query: Henry VIII of England waged a battle with Francis I of France.

pos: Henry VIII of England Henry VIII ( 28 June 1491 -- 28 January 1547 ) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death . Henry was the second Tudor monarch , succeeding his father , Henry VII .   Henry is best known for his six marriages and , in particular , his efforts to have his first marriage , to Catherine of Aragon , annulled . His disagreement with the Pope on the question of such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation , separating the Church of England from papal authority and appointing himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England . Despite his resulting excommunication , Henry remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings .   Domestically , Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution , ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings to England . Besides asserting the sovereign 's supremacy over the Church of England , he greatly expanded royal power during his reign . Charges of treason and heresy were commonly used to quash dissent , and those accused were often executed without a formal trial , by means of bills of attainder . He achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers , some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour . Thomas Wolsey , Thomas More , Thomas Cromwell , Richard Rich , and Thomas Cranmer all figured prominently in Henry 's administration . He was an extravagant spender and used the proceeds from the Dissolution of the Monasteries and acts of the Reformation Parliament to convert into royal revenue the money that was formerly paid to Rome . Despite the influx of money from these sources , Henry was continually on the verge of financial ruin due to his personal extravagance as well as his numerous costly continental wars , particularly with Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V , as he sought to enforce his claim to the Kingdom of France . At home , he oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 and following the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 he was the first English monarch to rule as King of Ireland .   His contemporaries considered Henry in his prime to be an attractive , educated , and accomplished king , and he has been described as `` one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne '' . He was an author and composer . As he aged , Henry became severely obese and his health suffered , contributing to his death in 1547 . He is frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful , egotistical , harsh , and insecure king . He was succeeded by his son Edward VI .

neg: Battle of Roche-au-Moine The Battle of Roche-au-Moine was a battle between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England in 1214 . When John besieged the castle , he retreated after he was refused support from Angevin nobles .

neg: Arnaud Amanieu, Lord of Albret Arnaud Amanieu ( also Arnold and Amaneus , 4 August 1338 -- 1401 ) was the Lord of Albret from 1358 . Arnaud Amanieu was the son of Bernard Ezi IV and Mathe of Armagnac .   In 1330 , Edward III of England sent men to Gascony to negotiate with the nobles . Beranrd Ezi IV tried to negotiate a marriage between Arnaud Amanieu and a daughter of Edmund of Woodstock , Earl of Kent , but the plans fell through .   In 1363 , Edward the Black Prince , then Duke of Gascony , went to his province to procure the homage of his barons , chief among whom was Arnaud Amanieu . In the cathedral of Bordeaux on 9 July , the lord of Albret was the first to kneel sans belt and cap before the Prince and swear an oath of fealty ( save his allegiance to the King of England ) , then to kiss a Bible and a cross , and finally to kiss the Prince on the mouth ( a `` holy kiss '' signifying fellowship and peace ) . However , good relations did not last long between Lord and Prince .   In 1368 , while preparing to cross the Pyrenees to join in the Castilian Civil War , Edward demanded a contingent from Arnaud Amanieu , but the forces requested were more than the lord of Albret could suffice . Arnaud Amanieu refused , causing the Black Prince to say :   Edward 's Council also declared a fouage , a new tax , which was bitterly resented by the great landholders . John I of Armagnac , Peter-Raymond II of Comminges , Roger Bernard of Périgord , and Arnaud Amanieu sent appeals to Charles V of France , appeals which are preserved to this day in the Archives Nationales in Paris . They addressed him as the `` sovereign lord of the duchée de Guienne and the other lands baillées to the king of England by the treaty of peace . '' Needless to say , the king of France readily received the Gascon rebels into his fold .   On 30 June 1368 , after Arnaud Amanieu married Margaret of Bourbon , a secret treaty was signed between Charles V , Arnaud Amanieu , John , and Roger Bernard . Charles pledged aid in the event of war and he swore never to give up his claims of sovereignty over Gascony . The lords agreed to serve Charles -- for pay -- in Auvergne , Toulouse , Berry , and Touraine , and to take an oath to him . The fouage was remitted for the next decade , unless the barons chose to reimpose it on themselves . A body of lawyers and barons was called to decide the sovereignty question and they unanimously affirmed that Charles was sovereign over Gascony .   Amanieu remained close to the French monarchy until his death in 1401 . His son , Charles I , became Constable of France .

neg: Philip I, Duke of Brabant Philip I , Duke of Brabant , also known as Philip of Saint Pol ( 25 July 1404 -- Leuven , 4 August 1430 ) , younger son of Antoine , Duke of Brabant and Jeanne of Saint-Pol , succeeded his brother John as Duke of Brabant in 1427 . He had already been given Saint-Pol and Ligny as an appanage on the death of his grandfather Waleran III in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt .   He commanded the Burgundian forces occupying Paris in 1419 , but he returned to Brabant in 1420 , where the populace complained of his brother 's misadministration . He was declared ruwaard ( regent ) of Brabant . In 1421 , he was reconciled with his brother , and resigned the regency . The citizens were pacified by John 's `` Nieuw Regiment '' in 1422 .   During his own reign , Philip was forced to grant concessions to the nobility in 1428 . Wary of the rise of his cousin and heir Philip the Good in the Hook and Cod wars , he sought a marital alliance with Louis II of Anjou against Burgundy , marrying his daughter Yolande .  Because this marriage produced no children , his death in 1430 placed Brabant in the hands of his cousin Philip the Good , the next heir , whilst Saint-Pol and Ligny went to his great-aunt Joan , by proximity of blood . His wife was placed in the guardianship of Philip the Good , until she remarried in 1431 with Francis I , Duke of Brittany .

neg: Battle of Burton Bridge (1322) The 1322 Battle of Burton Bridge was fought between Thomas , 2nd Earl of Lancaster and his cousin Edward II of England during the Despenser War . Edward 's army was proceeding northwards to engage Lancaster , having defeated his Marcher Lord allies in Wales . Lancaster fortified the bridge at Burton upon Trent , an important crossing of the River Trent , in an attempt to prevent the King from proceeding . Edward arrived at nearby Cauldwell on 7 March 1322 and intended to use the ford at Walton-on-Trent to cross the river and outflank Lancaster . Edward was delayed for three days by floodwaters , during which time some of his force was deployed opposite Lancaster 's men at the bridge .   On 10 March 1322 Edward 's main force crossed the river at Walton and proceeded to the south side of Burton . Lancaster moved his men outside the town , intending to face the King in open battle , but withdrew northwards when he saw that he was heavily outnumbered . Lancaster was pursued closely by the King 's men and eventually captured at the Battle of Boroughbridge ; he was later executed on the King 's orders . Lancaster 's defeat removed the immediate threat to Edward 's rule , but the King continued to prove unpopular with his barons , and in 1327 was forced to abdicate the throne in favour of his son Edward III .

neg: First English Civil War The First English Civil War ( 1642 -- 1646 ) began the series of three wars known as the English Civil War ( or `` Wars '' ) . `` The English Civil War '' was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651 , and includes the Second English Civil War ( 1648 -- 1649 ) and the Third English Civil War ( 1649 -- 1651 ) .

