query: Future is American.

pos: Future (rapper) Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn ( born November 20 , 1983 ) , known professionally as Future , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , and record producer . Born and raised in Atlanta , Georgia , Wilburn first became involved in music as part of the Dungeon Family collective , where he was nicknamed `` the Future '' . After amassing a series of mixtapes between 2010 and 2011 , Future signed a major record label deal with Epic Records and A1 Recordings , which helped launch Future 's own label imprint , Freebandz . He subsequently released his debut album , Pluto , in April 2012 to positive reviews . Future 's second album , Honest , was released in April 2014 , surpassing his debut on the album charts .   Between late 2014 and early 2015 , he released a trio of mixtapes to critical praise : Monster ( 2014 ) , Beast Mode ( 2015 ) , and 56 Nights ( 2015 ) . His next releases , DS2 ( 2015 ) , What a Time to Be Alive ( 2015 , in collaboration with Drake ) , EVOL ( 2016 ) , FUTURE ( 2017 ) and HNDRXX ( 2017 ) all debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 . The latter two made him the first artist to debut two albums in consecutive weeks at the top of that chart . Future has also released several singles certified gold or higher by the RIAA , including `` Turn On the Lights '' , `` Move That Dope '' , `` Fuck Up Some Commas '' , `` Where Ya At '' , `` Jumpman '' , `` Low Life '' and `` Mask Off '' .

neg: Future (disambiguation) The future is the time after the present .   Future or The Future may also refer to :   Futures contract , a standardized financial contract  Future ( programming )  Future tense , in grammar

neg: Future Comics Future Comics is a semi-active comic book publishing company founded by industry all-rounder Bob Layton , and his creative partners -- Layton 's mentor , artist/editor Dick Giordano and his frequent writing-partner David Michelinie , CFO Allen Berrebbi -- and publisher Skip Farrell .

neg: Beautiful Future Beautiful Future is the ninth studio album by British rock band Primal Scream , released on on B-Unique Records/Atlantic Records . The album was promoted by the single `` Ca n't Go Back '' , which was released on , and it was produced by Björn Yttling ( of Peter Bjorn and John ) and Paul Epworth .   According to the press release , `` the album displays a heady mix of genre crunching taking in Philly soul , dark electro , accelerated rock 'n' roll riffs and pure British pop , all given that particular Scream edge . '' The album features special guest appearances from Lovefoxxx ( of Cansei de Ser Sexy ) , Josh Homme ( of Queens of the Stone Age ) and folk legend Linda Thompson .   With the extended edition of Beautiful Future , as well as the album featuring two extra songs ( `` Urban Guerrilla '' , `` Time of Assassins '' ) , the album also includes the video for the single , `` Ca n't Go Back '' .   It is the first album not to feature the guitarist Robert `` Throb '' Young , who left after the release of their previous album Riot City Blues in 2006 due to his retirement for personal reasons , and it is also the last album to feature the bassist Mani , who departed after Screamadelica Live in 2011 , and then re-formed The Stone Roses in the same year .

neg: Holidays of Future Passed `` Holidays of Future Passed '' is the ninth episode of the twenty-third season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 11 , 2011 . Most of the episode is set thirty years into the future , when Bart and Lisa take their children with them to Homer and Marge 's house over Christmas , while a pregnant Maggie goes into labor . Bart has divorced his wife Jenda and is struggling to become a better father for his two boys , while Lisa has trouble connecting with her rebellious teenage daughter Zia . The Simpsons creator Matt Groening made a minor uncredited cameo appearance as a sports commentator shouting `` goal ! '' during a soccer game .   Originally written as a potential series finale , the episode has received highly positive reception from television critics who often cited it as the best episode of the season . It has been particularly praised for its humor and for its emotional scenes , such as one where Bart and Lisa sit in their old treehouse and talk about how difficult parenting is . During the original broadcast , `` Holidays of Future Passed '' was watched by about 6.43 million people . Since then , it has garnered attention in the media for a segment taking place thirty years in the future in which it is implied that the city of Dearborn , Michigan is `` still under sharia law '' . Commentators have had mixed opinions on what the segment is mocking , whether it is the increasing Islamic influence in the US , specifically in Dearborn , or rather those who are thinking that Dearborn is under sharia law in December 2011 , the time that the episode aired .

neg: The Entrepreneurial State The Entrepreneurial State : Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths is a 2013 book written by Mariana Mazzucato which argues that the United States ' economic success is a result of public and state funded investments in innovation and technology , rather than a result of the small state , free market doctrine that often receives credit for the country 's strong economy . Mazzucato argues that understanding the difference between the `` myth '' and the reality of this success is particularly important saying : `` If the rest of the world wants to emulate the US model , they should do as the United States actually did , not as they say they did '' . The book was listed among the Financial Times best books of the year , and was reviewed in several publications including The New York Times and The Wall Street Jornal . It is both praised and criticized by several social science journals , and has started numerous discussions among economists and social scientists around the world about the role of the state in the world of technological innovations .

neg: Future 2 Future Future 2 Future is the forty-third album by Herbie Hancock . Hancock reunited with bass player Bill Laswell ( who worked on the influential early 1980s albumsFuture Shock , Sound-System and Perfect Machine ) and the two of them tried to recapture the success of the three previous albums that fuse jazz with cutting-edge electronic music .  In yet another innovative stylistic move , Herbie reunited with Bill Laswell in the creation of a 21st Century collaboration with some of the young hip-hop and techno artists who have drawn on his massive influence to create their own music of the future . The album was released in spring , 2001 , and is entitled FUTURE2FUTURE .   This group of artists ( minus Tony Williams , due to his death four years prior ) would go on tour , and produce a live concert that would eventually go on DVD ( which features live versions of his songs `` Rockit '' and `` Chameleon '' ) .

neg: Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves .   Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas .   Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .

neg: American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation .   Author William Herberg offers the following definition :   One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' .   In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''

neg: Dividend future In finance , a dividend future is an exchange-traded derivative contract that allows investors to take positions on future dividend payments . Dividend futures can be on a single company , a basket of companies , or on an Equity index . They settle on the amount of dividend paid by the company , the basket of companies , or the index during the period of the contract .   For example , if company A pays a quarterly dividend of $ 0.25 in 2012 . If an investor buys a 2012 dividend future , the settlement price of the future will be equal to 4 x $ 0.25 = $ 1 per contract . The profit or loss the investor makes depends on the difference between the price they bought or sold the future and the settlement price . For instance , if the investor bought the 2012 dividend future at $ 0,90 , he would make a profit of $ 0.10 per contract .  Most dividend futures trades occur before the dividend is known , hence allowing investors to go `` long '' or `` short '' the future dividend payment . The `` buyer '' of the contract , is said to be `` long '' , and the `` seller '' of the contract , is said to be `` short '' . The terminology reflects the expectations of the parties : the buyer thinks the dividend is going to increase , while the seller thinks it will decrease . The contract itself costs nothing to enter ; the buy/sell terminology is a linguistic convenience reflecting the position each party is taking ( long or short ) .   Dividend futures are usually traded in increments/lots/batches of 100 or 1000 and have a 1-year time span . When purchased , no transmission of share rights or dividends occurs . Being futures contracts , they are traded on margin , thus offering leverage , and are not subject to the taxes equity holders must pay when they receive dividend distribution on their stocks . They are traded in various financial markets , mainly in Europe , and Asia , and several Blue chip companies and Equity Indices are available with maturities going as long as 5 years for Equities and 10 years for Equity indices .

neg: Future US Future US , Inc. ( formerly known as Imagine Media and The Future Network USA ) is an American media corporation specializing in targeted magazines and websites in the video games , music , and technology markets . Future US is headquartered in the San Francisco with a small sales office in New York City . Future US is owned by parent company , Future plc , a small publishing company based in the United Kingdom .   Its magazines and websites include :   PC Gamer  Official Xbox Magazine  TechRadar  Maximum PC

neg: Thefuture.fm The Future FM is an online mixed-audio distribution platform that allows DJs to upload , host and share their mixes , podcasts , etc. . It assures DJs that the underlying rights holders sampled within the mix will be paid royalties for their works . The Future FM is the distribution arm of Dubset Media Holdings ( DMH ) which is based out of New York City .

neg: Soon (EP) Soon is an EP released in 1997 by American rock band Far .   It contains two songs later released on their 1998 release `` Water & Solutions '' , an acoustic version of a song released on their earlier release `` Tin Cans With Strings To You '' , and one song previously unreleased . This EP was a limited release and has long been out of print , it is extremely hard to find .

neg: Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items .   Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) .   The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere .   Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee .   Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 .   In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world .   Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .

neg: Future Leaders Exchange Future Leaders Exchange ( FLEX ) is a scholarship student exchange program administered by the U.S. Department of State through funding from the Freedom Support Act . The program provides opportunities for high school students ( ages 15 -- 19 ) from former Soviet Union ( from 2015 including Baltic states ) , initially including Armenia , Azerbaijan , Georgia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Moldova , Poland , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , and Ukraine , to spend a year in the United States , living with a host family and attending an American high school . The program seeks to develop the leadership abilities and cultural awareness .   The competition is intense . Only about one in fifty applicants are ultimately selected .   The program was created in 1992 after former Senator Bill Bradley 's conviction `` that the best way to ensure long-lasting peace and understanding between the U.S. and Eurasia is to enable young people to learn about democracy firsthand through experiencing it '' . Since its inception in 1993 , more than 18,000 high school students from 12 Eurasian countries ( two more countries which used to participate in the program are Belarus and Uzbekistan ) have studied in the U.S. under the program .   On 1 October 2014 Russia pulled out of the programme . Russian students remaining in the US were allowed by the Russian side to complete their scholarship , and in the next editions , Russian students will be replaced by students from Ukraine and other countries .   The motive behind Russia 's decision to end the cooperation was the case of a 16 year old student who had refused to return to Russia and searched for asylum in the USA on the grounds of his sexual orientation . He had met a homosexual couple and asked them for help to stay in the USA . He was put under the couple 's tutelage . Russian officials criticized the USA for lack of responsibility towards Russian students .

neg: Future Folk Future Folk is a New York City-based folk music comedy duo . Founded as a live act in 2004 , the duo includes General Trius ( Nils d'Aulaire ) and The Mighty Kevin ( Jay Klaitz ) .

neg: Future orientation Future orientation is broadly defined as the extent to which an individual thinks about the future , anticipates future consequences , and plans ahead before acting . Across development , future orientation is particularly important during periods of major changes , for example during the transition from adolescence to adulthood , when youth must make choices about social groups , academic paths , as well as risky behaviors like drug and alcohol use , and sexual activity . Several models have been developed to describe the various factors that combine to impact future orientation .

neg: Chronic Future (album) Chronic Future is the self-titled first album of the band Chronic Future . It was released on September 9 , 1996 , with the members of the band having an average age of only 15 . The album became an instant success locally , but never reached the mainstream .   The album was re-released on August 12 , 1997 as simply Chronic with an alternate track listing , also featuring one extra track titled `` Buster Brown '' . The re-released version was released by Tommy Boy Records . Currently , both versions of the album are out of print , and can only be found on sites such as Amazon and eBay .   A party video with strange lighting was made for the track `` Insomniac '' , featuring a club with the band playing , as well as a first-person exploration of the club . To date , it is one of only two Chronic Future music videos , the other being the video for `` Time and Time Again '' from the album Lines in My Face .

neg: Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort .   The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage .   Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence .   As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive .   One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . ''   The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .

neg: Future Development Future Development is the third studio album by Del the Funky Homosapien under the Hieroglyphics Imperium Recordings label . Its 1997 release was only on the Hieroglyphics website and as a cassette in Japan . It was rereleased in America as a CD in 2002 . It was still able to achieve decent success , selling over 400,000 copies worldwide .

neg: 1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) .   The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade .   As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements .   The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .


query: Hopman Cup was founded.

pos: Hopman Cup The Hopman Cup is an annual international eight-team indoor hardcourt tennis tournament held in Perth , Western Australia in early January ( sometimes commencing in late December ) each year , which plays mixed-gender teams on a country-by-country basis .   The championship is named in honour of Harry Hopman ( 1906 -- 1985 ) , an Australian tennis player and coach who guided the country to 15 Davis Cup titles between 1938 and 1969 . Since the Hopman Cup was founded in 1989 , it has been attended each year by Harry Hopman 's widow , his second wife Lucy , who travels to the tournament annually from her home in the United States .   The tournament is a sanctioned event in the calendar of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , but while individual player results are tallied , they are not included in the calculation of tennis world rankings . The competition receives extensive television coverage in Australia and is an important lead-up tournament to the Australian Open each January as part of the Australian Open Series . The winning team receives a silver cup perpetual trophy and up to 2014 the winning team members were presented with distinctive individual trophies in the shape of a tennis ball encrusted with diamonds from the Argyle diamond mine in the Kimberley region of Western Australia . In 2014 and 2015 , the individual trophies were created in the shape of an intricate diamond encrusted tennis racket and ball , using just under an ounce of 18-carat white , yellow and rose gold and approximately half an ounce of pink argyle diamonds . These trophies are valued at $ 26,000 .   Until 2012 , the Hopman Cup was played at the Burswood Dome . Since 2013 , the Hopman Cup has been played at the Perth Arena .

neg: Croatia at the Hopman Cup Croatia is a nation that has competed at three Hopman Cup tournaments since it gained its independence following the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s . It first competed in the Hopman Cup in 1996 and went on to win the title that year , its best showing at the tournament to date .

neg: Modern Pentathlon World Cup Modern Pentathlon World Cup is an annual series of modern pentathlon competitions organised by the International Modern Pentathlon Union ( UIPM ) . Competitions are held in a number of countries and each series culminates in a World Cup Final . It is the top level annual series for the sport .   The 2010 edition had its world cup final in Moscow and the 2014 series has its final in Sarasota Bradenton .

neg: 2017 WTA Tour The 2017 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women 's Tennis Association ( WTA ) for the 2017 tennis season . The 2017 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) , the WTA Premier tournaments ( Premier Mandatory , Premier 5 , and regular Premier ) , the WTA International tournaments , the Fed Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , the year-end championships ( the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Elite Trophy ) . Also included in the 2017 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points .

neg: Eastern Conference (NHL) The Eastern Conference ( Conférence de l'Est ) is one of two conferences in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) used to divide teams . Its counterpart is the Western Conference .   Previously known as the Prince of Wales Conference ( or Wales Conference for short ) , it was created in 1974 when the NHL realigned its teams into two conferences and four divisions . Because the new conferences and divisions had little to do with North American geography , geographical references were removed . The conference was instead named for the Prince of Wales Trophy . . The current champions are the Pittsburgh Penguins , winning in 2016 -- 17 .   The Prince of Wales Trophy dates back to 1925 , when it was donated to the League by the then-current Prince of Wales , who later became King Edward VIII . It was originally given to the NHL 's champion . ( Until 1926 , the Stanley Cup was presented to the winner of a post-season playoff between the NHL and Western Hockey League champions . ) Since 1926 -- 27 , the Stanley Cup has gone to the NHL 's playoff champion . During the years when the NHL had no divisions , ( i.e. , 1925 -- 26 ; 1938 to 1967 ) , the Prince of Wales Trophy was presented to the League 's regular season champion ( analogous to today 's Presidents ' Trophy ) . From 1928 to 1937 , the Trophy went to the American Division regular season champion ; from 1967 to 1974 , it was presented to the East Division regular season champion ; and from 1974 to 1981 , it was presented to the Wales Conference regular season champion .   The conferences and divisions were re-aligned for the 1981 -- 82 to better reflect the geographical locations of the teams , but the existing names were retained with the Wales Conference becoming the conference primarily for the NHL 's eastern teams . The names of conferences and divisions were changed for the 1993 -- 94 season to reflect their geographic locations . Then-new NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman made the change to help non-hockey fans better understand the game , as the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , National Football League ( NFL ) and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) all use geographic-based names for their conferences and divisions . However , the trophy awarded to the conference champion , the Prince of Wales Trophy , retains some connection to the heritage of the League . In 2005 , following the 2004 -- 05 NHL lockout , Bettman changed the Eastern Conference logo ( along with the Western Conference and NHL logos ) to its current format .

neg: Africa Cup The Africa Cup is an annual rugby union tournament involving African nations , organised by Rugby Africa . The tournament was first held in 2000 , and has since been contested on an annual basis . Prior to being renamed the Africa Cup in 2006 , the tournament was known as the CAR Top 9 and CAR Top 10 .   Due to its too high level , South Africa is the best African nation . It did compete five times and won the competition three times . The Springboks aligned on these occasions were the under 23 or amateur players ( in 2005 , 2006 and 2007 ) .

neg: 1994 Hopman Cup The 1994 Hopman Cup was the sixth edition of the Hopman Cup that was held at the Burswood Entertainment Complex , in Perth , Australia . Jana Novotná and Petr Korda of the Czech Republic defeated Anke Huber and Bernd Karbacher of Germany in the final to win the title .

neg: 2003 Hopman Cup The 2003 Hopman Cup ( also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons ) was the fifteenth edition of the Hopman Cup tennis sporting event , held on 28 December 2002 through 4 January 2003 at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth , Australia . The champions are Serena Williams and James Blake of the United States , who defeated Alicia Molik and Lleyton Hewitt of Australia in the final .

neg: Temple Cup The Temple Cup was a cup awarded to the winner of a best-of-seven , post-season championship series in the National League , from 1894 to 1897 . The 30-inch-high ( 76.2-cm-high ) silver cup cost $ 800 , ( $ in dollars ) and was donated by coal , citrus , and lumber baron William Chase Temple , a part-owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates at the time . Much like the Stanley Cup of ice hockey and the Temple Cup 's predecessor the Dauvray Cup , there was only one actual Temple Cup .   There was only one major league at the time , so the series was played between the first - and second-place teams . The Temple Cup was also known as the World 's Championship Series . If one team won three titles , that team would have permanent possession of the Cup .

neg: Belgium at the Hopman Cup Belgium is a nation that has competed at six Hopman Cup tournaments and first competed in the 12th Hopman Cup in 2000 . Belgium has been the runner-up on one occasion , in 2011 , when they finished second in their group but after Serbia 's withdrawal from the final due to an abdominal injury sustained by Ana Ivanovic , they were promoted to face USA in the final .

neg: Dutch Cup (ice hockey) The Dutch Cup , better known in Dutch as the `` Beker '' or `` Bekercompetitie '' , is the national ice hockey cup in the Netherlands . It was held from 1938-1939 , and 1971-present . The Dutch Cup is usually an autumn competition that precedes or runs simultaneously with the regular season of the Eredivisie , the Dutch and Belgian semi-professional ice hockey league .   The format of the Dutch Cup competition is determined before each season and can vary depending on the number of teams competing . In 2011 , the format consisted of :  a 16-game preliminary round-robin , followed by  a three-game playoff round-robin among the top four teams in the preliminary round  a one-game final game among the top two teams from the playoff round .   In 2012-2013 , the Cup competition was a knock-out competition of home-and-home series among the six Dutch teams of the Eredivisie and eight teams of the Eerste Divisie , the Netherlands ' top amateur league .   The Dutch Cup is a separate competition from the Dutch National Championship , which is determined in a playoff amongst Eredivisie teams only .

neg: Speedway Champions Cup The Speedway Champions Cup was an annual motorcycle speedway event held each year organized by the International Motorcycling Federation ( FIM ) between 1986 and 1993 .   This competition featured the national champions of the top sixteen countries . It was held to give smaller speedway nations their own `` World Final '' , but was scrapped with the introduction of the Speedway Grand Prix in 1995 .

neg: Germany at the Hopman Cup Germany is a nation that has competed at fourteen Hopman Cup tournaments and first competed in the inaugural Hopman Cup in 1989 ( competing in 1989 under the name West Germany ) . Germany reached the final for three consecutive years between 1993 and 1995 , finishing as the runners-up in 1994 but winning the tournament on the other two occasions .

neg: Fed Cup Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women 's tennis , launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995 . The Fed Cup is the world 's largest annual women 's international team sports competition , in terms of the number of nations that compete .   The men 's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup . Australia , Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time .

neg: Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman , CBE ( née Hotchkiss ; December 20 , 1886 -- December 5 , 1974 ) was an American tennis player and founder of the Wightman Cup , an annual team competition for British and American women . She dominated American women 's tennis before World War I , and won 45 U.S. titles during her life .

neg: United Hospitals Cup The United Hospitals Challenge Cup is contested by the six medical schools in London and is most notable for being the 1st oldest rugby cup competition in the world .

neg: 2010 ATP World Tour The Association of Tennis Professionals ( ATP ) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP . The 2010 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments ( supervised by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) ) , the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 , the ATP World Tour 500 series , the ATP World Tour 250 series , the ATP World Team Championship , the Davis Cup ( organized by the ITF ) , and the ATP World Tour Finals . Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup , which does not distribute ranking points , and is organized by the ITF .

neg: CIS at the Hopman Cup The Commonwealth of Independent States ( or CIS ) is a regional organisation formed of former Soviet states that competed at the Hopman Cup in 1992 . It reached the quarterfinal stage of the tournament .   Since 1992 , four of the independent states which form the CIS have competed in the Hopman Cup individually . These are : Kazakhstan , Russia , Ukraine and Uzbekistan . Prior to 1992 , they all competed as the Soviet Union .

neg: List of sports rivalries A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes . This pressure of competition is felt by players , coaches , and management , but is perhaps felt strongest by the fans . The intensity of the rivalry varies from a friendly competition on one end to serious violence on the other that , in one case ( the Football War ) , was suggested to have led to military conflicts . Owners typically encourage rivalries as they tend to improve game attendance and television ratings for rivalry matches , but a rivalry that gets out of control can lead to fighting , hooliganism , rioting and some , with career-ending or even fatal consequences .   Rivalries stem from various sources . Simple geographic proximity as well as frequent meetings in important games can lead to rivalries . Games between two rivals of close geographical proximity are usually called a local derby , or simply just derby ( UK : -LSB- 'd ɑrbi -RSB- or US : -LSB- ˈdɜrbi -RSB- ) ; a sporting fixture between two teams from the same town , city or region , particularly in association football . The phrase most likely originated from The Derby , a horse race in England , founded by the 12th Earl of Derby in 1780 , since at least as early as 1840 ` derby ' has been used as a noun in English to denote any kind of sporting contest . In the United States , the term crosstown rivalry is more commonly encountered for this type of rivalry .   The town of Derby was renowned as the site of a chaotic and exuberant game that involved the whole town and often resulted in fatalities . The goals were at Nuns Mill in the north and the Gallows Balk in the south of the town , and much of the action took place in the River Derwent or the Markeaton Brook . Nominally the players came from All Saints ' and St Peter 's parishes , but in practice the game was a free-for-all with as many as 1,000 players . A Frenchman who observed the match in 1829 wrote in horror , ` if Englishmen call this play , it would be impossible to say what they call fighting ' . The traditional Shrovetide football match is commonplace in the town of Ashbourne , Derbyshire . ''

neg: 1996 World Cup of Hockey The first World Cup of Hockey ( WCH ) , or 1996 World Cup of Hockey , replaced the Canada Cup as one of the premier championships for professional ice hockey .

neg: 1992 Hopman Cup The 1992 Hopman Cup was the fourth edition to the Hopman Cup tennis event . Jakob Hlasek and Manuela Maleeva-Fragniere ( who mostly , but not in this case , played for Bulgaria ) of Switzerland beat Helena Suková and Karel Nováček of Czechoslovakia in the final at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth , Australia . The tournament took place between 27 December 1991 through 3 January 1992 .


query: The Illuminati are a part of some conspiracy theories.

pos: Illuminati The Illuminati ( plural of Latin illuminatus , `` enlightened '' ) is a name given to several groups , both real and fictitious . Historically , the name usually refers to the Bavarian Illuminati , an Enlightenment-era secret society founded on 1 May 1776 . The society 's goals were to oppose superstition , obscurantism , religious influence over public life and abuses of state power . `` The order of the day , '' they wrote in their general statutes , `` is to put an end to the machinations of the purveyors of injustice , to control them without dominating them '' . The Illuminati -- along with Freemasonry and other secret societies -- were outlawed through edict , by the Bavarian ruler , Charles Theodore , with the encouragement of the Roman Catholic Church , in 1784 , 1785 , 1787 and 1790 . In the several years following , the group was vilified by conservative and religious critics who claimed that they continued underground and were responsible for the French Revolution .   Many influential intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members , including Ferdinand of Brunswick and the diplomat Xavier von Zwack , who was the Order 's second-in-command . It attracted literary men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herder and the reigning dukes of Gotha and Weimar .   In subsequent use , `` Illuminati '' refers to various organisations which claim or are purported to have links to the original Bavarian Illuminati or similar secret societies , though these links are unsubstantiated . They are often alleged to conspire to control world affairs , by masterminding events and planting agents in government and corporations , in order to gain political power and influence and to establish a New World Order . Central to some of the most widely known and elaborate conspiracy theories , the Illuminati have been depicted as lurking in the shadows and pulling the strings and levers of power in dozens of novels , films , television shows , comics , video games , and music videos .

neg: Conspiracy (criminal) In criminal law , a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime at some time in the future . Criminal law in some countries or for some conspiracies may require that at least one overt act must also have been undertaken in furtherance of that agreement , to constitute an offense . There is no limit on the number participating in the conspiracy and , in most countries , no requirement that any steps have been taken to put the plan into effect ( compare attempts which require proximity to the full offence ) . For the purposes of concurrence , the actus reus is a continuing one and parties may join the plot later and incur joint liability and conspiracy can be charged where the co-conspirators have been acquitted or can not be traced . Finally , repentance by one or more parties does not affect liability -- unless , in some cases , it occurs before the parties have committed overt acts -- but may reduce their sentence .

neg: Mafia state This article refers to a systematic corruption of a government by major organized crime syndicates . For the greater connotation that literally means `` rule by thieves '' , see Kleptocracy .   A mafia state is a state system where the government is tied with organized crime , including when government officials , police , and/or military take part in illicit enterprises . The term mafia is a reference to any organized crime groups strongly connected with the authorities .   According to the critics of the mafia state concept , the term `` has now been so used and abused in popularized descriptions of organized criminal activity that it has lost much of its analytic value '' .   According to US diplomats , Alexander Litvinenko coined the phrase Mafia state .

neg: List of organizations described as Communist fronts by the US government This list of organizations described as Communist fronts by the US government includes the names of groups included in various reports of the Attorney General of the United States or House Un-American Activities Committee listing `` subversive '' or `` Communist '' front groups . While most of these were documentable mass organizations of the Communist Party , USA , others were included out of convenience or political expedience .   Inclusion on any of these lists should not be regarded as definitive proof of covert organizational ties or actual subversive intent .

neg: Antisemitic League of France The Antisemitic League of France ( Ligue antisémitique de France ) was founded in 1889 by the journalist Edouard Drumont . First known under the name of Ligue nationale antisémitique de France ( National Antisemitic League of France ) or Ligue antisémite française ( French Antisemitic League ) , this nationalist league was particularly active during the Dreyfus Affair . Beside spreading anti-Semitic propaganda , the League was also anti-Masonry and anti-Communist . It had as general delegates Jacques de Biez . Jules Guérin was an active member of it . The League was located on rue Lepic in Paris .   Its 1889 foundation was inspired by the success of Drumont 's antisemitic pamphlet La France juive ( 1886 ) , and also by the Boulangist crisis . It was supported by newspapers such as Drumont 's La Libre Parole ; Jules Guérin 's French weekly L'Antijuif ( fr ) ( Paris , 1896-1902 ) ; the daily La Cocarde ( fr ) ( 1888-1907 ) founded by Georges de Labruyère ( fr ) and edited September 1894 - March 1895 by Maurice Barrès ; Henri Rochefort 's L'Intransigeant ; and the Catholic newspaper La Croix .   Beside propaganda , the League also organized antisemitic demonstrations and provoked some riots , a method later generalized by the far-right leagues in France . It denounced the Panama scandals , took side against Alfred Dreyfus and spread conspiracy theories concerning the Masonry 's alleged activities in the Third Republic .   After a disagreement between Drumont and Guérin in 1899 , the League became , under the direction of Guérin , the Grand Occident de France , still antisemitic but even more anti-Masonic , the name itself being a reaction against the Masonic Grand Orient de France . It was thereafter essentially linked to Guérin 's newspaper , L'Antijuif . The League progressively disappeared after the `` Fort Chabrol '' affair and the arrest of Guérin . After an initial surge during the Dreyfus Affair , far right leagues appeared again during the interwar period .

neg: Lawsuits against the Devil Lawsuits against the devil ( or Satan ) have occurred in reality and in fiction .

neg: Hasidic Judaism Hasidism , sometimes Hasidic Judaism ( , hasidut , Ashkenazi pronunciation : -LSB- χaˈsidus -RSB- ; originally , `` piety '' ) , is a Jewish religious sect . It arose as a spiritual revival movement in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , what is now contemporary Western Ukraine , during the 18th century and spread rapidly throughout Eastern Europe . Today , most affiliates reside in the United States , Israel , and Britain . Israel Ben Eliezer , the `` Baal Shem Tov '' , is regarded as its founding father , and his disciples developed and disseminated it . Present-day Hasidism is a sub-group within Ultra-Orthodox ( `` Haredi '' ) Judaism and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion . Its members adhere closely both to Orthodox Jewish practice -- with the movement 's own unique emphases -- and the traditions of Eastern European Jews , so much that many of the latter , including various garments or the use of the Yiddish language , are nowadays associated almost exclusively with Hasidism .   Hasidic thought draws heavily on Lurianic Kabbalah and to an extent is a popularization of it . Teachings emphasize God 's immanence in the universe , the need to cleave and be one with Him at all times , the devotional aspect of religious practice , and the spiritual dimension of corporeality and mundane acts . Hasidim , the adherents of Hasidism , are organized in independent sects known as `` courts '' or dynasties , each headed by its own hereditary leader , a Rebbe . Reverence and submission to the Rebbe are key tenets , as he is considered a spiritual authority with whom the follower must bond to gain closeness to God . The various `` courts '' share basic convictions , but operate apart and possess unique traits and customs . Affiliation is often retained in families for generations , and being Hasidic is as much a sociological factor , entailing birth into a specific community and allegiance to a dynasty of Rebbes , as it is a purely religious one . There are several `` courts '' with many thousands of member households each , and dozens of smaller ones . The total number of Hasidim , both adults and children , is estimated to be above 400,000 .

neg: The Complex: An Insider Exposes the Covert World of the Church of Scientology The Complex : An Insider Exposes the Covert World of the Church of Scientology is a non-fiction book about the organization and practices of the Church of Scientology , written by former Scientologist John Duignan with Nicola Tallant . The book was published in Ireland on October 7 , 2008 by Merlin Publishing . Both of Duignan 's parents died when he was very young and as a result he had difficult experiences as a teenager . He met an attractive female Scientologist on the streets of Germany , who convinced him to take a free personality test from Scientology . After the test , he was told he had a result of `` Urgent Action Required '' , and he began to take Scientology courses . Duignan was recruited into Scientology 's elite paramilitary organization called the `` Sea Org '' , and spent a total of 22 years in the organization . After attending an event where actor and Scientologist Tom Cruise was given the award of `` Most Dedicated Follower '' , Duignan began to examine the organization more closely and had doubts about remaining . He left the organization in 2006 , after taking measures to avoid investigation by Scientology 's intelligence agency the Office of Special Affairs .   The Church of Scientology has responded to the publication of The Complex by sending legal letters to several bookstore retailers that were selling the book , claiming the book contains libelous statements about a member of the organization . Merlin Publishing `` emphatically denied '' these allegations , and an editorial director at the publishing company called Scientology 's claim `` vexatious '' . The United Kingdom branch of Amazon.com , Amazon.co.uk , stopped selling copies of the book after receiving legal letters from the Church of Scientology ; booksellers Waterstone 's and W H Smith also received the legal letter , and Borders Books may have also been `` warned off '' selling the book . A representative for Amazon.com in the United States said that the U.S. branch of the company will be selling copies of the book , but is `` awaiting arrival of the inventory '' to their networks .

neg: History of espionage Espionage , as well as other intelligence assessment , has existed since ancient times .

neg: Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' .   Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people .   Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative .   The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee .   Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .

neg: Occult The occult ( from the Latin word occultus `` clandestine , hidden , secret '' ) is `` knowledge of the hidden . '' In common English usage , occult refers to `` knowledge of the paranormal , '' as opposed to `` knowledge of the measurable , '' usually referred to as science . The term is sometimes taken to mean knowledge that `` is meant only for certain people '' or that `` must be kept hidden '' , but for most practicing occultists it is simply the study of a deeper spiritual reality that extends beyond pure reason and the physical sciences . The terms esoteric and arcane can also be used to describe the occult , in addition to their meanings unrelated to the supernatural .   It also describes a number of magical organizations or orders , the teachings and practices taught by them , and to a large body of current and historical literature and spiritual philosophy related to this subject .

neg: Priory of Sion The Prieuré de Sion ( French : IPA/API : -LSB- pʁijœʁe də sjɔ̃ -RSB- ) , translated as Priory of Sion , is the name given to a fringe fraternal organisation , founded and dissolved in France in 1956 by Pierre Plantard as part of a hoax . In the 1960s , Plantard created a fictitious history for that organization , describing it as a secret society founded by Godfrey of Bouillon on Mount Zion in the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1099 , conflating it with a genuine historical monastic order , the Abbey of Our Lady of Mount Zion . In Plantard 's version , the Priory was devoted to installing a secret bloodline of the Merovingian dynasty on the thrones of France and the rest of Europe . This myth was expanded upon and popularised by the 1982 pseudohistorical book The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail and later claimed as factual in the preface of the 2003 novel The Da Vinci Code .   After becoming a cause célèbre from the late 1960s to the 1980s , the mythical Priory of Sion was exposed as a ludibrium created by Plantard as a framework for his claim of being the Great Monarch prophesied by Nostradamus . Evidence presented in support of its historical existence and activities before 1956 was discovered to have been forged and then planted in various locations around France by Plantard and his accomplices . Nevertheless , many conspiracy theorists still persist in believing that the Priory of Sion is an age-old cabal that conceals a subversive secret .   The Priory of Sion myth has been exhaustively debunked by journalists and scholars as one of the great hoaxes of the 20th century . Some skeptics have expressed concern that the proliferation and popularity of books , websites and films inspired by this hoax have contributed to the subject of conspiracy theories , pseudohistory and other confusions becoming more mainstream . Others are troubled by the romantic reactionary ideology unwittingly promoted in these works .

neg: Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions .   Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original .   Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .

neg: Seven rays The seven rays is an occult concept that has appeared in several religions and esoteric philosophies , since at least the 6th century BCE , of the Aryan peoples in both Western culture and in India . In the west , it can be seen in early western mystery traditions such as Gnosticism and the Roman Mithraic Mysteries ; and in texts and iconic art of the Catholic Church as early as the Byzantine era . In India , the concept has been part of Hindu religious philosophy and scripture since at least the Vishnu Purana , dating from the post-Vedic era .   Beginning in the late 19th century , the seven rays appeared in a modified and elaborated form in the teachings of Theosophy , first presented by H. P. Blavatsky . The Theosophical concept of the seven rays was further developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the writings of the Theosophists C. W. Leadbeater , and by other authors such as Alice Bailey , Manly P. Hall , and others , including notably the teachings of Benjamin Creme and his group Share International ; and in the philosophies of organizations such as Temple of the People , The `` I AM '' Activity , The Bridge to Freedom , The Summit Lighthouse , The Temple of The Presence ( 1995 ) and various other such organizations promulgating what are called the Ascended Master Teachings , a group of religious teachings based on Theosophy .   As the New Age movement of the mid-to-late 20th century developed , the seven rays concept appeared as an element of metaphysical healing methods such as Reiki and other modalities , and in esoteric astrology .

neg: Conjuring Arts Research Center Conjuring Arts Research Center is a not-for-profit organization , based in New York City in the United States , dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of magic and its allied arts .   Established by magician David Blaine and consultant William `` Bill '' Kalush in 2003 , the Conjuring Arts Research Center has over 12,000 volumes of books , journals and rare documents related to magic and magic allied arts ( e.g. , ventriloquism , mentalism , juggling , Theatrical Séances , puppetry , circus arts , escapology , psychic and occult phenomenon , hypnosis and deceptive gambling . )   The collection contains several incunabula including several rare variations of the 15th century magic classic Reginald Scot 's Discovery of Witchcraft and 500 books written before the 18th century including those written in Latin , Dutch , Portuguese , Spanish , Italian , French , Japanese , German , Russian , Swedish . Many of these works are currently being translated into English .   Conjuring Arts Research Center serves magic performers , collectors , historians , writers and magic enthusiasts by making rare books , documents and ephemera available to them .   The Conjuring Arts Research Center also holds special events , publishes two volumes per year of the Gibeciere , a research journal with articles contributed by internationally recognized magic authors .   An important research tool of the Conjuring Arts Research Center is an on-line search engine called Ask Alexander . It is a magic-dedicated search tool . Bill Kalush and Larry Sloman 's book , The Secret Life of Houdini was researched on Ask Alexander .   The International Brotherhood of Magicians ' Board of Trustees recently granted the Conjuring Arts Research Center permission to provide the Linking Ring magazine files to its subscribing members through Ask Alexander .

neg: Wu-Syndicate Wu-Syndicate is a group from Virginia consisting of Joe Mafia , Napoleon , and Myalansky ( who named himself after the gangster Meyer Lansky ) . They were originally called Crime Syndicate but changed their name to Wu-Syndicate when they signed to Wu-Tang Records and became Wu-Tang Clan affiliates . After debuting on the compilation Wu-Tang Killa Bees : The Swarm in 1998 , their self-titled debut album Wu-Syndicate was released in 1999 on both Wu-Tang Records and their own label Slot Time Records . The album was , like most releases from Wu-Tang Clan affiliates during this time enjoyed moderately successful sales with the single `` Where Wuz Heaven '' going gold . Soon after the release there was a dispute of an unknown origin between the group and Wu-Tang Records and the group briefly changed their name to The Syndicate until 2009 with eventual reconciliation and the release of their second official album Grimlenz , produced mostly by Antagonist Dragonspit of Virginia Beach , VA. . Both Myalansky and Napoleon continue to work with Joe Mafia but have refused to work with each other since the release of their first album . In an interview Napoleon stated that though they have always clashed , `` Mya is still my dude though regardless '' . The group has maintained ties with various members of the Wu-Tang Family . Napoleon is currently working on a project with fellow Wu-Tang alumni Solomon Childs , Shaka Amazulu , and Dexter Wiggle called `` Illuminati Network '' . Joe Mafia released his debut solo album This One in 2002 and founded his own label called 58 West Diamond Street Records . Napoleon released his first solo album , Kingpin Wit Da Inkpen in 2007 and a mixtape titled Mark of the Beast in 2011 . Myalansky released his first solo album , Drastic Measures in 2008 and a mixtape a few years later in 2011 AMW.Com . Myalansky has also been working with California rapper Mitchy Slick and has released two more volumes of his AMW.Com mixtape series . In 2013 Myalansky and Joe Mafia featured on the song `` Golden Age Rapper '' by CHG Unfadable .

neg: Maleficium (sorcery) Maleficium as a Latin term means `` wrongdoing '' or `` mischief '' , and describes malevolent , dangerous , or harmful magic , `` evildoing , '' or `` malevolent sorcery '' . In general , the term applies to any magical act intended to cause harm or death to people or property . Maleficium can involve the act of poisoning or drugging someone . Practitioners of Melificium are not exclusively females , although , popular culture of witchcraft favors it . Women accused of Maleficium were punished by being imprisoned or even executed .   In the Byzantine Empire astrologers ( Lat . mathematici ) were considered magical wrongdoers , and so were heretics .   The term appears in several historically important texts , notably in the Formicarius ( printed 1475 ) and in the Malleus Maleficarum ( 1487 ) .   The Knights Templar were accused by Philip IV of France of maleficium . The trial of the Knights Templar set a social standard for the popular belief in maleficium and witchcraft that contributed to the great European witch hunt . In early New England , more men would get accused of such Maleficium that was `` non-malefic '' .

neg: The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power .   The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public .   In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) .   By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War .   The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President .   The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on .   The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction .   Category :1978 books  Category : Corruption  Category : Secret histories  Category : Thriller novels

neg: Thaumiel Thaumiel ( twins of God ) is the name of one of the Qliphoth in the Kabbalah , the shadow side of the Kabbalistic Tree of Life . It is the shadow of the Sephirah Keter ( the crown ) . While Keter is concerned with the unity of God , Thaumiel represents the dual contending forces , struggling , and it is represented by two giant heads with bat-like wings .   The Qliphoth are not the opposite of the Sephirot , but the shadow . They are the chaotic forces that are unleashed when one of the Sephirot is not in balance with the others . Therefore , although Keter is concerned with unity , implicit in its existence is the concept of duality . It is the first emanation from the Ein Sof , the point of consciousness that crystallises out of the vast emptiness . Without the forces of the other sephiroth to balance it , specifically Malkuth below , it would exist as something apart from the Ein Sof , God in his totality . However , since all the paradoxical and contending forces unleashed through Keter find their eventual rest and resolution in Malkuth , balance and the unity of God are maintained .   The ruler of Thaumiel is Satan . Satan in legend was the chief of the angels , holding a position similar to that of Kether . According to Islamic legend , after God created man , Satan and his angels refused to bow down before Adam . Ralph Austin describes that in the thought of the Islamic mystic , Ibn Arabi , the diabolical principle is that `` which resists the Self-Realizing urge to create the own-other object ( creation ) and insists in the sole right of pure spirit and transcendence , this being the reason for Satan 's refusal to obey God 's command to prostrate himself to Adam , from jealousy for the integrity of pure spirit . '' Seeing this in a kabbalistic way , this means the refusal of Kether , the pure spirit , to find completion and self-realisation through the act of emanation and creation , terminating in Malkuth . Satan therefore represents spiritual pride and arrogance .   `` Second , it is also that principle which insists on the separate reality of cosmic life and substance and which denies all primacy to the Spirit . In other words , it is that principle which would seek to insist on the separate reality of either pole , at the expense of the other , and thus to impair the original wholeness of the divine experience as the Reality by trying to sever the all-important link between `` own '' and `` other '' and consign each to mutually exclusive isolation in absurdity '' . Which neatly fits with the kabbalistic description of Satan as the master of ` The Dual Contending Forces ' .

neg: Superintelligence A superintelligence is a hypothetical agent that possesses intelligence far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human minds . `` Superintelligence '' may also refer to a property of problem-solving systems ( e.g. , superintelligent language translators or engineering assistants ) whether or not these high-level intellectual competencies are embodied in agents that act in the world . A superintelligence may or may not be created by an intelligence explosion and associated with a technological singularity .   University of Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom defines superintelligence as `` an intellect that is much smarter than the best human brains in practically every field , including scientific creativity , general wisdom and social skills . '' The program Fritz falls short of superintelligence even though it is much better than humans at chess because Fritz can not outperform humans in other tasks . Following Hutter and Legg , Bostrom treats superintelligence as general dominance at goal-oriented behavior , leaving open whether an artificial or human superintelligence would possess capacities such as intentionality ( cf. the Chinese room argument ) or first-person consciousness ( cf. the hard problem of consciousness ) .   Technological researchers disagree about how likely present-day human intelligence is to be surpassed . Some argue that advances in artificial intelligence ( AI ) will probably result in general reasoning systems that lack human cognitive limitations . Others believe that humans will evolve or directly modify their biology so as to achieve radically greater intelligence . A number of futures studies scenarios combine elements from both of these possibilities , suggesting that humans are likely to interface with computers , or upload their minds to computers , in a way that enables substantial intelligence amplification .   Some researchers believe that superintelligence will likely follow shortly after the development of artificial general intelligence . The first sentient machines are likely to immediately hold an enormous advantage in at least some forms of mental capability , including the capacity of perfect recall , a vastly superior knowledge base , and the ability to multitask in ways not possible to biological entities . This may give them the opportunity to -- either as a single being or as a new species -- become much more powerful than humans , and to displace them .   A number of scientists and forecasters argue for prioritizing early research into the possible benefits and risks of human and machine cognitive enhancement , because of the potential social impact of such technologies .

neg: Business Plot The Business Plot was an alleged political conspiracy in 1933 in the United States . Retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler claimed that wealthy businessmen were plotting to create a fascist veterans ' organization with Butler as its leader and use it in a coup d'état to overthrow President Franklin D. Roosevelt . In 1934 , Butler testified before the United States House of Representatives Special Committee on Un-American Activities ( the `` McCormack-Dickstein Committee '' ) on these claims . No one was prosecuted .   At the time of the incidents , news media dismissed the plot , with a New York Times editorial characterizing it as a `` gigantic hoax '' . While historians have questioned whether or not a coup was actually close to execution , most agree that some sort of `` wild scheme '' was contemplated and discussed .


query: Dragon is from a word.

pos: Dragon A dragon is a legendary creature , typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine , reptilian or avian traits , that features in the myths of many cultures around world . The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are   The European dragon , derived from European folk traditions and ultimately related to Balkans and Western Asian mythologies . Most are depicted as reptilian creatures with animal-level intelligence , and are uniquely six-limbed ( four legs and a separate set of wings ) .  The Chinese dragon , with counterparts in Japan ( namely the Japanese dragon ) , Korea and other East Asian and South Asian countries . Most are depicted as serpentine creatures with above-average intelligence , and are quadrupeds ( four legs and wingless ) .   The two traditions may have evolved separately , but have influenced each other to a certain extent , particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries . The English word dragon and Latin word draco derives from Greek δράκων ( drákōn ) , `` dragon , serpent of huge size , water-snake '' .

neg: Dactyl (poetry) A dactyl ( δάκτυλος , dáktylos , `` finger '' ) is a foot in poetic meter . In quantitative verse , often used in Greek or Latin , a dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short syllables , as determined by syllable weight . In accentual verse , often used in English , it is a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables -- the opposite is the anapaest ( two unstressed followed by a stressed syllable ) .   The Greek and Latin words δάκτυλος and dactylus are themselves dactyls ( and hence autological ) . The English word poetry is also a dactyl . A useful mnemonic for remembering this long-short-short pattern is to consider the relative lengths of the three bones of a human finger : beginning at the knuckle , it is one long bone followed by two shorter ones ( hence the name dactyl ) .   An example of dactylic meter is the first line of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's poem Evangeline , which is in dactylic hexameter :  This is the / forest prim - / eval . The / murmuring / pines and the / hem locks ,  The first five feet of the line are dactyls ; the sixth a trochee .   Stephen Fry quotes Robert Browning 's The Lost Leader as an example of the use of dactylic metre to great effect , creating verse with `` great rhythmic dash and drive '' :  Just for a handful of silver he left us Just for a riband to stick in his coat ''  The first three feet in both lines are dactyls .   Another example : the opening lines of Whitman 's `` Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking '' ( 1859 ) , his poem about the birth of his poetic voice :  Out of the cradle , endlessly rocking -LSB- a dactyl , followed by a trochee ( ` cradle ' ) ; then another dactyl followed by a trochee ( ` rocking ' ) -RSB-  Out of the mockingbird 's throat , the musical shuttle -LSB- 2 dactyls , then a trochee ( ` throat , the ' ) ; then another dactyl , followed by a trochee -RSB-  ...  The dactyl `` out of the ... '' becomes a pulse that rides through the entire poem , often generating the beginning of each new line , even though the poem as a whole , as is typical for Whitman , is extremely varied and `` free '' in its use of metrical feet .   Dactyls are the metrical foot of Greek elegiac poetry , which followed a line of dactylic hexameter with dactylic pentameter .

neg: Dilong Dilong ( ; lit . `` earth dragon '' ) is a Chinese dragon name that is also used to mean `` earthworm '' in Traditional Chinese Medicine and `` Geosaurus '' in Zoological nomenclature .

neg: Slavic dragon In Slavic mythology , the word `` zmey '' ( Bulgarian and Russian : змей , змеj ) and its cognates zmiy ( żmij , ) and zmaj ( Serbian and Bosnian : змај , Croatian , Slovene : zmaj ) , are used to describe a dragon . These words are masculine forms of the Slavic word for `` snake '' , which are normally feminine ( like Russian zmeya ) .   In Romania , there is a similar figure , derived from the Slavic dragon and named zmeu . In Polish and Belarusian folklore , as well as in the other Slavic folklore , a dragon is also called smok , tsmok .   Although quite similar to other European dragons , Slavic dragons have their peculiarities .

neg: Chromatic dragon A Chromatic dragon is a classification of fictional dragon found in the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons . In this setting , chromatic dragons are typically of evil alignment . They contrast to the metallic dragons , which are typically of good alignment .   Tiamat is the queen of chromatic dragons . Chromatic dragons have played a large role in various D&D monster compilation books : white , black , green , blue and red dragons being the classic chromatic dragons .

neg: Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken , is a Japanese manga based in the video game series Dragon Quest . It was originally created as a two-chapter short story titled `` Derupa ! Iruiru ! '' . Its subsequent success led to the three-chapter sequel `` Dai Bakuhatsu !!! '' ( Dai Explodes !!! ) , and later the serialization of Dai no Daibōken in Shueisha 's Weekly Shōnen Jump .   The manga later spawned an anime series , the second one based on the Dragon Quest franchise after Dragon Quest . Dragon Quest : Dai no Daibōken is one of the Weekly Shōnen Jumps best-selling manga series of all time , with roughly 40 million copies sold .

neg: Dragon (magazine) Dragon is one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products ; Dungeon is the other . TSR , Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company 's earlier publication , The Strategic Review . The final printed issue was # 359 in September 2007 . Shortly after the last print issue shipped in mid-August 2007 , Wizards of the Coast ( part of Hasbro , Inc. ) , the publication 's current intellectual property rightsholder , relaunched Dragon as an online magazine , continuing on the numbering of the print edition . The last published issue was No. 430 in December 2013 .   A digital publication called Dragon + , which replaces the Dragon magazine , launched in 2015 . It is created by Dialect in collaboration with Wizards of the Coast , and restarted the numbering system for issues at No. 1 .

neg: Dragon turtle A dragon turtle ( 龙龟 , Lóngguī ) is a legendary Chinese creature that combines two of the four celestial animals of Chinese mythology : the body of a turtle with a dragon is promoted as a positive ornament in Feng Shui , symbolizing courage , determination , fertility , longevity , power , success , and support . Decorative carvings or statuettes of the creature are traditionally placed facing the window .   Mapmakers sometimes drew dragon turtles along with other fantastical creatures in unexplored areas .

neg: Four-letter word The phrase four-letter word refers to a set of English-language words written with four letters which are considered profane , including common popular or slang terms for excretory functions , sexual activity and genitalia , terms relating to Hell or damnation when used outside of religious contexts or slurs . The `` four-letter '' claim refers to the fact that a large number of ( but not all ) English `` swear words '' are incidentally four-character monosyllables . This description came into use during the first half of the twentieth century .

neg: Dragon Island Dragon Island is a privately owned island off the northeast coast of New Zealand 's Great Barrier Island , located 95 km to the northeast of Auckland . The island provides Harataonga Bay on Great Barrier Island with shelter from easterly and southeasterly winds by blocking the bay from Pacific storms . The island is in relatively calm water , sheltered by the larger Rakitu Island to the north . It was once farmed but is now unpopulated and has reverted to scrub .   Dragon Island is also a name sometimes given ( quixotically ) to a small island in the Mediterranean Sea , a little more than one km wide at its greatest extent , and about 4 km long , located just off the southwestern point of the island of Majorca , approximately 210 km due east of Valencia , Spain . This island comprises the Parc Natural Sa Dragonera . It is the island referred to as Dragon Island in chapter eight of the historical novel Master and Commander by Patrick O'Brian .   There is also a Dragon Island in the fictional world of Narnia in the book The Voyage of the Dawn Treader . ''

neg: Spelling pronunciation A spelling pronunciation is the pronunciation of a word according to its spelling , at odds with a standard or traditional pronunciation . Words spelled with silent letters ( e.g. island , knife ) , or traditionally pronounced with reduced vowels or omitted consonants ( e.g. cupboard , Worcester ) , may be subject to a spelling pronunciation .   If a word 's spelling was standardized prior to sound changes that produced its `` traditional '' pronunciation , a spelling pronunciation may reflect an even older pronunciation . This is often the case with compound words ( e.g. waistcoat , cupboard , forehead ) . It is also the case for many words with silent letters ( e.g. often ) , though not all -- silent letters are sometimes added for etymological reasons , to reflect a word 's spelling in its language of origin ( e.g. victual , rhyming with little but derived from Late Latin victualia ) . Some silent letters were added on the basis of erroneous etymologies , as in the cases of the words island and scythe .   Spelling pronunciations are generally considered incorrect next to the traditionally accepted , and usually more widespread , pronunciation . If a spelling pronunciation persists and becomes more common , it may eventually join the existing form as equally acceptable ( for example waistcoat and often ) , or even become the dominant pronunciation ( as with forehead and falcon ) . If a rare word is more often encountered in writing than in speech , the spelling pronunciation may be assumed by most , while the traditional pronunciation is maintained only by older or educated individuals .

neg: Dragony Dragony is a power metal band from Vienna , Austria , which incorporates elements of symphonic metal in their style .

neg: List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations The following is a list of adjectival forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents . A country adjective describes something as being from that country , for example , `` Italian cuisine '' is `` cuisine of Italy '' . A country demonym denotes the people or the inhabitants of or from there , for example , `` Germans '' are people of or from Germany .  Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms .  The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish and Portuguese terminations '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the '' - o '' and adding '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively .   Adjectives ending in - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify ) .   Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cuisines , cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . )   Note - in cases where two or more adjectival forms are given , there is often a subtle difference in usage between the two . This is particularly the case with Central Asian countries where one form tends to relate to the nation and the other often relates to the predominant ethnic group ( e.g. , Uzbek is primarily an ethnicity , Uzbekistani relates to citizens of Uzbekistan ) .   In addition , several countries have a large number of sub-names for their citizens in the form of nicknames for people of certain different areas ; these are usually related to something typical of the area . In Puerto Rico for example , people who come from the town of Bayamon are referred to as `` Cowboy ( s ) '' or `` Cowgirl ( s ) '' ; those from Caguas are referred to as `` Criollo ( s ) '' or `` Criolla ( s ) '' . Except in cases such as Spain , in which sub-names have been used interchangeably by others , sub-names belonging to some areas in a country are not listed here .

neg: List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions The following is a list of adjectival forms of subcontinental regions in English and their demonymic equivalents , which denote the people or the inhabitants of these subcontinental regions .   Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms .  The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish termination '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the '' - o '' and adding '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively .   Adjectives ending - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify ) .   Where an adjective is a link , the link is to the language or dialect of the same name . ( Reference : Ethnologue , Languages of the World )   Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . )   Where an adjective is a link , the link is to the language or dialect of the same name .

neg: Dragon Fountain Dragon Fountain may refer to :  Fountains  Dragon Fountain , Copenhagen , a fountain in Copenhagen , Denmark  Dragon Fountain , a fountain in Schleiz , Germany   Other  Longquan , a Chinese city whose name means `` Dragon Fountain ''

neg: Slime (Dragon Quest) The Slime is the mascot of the Dragon Quest role-playing video game franchise . Originally inspired by the game Wizardry to be a weak and common monster for the video game Dragon Quest , Slime has appeared in almost every Dragon Quest game since . The character 's popularity led to the appearance of many varieties of slimes , including boss characters , and even emerging as the protagonist of the Rocket Slime video game series .   The Slime has been placed on a multitude of different kinds of merchandise . The Slime 's friendliness , limited power , and appealing form have caused the Slime to become a popular character and symbol of the Dragon Quest series .

neg: Diablo Diablo -LSB- diˈaβlo -RSB- is a Spanish word meaning `` Devil '' .   Diablo may also refer to :

neg: Dragon (Ninurta) The Dragon ( Sumerian : Ušum or Ushum ) was one of the warriors slain by Ninurta , patron god of Lagash , in Sumerian mythology . Its body was hung on the seat of his chariot according to the ancient source .

neg: Dord The word dord is a notable error in lexicography , an accidental creation , or ghost word , of the G. and C. Merriam Company 's staff in the New International Dictionary , second edition ( 1934 ) , in which the term is defined as a synonym for density used by physicists and chemists .   Philip Babcock Gove , an editor at Merriam-Webster who became editor-in-chief of Webster 's Third New International Dictionary , wrote a letter to the journal American Speech , fifteen years after the error was caught , in which he explained why `` dord '' was included in that dictionary .   On July 31 , 1931 , Austin M. Patterson , Webster 's chemistry editor , sent in a slip reading `` D or d , cont . / density . '' This was intended to add `` density '' to the existing list of words that the letter `` D '' can abbreviate . The slip somehow went astray , and the phrase `` D or d '' was misinterpreted as a single , run-together word : Dord ( This was a plausible mistake because headwords on slips were typed with spaces between the letters , making `` D or d '' look very much like `` D o r d '' ) . A new slip was prepared for the printer and a part of speech assigned along with a pronunciation . The would-be word got past proofreaders and appeared on page 771 of the dictionary around 1934 . It appeared between the entries for Dorcopsis ( a type of small kangaroo ) and doré ( golden in color . )   On February 28 , 1939 , an editor noticed `` dord '' lacked an etymology and investigated . Soon an order was sent to the printer marked `` plate change/imperative/urgent '' . In 1940 , bound books began appearing without the ghost word but with a new abbreviation ( although inspection of printed copies well into the 1940s show `` dord '' still present ) . The non-word `` dord '' was excised , `` density '' was added as an additional meaning for the abbreviation `` D or d '' as originally intended , and the definition of the adjacent entry `` Doré furnace '' was expanded from `` A furnace for refining dore bullion '' to `` a furnace in which dore bullion is refined '' to close up the space . Gove wrote that this was `` probably too bad , for why should n't dord mean ` density ' ? '' The entry `` dord '' was not removed until 1947 .

neg: Dragonstomper Dragonstomper is a role-playing video game programmed by Stephen Landrum and published in 1982 by Starpath . It was developed for the Atari 2600 video game system . Making use of the Starpath Supercharger , an analog cassette-based peripheral , Dragonstomper was perhaps the truest RPG for the Atari 2600 , which also had Raiders of the Lost Ark , and Adventure .   Dragonstomper follows the adventures of a dragon hunter who is given a quest by the king to defeat a dragon and reclaim a magical amulet that was stolen . The player makes his way over the countryside vanquishing various adversaries and gaining gold and experience . After gaining strength , the player enters a shop in an oppressed village where equipment can be purchased , soldiers hired , and special scrolls obtained to defeat the dragon in its lair . The final leg of the journey traverses into the dragon 's lair where he must avoid a series of traps strewn throughout the cave and defeat the dragon .   In November 2005 , Ed Lin writing for Forbes named `` Dragonstomper '' as `` the best title ever made in the history of U.S. videogaming '' by a single person . Lin singled out the game 's ingenuity , noting that '' -LSB- t -RSB- here were multiple ways to solve problems . One could descend to the dragon 's lair on a rope or simply jump down ( and absorb some damage ) . ''

neg: The Word (band) The Word is an American instrumental/sacred steel/gospel blues jam band . The supergroup includes well-known musicians : Robert Randolph ( pedal steel guitar ) , John Medeski ( keyboards ) , both members of North Mississippi Allstars - Luther Dickinson ( electric guitar ) , Cody Dickinson ( drums , washboard ) , and ex-North Mississippi Allstars bassist Chris Chew .   The Word developed from a mutual affection for gospel music and the Sacred Steel tradition shared by Medeski and members of the North Mississippi Allstars , both having discovered the phenomenon through a series of albums published by Arhoolie Records in the 1990s and early 2000s . Chris Chew and Luther Dickinson were particularly fond of a song called `` Without God '' on the Sacred Steel Live ! album , the only track credited to a then-unknown Robert Randolph . They contacted Randolph and recruited him to form their own Sacred Steel band , likely the first initiated by musicians outside the House of God church organization .   Musically , The Word is similar to other sacred steel bands , with the major difference being a total lack of vocals , both gospel singing and sing-song preaching that often accompanies such music in the original church setting . The organ and electric piano content , provided by Medeski , is more experimental and pronounced than in traditional sacred steel music , which originally developed from House of God churches filling the role of a pipe organ with the much less expensive steel guitar . Another unusual aspect of the music is that drummer Cody Dickinson plays electric washboard on certain songs , as he sometimes does with the North Mississippi Allstars . During live concerts , there is typically only one vocal microphone , used by Randolph to address the audience with encouragement and occasional exclamations of spiritual praise between songs . However , there is at least one example of bassist Chris Chew singing the lyrics to a traditional gospel song played by The Word , on January 1 , 2010 in Fort Lauderdale , Florida .   Their debut self-titled album , produced by Medeski and released on Ropeadope Records July 31 , 2001 , includes an updated version of `` Without God '' , the song that brought The Word together in the first place . The album contains a mixture of traditional gospel songs ( played with instrumental arrangements ) and original instrumentals written by the group . The group toured in 2002 and then reunited to tour again in late 2007/early 2008 . The group also played at the Bonnaroo festival in 2005 and 2012 , and on the Jam Cruise in 2010 . The group performed live on Conan on May 11 , 2015 and toured the United States that summer and fall .