query: Gang Signs & Prayer is a debut album.

pos: Gang Signs & Prayer Gang Signs & Prayer is the debut studio album by English grime artist Stormzy . It was released on 24 February 2017 independently through #Merky Records while being distributed by ADA of Warner Music Group . It is Stormzy 's first major commercial release , following the Dreamers Disease EP ( 2014 ) . The album features guest appearances from fellow MCs Wretch 32 , Ghetts and J Hus , along with singers Kehlani , Raleigh Ritchie and MNEK . It features production from Fraser T Smith and Sir Spyro , among others .   The album was supported by the lead single `` Big for Your Boots '' . Gang Signs & Prayer received critical acclaim upon release , and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 1 with sales of 69,000 , becoming the first grime album in history to reach number 1 . It holds the distinction of having every song from the album appear concurrently on the UK Singles Chart , including 7 songs in the Top 40 .

neg: Benny Crespo's Gang Benny Crespo 's Gang is an alternative rock band from Iceland . They released their eponymous debut album in 2007 . They are currently working on a follow-up . The group formed in 2003 .

neg: Welcome to the Beautiful South Welcome to the Beautiful South is the debut album by English band The Beautiful South , released in October 1989 by Go ! Discs and the next year in America by Elektra Records . Three singles were released from the album : `` Song for Whoever '' ( # 2 in the UK ) , `` You Keep It All In '' ( # 8 ) and `` I 'll Sail This Ship Alone '' ( # 31 ) .   The original album cover depicted two pictures by Jan Saudek , one of a woman with a gun in her mouth , and another with a man smoking . Woolworths refused to stock the album , in the words of the band , to `` prevent the hoards -LSB- sic -RSB- of impressionable young fans from blowing their heads off in a gun-gobbling frenzy , or taking up smoking '' ; an alternative cover featuring a picture of a stuffed toy rabbit and a teddy bear was therefore made .   NME included it in the `` Top 100 Albums You 've Never Heard '' list in 2012 .

neg: It's Five O'Clock Somewhere (album) It 's Five O'Clock Somewhere is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Slash 's Snakepit , released in February 1995 . The album was a moderate commercial success , reaching number 70 on the American Billboard 200 album chart and selling over a million copies worldwide . The song `` Beggars & Hangers-On '' was released as a single in 1995 .

neg: The State of Things (album) The State of Things is the debut album from Sheffield indie band Reverend and The Makers . The album reached number 5 in the UK Albums Chart selling just over 25,000 copies in its first week .

neg: Write This Down (album) Write This Down is the debut album by the American rock band , Write This Down . The album marks the band 's debut on their first record label , Tooth & Nail Records . Write This Down contains a revised version of the song , `` Alarm the Alarm , '' which was the name of the band 's first EP . The first version was on their independently released EP , Write This Down . This album peaked at No. 45 on the Christian Albums chart published by Billboard .

neg: Fear and the Nervous System (album) Fear and the Nervous System is the eponymous debut album by Fear and the Nervous System , released on September 18 , 2012 .

neg: Aristocrunk Aristocrunk is the debut album by crunk rap group Lord T & Eloise , released in 2006 by Young Avenue Records .

neg: Zacardi Cortez Zacardi Renye Louis Cortez ( born September 17 , 1985 ) is an American gospel musician and Christian R&B artist . He started his music career , in 2012 , with the release of The Introduction by Blacksmoke Records . His second album , REloaded , was released by WorldWide Records in 2014 . Both albums charted on the Billboard magazine Gospel Albums chart . His first release was more successful with chartings on The Billboard 200 , Independent Albums , and R&B Albums charts .

