query: Paul Simon has an honorary degree from Berklee College of Music.

pos: Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon ( born October 13 , 1941 ) is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' .   The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony ( 1980 ) and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman ( 1998 ) with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts .   Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year ( Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland ) , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees .

neg: Arts Horizons Arts Horizons is a not-for-profit arts-in-education organization that provides live professional performances and artist-in-residence programs to students and professional development for teachers throughout New York , New Jersey and Connecticut . Arts Horizons ' mission is `` to foster development of the whole person and to improve education by delivering quality arts programs and activities to schools and communities . ''   The organization was founded in 1978 by John Devol under the name `` Festival of Music . '' In 1995 , the organization changed its title to `` Arts Horizons '' . Arts Horizons has , since its founding , presented programs to over eight million students , teachers and community members .   In 2008 Arts Horizons created the Paul Newman Award for Services to Arts and Children . The award is bestowed to individuals who have exhibited outstanding contributions to arts education . Also in 2008 , LeRoy Neiman donated $ 1 million to the organization to open its first permanent youth arts center in Harlem .

neg: George Peabody Medal The George Peabody Medal , named in honour of George Peabody , is the highest honour bestowed by the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University . The award , established in 1980 , honours individuals who have made exceptional contributions to music in America .

neg: One-Trick Pony (album) One-Trick Pony , Paul Simon 's fifth solo studio album , was released in 1980 . It was Simon 's first album for Warner Bros. . Records , and his first new studio album since 1975 's Still Crazy After All These Years . His back catalog from Columbia Records would also move to Warner Bros. as a result of his signing with the label .   Paul Simon 's One-Trick Pony was released concurrently with the film of the same name , in which Simon also starred . Despite their similarities , the album and film are musically distinct : each features different versions of the same songs , as well as certain songs that appear exclusively on either the film or the album . The album is best known for the Grammy-nominated track `` Late in the Evening '' which was a hit for Simon in 1980 , peaking at # 6 in the United States . Two of the tracks ( the title song and `` Ace in the Hole '' ) were recorded live at the Agora Theatre and Ballroom in Cleveland , Ohio in September 1979 . The rest are studio cuts .   A few of the session musicians appearing on the album also appeared in the movie as the character Jonah 's backing band : Eric Gale on lead guitar , Richard Tee on piano , Tony Levin on bass , and Steve Gadd on drums .   In 2004 , One-Trick Pony was remastered and re-released by Warner Bros. . Records . This reissue contains four bonus tracks , including `` Soft Parachutes '' and `` Spiral Highway '' ( an early version of `` How the Heart Approaches What It Yearns '' ) both of which were featured in the film but were missing from the original album release . Also included in the re-release were the outtake of `` All Because of You '' ( an early version of `` Oh Marion '' ) and `` Stranded in a Limousine '' , which originally appeared on the 1977 compilation Greatest Hits , Etc. . .

neg: Paul Berman Paul Lawrence Berman ( born 1949 ) is an American writer on politics and literature whose articles and reviews have appeared in numerous influential publications .   His books include Terror and Liberalism ( a New York Times best-seller in 2003 ) , The Flight of the Intellectuals , A Tale of Two Utopias , Power and the Idealists , and an illustrated children 's book , Make-Believe Empire . He edited , among other anthologies , Carl Sandburg : Selected Poems , for the American Poets Project of the Library of America .   Born to a Jewish family , Berman attended Columbia University , receiving an M.A. in American history in 1973 . He is a contributing editor of The New Republic and a member of the editorial board of Dissent . He has been awarded fellowships from the MacArthur and Guggenheim foundations and from the Cullman Center for Scholars & Writers at the New York Public Library . He was a Regents ' Lecturer at the University of California , Irvine , and a Distinguished Writer in Residence at New York University . He is also an Advisory Editor at Fathom : For a deeper understanding of Israel and the region .

neg: Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John .   In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News .   Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .

neg: A Leaf A Leaf is a classical piece written by Paul McCartney , with assistance from John Fraser , and performed by Anya Alexeyev on piano . The piece is split into 7 parts . The piece was recorded live in front of Prince Charles as part of the `` An Evening with Paul McCartney & Friends '' concert on 23 March 1995 at Royal College of Music , while it was debuted on US radio as part of a radio special , titled Classical McCartney .   An attempted orchestrated version was recorded on 23 July 1996 , at AIR Studios , in London . An extended version , performed by the London Symphony Orchestra , appears on McCartney 's 1999 album , Working Classical .

neg: Give My Regards to Broad Street Give My Regards to Broad Street is the fifth studio album by Paul McCartney , as well as the soundtrack album to his 1984 film of the same name . The album reached number 1 on the UK chart . The lead single , `` No More Lonely Nights '' , was BAFTA and Golden Globe Award nominated . It was also to be his final album to be released under Columbia Records , which had been his US Label for over 5 years .

neg: American Tune `` American Tune '' is a song by the American singer-songwriter Paul Simon . It was the third single from his third studio album , There Goes Rhymin ' Simon ( 1973 ) , released on Columbia Records . The song , a meditation on the American experience , is based on a melody line from a chorale from Johann Sebastian Bach 's St Matthew Passion . The song reached number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 .

neg: Hearts and Bones Hearts and Bones is the sixth solo studio album by Paul Simon . It was released in 1983 .   The album was originally intended to be called Think Too Much , but Mo Ostin , president of Warner Bros. . Records , persuaded Simon to change it to Hearts and Bones . The album was written and recorded following Simon & Garfunkel 's The Concert in Central Park in 1981 , and the world tour of 1982-1983 . Several songs intended for Think Too Much were previewed on tour , and Art Garfunkel worked on some of the songs with Simon in the studio , with an intention that the finished product would be an all-new Simon & Garfunkel studio album . Garfunkel left the project and Simon worked the material into a solo album .

neg: Paul R. Verkuil Paul Robert Verkuil ( born December 4 , 1939 ) is an attorney , former dean of the Tulane University Law School , former president of the College of William and Mary , and former dean of Cardozo School of Law . He has also served as the CEO of the American Automobile Association from 1992 to 1995 . He is currently on the faculty of the Cardozo School of Law .   Verkuil received his A.B. at the College of William and Mary and his J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law . He also earned an M.A. from the New School for Social Research , and an LL.M . and J.S.D. from New York University School of Law .   Verkuil served as William and Mary President from July 1 , 1985 until his resignation , effective January 7 , 1992 .   Professor Verkuil is coauthor of Administrative Law and Process ( 5th ed . 2009 ) and Regulation and Deregulation ( 2nd ed . 2004 ) and Outsourcing Sovereignty : How Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy And What We Can Do About It ( Cambridge University Press , 2007 ) . He has been the editor of the Virginia Law Review , and the recipient of the NYU Founders Day Award for `` Consistent evidence of outstanding scholarship . ''   From August 2008 to August 2009 , Verkuil was acting dean of the University of Miami School of Law .   In 2009 , Verkuil was nominated by President Barack Obama to be head of the Administrative Conference of the United States . The Senate confirmed his nomination on March 3 , 2010 . From 1994-97 he served as special master for the U.S. Supreme Court in the original jurisdiction case of New Jersey v. New York , 523 U.S. 767 ( 1998 ) , and as a member of the White House Council on Small Business .   He is married to Judith Rodin , President of the Rockefeller Foundation .

