query: Linux is software that does not cost money and is available for unrestricted modification.

pos: Free and open-source software Free and open-source software ( FOSS ) is computer software that can be classified as both free software and open-source software . That is , anyone is freely licensed to use , copy , study , and change the software in any way , and the source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the software . This is in contrast to proprietary software , where the software is under restrictive copyright and the source code is usually hidden from the users .   The benefits of using FOSS can include decreasing software costs , increasing security and stability ( especially in regard to malware ) , protecting privacy , and giving users more control over their own hardware . Free , open-source operating systems such as Linux and descendents of BSD are widely utilized today , powering millions of servers , desktops , smartphones ( e.g. Android ) , and other devices . Free software licenses and open-source licenses are used by many software packages .

pos: Linux Linux ( pronounced -LSB- - en audio = Linus-linux . oggˈlɪnəks -RSB- or , less frequently , -LSB- ˈlaɪnəks -RSB- ) is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution . The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel , an operating system kernel first released on September 17 , 1991 by Linus Torvalds . The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to describe the operating system , which has led to some controversy .   Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture , but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system . Because of the dominance of Android on smartphones , Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems . Linux is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers , and is used on 99.6 % of the TOP500 supercomputers . It is used by around 2.3 % of desktop computers . The Chromebook , which runs the Linux kernel-based Chrome OS , dominates the US K -- 12 education market and represents nearly 20 % of the sub - $ 300 notebook sales in the US . Linux also runs on embedded systems -- devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system . This includes TiVo and similar DVR devices , network routers , facility automation controls , televisions , video game consoles and smartwatches . Many smartphones and tablet computers run Android and other Linux derivatives .   The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration . The underlying source code may be used , modified and distributedcommercially or non-commerciallyby anyone under the terms of its respective licenses , such as the GNU General Public License . Typically , Linux is packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution ( or distro for short ) for both desktop and server use . Some of the most popular mainstream Linux distributions are Arch Linux , CentOS , Debian , Fedora , Gentoo Linux , Linux Mint , Mageia , openSUSE and Ubuntu , together with commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server . Distributions include the Linux kernel , supporting utilities and libraries , many of which are provided by the GNU Project , and usually a large amount of application software to fulfil the distribution 's intended use .   Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system , such as X11 , Mir or a Wayland implementation , and an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or the KDE Software Compilation ; some distributions may also include a less resource-intensive desktop , such as LXDE or Xfce . Distributions intended to run on servers may omit all graphical environments from the standard install , and instead include other software to set up and operate a solution stack such as LAMP . Because Linux is freely redistributable , anyone may create a distribution for any intended use .

neg: Legal aspects of computing Legal aspects of computing are related to the overlapping areas of law and computing .   The first one , historically , was information technology law ( or IT law ) . ( `` IT law '' should not be confused with the IT aspects of law itself , although there are overlapping issues . ) IT law consists of the law ( statutes , regulations , and caselaw ) which governs the digital dissemination of both ( digitalized ) information and software itself ( see history of free and open-source software ) , and legal aspects of information technology more broadly . IT law covers mainly the digital information ( including information security and electronic commerce ) aspects and it has been described as `` paper laws '' for a `` paperless environment '' .   Cyberlaw or Internet law is a term that encapsulates the legal issues related to use of the Internet . It is less a distinct field of law than intellectual property or contract law , as it is a domain covering many areas of law and regulation . Some leading topics include internet access and usage , privacy , freedom of expression , and jurisdiction .   `` Computer law '' is a third term which tends to relate to issues including both Internet law and the patent and copyright aspects of computer technology and software .

neg: Symphony OS Symphony OS , SymphonyOne or Symphony Linux , is a Live CD Linux-based operating system , developed by Ryan P Quinn , Jason Spisak , and Alexander Drummond . The distribution was dormant until 29 June 2011 , when a new build was released .   At first , Symphony OS was based on Knoppix . Since its May 2006 release it is no longer based on Knoppix , but rather on Debian unstable , and features a functional hard drive installer . Symphony OS 2007 Preview , was based on Ubuntu 7.04 . SymphonyOne was released on April 1 , 2008 . The release of version 2008.1 is based on Ubuntu 7.10 .   The primary difference between Symphony OS and other distributions is the addition of the Mezzo desktop environment . This environment , like other aspects of Symphony , was designed with an eye towards extreme simplicity and usability . An example is that WLAN-Networks can work automatically with no user action . Symphony also includes its own Mozilla-driven application environment , called Orchestra .   Symphony OS uses a custom packaging system utilizing the * . sym package format ; through a simple GUI a user may install any application in the Symphony library without dealing with `` dependency hell '' . Because Symphony is Debian-based , it also supports the Debian package format .

neg: Software independence The term `` software independence '' ( SI ) was coined by Dr. Ron Rivest and NIST researcher John Wack . A software independent voting machine is one whose tabulation record does not rely solely on software . The goal of an SI system is to definitively determine whether all votes recorded are legitimately or by error .   The technical definition of SI is :   A voting system is software-independent if an undetected change or error in its software can not cause an undetectable change or error in an election outcome .   SI has been redefined as a global property for a tabulation of votes rather than of each individual vote , aiming to detect rather than prevent error and fraud through human processes .

neg: OpenSUSE version history openSUSE , a popular Linux distribution developed by the community-supported openSUSE Project and sponsored by a number of companies and individuals , most notably SUSE , AMD , B1 Systems , Heinlein Support and IP Exchange . attempts to maintain , promote , improve and document the openSUSE Linux distribution .

neg: Disk operating system A disk operating system ( abbreviated DOS ) is a computer operating system that can use a disk storage device , such as a floppy disk , hard disk drive , or optical disc . A disk operating system must provide a file system for organizing , reading , and writing files on the storage disk . Strictly speaking , this definition does not apply to current generations of operating systems , such as versions of Microsoft Windows in use , and is more appropriately used only for older generations of operating systems .   Disk operating systems were available for mainframes , microprocessors and home computers and were usually loaded from the disks themselves as part of the boot process .

neg: Fórum Internacional Software Livre Fórum Internacional do Software Livre ( FISL ) ( International Free Software Forum ) is an event sponsored by Associação Software Livre.Org ( Free Software Association ) , a Brazilian NGO that , among other goals , seeks the promotion and adoption of free software . It takes place every year in Porto Alegre , the capital of Rio Grande Do Sul , the southernmost state of Brazil .   The event is meant as a `` get-together '' of students , researchers , social movements for freedom of information , entrepreneurs , Information Technology ( IT ) enterprises , governments , and other interested people . It is considered one of the world ´ s largest free software events , harboring technical , political and social debates in an integrated way . It gathers discussions , speeches , personalities and novelties both national and international in the free software world .

neg: Utility computing Utility computing , or The Computer Utility , is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed , and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate . Like other types of on-demand computing ( such as grid computing ) , the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs . Utility is the packaging of computing resources , such as computation , storage and services , as a metered service . This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources ; instead , computational resources are essentially rented .   This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to `` on demand '' computing , software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing , application and network as a service .   There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift . However , the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream .   IBM , HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing , with their business units and researchers working on the architecture , payment and development challenges of the new computing model . Google , Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008 , as they established their own utility services for computing , storage and applications .   Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers .   `` Utility computing '' has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer . Multiple servers are used on the `` back end '' to make this possible . These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out , or even an under-utilized supercomputer . The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing .   The term `` grid computing '' is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing , where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains . To provide utility computing services , a company can `` bundle '' the resources of members of the public for sale , who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients .   One model , common among volunteer computing applications , is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes , on the behest of approved end-users ( in the commercial case , the paying customers ) . Another model , sometimes called the Virtual Organization ( VO ) , is more decentralized , with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle .   The definition of `` utility computing '' is sometimes extended to specialized tasks , such as web services .

