query: Google was founded in the 90's.

pos: Google Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products . These include online advertising technologies , search , cloud computing , software , and hardware . Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University , in California . Together , they own about 14 percent of its shares , and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock . They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4 , 1998 . An initial public offering ( IPO ) took place on August 19 , 2004 , and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View , California , nicknamed the Googleplex . In August 2015 , Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. . Google , Alphabet 's leading subsidiary , will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet 's Internet interests . Upon completion of the restructure , Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google , replacing Larry Page , who became CEO of Alphabet .   Rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products , acquisitions , and partnerships beyond Google 's core search engine ( Google Search ) . It offers services designed for work and productivity ( Google Docs , Sheets and Slides ) , email ( Gmail/Inbox ) , scheduling and time management ( Google Calendar ) , cloud storage ( Google Drive ) , social networking ( Google + ) , instant messaging and video chat ( Google Allo/Duo/Hangouts ) , language translation ( Google Translate ) , mapping and turn-by-turn navigation ( Google Maps ) , video sharing ( YouTube ) , notetaking ( Google Keep ) , and photo organizing and editing ( Google Photos ) . The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system , the Google Chrome web browser , and Chrome OS , a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser . Google has moved increasingly into hardware ; from 2010 to 2015 , it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices , and in October 2016 , it released multiple hardware products ( including the Google Pixel smartphone , Home smart speaker , Wifi mesh wireless router , and Daydream View virtual reality headset ) . The new hardware chief , Rick Osterloh , stated : `` a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience '' . Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier . In February 2010 , it announced Google Fiber , a fiber-optic infrastructure that was installed in Kansas City ; in April 2015 , it launched Project Fi in the United States , combining Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different providers ; and in 2016 , it announced the Google Station initiative to make public Wi-Fi around the world , which had already been deployed in India .   Alexa , a company that monitors commercial web traffic , lists Google.com as the most visited website in the world . Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites , including YouTube and Blogger . Google has been the second most valuable brand in the world for 4 consecutive years , but has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns , tax avoidance , antitrust , censorship , and search neutrality . Google 's mission statement , from the outset , was `` to organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful '' , and its unofficial slogan was `` Do n't be evil '' . In October 2015 , the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase `` Do the right thing '' .

neg: Google Voice Search Google Voice Search or Search by Voice is a Google product that allows users to use Google Search by speaking on a mobile phone or computer , i.e. have the device search for data upon entering information on what to search into the device by speaking .   Initially named as Voice Action which allowed one to give speech commands to an Android phone . Once only available for the U.S. English locale -- commands were later recognizable and replied to in American , British , and Indian English ; French , Italian , German , and Spanish .   In Android 4.1 + ( Jelly Bean ) , it was merged with Google Now .   In August 2014 , a new feature was added to Google Voice Search , allowing users to choose up to five languages and the app will automatically understand the spoken language .

neg: Google Calendar Google Calendar is a time-management and scheduling calendar service developed by Google . It became available as a limited beta release on April 13 , 2006 , and exited the beta stage in July 2009 . It is available on the web and as mobile apps for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems .   Google Calendar allows users to create and edit events . Reminders can be enabled for events , with options available for type and time . Event locations can also be added , and other users can be invited to events . Users can enable or disable the visibility of special calendars , including Birthdays , where the app retrieves dates of births from Google contacts and displays birthday cards on a yearly basis , and Holidays , a country-specific calendar that displays dates of special occasions . Over time , Google has added functionality that makes use of machine learning , including `` Events from Gmail '' , where event information from a user 's Gmail messages are automatically added to Google Calendar ; `` Reminders '' , where users add to-do activities that can be automatically updated with new information ; `` Smart Suggestions '' , where the app recommends titles , contacts , and locations when creating events ; and `` Goals '' , where users enter information on a specified personal goal , and the app automatically schedules the activity at optimal times .   Google Calendar 's mobile apps have received polarized reviews . 2015 reviews of the Android and iOS apps both praised and criticized the design . While some critics praised the design for being `` cleaner '' , `` bold '' and making use of `` colorful graphics '' , other reviewers asserted that the graphics took up too much space . The Smart Suggestions feature was also liked and disliked , with varying levels of success in the app actually managing to suggest relevant information upon event creation . The integration between Google Calendar and Gmail was praised , however , with critics writing that `` all of the relevant details are there '' . The iOS app has been criticized for its lack of iPad support , and for the lack of a widget in the iOS Notification Center . An update in March 2017 added iPad support , and a blog post by Google announced that a Notification Center widget is coming in a future update .

neg: Division (business) A division of a business , sometimes called a business sector , is one of the parts into which a business , organization or company is divided . The divisions are distinct parts of that business . If these divisions are all part of the same company , then that company is legally responsible for all of the obligations and debts of the divisions . However , in a large organization , various parts of the business may be run by different subsidiaries , and a business division may include one or many subsidiaries . Each subsidiary is a separate legal entity owned by the primary business or by another subsidiary in the hierarchy . Often a division operates under a separate name and is the equivalent of a corporation or limited liability company obtaining a fictitious name or `` doing business as '' certificate and operating a business under that fictitious name . Companies often set up business units to operate in divisions prior to the legal formation of subsidiaries .   Generally , only an `` entity '' , e.g. a corporation , public limited company ( plc ) or limited liability company , etc. would have a `` division '' ; an individual operating in this manner would simply be `` operating under a fictitious name '' .   An example of this would be to look at Hewlett Packard ( HP ) , the computer and printer company . HP has several divisions , with the printer division , that makes laser and inkjet printers , being the largest and most profitable division . The divisions of HP , like the Printing & Multifunction division , the Handheld Devices ( includes the old calculator ) division , the Servers division ( mini and mainframe computers ) , etc. , all use the HP brand name . But , Compaq ( a part of HP since 2002 ) , operates as a subsidiary , using the Compaq brand name .   Mack Trucks continues to run itself separately , but is a wholly owned subsidiary of AB Volvo . Volvo Trucks also sells trucks under the Volvo name . Within Mack , there is a division named Mack de Venezuela C.A. that does final assembly and sells trucks in South America .   Another less obvious example is that Google Video is a division of Google , and is part of the same corporate entity . But the YouTube video service is a subsidiary of Google because it remains operated as YouTube , LLC , a separate business entity even though it is owned by Google .