neg: Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education The Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education is a merchant marine educational facility in Piney Point , Maryland which is affiliated with the Seafarers International Union . Founded in 1967 in Brooklyn , New York as the `` The Seafarers ' Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship '' , the Paul Hall Center is the largest training facility for deep sea merchant seafarers and inland waterways boatmen in the United States . The school was moved to the 60 acre plot at the confluence of the Potomac River and St. George 's Creek at the Piney Point location in 1991 , and at the same time renamed after former SIU president Paul Hall .   According to SIU , `` Tens of thousands of rated and licensed seamen have completed upgrading classes at the training center . Additionally , more than 21,000 men and women from every state in the U.S. , Puerto Rico and several U.S. territories have graduated from the trainee program for those just beginning their maritime careers . ''   The center features a number of buildings , including :  the Joseph Sacco Fire Fighting and Safety School ,  the Seafarers Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship ,  the Thomas B. Crowley Sr. . Education Center , and  the Paul Hall Library and Maritime Museum .  The Romeo Lupinacci Culinary lab   Prior to the opening of the Paul Hall Center , SIU maintained training facilities at five different ports . In 1966 , the union bought the Piney Point site . The program grew to include other offerings , such as a reading skills program , a high-school equivalency program , an adult basic skills program , and English as a Second Language program .   In 1978 , SIU entered into an arrangement with Charles County Community College of Maryland which allows participants to earn an Associates of Arts degree . In 1993 , the Maryland Higher Education Commission authorized the college program to change its degree award to an Associate of Applied Science degree and to a certificate program in Maritime Technology .

neg: List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1962 The following is a list of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1962 . Guggenheim Fellowships are American grants that have been awarded annually since 1925 by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those `` who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts . '' Each year , the foundation makes several hundred awards in each of two separate competitions : one open to citizens and permanent residents of the United States and Canada and the other to citizens and permanent residents of Latin America and the Caribbean .

neg: Joe Simon (musician) Joe Simon ( born September 2 , 1943 ) is an American chart-topping , Grammy Award winning , soul and R&B musician . A consistent presence on the US charts between 1964 and 1981 , Simon charted 51 U.S. Pop and R&B chart Hits between 1964 and 1981 , including eight times in the US top forty , and thirty-eight times in the top 40 of the US R&B charts , and 13 chart hits in Canada . His biggest hits included three number one entries on the US Billboard R&B chart : `` The Chokin ' Kind '' ( 1969 ) , `` Power Of Love '' ( 1972 ) , and `` Get Down , Get Down ( Get on the Floor ) '' ( 1975 ) .

neg: Howard Brubeck Howard Rengstorff Brubeck ( 1916 -- 1993 ) was a composer and music educator and the older brother of jazz pianist Dave Brubeck . His best known work , Dialogues for Jazz Combo and Orchestra , premiered at Carnegie Hall December 10 , 1959 with the Dave Brubeck Quartet and Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic and was recorded on Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein in 1961 . His California Suite , also from the 1950s , was performed in San Francisco and in Brussels . According to the Grove Dictionary of Music , `` The influence of Milhaud -- and sometimes echoes of Copland -- can be heard in his music ; a flair for orchestral writing , secure craftsmanship and sophisticated wit are also in evidence . '' He wrote liner notes for many of his brother 's commercial recordings , and transcribed , edited , and arranged much of his brother 's music for publication .   Howard Brubeck was born July 11 , 1916 in Concord , California and died February 16 , 1993 in La Mesa , California . He earned a Bachelor of Arts in Music from San Francisco State College in 1938 and a Master of Arts in Music from Mills College in 1941 , studying with Darius Milhaud , and Domenico Brescia . He taught high school briefly and then became Milhaud 's assistant at Mills College . At Mills Brubeck also wrote incidental music for various French plays produced by Milhaud 's wife Madeleine . In 1950 Brubeck was appointed composition instructor at San Diego State College . He was hired as Chairman of the music department of Palomar Junior College in San Marcos , California in 1953 and promoted to Dean of Humanities in 1966 . He retired in 1978 . The Brubeck Theater at Palomar College is named in his honor and work there .

neg: Joseph Silverstein Joseph Harry Silverstein ( March 21 , 1932 -- November 21 , 2015 ) was an American violinist and conductor .   Known to family , friends and colleagues as `` Joey '' , Silverstein was born in Detroit . As a youth , Silverstein studied with his father , Bernard Silverstein , who was a public school music teacher . He began studies at the Curtis Institute of Music at age 12 . His teachers included Efrem Zimbalist , D.C. Dounis , William Primrose , Josef Gingold , and Mischa Mischakoff . Although he never formally completed his high school education , Silverstein did graduate from Curtis in 1950 . Following completion of his studies at Curtis , Silverstein played as a section musician with the Houston Symphony Orchestra , the Philadelphia Orchestra , and the Denver Symphony Orchestra .   In 1955 , Silverstein joined the second violin section of Boston Symphony Orchestra ( BSO ) , the youngest musician in the orchestra at the time . In 1959 , he won a silver medal at the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition , and in 1960 he won the Naumburg Award from the Walter W. Naumburg Foundation . In 1962 , Silverstein became BSO concertmaster , a position he held for 22 years . He was appointed assistant conductor of the BSO in 1971 . Whilst in Boston , Silverstein performed with other local ensembles such as the Civic Symphony and Banchetto Musicale . He also taught at the New England Conservatory , Yale University , and Boston University as well as serving on the faculty of the Tanglewood Music Center . Silverstein left the BSO in 1984 .   Silverstein was music director of the Utah Symphony from 1983 to 1998 . He served as acting music director of the Florida Philharmonic Orchestra in 2001 until the orchestra 's demise in 2003 . He was the artistic advisor to the Portland Symphony Orchestra for the 2007-2008 season . In addition to teaching in Boston , he served as a professor of violin at the Curtis Institute of Music . In 1969 , he became a faculty artist at the Sarasota Music Festival . Silverstein performed on a 1742 Guarneri del Gesù .   Silverstein married Adrienne Shufro in 1954 . Their marriage produced two daughters , Bunny and Deborah , and a son , Marc . His widow , three children , and four grandchildren survive him .

neg: Paul Clark (Christian musician) Paul Clark is a musician who was involved in the Jesus music movement and early contemporary Christian music industry . He was born in Kansas City and recorded his first album in 1971 , Songs from the Saviour Vol 1 . Its songs became one of the first signs of the growing `` Jesus Movement '' of the early 70s .   He went on to record a further albums including Songs From The Savior - Volume Two , Come Into His Presence and Good To Be Home with Paul Clark and Friends ( including Phil Keaggy , Jay Truax , John Mehler , Bill speer , Mike Burhart , and more ) , then launched the well received , award-winning 1977 album Hand to the Plow . In 1978 he followed up with Change in the Wind and in 1980 with Aim for the Heart . These three albums had some jazz influences and were well-produced in the context of other Christian music of the time . Aim for the Heart featured Abraham Laboriel on bass along with Harlan Rogers , Hadley Hockensmith and Bill Maxwell and was certainly jazz influenced . Those four went on to become members of Koinonia jazz band from 1982 till about 1990 .   Clark is recognized as one of the founding fathers of the Jesus Movement and the contemporary Christian music industry . During his 13-year association with Word Records in the 1970s and 1980s , Clark 's songwriting , record producing and performances placed him in the forefront along with artists like Phil Keaggy , 2nd Chapter of Acts , Love Song , Larry Norman , Andraé Crouch , Honeytree , Keith Green , Randy Stonehill , Barry McGuire , and many notable others .   He is also interested in fine art photography and entering 2010 is currently working on two new CD projects and releasing two books .

