query: Resident Evil is a franchise built around video games.

pos: Resident Evil Resident Evil , known as in Japan , is a survival horror video game-based media franchise created by Shinji Mikami and Tokuro Fujiwara and owned by the video game company Capcom . The franchise focuses around a series of survival horror video games , but has since branched out into comic books , novels , novelizations , sound dramas , live-action films , animated sequels to the games , and a variety of associated merchandise , such as action figures . The series ' overarching plot focuses on multiple characters , and their roles in recurring outbreaks of zombies and other monsters , initially due to the release of the T-virus , but still more biological weapons over time , created mainly by the fictional Umbrella Corporation and various other organizations in later games .   The eponymous first game in the series was released in 1996 as a survival horror video game , but the franchise has since grown to encompass other video game genres . The series is a mix of action and horror film-inspired plotlines , exploration , and puzzle solving . As of January 27 , 2017 , the video game series has sold 75 million units worldwide , and is Capcom 's biggest franchise in terms of software sales .

neg: Claire Redfield is a fictional character in the Resident Evil ( Biohazard in Japan ) horror franchise by Capcom . Claire is the younger sister of Chris Redfield , an American special police officer who is a protagonist of the first Resident Evil game , and is herself a protagonist of the video games Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil - Code : Veronica , where she is a zombie outbreak survivor turned a vigilante . She returned as an abducted activist in the video game Resident Evil : Revelations 2 after being absent from the main series for a decade and half since Code : Veronica .   Claire has also appeared in various other media , including several additional video games , the computer-animated film Resident Evil : Degeneration , and the non-canon live-action films Resident Evil : Extinction , Resident Evil : Afterlife and Resident Evil : The Final Chapter , as well as in the promotion and merchandise for the franchise . She was very well received by critics and became one of the most popular Resident Evil characters .

neg: Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN .   Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games .   On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine .   The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage .   Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .

neg: List of Final Fantasy media Final Fantasy is a series of role-playing video games developed and published by Square Enix ( formerly Square ) . Its first game premiered in Japan in 1987 , and Final Fantasy games have subsequently been localized for markets in North America , Europe and Australia , on nearly every video game console since its debut on the Nintendo Entertainment System . Final Fantasy is Square Enix 's most successful franchise , having sold over 97 million units worldwide to date . In addition to traditional role-playing games , the series includes tactical role-playing games , portable games , massively multiplayer online role-playing games , and games for mobile phones . Its popularity has placed it as the sixth-best-selling video game franchise , and the series has won multiple awards over the years .   In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main ( numbered ) series and their many spin-offs and related titles , the Final Fantasy series has spawned many works in other media including anime , movies , novels and manga , and radio dramas . Final Fantasy : Unlimited , originally a stand-alone anime series , now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games . Many games , particularly the main series , have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements . Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information , as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game . Since the announcement of Compilation of Final Fantasy VII , Square Enix has focused on `` polymorphic content '' , expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms , as well as other forms of media .

neg: List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) .   Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .

neg: List of Tales media The Tales series , known in Japan as the , is a franchise of fantasy Japanese role-playing video games published by Bandai Namco Games ( formerly Namco ) , and developed by its subsidiary , Namco Tales Studio ( formerly Wolf Team ) until 2011 and presently by Bandai Namco . First begun in 1995 with the development and release of Tales of Phantasia for the Super Famicom , the series currently spans fifteen main titles , multiple spin-off games and supplementary media in the form of manga series , anime series , and audio dramas .   While entries in the series generally stand independent of each other with different characters and stories , they are commonly linked by their gameplay , themes and high fantasy settings . Most of the main Tales games have been localized for North America and Europe , although almost all of the spinoff titles have not been released abroad . While generally seen as a niche series in English speaking regions , Tales is considered a high-profile property in Japan , just behind other series such as Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest . As of December 2013 , the series has sold 16 million units worldwide .

neg: Pokémon (video game series) Pokémon is a series of video games developed by Game Freak and Creatures Inc. and published by Nintendo as part of the Pokémon media franchise . First released in 1996 in Japan for the Game Boy , the main series of role-playing video games ( RPGs ) has continued on each generation of Nintendo 's handhelds .   The games are commonly released in pairs -- each with slight variations -- with an enhanced remake of the games usually released a few years after the original versions . While the main series consists of role-playing games , spinoffs encompass other genres , such as action role-playing , puzzle , and digital pet games .   , more than 279 million Pokémon games have been sold worldwide , more than 200 million of which from the main series . This makes Pokémon the third best-selling video game franchise , behind Nintendo 's own Mario franchise and the Tetris series of block puzzle games . The franchise 's mascot is Pikachu .

neg: Rule of Rose Rule of Rose is a survival horror video game developed by Punchline for the PlayStation 2 . It was first released in 2006 by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan . After Sony Computer Entertainment 's American and European branch did not express interest in localizing the title , it was published later that year by Atlus USA in North America and by 505 Games in Europe . Set in England in 1930 , the plot revolves around a nineteen-year-old woman named Jennifer , who becomes trapped in a world ruled by young girls who have established a class hierarchy called the Red Crayon Aristocrats .   Development on Rule of Rose began after Punchline was asked by Sony Computer Entertainment to make a horror game . Punchline wanted to develop a `` new type of horror game '' with an emphasis on psychological horror . This decision led to the concept of childhood , specifically the `` mysterious and misunderstood '' nature of young girls . The team drew inspiration from the classic Brothers Grimm fairy tales for the narrative , and the Silent Hill series for graphics and art style . The entire score was produced by studio musicians in order to bring a human element to the game 's atmosphere .   Rule of Rose received significant controversy before release due to its use of violence and implied sexuality among some of its underage , female characters . Various European authorities condemned the game and called for its banning . The game was cancelled in the United Kingdom , despite the Video Standards Council calling the complaints `` nonsense . '' Rule of Rose received mixed reviews from many publications ; reactions to the story , music , and horror elements were almost universally positive , while the gameplay was panned . The game has been compared to Silent Hill and Haunting Ground , due to the psychological horror used throughout and because the main character is accompanied by a canine companion .