neg: Simple.com Simple.com was an Application Service Provider founded by Sandro Pasquali and Carolynne Tilga in 1998 . Pasquali created a Web application compatible with the Internet Explorer 4 browser and Netscape Navigator 3 and 4 which gave users the tools to launch desktop , web portal , or general web applications with the quality of responsiveness of existing desktop applications over the World Wide Web .   A full window management and application launching system existed , controlled by JavaScript code . The resulting user experience was like that one of desktop applications and not what would have been expected from traditional web applications .   Navigation was provided via a dock of icons , or via the construction of sentences . Sentence construction took the form of `` I Want to '' > Verb > Object > Subject , such as `` I want to - buy a - book on - amazon.com '' or `` I want to - send an - email to - john '' .   Because of its application nature , content was loaded dynamically , avoiding the need for page refreshes . As such , user behavior ( what is searched for , what is focused on ) could be tracked over a session . As a result , technology facilitating the targeting of advertising based on user actions ( behavioral targeting ) was also invented for the platform .   Simple.com was involved in several lawsuits involving its webOS invention , notably with Computer Associates and with McAfee and Associates   Simple.com may be characterized as a predecessor to the later concepts of Ajax , rich Internet applications , web desktop , etc. .

neg: Western Digital Western Digital Corporation ( commonly referred to as Western Digital and often abbreviated as WDC or WD ) is an American computer data storage company and one of the largest computer hard disk drive manufacturers in the world , along with Seagate Technology .   Western Digital Corporation has a long history in the electronics industry as an integrated circuit maker and a storage products company . Western Digital was founded on April 23 , 1970 , by Alvin B. Phillips , a Motorola employee , as General Digital , initially ( and briefly ) a manufacturer of MOS test equipment . It rapidly became a speciality semiconductor maker , with start-up capital provided by several individual investors and industrial giant Emerson Electric . Around July 1971 , it adopted its current name and soon introduced its first product , the WD1402A UART .

neg: Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. .   , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion .   Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage .   The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .

neg: Google Groups Google Groups is a service from Google that provides discussion groups for people sharing common interests . The Groups service also provides a gateway to Usenet newsgroups via a shared user interface .   Google Groups became operational in February 2001 , following Google 's acquisition of Deja 's Usenet archive . ( Deja News had been operational since 1995 . )   Google Groups offers at least two kinds of discussion group ; in both cases users can participate in threaded conversations , either through a web interface or by e-mail . The first kind are forums specific to Google Groups which are inaccessible by NNTP and act more like mailing lists . The second kind are Usenet groups , for which Google Groups acts as gateway and unofficial archive ( the Google Groups archive of Usenet newsgroup postings dates back to 1981 ) . Through the Google Groups user interface , users can read and post to Usenet groups .   In addition to accessing Google and Usenet groups , registered users can also set up mailing list archives for e-mail lists that are hosted elsewhere .

neg: Google Dashboard In computing , Google Dashboard lets users of the Internet view and manage personal data collected about them by Google Inc. .  With an account , Google Dashboard allows users to have a summary view of their Google + , Google location history , Google web history , Google Play apps , YouTube and more . Once logged in , it summarizes data for each product the user uses and provides direct links to the products . The program allows setting preferences for personal account products .   The only information that is shared with Google Dashboard is information generated while one is logged into an account . All data in Dashboard is considered private unless settings are changed . Google allows the user control of all the information that they provide and allows the data submitted to be purged from each app .   Two step verification , web history , location history , and preferences are available for all applications .

neg: Finday Finday is a social web directory and search engine based on Google 's technology . It provides users a website ranking system that is n't based on statistics but on human criteria ( see below : FindayScore ) , and a directory of websites commented and evaluated on by users .   The website also includes a large amount of important data concerning each site : who owns it , where it 's located , what language it 's available in , web traffic figures or its popularity within the ranks of the largest Internet communities among others .

neg: Google logo The Google logo appears in numerous settings to identify the search engine company . Google has relied on several logos since its renaming ( see History of Google ) , with the first logo created by Sergey Brin using GIMP . A revised logo debuted on September 1 , 2015 . The previous logo , with slight modifications between 1999 and 2013 , was designed by Ruth Kedar ; the wordmark was based on the Catull typeface , an old style serif typeface designed by Gustav Jaeger for the Berthold Type Foundry in 1982 .   The company also includes various modifications or humorous features , such as cartoon modifications of their logo for use on holidays , birthdays of famous people , and major events , such as the Olympics . These special logos , some designed by Dennis Hwang , have become known as Google Doodles .

neg: Mark Lucovsky Mark Lucovsky is an American software developer who worked for Microsoft and who is now employed by VMware as Vice President of Engineering in charge of Cloud Foundry . He is noted for being a part of the team that designed and built the Windows NT operating system , which after Windows XP became the basis of all current Windows releases .   Lucovsky received his bachelor 's degree in computer science in 1983 from California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo . He worked at Digital Equipment Corporation , where he came to the attention of Dave Cutler and Lou Perazzoli . When Cutler and Perazzoli moved to Microsoft to work on their next generation operating system , they asked him to join them .   Among his contributions to Windows NT was an eighty-page manual that he wrote with Steve R. Wood defining the Windows application programming interfaces for software developers working on the Windows NT platform . He also managed check-ins to the Windows NT source code , tracking each check-in and discussing it with the developer before allowing it to be committed . Lucovsky was instrumental in moving the Windows team from the homegrown SLM revision control system to a custom version of Perforce ( SourceDepot ) .   Mark Lucovsky has stated that Steve Ballmer , on being informed that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google , picked up a chair and threw it across the room , hitting a table in his office . Lucovsky also described Ballmer as saying : `` Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy . I 'm going to fucking bury that guy , I have done it before , and I will do it again . I 'm going to fucking kill Google , '' then resumed trying to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft . Ballmer has described this as a `` gross exaggeration of what actually took place . ''   Lucovsky worked on the Microsoft . NET My Services product ( codenamed Hailstorm ) prior to moving to Google . At Google , he served as a Technical Director for the Ajax Search API . He joined VMware in July 2009 .

neg: 2Web Technologies 2Web Technologies was a New York City-based computer software company co-founded by Jonathan Rochelle and Fuzzy Khosrowshahi , which was acquired by Google in mid-2005 .   Its flagship product , XL2Web , was further developed at Google to become the spreadsheet application in Google Docs , the first launched product in that suite . On June 6 , 2006 , it was launched as Google Labs Spreadsheets .

