query: Howard Stern was the host of a nationally syndicated radio show.

pos: Howard Stern Howard Allan Stern ( born January 12 , 1954 ) is an American radio and television personality , producer , author , actor , and photographer . He is best known for his radio show The Howard Stern Show , which gained popularity when it was nationally syndicated on terrestrial radio from 1986 to 2005 . Stern has broadcast on Sirius XM Radio since 2006 . Stern first wished to be on the radio at five years of age . He landed his first radio jobs while at Boston University . From 1976 to 1982 , Stern developed his on-air personality through morning positions at WRNW in Briarcliff Manor , New York , WCCC in Hartford , Connecticut , WWWW in Detroit , Michigan , and WWDC in Washington , D.C. Stern worked afternoons at WNBC in New York City from 1982 until his firing in 1985 .   In 1985 , Stern began a 20-year run at WXRK in New York City ; his morning show entered syndication in 1986 and aired in 60 markets and attracted 20 million listeners at its peak . Stern won numerous industry awards , including Billboard 's Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year eight consecutive times , and is the first to have the number one morning show in New York City and Los Angeles simultaneously . He became the most fined radio host when the Federal Communications Commission issued fines totaling $ 2.5 million to station owners for content it deemed indecent . Stern became one of the highest paid radio figures after signing a five-year deal with Sirius in 2004 worth $ 500 million . In recent years , Stern 's photography has been featured in Hamptons and WHIRL magazines . From 2012 to 2015 , he served as a judge on America 's Got Talent .   Stern has described himself as `` King of All Media '' since 1992 for his successes outside radio . He hosted and produced numerous late night television shows , pay-per-view events and home videos . His two books , Private Parts ( 1993 ) and Miss America ( 1995 ) , entered The New York Times Best Seller list at number one and sold over one million copies . The former was made into a biographical comedy film in 1997 that had Stern and his radio show staff star as themselves . It topped the US box office in its opening week and grossed $ 41.2 million domestically . Stern performs on its soundtrack which charted the Billboard 200 at number one and was certified platinum for one million copies sold . In 2012 , Stern was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame .

neg: Radio personality A radio personality ( American English ) or radio presenter ( British English ) , commonly referred to as a `` Disc Jockey '' or `` DJ '' for short , is a person who has an on-air position in radio broadcasting . A radio personality that hosts a radio show is also known as a radio host , and in India and Pakistan as a radio jockey . Radio personalities who introduce and play individual selections of recorded music are known as disc jockeys . The term has evolved to also describe a person who mixes a continuous flow of recorded music in real time . Broadcast radio personalities may include talk radio hosts , AM/FM radio show hosts , and satellite radio program hosts . Notable radio personalities include pop music radio hosts Martin Block , Alan Freed , Dick Clark , Delilah Luke , Wolfman Jack , and Casey Kasem , shock jocks such as Don Imus and Howard Stern , also Ameen Sayani of India , as well as sports talk hosts such as Mike Francesa and political talk hosts such as Rush Limbaugh .

neg: The Lawrence Welk Show The Lawrence Welk Show is an American televised musical variety show hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk . The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years , from 1951 to 1955 , then nationally for another 27 years on ABC from 1955 to 1971 , and in first-run syndication from 1971 to 1982 .  Repeat episodes are broadcast in the United States by Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) stations . These airings incorporate an original program -- usually , a color broadcast from 1965 through 1982 -- in its entirety . In place of the commercials , newer performance and interview clips from the original stars and/or a family member of the performers are included ; these clips are occasionally updated .

neg: Rover's Morning Glory Rover 's Morning Glory is a syndicated hot talk morning radio show originating from Cleveland rock station WMMS ( 100.7 FM ) . Hosted by radio personality Rover ( Shane French ) , the show first began at cross-town rival WXTM ( 92.3 FM ) in 2003 , quickly becoming one of the top-rated shows in the Cleveland radio market . The show briefly moved to Chicago in 2006 to serve as a regional replacement for The Howard Stern Show , mostly in Midwestern markets , following Stern 's move to Sirius Satellite Radio . Since the move to WMMS in 2008 , the show has been syndicated by iHeartMedia . Rover 's Morning Glory is under contract to air on WMMS through 2017 .

neg: Elliot in the Morning Elliot in the Morning is a morning radio talk show hosted by DJ Elliot Segal . It airs weekdays from `` 5:48 until 10-something '' on WWDC-FM in the Washington , D.C. metropolitan area , WRXL in Richmond , Virginia and on WBWZ in the Hudson Valley of New York . The program was simulcast on WOSC in Ocean City , Maryland from 2003 to 2004 and on WCHH in Baltimore , Maryland from May 2008 to November 2009 . Beginning in January 2014 , the show was briefly simulcast on WOR-AM , while continuing to simulcast on the DC and Richmond stations , with the show originally planning to leave the DC101 studios in January 2014 . However , after citing that `` significant changes '' would be needed for the show to succeed in NYC , it was announced that the show would no longer be carried on WOR-AM .   The format covers a broad spectrum of topics , ranging from in-person or telephone interviews with well-known celebrities , to gross-out stunts involving much of the show 's supporting cast . The show has regular telephone interviews with Patricia Murphy ( from The Daily Beast ) , Mark Steines ( from Entertainment Tonight ) during sweeps and Brandon Noble ( former NFL player ) during football season .   As of 2005 , Elliot in the Morning had been the cause of the fifth largest amount of Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) fines since 1970 , with $ 302,500 worth of fines leveled at the show . As a result , while the show still frequently involves euphemistic mentions of sexual topics , it is broadcast with a short tape delay , and is occasionally `` dumped '' to canned music for profanity .

neg: Mike Gallagher (political commentator) Mike Gallagher is an American radio host and conservative political commentator . He is the host of The Mike Gallagher Show , a nationally syndicated radio program that airs throughout the United States on Salem Radio Network and is also a FOX News Channel Contributor and guest host . According to Talkers magazine , Gallagher is the sixth most-listened-to radio talk show host in the United States .

neg: Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast .   In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run .   Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy .   Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes .   It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle .   Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .

neg: Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series .   The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense .   Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 .   In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .

neg: The Dan & Scott Show The Dan & Scott Show was an uncensored comedy program named for its hosts , Dan Schulz and Scott Wirkus . The show is credited as pioneering internet radio , with its uncensored comedy format that is now more commonplace both online and in satellite radio formats such as XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio .   The show was first made available as downloadable audio , an early form of podcasting , on AOL in 1995 . It debuted as a live streaming audio format on April 1 , 1996 first via Audionet.com AKA Broadcast.com . Throughout the show 's five-year run , it moved from between several streaming providers such as Audionet , Audioactive , Talkspot.com , Radio HTB , and finally Eyada.com . They had the show on radiofun.com for a number of years as well .   The show was one of the few kept by Eyada in their restructuring attempts but in the end both the Dan and Scott show and Eyada failed to survive the tail end of the dot com crash of 2000-2001 due to Eyada 's financial troubles .   The show first received national attention when Rick Rockwell , the bachelor from Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire ? appeared on the show making a plea for contestants . The show also received attention for the weekly Survivor predictions from regular show caller `` Jesus '' .   After trying to find another site to broadcast the show , it became apparent that the dot com crash had killed all the viable streamed radio sites on the market . After trying to work deals with many networks outside the streaming world in 2001 -- 2002 they had a meeting with HBO . But HBO wanted a sanitized version of the show ; Dan and Scott submitted a censored demo that exists but felt they just could n't do the show HBO wanted .  Then it was XM and Sirius to also ask for a clean version of the show , it did not come to fruition there .  Big supporter of the show and Eyada owner Bob Meyrowitz offered them a chance for a nationally syndicated morning radio show . Bob 's big plan was for them to take on Howard Stern .  Ultimately though , Scott and Dan decided to stop doing the show ; they announced it was going on hiatus on August 24 , 2002 .