neg: The Untouchables (Los Angeles band) The Untouchables are a soul/mod revival band from the Silver Lake , Los Angeles , California area . Described by original lead singer Kevin Long as `` mods who played ska music , '' The Untouchables are credited with being America 's first ska band .   They formed in 1981 as part of the embryonic L.A. mod revival , after being inspired by the ska revival/punk rock band The Boxboys . Since some could n't play instruments , they either hastily learned , or became vocalists . The original lineup included : Kevin Long ( vocals ) , Chuck Askerneese ( vocals ) , Terry Ellsworth ( rhythm guitar ) , Clyde Grimes ( guitar ) , Rob Lampron ( drums ) , Herman Askerneese ( bass ) and Jerry Miller ( vocals , timbales ) .   After a shaky start playing at parties , the integrated septet were eventually booked at the O.N. Klub ( known as the On to regulars ) . The band had guaranteed the club that they would pack the venue , and they did not disappoint . In middle of that year , they released their first ( ska-styled ) 7 '' single , copies of which were snapped up by local mods . Late in 1982 , the band began a stint as the house band at the Roxy Theatre . Terry Ellsworth left the band in the summer of 1983 , at the height of the California mod revival . Josh Harris was added on keyboards , Timothy Moynahan on trombone and Will Donato ( who became a successful smooth jazz artist ) started on sax .   Their second single , `` The General , '' became a minor local hit , despite poor distribution . The band performed `` The General '' in the 1984 comedy The Party Animal , and they appeared as a scooter gang in the movie Repo Man . In early 1984 , they were signed to Stiff Records . Concerts with The B-52 's , Black Uhuru , Bow Wow Wow , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Fishbone , No Doubt and X all over California gave the group a disparate following of whites , blacks , mods , punks , surfers and rockabilly fans , with the local performances drawing up to 1,500 people . The band also appeared in the 1984 film Surf II , performing `` Dance Beat '' , and 1987 's No Man 's Land , performing `` What 's Gone Wrong '' .   Vocalist Kevin Long ( who had named the band ) left in 1984 . Guitarist Clyde Grimes took on more vocal leads , and in 1984 the band recorded `` Free Yourself '' , which became very popular , especially in the United Kingdom where it was a # 26 hit in April 1985 . The band has gone through many lineup changes since then , and as of 2006 , only vocalist Jerry Miller remains from the original lineup .

neg: We Gotta Pray `` We Got ta Pray '' is a song recorded by American recording artist Alicia Keys for her upcoming sixth studio album , originally planned for release in 2015 , now 2016 . A piano ballad , the song is regarded as Keys ' response to the police brutality controversies , namely the killings of Eric Garner and Michael Brown , that have caused nationwide protests in the United States .

neg: Signs (Paranormal City song) `` Signs '' is the debut single by Irish singer-songwriter Paranormal City ( Mark Kelvin Ryan ) , released in 2015 from his album , He For She . It was written and produced by Ryan himself . The single reached number one in Ireland ( for first week sales ) , and entered the top ` 10 in the United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , South Korea and Mexico ( for four weeks ) , number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 7 in the United States . Based on its chart performance , the song is Ryans second most successful single ( only behind his 2016 single `` Two '' ) and was one of the most successful releases of an Irish artist in 2015 . `` Signs '' was nominated for two Metro Choice Awards , Best Pop Solo Track for Pure M Magazine , Best Breakout Song of the Year for NME Radar .

neg: Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on July 21 , 1987 , by Geffen Records to massive commercial success . It topped the Billboard 200 and became the best-selling debut album as well as the 11th best-selling album in the United States . With about 30 million copies sold worldwide , it is also one of the best-selling records ever . Although critics were ambivalent toward the album when it was first released , Appetite for Destruction has since received retrospective acclaim and been viewed as one of the greatest albums of all time .

neg: Young and Restless (Young and Restless album) Young and Restless is the debut album by band of the same name Young and Restless . It was released on July 14 , 2007 .

neg: Welcome Home (Brian Littrell album) Welcome Home is the debut solo album by Backstreet Boys member Brian Littrell . The album was released on May 2 , 2006 on Sony BMG and Christian music label Reunion Records . The album peaked on the Billboard 200 at number 74 , and at number 3 on the Christian Albums chart . Four singles have been released from the album : `` Welcome Home ( You ) '' , which charted at number one on the Christian Songs chart , and won Best Video of the Year of Dove Award . The album has sold over 100,000 copies in U.S as of April 2007 .

neg: Westlife (album) Westlife is the self-titled debut studio album by Irish boy band Westlife . The album was released on 1 November 1999 through RCA . The album spawned the five UK number-one hit singles `` Swear It Again '' , `` If I Let You Go '' , `` Flying Without Wings '' , the double A-side `` I Have a Dream '' / `` Seasons in the Sun '' , and `` Fool Again '' .

