implemented at Los Alamos . The incident and its aftermath have been dramatized in several fictional and non-fiction accounts .

neg: 1984 Tbilisi gas explosion The 1984 Tbilisi gas explosion was a gas explosion in a nine-storey apartment block in Tbilisi , Georgia on 2 December 1984 that killed at least 100 people .

neg: L'Ambiance Plaza collapse The L'Ambiance Plaza collapse was one of the worst disasters in modern Connecticut history . L'Ambiance Plaza was a 16-story residential project under construction in Bridgeport , Connecticut at the corner of Washington Avenue and Coleman Street . Its partially erect frame completely collapsed on April 23 , 1987 , killing 28 construction workers . Failure was possibly due to high concrete stresses on the floor slabs by the placement process resulting in cracking ending in a type of punch through failure . Several observers suggested the collapse was preventable and highlighted the deficiencies of the lift slab construction technique . This collapse prompted a major nationwide federal investigation into lift slab construction as well as a temporary moratorium on its use in Connecticut .   In November 1988 , less than two years after the disaster , a $ 41 million settlement of all legal claims arising from a disaster was achieved through mediation , avoiding years of potential litigation . Two judges -- Robert C. Zampano of U.S. District Court and Frank S. Meadow of Connecticut Superior Court -- mediated the dispute `` through informal conferences among nearly 100 lawyers representing the victims ' families and 40 contractors and subcontractors . ''

neg: Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant located in the town of Sosnovy Bor in Russia 's Leningrad Oblast , on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland , some 70 km to the west of the city centre of Saint Petersburg . It consists of four nuclear reactors of the RBMK-1000 type . These reactors are similar to reactors No. 1 and 2 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant . Two units of the VVER-1200 type are under construction at Power Plant II to replace the current RBMK reactors when they reach the end of their service lives .   On 25 October 2008 , Saint Petersburg Atomenergoproekt began concreting the foundation plate of the reactor building of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant II , Unit 1 . Cost of the project is estimated to be almost 70 billion Russian ruble ( RUR ) . A construction licence was issued on 22 July 2009 .   From May 2012 to December 2013 , Unit 1 was offline while repairs were made related to some deformed graphite moderator blocks .

neg: 1953 Soviet nuclear tests The Soviet Union 's 1953 nuclear test series was a group of 5 nuclear tests conducted in 1953 . These tests followed the 1949-51 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1954 Soviet nuclear tests series .   -RCB- 279 m + 30 m  | air drop , weapons development  | RDS-6s  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' |  |  |  | aka RDS-6s . First thermonuclear explosion . Used `` sloika '' Layer-cake method , where primary is wrapped in shells of lithium and tamper . It worked , but could not be scaled up to megaton yields .  | -  ! 5 Tatyana ( Joe 5 )  | 02:00 : ??  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' | ALMT ( 6 hrs ) | | Ground Zero , Semipalatinsk , Kazakhstan ~  | 289 m + 600 m  | air drop , weapons development  | RDS-4  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' |  |  |  | Test of first production tactical weapon , used on Tu-4 and Tu-16 jets .  | -  ! 6 ( Joe 6 )  |  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' | ALMT ( 6 hrs ) | | Ground Zero , Semipalatinsk , Kazakhstan ~  | 280 m + 255 m  | air drop , weapons development  |  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' |  |  |  |  | -  ! 7  |  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' | ALMT ( 6 hrs ) | | Ground Zero , Semipalatinsk , Kazakhstan ~  | 280 m + 220 m  | air drop , weapons development  |  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' |  |  |  |  | -  ! 8 ( Joe 7 )  |  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' | ALMT ( 6 hrs ) | | Ground Zero , Semipalatinsk , Kazakhstan ~  | 280 m + 260 m  | air drop , weapons development  |  | style = `` text-align : center ; '' |  |  |  |  | -RCB-

neg: Donetsk Oblast Donetsk Oblast ( Доне́цька о́бласть , Donets ` ka oblast ' ; also referred to as Donechchyna -- Донеччина Donechchyna ; Доне́цкая о́бласть , Donetskaya oblast -LSB- dɐˈnʲɛtskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ -RSB- ) is an oblast ( province ) of eastern Ukraine . It is the most populated oblast , with around 4.5 million residents . Its administrative center is Donetsk ; however , its Regional State Administration was relocated to Mariupol , a temporary measure due to the ongoing crisis in Donetsk . Historically , the region is an important part of the Donbas region . Until November 1961 , it bore the name Stalino Oblast , as its capital Donetsk was named Stalino in honour of Joseph Stalin at that time .   The oblast is known for its urban sprawl and is often associated with mining industry .   On April 7 , 2014 , following the annexation of Crimea by Russia , separatists occupying the Donetsk Oblast administrative building declared independence from Ukraine and held a referendum on separating from Ukraine on May 11 , 2014 . Subsequently , the War in Donbass started . After Donetsk was under control of the separatist government , the Donetsk Oblast administration was relocated to Mariupol , and later to Kramatorsk .