neg: History of Linux The history of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel .  Since then , the resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history . Since the initial release of its source code in 1991 , it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.2.3 version in 2015 with more than 18 million lines of source code under the GNU General Public License v2 .

neg: License-free software License-free software is computer software that is not explicitly in the public domain , but the software owner has not made explicit the terms of the license which makes the software fully copyright protected according to the Berne convention .

neg: Linux on embedded systems Operating systems based on the Linux kernel are used in embedded systems such as consumer electronics ( i.e. set-top boxes , smart TVs , personal video recorders ( PVRs ) , in-vehicle infotainment ( IVI ) , networking equipment ( such as routers , switches , wireless access points ( WAPs ) or wireless routers ) , machine control , industrial automation , navigation equipment , spacecraft flight software , and medical instruments in general ) .   Thanks to their versatility , operating systems based on the Linux kernel can be also found in mobile devices that are actually touchscreen-based embedded devices , such as smartphones and tablets , together with personal digital assistants ( PDAs ) and portable media players that also include a touchscreen .

neg: Sudo sudo ( -LSB- ˈsuːduː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈsuːdoː -RSB- ) is a program for Unix-like computer operating systems that allows users to run programs with the security privileges of another user , by default the superuser . It originally stood for `` superuser do '' as the older versions of sudo were designed to run commands only as the superuser . However , the later versions added support for running commands not only as the superuser but also as other ( restricted ) users , and thus it is also commonly expanded as `` substitute user do '' . Although the latter case reflects its current functionality more accurately , sudo is still often called `` superuser do '' since it is so often used for administrative tasks .   Unlike the similar command su , users must , by default , supply their own password for authentication , rather than the password of the target user . After authentication , and if the configuration file , which is typically located at / etc/sudoers , permits the user access , the system invokes the requested command . The configuration file offers detailed access permissions , including enabling commands only from the invoking terminal ; requiring a password per user or group ; requiring re-entry of a password every time or never requiring a password at all for a particular command line . It can also be configured to permit passing arguments or multiple commands .

neg: Parabola GNU/Linux-libre Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is a Linux distribution for computers using the i686 and x86-64 architectures . It is based on Arch Linux , and for the ARMv7 architecture based on Arch Linux ARM , but uses only free software . It includes the GNU OS tools and the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel . The development focuses on simplicity , community involvement and use of the latest free software packages . Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a completely free operating system .   Parabola GNU/Linux-libre uses a rolling release model , such that a regular system update is all that is needed to obtain the latest software .

neg: MNOS (operating system) MNOS ( meaning `` MobilNaya Operatsionnaya Sistema '' , or `` Portable Operating System '' ) was a Unix-like operating system developed in the Soviet Union . It was derived from Version 6 Unix and consequently heavily modified to incorporate many features of BSD Unix . From 1983 until 1986 it enjoyed significant popularity in the USSR and other Eastern Bloc countries , due to its light weight and better performance than that of Version 7 Unix ( and later BSD Unix-based ) alternatives .   Its development was initiated in the IPK Minavtoproma in Moscow in 1981 , and development continued in cooperation from other institutes , including Kurchatov Institute . MNOS and its alternative ,  DEMOS version 1.x , were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990 resulting in the joint OS , DEMOS version 2.x .  MNOS became the first completely bilingual version of Unix , and used the proprietary 8-bit Cyrillic character set , U-code , which was later dropped in favor of KOI-8 in the process of merging with DEMOS .   The origin of the version qualifier `` RL '' is `` Rabochaya Loshadka '' ( The working horsy )

neg: LinuxForums.org LinuxForums.org is a community-driven website owned by MAS Media Inc. for Linux users needing free help and support with their Linux distributions and software , and computer hardware . With more than 200,000 registered members , it is one of the most active Linux forums and free software community sites on the Internet .   Support is given in different ways in specific forums , such as on a distribution level ( for major distribution such as Red Hat/Fedora Core , Ubuntu , Suse , Slackware , Debian , Gentoo , Arch ) , but also on an operational level ( for areas such as Wireless , Applications , Servers , Networking , Desktop / X Window , Programming & Scripting ) .   In November , 2008 the forum changed ownership and did a complete overhaul of the site .

neg: Paldo (operating system) paldo ( `` pure adaptable linux distribution '' ) is a computer operating system built on top of the Linux kernel and using the GNU utilities . It was originally developed by Jürg Billeter and Raffaele Sandrini and released in 2004 , mainly under the GNU GPL .

neg: Intellectual freedom Intellectual freedom encompasses the freedom to hold , receive and disseminate ideas without restriction . Viewed as an integral component of a democratic society , intellectual freedom protects an individual 's right to access , explore , consider , and express ideas and information as the basis for a self-governing , well-informed citizenry . Intellectual freedom comprises the bedrock for freedoms of expression , speech , and the press and relates to freedoms of information and privacy .   The United Nations upholds intellectual freedom as a basic human right through Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which asserts :  Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression ; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek , receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers .   The institution of libraries in particular values intellectual freedom as part of their mission to provide and protect access to information and ideas . The American Library Association ( ALA ) defines intellectual freedom as `` the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction . It provides for free access to all expressions of ideas through which any and all sides of a question , cause or movement can be explored . ''   The modern concept of intellectual freedom developed out of an opposition to book censorship . It is promoted by several professions and movements . These entities include , among others , librarianship , education , and the Free Software Movement .

neg: GNU GNU -LSB- ɡnuː -RSB- is an operating system  and an extensive collection of computer software . GNU is composed wholly of free software , most of which is licensed under the GNU Project 's own GPL .   GNU is a recursive acronym for `` GNU 's Not Unix ! '' , chosen because GNU 's design is Unix-like , but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code .  The GNU project includes an operating system kernel , GNU HURD , which was the original focus of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) .  However , non-GNU kernels , most famously Linux , can also be used with GNU software ; as the kernel is not yet production-ready , this is how the GNU system is usually used . The combination of GNU software and the Linux kernel is commonly known as Linux ( or less frequently GNU/Linux ; see GNU/Linux naming controversy ) .   Richard Stallman , the founder of the project , views GNU as a `` technical means to a social end '' . Relatedly Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman 's book Free Software , Free Society that in it Stallman has written about `` the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice . ''

neg: Greenware (computing) Greenware is software distributed under the condition that the user does something to help the environment . The term `` greenware '' is a variant on shareware and freeware . Greenware can be distributed free or for charge . In either case the author expects the user to do something `` green '' . That can be a special action like replacing all standard light bulbs with CFLs or a more general application to live more ecologically .   A more general approach than greenware is careware , which distributes software in a way that benefits a charity .   Greenware can also refer to a combination of computer hardware , software and services , which enables user to minimize the environmental impact of using the computer and lower TCO ( Total Cost of Ownership ) at the same time .

neg: System virtual machine In computing , a system virtual machine is a virtual machine provides a complete system platform which supports the execution of a complete operating system ( OS ) . These usually emulate an existing architecture , and are built with the purpose of either providing a platform to run programs where the real hardware is not available for use ( for example , executing on otherwise obsolete platforms ) , or of having multiple instances of virtual machines leading to more efficient use of computing resources , both in terms of energy consumption and cost effectiveness ( known as hardware virtualization , the key to a cloud computing environment ) , or both . A VM was originally defined by Popek and Goldberg as `` an efficient , isolated duplicate of a real machine '' .

neg: Open-source software security Open-source software security is the measure of assurance or guarantee in the freedom from danger and risk inherent to an open-source software system .


query: Sophie Turner is from Australia.

pos: Sophie Turner Sophie Turner ( born 21 February 1996 ) is an English actress . Turner made her professional acting debut as Sansa Stark on the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones ( 2011 -- present ) , which brought her international recognition and critical praise . For her performance , she has received four nominations for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series , as well as a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Supporting Young Actress in a TV Series .   Turner has also starred in the television film The Thirteenth Tale ( 2013 ) and she made her feature film debut in Another Me ( 2013 ) . She has also starred in the action comedy Barely Lethal ( 2015 ) and played Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series .

neg: Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven .   The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill .   Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .

neg: Wendy Turner Webster Wendy Turner-Webster ( born Wendy Turner , 5 June 1967 ) is an English journalist , television presenter and animal welfare campaigner .

neg: Sophie Charlotte (actress) Sophie Charlotte ( born April 29 , 1989 ) is a German Brazilian actress and ballerina .

neg: Lara Bingle Lara Worthington , known by her maiden name Lara Bingle , ( born 22 June 1987 ) is an Australian advertising model and minor media personality . She is best known for appearing in the 2006 Tourism Australia advertising campaign So where the bloody hell are you ? Her own reality television series , Being Lara Bingle , premiered on Network Ten in June 2012 , ending after one season .

neg: Lloyd Turner (journalist) Lloyd Turner ( 2 October 1938 -- 12 September 1996 ) was a newspaper editor in the United Kingdom .   Born in Australia , Turner worked on the Newcastle Morning Herald before moving to England to work as a journalist at the Manchester Evening News . He subsequently relocated to London to work on the Daily Express , where he became Father of the Chapel of the newspaper 's National Union of Journalists . During this period , he founded the `` 84 Club '' , a drinking club , with Peter Tory .   After working for many years as chief sub editor of the Express , Turner was appointed editor of its stablemate , the Daily Star . He increased its sales , at the expense of the Daily Mirror , but was sacked in 1987 after being convicted of libelling Jeffrey Archer , by claiming that he had had sex with prostitute Monica Coghlan . Archer was awarded a then-record # 500,000 in damages but , in 2001 , Archer was convicted of perjury and perverting the course of justice at the 1987 trial , and was imprisoned .   Out of journalism , Turner bought a farm and began rearing bulls , but returned to journalism as an assistant editor of Today , serving until the paper closed . He then worked as an advisor to the National Farmers Union on BSE until his death , at which time he was planning to again return to an editorial post , this time on the Daily Mail .

neg: Miranda Otto Miranda Otto ( born 16 December 1967 ) is an Australian actress . The daughter of actors Barry and Lindsay Otto , and the sister of actress Gracie Otto , Brisbane-born Miranda began her acting career at age 18 in 1986 , and has appeared in a variety of independent and major studio films . Otto made her major film debut in Emma 's War , in which she played a teenager who moves to Australia 's bush country during World War II .   After a decade of critically acclaimed roles in Australian films , Otto gained Hollywood 's attention during the 1990s after appearing in supporting roles in the films The Thin Red Line and What Lies Beneath . She played Éowyn in Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings ( film series ) '' The Lord of the Rings The two Towers and The return of the king .

neg: Sophie Sugar Sophie Sugar is a trance musical artist and producer who has established herself as an international DJ . She is currently signed by Armada Music .

neg: Australia's Open Garden Scheme Australia 's Open Garden Scheme was a non-profit organisation that began in Victoria Australia in 1987 but closed its doors in June 2015 due to financial issues . Its aim was to promote the knowledge and pleasure of gardens and gardening across Australia . Under the scheme , private gardens opened for public viewing for one or two weekends a year . About 650 gardens were opened annually across Australia but declining numbers and competition from groups promoting their own events outside of their booklet meant that it was not viable . Each year over 275,000 adults visited open gardens , together with accompanying children . A schedule for openings across Australia was published annually .   Tamie Fraser was President of the Open Garden Scheme .   The scheme grew out of the practice in Victoria of `` grand '' private gardens in the hill country near Melbourne opening occasionally for public viewing for the benefit of charities . However the scheme did not limit itself to large gardens , with many normal-sized suburban gardens , and even tiny inner-city plots , included . Most openings in the southern , temperate zone occurred between October and May , while tropical gardens open during the winter months .   A nominal fee was charged for each viewing . This money was divided with 35 % going to the garden owner or their nominated charity , and 65 % going to the Open Garden Scheme . After funding the scheme operating costs , the remainder was given as grants to community garden projects , with over $ 800,000 in grants being made by the end of 2006 . Additionally garden owners passed on over $ 3.5 million to their nominated charities since the commencement of the scheme .   In 2015 new non-for-profit organisations have spring up to carry on some of the tradition in individual states including Open Gardens SA and Open Gardens Victoria . Both schemes aim to educate and promote the enjoyment , knowledge and benefits of gardens and gardening and are promoting a long list of garden openings from spring through to autumn each year . They have attracted good membership numbers and visitor numbers .  Unfortunately , no Open Gardens Group has formed in Sydney , but an Open Gardens group exists in the Southern Highlands of NSW , and the famous gardens of Mount Wilson are generally available for viewing all year round ; Spring and Autumn are the most popular seasons . Blue Mountains and Mount Wilson open gardens are listed in detail here .   An independent business `` My Open Garden '' also promotes open gardens and gardening events across Australia .  A detailed list of 650 or more Open Gardens in Australia is still being constructed . Open Gardens claimed almost 20,000 gardens were opened because of the Scheme 's development .  A list of 400 Australian Heritage Gardens is now in Wikipedia .  Guide books and web guides to Open Gardens are also published in the UK , and were published in Australia by the ABC . All such lists have now migrated to the web , and are published regularly by Weekend Notes .

neg: Russell Turner Russell William Turner ( born 12 May 1941 ) , an Australian politician , is a councillor of the City of Orange Council , since 2012 . Turner was previously a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Orange between 1996 and 2011 for the Nationals .

neg: Tanya Hosch Tanya Hosch is an Australian social activist . She is a Torres Strait Islander woman who lives in Adelaide , and is the Joint Campaign Director for RECOGNISE , a position she shares with Tim Gartrell .

neg: Sophie Clarke Sophie Georgina Clarke ( born July 10 , 1989 ) is a reality television personality known for competing in and winning Survivor : South Pacific .

neg: Turneraceae Turneraceae Kunth ex DC . -LSB- t3rn@'raysee -RSB- is a family of flowering plants consisting of 120 species in 10 genera . The Cronquist system placed the Turneracids in the order Violales , but it is not currently recognized as a valid family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in the APG III system of 2009 , which includes the taxa in the Turneraceae in the Passifloraceae .

neg: Georgie Stone Georgie Sarah Jean Robertson Stone ( born 20 May 200 in Melbourne , Australia ) is an Australian transgender advocate who has made appearances on shows such as Four Corners , The Project and Australian Story , as well as various radio appearances . At the age of 10 , Stone was the youngest person to receive hormone blockers in Australia and eventually changed the law requiring transgender children and their families having to apply to the Family Court of Australia to access stage one treatment . She continues to advocate for transgender children , specifically in trying to change the law surrounding access to cross-sex hormones without the interference of the Family Court .

neg: Sophie Delezio Sophie Joy Martin Delezio ( born 3 April 2001 ) is an Australian schoolgirl who gained media attention when she was involved in an accident at the Roundhouse Childcare Centre in Fairlight , Sydney , Australia . She suffered third-degree burns to 85 % of her body and was hospitalised for several weeks where she lost both her legs . Delezio is the first daughter of Ron Delezio and Carolyn Martin and the younger sister of Mitchell Delezio and half sister of Catherine Delezio and John Delezio . Her family has since then become major fundraisers and activists for victims who suffered conditions as Sophie 's , and have also assisted in fundraising for the Children 's Hospital at Westmead in Westmead .

neg: Sophie Langham Sophie Langham is an English actress .   She is most famous for playing one half of Walford 's first lesbian couple , in the popular BBC soap opera , EastEnders . Her character , Binnie Roberts , made her first appearance in 1994 and left in 1995 . During her time on the show Langham 's character and her on-screen girlfriend Della Alexander ( Michelle Joseph ) made headlines in the British press when EastEnders screened its first lesbian kiss . EastEnders added to the controversy by making Della and Binnie a mixed-race couple .   Coincidentally , Sophie Langham and Michelle Joseph both attended Rose Bruford College within a year of each other .   Since leaving EastEnders Langham has appeared in episodes of Jonathan Creek ( 1998 ) ; The Bill ( 1997 ; 2001 ) ; Holby City ( 2003 ) and most recently Doctors ( 2004 ) .

neg: Turner Island (Saskatchewan) Turner Island is a small island in Northern Saskatchewan , Canada ; surrounded by Cree Lake .

neg: Katya Kinski Katya Sarah Kinski is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours , played by Dichen Lachman . She made her first on-screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 12 December 2005 . Lachman originally auditioned for the role of Elle Robinson . But producers asked her to play Katya instead . Katya is characterised as a `` bitchy nasty person '' with a `` dark past '' . She arrives in Erinsborough to visit her terminally-ill father Alex ( Andrew Clarke ) before he died . She reunites with her younger siblings Rachel ( Caitlin Stasey ) and Zeke Kinski ( Matthew Werkmeister ) . Katya feuds with Susan Kennedy ( Jackie Woodburne ) and Karl Kennedy ( Alan Fletcher ) over custody of her siblings . Lachman believed that her flawed character disliked Susan to justify her own failings as a sister .   Writers paired her with psychopath character Robert Robinson ( Adam Hunter ) . He planned to murder her , stalked her and kidnapped her . Katya develops posttraumatic stress disorder and her neighbour Max Hoyland ( Stephen Lovatt ) supports her . Katya falls in love with Max but he remains loyal to his wife . Producers introduced Guy Sykes ( Fletcher Humphrys ) to explore her criminal past . Katya participates in car thefts , is blackmailed and shot by Guy . He then tries to attack her with a defibrillator and later holds her hostage . Other storylines include a romance with Ned Parker ( Daniel O'Connor ) and being run over . Lachman left Neighbours in 2006 and Katya 's last appearance was broadcast on 7 February 2007 .

neg: Sophie Wilson Sophie Wilson FRS FREng ( born Roger Wilson in Leeds , England , in 1957 ) is a British computer scientist and software engineer . Wilson designed the Acorn Micro-Computer , the first of a long line of computers sold by Acorn Computers Ltd , including its programming language BBC BASIC . Wilson later designed the instruction set of the ARM processor , which became the de facto model used in 21st-century smartphones .

neg: Thomas Turner (cricketer) Thomas Turner ( 7 March 1865 -- 27 October 1936 ) was an Australian cricketer . He played two first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1887 and 1888 .

neg: Sophie and the Rising Sun (film) Sophie and the Rising Sun is a 2016 American drama film written and directed by Maggie Greenwald . It is based on the 2001 novel Sophie and the Rising Sun by Augusta Trobaugh . The film stars Julianne Nicholson , Takashi Yamaguchi , Margo Martindale , Diane Ladd , Lorraine Toussaint and Karen Wheeling Reynolds . The film was released in theaters on January 25 , 2017 by Monterey Media .


query: Writing is Nat Faxon's profession.

pos: Nat Faxon Nathaniel `` Nat '' Faxon ( born October 11 , 1975 ) is an American actor , comedian and Academy Award-winning screenwriter . Though a frequent presence on comedic films and TV series , he is best known for winning the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for co-writing The Descendants ( 2011 ) and for his starring roles in the FOX comedy series Ben and Kate ( 2012 -- 2013 ) and the FX comedy series Married ( 2014 -- 2015 ) . He also co-wrote and co-directed The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) with writing partner Jim Rash .

neg: Edward Kay (writer) Edward Kay is a Toronto-based screenwriter , story editor and novelist with a background in both live-action and animated television comedy , as well as print journalism .   Kay spent four years as a writer and producer on the political satire , This Hour Has 22 Minutes , before becoming supervising producer of The Itch , a comedy series starring Jason Jones formerly of The Daily Show , and Jessica Holmes . Kay then co-created the animated children 's series , Ollie 's Under-the-Bed Adventures ( later known as Olliver 's Adventures ) and wrote the pilot episode , which won a Gemini Award for Best Animated Program . He has written numerous episodes of Atomic Betty , a television series broadcast in more than 100 countries . With Sean Scott , he is the co-creator of Jimmy Two-Shoes , an animated comedy series that in December 2007 , was put into production by broadcasters Disney XD and Teletoon . He is the co-creator of Finding Stuff Out , a comedy-inflected science show that airs on TVO and Knowledge Network .   Kay 's first novel , a YA sc-fi comedy entitled STAR Academy was released September 15 , 2009 by Random House/Doubleday . The sequel , Dark Secrets , was released on September 13 , 2011 . He subsequently was commissioned by Scholastic Books to write an historical novel about the Battle of the Atlantic , entitled `` Sink and Destroy '' .   His latest novel is a thriller entitled `` At Rope 's End '' , which will be released by New York City based publisher Crooked Lane in January , 2017 .   Kay 's writing for This Hour Has 22 Minutes has garnered him three Gemini Awards , a Canadian Comedy Award , and a Canadian Screenwriting Award . For his work in print journalism he has received two Canadian National Magazine Award Honourable Mentions .

neg: Nat Christian Nat Christian is a writer , director and actor .

neg: New American Writing New American Writing is a once-a-year American literary magazine emphasizing contemporary American poetry , including a range of innovative contemporary writing . The magazine is published in association with San Francisco State University . New American Writing is published by OINK ! Press , a nonprofit organization . The magazine appears in early June each year . First published in 1986 .

neg: Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century .   The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history .   In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' .   Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .

neg: Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars The Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars is an academic program offering undergraduate and graduate degrees in writing in the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences at Johns Hopkins University .   Founded in 1947 , notable faculty of the program have included Edward Albee , John Barth , Madison Smartt Bell , J. M. Coetzee , Mary Jo Salter , Stephen Dixon , Mark Hertsgaard , Brad Leithauser , John Irwin , David Yezzi , J.D. McClatchy , Alice McDermott , Mark Crispin Miller , Wyatt Prunty , David St. John , Mark Strand , and Robert Stone .   Writers Jean McGarry and Mary Jo Salter currently co-chair the program , the reputation of which has risen and fallen over the years . In 1997 , US News and World Report ranked the program second in the United States out of sixty-five eligible full-residency MFA programs , though as the Baltimore City Paper reported , `` What is interesting about the U.S. News rankings is that they are based on reputation -- not test scores , job-placement rates , or student satisfaction . '' In 2011 , Poets & Writers ranked Hopkins seventeenth nationally out of 157 eligible full-residency MFA programs . The long respected Science Writing program was closed down in 2013 as an on-campus program , but was re-established as an online/low residency program shortly thereafter .

neg: Manuscript (publishing) `` Manuscript '' is a broad concept in publishing , that can about one or both :  the formatting of a short story manuscript ,  an accepted manuscript ( by its merit not its format ) , not yet in a final format ( but reviewed ) , published with non-final-format in ahead , as preprint .   A manuscript is the work that an author submits to a publisher , editor , or producer for publication . Even with the advent of desktop publishing , making it possible for anyone to prepare text that appears professionally typeset , many publishers still require authors to submit manuscripts within their respective guidelines .

neg: Joseph Fasano Joseph Fasano ( born 1982 ) is an American poet . Fasano was raised in Goshen , New York , where he attended Goshen Central High School . He earned a BA in philosophy from Harvard University in 2005 and an MFA from Columbia University in 2008 . His poem `` Mahler in New York '' won the 2008 RATTLE Poetry Prize . He has been a finalist for the Missouri Review Editors ' Prize and the Times Literary Supplement Poetry Competition , among other honors . He has taught at SUNY Purchase , Manhattanville College , and Columbia University .   Fasano 's poems have appeared in the Yale Review , the Southern Review , FIELD , Tin House , Boston Review , Measure , Passages North , the American Literary Review , and other publications .   In 2011 , Fasano 's first book , Fugue for Other Hands , won the Cider Press Review Book Award . It was nominated for the Kate Tufts Poetry Award , and it has recently been nominated for the Poets ' Prize , `` awarded annually for the best book of verse published by a living American poet two years prior to the award . '' His second collection of poems , Inheritance , was released in May , 2014 . In 2015 , Fasano published Vincent , a book-length poem based very loosely on the 2008 killing of Tim McLean by Vince Li on a Greyhound Bus near Portage la Prairie , Manitoba , on the Trans Canada Highway .   In 2013 , the literary magazine Polutona released a selection of his poems in Russian translation .

neg: Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles .   Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .

neg: Theatre criticism Theatre criticism is a genre of art criticism , and the act of writing or speaking about the performing arts such as a play or opera .   Some major newspapers cover the arts in some form and theatre criticism may be included as a part of this arts coverage . In the 21st century theatre criticism has grown in online venues , such as e-magazines and blogs , while criticism in newspapers has shrunk . Recent research shows that despite the different medium , online critics may be as trusted as theatre critics who write for newspapers .   Specialist media exists to cover most artistic disciplines , in this field one such publication is The Stage ( see our theatre magazines category for more ) .   As with other forms of criticism it may use its own technical language to convey what the reviewer has seen .

neg: Interactive writing Interactive writing has been described by Swartz ( 2001 ) as `` a teaching method in which children and teacher negotiate what they are going to write and then share the pen to construct the message . '' Interactive writing is a cooperative event in which text is jointly composed and written . The teacher uses the interactive writing session to model reading and writing strategies as he or she engages children in creating text .   Interactive writing was also included by Fountas & Pinnell as part of their balanced literacy framework . Similar to shared writing , interactive writing allows a teacher and students to literally `` share the pen '' to create a joint sentence or message . Typically used in the primary grades , interactive writing is a powerful instructional medium for teaching phonics , spelling principles , rimes , writing conventions , and other key early writing skills . This form of interactive writing is thoroughly explained and detailed in the book Interactive Writing : How Language & Literacy Come Together , K-2 by Andrea McCarrier , Gay Su Pinnell , and Irene Fountas .   Others have described interactive writing differently as a method used in literacy teaching , especially for young children , whereby the students have the opportunity to practice their reading , studying and writing skills in a safe and creative environment .   In this method the teacher ( s ) and students write to each other , by means of letters , dialogue journals or a message board . The students are free to choose the topic and the length of their writings . The teachers respond without correcting or criticising the spelling , grammar or writing style , but rather modelling more appropriate forms of writing .   The aim of this method is to allow children to see literacy as something meaningful and enjoyable , rather than a mind-numbing school activity . The focus is on fluency rather than accuracy . The principle behind it is ` write to learn , not learn to write ' . As such it relates to the learner-centered whole language approach .   The interactive writing method has been described in books such as :   Peyton , Joy Kreeft ( ed . ) ( 1990 ) Students and Teachers Writing Together : Perspectives on Journal Writing .   Robinson , A. , L. Crawford & N. Hall ( 1990 ) some day you will no all about me : Young Children 's Explorations in the World of Letter Writing .   Reference   Swartz , Stanley L. et al. , ( 2001 ) . Interactive editing and interactive writing . Dominie Press/Pearson Learning .   Category : Writing

neg: Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible .   Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best .  In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings .   Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .

neg: History of writing The history of writing is the development of expressing language by letters or other marks , and the study and description of this development .   In the history of how systems of representation of language through graphic means have evolved in different human civilizations , more complete writing systems were preceded by proto-writing , systems of ideographic or early mnemonic symbols . True writing , in which the content of a linguistic utterance is encoded so that another reader can reconstruct , with a fair degree of accuracy , the exact utterance written downwriting usually does not convey the tone of the utterance . is a later development . It is distinguished from proto-writing which typically avoids encoding grammatical words and affixes , making it more difficult or impossible to reconstruct the exact meaning intended by the writer unless a great deal of context is already known in advance . One of the earliest forms of written expression is cuneiform .

neg: Fantasy Amateur Press Association The Fantasy Amateur Press Association or FAPA ( `` FAP-uh '' ) is science fiction fandom 's longest-established amateur press association ( `` apa '' ) . It was founded in 1937 by Donald A. Wollheim and John B. Michel . They were inspired to create FAPA by their memberships in some of the non-science fiction amateur press associations , which they learned about from H. P. Lovecraft . ( It is also fandom 's longest-running organization of any kind , preceding the founding of the runner-up , the National Fantasy Fan Federation , by nearly four years . )   Like other APAs , FAPA is primarily an agency for distributing to its members publications published by its members at their own expense . FAPA has `` mailings '' every three months . Members are required to be active in some way -- writing or publishing -- and produce at least eight pages of activity a year . When needed , there are elections ( in August ) of a secretary-treasurer and official editor . Other officials have included Official Critics , a Laureate Committee , President , Vice-President , and ballot counters . The first two positions were abandoned by the mid-1940s , and in 2009 the positions of President and Vice-President were also eliminated . The President Emeritus is the author Robert Silverberg , who was the last serving President and who has been an active member of FAPA longer than any other current member . When necessary , a teller for the annual officer elections is appointed by the secretary-treasurer .   FAPA 's original constitutional limit was 50 members to accommodate publishers using hectographs . There were 21 members listed on the roster of the first mailing in August 1937 ; it took until the November 1938 mailing to fill the 50-member roster . The membership limit was raised to 65 in 1943 and has remained at that level ever since .   The early years of FAPA were stormy with party politics and sociological feuds ( as recounted in the late Jack Speer 's pioneering fan history , Up to Now ) . In 1947 , Speer reformed the constitution , and the Insurgents quashed the last inactive OE , Elmer Perdue . Since then official troubles have mostly not disturbed FAPA , and red tape has been held to a minimum . The constitution was again revised in 1958 ( also by Speer ) to incorporate amendments , bylaws , and practices adopted since 1947 . Another major revision occurred in 2001 under the oversight of Robert Lichtman ( Secretary-Treasurer since 1986 and still holding that office ) , clarifying and conforming constitutional requirements with actual practice .   During the 1950s and 1960s FAPA was so popular and membership so sought after that the waiting list grew to monumental proportions , for a period of time exceeding the number of membership slots on the FAPA roster . A waiting list fee was instituted to cover the cost of sending the Fantasy Amateur to so many fans awaiting membership , and a requirement that waiting listers periodically acknowledge receipt of the Fantasy Amateur was begun in order to weed out those who lost interest during the long wait . By the '70s the waiting list became much smaller , and in recent years ( since the mid 1990s ) has disappeared altogether . Additionally , the number of members has also shrunk as existing members died or otherwise dropped off the roster . As of May 2016 , there were 23 active participants ( including one joint membership ) .

neg: Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French .   The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .

neg: Do The Write Thing The Do the Write Thing Challenge ( or DtWT ) is a writing program for junior high students organized by the U.S. National Campaign to Stop Violence . Intended to reduce youth violence , the Do the Write Thing Essay Challenge Program began in 1994 as a local program in Washington , D.C. and expanded in 1996 to other cities . According to Dr. Hassan Al-Ebraheem , founder and chairman of the Kuwait-America Foundation , the program has reached over 1.6 million children ( as of July 2013 ) across the country since its foundation .   Aimed at middle school students , one of the program 's primary objectives is to motivate students to make a personal commitment , in writing , to help prevent and reduce youth violence in their home , school , and communities . The students are then asked to address these three questions in an essay for submission :   How has youth violence and drugs affected my life ?  What are the causes of youth violence ?  What can I do about youth violence ?   After this , a panel , of usually volunteers or school staff , reads the essays and chooses `` school finalists '' . These `` school finalists '' continue on to a broader selection that is citywide . Each year , two finalists from each city -- one boy and one girl -- along with their teacher and parent , are honored at a national recognition ceremony in Washington , DC . While in Washington , DC , the DTWT National Ambassadors visit the United States Library of Congress , The United States Supreme Court , the United States Capitol and the Kuwait Embassy . Their essays are published in one volume , which is then presented to the Library of Congress .   The Challenge is the idea of Daniel Q. Callister , a Washington lawyer who says its purpose is four-fold : to provide children who have experienced or seen violence with a cathartic experience ; to give them motivation to change their behavior ; to be an education experience for teachers and the community ; and to get adults to help solve the problem .   Sponsors of `` Do the Write Thing '' include :  Kuwait America Foundation  Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science  Annenberg Foundation  Criminal Justice Division of the Governor 's Office in Texas  Marriott International  Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development  Southwest Airlines  Athletes for Hope  America 's Promise Alliance  Communities in Schools  Greater Washington Urban League , Inc. .  Harlem Globetrotters  National Counsel of Juvenile and Family Court Judges  United States National Guard

neg: Guy Fawkes (novel) Guy Fawkes first appeared as a serial in Bentley 's Miscellany , between January and November 1840 . It was subsequently published as a three-volume set in July 1841 , with illustrations by George Cruikshank . The first of William Harrison Ainsworth 's seven `` Lancashire novels '' , the story is based on the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 , an unsuccessful attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament . Ainsworth relied heavily on historical documents describing the trial and execution of the conspirators , of whom Fawkes was one , but he also embellished the known facts . He invented the character of Viviana Radcliffe , daughter of the prominent Radcliffe family of Ordsall Hallwho becomes Fawkes 's wifeand introduced supernatural elements into the story , such as the ability of the alchemist , John Dee , to raise the spirits of the dead .   The novel 's themes deal with British politics and history , focusing on the events surrounding the 1605 plot to destroy Parliament . Ainsworth also introduced gothic elements , to add a terrifying component to the work . The novel was very popular , and marked the beginning of Ainsworth 's 40-year career in historical romances , but it was not universally admired . Edgar Allan Poe described the style of writing as `` turgid pretension '' .

neg: Literature of England The literature of England is literature written in what is now England , or by English writers . It consists mainly of English literature - i.e. literature written in the English language - but there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages .

neg: Nick Hornby Nicholas Peter John `` Nick '' Hornby ( born 17 April 1957 ) is an English novelist , essayist , lyricist , and screenwriter . He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch and novels High Fidelity and About a Boy '' , all of which were adapted into feature films . Hornby 's work frequently touches upon music , sport , and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists . His books have sold more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2013 . In a 2004 poll for the BBC , Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture .

neg: American poetry american ' poetry '' ' , the poetry of the United States , arose first as efforts by colonists to add their voices to English poetry in the 17th century , well before the constitutional unification of the thirteen colonies ( although before this unification , a strong oral tradition often likened to poetry existed among Native American societies ) . Unsurprisingly , most of the early colonists ' work relied on contemporary British models of poetic form , diction , and theme . However , in the 19th century , a distinctive American idiom began to emerge . By the later part of that century , when Walt Whitman was winning an enthusiastic audience abroad , poets from the United States had begun to take their place at the forefront of the English-language avant-garde '' .   The history of American poetry is not easy to know . Much of the American poetry published between 1910 and 1945 remains lost in the pages of small circulation political periodicals , particularly the ones on the far left , destroyed by librarians during the 1950s McCarthy era . The received narrative of Modernism proposes that Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot were perhaps the most influential modernist English-language poets in the period during World War I . But this narrative leaves out African American and women poets who were published and read widely in the first half of the twentieth century . By the 1960s , the young poets of the British Poetry Revival looked to their American contemporaries and predecessors as models for the kind of poetry they wanted to write . Toward the end of the millennium , consideration of American poetry had diversified , as scholars placed an increased emphasis on poetry by women , African Americans , Hispanics , Chicanos and other cultural groupings .

neg: Nathaniel Crouch Nathaniel Crouch ( born c. 1632 ) was an English printer and bookseller , and under the pseudonym Richard Burton ( or R.B. ) wrote historical books as well . As a historian , he is considered a hack , borrowing material from other books and rewriting them under his pseudonym , then publishing and marketing them under the Crouch imprint . Though he was the type of writer/publisher denounced in the following century by writers such as Samuel Butler ( Prose Observations ) and Alexander Pope ( The Dunciad ) , more recent assessments of his life and career see him as an important figure in the development of historiography , especially in the popularization of a hitherto high-culture genre of discourse .   Around the date September 30 , 1681 , an unlikely forerunner of Readers ' Digest , called Historical Rarities in London and Westminster was first published by Crouch . Robert Chambers ' Book of Days ( 1864 ) elaborated :   `` With probably little education , but something of a natural gift for writing , Crouch had the sagacity to see that the works of the learned , from their form and price , were kept within a narrow circle of readers , while there was a vast multitude outside who were able and willing to read , provided that a literature suited to their means and capacities was supplied to them . He accordingly set himself the task of transfusing large and pompous books into a series of small , cheap volumes , modestly concealing his authorship under his nom de plume . Thus , he produced Surprising Miracles of Nature and Art , and many other treatises on very plain paper , and sold -LSB- them -RSB- at an exceedingly reasonable rate . His enterprise and diligence were rewarded by large sales and considerable wealth . ''


query: Glee has never been released on DVD.

pos: Glee (TV series) Glee is an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19 , 2009 , to March 20 , 2015 . It focuses on the fictitious William McKinley High School glee club , New Directions , which competes on the show choir competition circuit while its disparate members deal with social issues , especially regarding sexuality and race , relationships , and learning to become an effective team . The initial twelve-member cast included club director and Spanish teacher Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester ( Jane Lynch ) , guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury ( Jayma Mays ) , Will 's wife Terri ( Jessalyn Gilsig ) , and eight club members played by Dianna Agron , Chris Colfer , Kevin McHale , Lea Michele , Cory Monteith , Amber Riley , Mark Salling , and Jenna Ushkowitz . In subsequent seasons , the main cast has expanded to fourteen and fifteen members .   The series was created by Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk , and Ian Brennan , the latter of whom first conceived of Glee as a film . The three wrote all of the show 's episodes for the first two seasons , and Murphy and Falchuk initially served as the show 's main directors . The pilot episode was broadcast on May 19 , 2009 , and the first season aired from September 9 , 2009 , to June 8 , 2010 . Subsequent seasons aired in September through May . The sixth and final season aired from January to March 2015 . Glee features on-screen performance-based musical numbers that were selected by Murphy , who aimed to maintain a balance between show tunes and chart hits , and produced by Adam Anders and Peer Åström . Songs covered in the show were released through the iTunes Store during the week of broadcast , and a series of Glee albums have been released by Columbia Records . The music of Glee has been a commercial success , with over thirty-six million digital single sales and eleven million album sales worldwide through October 2011 . The series ' merchandise also includes DVD and Blu-ray releases , an iPad application , and karaoke games for the Wii . There were live concert tours by the show 's cast after the first and second seasons completed shooting ; a concert film based on the 2011 tour , Glee : The 3D Concert Movie , was produced by Murphy and Fox and directed by Kevin Tancharoen .   During its first season , Glee received generally favorable reviews from critics , with Metacritic 's weighted average of 77 out of 100 based on eighteen critical reviews . The season was nominated for nineteen Emmy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , six Satellite Awards and fifty-seven other awards , with wins including the 2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy , and Emmy awards for Jane Lynch , guest-star Neil Patrick Harris and Murphy 's direction of the pilot episode . In 2011 , the show once again won the Golden Globe for Best Television Series , and Jane Lynch and Chris Colfer won Golden Globes for Best Supporting Actress and Best Supporting Actor respectively , and Gwyneth Paltrow won the Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series . The show was also chosen by Fox to fill the coveted time slot that followed the network 's coverage of Super Bowl XLV in 2011 .   On October 17 , 2013 , in the wake of the death of Cory Monteith three months prior , and one week after his tribute episode `` The Quarterback '' aired , Murphy announced that the sixth season would be the final one of the series . After 121 episodes and over 728 music performances , Glee came to an end on March 20 , 2015 .

neg: A Katy or a Gaga `` A Katy or a Gaga '' is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-second episode overall . It was written by executive producers Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner , and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 7 , 2013 . The episode features the music of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga , the debut of guest star Adam Lambert as Elliott `` Starchild '' Gilbert , and the return of special guest star Demi Lovato as Dani , Santana 's ( Naya Rivera ) girlfriend .   In this episode , the glee club is challenged to perform music from either Katy Perry or Lady Gaga , whichever performer they have the least affinity for , to stretch their boundaries . Kurt decides to form a band , and is resistant to the idea that he should include Starchild in it following a highly flamboyant yet excellent audition .   The episode was watched by 4.01 million viewers , and received mixed reviews from critics .

neg: Child Star (Glee) `` Child Star '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the 117th overall . The episode was written by Ned Martel , directed by supervising producer Michael Hitchcock , and first aired on February 27 , 2015 on Fox in the United States .   The episode takes place as New Directions are hired by a young boy to perform at his bar mitzvah party , but he turns out to cause all sorts of problems . Meanwhile , Mason McCarthy is developing feelings for Jane Hayward but runs into issues with his sister Madison McCarthy , and Roderick helps Spencer Porter to begin a new relationship .

neg: Glee, Actually `` Glee , Actually '' is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the seventy-sixth episode overall as well as the show 's third Christmas-themed episode . Written by Matthew Hodgson and directed by Adam Shankman , it aired on Fox in the United States on December 13 , 2012 .   The episode garnered mixed reviews from critics ; and was watched by 5.26 million viewers , receiving an 18-49 rating of 2.0 .

neg: List of songs in Smash Smash is an American musical series that premiered on NBC , Monday , February 6 , 2012 .   It was announced on June 9 , 2011 , that NBC had signed a deal with Columbia Records for a soundtrack of the series . The deal gave Columbia world-wide , digital and physical rights to the first season , with options to subsequent seasons . The deal included both original songs written for the series and any covers of songs featured on the show .   By the end of the first season , 36 studio recordings of the show 's musical performances were released , 31 of them on iTunes and five with the deluxe edition of the first season soundtrack .   The first season soundtrack , The Music of Smash , was released on May 1 , 2012 . A deluxe edition , with additional songs , was available exclusively from Target until early 2013 .   A second soundtrack album from the show , Bombshell , which serves as the `` cast album '' for Bombshell , the main show-within-the-show , was released on February 12 , 2013 , in standard and deluxe versions , the latter again exclusively from Target .   A third soundtrack album , The Music of Smash : The Complete Season 1 , was released digitally exclusively by iTunes on May 21 , 2013 . It consists of 36 songs that had been previously released for Season 1 , either as singles or on the previous soundtrack albums , including the deluxe Target edition of The Music of Smash ( which is currently out of print ) .   A fourth soundtrack album , The Music of Smash : The Complete Season 2 , was released digitally exclusively by iTunes on May 21 , 2013 . It consists of 51 songs from the second season , including three that had n't previously been released during the season .

neg: Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl .   The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .

neg: Glee Club (British politics) The Glee Club is a traditional event in the Liberal Assembly and UK Liberal Democrat party conference , consisting of attendees singing around a piano . It is one of the most popular fringe events in British politics and was a formative event in the lives of many British political leaders , allegedly Michael Foot amongst them . Although the Glee Club has informally existed for many years , in 1967 the first songbook ( entitled After the Count was Over ) was published by the National League of Young Liberals . Songbooks have been produced since the 1975 by Liberator , and in 2009 the 20th edition of the Liberator Songbook was published -- the 27th songbook in its publishing history .   It is often combined with the Liberal Revue , a series of sketches consisting mostly of in-jokes and irreverent takes on political matters .

neg: Choke (Glee) `` Choke '' is the eighteenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-second overall . Written by Marti Noxon and directed by Michael Uppendahl , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on May 1 , 2012 , and features the first appearance of special guest star Whoopi Goldberg as Carmen Tibideaux , Dean of the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts ( NYADA ) , and the introduction of Puck 's father ( Thomas Calabro ) .   Upon its initial airing , Choke attracted 6.01 million American viewers and received a 2.5 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , down significantly from the 2.7 / 8 rating/share and 6.90 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Dance with Somebody '' , which was broadcast a week before .

neg: Movin' Out (Glee) `` Movin ' Out '' is the sixth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-fourth episode overall . It was written by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa  and directed by Brad Falchuk , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 21 , 2013 . The episode is a tribute to the music of Billy Joel , and features seven of his songs . The episode features special guest star Tyra Banks as Bichette , the head of a modeling agency .

neg: Pretending (Glee song) Pretending is an original song from the second season of the American musical comedy-drama Glee , entitled New York . The episode included two other original songs : `` As Long as You 're There '' and `` Light Up the World . the song was featured on the show 's Volume 6 soundtrack .   The song was written by Adam Anders , Peer Astrom and Shelly Peiken .

neg: List of Fairy Tail episodes (season 1) The first season of the Fairy Tail anime series was directed by Shinji Ishihira and produced by A-1 Pictures and Satelight . It follows the first adventures of Natsu Dragneel and Lucy Heartfilia of the fictional guild , Fairy Tail . The season adapts the first 16 volumes of Hiro Mashima 's Fairy Tail manga series . Natsu befriends Lucy who joins the titular guild and later goes on missions with her to earn money along with fellow wizards Gray Fullbuster and Erza Scarlet , as well as Natsu 's flying cat Happy . The five go on a forbidden S-Class mission with Gray and Erza to save Galuna Island and fight Gray 's rival Lyon Vastia . Shortly after , the guildhall is attacked by their rival guild Phantom Lord , leading into a guild war . After the dissolution of Phantom Lord , the group learns of Erza 's past as a slave in the Tower of Heaven and confront Jellal Fernandez to destroy the tower . Lastly , once back at Fairy Tail , Natsu and the others face Laxus Dreyar and the Raijin Tribe as they stage a coup in Fairy Tail .   The season initially ran from October 12 , 2009 to September 27 , 2010 on TV Tokyo in Japan . It was later released on DVD in 12 compilations , each containing four episodes , by Pony Canyon between January 29 and December 24 , 2010 . Crunchyroll streamed the whole season 's episode subtitled in English for free on its website . The season 's episodes were streamed as a simulcast , only one hour after they aired on TV Tokyo in Japan . The season was licensed by Animax Asia for a Southeast Asian broadcast . Their adaptation aired from September 30 , 2010 to December 6 , 2011 . DVDs of their adaptations were not released . In 2011 , Funimation Entertainment licensed the series for an English DVD release in North America . The season was released in four compilations between November 22 , 2011 and March 20 , 2012 . The series also began airing on the Funimation Channel in North America beginning on November 22 , 2011 .   The season makes use of eight pieces of theme music : four opening themes and four ending themes . The opening themes are `` Snow Fairy '' , performed by Funkist for episodes 1 to 11 , by Idoling !!! for episodes 12 to 24 , `` Ft. '' performed by Funkist for episodes 25 to 35 , and `` R.P.G. ( Rockin ' Playing Game ) '' performed by Sug for the remainder of the season . The ending themes respectively used with the opening themes are performed by Watarirouka Hashiritai , by Onelifecrew , performed by Shiho Nanba , and by Mikuni Shimokawa .  __ TOC __

neg: The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition .   The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) .   Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 .   The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .

neg: Never Again (The X-Files) `` Never Again '' is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It was written by producers Glen Morgan and James Wong , and directed by Rob Bowman . The episode aired in the United States on February 2 , 1997 on the Fox network and in the United Kingdom on BBC One on December 3 , 1997 . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 13 and was viewed by 21.36 million viewers . It received mostly positive reviews from television critics .   The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) and Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Scully leaves town -- and Mulder -- for a solo assignment . She soon meets Ed Jerse , a man who is being mentally controlled by a drug-related side effect of his tattoo . His tattoo , affectionately named Betty , does not want to share him , especially not with Scully .   Although `` Never Again '' was directed by Bowman , it was originally scheduled to be directed by noted movie director Quentin Tarantino . Tarantino was unable to direct the entry due to a dispute with the Directors Guild of America . Gillian Anderson was particularly pleased with the episode showing a different side of Scully ; she had specifically asked Morgan and Wong to write an episode that explored Scully 's dark side . Several cast members from Morgan and Wong 's series Space : Above and Beyond were cast in the episode .

neg: Supernatural (season 2) The second season of Supernatural , an American fantasy horror television series created by Eric Kripke , premiered on September 28 , 2006 , and concluded on May 17 , 2007 , airing 22 episodes . The season focuses on protagonists Sam ( Jared Padalecki ) and Dean Winchester ( Jensen Ackles ) as they track down Azazel , the demon responsible for the deaths of their mother Mary and father John . They attempt to discover the demon 's plan for Sam and other psychic children -- young adults who were visited by Azazel as infants and given abilities , and whose mothers often then died in a fire . During their travels , they use their father 's journal to help them carry on the family business -- saving people and hunting supernatural creatures .   The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States , and was the first season to air on The CW television network , a joint venture of The WB and UPN . The previous season was broadcast on The WB . It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers , and was in danger of not being renewed . The cast and crew garnered many award nominations , but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics . While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and the decision to finish the main storyline were praised , the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized .   The season was internationally syndicated , airing in the United Kingdom on ITV , in Canada on Citytv and SPACE , and in Australia on Network Ten . It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11 , 2007 , by Warner Home Video in Region 1 . Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2 , the complete set was released October 29 , 2007 , and in Region 4 October 3 , 2007 . The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as Apple 's iTunes Store , Microsoft 's Xbox Live Marketplace , and Amazon.com 's on-demand TV service .

neg: Glee: The Music, Volume 7 Glee : The Music , Volume 7 is the eleventh soundtrack album by the cast of the American musical television series Glee . It was released by Columbia Records on December 6 , 2011 .

neg: List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) .   Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .

neg: I Should've Never Let You Go `` I Should 've Never Let You Go '' is a pop song by Australian female group Bardot , and was the second single from their debut album Bardot ( 2000 ) . It was co-written by Lotti Golden , Hinda Hicks and Tommy Faragher and produced by Tommy Faragher .   This mid-tempo , soulful song was dominated by Katie Underwood who provided most of the main vocals , with Sophie Monk 's high-pitched and off-key backing vocals providing harmonies throughout the track . Bardot did not perform the song after Underwood 's mid-2001 departure for this reason . The single debuted at number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart , peaking one place higher at number 14 and was certified gold . It was the 96th highest selling single in Australia for 2000 . The single was a number 1 hit for Bardot in Singapore , but only spent three weeks in the New Zealand Top 40 , peaking at number 25 .   The B-side `` Do It for Love '' is a cover version of a 1992 single by Dannielle Gaha , written by Paul Gray ( ex-Wa Wa Nee ) and R. Feldman . It was also recorded in Chinese by Prudence Liew as `` Bei Ni Zong Huai '' in 1993 .   The music video is semi-animated . It features the group in a recording studio flying through space before transforming into animated superheroes whose mission must defeat a giant green monster . In the end , they succeed , and once their mission is complete , return to their real-life selves . Bardot 's then-manager Michael Napthali , makes a small cameo , rounding up the girls back into the recording studio before the end of the song .

neg: Brian Gleeson (actor) Brian Gleeson ( -LSB- ˈɡliːsən -RSB- born 14 November 1987 ) is an Irish actor .  In 2011 Gleeson received an Irish Film and Television Awards nomination for best supporting role on television for Love/Hate .

neg: The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 .   In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 .   February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California .   This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .

neg: Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .

neg: A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge .   The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman .   Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks .   The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .