query: Malaysia consists of thirteen states.

pos: Malaysia Malaysia ( -LSB- məˈleɪsiə -RSB- ; -LSB- məlejsiə -RSB- ) is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia . It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 330803 km2 separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . The capital city is Kuala Lumpur , while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . Located in the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth , with large numbers of endemic species .   Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which , from the 18th century , became subject to the British Empire . The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements , whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates . The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 , and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo , Sarawak , and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia . Less than two years later in 1965 , Singapore was expelled from the federation .   The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural , which plays a large role in politics . About half the population is ethnically Malay , with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese , Malaysian Indians , and indigenous peoples . The constitution declares Islam the state religion while allowing freedom of religion for non-Muslims . The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law . The head of state is the king , known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong . He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years . The head of government is the prime minister .   Since its independence , Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia , with its GDP growing at an average of 6.5 % per annum for almost 50 years . The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources , but is expanding in the sectors of science , tourism , commerce and medical tourism . Today , Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy , ranked third largest in Southeast Asia and 29th largest in the world . It is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations , the East Asia Summit and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , and a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , and the Non-Aligned Movement .

neg: Chief Ministers in Malaysia In Malaysia , the Menteri Besar ( Jawi : منتري بسر ; literally `` First Minister '' ) is the head of government of each of nine states in Malaysia with hereditary rulers . For four states without a monarch , the title Chief Minister ( Ketua Menteri ) is used . The title ` Menteri Besar ' is usually untranslated in the English media in Malaysia , but is typically translated as ` Chief Minister ' by foreign media . According to protocol , all Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers are styled Yang Amat Berhormat ( abbreviated YAB ) , which means `` The Most Honourable '' .   The nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states and the appointed governors of the other four states serve as constitutional and ceremonial heads of their states , with the state executive authority rests with the Menteris Besar and Chief Ministers . Following elections to the state legislative assembly , the Ruler or Governor usually invites the party ( or coalition ) with a majority of seats to form the state government . The Ruler or Governor appoints and swears in the Menteris Besar or Chief Ministers , whose executive council ( except Sabah and Sarawak which known as Cabinet ) are collectively responsible to the assembly . Based on the Westminster system , given that he retains the confidence of the assembly , the Menteri 's Besar or Chief Minister 's term can last for the length of the assembly 's life -- a maximum of five years . There are no limits to the number of terms that the Menteri Besar or Chief Minister can serve .

neg: Thai Malays Thai Malays ( Orang Melayu Thai , ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู , Jawi : ملايو تاي , Pattani Malay : Oré Nayu , Jawi or Bangso Yawi ) is a term used to refer to ethnic Malays in Thailand . Thailand hosts the third largest ethnic Malay population after Malaysia and Indonesia , and most Malays are concentrated in the Southern provinces of Narathiwat , Pattani , Yala , Songkhla , and Satun . Phuket and Ranong , home to a sizeable Muslim population , also has many people who are of Malay descent . A sizeable community also exists in Thailand 's capital Bangkok , having descended from migrants or deportees who were relocated from the South from the 13th century onwards .   Ethnic Malays in Narathiwat , Pattani , Yala , and Songkhla are due in part to cultural differences from the Thai people as well as past experiences of forced attempts to assimilate them into Thai mainstream culture after the annexation of the Pattani Kingdom by the Sukhothai Kingdom . On the other hand , ethnic Malays in Satun , Phuket , Ranong and Bangkok are less inclined towards separatism .   The Sam Sams who make up the bulk of Satun 's population ( but also a significant minority in Phatthalung Trang , Krabi , Phang Nga and Songkhla as well as in the Malaysian states of Kedah , Perak and Perlis ) are a distinct ethnic group who generally adhere to Islam , but are culturally Thai ( although with some Malay influences ) and speak a Southern Thai dialect interspersed with some Malay loanwords .

neg: Ampang District Ampang District was a district in Malaysia that was split into sections , with Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor each taking a part .

neg: Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front ( Malay : Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia , Jawi : باريسن جماعه اسلاميه سمليسا often known by its acronym BERJASA ) is a political party in Malaysia .   The party was founded in 1977 by the then Chief Minister of Kelantan , Mohamad Nasir , under the persuasion of United Malays National Organisation ( UMNO ) who were dissatisfied with the demands made by the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party ( PAS ) . These demands included internal squabbles for the lump share in controlling the state of Kelantan , and pressure from UMNO soon led to PAS withdrawing from Barisan Nasional . In the following year 's general elections , the split cost the PAS a huge number of votes in Kelantan : among the 36 state seats in Kelantan , UMNO won twenty three , Berjasa won eleven , and PAS won only two .   BERJASA subsequently joined Barisan Nasional , but support for BERJASA quickly dissolved in the subsequent general elections . In 1989 , it joined Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah under the leadership of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 ( S46 ) and the alliance was subsequently dissolved in 1996 when Tengku Razaleigh decided to dissolve APU and rejoin UMNO . Since then , BERJASA has only maintained minimal participation in the political fray , as evidenced from their participations in the subsequent General Elections .

neg: Perlis State Legislative Assembly The Perlis State Legislative Assembly ( Dewan Undangan Negeri Perlis ) is the state legislature of the Malaysian state of Perlis . It is a unicameral institution , consisting of a total of 15 lawmakers representing single-member constituencies throughout the state .   Members of the state legislature are called state assemblymen . The Assembly convenes at the Perlis State Assembly Complex in the state capital , Kangar . It has 15 seats , making it the smallest state assembly in Malaysia .

neg: 2016 Malaysian floods Heavy rainfall in the early February 2016 has caused major flooding in the state of Sarawak , Johor , Malacca and parts of Negeri Sembilan .

neg: Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council The Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia . The Council comprises the Menteri Besar , appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Besar on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly , a number of members made up of members of the Assembly , the State Secretary , the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer .   This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia , while being smaller in size . As federal and state responsibilities differ , there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments .   Members of the Council are selected by the Menteri Besar , appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Besar . The Council has no ministry , but instead a number of committees ; each committee will take care of certain state affairs , activities and departments . Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee .

neg: Governance and law of Penang The state of Penang , Malaysia has its own state legislature and executive , but these have very limited powers in comparison with those of the Malaysian federal authorities .

neg: North Borneo dispute The North Borneo dispute is the territorial dispute between the Federation of Malaysia and the Republic of the Philippines over much of the eastern part of the state of Sabah , a territory known as North Borneo prior to the formation of the Malaysian federation . The Philippines , presenting itself as the successor state of the Sultanate of Sulu , retains a `` dormant claim '' on Sabah on the basis that the territory was only leased to the British North Borneo Company in 1878 , with the sovereignty of the Sultanate ( and subsequently the Republic ) over the territory never having been relinquished . However , Malaysia considers this dispute as a `` non-issue '' as it interprets the 1878 agreement as that of cession and that it deems that the residents of Sabah had exercised their right to self-determination when they joined to form the Malaysian federation in 1963 .

neg: Malaysian pop Malaysian pop ( Pop Malaysia ) or abbreviated as M-pop or Malay pop refers to popular music forms in Malaysia . Although popular music in various languages such as Mandopop are popular and have been produced in Malaysia , Malaysian pop refers to music recorded primarily in the Malay language in Malaysia .   Malaysian pop covers a diverse musical genres , such as pop , rock , hip hop , electronic , and R&B music .

neg: List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia This is a list of diplomatic missions of Malaysia . Malaysia 's foreign ministry started in 1957 when the country obtained independence , with a staff of eleven British and Australian trained foreign service officers . It initially had missions in London , Canberra , New Delhi , Tokyo , Bangkok , Rome and Washington , growing to fourteen missions in 1963 , 21 missions in 1965 and 106 missions by 2008 .

