query: Seth Rogen was hired to be a staff member.

pos: Seth Rogen Seth Aaron Rogen ( -LSB- ˈroʊɡən -RSB- born April 15 , 1982 ) is a Canadian-American actor , filmmaker , and comedian . He began his career performing stand-up comedy during his teenage years , winning the Vancouver Amateur Comedy Contest in 1998 . While still living in his native Vancouver , he landed a supporting role in the series Freaks and Geeks . Shortly after he moved to Portland , Oregon for his role , Freaks and Geeks was officially cancelled after one season due to low viewership . Rogen later got a part on sitcom Undeclared , which also hired him as a staff writer .   After landing his job as a staff writer on the final season of Da Ali G Show , for which he and the other writers received an Emmy Award nomination , he was guided by Judd Apatow toward a film career . Rogen made his first movie appearance in Donnie Darko with a minor role as a rebellious student in Donnie 's high school classes in 2001 . Rogen was cast in a major supporting role and credited as a co-producer in Apatow 's directorial debut , The 40-Year-Old Virgin . After Rogen received critical praise for his performance , Universal Pictures agreed to cast him as the lead in Apatow 's films Knocked Up and Funny People . Rogen co-starred as Steve Wozniak in Universal 's Steve Jobs biopic in 2015 . In 2016 , he developed the AMC television series Preacher with his writing partner Evan Goldberg and Sam Catlin . He also serves as a writer and executive producer , and directed the first two episodes of the series with Goldberg .   Rogen and Goldberg co-wrote the films Superbad , Pineapple Express , The Green Hornet , This Is the End , and directed both This Is the End and The Interview ; all of which Rogen starred in . He has also done voice work for the films Horton Hears a Who ! , the Kung Fu Panda film series , The Spiderwick Chronicles , Monsters vs. Aliens , Paul , and Sausage Party .

neg: Shindig (video chat platform) Shindig is a patented technology platform for large scale online video chat events .   Fueled described Shindig as `` a new online video chat platform , ( which ) aims to make talking online more natural by imitating real-life events ; users can freely mingle , moving between conversations with the same ease as you might move through a dinner party . ''   In a Shindig event , participants can use webcams to see each other in a shared space . A featured presenter can give a talk , be interviewed , share a multimedia presentation , give a live performance , teach a course and much more to a live online audience of thousands . Meanwhile , audience members can move freely in and out of private video conversations with whomever they choose , and selected guests can be brought up to `` share the stage '' and directly interact with hosts `` face-to-face '' before the entire group . The speaker can also share PDF , MP3 , and MP4 multimedia files with the group .   Notable pioneers and institutions who have used the platform include Bill Gates , TED.com , Sheryl Sandberg , Guy Kawasaki , Jim Cramer , Michael Saylor , Forbes , The Chicago Tribune , Random House , Ernst & Young , Simon & Schuster , Folio , Los Angeles Review of Books , Lucky Magazine , TEDx , BookTalk Nation and many more .   The platform was first introduced as a means of enabling author talks and Q&A 's . Among the many hundreds of notable authors who have used the platform : Tom Angleberger , Dan Ariely , Edward Jay Epstein , Richard Paul Evans , Jackson `` Cat Daddy '' Galaxy , Carla Hall , Hugh Howey , A. J. Jacobs , Jerry B. Jenkins , Kevin Kelly , Jill Lepore , Wendy Lower , Marissa Meyer , Jo Nesbø , Susan Orlean , George Packer , Michael Pollan , Diane Ravitch and Lori Wilde .   Shindig has also been looked at as a potential solution for online education . As cited in Campus Technology , `` Shindig 's proprietary technology may enable online faculty members to facilitate rich media interactive video and audio with large numbers of students in an online course ... these students can also see each other , and they can , with only a click , self aggregate into their own collaborative groups and speak with each other in real time during the course . '' University Business says `` Shindig enables the real-life dynamics of a face-to-face course with all its interaction and participatory features at internet scale . ''   Shindig enables a hybrid MOOC , which has the potential to reduce the cost of higher education without radically diminishing its quality , as many feel other MOOCs and platforms threaten to do . As of October 2013 , some 20 institutions had commenced pilots using the platform for online e-courses including Caltech , Duke , NYU , Cooper Union , Texas A&M , Manhattanville , University of the Sciences and University of Crete . Shindig was the recipient of SIAA 's 2013 Innovation Incubator Award as the Educator 's Choice Runner-Up for Education Technology Product or Service . In 2017 , Shindig was recognized by global tech research firm Gartner as a Cool Vendor in Social Collaboration . The report noted that Shindig transformed `` the feeling of people attending a virtual online event that they are ` all along together . ''' and further that the platform delivered `` a more compelling peer-to-peer experience where people can ` mingle ' as they do in physical spaces . ''

neg: History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 .   After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences .   This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .

neg: Roger (American Dad!) Roger Smith ( born Wogir ) is a fictional character in the adult animated sitcom American Dad ! , voiced by Seth MacFarlane . The character was created and designed by Seth MacFarlane . Roger is a centuries-old grey space alien living with the Smith family , around whom the show revolves . Having lived on Earth since 1947 , at the age of 1600 , Roger came to live with the Smiths after rescuing main character Stan Smith at Area 51 four years prior to the beginning of the series .   Roger began the series as a sensitive pushover who is often taken advantage of , cheated , and ridiculed . Over time , the character has become increasingly cruel , selfish , devious , and depraved , although the Smith family are curiously oblivious to his nature . In early episodes of the show , Roger is disallowed from leaving the Smith house in order to conceal his being an alien . This restriction is soon abandoned and Roger begins adopting disguises and fictitious personas in order to have a life outside the house .   Roger 's personas have become a major plot device , with his myriad alter egos frequently being the subject or facilitator of an episode 's main story or subplot . This also helps to amplify his pansexuality and androgynous nature , which varies dependent on the plot situation and persona he has adopted . Aside from catalyzing the plot or subplot with his various personas , and despite his increasingly evident self-interest , he often serves to counsel the show 's main characters , by humorously affirming or bluntly disregarding their opinions .   When voicing the character , MacFarlane speaks in a swish accent intended to resemble Paul Lynde ( who played Uncle Arthur in Bewitched ) . In 2014 , Roger was voted `` Gayest Cartoon Character of All Time '' in a first-ever March Madness style competition held by Logo TV .

neg: The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . )   The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation .   The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 .   A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM .   The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .

neg: Seth Bringman Seth Bringman ( born July 17 , 1981 ) is a political campaign strategist for the Democratic Party in the United States .

neg: List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! ''   Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber .   Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .

neg: Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to .   Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified .   The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .

neg: Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States .   ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) .   ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling .   On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .

neg: Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia .   Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members .   The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others .   In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network .   David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing .   In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta .   Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects .   In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre .   In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores .   In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience .  Official Website   Category : Theatres in Atlanta

neg: White House Deputy Chief of Staff The White House Deputy Chief of Staff is officially the top aide to the White House Chief of Staff , who is the senior aide to the President of the United States . The Deputy Chief of Staff usually has an office in the West Wing and is responsible for ensuring the smooth running of the White House bureaucracy , as well as such other duties as the Chief of Staff assigns to him or her . In some administrations , there are multiple deputy chiefs with different duties .   In the Trump administration , there are two current Deputy Chiefs of Staff :  Joe Hagin , Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations  Rick Dearborn , Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy Implementation  Katie Walsh was Deputy Chief of Staff until March 30 , 2017 .   Six Deputy Chiefs of Staff were subsequently promoted to become Chief of Staff : Dick Cheney , Ken Duberstein , Andrew Card , Erskine Bowles , John Podesta , and Joshua Bolten .

