query: Muhammad Ali was an exemplar of racial pride for resistance to white domination.

pos: Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali ( -LSB- ɑːˈliː -RSB- born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 -- June 3 , 2016 ) was an American professional boxer and activist . He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century . From early in his career , Ali was known as an inspiring , controversial , and polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring .   Cassius Clay was born and raised in Louisville , Kentucky , and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old . At age 18 , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year . At age 22 in 1964 , he won the WBA , WBC , and lineal heavyweight titles from Sonny Liston in a big upset . Clay then converted to Islam and changed his name from Cassius Clay , which he called his `` slave name '' , to Muhammad Ali . He set an example of racial pride for African Americans and resistance to white domination during the Civil Rights Movement .   In 1966 , two years after winning the heavyweight title , Ali further antagonized the white establishment by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military , citing his religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War . He was eventually arrested , found guilty of draft evasion charges , and stripped of his boxing titles . He successfully appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court , which overturned his conviction in 1971 , by which time he had not fought for nearly four years and thereby lost a period of peak performance as an athlete . Ali 's actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation .   Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight boxers of the 20th century . He remains the only three-time lineal heavyweight champion , having won the title in 1964 , 1974 , and 1978 . Between February 25 and September 19 , 1964 , Ali reigned as the undisputed heavyweight champion . He is the only boxer to be named The Ring magazine Fighter of the Year six times . He was ranked as the greatest athlete of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated , the Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC , and the third greatest athlete of the 20th century by ESPN SportsCentury . Nicknamed `` The Greatest '' , he was involved in several historic boxing matches . Notable among these were the first Liston fight ; the `` Fight of the Century '' , `` Super Fight II '' , the `` Thrilla in Manila '' versus his rival Joe Frazier , and `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' versus George Foreman .   At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking , Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight , where he was often provocative and outlandish . He was known for trash talking , and often freestyled with rhyme schemes and spoken word poetry , both for his trash talking in boxing and as political poetry for his activism , anticipating elements of rap and hip hop music . As a musician , Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and blues song , and received two Grammy Award nominations . As an actor , he performed in several films and a Broadway musical . Additionally , Ali wrote two autobiographies , one during and one after his boxing career .   As a Muslim , Ali was initially affiliated with Elijah Muhammad 's Nation of Islam ( NOI ) and advocated their black separatist ideology . He later disavowed the NOI , adhering initially to Sunni Islam and later to Sufism , and supporting racial integration , like his former mentor Malcolm X.   After retiring from boxing in 1981 , Ali devoted his life to religious and charitable work . In 1984 , Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson 's syndrome , which his doctors attributed to boxing-related brain injuries . As the condition worsened , Ali made limited public appearances and was cared for by his family until his death on June 3 , 2016 , in Scottsdale , Arizona .

neg: Club fighter A club fighter ( or clubfighter ) is a professional boxer who usually fights locally and has a mediocre record . Club fighters generally are not nationally recognized and have not won any fights that show the ability to win a championship . The term is often used as a pejorative for over-hyped fighters or for older boxers when they begin to decline . For example , Floyd Mayweather Jr. called Arturo Gatti `` a blown-up club fighter '' , even though Gatti was the WBC super lightweight champion at the time .   A club fighter is less respected than a contender , who defeats journeymen and club fighters in order to establish himself as a challenger for a world title . A journeyman is slightly more respected than a club fighter -- often by way of having a superficially good record .   Category : Boxing terminology  Category : Pejorative terms for people

neg: Cultural Revolution (Libya) The Cultural Revolution ( or People 's Revolution ) in Libya was a period of political and social change in Libya . It started with Gaddafi 's declaration of a cultural revolution during a speech in Zuwara on 15 April 1973 . This came after increasing tensions between Gaddafi and his colleagues in the Revolutionary Command Council ( RCC ) had led him to agree to step down . Gaddafi had told the RCC that he would announce his resignation to the people at the Zuwara speech , but he instead surprised them with his declaration of the Cultural Revolution . By the end of the Cultural Revolution period , Gaddafi was the uncontested leader of Libya .   The Cultural Revolution continued to at least September 1974 , when the independence of action of the People 's Committees was reduced by the national leadership in the Revolutionary Command Council . In a wider sense , it came to its conclusion in the establishment of Gaddafi 's `` state of the masses '' ( `` jamahiriya '' ) in 1977 .   The cultural revolution was presented as a period of democratization , a return back to Arab and Islamic values and spontaneous popular mobilization against five identified threats to the power of the people : Communism , conservatism , capitalism , atheism , and the Muslim Brotherhood .   In practice the cultural revolution marked the beginning of the sidelining of other Libyan political and religious leaders and the concentration of power in Gaddafi .

neg: Multiracial Americans Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of `` two or more races '' . The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially ( cf. the one-drop rule ) . In the 2010 US census , approximately 9 million individuals , or 2.9 % of the population , self-identified as multiracial . There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number , but people live according to social and cultural identities , not DNA . Historical reasons , including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans , often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity , generally that of the culture in which they were raised . Prior to the mid-20th century , many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities . While many Americans may be biologically multiracial , they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally , any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries .   After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era , and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country , more people are openly forming interracial unions . In addition , social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to `` pass '' as white . Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States , such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos . Since the 1980s , the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement ( cf. Loving Day ) . Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins , the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial . In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States ; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American .   Today , multiracial individuals are found in every corner of the country . Multiracial groups in the United States include many African Americans , Louisiana Creoles , Métis Americans , Mestizo Americans , Hapas , Melungeons , Lumbees , Houmas , and several other communities found primarily in the Eastern US . Many Native Americans are multiracial in ancestry while identifying fully as members of federally recognized tribes .

neg: Mahdi In Islamic eschatology , the Mahdi ( مهدي , ISO 233 : `` guided one '' ) is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for five , seven , nine , or nineteen years ( according to differing interpretations ) before the Day of Judgement ( , literally , the Day of Resurrection ) and will rid the world of evil .   There is no explicit reference to the Mahdi in the Qur ` an , but references to him are found in hadith ( the reports and traditions of Muhammad 's teachings collected after his death ) . According to Islamic tradition , the Mahdi 's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ( Isa ) , who is to assist the Mahdi against the Masih ad-Dajjal ( literally , the `` false Messiah '' or Antichrist ) . Differences exist in the concept of the Mahdi between Shia Muslims and adherents of the Sunni tradition . For Sunnis , the Mahdi is the Muslims ' future leader who is yet to come . For most Shia Muslims , the Mahdi was born but disappeared and will remain hidden from humanity until he reappears to bring justice to the world , a doctrine known as the Occultation . For Twelver Shia , this `` hidden Imam '' is Muhammad al-Mahdi , the Twelfth Imam .   Throughout history , various individuals have claimed to be the Mahdi . These have included Muhammad Jaunpuri , founder of the Mahdavia sect ; the Báb ( Siyyid Ali Muhammad ) , founder of Bábism ; Muhammad Ahmad , who established the Mahdist state in Sudan in the late 19th century ; and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , founder of the Ahmadiyya sect .