neg: The Ipana Troubadors The Ipana Troubadors ( aka The Ipana Troubadours ) was a musical variety radio program which began in New York on WEAF in 1923 . In actuality , the Troubadors were the Sam Lanin Orchestra . They opened the show with their theme , `` Smiles . ''   The show was sponsored by Bristol Myers ' Ipana Toothpaste , and it was during this period that Bristol Myers introduced the slogan , `` Ipana for the Smile of Beauty ; Sal Hepatica for the Smile of Health . ''   With a mix of hot swing music and novelty tunes , the show moved from WEAF to the NBC Red Network ( 1926-28 ) for a 30-minute series on Wednesday evenings at 9pm . It then aired on the Blue Network ( 1929-31 ) Mondays at 8:30 pm . Network radio exposure made the Ipana Troubadors one of the most well-known dance bands of the 1920s , resulting in a recording contract with Columbia and bookings at dance halls , such as the Casino at Bemus Point , New York . However , the recording contract covered only the Ipana Troubadors , so Lanin continued to recording on other labels under his own name and a variety of pseudonyms .   With title changes , the show continued on the Red Network ( 1933-34 ) , Wednesdays at 9pm . Helen Hayes was a guest on the show of October 4 , 1933 , appearing in a scene with John Beal . In 1934 , The Ipana Troubadors merged with Fred Allen 's The Hour of Smiles .   Radio station policies in the early 1920s dictated that no commercial messages intrude on a program . However , once the program moved to NBC , the attitude toward advertising accelerated , as noted by Timothy D. Taylor in `` Music and Advertising in Early Radio '' :  Spot and national advertisements frequently had a tie-in , often simply a plain poster or print ad , and frequently more . A brochure about Ipana Toothpaste produced by NBC in 1928 included photos of the tie-ins that Ipana provided to customers who wrote in : a Magic Radio Time Table pad , so that listeners could write down their favorite programs ; a bridge score card ; a photo of the Ipana Troubadors , the program 's resident musicians ; a card with a paean to the smile . All of these items had the Ipana name prominently displayed . Then there was the tie-in material made available to dealers : posters , brochures , a `` radio applause card '' that listeners could take to send in comments on the program , and more ( National Broadcasting Company , Improving the Smiles of a Nation ! ) .   Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey were heard on the show during the 1920s , along with Red Nichols and others . Musicians during the 1930s included Jack Teagarden and Joe Venuti , with vocalists Chick Bullock and Dick Robertson . Another guest was vaudeville headliner Marion Harris , billed by NBC as `` The Little Girl with the Big Voice . ''

neg: Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .

neg: Dish Nation Dish Nation is a nightly syndicated television program that features celebrity news and humorous commentary on pop culture presented by radio personalities from across the United States . It debuted in July 2011 on Fox Television Stations .

neg: The Twilight Zone (radio series) The Twilight Zone `` Radio Dramas '' is a nationally syndicated radio series featuring adaptations of the classic television series The Twilight Zone , launched in October 2002 .

neg: The Colgate Sports Newsreel The Colgate Sports Newsreel was a radio program focusing on sports . It has been called `` one of the most successful and most listened-to shows in radio history '' and `` one of radio broadcasting 's most entertaining and engaging programs . '' However , much of the information reported as fact was actually fiction .   The program was first broadcast in October 1939 , on NBC Blue . Although Colgate dropped its sponsorship in June 1951 , the show continued on NBC as Bill Stern 's Sports Newsreel through September 1953 . It then switched to ABC , where it ran until June 1956 . During World War II , the Newsreel was among the programs that NBC rebroadcast by transcription to members of the United States armed forces stationed abroad .   Bill Stern , the star , made the program memorable with his enthusiastic , dramatized delivery . He was already both the narrator of MGM 's News of the Day newsreels , and a sports announcer . Thus , the format of this program came naturally .   For most of its run , the show was sponsored by Colgate brushless shave cream . The opening theme `` was sung in barbershop quartet style to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres '' and mentioned the sponsoring product prominently . Although the singing group was not named in the program , a news brief announcing the show 's launch in 1939 identified it as the Armchair Quartette . The theme 's lyrics varied a bit over the years , but the basic form was as follows :  Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man is on the air .  Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man with stories rare .  Take his advice and you 'll look keen .  You 'll get a shave that 's smooth and clean .  You 'll be a Colgate brushless fan .   From September 14 , 1953 , through December 10 , 1954 , Budweiser sponsored the program . Its final sponsor was Allstate , from December 13 , 1954 through June 22 , 1956 .

neg: Lynn Samuels Lynn Margaret Samuels ( September 2 , 1942 -- December 24 , 2011 ) was an American radio personality and blogger , based in New York City . She attended Bard College .   She began her radio career at WBAI in 1979 , where in addition to her on-air work , she was music director and an engineer and producer . Walter Sabo , in a tribute on the Alex Bennett program ( hosted by Richard Bey ) on December 27 , 2011 , stated that Lynn first worked for WOR on Saturdays from 4 -- 6 p.m. `` for quite some time '' .   Samuels was heard on WABC from 1987 until 1992 , 1993 until 1997 , and 1997 until 2002 , including two breaks in which she was fired and then rehired . Her third and final dismissal in 2002 was allegedly due to budget cuts .   Samuels was also a call-screener for Matt Drudge . In 2002 , she joined WLIE for a brief time before being hired by Sirius in 2003 .   From 2003 to 2011 , Samuels hosted The Lynn Samuels Show initially from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. on the weekends before being moved to the shift from 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. ET on the Sirius Satellite Radio channel SIRIUS Left . Early in 2011 , after SIRIUS Left was folded into Sirius XM Left , Sirius reduced her hours and she began a new weekend talk show on Sirius XM Stars from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays . She also made television appearances on FOX News , CNN , MSNBC , The Sally Jesse Raphael Show , Geraldo at Large and Politically Incorrect .