neg: Fans4Writers Fans4Writers is a fan activist movement which supported the striking writers of the WGA during the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike . The organization was not associated with the WGA , and indeed was notable for its unprecedented show of solidarity by individuals who were neither directly involved in contract negotiations , nor had a financial stake in the outcome .   While the group was first proposed by fans of Joss Whedon , it came to embrace more than 40 self-identified fandoms . They called themselves `` fans of TV shows and movies , fans of actors , fans of directors , fans of producers , crew and everyone involved in the team effort of crafting wonder . But most of all we are fans of writers , because they are where the wonder begins . They write the words we remember , they create the characters we love , they think up the lines that stay with us forever . As supporters of the people behind the scenes , who develop and write the stories that have meant so much to so many , we wanted to do something tangible to show them that we support the Writers Guild of America strike . ''   Fans4Writers solicitied financial support for its activities , which included bringing food to picket lines and skywriting messages of support at the Rose Bowl . Money left over after the strike was contributed to the WGA Strike Fund .   The organization stated its support for `` the writers in their fight for fair treatment and equitable pay ... with our thoughts , with food deliveries , with money , and we will pick up signs and march with them until a resolution is found . We do it in appreciation , and because it 's right . ''   The Internet-based fan movement received some online press coverage ancillary to the strike itself , and Brenda Lawhorn , Fans4writers ' Campaign Coordinator , was interviewed on Public Radio International 's Fair Game .   However , WGA member and Battlestar Galactica writer Jane Espenson was quoted on fan involvement :  `` I 'm not sure that -LSB- fan involvement -RSB- , which is so clear on the Internet , is being made as clear as it could be in the mainstream press ... it 's the stuff with the mainstream , grassroots fans who come out in amazing numbers and send us food on the picket lines every day ... that 's a bigger part of our everyday strike experience than the involvement of the movie stars . ''   The organization 's existence and activities highlighted one of the main sticking points in the contract negotiations -- the significance of the Internet and other `` new media '' distribution channels . The fan involvement in the strike could also be seen as an outgrowth of trends in which the audience had become more vocal as consumers of entertainment . Striking writers closed the circle by soliciting fan action on their behalf and specifically referring those upset at the loss of their favorite programs to the Fans4writers website , alongside the WGA 's own strike site , in order to register their sentiments and become involved .   Successful use of the internet to organize `` save our show '' campaigns had garnered significant attention , as when supporters of Jericho inundated CBS with grievances in protest of the program 's cancellation . This and other similar fan-organized publicity stunts on behalf of television shows appeared to have inspired WGA strikers themselves to undertake a similar campaign of sending pencils to the CEOs of the media conglomerates in a position to influence the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers .   Fans4Writers received designation as Yahoo.com 's Site of the Day on November 21 , 2007 .

neg: Give Me a Ring Sometime `` Give Me a Ring Sometime '' is the first episode of the American situation comedy Cheers . Written by Glen and Les Charles and directed by James Burrows , the episode first aired September 30 , 1982 on NBC . The pilot episode introduces the employees of bar Cheers : Sam Malone , Diane Chambers , Coach Ernie Pantusso , and Carla Tortelli ; and regular customers Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin . In this episode , Diane , brought in by fiancé Sumner Sloan , meets the employees and patrons of the bar . When she realizes that her fiancé has left her alone in the bar , Diane accepts Sam 's offer to be the bar 's waitress to start over .   In the original script the employees were the principal characters , and Norm and Cliff were not included . Later revisions added Norm and Cliff , and scenes were restructured and rewritten . Originally , Cheers set would be a hotel , but it was ultimatelly changed to a bar . Ratings were low when the episode first aired , but were moderately successful in reruns . It has been critically praised over the years , and earned its writers awards for Best Writing in 1983 .

neg: Seth Harris Seth D. Harris ( born October 12 , 1962 ) was the 11th United States Deputy Secretary of Labor , and served for six months as the Acting U.S. Secretary of Labor and a member of President Barack Obama 's Cabinet . Nominated by President Obama in February 2009 , Harris was unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate in May 2009 , and became acting Secretary of Labor following the resignation of Hilda Solis in January 2013 . Harris was also a member of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation 's Board of Directors . Harris stepped down from his post on January 16 , 2014 . Since leaving the Obama Administration , Harris has been a Distinguished Scholar at Cornell University 's School of Industrial & Labor Relations , and Counsel in the Public Policy & Regulation and Employment & Labor practices of Dentons , a global law firm , before establishing his own law office . Harris is also a member of the United Cerebral Palsy Association 's Board of Directors .

neg: The Gabby Hayes Show The Gabby Hayes Show is a general purpose western television series in which the film star and Roy Rogers confidant , George `` Gabby '' Hayes ( 1885 -- 1969 ) , narrated each episode , showed clips from old westerns , or told tall tales for a primarily children 's audience . The first Hayes program ran on NBC at 5:15 p.m. Eastern for fifteen minutes three times per week and preceded the puppet series , Howdy Doody . It aired from December 11 , 1950 , to January 1 , 1954 . The second version was a half-hour broadcast on Saturday mornings , carried for only thirteen weeks from May 12 to July 14 , 1956 , on ABC .   The show was sponsored by Quaker Oats ' puffed cereals , which were `` shot from guns '' . As was common at the time , the host delivered the commercial . This often included Hayes firing a small cannon loaded with the cereal at the camera , while warning the viewers to `` Watch out for your televisionary sets ! ''   The floor manager for the show was Fred Rogers ( of children 's television show Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood ) until 1953 when he left NBC to start working in public television .

neg: Working Group on Financial Markets The Working Group on Financial Markets ( also , President 's Working Group on Financial Markets , the Working Group , and colloquially the Plunge Protection Team ) was created by Executive Order 12631 , signed on March 18 , 1988 , by United States President Ronald Reagan .   As established by the executive order , the Working Group has three purposes and functions :   '' ( a ) Recognizing the goals of enhancing the integrity , efficiency , orderliness , and competitiveness of our Nation 's financial markets and maintaining investor confidence , the Working Group shall identify and consider :  ( 1 ) the major issues raised by the numerous studies on the events in the financial markets surrounding October 19 , 1987 , and any of those recommendations that have the potential to achieve the goals noted above ; and  ( 2 ) the actions , including governmental actions under existing laws and regulations ( such as policy coordination and contingency planning ) , that are appropriate to carry out these recommendations .  ( b ) The Working Group shall consult , as appropriate , with representatives of the various exchanges , clearinghouses , self-regulatory bodies , and with major market participants to determine private sector solutions wherever possible .  ( c ) The Working Group shall report to the President initially within 60 days ( and periodically thereafter ) on its progress and , if appropriate , its views on any recommended legislative changes . ''   The Working Group consists of :  The Secretary of the Treasury , or his or her designee ( as Chairperson of the Working Group ) ;  The Chairperson of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System , or his or her designee ;  The Chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Commission , or his or her designee ; and  The Chairperson of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission , or his or her designee .

neg: Stan Rogow Stan Rogow is an American music manager , writer and producer of film and television .

neg: Counseling (The Office) `` Counseling '' is the second episode of the seventh season of the American comedy television series The Office and the shows 128th episode overall . It originally aired on NBC on September 30 , 2010 . The episode was written by B. J. Novak and directed by Jeffrey Blitz . `` Counseling '' guest stars Eric Zuckerman as a store clerk , Vincent Angelo as a vendor , and Michael Schur as Mose Schrute . Evan Peters also appears as Luke Cooper in archival footage from the previous episode .   The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In the episode , Michael Scott ( Steve Carell ) is forced to have six hours of counseling with Toby Flenderson ( Paul Lieberstein ) after he physically reprimanded his nephew Luke ( Peters ) , but Michael refuses to make Toby 's job easy . Meanwhile , Pam Halpert ( Jenna Fischer ) attempts to finagle a promotion to office administrator and Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) boycotts the Steamtown Mall after a shop owner refuses to serve him .   `` Counseling '' received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The episode was viewed by 7.36 million viewers and received a 3.7 rating among adults between the age of 18 and 49 , marking a significant drop in the ratings when compared to the previous week . Despite this , the episode was the highest-rated NBC series of the night that it aired , as well as the highest-rated non-sports NBC broadcast for the week it aired .

neg: Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide .   The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting .   In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 .  The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount .   Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night .   Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City .   Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .

neg: 24 Hour Design 24 Hour Design is an American reality television series involving a team consisting of a host and designer , design assistant and a carpenter that help homeowners transform a single room . The show is shot in a single day ( usually less than 10 hours ) , with a budget around $ 2,000 .   Original episodes of 24 Hour Design began to air on HGTV October 6 , 2006 . The program 's second season began July 10 , 2007 .   In each episode of 24 Hour Design , the host meets with the homeowners to discuss the redesign of their room . The team and homeowners work on the space together up until the final hour . In the final hour the designer transforms the room for the final reveal . The redesign usually consists of painting of the room and the construction a furniture piece .

neg: Greg Daniels Gregory Martin `` Greg '' Daniels ( born June 13 , 1963 ) is an American television comedy writer , producer , and director . He is known for his work on several television series , including Saturday Night Live , The Simpsons , King of the Hill and The Office . All four shows were named among Times James Poniewozik 's All Time 100 TV Shows . Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien . Their first writing credit was for Not Necessarily the News , before they were laid off due to budget cuts . He eventually became a writer for two long-running series : Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons .   He joined the writing staff of The Simpsons during the fifth season , and he wrote several classic episodes including `` Lisa 's Wedding , '' `` Bart Sells His Soul '' and `` 22 Short Films About Springfield . '' He left the series in order to co-create another long-running animated series , King of the Hill , with Mike Judge . The series ran for thirteen years before it was cancelled in 2009 . During the series run , he worked on several other series , including the American version of The Office and Parks and Recreation . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer on the TBS series People of Earth . ''


query: A loss of supply can require a prime minister to seek a parliamentary dissolution by either constitutional convention or explicit constitutional instruction.

pos: Loss of supply Loss of supply occurs where a government in a parliamentary democracy using the Westminster System or a system derived from it is denied a supply of treasury or exchequer funds , by whichever house or houses of parliament or head of state is constitutionally entitled to grant and deny supply . A defeat on a budgetary vote is one such way by which supply can be denied . Loss of supply is typically interpreted as indicating a loss of confidence in the government . Not all `` money bills '' are necessarily supply bills . For instance , in Australia , supply bills are defined as `` bills which are required by the Government to carry on its day-to-day business '' .   When a loss of supply occurs , a prime minister is generally required either by constitutional convention or by explicit constitutional instruction to either resign immediately or seek a parliamentary dissolution .   Some constitutions , however , do not allow the option of parliamentary dissolution but rather require the government to be dissolved or to resign .   A similar deadlock can occur within a presidential system , where it is also known as a budget crisis . In contrast to parliamentary systems , the failure of the legislature to authorize spending may not in all circumstances result in an election , because some such legislatures enjoy fixed terms and so can not be dissolved before a date of termination , which can result in a prolonged crisis .   A deadlock between a head of state and the legislative body can give rise and cause for a head of state to prematurely dismiss the elected government , requiring it to seek re-election . If a government maintains the support of a majority of legislators or the elected parliamentary representatives , the blocking of supply by a head of state would be seen as an abuse of authority and power . Many western countries have removed or restricted the right of a head of state to block supply or veto a government budget unless there is overwhelming justification and cause for such action .

neg: New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament , along with the Sovereign ( represented by the Governor-General ) . The House passes all laws , provides ministers to form a Cabinet , and supervises the work of the Government . It is also responsible for adopting the state 's budgets and approving the state 's accounts .   The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body , usually consisting of 120 members ( currently 119 though recently had 121 with an overhang ) known as members of Parliament ( MPs ) . Members are elected for limited terms , holding office until Parliament is dissolved ( a maximum of three years ) . A government is formed from the party or coalition with the majority of MPs . If no majority is possible then a minority government can be formed with a confidence and supply arrangement .   The House of Representatives was created by the British New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , which established a bicameral legislature ; however the upper chamber , the Legislative Council , was abolished in 1951 . Parliament received full control over all New Zealand affairs in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act .   The debate chamber of the House of Representatives is located inside Parliament House in Wellington , the capital city . Sittings of the House are usually open to the public , but the House may at any time vote to sit in private .

neg: Nuclear option The nuclear option is a parliamentary procedure that allows the United States Senate to override a rule or precedent by a simple majority of 51 votes , instead of by a supermajority of 60 votes . The option is invoked by the presiding officer of the body ruling that the validity of a Senate rule or precedent is a constitutional question . The issue is immediately put to the full Senate , which decides by majority vote . The procedure thus allows the Senate to decide any issue by majority vote , regardless of existing procedural rules , such as current Senate rules specifying that ending a filibuster requires the consent of 60 senators ( out of 100 ) for legislation , and 67 for amending a Senate rule . The term `` nuclear option '' is an analogy to nuclear weapons being the most extreme option in warfare .   The nuclear option has only been used in practice twice -- in 2013 and 2017 , however the threat to use it dates back at least to 1917 , in opinions related to reform of the Senate 's filibuster rules . Subsequently , an opinion written by Vice President Richard Nixon in 1957 concluded that the U.S. Constitution grants the presiding officer the authority to override existing Senate rules . The option was used to make further rule changes in 1975 . In November 2013 , Senate Democrats used the nuclear option to eliminate filibusters on executive branch nominations and federal judicial appointments other than those to the Supreme Court . On April 6 , 2017 , Senate Republicans used the nuclear option to eliminate the exception for Supreme Court nominees , after the nomination of Neil Gorsuch failed to meet the requirement of 60 votes for ending the debate .   Before November 2013 , Senate rules required a three-fifths vote of the `` duly chosen and sworn '' members of the Senate -- ( usually 60 votes ) to end debate on a bill , nomination or other proposal ; they also require a two-thirds vote ( `` present and voting '' -- 67 or more votes ) to end debate on a change to the Senate rules . Those rules effectively allowed a minority of the Senate to block a bill or nomination through the technique of the filibuster . This had resulted in a de facto requirement that a nomination have the support of 60 Senators to pass , rather than a majority of 51 . A three-fifths vote is still required to end debates on legislation . Before April 2017 , Senate rules required a three-fifths vote to confirm nominations for Supreme Court nominees .   Under the new nuclear option proceedings , the majority leader and presiding officer , guided by parliamentary experts , go through a series of choreographed steps in which the leader suggests a change to the rules , the presiding officer challenges him , and then the leader calls a second vote on a rules change , which requires only 51 votes . This effectively ends what had become a 60-vote requirement for confirmation of a Supreme Court nominee or the passage of legislation .

neg: Municipal mergers and dissolutions in Japan can take place within one municipality or between multiple municipalities and are required to be based upon consensus .

neg: Abuse of power Abuse of power , in the form of `` malfeasance in office '' or `` official misconduct , '' is the commission of an unlawful act , done in an official capacity , which affects the performance of official duties . Malfeasance in office is often grounds for a for cause removal of an elected official by statute or recall election . Abuse of power can also mean a person using the power they have for their own personal gain .

neg: West Lothian question The West Lothian question , also known as the English question , refers to whether MPs from Northern Ireland , Scotland and Wales , sitting in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom , should be able to vote on matters that affect only England , while MPs from England are unable to vote on matters that have been devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly , the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly . The term `` West Lothian question '' was coined by Enoch Powell MP in 1977 after Tam Dalyell , the Labour MP for the Scottish constituency of West Lothian , raised the matter repeatedly in House of Commons debates on devolution .   In 2011 the Government of the United Kingdom set up a commission to examine the question . The Commission on the consequences of devolution for the House of Commons , chaired by former Clerk of the House of Commons Sir William McKay , published a report in 2013 which proposed various procedural changes , including that legislation which affects only England should require the support of a majority of MPs representing English constituencies ( `` English votes for English laws '' ) . Following the election of a Conservative government in the 2015 general election , new parliamentary procedures and a Legislative Grand Committee were enacted .

neg: Prerogative instrument A prerogative instrument is a legal instrument issued in the United Kingdom under the royal prerogative , in contrast with a Statutory Instrument ( which is made under the authority of an Act of Parliament ) .   Examples of prerogative instruments include letters patent ( including most royal charters ) , royal instructions , royal warrants , and some orders in council .   The use of prerogative instruments has declined considerably both as a result of the transfer of political power from the Sovereign to the House of Commons , and with the expanded use since the nineteenth century of delegated legislation under the authority of parliament .   Prerogative instruments were often used as the basis for the constitutions of British colonies .

neg: Cabinet of Barbados The Cabinet , formally Her Majesty 's Barbados Ministers , are individuals of Barbados which execute the duties of the Government of Barbados .   Under a Westminster system of governance , these powers are vested nominally in Elizabeth II , Queen of Barbados ( represented by the Governor-General ) , but are exercised in practice by a Cabinet of Ministers , presided over by the Prime Minister . The Prime Minister is formally appointed by the Governor-General : the Governor-General must appoint as Prime Minister someone who can control a majority of votes in the House of Assembly . In practice , this is normally the leader of the largest political party or coalition in the house . If there is no clear majority in the House of Assembly , however , the Governor-General 's role becomes more important : he or she must assume the role of arbitrator and open negotiations with the leaders of the various political parties , in the hope of finding someone whom a majority will accept as Prime Minister . In the event of that failing to take place , the Governor-General must dissolve the House of Assembly and call an early election .

neg: Constitutional Court of Thailand The Constitutional Court ( ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ; -LSB- sǎːn • rát • tʰà • tʰam • má • nuːn -RSB- ) is an independent Thai court founded under the 1997 Constitution with jurisdiction over the constitutionality of parliamentary acts , royal decrees , draft legislation , as well as the appointment and removal of public officials and issues regarding political parties . The current court was established by the 2007 Constitution and is part of the judicial branch of the Thai national government .   The court , along with the 1997 Constitution , was dissolved and replaced by a Constitutional Tribunal in 2006 following the coup d'État . While the Constitutional Court had 15 members , 7 from the judiciary and 8 selected by a special panel , the Constitution Tribunal had 9 members , all from the judiciary . A similar institution , consisting of 9 members , was again established by the 2007 Constitution .   The Constitutional Court has provoked much public debate , both regarding the court 's jurisdiction and composition as well as the initial selection of justices . A long-standing issue has been the degree of control exerted by the judiciary over the court .   The decisions of the court are final and inappealable . The decisions also bind every state organ , including the National Assembly , the Council of Ministers and other courts .   The various versions of the court have made several significant decisions . These included the 1999 decision that deputy minister of agriculture Newin Chidchop could retain his cabinet seat after being sentenced to imprisonment for defamation , the 2001 acquittal of Thaksin Shinawatra for filing an incomplete statement regarding his wealth , with the National Anti-Corruption Commission , the 2003 invalidation of Jaruvan Maintaka appointment as auditor-general , the 2007 dissolution of the Thai Rak Thai political party , and the 2014 removal of prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra from office .

neg: Australian Senate The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia , the lower house being the House of Representatives . The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I , Part II of the Australian Constitution . There are a total of 76 senators : 12 senators are elected from each of the six states ( regardless of population ) and two from each of the two autonomous internal territories ( the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory ) . Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation .   Unlike upper Houses in most Westminster parliamentary systems , the Senate is vested with significant power , including the capacity to block all legislation , including Budget and Appropriation Bills , initiated by the government in the House of Representatives , making it a distinctive hybrid of British Westminster bicameralism and US-style bicameralism . As a result of proportional representation , the chamber features a multitude of parties vying for power . The governing party or coalition , which has to maintain the confidence of the lower house , rarely has a majority in the Senate and usually needs to negotiate with other parties and Independents to get legislation passed .   Senators normally serve fixed six-year terms ( from 1 July to 30 June ) , unless the Senate is dissolved earlier in a double dissolution . Following a double dissolution half the state senators serve terms ending on the third 30 June following the election ( i.e. slightly less than three years ) with the rest serving three years longer . The term of the territory senators expires at the same time as there is an election for the House of Representatives . There is no constitutional requirement for the election of senators to take place at the same time as those for members of the House of Representatives , though the government usually synchronises election dates .

neg: Repeal A repeal is the removal or reversal of a law . There are two basic types of repeal , a repeal with a re-enactment ( or replacement ) of the repealed law , or a repeal without any replacement .   Removal of secondary legislation is normally referred to as revocation rather than repeal in the United Kingdom and Ireland . Under the common law of England and Wales , the effect of repealing a statute was `` to obliterate it completely from the records of Parliament as though it had never been passed . '' This , however , is now subject to savings provisions within the Interpretation Act 1978 .   In parliamentary procedure , the motion to rescind , repeal , or annul is used to cancel or countermand an action or order previously adopted by the assembly .