neg: Fatima Lodhi Fatima Lodhi ( born 29 September ) is a social activist ; who is also known as the `` Champion of Diversity '' because of the step that she has taken by launching ` Dark is Divine ' , the first anti-colorism campaign from Pakistan .  She has been awarded the Woman of Excellence & Young Woman Leadership Award . Fatima Lodhi is the first Pakistani who has taken a stand against Colorism .

neg: Second International Islamic Unity Conference From August 2 through the 4th , 1996 , some 7,000 attendees and over 125 speakers from around the globe attended a three-day marathon of lectures , parallel workshop sessions , prayer , praise of Muhammad and Islamic social interaction . Officially known as the International Islamic Unity Conference , it started off with a press session on Friday morning and ended with a parade through downtown Los Angeles on Sunday evening . Attendees praised the organizers for an excellent , though intense schedule of speeches by muftis , Islamic scholars , international political leaders , American political figures and an array of interfaith events .   Chaired by Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani , the conference was sponsored by As-Sunnah Foundation of America , the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order and by a number of other charitable and religious organizations .   Many felt the conference organization was exemplary , the facilities at the Los Angeles ' Westin Bonaventure Hotel excellent and the wide variety of cultural food and Islamic entertainment very apropos for such an international event . The many San Francisco Bay Area attendees were happy to find a number of prominent local Islamic activists featured , as well as those from national ISNA , IQRA , MPAC and other national Islamic organizations well represented .   The spirit of unity was especially apparent at the `` Peace in the Streets '' session , where about 20 former gang leaders , along with the popular rap star MC Hammer , took shahada with Shaykh Nazim al-Qubrusi , Grand-mufti of Cyprus and worldwide leader of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order .   Attendees were treated to sessions on politics , importance of schools of thought , purification of the heart , establishing Islamic economic power , educational curriculum initiative and many other subjects , discussed from the main podium as well as in intimate workshops where speakers and attendees were able to express their views . A major event occurred on Saturday night , with the launching of the International Day of the Orphan , which is expected , given the sponsorship of California 's Assembly , and endorsement by a number of international organizations , to become a globally sponsored day for recalling the plight of orphans and children in difficulty .

neg: Romantic racism Romantic racism is a form of racism in which members of a dominant group project their fantasies onto members of oppressed groups . Feminist scholars have accused Norman Mailer , Jack Kerouac , and other Beatnik authors of the 1950s of romantic racism . They maintain that the dominant mainstream culture of the 1950s in the United States stressed conformity and held up middle-class suburban families as the cultural ideal , and that it was indifferent to art and literature , upheld racial segregation , and despised or ignored black achievements , such as jazz . Those , like the novelist Norman Mailer , who felt limited by or alienated from mainstream culture , sought out influences from other cultures as form of rebellion . Mailer , a great fan of jazz music , created his concept of what it meant to be `` hip , '' or a member of the white urban counterculture , largely on his perception of the culture of urban African-Americans ( with whom the expression `` hip '' , meaning `` in the know '' , originated ) and articulated his vision in his essay `` The White Negro . '' Mailer , who considered himself an opponent of Victorian sexual repression and regimentation , idealized what he saw as the sexual and other freedoms of minority and other counter-cultural groups , overlooking the fact that in these groups sexual exploitation of women sometimes occurred.These critics consider his depictions of what he imagines African-American life to be like as an instance of what they call `` romantic racism '' , contending that he implies that in urban ghettoes -- filled with sex , drugs , and violence -- life is somehow enriched , rather than hurt , by poverty and crime . Mailer 's essay has also been criticized for spreading the stereotype of African-American men as hypermasculine and hypersexual .

neg: Asian South Africans The majority of Asian South Africans are of Indian origin , most of whom are descended from indentured workers transported to work in the 19th century on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area , then known as Natal . They are largely English speaking , although many also retain the languages of their ancestors . There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans ( approximately 300,000 individuals ) , of whom the great majority are recent immigrants of the last two decades .   In total the 1.2 million Asians in South Africa represent about two percent of the nation 's population . Most are of Indian or South Asian origin , although there is also a rapidly increasing number of people of Chinese , who were sometimes classified as Coloured ( mixed race ) , `` Other '' , or at least partially as `` White '' under Apartheid ) . Traditionally , the group does not include the `` Cape Malays '' , who were descended ( at least in part ) from South East Asians , who were classified as `` Coloured '' under apartheid .   The term Indian is far more commonly used than Asian in South Africa , although examples of both usages can be found .

neg: Brotherhood and unity Brotherhood and unity was a popular slogan of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia that was coined during the Yugoslav People 's Liberation War ( 1941 -- 45 ) , and which evolved into a guiding principle of Yugoslavia 's post-war inter-ethnic policy . In Slovenia , the slogan `` Brotherhood and Peace '' ( bratstvo i mir ) was used in the beginning .   After the invasion of Yugoslavia by Axis forces in April 1941 , the occupying powers and their helpers sought to systematically incite hatred among the many national , ethnic and religious groups of Yugoslavia . The Yugoslav Communist Party successfully publicized the brotherhood and unity of Yugoslavia 's nations ( narodi ) and national minorities ( nacionalne manjine , later renamed to narodnosti ) in their struggle against the fascist enemy and domestic collaborators . The decision of the second session of AVNOJ on the federalization of Yugoslavia in 1943 was regarded as the recognition of this Brotherhood and Unity principle .   After the war , the slogan designated the official policy of inter-ethnic relations in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , as embodied in its federal constitutions of 1963 and of 1974 . The policy prescribed that Yugoslavia 's nations ( Serbs , Macedonians , Croats , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Muslims ) and national minorities ( Albanians , Hungarians , Romanians , Bulgarians , Jews , Italians , and others ) are equal groups that coexist peacefully in the federation , promoting their similarities and interdependence in order to overcome national conflicts and hatred . Every individual was entitled to the expression of their own culture , while the ethnic groups had an oath to one another to maintain peaceful relations . Citizens were also encouraged and allowed to declare their nationality as Yugoslav , which usually polled at 10 % . The policy also led to the adoption of national quota systems in all public institutions , including economic organizations , in which national groups were represented by their republic 's or province 's national composition .   Throughout Yugoslavia many factories , schools , public venues , folklore ensembles and sporting teams used to be named `` Brotherhood and unity '' , as well as the Ljubljana-Zagreb-Beograd-Skopje highway ( Highway `` Brotherhood and Unity '' ) . The country had a decoration called the Order of the Brotherhood and Unity .   Several prominent persons from former Yugoslavia were convicted for activities deemed to threaten the brotherhood and unity , such as acts of chauvinist propaganda , separatism and irredentism . Among the convicts were the former presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Alija Izetbegović ) and Croatia ( Franjo Tuđman and Stjepan Mesić ) , Croatian army general of Albanian descent Rahim Ademi and many others . One Kosovo Albanian , Adem Demaçi , was imprisoned for almost 30 years for allegations of espionage and irredentism .