neg: Homeward Bound (song) `` Homeward Bound '' is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album , Parsley , Sage , Rosemary and Thyme ( 1966 ) , although it was recorded during the sessions for their second album Sounds of Silence and included on that album in the UK . Produced by Bob Johnston , the song was released as a single on January 19 , 1966 by Columbia Records . Written by Paul Simon , the song was composed in 1964 during his period in England . Away from his girlfriend , Kathy Chitty , while touring clubs , Simon felt depressed and homesick . He first penned the song on a scrap of paper at Widnes railway station .   `` Homeward Bound '' was the duo 's second single , the follow-up to their enormously successful breakthrough hit `` The Sound of Silence '' . It performed very well domestically , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 , remaining on the charts for 12 weeks . Internationally , the song performed best in Canada , where it hit number two ; it was also a top five hit in the Netherlands .

neg: Paul Simon in Concert Paul Simon in Concert dates from October 8 , 1980 , when singer-songwriter Paul Simon performed a concert at the Tower Theater outside Philadelphia as part of his One Trick Pony Tour . The concert was recorded and released as a VHS video under this name . This concert has also been widely bootlegged on CD due to the quality of the performances of classic Simon songs as well as now-rare live recordings of songs such as `` Jonah '' and `` Ace in the Hole '' from One-Trick Pony .   In November 2003 , the recording was re-released on DVD with the title Live at the Tower Theatre . The original recording was reproduced in surround sound and the DVD 's extra features include biographies of the band members from the One Trick Pony film and soundtrack including Richard Tee and Eric Gale .   Category :2003 video albums  Category : Live video albums  Category : Paul Simon albums  Category :2003 live albums

neg: Moonlight Serenade (Carly Simon album) Moonlight Serenade is an album by the American singer-songwriter Carly Simon . It is her 22nd studio album ( her 29th overall ) , and her fourth album of pop standards .   Released on July 19 , 2005 by Columbia Records , Moonlight Serenade debuted at # 7 on the Billboard 200 , selling 58,000 copies in its first week , and remained on the chart for 10 weeks . It was Simon 's first US Top 10 album since Boys in the Trees ( 1978 ) . The album was produced by Richard Perry , with whom Simon had worked with in the 1970s on songs such as `` You 're So Vain '' .   The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album .

neg: Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin' Paul Simon in Concert : Live Rhymin ' is an album by Paul Simon , released in March 1974 by Columbia Records . It was recorded in the wake of the release of There Goes Rhymin ' Simon -- which produced a number of hit singles ( `` Kodachrome '' and `` Loves Me Like a Rock '' ) and radio staples ( as `` Something So Right '' and `` Take Me to the Mardi Gras '' ) during Simon 's 1973-74 tour , at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum , New York , July 10th , 1973 . However , the album presents a very truncated version of the concerts he performed on this tour , which consisted of up to 24 songs . The album fails to note where the performances were recorded , although according to liner notes in a later Simon compilation , `` Duncan '' is from a London concert and `` American Tune '' was recorded in New York City .   Simon was joined by Urubamba and the Jessy Dixon Singers , although the individual members are not identified either on the recording or on the liner notes . In addition to `` Jesus Is the Answer '' , included on the album , Jessy Dixon also performed `` What Do They Call Him '' on tour , while Urubamba performed the instrumentals `` Kacharpari '' and `` Death in Santa Cruz '' .   The album was Simon 's first live release and showed him performing Simon & Garfunkel songs solo in concert for the first time . The variety of songs and richness of styles helped with the album 's appeal . Most notable was Simon 's fascination with gospel , something that materialized in the arrangements on many of the songs , taking distance from Simon 's classical folk early style .   Near the end of the album , an audience member calls out for Simon to `` say a few words . '' He replies : `` Say a few words ? Well , let 's hope that we continue to live . ''   The album was a moderate success . It reached # 33 in the U.S. and was eventually certified gold by the RIAA . However , it failed to chart at all in the UK . Further , two of the live performances were released as a single as part of the promotion for the album : the breakthrough Simon & Garfunkel `` The Sound of Silence '' as the A-side , along with Simon 's debut single `` Mother and Child Reunion '' on the B-side .


query: Ancient Egypt began under the first Pharaoh, Narmer.

pos: Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa , concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the place which is now the country Egypt . It is one of six historic civilizations to arise independently . Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3150 BC ( according to conventional Egyptian chronology ) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh , Narmer ( commonly referred to as Menes ) . The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms , separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods : the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age , the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age .   Egypt reached the pinnacle of its power in the New Kingdom , during the Ramesside period , where it rivalled the Hittite Empire , Assyrian Empire and Mitanni Empire , after which it entered a period of slow decline . Egypt was invaded or conquered by a succession of foreign powers , such as the Canaanites/Hyksos , Libyans , the Nubians , the Assyrians , Babylonians , the Achaemenid Persians , and the Macedonians in the Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period of Egypt . In the aftermath of Alexander the Great 's death , one of his generals , Ptolemy Soter , established himself as the new ruler of Egypt . This Greek Ptolemaic Kingdom ruled Egypt until 30 BC , when , under Cleopatra , it fell to the Roman Empire and became a Roman province .   The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture . The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops , which supported a more dense population , and social development and culture . With resources to spare , the administration sponsored mineral exploitation of the valley and surrounding desert regions , the early development of an independent writing system , the organization of collective construction and agricultural projects , trade with surrounding regions , and a military intended to defeat foreign enemies and assert Egyptian dominance . Motivating and organizing these activities was a bureaucracy of elite scribes , religious leaders , and administrators under the control of a pharaoh , who ensured the cooperation and unity of the Egyptian people in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs .   The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying , surveying and construction techniques that supported the building of monumental pyramids , temples , and obelisks ; a system of mathematics , a practical and effective system of medicine , irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques , the first known planked boats , Egyptian faience and glass technology , new forms of literature , and the earliest known peace treaty , made with the Hittites . Egypt left a lasting legacy . Its art and architecture were widely copied , and its antiquities carried off to far corners of the world . Its monumental ruins have inspired the imaginations of travelers and writers for centuries . A new-found respect for antiquities and excavations in the early modern period by Europeans and Egyptians led to the scientific investigation of Egyptian civilization and a greater appreciation of its cultural legacy .

neg: Amarna letter EA 35 Amarna letter EA 35 , titled : The Hand of Nergal , is a moderate length clay tablet letter from the king of Alashiya ( modern Cyprus ) to the king ( pharaoh ) of Egypt ( photo , high resolution ) . The letter has multiple short paragraphs , with scribed , single-lines showing the paragraphing . Paragraphs I-VII are on the letter 's obverse ; paragraph VIII starts at the bottom edge and continues , ending at Paragraph XIII on the clay tablet 's reverse .   The letter is located in the British Museum , no. 29788 . The clay surface shows a gloss , implying a quality of the clay preparation . Small edges / corners of the clay tablet letter are broken , damaged , or missing .   The topics of the letter concern an epidemic afflicting the country : `` The Hand of Nergal '' , trade for silver and copper ( copper from Alašiya ) , and timber . A discussion of politics , concerning island individuals , and the two countries ' messengers concern the second half of the letter .   The Amarna letters , about 300 , numbered up to EA 382 , are mid 14th century BC , about 1350 BC and 25 ? years later , correspondence . The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten 's city Akhetaten , in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh ; others were later found , adding to the body of letters .

