query: Lightning rods are all made of conductive materials, like copper.

pos: Lightning rod A lightning rod ( US , AUS ) or lightning conductor ( UK ) is a metal rod mounted on a structure and intended to protect the structure from a lightning strike . If lightning hits the structure , it will preferentially strike the rod and be conducted to ground through a wire , instead of passing through the structure , where it could start a fire or cause electrocution . Lightning rods are also called finials , air terminals or strike termination devices .   In a lightning protection system , a lightning rod is a single component of the system . The lightning rod requires a connection to earth to perform its protective function . Lightning rods come in many different forms , including hollow , solid , pointed , rounded , flat strips or even bristle brush-like . The main attribute common to all lightning rods is that they are all made of conductive materials , such as copper and aluminum . Copper and its alloys are the most common materials used in lightning protection .

neg: Hot-dip galvanization Hot-dip galvanization is a form of galvanization . It is the process of coating iron and steel with zinc , which alloys with the surface of the base metal when immersing the metal in a bath of molten zinc at a temperature of around 840 F . When exposed to the atmosphere , the pure zinc ( Zn ) reacts with oxygen ( O2 ) to form zinc oxide ( ZnO ) , which further reacts with carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) to form zinc carbonate ( ZnCO3 ) , a usually dull grey , fairly strong material that protects the steel underneath from further corrosion in many circumstances . Galvanized steel is widely used in applications where corrosion resistance is needed without the cost of stainless steel , and is considered superior in terms of cost and life-cycle . It can be identified by the crystallization patterning on the surface ( often called a `` spangle '' ) .   Galvanized steel can be welded ; however , one must exercise caution around the resulting toxic zinc fumes . Galvanized steel is suitable for high-temperature applications of up to 392 F  . The use of galvanized steel at temperatures above this will result in peeling of the zinc at the inter metallic layer  . Electrogalvanized sheet steel is often used in automotive manufacturing to enhance the corrosion performance of exterior body panels ; this is , however , a completely different process which tends to achieve lower coating thicknesses of zinc .   Like other corrosion protection systems , galvanizing protects steel by acting as a barrier between steel and the atmosphere . However , zinc is a more electropositive ( active ) metal in comparison to steel . This is a unique characteristic for galvanizing , which means that when a galvanized coating is damaged and steel is exposed to the atmosphere , zinc can continue to protect steel through galvanic corrosion ( often within an annulus of 5 mm , above which electron transfer rate decreases ) .

neg: Surge arrester A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical equipment from over-voltage transients caused by external ( lightning ) or internal ( switching ) events . Also called a surge protection device ( SPD ) or transient voltage surge suppressor ( TVSS ) , this class of device is used to protect equipment in power transmission and distribution systems . ( For consumer equipment protection , different products called surge protectors are used . ) The energy criterion for various insulation material can be compared by impulse ratio , the surge arrester should have a low impulse ratio , so that a surge incident on the surge arrester may be bypassed to the ground instead of passing through the apparatus .   To protect a unit of equipment from transients occurring on an attached conductor , a surge arrester is connected to the conductor just before it enters the equipment . The surge arrester is also connected to ground and functions by routing energy from an over-voltage transient to ground if one occurs , while isolating the conductor from ground at normal operating voltages . This is usually achieved through use of a varistor , which has substantially different resistances at different voltages .   Surge arresters are not generally designed to protect against a direct lightning strike to a conductor , but rather against electrical transients resulting from lightning strikes occurring in the vicinity of the conductor .  Lightning which strikes the earth results in ground currents which can pass over buried conductors and induce a transient that propagates outward towards the ends of the conductor . The same kind of induction happens in overhead and above ground conductors which experience the passing energy of an atmospheric EMP caused by the lightning flash . Surge arresters only protect against induced transients characteristic of a lightning discharge 's rapid rise-time and will not protect against electrification caused by a direct strike to the conductor . Transients similar to lightning-induced , such as from a high voltage system 's fault switching , may also be safely diverted to ground ; however , continuous overcurrents are not protected against by these devices . The energy in a handled transient is substantially less than that of a lightning discharge ; however it is still of sufficient quantity to cause equipment damage and often requires protection .   Without very thick insulation , which is generally cost prohibitive , most conductors running more than a minimal distance , say greater than about 50 feet , will experience lightning-induced transients at some time during use . Because the transient is usually initiated at some point between the two ends of the conductor , most applications install a surge arrester just before the conductor lands in each piece of equipment to be protected . Each conductor must be protected , as each will have its own transient induced , and each SPD must provide a pathway to earth to safely divert the transient away from the protected component . The one notable exception where they are not installed at both ends is in high voltage distribution systems . In general , the induced voltage is not sufficient to do damage at the electric generation end of the lines ; however , installation at the service entrance to a building is key to protecting downstream products that are not as robust .

neg: Galvanic anode A galvanic anode is the main component of a galvanic cathodic protection ( CP ) system used to protect buried or submerged metal structures from corrosion .   They are made from a metal alloy with a more `` active '' voltage ( more negative reduction potential / more positive electrochemical potential ) than the metal of the structure . The difference in potential between the two metals means that the galvanic anode corrodes , so that the anode material is consumed in preference to the structure .   The loss ( or sacrifice ) of the anode material gives rise to the alternative name of sacrificial anode .

neg: Optoelectric nuclear battery An opto-electric nuclear battery is a device that converts nuclear energy into light , which it then uses to generate electrical energy . A beta-emitter such as technetium-99 or strontium-90 is suspended in a gas or liquid containing luminescent gas molecules of the excimer type , constituting a `` dust plasma . '' This permits a nearly lossless emission of beta electrons from the emitting dust particles . The electrons then excite the gases whose excimer line is selected for the conversion of the radioactivity into a surrounding photovoltaic layer such that a lightweight , low-pressure , high-efficiency battery can be realised . These nuclides are relatively low-cost radioactive waste from nuclear power reactors . The diameter of the dust particles is so small ( a few micrometers ) that the electrons from the beta decay leave the dust particles nearly without loss . The surrounding weakly ionized plasma consists of gases or gas mixtures ( such as krypton , argon , and xenon ) with excimer lines such that a considerable amount of the energy of the beta electrons is converted into this light . The surrounding walls contain photovoltaic layers with wide forbidden zones as e.g. diamond which convert the optical energy generated from the radiation into electrical energy .   The technology was developed by researchers of the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow .

neg: Spot welding Resistance spot welding ( RSW ) is a process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current .   Work-pieces are held together under pressure exerted by electrodes . Typically the sheets are in the 0.5 to thickness range . The process uses two shaped copper alloy electrodes to concentrate welding current into a small `` spot '' and to simultaneously clamp the sheets together . Forcing a large current through the spot will melt the metal and form the weld . The attractive feature of spot welding is that a lot of energy can be delivered to the spot in a very short time ( approximately 10 -- 100 milliseconds ) . That permits the welding to occur without excessive heating of the remainder of the sheet .   The amount of heat ( energy ) delivered to the spot is determined by the resistance between the electrodes and the magnitude and duration of the current . The amount of energy is chosen to match the sheet 's material properties , its thickness , and type of electrodes . Applying too little energy will not melt the metal or will make a poor weld . Applying too much energy will melt too much metal , eject molten material , and make a hole rather than a weld . Another feature of spot welding is that the energy delivered to the spot can be controlled to produce reliable welds .   is a modification of spot welding . In this process , the weld is localized by means of raised sections , or projections , on one or both of the workpieces to be joined . Heat is concentrated at the projections , which permits the welding of heavier sections or the closer spacing of welds . The projections can also serve as a means of positioning the workpieces . Projection welding is often used to weld studs , nuts , and other screw machine parts to metal plate . It is also frequently used to join crossed wires and bars . This is another high-production process , and multiple projection welds can be arranged by suitable designing and jigging .

neg: Heating film Heating films are one of the technics used for modern underfloor heating .