neg: Ghetto Dope Ghetto Dope is the debut album by the 5th Ward Boyz , released on May 18 , 1993 through Rap-a-Lot Records . The album featured production from Mike Dean , N.O. Joe , James Smith and John Bido .   Ghetto Dope peaked at number 176 on the Billboard 200 , 19 on the R&B charts and 26 on the Heatseekers chart . The album also produced two singles `` Thanks for the Blessing '' and `` Same Ol' '' , but neither made it to the Billboard charts .

neg: Danny Boy (singer) Danny Boy Steward ( born October 31 , 1977 ) is a Chicago native known by his stage name Danny Boy or DB . He is a contemporary African-American soul singer originally signed for a five-year run with Death Row Records by Suge Knight . He made his debut on 1994 's Murder Was the Case soundtrack with the R&B charter Come When I Call ( Produced by DJ Quik ) . In 1995 , he released his first single entitled Slip N Slide ( Produced by Reggie Moore and co-produced by DeVante Swing ) with then unknown artist Ginuwine singing the chorus . The video was shot in Cabo , and also features scenes with 2Pac , Snoop Dogg , Nate Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound . Danny is best known for singing the choruses of the 2Pac songs `` I Ai n't Mad at Cha '' , `` What ' z Ya Phone # '' , `` Picture Me Rollin ' '' and `` Heaven Ai n't Hard 2 Find '' on All Eyez on Me , as well as `` Toss It Up '' on The Don Killuminati : The 7 Day Theory . He had recorded several albums ' worth of music while on Death Row Records , but none were released during his time there .   Danny Boy also made an appearance on Tha Row 's soundtrack to Eddie Griffin 's Dysfunktional Family movie and also appeared on American Idol , but was disqualified due to continued internet promotion by his former label . He is currently working on some projects for his own label `` Eclectic Soul Music Group '' and resides in the suburbs of Atlanta , Georgia . On April 20 , 2010 Death Row Records , under new management , finally released Danny Boy 's 1996 debut album It 's About Time featuring production by DJ Quik & DeVante Swing .

neg: Prophet (Prophet album) Prophet is the self-titled debut album by the band Prophet released in 1985 . It features then future Danger Danger lead vocalist Ted Poley on co-lead vocals and drums .

neg: Behold! A Pale Horse Behold ! A Pale Horse is the debut album of the Bellingham , Washington , band The Ghost and the Grace , a moniker for the founder/creator Daniel Anderson ( of Idiot Pilot fame ) . The album is based loosely on the concept of death and dying .

neg: Grace and Peace Records Grace and Peace Records is an American record label focused primarily on Hip Hop music from a Christian perspective . Their first album , Glimpses of Grace , featured exclusive songs from Christian Hip Hop artists Eshon Burgundy , Young Joshua , Braille , Disciple ( D.I. ) , Stephen the Levite , Timothy Brindle , Sivion , Die-rek , DJ Average Joe , Ant , k-Drama & J.A.Z. , T.K. & Believin ' Stephen , Mr. J , Bridge B & Raging Moses , Evangel , and Sistah Dee ; with production by Wes Pendleton , Stro the 89th Key , PrinceBeats , Confidence , k-Drama , DJ Kritikul , The Bridge and deejay essence . Grace and Peace Records , LLC is owned and operated by Otis Kopp of Miami , FL via Boston , MA .


query: Sigmund Freud set up his clinical practice in Cologne.

pos: Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( -LSB- ` frɔɪd -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt -RSB- ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud ; 6 May 1856 -- 23 September 1939 ) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis , a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst . Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg , in the Austrian Empire . He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna . Upon completing his habilitation in 1885 , he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902 . Freud lived and worked in Vienna , having set up his clinical practice there in 1886 . In 1938 Freud left Austria to escape the Nazis . He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939 .   In creating psychoanalysis , Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association and discovered transference , establishing its central role in the analytic process . Freud 's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory . His analysis of dreams as wish-fulfillments provided him with models for the clinical analysis of symptom formation and the underlying mechanisms of repression . On this basis Freud elaborated his theory of the unconscious and went on to develop a model of psychic structure comprising id , ego and super-ego . Freud postulated the existence of libido , an energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments , and a death drive , the source of compulsive repetition , hate , aggression and neurotic guilt . In his later work Freud developed a wide-ranging interpretation and critique of religion and culture .   Though in overall decline as a diagnostic and clinical practice , psychoanalysis remains influential within psychology , psychiatry , and psychotherapy , and across the humanities . As such , it continues to generate extensive and highly contested debate with regard to its therapeutic efficacy , its scientific status , and whether it advances or is detrimental to the feminist cause . Nonetheless , Freud 's work has suffused contemporary Western thought and popular culture . In the words of W. H. Auden 's 1940 poetic tribute , by the time of Freud 's death , he had become `` a whole climate of opinion / under whom we conduct our different lives . ''

neg: Psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry , the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis , prevention , study , and treatment of mental disorders . Psychiatrists are medical doctors , unlike psychologists , and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness , a combination of physical and mental ailments , or strictly psychiatric .   As part of the clinical assessment process , psychiatrists may employ a mental status examination ; a physical examination ; brain imaging such as a computerized tomography ( CT ) , magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , or positron emission tomography ( PET ) scan ; and blood testing . Psychiatrists prescribe medicine , and may also use psychotherapy , although the vast majority do medical management and refer to a psychologist or other specialized therapist for weekly to bi-monthly psychotherapy .

neg: Georges Gilles de la Tourette Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette ( 30 October 1857 -- 26 May 1904 ) was a French physician and the namesake of Tourette 's syndrome , a neurological condition characterized by physical and verbal tics . He was born in the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers in the district of Châtellerault , near the city of Loudun . He could be retrospectively classified as a neurologist , but the field did not exist in his time .   During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers . He later relocated to Paris where he became a student , amanuensis , and house physician of his mentor , the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot , director of the Salpêtrière Hospital . Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career . Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy , hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism ( modern-day hypnosis ) .   Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette 's syndrome in nine patients in 1884 , using the name `` maladie des tics '' . Charcot renamed the syndrome `` Gilles de la Tourette 's illness '' in his honor .   In 1893 , a former female patient shot Tourette in the head , claiming he had hypnotized her against her will . Both Tourette and many modern hypnologists state that this is impossible . His mentor , Charcot , had died recently , and his young son had also died recently . After these events , Tourette began to experience mood swings between depression and hypomania . Nevertheless , he organized public lectures in which he spoke about literacy , mesmerism and theatre .   Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army , which angered Bismarck , and a further article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames . With Gabriel Legué he analyzed abbess Jeanne des Anges ' account of her hysteria that was allegedly based on her unrequited love for a priest Urbain Grandier , who was later burned for witchcraft .   Around 1902 , Tourette 's condition worsened and he was dismissed from his post . Gilles de la Tourette died on 26 May 1904 in a psychiatric hospital in Lausanne , Switzerland .

neg: Paul Briquet Paul Briquet or Pierre Briquet ( 12 January 1796 to 25 January 1881 ) was a French physician and psychologist that advanced the reasoned treatment of disturbed people said to be hysterics .   Briquet became a medical doctor in 1824 , a professor in 1827 . In 1836 he operated at the Cochin hospital and in 1846 at La Charité hospital . In 1853 he described the preparation and use of quinine .   He published Traité clinique et thérapeutique de l'Hystérie in 1859 , and the following year he was admitted to the Academie de Medecine .   A type of personality disorder called Briquet 's syndrome is classified as somatic symptom disorder .   `` Although many of his theoretical concepts , basic scientific knowledge and data processing techniques were primitive by our standards , his approach , his emphasis on demonstrable facts , and his many well-substantiated conclusions mark his Treatise on Hysteria as an avant-garde work relevant even today ''   Briquet was a proponent of male hysteria in his Treatise . He cites Louyer-Villermay , M. Dubois , M. Landouzy , and M. Monneret as putting to rest the doubt over male hysteria . He wrote , `` Regardless of the denials , men may suffer from hysteria , and the cases that prove it are not rare , and it is only possible to prevent it by acknowledging that . '' As a mental condition , hysteria is not due to uterine influence : `` Hysteria may occur in men , who have no uterus , in non-menstruating young women whose uterus is still in a rudimentary state and where it remains without influence , and in old women where it no longer influences . '' Briquet describes circumstances where simultaneously the senses are excited , and efforts are made to conceal the excitation , as precursors to hysteria .   In Mark Micale 's reading of Briquet 's Treatise , the introductory section on male hysteria is followed by prejudice against the male victims of the disorder .  Briquet chooses to begin the main body of his book with a 40-page discussion of hysteria in the adult male -- the very first discussion of its kind in a nineteenth-century medical text .  By the end of Briquet 's long and authoritative exposition , an adult man capable of `` affective impressions '' is seen as not only sick and abnormal , but also as a deviation from , and menace to , the bourgeois family order .  Apart from the gender factor , Briquet studied the epidemiology of hysteria through 430 patients that he attended over a decade of clinical work .  Micale describes the anticipation of affective neuroscience :  -LSB- Briquet centers -RSB- hysteria in the brain , conjecturing that a part of the human brain is reserved for emotional or `` affective sensations '' , as opposed to motor control and intellectual operations . He then specifies that `` hysteria is an illness consisting of a neurosis of the part of the brain destined to receive affective impressions and feelings '' . He goes on to maintain that the disorder is caused by the complex and highly individual interaction of many disparate factors , including age , gender , emotional disposition , family history , mode of education , previous physical illness and psychological stress . The malady develops temperamentally , he claims , in individuals with an `` affective predominance '' .   In his 2004 history of mental illness , Theodore Millon noted Briquet 's advances :  -LSB- Briquet -RSB- speculated on untoward developmental and life experiences as playing a pathogenic role ( e.g. parental mistreatment , spousal abuse , unfavorable employment circumstances , or business failures ) . Recognizing that only a small subset of those subjected to these psychosocial experiences developed the hysterical syndrome , Briquet proposed predispositions as pathogenic factors . Aware that life circumstances troubled his patients , he suggested that many would benefit by speaking to an empathetic counselor or physician who might serve as a confidant . Briquet showed great sensitivity in going beyond the crude medications of the day to employ a psychotherapeutic approach to his patients ' difficulties .