neg: Dick Whittington (DJ) `` Sweet '' Dick Whittington ( born 1934 ) is a long-time disc jockey in Los Angeles , who has also appeared as an actor in movies and on television .   Prior to his arrival in California , Whittington was a popular radio personality in the San Francisco Bay area at Oakland 's KROW ( 960 AM ) , where he hosted the Night Watchman overnight program , and , later , a weekday afternoon show , from 1955 to 1958 . In the fall of 1958 , he moved to KSFO ( 560 AM ) in San Francisco , as host of the 9 p.m. to midnight program . He began his stint in Los Angeles at KABC 790 AM , doing a one-hour talk show weekdays and a 3-hour Sunday talk show from 1965-69 .   His greatest fame in the Los Angeles market came after he moved in 1969 to the morning drive time slot at KGIL AM 1260 in the `` Sin Fernando Valley '' . For a brief time , he left KGIL to do the evening drive time slot at KFI AM 640 . He was briefly heard in the late 1980s on KIEV ( 870 AM ) and , for a few months in 1989 , was back at KABC AM .   Many people regard his broadcast style as being ahead of its time . Rather than the `` happy morning to you '' type of radio personality , he often spoke on the air about things that bothered him and foreshadowed the Howard Stern era of speaking your mind . At stations where he was still spinning records , he would many times interrupt a song midway through saying , `` I like it up to that point , then I get bored . ''   He was an ensemble member of the top-rated TV series Rowan And Martin 's Laugh-In ( 1968-69 season ) . One of Whittington 's notable film roles was as the disc jockey in the TV movie Duel , Steven Spielberg 's directorial debut . He can also be seen briefly as a ring announcer in Martin Scorsese 's Raging Bull .

neg: Talk Radio Network Talk Radio Network ( TRN ) is an independent radio producer and syndicator of news and talk radio programming headquartered in Central Point , Oregon . TRN consists of a number of associated companies , which have launched or re-built some of the United States ' highest ranked talk radio shows , including The Savage Nation , Coast to Coast AM , The Dr. Laura Program , and The Jerry Doyle Show . TRN was founded in 1993 and is managed by CEO Mark Masters .   In 2007 , Bear Stearns reported that TRN was the second-largest provider of nationally syndicated radio talk shows in the country , ahead of competitors ABC Radio and then-CBS-controlled Westwood One .   , TRN is engaged in a federal antitrust lawsuit against Cumulus Media and advertising package bundler Westwood One .

neg: Master Tape Theatre Master Tape Theatre is a radio show that broadcasts uncensored versions of The Howard Stern Show on Howard 101 on Sundays at 3:00 pm ( Eastern Time ) on Howard 101 . Each episode is presented as a moment in `` Howard history '' and is presented by the fictional British character , Sir Hardin Thicke , voiced by voice-over actor Mike Pollock . Although Sir Hardin Thicke has not been identified on the air , fan speculation about his voice talent included Fred Norris and Kevin Nealon .   The show is a production of `` The Tapes Team '' at SIRIUS , along with Stern Spotlight , Mammary Lane and The History of Howard Stern .

neg: Barry Gray (radio) Barry Gray ( born Bernard Yaroslaw ; July 2 , 1916 -- December 21 , 1996 ) was an American radio personality , often labeled as `` The father of Talk Radio '' .   Initially a disc jockey , Gray was working for New York 's WMCA radio station in 1945 when he , bored one evening with simply spinning music , decided to put the telephone receiver up to his microphone and share his conversation with the listening audience . The caller that evening just happened to be bandleader Woody Herman , one of the most popular celebrities of the day . This spontaneous live interview was such a hit with both his listeners as well as station bosses , that the talk radio format resulted . Gray subsequently began doing listener call-ins as well .   However , the technical aspects of early Cold War broadcasting were challenged by the live call-in , over-the air format . U.S. government restrictions and problematic consequences could not stop Gray 's talk show success in putting listeners on the air ... with or without WMCA and the government 's permission . His audience loved it , and grew exponentially .   Rival station WOR also saw the attraction of the talk format , and Gray worked an overnight shift there from 1945 to 1948 or 1949 , interviewing everyone from Al Jolson to Adam Clayton Powell , Jr. . He also broadcast for WMGM from the Copacabana night club in the late 1940s . In addition during 1947 he hosted the New York-based show Scout About Town for the Mutual Broadcasting System , during which he would present an Award of the Week to popular stars of the stage such as Mitzi Green and Morey Amsterdam .   Gray broadcast on WMIE AM radio from three Miami Beach nightclubs , the Copa Lounge , Danny and Doc 's Jewel Box and the Martha Ray Club nightly in the fall of 1948 and into 1949 before he left the Miami area under some pressure . Gray bopped someone from his audience with his microphone , and this happened on the air . The impact was audible and the impact had been preceded by hot words of anger . This report of recollection fifty-eight years later comes from Ernest W. Bennett of Miami , Florida , who listened to Gray 's broadcast every weeknight , beginning in Bennett 's sophomore year at the University of Miami in the fall of 1948 . Carl Warner , a retired newspaper publisher living in Clinton , Tennessee , was then the remote engineer for the Barry Gray Miami Beach broadcasts . He also recalls the bopping-mike incident . He remembers hearing a loud bang in his headphones and looking up to the Copa Lounge stage seeing the podium turned over and Barry signaling him to cut the mikes . After about 30 seconds of dead air , he asked for his mike to be turned on .   Bennett recalls that period , and recalls from memory other reports of Gray 's other pugnacious altercations , the final one , the audible one , was what apparently impelled Gray 's departure . Gray said himself as Bennett recalls the exciting live-broadcast event , `` I just hit the guy over the head with my microphone , folks . '' In this case the victim had been the aggressor toward Gray .   The so-called victim was Reubin Clein , publisher of Miami Life . Reubin Clein was considered an agitator and generally an aggressive character . He was a former boxer ; there were many in Miami who felt Clein should have been put in his place , but no one would ever mess with him because he was one of toughest people you would ever meet . Clein was always into Wild West characters and would often wear a cowboy hat , boots and would have a big wooly beard . A generally gentle person would not take crap from anyone and actually broke the mayor 's nose at a political rally .   According to Bennett , Gray was popular on Miami radio :  `` He was very big here ; number one , like Larry King is known today . Indeed , Larry King began his broadcasting career from a houseboat anchored in front of the Miami Beach Fountainbleau Hotel in 1957 . ''   Barry Gray returned to WMCA in 1950 , and stayed there for 39 years , refining the talk show format still utilized today . During the 1960s , he was in the odd position of having an 11 p.m.-1 a.m. late night talk show on a station otherwise dominated by Top 40 music and the youth-targeted `` Good Guys '' disc jockey campaign . But for teenagers who kept their radios on into the night , Gray 's show was a window into the high-brow New York culture of the 1940s and 1950s . Gray would often have authors on , and he made a point of saying he had actually read their books , something not all talk show hosts did . Gray also had a tendency towards risqué ( for the time ) topics , such as the novel nudity found in European films playing in art houses , or characteristics of the prostitution scene in Manhattan .   He was also known as a fierce critic of bigotry and survived the ugliness of McCarthyism and the Red Scare . A constant target of the blacklisting right-wing columnist Walter Winchell , who called him `` Borey Pink '' and `` a disk jerk '' in the 1950s , Barry was fearless in calling out those he found mired in hypocrisy and abusive in power . The Winchell feud seemed to haunt him , however ; years after Winchell had lost influence and become a recluse , Gray would still talk darkly on air about plots and physical attacks Winchell had orchestrated against him . Indeed , a 1995 biography of Winchell would report that he kept a photograph of a bloodied Gray on his walls .   After WMCA changed to an all-talk format in 1970 , Gray was again fully in his element . He never backed away from discussing hot topics in politics , especially those that affected New Yorkers . A 1973 profile described him as `` brash , abrasive -LSB- and -RSB- opinionated . -LSB- He -RSB- was the talk-show titan listeners love to hate , -LSB- and -RSB- is still going after more than a quarter of a century at the mike . '' Gray 's WMCA colleague Bob Grant ( radio host ) would later state that Gray was the first host who Grant heard endorsing political candidates during the Fairness Doctrine era . By the 1980s he had shifted from a late-night to a mid-day slot at the station .   Gray left WMCA in 1989 when it dropped its talk format , and went to work slightly up the dial for a return to WOR where he enjoyed national syndication . By the time of his death , his show was considered to be politically conservative .   Gray appeared as his disc jockey self in the 1949 short subject Spin That Splatter .  Gray also pioneered in early television , first as the host of The Barry Gray Show on New York WOR-TV when Channel 9 went on the air in 1949 , then more visibly as host of the first Goodson and Todman game show Winner Take All , replacing Bud Collyer in 1951 .   In 2002 , industry publication Talkers magazine selected Barry Gray as the eighth greatest radio talk show host of all time .