neg: Pahang Malay Pahang Malay ( Standard Malay : Bahasa Melayu Pahang ; Jawi : بهاس ملايو ڤهڠ ) is a dialect of Malay language spoken in the Malaysian state of Pahang . It is regarded as the dominant Malay dialect spoken along the vast riverine systems of Pahang , but co-exists with other Malay dialects traditionally spoken in the state . Along the coastline of Pahang , Terengganu Malay is spoken in a narrow strip of sometimes discontiguous fishermen villages and towns . Another dialect spoken in Tioman island is a distinct Malay variant and most closely related to Riau Archipelago Malay subdialect spoken in Natuna and Anambas islands in the South China Sea , together forming a dialect continuum between the Bornean Malay with the Mainland Peninsular/Sumatran Malay .   Nonetheless , the essential unity of Pahang and Terengganu Malay is demonstrated by the number of shared lexical , synctatic , and phonetics innovations . Both varieties along with Kelantan Malay , have been classified under the subgroup of the East Coast dialect of Malay peninsula , due to their possible common origin .   Pahang Malay is known for its sharp rise and fall of tone and quick flowing accent . It exhibits a number of differences from the Standard Malay , particularly in phonology and vocabulary . Even though it also shares a lot of similarities with standard Malay , the dialect in its purest form remains unintelligible to standard Malay speakers . There are a number of sub-dialects of Pahang Malay identified by linguists , but the form spoken in the vicinity of Pahang 's royal capital , Pekan , is considered as its ` standard sub-dialect ' .   The dialect is traditionally written in Jawi script , but its role as the main writing language has been replaced with Standard Malay written in Rumi . A local radio station , Pahang FM , broadcasts in this dialect .

neg: Kuala Terengganu Kuala Terengganu ( -LSB- ˈkuˈala ˈtəˈrengˈganu -RSB- Jawi : , ) , often abbreviated as K.T. , is the administrative capital , royal capital and the main economic centre of Terengganu , Malaysia . Kuala Terengganu is also the administrative centre for the eponymous district of Kuala Terengganu . Kuala Terengganu is located about 440 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River , facing the South China Sea .   As a district , Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area , but it ( together with the district of Kuala Nerus that form the city area ) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010 . City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air ( English : Coastal Heritage City ) on 1 January 2008 .   Besides being a major political and economic centre to the state , the city is also the main gateway to many of the state 's tourist destinations . The attractions in and around the city include Kampung Cina , Pasar Besar Kedai Payang , Terengganu State Museum , and Batu Buruk Beach . Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development , Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port .

neg: Perak (disambiguation) Perak is the second-largest state in Peninsular Malaysia .   Perak may also refer to :  Perak Malay , a dialect of Malay language  Perak River  Perak football team  Tun Perak , a bendahara of the Sultanate of Malacca  Pérák , the Spring Man of Prague , a figure from Czechoslovakian folklore  Perak ( headdress ) , worn by women in the Himalayan region  Banknotes of the Chartered Bank of India , Australia and China ( Perak )  Silver is called Perak in Malay language

neg: Malaysian order of precedence The Malaysian order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the Government of Malaysia . It has no legal standing but is used to dictate ceremonial protocol at events of a federal or national nature .   Malaysian Prime Minister 's Department issued a twenty-first Order of Precedence for Malaysia on 13 November 2014 .

neg: Kedah State Executive Council The Kedah State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Kedah , Malaysia . The Council is composed of the Menteri Besar , appointed by the Sultan on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Kedah State Legislative Assembly , a number of members made up of members of the Assembly , the State Secretary , the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer .   This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia , while being smaller in size . As federal and state responsibilities differ , there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments .   Members of the Council are selected by the Menteri Besar , appointed by the Sultan . The Council has no ministry , but instead a number of committees ; each committee will take care of certain state affairs , activities and departments . Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee .

neg: Sabah state election, 2008 The 2008 Sabah state election was held on Saturday , 8 March 2008 , simultaneously with the 12th general election of Malaysia . 60 state assembly seats were contested . The election was won by the Barisan Nasional ( BN ) coalition with a similar amount of seats won as in the previous election , where they won 59 seats . One seat was won by Democratic Action Party ( DAP ) . In the previous election , BN won 59 seats , while one seat was won by an independent candidate . Other parties contesting in this election are Democratic Action Party , Parti Keadilan Rakyat , BERSEKUTU , Pasok , Setia , and 47 independent candidates . The 25 parliamentary seats were also contested the same time . This is the second time the state election of Sabah is held simultaneously with the general ( parliamentary ) elections , the first time being in the 2004 general elections .   The State Legislative Assembly was dissolved on 13 February 2008 , after state Chief Minister Musa Aman obtained consent from the Yang di-Pertua Negeri Tun Ahmadshah Abdullah . The nomination day was held on 24 February 2008 . On this day , Ramlee Marbahan of BN won the seat of N. 54 Bugaya unopposed . Barisan Nasional also won two parliamentary seats on nomination day .   On 27 February 2008 , the PKR candidate Mohaspa Mohd Hassan pulled out of the election , thus awarding the N. 41 Gum Gum seat to Zakaria Mohd Edris .

neg: Sabah State Legislative Assembly The Sabah State Legislative Assembly ( Dewan Undangan Negeri Sabah ) is a part of the Legislature of Sabah , Malaysia , the other being the Governor of Sabah . The Assembly meets at the Sabah State Legislative Assembly Building at Likas in the state capital of Kota Kinabalu .   This unicameral legislature is currently having 60 seats representing state constituencies elected through a first-past-the-post electoral system across the state .   Like at the federal level in Malaysia , Sabah uses a Westminster-style parliamentary government , in which members are elected to the Legislative Assembly through general elections , from which the Chief Minister and the Cabinet are appointed based on majority support . The Chief Minister is head of government , while the Governor acts as head of state . The largest party not forming the government is known as the Official Opposition , its leader being recognized as Leader of the Opposition by the Speaker .   Members of the Assembly refer to themselves as `` Members of the Legislative Assembly '' ( MLAs ) and sometimes as `` state assemblymen '' .   The current Assembly was elected on 5 May 2013 as part of the 14th Sabah State Legislative Assembly . Barisan Nasional retained the majority while Pakatan Rakyat and State Reform Party became the Opposition and the third party respectively . The first session of the 14th Sabah State Legislative Assembly opened on 17 June 2013 .

neg: Provinces of Indonesia Indonesian territory is composed of 34 provinces . A province ( provinsi ) is the highest tier of the local government divisions of Indonesia ( Daerah Tingkat I -- level I region ) . Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities ( Daerah Tingkat II -- level II regions ) , which are in turn subdivided into sub-districts ( kecamatan ) .

neg: Malaysian Heritage and History Club Malaysian Heritage and History Club ( MHHC ) aims to provide an objective , truthful and balanced account of Malaysian history , promote inter-ethnic relations and forge greater national unity .   Background   MHHC is a Facebook-based group , created on October 13th , 2012 . The Club as of May 21st , 2017 has 16,487 members . Topics discussed in the group are mostly Malaysian history , heritage , culture , wildlife and natural heritage . The group is often used as source of information by students , researchers , individuals , online websites and local dailies .   On the Facebook platform , English is the preferred language in the Club to benefit its international audience and enable a wider scope for exchange of ideas . Bahasa Malaysia and other languages are acceptable . Where translations are not provided , other members of the group will offer translations , particularly when important topics are being discussed or when requested . Author and composer Saidah Rastam in her book Rosalie and Other Love Songs , acknowledged the Club - '' The Malaysian Heritage and History Club has irreverent but erudite members '' .   The Club organises many activities outside its Facebook platform , starting with Heritage Talks in Malacca since March 2013 and Heritage Talk KL Series in September 2013 . Speakers are sourced from the Club members itself based on their own fields of expertise . Events are conducted in the spirit of sharing and collaboration . Most of the talks can been viewed on the Club 's dedicated MHHC Youtube channel .   Club 's Logo   The boat represents the journey of sharing and learning , discussions and debates sometimes stormy , sometimes calm . The color red is bold and brave - speaking out of the mind , yellow represents knowledge , blueish green sea waves signify challenges . Multiracialism and multiculturalism are represented by the use of multilingual text .   Heritage Talk   In March 2013 , the Club organised its first monthly series of Heritage Talks in Melaka . Speakers were sourced from the Club members according to their expertise .  They were held in Riverine Coffeehouse in Lorong Hang Jebat , Melaka from March 2013 to January 2015 , before it closed down .  Daily Fix Cafe , which is located at Jonker Street ( Jalan Hang Jebat ) then offered its premises for the talks in March and April 2015 . The last talk in Melaka was on Shellabear and was held at Shellabear Hall a former boarding house for Methodist Girls School in Tranquerah , Malacca .   Heritage Talk KL Series   As membership grew bigger , there were requests for talks to be held in Kuala Lumpur . D7 Sentul offered to host for KL talks starting in September 2013 .  On September 2015 onwards all talks in KL were held at Badan Warisan , Kuala Lumpur .   MHHC Big Events   September 5th/6th , 2015 - People 's Merdeka Exhibition - Badan Warisan , KL   October 17th , 2015 - Save Pekan Ampang - Heritage Talk and Photo Walk , Ampang Community Hall   April 2nd , 2016 - MHHC Wild Wildlife with Tenok and Friends - Badan Warisan , KL   September 3rd , 2016 - People 's Youth Exhibition - Badan Warisan , KL   November 19th , 2016 - MHHC 's Roots of Malacca - NUS School of Architecture at Tun Tan Cheng Lock Center , Melaka   November 26th , 2016 - Roots Kuala Lumpur - Badan Warisan , KL   March 18th , 2017 - MHHC Wild Wildlife with Kanchil and Friends - Badan Warisan , KL   Other Initiatives   In 2015 , a collaboration with the Portuguese Malacca community and Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum Melaka was started to revive the old Melaka Chinese New Year practices . The Serani Teng Teng was revived and reintroduced during the New Old Malacca Exhibition . Serani Teng Teng is a group of buskers consisting of 3 Portuguese boys who went busking door to door around Malacca town on the first day of Chinese New Year . The revival of the Serani Teng Teng received wide media coverage and the actual busking took place during the first day of Chinese New Year in 2016   The first publication from the Club was launched during the People 's Merdeka Exhibiton in September 2015 . The book/zine `` Messing with Melaka '' consists of Melaka 's historical facts , suggestions of places to eat and visit within 24 hours .   A dedicated book review blog Hooked on Books was created on September 20th , 2015 . Members are free to submit their reviews which will be published in the blog .   Collaborators and friends   Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum Melaka   Badan Warisan Malaysia   References   UNSHACKLING HISTORY   new love for the old   on heritage   SAVING MALACCA : THE STORY OF AN OLD TOWN TOLD THROUGH ITS INHABITANTS   A show by the people for the people   MHHC Wild Wildlife with Tenok and Friends   Who wins ? Heritage town Pekan Ampang is in the way of the Suke Highway   Our own May 13 stories - a celebration of love   Dad 's The Way


query: Paul Walker was born on September 12th.

pos: Paul Walker Paul William Walker IV ( September 12 , 1973 -- November 30 , 2013 ) was an American actor . Walker began his career guest-starring in several television shows such as The Young and the Restless and Touched by an Angel . Walker gained prominence with breakout roles in coming of age and teen films such as She 's All That and Varsity Blues ( 1999 ) . In 2001 , Walker gained international fame for his portrayal of Brian O'Conner in the street racing action film The Fast and the Furious ( 2001 ) , and would reprise the role in five of the next six installments but died in the middle of the filming of Furious 7 ( 2015 ) . He also starred in films such as Joy Ride ( 2001 ) , Timeline ( 2003 ) , Into the Blue ( 2005 ) , Eight Below , and Running Scared ( 2006 ) .   Besides acting , Walker was the face of The Coty Prestige fragrance brand Davidoff Cool Water for Men , and starred in the National Geographic Channel series , Expedition Great White . He also founded the charity `` Reach Out Worldwide '' ( ROWW ) , an organization providing relief efforts for areas affected by natural disasters . He was often praised for his off-screen charity work , and as a performer .   Walker died in a single-vehicle collision on November 30 , 2013 , alongside friend Roger Rodas . Three films that he was involved in at the time were released posthumously : Hours ( 2013 ) , Brick Mansions ( 2014 ) , and Furious 7 ( 2015 , which he had not completed filming ) . The song `` See You Again '' by Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth , which appeared on the Furious 7 soundtrack , is a tribute to Walker . The song was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards .

neg: Paul Clark (Christian musician) Paul Clark is a musician who was involved in the Jesus music movement and early contemporary Christian music industry . He was born in Kansas City and recorded his first album in 1971 , Songs from the Saviour Vol 1 . Its songs became one of the first signs of the growing `` Jesus Movement '' of the early 70s .   He went on to record a further albums including Songs From The Savior - Volume Two , Come Into His Presence and Good To Be Home with Paul Clark and Friends ( including Phil Keaggy , Jay Truax , John Mehler , Bill speer , Mike Burhart , and more ) , then launched the well received , award-winning 1977 album Hand to the Plow . In 1978 he followed up with Change in the Wind and in 1980 with Aim for the Heart . These three albums had some jazz influences and were well-produced in the context of other Christian music of the time . Aim for the Heart featured Abraham Laboriel on bass along with Harlan Rogers , Hadley Hockensmith and Bill Maxwell and was certainly jazz influenced . Those four went on to become members of Koinonia jazz band from 1982 till about 1990 .   Clark is recognized as one of the founding fathers of the Jesus Movement and the contemporary Christian music industry . During his 13-year association with Word Records in the 1970s and 1980s , Clark 's songwriting , record producing and performances placed him in the forefront along with artists like Phil Keaggy , 2nd Chapter of Acts , Love Song , Larry Norman , Andraé Crouch , Honeytree , Keith Green , Randy Stonehill , Barry McGuire , and many notable others .   He is also interested in fine art photography and entering 2010 is currently working on two new CD projects and releasing two books .

neg: Sammy Walker Sammy Walker ( born July 7 , 1952 near Atlanta , Georgia ) is an American singer-songwriter . Influenced by the folk and country sounds of Bob Dylan , Woody Guthrie and Hank Williams , Walker emerged in the mid-1970s with two albums for the Folkways label and two albums for Warner Brothers . While appearing on Bob Fass 's radio show in 1975 , he caught the ear of Phil Ochs , who was impressed by the young songwriter and agreed to produce his first album with Folkways . Walker recorded two albums for Warner Brothers under the tutelage of producer Nick Venet , and toured Europe in 1978 and again in 1986 . After recording an album of Woody Guthrie songs in 1979 , he did not record again until 1989 .   Walker , who at least once downplayed his own success by claiming he has `` only 50 fans , one in each state '' , performed a memorable opening set for Ochs at Gerde 's Folk City in late 1975 , when Ochs drunkenly staged what Ochs billed as the final Phil Ochs concert and the first John Train performance . At midnight was when Ochs was supposedly changing his stage name to Train , but his inebriated behavior incurred the wrath of the Gerde 's staff to the point where the waitress was no longer serving Ochs , amid the soon-to-be-suicidal folksinger 's rambling tirades against , among other musings , `` Johnny Cash , BEFORE amphetamines '' . Having finished his formidably-rendered set including his signature tune `` Closing Time '' , Walker watched Ochs with apparent embarrassment from the wings . ( An uncirculated monochrome videotape exists memorializing the remarkable evening . )   Misfit Scarecrow - the first album released by Sammy Walker in over twelve years - was released on July 22 , 2008 .   Brown Eyed Georgia Darlin ' - released in 2016 on Ramseur Records , features early demos from his 1976 release .

neg: Paul Walker (American football) Paul Frederick Walker ( July 9 , 1925 -- October 20 , 1972 ) was an American football player who played one season with the New York Giants of the National Football League . He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the tenth round of the 1945 NFL Draft . Walker played college football at Yale University and attended Oak Park and River Forest High School in Oak Park , Illinois . He was a consensus All-American in 1944 .

neg: Bernard Paul (boxer) Bernard `` Punching Postman '' Paul ( born October 22 , 1965 ) is a Mauritian/British professional light welter/welter/light middleweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s who won the British Boxing Board of Control ( BBBofC ) Southern ( England ) Area light welterweight title , and Commonwealth light welterweight title , and was a challenger for the World Boxing Organization ( WBO ) Inter-Continental light welterweight title against Jon Thaxton , British Boxing Board of Control ( BBBofC ) British light welterweight title against Mark Winters , and World Boxing Organization ( WBO ) Inter-Continental light welterweight title against Ricky Hatton , his professional fighting weight varied from 138 lb , i.e. light welterweight to 149 +1 / 4 lb , i.e. light middleweight .

neg: Joseph R. Walker Joseph R. Walker ( December 13 , 1798 -- October 27 , 1876 ) was a mountain man and experienced scout . He established the segment of the California Trail , the primary route for the emigrants to the gold fields during the California gold rush , from Fort Hall , Idaho to the Truckee River . The Walker River and Walker Lake in Nevada were named for him by John C. Frémont .

neg: John Walker (Australian footballer) John Walker ( born 13 July 1951 ) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League ( VFL ) .

neg: Scott Walker discography Scott Walker is the stage name of the American singer-songwriter Noel Scott Engel ( born January 9 , 1943 in Hamilton , Ohio ) , former lead singer with The Walker Brothers . He has been living in England since the 1960s , and continues to release new solo material .   His earliest material was released under his own name in the late 1950s . His most successful period in his career was between the years 1965 and 1970 where in he released three albums with The Walker Brothers , before going on to record a number of popular albums as a solo artist .   Walker 's career faltered critically and commercially in the 1970s where he became stuck in a cycle of releasing lacklustre albums of MOR covers . In the mid-1970s Walker reformed The Walker Brothers with mixed results . Their final album together ; Nite Flights ( 1978 ) was a sonic breakthrough for Walker . His next three albums -- each released eleven years apart -- developed and expanded his new direction .   For a detailed listing of Scott Walker 's albums and singles with The Walker Brothers , see : The Walker Brothers discography .

neg: Gordon Walker (businessman) Gordon Wayne Walker ( born September 10 , 1941 ) is a former politician in Ontario , Canada . He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1971 to 1975 , and again from 1977 to 1985 . He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party , and served as a cabinet minister in the governments of William Davis and Frank Miller .

neg: William O. Walker Dr. Willam O. Walker aka W.O. Walker ( born William Otis Walker on September 19 , 1896 - died October 29  1981 ) , was an African-American publisher , Cleveland , Ohio area politician , and editor of the , Call and Post , an African-American newspaper based in Cleveland .

neg: John M. Walker (bishop) John Moore Walker , Jr. ( 1888-1951 ) was the 3rd bishop in the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta , and was the 1st bishop born in the state of Georgia to a bishop in the state of Georgia .

neg: David Walker (Catholic bishop) David Louis Walker ( born 13 November 1938 ) is a retired Australian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church . He was ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Broken Bay on 3 September 1996 , succeeding the diocese 's inaugural bishop , the Most Reverend Patrick Murphy . His retirement was effective from 13 November 2013 , his seventy-fifth birthday .

neg: Walker T Marvin Christopher Walker ( born 1 October 1978 ) , better known by his stage name Walkerton or for short Walker.T is a Jamaican Reggae Artist . He is the self-proclaimed `` Reggae Superstar . ''

neg: Nicky Walker Joseph Nicol Walker ( born 29 September 1962 ) is a Scottish former professional footballer , who played as a goalkeeper for several clubs in Scotland and England . Walker was selected for many Scotland squads during the 1990s , earning two international caps .

neg: 'Til the Band Comes In 'Til the Band Comes In is the sixth studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker . It was released in December 1970 but failed to chart . Three singles were released from the album . The title track backed with `` Jean the Machine '' was released in the Netherlands . `` Jean the Machine '' and `` Thanks For Chicago Mr. James '' were each released in Japan . No singles were released in the UK . The release is a loose concept album about the inhabitants of a tenement .   Walker wrote the songs for the album quickly while on a working holiday in Greece in September 1970 . The album was recorded late that same year between September and November 1970 with Walker 's usual Philips studio team consisting of producer Johnny Franz , engineer Peter J. Olliff and Wally Stott and Peter Knight directing the musical arrangements . Receiving negative reviews the album was first released as an LP in December 1970 . The album was deleted and was not available for over twenty-five years . The album was later reassessed much more favourably and was eventually reissued in the UK on CD by BGO Records in August 1996 , with new liner notes . This new edition fell out of print before a second CD re-issue followed in 2008 by the US label Water Records . The album was re-issued again on 3 June 2013 as part of a 5-CD set entitled Scott - The Collection 1967-1970 .   The original liner notes were by Walker 's then-manager Ady Semel with cover photography by Michael Joseph .

neg: Bill Walker (baseball) William Henry Walker ( October 7 , 1903 -- June 14 , 1966 ) was a professional baseball left-handed pitcher over parts of ten seasons ( 1927 -- 1936 ) with the New York Giants and St. Louis Cardinals . He was the National League ERA champion twice ( in 1929 and 1931 ) with New York . For his career , he compiled a 97 -- 77 record in 272 appearances with a 3.59 ERA and 626 strikeouts .   He was born and later died in East St. Louis , Illinois at the age of 62 .

neg: Paul Jackson (bassist) Paul Jackson ( born 1947 ) is an American jazz bass guitarist and composer . He has played with many of the great jazz artists , most notably playing bass on several of Herbie Hancock 's seminal albums , Head Hunters , Thrust , and others .   He was born in Oakland , California and began playing bass at the age of nine . At the age of 14 he performed with the Oakland Symphony Orchestra and went on to study at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music .

neg: The Moviegoer (album) The Moviegoer is the seventh studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker . It was released in October 1972 but failed to chart . No singles were released from the album , though `` This Way Mary '' was later released as a b-side to Walker 's 1973 single `` The Me I Never Knew '' . The album consists solely of renditions of film theme songs originally performed by other artists .   The album was the first of six studio albums ( the last two as The Walker Brothers ) in which Walker did not contribute original material . Having lost creative control of his music after the commercial failures of his previous two studio albums Scott 4 and 'Til the Band Comes In , Walker was tasked with recording `` inoffensive , middle-of-the-road material that could be easily processed , marketed and sold '' . By way of compromise Walker had some say in the song selection and drew together a selection of themes from some of his favourite films .   The album was recorded quickly in the autumn of 1972 with Walker 's usual studio team consisting of producer Johnny Franz and engineer Peter J. Olliff . In a change from previous work , Robert Cornford was brought-in to produce the orchestral arrangements . Despite a push for commercial viability the album received negative reviews when released as an LP in October 1972 . The album was re-issued in 1975 by Contour record label with new sleeve art . The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued .

neg: Paul Wilbur Paul Robert Wilbur ( born January 18 , 1951 ) is an American Christian musician , worship leader , and guitarist , who primarily plays a messianic worship style of music . He has released albums with Integrity Music , Hosanna ! Music , and Epic Records , during his career . His first known musical work , Up to Zion , a live album , was released in November 1991 .

neg: Brad Walker (athlete) Brad Walker ( born June 21 , 1981 in Aberdeen , South Dakota ) is an American pole vaulter . He is the American recordholder and was the 2007 World Champion in the event .

neg: Keith Walker (writer) Keith Walker ( June 29 , 1935 -- December 30 , 1996 ) was an American writer , producer , and actor . He co-wrote the screen-play for the film Free Willy and wrote for television series including The Fall Guy , Emergency ! , Quincy , M.E. and M * A * S * H. '' He wrote 26 episodes of the Rod Serling hosted radio show The Zero Hour , all of them coming in the second , and final , season of the show . He appeared as an actor on television shows Mannix , The Rookies , Mission : Impossible , and Fantasy Island . He was married to actress Peggy Walton-Walker .   Following brief treatment for cancer , Keith Walker died in the Tennessee city of Franklin at the age of 61 .


query: The Unabomber is a moniker of Ted Kaczynski.

pos: Ted Kaczynski Theodore John Kaczynski ( -LSB- kəˈzɪnski -RSB- born May 22 , 1942 ) , also known as the `` Unabomber '' , is an American serial killer , domestic terrorist , and self-professed anarchist . A mathematical prodigy , he abandoned a promising academic career in 1969 , then between 1978 and 1995 killed three people , and injured 23 others , in a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology . In conjunction with this campaign he issued a wide-ranging social critique opposing industrialization and modern technology , and advancing a nature-centered form of anarchism .   Kaczynski was born and raised in Evergreen Park , Illinois . While growing up in Evergreen Park he was a child prodigy , excelling academically from an early age . Kaczynski was accepted into Harvard University at the age of 16 , where he earned an undergraduate degree . He subsequently earned a PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan . He became an assistant professor at the University of California , Berkeley in 1967 at age 25 . He resigned two years later .   As a Harvard undergraduate , Kaczynski was among twenty-two students who were research subjects in ethically questionable experiments conducted by psychology professor Henry Murray from late 1959 to early 1962 .   In 1971 , he moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water in Lincoln , Montana , where he lived as a recluse while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient . Seventeen years after beginning his mail bomb campaign , Kaczynski sent a letter to The New York Times on April 24 , 1995 and promised `` to desist from terrorism '' if the Times or The Washington Post published his manifesto , Industrial Society and Its Future ( the `` Unabomber Manifesto '' ) , in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom necessitated by modern technologies requiring large-scale organization .   The Unabomber was the target of one of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's costliest investigations . Before Kaczynski 's identity was known , the FBI used the title `` UNABOM '' ( UNiversity & Airline BOMber ) to refer to his case , which resulted in the media calling him the Unabomber . The FBI ( as well as Attorney General Janet Reno ) pushed for the publication of Kaczynski 's `` Manifesto '' , which led to his sister-in-law , and then his brother , recognizing Kaczynski 's style of writing and beliefs from the manifesto , and tipping off the FBI . Kaczynski tried unsuccessfully to dismiss his court-appointed lawyers because they wanted to plead insanity in order to avoid the death penalty , as Kaczynski did not believe he was insane . When it became clear that his pending trial would entail national television exposure for Kaczynski , the court entered a plea agreement , under which he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life in prison with no possibility of parole . He has been designated a `` domestic terrorist '' by the FBI . Some anarcho-primitivist authors , such as John Zerzan and John Moore , have come to his defense , while also holding some reservations about his actions and ideas .

neg: Un-American Un-American is a pejorative term of U.S. political discourse which is applied to ideas , people or institutions in the United States seen as deviating from what are widely perceived to be fundamental American cultural and political values .   The most famous use is in the title of the House Un-American Activities Committee which was started to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens , public employees , and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties . By 1959 , former President Harry S. Truman had denounced the Committee as the `` most un-American thing in the country today '' . The Committee lost considerable prestige as the 1960s progressed , and it was abolished by the House of Representatives in 1975 .   The use and meaning of the term is by no means uniform in the US . Due in part to these historical associations with political abuses and jingoism , the attitudes of Americans toward the pejorative use of `` Un-American '' are often critical or suspicious . Moreover , Americans may vary widely in what they believe to be un-American .

neg: Secret Military Organization Secret Military Organization , or Tajna Organizacja Wojskowa , TOW in Polish , was a clandestine military formation organized prior to World War II in the Second Polish Republic in the event Polish territory was occupied by foreign powers . The country-wide TOW organization was active in the early days of the September 1939 Campaign and during the Nazi occupation of Poland . Some of the offshoots or independently organized local `` TOWs '' , such as Tajna Organizacja Wojskowa Gryf Pomorski ( `` TOW Pomeranian Griffin '' ) or Tajna Organizacja Wojskowa Gryf Kaszubski ( `` TOW Kaszubian Griffin '' ) were active throughout the whole period of the German occupation as well as the early years of the Soviet takeover .   During the interwar period , Polish intelligence services in the Grupa Operacyjnej Dywersji ( Operational Group for Diversion ) developed contingency plans for creating an underground movement in case the country was occupied by either Nazi Germany or Soviet Russia . The sub unit within this service codenamed Zygmunt was charged with preparing diversionary and sabotage actions to be carried out during the possible occupation .   The main , country-wide , TOW was organized by Major ( later colonel ) Jan Mazurkiewicz , codename Radosław , in late 1939 , in Stanisławów , after the Polish defeat in the September campaign . Mazurkiewicz 's founding of the group received approval from Gen. Władysław Sikorski and the Polish government in exile . Originally the coordinating headquarters of this TOW were located in Budapest , but were transferred to occupied Poland in 1940 . In March 1943 the main TOW became part of the general anti-Nazi organization the Home Army and the cells of the organization were transformed or transferred into the newly organized `` Directorate for Diversion '' , Kedyw .   Some of the other TOWs , such as the Pomeranian Griffin , continued to exist independently of the Home Army , or were only nominally subordinated to it .

neg: Ted Alexandro Edward `` Ted '' Alexandro ( born January 26 , 1969 ) is a stand-up comedian from New York City . He has appeared on most late night talk shows and has had his own half-hour specials on Comedy Central .

neg: Pseudonym A pseudonym ( -LSB- pronˈsjuːdənɪm -RSB- and -LSB- pronˈsuːdənɪm -RSB- ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose , which can differ from their original or true name ( orthonym ) . Pseudonyms include stage names and user names ( both called screen names ) , ring names , pen names , nicknames , aliases , superhero or villain identities and code names , gamer identifications , and regnal names of emperors , popes , and other monarchs . Historically , they have often taken the form of anagrams , Graecisms , and Latinisations , although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym .   Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual 's full-time name . Pseudonyms are `` part-time '' names , used only in certain contexts - usually adopted to hide an individual 's real identity , as with writers ' pen names , graffiti artists ' tags , resistance fighters ' or terrorists ' noms de guerre , and computer hackers ' handles . Actors , musicians , and other performers sometimes use stage names , for example , to mask their ethnic backgrounds .   In some cases , pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition : for example devotional names used by members of some religious institutes , and `` cadre names '' used by Communist party leaders such as Trotsky and Lenin .   A pseudonym may also be used for personal reasons : for example , an individual may prefer to be called or known by a name that differs from their given or legal name , but is not ready to take the numerous steps to get their name legally changed ; or an individual may simply feel that the context and content of an exchange offer no reason , legal or otherwise , to provide their given or legal name .   A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons , for example the co-authors of a work , such as Ellery Queen , or Nicolas Bourbaki .

neg: Climate change denial Climate change denial , or global warming denial , is part of the global warming controversy . It involves denial , dismissal , unwarranted doubt or contrarian views which strongly depart from the scientific opinion on climate change , including the extent to which it is caused by humans , its impacts on nature and human society , or the potential of adaptation to global warming by human actions . Some deniers do endorse the term , but others often prefer the term climate change skepticism , although this is a misnomer for those who deny anthropogenic global warming . In effect , the two terms form a continuous , overlapping range of views , and generally have the same characteristics : both reject , to a greater or lesser extent , mainstream scientific opinion on climate change . Climate change denial can also be implicit , when individuals or social groups accept the science but fail to come to terms with it or to translate their acceptance into action . Several social science studies have analyzed these positions as forms of denialism .   Campaigning to undermine public trust in climate science has been described as a `` denial machine '' of industrial , political and ideological interests , supported by conservative media and skeptical bloggers in manufacturing uncertainty about global warming . In the public debate , phrases such as climate skepticism have frequently been used with the same meaning as climate denialism . The labels are contested : those actively challenging climate science commonly describe themselves as `` skeptics '' , but many do not comply with common standards of scientific skepticism and , regardless of evidence , persistently deny the validity of human caused global warming .   Although scientific opinion on climate change is that human activity is extremely likely to be the primary driver of climate change , the politics of global warming have been affected by climate change denial , hindering efforts to prevent climate change and adapt to the warming climate . Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy where there is none .   Of the world 's countries , the climate change denial industry is most powerful in the United States . Since January 2015 , the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works has been chaired by oil lobbyist and climate change denier Jim Inhofe . Inhofe is notorious for having called climate change `` the greatest hoax ever perpetrated against the American people '' and for having claimed to have debunked the alleged hoax in February 2015 when he brought a snowball with him in the Senate chamber and tossed it across the floor . Organised campaigning to undermine public trust in climate science is associated with conservative economic policies and backed by industrial interests opposed to the regulation of emissions . Climate change denial has been associated with the fossil fuels lobby , the Koch brothers , industry advocates and libertarian think tanks , often in the United States . More than 90 % of papers sceptical on climate change originate from right-wing think tanks .  The total annual income of these climate change counter-movement-organizations is roughly $ 900 million . Between 2002 and 2010 , nearly $ 120 million ( # 77 million ) was anonymously donated via the Donors Trust and Donors Capital Fund to more than 100 organisations seeking to undermine the public perception of the science on climate change . In 2013 the Center for Media and Democracy reported that the State Policy Network ( SPN ) , an umbrella group of 64 U.S. think tanks , had been lobbying on behalf of major corporations and conservative donors to oppose climate change regulation .   Since the late 1970s , oil companies have published research broadly in line with the standard views on global warming . Despite this , oil companies organized a climate change denial campaign to disseminate public disinformation for several decades , a strategy that has been compared to the organized denial of the hazards of tobacco smoking by tobacco companies .

neg: Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' .   Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people .   Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative .   The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee .   Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .

neg: Ted Park Ted Taewon Park ( born December 4 , 1994 ) , better known by his stage name Ted Park , is an American singer , rapper , and songwriter from Madison , Wisconsin . Ted Park released his single `` Hello ( Who is this ) '' on September 15 , 2016 which made the Top 10 on Billboard and Spotify 's Viral 50 Charts . The notierity and publicity from the single landed Ted Park a deal with Capitol Fr , Universal .  Hello has received nationwide radio play , and is over 120,000 streams on Spotify .

neg: Cine Foundation International Cine Foundation International is London-based non-profit film company and human rights NGO `` aiming to 'em power open consciousness through cinema ' '' . The foundation was formed in December 2010 by American filmmaker Jesse Richards , founder of the Remodernist film movement , South Korean film critic Blue Un Sok Kim and Tobias Morgan , formerly the developer of `` The Garage '' on Mubi .   On 3 January 2011 , CFI announced their launch of a campaign of protest films and public actions calling for the release of imprisoned Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi . `` The campaign will include protest films that speak to human rights issues in Iran and throughout the world , six of which are commissioned feature-length , plus twenty shorts . Participating filmmakers may act anonymously or through pseudonyms since voicing their stories can be dangerous . The films , which will address themes of nation , identity , self , spiritual culture , censorship and imprisonment , will be aimed for public , web and various exhibition media '' . In January 2011 , filmmakers Béla Tarr and Lav Diaz joined the foundation 's Board of Directors , and in February Fred Kelemen joined the Board of Directors .   Also in January 2011 , CFI deployed a video protest mechanism called WHITE MEADOWS ( named for the Mohammad Rasoulof film of the same title ) and developed by Ericson deJesus ( of Yahoo! and frog design ) at the request of the foundation . The video mechanism `` allow ( s ) anyone in the world to record a short video statement about Panahi and Rasoulof . There will be an ESCAPE button at top , allowing quick exit for those in countries where recording a statement would be dangerous . There will be an option to have the screen black , and soon , voice distortion . The video statements will be recorded as mp4s , giving them maximum transmedia capacity , which essentially makes them broadcastable from any device that can show video '' . Users can also use the mechanism to comment on how they would `` like to see as an international response by the film industry '' , comment on the state of human rights in general , or to `` report a human rights abuse to the world '' .   Late in 2011 , CFI launched #OccupyCinema , an ongoing collective project in collaboration with the global Occupy movement . The project encompasses `` public space projections onto buildings or other public surfaces -- broadcasting films , video documents or live feeds , with the intention of decentralising traditional broadcast monopolies and information power structures where these interfere with freedom of speech or otherwise compel human beings to surrender to the agendas of ethically bankrupt regimes . '' On November 1 , #OccupyCinema will launch public displays of films in New York City , Dallas , Kansas , London and Paris , with more to follow over the next week .   Tobias Morgan resigned as Chair in Autumn 2011 , having been commissioned to make a Cine Foundation International feature film dedicated to the Iranian film producer Katayoun Shahabi . Jesse Richards resigned in 2012 , and Blue Un Sok Kim took the Chair .   Category : International human rights organizations  Category : Organisations based in the United Kingdom  Category : Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom  Category : Film organisations in the United Kingdom

neg: Cyberpunk derivatives A number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction . These derivatives , though they do not share cyberpunk 's computers-focused setting , may display other qualities drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk : a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level ( this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology , akin to retro-futurism ) , a gritty transreal urban style , or a particular approach to social themes .   The most successful of these subgenres , Steampunk , has been defined as a `` kind of technological fantasy '' , and others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy . Scholars have written of these subgenres ' stylistic place in postmodern literature , and also their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism .   American author Bruce Bethke coined the term `` cyberpunk '' in his 1980 short story of the same name , proposing it as a label for a new generation of punk teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age . The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , John Shirley , Rudy Rucker , Michael Swanwick , Pat Cadigan , Lewis Shiner , Richard Kadrey , and others . Science fiction author Lawrence Person , in defining postcyberpunk , summarized the characteristics of cyberpunk thus :  Classic cyberpunk characters were marginalized , alienated loners who lived on the edge of society in generally dystopic futures where daily life was impacted by rapid technological change , an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized information , and invasive modification of the human body .   The relevance of cyberpunk as a genre to punk subculture is debatable and further hampered by the lack of a defined cyberpunk subculture ; where the small cyber movement shares themes with cyberpunk fiction and draws inspiration from punk and goth alike , cyberculture is much more popular though much less defined , encompassing virtual communities and cyberspace in general and typically embracing optimistic anticipations about the future . Cyberpunk is nonetheless regarded as a successful genre , as it ensnared many new readers and provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring . Furthermore , author David Brin argues , cyberpunk made science fiction more attractive and profitable for mainstream media and the visual arts in general .

neg: Kam (rapper) Craig A. Miller ( born October 24 , 1970 in Los Angeles , California ) , better known by his stage name Kam is an American political emcee known primarily among hip hop fans and music critics during the 1990s & early 2000s .   He is known for his Nation of Islam-influenced lyrics and NOI membership , and affiliation with his cousin , fellow West Coast emcee Ice Cube . He is also known for his powerfully commanding baritone voice and knack for using multisyllabic rhymes . He has only released two albums since his well-received 1993 debut album Neva Again . That album featured inflammatory anti-government lyrics and hit single `` Peace Treaty , '' a song about the 1992 Watts gang treaty . The song reached # 2 on the Hot Rap Singles chart in 1993 .   His first appearance on record was with the song `` Every Single Weekend '' from the 1991 Boyz n the Hood soundtrack . Since then , he has collaborated with artists including Ice Cube , Snoop Dogg , Coolio , E-40 , Erick Sermon , MC Ren , C-Bo , K9Compton , DJ Quik , DJ Pooh , Tha Eastsidaz , Method Man , KRS-One , Public Enemy , Nate Dogg , Warren G , Dogg Pound , Xzibit , Tyrese , Tank , George Clinton , Dresta , B.G. Knocc Out , Yukmouth , and Glasses Malone among many others .  He has released music on two record labels , East West Records and JCOR Entertainment . He is currently signed to his own record label , HEREAFTER RECORDS , and plans to release his fourth solo album . He is also currently a member of Snoop Dogg 's West Coast supergroup The Warzone with MC Eiht and Goldie Loc .  Kam and his biological younger brother , `` Yung Bruh '' , are also a NOI-based rap group called , Fruit Pruno .  Their self-titled album was released during the NOI 's Saviour 's Day 2010 summit ( specifically on February 28 , 2010 ) .

neg: Ekkehard Ehlers Ekkehard Ehlers ( born 1974 in Frankfurt am Main ) is an artist working in the field of electronic music . In addition to his solo career , he has recorded under the monikers Auch , Betrieb and Ferdinand Fehlers and as a member of the duo Autopoesies and his band März . A BBC reviewer wrote of Ehlers music : Ehlers ' music toys with your perceptions a little , opening up a space to think   Ehlers became interested in aesthetic theory , particularly the work of Theodor Adorno , as a university student in Frankfurt . He began working with Sebastian Meissner as Autopoieses in the late 1990s . Autopoieses was in part about the recontextualization of samples , and the duo released their well-received debut record exploring these ideas in 1999 on Mille Plateaux . Ehlers ' tested the solo waters with minimal house released as Auch and Betrieb from 2000 to 2005 on Force Inc. and Klang . In 2000 Ehlers released his first solo album under his own name , the dark and abstract Betrieb . Constructed primarily of manipulated samples of Arnold Schönberg and Charles Ives , Betrieb is steeped in theory , as evidenced by the Ehlers-penned liner notes .   In 2001 , Ehlers began recording a series of singles to serve as tributes to some of his aesthetic heroes . These singles , which included `` Ekkehard Ehlers Plays Cornelius Cardew '' and `` Ekkehard Ehlers Plays John Cassavetes '' were ultimately gathered together on the 2002 album Plays . This release brought Ehlers notoriety outside of experimental electronic music circles . He followed it with the far more abstract Politik Braucht Keinen Feind in 2003 , and then with A Life Without Fear , which incorporated blues in a typically oblique way , in 2006 .   Since 2000 he started working on ballet scores for the choreographers William Forsythe and later Christoph Winkler and theater music for Ulrich Rasche .   He remixed the Red Hot Chili Peppers ' single Californication and collaborated with the band on a couple of their live sets . Two live recordings have been made called Tuesday Night in Berlin and Thursday Night in Berlin . The remixed Californication and the 14 minute improvisation jam Tuesday Night in Berlin can be found on the second version of the Red Hot Chili Peppers ' Fortune Faded single . The nearly 30 minute Thursday Night In Berlin has not been released officially although a bootleg has recently leaked onto the Internet .

neg: Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened  `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . '   `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay .   Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) .   Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' ''  ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) .   Implications   Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied .   Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) .   Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) .   Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) .   Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World .   Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 .   Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham ,  NC : Duke University Press .   Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 .   Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis .   Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .

neg: Grupo Uno Grupo Uno was a group of organizers from an East Havana district cultural center . They brainstormed the radical idea of a Cuban rap festival in 1995 . One of the principal organizers , Rodolfo Rensoli , contributed largely to the event by anticipating the need for social and governmental support . Rensoli said that `` There are a lot of people who do n't understand people like me '' as a reason for starting the festival in Cuba . While Grupo Uno gained official support , they had few resources at their disposal . Despite this setback , they were able to spread the word of the festival through the already existent Cuban rap scene . For the first time in Cuban history , moneros were able to express themselves publicly , mentioning many diverse cultural aspects such as race , baseball and the significance of their performance that day , all of which were in their native tongue , Spanish . The event took place in an open-air venue in Alamar , and would continue to occur there annually .

neg: Joel Furr Joel K. `` Jay '' Furr ( born 1967 in Roanoke , Virginia ) is a writer and software trainer notable as a Usenet personality in the early and mid 1990s .   He is immortalized in the newsgroups alt.fan.joel-furr , alt.bonehead.joel-furr , and alt.joel-furr . die.die.die . He was a pretender to the throne of James `` Kibo '' Parry , and the bitter enemy of Serdar Argic . He is also infamous for his Usenet response to the death of Roger Zelazny : `` Good '' . ( Furr has subsequently apologized for this statement , attributing his cranky response to immaturity and thoughtlessness . )   One reason for Furr 's fame on Usenet was his self-appointed leadership over the alt hierarchy , where any user could create a newsgroup without any official vote or sanction by the user community . Before 1992 , internet administrators did not carry alt newsgroups that did not obtain some general community assent . However , in the time spanning roughly 1993 to 1995 , commercial internet service providers were cropping up left and right , and few of them had time or inclination to manage which newsgroups their services carried , so they carried all groups that were created . Furr attempted to bring some order and rationale to this practice , but with minimal success .   According to Brad Templeton , Furr is one of the earliest people to refer to unsolicited electronic messages as `` spam '' . The term `` spam '' had been widely used by Monty Python fans to describe excessive torrents of verbiage on electronic chat systems and multi-user dungeons , analogous to the Vikings chanting `` spam spam spam spam spam , WONDERFUL SPAM '' in the legendary Python sketch . Furr used the term in the USENET newsgroup news.admin.policy to describe an out-of-control automated robo-moderation system known as ARMM . While he did n't coin the phrase , he appears to have been the first to use it to describe the phenomenon as it applied to USENET newsgroups .   Furr created a line of Usenet kook T-shirts , which included a `` Serdar Argic World Tour '' shirt as well as one imprinted with the programming code for RSA encryption , boasting `` This shirt is a munition '' , a reference to US export law .  He also created and sold T-shirts after the `` Green Card '' spamming incident carried out by Canter & Siegel .   He is also an alumnus of the University of Georgia and its Demosthenian Literary Society .

neg: Kabouters Kabouters ( meaning gnomes in English ) were a Dutch anarchist group in the 1970s . It was founded by Roel van Duijn and one of its objectives was to set up an alternative society based on Van Duyn 's ideas as stated in his book , De boodschap van een wijze Kabouter ( The Message of a Wise Kabouter ) . Van Duyn for some time worked at an organic farm and asked the farmer if they were going to get a harvester . `` No , '' the farmer responded `` Noisy machines chase away the kabouters , and  we need them to keep our plants healthy . '' That is why Van Duyn used this image .   The Kabouters were an offshoot of Provo 's environmental White Plans and they proposed `` Groene Plannen '' ( `` Green Plans '' ) , such as Roel van Duijn 's idea to have plants growing in boxes on top of cars and , if possible , to have the automobiles drive on sunken roadways so that pedestrians would only see a procession of moving greenery . Van Duyn actually introduced this plan as a motion before the Amsterdam City Council .   The Kabouters were primarily from Amsterdam but were also active in about 35 Dutch cities . At the peak of the movement 's activity , around June 1970 , about 500  people were attending the weekly open meetings , where plans and policies were  discussed . A year later membership had dwindled to 20 people . The Amsterdam movement published 12 issues of the `` Kabouterkrant '' ( Kabouter Newspaper ) in 1970 .   The Kabouters attracted international attention when in June 1970 they won 5 of the 45 seats on the Amsterdam Gemeenteraad ( City Council ) , as well two seats each on councils in The Hague and Leeuwarden and one seat apiece in Arnhem , Alkmaar and Leiden . Their leader in Amsterdam was Roel van Duijn , who was actually being reelected to the single seat in the City Council originally won by the Provos in 1966 .   The Kabouters had to decide whether to participate as a party in the national parliamentary elections , in May 1971 and the movement was divided on this issue . Many Kabouters felt that the electoral process was not anarchist and consequently they entered the elections divided , and lost . There was also disagreement among the five Kabouter members on the Amsterdam City Council . Two of them advocated the legalization of marijuana and smoked it even during sessions . Van Duyn disagreed with their tactic and also felt that it was not an important issue . These same two people threw a stink bomb during a City Council meeting , forcing the chamber to adjourn for an hour .   The Kabouters most famous activity was squatting empty buildings . Such liberation of unused empty buildings from speculative absentee landlords was supported by Dutch public opinion . The Kabouters also operated many stores , alternative clothing factories , farms .

neg: Nomen nudum The phrase nomen nudum ( plural nomina nuda ) is a Latin term , meaning `` naked name '' , used in taxonomy ( especially in zoological and botanical nomenclature ) . It may or may not be written in italics , depending on style .   The term is used to indicate a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism , and may have originally been intended to be a scientific name , but fails to be one because it has not ( or has not yet ) been published with an adequate description ( or a reference to such a description ) , and thus is a `` bare '' or `` naked '' name , one which can not be accepted as it currently stands .   Because a nomen nudum fails to qualify as a formal scientific name , a later author can publish a real scientific name that is identical in spelling . If one and the same author puts a name in print , first as a nomen nudum and later publishes the name accompanied by a description that meets the formal requirements , then the date of publication of the latter , formally correct , publication becomes the name 's date of establishment .

neg: MacBird! MacBird ! is a 1967 satire by Barbara Garson that superimposed the transferral of power following the Kennedy assassination onto the plot of Shakespeare 's Macbeth .   Thus John F. Kennedy becomes `` John Ken O'Dunc '' , Lyndon Johnson becomes `` MacBird '' , Lady Bird Johnson becomes `` Lady MacBird '' , and so forth . As Macbeth assassinates Duncan , so MacBird is responsible for the assassination of Ken O'Dunc ; and as Macbeth is defeated by Macduff , so MacBird is defeated by Robert Ken O'Dunc ( i.e. Robert Kennedy ) . This action is significantly influenced by the Three Witches , representing Students , Blacks , and Leftists .   In a 2006 Washington Post interview Garson said she was not seriously accusing Johnson of complicity in the Kennedy assassination :   `` People used to ask me then , ` Do you really think Johnson killed Kennedy ? ' '' Garson , now 65 , recalls . `` I never took that seriously . I used to say to people , ` If he did , it 's the least of his crimes . ' It was not what the play was about . The plot was a given . ''   The play parodies sequences from Shakespearean tragedies including Macbeth , Hamlet , and Richard III , albeit with Texas and Boston accents . The action follows MacBird from the 1960 Democratic National Convention , when he becomes John Ken O'Dunc 's Vice-President ( `` Hail , Vice-President thou art ! '' ) , to Ken O'Dunc 's assassination ( at the urging of Lady MacBird ) , to a future Robert Ken O'Dunc victory over MacBird at the 1968 convention .   Macbird ! started out as a short satirical sketch by Garson , a recent graduate of the Berkeley anti-Vietnam war movement . It was developed into a full-length play with help from writer/director Roy Levine ( and Shakespeare ) .   The production , which opened a mere three years after the Kennedy assassination , was quite controversial . It has been said that pressure from local authorities was applied to theaters in New York who were considering it . The Village Gate was the only theater willing to defy this pressure and mount the play . Macbird opened there on February 22 , 1967 , and closed on January 21 , 1968 , after 386 performances .   Roy Levine , who worked with Garson to develop the work from what was essentially a sketch to a full-length play , was the original director of Macbird ! His bold and unique theatrical vision marked the production throughout the run , although , near the end of the almost-complete previews , he was suddenly replaced by Gerald Freedman . Set design was by Clarke Dunham , costumes by Jeanne Button , and lights by Robert Brand . The stage manager was Joel Zwick .   The opening night cast included :   Stacy Keach as MacBird  Rue McClanahan as Lady MacBird ,  Paul Hecht as John Ken O'Dunc  William Devane as Robert Ken O'Dunc  John Pleshette as Ted Ken O'Dunc  John Clark as Earl of Warren  Cleavon Little as Witch 2   The original cast recorded a two-disc album of the text on February 6 , 1967 .  It was released in a boxed set with a copy of the script on the Evergreen label as Evergreen - EVR 004   John Clark left the cast early to marry Lynn Redgrave . Cleavon Little made his professional acting debut in the play . It went on to a long engagement but with a different cast in Los Angeles where ironically the next Kennedy assassination would occur on June 5 , 1968 when Robert Kennedy would be shot to death while running for the Democratic presidential nomination . There was also a `` MacBird ! '' production by San Francisco 's Committee Theater circa 1968 .

neg: Theodore S. Weiss Theodore S. `` Ted '' Weiss ( September 17 , 1927 -- September 14 , 1992 ) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York serving from 1977 until his death from heart failure in New York City in 1992 .   Weiss was born in Gáva , Hungary and emigrated to the United States in 1938 as his family fled the Nazi invasion of Hungary . He grew up in Perth Amboy , New Jersey . Weiss served in the United States Army from 1946 until 1947 . He graduated from Syracuse University in 1951 , earning a law degree from Syracuse University College of Law in 1952 . In 1953 , Weiss became a naturalized citizen of the United States . Between 1955 and 1959 , he served as assistant New York County , New York ( Manhattan ) district attorney , before leaving the position to return to private practice .   From 1962 until 1976 , Weiss was a member of the New York City Council . He was a delegate to the 1972 Democratic National Convention . Weiss was elected to Congress in 1976 , representing most of Manhattan 's West Side , and served from January 3 , 1977 , until his death . Weiss was known for his avid support of liberal causes , including civil rights , open government , and the arts . He served on the House Committee on Banking , Finance , and Urban Affairs , the House Committee on Government Operations , and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs . In 1985 Weiss headed a committee that found 90 percent of the twenty to thirty thousand new drugs used on farm animals had not been approved by the FDA in violation of the Federal Food , Drug , and Cosmetic Act . They also found that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) failed to remove several drugs already known to be carcinogens .   Weiss died three days before the state 's Democratic primary election . Due to the Congressman 's ailing health , five Democrats appeared on the ballot to challenge him . Nonetheless , Weiss posthumously won the primary by a huge margin . State Assemblyman Jerry Nadler was named to replace Weiss on the ballot and was handily elected in November ; Nadler still holds the seat .   The Ted Weiss Federal Building in Lower Manhattan , adjacent to the African Burial Ground National Monument , has been named in Weiss ' honor .

neg: Unabomber: The True Story Unabomber : The True Story is a 1996 American television film starring Tobin Bell as Ted Kaczynski , who is also known as the Unabomber .

neg: Chris Korwin-Kuczynski Chris Korwin-Kuczynski ( born 1953 ) is a former Canadian municipal politician . He served as a councillor in Toronto from 1981 to 2003 , and was the city 's deputy mayor for a time .   He was born in Toronto , and holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from York University . He has been a director of the Polish-Canadian Congress , and has served as a special assistant to the federal Minister of State for Multiculturalism . He ran unsuccessfully for city council in 1980 as Chris Korwin but was successful on his second attempt , in a 1981 by-election .   In 1992 , Korwin-Kuczynski successfully urged that the music group Barenaked Ladies be banned from performing a concert in Nathan Phillips Square because he believed their name objectified women ( Toronto Star , 20 July 2005 ) . This decision was widely ridiculed , and gave considerable publicity to the then-obscure band .   Korwin-Kuczynski was a member of the council 's right-wing , and was a frequent ally of fellow councillor Tom Jakobek ( Toronto Star , 29 November 1994 ) . Kyle Rae has suggested that Korwin-Kuczynski became isolated on council when Jakobek left in 2000 ( Globe and Mail , 16 September 2003 ) .   In 1993 , Korwin-Kuczynski was removed as chair of the Toronto Board of Health after criticizing a strongly worded AIDS prevention pamphlet published by the AIDS Committee of Toronto ( Toronto Star , 23 January 1993 ) . He had suggested that the Committee , which received significant support from Toronto 's gay community , be denied city funding if it continued publishing such materials ( Globe and Mail , 25 January 1995 ) . Referring to his dismissal after the vote , he commented , '' -LSB- t -RSB- he only real issue I think this all stems from is AIDS , the whole issue surrounding the gay issue '' ( Toronto Star , 22 January 1993 ) .   Kyle Rae , who is openly gay , has said that Korwin-Kuczynski was anti-gay during the early 1990s but later changed his views . In 2003 , Rae was quoted as saying , `` He 's now generally supportive of these issues , but that did n't come easily . ''   He opposed a 1996 municipal bill that banned smoking in restaurants and bars , and requested that provincial Premier Mike Harris veto the measure ( Montreal Gazette , 8 July 1996 ) .   Korwin-Kuczynski considered running for the Liberal nomination in Parkdale -- High Park in the 1997 federal election , but ultimately declined ( Toronto Star , 16 February 1997 ) . He retired from the council in 2003 , amid rumours that he would move into consulting work ( Toronto Star , 24 December 2003 ) .   He endorsed Dennis Mills 's bid for re-election in the 2004 federal election , and a newspaper report from the period suggest that he was considering running as a Liberal candidate in the next federal election ( Globe and Mail , 22 December 2003 ) .   On September 27 , 2006 , he filed papers to run in the Toronto municipal election , 2006 in Ward 14 . However the next day he withdrew his nomination . This allowed him to retain a fundraising surplus of $ 21,742 leftover from his last campaign . If he had n't done this the money would have flowed into the city coffers .   Korwin-Kuczynski is a former honorary captain of the Canadian Navy , and once served as a director on the board of the Royal Canadian Military Institute in Toronto . His nickname is K-K .