neg: Ramesses VI Ramesses VI Nebmaatre-Meryamun ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) was the fifth ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt who reigned from 1145 to 1137 BC and a son of Ramesses III by Iset Ta-Hemdjert . His royal tomb , KV9 , is located near Tutankhamun 's tomb in the Valley of the Kings .   Ramesses ' prenomen or royal name was Nebmaatre-meryamun meaning `` Lord of Justice is Re , Beloved of Amun '' while his royal epithet -- Amunherkhepshef Netjer-heqa-iunu -- translates as `` Amun is his Strength , God Ruler of Heliopolis '' .

neg: Prehistoric Egypt The prehistory of Egypt spans the period from earliest human settlement to the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt around c. 3100 BC , starting with the first Pharaoh , Narmer for some egyptologists , Hor-Aha for others , ( also known as Menes ) . This Predynastic era is traditionally equivalent to the final part of the Neolithic period beginning c. 6000 BC and corresponds to the Naqada III period .   The dates of the Predynastic period were first defined before widespread archaeological excavation of Egypt took place , and recent finds indicating very gradual Predynastic development have led to controversy over when exactly the Predynastic period ended . Thus , the term `` Protodynastic period '' , sometimes called the `` Zero Dynasty '' , has been used by scholars to name the part of the period which might be characterized as Predynastic by some and Early Dynastic by others .   The Predynastic period is generally divided into cultural periods , each named after the place where a certain type of Egyptian settlement was first discovered . However , the same gradual development that characterizes the Protodynastic period is present throughout the entire Predynastic period , and individual `` cultures '' must not be interpreted as separate entities but as largely subjective divisions used to facilitate study of the entire period .   The vast majority of Predynastic archaeological finds have been in Upper Egypt , because the silt of the Nile River was more heavily deposited at the Delta region , completely burying most Delta sites long before modern times .

neg: Hor Hor Awibre ( also known as Hor I ) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty reigning from c. 1777 BC until 1775 BC or for a few months , c. 1760 BC or c. 1732 BC , during the Second Intermediate Period . Hor is known primarily thanks to his nearly intact tomb discovered in 1894 and the rare life-size wooden statue of the king 's Ka it housed .

neg: Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt The Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt is also known as the Bubastite Dynasty , since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city of Bubastis . It was founded by Shoshenq I.   The Twenty-First , Twenty-Second , Twenty-Third , Twenty-Fourth , and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group designation of the Third Intermediate Period .

neg: Thutmose Thutmose ( also rendered Thutmoses , Thutmosis , Tuthmose , Tutmosis , Thothmes , Tuthmosis , Djhutmose , etc. ) is an Anglicization of the Egyptian name <u> d <u> hwty-ms , usually translated as `` Born of the god Thoth '' . It may refer to several individuals from the 18th Dynasty :   Thutmose I ( 16th-century -- c. 1490 BC ) , third pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty  Thutmose II ( fl . 1493 -- 1479 BC ) , fourth pharaoh  Thutmose III ( fl . 1479 -- 1425 BC ) , sixth pharaoh  Thutmose IV ( died 14th-century BC ) , eighth pharaoh  Thutmose ( 18th-dynasty vizier ) , Vizier during the reign of Thutmose IV  Crown Prince Thutmose , the elder brother of Pharaoh Akhenaten  Thutmose ( sculptor ) ( fl . 1350 BC ) , Akhenaten 's court sculptor at Amarna , to whom is attributed the famous Berlin bust of Nefertiti  Thutmose ( 19th-dynasty vizier ) , Vizier during the latter part of the reign of Ramesses II during the 19th dynasty  Tuthmose ( Viceroy of Kush ) , the Viceroy of Kush during the reign of Akhenaten

neg: Ancient Egyptian race controversy The question of the race of ancient Egyptians was raised historically as a product of the early racial concepts of the 18th and 19th centuries , and was linked to models of racial hierarchy primarily based on craniometry , anthropometry and genetics . A variety of views circulated about the racial identity of the Egyptians and the source of their culture . These were typically identified in terms of a distinction between the Caucasoid and Negroid racial categories . Some scholars argued that ancient Egyptian culture was influenced by other Afroasiatic-speaking populations in Northeast Africa , the Maghreb or the Middle East , while others pointed to influences from various Nubian groups or populations in Europe .

neg: Neferka Neferka was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty , who briefly reigned around 2200 BC .   A king with the name Neferka , written in the papyrus as Neferka-khered appears in the Turin King List between king Netjerkare Siptah and a king Nefer . Neferka and Nefer are most likely writing errors in the papyrus . Several scholars regard Neferka as mistake for Neferkare and identify him with Neferkare Pepiseneb . Other identify him with Menkare .

neg: Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature .   Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts .   Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures .   Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .

neg: Menkauhor Kaiu Menkauhor Kaiu ( also known as Ikauhor and in Greek as Mencherês , Μεγχερῆς ) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Old Kingdom period . He was the seventh ruler of the Fifth Dynasty at the end of the 25th century BC or early in the 24th century BC .   Menkauhor ruled for possibly eight or nine years , following king Nyuserre Ini , and was succeeded in turn by Djedkare Isesi . Although Menkauhor is well attested by historical sources , few artifacts from his reign have survived . Consequently , his familial relation to his predecessor and successor is unclear , and no offspring of his have been identified . Khentkaus III may have been Menkauhor 's mother , as indicated by evidence discovered in her tomb in 2015 .   Beyond the construction of monuments , the only known activity dated to Menkauhor 's reign is an expedition to the copper and turquoise mines in Sinai . Menkauhor ordered the construction of a sun temple , called the `` Akhet-Ra '' , meaning `` The Horizon of Ra '' . The last ever to be built , this sun temple , known from inscriptions found in the tombs of its priests , is yet to be located . Menkauhor was buried in a small pyramid in Saqqara , which the Ancient Egyptians named Netjer-Isut Menkauhor , `` The Divine Places of Menkauhor '' . Known today as the Headless Pyramid , the ruin had been lost under shifting sands until its rediscovery in 2008 .   The figure of Menkauhor was at the centre of a long lasting funerary cult until the end of the Old Kingdom period , with at least seven agricultural domains producing goods for the necessary offerings . The cult of a deified Menkauhor , then known by the titles `` Strong Lord of the Two Lands , Menkauhor the Justified '' reappeared during the New Kingdom period ( c. 1550 -- c. 1077 BC ) , and lasted until at least the Nineteenth Dynasty ( c. 1292 -- c. 1077 BC ) , some 1200 years after his death .

neg: Nebsenre Nebsenre ( meaning `` Their Lord is Ra '' ) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 14th Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period . Nebsenre reigned for a least five months over the Eastern and possibly Western Nile Delta , some time during the first half of the 17th century BCE . As such Nebsenre was a contemporary of the Memphis based 13th Dynasty .