neg: SiriusXM Insight SiriusXM Insight is a 24/7 Sirius XM Radio channel dedicated to public radio programming .   Prior to January 2015 , the station was known as `` Sirius XM Public Radio '' , or SXMPR . Broadcasting in stereo , Sirius XM Public Radio was one of two talk channels on the Sirius XM platform which broadcasts two-channel audio -- the other being Opie Radio . Programming was provided through partnerships with American Public Media , Public Radio International , Boston 's WBUR , New York 's WNYC , George Washington University , and National Geographic , who own a chunk of time on the channel . XMPR also carries The PBS NewsHour . Despite being a channel for public radio programs , the channel did not carry any programming from the nation 's leading provider , National Public Radio ( NPR ) . The NPR network currently has an exclusivity contract with Sirius XM Radio , and airs some of their programming on Sirius Channel 122 ; although there were , previously , two NPR channels on Sirius .   In October 2006 , Public Radio International 's channel on Sirius XM Radio was dropped from the channel lineup . Shortly afterwards , SXMPR responded by adding several new PRI programs to its lineup , including The World , To the Point , To the Best of Our Knowledge , Le Show , and The Changing World . There is no word on whether money exchanged hands to make this deal occur , or if it was simply Sirius ' dissatisfaction in the channel and Sirius XM 's attempt to capitalize on the listener base .   Starting in March 2007 , SXMPR added several more programs from American Public Media , including popular programs A Prairie Home Companion and Marketplace , as well as The Story with Dick Gordon , Weekend America , Sound Opinions , and Performance Today Weekend . Following the Sirius-XM merger , Sirius XM Public Radio was added to Sirius on September 30 , 2008 , as part of its `` Best of XM '' package and broadcasts on channel 205 ( previously 196 ) . XM airs the channel on 121 ( it was on 133 ) . The name was then changed from `` XM Public Radio '' to `` Sirius XM Public Radio '' .   On January 12 , 2015 , Sirius XM Public Radio changed its name and format to `` SiriusXM Insight '' , an all-new , exclusive , groundbreaking news , information , and entertainment radio channel . While the new channel retains some of its Sirius XM Public Radio content such as Best of Car Talk and The Bob Edwards Show , the new channel format introduces new exclusive content .

neg: The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . )   The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation .   The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 .   A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM .   The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .


query: Wyoming is the eighth largest state in the country by area.

pos: Wyoming Wyoming -LSB- waɪˈoʊmɪŋ -RSB- is a state in the mountain region of the western United States . The state is the tenth largest by area , the least populous and the second least densely populated state in the country . Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana , on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska , on the south by Colorado , on the southwest by Utah , and on the west by Idaho . Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city in Wyoming , with a population estimate of 63,335 in 2015 . The state population was estimated at 586,107 in 2015 , which is less than the population of 31 of the largest U.S. cities .   The western two-thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the Rocky Mountains , while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains . Almost half of the land in Wyoming is owned by the U.S. government , leading Wyoming to rank sixth in the United States in total acres and fifth in percentage of a state 's land owned by the federal government . The federal lands include two national parksGrand Teton and Yellowstonetwo national recreation areas and two national monuments , as well as several national forests , historic sites , fish hatcheries , and wildlife refuges .   The Crow , Arapaho , Lakota , and Shoshone were some of the original inhabitants of the region . Southwestern Wyoming was included in the Spanish Empire and then Mexican territory until it was ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican -- American War . The region acquired the name Wyoming when a bill was introduced to Congress in 1865 to provide a `` temporary government for the territory of Wyoming . '' The territory was named after the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania , with the name ultimately being derived from the Munsee word xwé : wamənk , meaning `` at the big river flat . ''   The mineral-extraction industryespecially coal , oil , natural gas , and tronaalong with the travel and tourism sector , are the main drivers behind Wyoming 's economy . Agriculture has historically been an important component of the state economy with the main commodities being livestock ( beef ) , hay , sugar beets , grain ( wheat and barley ) , and wool . The climate is generally semi-arid and continental , being drier and windier in comparison to the rest of the United States , with greater temperature extremes .   Except for the 1964 election , Wyoming has been a politically conservative state since the 1950s , with the Republican party winning every presidential election .

neg: Frank L. Houx Frank Lee Houx ( December 12 , 1854 -- April 3 , 1941 ) was an American politician , who served as the tenth Governor of Wyoming .   Houx was born near Lexington , Missouri , the second of five children of George W. Houx and Fannie ( Price ) Houx . The elder Houx served in the Confederate States Army under General Sterling ( `` Old Pap '' ) Price , a distant cousin , and uncle of his wife . The future Governor grew up on his father 's farm .   Houx married Augusta Camp in 1875 , and sired two daughters and a son . ( The birth year of Frank Houx is variously listed as 1854 , 1859 , and 1860 ; given his 1875 marriage , 1854 is accepted . )   He took up the study of law , reading in the office of John S. Blackwell , of Lexington , Missouri . Houx did not complete his course , however , turning his attention to commercial interests . He graduated from Shaw 's Business College in Kansas City , Missouri in 1884 . The next year , he moved to Montana and went into the cattle business . In 1895 , he took up residence in Cody , Wyoming , where he went into politics .   On April 10 , 1898 , he was widowed . The next year , he remarried Ida Mason Christy , with whom he had one son and three daughters .   For a time , Houx was associated with Colonel William F. Cody ( `` Buffalo Bill '' ) , in the construction of the Cody canal and other projects .   In 1901 when the town of Cody was incorporated , he first sought office , becoming the town 's first Mayor . During his first term as Mayor , he also served as police judge from 1902 to 1903 . He was re-elected to a second mayoral term in 1905 . During the next four years , the town built a residence for him ; this two-story A-frame building still stands , and now serves as a bed and breakfast known as the `` Mayor 's Inn . ''   In 1910 , he became the first Democrat to be elected Secretary of State of Wyoming , an office to which he was re-elected in 1914 . When Governor John B. Kendrick resigned his office on February 26 , 1917 after being elected to the United States Senate , Houx became Acting Governor , and he served until the expiration of Kendrick 's term , leaving office on January 6 , 1919 .   During his service as governor during World War I , Houx mobilized the National Guard of Wyoming for federal service , appointed the Wyoming Council for National Defense , and nominated persons to administer the Selective Service draft . He was an advocate of prison reform and a proponent of Prohibition .   He sought election as governor in his own right in 1918 , but was defeated by Republican candidate Robert D. Carey . Houx then went into the oil refining business in Texas , but returned to Cody in 1935 . He died in the famous Irma Hotel in Cody in 1941 at the age of 86 , and was interred in Cody Cemetery . The autobiography he wrote in 1939 was published in serial form by the Cody Enterprise ( newspaper ) in the months following his death .

neg: Economy of Alaska The 2007 gross state product was $ 44.9 billion , 45th in the nation . Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $ 40,042 , ranking 15th in the nation . The state 's economy has been described by University of Alaska Anchorage economist Scott Goldsmith as a `` three-legged stool '' - with one leg being the petroleum and gas industry , the second leg being the federal government and the third leg being all other industries and services . Between 2004 and 2006 , the federal government was responsible for 135,000 Alaska jobs , the petroleum sector provided 110,000 jobs and all other industries and services combined for 122,000 jobs .   Alaska 's main export product after oil and natural gas is seafood , primarily salmon , cod , Pollock and crab .   Agriculture represents only a fraction of the Alaskan economy . Agricultural production is primarily for consumption within the state and includes nursery stock , dairy products , vegetables , and livestock . Manufacturing is limited , with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere .   Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction , shipping , and transportation . Military bases are a significant component of the economy in both Fairbanks and Anchorage . Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy , allowing the state to keep taxes low . Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum , natural gas , coal , gold , precious metals , zinc and other mining , seafood processing , timber and wood products . There is also a growing service and tourism sector . Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging .

neg: Wright, Wyoming Wright is a town in Campbell County , Wyoming , United States . The population was 1,807 at the 2010 census .

neg: Texas statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) .   Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including 8 combined statistical areas , 25 metropolitan statistical areas , and 43 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Texas . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 254 counties of Texas .  thumb | 600px | An enlargeable map of the 254 counties of the State of Texas  __ TOC __

neg: List of belt regions of the United States The belt regions of the United States are portions of the country that share certain characteristics . The `` belt '' terminology was first applied to growing regions for various crops , which often follow lines of latitude because those are more likely to have similar climates . The allusion was to a long clothing belt , as seen on a map .   The usage has expanded to other climatic , economic , and cultural concentrations . These regions are not formally defined ; they frequently overlap and have vague borders . The terminology is also used outside the U.S. ( e.g. , India 's Hindi Belt ) .

neg: Demographics of Alaska As of 2005 , Alaska has an estimated population of 663,661 , which is an increase of 5,906 , or 0.9 % , from the prior year and an increase of 36,730 , or 5.9 % , since the year 2000 . This includes a natural increase since the last census of 36,590 people ( 53,132 births minus 16,542 deaths ) , and an increase due to net migration of 1,181 people into the state . Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 5,800 people , and migration within the country produced a net loss of 4,619 people . More than half of the state 's population lives in Anchorage , Juneau and Fairbanks , with two-fifths in Anchorage alone . As of 1 January 2012 Alaska had a population of 731,449 , and its 2017 population is estimated at 739,818 .   With a population of 710,231 , according to the 2010 U.S. census , Alaska is the 48th most populous and least densely populated state .   For purposes of the federal census , the state is divided into artificial divisions defined geographically by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only .   The center of population of Alaska is located approximately 64.37 km east of Anchorage at 61.399882 N. latitude , -148.873973 W. longitude . In 2006 , Alaska had a larger percentage of tobacco smokers than the national average , with 24 % of Alaskan adults smoking .

neg: Illinois Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics .   Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River .   With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails .   Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking .   After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods .   By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures .   Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .

neg: Area code 307 North American Area code 307 is the area code that serves the entire U.S. state of Wyoming . It is one of the original area codes created in 1947 .   Because it is sparsely populated , Wyoming is one of only 12 states ( as of 2012 ) to only have one area code . Under current projections , it will likely stay that way until beyond 2040 .

neg: Georgia statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) .   Most recently on February 28 , 2013 the Office of Management and Budget defined 1,098 statistical areas for the United States , including 8 combined statistical areas , 15 metropolitan statistical areas , and 23 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Georgia . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 159 counties of the State of Georgia .  thumb | 600px | An enlargeable map of the 159 counties of the State of Georgia  __ TOC __

neg: High Desert (Oregon) The Oregon high desert is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon , located east of the Cascade Range and south of the Blue Mountains , in the central and eastern parts of the state . Divided into a southern region and a northern region , the desert covers most of five Oregon counties and averages 4000 ft above sea level . The southwest region is part of the Great Basin and the southeast is the lower Owyhee River watershed . The northern region is part of the Columbia Plateau , where somewhat more rainfall allows the largest industry on private land to be the cultivation of alfalfa and hay . Public land within the region is owned primarily by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) , which manages more than 30000 mi2 , including five rivers designated as Wild and Scenic .   While the high desert is somewhat dry , it is only arid relative to Western Oregon . The region averages 15 in of annual rainfall ; the Alvord Desert , however , gets only 7 in of rain each year . Contrary to its name , most of the high desert is not dry enough to truly qualify as desert , and biologically , most of the region is classified as scrubland or steppe .   At 9733 ft above sea level , the summit of Steens Mountain is the highest point in the high desert . The broad fault-block mountain is characteristic of the basin and range plate tectonics of the high desert . About 16 million years ago , during the early Miocene epoch , lava flows from volcanic eruptions covered about half the surface area of Oregon . The Earth 's crust then began stretching , giving way to further volcanic activity from 15 million to 2 million years ago . Several ice ages over this time formed the large lakes in the high desert .   The climate of the high desert provides habitat for mammals such as pronghorn , coyote , mule deer , black-tailed jackrabbit , and cougar . Birds common in the region include sage grouse , California quail , and prairie falcon . The western juniper is the most common tree in the region , and big sagebrush and common woolly sunflower are the region 's most widespread plants .

neg: Outline of Wyoming territorial evolution thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States after the Treaty of Paris in 1789  thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803  thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States after the Adams-Onís Treaty took effect in 1821  thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States after the Oregon Treaty of 1846  thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848  thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States after the Compromise of 1850  thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States after the Wyoming Organic Act in 1868  thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States after Wyoming Statehood in 1890  thumb | 240px | An enlargeable map of the United States as it has been since 1959  The following outline traces the territorial evolution of the U.S. State of Wyoming .

neg: Arizona census statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) .   Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including six metropolitan statistical areas and four micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Arizona . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 15 counties of Arizona .  thumb | right | 468px | An enlargeable map of the 15 counties of the State of Arizona  __ TOC __

neg: Homa Hills, Wyoming Homa Hills is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Natrona County , Wyoming , United States . It is part of the Casper , Wyoming Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 278 at the 2010 census .