neg: Polydioctylfluorene Polydioctylfluorene ( PFO ) is an organic compound , a polymer of 9,9-dioctylfluorene , with formula ( C13H6 ( C8H17 ) 2 ) n . It is an electroluminescent conductive polymer that characteristically emits blue light . Like other polyfluorene polymers , it has been studied as a possible material for light-emitting diodes

neg: Copper alloys in aquaculture Copper alloys are important netting materials in aquaculture ( the farming of aquatic organisms including fish farming ) . Various other materials including nylon , polyester , polypropylene , polyethylene , plastic-coated welded wire , rubber , patented twine products ( Spectra , Dyneema ) , and galvanized steel are also used for netting in aquaculture fish enclosures around the world . All of these materials are selected for a variety of reasons , including design feasibility , material strength , cost , and corrosion resistance .   What sets copper alloys apart from the other materials used in fish farming is that copper alloys are antimicrobial , that is , they destroy bacteria , viruses , fungi , algae , and other microbes . ( For information about the antimicrobial properties of copper and its alloys , see Antimicrobial properties of copper and Antimicrobial copper alloy touch surfaces ) .   In the marine environment , the antimicrobial/algaecidal properties of copper alloys prevent biofouling , which can briefly be described as the undesirable accumulation , adhesion , and growth of microorganisms , plants , algae , tube worms , barnacles , mollusks , and other organisms on man-made marine structures . By inhibiting microbial growth , copper alloy aquaculture pens avoid the need for costly net changes that are necessary with other materials . The resistance of organism growth on copper alloy nets also provides a cleaner and healthier environment for farmed fish to grow and thrive .   In addition to their antifouling benefits , copper alloys have strong structural and corrosion-resistant properties in marine environments .   It is the combination of all of these properties -- antifouling , high strength , and corrosion resistance -- that has made copper alloys a desirable material for such marine applications as condenser tubing , water intake screens , ship hulls , offshore structure , and sheathing . In the past 25 years or so , the benefits of copper alloys have caught the attention of the marine aquaculture industry . The industry is now actively deploying copper alloy netting and structural materials in commercial large-scale fish farming operations around the world .

neg: Vacuum arc A vacuum arc can arise when the surfaces of metal electrodes in contact with a good vacuum begin to emit electrons either through heating ( thermionic emission ) or via an electric field that is sufficient to cause field electron emission . Once initiated , a vacuum arc can persist since the freed particles gain kinetic energy from the electric field , heating the metal surfaces through high speed particle collisions . This process can create an incandescent cathode spot which frees more particles , thereby sustaining the arc . At sufficiently high currents an incandescent anode spot may also be formed .   Electrical discharge in vacuum is important for certain types of vacuum tubes and for high voltage vacuum switches .   The thermionic vacuum arc ( TVA ) is a new type of plasma source , which generates a plasma containing ions with a directed energy . TVA discharges can be ignited in high vacuum conditions between a heated cathode ( electron gun ) and an anode ( tungsten crucible ) containing the material . The accelerated electron beam , incident on the anode , heats the crucible , together with its contents , to a high temperature . After establishing a steady-state density of the evaporating anode material atoms , and when the voltage applied is high enough , a bright discharge is ignited between the electrodes .

neg: Kondo effect In physics , the Kondo effect describes the scattering of conduction electrons in a metal due to magnetic impurities , resulting in a characteristic change in electrical resistivity with temperature .   The effect was first described by Jun Kondo , who applied third-order perturbation theory to the problem , which predicted that the scattering rate of conduction electrons of the magnetic impurity should diverge as the temperature approaches 0 K . The temperature dependence of the resistivity including the Kondo effect is written as :   where ρ0 is the residual resistance , aT2 shows the contribution from the Fermi liquid properties , and the term bT5 is from the lattice vibrations ; a , b and cm are constants . Jun Kondo derived the third term of the logarithmic dependence .  Later calculations refined this result to produce a finite resistivity but retained the feature of a resistance minimum at a non-zero temperature . One defines the Kondo temperature as the energy scale limiting the validity of the Kondo results . The Anderson impurity model and accompanying renormalization theory were an important contribution to understanding the underlying physics of the problem .   The Kondo effect can be considered as an example of asymptotic freedom , i.e. a situation where the coupling becomes non-perturbatively strong at low temperatures and low energies . In the Kondo problem , the coupling refers to the interaction between the localized magnetic impurities and the itinerant electrons .   Extended to a lattice of magnetic impurities , the Kondo effect likely explains the formation of heavy fermions and Kondo insulators in intermetallic compounds , especially those involving rare earth elements like cerium , praseodymium , and ytterbium , and actinide elements like uranium . In heavy fermion materials , the nonperturbative growth of the interaction leads to quasi-electrons with masses up to thousands of times the free electron mass , i.e. , the electrons are dramatically slowed by the interactions . In a number of instances they actually are superconductors . More recently , it is believed that a manifestation of the Kondo effect is necessary for understanding the unusual metallic delta-phase of plutonium .   More recently the Kondo effect has been observed in quantum dot systems . In such systems , a quantum dot with at least one unpaired electron behaves as a magnetic impurity , and when the dot is coupled to a metallic conduction band , the conduction electrons can scatter off the dot . This is completely analogous to the more traditional case of a magnetic impurity in a metal .   In 2012 , Beri and Cooper proposed a topological Kondo effect could be found with Majorana fermions , while it has been shown that quantum simulations with ultracold atoms may also demonstrate the effect .

neg: Bridgewire A bridgewire , sometimes spelled as bridge wire , also known as a hot bridge wire ( HBW ) is a relatively thin resistance wire used to set off a pyrotechnic composition serving as pyrotechnic initiator . By passing of electric current it is heated to a high temperature that starts the exothermic chemical reaction of the attached composition . After successful firing , the bridgewire melts , resulting in an open circuit .   Usually a thin nichrome wire is used . Some applications also use platinum-silver alloy ; other bridgewire materials in use are platinum , gold , silver , tungsten , etc. . Care has to be taken when selecting the material as it is in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition and should not undergo corrosion in such conditions . Another material , able to actively release chemical energy , is Pyrofuze , aluminium wire clad with palladium ; when being heated it undergoes strongly exothermic reaction as the molten metals form an alloy . A variant with the same function consists of laminated thin alternate layers of aluminium and nickel . Carbon bridge is a thin spot of colloidal graphite used as the bridgewire . Some variants use a conductive pyrotechnic composition as the resistive material . In amateur rocketry , grossly overloaded low wattage metal film resistors and 0805 Surface-mount technology resistors are also used .   A shallow notch cut into the center of the bridgewire promotes gross localized overheating instead of homogeneous heating of the entire bridgewire . This may improve the bridgewire performance in some applications .   Bridgewires are used in diverse applications ; to trigger detonators , electric matches , squibs , electric blasting caps , pyrotechnic fasteners , and more . Bridgewires dipped in a suitable pyrotechnic composition ( pyrogen ) are known as electric matches . Pyrogens with content of magnesium allow reaching very high combustion temperatures .   Devices using bridgewires , whether for initiating an explosion ( `` electroexplosive '' ) or for nonexplosive purposes , are called bridge wire actuated devices ( BWAD ) .   Bridgewires , especially connected to longer cables , may be susceptible to initiation by currents induced by external electromagnetic fields .   By passing an extremely high amount of electric current through the bridgewire , it gets rapidly vaporized , causing a small explosion . This is exploited in exploding-bridgewire detonators ( EBWs ) , used for very safe and highly precise initiation of explosives , e.g. in nuclear weapons .

neg: Hydraulic analogy The electronic -- hydraulic analogy ( derisively referred to as the drain-pipe theory by Oliver Lodge ) is the most widely used analogy for `` electron fluid '' in a metal conductor . Since electric current is invisible and the processes at play in electronics are often difficult to demonstrate , the various electronic components are represented by hydraulic equivalents . Electricity ( as well as heat ) was originally understood to be a kind of fluid , and the names of certain electric quantities ( such as current ) are derived from hydraulic equivalents . As with all analogies , it demands an intuitive and competent understanding of the baseline paradigms ( electronics and hydraulics ) .

neg: Field emission gun A field emission gun is a type of electron gun in which a sharply pointed Müller-type emitter is held at several kilovolts negative potential relative to a nearby electrode , so that there is sufficient potential gradient at the emitter surface to cause field electron emission . Emitters are either of cold-cathode type , usually made of single crystal tungsten sharpened to a tip radius of about 100 nm , or of the Schottky type , in which thermionic emission is enhanced by barrier lowering in the presence of a high electric field . Schottky emitters are made by coating a tungsten tip with a layer of zirconium oxide , which has the unusual property of increasing in electrical conductivity at high temperature .   In electron microscopes , a field emission gun is used to produce an electron beam that is smaller in diameter , more coherent and with up to three orders of magnitude greater current density or brightness than can be achieved with conventional thermionic emitters such as tungsten or lanthanum hexaboride - tipped filaments . The result in both scanning and transmission electron microscopy is significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution , and greatly increased emitter life and reliability compared with thermionic devices .

neg: Silver Silver is the metallic element with the atomic number 47 . Its symbol is Ag , from the Latin argentum , derived from the Greek ὰργὀς ( literally `` shiny '' or `` white '' ) , and ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European language root reconstructed as * h2erǵ - , `` grey '' or `` shining '' . A soft , white , lustrous transition metal , it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity , thermal conductivity , and reflectivity of any metal . The metal is found in the Earth 's crust in the pure , free elemental form ( `` native silver '' ) , as an alloy with gold and other metals , and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite . Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper , gold , lead , and zinc refining .   Silver has long been valued as a precious metal . Silver metal is used in many bullion coins , sometimes alongside gold : while it is more abundant than gold , it is much less abundant as a native metal . Its purity is typically measured on a per-mille basis ; a 94 % - pure alloy is described as `` 0.940 fine '' . As one of the seven metals of antiquity , silver has had an enduring role in most human cultures .   Silver is used in numerous applications other than currency , such as solar panels , water filtration , jewellery , ornaments , high-value tableware and utensils ( hence the term silverware ) , and as an investment medium ( coins and bullion ) . Silver is used industrially in electrical contacts and conductors , in specialized mirrors , window coatings , and in catalysis of chemical reactions . Silver compounds are used in photographic film and X-rays . Dilute silver nitrate solutions and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides ( oligodynamic effect ) , added to bandages and wound-dressings , catheters , and other medical instruments .

neg: Carbon Carbon ( from carbo `` coal '' ) is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6 . It is nonmetallic and tetravalent -- making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds . Three isotopes occur naturally , C and C being stable , while C is a radioactive isotope , decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years . Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity .   Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth 's crust , and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen , helium , and oxygen . Carbon 's abundance , its unique diversity of organic compounds , and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life . It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass ( about 18.5 % ) after oxygen .   The atoms of carbon can bond together in different ways , termed allotropes of carbon . The best known are graphite , diamond , and amorphous carbon . The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form . For example , graphite is opaque and black while diamond is highly transparent . Graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper ( hence its name , from the Greek verb '' γράφειν '' which means `` to write '' ) , while diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material known . Graphite is a good electrical conductor while diamond has a low electrical conductivity . Under normal conditions , diamond , carbon nanotubes , and graphene have the highest thermal conductivities of all known materials . All carbon allotropes are solids under normal conditions , with graphite being the most thermodynamically stable form . They are chemically resistant and require high temperature to react even with oxygen .   The most common oxidation state of carbon in inorganic compounds is +4 , while +2 is found in carbon monoxide and transition metal carbonyl complexes . The largest sources of inorganic carbon are limestones , dolomites and carbon dioxide , but significant quantities occur in organic deposits of coal , peat , oil , and methane clathrates . Carbon forms a vast number of compounds , more than any other element , with almost ten million compounds described to date , and yet that number is but a fraction of the number of theoretically possible compounds under standard conditions . For this reason , carbon has often been referred to as the `` king of the elements '' .

neg: Plasma globe A plasma globe or plasma lamp ( also called plasma ball , dome , sphere , tube or orb , depending on shape ) is ( usually ) a clear glass sphere filled with a mixture of various noble gases with a high-voltage electrode in the center of the sphere .   Plasma filaments extend from the inner electrode to the outer glass insulator , giving the appearance of multiple constant beams of colored light ( see corona discharge and electric glow discharge ) . Plasma globes were most popular as novelty items in the 1980s .   The plasma lamp was invented by Nikola Tesla , during his experimentation with high-frequency currents in an evacuated glass tube for the purpose of studying high voltage phenomena . Tesla called his invention an `` inert gas discharge tube '' . The modern plasma lamp design was subsequently developed by Bill Parker , a student at MIT .

neg: Act on Product Safety of Electrical Appliances and Materials The is the law that governs electrical appliance safety in Japan . PSE stands for Product Safety Electrical Appliance & Material . The formal name is . The most recent revision comes April 1 , 2001 . The PSE symbol can be found on appliances that are approved for use in Japan .   DENAN is a mandatory national law administered by Japan 's METI ( Ministry of Economy , Trade and Industry ) , which was formerly called the Electrical Appliance and Material Control Law ( `` DENTORI '' ) . For electrical appliances such as DC Power Supplies exported to Japan , the DENAN `` DENAN symbol '' approval is required .   AC/DC power supplies are considered a `` Category A '' product with means they are specified products and require a diamond PSE Mark for use in Japan . These specified electrical appliances are either required to undergo third-party conformity assessment , and obtain their certificate , or obtain `` the equivalent of a certificate '' through the manufacturers of the specified electrical appliances concerned . The Notifying Supplier ( importer ) is responsible for ensuring that the product is tested in accordance with the requirements by a RCAB ( or `` Registered Conformity Assessment Body '' ) .   Samples of PSE approved power supplies and PSE certificates can be found here , PSE rated power supplies are characterized by classes and ratings ranges rather than specific model numbers : http://en.globtek.com/news/pse-approved-power-supply-ac-adapters-meet-japan-denan-regulations-for-import-and-sale-in-japan

neg: Copper-clad steel Copper-clad steel ( CCS ) , also known as copper-covered steel or the trademarked name Copperweld is a bi-metallic product , mainly used in the wire industry that combines the high mechanical resistance of steel with the conductivity and resistance to corrosion of copper .   It is mainly used for grounding purposes , line tracing to locate underground utilities , drop wire of telephone cables , and inner conductor of coaxial cables , including thin hookup cables like RG174 , and CATV cable .

neg: Electroplating Electroplating is a process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode . The term is also used for electrical oxidation of anions onto a solid substrate , as in the formation silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes . Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object ( e.g. abrasion and wear resistance , corrosion protection , lubricity , aesthetic qualities , etc. ) , but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming .   The process used in electroplating is called electrodeposition . It is analogous to a galvanic cell acting in reverse . The part to be plated is the cathode of the circuit . In one technique , the anode is made of the metal to be plated on the part . Both components are immersed in a solution called an electrolyte containing one or more dissolved metal salts as well as other ions that permit the flow of electricity . A power supply supplies a direct current to the anode , oxidizing the metal atoms that it comprises and allowing them to dissolve in the solution . At the cathode , the dissolved metal ions in the electrolyte solution are reduced at the interface between the solution and the cathode , such that they `` plate out '' onto the cathode . The rate at which the anode is dissolved is equal to the rate at which the cathode is plated , vis-a-vis the current through the circuit . In this manner , the ions in the electrolyte bath are continuously replenished by the anode .   Other electroplating processes may use a non-consumable anode such as lead or carbon . In these techniques , ions of the metal to be plated must be periodically replenished in the bath as they are drawn out of the solution . The most common form of electroplating is used for creating coins such as pennies , which are small zinc plates covered in a layer of copper .

neg: Precious metal A precious metal is a rare , naturally occurring metallic chemical element of high economic value .  Chemically , the precious metals tend to be less reactive than most elements ( see noble metal ) . They are usually ductile and have a high lustre . Historically , precious metals were important as currency but are now regarded mainly as investment and industrial commodities . Gold , silver , platinum , and palladium each have an ISO 4217 currency code .   The best known precious metals are the coinage metals , gold and silver . Although both have industrial uses , they are better known for their uses in art , jewelry , fine jewelry and coinage . Other precious metals include the platinum group metals : ruthenium , rhodium , palladium , osmium , iridium , and platinum , of which platinum is the most widely traded .  The demand for precious metals is driven not only by their practical use but also by their role as investments and a store of value . Historically , precious metals have commanded much higher prices than common industrial metals .


query: Dracula is a Gothic horror television show.

pos: Dracula Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker . It introduced the famous character Count Dracula and established many conventions of subsequent vampire fantasy . The novel tells the story of Dracula 's attempt to move from Transylvania to England so that he may find new blood and spread the undead curse , and of the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and women led by Professor Abraham Van Helsing .   Dracula has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature , horror fiction , the gothic novel , and invasion literature . The novel has spawned numerous theatrical , film , and television interpretations .

neg: Frankenstein - Italian Style Frankenstein -- Italian Style ( Frankenstein all ` italiana ) is a 1975 Italian horror-comedy film directed by Armando Crispino .

neg: Son of Frankenstein Son of Frankenstein is a 1939 horror monster film , the third film in Universal Studios ' Frankenstein series and the last to feature Boris Karloff as the Monster . It is also the first to feature Bela Lugosi as Ygor . The picture is a sequel to James Whale 's Bride of Frankenstein . It is directed by Rowland V. Lee and stars Basil Rathbone , Boris Karloff and Béla Lugosi .   The film was a reaction to the very popular re-releases of Dracula with Lugosi and Frankenstein with Karloff as a double-feature in 1938 . Universal 's declining horror output was revitalized with the enormously successful Son of Frankenstein , in which the studio cast both Karloff and Lugosi .

neg: Dracula - Swing of Death Dracula - Swing of Death is a rock opera concept album released by Norwegian musicians , singer Jørn Lande and guitarist Trond Holter . It is based in the storyline of Bram Stoker 's Dracula .   The whole album was performed live on 1 May 2015 at the Karmoygeddon Festival in Norway , with all musicians who played on the record .

neg: Bram Stoker's Dracula (handheld video game) Bram Stoker 's Dracula for the Game Boy is a 1993 video game that bears a closer resemblance to platform games such as Super Mario Land than horror films . It was voted to be the 21st worst video game of all time according to FLUX magazine though it was also voted best underrated gem game by 6y magazine .

neg: Nosferatu Nosferatu , eine Symphonie des Grauens ( translated as Nosferatu : A Symphony of Horror ; or simply Nosferatu ) is a 1922 German Expressionist horror film , directed by F. W. Murnau , starring Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok . The film , shot in 1921 and released in 1922 , was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stoker 's Dracula . Various names and other details were changed from the novel : for instance , `` vampire '' became `` Nosferatu '' and `` Count Dracula '' became `` Count Orlok '' .   Stoker 's heirs sued over the adaptation , and a court ruling ordered that all copies of the film be destroyed . However , a few prints of Nosferatu survived , and the film came to be regarded as an influential masterpiece of cinema . As of 2017 , it is Rotten Tomatoes ' third-best reviewed horror film of all time .   The film was released in the United States on 3 June 1929 , seven years after its original premiere in Germany , where it instantly became a hit .

neg: Psychic vampire A psychic vampire is a mythological creature said to feed off the `` life force '' of other living creatures . Psychic vampires are represented in the occult beliefs of various cultures and in fiction .

neg: The Thirteenth Tale (film) The Thirteenth Tale is a British drama television film that first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2013 . It is an adaptation of Diane Setterfield 's gothic novel The Thirteenth Tale .

neg: Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury .   In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal .   As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .

neg: The Satanic Rites of Dracula The Satanic Rites of Dracula is a 1973 horror film directed by Alan Gibson and produced by Hammer Film Productions . It is the eighth film in Hammer 's Dracula series , and the seventh and final one to feature Christopher Lee as Dracula . The film was also the third to unite Peter Cushing as Van Helsing with Lee , following Dracula ( 1958 ) and Dracula A.D. 1972 ( 1972 ) .

neg: Night of the Demon Night of the Demon is a 1957 British horror film directed by Jacques Tourneur , starring Dana Andrews , Peggy Cummins and Niall MacGinnis . An adaptation of the M. R. James story `` Casting the Runes '' ( 1911 ) , the plot revolves around an American psychologist investigating a satanic cult suspected of more than one murder .   The film 's production was turbulent due to artistic differences between producer Hal E. Chester on one side and Tourneur and writer Charles Bennett on the other . Although the original plan was not to show a literal demon , producer Chester inserted a monster over the objections of the writer , the director , and lead actor Dana Andrews . To accelerate the pace , the film was trimmed down to 83 minutes ( and retitled Curse of the Demon ) in the US where it played the second half of a double feature bill with both The True Story of Lynn Stuart and The Revenge of Frankenstein ( 1958 ) .

neg: Gerran Howell Gerran Lyn Howell ( born 25 February 1991 ) is a Welsh actor , director and writer of short films , best known for playing `` Vladimir Dracula '' in Young Dracula , a CBBC television series that initially aired in 2006 .

neg: Holocaust (miniseries) Holocaust is a 1978 American four part television miniseries which tells the story of the Holocaust from the perspective of the ( fictional ) Weiss family of German Jews and that of a rising member of the SS , who gradually becomes a merciless war criminal . Holocaust highlighted numerous important events which occurred up to and during World War II , such as Kristallnacht , the creation of Jewish ghettos and later , the use of gas chambers . Although the miniseries won several awards and received critical acclaim , it was criticized by some , including noted Holocaust survivor and author Elie Wiesel , who described it as `` untrue and offensive . ''   The series was presented in four parts on NBC :  Part 1 : The Gathering Darkness ( original airdate : April 16 , 1978 )  Part 2 : The Road to Babi Yar ( original airdate : April 17 , 1978 )  Part 3 : The Final Solution ( original airdate : April 18 , 1978 )  Part 4 : The Saving Remnant ( original airdate : April 19 , 1978 )

neg: Nosferatu (Helstar album) Nosferatu is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Helstar . The first half of the album follows a storyline based on the Bram Stoker novel Dracula . It is the last album recorded by the band before going on hiatus , until reforming in 1995 .

neg: The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires is a 1974 horror film produced by Hammer Studios and Shaw Brothers Studio . It is the ninth and final film in the Hammer Dracula series . It was released in North America in an edited version as The Seven Brothers Meet Dracula , and alternatively known as The Seven Brothers and Their One Sister Meet Dracula . The film is notable for having an actor other than Christopher Lee portray Count Dracula in the Hammer Dracula series ; before this film was made , Lee left the role of the Count . The role of Dracula is played by John Forbes-Robertson ( though the actor 's voice is dubbed by David de Keyser ) .

neg: Tales from the Darkside Tales from the Darkside is an American anthology horror TV series created by George A. Romero ; it debuted in 1983 . Each episode was an individual short story that often ended with a plot twist . The series ' episodes spanned the genres of horror , science fiction , and fantasy , and some episodes featured elements of black comedy or more lighthearted themes .

neg: Creature Features Creature Features was a generic title for a genre of horror TV format shows broadcast on local U.S. television stations throughout the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s . The movies broadcast on the various shows were generally classic and cult horror movies of the 1930s to 1950s , the horror and science-fiction films of the 1950s , British horror films of the 1960s , and the Japanese `` giant monster '' movies of the 1960s and 1970s .

neg: Dracula the Undead (video game) For the novel by Freda Warrington , see Dracula the Undead ( book )  For the novel by Dacre Stoker and Ian Holt , see Dracula the Un-dead   Dracula - The Undead is a video game released in 1991 for the Atari Lynx handheld system . The game is loosely tied on Bram Stoker 's novel Dracula and even goes as far as to include Bram Stoker himself narrating the story . The player takes the role of Jonathan Harker as he tries to escape from Dracula 's Castle . The game bears a striking resemblance to the Alone in the Dark survival horror games despite pre-dating the series by one year .

neg: Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants .   By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .

neg: Los Monstruos del Terror Los Monstruos del Terror ( The Monsters of Terror ) , also known as Dracula vs. Frankenstein , Reincarnator and Assignment Terror , is a 1970 Spanish-German-Italian horror film directed by Tulio Demicheli , Hugo Fregonese and Eberhard Meichsner . The last two filmmakers were uncredited in the film 's original print . It stars Paul Naschy , Michael Rennie , Karin Dor and Craig Hill . It is the third in a series of movies featuring the werewolf Waldemar Daninsky , always played by Naschy .   Monstruos del Terror was originally slated to be called `` The Man Who Came From Ummo '' , referring to Michael Rennie 's spaceman character . It was followed by the 1970 film The Fury of the Wolfman .

neg: Frankenstein (1973 film) Frankenstein is a 1973 American television movie adaptation of Mary Shelley 's novel Frankenstein adapted by Sam Hall and Dark Shadows creator Dan Curtis , with Robert Foxworth in the title role and Bo Svenson as the Giant .


query: Canada's official language is English.

pos: Canada Canada ( -LSB- ˈkænədə -RSB- -LSB- kanadɑ -RSB- ) is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 e6km2 , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area . Canada 's border with the United States is the world 's longest binational land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , many near the southern border . One third of the population lives in the three largest cities : Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver . Its capital is Ottawa , and other major urban areas include Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton .   Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French claims were made on the area , with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier 's second voyage to New France . As a consequence of various conflicts , Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left , in the late 18th century , with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today . Pursuant to the British North America Act , on July 1 , 1867 , the colonies of Canada , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada . This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada .   In 1931 , Canada achieved near total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931 , but at the time , Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada 's constitution , on request from the Parliament of Canada . With the Constitution Act 1982 , Canada took over that authority ( as the conclusion of Patriation ) , removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom , giving the country full sovereignty .   Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state . The country is officially bilingual at the federal level . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries . Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world , relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks . Canada 's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture .   Canada is a developed country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index . It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency , civil liberties , quality of life , economic freedom , and education . Canada is a Commonwealth realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations , a member of the Francophonie , and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the G8 , the Group of Ten , the G20 , the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum .

pos: Official bilingualism in Canada The official languages of Canada are English and French , which `` have equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliament and Government of Canada , '' according to Canada 's constitution . Official bilingualism is the term used in Canada to collectively describe the policies , constitutional provisions , and laws that ensure legal equality of English and French in the Parliament and courts of Canada , protect the linguistic rights of English and French-speaking minorities in different provinces , and ensure a level of government services in both languages across Canada .   In addition to the symbolic designation of English and French as official languages , official bilingualism is generally understood to include any law or other measure that :  mandates that the federal government conduct its business in both official languages and provide government services in both languages ;  encourages or mandates lower tiers of government ( most notably the provinces and territories , but also some municipalities ) to conduct themselves in both official languages and to provide services in both English and French rather than in just one or the other ;  places obligations on private actors in Canadian society to provide access to goods or services in both official languages ( such as the requirement that food products be labelled in both English and French ) ;  provides support to non-government actors to encourage or promote the use or the status of one or the other of the two official languages . This includes grants and contributions to groups representing the English-speaking minority in Quebec and the French-speaking minorities in the other provinces to assist with the establishment of an infrastructure of cultural supports and services .   At the provincial level , New Brunswick officially recognizes the equal status of French and English . While French has equal legal status in Manitoba restored due to a court ruling that struck down seventy-year-old English-only laws in 1985 , in practice , French language services are only provided in some regions of the province . Quebec has declared itself officially unilingual ( French only ) . Alberta and Saskatchewan are also considered unilingual ( English only ) . In practice , all provinces , including Quebec , offer some services in both English and French and some publicly funded education in both official languages up to the high school level ( English language postsecondary education institutions are also present in Quebec , as are French language postsecondary institutions in other provinces , in particular in Ontario and New Brunswick ) . English and French are official languages in all three territories . In addition , Inuktitut is also an official language in Nunavut , and nine aboriginal languages have official status in the Northwest Territories .

neg: First Congress on the French Language in Canada The First Congress on the French Language in Canada ( French : Premier Congrès de la langue française au Canada ) was held in Quebec City from June 24 to June 30 , 1912 . Its stated objective was to `` examine the questions raised by the defence , the culture and the development of the French language and literature in Canada . ''

neg: Demographics of Ontario Ontario , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto .

neg: Parliamentary Librarian of Canada The Parliamentary Librarian of Canada is one of the key officials of the Parliament of Canada .   While the Library of Parliament was created shortly after 1867 , the role of librarian was not created until 1871 to be in charge of management and control of the library of Parliament . Control and direction of the library is provided by the Speakers of the House of Commons and the Senate .   The current role was created from the merger of the Parliamentary Librarians of the Provinces of Canada ( 1840-1867 ) and those of the Legislature of Upper and Lower Canada ( 1790s ) .   From its creation until 1956 , the parliamentary library was overseen by two officers : the parliamentary librarian , who oversaw the parliamentary archives and research facilities , and the general librarian , who oversaw the non-governmental and historical collections . By convention , one position had to be held by an anglophone and the other by a francophone ; in practice the anglophone always held the parliamentary position and the francophone always held the general one , except for a period during World War II when general librarian Felix Desrochers concurrently held the parliamentary position on a de facto basis , as following the death of Martin Burrell in 1938 the House of Commons did not formally appoint a new parliamentary librarian until 1944 . However , Desrochers was never formally given the title of parliamentary librarian .   Following the creation of the National Library of Canada in 1953 , the general librarian 's position was phased out as those responsibilities and materials were transferred to the new institution . With the discontinuation of the general librarian 's position , a new position was created for associate librarian , which was also consistently held by a francophone until 1994 , when Richard Paré , the incumbent of that position at the time of chief librarian Erik Spicer 's retirement , became the first francophone officially named to the top post .   The library provides reference material for use by members of the House of Commons and the Senate , as well as officials of the Parliament of Canada .

neg: Trinidadian English Trinidadian English ( TE ) or Trinidad and Tobago Standard English is a dialect of English used in Trinidad and Tobago . TE co-exists with both non-standard varieties of English as well as other dialects , namely Trinidadian Creole in Trinidad and Tobagonian Creole in Tobago . Both islands as one consider the dialect as Trinbagonian Creole .   Trinidadian English was originally based on a standard of British English . Located in the Americas , TE now uses many Americanisms , including apartment and trunk ( of a car ) . It is understandable by speakers of international standard English , although it uses a number of terms that are unique to it ( perhaps coming from Trinidadian Creole ) , such as `` to lime '' , meaning `` to hang out '' . Speech in Trinidad ( and , to some degree , in Tobago ) may vary by location and circumstance and is often remarked for its `` sing-song '' ( i.e. a rising and falling inflection ) intonation .

neg: Canadian Club of Toronto The Canadian Club of Toronto is a club in Toronto which meets several times a month to hear lunchtime speeches given by invited guests from the fields of politics , law , business , the arts , the media , and other prominent fields .   In the days before radio and television , the Club provided a chance for influential Torontonians to have contact with Canadian and international leaders in a variety of fields . Even today , the club manages to attract notable speakers . Some examples of speakers to address the club since the year 2000 include Paul Martin , Stephen Harper , Vladimir Putin , Paul Bremer , Bob Rae , Michael Dell , Jean Charest , John de Chastelain , Ted Rogers , Roy McMurtry , Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , Margaret Atwood , Karen Kain , Ralph Klein , David Frum , Pamela Wallin , John Manley , Beverley McLachlin , Dalton McGuinty , Belinda Stronach , David Dodge , Pinball Clemons , Gordon Campbell , Louise Arbour , Adrienne Clarkson , Donovan Bailey , Anne Mulcahy , and Jack Layton .   The Canadian Club has long had a role in Canadian life as an opinion-formation vehicle for some of Toronto 's most prominent citizens .   The Canadian Club of Toronto was founded in 1897 by a Hamilton journalist . Speeches were initially given in the evening , but starting in 1899 , the club moved to its present lunchtime format . In 1903 , several members of the Canadian Club , concerned that the club was not sufficiently opposed to the wave of anti-British sentiment being expressed in the wake of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal decision , left the Canadian Club to found the more pro-British Empire Club of Canada .   As of 2010 , the Canadian Club 's luncheons are normally held on Mondays in the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . As noted on their website : `` The Canadian Club is not-for-profit and holds no political or religious affiliations . There are currently forty Canadian Clubs in various cities around Canada . ''

neg: Canadian federal election, 1945 The Canadian federal election of 1945 was the 20th general election in Canadian history . It was held June 11 , 1945 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 20th Parliament of Canada . Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King 's Liberal government was re-elected to its third consecutive government , although this time with a minority government as the Liberals fell 5 seats short of a majority .   Although the election officially resulted in a minority government , the election of eight `` Independent Liberal '' MPs , most of whom did not run as official Liberals because of their opposition to conscription ( see Conscription Crisis of 1944 ) , gave the King government an effective working majority in parliament . Most of the Independent Liberal MPs joined ( or re-joined ) the Liberal caucus following World War II when the conscription issue became moot . As King was defeated in his own riding of Prince Albert , fellow Liberal William MacDiarmid , who was re-elected in the safe seat of Glengarry , resigned so that a by-election could be held , which was subsequently won by King .   The federal election was the first since the victory of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the Saskatchewan provincial election , and many predicted a major breakthrough for the CCF nationally . A Gallup poll from September 1943 showed the CCF with a one-point lead over both the Liberals and Conservatives . The party was expected to win 70 to 100 seats , possibly even enough to form a minority government . Despite the expectations , the party only won 28 seats .   1945 was also the first test of the newly named Progressive Conservatives . The Conservative Party had changed its name in 1942 when former Progressive Party Premier of Manitoba John Bracken became its leader . The party improved its standing in terms of number of seats compared to the old Conservative Party , but also recorded a reduced share of the popular vote ( indeed , the lowest in any election prior to 1993 ) and fell far short of challenging Liberal hegemony .   A key issue in this election seems to have been electing a stable government . The Liberals urged voters to `` Return the Mackenzie King Government '' , and argued that only the Liberal Party had a `` preponderance of members in all nine provinces '' . Mackenzie King threatened to call a new election if he was not given a majority : `` We would have confusion to deal with at a time when the world will be in a very disturbed situation . The war in Europe is over , but unrest in the east is not over . ''   The Progressive Conservatives tried to capitalize on the massive mid-campaign victory by the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party in the 1945 Ontario provincial election . PC campaign ads exhorted voters to rally behind their party : `` Ontario shows ! Only Bracken can win ! '' , and suggesting that it would be impossible to form a majority government in the country without a plurality of seats in Ontario , which only the Tories could win . In the event , the Liberals fell just short of a majority even though they won only 34 seats in Ontario to the PCs ' 48 seats . Eight `` Independent Liberal '' MPs could be expected to support the government .   Social welfare programs were also an issue in the campaign . Another Liberal slogan encouraged voters to `` Build a New Social Order '' by endorsing the Liberal platform , which included  $ 750 million to provide land , jobs and business support for veterans ;  $ 400 million of public spending to build housing ;  $ 250 million for family allowances ;  establishing an Industrial development Bank ;  loans to farmers , floor prices for agricultural products ;  tax reductions .   Campaigning under the slogan , `` Work , Security , and Freedom for All -- with the CCF '' , the CCF promised to retain war-time taxes on high incomes and excess profits in order to fund social services , and to abolish the Canadian Senate . The CCF fought hard to prevent the support of labour from going to the Labor-Progressive Party ( i.e. , the Communist Party of Canada ) .   The LPP , for its part , pointed out that the CCF 's refusal to enter into an electoral pact with the LPP had cost the CCF 100,000 votes in the Ontario election , and had given victory to the Ontario PCs . It urged voters to `` Make Labour a Partner in Government . ''   The Social Credit Party of Canada tried , with modest success , to capitalize on the positive image of the Alberta Socred government of William Aberhart , asking voters , `` Good Government in Alberta -- Why Not at Ottawa ? '' . Referring to social credit monetary theories , the party encouraged voters to `` Vote for the National Dividend '' .

neg: Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area .   The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government .   In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government .   __ TOC __

neg: Canadian studies Canadian studies is a college-level study of Canadian culture , the spoken languages of Canada , Canadian literature , Quebec , agriculture in Canada , the history of Canada , and Canadian government and politics .   Most universities that offer the discipline recommend that students take a double major ( e.g. Political Science , International Relations ) or French , if not included in the course . Some careers for students who take Canadian studies include the foreign service and working at Canadian embassies or the foreign embassies in Canada .   Scholars known for their work in Canadian studies include Fernand Ouellet , Linda Hutcheon , George Ramsay Cook , William T. R. Fox , Annette Baker Fox , Susan Swan , Christl Verduyn , Sergey Rogov , and George Melnyk . The Governor General 's International Award for Canadian Studies is an award for excellence in the field and was established in 1995 by the International Council for Canadian Studies .

neg: English in computing The English language is sometimes described as the lingua franca of computing . In comparison to other sciences , where Latin and Greek are the principal sources of vocabulary , computer science borrows more extensively from English . Due to the technical limitations of early computers , and the lack of international standards on the Internet , computer users were limited to using English and the Latin alphabet . However , this historical limitation is less present today . Most software products are localized in numerous languages and the use of the Unicode character encoding has resolved problems with non-Latin alphabets . Some limitations have only been changed recently , such as with domain names , which previously allowed only ASCII characters .

neg: Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans or Anglos are people who are inhabitants of Anglo-America and are referred to as English Americans and/or an English Canadians . It typically refers to an English-speaking American in distinction to Spanish speakers in the Southwestern states and in Mexico ; German speakers ( Amish ) in North Dakota , Ohio , and Pennsylvania ; and French speakers in Canada , New England and Louisiana . This usage originated in the discussion of the history of English-speaking people of the United States and the Spanish-speaking people residing in the western United States during the Mexican -- American War .

neg: LGBT rights in Canada Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Canada are some of the most advanced in the Americas and in the world . During the British North American era , same-sex sexual activity between men was a capital crime and resulted in the death penalty , however , there is no surviving record of any executions and political figures were reluctant to enforce the law . The death penalty was eventually repealed and a broader law involving gross indecency between men was often enforced in the late 19th century . During the early to mid 20th-century , the law often portrayed homosexual men as sex offenders until the infamous court case of Everett George Klippert , who admitted to having sex with multiple men , resulted in his life imprisonment . Same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults was soon decriminalized in 1969 as a result of legislation introduced in 1967 , with then-Justice Minister and Attorney General of Canada Pierre Trudeau ( who eventually became the 15th Prime Minister of Canada ) famously commenting , `` There 's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation . ''   Although same-sex couples began being granted domestic partnerships similar to that of married opposite-sex couples , same-sex marriage was already legalized in eight of ten provinces and one of three territories beginning in 2003 . On July 20 , 2005 , Canada became the first country outside Europe and the fourth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide after the enactment of the Civil Marriage Act . Same-sex adoption has also been legal in all provinces and territories under varying rules . Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment , housing , and public and private accommodations is banned nationwide whilst discrimination on the basis of gender identity and expression vary by province and territory . Transgender people are allowed to change their legal gender in all provinces and territories under varying rules . Under section 159 of the Criminal Code the age of consent for anal sex is currently unequal at 18 for both homosexuals and heterosexuals whilst oral sex and vaginal sex remains at 16 , which has been found discriminatory by many political figures , publications , provincial and federal courts . On November 15 , 2016 , the Minister of Justice , Jody Wilson-Raybould , introduced a bill to repeal section 159 of the Criminal Code .   Canada has frequently been referred to as one of the most gay-friendly countries in the world , with Canada 's largest cities Toronto , Montreal , Vancouver and Ottawa featuring their own gay villages and being named among the most gay-friendly cities in the world . Recent polls have indicated that a large majority of Canadians support same-sex marriage .

neg: Canada 2011 Census The Canada 2011 Census is a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population on May 10 , 2011 . Statistics Canada , an agency of the Canadian government , conducts a nationwide census every five years . In 2011 , it consisted of a mandatory short form census questionnaire and an inaugural National Household Survey ( NHS ) , a voluntary survey which replaced the mandatory long form census questionnaire ; this substitution was the focus of much controversy . Completion of the ( short form ) census is mandatory for all Canadians , and those who do not complete it may face penalties ranging from fines to jail time .   The Statistics Act mandates a Senate and/or House of Commons ( joint ) committee review of the opt-in clause ( for the release of one 's census records after 92 years ) by 2014 .   The 2011 Census is the fifteenth decennial census and is required by section 8 of the Constitution Act , 1867 . As with other decennial censuses , the data was used to adjust federal electoral district boundaries .   As of August 24 , 2011 , Canada 's overall collection response rate was 98.1 % , up over a full percentage point from 96.5 % in the 2006 Census . Ontario and Prince Edward Island each hold the highest response rate at 98.3 % , while Nunavut holds the lowest response rate at 92.7 % .   In an article in the New York Times in August 2015 , journalist Stephen Marche argued that by ending the mandatory long-form census in 2011 , the federal government `` stripped Canada of its capacity to gather information about itself '' in the `` age of information . '' Nearly 500 organizations in Canada , including the Canadian Medical Association , the Canadian Chamber of Commerce , and the Canadian Catholic Council of Bishops protested the decision to replace the long form Census in 2011 with a shorter version .

neg: List of Canadian provinces and territories by population Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories . The majority of Canada 's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada -- US border . Its four largest provinces by area ( Quebec , Ontario , British Columbia and Alberta ) are also ( with Quebec and Ontario switched in order ) its most populous ; together they account for 86 % of the country 's population . The territories ( the Northwest Territories , Nunavut and Yukon ) account for over a third of Canada 's area but are home to only 0.3 % of its population , which skews the national population density value .   Canada 's population grew by 5.0 % between the 2006 and 2011 censuses . Except for New Brunswick , all territories and provinces increased in population from 2011 to 2016 . In terms of percent change , the fastest-growing province or territory was Nunavut with an increase of 12.7 % between 2011 and 2016 , followed by Alberta with 11.6 % growth . New Brunswick 's population decreased by 0.5 % between 2011 and 2016 .   Canada 's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 : see List of population of Canada by years .

neg: Philosophy in Canada The study and teaching of philosophy in Canada date from the time of New France . There has since developed no particular `` Canadian '' school of philosophy . Rather , Canadian philosophers have reflected particular views of established European and later American schools of philosophical thought , be it Thomism , Objective Idealism , or Scottish Common Sense Realism . Since the mid-twentieth century the depth and scope of philosophical activity in Canada has increased dramatically . This article focuses on the evolution of epistemology , logic , the philosophy of mind , metaphysics , ethics and metaethics , and continental philosophy in Canada .

neg: Business English Business English is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching . Many non-native English speakers study the subject with the goal of doing business with English-speaking countries , or with companies located outside the English-speaking world but which nonetheless use English as a shared language or lingua franca . Much of the English communication that takes place within business circles all over the world occurs between non-native speakers . In cases such as these , the object of the exercise is efficient and effective communication . The strict rules of grammar are in such cases sometimes ignored , when , for example , a stressed negotiator 's only goal is to reach an agreement as quickly as possible . ( See linguist Braj Kachru 's theory of the `` expanding circle '' . )   Business English means different things to different people . For some , it focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business , trade , finance , and international relations . For others it refers to the communication skills used in the workplace , and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations , negotiations , meetings , small talk , socializing , correspondence , report writing , and a systematic approach . In both of these cases it can be taught to native speakers of English , for example , high school students preparing to enter the job market .   Business English is a variant of international English . One can study it at a college or university . Institutes around the world have courses or modules in BE available , which can lead to a degree in the subject .

neg: Clerk of the Privy Council (Canada) The Clerk of the Privy Council ( Greffier du Conseil privé ) is the senior civil servant in the Canadian government . The Title and Office is in fact `` Clerk of the Privy Council and the Secretary to the Cabinet '' . The Clerk is appointed by the Queen 's representative in Canada , the Governor General , on the advice of the Prime Minister .   The Clerk of the Privy Council operates as the deputy minister to the Prime Minister of Canada and provides impartial advice to the Prime Minister and is in charge of the Privy Council Office . As Secretary to the Cabinet , the Clerk of the Privy Council provides impartial advice to the Ministry and oversees the advice and policy support given to Cabinet and its committees . As Head of the Public Service , the Clerk is responsible for other deputy ministers and the provision of non-partisan , expert advice to the government as a whole .

neg: Politics of Ontario The Province of Ontario is governed by a unicameral legislature , the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , which operates in the Westminster system of government . The political party that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the government , and the party 's leader becomes premier of the province , i.e. , the head of the government .  Ontario 's primary political parties are the centre-left Ontario Liberal Party , the centre-right Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ( PC ) , and the social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party ( NDP ) . The Green Party of Ontario has seen its support grow over the years - to 8.1 % of the vote in 2007 - but has yet to win a seat in the Legislature .

neg: Atlantic Canadian English Atlantic Canadian English is the class of Canadian English dialects spoken in the Atlantic provinces of Canada and notably distinct from Standard Canadian English . The set of dialects comprises Canadian Maritime English ( or Maritimer English ) and Newfoundland English . It is heavily influenced by British and Irish English , as well as Acadian French .

neg: Canadian poetry Canadian poetry is poetry of or typical of Canada . The term encompasses poetry written in Canada or by Canadian people in other languages versus those written in Canadian languages . They are written in English , French , Gaelic and Aboriginal languages .

neg: Declaration of war by Canada A declaration of war by Canada is a formal declaration issued by the Government of Canada ( the federal Crown-in-Council ) indicating that a state of war exists between Canada and another nation . It is an exercise of the Royal Prerogative on the constitutional advice of the ministers of the Crown in Cabinet and does not require the direct approval of the Parliament of Canada , though such can be sought by the government . Since gaining the authority to declare war under the Statute of Westminster 1931 , Canada has declared war only during the Second World War .


query: Are You Experienced is a record made by an English-American rock band.

pos: Are You Experienced Are You Experienced is the debut studio album by English-American rock band the Jimi Hendrix Experience . Released in 1967 , the LP was an immediate critical and commercial success , and it is widely regarded as one of the greatest debuts in the history of rock music . The album features Jimi Hendrix 's innovative approach to songwriting and electric guitar playing which soon established a new direction in psychedelic and hard rock music .   By mid-1966 , Hendrix was struggling to earn a living playing the R&B circuit as a backing guitarist . After being referred to Chas Chandler , who was leaving the Animals and interested in managing and producing artists , Hendrix was signed to a management and production contract with Chandler and ex-Animals manager Michael Jeffery . Chandler brought Hendrix to London and began recruiting members for a band designed to showcase the guitarist 's talents , the Jimi Hendrix Experience . In late October , after having been rejected by Decca Records , the Experience signed with Track , a new label formed by the Who 's managers Kit Lambert and Chris Stamp .   Are You Experienced and its preceding singles were recorded over a five-month period from late October 1966 through early April 1967 . The album was completed in sixteen recording sessions at three London locations , including De Lane Lea Studios , CBS , and Olympic . Released in the UK on May 12 , 1967 , Are You Experienced spent 33 weeks on the charts , peaking at number two . The album was issued in the US on August 23 by Reprise Records , where it reached number five on the Billboard 200 , remaining on the chart for 106 weeks , 27 of those in the Top 40 . The album also spent 70 weeks on the US Billboard R&B chart , where it peaked at # 10 . The US version contained some of Hendrix 's best known songs , including the Experience 's first three singles , which , though omitted from the British edition of the LP , were top ten hits in the UK : `` Purple Haze '' , `` Hey Joe '' , and `` The Wind Cries Mary '' .   In 2005 , Rolling Stone ranked Are You Experienced fifteenth on its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . They placed four songs from the album on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time : `` Purple Haze '' ( 17 ) , `` Foxy Lady '' ( 153 ) , `` Hey Joe '' ( 201 ) , and `` The Wind Cries Mary '' ( 379 ) . That same year , the record was one of 50 recordings chosen by the Library of Congress in recognition of its cultural significance to be added to the National Recording Registry . Writer and archivist Reuben Jackson of the Smithsonian Institution wrote : `` it 's still a landmark recording because it is of the rock , R&B , blues ... musical tradition . It altered the syntax of the music ... in a way I compare to James Joyce 's Ulysses . ''

neg: The Magic Whip The Magic Whip is the eighth studio album by English rock band Blur . It was recorded in Hong Kong and London , and released by Parlophone on 27 April 2015 and Warner Bros. . Records on 28 April 2015 . It is the band 's first studio album since Think Tank ( 2003 ) , marking the longest gap between two studio albums in Blur 's career .   The album received acclaim from music critics . It debuted at number one the UK Albums Chart , marking Blur 's sixth UK number-one album . It has been certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) for sales of over 100,000 copies . Also , it is the first album by the band in North America under Warner Bros. , after Blur were transferred from Virgin Records in 2013 , following the purchase of EMI and its assets by the Universal Music Group in 2012 .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: The Power Out The Power Out is the second album by English rock group Electrelane . It was released on compact disc and vinyl in 2004 by Too Pure . It was recorded in Chicago , Illinois in early 2003 by Steve Albini . The album 's lead single , `` On Parade '' was a hit on college radio . The album did not receive mainstream commercial success , despite receiving mostly positive critical reviews .

neg: Rollercoaster Tour The Rollercoaster Tour was a 1992 co-headlining concert tour by the English Britpop band Blur , the American indie rock band Dinosaur Jr. , the Irish alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine and the Scottish noise pop band the Jesus and Mary Chain . A one-leg 11-date tour of the United Kingdom , the tour was in support of all four bands ' current releases : Blur 's debut album Leisure ( 1991 ) , Dinosaur Jr. s fourth album Green Mind ( 1991 ) , My Bloody Valentine 's second album Loveless ( 1991 ) and The Jesus and Mary Chain 's fourth album Honey 's Dead ( 1992 ) .   The tour was curated by the Jesus and Mary Chain 's vocalist Jim Reid , who `` wanted to break the routine '' of performing in small , frequently played venues -- such as Nottinghams Rock City -- and `` cater to all strands of independent rock music '' . Reid was inspired by , and considered the Rollercoaster Tour a British equivalent to , the North American festival Lollapalooza , which the Jesus and Mary Chain performed at in 1991 and which he considered `` fairly disastrous '' . Each band performed a 45-minute set with no encore and the line-up changed each night of the tour , although the Jesus and Mary Chain performed as the final act on all 11 dates .   My Bloody Valentine ceased live performances in the UK after the tour and did not play again until their 2008 reunion tour . The band 's set , which ended with a noise section of their song `` You Made Me Realise '' referred to as the `` holocaust section '' , reportedly caused attendees ' pint glasses to fall out of their hands due to excessive sound pressure levels . Reflecting on the tour , Jim Reid referred to it as `` a lot -LSB- like a -RSB- competition -- who could be the loudest ? Whose was the best film show ? And then there was , who could be most off their tits and still play a show ? '' The Rollercoaster EP , containing material from Blur , My Bloody Valentine , Dinosaur Jr. and the Jesus and Mary Chain , was issued in Melody Maker in March 1992 to promote the tour .

neg: Just Like You (Falling in Reverse album) Just Like You is the third studio album by American rock band Falling in Reverse . The album was released through Epitaph Records on February 24 , 2015 . However , on February 17 , the full album stream was uploaded to fallinginreverse.com . It is the last album to feature lead guitarist Jacky Vincent who announced his departure in late 2015 . The album featured the return of the bands former sound , after their previous album , Fashionably Late , featured more of a crunk and rap sound . The album is the first to be recorded without an official bassist , with Charles Kallaghan Massabo playing bass on the record .

neg: This Is the End of Control This Is the End of Control is the debut studio album by American rock band Hey Violet , then known as Cherri Bomb . It was released on May 15 , 2012 by Hollywood Records . Prior to the album 's release , the song `` Shake the Ground '' was featured on the The Avengers soundtrack . The album features the song `` Let It Go '' from the 2011 EP Stark . The album peaked at 24 on Billboards Top Hard Rock Albums and at 11 on Top Heatseekers .

neg: American Hi-Fi American Hi-Fi is an American rock band formed in Boston in 1998 . The band consists of vocalist and guitarist Stacy Jones , guitarist Jamie Arentzen , bassist Drew Parsons , and drummer Brian Nolan . Prior to the group 's formation , Stacy Jones was well known for being a drummer in the successful alternative rock bands Veruca Salt and Letters to Cleo . American Hi-Fi has a close relationship with Miley Cyrus , whose band shares two members with American Hi-Fi . The group has a mixed musical style that includes influences from pop punk , alternative rock , and power pop .   The group released its eponymous debut album in 2001 , and this led to their hit single `` Flavor of the Weak '' and the band was awarded as the `` Rising Star '' from the Boston Music Awards , 2001 . After this , the group was dropped from their label , Island Records , and moved to Los Angeles to remake their production and sound . Working with veteran music producer Butch Walker , they released Hearts on Parade in 2005 . The band then toured to a widespread fan-base in Japan and in the United States . Finally the band came back after five years of interval , releasing their third studio album Fight the Frequency in August 2010 . The band released their fourth album Blood & Lemonade on September 9 , 2014 worldwide via the independent label Rude Records .

neg: Vivid (Living Colour album) Vivid is the debut studio album by the American rock band Living Colour , released on May 3 , 1988 through Epic Records . It was one of the most popular albums of 1988 , reaching No. 6 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and certified double platinum by the RIAA . The album is also featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: The 1975 (album) The 1975 is the self-titled debut album by English rock band The 1975 . It was released on 2 September 2013 through Dirty Hit and Polydor . It was recorded with Arctic Monkeys collaborator Mike Crossey .   Before the release , the band released four EPs between Autumn 2012 to Spring 2013 , during which span of time the album was recorded . They toured to support and build momentum , taking place in numerous gigs and special appearances with other artists .   The album has received positive reviews from critics , and topped the UK Albums Chart on 8 September . As of March 2016 , it has sold 410,981 copies in the UK , and 390,000 copies in the US .

neg: I See You (The xx album) I See You is the third studio album by English indie pop band the xx . It was released worldwide on 13 January 2017 through the Young Turks label . It is the follow-up to Coexist , and is their first release in more than four years .   The band announced the album while announcing frequent collaborator Rodaidh McDonald for its production and reportedly working on it in May 2014 . Group member Jamie Smith released his solo debut In Colour in May 2015 and reflected that it would influence the sound and aesthetic of I See You .   The xx has stated that the record has a more distinctive sound and a more positive , open and `` expansive '' concept than the previous two albums . The lead single , `` On Hold '' , was released on 12 November 2016 . I See You received widespread acclaim from critics and became the band 's second number-one album in the United Kingdom .

neg: Who You Are (Pearl Jam song) `` Who You Are '' is a song by American rock band Pearl Jam . Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music co-written by drummer Jack Irons and guitarist Stone Gossard , `` Who You Are '' was released on July 30 , 1996 as the first single from the band 's fourth studio album , No Code ( 1996 ) . The song topped the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart . It peaked at number 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 .   The song was included on Pearl Jam 's 2004 greatest hits album , Rearviewmirror ( Greatest Hits 1991 -- 2003 ) . On Pearl Jam 's greatest hits album , `` Who You Are '' has a slight lyric change . Instead of `` circumstance , clapping hands '' , it 's `` avalanche , falling fast '' .

neg: British rock and roll British rock and roll , or sometimes British rock 'n' roll , is a style of popular music based on American rock and roll , which emerged in the late 1950s and was popular until the arrival of beat music in 1962 . It has generally been considered inferior to the American version of the genre , and made little international or lasting impact . However , it was important in establishing British youth and popular music culture and was a key factor in subsequent developments that led to the British Invasion of the mid-1960s . Since the 1960s , some stars of the genre , most notably Cliff Richard , have managed to sustain successful careers and there have been periodic revivals of this form of music .

neg: Experience 7 Experience 7 was a Guadeloupean kadans band formed in the mid-1970s , led by Guy Houllier and Yves Honore . However unlike Kassav ' or Malavoi , the small band produced most songs with Henry Debs in Guadeloupe .

neg: American Recordings (record label) American Recordings is a Los Angeles-based record label headed by record producer Rick Rubin . Formerly known as Def American Recordings , the label has been home to Slayer , the Black Crowes , ZZ Top , Danzig , Trouble , Tom Petty , Johnny Cash , The Mother Hips , and System of a Down , among others .

neg: Driver Side Impact Driver Side Impact was an American rock band from Cleveland , Ohio , United States .

neg: The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion .   The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 .   The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .

neg: Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued .   The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre .   A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock .   In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .

neg: Go-Feet Records Go-Feet Records was an English record label founded by , and predominantly used to release recordings by , the ska revival band the Beat ( known as the English Beat in North America ) . The band had some chart success in the United Kingdom in the 1980s . The label also released a few recordings by other bands . The Beat 's first release was on 2 Tone Records , but when Madness struck a deal with Stiff Records , the Beat left to form their own label .

neg: The Stompers The Stompers are an American rock band formed in East Boston , Massachusetts in 1977 . The group formed after lead vocalist , guitarist , and songwriter Sal Baglio and drummer Mark Cuccinello were joined by Stephen Gilligan on bass , and Dave Friedman on keyboards . On November 7 , 1977 , the band played their first show in Beverly , Massachusetts .