neg: Political feasibility analysis Political feasibility analysis is used to predict the probable outcome of a proposed solution to a policy problem through examining the actors , events and environment involved in all stages of the policy-making process . It is one frequently used component of a policy analysis and can serve as an evaluative criterion in choosing between policy alternatives . Feasible policies must be politically acceptable or at least not unacceptable . Political unacceptability is a combination of two conditions too much opposition or too little support . One common mistake is widespread in practice that feasibility becomes a dominant criterion of preferable alternative .   Feasibility is `` the state or degree of being easily or conveniently done '' . More plainly , one might ask `` can we get this done ? '' Feasibility , as it pertains to the political arena , speaks to the political climate . The question then becomes : `` In this political climate , can we get this done ? ''   Political feasibility is a measure of how well a solution to a policy problem , will be accepted by a set of decision makers and the general public . For a policy to be enacted and implemented , it must be politically acceptable , or feasible . A policy alternative 's lack of political feasibility can often be attributed to its lack of political support or the result of controversy that may surround the issue the policy seeks to address . Alternatively , a politically feasible alternative is one that has the greatest probability of `` receiv -LSB- ing -RSB- sufficient political push and support to be implemented '' given any specific constraints .   When policy analysis generates policy alternatives , the political risks and costs associated with each can be important criteria for deciding between alternatives . A good policy alternative requires a certain amount of political feasibility , or implementation of the policy will be impossible . It is important to keep in mind , however , that feasibility alone does not make a policy `` good . '' Examining all criteria is necessary for the implementation of socially responsible policy .   Politics are difficult to predict but it has been said that `` no decision is ever made in complex systems without political feasibility having played some role . ''

neg: 1895 vote of no confidence in the government of Lord Rosebery The vote of no confidence against the government of the Earl of Rosebery of 21 June 1895 , also known as the Cordite vote , was the occasion on which the Liberal Government of the Earl of Rosebery was defeated in a vote of censure by the House of Commons . The motion was to reduce the salary of the Secretary of State for War as a censure over deficient supply of cordite to the Army , and when it was passed the Secretary of State Henry Campbell Bannerman offered his resignation . As Campbell Bannerman was the most popular Minister in a Government which was suffering internal division and whose members had grown tired of office , the Government chose to interpret the issue as one involving confidence in the Government and therefore resigned . The incoming Conservative government soon sought a dissolution of Parliament and won the ensuing general election . The vote is the last time in the History of the British Parliament that a government has been defeated on a confidence motion when it had a workable majority .

neg: Reform of the House of Lords Certain governments in the United Kingdom have , for more than a century , attempted to find a way to reform the House of Lords , the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . This process was started by the Parliament Act 1911 introduced by the then Liberal Government which stated :   ... whereas it is intended to substitute for the House of Lords as it at present exists a Second Chamber constituted on a popular instead of hereditary basis , but such substitution can not be immediately brought into operation   When the Labour Party came to power in the 1997 general election , it had in its manifesto the promise to reform the House of Lords :  The House of Lords must be reformed . As an initial , self-contained reform , not dependent on further reform in the future , the right of hereditary Peers to sit and vote in the House of Lords will be ended by statute . . '' .  The Blair government subsequently passed the House of Lords Act 1999 . On 7 November 2001 the government undertook a public consultation . This helped to create a public debate on the issue of Lords reform , with 1,101 consultation responses and numerous debates in Parliament and the media . However , no consensus on the future of the upper chamber emerged .   All three of the main parties promised to take action on Lords reform in the 2010 general election , and following it the Coalition Agreement included a promise to `` establish a committee to bring forward proposals for a wholly or mainly elected upper chamber on the basis of proportional representation '' . Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg introduced the House of Lords Reform Bill 2012 on 27 June 2012 which built on proposals published on 17 May 2011 . However , this Bill was abandoned by the Government on 6 August 2012 following opposition from within the Conservative Party . A successful attempt to pursue minor reform of the House was made on 14 May 2014 when the House of Lords Reform Act 2014 gained Royal Assent .

neg: Post–World War II demobilization strikes Post -- World War II demobilization strikes occurred within Allied military forces stationed across the Middle East , India and South-East Asia in the months and years following World War II . American military personnel based in occupied Germany were holding mass parades for speedier demobilization and in the Philippines formed soldiers committees and went on demonstrations calling for a return home . In India , thousands of Royal Air Force servicemen pushed for demobilization and went on strike citing grievances over conditions of work such as deaths in high temperatures in Cawnpore ( station : 322 MU Cawnpore ) and overcrowding at RAF Jodhpur . A ` Forces Parliament ' was set up - effectively a workers ' council , but was dissolved before the issues came to a head . The issue was a major subject of debate in the British Parliament . At one point Prime Minister Clement Attlee was presented with a petition by India-stationed servicemen that stated :   `` We have done the job we joined up to do . Now we want to get back home , both for personal reasons and because we think it is by work that we can best help Britain . No indication has been given of when we will see our families again . Is it because the government wishes to talk tough with other powers ? ''   Some brigades in India were disbanded as they were viewed as `` politically unreliable '' suggesting that in event of being used to put down disturbances they would have refused .   The Conservatives demanded to know whether the new Labour government thought there was any difference between a strike and a mutiny . Some ` agitators ' or strike leaders were jailed , but public pressure through MPs led to their early release or reduction in sentences .

neg: Constitutionalization attempts in Iran The Persian Constitutional Revolution was a short-lived push for democratic rule in the form of a constitutional monarchy within a highly elitist yet decentralized society under the Qajars . The mounting disgust amidst the clergy , bazaaris , farmers , intellectuals , and other segments of the populace with respect to the Shah ( s ) ' policies during the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century illustrates a classic example of an environment ripe for protest , as a wide array of people in society felt an increasing need to express their grievances with an oppressive and largely autocratic government .

neg: Sovereign default A sovereign default ( -LSB- ˈsɒvrᵻn , _ - vərᵻn -RSB- ) is the failure or refusal of the government of a sovereign state to pay back its debt in full . Cessation of due payments ( or receivables ) may either be accompanied by formal declaration ( repudiation ) of a government not to pay ( or only partially pay ) its debts , or it may be unannounced . A credit rating agency will take into account in its gradings capital , interest , extraneous and procedural defaults , failures to abide by the terms of bonds or other debt instruments . Countries have at times escaped the real burden of some of their debt through inflation . This is not `` default '' in the usual sense because the debt is honored , albeit with currency of lesser real value . Sometimes governments devalue their currency . This can be done by printing more money to apply toward their own debts , or by ending or altering the convertibility of their currencies into precious metals or foreign currency at fixed rates . Harder to quantify than an interest or capital default , this often is defined as an extraneous or procedural default ( breach ) of terms of the contracts or other instruments .   If potential lenders or bond purchasers begin to suspect that a government may fail to pay back its debt , they may demand a high interest rate in compensation for the risk of default . A dramatic rise in the interest rate faced by a government due to fear that it will fail to honor its debt is sometimes called a sovereign debt crisis . Governments may be especially vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis when they rely on financing through short-term bonds , since this creates a situation of maturity mismatch between their short-term bond financing and the long-term asset value of their tax base .   They may also be vulnerable to a sovereign debt crisis due to currency mismatch : if few bonds in their own currency are accepted abroad , and so the country issues mainly foreign-denominated bonds , decrease in the value of their own currency can make it prohibitively expensive to pay back their foreign-denominated bonds ( see original sin ) .   Since a sovereign government , by definition , controls its own affairs , it can not be obliged to pay back its debt . Nonetheless , governments may face severe pressure from lending countries . In a few extreme cases , a major creditor nation , before the establishment of the UN Charter Article 2 ( 4 ) prohibiting use of force by states , made threats of war or waged war against a debtor nation for failing to pay back debt to seize assets to enforce its creditor 's rights . For example , Britain invaded Egypt in 1882 . Other examples include the United States ' `` gunboat diplomacy '' in Venezuela in the mid-1890s and the United States occupation of Haiti beginning in 1915 .   Today a government which defaults may be widely excluded from further credit , some of its overseas assets may be seized ; and it may face political pressure from its own domestic bondholders to pay back its debt . Therefore , governments rarely default on the entire value of their debt . Instead , they often enter into negotiations with their bondholders to agree on a delay ( debt restructuring ) or partial reduction of their debt ( a ` haircut or write-off ' ) .   Some economists have argued that , in the case of acute insolvency crises , it can be advisable for regulators and supranational lenders to preemptively engineer the orderly restructuring of a nation 's public debt - also called `` orderly default '' or `` controlled default '' . In the case of Greece , these experts generally believe that a delay in organising an orderly default would hurt the rest of Europe even more .   The International Monetary Fund often lends for sovereign debt restructuring . To ensure that funds will be available to pay the remaining part of the sovereign debt , it has made such loans conditional on acts such as reducing corruption , imposing austerity measures such as reducing non-profitable public sector services , raising the tax take ( revenue ) or more rarely suggesting other forms of revenue raising such as nationalization of inept or corrupt but lucrative economic sectors . A recent example is the Greek bailout agreement of May 2010 .