neg: List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem) The main stems of 38 rivers in the United States are at least 500 mi long . The main stem is `` the primary downstream segment of a river , as contrasted to its tributaries '' . The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) defines a main-stem segment by listing coordinates for its two end points , called the source and the mouth . Well-known rivers like the Atchafalaya , Willamette , and Susquehanna are not included in this list because their main stems are shorter than 500 miles .   Seven rivers in this list cross or form international boundaries . Two -- the Yukon and Columbia rivers -- begin in Canada and flow into the United States . Three -- the Milk and Saint Lawrence rivers and the Red River of the North -- begin in the United States and flow into Canada . Of these , only the Milk River crosses the international border twice , leaving and then re-entering the United States . Two rivers , the Colorado and the Rio Grande , begin in the United States and flow into or form a border with Mexico . In addition , the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers extend into Canada , and the basin of the Gila River extends into Mexico .   Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision . Biologist and author Ruth Patrick , describing a table of high-discharge U.S. rivers , wrote that data on discharge , drainage area , and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted . `` It seems , '' she said , `` that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers , and not to place too much importance on minor ( 10 -- 20 % ) differences in figures . ''

neg: Jacobs Ranch Jacobs Ranch is a large open-pit coal mine located 15 miles southwest of Wright , Wyoming in the coal-rich Powder River Basin . In 2007 , the mine produced 38.1 million short tons of coal , making it the fourth-largest coal mine by production in the United States .

neg: National Landscape Conservation System The National Landscape Conservation System ( now known as the National Conservation Lands ) is a 35 e6acre collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West . These lands represent 10 % of the 258 e6acre managed by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) . The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40 % of all the federal public land in the nation . The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service ( USFS ) , National Park Service ( NPS ) , and the US Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS ) .   Over the years , the Bureau of Land Management has had to adjust its approach to public land management to fit the changing needs of the nation . The BLM historically has managed lands under its jurisdiction for extractive uses , such as mining , logging , grazing , and oil and gas production . In 1983 , Congress acknowledged the value of watersheds , wildlife habitat , recreation , scenery , scientific exploration and other non-extractive uses with the designation of the first BLM-managed wilderness area -- the Bear Trap Canyon unit of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness in Montana . In 1996 , President Clinton underscored non-extractive priorities on BLM lands when he established the first national monument to be administered by the BLM -- the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah . With this and several similar designations , a new focus emerged that would become part of how the agency looks at the land it manages : the protection of special areas where conservation and restoration of the landscape and its biological or cultural resources is the overriding objective .   The Bureau of Land Management 's National Landscape Conservation System , better known as the National Conservation Lands , was created in 2000 with the mission to `` conserve , protect , and restore these nationally significant landscapes that have outstanding cultural , ecological , and scientific values for the benefit of current and future generations . ''   There are ten different federal conservation designations for the units that make up the National Conservation Lands :   National Monument  National Conservation Area  Wilderness Area  Wilderness Study Area  National Wild and Scenic River  National Scenic Trail  National Historic Trail  Cooperative Management and Protection Area  Forest Reserve  Outstanding Natural Area   The Conservation System was created in 2000 , but without Congressional authorization , there was no guarantee that the System would be permanent . The National Landscape Conservation System Act was signed into law in March 2009 . The Act permanently unified the individual units as a public lands System , protecting the System in law so that it would no longer exist at the pleasure of each president . This marked the first new congressionally authorized public lands system in decades .   The Conservation System act was included in the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 , which also added 1200000 acre of new designations to the System , including a National Monument , three National Conservation Areas , Wilderness , Wild and Scenic Rivers and National Scenic Trails .

neg: Seal of Nevada The Great Seal of the State of Nevada is derived from the Seal of the Territory of Nevada . As Nevada prepared for statehood in 1864 , its Constitutional Convention began to formalize the features of the state 's official seel . Nevada was admitted as a state on October 31 , 1864 by proclamation of President Abraham Lincoln . On February 24 , 1866 , the motto `` Volens et Potens '' ( `` Willing and Able '' ) was replaced by `` All for Our Country '' . The design of the seal was formalized , and Nevada 's mineral resources are featured with a silver miner and his team moving a carload of ore from a mountain in the foreground . A quartz mill stands before another mountain . Transportation and communication are symbolized by a train steaming across the background , with telegraph poles spanning the distance . Agriculture is represented by a sheaf of wheat , a sickle , and a plow in the foreground . Nevada 's natural environment is symbolized by a brilliant sun rising over snow-capped peaks . The inner circle of the seal carries the motto `` All for Our Country '' , and Nevada 's entry into the Union as the 36th state is shown with 36 stars completing the inner ring . The perimeter of the seal proclaims `` The Great Seal of the State of Nevada '' . Mark Twain was said to have convinced the designer to make the two trails of smoke blow in opposite directions as a prank , which was later rectified when the mistake was realized .

neg: Gannett Peak Gannett Peak is the highest peak in the U.S. state of Wyoming and straddles the boundary between Fremont and Sublette Counties along the Continental Divide .

neg: South Dakota South Dakota ( -LSB- saʊθ_dəˈkoʊtə -RSB- -LSB- -LSB- ˌsɑʊθ dəˈko̞ɾə -RSB- -RSB- ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States . It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes , who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory . South Dakota is the 17th most expansive , but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States . Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory , South Dakota became a state on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with North Dakota . Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 171,000 , is South Dakota 's largest city .   South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota ( on the north ) , Minnesota ( to the east ) , Iowa ( to the southeast ) , Nebraska ( on the south ) , Wyoming ( on the west ) , and Montana ( to the northwest ) . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves , known to residents as `` East River '' and `` West River '' . Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state 's population , and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops . West of the Missouri , ranching is the predominant agricultural activity , and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending . Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux , are located in the southwest part of the state . Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination , is located there . South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west . The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome .   Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia , with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century . In the late 19th century , European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east . Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 . Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense , and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming .   While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level , the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle , South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents . South Dakota 's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state .

neg: List of Wyoming state symbols The following is a list of symbols of the U.S. state of Wyoming .


query: Furia is modeled from a short story.

pos: Furia (film) Furia is a 1999 French romantic drama film directed by Alexandre Aja , who co-wrote screenplay with Grégory Levasseur , adapted from the science fiction short story `` Graffiti '' by Julio Cortázar . It stars Stanislas Merhar and Marion Cotillard .

neg: Vault of the Beast `` Vault of the Beast '' is a science fiction short story by A. E. van Vogt .

neg: La Lupa (story) La Lupa is a novella by Sicilian writer Giovanni Verga . It was published as part of a collection of short stories , Vita dei Campi ( Rural Life ) in 1880 .   Category : Novellas

neg: Artesia (comics) Artesia is an epic fantasy comic book series authored and illustrated by American artist Mark Smylie . Artesia is also the name of the heroine of the cycle . Smylie has described her as a `` Pagan Joan of Arc '' , to use a popular reference , while noting that the closest historical model is the Irish Queen Medb . Themes in the series include feudal politics , intrigue , and power struggles , complex mythology and world history , and strong female characters .   Currently the series is composed of four `` books '' : Artesia , Artesia Afield , Artesia Afire and Artesia Besieged . Each book is composed of six episodes , or fairly American standard comic book-sized episodes . Each book has been followed by an annual compendium including short stories and details of the history , geography and mythology of Artesia 's universe . The books together constitute part of a cycle called The Book of Dooms . Smylie has said that it would take 22 books to tell Artesia 's story in full , but that at least 7 will be completed `` hell or high water '' .   Artesia '' 's first two books were published by Sirius Entertainment . After that point it was published by Archaia Studios Press , which was founded by Smylie .   In 2005 , a role-playing game set in the world of Artesia was released . It uses the Fuzion role-playing system , and is called Artesia : Adventures in the Known World '' .