neg: Google Drawings Google Drawings is a free , web-based diagramming software developed by Google . It allows users to collaborate and work together in real time to create flowcharts , organisational charts , website wireframes , mind maps , concept maps , and other types of diagrams . Google Drawings is also available as a Chrome app that works offline , available from the Chrome Web Store . Google Drawings is hosted within Google Drive and all files created with the application are by default saved to Google Drive . It was originally introduced on April 12 , 2010 as Google Docs drawings , a tool for making drawings in Google Docs .   Google Drawings allows multiple users to open and edit drawings simultaneously in real time .  It contains a subset of the features in Google Slides but with different templates .  Users can insert images from the local hard drive or from the Web , as well as shapes , arrows , scribbles and text . Google Drawings has set of flow-chart symbols and other shapes that can be dragged and dropped into place . Users can move , resize and rotate objects , and use polylines and line connectors .  It also allows for the editing of images , including cropping , applying masks and adding borders .  Other features include laying out drawings precisely with alignment guides , snapping to grid , and auto-distribution .  Drawings can be inserted into other Google documents , spreadsheets , or presentations . They can also be published online as images or downloaded in standard formats such as JPEG , SVG , PNG , or PDF .

neg: Open Sans Open Sans is a sans-serif typeface designed by Steve Matteson and commissioned by Google . According to Google , it was developed with an `` upright stress , open forms and a neutral , yet friendly appearance '' and is `` optimized for legibility across print , web , and mobile interfaces . '' Featuring wide apertures on many letters and a large x-height ( tall lower-case letters ) , the typeface is highly legible on screen and at small sizes . It belongs to the humanist genre of sans-serif typefaces , with a true italic .   Open Sans is used in some of Google 's web pages as well as its print and web advertisements . Its design is similar to that of Matteson 's Droid Sans , created as the first user interface font for Android phones , but with wider characters and the inclusion of italic variants .

neg: Google Founders' Award The Google Founders ' Award was a special award for entrepreneurial achievement awarded to groups at Google Inc. .   The awards are given in the form of stock grants , and the program was initiated in 2004 by Google founders Sergey Brin and Lawrence E. Page to reward groups .

neg: Zedo Zedo ( trademark styled as ZEDO ) is a privately held company founded in 1999 by Roy de Souza , which provides several online advertising products and services to Internet publishers , advertisers , and agencies . The company works with publishers who sell space on their web pages to online advertisers . Zedo 's servers send advertisements to users ' browsers . Zedo uses an HTTP cookie to track users ' browsing history resulting in targeted pop-up ad and pop-under ads . The cookie is often flagged by spyware and adware removal programs . In a 2013 case study written by Amazon , Amazon described ZEDO as a company that develops innovative technology solutions to help publishers sell and deliver Internet ads .

neg: Expert System S.p.A. Expert System is a software company founded in Modena , Italy in 1989 . It specializes in the analysis and management of unstructured information using a semantic approach .   Expert System developed Cogito , the patented , multilingual technology that understands the meaning of words in context much the way that people do . Based on an advanced semantic analysis engine and a complete semantic network , Cogito enables the deep understanding of any type of text with speed and precision . It dramatically improves the ability of businesses and government organizations to use all of their available information for market intelligence , decision making and strategic planning .   As of February 2014 , Expert System is listed on the Borsa Italiana section AIM Italia . In July 2014 , the company was included in Gartner 's Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Search .

neg: Utility computing Utility computing , or The Computer Utility , is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed , and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate . Like other types of on-demand computing ( such as grid computing ) , the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs . Utility is the packaging of computing resources , such as computation , storage and services , as a metered service . This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources ; instead , computational resources are essentially rented .   This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to `` on demand '' computing , software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing , application and network as a service .   There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift . However , the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream .   IBM , HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing , with their business units and researchers working on the architecture , payment and development challenges of the new computing model . Google , Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008 , as they established their own utility services for computing , storage and applications .   Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers .   `` Utility computing '' has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer . Multiple servers are used on the `` back end '' to make this possible . These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out , or even an under-utilized supercomputer . The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing .   The term `` grid computing '' is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing , where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains . To provide utility computing services , a company can `` bundle '' the resources of members of the public for sale , who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients .   One model , common among volunteer computing applications , is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes , on the behest of approved end-users ( in the commercial case , the paying customers ) . Another model , sometimes called the Virtual Organization ( VO ) , is more decentralized , with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle .   The definition of `` utility computing '' is sometimes extended to specialized tasks , such as web services .

neg: Google WiFi Google WiFi is a municipal wireless network deployed in Mountain View , California . It is entirely funded by Google and installed primarily on Mountain View lightposts . Google had committed to keeping the service free until 2010 . The initial service was shut down by Google on May 3 , 2014 at their Mountain View base , and provided a new public outdoor WiFi .

neg: GeoVector GeoVector Corporation ( originally named Criticom Corporation ) began conducting research into augmented reality in early 1990s . The company , co-founded by John Ellenby , who also founded laptop pioneer GRiD Systems Corporation , devised a method to use sensors in a device to associate relevant digital information with places on earth .   The basic concept around which most of GeoVector 's R&D has focused is that knowing the position and orientation of the device allows the application to provide digital information associated with a place in the real world . Position and direction data can be used to create a virtual vector which intersects with objects indexed in databases by their latitude and longitude coordinates .   GeoVector 's first patent in this domain , since issued as 5,815,411 , was filed September 10 , 1993 .  The company originally held the trademark for `` Augmented Reality '' ( issued in 1995 ) but abandoned it as the term was generally adopted to describe this technique .   Early GeoVector work focused on providing vertical solutions . One GeoVector augmented reality design used compass equipped binoculars along with GPS to superimpose nautical maps on the visual horizon thus improving the safety of navigation .   A video showing early Augmented Reality concepts from GeoVector can be seen here   GeoVector then discovered that their basic technology would improve the user experience on handheld devices delivering location aware applications . In this instance , actually viewing the real object was not necessary . Simply being able to refine the search for location information by knowing the direction of user interest or the specific object of his attention would be a significant benefit . The GeoVector team then implemented what they now refer to as the `` pointing '' feature .   In 1998 , `` Clipper '' project was initiated . The company built a prototype device known internally as The `` Little Guy '' , a handheld `` pointable '' information appliance independent of a visual or video element .  Since that time GeoVector has worked closely with sensor and device manufactures to encourage them to include GPS and compass elements in their products . In early 2006 , there were sufficient pointing capable handsets in Japan for GeoVector to launch its first commercial product on the KDDI network with support of local partners NECM and Mapion .   A video showing the functionality of Pointing is on YouTube .   The company has continued its research and development in directional searching and augmented reality and has been awarded several patents in those areas . Further information about their intellectual property can be found on line at their website patent gallery .


