query: Trent Reznor did not found Nine Inch Nails.

pos: Trent Reznor Michael Trent Reznor ( born May 17 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Trent Reznor , is an American singer , songwriter , musician , record producer , and film score composer .   As a vocalist and multi-instrumentalist , Reznor is best known as the founder and principal songwriter of industrial rock project Nine Inch Nails . His first release under this pseudonym , the 1989 album Pretty Hate Machine , was a commercial and critical success . He has since released eight studio albums . He left Interscope Records in 2007 and was an independent recording artist until signing with Columbia Records in 2012 .   Reznor was associated with the bands Option 30 , The Urge , The Innocent , and Exotic Birds in the mid-1980s . Outside of Nine Inch Nails , he has contributed to the albums of artists such as Marilyn Manson and Saul Williams . He and his wife , Mariqueen Maandig , are members of the post-industrial group How to Destroy Angels , alongside Reznor 's fellow composer Atticus Ross and long-time Nine Inch Nails graphic designer Rob Sheridan .   Reznor and Ross scored the David Fincher films The Social Network ( 2010 ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) , and Gone Girl ( 2014 ) , winning the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Social Network and the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media for The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo . In 1997 , Reznor appeared in Time list of the year 's most influential people , while Spin magazine has described him as `` the most vital artist in music '' .

neg: Closure (video) Closure is the first video album by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails , released on November 25 , 1997 . The double VHS set consists of one tape of live concert and behind-the-scenes footage from their Self-Destruct and Further Down the Spiral tours and one tape of music videos .   The first cassette 's footage highlights the backstage antics by Nine Inch Nails and their tour guests : Marilyn Manson , Jim Rose Circus and David Bowie . One segment , in particular , is dedicated to Reznor 's penchant at the time for violently destroying keyboards and other tour equipment each show .   The music videos on the second cassette are interspersed with snippets from educational films , as well as exclusive footage shot by Peter Christopherson which is reminiscent of the video for `` Closer '' ; these segments include remixed music from the band 's back catalogue , most prominently featuring `` A Warm Place '' and `` The Art of Self Destruction , Final '' . Closure also contains snippets of the non-commercially released Broken film . Footage from the Edison Manufacturing Company film Electrocuting an Elephant is shown before `` March of the Pigs '' .   According to Russell Mills , who created the artwork , a live album was also planned as a companion to Closure and artwork was made for it , but the idea was scrapped . The unused paintings can be seen here .

neg: The Cellar (teen dance club) Located in Arlington Heights , Illinois , The Cellar teen dance club provided live musical entertainment in the 1960s . Founded in 1964 by Paul Sampson ( a local record store owner who later became a music promoter and manager ) , this music venue primarily featured Rock and Roll music acts , although some Blues acts performed as well . Original location is uncertain . `` The original cellar was located in the old St. Peters Church basement . '' Bob Lehnert , original vocalist for The Amboy Dukes contributes that its original location was actually a cellar located just a few blocks from the center of Downtown Arlington Heights . It may have been under a church or community center as it had a stage cut out of the north wall . It was in the basement of the Bell Telephone ( AT&T ) building , then moved to the Tire Warehouse across the tracks from the former Captain Rapp 's Restaurant ( 602 W. Northwest Hwy ) The unused warehouse was located on Davis Street , along the Chicago and Northwestern railroad tracks . It closed in 1970 .   The Cellar became a notable venue for several reasons , providing teenagers from the region with a place to congregate and to dance .   It was also notable because of its talented regional house / repeat bands , such as : the Shadows of Knight , The Mauds , H.P. Lovecraft , Saturday 's Children , Ted Nugent with The Amboy Dukes , The Huns , The Raevns , The Other Half , and Little Boy Blues .   Despite the fact it was a modest warehouse venue in a northwestern suburb of Chicago , The Cellar attracted national and international Rock acts , such as : The Who , The Cream , The Byrds , Buffalo Springfield , and The Spencer Davis Group , Three dog Night and The Steve Miller Band   There are a number of notable considerations to keep in mind about The Cellar :   For Garage rock bands/newly forming groups , The Cellar took them out of their garages and/or rehearsal spaces and provided them with on a stage and a teenage audience eager to hear their music . Once on the stage , these Cellar groups gained regional and , in some cases ( such as the Shadows ) , national followings . Further , it provided these local groups with the extraordinary opportunity to open for the major acts who also played there , such as H.P. Lovecraft opening for The Who on June 15 , 1967 .  The Cellar actualized one of the true tenets of Rock and Roll music : it provided a place where people could dance . Indeed , one could view the ultimate demise of true Rock and Roll music with the transition from dancing to seated venues . Once seated , fans only listened and the experience became more cerebral -- which is not exactly a word one primarily associates with the vibrant physicality of Rock and Roll . Defined in its most traditional sense , Rock and Roll is sustained by movement and action . The Cellar served as an environment that allowed the essence of Rock and Roll to flourish .

neg: Not in This Lifetime... Tour The Not in This Lifetime ... tour is an ongoing series of concerts by hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , featuring classic lineup members Axl Rose , Slash and Duff McKagan , marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together .   After the previous tour in 2014 , guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron `` Bumblefoot '' Thal , bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman left Guns N ' Roses , leaving the band with several open spots . Former members Slash and McKagan rejoined the band and Melissa Reese joined as keyboardist . The group embarked on the world tour that spanned several continents , with 118 shows performed or scheduled so far . The group welcomed former drummer Steven Adler to the stage for several shows as a guest spot , the first time he had played with the group since 1990 . The tour was a financial success and has grossed over $ 230 million to date , and was the highest earning per-show concert tour of 2016 , and the fourth highest grossing .

neg: Pure Mint Recordings Pure Mint Recordings is a British independent record label based in London .   The label was established in 2004 by Anthony Hall ( a dual qualified English and New York lawyer and musician ) together with Dashal Beevers , growing out of an earlier incarnation called Mint Source Recordings . In 2003 Mint Source released the critically acclaimed compilation Flowers in the Attic featuring some of Nottingham 's rising stars of deep house , including Crazy Penis , Bent -- with their remix of the Hall & Oates classic `` I Ca n't Go For That '' ( which Bent chose to finish their Big Chill set with in 2004 ) , Zoe Johnston ( who has written and performed with Faithless ) , Oz from The DiY Sound System , Heavy Deviance and Neon Heights amongst others .   The label has found supporters worldwide for its eclectic catalogue and has licensed repertoire to Norman Jay ( Giant 45 ) -RSB- , Carl Cox in Australia , Junior Vasquez , Fabric -- Fabric Live 17 ( mixed by AIM ) , Mastercuts ( CUTSCD-58 Mastercuts Chilled ) , Aquasky and others .   Releases include T-Total 's version of Brian Eno 's `` Baby 's on Fire '' -- with guest ` featured vocals ' from Soft Cell 's Marc Almond -- and the debut long player `` A Slow Walk Down The Stairs '' from Heavy Deviance , themselves favourites of Chris Coco , Mark Rae , Rob Da Bank , KCRW ( LA ) , -LSB- Laurent Garnier , Bent , Crazy Penis etc. . A Slow Walk Down The Stairs was voted 16th best album of 2005 by M8 Magazine .   The label has moved away from its originally exclusive dance release-base to include electropop ( T-Total ft Marc Almond ) , indie folk ( Nigel of Bermondsey ex Gay Dad -- nominated for the XFM 2009 New Music Award ) , rock ( Hungary 's FreshFabrik ) , indie-dance ( Elevator Suite ) , political satire ( Margo Guryan 's 16 Words ) and breaks ( Michael Morph ) , with collaborations and artist releases from Long Range ( Phil Hartnoll from Orbital and Nick Smith -RSB- ) , Yo Majesty , Aquasky , Alex Metric and others .   As of November 2009 , the label 's catalogue comprises approximately 25 releases ( singles , 12 inch vinyls and LPs )   On 4 December 2009 Hall resigned from the BPI Rights Committee and the IFPI 's International Legal Committees citing irreconcilable differences over the industry 's approach to file sharing and their support of the draft Digital Economy Bill ( DEB ) going through the UK parliament at the time . He was quoted as saying :  I am particularly surprised that the record industry has chosen to endorse s. 17 of the DEB , which I consider is wholly undemocratic and contrary to centuries of good practice regarding the forming of our copyright legislation . I also believe it may set a dangerous precedent going forwards ( and could come back to haunt the industry )

neg: Transplants (band) The Transplants are an American punk rock/rap rock supergroup . They formed in 1999 when Tim Armstrong ( of the bands Rancid and Operation Ivy ) played his friend and roadie Rob Aston some beats he had made using Pro Tools and asked Aston if he would consider contributing lyrics . Initially , Armstrong played all the instruments himself but as the project grew , he invited musician friends such as Matt Freeman ( Rancid ) , Lars Frederiksen ( Rancid ) , and Vic Ruggiero ( The Slackers ) to add to the sound . Before long , Armstrong and Aston decided to officially form a band , but to make things complete , they wanted a drummer , so Travis Barker from Blink-182 was asked to join in 2002 .   After the release of their first album , The Transplants briefly disbanded in 2003 , due to all members being involved in their own projects , including Rancid and Blink-182 . Then in 2004 , they reunited to record their second album ( Haunted Cities ) before going on hiatus again until 2010 when the band has started to record new material . This new material was released as In a Warzone in 2013 .

neg: Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego .   One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .

neg: Not So Silent Night ... Christmas with REO Speedwagon Not So Silent Night ... Christmas with REO Speedwagon is the sixteenth studio album by REO Speedwagon . It was released on November 3 , 2009 by Sony Music , two years after the band 's previous studio album , Find Your Own Way Home .   On July 1 , 2010 , the album was re-released with three bonus tracks , and a DVD was released in a series from Sony Music called The Yule Log DVD , in which the music from `` Not So Silent Night ... Christmas with REO Speedwagon '' is featured with three different holiday visuals ( one of them the yule log of the series ' title ) . The original CD cover is featured on the DVD menu .

neg: Mötley Crüe Mötley Crüe was an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles , California on January 17 , 1981 . The group was founded by bass guitarist Nikki Sixx and drummer Tommy Lee , lead singer Vince Neil and lead guitarist Mick Mars . Mötley Crüe has sold more than 100 million records worldwide making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time .   The members of the band have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the persona they maintained . Following its hard rock and heavy metal origins , with the third album Theatre of Pain ( 1985 ) the band joined the first wave of glam metal . Their final studio album , Saints of Los Angeles , was released on June 24 , 2008 . Their final show took place on New Year 's Eve , December 31 , 2015 , and was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016 .

neg: Godzilla Entertainment Godzilla Entertainment was an American record label founded and owned by rapper Yukmouth of the popular 1990s rap group The Luniz , and operated by both Yukmouth and Kat Gaynor ( who also acts as Yukmouth and The Regime 's manager ) . The name comes from Yukmouth 's popular 2003 album , Godzilla . It was initially created to serve as an independent record distribution company for official mixtapes released on Smoke-A-Lot Records . The first few releases through Godzilla was the heavily popular All Out War mixtape series which were done as a joint venture with the Cali Untouchable DJ 's and Rapbay.com . The initial logo featured an edited version of the Aston Martin logo which was later replaced by a more independent logo which features the Smoke-A-Lot Records dragon logo encircled by the words `` Godzilla Ent . '' . In May 2007 Yukmouth closed down the label and merged all of its duties with the parent Smoke-A-Lot Records after pressure from the copyright owners of the name Godzilla .

neg: Pretty Hate Machine Pretty Hate Machine is the debut studio album by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails , released on October 20 , 1989 by TVT Records in the United States , Island Records in Europe and by Interscope Records and Atlantic Records internationally . The album is compiled of reworked tracks from the band 's Purest Feeling demo , as well as songs composed after its original recording . Although it was critically and commercially successful ( especially for an independent label ) , Trent Reznor ( Nine Inch Nails ' only constant band member ) feuded with TVT Records during the album 's promotion . Slant Magazine placed the album at number 50 on its list of the `` Best Albums of the 1980s '' , commenting , `` before attempting suicide in The Downward Spiral and living with the wrist scars in The Fragile , Pretty Hate Machine sent out sleek , danceable warning shots '' .   Three singles were released from the album , the most successful being its opening track `` Head Like a Hole '' , which has become a staple of Nine Inch Nails live performances . Pretty Hate Machine became one of the first independently released albums to attain a platinum certification , with the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) certifying the album triple platinum on May 12 , 2003 , indicating sales surpassing three million copies in the United States . The album went out of print in 1997 because of the much publicized disagreement between Reznor and TVT . Rykodisc re-released the album worldwide in 2005 , effectively putting it back into print . A remastered version with updated artwork was released on November 22 , 2010 .

neg: Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts .   In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick .   In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label .   UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently .   Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music .   Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .

neg: Find Us `` Find Us '' ( sometimes subtitled `` In the Back of the Club '' ) is the second single from Milk Me , a 2004 album by East Coast hip hop group The Beatnuts . It was released by Penalty Recordings as a CD single and 12 inch with `` Hot '' as its United States b-sides and `` It 's Nothing '' as it United Kingdom b-side . The song is produced by The Beatnuts and features raps by Juju and Psycho Les , as well as a chorus sung by a young Akon . The song 's lyrics are both braggadocios and sexually explicit . The song 's beat is characterized by its stomp-and-clap percussion , as well as its intermittent whistling noise . The song also features live instrumentation provided by guitarist Eric Krasno and keyboardist Neal Evans .   `` Find Us '' was released to mainly positive critical reception : Jason Birchmeier of Allmusic considers it a `` standout '' song , while Tom Doggett of RapReviews.com adds that it has a `` marvelous minimalist beat '' and `` catchy hook . '' Low Key of MVRemix.com describes `` Find Us '' as `` a perfect club song for the summer '' because of its `` infectious handclaps . '' On a less positive note , Robert DeGracia of AllHipHop.com claims : '' -LSB- ` Find Us ' -RSB- is a complete eye-crosser that makes listeners struggle to make sense of what 's exactly rocking around the clock . ''

neg: Mike Garson Michael David `` Mike '' Garson ( born July 29 , 1945 ) is an American pianist , who has worked , among others , with David Bowie , Nine Inch Nails , Billy Corgan , Free Flight , and The Smashing Pumpkins . A comprehensive biography of his life and career to date was published by Fantom ( UK ) in 2015 , under the title Bowie 's Piano Man : The Life of Mike Garson , written by fellow pianist Clifford Slapper .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance was an award presented at the 2012 and 2013 Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it was designed for solo , duo/groups or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) hard rock or metal recordings and was limited to singles or tracks only .   The award was first presented in 2012 , after a major restructuring of Grammy categories . It combined the previous categories Best Hard Rock Performance and Best Metal Performance . The restructuring was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . However , the Recording Academy announced in June 2013 that the category would split in 2014 , returning the Best Metal Performance category and recognizing quality hard rock performances in the Best Rock Performance category . According to the Academy , `` it was determined that metal has a very distinctive sound , and hard rock more closely aligns with rock and can exist comfortably as one end of the rock spectrum . ''

neg: Relapse Records Relapse Records is an American independent record label based in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania . It was founded by Matthew F. Jacobson in 1990 . The label features a large number of grindcore , death metal and sludge metal artists .

neg: Enuff Z'nuff (album) Enuff Z'Nuff is the self-titled studio album by American hard rock band Enuff Z'Nuff , released in 1989 on Atco Records . This debut album continues to be the best selling album in the band 's catalog . The album 's first single , the rock song `` New Thing , '' received steady radio and MTV airplay , peaking at # 67 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Their follow-up single , a ballad called `` Fly High Michelle , '' would prove to be the band 's biggest hit , peaking at # 47 on the same chart . Promotional CDs were created for another song , a ballad called `` For Now , '' but this single was apparently cancelled while the band focused on their follow-up record , 1991 's Strength album .   Additional exposure for the album occurred with the album tracks `` Hot Little Summer Girl '' and `` I Could Never Be Without You '' being featured on the popular TV shows Beverly Hills , 90210 and Northern Exposure . A few years later , the band 's glam appearance in their video for `` Fly High Michelle '' would be parodied on MTV 's Beavis & Butt-head .

neg: Buzzy Trent Buzzy Trent ( born `` Goodwin Murray Trent Jr '' , May 13 , 1929 -- September 26 , 2006 ) was a pioneer of big wave surfing . Born in San Diego and raised in Santa Monica , he body surfed as a child and started surfing at age 12 . He moved to Hawaii in 1952 to surf and pioneered big wave surfing along with George Downing and Greg Noll . Buzzy gained international fame in 1953 when he was photographed by Scoop Suzuki riding a 20-foot winter wave at Mākaha in the first widely published photos of big wave surfing .   Throughout his life he was an exceptional athlete , including being an all-state football player . He was also an active diver and hang glider .   Buzzy was featured in the 2004 documentary film Riding Giants , directed and narrated by Stacy Peralta .   He died September 26 , 2006 at Hale Ho Aloha nursing home in Honolulu , HI at age 77 .

neg: Scream (Ozzy Osbourne album) Scream is the eleventh studio album by English heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne , released in the United Kingdom on 14 June 2010 and his most recent solo album as of 2016 . The album was recorded at Osbourne 's home studio `` The Bunker '' in Los Angeles , California and produced by himself and Kevin Churko , who had previously worked on Black Rain in 2007 . The album was commercially successful , reaching number 4 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and number 12 on the UK Albums Chart .   Originally titled Soul Sucka , the album was later changed to Scream . The album is the only one to feature guitarist Gus G , who replaced long-term guitarist Zakk Wylde . The drums on the album were recorded by Kevin Churko , though Tommy Clufetos was credited , as he was touring with the band at the time . Scream is also the first release to feature keyboardist Adam Wakeman , who has worked with Osbourne as a touring musician since 2004 . The lead single released from the album was `` Let Me Hear You Scream '' , which peaked at number 6 on the American Rock Songs chart .   A 2-CD , `` Tour Edition '' version of the album was released in the U.S. on 5 October 2010 . This package contains the original album on disc 1 and a second CD with seven bonus songs : `` One More Time '' ( originally an iTunes pre-order exclusive ) , `` Jump the Moon '' ( originally a bonus track on the Japanese release ) , and `` Hand of the Enemy '' ( previously unreleased ) from the Scream sessions , and four additional live tracks recorded during the UK leg of the Scream tour : `` Bark at the Moon '' , `` Let Me Hear You Scream '' , `` No More Tears '' and a live recording of Black Sabbath 's `` Fairies Wear Boots '' . A four-sided vinyl edition , containing the aforementioned studio tracks along with the live version of `` Let Me Hear You Scream '' and the single version of `` Life Wo n't Wait '' , is also available .

neg: Mötley Crüe (album) Mötley Crüe is the eponymous sixth studio album by American heavy metal band Mötley Crüe . It was released on March 15 , 1994 , and is the only album that does not feature lead singer Vince Neil , who had departed from the band in 1992 . Neil was replaced by former The Scream vocalist John Corabi on the album .   The album , which was recorded under the working title of Til Death Do Us Part , was the first release by the band after signing a 25-million dollar contract with Elektra Records . The album was a commercial failure .

neg: Boz Scaggs (album) Boz Scaggs is the second album by Boz Scaggs ; it was released in 1969 . After two years with the Steve Miller Band , Scaggs once again set out on his own , recording at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield , Alabama . The other musicians on the album include Duane Allman , Eddie Hinton , Jimmy Johnson , Barry Beckett , David Hood , Roger Hawkins and Al Lester . It was produced by Rolling Stone founder and editor Jann Wenner , Scaggs and Marlin Greene .   The album ( SD-8239 ) sold slowly despite positive reviews . Originally mixed by Stax Records ' engineer Terry Manning , it remained in the catalogue for a number of years and was deleted around 1974 or 1975 .   In 1977 the album was remixed in Los Angeles by Tom Perry and was released by Atlantic ( SD-19166 ) in 1978 to spotlight Duane Allman 's guitar playing , with the same cover art . As well as the guitar , the remix brings several things forward in the mix such as horns and keyboards while burying the background vocals ; there is also an odd 30-second volume drop at the end of `` Finding Her '' . This remix was the only complete version of the album available on CD until the Audio Fidelity remastered release of December 2013 , which restored Manning 's original master mix in its entirety .   In 2008 , the album was reissued by Friday Music on a 180 gram vinyl LP using Manning 's original mix for the first time since the album was originally released .   In a 2012 updated list , the album listed at # 496 on the Rolling Stone 's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time .   In 2015 , UK Edsel Records reissued with two mixes in a 2-CD set , but amazingly , Edsel mislabeled the discs ( `` 1977 remixed '' plays `` 1969 original version '' ) ! As of 2017 , this has apparently not been corrected .


query: Southport is 3 miles northwest of Preston.

pos: Southport Southport ( -LSB- ˈsaʊθpɔrt -RSB- ) is a large seaside town in Merseyside , England . At the 2001 census , it had a population of 90,336 , making it the eleventh most populous settlement in North West England .   Southport lies on the Irish Sea coast and is fringed to the north by the Ribble estuary . The town is 16.7 mi north of Liverpool and 14.8 mi southwest of Preston .   Historically part of Lancashire , the town was founded in 1792 when William Sutton , an innkeeper from Churchtown , built a bathing house at what now is the south end of Lord Street . At that time , the area , known as South Hawes , was sparsely populated and dominated by sand dunes . At the turn of the 19th century , the area became popular with tourists due to the easy access from the nearby Leeds and Liverpool Canal . The rapid growth of Southport largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era . Town attractions include Southport Pier with its Southport Pier Tramway , the second longest seaside pleasure pier in the British Isles and Lord Street , an elegant tree-lined shopping street , once home of Napoleon III of France .   Extensive sand dunes stretch for several miles between Birkdale and Woodvale to the south of the town . The Ainsdale sand dunes have been designated as a national nature reserve and a Ramsar site . Local fauna include the Natterjack toad and the Sand lizard . The town contains examples of Victorian architecture and town planning , on Lord Street and elsewhere . A particular feature of the town is the extensive tree planting . This was one of the conditions required by the Hesketh family when they made land available for development in the 19th century . Hesketh Park at the northern end of the town is named after them , having been built on land donated by Rev. Charles Hesketh .   Southport today is still one of the most popular seaside resorts in the UK . It hosts various events , including an annual air show on and over the beach , and the largest independent flower show in the UK , in Victoria Park . The town is at the centre of England 's Golf Coast and has hosted the Open Championship at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club .

neg: Brindle, Lancashire Brindle is a small village and civil parish of the borough of Chorley , Lancashire , England . The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 978 . It is in the centre of a triangle between Preston , Blackburn , and Chorley . The area has little industry . Brindle is one of the more affluent areas in Lancashire , with average earnings over 33 % higher than the national average . Occupations include professionals , teachers and an increasingly retired population as well as some remaining agricultural employment .   Brindle is home to the Anglican St James ' Church and a number of trails and bridle paths . As a parish offering excellent links to nearby towns including business centres such as Preston , Bolton , Chorley and Manchester . Brindle could be described as a commuter village although the village still retains a strong sense of local identity .

neg: Middlewich Middlewich is a town in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire , England . It is 19.2 mi east of the city of Chester , 2.9 mi east of Winsford , 5.3 mi southeast of Northwich and 4.7 mi northwest of Sandbach . The population of the town at the 2011 Census was 13,595 .   Middlewich lies on the confluence of three rivers : the Dane , Croco and Wheelock . Three canals also pass through the town , the Shropshire Union , Trent and Mersey , and the Wardle canal , as well as three major roads , the A533 , A54 and A530 ; Middlewich also has good motorway links to the nearby cities of Manchester and Liverpool . The town 's population has doubled since 1970 despite a reduction in the number of manufacturing jobs in salt and textile manufacturing , suggesting that many of the new residents live in Middlewich for reasons other than local employment .   Since 1990 there have been initiatives to increase the volume of tourism into the town , through events such as the annual folk and boat festival , the Roman and Norman festivals , and regular farmers ' markets .   In 2014 , it was rated one of the most attractive postcode areas to live in England .

neg: Southport Leagues Club The Southport Leagues Club is a rugby league club based in Southport , Queensland , Australia.The primary charter of SLCL is the promotion of Rugby League within the Gold Coast community and the operation of a profitable sporting club that reinvests in Rugby League and the local community .

neg: North Lancashire Steam Navigation Company The North Lancashire Steam Navigation Company provided shipping services between Fleetwood and ports in northern Ireland , principally Belfast from 1843 to 1870 .

neg: Preston Bissett Preston Bissett is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire , England . It is about four miles SSW of Buckingham , six miles north east of Bicester in Oxfordshire . The soil is clay and gravel , but the subsoil varies . The parish is watered by a tributary of the River Great Ouse .   The toponym `` Preston '' is common in England ; it is derived from the Old English for `` priest 's farm '' . The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Prestone . The affix `` Bissett '' came later and refers to the lords of the manor , distinguishing it from other places called Preston .   The village has a public house , the White Hart . As of 1927 , the History of the County of Buckingham described the village as ` picturesque ' , mainly composed of thatched cottages grouped around the parish church , which in turn stood in a churchyard on rising ground ; although it reported there were `` a few modern residences '' on the east end of the village .

neg: Ashington Ashington is a town and civil parish in Northumberland , England . With a population of around 27,000 , measured at 27,764 at the 2011 Census ; it was once a centre of the coal mining industry . The town is located some 15 mi north of Newcastle upon Tyne and west of the A189 . The south of the town is bordered by the River Wansbeck . The North Sea coast at Newbiggin-by-the-Sea is about 3 mi from the town centre .   Many inhabitants have a distinctive accent and dialect known as Pitmatic . This varies from the regional dialect known as Geordie .

neg: Ainsdale (ward) Ainsdale is a Metropolitan Borough of Sefton ward in the Southport Parliamentary constituency that covers the localities of Ainsdale and Woodvale in the town of Southport . At the 2011 census it had a population of 12,102 .

neg: Preston Park, Brighton Preston Park is a park near Preston Village in the city of Brighton and Hove , East Sussex , England . It is located in Preston Park ward to the north of the centre of Brighton , and served by the nearby Preston Park railway station . Preston Park is also one of the wards of Brighton and Hove City Council . The population as of the 2011 census was 14,911 .

neg: Carlisle, Cumbria Carlisle ( -LSB- kɑrˈlaɪl -RSB- or -LSB- localˈkɑrlaɪl -RSB- from Cumbric : Caer Luel Cathair Luail ) is a city and the county town of Cumbria . Historically in Cumberland , it is also the administrative centre of the City of Carlisle district in North West England . Carlisle is located at the confluence of the rivers Eden , Caldew and Petteril , 10 mi south of the Scottish border . It is the largest settlement in the county of Cumbria , and serves as the administrative centre for both Carlisle City Council and Cumbria County Council . At the time of the 2001 census , the population of Carlisle was 71,773 , with 100,734 living in the wider city . Ten years later , at the 2011 census , the city 's population had risen to 75,306 , with 107,524 in the wider city .   The early history of Carlisle is marked by its status as a Roman settlement , established to serve the forts on Hadrian 's Wall . During the Middle Ages , because of its proximity to the Kingdom of Scotland , Carlisle became an important military stronghold ; Carlisle Castle , still relatively intact , was built in 1092 by William Rufus , and once served as a prison for Mary , Queen of Scots . The castle now houses the Duke of Lancaster 's Regiment and the Border Regiment Museum . In the early 12th century , Henry I allowed the foundation of a priory in Carlisle . The town gained the status of a city when its diocese was formed in 1133 , and the priory became Carlisle Cathedral .   The introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution began a process of socioeconomic transformation in Carlisle , which developed into a densely populated mill town . This , combined with its strategic position , allowed for the development of Carlisle as an important railway town , with seven railway companies sharing Carlisle railway station .   Nicknamed the Great Border City , Carlisle today is the main cultural , commercial and industrial centre for north Cumbria . It is home to the main campuses of the University of Cumbria and a variety of museums and heritage centres . The former County Borough of Carlisle had held city status until the Local Government Act 1972 was enacted in 1974 .

neg: North Gosforth North Gosforth is a suburb and civil parish in the City of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear , England . It is north of the city centre , and has a population of 3,527 , increasing to 5,629 at the 2011 Census .

neg: Preston Patrick Preston Patrick is a village and civil parish in South Lakeland , Cumbria , England . It has junction 36 of the M6 motorway in its south west corner and extends north east on both sides of the motorway until just beyond the B2564 road . In the 2011 census its population was reported to be 426 . The neighbouring parishes are Old Hutton and Holmescales to the north , Lupton to the east , Beetham to the south and Preston Richard to the west .   St Patrick 's Church is a grade II listed building . It is within the ecclesiastical parish of St Thomas , Crosscrake , in the Kendal deanery of the Diocese of Carlisle .   There are 27 listed buildings or structures in the parish , including several milestones on the A65 . Preston Patrick Hall , a private house , is Grade II * listed and `` probably late 14th century '' .   The former primary school , built in 1775 , closed in 1949 and is now an art gallery . The Friends Meeting House was built in 1869 on the site of a previous meeting house built in 1691 which had fallen into disrepair after 1833 .   Preston Patrick Memorial Hall , built in the 1920s , is a community hall used for a range of events including meetings of the local Women 's Institute .

neg: Little Leigh Little Leigh ( formerly Leigh-juxta-Bartington ) is a civil parish and village within the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire , England . It is situated on high ground on the north bank of the River Weaver ; it is approximately 2 miles north of Weaverham on the A533 road and about three miles north-west of Northwich . The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 567 .

neg: Lytham St Annes Lytham St Annes ( -LSB- ˈlɪðəm_sənt_ˈænz -RSB- ) is a conurbation in the Fylde district of Lancashire , England . The neighbouring towns of Lytham and St. Annes-on-the-Sea ( nearly always abbreviated to St Annes ) have grown together and now form a seaside resort . The towns are situated on the Fylde coast , south of Blackpool at the point where the coastline turns east to form the estuary of the River Ribble leading inland to Preston . St Annes is situated on the northern side of the turning and , like Blackpool , overlooks the Irish Sea , whereas Lytham is on the eastern side and overlooks the Ribble Estuary . The population of Lytham St Annes taken at the 2011 census was 42,954 .   Lytham St Annes is internationally renowned for golf and has four courses and links , the most notable being the Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club , one of the host courses for the Open Championship , also known as the `` British Open '' , which has been a competition course since first hosting the Open in 1926 . Approximately once every ten years , the coming of The Open -- a major sporting event -- brings a major influx of visitors , including the world 's media , into a fairly peaceful community . Lytham St Annes is considered to be a wealthy area with residents ' earnings among the highest in the North of England .

neg: Long Preston Long Preston is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire , England , in the Yorkshire Dales . It lies along the A65 road , and is 12 mi from Skipton and 4 mi from Settle . The population of Long Preston in 2001 was 680 , increasing to 742 at the 2011 Census .

neg: Rose Grove railway station Rose Grove railway station is located in the western part of Burnley in Lancashire , England , 11 miles ( 17 km ) east of Blackburn railway station .   The Caldervale Line from and the East Lancashire Line converge at Gannow Junction , just east of Rose Grove . The semi-fast Blackpool North to York service via Burnley Manchester Road does not call at Rose Grove , but the recently introduced Blackburn to via one does do so . Trains either take the now single track line to and on to terminate at Colne or travel over Copy Pit summit into West Yorkshire en route to Todmorden and hence to & Manchester .   The station is a long island platform , with a disused bay platform at each end - one formerly used by local trains to Blackburn via Padiham and the other for services to Todmorden and Colne .   It is unstaffed , but there are passenger information screens and a long-line PA system in place to provide train running information . Waiting shelters & a ticket vending machine are also available . Access to the platform is via a staircase from the road above , so there is currently no step-free access on offer for disabled users .   Rose Grove was formerly the site of an engine shed , which was one of the last to house steam locomotives on British Railways . The site is now beneath the M65 motorway , which runs beside the railway at this point .   During the mid to late 1980s , Rose Grove was the starting point for an Inter City `` Holidaymaker '' Saturday service - in the 1989 timetable this ran as the 06:50 to via Preston and Birmingham New Street and the terminus for the 14:10 from Paignton return journey .   The Blackpool North-York service initially called at Rose Grove after its reinstatement in 1984 to allow interchange with trains to and from Colne , Nelson , Brierfield and the two other Burnley stations at Burnley Barracks and Central . However this stop was removed from the service in the early 1990s with East Lancashire Line passengers wishing to travel eastwards towards Yorkshire having to change at Accrington instead .   The station became unstaffed in the 1980s , following the demolition of the station buildings . The last remnants of the Great Harwood Loop towards have also disappeared , the line having been closed in 1993 with the end of oil traffic to the power station there .

neg: Clitheroe Clitheroe -LSB- ˈklɪðəroʊ -RSB- is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley , approximately 34 miles ( 55 km ) northwest of Manchester , in Lancashire , England . It is near the Forest of Bowland , and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area . It has a population of 14,765 .   The town 's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle , said to be one of the smallest Norman keeps in Britain . Several manufacturing companies have sites here , including Dugdale Nutrition , Hanson Cement , Johnson Matthey and Tarmac .

neg: Cheshire Cheshire ( -LSB- ˈtʃɛʃər -RSB- or -LSB- ˈtʃɛʃɪər -RSB- archaically the County Palatine of Chester ; abbreviated Ches . ) is a county in North West England , bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north , Derbyshire to the east , Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south and Wales to the west ( bordering Wrexham and Flintshire ) . Cheshire 's county town is Chester ; the largest town is Warrington .   Other major towns include Congleton , Crewe , Ellesmere Port , Macclesfield , Northwich , Runcorn , Widnes , Wilmslow , and Winsford . The county covers 905 sqmi and has a population of around 1 million . It is mostly rural , with a number of small towns and villages supporting the agricultural and other industries which produce Cheshire cheese , salt , chemicals and silk .

neg: Marshside, Merseyside Marshside is a suburb of the town of Southport , Merseyside , England .  It is part of the ancient parish of North Meols and was formerly a detached settlement , on the northern fringe of what is now Southport .   Marshside 's most notable features are neighbours : the SSSI and nature reserve on the opposite side of Marine Drive . The sandwinning plant closed in early 2007 . Whilst operational , it extracted thousands of tonnes of Southport sand per year for use in industry . The nature reserve is managed by the RSPB and provides food and accommodation to many native and migratory birds .   Marshside 's traditional industry was shrimping , and the practice still continues to a diminished degree today .   Marshside has four schools : Marshside Primary School , St Patrick 's Primary School , Larkfield Primary School ( between Larkfield Lane and Preston New Road ) and Stanley High School ( on Fleetwood Road ) . The last of these is the largest , with around 800 pupils between the ages of 11 and 16 .   Marshside has surprisingly few pubs ( compared with neighbouring Churchtown ) , possibly in part due to the strong tradition of Methodism in the former village . However , there is the Shrimper on Fylde Road ( next to the The Co-operative Food ) . The Shrimper is a food-serving pub and part of a large chain . A notable feature is a fish & chip shop built on to the back of the building in the car park , although this is no longer operational , but that has been replaced with a new fish and chip shop , otherwise known as Fylde Fish Bar next to The Co-operative Food and Fylde Road Pharmacy .   St Patrick 's Parish Club on Marshside Road is another establishment licensed to serve alcohol . Situated at the back of the old church , the members club is open throughout the week . The only other place to serve alcohol in Marshside is the Fleetwood Hesketh Sports & Social Club , on Fylde Road . Built on land acquired from the Meols Hall estate in Churchtown , this private members club has various sports teams including football , cricket , crown green and indoor bowls , darts , and snooker .   Marshside is also home to the only brass band in Southport .   The main modern industry in Marshside is situated on the estate behind the Shrimper pub , housed in a number of metal-clad buildings . There is a bakery and a publisher 's warehouse amongst others .

neg: Preston, Dorset Preston is a coastal village and suburb of Weymouth in south Dorset , England . It is approximately 3 km north-east of Weymouth town centre and 2 km west of the village of Osmington .   Preston contains two Haven campsites , Seaview and Weymouth Bay . It is home to a 14th-century church , St Andrew 's , which was built on the site of a much earlier Norman church . It has three public houses : The Bridge Inn ( formerly called The Swan ) , The Spice Ship and The Springhead . On the coast is the beach resort of Bowleaze Cove .   Preston has a village hall , used for many local groups including the local pantomime group .

neg: Kirkby Stephen Kirkby Stephen is a civil parish and small market town in Cumbria , in North West England which historically , is part of Westmorland . The town is located on the A685 , surrounded by sparsely populated hill country , and about 25 mi from the nearest larger towns , Kendal and Penrith . The River Eden rises 6 mi away in the peat bogs below Hugh Seat and passes by , almost unobserved , on the eastern edge of the town .   Kirkby Stephen has a parish council and is a centre for several smaller villages and parishes in the surrounding area , including Nateby , Ravenstonedale and Mallerstang . A community and council centre in the library , provides information and services on behalf of all the local councils ( county , district and parish ) , and general and local information and facilities .


query: Mithun Chakraborty is a Hollywood actor.

pos: Mithun Chakraborty Gourang Chakraborty ( born 16 June 1950 ) , better known by his stage name Mithun Chakraborty ; informally referred to as Mithun Da , is an Indian film actor , singer , producer , writer , social worker , entrepreneur and a Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament . He is the recipient of three National Film Awards . He made his acting debut with the art house drama Mrigayaa ( 1976 ) , for which he won his first National Film Award for Best Actor .   He began his career as a junior actor and went on to establish himself as one of the biggest stars in Bollywood . He is recognized as one of the best `` dancing-heroes '' in Bollywood with his `` Disco and Desi '' fusion-style dancing that is popular among the masses .   Chakraborty is best remembered for his role as Jimmy in the movie Disco Dancer which was a superhit in India and also in many other countries in the world , especially Russia . In Russia , Chakraborty and Raj Kapoor are the most popular Indian actors .   Besides ` Disco Dancer ' , Chakraborty is best remembered for his performance in films like Suraksha , Saahas , Wardat , Pyar Jhukta Nahi , Dance Dance and Agneepath .  In 1991 , he won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor award for his role as Krishnan Iyer Nariyal paniwala for the movie Agneepath .   He later won two more National Film Awards for his performances in Tahader Katha ( 1992 ) and Swami Vivekananda ( 1998 ) . Chakraborty has appeared in more than 350 films including Bengali , Odia , Bhojpuri , Telugu and Punjabi pictures .   Chakraborty owns the Monarch Group , which has interests in the hospitality sector and educational sector . He has also started the production house Paparatzy Productions In 1992 , he along with Dilip Kumar and Sunil Dutt , set up a trust to help needy actors called Cine & T.V Artistes Association ( CINTAA ) . He was also the Chairperson of Film Studios Setting & Allied Mazdoor Union which take care the welfare of cine workers and resolve their demands and problems . The Television show Dance India Dance where Chakraborty is the Grandmaster has already entered in Limca Book of Records and Guinness World Records Chakraborty played a crucial role of mediator between Pranab Mukherjee and Mamata Banerjee , winning the Congressman the support of the Trinamool chief in the 2012 presidential election .   A comic book named Jimmy Zhingchak has been made based on Chakraborty .

neg: Bhairav (film) Bhairav is a 2001 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by T L V Prasad , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Indrani Haldar , Hemant Birje and Puneet Issar . The film was a remake of Tamil film Gurupaarvai starring Prakash Raj .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Sher-E-Hindustan Sher-E-Hindustan is a 1998 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by T L V Prasad , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Sanghavi , Madhoo , Hemant Birje , Gavin Packard , Puneet Issar , Tej Sapru , Hemant Ravan and Gulshan Grover .

neg: 78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams .   Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .

neg: Sadhu Sant Sadhu Sant is a 1991 Hindi Indian film announced , starring Amitabh Bachchan and Mithun Chakraborty . The film was much awaited , but never graced theatres .

neg: Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide .   The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting .   In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 .  The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount .   Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night .   Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City .   Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Tahader Katha Tahader Katha ( English : Their story ) is a 1992 award-winning Bengali-language Indian drama film directed by Budhhadeb Dasgupta , starring Mithun Chakraborty , who won the 1993 National Film Awards for Best Actor for the film , while the film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali .

neg: Girish Karnad Girish Raghunath Karnad ( born 19 May 1938 ) is an Indian actor , film director , writer playwright and a Rhodes Scholar , who predominantly works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood . his rise as a playwright in 1960s , marked the coming of age of modern Indian playwriting in Kannada , just as Badal Sarkar did in Bengali , Vijay Tendulkar in Marathi , and Mohan Rakesh in Hindi . He is a recipient of the 1998 Jnanpith Award , the highest literary honour conferred in India .   For four decades Karnad has been composing plays , often using history and mythology to tackle contemporary issues . He has translated his plays into English and has received acclaim . His plays have been translated into some Indian languages and directed by directors like Ebrahim Alkazi , B. V. Karanth , Alyque Padamsee , Prasanna , Arvind Gaur , Satyadev Dubey , Vijaya Mehta , Shyamanand Jalan , Amal Allana and Zafer Mohiuddin . He is active in the world of Indian cinema working as an actor , director , and screenwriter , in Hindi and Kannada cinema , earning awards along the way . He was conferred Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India and won four Filmfare Awards , of which three are Filmfare Award for Best Director -- Kannada and the fourth a Filmfare Best Screenplay Award .

neg: Chhalia Chhalia is a 1960 Indian Bollywood drama film directed by Manmohan Desai . It stars Raj Kapoor , Nutan , Pran , Rehman and Shobhna Samarth . Raj Kapoor plays his stereotyped `` simple guy with a heart of gold '' role yet again . The story is loosely based on the `` White Nights '' written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky but is focused on the issue of estranged wives and children in the aftermath of Partition . Chhalia was shot in black-and-white . Music by Kalyanji-Anandji , played a part in the film 's box office success .

neg: Hollywood Sign The Hollywood Sign ( formerly the Hollywoodland Sign ) is a landmark and American cultural icon located in Los Angeles , California . It is situated on Mount Lee , in the Hollywood Hills area of the Santa Monica Mountains . The sign overlooks Hollywood , Los Angeles .   `` HOLLYWOOD '' is spelled out in 45 ft-tall white capital letters and is 350 feet ( 106.7 m ) long . It was originally created in 1923 as an advertisement for a local real estate development , but it garnered increasing recognition after the sign was left up . The sign was a frequent target of pranks and vandalism , but it has since undergone restoration , including the installation of a security system to deter vandalism . The sign is protected and promoted by The Trust For Public Land , a nonprofit organization , while its site and the surrounding land are part of Griffith Park .   From the ground , the contours of the hills give the sign a wavy appearance . When observed at a comparable altitude , the letters appear nearly level .   The sign makes frequent appearances in popular culture , particularly in establishing shots for films and television programs set in or around Hollywood . Signs of similar style , but spelling different words , are frequently seen as parodies .

neg: Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to .   Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified .   The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .

neg: Mithun, Inc Mithun , Inc. ( Mithun ) is a multidisciplinary professional services firm headquartered in the city of Seattle in Washington state in the United States of America offering integrated design services related to architecture , land use planning , landscape architecture , interior architecture , interior design , and `` cultural audits '' with a focus on sustainability .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: Paap Ki Kamaee Paap Ki Kamaee is a 1990 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Kawal Sharma , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Sangeeta Bijlani , Shilpa Shirodkar , Ektaa Bahl and Prem Chopra

neg: Naaraaz (1994 film) Naaraaz is a 1994 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Mahesh Bhatt , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Pooja Bhatt , Atul Agnihotri , Sonali Bendre and Gulshan Grover .

neg: Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .

neg: Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema .   In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe .   The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt .   The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity .   The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .

neg: Akshay Kumar Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia ( born 9 September 1967 ) , better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar , is an Indian-born actor who works in Bollywood films . Kumar is also a producer and martial artist who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Kumar has Canadian citizenship .   Kumar won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Rustom and he has been nominated for Filmfare Awards several times , winning it two times .   Box Office India listed Kumar as one of the most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema .  In February 2013 , many media outlets reported that the net box-office collection of Kumar 's films had crossed and he was the first and the only Bollywood actor to do so .  Having done so , he has established himself as a leading contemporary actor of Hindi cinema .   When he began his acting career in the 1990s , he primarily starred in action films and was known for his appearances in films of the `` Khiladi series '' as well as other action films such as Waqt Hamara Hai ( 1993 ) , Mohra ( 1994 ) , Elaan ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Sapoot ( 1996 ) , Jaanwar ( 1999 ) .   Later , Kumar also gained fame for his drama , romance , action and comic roles . His performances in romance films like Yeh Dillagi ( 1994 ) , Dhadkan ( 2000 ) , Andaaz ( 2003 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) , as well as drama films such as Waqt : The Race Against Time ( 2005 ) . His comic performances in comedy films such as Hera Pheri ( 2000 ) , Mujhse Shaadi Karogi ( 2004 ) , Garam Masala ( 2005 ) , Bhagam Bhag ( 2006 ) , Bhool Bhulaiyaa ( 2007 ) , and Singh Is Kinng ( 2008 ) met with acclaim . In 2007 , he starred in four consecutive commercially successful films . Kumar hit a rough patch since 2009 to 2011 but came back with two successes , Housefull 2 ( 2012 ) and Rowdy Rathore ( 2012 ) with both of them grossing over . His other films like OMG ( 2012 ) , Special 26 ( 2012 ) , Holiday ( 2014 ) and Gabbar Is Back ( 2015 ) were highly successful critically and commercially . From January 2016 to February 2017 , he starred in four Rs 100-crore plus earner in a row with films Airlift ( 2016 ) , Housefull 3 ( 2016 ) , Rustom ( 2016 ) and Jolly LLB 2 ( 2017 ) .   Apart from acting , Kumar has also worked as a stunt actor ; he has often performed many dangerous stunts in his films , which has earned him the sobriquet `` Indian Jackie Chan '' . In 2008 , he hosted the show Fear Factor -- Khatron Ke Khiladi . The next year , he founded the Hari Om Entertainment production company . In 2012 , he founded another production company called Grazing Goat Pictures . In 2014 , Kumar launched TV realty show Dare 2 Dance . He also owns the team Khalsa Warriors in the World Kabaddi League . In 2015 , Kumar was ranked 9th in Forbes ' first global list of highest-paid actors in the world .   In 2008 , the University of Windsor conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Kumar in recognition of his contribution to Indian cinema . The following year he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India . In 2011 , The Asian Awards honoured Kumar for his outstanding achievement in Cinema .

neg: Tisca Chopra Tisca Chopra ( born Tisca Zareen Arora ) is an Indian actress , author and producer . She has acted in over 45 feature films in different languages with many eminent directors like Aamir Khan , Prakash Jha , Madhur Bhandarkar , Abhinay Deo , Nagesh Kukunoor and Anup Singh .   ` Taare Zameen Par ' , her best known feature film , was India 's official entry to the Academy Awards . It also won her Filmfare and other top nominations . Another feature film , Qissa , premiered at the Toronto Film Festival in 2013 , and won the prestigious NETPAC Award for Best Asian Film . The film has traveled to over 20 festivals , winning over almost all top awards and much appreciation from audiences and critics . Tisca did her Bachelors in Literature from University of Delhi and worked extensively in theatre . She has honed her craft with Naseeruddin Shah & theatre director Feroz Khan . Her performance in the Pulitzer Award winning play , ` Dinner With Friends ' , that deals with the state of the modern marriage , was  a hit in India , South East Asia & the Middle East , garnering praise from both , critics and audiences . A practicing Buddhist , she consistently works on issues especially those of gender equality , the girl child and the environment . She has worked with Sam Pitroda on the National Knowledge Commission , to help with revamping the education system .   Her book Acting Smart ( Harper Collins ) , is a best seller and is being translated into Hindi . Tisca has been nominated at the New York Indian Film Festival for Best Actress for her work in ` 10Ml Love ' , a film based on A Mid Summer Night 's Dream . . The series won Best Ensemble Cast . She 's been on the Jury of the prestigious MAMI ( Mumbai Academy Of Moving Images ) film festival . Chutney , a short film she wrote and produced under her company , The Eastern Way won two Filmfare Awards ( Best Actress & Best Short Film ) . She is now developing two feature film scripts . Her upcoming projects are ` Bioscopewala ' , ` 3Dev ' & ` The Hungry ' ( which is based on the Shakespeare play `` Titus Andronicus '' ) . One of the most beautiful and stylish actresses , Tisca is often on best-dressed list and a favourite with advertisers , endorsing brands like Tanishq , Titan Eye Wear , Olay , Horlicks , Marks & Spencers , Godrej , Bajaj Motors and Kellogs .