neg: Furlana The furlana ( also spelled furlane , forlane , friulana , forlana ) is an Italian folk dance from the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia . In Friulian , furlane means Friulian , in this case Friulian Dance . In Friuli there has been a Slav minority since the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps , and the furlana may well have originated as a Slavonic dance . It dates at least to 1583 , when a `` ballo furlano '' called L'arboscello was published in Pierre Phalèse the Younger 's Chorearum molliorum collectanea and in Jakob Paix 's organ tablature book , though its chief popularity extended from the late 1690s to about 1750 . It is particularly associated with Venice because , at the time of its popularity , Friuli was a part of the Republic of Venice .   The furlana is a fast dance , in duple-time 6/8 , though one exceptional example proves to be in quintuple meter , underlining the Slavonic associations also suggested by its title , Polesana , which in Italian can mean `` a woman from Pola '' ( a city in Istria , neighbouring Friuli and a part of Italy until 1947 ) , or may be from the Croatian word `` polesa '' , meaning `` rural '' , or `` from the back woods '' . Originally the furlana was a courtship dance , performed by a couple . It was introduced to France by André Campra in 1697 ( in L'Europe galante ) and 1699 ( in Le carnaval de Venise , in which the first of two furlanas serves as a dance entry for a troupe of Slavs , Armenians , and Gypsies ) , and it quickly became a popular theatre and social dance there .   Pietro Paolo Melii ( active first quarter of the 17th century ) included a `` Furlain volta alla Francese detta la Schapigliata '' in his Intavolatura di Liuto attiorbato , e di Tiorba . Libro Quinto ( Venice , 1620 ) . The piece is written almost entirely in running eighths , and , as so many of Melii 's pieces , makes considerable use of syncopation . François Couperin closed the fourth of his Concerts royaux with a forlane . Johann Sebastian Bach incorporated a forlane in his first orchestral suite . Maurice Ravel recalled the baroque usage in his piano suite Le Tombeau de Couperin , though his Forlane is a rather plaintive piece in moderate time . Another forlane occurs at the end of Ernest Chausson 's piano suite Quelques Danses ( Some Dances ) -- this one far livelier and featuring an alternation between triple and sextuple rhythms . The fourth movement of Gerald Finzi 's Five Bagatelles ( Op. 23 ) is a forlana as is the fourth movement of Richard Harvey 's Concerto Antico for guitar and orchestra .

neg: Letter from an Unknown Woman Letter from an Unknown Woman ( Brief einer Unbekannten ) is a novella by Stefan Zweig . Published in 1922 , it tells the story of an author who , while reading a letter written by a woman he does not remember , gets glimpses into her life story .

neg: Thing of Beauty (short story) `` Thing of Beauty '' is a science fiction short story written by Damon Knight . It first appeared in the September 1958 issue of Galaxy magazine and has been reprinted three times , in Far Out ( 1961 ) , The Sixth Galaxy Reader ( 1962 ) , and The Best of Damon Knight ( 1976 ) .

neg: Future Lovers (manga) is a yaoi manga series by Saika Kunieda . The first volume was published in Japan under the Japanese title '' 未来の記憶 '' in 2002 by Biblos . The second volume was published in Japan under the Japanese title in 2004 by Biblos . Libre Shuppan reprinted both volumes into one complete collected volume titled in 2008 . Aurora Publishing licensed the series for an English language release in North America in 2008 . Aurora released both volumes under their yaoi manga imprint `` Deux Press '' as a two volume series under the title Future Lovers . The first volume was published in September 2008 , and the second volume was published in March 2009 . The English release contains an unrelated story by the same author , Winter Rabbit .

neg: Willa (short story) `` Willa '' is a short story by American writer Stephen King , originally published in the December 2006 issue of Playboy magazine .   The story is also included as the first entry in King 's 2008 short-fiction collection Just After Sunset . In the endnotes in the collection called `` Sunset Notes '' , King writes of this story : `` This probably is n't the best story in the book , but I love it very much , because it ushered in a new period of creativity for me -- as regards the short story , at least . Most of the stories in Just After Sunset were written subsequent to ` Willa ' , and in fairly quick succession ( over a period of not quite two years ) . ''

neg: A Literary Nightmare `` A Literary Nightmare '' is a short story written by Mark Twain in 1876 . The story is about Twain 's encounter with an earworm , or virus-like jingle , and how it occupies his mind for several days until he manages to `` infect '' another person , thus removing the jingle from his mind . The story was also later published under the name `` Punch , Brothers , Punch ! ''

neg: Mars: The Home Front `` Mars : The Home Front '' is a short story by George Alec Effinger , published in War of the Worlds : Global Dispatches . It is a crossover between H. G. Wells ' The War of the Worlds and Edgar Rice Burroughs ' Barsoom series .