neg: Parliament of Romania The Parliament of Romania ( Parlamentul României ) is the national legislature of Romania , consisting of the Chamber of Deputies ( Camera Deputaților ) , and the Senate ( Senat ) . Its meeting place is at the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest .   Prior to the modification of the Constitution in 2003 , the two houses had identical attributes . A text of a law had to be approved by both houses . If the text differed , a special commission ( comisie de mediere ) was formed by deputies and senators , that `` negotiated '' between the two houses the form of the future law . The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament . After the 2003 referendum , a law still has to be approved by both houses , but each house has designated matters it gets to deliberate before the other , in capacity of `` deciding chamber '' ( cameră decizională ) . If that first chamber adopts a law proposal ( relating to its competences ) , it is passed on to the other one , which can approve or reject . If it makes amendments , the bill is sent back to the deciding chamber , the decision of which is final .   In 2009 , a referendum was held to consult the population about turning the parliament into a unicameral body and reducing the number of representatives to 300 . Although the referendum passed , the results are not binding , a referendum explicitly mentioning the modification of the constitution being required to achieve this .

neg: Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . ''   The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) .   Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council .   The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies .   France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations .   France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .

neg: List of countries with coalition governments A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate . The usual reason given for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the parliament . A coalition government might also be created in a time of national difficulty or crisis , for example during wartime , to give a government the high degree of perceived political legitimacy it desires whilst also playing a role in diminishing internal political strife . In such times , parties have formed all-party coalitions ( national unity governments , grand coalitions ) . If a coalition collapses , a confidence vote is held or a motion of no confidence is taken .   For the purposes of this list , coalitions can come in two forms . The first is produced by two or more parties joining forces after fighting elections separately to form a majority government . However , some coalitions ( or alliances ) are already decided before elections to give the parties the best chance of immediate government after the election .

neg: French presidential elections under the Third Republic French presidential elections under the Third Republic involved the election of the President of France by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate . The President was thus elected by indirect universal suffrage .   Since the Third Republic was a parliamentary system , the President had much fewer powers than under the current Fifth Republic , where the president is elected under universal suffrage . Besides , following the 16 May 1877 crisis , the President was prevented , by custom , from using his right to dissolve parliament . Thus , no president used it after the MacMahon dissolution of 1877 .


query: Kris Wu is a Canadian thespian.

pos: Kris Wu Wu Yifan ( , pronounced -LSB- - cmnu2-i4fan4 -RSB- , ; born November 6 , 1990 ) , professionally known as Kris Wu or Kris , is a Chinese-born Canadian actor , singer , and model . He is active as a solo artist and actor in China and has starred in several # 1 box office hits including Mr. Six and Journey to the West : The Demons Strike Back , which are among the highest-grossing Chinese films of all time in China . He made his Hollywood debut in xXx : Return of Xander Cage ( 2017 ) .

neg: Nick Cheung Nick Cheung Ka-fai ( born 2 December 1964 ) is a Hong Kong actor and director . He is a former Royal Hong Kong Police officer for four years , but he left the job after his request to be transferred to the criminal investigation department was turned down . He then worked for Danny Lee 's film production company . His film debut is `` Thank you , Sir ! '' , as a student at the Royal Hong Kong Cadet School . From 1989 to 1994 , he worked at the television station ATV World . Later , he left ATV and joined another station , TVB . He left TVB in 2004 , and worked mainly on films . His fame was built on Wong Jing 's comedy at first , but he has changed his acting style for more sombre roles since 2003 . He was nominated for his first Hong Kong film award in 1999 , and won his first award in 2009 for his role in Beast Stalker . He has been nominated many times at the Hong Kong Film Awards and other Chinese film awards since then .   Cheung has won seven awards for his role in Beast Stalker ( 2008 ) , including Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor , Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor , and Golden Horse Film Award for Best Actor .   Cheung met Hong Kong actress Esther Kwan while he was still working at ATV . They married on 8 December 2003 in Australia . Their daughter , Brittany Cheung ( 張童 ; Cheung Tung ) , was born on 24 January 2006 .   Cheung earned 75 million HKD in 2014 .

neg: K. C. Collins For the actor with a similar name , see Christopher Collins .   K.C. Collins , also known as Chris Collins , is a Canadian film , voice and television actor .

neg: Wu Dawei Wu Dawei ( -LSB- u tAuei -RSB- , ; born 1946 ) is the special representative for Korean Peninsula Affairs and former Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People 's Republic of China .

neg: Wu Yue (actress) Wu Yue ( ; born 10 April 1976 ) is a Chinese actress , best known in film for portraying Li Weihua in Chrysanthemum Tea , Chen Cuifen in Road to Dawn and Li Lianqiao in Former Wife , and has received critical acclaim for her television work , particularly as Wen Lu in Age of Peace and Dong Guilan in The Great China Earthquake .

neg: Kristiaan Yeo Kristiaan Yeo is a television journalist currently employed by CCTV News for CCTV America , as the network 's Toronto correspondent .   He is the first and only English-language resident correspondent to cover Canada for Chinese state television .

neg: Kris Stewart (director) Kris Stewart is an Australian theatre director and producer .   Stewart was the founding director of the New York Musical Theatre Festival and is the inaugural festival director of The Sydney Fringe festival . He is also the resident director of the Australian production of the musical Wicked .