neg: Belarusian nuclear power plant The Belarusian nuclear power plant is a multi-reactor nuclear power plant project in Belarus . Initial plans were announced in the 1980s , but were suspended after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster . The drive for the current project was fueled by the Russia-Belarus energy dispute in 2007 . The project foresees construction of two nuclear reactors between 2016 and 2020 , and probably two more reactors by 2025 . The reactors would be supplied by Atomstroyexport and the plant would be located in the Astravets district , Hrodna voblast .

neg: WASH-740 WASH-740 was a report published by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission ( USAEC ) in 1957 . This report , called `` Theoretical Possibilities and Consequences of Major Accidents in Large Nuclear Power Plants '' ( also known as `` The Brookhaven Report '' ) , estimated maximum possible damage from a meltdown with no containment building at a large nuclear reactor .   The conclusions of this study estimated the possible effects of a `` maximum credible accident '' for nuclear reactors then envisioned as being 3400 deaths , 43,000 injuries and property damage of $ 7 billion ( $ 57bn adjusted for inflation in 2012 since 1957 ) . The estimate of probability was one in a hundred thousand to one in a billion per reactor-year . When WASH-740 was revised in 1964-65 to account for the larger reactors then being designed , the new figures indicated that there could be as many as 45,000 deaths , 100,000 injuries , and $ 17 billion in property damage ( $ 125bn adjusted for inflation since 1964 ) .   However ; the assumptions underlying the results were unrealistic ( including the worst meteorological conditions , no containment building , and that half the reactor core is released into the atmosphere as micrometre-sized pellets without any examination of how this might occur ) . These were due to conservatism ( estimating the maximum possible damage ) and the need to use atomic bomb fallout data , which had been collected from tests ( computers in 1955 being greatly insufficient to do the calculations ) .   As knowledge , models and computers improved the conclusions of this report were replaced by those of first WASH-1400 ( 1975 , The Rasmussen Report ) , then CRAC-II ( 1982 ) , and most recently NUREG-1150 ( 1991 ) . Now all of these studies are considered obsolete ( see the disclaimer to NUREG-1150 ) , and are being replaced by the State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses study .

neg: Dirty bomb A dirty bomb or radiological dispersal device ( RDD ) is a speculative radiological weapon that combines radioactive material with conventional explosives . The purpose of the weapon is to contaminate the area around the dispersal agent/conventional explosion with radioactive material , serving primarily as an area denial device against civilians . It is however not to be confused with a nuclear explosion , such as a fission bomb , which by releasing nuclear energy produces blast effects far in excess of what is achievable by the use of conventional explosives .   Though an RDD would be designed to disperse radioactive material over a large area , a bomb that uses conventional explosives and produces a blast wave would be far more lethal to people than the hazard posed by radioactive material that may be mixed with the explosive . At levels created from probable sources , not enough radiation would be present to cause severe illness or death . A test explosion and subsequent calculations done by the United States Department of Energy found that assuming nothing is done to clean up the affected area and everyone stays in the affected area for one year , the radiation exposure would be `` fairly high '' , but not fatal . Recent analysis of the nuclear fallout from the Chernobyl disaster confirms this , showing that the effect on many people in the surrounding area , although not those in close proximity , was almost negligible .   Since a dirty bomb is unlikely to cause many deaths by radiation exposure , many do not consider this to be a weapon of mass destruction . Its purpose would presumably be to create psychological , not physical , harm through ignorance , mass panic , and terror . For this reason dirty bombs are sometimes called `` weapons of mass disruption '' . Additionally , containment and decontamination of thousands of victims , as well as decontamination of the affected area might require considerable time and expense , rendering areas partly unusable and causing economic damage .

neg: Vorkutlag The Vorkutlag , sometimes Vorkuta Gulag , was one of the major Soviet era GULAG labor camps , full name Воркутинский исправительно-трудовой лагерь ( Vorkuta Corrective Labor Camp ) . It was located in the Pechora River Basin , in the Komi Republic , part of the Siberian region of Russia , located 1,900 km from Moscow and 160 km above the Arctic Circle . Vorkuta Gulag was established in 1932 to exploit the resources of the Pechora Coal Basin , the second largest coal basin in the former U.S.S.R. . The city of Vorkuta was established to support the camp . There were approximately 132 sub-camps in the Vorkuta Gulag system during the height of its use in the Soviet prison system . From 1939 , Polish prisoners were held here until Russia joined the allies , after it was attacked by Germany . The camp was then also used to hold German P.O.W.s captured on the Eastern Front in World War II as well as Soviet citizens and those from Soviet occupied countries deemed to be dissidents and enemies of the state during the Soviet era .   Although the camp was closed in 1962 there are large numbers of Soviet citizens who were former prisoners still living in Vorkuta , originally due to their former status as enemies of the state , then as a result of their poor financial situation . Memorial , a Russian human rights organization that focuses on recording and publicising the human rights violations of the Soviet Union 's totalitarian era , estimates that of the 40,000 people collecting state pensions in the Vorkuta area 32,000 are trapped former gulag inmates , or their descendants .   Inmates at Vorkuta who were forced to work in the region 's coal mines went on strike during the Vorkuta uprising in July 1953 . The mostly passive strike which lasted approximately two weeks was put down on August 1 , when camp chief Derevyanko ordered troops to fire at the strikers resulting in the deaths of at least 53 workers , although estimates vary .