query: Jacki Weaver refuses to work in film.

pos: Jacki Weaver Jacqueline Ruth `` Jacki '' Weaver , AO ( born 25 May 1947 ) is an Australian theatre , film , and television actress . She is known internationally for her performances in Animal Kingdom ( 2010 ) and Silver Linings Playbook ( 2012 ) , both of which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress .   Weaver emerged in the 1970s as a symbol of the Australian New Wave through her work in Ozploitation films such as Stork ( 1971 ) , Alvin Purple ( 1973 ) and Petersen ( 1974 ) . In 2005 , she released her autobiography titled Much Love , Jac .

pos: Alvin Purple Alvin Purple is an 1973 Australian comedy film starring Graeme Blundell , written by Alan Hopgood and directed by Tim Burstall .   It received largely negative reviews from local film critics . Despite this it was a major hit with Australian audiences . Alvin Purple became the most commercially successful Australian film released to that time , breaking the box office record set by Michael Powell 's pioneering Anglo-Australian comedy feature They 're a Weird Mob ( 1966 ) .   The score and title theme were composed by iconic Australian singer-songwriter Brian Cadd .   A 1974 film sequel Alvin Rides Again toned-down the sex scenes and nudity , adding more camp comedy .   This was followed by a 1976 Australian Broadcasting Commission situation comedy television series titled Alvin Purple . Blundell reprised the title role in both , as well as in the 1984 movie Melvin , Son of Alvin .

pos: Animal Kingdom (film) Animal Kingdom is a 2010 Australian crime film written and directed by David Michôd , and starring Ben Mendelsohn , Joel Edgerton , Guy Pearce , James Frecheville , Luke Ford , Jacki Weaver , and Sullivan Stapleton .   Michôd 's script was inspired by events which involved the Pettingill criminal family of Melbourne , Australia . In 1991 , two brothers Trevor Pettingill and Victor Peirce ( along with two other men : Anthony Leigh Farrell and Peter David McEvoy ) were acquitted in the 1988 shooting murder of two Victorian police officers .   Animal Kingdom was critically acclaimed . It received 36 awards and 39 nominations , and Jacki Weaver received multiple awards for her performance , including an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress .

pos: Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles .   Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems .   Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .

pos: Stork (film) Stork is a 1971 Australian comedy film directed by Tim Burstall . Stork is based on the play The Coming of Stork by David Williamson . Bruce Spence and Jacki Weaver make their feature film debuts in Stork , being honoured at the 1972 Australian Film Institute Awards , where they shared the acting prize . Stork won the prize for best narrative feature and Tim Burstall won for best direction . Stork was one of the first ocker comedies . Stork was the first commercial success of the Australian cinema revival called the Australian New Wave .

neg: The Woman in the Hall The Woman in the Hall is a 1947 British drama film , directed by Jack Lee , with a screenplay by Jack Lee , Ian Dalrymple and Gladys Bronwyn Stern , from Stern 's novel . It was released in 1947 . `` A studio bound melodrama , it seems atypical of Lee 's later films , but the struggles of an individual to achieve a goal and through that struggle develop into a better person was a recurrent theme . '' The film features the screen debut of future television star Susan Hampshire .

neg: Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe .   Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine .   The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .

neg: Jack Weaver Jack Weaver ( 1 November 1928 -- 7 April 2009 ) was a Los Angeles County Deputy Sheriff and the developer of the Weaver stance , a popular shooting stance for firing handguns .

neg: Jackrabbit (film) Jack Rabbit is a 2015 American cyberpunk film directed by Carleton Ranney , who co-wrote it with Destin Douglas . Josh Caras and Ian Christopher Noel star as residents of a dystopian city who attempt to find details about the death of their mutual friend , a computer hacker . It premiered at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival .

neg: Antidote Films For the Australian film distribution company , see Antidote Films ( Australia ) .   Antidote Films , also known as Antidote International Films , Inc. , is an independent film production company founded by producer Jeff Levy-Hinte based in the Hudson Square neighborhood of New York City . In 2008 , Antidote completed several documentaries , including Soul Power and The Dungeon Masters , both of which premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival .   Antidote produced Roman Polanski : Wanted and Desired , a documentary directed by Marina Zenovich , which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winner of the Documentary Editing Award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , the film will be released domestically by HBO and internationally through The Weinstein Company .   Prior to this , Antidote produced several narrative films until The Last Winter , when the company shifted its focus to documentary .   Other Antidiote productions include the eco-horror thriller The Last Winter ; The Hawk Is Dying , adapted from Harry Crews ' novel and directed by Julian Goldberger ; Mysterious Skin , directed by Greg Araki ; and Thirteen , directed by Catherine Hardwicke .   In 2003 Daily Variety announced Antidote 's plans for a film adaptation of the JT LeRoy novel ` Sarah ' , to be directed by Steven Shainberg . According to The New York Times , when Shainberg learned that JT LeRoy was a literary persona and that Laura Albert was the actual author of Sarah , he decided `` to make a ` meta-film , ' a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling ` Sarah Plus . ' '' The Times also reported that this new project `` required the rights to Laura Albert 's story , rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant . '' In June 2007 Antidote sued Albert for fraud , claiming that a contract signed with JT LeRoy to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void . After a Manhattan jury found Albert liable in monetary damages for the tort of fraud because she had signed her nom de plume to the movie contract , The New York Times noted that Jeffrey Levy-Hinte said , `` if Ms. Albert , who never made a fortune from her literary works , could not afford to pay the judgment , he might have to consider laying claim to the rights to her past and future books . '' Levy-Hinte 's chief lawyer insisted , `` Neither Jeff nor I want to ruin Laura Albert . We just want her to behave with a little more integrity . '' After an appeal , the damages awarded were reduced by settlement with Antidote in 2009 , and Laura Albert retained the rights to her books and her life story .

neg: Sally (2000 film) Sally is a 2000 American drama film starring Rachael Leigh Cook , Michael Weston , and Fatmir Haskaj , and written and directed by first time director David Goldsmith who also appears in the film as Jack .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Janet Leigh Janet Leigh ( born Jeanette Helen Morrison ; July 6 , 1927 -- October 3 , 2004 ) was an American actress , singer , dancer and author . She is best remembered for her performance in Psycho , for which she was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination . She was the first wife of actor Tony Curtis and the mother of Kelly Curtis and Jamie Lee Curtis .   Discovered by actress Norma Shearer , Leigh made her acting debut on radio in 1946 and secured a contract with MGM the following year . Early in her career , she appeared in popular films spanning a wide variety of genres , including Act of Violence ( 1948 ) , Little Women ( 1949 ) , Angels in the Outfield ( 1951 ) , Scaramouche ( 1952 ) , The Naked Spur ( 1953 ) and Living It Up ( 1954 ) . She played mostly dramatic roles during the latter half of the 1950s , in such films as Safari ( 1956 ) and Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) , but achieved her most lasting recognition as the doomed Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho ( 1960 ) .   Her highly publicized marriage to Curtis ended in divorce in 1962 , and after starring in The Manchurian Candidate that same year , Leigh scaled back her career . Intermittently , she continued to appear in notable films , including Bye Bye Birdie ( 1963 ) , Harper ( 1966 ) and Night of the Lepus ( 1972 ) as well as two films with her daughter , Jamie Lee : The Fog ( 1980 ) and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later ( 1998 ) . She also wrote four books between 1984 and 2002 , including two novels .   Leigh died in 2004 at age 77 , following a year-long battle with vasculitis , an inflammation of the blood vessels . Among her survivors was her husband of 42 years , Robert Brandt .

neg: Calli Cox Calli Cox ( born Kristy Jo Connelly ; February 26 , 1977 ) is an American former pornographic actress .

neg: BFI Flipside BFI Flipside is a series of Dual Format Editions ( DVD and Blu-ray released together ) which was launched in May 2009 and is published by the British Film Institute 's Video label . The series so far features a total of 65 feature and short films , as well as 10 archive interviews with the likes of Spike Milligan , Peter Cook and Richard Lester . The BFI Flipside charts `` the untold history of British film '' , and includes performances by such celebrated actors as John Hurt , Jane Asher , Ian McNeice , Richard O'Brien , Tom Bell , Peter Cook , Barry Evans , Denholm Elliott and Judy Geeson in films directed by the likes of Clive Donner , Richard Lester , Barney Platts-Mills , John Irvin , Stuart Cooper , Guy Hamilton , Peter Watkins and James Hill . Each BFI Flipside edition includes a feature film presentation that is complemented by additional film content ( sometimes a second feature film by the same director , or a selection of short films which are related to the main feature by subject , era , actor or director ) . Each release is packaged in distinctive artwork which carries the volume number on the spine , and with a comprehensive booklet containing informative essays , full cast and credit information , original film reviews and reproductions of original promotional material . The Flipside is dedicated to releasing British film titles which have never been available on any home video format before ( though some exceptions have been noted by the label 's founder and programmer ) , and all films are newly mastered to High Definition from the best available film materials from the BFI National Archive or from the collections of filmmakers . Each title was originally released on both DVD and Blu-ray , but since The Pleasure Girls in a dual format release .

neg: Cine Foundation International Cine Foundation International is London-based non-profit film company and human rights NGO `` aiming to 'em power open consciousness through cinema ' '' . The foundation was formed in December 2010 by American filmmaker Jesse Richards , founder of the Remodernist film movement , South Korean film critic Blue Un Sok Kim and Tobias Morgan , formerly the developer of `` The Garage '' on Mubi .   On 3 January 2011 , CFI announced their launch of a campaign of protest films and public actions calling for the release of imprisoned Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi . `` The campaign will include protest films that speak to human rights issues in Iran and throughout the world , six of which are commissioned feature-length , plus twenty shorts . Participating filmmakers may act anonymously or through pseudonyms since voicing their stories can be dangerous . The films , which will address themes of nation , identity , self , spiritual culture , censorship and imprisonment , will be aimed for public , web and various exhibition media '' . In January 2011 , filmmakers Béla Tarr and Lav Diaz joined the foundation 's Board of Directors , and in February Fred Kelemen joined the Board of Directors .   Also in January 2011 , CFI deployed a video protest mechanism called WHITE MEADOWS ( named for the Mohammad Rasoulof film of the same title ) and developed by Ericson deJesus ( of Yahoo! and frog design ) at the request of the foundation . The video mechanism `` allow ( s ) anyone in the world to record a short video statement about Panahi and Rasoulof . There will be an ESCAPE button at top , allowing quick exit for those in countries where recording a statement would be dangerous . There will be an option to have the screen black , and soon , voice distortion . The video statements will be recorded as mp4s , giving them maximum transmedia capacity , which essentially makes them broadcastable from any device that can show video '' . Users can also use the mechanism to comment on how they would `` like to see as an international response by the film industry '' , comment on the state of human rights in general , or to `` report a human rights abuse to the world '' .   Late in 2011 , CFI launched #OccupyCinema , an ongoing collective project in collaboration with the global Occupy movement . The project encompasses `` public space projections onto buildings or other public surfaces -- broadcasting films , video documents or live feeds , with the intention of decentralising traditional broadcast monopolies and information power structures where these interfere with freedom of speech or otherwise compel human beings to surrender to the agendas of ethically bankrupt regimes . '' On November 1 , #OccupyCinema will launch public displays of films in New York City , Dallas , Kansas , London and Paris , with more to follow over the next week .   Tobias Morgan resigned as Chair in Autumn 2011 , having been commissioned to make a Cine Foundation International feature film dedicated to the Iranian film producer Katayoun Shahabi . Jesse Richards resigned in 2012 , and Blue Un Sok Kim took the Chair .   Category : International human rights organizations  Category : Organisations based in the United Kingdom  Category : Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom  Category : Film organisations in the United Kingdom

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Sigourney Weaver The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress Sigourney Weaver . She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1988 film Working Girl , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress ( drama ) for the 1988 film Gorillas in the Mist , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1997 film The Ice Storm . She is also a three-time Academy Award nominee , three-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award nominee .

neg: The Trouble with Cali The Trouble with Cali is an American drama film . The film was directed by Paul Sorvino and written by his daughter Amanda Sorvino . It stars Laurence Leboeuf , Glynnis O'Connor , Chris Meyer , Raviv Ullman and RZA .   The film will not be released in theaters as a distribution deal was not able to be successfully negotiated spurring contention with Lackawanna County , Pennsylvania , residents as $ 500,000 in tax payer funds was used to finance the film . Subsequently , the Scranton Cultural Center hosted a free premier of the film on July 9 , 2015 , with additional showings on July 10 , 2015 and July 11 , 2015 .

neg: Jack the Dog Jack the Dog is a 2001 American comedy-drama film , written and directed by Bobby Roth and starring Nestor Carbonell , Barbara Williams , Barry Newman , and Anthony LaPaglia . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2001 , and was released on DVD in the United States by Rivercoast Films on August 12 , 2008 . A sequel , Manhood , was released in 2003 .

neg: Junket Whore Junket Whore is a 1998 documentary film directed by Debbie Melnyk and hosted by Lauren Hutton . This revealing documentary explores the relationship between Hollywood 's publicists and the entertainment journalists .   It also stars many Hollywood artists including Sylvester Stallone , Martin Short , Alicia Silverstone , Charlie Sheen , Hugh Grant , Ed Harris , Gérard Depardieu , Jack Nicholson , Brooke Shields , Matthew McConaughey , Ashley Judd , Sharon Stone , John Travolta , Kelly Preston , Emma Thompson , Arnold Schwarzenegger , Tom Cruise , Nicolas Cage , Clint Eastwood , Jim Carrey , Robert De Niro , Whoopi Goldberg , Robin Williams , Richard Gere , Antonio Banderas , Pauly Shore , Sean Connery , Julianne Moore , Madonna , and Anthony Hopkins . It was produced by Rick Caine .

neg: A Certain Sacrifice A Certain Sacrifice is a 1985 American drama film co-written and directed by Stephen Jon Lewicki and starring Madonna , Jeremy Pattnosh and Charles Kurtz . It was Madonna 's first movie , filmed around September 1979 , but not released until 1985 .   The film is an `` oddball '' independent film , shot on-and-off over two years in New York City for just $ 20,000 . Madonna finished her scenes in the Fall of 1980 . Almost all of the cast were unpaid .

neg: AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role .   It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) .   Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .

neg: Ouija: Origin of Evil Ouija : Origin of Evil is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed and edited by Mike Flanagan and written by Flanagan and Jeff Howard . The film is a prequel to the 2014 film Ouija and stars Elizabeth Reaser , Annalise Basso , Lulu Wilson , Parker Mack , Doug Jones and Henry Thomas . Unlike its predecessor , the film 's plot focuses on a widow and her family adding a Ouija board to their phony seance business where , unbeknownst to them , they invite a spirit that possesses the youngest daughter .   The film was released on October 21 , 2016 by Universal Studios , grossing over $ 81 million . The film received positive reviews , with many praising it as a significant improvement over its predecessor .

neg: Marilyn Joi Marilyn Joi ( born May 22 , 1945 ) is an American actress who appeared in a number of exploitation films during the 1970s . She starred in several films by Al Adamson including The Naughty Stewardesses ( 1974 ) , Blazing Stewardesses ( 1975 ) and Black Samurai ( 1977 ) , and played the henchwoman Velvet in Ilsa , Harem Keeper of the Oil Sheiks ( 1976 ) , and Cleopatra Schwartz in The Kentucky Fried Movie ( 1977 ) . Among her other film credits were roles in Hit Man ( 1972 ) , Mean Mother ( 1974 ) , The Candy Tangerine Man ( 1975 ) , Mansion of the Doomed ( 1976 ) , The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington ( 1977 ) , Nurse Sherri ( 1978 ) and Galaxina ( 1980 ) .   She was often credited as Tracy King , Tracy Ann King and T.A. King .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .


query: Justice (DC Comics) was written by two writers.

pos: Justice (DC Comics) Justice is a twelve-issue American comic book limited series published bimonthly by DC Comics from August 2005 through June 2007 , written by Alex Ross and Jim Krueger , with art also by Ross and Doug Braithwaite . Its story involves the superhero team known as the Justice League of America confronting the supervillain team the Legion of Doom , after every supervillain is motivated by a shared dream that seems to be a vision of the planet 's destruction which they intend to avoid .

pos: Jim Krueger Jim Krueger is an American comic book writer , novelist , and filmmaker .

pos: Alex Ross Nelson Alexander `` Alex '' Ross ( born January 22 , 1970 ) is an American comic book writer/artist known primarily for his painted interiors , covers , and design work . He first became known with the 1994 miniseries Marvels , on which he collaborated with writer Kurt Busiek for Marvel Comics . He has since done a variety of projects for both Marvel and DC Comics , such as the 1996 miniseries Kingdom Come , which Ross co-wrote . Since then he has done covers and character designs for Busiek 's series Astro City , and various projects for Dynamite Entertainment . His feature film work includes concept and narrative art for Spider-Man and Spider-Man 2 , and DVD packaging art for the M. Night Shyamalan film Unbreakable . He has done covers for TV Guide , promotional artwork for the Academy Awards , posters and packaging design for video games , and his renditions of superheroes have been merchandised as action figures .   Ross ' style has been said to exhibit `` a Norman-Rockwell-meets-George-Pérez vibe '' , and has been praised for its realistic , human depictions of classic comic book characters . His rendering style , his attention to detail , and the perceived tendency of his characters to be depicted staring off into the distance in cover images has been satirized in Mad magazine . Because of the time it takes Ross to produce his art , he primarily serves as a plotter and/or cover artist . Comics Buyer 's Guide Senior Editor Maggie Thompson , commenting on that publication 's retirement of the Favorite Painter award from their CBG Fan Awards due to Ross ' domination of that category , stated in 2010 , `` Ross may simply be the field 's Favorite Painter , period . That 's despite the fact that many outstanding painters are at work in today 's comic books . ''

neg: Poetic justice (disambiguation) Poetic justice is a literary device in which virtue is ultimately rewarded or vice punished , without being the first a logic causation of the last .   Poetic justice may also refer to :  Poetic Justice ( film ) , a 1993 film written and directed by John Singleton and starring Janet Jackson , Tupac Shakur , Regina King , and Joe Torry  `` Poetic Justice '' ( song ) , a song by American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar , taken from his 2012 second studio album , Good Kid , M.A.A.D City  Poetic Justice ( Stan Rogers album ) , 1996 compact disc containing two radio plays : Harris and the Mare and The Sisters  Poetic Justice ( Lillian Axe album ) , a 1992 album by glam metal band Lillian Axe  Poetic Justice ( Steve Harley album ) , a 1996 album by Steve Harley  Poetic Justice ( film ) , the official movie soundtrack to John Singleton 's film Poetic Justice  Poetic Justice ( TV series ) , a Singaporean TV series  Poetic Justice , historical novel by Nigel Tranter  Poetic Justice ( Porridge ) , an episode of the BBC sitcom Porridge

neg: JLA: Act of God JLA : Act of God is a three issue limited series published by DC Comics under the Elseworlds banner in 2000 . It is written by Doug Moench and illustrated by Dave Ross .   The story is a psychological look at what could happen to many superheroes if their powers were taken away by an unseen natural event , and has them pondering whether or not it is right for them to have powers in the first place .

neg: Liberty & Justice Liberty and Justice '' are two characters from Erik Larsen 's the Savage Dragon comic book series . Brother and sister they are the children of major supporting character SuperPatriot .   The twins are deliberately total opposites of each other . Liberty is fierce , strong-willed , outspoken and temperamental but gullible while Justice is subservient , keen , polite and rather un-intelligent . Neither of them have any powers but are both in top physical condition .

neg: The World's Greatest Super-Heroes The World 's Greatest Super-Heroes is the name to the oversized slipcased hardcover anthology collection , that reprinted six oversized graphic novels all created by artist Alex Ross and writer Paul Dini . Four graphic novels were originally published to celebrate the 60th anniversary of DC main characters : Superman , Batman , Captain Marvel and Wonder Woman , thus Superman : Peace on Earth were published in 1998 , Batman : War on Crime in 1999 , Shazam ! : Power of Hope in 2000 and finally Wonder Woman : Spirit of Truth in 2001 . Alex Ross original idea was make a statement about the four superhero comics archetypes : Science Fiction ( Superman ) , Crime/Mystery ( Batman ) , Magic ( Captain Marvel ) and Myth ( Wonder Woman ) .   In the following year , DC Comics also published one extra book : JLA : Secret Origins . Not featuring any storyline whatsoever , it only presented the origins of the four main characters already published in the previous books and the origins of other Justice League characters : Green Lantern , Flash , Green Arrow , Black Canary , Martian Manhunter , Hawkman , Hawkgirl and Plastic Man . Every origin was present in two-pages layout based on Joe Shuster 's origin of Superman from Action Comics # 1 .   The final book , published in 2003 , JLA : Liberty and Justice presented a full story featuring the entire group , the first time that Alex Ross was able to use all characters in the current timeline . The artwork is of Ross ' very own photorealism , and the books themselves were created after the success of Ross ' and writer Mark Waid 's famous Kingdom Come .   The World 's Greatest Super-Heroes was released on August 1 , 2005 on dust-jacket slipcase hardcover edition ( 9.6 '' x 13 '' ) and got paperback reprint ( 8.2 '' x 11 '' ) on September 28 , 2010 . Both collected versions are smaller than the original Treasury Editions ( 10 '' x 13.5 '' ) .

neg: Jakeem Thunder Jakeem Thunder ( Jakeem Johnny Williams ) , initially called J.J. Thunder , is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe , a member of the superhero team the Justice Society of America . Jakeem first appeared in Flash ( vol . 2 ) # 134 ( February 1998 ) , and was created by Grant Morrison , Mark Millar and Paul Ryan .

neg: Mike Gold (comics) Michael Gold ( born August 4 , 1950 ) was media coordinator for the defense for the Chicago Conspiracy Trial , is a former Group Editor and Director of Editorial Development at DC Comics , co-founder of First Comics , and the co-founder and director of communication National Runaway Switchboard as well as a disk jockey in Chicago in the 1970s .   Gold launched First Comics in 1983 with a line-up of creators including Frank Brunner , Mike Grell , Howard Chaykin , Joe Staton , Steven Grant , Timothy Truman , and John Ostrander . Among the titles Gold edited were Chaykin 's satirical futuristic cop series American Flagg ; Ostrander and Truman 's GrimJack ; Mike Baron & Steve Rude 's Nexus ; Badger ; Jim Starlin 's space opera series Dreadstar and Mike Grell 's Jon Sable Freelance , which was briefly adapted for TV .   In 1986 , Gold left First Comics and returned to DC , where he edited Legends , The Shadow , The Question , Action Comics Weekly , Green Arrow : The Longbow Hunters , Blackhawk , and Hawkworld .   In 2005 , Gold revived Jon Sable Freelance and GrimJack for IDW Publishing with new miniseries and reprint collections of the First Comics issues , and would also publish a complete collection of Mars .   In 2006 , Gold co-founded ComicMix with Brian Alvey and Glenn Hauman .   In 2011 , he received the first Humanitarian Award from the Hero Initiative during the Harvey Awards ceremony at the Baltimore Comic-Con .   Gold has worked with the Organic Theater Company of Chicago and the American Shakespeare Theatre , been involved with numerous political efforts , and a significant contributor to an award-winning Head Start and early childhood education program for the Child Care Center of Stamford . His writings have appeared in a wide range of newspapers and magazines , including The Chicago Tribune , The Realist and MacUser magazine .

neg: JSA: The Liberty Files JSA : The Liberty Files is a comic book published by DC Comics . The writers were Dan Jolley and Tony Harris . The artists were Harris and Ray Snyder . The books were originally written as two separate two-issue stories ; JSA : The Liberty File in 2000 and a sequel , JSA : The Unholy Three in 2003 . They were published as a single volume collection in 2004 . In 2012 , an additional sequel entitled JSA : The Liberty Files - The Whistling Skull debuted , again with Tony Harris , and featuring B. Clay Moore as the writer .   The series was created as part of DC 's Elseworlds line ; stories that are considered non-canonical . This series was based on characters from the Justice Society of America but portrayed them as covert government operatives in a World War II-era setting , rather than their traditional portrayal as superheroes fighting criminals .

neg: The Adventures of Superman (novel) The Adventures of Superman is a novel by George Lowther . It was first published in 1942 with illustrations by Joe Shuster , the co-creator of Superman . A facsimile edition was released in 1995 by Applewood Books , with a new introduction by Roger Stern .   This book is the first novelization of a comic book character , and also the first Superman story credited to someone other than Jerry Siegel . It was Lowther who first provided many now-familiar details of Superman 's birth and early life . The first two chapters provided the first detailed description of the planet Krypton , and renamed Kal-El 's parents Jor-El and Lara who previously had been named Jor-L and Lora . The next three chapters dealt with Clark Kent 's childhood on the farm of his adoptive parents , Eben and Sarah Kent . ( In the comics , the Kents suffered through many name changes before settling on Jonathan and Martha in 1952 . ) In the sixth chapter , Clark arrived in Metropolis and got a job with the Daily Planet , while the remaining eleven chapters deal with a mystery involving ghost ships and Nazi spies .   The book is illustrated with four full-page color illustrations , six full-page black-and-white illustrations , and numerous sketches , all examples of Joe Shuster 's work .   Category :1942 American novels  Category : Superman novels  Category :1940 s fantasy novels

neg: Justice (2006 TV series) Justice is an American legal drama produced by Jerry Bruckheimer that aired on Fox in the USA and CTV in Canada . The series also aired on Warner Channel in Latin America , Nine Network in Australia , and on TV2 In New Zealand .   It first was broadcast on Wednesdays at 9:00 but , due to low ratings , it was rescheduled to Mondays at 9:00 , in the hope viewers of the hit series Prison Break would stay tuned . On November 13 , 2006 , the show was put on hiatus , but two days later the network announced it was shifting it to Fridays at 8:00 to replace the canceled Vanished .   Fourteen episodes of the series were ordered , of which 13 episodes were produced . Twelve of the episodes of Justice have aired in the United States with the final episode airing in Mexico , the UK and Germany .

neg: Joe Quesada Joseph `` Joe '' Quesada ( -LSB- kəˈsɑːdə -RSB- born January 12 , 1962 ) is an American comic book editor , writer and artist . He became known in the 1990s for his work on various Valiant Comics books , such as Ninjak and Solar , Man of the Atom . He later worked on numerous books for DC Comics and Marvel Comics , such as Batman : Sword of Azrael and X-Factor , before forming his own company , Event Comics , where he published his creator-owned character , Ash .   In 1998 he became an editor of Marvel Comics ' Marvel Knights line , before becoming editor-in-chief of the company in 2000 . He was named Chief Creative Officer of Marvel Entertainment in 2010 and left his editor-in-chief role in January 2011 , being replaced by Axel Alonso . He was , at his retirement , the longest-serving Marvel editor-in-chief other than Stan Lee .

neg: List of Justice Society members The Justice Society of America is a team of comic book superheroes published by DC Comics .   JSA members are listed here only once - in order of their first joining the team . Retconned members are listed only where they historically took part in the stories . Only official members are listed . No unofficial , reserves or honorary members .   Characters in bold are currently active JSA members .   Note : In the wake of DC Comics ' Flashpoint event , the history of the JSA has been rebooted . A new version of the team appears in the series Earth-2 . Characters ' last known status is listed below .

neg: Ron Marz Ron Marz ( born 17 November 1965 ) is an American comic book writer , known for his work on titles such as Batman/Aliens , DC vs. Marvel , Green Lantern , Silver Surfer , and Witchblade .

neg: Superman: World of New Krypton Superman : World of New Krypton is a twelve-issue American comic book limited series produced by DC Comics . It is written by the team of James Robinson and Greg Rucka , who at the time of this publication are the current writers of the Superman and Action Comics titles , and illustrated by artist Pete Woods .   World of New Krypton takes place after the crossover Superman : New Krypton , in which approximately 100,000 Kryptonians and their city of Kandor are saved by Superman from the alien Brainiac and restored to existence . After spending time on Earth , the Kryptonians raise the city into space where they form the planet New Krypton in Earth 's solar system .

neg: Mercy (Vertigo) Mercy ( 1993 ) is an American graphic novel , written by J. M. DeMatteis and illustrated by Paul Johnson , published by DC Comics ' Vertigo imprint .  It tells the tale of bitter , cynical Joshua Rose . While in a coma after a stroke , he finds himself drifting through states of Limbo . There he witnesses the personification of Mercy battling many of the personal demons and afflictions of mankind , including himself . Despite his initial hostility toward her , he finally comes to accept and appreciate her qualities .

neg: Justice League of Earth Justice League of Earth are fictional characters , a supervillain team of the 31st Century in the DC Comics universe . They were created by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank and first appeared in Action Comics # 859 ( January , 2008 ) as enemies of the Legion of Super-Heroes .

neg: Gotham Central Gotham Central is a police procedural comic-book series that was published by DC Comics . It was written by Ed Brubaker and Greg Rucka , with pencils initially by Michael Lark . The story focused on the Gotham City Police Department and the difficulties of its officers living and working in Gotham City , home of Batman .

neg: Batman: Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader? `` Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader ? '' is a 2009 story featuring the DC Comics character Batman . The story is published in two parts , in the `` final '' issues of the series Batman ( # 686 ) and Detective Comics ( # 853 ) , released February and April respectively . Written by Neil Gaiman , pencilled by Andy Kubert , and inked by Scott Williams , the story is purported to be the `` last '' Batman story in the wake of severe psychological trauma that Batman endures within the Batman R.I.P. story , and his ultimate fate in Final Crisis .   The story 's title is a reference to the backup stories published in DC Comics Presents from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s ( which revisited various long-unused Golden Age and Silver Age characters ; these stories were all titled `` Whatever Happened to ( x ) ? '' ) akin to writer Alan Moore 's `` last '' Superman story Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow ? .

neg: All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman .   The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' .   The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint .   Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' .   With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .

neg: Donald Justice Donald Justice ( August 12 , 1925 -- August 6 , 2004 ) was an American poet and teacher of writing . In summing up Justice 's career David Orr wrote , `` In most ways , Justice was no different from any number of solid , quiet older writers devoted to traditional short poems . But he was different in one important sense : sometimes his poems were n't just good ; they were great . They were great in the way that Elizabeth Bishop 's poems were great , or Thom Gunn 's or Philip Larkin 's . They were great in the way that tells us what poetry used to be , and is , and will be . ''

neg: Titans/Young Justice: Graduation Day Titans/Young Justice : Graduation Day was a three-part comic book limited series published by DC Comics . It was written by Judd Winick and illustrated by Ale Garza ( pencils ) and Trevor Scott ( inks ) .