query: Roger Penrose has yet to receive a prize for physics.

pos: Roger Penrose Sir Roger Penrose ( born 8 August 1931 ) is an English mathematical physicist , mathematician and philosopher of science . He is the Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute of the University of Oxford , as well as an Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College .   Penrose is known for his work in mathematical physics , in particular for his contributions to general relativity and cosmology . He has received several prizes and awards , including the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics , which he shared with Stephen Hawking for their contribution to our understanding of the universe .

neg: List of presidents of the Institute of Physics The President of the Institute of Physics is the head of the governing Council of the Institute of Physics . The history of the Institute , from its founding as the Physical Society of London in 1874 through to today 's Institute has meant that the name of the post held has varied . The current President is Frances Saunders .

neg: Shadows of the Mind Shadows of the Mind : A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness is a 1994 book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose , and serves as a followup to his 1989 book The Emperor 's New Mind : Concerning Computers , Minds and The Laws of Physics .   Penrose hypothesizes that :   Human consciousness is non-algorithmic , and thus is not capable of being modelled by a conventional Turing machine-type of digital computer .  Quantum mechanics plays an essential role in the understanding of human consciousness , specifically , he believes that microtubules within neurons support quantum superpositions .  The objective collapse of the quantum wavefunction of the microtubules is critical for consciousness .  The collapse in question is physical behaviour that is non-algorithmic and transcends the limits of computability .  The human mind has abilities that no Turing machine could possess because of this mechanism of non-computable physics .

neg: Electron The electron is a subatomic particle , symbol or , with a negative elementary electric charge . Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family , and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure . The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton . Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum ( spin ) of a half-integer value , expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant , ħ . As it is a fermion , no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state , in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle . Like all elementary particles , electrons exhibit properties of both particles and waves : they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light . The wave properties of electrons are easier to observe with experiments than those of other particles like neutrons and protons because electrons have a lower mass and hence a longer De Broglie wavelength for a given energy .   Electrons play an essential role in numerous physical phenomena , such as electricity , magnetism , and thermal conductivity , and they also participate in gravitational , electromagnetic and weak interactions . Since an electron has charge , it has a surrounding electric field , and if that electron is moving relative to an observer it will generate a magnetic field . Electromagnetic fields produced from other sources ( not those self-produced ) will affect the motion of an electron according to the Lorentz force law . Electrons radiate or absorb energy in the form of photons when they are accelerated . Laboratory instruments are capable of trapping individual electrons as well as electron plasma by the use of electromagnetic fields . Special telescopes can detect electron plasma in outer space . Electrons are involved in many applications such as electronics , welding , cathode ray tubes , electron microscopes , radiation therapy , lasers , gaseous ionization detectors and particle accelerators .   Interactions involving electrons with other subatomic particles are of interest in fields such as chemistry and nuclear physics . The Coulomb force interaction between the positive protons within atomic nuclei and the negative electrons without , allows the composition of the two known as atoms . Ionization or differences in the proportions of negative electrons versus positive nuclei changes the binding energy of an atomic system . The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding . In 1838 , British natural philosopher Richard Laming first hypothesized the concept of an indivisible quantity of electric charge to explain the chemical properties of atoms . Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney named this charge ` electron ' in 1891 , and J. J. Thomson and his team of British physicists identified it as a particle in 1897 . Electrons can also participate in nuclear reactions , such as nucleosynthesis in stars , where they are known as beta particles . Electrons can be created through beta decay of radioactive isotopes and in high-energy collisions , for instance when cosmic rays enter the atmosphere . The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron ; it is identical to the electron except that it carries electrical and other charges of the opposite sign . When an electron collides with a positron , both particles can be totally annihilated , producing gamma ray photons .

neg: C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics __ NOTOC __  The C. N. Yang Institute of Theoretical Physics ( YITP ) is a research center at Stony Brook University . In 1965 , it was the vision of then University President J.S. Toll and Physics Department chair T.A. Pond to create an institute for theoretical physics and invite the famous physicist Chen Ning Yang from Institute for Advanced Study to serve as its director with the Albert Einstein Professorship of Physics . While the center is often referred to as `` YITP '' , this can be confusing as YITP also stands for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics in Japan .   The active research areas of the institute include : Quantum Field Theory , String Theory , Mathematical Physics and Statistical Mechanics . The YITP is situated on top of the Math Tower , home to the Department of Mathematics which is connected to the Department of Physics and the Simons Center for Geometry and Physics -- therefore the physicists enjoy intimate interactions with the mathematicians . This close relationship dates back to the friendship of C.N. Yang and the mathematician James Harris Simons .   Founded in 1967 , YITP celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2007 . During the time span , the YITP has produced significant results in different areas , most notably was the discovery of Supergravity in 1976 by Peter van Nieuwenhuizen , Daniel Z. Freedman , and Sergio Ferrara , who were all working there at the time .

neg: Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society ( FRS , ForMemRS and HonFRS ) is an award and fellowship granted by the Royal Society of London to individuals the society judges to have made a `` substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge , including mathematics , engineering science and medical science '' .   Fellowship of the Society , the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence , is a significant honour which has been awarded to many eminent scientists from history including Isaac Newton ( 1672 ) , Charles Darwin ( 1839 ) , Michael Faraday ( 1824 ) , Ernest Rutherford ( 1903 ) , Srinivasa Ramanujan ( 1919 ) , Albert Einstein ( 1921 ) , Winston Churchill ( 1941 ) , Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ( 1944 ) , Dorothy Hodgkin ( 1947 ) , Alan Turing ( 1951 ) and Francis Crick ( 1959 ) . More recently , fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking ( 1974 ) , Tim Hunt ( 1991 ) , Elizabeth Blackburn ( 1992 ) , Tim Berners-Lee ( 2001 ) , Venkatraman Ramakrishnan ( 2003 ) , Andre Geim ( 2007 ) , James Dyson ( 2015 ) , Ajay Kumar Sood ( 2015 ) and around 8000 others in total , including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900 . , there are around 1600 living Fellows , Foreign and Honorary Members .   Fellowship of the Royal Society has been described by The Guardian newspaper as `` the equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar '' with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year .

neg: Young Medal and Prize The Young Medal and Prize is a prize awarded on odd numbered years by the Institute of Physics in the memory of Thomas Young for distinguished research in the field of optics , including physics outside the visible region .   Originally established by the Optical Society in 1907 as the Thomas Young Oration ` on an optical subject ' , the orator was later chosen by the Physical Society after the two societies had merged in 1932 and subsequently converted to a medal and prize after the Physical Society had in turn merged with the Institute of Physics in 1960 .

neg: Prix d'Astronautique The Prix d'Astronautique ( Astronautics Prize ) was an international award of the Société astronomique de France , the French astronomical society , given in recognition of the study of interplanetary travel and astronautics . Specifically , the award was given `` to recognize the best original scientific work , theoretical or experimental , that is able to advance one of the questions related to the realisation of space travel , or to increase human understanding of one of the branches related to the science of astronautics . ''   Established by aviation and astronautical pioneer Robert Esnault-Pelterie and André-Louis Hirsch , a sponsor for early astronautics in France , it was the first prize for astronautics in the world .   The idea for establishing the prize originated during a dinner Hirsch and Esnault-Pelterie organised in Paris on 26 December 1927 . Their guests discussed the emerging science of space travel , which they called `` astronautics '' at the suggestion of science fiction writer J.H. Rosny the elder . Hirsch and Esnault-Pelterie provided funds -- 5,000 francs annually for 1928 , 1929 , and 1930 -- to the Société astronomique de France , for an annual award in astronautics in their names : the Prix REP-Hirsch .   A Comité d'Astronautique was established within the Société astronomique de France to manage the prize . In addition to Hirsch , Esnault-Pelterie and Rosny the elder , the committee was composed of :  President : General Gustave-Auguste Ferrié  Vice-Presidents : Jean Perrin and Eugène Fichot  Members : Henri-Alexandre Deslandres , G. Urbain , Charles Fabry , Jules Baillaud , Em . Belot , Jos. Bethenod , Dr André Bing , général Charbonnier , H. Chrétien , Ernest Esclangon , Léon Gaumont , A. Lambert , Charles Maurain , Rodolphe Soreau .   The prize was awarded for 10 years , from 1929 to 1939 . In 1936 , the name of the award changed from the Prix REP-Hirsch to the Prix d'Astronautique .

neg: Raychaudhuri equation In general relativity , the Raychaudhuri equation , or Landau -- Raychaudhuri equation , is a fundamental result describing the motion of nearby bits of matter .   The equation is important as a fundamental lemma for the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems and for the study of exact solutions in general relativity , but has independent interest , since it offers a simple and general validation of our intuitive expectation that gravitation should be a universal attractive force between any two bits of mass-energy in general relativity , as it is in Newton 's theory of gravitation .   The equation was discovered independently by the celebrated Indian physicist Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri and the Soviet physicist Lev Landau .

neg: Pearl Meister Greengard Prize The Pearl Meister Greengard Prize is an award for women scientists in biology given annually by the Rockefeller University .   The Prize was founded by Nobel laureate Paul Greengard and his wife Ursula von Rydingsvard in honor of Greengard 's mother , Pearl Meister Greengard , who died giving birth to him . Greengard began funding the award in 1998 . Greengard donated the full share of his 2000 Nobel Prize to the fund , and was able to use his new publicity to attract additional funding for the award , which was launched in 2004 . The award is to combat discrimination against women in science , since , as Greengard observed , '' -LSB- women -RSB- are not yet receiving awards and honors at a level commensurate with their achievements . ''   Two recipients of the Prize , Carol Greider and Elizabeth Blackburn , have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .

neg: Physical Society of London The Physical Society of London , England , existed from 1874 to 1921 . It was a scientific society and produced the Proceedings of the Physical Society of London . In 1921 the society became the Physical Society and in 1960 merged with the Institute of Physics ( IOP ) , the combined organisation eventually adopting the name of the latter society .   The society was formed in 1874 due to the efforts of Professor Frederick Guthrie , Professor of Physics at the Royal College of Science , South Kensington , and his assistant , William Fletcher Barrett . They canvassed support for a ` Society for physical research ' and on 14 February 1874 , the Physical Society of London was formed with an initial membership of 29 people . The Society 's first president was John Hall Gladstone .   Meetings were held every two weeks , mainly at Imperial College London . From its beginning , the society held open meetings and demonstrations and published Proceedings of the Physical Society . The first Guthrie lecture , now known as the Faraday Medal and Prize , was delivered in 1914 . In 1921 the society became the Physical Society and in 1932 absorbed the Optical Society ( of London ) .   In 1960 the merger with the Institute of Physics took place , creating the Institute of Physics and the Physical Society , which combined the learned society tradition of the Physical Society with the professional body tradition of the Institute of Physics . Upon being granted a royal charter in 1970 , the organization renamed itself as the Institute of Physics .

neg: John Cardy John Lawrence Cardy FRS ( born 19 March 1947 , England ) is a British theoretical physicist at the University of California , Berkeley . He is best known for his work in theoretical condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics , and in particular for research on critical phenomena and conformal field theory .   He was an undergraduate and postgraduate student at Downing College , University of Cambridge , before moving to the University of California , Santa Barbara , where he joined the faculty in 1977 . In 1993 , he moved to the University of Oxford , where until 2014 he was a Fellow of All Souls College ( now Emeritus ) and a Professor of Physics in the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics . He currently holds a Visiting Professorship at the University of California , Berkeley .   He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1991 , received the Dirac Medal of the IoP in 2000 , was awarded the Lars Onsager Prize by the APS in 2004 , the Boltzmann Medal by IUPAP in 2010 , and the Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 2011 .   He is most known for his contributions to conformal field theory . The famous Cardy formula for black hole entropy , the Cardy formula in percolation theory , and the Cardy conditions in boundary conformal field theory are named after him .

neg: David E. Pritchard David E. Pritchard ( born October 15 , 1941 in New York City ) is physics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) . Professor Pritchard carried out pioneering experiments on the interaction of atoms with light that led to the creation of the field of atom optics . His demonstration of the diffraction of a beam of atoms by a grating made of light waves opened the way to studies of the diffraction , reflection , and focusing of matter waves , similar to those with light waves . He has applied atom optics to basic studies of quantum theory , to new methods for studying the properties of atoms , and to the creation of devices such as the atom interferometer and atom wave gyroscope .   In 1990 , he brought Wolfgang Ketterle to MIT as a postdoctoral researcher to work on atom cooling , and stepped aside from that field to allow Ketterle to be appointed to the faculty in 1992 . Ketterle pursued atom cooling to achieve Bose -- Einstein condensation in 1995 , a discovery for which Ketterle was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 , along with Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman of JILA , Boulder , Colorado . Professor Pritchard also mentored Eric Cornell , who was his graduate student .

neg: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester The School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester is one of the largest and most active Physics departments in the UK , taking around 250 new undergraduates and 50 postgraduates each year , and employing more than 80 members of academic staff and over 100 research fellows and associates . The school is based on two sites : the Schuster Laboratory on Brunswick Street and the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics in Cheshire , international headquarters of the Square Kilometre Array ( SKA ) .   According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities , the school is the 13th best Physics department in the world and 2nd best in Europe . It is ranked equal 7th place in the UK by GPA according to the Research Excellence Framework ( REF ) in 2014 . The University has a long history of physics dating back to 1874 , which includes 12 Nobel laureates , most recently Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for their discovery of graphene .

neg: Glazebrook Medal The Glazebrook Medal is awarded annually by the Institute of Physics to recognise leadership in the field of physics . It was established in 1966 and named in honour of Sir Richard T Glazebrook , the first president of the Institute of Physics .   The award consists of the medal , a cash prize and a certificate . In 1992 the Institute decided that the medal and prize should become one of its Premier Awards and that from 2008 it should be one of its Gold medals .

neg: Spacetime In physics , spacetime is any mathematical model that combines space and time into a single interwoven continuum .   Until the turn of the 20th century , the assumption had been that the three-dimensional geometry of the universe ( its description in terms of locations , shapes , distances , and directions ) was distinct from time ( the measurement of when events occur within the universe ) . However , Albert Einstein 's 1905 special theory of relativity postulated that the speed of light through empty space has one definite value -- a constant -- that is independent of the motion of the light source . Einstein 's equations precisely described important consequences of this fact : both the shape of space and the measurement of time simultaneously change for observers who have different relative velocities , which is to say , for observers who have different inertial frames of reference .   Einstein 's theory was framed in terms of kinematics ( the study of moving bodies ) , and showed how measurements of space and time varied for observers in different reference frames . His theory was a breakthrough advance over Lorentz 's 1904 theory of electromagnetic phenomena and Poincaré 's electrodynamic theory . Although these theories included equations identical to those that Einstein introduced ( i.e. the Lorentz transformation ) , they were essentially ad hoc models proposed to explain the results of various experiments -- including the famous Michelson -- Morley interferometer experiment -- that were extremely difficult to fit into existing paradigms .   In 1908 , Hermann Minkowski , expanding upon Einstein 's work , presented a geometric interpretation of special relativity that fused time and the three spatial dimensions of space into a single four-dimensional continuum now known as Minkowski space -- an example of what mathematicians call a 4‑dimensional manifold . A key feature of this interpretation is the definition of a spacetime interval that combines distance and time . Although measurements of distance and time between events differ among observers , the spacetime interval is independent of the inertial frame of reference in which they are recorded .

neg: Wolf Prize in Medicine The Wolf Prize in Medicine is awarded once a year by the Wolf Foundation in Israel . It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978 ; the others are in Agriculture , Chemistry , Mathematics , Physics and Arts . The Prize has been stated to be the second most prestigious award in science , and a significant predictor of the Nobel Prize .

neg: David Lindley (physicist) David Lindley ( born 1956 ) is a theoretical physicist and author . He holds a B.A. in theoretical physics from Cambridge University ( 1975 -- 1978 ) and a PhD in astrophysics from the University of Sussex ( 1978 -- 1981 ) . Then he was a postdoctoral researcher at Cambridge University . From 1983 to 1986 , he was a Research Fellow in the Theoretical Astrophysics Group at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory . He then served as Technical Editor and Writer with the Central Design Group for the Superconducting Supercollider at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in Berkeley , California . He was an Associate Editor at Nature ( 1987 -- 1993 ) , a Senior Editor of Science ( 1994 -- 1995 ) , and an Associate Editor of Science News ( 1996 -- 2000 ) . Since 2000 , he is a freelance science writer and consultant .   Lindley is known for writing entertaining scientific texts that show not only great knowledge of physics , but also a wit and understanding of what the layman can grasp . Most of his books explain the scientific theories through the use of a scientist 's biography or an historical account of disagreement amongst scientists .   In The End of Physics , Lindley challenged the assumption that string theorists might achieve a unified theory . He contended that particle physics was in danger of becoming a branch of aesthetics , since these theories could be validated only by subjective criteria , such as elegance and beauty , rather than through experimentation .

neg: Nucleon In chemistry and physics , nucleons are the proton and the neutron , which are the constituents of the atomic nucleus , and are themselves composed of down and up quarks . The number of nucleons defines an isotope 's mass number ( nucleon number ) . The atom is made up of a nucleus surrounded by electrons .   Until the 1960s , nucleons were thought to be elementary particles , not made up of smaller parts . Now they are known to be composite particles , made of three quarks bound together by the so-called strong interaction . The interaction between two or more nucleons is called internucleon interactions or nuclear force , which is also ultimately caused by the strong interaction . ( Before the discovery of quarks , the term `` strong interaction '' referred to just internucleon interactions . )   Nucleons sit at the boundary where particle physics and nuclear physics overlap . Particle physics , particularly quantum chromodynamics , provides the fundamental equations that explain the properties of quarks and of the strong interaction . These equations explain quantitatively how quarks can bind together into protons and neutrons ( and all the other hadrons ) . However , when multiple nucleons are assembled into an atomic nucleus ( nuclide ) , these fundamental equations become too difficult to solve directly ( see lattice QCD ) . Instead , nuclides are studied within nuclear physics , which studies nucleons and their interactions by approximations and models , such as the nuclear shell model . These models can successfully explain nuclide properties , for example , whether or not a certain nuclide undergoes radioactive decay .   The proton and neutron are both baryons and both fermions . One carries a positive net charge and the other carries a zero net charge ; the proton 's mass is only 0.1 % less than the neutron 's . Thus , they can be viewed as two states of the same nucleon , and together form an isospin doublet . In isospin space , neutrons can be transformed into protons via SU ( 2 ) symmetries , and vice versa . These nucleons are acted upon equally by the strong interaction , which is invariant under rotation in isospin space . According to the Noether theorem , isospin is conserved with respect to the strong interaction .

neg: Faraday Lectureship Prize The Faraday Lectureship Prize , previously known simply as the Faraday Lectureship is awarded once every three years ( approximately ) by the Royal Society of Chemistry for `` exceptional contributions to physical or theoretical chemistry '' . Named after Michael Faraday , the first Faraday Lecture was given in 1869 , two years after Faraday 's death , by Jean-Baptiste Dumas . As of 2009 , the prize was worth # 5000 , with the recipient also receiving a medal and a certificate . As the name suggests , the recipient also gives a public lecture describing his or her work .

neg: Fermat Prize The Fermat prize of mathematical research bi-annually rewards research works in fields where the contributions of Pierre de Fermat have been decisive :   Statements of variational principles  Foundations of probability and analytic geometry  Number theory .   The spirit of the prize is focused on rewarding the results of researches accessible to the greatest number of professional mathematicians within these fields . The Fermat prize was created in 1989 and is awarded once every two years in Toulouse by the Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse . The amount of the Fermat prize has been fixed at 20,000 Euros for the twelfth edition ( 2011 ) .


query: Lymelife takes place in 1990's Brooklyn.

pos: Lymelife Lymelife is a 2008 independent comedy-drama film written by brothers Derick Martini and Steven Martini , and directed by Derick Martini , depicting aspects of their life in 1970s Long Island from the perspective of a teenager . The film stars Alec Baldwin , Rory Culkin , and Emma Roberts . Martin Scorsese served as an executive producer .   The film debuted at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival , in September 2008 and won the International Federation of Film Critics Award ( FIPRESCI ) . After its theatrical release in 2009 , writer director Derick Martini was nominated for a Gotham Award for Breakthrough Director .

neg: Now and Then: From Coney Island to Here Now and Then is Joseph Heller 's 1998 memoir . The first half of the memoir focuses on Heller 's childhood in Coney Island and is , in fact , as much about the place as it is about the man . Heller describes growing up , his mother and half-siblings in a fundamentally safe and fun neighborhood of punch ball , football , amusement park , and Nathan 's Famous Hot Dog Stand .

neg: Coney Island Coney Island is a peninsular residential neighborhood , beach , and leisure/entertainment destination on the Coney Island Channel , which is part of the Lower Bay in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City . The site was formerly an outer barrier island but became partially connected to the rest of Long Island by land fill . The residential portion of the peninsula is a community of 60,000 people in its western part , with Sea Gate to its west , Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach to its east , the Lower Bay to the south , and Gravesend to the north .   Coney Island is well known as the site of amusement parks and a seaside resort . The attractions reached an historical peak during the first half of the 20th century , declining in popularity after World War II and years of neglect . In recent years , the area has seen the opening of MCU Park stadium and has become home to the Brooklyn Cyclones minor league baseball team , as well as the opening of a new amusement park among several adjacent ones .  __ TOC __

neg: East Rutherford, New Jersey East Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the borough 's population was 8,913 , reflecting an increase of 197 ( +2.3 % ) from the 8,716 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 814 ( +10.3 % ) from the 7,902 counted in the 1990 Census . It is an inner-ring suburb of New York City , located 7 mi west of Midtown Manhattan .   Under the terms of an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 17 , 1889 , a portion of the old Union Township was incorporated under the name of Boiling Springs Township . The new township took its name from a spring in the community . On March 28 , 1894 , the Borough of East Rutherford was created , based on the results of a referendum held the previous day , and Boiling Springs Township was dissolved . While there was no change in its borders , the name and form of government were changed . The borough was the second formed during the `` Boroughitis '' phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County , in which 26 boroughs were formed in the county in 1894 alone .   East Rutherford is the home of the Meadowlands Sports Complex , which includes Meadowlands Arena and MetLife Stadium , and was previously the location of Giants Stadium . The arena is best known as the longtime home of the New Jersey Nets of the National Basketball Association and the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League , and also hosted college basketball , arena football , concerts , and other events . MetLife Stadium is home of the New York Giants and New York Jets of the National Football League ( NFL ) and hosted Super Bowl XLVIII , which made East Rutherford the smallest city ever to host a Super Bowl . Giants Stadium , which hosted the Giants and Jets until 2009 , was also the original home of the New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer . East Rutherford is the only municipality with fewer than 10,000 residents to have been home to five professional sports teams simultaneously .   The borough is the site of the American Dream Meadowlands project , a large shopping center and entertainment complex under construction that was originally named `` Xanadu '' . If it were to be completed , it would be the second largest mall in the state behind the Westfield Garden State Plaza . Triple Five Group took control of the project in August 2013 , but faces lawsuits from the Giants and Jets , who claim that the increased traffic on game days will cause disruptions that violate their agreements with the original developer of the complex .

neg: The Young Adults The Young Adults were an American rock quintet based in Providence , Rhode Island , United States . They were formed by vocalist/saxophone player Bruce McCrae ( aka Rudy Cheeks ) , vocalist/drummer David Hansen ( aka Sport Fisher ) , drummer Jimmy Whittle , piano player Jeff Shore , guitarist Ed Vallee , and bassist Roy Gilley in the early 1970s . Their songs , with such titles as `` A Power Tool Is Not A Toy '' , `` Do The Heimlich '' and `` Christmas In Japan In July '' , were often satirical . They were regular performers at Lupo 's Heartbreak Hotel in Providence and had a rather large following .   In 1979 they released the single `` Complex World/Beer '' on Genius Records . `` Complex World '' became a local hit getting airplay on local radio.They broke up shortly thereafter due to conflicts over band direction . David Hansen moved to New York and formed the no wave band Cool It Reba in 1981 .   In 1987 , Lupo 's Heartbreak Hotel was in danger of closing so owner Rich Lupo came up with an idea . Lupo 's bartender Jim Wolpaw was nominated for an Oscar for a short film he had done , so they threw a benefit concert and filmed it and wrote a sub-plot about a club closing . In the process they got The Young Adults to reform to play a few shows at Lupo 's in July 1987 . The results were released as the film ( It 's A ) Complex World ( named after the Young Adults song ) and The Young Adults ' Helping Others album .   The former founding Young Adults band member , Thom Enright , died on February 20 , 2012 , aged 59 , from brain cancer .

neg: Coney Island USA Coney Island USA is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) not-for-profit arts organization founded in 1980 that is dedicated to the cultural and economic revitalization of the Coney Island neighborhood of the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City . Its landmark building in the heart Coney Island 's amusement district houses a theater in which the organization presents `` Sideshows by the Seashore '' , a showcase for performers with unusual talents that runs continuously during the warmer months , as well as the Coney Island Museum . It is also notable as the organizer of the annual Coney Island Mermaid Parade , the first of which took place in 1983 .   The Coney Island Museum features artifacts and memorabilia about the amusement park , beach and neighborhood 's history and culture , as well as changing exhibits of art and culture . The museum is open seasonally .   Coney Island USA was founded in 1980 by Costa Mantis , Jane Savitt-Tennen and Dick D. Zigun . Coney Island USA is governed by a Board of Directors currently composed of Jeff Birnbaum , Mark Alhadeff , Jane Crotty , Kate Dale , Carol Spawn Desmond , John di Domenico , Harris M. Falk , Marie Roberts , James Quigley , Anita Durst , Jon Dohlin , David Loewy , Lisa Mangels , Dick D. Zigun and James Fitzsimmons . Legal Advice is provided by Gibson , Dunn & Crutscher , LLP , Morgan , Lewis & Bockius , LLP and Frankfurt , Kurnit , Klein & Selz , PC ; financial advice is provided by Chris Yeboa , CPA , Yeboa & Lawrence , CPAs , & Business Consultants .   Coney Island USA is funded , in part , by the Lily Auchincloss Foundation , the Carnegie Corporation , the Fund for the City of New York ; the Independence Community Foundation , the Lemberg Foundation , the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs , the New York Community Trust , the New York Council for the Humanities , the New York State Council on the Arts , Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams , New York City Councilman Mark Treyger and its members .

neg: Van Pelt Manor Van Pelt Manor was the name given to an area of Brooklyn , New York that today is part of the section of Bensonhurst . In the early part of the 20th century , it gave its name to a railroad station , a post office , and Public School 128 was known as Van Pelt Manor grammar school .   Van Pelt Manor was an area in New Utrecht one of the Dutch towns in Brooklyn . Van Pelt Manor was originally owned by the descendants of Teunis Laenen van Pelt , an early Dutch settler . Some authors have written that Teunis Van Pelt was a `` Patroon '' who was granted manorial rights . Several other tracts of land in New York were designated as `` manors ' , such as Pelham Manor and Livingston Manor . However , author Harold D. Eberlein states : `` there never was a duly and legally constituted Van Pelt Manor and this appellation has no defense whatever on any historic grounds . In 1675 , 1678 and 1680 considerable tracts of land were acquired by Teunis Van Pelt , the emigre , and added to what he already had previously . These additional holdings in New Utrecht , mentioned in Governor Dongan 's Patent of 1686 , may have created the impression that the Van Pelts , who were always a prominent family in the neighbourhood , were paving the way for the erection of their possessions to the legal and administrative status of a manor , but if they cherished any such intention it was never consummated . ''   Eight generations of the Van Pelt family lived at Van Pelt Manor . Some of the more noteworthy were Captain Petrus Van Pelt , who was elected to the New York Provincial Congress in 1776 , Teunis Van Pelt Talmage , elected to the New York State Assembly , and John V.B. Van Pelt , the last elected Supervisor ( mayor ) of New Utrecht before it was annexed by the City of Brooklyn in 1894 . Townsend Cortelyou Van Pelt , brother of Supervisor Van Pelt , deeded the Van Pelt Manor House and surrounding grounds to the City of New York for one dollar in 1910 . The Manor House was torn down after a fire in 1952 , but the grounds , known as Milestone Park , are administered by the New York City Department of Parks as a small recreation area . In the early 1950s the house which was unprotected was used by neighborhood children to play in . The fire was suspected to have started by children whom often built small fires to stay warm while playing in the structure .

neg: B.A.L.L. B.A.L.L. ( pronounced `` ball '' ) were an American alternative rock band from New York City , formed in 1987 . The band was formed by Don Fleming , Kramer , David Licht and Jay Spiegel . The band disintegrated in 1990 , its members pursuing separate projects .

neg: Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash .   A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly .   This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .

neg: Lansing, New York Lansing ( -LSB- ˈlænsɪŋ -RSB- ) is a town in Tompkins County , New York , United States . The population was 11,033 at the 2010 census . The town is named after John Lansing . Settlers from Lansing were early residents of the then-township of Lansing , Michigan and named it after their hometown ; it would later become a city and the capital of Michigan .   The Town of Lansing has within it a village named Lansing . The town is on the north border of the county , north of the City of Ithaca .   In December 2014 , the Lansing Town Board unanimously adopted a resolution recognizing freedom from domestic violence as a fundamental human right .

neg: Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases .   At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more .   Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . ''   So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) .   Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog .   Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' .   Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark .   The Music of Life catalog includes songs from :   M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1  Thrashpack  She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo )  Daddy Freddy  Asher D  Tenor Fly  Nitty Gritty  Derek B  Hijack  Hardnoise  3 Knights  DJ Daddy  Leslie Lyrics  Norman Cook  Paul Oakenfold  George Clinton  Simon Harris ( label founder )  Einstein  Ambassadors of Funk  Afrika Bambaataa  Demon Boyz  Professor Griff  Clyde Stubblefield  Killa Instinct  S.L. Troopers  First Frontal Assault  Kobalt 60  Overlord X

neg: The Brooklyn Rail The Brooklyn Rail is a journal of arts , culture , and politics published monthly in Brooklyn , NY . The journal features in-depth interviews with artists , critics , and curators , as well as critical essays , fiction , and poetry , and coverage of music , dance , film , and theater . The Brooklyn Rail is free and is distributed in galleries , universities , museums , bookstores , and other cultural venues throughout New York City and Brooklyn , including Anthology Film Archives , the Brooklyn Public Library , the Brooklyn Museum , MoMA PS1 , BAM , La MaMa , The Kitchen , Columbia University School of the Arts , The New School , and Yale University , among others . The Rail also operates a small press that publishes literary translations , poetry , and art criticism under Rail Editions , and organizes panel discussions , poetry and fiction readings , film screenings , music and dance performances , and curates exhibitions through its program the Rail Curatorial Projects .

neg: Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC .   Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell .   The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic .   The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan .   Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .

neg: Long Island City Long Island City ( L.I.C. ) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens . L.I.C. is noted for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification , its waterfront parks , and its thriving arts community . L.I.C. has among the highest concentration of art galleries , art institutions , and studio space of any neighborhood in New York City . It is bordered by Astoria to the north ; the East River to the west ; Hazen Street , 49th Street , and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east ; and Newtown Creek -- which separates Queens from Greenpoint , Brooklyn -- to the south . It originally was the seat of government of the Town of Newtown , and remains the largest neighborhood in Queens . The area is part of Queens Community Board 1 , located north of the Queensboro Bridge and Queens Plaza ; it is also of Queens Community Board 2 to the south .   Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge , also known as the 59th Street Bridge , which is the only non-toll automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan . Northwest of the bridge terminus are the Queensbridge Houses , a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in North America .   __ TOC __

neg: City Life (magazine) City Life was a Manchester-based news , arts and listings magazine that was published between December 1983 and December 2005 . It was a distinctive blend of radical politics and coverage of the increasingly exciting Manchester youth culture scene of the early 1980s , coinciding with the rise of Factory Records and The Haçienda .   The magazine was started by a small group of former Manchester University students , Ed Glinert , Chris Paul and Andy Spinoza , on a shoestring budget in a run-down building in Portland Street in the city centre .   Glinert ran spiky and revelatory news stories about city politics and the great and good . Spinoza edited the arts and features and contributed a wide range of interviews and criticism . Paul was production editor and edited the sports section .   When launched in 1983 , the magazine was in a strong tradition of ` alternative ' Manchester publications which included ( in reverse chronology ) , City Fun , Manchester Flash , New Manchester Review and Mole Express , all of whose approach was to publish political and cultural content not reflected in the mainstream media of the city .   Despite City Life 's shoestring beginnings , it developed rapidly in professionalism and grew in prominence and influence in Manchester and beyond . Its life can be divided into two distinct periods , the first being the period 1983-89 when it was run as a workers ' co-operative which grew from the initial founding trio to 16 staff at its peak .   There is a consensus that this ` independent ' period was when the title had a rawer and radical edge than under its later ownership . Its political stories caused consternation and complaints - there were numerous spats with councils , quangos and occasionally blank spaces where legal injunctions had caused stories to be pulled just prior to printing .   Similarly , its arts writing can be seen as a vibrant record of a ground-level cultural renaissance taking place with the opening of new facilities as the Hacienda ( 1982 ) , the Green Room performance venue ( 1984 ) and the Cornerhouse visual arts centre ( 1985 ) ; this upsurge was typified by the imaginative re-using of old and vacant city centre buildings for arts and leisure , and can be seen as a key building block of what was later hailed as the physical regeneration of Manchester city centre through widespread commercial investment and property development .   In 1989 , it was bought by the Guardian Media Group ( GMG ) , publishers of The Guardian and The Manchester Evening News . GMG changed the style of the magazine , focusing more on listings and interviews , and branching out into publishing guide books and sponsoring events such as the City Life Food and Drink Festival and the City Life Comedian of the Year competition .   City Life formed a loose association in 1984/5 with some other regional listings magazines including Due South Magazine ( Southampton ) , Venue ( Bristol ) , Coaster ( Bournemouth ) , and The List ( Glasgow and Edinburgh ) . Of these only Venue and The List survive , having been continually published since 1982 and 1985 respectively .   In November 2005 it was announced that City Life was to close a solus publication , with the edition published on 7 December being the final one .   City Life now lives on as a 20-page supplement every Friday within the Manchester Evening News and continues to be the most read Whats On guide on the North of England ( 333k readers . Source : JICREG April 2014 ) . Its website http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/ regularly generates over a million page views every month from more than 250k unique users ( Source : Omniture September 2014 )   CityLife 's sister title ` CityLife Extra ' is a Free solus publication delivered every Thursday to 16k City Centre apartments and a further 6k copies handed out with the Manchester Evening News . Over half of its 64 pages are devoted to `` Urban Life '' , advertising property for sale in the city .

neg: Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . At 560000 sqft , the museum is New York City 's third largest in physical size and holds an art collection with roughly 1.5 million works .   Located near the Prospect Heights , Crown Heights , Flatbush , and Park Slope neighborhoods of Brooklyn and founded in 1895 , the Beaux-Arts building , designed by McKim , Mead and White , was planned to be the largest art museum in the world . The museum initially struggled to maintain its building and collection , only to be revitalized in the late 20th century , thanks to major renovations . Significant areas of the collection include antiquities , specifically their collection of Egyptian antiquities spanning over 3,000 years . African , Oceanic , and Japanese art make for notable antiquities collections as well . American art is heavily represented , starting at the Colonial period . Artists represented in the collection include Mark Rothko , Edward Hopper , Norman Rockwell , Winslow Homer , Edgar Degas , Georgia O'Keeffe , and Max Weber . The museum also has a `` Memorial Sculpture Garden '' which features salvaged architectural elements from throughout New York City .

neg: BRIC (nonprofit organization) BRIC ( which stands for Brooklyn Information & Culture ) is a nonprofit arts and media organization located in Brooklyn , New York City founded in 1979 . Its original name was `` Fund for the Borough of Brooklyn '' . In the fall of 2013 , it opened a 66,000 square-foot renovated former vaudeville theater providing a gallery , an additional space for film screenings , lectures , and readings , and a flexible performance space which will showcase dance , music , and theater admission to which will be mostly under $ 20 .   The organization offers classes in digital photography and video production at low cost .

neg: Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander Tamara Eugenia Awerbuch-Friedlander , PhD , is a biomathematician and public health scientist at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston , Massachusetts . Her primary research and publications focus on biosocial interactions that cause or contribute to disease . She also is believed to be the first female Harvard Faculty member to have had a jury trial for a lawsuit filed against Harvard University for sex discrimination .  Currently , she is an instructor in the Department of Global Health and Population of the Harvard School of Public Health . Since the beginning of this century , she has organized and carried out research on conditions that lead to the emergence , maintenance , and spread of epidemics . Her research encompasses sexually-transmitted diseases ( STDs ) such as HIV/AIDS , as well as vector-borne diseases , such as Lyme disease , dengue , and Zika virus and Zika fever . Dr. Awerbuch-Friedlander recently researched the spread and control of rabies based on an eco-historical analysis . Her work is interdisciplinary , and some of her publications are co-authored with international scientists and members of different departments of the HSPH and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology .   Ecology and evolutionary biology have traditionally been the dominant fields of mathematical biology , but public health fields are effectively contextualized within them . Conditions contributing to the emergence of epidemics are complex in nature , involving biological , ecological , behavioral , environmental , and socioeconomic factors . Most of her research mathematically models these factors as systems that lend themselves to qualitative and quantitative analysis . These models can be used to explore the effect of each factor in the presence of the others as well as new interventions . Many of these models are based on data collected in the field , whether they concern zoonotic diseases such as the population dynamics of the tick that transmits Lyme disease in the Northeastern part of the United States , or sexually transmitted diseases , such as the relative probabilities of HIV1 and HIV2 infection in a cohort of prostitutes in Senegal .   Some of her analytical mathematical models led to fundamental epidemiological discoveries , for example , that oscillations are an intrinsic property of tick dynamics . This means that a decrease in tick abundance in one year does not necessary imply that the same will happen in the next . She presented her work in many international conferences and at the Isaac Newton Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge , England , where she was invited to participate in the Program on Models of Epidemics .

neg: Survive AIDS Survive AIDS is the group formerly known as ACT UP/Golden Gate . In 1990 , the ACT UP chapter in San Francisco split into two chapters , the San Francisco chapter and the Golden Gate chapter . The catalyst for this was over decision-making processes , although it also involved many larger issues . According to ACT UP/Golden Gate , `` ACT UP Golden Gate concentrated on issues involving treatment and treatment access while ACT UP San Francisco focused on broader social issues involving public policy and politics . Over the next several years the two ACT UP chapters worked separately and together on local and national AIDS issues . '' But in 1994 , the two organizations stopped working together , and they grew further apart .   The AIDS Survival project writes , `` By the late '90s , ACT UP San Francisco developed a very different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment and began to align itself with groups that believe HIV does not cause AIDS and that it is the use of anti-HIV medications which make people get sick and die . ACT UP San Francisco members are now called ` AIDS dissidents ' because of views like these : antiretroviral drugs are harmful ; safer sex is unnecessary ; animal testing of medical therapies is unethical ; HIV is not the cause of AIDS . ''   In 2000 , ACT UP/Golden Gate changed its name to Survive AIDS , to disavow any connection with ACT UP San Francisco . In their March 21 , 2000 statement , they wrote : `` Over time ACT UP San Francisco became controlled by individuals who had a different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment . This in itself was not a problem . The problem was that any one who disagreed with them on this one issue was shouted down , intimidated and driven out of the group . Long term members , seeing the original ACT UP mission and philosophy destroyed , were forced out of the group in disgust . The statement read , in part , `` This new ACT UP San Francisco chapter harassed and stalked members of the AIDS community who disagreed with them about AIDS treatment strategy , first locally , then at national AIDS events . As time went on their tactics became more violent , culminating in physical assaults , which runs counter to the ACT UP philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience . ''

neg: Brooklyn (Waterbury) Brooklyn is a section/neighborhood of the city of Waterbury , Connecticut . Its name is derived from immigrants who moved up the road from Brooklyn in New York City . The area lies southwest of I-84 and west of route 8 , nestled between the sections of Town Plot and the South End . At its height , Brooklyn contained five grammar schools , three drug stores , three theaters , eight bakeries , two breweries , a library , a firehouse , a YMCA , and 22 taverns .

neg: Fiske Terrace, Brooklyn Fiske Terrace is a planned community and neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . Fiske Terrace is located in south central Brooklyn in the southern edge of the community of Flatbush and north of the community of Midwood . It is bounded by Glenwood Road on the north , Ocean Avenue on the east , the Bay Ridge Branch of the Long Island Rail Road/New York and Atlantic Railway right-of-way on the south , and the New York City Subway BMT Brighton Line subway line on the west .   Fiske Terrace was developed , along with Midwood Park with individually designed housing by the T.B. Ackerson Company in 1905 ; after the T. B. Ackerson Company bought what was then a forest , it was razed within 18 months , giving way to about 150 custom-made houses as well as streets and utilities . Prominent past residents included Richard Hellmann , creator and founder of `` Hellmann 's Mayonnaise '' , and Charles Ebbets , owner of Ebbets Field Baseball Stadium and the Brooklyn Dodgers . On March 18 , 2008 , the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission unanimously approved designation of the Fiske Terrace-Midwood Park Historic District . 250 homes were designated .   The community is served by the Avenue H ( formerly Fiske Terrace ) station of the BMT Brighton Line , whose century-old station house was declared a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on June 29 , 2004 . This allows renovations inside , but preserves the major structure and exterior . The contract to `` restore the landmark station control house '' as well as rehabilitation of the platforms and other stations structures was advertised for bids by the MTA for January 2007 . The official designation report describes the building :


query: Reds is an epic drama film.

pos: Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .

neg: Buffalo '66 Buffalo '66 is a 1998 comedy-drama film that is writer-director Vincent Gallo 's full-length motion picture debut . Vincent Gallo and Christina Ricci star in the lead roles and the supporting cast includes Mickey Rourke , Rosanna Arquette , Ben Gazzara , and Anjelica Huston . Gallo also composed and performed much of the music for the film .   The film received critical acclaim and Empire listed it as the 36th-greatest independent film ever made . It was filmed in and around Gallo 's native Buffalo , New York in winter . The film uses British progressive rock music in its soundtrack , notably King Crimson and Yes .   The title refers to the Buffalo Bills football team , with the number referring to the statement , `` They have n't won a championship since 1966 . '' This is critical to the plot which focuses on the Super Bowl in which the Bills , in the early 1990s , came very close to winning , but the game was blown with a missed field goal .

neg: Big Red Machine The Big Red Machine were the baseball teams of the Cincinnati Reds that dominated the National League from 1970 to 1979 . The team is widely recognized as being among the best teams in baseball history . Over that span , the team won six National League West Division titles , four National League pennants , and two World Series titles . The team 's combined record from 1970-1979 was 953 wins and 657 losses , an average of more than 95 wins per season .   Additionally , the core of that Reds team actually had the best record in the Major Leagues in 1981 , but did not make the postseason that year because of Bowie Kuhn 's split-season playoff format due to the player 's strike .

neg: October: Ten Days That Shook the World October : Ten Days That Shook the World translit . Oktyabr ' : Desyat ' dney kotorye potryasli mir ) is a 1928 Soviet silent historical film by Sergei Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov . It is a celebratory dramatization of the 1917 October Revolution commissioned for the tenth anniversary of the event . Originally released as October in the Soviet Union , the film was re-edited and released internationally as Ten Days That Shook The World , after John Reed 's popular book on the Revolution . In U.S. released by Amkino Corporation and First National ( later was a subsidiary of Warner Bros. ) .

neg: Profondo Rosso (soundtrack) The soundtrack to the film Deep Red was mainly composed and performed by the Italian progressive rock band Goblin . Director Dario Argento had originally contacted jazz pianist and composer Giorgio Gaslini to score the film , but he was unhappy with his output , deeming it `` awful '' . After failing to get Pink Floyd to write music for the film , Argento turned back to Italy and found Goblin . In the final score , only three of Gaslini 's original themes were retained ; however , in the film 's original theatrical release , Gaslini was given full composer credit for the entire score , while Goblin were wrongly credited only as performers -LSB- i.e. `` Music by Giorgio Gaslini , performed by Goblin '' -RSB- . This was corrected in subsequent home video releases .

neg: Gorky Film Studio Gorky Film Studio is a film studio in Moscow , Russian Federation . By the end of the Soviet Union , Gorky Film Studio had produced more than 1,000 films . Many film classics were filmed at the Gorky Film Studio throughout its history and some of these were granted international awards at various film festivals .

neg: Red Rock (TV series) Red Rock is an Irish Drama set in a fictional seaside town near Dublin . It was first shown on TV3 on 7 January 2015 , and is produced by Element Pictures and Company Pictures .   The show is based around Red Rock 's local Garda Station . It also features two feuding families , the Kielys and the Hennessys , whose battles often involve them with the Gardaí . All episodes are filmed on location or in studios based at the old John Player Factory in Dublin .   Internationally it has been shown on Amazon Prime in North America and BBC One in the UK .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Dances with Wolves Dances with Wolves is a 1990 American epic Western film directed by , produced by , and starring Kevin Costner . It is a film adaptation of the 1988 book of the same name by Michael Blake and tells the story of a Union Army lieutenant who travels to the American frontier to find a military post and his dealings with a group of Lakota Indians .   Costner developed the film with an initial budget of $ 15 million . Dances with Wolves had high production values and won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Drama . Much of the dialogue is spoken in Lakota with English subtitles . It was shot in South Dakota and Wyoming , and translated by Albert White Hat , the chair of the Lakota Studies Department at Sinte Gleska University .   The film is credited as a leading influence for the revitalization of the Western genre of filmmaking in Hollywood . In 2007 , Dances with Wolves was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .

neg: Red Bird (web series) Red Bird is an American Western web series . Created by Misti Boland and Jeremy Osbern , the series stars Alexandra Goodman , Ian Stark , Armin Shimerman , Kitty Swink , Mike McShane , and John Prosky . The series of eight three to five minute episodes premiered on YouTube and the show 's website in March 2016 .   Tubefilter , in their Indie Spotlight , described the series as `` a female revenge tale featuring Kitty Mae , who is seeking to get even with the gunman who killed her only son in cold blood . ''   The Daily Dot issued a positive review of the series , noting that from `` costumes to locations to an original soundtrack that has presence and bite , it looks and sounds just as you 'd imagine the creators -- husband and wife Jeremy Osbern and Misti Boland -- desired it . '' But the reviewer also longed for more time with each episode , stating that episodes `` are centered around single set pieces or scenes that although well-scripted and shot , are short , mostly coming in at around three minutes . ''   Red Bird was shot on location and on sets in Colorado and Kansas and incorporated real horses , authentic old west set pieces , and practical gunshot and blood effects .

neg: Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema .   In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe .   The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt .   The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity .   The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .

neg: Redacted (film) Redacted is a 2007 American war film written and directed by Brian De Palma . It is a fictional dramatization , loosely based on the 2006 Mahmudiyah killings in Mahmoudiyah , Iraq , when U.S. Army soldiers raped an Iraqi girl and murdered her along with her family . This film , which is a companion to an earlier film by De Palma , 1989 's Casualties of War , was shot in Jordan .   Redacted premiered at the 2007 Venice Film Festival , where it earned a Silver Lion `` best director '' award . It was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival , the New York Film Festival and the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema . The film opened in Spain , and in fifteen theaters in limited release in the United States on November 16 , 2007 . The film received mixed reactions from critics and a poor financial response in its limited U.S. release .

neg: Russian World Studios Russian World Studios was founded in 1984 by Yuri Sapronov and Andrei Smirnov , and is one of the largest film and television production companies in the Russian market . As of 1992 , the company has produced or serviced over 400 film and television projects . The studio has worked with Sony Pictures Television International , Hallmark Entertainment , HBO Films , and Beacon Pictures . RWS offers a range of film production services as well as their own distribution department , which sells in-house film and TV series on the international market . The company 's film studios are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg .   At the end of 2007 RWS joined JSFC `` Sistema '' , the largest diversified holding company in Russia . This new partnership has allowed RWS to focus on three main areas of growth : studio facilities , including the expansion of the new St. Petersburg studio ; production , including the expansion and efficient use of the content library ; and distribution of content across current and emerging media platforms .

neg: The Red Apple (film) The Red Apple ( -LSB- Красное яблоко , Krasnoe yabloko -RSB- ) is a Soviet drama film directed by Tolomush Okeyev . It was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival .

neg: Red vs. Blue (season 11) The eleventh season of the American action comedy science fiction animated/machinima web series Red vs. Blue premiered on June 14 , 2013 , and concluded on November 11 , 2013 . The series is created and produced by Rooster Teeth Productions and is loosely based in the Halo universe . The season premiered on June 14 , 2013 , while the rest of the episodes were released on Rooster Teeth 's website on Mondays starting June 24 , 2013 . It is the first season of the Chorus Trilogy .   The season returns to a similar format that was used in the Blood Gulch Chronicles , where both teams are in a boxed canyon and do nothing but talk to each other . Also like the first seven seasons of the series , Season 11 '' featured no pre-rendered character animation sequences .

neg: Property of the Republic Property of the Republic ( -LSB- Достоя́ние респу́блики , Dostoyanie respubliki -RSB- ) is a 1971 Soviet two-part adventure film directed by Vladimir Bychkov . Detective story takes place during the Civil War in Russia . The picture was the 44th most attended domestic film in the Soviet Union .

neg: Grandads-Robbers Grandads-Robbers ( -LSB- Старики́ -- разбо́йники , Stariki-razboyniki -RSB- ) is a 1972 Soviet comedy-drama by Eldar Ryazanov , filmed on Mosfilm .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Golden Mountains (film) Golden Mountains ( -LSB- Златые горы , Zlatye gory -RSB- ) is a 1931 Soviet silent drama film directed by Sergei Yutkevich . A re-edited sound version of the film as released in 1936 .

neg: Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .

neg: Hustle (2004 film) Hustle is a television film about baseball player Pete Rose , created by ESPN Films . It was first broadcast on September 25 , 2004 . The movie follows Rose as he gambled on Major League Baseball while managing the Cincinnati Reds , then was caught and banned from baseball for life . The title , Hustle , is a reference to both Rose 's gambling problem and his nickname , `` Charlie Hustle . ''   The movie stars Tom Sizemore as Pete Rose and was directed by Peter Bogdanovich .