neg: Mentuhotep I Mentuhotep I ( also Mentuhotep-aa , i.e. `` the Great '' ) was a likely Theban nomarch and independent ruler of Upper Egypt during the early First Intermediate Period . He was later probably considered to be the founding father of the Eleventh dynasty , which rose to prominence under Intef II and Mentuhotep II .

neg: North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) .   The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region .   North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since .   The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world .   Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .

neg: Bikheris Bikheris is the hellenized name of an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh , who may have ruled during the 4th Dynasty ( Old Kingdom period ) around 2570 BC . Next to nothing is known about this ruler and some Egyptologists even believe him to be fictitious .

neg: Mastaba A mastaba ( -LSB- 'm æstəbə -RSB- , -LSB- 'm ɑːstɑːbɑː -RSB- or -LSB- mɑː ` stɑːbɑː -RSB- ) or pr-djt ( meaning `` house for eternity '' or `` eternal house '' in Ancient Egyptian ) is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed , rectangular structure with inward sloping sides , constructed out of mud-bricks ( from the Nile River ) . These edifices marked the burial sites of many eminent Egyptians during Egypt 's Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom . In the Old Kingdom epoch , local kings began to be buried in pyramids instead of in mastabas , although non-royal use of mastabas continued for over a thousand years . Egyptologists call these tombs mastaba , which is the Arabic word for `` stone bench '' .

neg: Neferweben Nebweben was an ancient Egyptian vizier of the North under pharaoh Thutmose III of the 18th Dynasty .

neg: Palermo Stone The Palermo Stone is one of seven surviving fragments of a stele known as the Royal Annals of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt . The stele contained a list of the kings of Egypt from the First Dynasty ( ~ 3150 -- 2890 BCE ) through to the early part of the Fifth Dynasty ( approx 2392 -- 2283 BCE ) and noted significant events in each year of their reigns . It was probably made during the Fifth dynasty . The Palermo Stone is held in the Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas in the city of Palermo , Italy , from which it derives its name .   The term `` Palermo Stone '' is sometimes applied to all seven surviving fragments of the Royal Annals , including those held in museums in Cairo and London . The fragments are also sometimes described collectively as the `` Cairo Annals Stone '' , although the term `` Cairo Stone '' is also used to mean only those fragments of the Royal Annals now in Cairo .   The Palermo Stone and other fragments of the Royal Annals preserve what is probably the oldest historical text that has survived from Ancient Egypt and form a key source for Egyptian history in the Old Kingdom .

neg: Merneptah Merneptah or Merenptah was the fourth ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt . He may have been born in 1273 BC , ruling Egypt for almost ten years from late July or early August 1213 BC until his death on May 2 , 1203 BC , according to contemporary historical records . He was the thirteenth son of Ramesses II and only came to power because all his older brothers , including his full brother Khaemwaset or Khaemwase , had died . By the time he ascended to the throne he was almost sixty years old . His throne name was Ba-en-re Mery-netjeru , which means `` The Soul of Ra , Beloved of the Gods '' .   Merneptah was probably the fourth child of Isetnofret , the second wife of Ramesses II , and he was married to Queen Isetnofret , his royal wife , who was likely his full sister bearing the name of their mother . It is presumed that Merneptah also was married to Queen Takhat and one of their sons would become the later Nineteenth Dynasty pharaoh , Seti II . They also were the parents of prince Merenptah and possibly the usurper , Amenmesse , and Queen Twosret , wife of Seti II and later pharaoh in her own right .

neg: Edom Edom ( -LSB- ˈiːdəm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈiː.dʌm -RSB- ; Assyrian : Udumi ; Syriac : ܐܕܘܡ ) is a country located initially in Transjordan , between Ammon to the north , the Dead Sea and the Arabah to the west , and the Arabian desert to the south and east . Edom appears in written sources relating to the late Bronze Age and to the Iron Age in the Levant , such as the Hebrew Bible and Egyptian and Mesopotamian records . In classical antiquity the cognate name Idumea was used for a smaller area in the same general region .   Edom and Idumea are two related but distinct terms relating to a historically contiguous population , but two separate , if adjacent , territories occupied at different periods of their history by the Edomites/Idumeans . The Edomites first established a kingdom ( `` Edom '' ) in the southern area of modern Jordan , and later migrated into southern parts of the Kingdom of Judah ( `` Idumea '' , or modern southern Israel/Negev ) when Judah was first weakened , then destroyed by the Babylonians in the 6th century BC .   Edom is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible , but also in a list of the Egyptian pharaoh Seti I from c. 1215 BC , and in the chronicle of a campaign by Ramses III ( r. 1186 -- 1155 BC ) . The Edomites , who have been identified archaeologically , were a Semitic people who probably arrived in the region around the 14th century BC . Archaeological investigation showed that the country flourished between the 13th and 8th centuries BC , and was destroyed after a period of decline in the 6th century BC by the Babylonians . After the loss of the kingdom , the Edomites were pushed westward towards southern Judah by nomadic tribes coming from the east ; among these were the Nabateans , who first appear in the historical annals of the 4th century BC and already establish their own kingdom in what used to be Edom by the first half of the 2nd century BC . More recent excavations show that the process of Edomite settlement in the southern parts of the Kingdom of Judah and parts of the Negev desert down to Timna had started already before the destruction of the kingdom by Nebuchadnezzar II in 587/86 BCE , both by peaceful penetration and by military means , taking advantage of the already weakened state of Judah .   Once pushed out of their territory , the Edomites settled during the Persian period in an area comprising the southern hills of Judea down to the area north of Be'er Sheva . Here the people appear under the graecized form of their old name , as Idumeans or Idumaeans , and their new territory is called Idumea or Idumaea ( Greek : Ἰδουμαία , Idoumaía ; Latin : Idūmaea ) , a term used in New Testament times .

neg: Neferirkare Kakai Neferirkare Kakai was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh , the third king of the Fifth Dynasty . He succeeded his father Sahure on the throne and was in turn succeeded by his son Neferefre .  His praenomen , Neferirkare , means `` Beautiful is the Soul of Ra '' . His Horus name was Userkhau , his Golden Horus name Sekhemunebu and his Nebti name Khaiemnebty .


query: Blue Velvet was destroyed by David Lynch.

pos: Blue Velvet (film) Blue Velvet is a 1986 American neo-noir mystery film , written and directed by David Lynch . Blending psychological horror with film noir , the film stars Kyle MacLachlan , Isabella Rossellini , Dennis Hopper and Laura Dern . The title is taken from Bobby Vinton 's 1963 song of the same name .   The screenplay of Blue Velvet had been passed around multiple times in the late 1970s and early 1980s , with many major studios declining it because of its strong sexual and violent content . After the commercial and critical failure of Lynch 's Dune ( 1984 ) , the director made attempts at developing a more `` personal story '' , somewhat characteristic of the surrealist style displayed in his debut Eraserhead ( 1977 ) . The independent studio De Laurentiis Entertainment Group , owned at the time by Italian film producer Dino De Laurentiis , agreed to finance and produce the film .   Blue Velvet initially received a divided critical response , with many stating that its objectionable content served little artistic purpose . It nevertheless earned Lynch his second Academy Award nomination for Best Director and came to achieve cult status . As an example of a director casting against the norm , it was credited for re-launching Hopper 's career and for providing Rossellini with a dramatic outlet beyond her previous work as a fashion model and a cosmetics spokeswoman .   In the years since , the film has generated significant academic attention with regard to its thematic symbolism , and is now widely regarded as one of Lynch 's major works and one of the greatest films of the 1980s . Publications including Sight & Sound , Time , Entertainment Weekly and BBC Magazine have ranked it among the greatest American films of all time . In 2008 , Blue Velvet was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the greatest American mystery films ever made .

neg: Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants .   By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .

neg: Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' .   Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .

neg: Black Velvet (whisky) Black Velvet Whisky is a Canadian whisky brand owned by Constellation Brands . It has a smooth taste and is known for its black labeling .   Black Velvet was produced at Schenley Industries in Valleyfield , Quebec , Canada . Schenley 's Black Velvet DeLuxe was the only liquor available to submarine officers at Midway in World War II , where it was held in low regard and known as `` Schenley 's Black Death . ''   Original owner Heublein was sold to Grand Metropolitan in 1987 . Grand Metropolitan and Guinness merged in 1997 to form Diageo .   The distillery was sold by Diageo to Canandaigua Brands in 1999 .   Originally called `` Black Label '' , the name was changed to `` Black Velvet '' at the suggestion , in the late 1940s , by the Master Distiller Jack Napier because he thought it had a velvety taste and smoothness .   Black Velvet produces three expressions which are primarily sold on the export market to the United States : Black Velvet and Black Velvet Reserve , which is an older-aged product ( aged eight years ) , and Black Velvet Toasted Caramel ( introduced in 2012 ) . This brand is ranked number two in Canadian Whisky market share behind number one , Crown Royal .   The first Black Velvet Lady , Patricia Victoria Miller , was introduced to the world in 1969 as an advertisement tool for Black Velvet . Since that time , such famous names as Christie Brinkley , Cybill Shepherd , Kim Alexis , Cheryl Tiegs , Micah Wylde , and Kelly Emberg have all been Black Velvet Ladies . In addition , actors Telly Savalas , Larry Hagman and George Burns as well as country singer Tanya Tucker have also appeared in the ads . The current Black Velvet Lady is Tami Donaldson , born and raised in Hollywood , Florida .

neg: Red Velvet (film) Red Velvet is a 2008 American independent horror film directed by Bruce Dickson and written by Anthony Burns and Joe Moe . The film stars Henry Thomas and Kelli Garner and is the final film of Forrest J Ackerman .

neg: Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship The Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship , better known as the Williams Committee , was a 1970s British Home Office committee chaired by Professor Bernard Williams . The task of the committee was to `` review the laws concerning obscenity , indecency and violence in publications , displays and entertainments in England and Wales , except in the field of broadcasting , and to review the arrangements for film censorship in England and Wales '' .   The committee reported in 1979 that : `` Given the amount of explicit sexual material in circulation and the allegations often made about its effects , it is striking that one can find case after case of sex crimes and murder without any hint at all that pornography was present in the background . '' The Committee 's report was evidently influenced by the liberal thinking of John Stuart Mill , a philosopher greatly admired by Williams , and who used Mill 's principle of liberty to develop what he called the `` harm condition , '' whereby `` no conduct should be suppressed by law unless it can be shown to harm someone . ''   Williams concluded that pornography could not be shown to be harmful and that `` the role of pornography in influencing society is not very important ... to think anything else is to get the problem of pornography out of proportion with the many other problems that face our society today . '' The committee reported that , so long as children were protected from seeing it , adults should be free to read and watch pornography as they saw fit .   It found that the existing variety of laws in the field should be scrapped , and that terms such as ` obscene ' , ` indecent ' and ` deprave and corrupt ' should be abandoned as they were no longer useful . The Committee thought existing laws should be replaced with a comprehensive new statute , under which the availability of material would be restricted so that it did not cause offence to reasonable people , and was not accessible to children . The recommended restrictions on availability would not have been confined just to material that involved nudity and/or which was sexually explicit . Restrictions were to apply to : `` matter ( other than the printed word ) and to a performance whose unrestricted availability is offensive to reasonable people by reason of the manner in which it portrays , deals with or relates to violence , cruelty or horror , or sexual , faecal or urinary functions or genital organs . ''   Regarding the definition of pornography the commission stated that , `` a pornographic representation is one that combines two features : it has a certain function or intention , to arouse its audience sexually , and also a certain content , explicit representations of sexual material ( organs , postures , activity , etc ) .   On the difference between ` obscenity ' and ` pornography ' , the committee found that the word ` obscene ' was a subjective term that refers to peoples reaction to material , and that '' it principally expresses an intense or extreme version of what we have called ` offensiveness ' . It may be that it particularly emphasises the most strongly aversive element in that notion , the idea of an object 's being repulsive or disgusting . '' ` Pornography ' however was found to be `` a rather more objective expression referring to a certain kind of writing , picture etc ... Pornography will have some tendency to be obscene , but will not necessarily be so ... a tendency to be offensive is built into it , but it is not universally even offensive ... Still less must it inevitably be very strongly offensive or obscene . ''   On whether art could be obscene , it reported that , `` work ... may be experienced as offensive , and also be experienced as having aesthetic interest , but in the case of which the two experiences do not occur at the same time . These will be works which are found offensive at first , or by a spectator who remains distanced from them , but which lose that character for someone involved in them . It did however recognize that `` it would be unwise to deny that ... there could be works which were , and remained , offensive , indeed intensely offensive or obscene . ''

neg: Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic .   Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .

neg: Blue Velvet (song) `` Blue Velvet '' is a popular song written and composed in 1950 by Bernie Wayne and Lee Morris . A top 20 hit for Tony Bennett in its original 1951 version , the song has since been re-recorded many times , with a 1963 version by Bobby Vinton reaching No. 1 .

neg: Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' .   Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography .   Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour .   The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' .   On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland .   Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .

neg: Slaughter Disc Slaughter Disc is a 2005 pornographic horror film written , directed and produced by David Quitmeyer .

neg: Deanna Summers Deanna ( Dea ) Summers ( May 30 , 1940 in New Albany , MS -- February 14 , 2017 in Garland , TX ) was an American songwriter born in Mississippi . The family relocated to Memphis , Tennessee in 1952 where she attended Kingsbury Jr. . High School . She also attended Humes High School before her family relocated to Dallas , Texas . She has been an active member of BMI ( Broadcast Music Incorporated ) as both a songwriter and publisher affiliate since 1965 . She is co-owner of Silicon Music Publishing and many of her compositions have been recorded by various artists . Her songs and published works have appeared on Capri Records , Tear Drop Records , Charay Records , Mister Rock Records , Enviken Records , Le Cam Records , Country Disco Records , Rollercoaster Records , Primo Records , Crystal Clear Sound Records , Collector Records , Collectable Records , Big Beat Records , Lake County Records , Domino Records , Front Row Records , Maridene Records , Helvis Records , W&G Records , Overtone Records .   In 1977 she wrote `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' as a tribute to Elvis Presley and Priscilla Presley . The song was issued by Tear Drop Records in 1977 and became one of her most popular compositions . The `` Goodbye Priscilla '' 45 is now a much sought-after collectible and has been issued on several Elvis `` tribute '' compilation albums and CDs . She later met with Priscilla Presley and personally presented her with a copy of the original 45rpm record . When `` Goodbye Priscilla '' was first released in 1977 there was some confusion about which Priscilla it was written for-Priscilla Presley or Priscilla Davis who was a main character in the famous Cullen Davis Murder Trials . In his book `` Blood Will Tell-The Murder Trials Of Cullen Davis '' author Gary Cartwright credits the song ( page 199 ) as referring to Priscilla Davis . However , this song was written solely for Priscilla Presley as a tribute to Elvis .   Summers was profiled in the Dictionary of International Biography ( 1982 Edition published by IBC Cambridge ) . She is also profiled in Songwriter 's Market ( 1979 -- Present ) published by Writer 's Digest Books .

neg: Michele O'Marah Michele O'Marah ( born 1967 ) is an American video artist . Her works have been named among the best of 2002 and the best of 2010 by Artforum .   O'Marah was born 1967 in Vallejo , California . She earned a B.F.A. from Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia , majoring in photography .   O'Marah often remakes and reinterprets films , interviews , and other media . In the 2001 White Diamonds , Agent Orange , she recreated a 1970 60 Minutes interview with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton and paired the remade interview with a fictionalization of the Vietnam War . A critic in Flash Art reviewed the installation unfavorably , commenting that it `` left you with a sinking feeling that artists are fiddling around while Rome is burning . ''   In 2002 , O'Marah created a full-length remake of the 1983 cult film Valley Girl on an extremely low budget , casting artist friends in the video and using a borrowed video camera . Discussing the project in a later interview , she stated , '' -LSB- M -RSB- y idea was to fail the original Valley Girl . One person can not replicate the job of an 80-person film crew . So I thought that my Valley Girl would be a process piece where the video would at times be a dismal failure ... because I could never perfectly re-create the original . '' She also stated , `` I wanted my video to expose the underlying myth of the original : that Prince Charming will pursue you to the ends of the earth ... The idea of remaking it and making the construction of my video really obvious just acknowledged that the story is a construction , too . '' Writing in Artforum , Bruce Hainley called the work `` a guerrilla tour de force and a heady meditation on the simple act of doing something again '' and praised it simultaneously `` entertainment , a document of a time period and locale , a DIY manifesto , a feminist commentary with acute style , and a meditation on continuity . ''   In 2006 , O'Marah worked with David Jones and Tim Jackson to create the video Faustus 's Children , a take on the Faust legend . In the melodramatic video , non-actors `` deliver an amusingly fraught dialogue reflecting on the hubris of the haute bourgeoisie . ''   In 2007 , O'Marah again recreated a historic interview , remaking the 1973 Firing Line interview of Black Panther leader Huey P. Newton by conservative author William F. Buckley .   Her 2010 project A Girls ' Got ta Do What a Girl 's Got ta Do remade three scenes from the 1996 Pamela Anderson film Barb Wire '' .

neg: Closure (video) Closure is the first video album by American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails , released on November 25 , 1997 . The double VHS set consists of one tape of live concert and behind-the-scenes footage from their Self-Destruct and Further Down the Spiral tours and one tape of music videos .   The first cassette 's footage highlights the backstage antics by Nine Inch Nails and their tour guests : Marilyn Manson , Jim Rose Circus and David Bowie . One segment , in particular , is dedicated to Reznor 's penchant at the time for violently destroying keyboards and other tour equipment each show .   The music videos on the second cassette are interspersed with snippets from educational films , as well as exclusive footage shot by Peter Christopherson which is reminiscent of the video for `` Closer '' ; these segments include remixed music from the band 's back catalogue , most prominently featuring `` A Warm Place '' and `` The Art of Self Destruction , Final '' . Closure also contains snippets of the non-commercially released Broken film . Footage from the Edison Manufacturing Company film Electrocuting an Elephant is shown before `` March of the Pigs '' .   According to Russell Mills , who created the artwork , a live album was also planned as a companion to Closure and artwork was made for it , but the idea was scrapped . The unused paintings can be seen here .

neg: Lolita (1962 film) Lolita is a 1962 British-American black comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Kubrick . Based on his novel of the same title , Vladimir Nabokov also wrote the screenplay . It follows a middle-aged literature lecturer who becomes obsessed with an adolescent girl . The film stars James Mason as Humbert Humbert , Sue Lyon as Dolores Haze ( Lolita ) , and Shelley Winters as Charlotte Haze , with Peter Sellers as Clare Quilty .   Owing to the MPAA 's restrictions at the time , the film toned down the more provocative aspects of the novel , sometimes leaving much to the audience 's imagination . The actress who played Lolita , Sue Lyon , was 14 at the time of filming .   Lolita polarized contemporary critics , but is well-received today . Kubrick later commented , however , that if he had realized how severe the censorship limitations were going to be , he probably would never have made the film .

neg: Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles .   As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording .   While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .

neg: American Viscose Corporation American Viscose Corporation was an American division of the British firm Courtaulds , which manufactured rayon and other synthetic fibres . Established in 1909 , it became the largest supplier of rayon and the first company to make artificial silk in the United States .   American Viscose had plants at Marcus Hook , Pennsylvania ( established 1910 ) , Roanoke , Virginia ( 1916 ) , Lewistown , Pennsylvania ( 1920 ) , Parkersburg , West Virginia ( 1927 ) , Meadville , Pennsylvania ( 1929 ) , Nitro , West Virginia , and Front Royal , Virginia ( 1940 ) . After a 1946 merger with Sylvania Industrial Corporation ( not to be confused with lighting and electronics manufacturer Sylvania ) , it gained a plant at Fredericksburg , Virginia .   The company changed names and ownership several times . It was founded as a division of Courtaulds and began production as `` The Viscose Company '' in 1910 . In 1937 it changed to `` American Viscose Corporation '' . In 1941 the company was sold off by order of the British government in order to raise money for purchase of munitions and other supplies from the Americans . The company passed into the control of the Monsanto Corporation after the war . ( Courtaulds resumed manufacture of rayon in the United States in 1952 ) . In 1963 it was purchased by FMC Corporation , which sold off the division in 1976 to its employees . It was then renamed Avtex Fibers .   In 1974 , two years before FMC Corporation sold off the division to its employees , the plant in Parkersburg , WV was closed .   In 1980 Avtex Fibers closed their plant in Nitro , West Virginia that manufactured rayon staple . In 1983 , Avtex Fibers was the largest US manufacturer of rayon fiber , as well as operating plants that made polyester and acetate yarn .   Certain of its closed plants have become Superfund pollution cleanup sites . The former plant site at Front Royal , Virginia was used for manufacturing from 1940 until 1989 , when the plant was closed after being cited for more than 2,000 environmental violations over five years , including emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) into the nearby Shenandoah River . The plant was demolished in 1997 , and is currently being restored by FMC in conjunction with the United States Environmental Protection Agency .   The company made rayon fiber for fabric and also rayon cord for reinforcement of pneumatic automobile tires . Declining sales and high internal costs caused Avtex to close its rayon operations in 1988 , briefly restarting to produce fiber for the aerospace industry , and then permanently closing in 1990 for economic and environmental reasons .

neg: Less Than Zero (song) `` Less Than Zero '' is the eighth track on Elvis Costello 's debut album My Aim Is True , and the first Costello single that Stiff Records released .   The song expressed Costello 's anger after seeing former British Union of Fascists leader Oswald Mosley interviewed on television attempting to deny his racist past . In the liner notes to the Rhino edition of the album , Costello writes :   The song therefore fits in with a number of others on early Costello albums that deal with themes of fascism and totalitarianism , which also include `` Night Rally '' from This Year 's Model and `` Goon Squad '' from Armed Forces . In this case , a racist and totalitarian movement is seen in terms of sub rosa teenage sex : `` Turn up the TV ... Even your mother wo n't detect it/So your father wo n't know . ''   Allmusic critic Mark Deming describes the melody as `` slow , slinky -LSB- and -RSB- sinister . '' Deming also suggests that the melody shows some reggae influences , even though the rhythm does not incorporate reggae syncopations . Deming describes the song as `` controversial , audacious , and highly effective '' as well as `` a truly remarkable debut . ''   On his first visit to the United States , Costello found that American audiences did n't understand the song , writing in his 2015 autobiography , Unfaithful Music and Disappearing Ink , `` I 'm not sure if anyone in Cleveland has ever heard of Oswald Mosley or gave a damn about him when we played `` Less Than Zero '' that night . It was just some rock and roll music with a fashionable-sounding title '' . Later , he substantially rewrote the lyrics to refer to Lee Harvey Oswald . This was a reference to the common misconception among American fans that this was the `` Mr. Oswald '' referred to in the original lyrics . This version is usually referred to as the `` Dallas version '' and is available as a bonus track on the My Aim is True reissue , and a live version can be found on Live at the El Mocambo .   The song later provided US author Bret Easton Ellis with the title of his debut novel .   The song was also involved in Costello 's infamous performance on Saturday Night Live on 17 December 1977 . Following pressure from his record company to play the song on the show , Costello began to play the song , but he stopped after only a few bars , saying that `` there 's no reason to do this song here . '' He then launched into an unannounced performance of `` Radio Radio '' , a song he had promised not to play . As a result , he was banned from the show until 1989 . In 2015 , Costello wrote of having seen the Saturday Night Live appearance as an opportunity equivalent to The Beatles ' first live US television performance on -LSB- -LSB- The Ed Sullivan Show -RSB- : '' -LSB- ... -RSB- Columbia insisted that the second song should be `` Less Than Zero '' . The song had already proven to be obscure to many American ears and if this was supposed to be our I Want to Hold Your Hand moment , I thought the song was too low-key '' . He had then come up with the plan to switch songs , inspired by a live performance on the BBC 's The Lulu Show in 1969 in which Jimi Hendrix had scrapped a performance of Hey Joe after a few bars to instead play an impromptu tribute to Cream , who had broken up just days before .   `` Less Than Zero '' appears on the first Stiff Records compilation ; A Bunch of Stiff Records , whilst the B-side , `` Radio Sweetheart '' , appears on their second ; Hits Greatest Stiffs .

neg: The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ( often shortened to Ziggy Stardust ) is the fifth studio album by English musician David Bowie , released on 16 June 1972 . It is a concept album telling the story of a fictional rock star named Ziggy Stardust . It peaked at No. 5 in the United Kingdom on the UK Albums Chart and No. 75 in the United States on the Billboard 200 , then improved to a No. 21 position in the wake of Bowie 's death .   The album tells the story of Bowie 's alter ego Ziggy Stardust , a rock star who acts as a messenger for extraterrestrial beings . Bowie created Ziggy Stardust while in New York City promoting Hunky Dory and performed as him on a tour of the United Kingdom , Japan and North America . The album , and the character of Ziggy Stardust , was known for its glam rock influences and themes of sexual exploration and social commentary . These factors , coupled with the ambiguity surrounding Bowie 's sexuality and fuelled by a ground-breaking performance of `` Starman '' on Top of the Pops , led to the album being met with controversy and since hailed as a seminal work .   The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars has received critical acclaim and has been consistently considered one of the greatest albums of all time , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it the 35th greatest ever . It was ranked the 20th greatest album ever in a 1997 British survey , the 41st greatest of all time by Q magazine and one of the 100 greatest releases ever by Time magazine . In 2017 , the album was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or artistically significant '' by the Library of Congress .   A concert film of the same name , directed by D. A. Pennebaker , was recorded in 1973 and released a decade later in 1983 .

neg: Marshall Blonstein Marshall Blonstein is an entertainment industry executive who is best known as the founder and president of the audiophile music labels Audio Fidelity and DCC Compact Classics . He has also held positions at Island , Ode , ABC and Epic Records , and been associated with some of the most prominent artists in popular music .   He was born and raised in Los Angeles , and entered the music business in 1966 , working at Dunhill Records . He subsequently moved into record promotion with ABC Records , then , from 1966 to 1970 , performed similar duties for Columbia Records , working in Chicago and Los Angeles . He ended his tenure with Columbia in 1970 , directing promotional activities for the company 's Epic and associated labels from New York City .   From 1970 to 1979 Blonstein held executive positions at Ode Records , a label he helped to found with Lou Adler , where he was involved with the success of Carole King 's Tapestry album ( 1971 ) , the concert edition of The Who 's Tommy ( 1972 ) , The Rocky Horror Picture Show ( 1975 ) , and Cheech & Chong 's Up in Smoke movie ( 1978 ) , among other projects . He became president of Island Records from 1979 to 1982 , contributing to the careers of artists such as Robert Palmer , Steve Winwood , Bob Marley , Marianne Faithfull and Grace Jones .   Blonstein began a new phase of his career in 1986 when he founded DCC Compact Classics as one of the first companies to issue catalogue music product on the then-new compact disc format . DCC evolved into one of the first companies to cater to the high-end audiophile market with its line of digitally remastered reissues on its 24 Karat Gold CD and 180-gram pure virgin vinyl formats . DCC released audiophile editions of best-selling albums by Elvis Presley , Frank Sinatra , the Doors , The Eagles and many others .   In 2002 Blonstein founded Morada Music and Video , which issued new music and licensed features for DVD , and Audio Fidelity Music , which specializes in audiophile reissues . Among the Audio Fidelity catalogue titles are popular items such as James Taylor 's Sweet Baby James , Stevie Wonder 's Songs in the Key of Life , Carly Simon 's No Secrets and several Grateful Dead titles .   Blonstein has also established a DVD series . Among the titles of Morada DVD is the historic series Playboy After Dark . Morada Music has also acquired the rights to 160 television shows from the legendary comedian Soupy Sales .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: Goodbye Priscilla (Bye Bye Baby Blue) `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' is a song written by Deanna Summers , David Saxton and Ben Shaw . It was published by Silicon Music , BMI in 1977 and first recorded by Gene Summers that same year . The song was initially released by Tear Drop Records as a one-sided , promotional , single and later re-issued with `` World Of Illusion '' as the flip side ( #TD 3405 ) .   `` Goodbye Priscilla '' was written as a tribute to Elvis and Priscilla Presley . The `` Goodbye Priscilla '' 45 is now a much-sought-after collectible and has been issued on several Elvis `` tribute '' compilation albums and CDs . When `` Goodbye Priscilla ( Bye Bye Baby Blue ) '' was first released there was a controversy about which Priscilla it was written for : Priscilla Presley , or Priscilla Davis , wife of T. Cullen Davis and central figure in the T. Cullen Davis murder trials . In his book Blood Will Tell : The Murder Trials Of Cullen Davis author Gary Cartwright credited the song ( page 199 ) as referring to Priscilla Davis .