neg: Tinta Invisible Tinta Invisible is a romantic verse story written by Nicaraguan poet Max L. Lacayo . This poetry book was published in Managua , Nicaragua , in October 2010 by the Esquipulas Publishing house .   Composition   The book is composed of 22 parts , the majority of which are subdivided into 2 or 3 sections .   Literary technique   In Tinta Invisible the poet/narrator uses a poetic technique that resorts to a narrative tone , to a very innovative space and rhythm . This invites the reader to become familiar with the work , to fuse itself in it and to maintain the interest until the end . The author tries to attract the interest of potential poetry lovers and to promote the almost lost interest for this literary genre .  In its totality , the story is narrated in verses . As a peculiar thing , the parts and the sections of the story have their own life , constituting something complete on their own . There we see poems within poems and stories within the story .   Historical context   Tinta Invisible 's story takes place in the first decade of the 21st century , in a historical frame recognizable by the vertiginous height of the social networks . Those places in the Internet whose reality is undeniable since they exist for the human encounter and the social interaction and in them the individual finds popularity , social integration , education , and bonds of affection and business .   Characters   Diana , poet/muse and the poet/narrator , who reencountered by accident in the social networks of the indomitable virtual world . The development of that friendship is initiated with an interchange of memories that takes them by splendid literary courses and it drags them to a sweeping romance . They are the protagonists of an evocative story of poetry , coincidences and love .   Genesis of the story   The writing of this work took place between October 2009 and June 2010 , to be published in July of the same year . Having published two works in English in 2009 , not separated of that creative current , the author initiated this work inspired by his new participation in the social networks . It is there where Lacayo is inspired , sometimes outside reality , to catch with invisible ink the provocation of the cybernetic dreams .   Interpretation   Tinta Invisible is a romantic story that takes place in its own virtual world . Philosophically , there is an influence of platonic conception in this work . Literarily , we find reminiscences of Pedro Calderon de la Barca . And as far as the time of this idyllic story , we experience the 21st century in its entire splendor . Thus , these verses thread a story that the readers will appreciate like something immanent .   Contribution and originality   In her prologue to Tinta Invisible the writer and journalist Maria Lourdes Pallais indicates what she considers the great contribution of this innovating work : The exquisite balance that it achieves between several worlds .   Pallais explains it : as well as the author of the Great Theater of the World reflected in his work the magnificent but also contradictory 17th century , the most complicated of Spanish history , Lacayo introduces , and places the reader , in this new world of the social networks , the quickest and most untamed until now , where there are no countries , much less borders . Where everything can be what is , or the other way around , or quite the opposite . Where the fantasy , within a certain basic protocol of communication , is the common denominator of the human relations .   According to Pallais , Lacayo achieves a memorable narrative concert between the Calderonian classic story , the modern poetry shades of Rubén Darío , the colors Matisse style , and the postmodern context of the social networks , the new bars of the 21st century .   Poet Blanca Castellón expresses his appreciation for this work in this fashion : `` Max L. Lacayo interlaces verse and prose and leads us in loving passage , by the footpath where the intense sensuality shines , refreshing and vital . The same inexplicable magic that ignites the dawns . ''   Poet Ariel Montoya indicates : `` Max L. Lacayo in his poetic narrative of Tinta Invisible explores the route of the affectionate current of the human feeling and let us clearly see that poetry and the search for the amorous encounter , as virtual bonds , only come to reinforce our romantic reality . ''   The most outstanding Nicaraguan newspapers have announced the publication of Tinta Invisible . La Prensa Literaria dedicated a whole page to part I of the book . El Nuevo Diario and Bolsa de Noticias , gave account of the release of this work .   About the author   Max L. Lacayo was born in Managua , Nicaragua . Nicaragua is a country with a passion for literature in general and for poetry in particular . He emigrated to the United States in 1979 as a political refugee . Lacayo was educated in New Orleans , where he obtained a postgraduate in Economics . He has experience in the oil industry , teaching and writing . And he has a passion for the arts and politics . Since very young he cultivated Literature , among others disciplines . At 14 , he founded the scholastic magazine El Heraldo Juvenil , and was named director of the magazine of the Literary Academy Alfonso Cortés in the Instituto Pedagógico de Managua . Periodically he writes opinion articles in Nicaraguan newspapers and in the 80s he wrote some articles in the Times Picayune in New Orleans . He worked as Teaching Assistant in the Faculty of Economic Sciences at the University of New Orleans and as Instructor of Macroeconomics at the Houston Community College ( 1995 ) and recently created an economic indicator . He likes to paint , to invent mathematical games and in one occasion he composed the music to accompany one of his poems . In 2009 Max L. Lacayo published two books : a screenplay , The American Ambassador and a poetry book , My Bare Essence . And in 2010 he published Tinta Invisible , a romantic story written in verses .

neg: Orlando Furioso Orlando furioso ( -LSB- orˈlando fuˈrjoːzo ; - oːso -RSB- ; The Frenzy of Orlando , more literally Raging Roland ; in Italian furioso is never capitalized ) is an Italian epic poem by Ludovico Ariosto which has exerted a wide influence on later culture . The earliest version appeared in 1516 , although the poem was not published in its complete form until 1532 . Orlando Furioso is a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo 's unfinished romance Orlando Innamorato ( `` Orlando in Love '' , published posthumously in 1495 ) . In its historical setting and characters , it shares some features with the Old French Chanson de Roland of the eleventh century , which tells of the death of Roland . The story is also a chivalric romance which stemmed from a tradition beginning in the late Middle Ages and continuing in popularity in the 16th century and well into the 17th .   Orlando is the Christian knight known in French ( and subsequently English ) as Roland . The action takes place against the background of the war between Charlemagne 's Christian paladins and the Saracen army that has invaded Europe and is attempting to overthrow the Christian empire . The poem is about war and love and the romantic ideal of chivalry . It mixes realism and fantasy , humor and tragedy . The stage is the entire world , plus a trip to the moon . The large cast of characters features Christians and Saracens , soldiers and sorcerers , and fantastic creatures including a gigantic sea monster called the orc and a flying horse called the hippogriff . Many themes are interwoven in its complicated episodic structure , but the most important are the paladin Orlando 's unrequited love for the pagan princess Angelica , which drives him mad ; the love between the female Christian warrior Bradamante and the Saracen Ruggiero , who are supposed to be the ancestors of Ariosto 's patrons , the d'Este family of Ferrara ; and the war between Christian and Infidel .   The poem is divided into forty-six cantos , each containing a variable number of eight-line stanzas in ottava rima ( a rhyme scheme of abababcc ) . Ottava rima had been used in previous Italian romantic epics , including Luigi Pulci 's Morgante and Boiardo 's Orlando Innamorato . Ariosto 's work is 38,736 lines long in total , making it one of the longest poems in European literature .

neg: Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being .   After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know .   When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life .   Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . ''   Category : American children 's novels  Category :1991 American novels

neg: Furia Musical Furia Musical was a Mexican music magazine published by Editorial Televisa , which includes articles and gossip about the famous singers in this genre .

neg: Sun, Moon, and Talia Sun , Moon , and Talia ( Sole , Luna , e Talia ) is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giambattista Basile in his 1634 work , the Pentamerone . Charles Perrault retold this fairy tale in 1697 as The Sleeping Beauty and also the Brothers Grimm in 1812 as Little Briar Rose .   It is Aarne-Thompson type 410 ; other tales of this type include The Glass Coffin and The Young Slave .

neg: The Girl Who Loved Animals The girl who loved animals is a short story written by Bruce McAllister . McAllister is known for his literary work in fantasy , science fiction , poetry and nonfiction . This particular work of short fiction was originally published in Omni may 1988 . It was included in American Gothic Tales in 1996 along with many notable authors . The story describes a future where primates are extinct and young impressionable women are targeted for an experimental procedures to impregnate them with a primate embryo , in an effort to bring back the species .

neg: La Fura dels Baus La Fura dels Baus ( -LSB- ɫə ˈfuɾə ðəɫz ˈβaws -RSB- ) is a Spanish theatrical group founded in 1979 in Barcelona , known for their urban theatre , use of unusual settings and blurring of the boundaries between audience and actor . `` La Fura dels Baus '' in Catalan means `` The ferret from Els Baus '' ( Els Baus is a toponym from the birthplace of two of the founders , Moià ) . According to a 1985 review of their London performance , published in NME , the group `` create a kind of adult adventure playground of fun , danger , slapstick and fantasy '' .

neg: Nona (short story) `` Nona '' is a short horror story by Stephen King , first published in the 1978 anthology Shadows and later collected in King 's 1985 collection Skeleton Crew .

neg: Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened  `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . '   `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay .   Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) .   Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' ''  ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) .   Implications   Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied .   Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) .   Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) .   Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) .   Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World .   Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 .   Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham ,  NC : Duke University Press .   Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 .   Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis .   Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .

neg: The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels .   Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .