query: New York's most populous city is New York City with 8 million citizens.

pos: New York New York is a state in the northeastern United States , and is the 27th-most extensive , fourth-most populous , and seventh-most densely populated U.S. state . New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut , Massachusetts , and Vermont to the east . The state has a maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean with Rhode Island , east of Long Island , as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest . The state of New York , with an estimated 19.8 million residents in 2015 , is also referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City , the state 's most populous city and its economic hub .   With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . New York City is a global city , exerting a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . The home of the United Nations Headquarters , New York City is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . New York City makes up over 40 % of the population of New York State . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area , and nearly 40 % lives on Long Island . Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York , future King James II of England . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany .   New York has a diverse geography . The southern part of the state consists of Long Island and several smaller associated islands , as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley , most of which lie within the wider Atlantic Coastal Plain . The large region known as Upstate New York consists of several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains , including the Allegheny Plateau and Catskills along New York 's Southern Tier , and the Adirondack Mountains , Thousand Islands archipelago , and Saint Lawrence Seaway in the Northeastern lobe of the state . These more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys -- the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley , which forms the core of the Erie Canal . Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario and Lake Erie . Between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls . The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes , a popular vacation and tourist destination .   New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York . The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade and proselytizing . In 1609 , the region was claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch , who built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers , where the present-day capital of Albany later developed . The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley , establishing the colony of New Netherland , a multicultural community from its earliest days and a center of trade and immigration . The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664 . The borders of the British colony , the Province of New York , were similar to those of the present-day state .   Many landmarks in New York are well known to both international and domestic visitors , with New York State hosting four of the world 's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013 : Times Square , Central Park , Niagara Falls ( shared with Ontario ) , and Grand Central Terminal . New York is home to the Statue of Liberty , a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom , democracy , and opportunity . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability . New York 's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities , including Columbia University , Cornell University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .

neg: New York City mayoral elections The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year . The city , which elects the mayor as its chief executive , consists of the five boroughs ( Manhattan , The Bronx , Brooklyn , Queens and Staten Island ) , which consolidated to form `` Greater '' New York on January 1 , 1898 .   The consolidated city 's first mayor , Robert A. Van Wyck , was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897 . Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller , unconsolidated City of New York ( Manhattan , later expanded into the Bronx ) .   The current mayor , now in his first term , is Bill de Blasio . He was elected on November 5 , 2013 , to a four-year term that began on January 1 , 2014 .

neg: List of U.S. cities with significant Chinese-American populations Cities considered to have significant Chinese-American populations are large U.S. cities or municipalities with a critical mass of at least 1 % of the total urban population ; medium-sized cities with a critical mass of at least 1 % of their total population ; and small cities with a critical mass of at least 10 % of the total population .   According to the 2012 Census estimates , the three metropolitan areas with the largest Chinese-American populations were the Greater New York Combined Statistical Area at 735,019 people , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area at 629,243 people , and the Greater Los Angeles Combined Statistical Area at about 566,968 people . In the post-1965 era , first - and second-generation immigrants include those from Mainland China , Hong Kong Macau , and Taiwan . Also included in the Chinese-American population enumeration are ethnic Chinese from Malaysia and Vietnam who might identify themselves as Chinese , thus skewing the census reporting .   New York City is home to by far the highest Chinese-American population of any city proper , with an estimated 573,388 Chinese-Americans in New York City , significantly higher than the total of the next five cities combined ; multiple large Chinatowns in Manhattan , Brooklyn ( three ) , and Queens ( three ) are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves , as large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York , with the largest metropolitan Chinese population outside Asia . The Los Angeles County city of Monterey Park has the highest percentage of Chinese-Americans of any municipality , at 43.7 % of its population , or 24,758 people . The San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County in particular has one of the most prominent collections of U.S. suburbs with large foreign-born Chinese-speaking populations , ranging from working-class individuals residing in Rosemead and El Monte to wealthier immigrants living in Arcadia , San Marino , and Diamond Bar . A similar demographic shift has also taken place in the southern half of the San Francisco Bay Area . Conversely , the suburbs of New York City within the state of New Jersey are notable for their widespread and increasing prevalence of Chinese-Americans ( see list below ) , reflecting their general affluence and propensity for professional occupations .

neg: Lists of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers This is a list of lists by year of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers .   The New York Times Best Seller list was first published without fanfare on 12 October 1931 . It consisted of five fiction and four non-fiction for the New York City region only . The following month the list was expanded to eight cities , with a separate list for each city .   By the early 1940s , fourteen cities were included . A national list was created 9 April 1942 , in The New York Times Book Review ( Sundays ) as a supplement to the regular paper 's city lists ( Monday edition ) . The national list ranked by weighting how many times the book appeared in each city list .   A few years later , the city lists were eliminated leaving only the national rankings , which was compiled according to `` reports from leading booksellers in 22 cities , '' a system which remains , although the specifics have changed .

neg: United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President .   New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate .   Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % .   New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election .   New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % .   This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County .   A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State .   In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead .   This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .

neg: Statistical area (United States) The United States federal government defines and delineates the nation 's metropolitan areas for statistical purposes , using a set of standard statistical area definitions . As of 2013 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) defined and delineated 388 metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) and 541 micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) in the United States and Puerto Rico . Many of these 929 MSAs and μSAs are , in turn , components of larger combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) consisting of adjacent MSAs and μSAs that are linked by commuting ties ; as of 2013 , 524 metropolitan and micropolitan areas are components of the 169 defined CSAs .   Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas are defined as consisting of one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents with at least one urban core area meeting relevant population thresholds , plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core , as measured by commuting ties . A metropolitan statistical area has at least one urban core with a population of at least 50,000 . In a micropolitan statistical area , the largest urban core has a population of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 . __ TOC __

neg: Yorktown, New York Yorktown is a town that lies on the north border in Westchester County , New York , in a suburb approximately 38 mi north of midtown Manhattan . The population was 36,081 at the 2010 census .

neg: Long Island City Long Island City ( L.I.C. ) is the westernmost residential and commercial neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens . L.I.C. is noted for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification , its waterfront parks , and its thriving arts community . L.I.C. has among the highest concentration of art galleries , art institutions , and studio space of any neighborhood in New York City . It is bordered by Astoria to the north ; the East River to the west ; Hazen Street , 49th Street , and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east ; and Newtown Creek -- which separates Queens from Greenpoint , Brooklyn -- to the south . It originally was the seat of government of the Town of Newtown , and remains the largest neighborhood in Queens . The area is part of Queens Community Board 1 , located north of the Queensboro Bridge and Queens Plaza ; it is also of Queens Community Board 2 to the south .   Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge , also known as the 59th Street Bridge , which is the only non-toll automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan . Northwest of the bridge terminus are the Queensbridge Houses , a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in North America .   __ TOC __

neg: New York City ethnic enclaves Since its founding in 1625 by Dutch traders as New Amsterdam , New York City has been a major destination for immigrants of many nationalities who have formed ethnic enclaves , neighborhoods dominated by one ethnicity . Freed African American slaves also moved to New York City in the Great Migration and the later Second Great Migration and formed ethnic enclaves . These neighborhoods are set apart from the main city by differences such as food , goods for sale , or even language . Ethnic enclaves provide inhabitants security in work and social opportunities , but limit economic opportunities , do not encourage the development of English speaking , and keep immigrants in their own culture .   , 36 % of the population of New York City are immigrants .  African Americans , Haitian Americans , Jamaican Americans , Indo-Caribbean Americans , and Trinidadian Americans have all formed Caribbean ethnic enclaves in New York . Asian ethnic groups with enclaves in New York include Chinese Americans , Japanese Americans , Filipino Americans , Indian Americans , Indo-Caribbean Americans , Afghan Americans , Burmese Americans , Bangladeshi Americans , Nepalese Americans , Sri Lankan Americans , Bhutanese Americans , Thai Americans , Pakistani Americans , Indonesian Americans , Malaysian Americans , Taiwanese Americans , and Korean Americans . European ethnic groups with ethnic enclaves include Greek Americans , Irish Americans , Italian Americans , Albanian Americans , Jewish Americans , Polish Americans , and Russian Americans . Latin American groups with ethnic enclaves include Dominican Americans , Guyanese , Salvadoran American , Ecuadorian American , Mexican Americans , and Puerto Ricans . Middle Eastern ethnic groups that have formed ethnic enclaves include Palestinian Americans , Jordanian Americans , Egyptian Americans , Syrian Americans and Lebanese Americans . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world .

neg: Transportation in New Jersey Transportation in New Jersey utilizes a combination of road , rail , air , and water modes . New Jersey is situated between Philadelphia and New York City , two major metropolitan centers of the Boston-Washington megalopolis , making it a regional corridor for transportation . As a result , New Jersey 's freeways carry high volumes of interstate traffic and products . The main thoroughfare for long distance travel is the New Jersey Turnpike , the nation 's fifth-busiest toll road . The Garden State Parkway connects the state 's densely populated north to its southern shore region . New Jersey has the 4th smallest area of U.S. states , but its population density of 1,196 persons per sq. mi ( 462 persons per km2 ) causes congestion to be a major issue for motorists .   New Jersey has a statewide mass transit system , centered on transportation to New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey Transit , the chief operator of intrastate public transportation , manages three separate light rail systems , eleven commuter rail lines , and a statewide bus system . The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH ) links transportation hubs in Manhattan and northeastern New Jersey , while the PATCO Speedline connects downtown Philadelphia to Camden County , New Jersey . Intercity rail is operated by Amtrak along the Northeast Corridor between the major population centers of the Northeastern United States . In addition , New Jersey is home to Newark Liberty International Airport , the nation 's fifth-busiest international gateway , and the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , the principal container ship facility of the New York metropolitan area .

neg: Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan , also known as Downtown Manhattan , is the southernmost part of Manhattan , the central borough for business , culture , and government in the City of New York , which itself originated at the southern tip of Manhattan Island in 1624 .

neg: New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol , the seat of New York State government , is located in Albany , the capital city of the U.S. state of New York . The capitol building is part of the Empire State Plaza complex on State Street in Capitol Park . Housing the New York State Legislature , the building was completed in 1899 at a cost of US$ 25 million ( equivalent to $ million in ) , making it the most expensive government building of its time . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 , then included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was listed in 1978 . The New York State Capitol was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1979 .

neg: Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment .   The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria .   Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl .   Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .

neg: Brooklyn Community Board 12 Brooklyn Community Board 12 is New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Borough Park , Kensington , Ocean Parkway , and Midwood . It is delimited by 61st Street on the west , 8th Avenue , 37th Street and Caton Avenue on the north , Coney Island Avenue , 18th Street , MacDonald Avenue and Long Island Rail Road on the east , as well as by Avenue P on the south .   Its current chairman is Yidel Perlstein , and its district manager is Barry Spitzer .   As of the United States Census 2000 , the Community Board has a population of 185,046 , up from 160,018 in 1990 and 155,903 in 1980 .  Of them ( as of 2000 ) , 120,697 ( 65.2 % ) are White non Hispanic , 5,398 ( 2.9 % ) are African-American , 26,030 ( 14.1 % ) Asian or Pacific Islander , 206 ( 0.1 % ) American Indian or Native Alaskan , 2,089 ( 1.1 % ) of some other race , 6,224 ( 3.4 % ) of two or more race , 24,402 ( 13.2 % ) of Hispanic origins .  44.1 % of the population benefit from public assistance as of 2004 , up from 25.6 % in 2000 .  The land area is 2304.1 acre .

neg: Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil .   The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .

neg: City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City .   A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states .   Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .

neg: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York is a Latin Catholic archdiocese in New York State . It encompasses the boroughs of Manhattan , the Bronx and Staten Island in New York City and the Counties of Dutchess , Orange , Putnam , Rockland , Sullivan , Ulster , and Westchester in New York . The Archdiocese of New York is the second-largest diocese in the United States , encompassing 296 parishes that serve around 2.8 million Catholics in addition to hundreds of Catholic schools , hospitals and charities . The Archdiocese also operates the well-known St. Joseph 's Seminary , commonly referred to as Dunwoodie . The Archdiocese of New York is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of New York which includes the suffragan dioceses of Albany , Brooklyn , Buffalo , Ogdensburg , Rochester , Rockville Centre and Syracuse .   The Latin name of the archdiocese is Archidioecesis Neo-Eboracensis ( Eboracum being the Roman name of York , England ) , and the corporate name is Archdiocese of New York .   It publishes a bi-weekly newspaper , Catholic New York , the largest of its kind in the United States .

neg: Farmers' Market (New York City) There are over 50 farmer 's markets in New York City in all boroughs , which operate under GrowNYC under the `` Greenmarket '' name . GrownNYC 's food hub , `` Greenmarket , '' includes Greenmarket Co. , Youthmarket , Fresh Food Box , and the Wholesale Greenmarket under it 's programming .   Greenmarket farmers market aims to encourage regional agriculture by allowing small family farms to sell their locally grown fruits , vegetables , flowers , dairy and other products , so that people in New York of all incomes and in all parts , have access to the fresh , nutritious , provincial , affordable and sustainable goods .   GrownNYC 's network , Greenmarket Co. has customers that range from Michelin starred restaurants , popular food retailers to family run bodegas , senior centers and soap kitchens ; and their sources are not only from small to mid sized farms in Northeast region of New York State and New York City but also from farms in New Jersey , Pennsylvania and New England , providing New Yorkers with a bountiful and diverse array of fresh foods ☂ .   One well-known farmer 's market in New York is the Union Square Greenmarket which was founded in 1976 , held year-round on Mondays , Wednesdays , Fridays and Saturdays with changing vendors on different days . The number of regional farmers , fishers , and bakers go as high as 140 during the most popular seasons , when the market is visited by food-enthusiast New Yorkers . Union square farmers market offers seasonal , fresh fruits and vegetables , artisanal cheeses , meats , breads , pickles , jams , wines , flowers amongst many others . The market is situated at the city 's one of the most vibrant locations and allows about 60,000 people to shop , taste and tour while meeting with farmers

neg: Law enforcement in New York City Law enforcement in New York City is carried out by numerous law enforcement agencies . New York City has the highest concentration of law enforcement agencies in the United States .   As with the rest of the US , agencies operate at federal and state levels . However , New York City 's unique nature means many more operate at lower levels .

neg: NYC Health + Hospitals NYC Health + Hospitals , officially the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation ( HHC ) , operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City . A public benefit corporation with $ 6.7 billion in annual revenues , HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients , including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents , providing services interpreted in more than 190 languages . HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation ( Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969 ) . It is similar to a municipal agency , but has a Board of Directors . It operates 11 acute care hospitals , five nursing homes , six diagnostic and treatment centers , and more than 70 community-based primary care sites , serving primarily the poor and working class . HHC 's own MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area 's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half a million New Yorkers .   Each year HHC 's facilities provide about 225,000 inpatient admissions , one million emergency room visits and five million clinic visits to New Yorkers . HHC facilities treat nearly one-fifth of all general hospital discharges and more than one third of emergency room and hospital-based clinic visits in New York City .   The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital , the oldest public hospital in the United States . Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City . The president of HHC is Stanley Brezenoff .   The organization underwent a rebranding initiative in November 2015 , shortening its name from 40 characters to 19 characters , as `` NYC Health + Hospitals '' .

neg: Brooklyn Community Board 9 Brooklyn Community Board 9 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights , Prospect Lefferts Gardens , and Wingate . It is delimited by Ocean Avenue and Flatbush Avenue on the west , Eastern Parkway on the north , Rochester , East New York and Utica Avenues on the east , as well as by Clarkson Avenue on the south .   Its former acting chairperson Laura Imperiale , and district manager Pearl R. Miles . Miles were accused of `` doing things without involving the community , '' per another community leader .   As of the 2000 US Census , the Community Board oversaw a population of 104,014 , down from 110,715 in 1990 but up from 96,667 in 1980 .  Of them ( as of 2000 ) , 79,466 ( 76.4 % ) are African-American , 11,733 ( 11.3 % ) are White non Hispanic , 8,581 ( 8.2 % ) of Hispanic origins , 2,416 ( 2.3 % ) of two or more race , 819 ( 0.8 % ) Asian or Pacific Islander , 816 ( 0.8 % ) of some other race , and 183 ( 0.2 % ) American Indian or Native Alaskan , .  36.4 % of the population benefit from public assistance as of 2004 , up from 20.8 % in 2000 .  The land area is 1002.7 acre .


query: Ethiopia has around 500 ethnolinguistic groups.

pos: Ethiopia Ethiopia ( -LSB- ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə -RSB- ኢትዮጵያ , , ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ , yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk ) , is a country located in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast , Djibouti and Somalia to the east , Sudan and South Sudan to the west , and Kenya to the south . With over 100 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world , as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria . It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 km2 , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa .   Some of the oldest evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC , Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history . During the first centuries AD , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . Ethiopia derived prestige with its uniquely successful military resistance during the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , becoming the only African country to defeat a European colonial power and retain its sovereignty . Subsequently , many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopia 's flag following their independence . It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations . In 1974 , at the end of Haile Selassie 's reign , power fell to a communist military dictatorship known as the Derg , backed by the Soviet Union , until it was defeated by the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front , which has ruled since about the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 .   Ethiopia 's ancient Ge'ez script , also known as Ethiopic , is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world . The Ethiopian calendar , which is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar , co-exists alongside the Borana calendar . A majority of the population adheres to Christianity ( mainly the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and P'ent ` ay ) , while around a third follows Islam ( primarily Sunni Islam ) . The country is the site of the Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash . A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews , known as Bete Israel , resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s , but most of them have since emigrated to Israel . Ethiopia is a multilingual nation with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups , the four largest of which are the Oromiffa , Amhara , Somali , and Tigrayans . Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches . Additionally , Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions . Nilo-Saharan languages are also spoken by the nation 's Nilotic ethnic minorities .   Ethiopia is the place of origin for the coffee bean which originated from the place called Kefa ( which was one of the 14 provinces in the old Ethiopian administration ) . It is a land of natural contrasts , with its vast fertile West , jungles , and numerous rivers , and the world 's hottest settlement of Dallol in its north . The Ethiopian Highlands are Africa 's largest continuous mountain ranges , and Sof Omar Caves contain Africa 's largest cave . Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa .   Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the UN , the Group of 24 ( G-24 ) , the Non-Aligned Movement , G-77 and the Organisation of African Unity . Ethiopia 's capital city Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of the African Union , the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry , the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa , African Aviation Training HQ , the African Standby Force , and many of the global NGOs focused on Africa . In the 1970s and 1980s , Ethiopia suffered from civil wars and communist purges which devastated its economy . The country has begun to recover recently however , and now has the largest economy ( by GDP ) in East Africa and Central Africa . According to Global Fire Power , Ethiopia has the 42nd most powerful military in the world , and the third most powerful in Africa .

neg: Eastern Jebel languages The Eastern Jebel languages are a small subfamily belonging to the Eastern Sudanic subgroup of Nilo-Saharan . They are spoken in the hills of An Nil al Azraq province in eastern Sudan ( the name `` Jebel '' is simply Arabic for `` mountain '' . ) The group consists of :  Gaam ( also called `` Ingassana '' or `` Tabi '' )  Aka ( Silak )  Kelo ( Tornasi )  Molo ( Malkan ) .   Gaam has some 40 -- 80,000 speakers , whereas the other three are on the verge of extinction . Gaam was believed to be the only member of this group until more information about Aka , Kelo , and Molo was obtained by Bender ; the latter three languages have been significantly influenced by Berta .   Gaam is spoken in a compact area around the towns of Bau , Bobuk , Kukur , and Sawda in the Tabi Hills , roughly 11 ° 15 ′ -- 30 ′ N by 33 ° 55 ′ -- 34 ° 10 ′ E . The other three are spoken in isolated pockets to its south : Aka in the Sillok Hills , Kelo in the Tornasi Hills on jebels Tornasi ( Kayli village ) and Beni Sheko , and Molo at Jebel Malkan near the Ethiopian border .

neg: People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia The People 's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( PDRE ) was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991 , as established by the Communist government of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Workers ' Party of Ethiopia ( WPE ) . Its creation led to the dissolution of the Derg , the military junta formerly in charge of the country . A Marxist-Leninist one-party state with the WPE as supreme authority took its place , though the WPE 's leadership was dominated by the surviving members of the Derg .   After five years of preparation , a socialist state was officially proclaimed in 1984 , and the WPE was formed as the country 's only legal party . It was a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party modeled on its counterparts in Europe . The PDRE officially came into existence on 22 February 1987 , three weeks after the national referendum that approved the 1987 constitution , although the Derg remained in power as late as September , long after the 14 June general election that elected the members of the National Shengo ( the legislature ) .   The WPE was officially granted a monopoly of power as the `` leading force in the state and society . '' The government was highly centralized and for all intents and purposes acted as merely a transmission belt for the party .   Throughout the PDRE 's brief life , its authority was challenged not only by armed militants in Eritrea , which had been annexed to Ethiopia several decades earlier , but also by internal resistance groups , foremost of which was the Tigrayan Peoples ' Liberation Front . The PDRE came to an end in May 1991 , when Mengistu fled Ethiopia and military units of the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front entered Addis Ababa .

neg: List of conflicts in Ethiopia This is a list of conflicts in Ethiopia arranged chronologically from medieval to modern times . This list includes both nation-wide and international types of war , including ( but not limited to ) the following : wars of independence , liberation wars , colonial wars , undeclared wars , proxy wars , territorial disputes , and world wars . Also listed might be any battle that occurred within the territory of what is today known as the , `` Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia '' but was itself only part of a operation of a campaign of a theater of a war . There may also be periods of violent civil unrest listed , such as : riots , shootouts , spree killings , massacres , terrorist attacks , and civil wars . The list might also contain episodes of : human sacrifice , mass suicide , massacres , and genocides .

neg: Welayta people Wolayta ( also spelled Wolaitta ) ( Ethiopic : ወላይታ Wolaytta ) is the name of an ethnic group and its former kingdom , located in southern Ethiopia . According to the most recent census ( 2007 ) , the people of Wolayta number 1.7 million , or 2.31 percent of the country 's population , of whom 289,707 are city-dwellers . The language of the Wolayta people , similarly called Wolaytta , belongs to the Omotic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family . Despite their small population , Wolayta people have widely influenced national music , dance and cuisine in Ethiopia .

neg: Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world .   The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south .   Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed .   The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .

neg: Awi people The Awi people are an ethnic group in Ethiopia , and are grouped as one of the Agaw people . The Awis live in Agew Awi Zone in Central Gojjam , and have a few communities in the Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region .

neg: Mane people The Manes ( so called by the Portuguese ) or Mani or Manneh were invaders who attacked the western coast of Africa from the east , beginning during the first half of the sixteenth century . Walter Rodney has suggested that `` the Mane invaders of Sierra Leone comprised two principal elements -- a ruling élite originating in the southern section of the Mande world of the Western Sudan , and numerical forces drawn from the area around Cape Mount '' ; the first half of the sixteenth century would have taken Mande clans to the Liberian coast `` from the region around Beyla and perhaps even from the hinterland of modern Ghana , '' followed by more incursions during the third quarter of the century , bringing both exploitation of the local peoples and improved military techniques and iron and cloth manufacture . `` They also profoundly influenced religious and social patterns , particularly with respect to the secret societies of the area . '' Yves Person identified the early Mane leaders with the Kamara or Camara clan , `` with traditions relating to the sea , '' from `` the Konyan highlands around Beyla . '' George E. Brooks says they were originally led by `` a woman of reputedly elite status from the Mali Empire named Macarico , '' who `` left the Konyan highlands around the mid-1500s and traversed present-day Liberia in a south-southwest direction ... Along the way the Mani allied with Sumbas , people speaking Kruan languages . ''

neg: Hadar, Ethiopia Hadar ( also spelled Adda Da'ar ; Afar `` treaty -LSB- ahdi -RSB- stream -LSB- d'ar -RSB- '' ) is a village in Ethiopia , on the southern edge of the Afar Triangle . The village is known for the nearby archaeological digs which have yielded some well-known hominin fossils .   According to Jon Kalb , early maps show caravan routes passing within 10 or 15 kilometers of Hadar but not through it . The British explorer L.M. Nesbitt passed 15 kilometres west of Hadar in 1928 .

neg: Ethnolinguistic group An ethnolinguistic group ( or ethno-linguistic group ) is one of the types of group identity that defines membership of an ethnic group . Members are unified by a common language ( and possibly script ) .   Herodotus ( 484 -- 425 BC ) enumerated shared language , homoglōsson ( `` speaking the same language '' ) , as one of the four pillars of ethnic identity .

neg: Catholic Church in Ethiopia The Catholic Church in Ethiopia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church , under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome .   The Oriental Ethiopian Catholic Church , the primary organization of Catholicism in the country , is especially close to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church , whose doctrine and liturgical tradition it shares . While separated by their understanding of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome , the Ethiopian Catholic and Orthodox Churches have basically the same sacraments and liturgy . As of 2010 , there were 610,714 members of the Ethiopian Catholic Church . There are also a small number of Latin-Rite Catholics in the country , primarily Italian Ethiopians .

neg: Imperial Academy (Ethiopia) The Imperial Academy was the national academy of Ethiopia , first established by the Ministry of Education and Fine Arts in 1942 . It was tasked with preserving the `` traditional genius '' of the country ; among other things , the native Ethiopic script and the literary and scholarly tradition it enabled , as well as the `` promotion of research in languages and fine arts '' .   In 1956 Emperor Haile Selassie promulgated a decree chartering the Academy as an independent organisation . The Academy , as a single body , eventually ceased to operate during the time of the Derg regime in the 1980s , although some of its constituent organizations have persisted - directly or indirectly - to the present .

neg: North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) .   The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region .   North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since .   The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world .   Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .

neg: Gurage languages The Gurage languages ( ጉራጌ Guragē , also known as Guragie ) are Afroasiatic languages of the South Ethiopic branch of the Semitic family spoken by the Gurage people . The ethnic group inhabits the Gurage Zone within the larger multi-ethnic Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples ' Region in southwestern Ethiopia .

neg: Trade unions in Ethiopia The trade unions of Ethiopia have a total membership of approximately 300,000 . Over 203,000 are members of the Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions ( CETU ) .   Ethiopia has also ratified ILO conventions 29 ( in 2003 ) , 87 ( 1963 ) , 98 ( 1963 ) , 100 ( 1999 ) , 105 ( 1999 ) , 111 ( 1966 ) , 138 ( 1999 ) , and 182 ( 2003 ) .

neg: Nyasa people The Nyasa are a people of southeastern Africa , concentrated mainly in Malawi , southwestern Tanzania and parts of northern Mozambique . The people are also known as the Kimanda , Kinyasa and Manda . Significant populations of Nyasa live along the shores of northeastern Lake Malawi .  Many Nyanja people of Malawi refers to themselves as Nyasa ; as of 2010 roughly 500,000 claim to be Nyasa people .

neg: Majang people The Majang people , or Majangir , live in southwestern Ethiopia and speak a Nilo-Saharan language of the Surmic cluster . The 1998 census gave the total of the Majangir population as 15,341 , but since they live scattered in the hills in dispersed settlements ( Stauder 1971 ) , their actual total number is undoubtedly much higher . They live around cities of Tepi , Mett ` i , and scattered southwest of Mizan Teferi and towards Gambela .

neg: Hadza people The Hadza , or Hadzabe , are an indigenous ethnic group in north-central Tanzania , living around Lake Eyasi in the central Rift Valley and in the neighboring Serengeti Plateau . The Hadza number just under 1,000 . Some 300 -- 400 Hadza live as part-time hunter-gatherers , although the increasing impact of tourism and encroaching pastoralists pose serious threats to the continuation of their traditional way of life .   The Hadza are not closely genetically related to any other people . While traditionally classified with the Khoisan languages , primarily because it has clicks , the Hadza language appears to be an isolate , unrelated to any other . As descendants of Tanzania 's aboriginal hunter-gatherer population , they have probably occupied their current territory for thousands of years , with relatively little modification to their basic way of life until the past hundred years .   Since the 18th century , the Hadza came into increasing contact with farming and herding people entering Hadzaland and its vicinity ; the interactions were often hostile and caused population decline in the late 19th century . The first European contact and written accounts of the Hadza are from the late 19th century . Since then , there have been many attempts by successive colonial administrations , the independent Tanzanian government , and foreign missionaries to settle the Hadza , by introducing farming and Christianity . These have largely failed , and many Hadza still pursue virtually the same way of life as their ancestors are described as having in early 20th-century accounts . In recent years , they have been under pressure from neighbouring groups encroaching on their land , and also affected by tourism and safari hunting .

neg: Mambwe people The Mambwe are an ethnic and linguistic group from Rukwa Region , Tanzania and northeastern Zambia . In 1987 the Mambwe population in Tanzania was estimated to number 63,000 . The number of Mambwe in Zambia has not been independently estimated , though the combined number of Mambwe and Lungu in Zambia was estimated to be 262,800 in 1993 . The mambwe people of Zambia are known to be great businessmen . They also distinguish the last names for males and females , like the Namwanga people , by applying prefixes `` Si '' and `` Na '' to be the first two letters of the last name e.g. Sinyangwe ( Male ) & Nanyangwe ( Female ) , Sikasula ( Male ) & Nakasula ( Female ) , Sinkamba ( Male ) & Nankamba ( Female ) , Simusokwe ( Male ) & Namusokwe ( Female ) , Sikasote ( Male ) & Nakasote ( Female ) , Simfukwe ( Male ) & Namfukwe ( Female ) , Sinkala ( Male ) & Nankala ( Nankala ) , Simbela ( Male ) & Nambela ( Female ) sichilima ( male ) nachilima ( female ) etc. .  A meal of beans ( `` choli '' ) and okra ( `` kumbi '' ) are a mambwe staple and delicacy .   The Mambwe language and Cilungu , the Lungu language , are distinguished by minor dialect differences . The Mambwe people are known to be polygamous ( impali ) , although this trend is slowly changing with religious affiliations , and advancements in modern schooling and trends . Like other African people , marriage is very important , although girls are known to marry earlier , often with pressure coming from parents and other relatives .   Category : Ethnic groups in Tanzania  Category : Ethnic groups in Zambia  Category : Indigenous peoples of East Africa

neg: Yechila Yechila ( also Yechilay or Chilay ) is a town in northern Ethiopia . Located in the Mehakelegnaw Zone of the Tigray Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1571 meters above sea level . It is located in the Mearey-tabia and is the administrative center of Abergele woreda .   Records provided at the Nordic Africa Institute website mention a rock-hewn church dedicated to Abuna Aregawi in the town . The British explorer Henry Salt camped overnight outside this town during his second journey through Ethiopia in 1809 . Salt ( who calls the settlement `` Shela '' ) records entering the province of Abergele the next day -- apparently the town was not part of the province at the time -- as well as finding a species of water cress growing in the area .   Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005 , Yechila has an estimated total population of 2,833 of whom 1,371 are men and 1,462 are women . The 1994 census reported it had a total population of 1,556 of whom 697 were men and 859 were women .

neg: Politics of Ethiopia The politics of Ethiopia arise from the way the government of Ethiopia is structured as well as socioeconomic factors .