neg: God Eater (series) The franchise is a series of sci-fi action/adventure video games developed by Shift and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment , starting with the titular game released on February 4 , 2010 for the PlayStation Portable . Similar to the Monster Hunter franchise , it depicts the desperate battle between humanity and a race of omnivorous monsters in a futuristic post-apocalyptic world . The game currently has five games ( including three revamped games ) , several manga and light novel adaptations , soundtracks , and an anime adaptation .

neg: Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' .   Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel .   Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories .

neg: List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide .   Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games .   For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .

neg: Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . ''   The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements .   Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues .   Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .

neg: Red Annihilation Red Annihilation was a Quake competitive eSport event held in May 1997 that was one of the first nationwide video game competition held in the United States . In the final match of the tournament , Dennis `` Thresh '' Fong defeated Tom `` Entropy '' Kimzey of Impulse 9 on the map Castle of the Damned . For winning the event , Fong was awarded John D. Carmack 's 1987 Ferrari 328 GTS cabriolet as the grand prize .   The tournament was created first as Kings of Capture Quake Tournament started by Michael `` Hawthorne '' Shearon , after contacting Intergraph for possible sponsorship the tournament was folded into what became Red Annihilation .   The tournament was then developed and organized by Rob Esterling , executive director overseeing Intergraph Computer Systems 's commercial and consumer graphics group , and his Intergraph team including Jim Terzian , the tournament 's director and Victor Johnson , the team 's Art Director .   In 1996 , Microsoft 's DirectX group hosted game competitions , first at the Computer Game Developers Conference , then as a separate event , selecting the players and flying them in to compete . These Microsoft-hosted competitions might be seen as the first nationwide video game competitions held in the United States , as players came from throughout the country .   When a further Microsoft DirectX-organized event , intended to be held at Naval Air Station Alameda , was cancelled , Intergraph announced it would host a tournament that would be an open , national computer game competition and chose Quake as the game to be played .   Intergraph brought in Quake developer id Software , 3D computer graphics chipset maker Rendition , and online gaming company Mpath Interactive as partners in Red Annihilation . Will Bryant and Frank Cabanski of the Quake ClanRing were selected to operate the game competition because of their prior pioneering experience running large scale gaming tournaments .   The initial phase of the tournament was held on Mpath 's MPlayer network with over 2000 participants from across the United States competing online in one-on-one matches .   The top 16 players were flown to Atlanta , Georgia for the concluding phase of the tournament , where they competed inside the World Congress Center in a gaming arena Intergraph built on the floor of the Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) . This phase of the competition used vQuake , the hardware accelerated version of the game , played on Intergraph PC computers equipped with Rendition V1000-based Intense3D graphics accelerators . Players were able to use their own keyboards , mice and other pointing devices if they wished .   As E3 was at the time an industry exhibition open to the trade only , most spectators watched the final competitions online via in-game cameras orchestrated by Bryant and Cabanski . The final morning of the tournament was also covered from the show floor by NBC 's Today and The Wall Street Journal .   It was discovered during the award ceremony that tournament winner Fong , a student at De Anza College , would not be able to drive his prize as he was not insured for such a vehicle . Carmack agreed to underwrite Fong 's insurance for a year so the latter could enjoy his new car .

neg: Lunar (series) is a series of role-playing video games , developed by Game Arts in Japan and published in the United States by Working Designs , Ubisoft , and Xseed Games .   The original releases of The Silver Star and Eternal Blue , were published for Mega-CD in Japan and Sega CD in North America . They were later remade for the Japanese Sega Saturn with considerable story , graphical , and musical changes . These remakes were later ported to the PlayStation in Japan and North America . The first game was also ported to the Microsoft Windows computer platform in Japan and Korea , and was later remade for the Game Boy Advance and PlayStation Portable in Japan and North America .   A side-story game , Lunar : Walking School for the Game Gear , was also remade for the Sega Saturn but has seen no North America release in any form . Backed by publisher Ubisoft , Game Arts created a new Lunar installment for the Nintendo DS , released in September 2005 in North America .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Fangame Fangames are video games made by fans based on one or more established video games . Many fangames attempt to clone or remake the original game 's design , gameplay and characters , but it is equally common for fans to develop a unique game using another only as a template . Though the quality of fangames has always been variable , recent advances in computer technology and in available tools , e.g. through open source software , have made creating high-quality games easier .

neg: Battle royal (gaming) Battle royal ( sometimes spelled as battle royale ) is a video game genre that blends the exploration and scavenging elements of a survival game with last man standing gameplay .   The genre had early roots in survival games such as DayZ , in which players struggled alongside or against each other to obtain basic necessities to continue living in a persistent sandbox filled with various dangers . This led to the development of other games that lacked open-endedness in favor of focusing on hostile interactions between players to determine an eventual winner . One such game was the Battle Royale mod for ARMA 2 and 3 , which was inspired by the Japanese media franchise of the same name , and from which the genre also took its moniker . H1Z1 : King of the Kill became a popular standalone game , whose success was later followed by PlayerUnknown 's Battlegrounds .

