query: Jemaine Clement refused to learn to play any instruments.

pos: Jemaine Clement Jemaine Clement ( born 10 January 1974 ) is a New Zealand comedian , actor , voice actor , singer , writer , director , and multi-instrumentalist , known as one half of the musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords along with Bret McKenzie .

neg: My Darling Clementine (band) My Darling Clementine is a British country music duo who set out in 2010 in Birmingham .

neg: The Chesterfields The Chesterfields were an English indie pop band from Yeovil in Somerset . Hardcore fans tended to refer to them as `` The Chesterf!elds '' , with an exclamation mark replacing the `` i '' , following the example of the band 's logo .   The band was formed in summer 1984 by Dave Goldsworthy ( vocals , guitar ) , Simon Barber ( bass , vocals ) , and Dominic Manns ( drums ) , joined in 1985 by Brendan Holden ( guitar ) . Early recordings included contributions to the Golden Pathway tapes , that captured the West Country music scene of the time , such as `` Stephanie Adores '' and `` The Boy Who Sold His Suitcase '' , the latter with a female lead singer , Sarah .   The first vinyl release was as one half of a flexi disc ; `` Nose out of Joint '' shared a single side with The Shop Assistants ' `` Home Again '' , and was given away free with copies of London 's Legend fanzine and future Subway Organisation boss , Martin Whitehead 's own Bristol fanzine .   They signed to The Subway Organization , releasing three well-received singles , before Holden was replaced by Rodney Allen . The debut LP Kettle was released in July 1987 , with a compilation of the early singles , Westward Ho ! issued later the same year . Allen left to join The Blue Aeroplanes , to be replaced temporarily by Andy Strickland of The Loft/The Caretaker Race , before a more permanent replacement was found in the form of Simon Barber 's brother Mark .   The band then moved to their own Household label , issuing two more singles and a third album , Crocodile Tears . Manns left and was replaced by future PJ Harvey drummer Rob Ellis but when Goldsworthy departed in late 1988 the band effectively split . The Barber brothers continued as The Chesterfields for a final single , `` Fool Is The Man '' in 1989 .   The band split for good in the summer of 1989 , Simon Barber forming Basinger , and Mark Barber joined Grape . Goldsworthy fronted several more bands , including Furnt , Diceman and Mujer 21 ( Band ) . The Chesterfields reformed briefly in the 1990s to tour Japan after their material was re-issued there . Dave Goldsworthy ( Davy Chesterfield ) was killed by a hit & run driver in Oxford , UK , on 9 November 2004 .   The band 's continuing fanbase saw much of their back-catalogue re-issued by Vinyl Japan in the 1990s .   In June 2014 to celebrate the legendary NME C86 tape , Design ( fronted by Barber ) along with Andy Strickland of The Loft/The Caretaker Race played a set of songs by The Chesterfields at the 92 Club in London . Following the success of The Chesterfields set at the NME C86 gig , Design continued to play classic Chesterfields songs such as ` Johnny Dee ' , ` Lunchtime for the Wild Youth ' and ` Last Train to Yeovil ' throughout 2014 & 2015 .   In 2016 , The Chesterfields with their new line up of Simon Barber , Andy Strickland , Helen Stickland and Rob Parry played Exeter 's Cavern Club and The 100 Club in London , with further gigs announced including a return to Yeovil with The Haywains . The Chesterfields have been announced as playing the NYC Popfest in New York , from 19 -- 22 May 2016 to coincide with a new EP release , the title of which is still to be confirmed at this time .

neg: Incorporated Society of Musicians The Incorporated Society of Musicians ( ISM ) is the UK 's professional body for musicians , a subject association for music education and is an independent non profit-making organisation .   The ISM was set up in 1882 to promote the importance of music and protect the rights of those working within music . It is an independent , not-for-profit membership organisation which now has approximately 7,600 individual members and over 160 corporate members . It protects and supports its members by providing them with expert advice , insurance and specialist services as well as access to a community of like-minded professionals and the status that comes with being a member of a professional body .   Members of the ISM come from all over the music profession and from a variety of different musical backgrounds . The membership also includes recent graduates and part-time and full-time music students .   The ISM also campaigns for the rights of all musicians and in support of the music profession .

neg: CM (school) CM is a youth and community music organisation in England .   CM was set up as Community Music in 1983 by John Stevens and Dave O'Donnell . Dedicated to the creation of new music through structured access and artist development . It works as an alternative to mainstream provision by targeting young people who do not have the opportunity to learn and musicians who do not have recognised qualifications .   Jazz saxophonist Courtney Pine started his music career at Community Music when he was 19 years old .   Asian Dub Foundation was formed in 1993 at the Community Music centre . Their 2000 album was named Community Music .

neg: A minor A minor ( abbreviated Am ) is a minor scale based on A , with the pitches A , B , C , D , E , F , and G. Its key signature has no flats and no sharps ( see below : Scales and keys ) . However the harmonic minor scale raises the G to G.   A minor 's relative major is C major , and its parallel major is A major .   Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary .   Johann Joachim Quantz considered A minor , along with C minor , much more suitable for expressing `` the sad effect '' than other minor keys ( Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversiere zu spielen ) .   Whereas traditionally key signatures were cancelled with naturals whenever the new key signature had fewer sharps or flats than the old key signature , or had flats instead of sharps or vice versa ( so , for example , D major changing to D minor would be notated with a key signature of F , C , and B at the change ) , in modern popular and commercial music , cancellation is only done when C major or A minor replaces another key .

neg: Music store A music store or musical instrument store is a retail business that sells musical instruments and related equipment and accessories . In United States and Canada , most music stores in the 2010s sell a range of electric instruments ( e.g. , electric guitars ) , instrument amplifiers ( e.g. , guitar amplifiers ) ; electronic instruments ( e.g. , synthesizers ) ; drum kits ( including drums , cymbals and percussion instruments ) and acoustic classical , concert band and jazz musical instruments such as saxophones , trumpets and violins . In addition , stores typically sell ( and sometimes rent ) the sound reinforcement system and PA system gear used in live concert performances and the sound recording equipment used to record music , such as microphones and digital recorders .   In the 2010s , music stores can be `` bricks and mortar '' stores ( either individual small businesses or chain stores , which may be a regional or national chain ) ; online musical instrument stores , which consist of a website describing the merchandise , various online payment systems , and shipping or delivery systems ; or hybrid stores that have both `` bricks and mortar '' stores and an online store . Some `` bricks and mortar '' music stores also provide services for a fee , such as music lessons , musical instrument repair and guitar amplifier repair .

neg: Jemima Surrender `` Jemima Surrender '' is a song written by Levon Helm and Robbie Robertson . It was first released on the Band 's self-titled album in 1969 . Usual Band drummer Levon Helm sang the lead vocal and played guitar while usual Band pianist Richard Manuel played drums . The song 's lasciviousness helped inspire Naomi Weisstein to form the Chicago Women 's Liberation Rock Band .

neg: The Zimmers The Zimmers are an English band formed in 2007 and are thought to have the oldest members of any group in the world . The oldest member , Buster Martin , claimed to have been born in 1906 , although some sources indicate he was born in 1913 . Martin died in 2011 . Former lead singer Alf Carretta died on 29 June 2010 , aged 93 . The group takes its name from the Zimmer frame , the UK term for a mobility aid known in other countries as a walker .   The band was created as a feature in a BBC Television documentary which aired on 28 May 2007 . The feature of forming the band and recording a single was intended to give a voice to the feelings of isolation and imprisonment suffered by the elderly . The Zimmers ' logo is a parody of The Beatles ' logo , as is the image of them walking across Abbey Road .   On 7 April 2012 , the band performed the Beastie Boys ' '' ( You Got ta ) Fight for Your Right ( To Party ! ) '' on Britain 's Got Talent . The band toured in 2013 , performing in Warrington on 25 May that year .

neg: Dub music Dub is a genre of music that grew out of reggae in the 1960s , and is commonly considered a subgenre , though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae . Music in this genre consists predominantly of instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings , usually by removing the vocals from an existing music piece , and emphasizing the drum and bass parts ( this stripped-down track is sometimes referred to as a riddim ) . Other techniques include dynamically adding extensive echo , reverb , panoramic delay , and occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works . It was an early form of popular electronic music .   Dub was pioneered by Osbourne `` King Tubby '' Ruddock , Lee `` Scratch '' Perry , Errol Thompson and others in the late 1960s . Augustus Pablo is credited with bringing the melodica to dub , and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre . Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside of the dancehall environment were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy . These producers , especially Ruddock and Perry , looked upon the mixing console as an instrument , manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different .  Dub has influenced many genres of music , including rock ( most significantly the subgenre of post-punk and other kinds of punk ) , pop , hip hop , disco , and later house , techno , ambient , electronic dance music , and trip hop . Dub has become a basis for the genres of jungle and drum and bass Traditional dub has survived , and some of the originators , such as Lee `` Scratch '' Perry and Mad Professor , continue to produce new material .

neg: Tender Trap Tender Trap is an indie rock/twee pop band , based in London ( UK ) , formed in 2001 by three of the five members of Marine Research - Amelia Fletcher , Rob Pursey , and John Downfall .   Amelia Fletcher and Rob Pursey were previously in the twee pop band Heavenly , and some have seen Tender Trap as representing a return to the pop aesthetic of that earlier band . On their first , electronically slanted album Film Molecules , the songs demonstrate an eclectic mix of musical styles , with a clear nod to the similarly eclectic approach taken by The Magnetic Fields on their 69 Love Songs album .   The band 's initial intention was to be a recording outfit only , due to their hatred of transporting drums from place to place . They compromised by playing live but using a CD player for backing beats . Additional live performers have included Claudia Gonson ( of The Magnetic Fields ) on drums , and Lupe Núñez-Fernández of Pipas and Amor de Días , who was a guest vocalist on the Language Lessons EP and the second album 6 Billion People .   After a quiet 2007-2008 , Tender Trap reformed at the beginning of 2009 as a five piece , with additional members Elizabeth Morris ( also in Allo Darlin ' ) on guitar and vocals and Katrina Dixon ( formerly of Police Cat , Sally Skull and The Garden City Project ) on drums and vocals . They performed on the main stage at Indietracks festival in Derbyshire in July 2009 and the indoor stage in July 2010 . Elizabeth Morris left to concentrate on Allo Darlin ' in August 2010 and Emily Bennett ( Betty And The Werewolves ) joined the following month on guitar and vocals .   In 2010 , Tender Trap released Dansette Dansette , an album that finds Fletcher working with `` up-and-coming British indie luminaries , rediscovering her musical beginnings , and continuing to incorporate and impart feminist consciousness through sharp , yet tender , pop songs ''   As of 2014 , the band is on indefinite hiatus , and Fletcher and Pursey now perform as The Catenary Wires .

neg: Mark Feltham (musician) Mark Feltham ( born 20 October 1955 , Bermondsey , Southwark , London ) is an English musician best known for his harmonica playing . Feltham is a long term member of the British rhythm and blues band Nine Below Zero , and Rory Gallagher 's band ; and is often used as a session musician .   In an interview on the South Bank Show broadcast in 1981 , Nine Below Zero guitarist and singer Dennis Greaves noted that Feltham 's ` nan ' had played the harmonica and his dad bought him his first instrument . Greaves noted that Feltham had been playing in his bedroom for 11 years but had given the instrument up for a time before joining Nine Below Zero , his first band , and that when he joined he did n't know how to play through a microphone or what an amplifier was . Greaves also noted that Feltham studied the music of Little Walter , Charlie McCoy and Junior Wells .

neg: The Earlies The Earlies are a band formed by Christian Madden and Giles Hatton from Lancashire , England , and Brandon Carr and John Mark Lapham from the United States . They are notable for blending elements from a wide range of musical genres and have been described as both `` a very English kind of folk-psychedelia ... with a smattering of Beach Boys harmonies '' by The Independent , and `` country-meets-prog-meets-electronica symphonies '' by The Guardian .   In the late 1990s , prior to his Earlies days , Lapham released ambient electronic music , under the name Autio , on Manchester record label Beatnik Records . Hatton recorded as Atomic Clock for the same label .   The band are notable for using a large live line-up consisting of 11 members who play an eclectic range of instruments , including flute , tuba , cello , turntable and synthesizer , alongside the more traditional rock instruments . The full line-up of the band last played live headlining the Green Man Festival in 2007 .   Carr went took an indefinite break from the band to teach at ATEMS High School in Abilene , Texas .   In 2015 , after a long hiatus , The Earlies returned with new material and scheduled live appearances . The band will be performing a one-off festival show at the fifth Cloudspotting Festival in England , followed by a short tour of the UK in the last week of July . A new EP , Message from Home , is also expected in 2015 .

neg: Ian Shaw (singer) Ian Shaw ( born 2 June 1962 ) is a Welsh jazz singer , record producer , and stand up comedian .   Shaw was born in St. Asaph , Wales , and took his music degree at the University of London . His career in performance began in the 1980s on the Alternative Cabaret Circuit , alongside such performers as Julian Clary , Rory Bremner , and Jo Brand . At the same time , he was playing in piano bars and at festivals in London and throughout Europe .   In 1990 he toured Europe and recorded with fellow singer Carol Grimes . Since this time , Shaw has regularly worked in duo settings with other singers , including Claire Martin , Linda Lewis , Liane Carroll , and Sarah Jane Morris . By the mid-1990s , he was regularly performing at the Ronnie Scott 's Jazz Club and in 1995 released two albums on the club 's Jazzhouse label : Ghosthouse and a tribute to Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart Taking It to Hart . In 1996 , Shaw led his own ` Very Big Band ' on a UK tour , and by the late 1990s he was performing regularly in the U.S. . In 1999 , he released In a New York Minute , the first of two albums on New York 's Milestone Records label . This and Soho Stories , released in 2001 , featured American musicians , including Cedar Walton , Lew Soloff , and Eric Alexander . On the album A World Still Turning ( 2003 ) , he worked with Billy Childs and Peter Washington , and guest vocalist Mark Murphy .   Shaw has continued to work regularly with singer Claire Martin , co-hosting the 2004 BBC Jazz Awards with her and appearing with her on the BBC Radio 2 show Big Band Special , a show that he has also presented . Shaw also presented a jazz show on BBC South with Charlie Crocker . He won in the Best Jazz Vocalist category at the BBC Jazz Awards in 2004 and 2007 .   A 2006 album on Linn Records saw Shaw paying tribute to songwriter Joni Mitchell . Drawn to All Things was followed in 2008 by an autobiographical album , Lifejacket , which showcased his songwriting for the first time . Somewhere Towards Love from 2009 was an intimate album of voice and piano release by Splashpoint Records . The title song , written again by Shaw , was chosen by Molly Parkin as one of her Desert Island Discs . In 2011 , Splashpoint released The Abbey Road Sessions where Shaw is again joined by a band , this time including bass player , Peter Ind. . Shaw has continued to perform regularly at festivals and jazz clubs in the UK , including regular shows at the Vortex Jazz Club , Ronnie Scott 's , 606 Club and the PizzaExpress Jazz Club . International appearances have included Canada , U.S. , Dubai , Belarus , France , Italy , and Germany .   As an actor , Shaw performed in Jerry Springer : The Opera in the role of warm-up man/devil , which was created for him by Richard Thomas . In 2005 , Shaw appeared as Percy in the film Pierrepoint .

neg: Backing vocalist Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists . In some cases , a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist 's entry or to sing a counter-melody . Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music , traditional music and world music styles .   Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts . In many rock and metal bands ( e.g. , the power trio ) , the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments , such as guitar , electric bass , drums , or keyboards . In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups , backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing . In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater , the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones .   The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song and the genre of music the band plays . In pop and country songs , backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist . In hardcore punk or rockabilly , other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus ( refrain ) section of the songs .

neg: Jem (given name) Jem is a given name , sometimes as a nickname for James , Jeremiah , Jeremy or Jemma , and sometimes as an anglicized version of the Turkish name Cem .   Those bearing it include :   Jem Belcher ( 1781-1811 ) , English bare-knuckle boxer  Jem Cohen , American filmmaker  Jem Finer ( born 1955 ) , English musician , artist and composer , a founding member of the Pogues  Jem Karacan , English footballer  Jem Mace ( 1831-1910 ) , English bare-knuckle boxer  Jem Smith , boxer  Jem Stansfield ( born 1975 ) , inventor and television presenter  Jem Ward ( 1800-1884 ) , English bare-knuckle boxer

neg: All the Young All the Young ( formerly called ` New Education ' ) is a four-piece indie rock band from Stoke-on-Trent , UK . Led by Ryan Dooley ( singer/songwriter ) and his younger brother Jack Dooley ( bass/vocals ) , the band have so far toured with Morrissey , Kaiser Chiefs , The 1975 , The Courteeners and Hard-Fi , and played headline shows in the UK , Holland , France , Switzerland , Germany , Poland , Iceland , Luxembourg , Spain and Australia .   They released their debut album ` Welcome Home ' in April 2012 , which they recorded with Garth Richardson at his farm studios in Vancouver , Canada . The album was mixed by Rich Costey . It debuted at number 41 on the UK Albums Chart , peaking at number 32 during the midweek chart update . It was named on XFM 's ` Best Albums of 2012 ' list .   On 25 July 2013 , the band announced via their social media channels that drummer Will Heaney had left due to personal reasons.Guitarist David Cartwright left shortly after .   In December 2013 , All the Young announced brand new single ` You & I ' , released exclusively for Manchester United documentary film The Class of ' 92 .   Hiatus   On 5 March 2014 , Ryan and Jack Dooley announced that they would be taking a break from All the Young for the ` foreseeable future ' , citing their struggle to replace original members Will Heaney and David Cartwright as the main reason . Ryan has since launched a solo career whilst Jack sings and plays guitar in his own band , Broken Flags .

neg: Organist An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ . An organist may play solo organ works , play with an ensemble or orchestra , or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists . In addition , an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music .

neg: Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness .   In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained :   `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' .   When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers .  There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere .   Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues .   What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . ''   Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad .   The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana .   The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance .   The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .

neg: London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) is a drama school situated in the west of London , United Kingdom . LAMDA is the oldest drama school in the UK .   LAMDA 's president is Timothy West and its Principal is Joanna Read ( who succeeded Peter James in 2010 ) . In recent years , over 98 % of LAMDA 's stage management and technical theatre graduates have found work in their chosen field within weeks of graduation and the Academy 's graduates work regularly at the Royal National Theatre , the Royal Shakespeare Company , Shakespeare 's Globe , London 's West End and Hollywood as well as on the BBC , HBO and Broadway . It is registered as a company under the name LAMDA Ltd and as a charity under its trading name London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art . There is an associate organisation in America under the name LAMDA in America , Inc. , previously known as The American Friends of LAMDA .   LAMDA examinations in the fields of speech , drama , communication and performance taken by external students are recognised by Ofqual , the regulator in England and its counterparts in Wales and Northern Ireland . LAMDA accredited examinations at Level 3 or above are recognised within the UCAS Tariff system .   As an affiliate of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama , LAMDA receives funding from the Higher Education Funding Council for England ( HEFCE ) . This means that eligible UK/EU students are able to access loans to assist with their tuition fees and maintenance costs . In addition , LAMDA and the Conservatoire have a range of scholarships and bursaries available .

neg: Clementine (software) Clementine is a cross-platform free and open source music player and library organizer . It is a port of Amarok 1.4 to the Qt 4 framework and the GStreamer multimedia framework . It is available for Unix-like , Windows and macOS . Clementine is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License .   Clementine was created due to the transition from version 1.4 to version 2 of Amarok , and the shift of focus connected with it , which was criticized by many users . The first version of Clementine was released in February 2010 .


query: Miss Selfridge began in a corpse.

pos: Miss Selfridge Miss Selfridge is a nationwide UK high street store which began as the young fashion section of Selfridges department store in London in 1966 . Miss Selfridge got its name when Charles Clore , the owner of Selfridges at the time , saw a window display in the Bonwit Teller store in New York City which showed `` Miss Bonwit '' dresses aimed specifically at teenagers . He later launched it throughout his Lewis 's & Selfridges stores throughout the UK

neg: Anticipatory grief Anticipatory grief refers to a grief reaction that occurs before an impending loss . Typically , the impending loss is a death of someone close due to illness but it can also be experienced by dying individuals themselves . The anticipated death can also be from non-illness-related causes such as high suicide lethality , high-risk lifestyle or gang involvement , or from non-death-related losses such as scheduled mastectomy , pending divorce , company downsizing or war .   The five stages ( denial , bargaining , depression , anger and acceptance ) proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her model of grief to describe the process by which people cope after a loss can also be present in anticipatory grief . Anxiety , dread , guilt , helplessness , hopelessness , and feeling overwhelmed are also common . However , it is important to note that anticipatory grief is not simply normal grief begun earlier .   Features identified specifically with anticipatory grief include heightened concern for the dying person , rehearsal of the death and attempts to adjust to the consequences of the death . The period can allow people to resolve issues with the dying person and to say goodbye . It may provide some sense of orientation and access to the grieving process . For some , it prompts conscious closure before the end/loss .   Grief happening prior to a loss presents a compounding issue of isolation because of a lack of social acceptance . Anticipatory grief does n't usually take the place of post-loss grief : there is not a fixed amount of grief to be experienced , so grief experienced before the loss does not necessarily reduce grief after the death . However , there may be little grieving after the loss due to anticipatory grief .   How often anticipatory grief occurs is a subject of some controversy . For example , a study of widows found that they stayed with their husbands until the death and could only mourn once the death had occurred . Researchers suggest that to start to grieve as though the loss has already happened can leave the bereaved feeling guilt for partially abandoning the patient .   Many family members can find themselves in a caregiving role during their loved one 's process of death . During the progression of the illness , the security and protectiveness of the caregiver also increases . Bouchal , Rallison and Sinclair discuss that , `` the strong need to offer protection was part of the anticipatory mourning experience of striving to be with in the present '' ( 2015 ) .   In the process of anticipatory grief , family members also begin to prepare and reflect on how their lives will be once their loved one passes . There are many ways in which to perform reflection . These ways include : `` ... reading , journaling , thinking , and reflecting about how life might be like without their partner . '' The journal also expands on the premise that the preparation process is not an individual process . Those who are affected by the impending death often look towards one another for support as well as others who are involved in care such as nurses and social workers ( Bouchal et al. , 2015 ) .   A direct correlation exists between anticipatory grieving and the caregiver 's quality of life . In a quantitative study conducted by Al-Gamal and Long , the effect of a pediatric cancer diagnosis on parents had a negative impact on the majority of study participants . More specifically , parents reported experiencing increasing stress and a decrease in physical and mental health -- all of which affect the process of anticipatory grief ( 2010 ) .   Ultimately , anticipatory grieving is an extremely dynamic process that differs between individuals . The outcomes of the grieving process depend on the preparation of death and the anticipatory grief process .

neg: Public health funeral Public health funerals are funerals in the United Kingdom paid for by the local authority , where the relatives are either unwilling or unable to pay , or where no relatives can be found .   Public health funerals are governed by the Public Health ( Control of Disease ) Act 1984 . Such funerals are commonly termed `` state funerals '' , `` contract funerals '' , `` public assistance funerals '' , `` Pauper 's funerals '' or `` welfare funerals '' .   While there is no recourse to recover costs from relatives who refuse to pay for a public health funeral , local authorities are able to recover the costs of such a funeral from the estate of a deceased person where this is possible . The Guardian has reported that the average cost of a public health funeral is # 950 .   The term `` state funeral '' is also used in the UK in a different context to describe the funerals of monarchs or other distinguished figures . For this usage see State funerals in the United Kingdom .   For `` paupers ' funerals '' under the English Poor Laws see Pauper 's funeral .

neg: Murder of Olive Balchin Olive Balchin ( c. 1906 -- 20 October 1946 ) was a British murder victim whose body was found near a bomb site in Manchester , England . The murder weapon , a bloodstained hammer , was found nearby . After a lengthy investigation , police were given a description of a man who purchased a hammer from a local shopkeeper , which was similar to the description that eyewitnesses provided of a man last seen in the company of Balchin on the night of her murder . Based on this information , police questioned Walter Graham Rowland , a man who had been convicted in 1934 of murdering his two-year-old child . His death sentence for that crime had been commuted after serving eight years , due to the onset of World War II and the need for able-bodied men .   A forensic examination of Rowland 's clothes showed bloodstains matching Balchin 's blood type as well as dust particles and plant debris traced to the bomb site . Police arrested Rowland for her murder , and he was convicted and held at Strangeways Prison .   While Rowland was in prison awaiting execution , a prisoner at Walton Jail in Liverpool , David J. Ware , made unprompted three confessions to the crime - first in writing to the governor of the prison , then to police , and finally to Rowland 's lawyer . The confession was quickly followed by a retraction wherein Ware admitted to confessing because he wanted to appear `` swank , '' and said that he had obtained details of the murder from newspapers he read in prison . There were also questions as to Ware 's mental state , as he had been discharged from the British Army in 1943 after a diagnosis of manic depressive psychosis . Additionally , unlike Rowland , there was no forensic evidence found that tied Ware to the murder scene .   Despite the retraction , Rowland 's lawyer argued for his conviction to be overturned on appeal because of Ware 's confession . The motion failed and Rowland was hanged on 27 February 1947 . A Home Office inquiry determined that Ware had made a false confession , and therefore found no impropriety with regards to the conviction .   In 1951 , Ware attacked a woman with a hammer , and was found guilty of attempted murder . He was deemed not criminally responsible due to insanity and was committed to Broadmoor Hospital . This attack , coupled with his prior confession to the Balchin murder , led some in Britain to believe that Rowland had been falsely convicted and was the victim of a miscarriage of justice . The matter is still occasionally raised in debates about the death penalty and wrongful convictions in Britain .

neg: Mary Hignett Mary Hignett ( 31 March 1916 -- 16 July 1980 ) was a British actress best known for her role as Mrs Edna Hall in the television series All Creatures Great and Small .   In All Creatures , she played the role of the cook and housekeeper in the first three series , which ran from 1978 to 1980 . Other credits include the Hammer film Prehistoric Women ( 1967 ) , the horror movie The Corpse ( 1971 ) , and the 1972 Hammer Horror film Demons of the Mind ( in which fellow All Creatures actor Robert Hardy played the role of Zorn ) .   Hignett was married to the actor Michael Brennan , who survived her . She died shortly after the third series of All Creatures was filmed , her final scene being the seeing off to war of James Herriot ( Christopher Timothy ) . Scheduled to have a hip replacement , she was convinced by her doctors to have a riskier double hip replacement rather than the single . This is believed to have led to her death .   `` I remember there was an episode in the third series where Mary , in real life , was very ill and in a lot of pain , '' recalled Carol Drinkwater , who played the first Helen Herriot in the series . `` It was before her hip operations , the operations which finally killed her . We had a director -- I ca n't remember who it was -- who hauled us in every day to rehearsals in Acton whether we were needed or not . Mary had to come from Brighton or Eastbourne -- she lived down on the south coast -- and she could hardly walk . Mary must have said , ` I 'm not in any of the scenes tomorrow -- do you mind if I do n't come in ? ' And this director said he wanted her there . He could see she was in pain , but she struggled in the next day , but when she said she really would need the next day off , the director said , ` No , I want all of you here all of the time , because it creates a certain bonding . ' Being the Young Turk that I was , I got absolutely furious with this director , saying he had no right to make her do this , and in the end he did let her have the day off . It was an example of how tightly knit we were . If someone came in and tried to change things , one of us , one way or another -- usually Robert Hardy -- would hold it together and make sure it was n't destroyed . ''   Robert Hardy , Christopher Timothy and Carol Drinkwater attended the funeral . The news of her passing was written into the script of the 1983 Christmas Special , and her honour was toasted by the four remaining central characters .

neg: Putrefaction Putrefaction is the fifth stage of death , following pallor mortis , algor mortis , rigor mortis , and livor mortis . This process references the breaking down of a body of a human or animal post mortem ( meaning after death ) . In broad terms , it can be viewed as the decomposition of proteins , and the eventual breakdown of the cohesiveness between tissues , and the liquefaction of most organs . This is caused by the decomposition of organic matter by bacterial or fungal digestion , which causes the release of gases that infiltrate the body 's tissues , and leads to the deterioration of the tissues and organs .  The approximate time it takes putrefaction to occur is dependent on various factors . Internal factors that affect the rate of putrefaction include the age at which death has occurred , the overall structure and condition of the body , the cause of death , and external injuries arising before or after death . External factors include environmental temperature , moisture and air exposure , clothing , burial factors , and light exposure .   The first signs of putrefaction are signified by a greenish discoloration on the outside of the skin on the abdominal wall corresponding to where the large intestine begins , as well as under the surface of the liver .   Certain substances , such as carbolic acid , arsenic , strychnine , and zinc chloride , can be used to delay the process of putrefaction in various ways based on their chemical make up . At body farms , facilities which study the process of decomposition as well as how these substances affect the rate of putrefaction , cadavers are put in different environmental conditions to study how the process of decomposition can be affected . There are six University Body Farm Research Facilities in the world , all located within the United States , which include the University of Tennessee at Knoxville , Western Carolina University , Texas State University , Sam Houston State University , Southern Illinois University , and Colorado Mesa University . Two prospective body farms will open outside of the United States , in Australia and India .

neg: Haunted (comics) Haunted was a horror-suspense anthology comic book series published by Charlton Comics from 1971 to 1984 ( though it was primarily a reprint title from 1978 onward ) . The book was `` hosted '' by Impy , a pint-sized ghost dressed in an all-white superhero costume . With issue # 21 , the book 's host became Baron Weirwulf ( who first appeared in Ghost Manor # 19 , published in July 1974 ) . From that point forward , Haunted 's title was changed to Baron Weirwulf 's Haunted Library ( though it was still known as Haunted in the indicia ) .   Haunted was part of a wave of new horror and suspense comics published by Charlton during this period . Its sister titles , with many of the same creators , were the Charlton anthologies The Many Ghosts of Doctor Graves ( with host Dr. M.T. Graves ) , Ghostly Tales ( with I.M. Dedd ) , Ghost Manor ( with host Mr. Bones ) , Ghostly Haunts ( with Winnie the Witch ) , and Scary Tales ( with Countess R.H. Von Bludd ) .

neg: The Sittaford Mystery The Sittaford Mystery is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie , first published in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company in 1931 under the title of The Murder at Hazelmoor and in UK by the Collins Crime Club on 7 September of the same year under Christie 's original title . It is the first Christie novel to be given a different title for the US market . The US edition retailed at $ 2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence ( 7/6 ) .   Mrs Willett and her daughter host an evening of `` table-turning '' ( a séance ) on a snowy winter 's evening in Dartmoor . The spirit tells them that Captain Trevelyan is dead . The roads being impassible to vehicles , Major Burnaby announces his intention to go to the village on foot to check on his friend , where he appears to find the prediction has come true . Emily Trefusis , engaged to Trevelyan 's nephew , uncovers the mystery along with the police .   The novel was well-received , with praise for the character Miss Emily Trefusis . The references to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , alive when the book was published , and the elements of the setting that hearken to The Hound of the Baskervilles ( published in 1902 ) were also noted and appreciated .

neg: Porphyria's Lover `` Porphyria 's Lover '' is a poem by Robert Browning which was first published as `` Porphyria '' in the January 1836 issue of Monthly Repository . Browning later republished it in Dramatic Lyrics ( 1842 ) paired with `` Johannes Agricola in Meditation '' under the title `` Madhouse Cells '' . The poem did not receive its definitive title until 1863 .   `` Porphyria 's Lover '' is Browning 's first ever short dramatic monologue , and also the first of his poems to examine abnormal psychology . Although its initial publication passed nearly unnoticed and it received little critical attention in the nineteenth century , the poem is now heavily anthologised and much studied .   In the poem , a man strangles his lover -- Porphyria -- with her hair ; '' ... and all her hair / In one long yellow string I wound / Three times her little throat around , / And strangled her . '' Porphyria 's lover then talks of the corpse 's blue eyes , golden hair , and describes the feeling of perfect happiness the murder gives him . Although he winds her hair around her throat 3 times to throttle her , the woman never cries out . The poem uses a somewhat unusual rhyme scheme : A , B , A , B , B , the final repetition bringing each stanza to a heavy rest .   A possible source for the poem is John Wilson 's `` Extracts from Gosschen 's Diary '' , a lurid account of a murder published in Blackwood 's Magazine in 1818 . Browning 's friend and fellow poet Bryan Procter acknowledged basing his 1820 `` Marcian Colonna '' on this source , but added a new detail ; after the murder , the killer sits up all night with his victim .

neg: List of women who died in childbirth This is a list of notable women , either famous themselves or closely associated with someone well known , who suffered maternal death as defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) :   `` the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy , irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy , from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes . ''   Note that this wording includes abortion , miscarriage , stillbirth , and ectopic pregnancy . Generally , there is a distinction between a direct maternal death that is the result of a complication of the pregnancy , delivery , or management of the two , and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy-related death in a woman with a pre-existing or newly developed health problem unrelated to pregnancy . Fatalities during but unrelated to a pregnancy are termed accidental , incidental , or non-obstetrical maternal deaths .   However , the WHO definition is only one of many ; other definitions may include accidental and incidental causes . Cases with `` incidental causes '' include deaths secondary to violence against women that may be related to the pregnancy and be affected by the socioeconomic and cultural environment . Also , it has been reported that about 10 % of maternal deaths may occur late , that is after 42 days after a termination or delivery ; thus , some definitions extend the period of observation to one year after the end of gestation .

neg: Victorian mourning dolls During the period from the late nineteenth century until the early to mid 20th century , popularly known as the `` Victorian Era , '' people typically used elaborate physical representations and rituals to mark the death of a loved one . Because deaths typically took place in the home , the body of the deceased was usually prepared for burial , and often displayed for a period in the home . Because of the close proximity of death to the home , and because of high mortality rates for children and infants , children especially were often familiar with and exposed to death and dead bodies from a very early age . By the late nineteenth century , it became customary to commission a `` mourning doll '' to lay at the grave of a deceased child . These became widely popular as a coping mechanism for families dealing with the death of a child .

neg: Post Mortem (band) Not to be confused with the German death metal band Postmortem .   Post Mortem was an American death metal band , formed in 1982 in suburban Boston . They formed when the members of the band were still in high school . The band rehearsed every day , often rushing home to write music after classes . John McCarthy penned the personal songs while drummer Rick McIver wrote the gore lyrics . John Alexander helped write most of the songs . `` Our whole concept was that we honestly did n't give a fuck . That 's why we 're lumped in with punk rock as well as metal , '' McCarthy said , adding : `` It 's much better to piss off people who think they 're pissed off than to piss off your grandma or your mother or your father . ''   Post Mortem 's debut album , Coroner 's Office , was released in 1986 . Coroner 's Office continues to find new listeners and is now as remembered for its unusual styling and flirtation with jazz and punk . The album proved very influential , as it brought musical experimentation common in metal among bands like Cephalic Carnage and The Dillinger Escape Plan .   The band consists of John McCarthy ( vocals ) , John Alexander ( guitar ) , Mark Kelley ( bass ) , and Rick `` Ricky Magic '' McIver ( drums ) . Contrary to popular belief , Post Mortem were not named after the Slayer song , which was released in 1986 . Post Mortem helped pioneer the underground subgenre of death metal .   Many metal bands have acknowledged the influence of Post Mortem , like Cianide , Grief ( who covered the entire Coroner 's Office album ) , Disharmonic Orchestra , who covered '' ( It 's Just ) A Thought '' , and Anal Cunt ( who covered Post Mortem 's `` 1066 '' ) .

neg: Disappearance of Suzy Lamplugh Susanna `` Suzy '' Lamplugh ( -LSB- ˈlæmpluː -RSB- born 3 May 1961 ) was a British estate agent reported missing on 28 July 1986 ( aged 25 ) in Fulham , southwest London , England . She was officially declared dead , presumed murdered , in 1994 . The last clue of her whereabouts was an appointment to show a house in Shorrolds Road to someone she referred to as `` Mr Kipper '' . Following her disappearance , police tested the DNA of 800 unidentified bodies and skeletal remains that matched Lamplugh 's description .   In August 2010 , police began a new search of a field off the B4084 between Pershore and Drakes Broughton . The area is about three miles away from the former Norton Barracks in Worcestershire , which was searched in December 2000 and February 2001 . In December 2000 , police had searched a nearby brickworks , which several witnesses had mentioned in their original statements . The search proved unsuccessful and her remains have not been found .

neg: Ann Radcliffe Ann Radcliffe ( née Ward , 9 July 1764 -- 7 February 1823 ) was an English author and pioneer of the Gothic novel . Her style is Romantic in its vivid descriptions of landscapes and long travel scenes , yet the Gothic element is obvious through her use of the supernatural . It was her technique , `` the explained supernatural '' as the final revelation of inexplicable phenomena , which helped the Gothic novel achieve respectability in the 1790s .

neg: Lifeless (EP) Lifeless was the first EP by Eighteen Visions , following their initial demo ( released under the name Macabre ) . It was released on Life Sentence Records , while the label was still based in California , on an initial press of 1000 copies .   Three of the songs originally appeared on the Macabre demo ( `` Mental Repression '' , `` Patricide '' and `` Slipping Through the Hands of God '' , although the first and later under different names ) . Two of the songs ( `` Life 's Blood '' and `` Slipping Through the Hands of God '' ) would also later be re-recorded for The Best of Eighteen Visions in 2001 .   After the band broke into the mainstream in the early-mid-2000s , Life Sentence Records reissued the album . It was reissued on February 24 , 2004 with an almost identical artwork ; only the band logo and album font were updated . An unknown amount of this issue were printed .   The intro from '' Murder '' is taken from the movie Se7en .

neg: Casualty (series 27) The twenty-seventh series of Casualty began airing on BBC One on 18 August 2012 with an episode featuring a disaster at a music festival . Filming series 26 was completed in April 2012 and filming series 27 began a week later . The first episode was in the normal formata 50-minute episode . This season is 44 episodes , increasing from 42 for the previous one . Viewing figures for the first episode were 5.19 million viewers , continuing to be one of the most watched programmes of a Saturday night .   This series saw the departures of Dylan Keogh ( William Beck ) , Linda Andrews ( Christine Tremarco ) , Lloyd Asike ( Michael Obiora ) , and long-standing character Nick Jordan ( Michael French ) ; as well as the returns of former nurse , now consultant Martin `` Ash '' Ashford ( Patrick Robinson ) who last appeared fifteen years previously and former ambulance dispatcher , now receptionist Louise Tyler ( Azuka Oforka ) . This series also saw the introduction of four new student nurses : Ally Hunter ( Rebecca Newman ) , Aoife O'Reilly ( Gemma-Leah Devereux ) , Robyn Miller ( Amanda Henderson ) , and Jamie Collier ( Daniel Anthony ) - with only the latter two receiving a promotion to staff nurse and continuing into the next series .

neg: Funeral bundle A funeral bundle is a method of enclosing a corpse before burial , practiced by the Paracas culture of the Peruvian Andes . The well-preserved funeral bundles of the Paracas have allowed archaeologists to study their funeral rituals in detail .   The naked body of the deceased is bundled in the fetal position before rigor mortis sets in . A long strip of coarse cotton cloth was then wrapped around the body . Along with the bodies , different kinds of memorabilia have been found , including clothing , food , scraps of cloth or clothed dolls with religious embroidered motifs , and small badges of gold , and these `` gifts '' form the nucleus of the bundle .   In adult burials , one usually finds on this nucleus an additional layer , formed of pieces of ceremonial garments , decorated with embroideries and protected by several sheets of cotton fabric . These were cooked and tied with cord to facilitate the transportation of the bundle to the burial site . Facing the bundle , mourners would place between one and seven ceramic pieces . A pole or a cane indicated the precise place of the burial . Individuals of major status received more textile gifts and , in this case , the number of layers increased substantially : up to three successive layers could be added onto the nucleus . These layers , and in particular the last one , usually contained decorative embroidered cloaks .   The burials have a collective character , as it is thought that related individuals were generally buried together in the caverns dug in the rock or in the sand . In several cases , it has been determined that remains were transported and re-interred some years after death . Burial areas are located next to established living places . Often , an area that was inhabited earlier by the living was reused for the dead , and the ruins of houses and public buildings were often used for this purpose .   Category : Archaeology of death

neg: Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings .   The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . ''   Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy .   Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . ''   The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque .   Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories .   The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''

neg: Amy Barnes Amy Knight ( also Barnes ) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks , played by Ashley Slanina-Davies . She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 14 November 2005 . Amy was created by executive producer David Hanson and Slanina-Davies was offered the role whilst looking for work as an extra . In 2009 , Slanina-Davies stated that she would be lost without the role and confirmed her loyalty to the serial . In July 2010 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be leaving the show . However it was revealed that she was back filming and staying in the serial in 2011 . Amy 's storylines have included underage pregnancy which resulted in the birth of daughter Leah Barnes and the subject of domestic abuse in her relationship with Ste Hay , portrayed by Kieron Richardson respectively . Whilst filming the storyline Slanina-Davies cut her long hair off for charity and this was scripted into the storyline .   Amy has also been part of a storyline which saw her pretending her daughter was suffering from leukaemia to scam money out of the community , off-screen this prompted Slanina-Davies to campaign for leukaemia and cancer charity CLIC Sargent and Women 's Aid . The issue of post-natal depression has been portrayed following the birth of her second child Lucas Hay . Slanina-Davies has also revealed that she has conducted extensive research into all of her issue-lead storylines . In 2012 , it was announced that Slanina-Davies would be written out of the serial . Amy departed on 8 August 2012 . Amy has returned for guest appearances in 2013 , 2014 and returned to the show on a permanent basis in August 2016 .   In January 2017 , it was revealed that Amy would be departing later in the year in a `` whodunit '' storyline which would see the character killed-off , making the second Barnes character to be killed off since her sister Sarah in 2009 . She made her final appearance as a corpse on 29 March 2017 , however continued to appear in flashback appearances throughout the storyline . Amy 's funeral was held on 25 April 2017 , with characters such as her mother , Kathy ( Sarah Jane Buckley ) , and Zoe Carpenter ( Zoë Lister ) , returning for her funeral .

neg: Sleeping Murder Sleeping Murder : Miss Marple 's Last Case is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in October 1976 and in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company later in the same year . The UK edition retailed for # 3.50 and the US edition for $ 7.95 .   The book features Miss Marple . It was the last Christie novel , published posthumously , although not the last one Christie wrote featuring Miss Marple . The story is set in the 1930s , though written during the Second World War . She aids a young couple who choose to uncover events in the wife 's past life , and not let sleeping murder lie .


query: Bridge of Spies was directed by Steven Spielberg in 2003.

pos: Bridge of Spies (film) Bridge of Spies is a 2015 historical drama legal thriller film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg , written by Matt Charman , Ethan and Joel Coen and stars Tom Hanks , Mark Rylance , Amy Ryan and Alan Alda . Set during the Cold War , the film tells the story of lawyer James B. Donovan , who is entrusted with negotiating the release of Francis Gary Powers -- a U.S. Air Force pilot whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960 -- in exchange for Rudolf Abel , a convicted Soviet KGB spy held under the custody of the United States , whom he represented at trial . The name of the film refers to the Glienicke Bridge , which connects Potsdam with Berlin , where the prisoner exchange took place . The film was an international co-production of the United States and Germany .   Bridge of Spies was shot under the working title of St. James Place . Principal photography began on September 8 , 2014 , in Brooklyn , New York City , and the production proceeded at Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam . The film was released by Touchstone Pictures on October 16 , 2015 , in the United States and distributed by 20th Century Fox in other territories . It was a box office success , grossing $ 165 million worldwide , and received positive reviews , garnering praise for its direction , screenplay , acting , score , and production merits . The film received six Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay , and won Best Supporting Actor for Rylance .

neg: Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles .   Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action .   Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .

neg: Artworks (film) Artworks is a 2003 crime film .

neg: Spy Muppets: License to Croak Spy Muppets : License to Croak is a 2003 Muppets video game made for Nintendo 's Game Boy Advance system and Windows by Vicarious Visions and distributed by TDK . It is a spoof of the James Bond films , the title being a reference to Licence to Kill .

neg: An Englishman Abroad An Englishman Abroad is a 1983 BBC television drama film , based on the true story of a chance meeting of actress Coral Browne , with Guy Burgess ( Alan Bates ) , a member of the Cambridge spy ring who spied for the Soviet Union while an officer at MI6 . The production was written by Alan Bennett and directed by John Schlesinger ; Browne stars as herself .   The film is set is Moscow in 1958 , after Burgess had defected to the Soviet Union in 1951 with Donald Maclean when it became apparent that Maclean was about to be investigated by British intelligence . Burgess barges into Browne 's dressing room in the interval of a touring Shakespeare Memorial Theatre ( which became one of the bases of the Royal Shakespeare Company ) production of Hamlet , in which she portrayed Gertrude , and charms her . Later on she is invited to his Moscow flat , finding it with some difficulty , to measure him for a suit that he would like ordered from his London tailor .   Several plot changes were made from the true story told by Browne to Bennett . Burgess in fact threw up in the dressing room of Michael Redgrave , who asked for Browne 's help . Redgrave documented the incident in his biography . The play also contained scenes in Moscow 's British Embassy and in London shops where Browne encountered resistance to helping Burgess , none of which happened in reality .   Rather than film in the Soviet Union , Schlesinger used several locations in Scotland . The Caird Hall and Whitehall Theatre in Dundee stood in for the Moscow theatre , and the grand marble staircase of Glasgow City Chambers played the part of the British Embassy . Additional filming was done at Glasgow 's St. Andrew 's Suspension Bridge ( `` luckily , in a snowstorm '' Bennett later wrote ) and the Moss Heights flats in Cardonald , which represented Burgess ' Moscow apartment .   Both Browne and Bates were winners of the BAFTA awards for acting for their roles in this production .   Bennett gives the date of Browne 's meeting with Burgess as 1958 in the introduction to his Single Spies , which contains the text of An Englishman Abroad in the stage play version and the text of A Question of Attribution about Anthony Blunt .   The play was also adapted for radio on the BBC World Service in 1994 starring Michael Gambon as Burgess and Penelope Wilton as Coral Browne . It was subsequently re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra , most recently in 2013 as part of BBC Radio 4 Extra 's Cambridge Spies season .   On the BFI TV 100 , a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film Institute ( BFI ) , chosen by a poll of industry professionals , to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened , An Englishman Abroad was listed at no. 30 on the list .

neg: The Witch Affair The Witch Affair ( Cosa de brujas ) is a 2003 Spanish film written by Amalio Cuevas and Agustín Póveda , and directed by José Miguel Juárez .

neg: The Spy Dad The Spy Dad is a 2003 Hong Kong comedy film produced , written and directed by Wong Jing and starring Tony Leung as the titular protagonist , Jones Bon , an action film star with obvious homage to James Bond 007 films while with also references to martial arts films by Bruce Lee .

neg: 53rd Berlin International Film Festival The 54th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from February 6 -- 16 , 2003 . The festival opened with musical film Chicago by Rob Marshall and closed with Martin Scorsese 's Gangs of New York , both films played out of competition at the festival . The Golden Bear was awarded to British film In This World directed by Michael Winterbottom .   The retrospective dedicated to German film director F. W. Murnau was shown at the festival .

neg: Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair is a simulation game created and published by Knowledge Adventure for Windows and Macintosh . It was released in 1996 in the United States of America .   In the game , the player is guided by film director Steven Spielberg ( appearing as himself ) through the comprehensive process of moviemaking , including scriptwriting , filming , and editing , using pre-generated film clips featuring Jennifer Aniston , Quentin Tarantino , Katherine Helmond , and Penn & Teller , among others . The game features advice from Hollywood professionals such as editor Michael Kahn , special effects supervisor Michael Lantieri , and cinematographer Dean Cundey . The game was produced by Roger Holzberg , who directed Spielberg in scenes in which Spielberg himself appeared .

neg: The Fourth World War The Fourth World War is a 2003 feature film directed by Richard Rowley .

neg: American Film Institute Awards 2003 The American Film Institute ( AFI ) Awards 2003 honored the Top 10 Films and Top 10 Television Programs of the year .

neg: Coronado (2003 film) Coronado is a 2003 German-American adventure film directed by Claudio Fäh in his directorial debut . It stars Kristin Dattilo , Clayton Rohner , Michael Lowry and John Rhys-Davies .

neg: Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt .   The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .

neg: After School (film) After School is a 2003 Singaporean crime film directed by Zhu Houren . The film was commissioned by Singapore 's National Crime Prevention Council . It is based on a true story .

neg: Duquesne Spy Ring The Duquesne Spy Ring is the largest espionage case in United States history that ended in convictions . A total of 33 members of a German espionage network headed by Frederick `` Fritz '' Joubert Duquesne were convicted after a lengthy investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) . Of those indicted , 19 pleaded guilty . The remaining 14 were brought to jury trial in Federal District Court , Brooklyn , New York , on September 3 , 1941 ; all were found guilty on December 13 , 1941 . On January 2 , 1942 , the group was sentenced to serve a total of over 300 years in prison .   The agents who formed the Duquesne Ring were placed in key jobs in the United States to get information that could be used in the event of war and to carry out acts of sabotage : one opened a restaurant and used his position to get information from his customers ; another worked on an airline so that he could report Allied ships that were crossing the Atlantic Ocean ; others worked as delivery people so they could deliver secret messages alongside mundane ones .   William G. Sebold , who had been blackmailed into becoming a spy for Germany , became a double agent and helped the FBI gather evidence . For nearly two years , the FBI ran a shortwave radio station in New York for the ring . They learned what information Germany was sending its spies in the United States and controlled what was sent to Germany . Sebold 's success as a counterespionage agent was demonstrated by the successful prosecution of the German agents .   One German spymaster later commented the ring 's roundup delivered `` the death blow '' to their espionage efforts in the United States . FBI director J. Edgar Hoover called his concerted FBI swoop on Duquesne 's ring the greatest spy roundup in U.S. history .   The 1945 film The House on 92nd Street was a thinly disguised version of the Duquesne Spy Ring saga of 1941 .

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government .   The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast .   Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .

neg: Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .

neg: Small Town Conspiracy Small Town Conspiracy or formally known as Florida City is an independent feature film shot in 2003 in Orlando , Florida . The movie is based on a true story that took place in 1941 in a small city outside of Miami . The film stars Zen Gesner as Chief of Police John Haleran who is conducting a murder investigation .   The movie was shot in Center Hill , Florida and Winter Garden , Florida towns near Orlando , Florida and was directed by Ralph Clemente . Clemente was a very well known person in the filming industry as director/producer and also known for being the Program Director at the Valencia Community College Film Production Technology Program at Orlando , Florida , `` one of the best film schools in the country '' as stated by Steven Spielberg .   The film features and interesting array of antique cars and planes as the 1939 Buick Special 8 that the main character of the film John Haleran ( Zen Gesner ) drives as his official police car . Car remained in the property of director Ralph Clemente untoched for many years until sold to Florida 's restorer and car collector Axel Caravias who has been performing a preservation/restoration job in order to maintain its value as being part of the rising filming industry on the east coast .

neg: Rhinoceros Eyes Rhinoceros Eyes is a 2003 American drama film written and directed by Aaron Woodley . It was awarded Discovery Award at Toronto International Film Festival .

neg: The Temple Mount Is Mine The Temple Mount is Mine is a 2003 two-part documentary by Emmy Award-winning director Willy Lindwer that looks at why Muslims , Christians and Jews all lay claim to one of the holiest sites in the world .

neg: The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 .   The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles .   The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago .   The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) .   The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 .   Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . ''   Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) .   The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .


query: Winter Passing premiered in the 2000's.

pos: Winter Passing Winter Passing is a 2005 American film . It is the directorial debut of playwright Adam Rapp , also known for his work on the show The L Word . The film stars Zooey Deschanel and Ed Harris , with supporting performances by Will Ferrell and Amelia Warner . The film premiered in 2005 to mixed reviews , and was not released in the United Kingdom until 2013 , when it was released under the new title Happy Endings .

neg: Destination Hitchcock: The Making of North by Northwest Destination Hitchcock : The Making of North by Northwest is a 2000 documentary film about the making of Alfred Hitchcock 's classic thriller film North by Northwest . It is hosted and narrated by the film 's female lead , Eva Marie Saint and features interviews with Hitchcock 's daughter , several of the technical and behind-the-scenes people involved with the production of the film , and the main surviving actor , Martin Landau . The film has gained wide circulation due to its inclusion in Universal 's release of North by Northwest in VHS and DVD formats which include this film as an additional feature .

neg: Winter Woman Winter Woman is a 1977 South Korean film . It is based on a novel by Cho Hae-il which was serialised in the Chosun Ilbo in 1975 . The popularity of the novel led to the film being made . Dealing with the sexual awakening of the female protagonist , the book and film earned the condemnation of conservative critics , however the author 's leftist subtext went unchallenged overshadowed by the sexual themes . The film was the best selling Korean film of the 1970s , and made a star of its female lead Chang Mi-hee .

neg: Let It Snow (2001 film) Let It Snow is a 2001 romantic comedy movie . The story involves a young man who finds love during `` snow days '' time off from high school , but spends years finding his true self . He is haunted by the family `` curse '' -- as told to him by his grandmother -- that the men in the family are doomed .

neg: Analog television Analog television or analogue television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio . In an analog television broadcast , the brightness , colors and sound are represented by rapid variations of either the amplitude , frequency or phase of the signal .   Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference becomes reproduced by the receiver . So with analog , a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference . In contrast , a moderately weak digital signal and a very strong digital signal transmit equal picture quality . Analog television may be wireless or can be distributed over a cable network using cable converters .   All broadcast television systems preceding digital transmission of digital television ( DTV ) used analog signals .   Analog television around the world has been in the process of shutting down since the late 2000s .

neg: David Secter David Secter is a Canadian film director . He is best known for the 1965 film Winter Kept Us Warm , the first English Canadian film ever screened at the Cannes Film Festival . Widely considered a key milestone in the development of Canadian film , Winter Kept Us Warm was a gay themed independent film written , directed and funded entirely by Secter , who is gay , while he was a student at the University of Toronto .   Secter subsequently released a second film in Canada , The Offering in 1966 , and entered discussions with CBC Television to produce a drama series for the network . However , before that series was launched , he moved to New York City to pursue opportunities in the much larger American film and theatre industry . He was initially slated to direct Cher 's 1969 film Chastity , but dropped out of the project . In New York , he lived with several other experimental filmmakers in a clothing-optional , drug and sex-friendly commune , and worked as a theatre director . He released the low-budget sex comedy Getting Together ( also titled Feelin ' Up in some releases ) in 1976 , and subsequently moved to Los Angeles . He did not work on another film until Cyberdorm in 1997 .   In the early 1990s , Secter 's nephew Joel rented Getting Together from his local video store in Winnipeg , not knowing that his uncle had directed films . After discovering his uncle 's name in the credits , Joel contacted David to discuss his career in film . These discussions culminated in Joel Secter 's own debut as a filmmaker , the 2005 documentary The Best of Secter & the Rest of Secter . In the film , David also revealed that he is HIV-positive .   Also in 2005 , David Secter directed and released a documentary film on the Gay Games , Take the Flame ! Gay Games : Grace , Grit , and Glory .   He is interviewed in Matthew Hays ' Lambda Literary Award-winning 2007 book The View from Here : Conversations with Gay and Lesbian Filmmakers .

neg: Winterborn (film) Winterborn ( Vinterbørn ) is a 1978 Danish drama film directed by Astrid Henning-Jensen . It was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival where Henning-Jensen won the Silver Bear for Best Director .

neg: The Pass (song) `` The Pass '' is the second single from Rush 's 1989 album Presto . The lyrics by drummer Neil Peart address teenage isolation and the tendency to romanticize it . The song peaked at # 15 on the U.S. Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , and a music video was made for the song .   The line `` All of us get lost in the darkness/Dreamers learn to steer by the stars/All of us do time in the gutter/Dreamers turn to look at the cars '' alludes to Oscar Wilde 's `` We are all in the gutter , but some of us are looking at the stars '' from his play Lady Windermere 's Fan .   On the Rush in Rio DVD ( 2003 ) , bassist/vocalist Geddy Lee introduces the song to the audience by saying it is one of the band 's favourites . On the same DVD , in the documentary `` The Boys in Brazil , '' Peart says he always gets emotional while playing the song , `` not only for what it expresses explicitly lyrically , but because it is one of our better crafted ones . ''   A cover version was made by Brazilian band Fleesh in 2016 .

neg: Winter triathlon Winter triathlon is a multisport event involving the continuous and sequential completion of running , mountain biking , and cross-country skiing , all on snow . Course distances are set on the day of the event to achieve a winning time of around 80 -- 90 minutes , after taking account of the snow conditions .   Since 2013 the International Triathlon Union created a new version of the sport , which consist of 5 km of snowshoeing , 12km of ice skating and 8km of cross-country skiing . It is called winter triathlon S3 , because the three sports start with an S ( snowshoes , skate , ski ) . The first ITU event was held in Quebec , Canada in February 2015 .   The sport was denied inclusion in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia .

neg: The Growing Pains Movie The Growing Pains Movie is a 2000 American made-for-television film that premiered on ABC November 5 , 2000 , as a two-hour episode of ABC 's The Wonderful World of Disney anthology series . It is the first of two reunion films based on the 1985 -- 1992 sitcom Growing Pains .

neg: Snow in Florida It is very rare for snow to fall in the U.S. state of Florida , especially in the central and southern portions of the state . With the exception of the far northern areas of the state and the Jacksonville area , most of the major cities of Florida have never recorded measurable snowfall , have only recorded trace ( T ) amounts , or have only reported flurries in the air , usually just a few times each century . In the Florida Keys and Key West there is no known occurrence of snow flurries since the settlement of the region .   Due to Florida 's low latitude and subtropical climate , temperatures cold enough to support significant snowfall are infrequent and their duration is fleeting . In general , frost is more common than snow , requiring temperatures of 32 ° F ( 0 ° C ) or less at 2 m above sea level , a cloudless sky , and a relative humidity of 65 % or more . Generally , for snow to occur , the polar jet stream must move southward through Texas and into the Gulf of Mexico , with a stalled cold front across the southern portion of the state curving northeastward to combine freezing air into the frontal clouds . While light snowfall occurs a few times each decade across the northern panhandle , most of the state is too far south of the cold continental air masses responsible for generating snowfall in the rest of the country . The mean maximum monthly snowfall in most parts of Florida is zero . The only other areas in the continental United States with this distinction are extreme southern Texas and parts of coastal southern California .   Much of the known information on snow in Florida prior to 1900 is from climatological records provided by the National Weather Service meteorological station in Jacksonville , and information for other locations is sparse . The earliest recorded instance of snow in Florida occurred in 1774 ; being unaccustomed to snow , some Jacksonville residents called it `` extraordinary white rain . '' The first White Christmas in northeastern Florida 's history resulted from a snow event that occurred on December 23 , 1989 .

neg: Top 2000 The Top 2000 is an annual marathon radio program , that plays the 2000 most popular songs of all time , from Christmas through New Year 's Eve .  Hosted by Dutch national radio station Radio 2 , over half of the population of the Netherlands listens to the broadcast each year .   Starting in 1999 , the Top 2000 was intended to be a one-time event , but due to the program 's popularity , Radio 2 chose to make it an annual program ,  traditionally broadcast from midnight on Boxing Day and continuing until midnight of New Year 's Eve . However , as of 2009 , the show begins broadcasting at noon on December 25 , Christmas Day .

neg: Winter (TV series) Winter is an Australian mystery-drama-thriller television series which premiered on the Seven Network on 4 February 2015 , and concluded on 11 March 2015 . The series is a spin off of the 2014 telemovie , The Killing Field . It stars Rebecca Gibney and Peter O'Brien reprising their roles from the telemovie .

neg: Chilly Scenes of Winter (film) Chilly Scenes of Winter ( originally released as Head over Heels ) is a 1979 romantic comedy film , written and directed by Joan Micklin Silver .   The film is an adaptation of the 1976 novel Chilly Scenes of Winter by Ann Beattie .

neg: Snow White: A Deadly Summer Snow White : A Deadly Summer is a low budget horror film . The film was released straight to DVD and digital download on March 20 , 2012 .

neg: Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 .   The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 .   The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton .   It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .

neg: Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor .   Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios .   In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever .   Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide .   Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole .   Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected .   In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie .   Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 .   Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .

neg: Snow Falls `` Snow Falls '' is the third episode of the American fairy tale/drama television series Once Upon a Time . The series takes place in the fictional seaside town of Storybrooke , Maine , in which the residents are actually characters from various fairy tales that were transported to the `` real world '' town by a powerful curse . This episode centers on the first meeting of Snow White ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming ( Joshua Dallas ) , when the former steals his mother 's ring ; Charming hunts her down , but they later part amicably . Meanwhile , Snow 's Storybrooke counterpart , Mary Margaret ( Goodwin ) , develops a personal bond with a comatose John Doe ( Dallas ) while reading him fairy tales . During the night , he awakens and escapes the hospital ; Mary Margaret locates the amnesiac man , but is dismayed to learn that he is married .   The episode was written by co-executive producer Liz Tigelaar , while being directed by Dean White . It featured the first appearance of David Anders as Dr. Whale and Anastasia Griffith in the dual role of Kathryn Nolan and Princess Abigail . `` Snow Falls '' serves as a prequel to the pilot episode . Goodwin injured herself during filming and received facial stitches in a local emergency room , though she and Dallas still called the episode their favorite up to that point .   It first aired in the United States on ABC on November 6 , 2011 . An estimated 11.4 million viewers tuned into the episode , and it placed second in its timeslot , though it garnered five percent fewer viewers than the previous episode . `` Snow Falls '' received generally positive reviews from television critics , with several calling it an indication that the series was improving over time . The chemistry between Goodwin and Dallas was particularly highlighted for praise . A novelization of the episode was released in 2013 .

neg: The Last Man (2002 film) The Last Man is a 2000 film by Harry Ralston starring David Arnott , Jeri Ryan and Dan Montgomery .

neg: Dynamite Pass Dynamite Pass is a black and white 1950 's Western film . It was described by the Los Angeles Times as being `` very good of its type '' and was released on a double bill with The Secret Fury .