neg: Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times Muhammad Ali : His Life and Times is an award-winning biography of the boxer Muhammad Ali , written in 1991 by Thomas Hauser . It won the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award in that year .   A review of the book in the Chicago Tribune states :

neg: Ella Little-Collins Ella Little-Collins ( 1914 - 1996 ) was an American civil rights activist and the half-sister of Malcolm X . She was born in Butler , Georgia , to Earl Little and Daisy Mason-Little ; her paternal grandparents were John ( Big Pa ) Lee Little and Ella Gray-Little , and her siblings , including half-siblings , were Mary , Earl Lee Jr. , Wilfred , Philbert , Hilda , Reginald , Malcolm , Wesley , and Evonne . She worked as congressman Adam Clayton Powell 's secretary , the manager of her mother 's grocery store , and an investor in house property , which she let out as rooming houses . She joined the Nation of Islam in the mid-1950s and helped establish its mosque in Boston and a day-care center attached to it , although she left the Nation in 1959 to become a Sunni Muslim . She supported black and ethnic studies programs in universities across the United States and founded the Sarah A. Little School of Preparatory Arts in Boston .   In his autobiography , Malcolm X wrote about the impact his first meeting with his half-sister had on him . She came to visit when he was in seventh grade , and he described her as `` the first really proud black woman I had ever seen '' and wrote `` I had never been so impressed with anybody . '' At the end of the school year , he moved to Roxbury to live with her , and she was his guardian until he turned 21 . Her home , the Malcolm X -- Ella Little-Collins House , is the last known surviving childhood home of Malcolm X. Its exterior was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1998 .   When Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam in 1964 , Little-Collins paid for him to make the Hajj . She also paid his funeral and business expenses after his assassination , and took over his Organization of Afro-American Unity , including his project of giving 35 scholarships from Al-Azhar University in Cairo , Egypt , and from the University of Ghana to students wishing to study overseas .   In 1988 , both of Little-Collins ' legs were amputated due to gangrene . She died in 1996 .   The Ella Collins Institute at the Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center is named after her ; its goal is `` to establish a vibrant community by joining a classical understanding of Islam with modern scholarship and a healthy understanding of the current cultural context . ''

neg: J.H. McLaughlin James Hiram McLaughlin ( June 8 , 1844 -- September 11 , 1905 ) ( also known as Colonel J.H. McLaughlin or simply J.H. McLaughlin ) was a wrestling champion in the United States in the 19th century . He is generally considered the first American professional wrestling champion , and along with William Muldoon , was one of the two key people to establish and popularize professional wrestling in the United States . The 6-foot-1 McLaughlin weighed between 215 and 265 pounds , depending on whether he 'd kept himself in fighting shape . He was born in Oriskany , New York .   McLaughlin was known for his superior Irish-style `` collar-and-elbow '' standing skills , in which throwing an opponent was the aim . However , he also excelled at the rougher , undisciplined catch-as-catch-can style which was then prominent , and three opponents are known to have died as a result of wrestling McLaughlin .   Newspaper accounts of the time are sometimes exaggerated , and even in the late 19th century , numerous fans and reporters already regarded the burgeoning sport 's credibility with skepticism . However , contemporary reports of McLaughlin 's earnings , including the side bets that were commonly several multiples of his official pay , indicate that he was phenomenally well-compensated . Adjusting for inflation , it is possible that he was the highest-paid wrestler in history .   McLaughlin 's wrestling career began in earnest with a few matches just before the U.S. Civil War . His first was in 1859 against the irascible Hiram McKee . Though half McKee 's age , McLaughlin may have outweighed his opponent , who he successfully pinned . When McKee angrily demanded a rematch , McLaughlin lost his temper and threw McKee to the ground , fracturing McKee 's leg . McKee fought for the Union Army during the war , while continuing to pursue wrestling , which was a popular pastime among the troops . After defeating Louis Ainsworth in 1866 or 1867 , McLaughlin declared himself to be the collar-and-elbow champion of America . Even after losing a bout to Homer Lane in 1868 , the public still regarded McLaughlin 's claim to the title .   In March 1870 , a tournament was held , and is believed to have been wholly legitimate . McLaughlin emerged as the winner , and was awarded a belt with a gold buckle , which he would later put at stake in matches . In the tournament final , McLaughlin was safely ahead in a match against Barney Smith , but the referee declined to end the match . McLaughlin ended the match by either slamming Smith on his head or off the stage ( accounts differ ) , delivering an impact which led to Smith 's mental incapacitation and eventual death from cranial trauma . The remorseful McLaughlin gave his tournament winnings to Smith 's widow , saying `` I forgot I was so wicked strong . ''   McLaughlin successfully defended his golden belt for the next year , before announcing his retirement in mid-1871 . Despite remaining inactive for nearly four years , he was generally considered the reigning champion . His next match came in February 1875 , with a decisive win over Mike Whalen in which he collected $ 2,500 for the match itself , and another $ 15,000 by betting on himself , more than half a million dollars in today 's money . McLaughlin did not fight again for a year , winning a January 1876 rematch against Joe Benjamin , who he 'd beaten five years earlier . He fought several times that year , including two draws and a win against James H. Martin . But the year took its toll on McLaughlin 's opponents . Dutch Hogan died after wrestling McLaughlin , and Charles Meier was paralyzed . It was at this point that McLaughlin publicly declared his intention to restrict his future fights to collar-and-elbow rules , rather than the anything-goes style that led to those in-ring tragedies .   In December 1876 , McLaughlin injured his heel in an exhibition tune-up match , leaving him at a disadvantage for a title match against James Owens a few weeks later . That bout lasted more than five hours , with McLaughlin protecting his injured foot , and Owens being reluctant to press the advantage against the larger and stronger McLaughlin . Ultimately Owens won the title in two straight falls .   McLaughlin spent a few months healing before winning three matches in the spring , then retired again . McLaughlin gained a substantial amount of weight during his sabbatical , but was lured out of retirement in November 1878 against the formidable John McMahon . McLaughlin defeated McMahon in a rematch three weeks later , and a third contest the following March resulted in a draw .   Almost four years later , at the end of 1882 , McLaughlin beat Canadian champion Edras Lambert . In 1884 , he reentered the competition with a series of bouts . In January , he beat top star H.M. Dufur to capture his third collar-and-elbow championship . In March , he lost to Duncan C. Ross , then beat Ross three weeks later , then lost a rematch to Dufur three weeks after that . A month later , in June , he defeated Dufur for his fourth title , before relinquishing it to Dufur at the end of July . Wrestling reporter/historian Dave Meltzer believes the back-and-forth results and the shortened time between the matches suggests that the sequence and outcomes of these matches were most likely deliberately prearranged by the wrestlers to excite public interest , and maximize the payout . Four months later , McLaughlin split a pair of matches with William Muldoon in November and December . Muldoon won the rematch , and assumed McLaughlin 's spot as the nation 's preeminent wrestling star .   The second Muldoon match marked the effective end of McLaughlin 's professional career and title hopes . However , in 1901 , McLaughlin emerged in the Yukon territory as part of a threesome of wrestlers , travelling from town to town pretending to confront and challenge one another over the `` real '' championship . The other wrestlers , primarily future star Frank Gotch and Joe Carroll , used pseudonyms , but McLaughlin 's name was still a draw after forty years . Their alleged antipathy included the first high-profile `` three way '' match , in which McLaughlin , Gotch and Carroll wrestled one another in five different styles , purportedly to determine which of the three was the most versatile . Gotch would emerge the winner of these round robin challenges .   McLaughlin died four years later , aged 61 , on September 11 , 1905 , in Fairmont , Alaska .   He was an inductee into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame class of 2016 .

neg: Ali Ali ( -LSB- ˈɑːli , _ ɑːˈliː -RSB- -LSB- علي , ʿAlī -RSB- , -LSB- ʕaliː -RSB- ; 15 September 601 -- 29 January 661 ) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad , the prophet of Islam . He ruled over the Caliphate from 656 to 661 , and was Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661 .   Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad , ` Ali was the only person born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka ` bah in Mecca , the holiest place in Islam , according to many classical Islamic sources , especially Shia ones . ` Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam . After migrating to Medina , he married Muhammad 's daughter Fatimah . Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community . He was appointed caliph by Muhammad 's Companions ( Sahaba ) in 656 , after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated . ` Ali 's reign saw civil wars and in 661 , he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa , dying two days later .   ` Ali is important to various Sunni and Shi`ite denominations politically , legislatively and spiritually . The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased due to sectarianism , but they agree that he was a pious Muslim , devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur ' an and the Sunnah . While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun ( rightly guided ) caliphs , Shi`ites regard ` Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm . Shias also believe that ` Ali and the other Shi`ite Imams ( all of whom are members of the Ahl al-Bayt , Muhammad 's household ) are the rightful successors to Muhammad . This disagreement split the Ummah ( Muslim community ) into the Sunni and Shia branches .

neg: The Soul of a Butterfly The Soul of a Butterfly is the autobiography of Muhammad Ali , born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. , a former heavyweight boxer who was a three time World Heavyweight Champion and is the greatest heavyweight of all time .   It is written in collaboration with his daughter , Hana Yasmeen Ali . It is not a comprehensive autobiography but a breakdown of the important events and experiences in his life ; this is suggested in the book 's subtitle , Reflections on Life 's Journey .   The book includes some of his and his daughter 's poetry , and snippets of Sufi thought .   A chapter of the book is written solely by his daughter , Hana , where she recounts an experience with her father , and goes on to reflect upon what she means to him and what she has learned from him .   A review in the New York Times describes the book as `` an elliptical , collagelike memoir that offered a philosophical look back at his life . ''

neg: Black Power movement The Black Power movement was a political movement to achieve a form of Black Power and the many philosophies it contains . The movement saw various forms of activism some violent and some peaceful , all hoping to achieve black empowerment . The Black Power movement also represented socialist movements , all with the general motivation of improving the standing of black people in society . Originated during the Civil Rights Movement , some doubted the philosophy of the movement begging for more radical action , taking influences from Malcolm X . The cornerstone of the movement was the Black Panther Party , a Black Power organization dedicated to socialism and the use of violence to achieve it . The Black Power movement developed in the criticisms of the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s , and over time and into the 1970s , the movement grew and became more violent . After years of violence , many left the movement and the police began arresting violent actors in the movement . The Black Power movement also spilled out into the Caribbean creating the Black Power Revolution .   Motivated by principles of community control , Black Power activists founded scores of institutions and services , including black-owned bookstores , food cooperatives , farms , media , printing presses , schools , clinics , and ambulance services .

neg: Bobby Lashley Franklin Robert `` Bobby '' Lashley ( born July 16 , 1976 ) is an American professional wrestler , mixed martial artist , former collegiate amateur wrestler and former United States Army sergeant currently signed to both Bellator MMA , where he is undefeated through five heavyweight fights , and to Impact Wrestling , where he is the current Impact Wrestling World Heavyweight Champion in his fourth reign .   In TNA , along with his four reigns as TNA World Heavyweight Champion , Lashley is a one-time X Division Champion and one-time and final King of the Mountain Champion . He is also known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , where he is a two-time ECW World Champion and one-time United States Champion . Lashley is a six time world champion ( 2 ECW , 4 TNA ) the first Black/African American to win the ECW and the only to win the TNA , he currently serves as the face of Impact Wrestling .   Lashley attended Missouri Valley College , where he won three national college amateur wrestling championships , in 1996,1997 and 1998 , he was the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ( NAIA ) National Wrestling Champion . He later joined the United States Army , where he continued to wrestle . He was training for the Olympics in 2004 , when he suffered a knee injury while doing business at a bank where a robbery broke out . The injury ended his Olympic plans , and he went into professional wrestling soon after .

neg: The Trials of Muhammad Ali The Trials of Muhammad Ali is a 2013 American documentary about the heyday of boxer Muhammad Ali 's career , with special focus on his conversion to Islam and his refusal to fight in the Vietnam War .

neg: Civil rights movements Civil rights movements are a worldwide series of political movements for equality before the law , that peaked in the 1960s . In many situations they have been characterized by nonviolent protests , or have taken the form of campaigns of civil resistance aimed at achieving change through nonviolent forms of resistance . In some situations , they have been accompanied , or followed , by civil unrest and armed rebellion . The process has been long and tenuous in many countries , and many of these movements did not , or have yet to , fully achieve their goals , although the efforts of these movements have led to improvements in the legal rights of some previously oppressed groups of people , in some places .   The main aim of the successful Civil Rights Movement and other social movements for civil rights included ensuring that the rights of all people were and are equally protected by the law . These include but are not limited to the rights of minorities , women 's rights , and LGBT rights .

neg: Assassination of Ali Ali ibn Abi Talib , the fourth ( last ) Sunni Rashidun caliph and first Shia Imam , was assassinated by a Kharijite called Ibn Muljam on 26 January 661 at the Great Mosque of Kufa , in present-day Iraq . Ali , who was then 62 or 63 years of age , died due to his injuries two days after Ibn Muljam struck him on his head by a poison-coated sword , on the 21 ( or 19 ) Ramadan 40 AH ( 28 January 661 CE ) . He was the third successive caliph , after Umar and Uthman , to be assassinated .   Ali became the caliph after the assassination of Uthman in 656 . However he faced opposition from various factions including the Levant governor , Muawiyah I . A civil war , called the First Fitna , took place within the early Islamic state which resulted in the overthrow of the Rashidun caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty . It began when the caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated in 656 and continued through the four-year reign of Ali .  After Ali agreed to arbitration with Muawiyah I following the Battle of Siffin ( 657 ) , a revolt happened against him by some members of his army , later known as Kharijites ( `` those who leave '' ) . They killed some of Ali 's supporters , but they were crushed by Ali 's forces at the Battle of Nahrawan in July 658 .   Ibn Muljam met up with two other Kharijites namely al-Burak ibn Abd Allah and Amr ibn Bakr al-Tamimi at Mecca , and concluded that the situation of the Muslims at the time was due to the errors of Ali , Muawiah and Amr ibn As , governor of Egypt . They decided to kill the three in order to resolve the `` deplorable situation '' of their time and also avenge their companions killed at Nahrawan . Aiming to kill Ali , Ibn Muljam headed toward Kufa where he fell in love with a woman whose brother and father had died at Nahrawan . She agreed to marry him if only he could kill Ali . Consequently , Ali was stabbed by Ibn Muljam at the Great Mosque of Kufa . After Ali 's death , Ibn Muljam was executed in retaliation by Hasan ibn Ali .

neg: Racebending __ NOTOC __  Racebending is a neologism used to describe a process where a character 's perceived race or ethnicity is changed in a narrative by an adapter as it is created in a new media form . The term was coined by one of the founders of the website Racebending.com , which was created to protest the casting of white actors in the 2010 film The Last Airbender , where the originating TV series Avatar : The Last Airbender featured characters of East Asian appearance . The term `` racebending '' was derived from Avatar characters ' ability to manipulate or `` bend '' the classical elements of water , earth , fire , and air . Assistant Professor Kristen J. Warner wrote that the term has `` many definitions and contexts '' , such as being the industrial practice of color-blind casting or writing fan fiction , the latter being `` when writers change the race and cultural specificity of central characters or pull a secondary character of color from the margins , transforming her into the central protagonist . ''   In 2010 , Racebending.com and the Media Action Network for Asian Americans ( MANAA ) urged boycotts of The Last Airbender as well as Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time due to their practices of racebending . Prince of Persia was criticized for casting white actors for the principal cast instead of actors of Iranian or Middle Eastern descent .   Fan activism over The Last Airbender led to the term becoming prevalent and becoming the name of the activist movement . Activists used the term interchangeably with `` whitewashing '' to describe white actors being cast as non-white characters in adaptations of media . Pastes Abbey White said in 2016 that the term was subsequently adopted to apply to actors of color being cast in traditionally white roles . White said , `` In the last several years , racebending has become a practice used more and more to help networks diversify their ensembles and capture a bigger audience . Not only has it resulted in more racial visibility on the small screen , but in a far more unexpected way , racebending can generate deeper and more significant depictions of characters . ''


query: Radiohead released an album.

pos: The Bends The Bends ( stylised as the bends ) is the second studio album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead , released on 13 March 1995 by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom and by Capitol Records in the United States . The album was produced by John Leckie and engineered by Nigel Godrich , who would go on to co-produce all future albums by the band . The Bends marked the beginning of a shift in aesthetics and themes for the band , with greater use of keyboards and more abrasive guitar tracks , while balancing them with subtler ones . The introspective grunge-influenced style of their debut album Pablo Honey ( 1993 ) evolved into more multi-layered rock with cryptic lyrics and larger ideas , as the band and its lead singer and songwriter Thom Yorke reacted against the rigours of their near-constant world tours .   The Bends received greater critical acclaim than Pablo Honey , receiving an enthusiastic critical reaction , and it reached # 4 on the UK Albums Chart . However , it failed to build on the commercial success of `` Creep '' outside of the United Kingdom , and it peaked on the United States charts at # 88 . Although it lacked the instant success of Radiohead 's subsequent albums , The Bends achieved triple platinum sales certifications in the UK and Canada , as well as platinum sales certifications in the United States ( by the Recording Industry Association of America ) and Europe . The album spawned five charting singles ; My Iron Lung was first released as an EP in 1994 before the album was released , and `` High and Dry '' was later released with the album 's opener `` Planet Telex '' as its B-side . `` Fake Plastic Trees '' was released as the album 's second single and was followed by `` Just '' . `` Street Spirit ( Fade Out ) '' , the final single from the album , became their first top 5 hit in the United Kingdom . In the years since its release , the album has frequently appeared in listener polls and critics ' lists of the greatest albums of all time .

pos: In Rainbows In Rainbows is the seventh studio album by the English rock band Radiohead , self-released on 10 October 2007 as a pay-what-you-want download . It was followed by a physical release internationally by XL Recordings on 3 December 2007 and in the United States on 1 January 2008 by TBD Records . It was Radiohead 's first release after their recording contract with EMI ended with their previous album Hail to the Thief ( 2003 ) .   Radiohead worked on In Rainbows for more than two years , beginning in early 2005 . In mid-2006 , after their initial recording sessions with new producer Spike Stent proved fruitless , the band toured Europe and North America performing In Rainbows material before re-enlisting their longtime producer Nigel Godrich . The album is more personal than previous Radiohead albums , with singer Thom Yorke describing most of the songs as his versions of `` seduction songs '' . Radiohead incorporated a variety of musical styles and instruments , using electronic instruments , string arrangements , piano , and the ondes Martenot .   The album 's pay-what-you-want release , the first for a major act , made headlines around the world and sparked debate about implications for the music industry . The physical release debuted at # 1 on the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200 chart . By October 2008 , In Rainbows had sold over three million copies worldwide . It received critical acclaim and was ranked one of the best albums of 2007 , and the decade , by many publications . It won two Grammy Awards for Best Alternative Music Album and Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package . In 2012 , Rolling Stone placed In Rainbows at number 336 on their updated list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time .

pos: Pablo Honey Pablo Honey is the debut studio album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead , released on 22 February 1993 by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom and by Capitol Records in the United States . The album was produced by Sean Slade and Paul Q. Kolderie , and was recorded at Chipping Norton Recording Studios and Courtyard Studio in Oxfordshire , England from September to November 1992 . The album 's title comes from a Jerky Boys prank call skit in which the prank caller says to his victim , `` Pablo , honey ? Please come to Florida ! '' This is sampled on the song `` How Do You ? '' .   The album received a generally favourable reception from critics , but some criticized its grunge sound as derivative and found certain songs underdeveloped . The work is often held in a negative light in comparison to the band 's subsequent studio albums , though some retrospectives are positive toward it . The album produced three charting singles , `` Anyone Can Play Guitar '' , `` Stop Whispering '' , and perhaps the band 's most well-known hit on mainstream radio , `` Creep '' . Pablo Honey peaked at # 22 on the UK Albums Chart , and was certified platinum in the UK and other countries .

pos: Kid A Kid A is the fourth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead , released on 2 October 2000 by Parlophone . On the verge of a breakdown after promoting Radiohead 's 1997 album OK Computer , songwriter Thom Yorke envisioned a radical change in direction . Radiohead replaced their rock sound with synthesisers , drum machines , the ondes Martenot , string orchestras and brass instruments , incorporating influences from genres such as electronic music , krautrock , jazz , and 20th-century classical music . They recorded Kid A with OK Computer producer Nigel Godrich in Paris , Copenhagen , Gloucestershire and their hometown Oxford , England . The sessions produced over 20 tracks ; Radiohead saved many of them for their subsequent album , Amnesiac , released the following year .   Radiohead released no singles or music videos to promote Kid A and conducted few interviews and photoshoots , instead becoming one of the first major acts to use the internet as a promotional tool . The album was made available to stream and was promoted with short animated films featuring music and artwork . Bootlegs of early performances were shared on filesharing services and the album was leaked before release .   Kid A debuted at the top of the charts in Britain , where it went platinum in the first week , and it became Radiohead 's first number-one album in the United States . Like OK Computer , it won a Grammy for Best Alternative Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Its departure from Radiohead 's earlier sound initially divided fans and critics , but it later attracted widespread acclaim ; at the turn of the decade , Rolling Stone , Pitchfork and the Times ranked Kid A the greatest album of the 2000s , and in 2012 , Rolling Stone ranked it number 67 on its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .

pos: A Moon Shaped Pool A Moon Shaped Pool is the ninth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead , released digitally on 8 May 2016 . CD and LP releases followed in June 2016 through XL Recordings . Radiohead also sold a special edition from their website , containing two extra tracks and additional artwork .   Radiohead recorded A Moon Shaped Pool in southern France with longtime producer Nigel Godrich . It includes several songs written some years earlier ; `` True Love Waits '' dates to at least 1995 , `` Burn the Witch '' to 2000 and `` Present Tense '' to 2008 . The album features strings and choral vocals arranged by Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood and performed by the London Contemporary Orchestra . `` Ful Stop '' features additional drumming from Clive Deamer , who performed with Radiohead on their 2012 King of Limbs tour . The artwork was created by singer Thom Yorke with longtime Radiohead collaborator Stanley Donwood , who created abstract works by leaving the canvases outside and allowing the weather to affect the paint .   Radiohead promoted A Moon Shaped Pool a week before its release with the singles `` Burn the Witch '' and `` Daydreaming '' , accompanied by music videos . The band also commissioned a series of video vignettes set to short clips from the album . A world tour began in May 2016 and resumed in March 2017 , with headline performances at festivals including Glastonbury and Coachella .   A Moon Shaped Pool was acclaimed by critics and appeared in many publications ' lists of the year 's best albums . It was the fifth Radiohead album to be nominated for the Mercury Prize , and was nominated for Best Alternative Music Album and Best Rock Song ( for `` Burn the Witch '' ) at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards . It topped the charts in several countries , becoming Radiohead 's sixth number-one album in the UK and a bestseller on vinyl . It was certified gold in the UK on 24 June 2016 .

pos: Hail to the Thief Hail to the Thief is the sixth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead . It was released on 9 June 2003 , by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom , and a day later by Capitol Records in the United States . Following Kid A ( 2000 ) and Amnesiac ( 2001 ) , which incorporated jazz , classical and electronic music influences , Hail to the Thief combines alternative rock instrumentation with drum machines , synthesisers , and digital manipulation .   Hail to the Thief was produced by longtime Radiohead collaborator Nigel Godrich . To avoid the protracted recording sessions of previous albums , Radiohead recorded Hail to the Thief quickly and focused on recording live takes rather than overdubs . Songwriter Thom Yorke wrote many of the album 's lyrics in response to the War on Terror and the resurgence of right-wing politics in the west at the turn of the millennium .   Despite a high-profile internet leak ten weeks before release , Hail to the Thief debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and number three on the US Billboard 200 chart , and was certified platinum in the UK , US and Canada . It produced three charting singles : `` There There '' , `` Go to Sleep '' and `` 2 + 2 = 5 '' . The album received positive reviews and was the fifth consecutive Radiohead album to be nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album . It was the last album released under Radiohead 's record contract with EMI .

pos: Radiohead Radiohead are an English alternative rock band from Abingdon , Oxfordshire , formed in 1985 . The band consists of Thom Yorke ( lead vocals , guitar , piano , keyboards ) , Jonny Greenwood ( lead guitar , keyboards , other instruments ) , Ed O'Brien ( guitar , backing vocals ) , Colin Greenwood ( bass ) , and Phil Selway ( drums , percussion , backing vocals ) . They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994 .   After signing to EMI in 1991 , Radiohead released their debut single `` Creep '' in 1992 . It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album , Pablo Honey ( 1993 ) . Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album , The Bends ( 1995 ) . Radiohead 's third album , OK Computer ( 1997 ) , propelled them to international fame ; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation , it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music . The group 's next albums Kid A ( 2000 ) and Amnesiac ( 2001 ) , recorded simultaneously , marked a dramatic change in style , incorporating influences from experimental electronic music , 20th-century classical music , krautrock , and jazz . Despite initially dividing listeners , Kid A was later named the best album of the decade by Rolling Stone , Pitchfork and the Times .   Radiohead 's sixth album , Hail to the Thief ( 2003 ) , mixed rock and electronic music with lyrics inspired by the War on Terror , and was the band 's final album for EMI . Their subsequent releases have pioneered alternative release platforms such as pay-what-you-want and BitTorrent . Radiohead self-released their seventh album , In Rainbows ( 2007 ) , as a download for which customers could set their own price , to critical and chart success . Their eighth album , The King of Limbs ( 2011 ) , an exploration of rhythm , was developed using extensive looping and sampling . Their ninth album , A Moon Shaped Pool ( 2016 ) , prominently featured Jonny Greenwood 's orchestral arrangements .   Radiohead have sold more than 30 million albums worldwide . Their work places highly in both listener polls and critics ' lists of the best music of the 1990s and 2000s . In 2005 , they were ranked 73rd in Rolling Stone 's list of `` The Greatest Artists of All Time '' ; Jonny Greenwood ( 48th ) and O'Brien ( 59th ) were both included in Rolling Stones list of greatest guitarists , and Yorke ( 66th ) in their list of greatest singers . In 2009 , Rolling Stone readers voted the group the second-best artist of the 2000s .

pos: OK Computer OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead , released in 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records . The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich , an arrangement that the band has used on all of their subsequent albums to date . Other than `` Lucky '' , which was recorded in 1995 , Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997 , mostly in the historic mansion St. Catherine 's Court . The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented , lyrically introspective style of their previous album , The Bends . OK Computers abstract lyrics , densely layered sound and eclectic range of influences laid the groundwork for Radiohead 's later , more experimental work .   Upon the album 's delivery to EMI and its global subsidiary distributors , label representatives generally lowered their sales estimates , deeming the record 's sound uncommercial and difficult to market . Nevertheless , OK Computer reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and became the band 's highest album entry on the American charts at the time , debuting at number 21 on the Billboard 200 . Four songs from the album -- `` Paranoid Android '' , `` Karma Police '' , `` Lucky '' , and `` No Surprises '' -- were released as promotional singles . The album expanded Radiohead 's international popularity and has sold more than 4.5 million copies worldwide . A remastered reissue with additional tracks , OKNOTOK , is scheduled for release in June 2017 , commemorating the album 's twentieth anniversary .   OK Computer received widespread critical acclaim and in subsequent years has been cited by listeners , critics and musicians as one of the greatest albums of all time . The album initiated a stylistic shift in British rock away from the then-ubiquitous genre of Britpop toward melancholic , atmospheric styles of alternative and indie rock that became more prevalent in the next decade . Critics and fans have noted that the album 's lyrics and music depict a world fraught with rampant consumerism , social alienation , emotional isolation and political malaise ; in this capacity , OK Computer is often interpreted as having prescient insight into the mood of 21st-century life .

pos: The King of Limbs The King of Limbs is the eighth studio album by English rock band Radiohead , self-released on 18 February 2011 as a download in MP3 and WAV formats . CD and 12 '' vinyl versions were released on 28 March 2011 through Radiohead 's Ticker Tape imprint and by XL Recordings in the United Kingdom , TBD Records in the United States and by Hostess Entertainment in Japan .   Following the protracted recording and more conventional alternative rock instrumentation of Radiohead 's previous studio album In Rainbows ( 2007 ) , Radiohead developed much of The King of Limbs by sampling and looping their recordings . It was produced by longtime Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich . Songwriter Thom Yorke described the album as `` an expression of wildness and mutation '' . Radiohead released no singles from the album , but released a music video for `` Lotus Flower '' that spawned a viral Internet meme .   The King of Limbs received positive reviews and was named one of the best albums of the year by publications including The Wire , NME and PopMatters . It was nominated for five categories at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards , including the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album . The download version sold an estimated 300,000 to 400,000 copies in the first two months of release and became a bestseller on vinyl . The album was followed the same year by a remix album , TKOL RMX 1234567 , and a live video , The King of Limbs : Live from the Basement .

neg: The Radio Dept. discography The discography of Swedish indie pop group , The Radio Dept. consists of three studio albums , four extended plays , ten singles and one compilation album . The Radio Dept. was formed in 1995 by Johan Duncanson , although they did not start recording until 2001 . They were signed to Labrador Records the same year and have stayed with the label since . The band 's lineup has changed over the years until it settled on the trio of Johan Duncanson and Martin Carlberg , with Daniel Tjäder on keyboards .   Their first album , Lesser Matters , was released to critical acclaim , although with little chart success outside of Sweden . It received rave reviews , achieving ` universal acclaim ' status from Metacritic , and was ranked the 9th best album of 2004 by NME magazine . The album attracted enough attention for film producer Sofia Coppola to use three of The Radio Dept. 's songs for her film , Marie Antoinette .   Pet Grief , the band 's second album , was received less well critically , although it charted higher in Sweden . There was a four-year break before their third album , Clinging to a Scheme was released in 2010 . This album was received much better than Pet Grief and was the band 's first album to chart in the USA , reaching no. 20 on the Billboard `` Heatseekers '' chart ( which consists of the top 20 albums by artists that have never made the top 100 ) . It featured on many end-of-year lists , including Pitchfork Media 's 2010 Readers ' Poll .   In July 2016 , the band announced their fourth studio album , Running Out of Love will be released in October .

neg: Killing Joke (2003 album) Killing Joke is the eleventh studio album by English rock band Killing Joke , released on 28 July 2003 by record label Zuma Recordings .   Recording for the album in 2002 marked the end of a six-year hiatus that began in 1996 and it was Killing Joke 's first studio album in seven years . Produced by Andy Gill of Gang of Four , the album featured former Nirvana drummer and Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl , who is also a long-time Killing Joke fan , on drums . This is also Killing Joke 's second self-titled album , following their first in 1980 , as an effect of the hiatus .

neg: The 1975 (album) The 1975 is the self-titled debut album by English rock band The 1975 . It was released on 2 September 2013 through Dirty Hit and Polydor . It was recorded with Arctic Monkeys collaborator Mike Crossey .   Before the release , the band released four EPs between Autumn 2012 to Spring 2013 , during which span of time the album was recorded . They toured to support and build momentum , taking place in numerous gigs and special appearances with other artists .   The album has received positive reviews from critics , and topped the UK Albums Chart on 8 September . As of March 2016 , it has sold 410,981 copies in the UK , and 390,000 copies in the US .

neg: List of songs recorded by Radiohead This is a list of songs recorded by the English alternative rock band Radiohead .

neg: Waste of Mind Waste of Mind is the mainstream debut and second studio album overall released by American punk rock band Zebrahead .

neg: True Love Waits (song) `` True Love Waits '' is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead . Its lyrics address love , ageing , and abandonment . Radiohead first performed `` True Love Waits '' in 1995 , and singer Thom Yorke performed it alone on acoustic guitar or Rhodes piano numerous times in the following years . The band and their producer Nigel Godrich attempted to record it for their albums OK Computer ( 1997 ) , Kid A ( 2000 ) and Amnesiac ( 2001 ) , but struggled to find an arrangement that satisfied them , and it became one of their most famous unreleased songs . A live recording from the Amnesiac tour was released on I Might Be Wrong : Live Recordings ( 2001 ) .   In 2016 , a studio version of `` True Love Waits '' was finally released as the closing track on Radiohead 's ninth album , A Moon Shaped Pool , rearranged as a minimal piano ballad . Both versions of the song received positive reviews , and several critics felt the long wait made the studio version more powerful . Though it was not released as a single , `` True Love Waits '' entered the French SNEP and US Billboard Hot Rock Songs singles chart , peaking at 181 and 43 respectively .

neg: Bodysnatchers (song) `` Bodysnatchers '' is a song by the English rock band Radiohead , released as the second single from their seventh studio album In Rainbows ( 2007 ) in May 2008 . The song was initially released alongside the song `` House of Cards '' as a promotional single in the United Kingdom . `` Bodysnatchers '' was later officially serviced to United States modern rock radio by ATO Records in May 2008 . It subsequently peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart , their highest-placing song on the chart since `` Creep '' in 1993 .

neg: The Fountainhead (band) The Fountainhead was an Irish rock band founded by Steve Belton and Pat O'Donnell in 1982 . In 1984 , the duo won a music contest with a prize of 20 hours of recording time at Windmill Lane Studios . They used this time to record their first single , `` Rhythm Method '' , which they released independently in 1984 . After the song became popular on Irish radio , they were offered a contract with China Records .   The band 's name comes from the novel of the same name by the Objectivist author and philosopher , Ayn Rand .   China Records released the band 's first studio album , The Burning Touch , in 1986 . For touring , Belton and O'Donnell brought in bass player Peter McKinney , drummer Willie de Mange , and keyboardist Phil Rennick . The expanded lineup debuted on 17 May 1986 at the Self Aid benefit concert . Their performance of the song `` Feel It Now '' appeared on the follow-up Live for Ireland charity album .   The Fountainhead began a North American tour in November 1986 . Songs from their final American show , at Whisky a Go Go on 9 December 1986 , were recorded and released as an EP in 1987 .   Their second and final studio album , Voice of Reason , was released in 1988 . The group disbanded in 1990 .

neg: Monsters and Robots Monsters and Robots is Buckethead 's fifth studio album , released April 20 , 1999 , by Higher Octave records . A large part of the album was co-written with Les Claypool , who also plays bass on several tracks and lends his vocals to the track `` The Ballad of Buckethead '' .   Buckethead promoted the album by opening for Primus in October and November 1999 . Monsters and Robots is listed in the German National Library 's catalog and is Buckethead 's best selling solo album to date .

neg: Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps .   The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work .   Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .

neg: Nö Sleep at All Nö Sleep at All is the third live album by the band Motörhead , released 15 October 1988 , on the GWR label , their only live album and last release with the label as legal matters continued between the parties .