neg: Nintendo Nintendo Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto , Japan . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization . Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi , it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels . The word Nintendo can be roughly translated from Japanese to English as `` leave luck to heaven '' .   Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s , ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan 's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $ 85 billion . From 1992 until 2016 , Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball 's Seattle Mariners .   , Nintendo has cumulative sales of over 670.43 million hardware units and 4.23 billion software units . The company has created and released some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , and Pokémon .

neg: Pokémon notice is a media franchise managed by The Pokémon Company , a Japanese consortium between Nintendo , Game Freak , and Creatures . The franchise copyright is shared by all three companies , but Nintendo is the sole owner of the trademark . The franchise was created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1995 , and is centered on fictional creatures called `` Pokémon '' , which humans , known as Pokémon Trainers , catch and train to battle each other for sport .   The franchise began as a pair of video games for the original Game Boy that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo . It now spans video games , trading card games , animated television shows and movies , comic books , and toys . Pokémon is the second best-selling video game franchise , behind only Nintendo 's Mario franchise and the highest-grossing media franchise of all time . The franchise is also represented in other Nintendo media , such as the Super Smash Bros. series .   Cumulative sales of the video games ( including home console games , such as Hey You , Pikachu ! for the Nintendo 64 ) have reached more than 290 million copies . In November 2005 , 4Kids Entertainment , which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon , announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement . The Pokémon Company International ( formerly Pokémon USA Inc. ) , a subsidiary of Japan 's Pokémon Co. , oversees all Pokémon licensing outside of Asia . As of May 2016 , the Pokémon franchise has grossed revenues of ¥ 6.0 trillion worldwide ( equivalent to US$ 50.4 billion ) .   The franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2006 . 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the release of the original games , with the company celebrating by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 , issuing re-releases of Pokémon Red , Blue , and Yellow , and completely redesigning the way the newest games are played . The mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go was released in July 2016 . The first seventh-generation games Pokémon Sun and Moon were released worldwide on November 18 , 2016 . A live-action film adaptation based on Great Detective Pikachu is planned to start production in 2017 . The English slogan for the franchise is `` Got ta Catch 'Em All '' .

neg: Spec Ops: The Line Spec Ops : The Line is a 2012 third-person shooter video game developed by the German studio Yager Development and published by 2K Games . It was released internationally in June 2012 for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . It was later released for OS X in 2013 and Linux in 2015 . It is the tenth title , as well as a reboot , of the Spec Ops series , and the first entry since Spec Ops : Airborne Commando in 2002 . The game is powered by Unreal Engine 3 .   In the game , the player controls Captain Martin Walker , who is sent into a post-catastrophe Dubai with an elite Delta Force team on a recon mission . As the game progresses , Walker 's mental health deteriorates , as he begins to experience hallucinations and slowly realizes the horror of war . Players can hide behind cover , vault over obstacles , and shoot enemies while utilizing a variety of gadgets . Sand is a key gameplay mechanic that can be manipulated to defeat enemies . Included with the game is an online multiplayer mode , developed separately by Darkside Game Studios , allowing players to engage in both cooperative and competitive gameplay .   Yager started the game 's development in 2007 , taking inspiration for the setting and story framework from various media , including Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now . The game was designed to be `` physically opposing '' , causing players to question their thoughts about treating war in a video game as entertainment , and tasks players to make a variety of morally ambiguous decisions . The game suffered from multiple delays , and the development team used this time to refine the story and increase the gameplay 's pace . The game 's soundtrack is a mix of licensed music and original music composed by Elia Cmíral .   Video game critics gave Spec Ops : The Line generally positive reviews . Praise focused on the narrative and its themes , while criticism was targeted at the online multiplayer mode and generic third person gameplay . Spec Ops : The Line was a commercial failure and did not garner the attention that distributor Take-Two Interactive had hoped for , but it was awarded and nominated for several end-of-the-year accolades particularly for its story . Yager announced that there would not be a sequel to the game . The game was banned in the United Arab Emirates for its depiction of Dubai in a state of destruction .

neg: Evil Dead: Hail to the King Evil Dead : Hail to the King is a survival horror video game developed by Heavy Iron Studios and published by THQ released for the PlayStation , Dreamcast and Microsoft Windows .


query: Paul Simon was a musician.

pos: Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon ( born October 13 , 1941 ) is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' .   The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony ( 1980 ) and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman ( 1998 ) with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts .   Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year ( Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland ) , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees .

neg: A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group .   The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: Joe Simon (musician) Joe Simon ( born September 2 , 1943 ) is an American chart-topping , Grammy Award winning , soul and R&B musician . A consistent presence on the US charts between 1964 and 1981 , Simon charted 51 U.S. Pop and R&B chart Hits between 1964 and 1981 , including eight times in the US top forty , and thirty-eight times in the top 40 of the US R&B charts , and 13 chart hits in Canada . His biggest hits included three number one entries on the US Billboard R&B chart : `` The Chokin ' Kind '' ( 1969 ) , `` Power Of Love '' ( 1972 ) , and `` Get Down , Get Down ( Get on the Floor ) '' ( 1975 ) .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: American Tune `` American Tune '' is a song by the American singer-songwriter Paul Simon . It was the third single from his third studio album , There Goes Rhymin ' Simon ( 1973 ) , released on Columbia Records . The song , a meditation on the American experience , is based on a melody line from a chorale from Johann Sebastian Bach 's St Matthew Passion . The song reached number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 .

neg: Paul Clark (Christian musician) Paul Clark is a musician who was involved in the Jesus music movement and early contemporary Christian music industry . He was born in Kansas City and recorded his first album in 1971 , Songs from the Saviour Vol 1 . Its songs became one of the first signs of the growing `` Jesus Movement '' of the early 70s .   He went on to record a further albums including Songs From The Savior - Volume Two , Come Into His Presence and Good To Be Home with Paul Clark and Friends ( including Phil Keaggy , Jay Truax , John Mehler , Bill speer , Mike Burhart , and more ) , then launched the well received , award-winning 1977 album Hand to the Plow . In 1978 he followed up with Change in the Wind and in 1980 with Aim for the Heart . These three albums had some jazz influences and were well-produced in the context of other Christian music of the time . Aim for the Heart featured Abraham Laboriel on bass along with Harlan Rogers , Hadley Hockensmith and Bill Maxwell and was certainly jazz influenced . Those four went on to become members of Koinonia jazz band from 1982 till about 1990 .   Clark is recognized as one of the founding fathers of the Jesus Movement and the contemporary Christian music industry . During his 13-year association with Word Records in the 1970s and 1980s , Clark 's songwriting , record producing and performances placed him in the forefront along with artists like Phil Keaggy , 2nd Chapter of Acts , Love Song , Larry Norman , Andraé Crouch , Honeytree , Keith Green , Randy Stonehill , Barry McGuire , and many notable others .   He is also interested in fine art photography and entering 2010 is currently working on two new CD projects and releasing two books .

neg: Beaver & Krause Beaver & Krause were a musical duo made up of Paul Beaver and Bernie Krause . Their 1967 album The Nonesuch Guide to Electronic Music was a pioneering work in the electronic music genre .   Beaver introduced Monkees singer-drummer Micky Dolenz to the Moog , which became a featured instrument on the fourth Monkees album , Pisces , Aquarius , Capricorn & Jones Ltd. , and Beaver himself performed on one track , `` Star Collector '' in 1967 . In addition , he led workshops at the Beaver & Krause LA studio attended by a who 's who of film composers and session keyboardists of the time .   In June 1967 , Beaver and Krause set up a booth at the Monterey Pop Festival , demonstrating their newly purchased electronic synthesiser , one of the first constructed by Bob Moog .   Thanks to their demonstrations of the Moog at Monterey , Beaver and Krause also introduced the instrument to a number of other leading American pop acts including The Doors , Simon & Garfunkel and The Byrds , helping to create the vogue for the Moog that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s .   Krause introduced the instrument first to Sir George Martin , producer of the Beatles , and then to George Harrison during Harrison 's 1968 visit to California while producing the Apple artist , Jackie Lomax . He used it to generate his 1969 free-form solo Electronic Sound album for Apple Records ' spinoff label Zapple , with the first side of the disc consisting of not only Krause 's composition , but also his performance -- one that remained completely unacknowledged and uncompensated for .   In 1968 , Beaver and Krause released an album for Mercury Records imprint Limelight Records , Ragnarok , then released a series of three albums for Warner Brothers Records , In a Wild Sanctuary ( 1970 ) , Gandharva ( 1971 ) and All Good Men ( 1972 ) , effectively creating both the electronica and New Age musical movements .   The final chord of the track `` Spaced '' from their album , In a Wild Sanctuary , is abnormally similar to the later synthesizer THX Sound Logo heard for years in movie theaters and named deep note . The THX performance conveniently begins on the same first note ( a G pedal tone ) , splits into an 8-tone glissando with four notes rising and four descending , and ends on the same open ( D Major ) chord . Despite THX 's contention that it was not directly influenced by Beaver and Krause , no other musical rendering of that kind can be found over the entire course of musical history .   Both Mike Bloomfield and Ronnie Montrose played guitar on the Beaver & Krause song `` Saga Of The Blue Beaver '' .   The duo ended with Beaver 's premature death in January , 1975 , at age 49 .   Krause released at least two more solo albums : Citadels of Mystery in 1979 and Gorillas in the Mix in 1988 . He also scored music and/or effects for many movies like Apocalypse Now on synthesizer .   In 1995 Krause released an album of Holiday music with Phil Aaberg composed entirely of sampled animal noises recorded in the wild titled A Wild Christmas .   Since earning his Ph.D. in Creative ( Sound ) Arts with an internship in bioacoustics ( 1981 ) , Krause has specialized almost exclusively in the recording and archiving of natural soundscapes from wild habitats worldwide and has been a major influence in the introduction to bioacoustics of the fields of soundscape ecology and ecoacoustics . In 2014 , Krause collaborated with Richard Blackford , former composer-in-residence at Balliol College Oxford , to compose a symphony titled , The Great Animal Orchestra Symphony for Orchestra and Wild Soundscapes , commissioned and performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales . Echoing the pioneering ecoacoustic approach in Beaver & Krause 's In A Wild Sanctuary , the symphony featured the first full orchestration combining wild soundscapes performed live as a component of orchestration . In 2015 , Blackford and Krause were commissioned by the Alonzo King LINES Ballet , an internationally known corps based in San Francisco , to score the ballet , Biophony , which premiered in April of that year .

neg: Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO .   The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe .   Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success .   In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print .   The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business .   There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .

neg: Ellis Paul Ellis Paul ( born Paul Plissey ; January 14 , 1965 ) is an American singer-songwriter and folk musician . Born in Aroostook County , Maine , Paul is a key figure in what has become known as the Boston school of songwriting , a literate , provocative and urbanely romantic folk-pop style that helped ignite the folk revival of the 1990s . His pop music songs have appeared in movies and on television , bridging the gap between the modern folk sound and the populist traditions of Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger .   Paul grew up in a small Maine town . He attended Boston College on a track scholarship , majoring in English . Injured during his junior year , Paul began playing guitar to help fill his free time and soon began writing songs . After graduating college Paul played at open mic nights in the Boston area while working with inner-city school children . He won a Boston Acoustic Underground songwriter competition and gained national exposure on a Windham Hill Records compilation which helped him choose music as a career .   Paul had released 19 albums by the end of 2014 and received 14 Boston Music Awards , considered the pinnacle of contemporary acoustic music success by some . He has published a book of original lyrics , poems , and drawings and released a DVD that includes a live performance , guitar instruction , and a road-trip documentary . In 2014 , his children 's CD Hero in You was published as a book by Albert Whitman & Company . Paul plays almost 200 live shows a year .

neg: Hearts and Bones Hearts and Bones is the sixth solo studio album by Paul Simon . It was released in 1983 .   The album was originally intended to be called Think Too Much , but Mo Ostin , president of Warner Bros. . Records , persuaded Simon to change it to Hearts and Bones . The album was written and recorded following Simon & Garfunkel 's The Concert in Central Park in 1981 , and the world tour of 1982-1983 . Several songs intended for Think Too Much were previewed on tour , and Art Garfunkel worked on some of the songs with Simon in the studio , with an intention that the finished product would be an all-new Simon & Garfunkel studio album . Garfunkel left the project and Simon worked the material into a solo album .

neg: Simon Berry Simon Paul Berry , known by his alias Art of Trance , is a trance music artist from England . Berry is also known as Poltergeist or Vicious Circles , and has been a member of the trance groups Clanger , Conscious and Union Jack . In addition to his work as an artist , Berry was the co-founder and head of Platipus Records . He cites Depeche Mode , Vangelis , Tomita , Orbital , 808 State , Jean Michel Jarre , Walter Wendy Carlos , Juan Atkins , Derrick May and Jeff Mills as his musical influences . Art of Trance is well known for the usage of samples of natural sounds ( or electronically produced imitations of natural sounds ) in his tracks , like bird singing ( e.g. `` Easter Island '' , `` Kaleidoscope '' , `` Madagascar '' ) . The songs `` Stealth '' and `` Blue Owl '' were featured on the video game Midnight Club II .

neg: Piano quartet In European classical music , piano quartet denotes a chamber music composition for piano and three other instruments , or a musical ensemble comprising such instruments . Those other instruments are usually a string trio consisting of a violin , viola and cello .   Piano quartets for that standard lineup were written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Robert Schumann , Ludwig van Beethoven , Johannes Brahms , Antonín Dvořák and Gabriel Fauré among others . In the 20th century , composers have also written for more varied groups , with Anton Webern 's Quartet , opus 22 ( 1930 ) , for example , being for piano , violin , clarinet and tenor saxophone , and Paul Hindemith 's quartet ( 1938 ) as well as Olivier Messiaen 's Quatuor pour la fin du temps ( 1940 ) both for piano , violin , cello and clarinet . An early example of this can be found in Franz Berwald 's quartet for piano , horn , clarinet and bassoon ( 1819 ) , his opus 1 .   A rare form of piano quartets consist of two pianos with two players at each piano . This type of ensemble is informally referred to as `` 8 hand piano '' , or `` 2 piano 8 hands '' . 8 hand piano was popular in the late 19th century before the advent of recordings as it was a mechanism to reproduce and study symphonic works . Music lovers could hear the major symphonic works all in the convenience of a parlour or music hall that had two pianos and four pianists . Many of the popular works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Robert Schumann , Johannes Brahms , Antonín Dvořák were transcribed for two piano eight hands . The majority of 8 hand piano music consists of transcriptions , or arrangements .

neg: Sung poetry Sung poetry is a broad and imprecise music genre widespread in European countries , such as Poland and the Baltic States , to describe songs consisting of a poem ( most often a ballad ) and music written specially for that text . The compositions usually feature a delicate melody and scarce musical background , often comprising a guitar or piano . Some sung poetry performers are singer-songwriters , others use known , published poems , or collaborate with contemporary writers . Artists of sung poetry include people of various occupations usually with little or no particular music education , as well as stage actors .   Sung poetry shares much in common with the author 's song in Russia yet differs from it in a significant way : sung poetry performers often do not compose lyrics themselves . Similar artists in other countries are usually classified as bards , folk music or folk rock ( such as Jacques Brel , Lluís Llach , Ovidi Montllor , Georges Brassens , Léo Ferré , Bob Dylan , Simon and Garfunkel , Tom Waits , Leonard Cohen , Djordje Balasevic , Bulat Okudzhava , Vladimir Vysotsky , Paco Ibáñez ) , or chamber pop . Artists of other musical genres may or may not be included into sung poetry category . For instance Czesław Niemen whose many songs are based on works of esteemed Polish poets is usually regarded as either a rock or electronic musician . The common forms of expression are individual and collective public performances , festivals of sung poetry , publication of records online and release of music albums .

neg: Homeward Bound (song) `` Homeward Bound '' is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album , Parsley , Sage , Rosemary and Thyme ( 1966 ) , although it was recorded during the sessions for their second album Sounds of Silence and included on that album in the UK . Produced by Bob Johnston , the song was released as a single on January 19 , 1966 by Columbia Records . Written by Paul Simon , the song was composed in 1964 during his period in England . Away from his girlfriend , Kathy Chitty , while touring clubs , Simon felt depressed and homesick . He first penned the song on a scrap of paper at Widnes railway station .   `` Homeward Bound '' was the duo 's second single , the follow-up to their enormously successful breakthrough hit `` The Sound of Silence '' . It performed very well domestically , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 , remaining on the charts for 12 weeks . Internationally , the song performed best in Canada , where it hit number two ; it was also a top five hit in the Netherlands .

neg: One-Trick Pony (album) One-Trick Pony , Paul Simon 's fifth solo studio album , was released in 1980 . It was Simon 's first album for Warner Bros. . Records , and his first new studio album since 1975 's Still Crazy After All These Years . His back catalog from Columbia Records would also move to Warner Bros. as a result of his signing with the label .   Paul Simon 's One-Trick Pony was released concurrently with the film of the same name , in which Simon also starred . Despite their similarities , the album and film are musically distinct : each features different versions of the same songs , as well as certain songs that appear exclusively on either the film or the album . The album is best known for the Grammy-nominated track `` Late in the Evening '' which was a hit for Simon in 1980 , peaking at # 6 in the United States . Two of the tracks ( the title song and `` Ace in the Hole '' ) were recorded live at the Agora Theatre and Ballroom in Cleveland , Ohio in September 1979 . The rest are studio cuts .   A few of the session musicians appearing on the album also appeared in the movie as the character Jonah 's backing band : Eric Gale on lead guitar , Richard Tee on piano , Tony Levin on bass , and Steve Gadd on drums .   In 2004 , One-Trick Pony was remastered and re-released by Warner Bros. . Records . This reissue contains four bonus tracks , including `` Soft Parachutes '' and `` Spiral Highway '' ( an early version of `` How the Heart Approaches What It Yearns '' ) both of which were featured in the film but were missing from the original album release . Also included in the re-release were the outtake of `` All Because of You '' ( an early version of `` Oh Marion '' ) and `` Stranded in a Limousine '' , which originally appeared on the 1977 compilation Greatest Hits , Etc. . .

neg: Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) .   In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . ''   The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries .   Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show .   In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .

neg: American Musical Instrument Society The American Musical Instrument Society ( AMIS ) was formed in 1971 `` to promote study of the history , design , and use of musical instruments in all cultures and from all periods '' ( the branch of musicology known as organology ) . Based in the United States , it publishes a journal and a newsletter , holds annual conferences ( occasionally in conjunction with the Galpin Society ) , maintains an active website and e-mail forum , and presents five awards . The society 's international membership includes collectors , curators , historians , performers , instrument makers , conservators , restorers , dealers , teachers , and students .   The Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society , ( ISSN 0362-3300 ) published annually , contains three to six articles , generously illustrated , on a wide range of subjects ; book reviews ; a list of recent publications about musical instruments ; and notices and advertisements . Articles published have been reviewed by expert members of the journal 's editorial board . Copies of the journal are available in institutional libraries on four continents ; its contents may be accessed on ProQuest , an online source . An index to back issues is available at the AMIS website .   The Newsletter of the American Musical Instrument Society , published twice a year , contains official notices and news of the society 's activities ; short articles , reviews and communications ; recent acquisition lists from member institutions ; news of members , and classified ads . Current and recent issues are archived on the AMIS web site .   AMIS-L is a Listserv e-mail forum for AMIS members and designated others . It was established following the international joint conference of AMIS , the Galpin Society , and CIMCIM at the National Music Museum in Vermillion , South Dakota , in May 2006 , to facilitate continuing informal communications among members .   The Curt Sachs Award , named for a founder of the modern systematic study of musical instruments , is given for lifetime contributions to the goals of the society . The recipient is invited to address members of AMIS at the society 's annual meeting . Past recipients of this and other awards are listed on the society 's web site . In 2008 William Waterhouse received the award posthumously .   The Nicholas Bessaraboff Prize , named for the scholar who helped lay the foundations of modern organology with his monumental catalog Ancient European Musical Instruments , is awarded for best book-length publication in English . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 500 , was first given in 1989 and was awarded every second year thereafter to 2009 , when it became an annual award .   The Frances Densmore Prize , named for the pioneering ethnographer who recorded musical practices of Native Americans on hundreds of wax cylinders and in important books , is awarded for the most significant article-length publication in English . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 500 , was first given in 1988 and was awarded every second year thereafter to 2009 , when it became an annual award .   The Frederick Selch Award , named for an important collector of American musical instruments who was a founding member and second president of AMIS , was established in 2004 to honor the best student paper presented at an annual meeting of AMIS . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 250 , is awarded at the discretion of a committee appointed by the AMIS president .   The William E. Gribbon Memorial Award , named for a woodwind collector and longtime AMIS member , was established in 1989 to encourage and enable students to attend the annual meetings of AMIS . The award consists of a student membership in AMIS for one year and substantial financial support for travel and lodging . Applicants must be aged thirty-five years or under , be enrolled as full-time undergraduate or graduate students in accredited academic programs , and have career interests that relate to the purposes of AMIS .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John .   In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News .   Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .

neg: Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin' Paul Simon in Concert : Live Rhymin ' is an album by Paul Simon , released in March 1974 by Columbia Records . It was recorded in the wake of the release of There Goes Rhymin ' Simon -- which produced a number of hit singles ( `` Kodachrome '' and `` Loves Me Like a Rock '' ) and radio staples ( as `` Something So Right '' and `` Take Me to the Mardi Gras '' ) during Simon 's 1973-74 tour , at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum , New York , July 10th , 1973 . However , the album presents a very truncated version of the concerts he performed on this tour , which consisted of up to 24 songs . The album fails to note where the performances were recorded , although according to liner notes in a later Simon compilation , `` Duncan '' is from a London concert and `` American Tune '' was recorded in New York City .   Simon was joined by Urubamba and the Jessy Dixon Singers , although the individual members are not identified either on the recording or on the liner notes . In addition to `` Jesus Is the Answer '' , included on the album , Jessy Dixon also performed `` What Do They Call Him '' on tour , while Urubamba performed the instrumentals `` Kacharpari '' and `` Death in Santa Cruz '' .   The album was Simon 's first live release and showed him performing Simon & Garfunkel songs solo in concert for the first time . The variety of songs and richness of styles helped with the album 's appeal . Most notable was Simon 's fascination with gospel , something that materialized in the arrangements on many of the songs , taking distance from Simon 's classical folk early style .   Near the end of the album , an audience member calls out for Simon to `` say a few words . '' He replies : `` Say a few words ? Well , let 's hope that we continue to live . ''   The album was a moderate success . It reached # 33 in the U.S. and was eventually certified gold by the RIAA . However , it failed to chart at all in the UK . Further , two of the live performances were released as a single as part of the promotion for the album : the breakthrough Simon & Garfunkel `` The Sound of Silence '' as the A-side , along with Simon 's debut single `` Mother and Child Reunion '' on the B-side .


query: A Golden Globe Award has been won by Jane Lynch.

pos: Jane Lynch Jane Marie Lynch ( born July 14 , 1960 ) is an American actress , singer , and comedian . She is best known as Sue Sylvester on Glee . She also gained fame in Christopher Guest 's improv mockumentary pictures such as Best in Show .   Lynch 's television cameos include an appearance in the Nickelodeon situation comedy iCarly and the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds . Lynch had a recurring role in the Warner Bros. situation comedy Two and a Half Men from 2004 to 2014 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in 2010 . She has also had other notable roles in numerous mainstream comedies , such as Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby , The 40-Year-Old Virgin , Role Models and The Three Stooges .   Her portrayal of Sue Sylvester in Glee has won numerous awards , including the Primetime Emmy Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy , Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries , or Television Film , and the People 's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress .   On September 4 , 2013 , Lynch received the 2,505 th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of television located at 6640 Hollywood Blvd. . Lynch has lent her voice to multiple animated films , including Space Chimps , Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs , Shrek Forever After and Wreck-It Ralph . Since 2013 , she has hosted the NBC game show Hollywood Game Night , for which she has won two Emmy Awards .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Everly (film) Everly is a 2014 American action thriller film directed by Joe Lynch and written by Yale Hannon based on a story by Lynch and Hannon . The film stars Salma Hayek as the title character with Akie Kotabe , Jennifer Blanc , Masashi Fujimoto , Togo Igawa , Gabriella Wright , Caroline Chikezie , Laura Cepeda , and Hiroyuki Watanabe in supporting roles .   The film was released via iTunes on January 23 , 2015 , and received a limited theatrical release on February 27 , 2015 , by Dimension Films .

neg: Chicago (2002 film) Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy film based on the musical of the same name , exploring the themes of celebrity , scandal , and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age . The film stars Catherine Zeta-Jones , Renée Zellweger and Richard Gere . Chicago centers on Velma Kelly ( Zeta-Jones ) and Roxie Hart ( Zellweger ) , two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago . Velma , a vaudevillian , and Roxie , a housewife , fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows . Directed and choreographed by Rob Marshall , and adapted by screenwriter Bill Condon , with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb , Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003 , including Best Picture . The film was critically lauded , and was the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver ! in 1968 .

neg: 29th Golden Globe Awards The 29th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 1971 films , were held on February 6 , 1972 .

neg: The Verdict The Verdict is a 1982 American courtroom drama film starring Paul Newman , Charlotte Rampling , Jack Warden , James Mason , Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse . The film , which was directed by Sidney Lumet , was adapted by David Mamet from the novel by Barry Reed . It is about a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer who takes a medical malpractice case to improve his own situation , but discovers along the way that he is doing the right thing .   The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success . The film was nominated for five Academy Awards , including Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Paul Newman ) , Best Actor in a Supporting Role ( James Mason ) , Best Director ( Sidney Lumet ) , Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay ( David Mamet ) .

neg: Vivien Leigh Vivien Leigh ( born Vivian Mary Hartley , and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947 ; 5 November 19138 July 1967 ) was a British stage and film actress . She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , a role she had also played on stage in London 's West End in 1949 . She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich ( 1963 ) .   After her drama school education , Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England ( 1937 ) . Lauded for her beauty , Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress . Despite her fame as a screen actress , Leigh was primarily a stage performer . During her 30-year career , she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia , Cleopatra , Juliet , and Lady Macbeth . Later in life , she performed as a character actress in a few films .   At the time , the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband Laurence Olivier , who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960 . Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions , with Olivier often directing , and in three films . She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with , and for much of her adult life she suffered from bipolar disorder as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis , which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53 . Although her career had periods of inactivity , in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema .

neg: Jane Prowse Jane Prowse writes and directs theatre and television .   Her most recent play is A Round-Heeled Woman , the stage adaptation of Jane Juska 's book A Round-Heeled Woman : My Late-Life Adventures in Sex and Romance . The play starred multi-award winning actress Sharon Gless and opened in San Francisco in January 2010 ; a new production , with Prowse directing ran at the GableStage Theatre in Coral Gables , Florida , starting 30 December 2010 . The run was extended to 6 February 2011 . A London production took place from 18 October - 20 November at Riverside Studios , also starring Gless and directed by Prowse and transferred to the Aldwych Theatre , where it closed on 14 January 2012 .   Also for theatre , Prowse co-wrote and directed Up On The Roof , which received three Olivier Award nominations , including Best Musical . She also directed productions of the musical at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta and the Long Wharf Theatre in Connecticut . Prowse wrote and directed an adaptation of John Steinbeck 's The Pearl , which won her the Royal Shakespeare Company 's Buzz Goodbody ` Best Director ' Award . Other theatre includes Anthony Minghella 's A Little Like Drowning , The Amazing Dancing Bear and Overboard .   Prowse co-wrote the screenplay for Up On The Roof , which was subsequently made into a movie .   Recent television credits include working for Lynda La Plante , writing `` Ghost Train '' and `` Witness '' for Trial & Retribution , and `` Boxers '' for The Commander , which Prowse also directed . Other TV credits include Green-Eyed Monster , The Fugitives , Between the Sheets , Rocket Man , Head Over Heels , The Tenth Kingdom , Living It , Sunny 's Ears and The Greatest Store in the World .   Prowse 's first novel , Hattori Hachi : The Revenge of Praying Mantis , was published in 2009 . Her second , Hattori Hachi : Stalking the Enemy was published in June 2010 and the third in the series , Hattori Hachi : Curse of the Diamond Daggers , is due to be published early in 2012 .   In 2010 she wrote the script for the feature film Maya Fox , adapted from the books by Iginio Straffi and Silvia Brena .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Sigourney Weaver The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress Sigourney Weaver . She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1988 film Working Girl , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress ( drama ) for the 1988 film Gorillas in the Mist , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1997 film The Ice Storm . She is also a three-time Academy Award nominee , three-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award nominee .

neg: Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry .   Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Angelina Jolie The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress and filmmaker Angelina Jolie . She received three Golden Globe Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayals of First Lady of Alabama Cornelia Wallace in George Wallace ( 1997 ) , troubled supermodel Gia Carangi in Gia ( 1998 ) , and a sociopathic mental patient in Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) . Her later performances as Mariane Pearl in A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) and Christine Collins in Changeling ( 2008 ) earned her additional nominations , including for an Academy Award for Best Actress . For her work in the action films Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , Mr. and Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , and The Tourist ( 2010 ) , Jolie received awards based on popular votes , including an MTV Movie Award , two People 's Choice Awards , and four Teen Choice Awards .

neg: 78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams .   Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .

neg: Jane's House Jane 's House is a 1994 drama television film starring James Woods , Anne Archer and Melissa Lahlitah Crider . It was directed by Glenn Jordan , who had previously worked with Woods on the 1986 TV movie Promise and the 1991 TV movie The Boys . The film first aired on the CBS network on January 2 , 1994 .   The film was based on the 1982 novel of the same name by Robert Kimmel Smith . The book is an American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults and a nationwide best-seller .

neg: Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .

neg: 48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . )   Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 .   French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation .   At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 .   Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards .   Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical

neg: My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London .   The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .

neg: 4th Golden Globe Awards 4th Golden Globe Awards  February 26 , 1947   Best Picture :  The Best Years of Our Lives  The 4th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1946 filmmaking , were held on 26 February 1947 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles , California .

neg: 25th Golden Globe Awards The 25th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best achievements in 1967 , were held on 12 February 1968 .   25th Golden Globe Awards  February 12 , 1968   Film - Drama :  In The Heat of the Night   Film - Musical or Comedy :  The Graduate   TV Show :  Mission : Impossible

neg: Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture .   This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were :   1988 Sir Peter Hall  1989 Dame Ninette de Valois  1990 Sir Michael Tippett  1991 Sir David Lean  1992 Sir John Mills  1993 Sir Peter Ustinov  1994 Sir John Drummond  1995 Sir Peter Wright  1996 Sir Richard Eyre  1997 Dame Judi Dench  1998 Sir Edward Downes  1999 Harold Pinter  2000 Dame Alicia Markova  2001 Paul Scofield  2002 Sir Alfred Brendel  2003 Sir Ian McKellen  2004 Mike Leigh  2005 Alan Bennett  2006 Dame Helen Mirren  2007 Sir Tom Stoppard  2008 Peter Brook  2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn  2010 Ken Loach  2011 Stephen Sondheim  2013 Grayson Perry  2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner  2015 Dame Maggie Smith   Category : Performing arts awards