neg: Margot Kidder Margaret Ruth `` Margot '' Kidder ( born October 17 , 1948 ) is a Canadian American actress and activist . She rose to fame in 1978 for her role as Lois Lane in the Superman film series , opposite Christopher Reeve . Kidder began her career in the 1960s appearing in low-budget Canadian films and television series , before landing a lead role in Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx ( 1970 ) .   She then appeared playing Siamese twins in Brian De Palma 's cult thriller Sisters ( 1973 ) ; in the slasher film Black Christmas ( 1974 ) ; and the drama The Great Waldo Pepper ( 1975 ) , opposite Robert Redford . Her performance as Kathy Lutz in the blockbuster horror film The Amityville Horror ( 1979 ) gained her further mainstream exposure .   After a highly publicized manic episode and nervous breakdown in 1996 , Kidder 's career began to slow . By the 2000s , however , she had maintained steady work in independent films as well as television , with guest-starring roles on Smallville , Brothers & Sisters , and The L Word . In 2015 , she won an Emmy Award for her performance on the children 's television series R.L. Stine 's The Haunting Hour . She has also acted in theatrical productions , most notably appearing on Broadway in a 2002 production of The Vagina Monologues .   In 2005 , Kidder became a naturalized U.S. citizen . She is an outspoken political , environmental , and anti-war activist . She has also advocated the use of orthomolecular medicine , which she credits as having helped treat her bipolar disorder .

neg: Frank C. Turner Francis Charles Turner ( born June 2 , 1951 ) is an actor and iconographer born in Wainwright , Alberta and now living in BC . He received his theatrical training at the University of Alberta , graduating in 1975 with a BFA in acting . For the first few years after graduation he acted in theatres across western Canada and Ontario . In 1983 he moved to Vancouver , BC and has worked mainly in film since then . In 2003 he appeared as George Bernard Shaw in debate with G. K. Chesterton on G. K. CHESTERTON : THE APOSTLE OF COMMON SENSE with EWTN , a performance previously given in Calgary , and St. Paul , Minnesota . In 1991 he began studying iconography under Vladislav Andreyev . A frequent attendee of the Mount Angel Iconography Institute where he studied with Charles Rohrbacher , Mary Katsilometes , Claudia Coos , and Cathy Sievers ; more recently he studied in Cottonwood , Idaho with Father Gianluca Busi from Bologna . In 2007 , he spent six weeks in Bologna painting and being immersed in Catholic iconography . Along with Chris Kielsinki and Michal Janek , Frank was a founding member of Epiphany Sacred Arts Guild , and served as its president for ten years . He also served on the curriculum advisory board of Living Water College of the Arts . Married in 1976 , he has four children .   He has appeared in numerous films , made-for-television films , television shows , and plays .

neg: CBC Film Festival CBC Film Festival is a Canadian feature film television series which aired on CBC Television from 1979 to 1980 .

neg: Wuhua dialect Wuhua is a major dialect of Hakka Chinese . It is characterized by the pronunciation of many voiced Middle Chinese qu-sheng ( 4th Tone ) syllables of Moiyen dialect in the shang-sheng ( 3rd Tone ) . The tone-level of the yin-ping is a rising / 13 / , / 35 / or / 24 / instead of the low-level / 11 / usually found in Meixian . In Wuhua-dialect-related areas of Northern Bao'an and Eastern Dongguan the same Meixian dialect tone level of the yang-ping is found , 2 sets of fricatives and affricates ( z , c , s , zh , ch , sh , s / ts ' / s , -LSB- ts -RSB- , -LSB- tsh -RSB- , -LSB- s -RSB- and -LSB- ts -RSB- , -LSB- tsh -RSB- , -LSB- s -RSB- and -LSB- tʃ -RSB- , -LSB- tʃh -RSB- , -LSB- ʃ -RSB- ) appear , similar to Mandarin . Also distinctive are the `` y '' final found in the Yuebei ( Northern Guangdong ) Hakka group and Sichuan group , and retroflexed initials in ( Zhi series ) `` Knowledge '' , ( Xiao group ) `` Dawn '' , part of ( Xi ) `` Brook '' , poor usage of medials in Grade III and closed finals . Wuhua dialect exhibits `` latter-word '' tone sandhi . Phonologically Wuhua exhibits a north -- south separation while lexically it also exhibits an east - and middle-Guangdong separation , showing relatedness to inland and coastal Hakka dialects . `` Lexically it shows east-west separation in Wuhua , which is quite different from the phonological point of view . And outwardly , lexicons in Wuhua show that Wuhua dialect is on the diglossia that separates east and middle Guangdong , and that distinguishes coast-side dialects from inland ones . '' Wuhua dialect is transitional , no matter how we see it historically or geographically . Otherwise the Wuhua Hakka dialect is very similar to the prestige Moiyen ( Meixian ) Hakka dialect .   -LSB- the Wuhua patoi merges Yangqu with the Shang tone instead , so that voiced characters of MC departing tones have the Shang tone , not Qu . Besides , the Meixian group has a Yangping tone value of 11 , but Wuhua has the value of 35 or 24 . Most varieties of Jiaying SubDialect -LSB- Tue-Tai -RSB- belong to the Meixian patoi , but those in northern Guangdong and Sichuan and some dialects in western Guangdong belong to the Wuhua patoi . -RSB-   Wuhua can be found in Wuhua County , Jiexi County , Northern Bao'An ( formerly Xin ` An ( Sin-On ) , presently called Shenzhen ) , Eastern Dongguan , in Yuebei or Northern Guangdong around Shaoguan , in Sichuan and Tonggu , Jiangxi . All of these places have the tonal characteristics of Wuhua .   Taiwan as well abides Wuhua Hakka people who came from south Wuhua County in the Qing dynasty . Taiwan Wuhua has changed much in initials , finals , and lexicons , possessing much similarity with neighboring Sixian and Hailu Dialects . Only tones conserve as in Guangdong . Languages tend to assimilate with authoritative ones , and we see this in Wuhua dialect of Taiwan .   Yuebei group , which is the most dominant dialect in the rural area in Northern Guangdong around Shaoguan . ( c. 2M speakers )   Jiexihua , spoken by the inhabitants in the Jiexi county , Guangdong Province . ( c. 0.5 M speakers )   Dongguan Hakka , spoken by Hakka inhabitants in the Eastern part of Dongguan county and extreme North of Bao'an county . This accent has the Yangping as a level tone of value 11 . ( c. 60T speakers )   Sichuan group or `` Tu-Guangdonghua '' , spoken by the `` Guangdong migrants '' in Sichuan ( c. 1-2M speakers )   Tongguhua , spoken by the people in and around Tonggu county , Jiangxi Province . ( c. 1M speakers )   The Wuhua Dialect in The County itself has three accents , the North Accent , represented by Huacheng , also called Changle Accent , -LSB- huá chéng , qí lǐng -RSB- , The Central Accent , represented by Shuizai Town , also called Lowland Accent , -LSB- tán xià , zhuǎn shuǐ , héng bēi , shuǐ zhài , hédōng , guō tián -RSB- , The Western Accent represented by Changbu and Datian , also called the Changbu-Datian Accent -LSB- zhǎng bù , dàtián -RSB- , and The Southern Accent , Represented by An Liu Market Town , also called Upland-Highland Accent . -LSB- ān liú , zhōu jiāng , shuāng huá , méilín , huáyáng , mián yáng ,  lóngcūn -RSB- .

neg: Kris Lefcoe Kris Lefcoe is a Canadian film writer and director based in New York City . Born in Montreal , Quebec , Lefcoe graduated from the University of Toronto with a degree in philosophy , before attending Norman Jewison 's Canadian Film Centre as a Director Resident . Many of Lefcoe 's films are dark comedies about contemporary culture .   Kris Lefcoe wrote , directed and produced the feature film Public Domain , starring Don McKellar , Nicole DeBoer ( The Dead Zone ) and Jason Jones ( The Daily Show ) . Public Domain premiered at South by Southwest film festival and won the Audience Award for Best Feature at the Beverly Hills Film Festival . Public Domain was featured in a curated program at Art Basel Miami Beach .   Lefcoe wrote and directed a number of notable short films , including Can I Get a Witness ? , starring Scott Speedman , which premiered at Toronto International Film Festival , Symptomology of a Rock Band , about the Grammy-nominated band Crash Test Dummies , and Tiny Riot Project , which screened at Rotterdam Film Festival and was sold to The Sundance Channel .   Kris Lefcoe has directed numerous music videos , including Best Music Video at Ottawa International Animation Festival .

neg: Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .

neg: Kreesha Turner Kreesha Turner ( born June 10 , 1985 ) is a Canadian/Jamaican recording artist and songwriter , born in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada . Raised in both Canada and Jamaica , she began her musical career after a successful audition with Virgin Records . She signed a record deal with the Capitol Music Group , under which the Virgin imprint operates . Concurrently , EMI Music Canada signed her in order to more effectively tap into the Canadian market .   She has released two albums in Canada . Her first album Passion ( 2008 ) spawned singles `` Bounce With Me , '' `` Lady Killer '' and `` Do n't Call Me Baby '' . The latter became the # 1 most played song ( by a Canadian ) on Canadian radio in 2008 and became her very first number one single on Billboards U.S. Hot Dance Club Play . During this year , she was nominated for two Juno Awards for `` Best New Artist '' and `` Best Pop Album of The Year . '' Her second double disc studio album , Tropic Electric ( 2011 ) saw Turner alter her public image and return to her original sound . She released three moderately successful singles `` Rock Paper Scissors , '' `` I Could Stay , '' and `` Love Again . '' which gained her another Juno Award Nomination for `` Best R&B Album . ''   Turner is currently finished recording her third album entitled Evolution Inevitable with a new direction of her sound infused with Dancehall , Hip Hop and R&B .   Throughout Turner 's career , she has been well known for her style and image . She 's been ranked on Complex magazine list of `` 25 Sexiest International Singers You 've Never Heard Of '' and Much Music 's `` Sexiest Girls list '' in 2008 . She has been featured on multiple major Canadian magazine covers and starred in a national Kit Kat campaign . Her music has been featured on major network television shows such as , `` Entourage '' , `` Desperate Housewives '' , `` Ugly Betty '' , `` Gossip Girl '' , `` The Hills '' , `` Keeping Up With the Kardashians '' , `` Smash '' , `` Lipstick Jungle '' and `` Brothers & Sisters '' .

neg: Fairchild TV Fairchild TV or FTV is a Canadian Cantonese language Category A specialty channel . It is co-owned by majority owner Fairchild Media Group ( a subsidiary of the Fairchild Group ) and Television Broadcasts Limited which owns 20 % of the business . Fairchild TV has studios in the Greater Toronto Area ( Richmond Hill , Ontario ) and Metro Vancouver ( inside Aberdeen Centre in Richmond , British Columbia ) .

neg: To Whom It May Concern: Ka Shen's Journey To Whom It May Concern : Ka Shen 's Journey is a 2009 docudrama about actress Nancy Kwan . Directed and written by former Warner Bros. executive Brian Jamieson , the film depicts Kwan 's meteoric rise to fame when she was selected to star in the 1960 film The World of Suzie Wong and the 1961 film Flower Drum Song . In an era when White people played the Asian roles in Hollywood , Kwan 's achievement was groundbreaking . The film portrays Kwan 's being cast for inconspicuous roles after her early success .   To Whom It May Concern was filmed in locations in several countries , including Cambodia , Hong Kong , and the United States . In Cambodia 's 12th-century temple Angkor Wat , Kwan grapples with the death of her son , Bernie Pock , from AIDS at the age of 33 in 1996 .   The film is being screened in film festivals internationally . It was awarded `` Best Feature Documentary '' by American International Film Festival and WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival . Reviewers praised the documentary for its judicious use of archival footage and poignant interviews with Kwan . Several reviewers characterized the clips of Kwan 's watching `` The World of Suzie Wong '' as unnecessary and unpolished .

neg: Krista Muir Krista Muir is a Canadian indie rock singer-songwriter . She initially used the stage name and persona of Lederhosen Lucil , but in 2007 , she also began recording and performing under her own name .   Muir was born in Kingston , Ontario , and went to University in Montreal , Quebec . As a child she took piano lessons and listened to music such as The Ramones , The Clash and The Pet Shop Boys . She also watched the television show Pee Wee 's Playhouse almost religiously and regards Pee Wee Herman as one of her greatest idols .   She plays two vintage Yamaha keyboards while singing to produce a variety of music stylings .

neg: Albert M. Chan Albert M. Chan ( born October 1 , 1975 ) is a Canadian actor and filmmaker based in the United States .

neg: Calgary Underground Film Festival The Calgary Underground Film Festival ( CUFF ) is a film festival held annually in Calgary , Alberta , Canada for 7 days . The 13th CUFF will take place April 11-17 , 2016 at Globe Cinema in downtown Calgary .   Founded in 2003 , Calgary Underground Film Festival is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to programming films that defy convention . Through the screening of contemporary works in various categories that include : feature , documentary , animation and shorts - CUFF brings Calgarians a unique roster of films rarely seen in North American theatres .   CUFF actively look to showcase titles in all genres , from horror , sci-fi and fantasy to comedies , thrillers and music-related films . In addition to finding great films CUFF is committed to introducing audiences to the people behind the lens , by showcasing local and international indie filmmakers . The organizers are proud to contribute to Calgary 's thriving arts community and are thrilled to bring innovative and challenging selections to all film enthusiasts .   CUFF currently has two annual festivals . The main Calgary Underground Film Festival runs for 7-days in mid-April ; CUFF.Docs International Documentary Festival is in November . In addition , CUFF showcases special event screenings throughout the year .

neg: John Douglas Smith John Douglas Smith ( born 4 August 1966 ) is a Canadian sound editor .   In 2004 he won an Emmy Award for the television programme Hitler : The Rise of Evil .

neg: Jade Wu Jade Wu ( born January 5 , 1953 ) is an Asian American actress , playwright , producer , director , editor and accomplished figure of the arts . She is the granddaughter of critically acclaimed Chinese actor and director , Yuanlong Wang famous for his work in Hong Kong , China and Taiwan . Throughout the course of her career , Wu has notably worked for the ABC daytime drama series General Hospital and One Life to Live while also working as a fellow writer for Disney . She has scripted and directed many documentary films that have screened at the IFP Market , Asian American International Film Festival , Sundance Producers Conference , and the Anthology Film Archives in New York City . As a writer she has also had her own plays read at prestigious outings and settings such as the Santa Clara Experimental Theater Festival and La Jolla Studio Stage . Proving herself to be rather multi talented , Wu has also served as a National Endowment for the Arts Panelist , New York State Council on the Arts , Individual Artist Grant Panelist and has served as an international Emmy Awards Juror , as well .