neg: Polythene (album) Polythene is the debut full-length album by the Welsh rock band Feeder and was released 18 May 1997 on the Echo Label , and then re-issued on 28 October in the same year in an Enhanced CD version , featuring their UK top 40 breakthrough single `` High '' and its video . The original version of the album was deleted soon after and is relatively rare due to this reason .   After sizeable critical success , the album had minor commercial success charting at number 65 in the UK albums chart . However , Polythene would later achieve Gold record status despite never having appeared in the top 50 of the album charts , a rare feat reflecting steady and consistent sales over a period of 20 years , rather than strong initial sales .   The album saw the group 's early take on a more grunge-influenced sound , which was not seen on their other albums that followed . Many critics at the time called the band the UK 's answer to the Smashing Pumpkins .

neg: Slowdive discography The discography of Slowdive , an English alternative rock band , consists of four studio albums , three compilation albums , five extended plays , five singles , four music videos and various compilation releases .   Slowdive were formed in Reading in late 1989 by vocalist -- guitarists Neil Halstead and Rachel Goswell . The duo recruited guitarist Christian Savill , bassist Nick Chaplin and drummer Adrian Sell -- who left the band after they signed to Creation Records and before the release of their eponymous EP Slowdive in 1990 . Released to critical acclaim from the alternative press , Slowdive was succeeded by a further two EPs , Morningrise and Holding Our Breath ( 1991 ) , both of which placed in the UK Singles Chart ; Holding Our Breath reached number 5 on the Independent Singles Chart . The band 's debut studio album , Just for a Day , was released in September 1991 to poor reviews , due in part to the British press ' growing disillusion with the shoegazing genre . However , Just for a Day was a minor independent success , peaking at number 3 on the Independent Albums Chart and gaining Slowdive a significant following in the United States .   In 1993 , under pressure from Creation to produce a commercial-sounding album , Slowdive recruited ambient innovator Brian Eno and began producing new material . Souvlaki was released in May 1993 alongside the Outside Your Room EP ; both received similarly negative reviews but placed in the mainstream and independent charts , with Souvlaki peaking at number 52 on the UK Albums Chart . A follow-up EP , 5 , was released in November 1993 and placed at number 87 in the UK Singles Chart , however following a tour in support of its release drummer Simon Scott left the band due to creative differences .   Slowdive 's third and final studio album , Pygmalion , was released in February 1995 . Halstead had dominated the recording process , with the album only featuring minor contributions by Goswell and Ian McCutcheon , the band 's new drummer . Reviews for Pygmalion were more favourable than the band 's preceding releases and the album peaked at number 108 in the UK Albums Chart , however Creation were unsatisfied and dropped Slowdive two weeks after its release . Following Slowdive 's disbandment in 1995 , Halstead , Goswell and McCutcheon formed Mojave 3 . The band reformed in 2014 .

neg: Blur 21 Blur 21 is a CD , DVD and vinyl box set encompassing the vast majority of music by Blur . It was released on 30 July 2012 , commemorating the 21st anniversary of the release of Leisure , the band 's first album . The release took place before the band 's performance at Hyde Park as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony . One version of the box-set consists of eighteen CDs , three DVDs , one vinyl 7 '' record ( of the early Seymour track `` Superman '' ) and a hardcover book acting as a complete biography of the band . The CDs contain all seven Blur albums , with the first five remastered , with each album receiving a new second disc of B-side material ; as well as four ` rarities ' discs containing mostly previously unreleased material . The DVDs contain Showtime , The Singles Night and an all-new rarities disc . It is the band 's most retrospective release .   Another boxset , Blur 21 Vinyl Edition , was released at the same time , featuring the band 's seven studio albums on heavyweight vinyl , each of the LPs repackaged as a double album except for Leisure , a single album . The vinyl edition does not , however , include any previously unreleased material . As above , the Blur 21 CD/DVD/7 '' single pack contains many previously unreleased recordings , including the long-awaited releases of previously known about songs like `` Pap Pop , '' `` Beached Whale '' and `` Sir Elton John 's Cock . ''   Yet some previously released songs by the band have not been listed as featuring on the box set , such as `` Colours , '' a Think Tank outtake released as a fan club single in 2003 . Likewise , some unreleased songs are not featured on the box set , like `` Death Metal , '' a jam session from the 13 sessions in 1998 , and `` For Old Time 's Sake , '' recorded in 1993 for The Sunday Sunday Popular Community Song CD , but left off the EP , due to it possibly being deleted or lost . Additionally , no material from the band 's 1998 live recording and remix album Bustin ' + Dronin ' appears on the box set . Rarities 4 , one of the bonus albums in the box set , features an early mix of `` Under the Westway '' with some differences between it and the 2012 single version .   The box set also includes a special code to download all the music content as MP3 , along with all the Blurb magazine issues and extra content with audio commentary and unreleased footage per album .

neg: Afterthoughts (album) Afterthoughts is an album released in May 2013 by the progressive rock band Nosound , released on Kscope .   Afterthoughts is initially released as :  2disc set : DVD-A/DVD-V : NTSC 16:9 ( Region Free ) with stereo and 5.1 surround high resolution 24bit / 96 kHz mixes , plus DTS and Dolby Digital 5.1 surround versions .  double vinyl edition : Pressed on heavyweight ( 180gm ) vinyl and packaged in a gatefold sleeve .  The first 500 orders of vinyl package will be signed and numbered and also comes with an Instrumental CD version of the release and a cloth bag

neg: OK Bartender OK Bartender is the ninth album by Richard Cheese . The album includes lounge music versions of contemporary pop , rock and rap hits and it is the band 's first album to include voicemail messages from drunken fans . The title is a play on Radiohead 's 1997 album OK Computer .

neg: Pop Is Dead `` Pop Is Dead '' is a song by the British alternative rock band Radiohead . It was released as a non-album single in on 10 May 1993 , only several months after their debut single `` Creep '' and their debut album Pablo Honey .   `` Pop Is Dead '' reached number 42 on the UK Singles Chart in May 1993 . It was subsequently included in the two disc collector 's edition of Pablo Honey .

neg: The Complete Studio Recordings (Led Zeppelin album) The Complete Studio Recordings is a ten compact disc box set by the English rock group Led Zeppelin , released by Atlantic Records on 24 September 1993 . It contains all nine of the original Led Zeppelin studio albums digitally remastered , and an expanded version of Coda . The albums are placed in chronological order with the exception of Presence which appears between Houses of the Holy and Physical Graffiti . The intention was to have the latter in one two-disc-sleeve .   The set 's version of Coda included some of the previously unreleased tracks that had surfaced on the box set series : `` Baby Come On Home '' , `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' , `` White Summer/Black Mountain Side '' , and `` Hey , Hey , What Can I Do '' . In 2007 , when the Led Zeppelin catalog was released to digital stores , the expanded track list for Coda was used , but omitted `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' because of its inclusion with BBC Sessions .   The set also includes a booklet featuring an extended essay by rock journalist Cameron Crowe and photos of the band .   The album cover depicts the inside structure of a zeppelin .   This title has been discontinued just prior to the launch of Mothership , and is now superseded by the Definitive Collection Mini LP Replica CD Boxset , which was released in September 2008 .

neg: Bloody Radio Bloody Radio is a studio album by American hip hop group Grayskul . It was released on Rhymesayers Entertainment in 2007 .

neg: Pest Control (album) Pest Control is the second studio album by the American rock band Devilhead .