neg: George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney George Brydges Rodney , 1st Baron Rodney , KB ( bap . 13 February 1718 -- 24 May 1792 ) was a British naval officer . He is best known for his commands in the American War of Independence , particularly his victory over the French at the Battle of the Saintes in 1782 . It is often claimed that he was the commander to have pioneered the tactic of `` breaking the line '' .   Rodney came from a distinguished but poor background , and went to sea at the age of fourteen . His first major action was the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1747 . He made a large amount of prize money during the 1740s , allowing him to purchase a large country estate and a seat in the House of Commons of Great Britain . During the Seven Years ' War , Rodney was involved in a number of amphibious operations such as the raids on Rochefort and Le Havre and the Siege of Louisbourg . He became well known for his role in the capture of Martinique in 1762 . Following the Peace of Paris , Rodney 's financial situation stagnated . He spent large sums of money pursuing his political ambitions . By 1774 he had run up large debts and was forced to flee Britain to avoid his creditors . He was in a French jail when war was declared in 1778 . Thanks to a benefactor , Rodney was able to secure his release and return to Britain where he was appointed to a new command .   Rodney successfully relieved Gibraltar during the Great Siege and defeated a Spanish fleet during the 1780 Battle of Cape St. Vincent , known as the `` Moonlight Battle '' because it took place at night . He then was posted to the Jamaica Station , where he became involved in the controversial 1781 capture of Sint Eustatius . Later that year he briefly returned home suffering from ill health . During his absence the British lost the crucial Battle of the Chesapeake leading to the surrender at Yorktown .   To some Rodney was a controversial figure , accused of an obsession with prize money and nepotism . This was brought to a head in the wake of his taking of Saint Eustatius for which he was heavily criticised in Britain . Orders for his recall had been sent when Rodney won a decisive victory at the Battle of the Saintes in April 1782 , ending the French threat to Jamaica . On his return to Britain , Rodney was made a peer and was awarded an annual pension of # 2,000 . He lived in retirement until his death in 1792 .

neg: Henry le Despenser Henry le Despenser ( c. 1341 -- 1406 ) was a 14th-century English nobleman and Bishop of Norwich whose reputation as the ` Fighting Bishop ' was gained for his part in suppressing the Peasants ' Revolt in East Anglia and in defeating the peasants at the Battle of North Walsham in the summer of 1381 .   As a young man he studied at Oxford University and held numerous positions in the English Church . He fought in Italy before being consecrated as a bishop in 1370 . Parliament agreed to allow Despenser to lead a crusade to Flanders in 1383 , which was directed against Louis II of Flanders , a supporter of the antipope Clement VII . The crusade was in defence of English economic and political interests . Although well funded , the expedition was poorly equipped and lacked proper military leadership . After initial successes , a disastrous attempt to besiege the city of Ypres forced Despenser to return to England . Upon his return he was impeached in parliament . His temporalities were confiscated by Richard II of England , but were returned in 1385 , the year he accompanied the king northward to repel a potential French invasion of Scotland .   Despenser was an energetic and able administrator who staunchly defended his diocese against Lollardy . In 1399 , he was among those who stood by Richard , following the landing of Henry Bolingbroke in Yorkshire towards the end of June . He was arrested for refusing to come to terms with Bolingbroke . The following year , he was implicated in the Epiphany Rising , but was pardoned .

neg: Treaty of Paris (1259) The Treaty of Paris ( also known as the Treaty of Albeville ) was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England , agreed to on December 4 , 1259 ending 100 years of conflicts between Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties .   In 1204 , Philip II of France had forced King John out of continental Normandy enforcing his 1202 claim that the lands were forfeit . Despite the 1217 Treaty of Lambeth , hostilities continued between the successive Kings of France and England until 1259 .   Under the Treaty , Henry acknowledged loss of the Duchy of Normandy . However Philip had failed in his attempts to occupy the Norman islands in the Channel . The treaty held that `` islands ( if any ) which the King of England should hold '' , he would retain `` as peer of France and Duke of Aquitaine '' . ( These islands came to be collectively called the Channel Islands , consisting of Jersey , Guernsey , Alderney , Sark and some smaller islands . )   Henry agreed to renounce control of Maine , Anjou and Poitou , which had been lost under the reign of King John but remained Duke of Aquitaine and was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine but only as a vassal to Louis .   In exchange , Louis withdrew his support for English rebels . He also ceded to Henry the bishoprics and cities of Limoges , Cahors and Périgueux and was to pay an annual rent for possession of Agenais .

neg: The Battlefields of England The Battlefields of England was a work of non-fiction by A. H. Burne first published in 1950 by Methuen . A sequel , More Battlefield of England , followed in 1952 . In 1996 the two works were combined under `` The Battlefields of England '' title .   The book explores battlefields in respect of the following battles :  Caradoc 's Last Fight AD 51  The Battle of Mount Badon AD 500  The Battle of Deorham AD 577  Wansdyke and the Battle of Ellandun AD 825  The Battle of Ashdown 8 January 871  The Battle of Ethandun AD 878  The Battle of Brunanburh AD 937  The Battle of Maldon August 991  The Battle of Assingdon 18 October 1016  The Battle of Stamford Bridge 25 September 1066  The Battle of Hastings 14 October 1066  The Battle of the Standard , or Northallerton : 22 August 1138  The Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264 )  The Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265 )  The Battle of Neville 's Cross 17 October 1346  The Battle of Otterburn 19 August 1388  The Battle of Shrewsbury 21 July 1403  The First Battle of St. Albans 22 May 1455  The Battle of Blore Heath 23 September 1459  The Second Battle of St. Albans 17 February  The Battle of Towton 29 March 1461  The Battle of Barnet 14 April 1471  The Battle of Tewkesbury 14 May 1471  The Battle of Bosworth 22 August 1485  The Battle of Stoke Field 16 June 1487  The Battle of Flodden 9 September 1513  The Battle of Edgehill 22 October 1642  The Battle of Lansdown 5 July 1643  The Battle of Roundway Down 13 July 1643  The First Battle of Newbury 20 October 1643  The Battle of Cheriton 29 March 1644  The Battle of Marston Moor 2 July 1644  The Second Battle of Newbury 28 October 1644  The Battle of Naseby 14 June 1645  The Battle of Langport 10 July 1645  The Battle of Worcester 3 September 1651  The Battle of Sedgemoor 6 July 1685

neg: Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham Charles Howard , 1st Earl of Nottingham , 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham ( 1536 -- 14 December 1624 ) , known as Howard of Effingham , was an English statesman and Lord High Admiral under Elizabeth I and James I . He was commander of the English forces during the battles against the Spanish Armada and was chiefly responsible after Francis Drake for the victory that saved England from invasion by the Spanish Empire .

neg: Louis II, Duke of Bourbon Louis de Bourbon , called the Good ( 4 February 1337 -- 10 August 1410 ) , son of Peter de Bourbon and Isabella de Valois ( the sister of French King Philip VI ) , was the third Duke of Bourbon .   Duke Louis is reported to have been somewhat mentally unstable , specifically having a trait of nervous breakdowns which is presumably hereditary ; this trait was also evidenced in his sister Joanna of Bourbon ( the wife of French King Charles V ) , his nephew Charles VI of France ( called `` The Mad '' ) , his father Duke Peter , and his grandfather Louis I , Duke of Bourbon .   The teenage Louis inherited the duchy from his father Duke Peter I after his death in the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 .   On August 19 , 1371 , he married Anne of Auvergne ( 1358 -- 1417 ) , Countess of Forez and a daughter of Beraud II , Dauphin of Auvergne , and his wife the Countess of Forez , and they had four children :   Catherine of Bourbon ( b. 1378 ) , d. young  John of Bourbon ( 1381 -- 1434 ) , Duke of Bourbon  Louis of Bourbon ( 1388 -- 1404 ) , Sieur de Beaujeu  Isabelle of Bourbon ( 1384 -- aft . 1451 )   In 1390 , Duke Louis launched the Barbary Crusade against the Hafsids of Tunis , in conjunction with the Genoese . Its objective was to suppress piracy based in the city of Mahdia , but the siege was unsuccessful . Duke Louis died at Montlucon in 1410 , at the age of 72 or 73 .

neg: Italian War of 1536–38 The Italian war of 1536-1538 was a conflict between King Francis I of France and Charles V , King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor . The objective was to achieve control over territories in Northern Italy , in particular the Duchy of Milan . The war saw French troops invading Northern Italy , and Spanish troops invading France . The Truce of Nice , signed on June 18 , 1538 , ended hostilities , leaving Turin in French hands but affecting no significant change in the map of Italy . Overall , Spain increased its control over Italy , signifying the end of Italian independence . The war strengthened animosity between the Spanish and French , and reinforced ties between France and the Ottoman Empire which had sided with Francis I against Charles V.

neg: Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame .   Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations .   Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement .   Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .

neg: Siege of Thimert The Siege of Thimert ( 1058 -- 60 ) was the last military action in the war between King Henry I of France and Duke William II of Normandy .   In the first half of 1058 , William captured the French fortress at Thimert in the County of Dreux . According to Orderic Vitalis , this was about the same time he took Tillières , a Norman fortress that had be seized by Henry in 1040 . Sometime between 29 June and 15 August 1058 , Henry personally laid siege to Thimert . The siege dragged on into the next year . Several royal charters are dated by the siege , indicating Henry 's continued presence there . He was joined in 1058 by his powerful vassal Count Ralph IV of Valois , and briefly in 1059 by the recalcitrant Count Theobald III of Blois .   By 23 May 1059 , when Henry 's son Philip was consecrated as joint king with his father , negotiations for a truce had been opened . King Henry sent Bishops Humbert of Paris and Guy of Amiens to seek terms in Normandy . Around the same time , Duke William and many of his leading men were in Dreux , only about twelve miles from Thimert . It is possible that a meeting between king and duke took place at Dreux . All efforts at negotiations failed and the siege was ongoing when Henry died on 4 August 1060 . His death brought peace . Thimert was surrendered to the king and razed , while the Normans retained Tillières . A new castle , Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais , was built nearby in 1061 .

neg: Richard of Lincoln (illegitimate son of Henry I of England) Richard of Lincoln ( b. before 1101 , d. 25 November 1120 ) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England , born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride , widow of Aanskill ( origins unknown ) . She is often referred to as Henry 's third mistress . Richard was brought up and educated by Robert Bloet , the Bishop of Lincoln . Bloet had also educated Richard 's half-brother Robert , 1st Earl of Gloucester . Richard is sometimes confused with Richard de Lincoln , an Anglo-Norman prelate who died in 1203 .   Richard supported his father in his war with Louis VI of France , although it is unclear at what point he joined the fight with the English forces . According to Orderic Vitalis , he avoided capture by French forces at Les Andelys in 1119 through the help of Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray .   He continued to fight at his father 's side during the sieged the castle of Évreux being held by Henry 's most detested enemy , Amaury III de Montfort . His last known military adventure was at the battle of Brémule on 20 August 1119 , for which the decisive win by the English led to Louis ' accepting Richard 's half-brother William Adelin as Duke of Normandy .   In 1120 , Richard became betrothed to Amice , the daughter of the defender of Brémule , Raoul II de Gael , seigneur of Gael and Montfort , son of Ralph de Gael , Earl of East Anglia . The marriage never took place as Richard died in the wreck of the White Ship on 25 November 1120 . Amice did not accompany him and lived until 1168 , marrying the king 's ward Robert de Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester , and one of many descendents included Ida de Tosny , a mistress of Henry II Curtmantle , King of England .

neg: Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king .   With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London .   The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .

neg: Anglo-French War Anglo-French War may refer to any war fought between England ( and after 1707 , Britain ) and France , including :  Anglo-French War ( 1202 -- 04 ) - French invasion of Normandy .  Anglo-French War ( 1213 -- 14 ) -- rivalry between the Capetian dynasty and the House of Plantagenet , ended by the French Victory at the Battle of Bouvines .  French invasion of England ( 1215-1217 ) - Part of the First Barons War .  Saintonge War ( 1242 -- 43 ) - Ended in a French Victory at the Battle of Taillebourg .  Anglo-French War ( 1294 -- 98 and 1300-03 ) -- conflict which revolved around Gascony and ended by the Treaty of Paris ( 1303 ) .  Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 )  Anglo-French War ( 1496 -- 98 ) - part of the Italian War of 1494 -- 98  Anglo-French War ( 1512 -- 14 ) -- part of the War of the League of Cambrai  Anglo-French War ( 1522 -- 26 ) -- part of the Italian War of 1521 -- 26  Anglo-French War ( 1542 -- 46 ) -- part of the Italian War of 1542 -- 46  Anglo-French War ( 1557 -- 59 ) -- part of the Italian War of 1551 -- 59  Anglo-French War ( 1627 -- 29 ) -- part of the Huguenot rebellions  Anglo-French War ( 1666 -- 67 ) -- a minor corollary of the Second Anglo-Dutch War  Anglo-French War ( 1689 -- 97 ) -- part of the Nine Years ' War  Anglo-French War ( 1702 -- 13 ) -- part of the War of the Spanish Succession  Anglo-French War ( 1744 -- 48 ) -- part of the War of the Austrian Succession  Anglo-French War ( 1756 -- 63 ) -- part of the Seven Years ' War  Anglo-French War ( 1778 -- 83 ) -- French Victory ; Tobago , Senegal and territories in India acquired by France . Linked to the American Revolutionary War  Anglo-French War ( 1793 -- 1802 ) -- part of the French Revolutionary Wars  Anglo-French War ( 1803 -- 14 ) -- part of the Napoleonic Wars , including the Peninsular War  Anglo-French War ( 1815 ) -- part of the Napoleonic Wars , the Waterloo Campaign

neg: Remonstrances The Remonstrances ( sometimes written in the original Anglo-Norman : Monstraunces ) were a set of complaints presented by a group of nobles in 1297 , against the government of King Edward I of England . Foremost among the nobles were Roger Bigod , Earl of Norfolk , Marshal of England , and Humphrey de Bohun , Earl of Hereford , Constable of England .   The complaints had their background in the heavy burden of taxation caused by King Edward 's extensive warfare in the mid-1290s . In 1297 Edward was planning a campaign to protect his possessions in Flanders , and it was the opinion of many that this war was unnecessary and risky , in a time when the situation in both Wales and Scotland was threatening . Both Bohun and Bigod refused to serve in the campaign , claiming it was unclear where the expedition was going . Bigod argued in parliament that the earls ' military obligation only extended to service alongside the king ; if the king intended to sail to Flanders , he could not send his subjects to Gascony . The king nevertheless went on with the planned campaign , and demanded a grant of taxation from his subjects . This became the opposition 's main grievance , since they claimed the tax was not raised in the proper manner . Rather than seeking the consent of the community of the realm in parliament , the king had been granted the tax by a small number of his closest supporters . As the king was on the coast preparing for the expedition , Bigod and Bohun turned up at the Exchequer demanding a stop to the collection of the tax , and at the same time presented the Remonstrances .   The document was drawn up not only as a complaint by the two earls , but on behalf of the entire community of the nation . It claimed that the king had driven his subjects to poverty by excessive taxes . Objections against the planned campaign in Flanders were raised , as well as the king 's failure to uphold the Magna Carta . In addition to the political , financial and constitutional issues , both earls had personal grievances against the king . Bohun had been poorly treated by Edward during a feud with the Earl of Gloucester a few years earlier . Bigod , meanwhile , had been engaged in a long-running dispute over debts he owed to the crown . As the king left for the Continent , the nation seemed to be on the brink of civil war . What brought the issue to a conclusion was the English defeat to the Scots at the Battle of Stirling Bridge . This united the country against a common enemy ; Edward promised to address the grievances , while Bigod and Bohun agreed to serve on a campaign in Scotland . As a sign of good will , the king signed the Confirmatio cartaruma confirmation of Magna Carta .

neg: Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries .   After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France .   Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent .   Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history .   The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .

neg: William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury William Montagu , alias de Montacute , 1st Earl of Salisbury , 3rd Baron Montagu , King of Mann ( 1301 -- 30 January 1344 ) was an English nobleman and loyal servant of King Edward III .   The son of William Montagu , 2nd Baron Montagu , he entered the royal household at an early age and became a close companion of the young Prince Edward . The relationship continued after Edward was crowned king following the deposition of Edward II in 1327 . In 1330 , Montagu was one of Edward 's main accomplices in the coup against Roger Mortimer , who until then had been acting as the king 's protector .   In the following years Montagu served the king in various capacities , primarily in the Scottish Wars . He was richly rewarded , and among other things received the lordship of the Isle of Man . In 1337 , he was created Earl of Salisbury , and given an annual income of 1000 marks to go with the title . He served on the Continent in the early years of the Hundred Years ' War , but in 1340 he was captured by the French , and in return for his freedom had to promise never to fight in France again . Salisbury died of wounds suffered at a tournament early in 1344 .   Legend has it that Montagu 's wife Catherine was raped by Edward III , but this story is almost certainly French propaganda . William and Catherine had six children , most of whom married into the nobility . Modern historians have called William Montague Edward 's `` most intimate personal friend '' and `` the chief influence behind the throne from Mortimer 's downfall in 1330 until his own death in 1344 . ''


query: Arya Stark is the youngest daughter of Lady Catelyn Stark.

pos: Arya Stark Arya Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent point of view character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series , and also a main character in HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones .   Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Arya is the younger daughter of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She is headstrong , independent , disdains traditional female pursuits , and is often mistaken for a boy . She wields a sword named Needle , a gift from her half-brother , Jon Snow , and is trained in the Braavosi style of sword fighting .   Arya is portrayed by Maisie Williams on the HBO series Game of Thrones . Her performance has garnered critical acclaim , particularly in the second season for her work opposite veteran actor Charles Dance ( Tywin Lannister ) when she served as his cupbearer . She is among the most popular characters in either version of the story . Williams was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the role in 2016 . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .

neg: Claude Chirac Claude Chirac , ( born 6 December 1962 ) , the youngest daughter of French president Jacques Chirac , has been her father 's personal advisor since 1994 .

neg: Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series .   Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter .   In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .

neg: Morgan Stark Morgan Stark is a Marvel Comics character .

neg: Alethea Alethea is an English language female first name derived from the ancient and modern Greek feminine noun αλήθεια ( pronounced `` al-ee-thia '' ) , meaning `` truth '' . It is thus an equivalent of the name Verity , from the Latin feminine noun veritas , `` truth '' . As an English first name it is frequently pronounced in modern times in an Anglicised form as `` Ala-thee-a '' . The name dates from the 16th century , as given in 1585 to Alethea Talbot ( 1585 -- 1654 ) , the youngest daughter of Gilbert Talbot , 7th Earl of Shrewsbury and later Countess of Arundel following her marriage to Thomas Howard , 21st Earl of Arundel . The name as used for the daughter of a wealthy nobleman in the Renaissance era in England would certainly have been pronounced `` Al-ee-thia '' , that is as an Ancient Greek word , as the father would have received a thorough education in Ancient Greek and Latin and would thus be aware of the correct pronunciation . Women named Alethea include :   Alethea Charlton ( 1931 -- 1976 ) , British actress  Alethea Garstin ( 1894 -- 1978 ) , English painter and Royal Academician  Alethea Hayter OBE ( 1911 -- 2006 ) , English author and British Council Representative  Alethea Howard , Countess of Arundel ( 1585 -- 1654 ) , née Talbot , wife of Thomas Howard , 21st Earl of Arundel  Alethea Kontis ( born 1976 ) , American author and editor living in Murfreesboro , Tennessee  Alethea Lewis ( 1749 -- 1827 ) , English novelist , born at Acton , near Nantwich , Cheshire  Alethea McGrath , Australian actress

neg: Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One .   The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series .   The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .

neg: Ioveta of Bethany Ioveta ( c. 1120-c . 1170s ) was the fourth and youngest daughter of King Baldwin II and Morphia of Melitene . She was the princess of Jerusalem .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Dragon Harper Dragon Harper is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey , part of the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967 . Published forty years later , it was the twenty-first in the series .   Dragon Harper and the previous novels Dragon 's Kin and Dragon 's Fire feature Kindan as a boy and young man , about 500 years after landing on Pern ( 500 AL ) . They were the first collaborations by mother and son .

neg: Little My Little My ( original Swedish : Lilla My ( literally : `` little mu '' ) is a character in the Moomin series of books by Tove Jansson . The character first appeared in the fourth book , The Exploits of Moominpappa ( 1950 ) . She is a small , determined and fiercely independent Mymble . Little My is brash , aggressive , mischievous and disrespectful , but can also be a good friend when she wants to . She is the Mymble 's daughter 's younger sister . She was eventually adopted by the Moomin family .   The name Little My originated from the twelfth letter of the Greek alphabet : μ ( Mu ) -- transliterated as my and pronounced in Swedish . In the metric system , lowercase mu μ , meaning `` one-millionth '' , represents the prefix `` micro - '' , from the Greek μικρός ( mikrós ) , meaning `` small '' .

neg: Bennet family The Bennet family are a fictional family of dwindling Hertfordshire landed gentry , created by English novelist Jane Austen . The family plays a central role in the novel Pride and Prejudice , since it is the one to which the protagonist , Elizabeth , belongs . The complex relationships between its various members influence the evolution of the plot .   In a society where marriage is the only possible future for a young girl of good family , the presence in the household of five girls to marry with no other advantage than their good looks can only be a source of concern . Yet the Bennet couple do not assume their role as educators : the mother repeatedly makes a spectacle of herself , incapable of realizing that her behaviour is more likely to put off any rich , eligible young man who noticed the oldest and most pretty of her daughters . All the while , the father , an indifferent husband , whose mocking gaze only makes things worse , since he has long-since given up on reining in her behaviour , more intent on ` enjoying the show ' than in correcting her behaviour , and the behaviour of his younger daughters , regardless of how negatively it affects his daughters ' chances of respectable matches .   These girls show very different behaviors according to the education they received or provided themselves : the two eldest daughters , Jane and Elizabeth , show irreproachable conduct and are appreciated by their father , while Mary , less physically attractive , displays intellectual and musical pretensions , and the two youngest are both left almost abandoned to run wild under the sloppy , careless supervision of their ineffectual mother .   Other members of the Bennets staged by Jane Austen are , on the one hand Mrs Bennet 's brother and sister -- Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips , on the other hand the designated heir of Mr. Bennet 's estate , his distant paternal second cousin , the pompous and foolish Mr. William Collins . Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips contribute significantly to the progress and outcome of the story , but at a level and in a different register reflecting their respective social belonging . Collins 's character serves as a link between the gentry of Hertfordshire , to which the Bennets belong , and the large property owners Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Mr. Darcy .   The legal , financial or emotional interests that unite or divide the members of the Bennet family allow Jane Austen to build a complex picture of society and to raise a number of societal issues specific to her time , particularly concerning girls ' education and legitimacy of certain behaviors .

neg: Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series .   Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .

neg: Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones .   Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter .   Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .

neg: Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king .   With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London .   The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .

neg: Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million .   The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki .   Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner .   Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .

neg: Princess Isabella of Denmark -RCB-  | -  |  | -RCB-  Princess Isabella of Denmark , Countess of Monpezat ( Isabella Henrietta Ingrid Margrethe ; born 21 April 2007 ) , is the second child and elder daughter of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary .   She is the fourth grandchild and oldest granddaughter of Queen Margrethe II and her husband , Prince Henrik . She was the first girl born into the Danish royal family since the birth of her grandaunt , Queen Anne-Marie of Greece , in 1946 . She is third in the line of succession to the Danish throne , after her father and her older brother , Prince Christian .

neg: Shahryar (Mughal prince) Shahryar ( 16 January 1605 -- 23 January 1628 ) was the fifth and youngest son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir . After Jahangir 's death , Shahryar made an attempt to become emperor and was successful with the help of his powerful stepmother Nur Jehan , who was also his mother-in-law . However , he was only titular and suffered defeat and was killed at the orders of his victorious brother Shah Jahan . His only daughter was married to Aurangzeb .

neg: Burger's Daughter Burger 's Daughter is a political and historical novel by the South African Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Nadine Gordimer , first published in the United Kingdom in June 1979 by Jonathan Cape . The book was expected to be banned in South Africa , and a month after publication in London the import and sale of the book in South Africa was prohibited by the Publications Control Board . Three months later , the Publications Appeal Board overturned the banning and the restrictions were lifted .   Burger 's Daughter details a group of white anti-apartheid activists in South Africa seeking to overthrow the South African government . It is set in the mid-1970s , and follows the life of Rosa , the title character , as she comes to terms with her father Lionel Burger 's legacy as an activist in the South African Communist Party ( SACP ) . The perspective shifts between Rosa 's internal monologue ( often directed towards her father or her lover Conrad ) , and the omniscient narrator . The novel is rooted in the history of the anti-apartheid struggle and references to actual events and people from that period , including Nelson Mandela and the 1976 Soweto uprising .   Gordimer herself was involved in South African struggle politics , and she knew many of the activists , including Bram Fischer , Mandela 's treason trial defence lawyer . She modelled the Burger family in the novel loosely on Fischer 's family , and described Burger 's Daughter as `` a coded homage '' to Fischer . While banned in South Africa , a copy of the book was smuggled into Mandela 's prison cell on Robben Island , and he reported that he `` thought well of it '' .   The novel was generally well-received by critics . A reviewer for The New York Times said that Burger 's Daughter is Gordimer 's `` most political and most moving novel '' , and a review in The New York Review of Books described the style of writing as `` elegant '' , `` fastidious '' and belonging to a `` cultivated upper class '' . A critic in The Hudson Review had mixed feelings about the book , saying that it `` gives scarcely any pleasure in the reading but which one is pleased to have read nonetheless '' . Burger 's Daughter won the Central News Agency Literary Award in 1980 .

neg: The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 .   The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .

neg: Mhysa `` Mhysa '' is the third season finale of the American medieval epic fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 30th episode overall . Written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by David Nutter , it originally aired on on HBO in the United States .   The episode revolves on the aftermath of the events instigated by `` The Red Wedding '' : House Frey receives the Seat of Riverrun , Roose Bolton is appointed the new `` Warden of the North '' , while House Greyjoy begins a new military campaign . In the North , Maester Aemon sends out ravens to alert the whole of Westeros about the arrival of the White Walkers . And across the narrow sea , the freed slaves of Yunkai hail Daenerys as their `` mhysa '' , the Ghiscari language 's word for `` mother '' .   According to Nielsen Media Research , `` Mhysa '' was seen by 5.4 million household viewers in the United States , a twenty-eight percent increase compared to the second season finale , `` Valar Morghulis '' . After its broadcast , the episode received generally positive reviews from television critics , with some of them addressing its anti-climactic closure of the series ' third season , and its establishment of potential storylines for the fourth season , such as through the final scene 's `` glimmer of hope '' . The episode received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series at the 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards .

neg: George Percy, Earl Percy George Dominic Percy , Earl Percy ( born 4 May 1984 ) , is the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland .   Percy was born as the second child and elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland . He became heir apparent to the dukedom in 1995 , when his uncle Henry , 11th Duke of Northumberland , died . Percy 's parents , now Duke and Duchess of Northumberland , were eager to protect him from `` vices and pitfalls '' , and filed a lawsuit to prevent him from inheriting # 1 million and a # 250,000 annual income upon turning 18 . In 1999 , they succeeded in delaying the inheritance , which Lord Percy received at the age of 25 . George Percy is also set to inherit Alnwick Castle , famously known as Hogwarts ' School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Harry Potter films . He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1998 . He is also a direct descendant of Charles II of England through multiple descents .   Earl Percy was educated at Eton College , and studied geography at the University of Edinburgh , specialising in sustainable development and renewable energy . He graduated in 2008 , having shared a house with Pippa Middleton , with whom he has been linked since .   Percy studied Arabic language at the University of Damascus , and later worked in Abu Dhabi . He is the managing director of energy company Cluff Geothermal with Paul Younger .   As old family friends , Lord Percy and his family attended the wedding of Middleton 's sister Catherine and Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , in 2011 .


query: Shantel VanSanten has an occupation.

pos: Shantel VanSanten Shantel VanSanten ( born July 25 , 1985 ) is an American model and actress . As a model , she has been featured in the magazines Teen Vogue and Seventeen . On television , she played the role of Quinn James in the CW teen drama series One Tree Hill , recurred as Detective Patty Spivot in the CW show The Flash , and stars as Julie Swagger the wife of lead character Bob Lee Swagger on the USA Network series Shooter . On film , she has appeared in The Final Destination , You and I , and Something Wicked .

neg: Condo hotel A condo hotel , also known as a Condotel , hotel-condo or a Contel , is a building , which is legally a condominium but which is operated as a hotel , offering short term rentals , and which maintains a Front Desk .   Condo hotels are typically high-rise buildings developed and operated as luxury hotels , usually in major cities and resorts . These hotels have condominium units which allow someone to own a full-service vacation home . When they are not using this home , they can leverage the marketing and management done by the hotel chain to rent and manage the condo unit as it would any other hotel room .

neg: Say Her Name #SayHerName is a social movement that seeks to raise awareness for black female victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence in the United States . #SayHerName aims to change the public perception that victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence are predominantly male by highlighting the gender-specific ways in which black women , particularly black queer women and black transgender women , are disproportionately affected by fatal acts of racial injustice . In an effort to create a large social media presence alongside existing racial justice campaigns , such as #BlackLivesMatter and #BlackGirlsMatter , the African American Policy Forum ( AAPF ) coined the hashtag #SayHerName in February 2015 .   In May 2015 , the AAPF released a report entitled `` Say Her Name : Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women , '' which outlined the goals and objectives of the #SayHerName movement . Following Sandra Bland 's fatal encounter with police in July 2015 , the AAPF , in conjunction with the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School and Soros Justice Fellow , Andrea Ritchie , issued an updated version of the original report . The updated version includes a description of the circumstances surrounding Bland 's death , as well as several accounts detailing recent incidents of police-instigated violence against black women , including Tanisha Anderson and Rekia Boyd . In addition to these accounts , the report provides an analytical framework for understanding black women 's susceptibility to police brutality and state-sanctioned violence , as well as offers some suggestions on how to effectively mobilize various communities and empower them to advocate for racial justice .   Drawing from the AAPF report , the #SayHerName movement strives to address the invisibilization of black women within mainstream media and , more specifically , the #BlackLivesMatter movement . Of the movement 's many agendas , one includes commemorating the women who have lost their lives due to police brutality and anti-Black violence . To advance this agenda , the AAPF , along with twenty local sponsors and the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School , organized a vigil on May 20 , 2015 , in New York City , where dozens gathered to demand that the public no longer ignore black women 's struggles against gendered , racialized violence .

neg: Vorstandsassistent A Vorstandsassistent ( Board Assistant or Assistant to the Board ) is a specific role in German and Austrian public companies that are managed by a Vorstand or Executive Board . A Vorstandsassistent typically serves as both a `` noise filter '' and proxy for the Board Member in a variety of internal and external capacities . Depending on the board member , there can be one or multiple board assistants ( Vorstandsassistenten ) . Since each board member has at least one , if not several , board assistants , there is typically an informal network between the board assistants to get work done quickly in big organizations .   Vorstandsassistenten ( board assistants ) typically serve for a fixed period of time , 2 -- 3 years , and the Vorstandsassistent , by definition , is designed as an executive training program for promising young talent . The exposure that board assistants gain to senior executives and corporate strategy is very valuable and tends to position the board assistant for high-profile roles in the future .   SAP AG is an example of a company with a broad group of board assistants   Category : Management occupations

neg: Syntel Syntel , Inc. is a U.S.-based multinational provider of integrated technology and business services . Headquartered in Troy , Michigan , Syntel utilizes development centers in India . Syntel is a certified minority-owned business ( MBE ) . The company is led by CEO and President Rakesh Khanna , who was appointed on November 3 , 2016 .

neg: Shanti Community Animation Movement Shanti Community Animation Movement was founded in 1977 by Jesuit Fr . Michael Catalano . His work began among shanty dwellers along the canals in Colombo , Sri Lanka , and extended to refugees from the 29-year civil war . The work depends largely on the contributed labor of volunteers and includes educational and building projects , while fostering peace , reconciliation , and human development among the diverse peoples of Sri Lanka .

neg: Dan Shanahan Daniel `` Dan '' Shanahan ( born 4 January 1977 ) is an Irish hurling selector and former player . He has been a selector with the Waterford senior team since 2013 .   Born in Lismore , County Waterford , Shanahan was introduced to hurling by his father , a former hurler with Waterford . He was a Harty Cup runner-up with Lismore CBS while simultaneously enjoying championship successes at senior level with the Lismore club .   Shanahan made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Waterford minor team . A two-time Munster runner-up in this grade , he later lined out with the under-21 team . Shanahan joined the senior team in 1995 . He went on to play a key role for Waterford in attack during a hugely successful era , and won four Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal . He was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion .   Shanahan represented the Munster inter-provincial team at various times throughout his career , winning one Railway Cup medal in 2007 . At club level he won one championship medal with Lismore .   Throughout his career Shanahan made 52 championship appearances for Waterford . His tally of 21-58 marks him out as Waterford 's fourth highest scorer of all-time , while he is the all-time leading goal-scorer for Waterford . Shanahan announced his inter-county retirement on 18 August 2010 .   Shanahan is widely regarded as one of Waterford 's greatest hurlers . During his career he won three All-Star awards , while in 2007 he was named Texaco , All-Star and GPA Hurler of the Year .   His brother , Maurice , is a current member of the Waterford senior team.And former teammate , Eoin Kelly is his cousin   In retirement from playing , Shanahan became involved in team management and coaching . In October 2013 he became part of Derek McGrath 's management team to the Waterford senior hurlers .

neg: Backstuga A backstuga ( literally `` hill cottage '' ) is a Swedish language judicial term , previously used in Finland and Sweden , for a kind of rural cottages .   Additionally , in architecture , a backstuga is a cottage built into the southern slope of a hill , alternatively with a low floor and its walls stretched halfway down into the ground . Such cottages are also referred to as jordstuga ( earth cottage ) or stenstuga ( stone cottage ) . They were small , typically about 20 m2 , and only exceptionally found further north than Gothenburg . In the 20th century , the general poverty was mitigated and this kind of homes became less and less used .   In administrative respect , the legal meaning is a rural home with no land to farm that was built on someone else 's property and without an own entry in the land registry . Its dwellers were called backstugusittare ( hill cottage sitters ) with a connotation of pauper . This phenomenon is known from the early 1600s and was disliked by the government seeing it as a way to evade taxes . The house may have been owned by the head of the family living there , but taxes were the responsibility of the land owner . Such cottages were typically raised on land useless for farming . Also the common land of the village , or that of the parish , were usual spots .   A backstuga in this judicial meaning may have been inhabited by craftsmen , and not necessarily small , or by those of the peasantry not active in the productive life of the community , such as old people who could no longer work , retired servants and the community destitute who had no relatives to care for them . In practice , although legally forbidden until 1846 , a parish may have offered to pay for a backstuga-dwelling to a pauper instead of offering a place in a poor house , that all parishes did n't care to organize . The legal alternative , called rotegång , was to let the poor wander from farm to farm , following a strict scheme staying one or a few days at each . But its popularity waned .   Technically , also a farmer whose farm was taken over by a son or a son-in-law , was registered as housed either by the son or in a backstuga . But here the word is used in the population registry and in a statistical context . In church records , the term is undantagsman ( or undantagsänka for a widow ) , which contrary to backstugusittare do not confer any social stigma .

neg: Trekanten (Kristiansand) Trekanten is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Vest-Agder county , Norway . It is located in the borough of Vågsbygd and in the district of Slettheia . The neighborhood includes a large commercial area .   It is located around a triangle formed by the junction of three arterial roads within Vågsbygd borough in Slettheia ( its name means The Triangle in English ) . Trekanten is next to Norwegian County Road 456 , which in June 2014 was transferred into a new 1.3 km dual carriageway tunnel emerging at Trekanten .   The centre contains various shops , offices , child welfare , and healthcare facilities .

neg: Sov gott Rose-Marie Sov gott Rose-Marie ( Sleep tight , Rose-Marie ) is the 1968 debut album of International Harvester , the second incarnation of the Stockholm-based band Pärson Sound . Pärson Sound 's drone-based experimental rock sound , inspired by The Velvet Underground , Terry Riley and the Rolling Stones , was filtered through a more folky , nationalist inspired sound , in hopes to `` create a more temporary kind of rhythmic music that could play the same role as traditional folk music . ''   The push towards a nationalistic sound came with the pseudo-dystopian mindset that prevailed in the Sweden of the 1960s , something that stood in dire contrast to the ` peace and love ' ethos of hippy idealism . In the mid-60s , large parts of the inner city of Stockholm , the site of many houses and homes , were bulldozed to pave way for the new architectural wave of the future : towering skyscrapers , `` glass and concrete '' . The album , with its telling opening track of Dies Irae played on horns , aims to reflect the loss of nature in the name of human advancement . Another track , `` The Runcorn Report on Western Progress '' , was written by the group 's leader , Bo Persson , and reflects a visit to Runcorn ( a suburb of Liverpool ) , in the summer of 1951 : it had n't rained for three months , and the pollution had turned the sky yellow , blotting out the sun . To follow this theme , the group changed its name from Pärson Sound to `` International Harvester '' , taken from the American company that manufactured agricultural machines . To quote Swedish freelance journalist Magnus Haglund , `` It meant death . Death to western culture . Death to all kinds of borders . ''   The first eleven pieces on the album are juxtaposition of bizarre pieces , ranging from `` There Is No Other Place '' , which seems to take its cue from Syd Barret-era Pink Floyd , to the slow dirges of `` Sommarlåten ( The Summer Song ) '' and `` Sov Gott Rose-Marie '' , with tracks in between such as `` Ho Chi Minh '' , a percussive track featuring woman chanting `` Ho , Ho , Ho Chi Minh ! '' , and the flute-based folk of `` Ut Till Vänster ( Out to the Left ) '' . The remaining three tracks are live recordings of jams . `` I Mourn You '' once again reflects the loss of the environment in the name of western progression . The track is an ode to one of Persson 's main influences , ecology philosopher and food industry researcher Georg Borgstrom . Following the more rock overtones of `` I Mourn You '' is the folkier , drone based `` How to Survive . '' The bonus closing track , introduced on various reissues , clocking at nearly twenty-five minutes , `` Skördetider ( Harvest Times ) , points in the direction of the band 's following release , Hemåt , under the shortened name Harvester .

neg: Jason Schmitt Jason M. Schmitt ( born December 7 , 1976 ) is a journalist , documentary producer , and professor who resides in Potsdam , NY . He is a regular contributor to Forbes and The Huffington Post in the fields of Higher Education and New Technology . Schmitt has interviewed an extensive list of celebrities , politicians , and business leaders such as : Slash , Kid Rock , Roger Daltrey , Wayne Kramer , Dan Gilbert , Alfred Taubman , Geoffrey Fieger , Ted Nugent , Lemmy , Alice Cooper , John Sinclair , and Henry Rollins .   Schmitt researches how online education is changing global education , open access , and new technology trends . His research has been presented at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , The American University of Paris , and the University of St. Andrews .   Schmitt was interviewer and field producer for the documentary Louder Than Love by producer Tony D'Annunzio which is focused on The Grande Ballroom , in Detroit , Michigan . The documentary won an Emmy Award in June 2016 .   Schmitt created a Michigan college student orientated website : MiGovernor.com which was focused on the 2010 Gubernatorial elections in Michigan . The site had over 30 feature articles submitted by prominent Detroit professionals and had over 3000 unique college users access the site .   Schmitt created Venison for Vitality a nonprofit organization which focuses on re-utilizing venison that is killed in traffic accidents . Working with the South Eastern Michigan Police Chiefs Association the non profit receives calls from local police stations , dispatches a driver to the carcass , video tapes and assess the damage of the carcass , and upon a clear initial documentation , the driver transports the venison to an approved butcher . The venison is then donated to local Detroit food pantries to help feed the less fortunate .   Schmitt teaches regularly on social media and online journalism .   Schmitt presented at Future Midwest 2011 and was regularly covers trends and changes in the music industry at conferences such as Rethink Music Conference by the Berklee Music School and Harvard Business School .   Schmitt was born in Dearborn , Michigan and attended the University of Michigan-Dearborn ( BA ) , Eastern Michigan University ( MA ) and Bowling Green State University ( PH.D ) .   Schmitt has been employed at Atlantic Records , Warner/Elektra/Atlantic Records , and he operated an independent recording studio .   Schmitt is an Associate Professor at Clarkson University in Potsdam , NY .   Schmitt was an Associate Professor and is the Director of Communication Studies and Co-Director of Documentary Studies at Green Mountain College in Poultney , Vermont from 2012-2016 .

neg: Practice firm A practice firm ( also known as a practice enterprise , or virtual company ) is a simulated company that is run like a real business , simulating a normal company 's business procedures , products and services , and resembles a real company in its form , organization and function . Practice firms trade with each other in a virtual market ; their actions are however legally void . Practice firms are organised nationally and internationally , and take part in trade fairs for practice firms . There are around 5000 practice firms in Europe , and at least 2500 outside Europe . Practice firms are often supported by government programs , and usually aim to provide vocational training over a period of around six months , without providing certificates of achievement . Virtual capital , as well as virtual government services , taxes and regulatory organisations , are provided by the network to which the practice firm belongs .   Practice firms provide a means for unemployed people to upgrade their skills , widen their network of contacts , and maintain the dignity associated with the appearance of gainful employment . A practice firm is organised and operated by trainees , with a facilitator acting as a coach . Practice firms are also often supported by `` mentor companies '' who provide guidance and technical information .

neg: Chicken tax The chicken tax is a 25 % tariff on potato starch , dextrin , brandy , and light trucks imposed in 1963 by the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson in response to tariffs placed by France and West Germany on importation of U.S. chicken . The period from 1961 -- 1964 of tensions and negotiations surrounding the issue was known as the `` Chicken War , '' taking place at the height of Cold War politics .   Eventually , the tariffs on potato starch , dextrin , and brandy were lifted , but over the next 48 years the light truck tax ossified , remaining in place to protect U.S. domestic automakers from foreign competition ( e.g. , from Japan and Thailand ) . Though concern remains about its repeal , a 2003 Cato Institute study called the tariff `` a policy in search of a rationale . ''   As an unintended consequence several importers of light trucks have circumvented the tariff via loopholes -- including Ford ( ostensibly a company that the tax was designed to protect ) , which imported the Transit Connect light trucks as `` passenger vehicles '' to the U.S. from Turkey and immediately strips and shreds portions of their interiors , such as installed rear seats , in a warehouse outside Baltimore -- and Mercedes , which imported complete vans built in Germany , `` disassembled them and shipped the pieces to South Carolina , where American workers put them back together in a small kit assembly building . '' The resulting vehicles emerge as locally manufactured , free from the tariff .

neg: Young Shanty Jason Raymond Cannon ( Born December 16 , 1980 ) , better known as Young Shanty , is an American reggae and dancehall musician . His album Chalice Row or Dig a Hole debut at the number one spot and spent three weeks on Billboard 's reggae albums charts .

neg: Third (Cait Brennan album) Third is the second full-length album by Cait Brennan , released by Omnivore on April 21 , 2017 . The follow-up to 2016 's critically lauded Debutante , Third was recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis , TN , in the same studio and on much of the same recording gear as Big Star used during its Ardent heyday .   The album was co-produced and performed entirely by Brennan and Fernando Perdomo , a producer and rock artist who also co-produced Linda Perhacs ' widely acclaimed 2014 album The Soul of All Natural Things for Asthmatic Kitty records . Perdomo and Brennan met as fellow artists on the International Pop Overthrow festival in 2012 , and quickly became friends ; Brennan appears in Perdomo 's `` Smile '' music video , and Perdomo has played in Brennan 's touring band . The duo produced Brennan 's 2016 debut , as well as an unreleased second album and a set of demos for Sire Records founder Seymour Stein before ultimately signing with Omnivore Recordings in January 2017 .   During the recording of Brennan 's Sire Records demo sessions , Brennan and Perdomo attended a Grammy Museum presentation celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Ardent Studios . At the event , Brennan and Perdomo encountered Big Star drummer and Ardent president Jody Stephens , who invited the pair to record their third album at Ardent in Memphis . When the Sire deal did not materialize , the duo traveled to Memphis and recorded 13 songs in three days , with Brennan and Perdomo producing and playing all the instruments , and Ardent 's Adam Hill engineering the sessions . During the sessions , the pair used many of the same instruments and amplifiers used by Big Star during their heyday , including Alex Chilton 's Hi-Watt amps , Mellotron and Chris Bell 's cherry red Gibson guitar . As with Brennan 's debut album Debutante , Brennan and Perdomo played all of the instruments , with the exception of two guest appearances by longtime Memphis power pop legend Van Duren and former Continental Drifters guitarist Robert Mache . The album was mastered by Grammy-winning audio engineer Michael Graves ; Cheryl Pawelski of Omnivore Recordings , who had a long history working with Ardent and Big Star , signed Brennan to Omnivore in January 2017 , slating Brennan 's Third for an April 2017 release to coincide with Record Store Day .

neg: Suckapunch Records Suckapunch Records is an independent record label based in Lincoln , Nebraska , USA . The label was operated from around 2002 to 2004 by a group of friends from Lincoln , Omaha , and Grand Island , Nebraska .   The label 's original roster comprised four Nebraska bands - Settle for Less , The JV All * stars , Same Old Crap , and Fourth Time Around - but grew to work with bands across the United States . What began as an attempt by four bands of mutual friends to work together and pool money evolved into a small non-profit record label with the goal of promoting Midwest bands . Initially , they pooled entrance money collected at a number of label set-up shows , and this was set aside as a record pressing fund usable by any band on the label . The first release by Suckapunch Records was `` The Everbimes '' by Mr. 1986 , an instrumental indie group from Lincoln and friends of the bands that established the label .   Built as a collective , bands releasing music with Suckapunch Records could borrow money to press finished recordings , provided the funds were repaid upon or shortly after the record 's release . The label asked only for a number of finished recordings , rather than profit or borrowing fees . Those records were kept by the friends and bands within the label , given to radio stations and newspapers , and handed out as free gifts or promotions from the label .   Suckapunch Records attended the Vans Warped Tour in 2003 and 2004 to hand out free samplers of the labels spring compilations , and released more than a dozen recordings in its short existence . In 2004 , when many of the labels expanding lineup began to tour frequently , less resources were available for the label to remain active and Suckapunch Records has been quiet ever since .

neg: Hennessy Youngman Hennessy Youngman is a persona invented and performed by Jayson Musson .   Youngman makes addresses to the Internet at large in online episodes of a series titled `` Art Thoughtz . '' Most often , Youngman takes on the role of art critic or cultural critic while speaking to topics concerning art , race , gender , and popular culture . In addition , Youngman makes DJ mixtapes called `` CVS Bangers '' with songs interspersed with seemingly random statements and air horn blasts .   In his video monologues , Youngman becomes a tutor to an audience of hopeful artists in search of success . By explaining traditional art concepts and relating them to pop culture and real-world examples , he is able to expose issues and conflicts within contemporary art society . A scheme is perpetuated , through Youngman and the `` Art Thoughtz '' videos , of following an often sympathetic character , one who is apparently outside the art world , attempting to understand and permeate a seemingly exclusive cultural society . This sort of ` underdog in the art world ' characterization can be seen in the work of video artist of Alex Bag or motion pictures such as the biopic Basquiat or the art world satire ( Untitled ) .

neg: Rose's Pawn Shop Rose 's Pawn Shop is an Americana , rock , folk and bluegrass band from Los Angeles , California . Their debut album The Arsonist was released in May 2006 . The band tours several times each year throughout the United States but has recently put a hold on touring to record a new album coming 2013 .   On their new album Gravity Well , the fiercely independent young quintet known as Rose 's Pawn Shop deliver a rousing , honest set that demonstrates exactly why this multi-talented , multi-instrumental L.A.-based fivesome has quickly risen from humble D.I.Y. origins to national notoriety , winning a fiercely loyal fan base in the process .   The 12 new tunes that comprise Gravity Well -- produced by Ted Hutt , renowned for his work with the likes of the Dropkick Murphys , Gaslight Anthem and the Old Crow Medicine Show -- make it clear why Rose 's Pawn Shop has earned such a fervent following . The band 's catchy , anthemic songcraft channels the raw emotional power of America 's folk , country and bluegrass traditions and puts them through a modern filter , creating timelessly resonant music .   Frontman Paul Givant 's heartfelt , engaging songwriting surveys such time-honored subjects as heartache , loss , regret and redemption , echoing centuries of musical tradition while still sounding wholly contemporary . Despite the lyrics ' often-dark subject matter , the music is consistently uplifting , thanks to the musicians ' infectious instrumental interplay and soaring three - and four-part harmonies . The ensemble makes innovative use of banjo , fiddle , mandolin and upright bass , while maintaining an edgy swagger .   `` I think that this music exists on two different levels , '' notes singer , guitarist and main songwriter Givant , adding , `` The songs are passionate and emotional , and sometimes sad and heartbreaking . But at the same time , the energy of the music makes you want to get up and dance and release all of that pent-up energy . ''   Rose 's Pawn Shop 's musical and emotional depth is apparent on such lyrically and melodically compelling new tunes as `` What Were You Waiting For ? , '' `` Staring At the Door '' and `` On the Brink , '' which merge equal amounts of country twang and punk adrenaline . Meanwhile , gentler numbers like `` Go Get Gone , '' `` Stay All Night '' and the cinematic title track explore more introspective territory , and a memorable reading of the Dock Boggs standard `` Country Blues '' affirms the group 's instinctive understanding of its vintage influences .   Growing up in the 1990s , Paul Givant absorbed a wide array of music , yet he was drawn most deeply to traditional folk and bluegrass , and inspired by the music 's ability to illuminate the tragedies and triumphs of everyday life . The influence of those genres loomed large when Givant began writing songs himself .   Through various mutual friendships , chance meetings and some help from Craigslist , Givant eventually connected with kindred musical spirits John Kraus , Tim Weed , Stephen Andrews and Christian Hogan , whose musical expertise , instrumental versatility and organic rapport were ideally suited to Givant 's expansive musical vision .   `` The original intent , '' Givant explains , `` was to be kind of a bluegrass version of the Pogues , fusing bluegrass instrumentation and energy with rock and punk . That 's what our first album was like : gritty , high-energy and passionate , with a lot of instrumental virtuosity . But over time , we 've evolved to be more song-focused . I think we 've retained that original energy , but now we 're more focused on crafting our arrangements so the song can shine though . ''   The nascent combo got its name after Rose , Givant 's ex-girlfriend and former bandmate , stole the band 's equipment from their rehearsal space and scattered their gear amongst various pawn shops throughout North Hollywood . Fortunately , the musicians were able to recover their gear , and soon forged a formidable musical chemistry that manifested itself in their highly charged live shows , and on their 2010 release Dancing on the Gallows .   Rose 's Pawn Shop 's lineup solidified and began touring intensively in time to support Dancing on the Gallows , accumulating such landmarks as month-long residencies at New York 's Parkside Lounge and L.A. 's Redwood Bar , busking in New Orleans ' fabled Jackson Square , live radio sessions on such prestigious stations as KEXP in Seattle and WMBR in Boston , well-received appearances at various prestigious music festivals , and a slot opening for Jack White 's Raconteurs , at White 's invitation , at the Henry Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles .   Dancing on the Gallows spent several weeks on CMJ 's influential album chart , while receiving extensive national and international airplay on college , AAA , country and alternative radio formats . Meanwhile , the band 's diligent roadwork -- which has taken them across North America several times , along with visits to the U.K. and Ireland -- has allowed Rose 's Pawn Shop to continue winning fans and friends across the nation and around the world .   `` Our travels have had a big influence on our evolution , '' Givant states . `` Meeting other bands and meeting people from all over the world at our shows has had a big influence on our songwriting , and opened us up to new musical traditions . Seeing the world in general and being away from home for long periods of time has influenced many of our songs . It 's matured us , as people and as a band . ''   Rose 's Pawn Shop 's ongoing musical journey yields considerable musical rewards on Gravity Well , making it clear that the band 's creative horizons are unlimited .   `` We 've always been about the music and the songs , and the expression of the human experience through music , '' says Givant . `` But we 've matured as musicians over time , and I think that that 's been reflected in the music . We 've learned that we do n't all have to play crazy at all times , and we 've learned to pick our moments to shine and deliver the songs in the most clear , concise and passionate way possible . ''

neg: Shanna (wrestler) Alexandra Barrulas ( born July 8 ) is a female Portuguese professional wrestler better known by her ring-name Shanna . She is best known for her work in the German Wrestling Federation , Women Superstars Uncensored and on the British independent circuit competing in promotions such as Pro-Wrestling : EVE and Kamikaze Pro .

neg: South African Music Award for Newcomer of the Year The South African Music Awards ( often simply the SAMAs ) are the Recording Industry of South Africa 's music industry awards , established in 1995 . The ceremony is held in late-April or May every year , with the judging process starting in November of the previous year . The nominations are typically announced at the end of March . The winners receive a gold-plated statuette called a SAMA .   The show is consistently held at the Super Bowl in Sun City , with exception of two years , and broadcast live on national broadcaster , SABC . The ceremony features live performances by a selection of nominees . The SAMAs are considered the South African equivalent of the American Grammy Awards . MTN has been the title sponsor of the event since 2003 .

neg: Van A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people . Depending on the type of van it can be bigger or smaller than a truck and SUV , and bigger than a common car . There is some varying in the scope of the word across the different English-speaking countries . The smallest vans , microvans , are used for transporting either goods or people in tiny quantities . Mini MPVs , Compact MPVs , and MPVs are all small vans usually used for transporting people in small quantities . Larger vans with passenger seats are used for institutional purposes , such as transporting students . Larger vans with only front seats are often used for business purposes , to carry goods and equipment . Specially-equipped vans are used by television stations as mobile studios . Postal services and courier companies use large step vans to deliver packages .