neg: Gaston Berger Gaston Berger ( -LSB- bɛʁʒe -RSB- ; 1 October 1896 -- 13 November 1960 ) was a French futurist but also an industrialist , a philosopher and a state manager . He is mainly known for his remarkably lucid analysis of Edmund Husserl 's phenomenology and for his studies on the character structure .   Berger was born in Saint-Louis , Senegal , French West Africa ( now Senegal ) . He received his primary and part of his secondary education in Perpignan , France , and had to take up a position in an industrial firm . After having performed his military duties in world war I , he became an associate of the owner of the firm . Berger decided to continue his studies . He worked with Rene Le Senne and passed his baccalaureat . He then enrolled in the university of Aix-en-Provence where he studied philosophy under Maurice Blondel . Having passed his licence , he obtained a diploma d'Etudes Superieures with a thesis on the ` Relations between the conditions of intelligibility on the one hand and the problem of contingency on the other hand ' . In 1926 Berger founded with some friends the Societe de Philosophie du Sud-est and its periodical Les Etudes Philosophiques . In 1938 he organized the first Congress of French Language Societies of Philosophy . In 1941 he submitted his two theses de doctorat d'Etat , the first entitled ` Investigations on the conditions of Knowledge . Essay of Pure Knowledge ' , the second ` The ` Cogito ' in Husserl 's philosophy ' . Berger then left his industrial firm and became first a ` Chargé de Cours ' , then a ` Maitre de Conferences ' for philosophy at the University of Aix-en Provence . In 1944 he became full professor . In 1949 he became secretary general of the Fulbright Commission , in charge of the cultural relations between France and the United States .   After managing a fertilizer plant during the 1930s , he created in Paris the Centre Universitaire International et des Centres de Prospective and directed the philosophical studies ( Études philosophiques ) . The term prospective , invented by Gaston Berger , is the study of the possible futures .   From 1953 to 1960 he was in charge of the tertiary education at the Minister of National Education and modernised the French universities system . He was elected at the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques in 1955 .   In 1957 he founded the journal Prospective and the homonym centre with André Gros . This same year he created the Institut national des sciences appliquées ( INSA ) of Lyon with the rector Capelle .   He was the father of the French choreographer Maurice Béjart ( 1927 -- 2007 ) , a stage name for Maurice-Jean Berger . The university of Saint-Louis , Senegal , where he was born is named after him .

neg: Abnormal psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder . Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal , this branch of psychology generally deals with behavior in a clinical context . There is a long history of attempts to understand and control behavior deemed to be aberrant or deviant ( statistically , functionally , morally or in some other sense ) , and there is often cultural variation in the approach taken . The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions , employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere , and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by `` abnormal '' . There has traditionally been a divide between psychological and biological explanations , reflecting a philosophical dualism in regard to the mind body problem . There have also been different approaches in trying to classify mental disorders . Abnormal includes three different categories ; they are subnormal , supernormal and paranormal .   The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors : adaptive and maladaptive behaviors . Behaviors that are maladaptive suggest that some problem ( s ) exist , and can also imply that the individual is vulnerable and can not cope with environmental stress , which is leading them to have problems functioning in daily life .  Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess , understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice . The theoretical field known as ` abnormal psychology ' may form a backdrop to such work , but clinical psychologists in the current field are unlikely to use the term ` abnormal ' in reference to their practice . Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology ( disease process ) , and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty known as psychiatry .

neg: Max Lewandowsky thumb | upright | Portrait Max Heinrich Lewandowsky  Max Lewandowsky ( June 28 , 1876 -- April 4 , 1916 ) was a German neurologist , who was a native of Berlin .   He studied medicine at the Universities of Marburg , Berlin and Halle , earning his medical doctorate at Halle in 1898 . In 1902 he obtained his post-graduate qualification for physiology , and in 1904 , received training in clinical neurology and psychiatry under Karl Bonhoeffer and Franz Nissl at the University of Heidelberg . Afterwards he travelled to Paris , where he studied under neurologist Pierre Marie . Beginning in 1905 he worked in the Berlin-Friedrichshain hospital .   Since 1910 he edited , together with Alois Alzheimer , Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie . He was also editor of a handbook of neurology , Handbuch der Neurologie ( 1910 -- 14 ) . During World War I he became infected with typhus and died .

neg: Vienna Vienna ( -LSB- viˈɛnə -RSB- Wien , -LSB- viːn -RSB- ) is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria . Vienna is Austria 's primary city , with a population of about 1.8 million ( 2.6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of Austria 's population ) , and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German-speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations and OPEC . The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site .   Apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy , Vienna is also said to be `` The City of Dreams '' because it was home to the world 's first psycho-analyst -- Sigmund Freud . The city 's roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city , and then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . It is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre , from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century . The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles , including Baroque castles and gardens , and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings , monuments and parks .   Vienna is known for its high quality of life . In a 2005 study of 127 world cities , the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first ( in a tie with Vancouver , Canada and San Francisco , USA ) for the world 's most liveable cities . Between 2011 and 2015 , Vienna was ranked second , behind Melbourne , Australia .  For eight consecutive years ( 2009 -- 2016 ) , the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual `` Quality of Living '' survey of hundreds of cities around the world , a title the city still held in 2016 . Monocle 's 2015 `` Quality of Life Survey '' ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world `` to make a base within . ''   The UN-Habitat has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013 .  The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008 , and sixth globally ( out of 256 cities ) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index , which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas : culture , infrastructure , and markets . Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners .   Between 2005 and 2010 , Vienna was the world 's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions . It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year .

neg: Cologne Opera The Cologne Opera ( German : Oper der Stadt Köln or Oper Köln ) refers both to the main opera house in Cologne , Germany and to its resident opera company .

neg: List of Heidelberg University people Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of academic disciplines , and a large number of internationally acclaimed philosophers , poets , jurisprudents , theologians , natural and social scientists . 56 Nobel Laureates , at least 18 Leibniz Laureates , and two `` Oscar '' winners have been associated with Heidelberg University . Nine Nobel Laureates received the award during their tenure at Heidelberg .   Besides several Federal Ministers of Germany and Prime Ministers of German States , five Chancellors of Germany have attended the university , the latest being Helmut Kohl , the `` Chancellor of the Reunification '' . Heads of State or Government of Belgium , Bulgaria , Greece , Nicaragua , Serbia , Thailand , a British Crown Prince , a Secretary General of NATO and a director of the International Peace Bureau have also been educated at Heidelberg ; among them Nobel Peace Laureates Charles Albert Gobat and Auguste Beernaert . Former university affiliates in the field of religion include Pope Pius II , Cardinals , Bishops , and with Philipp Melanchthon and Zacharias Ursinus two key leaders of Protestant Reformation . Outstanding university affiliates in the legal profession include a President of the International Court of Justice , two Presidents of the European Court of Human Rights , a President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , a Vice President of the International Criminal Court , an Advocate General at the European Court of Justice , at least 16 Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany , a President of the Federal Court of Justice , a President of the Federal Court of Finance , a President of the Federal Labor Court , two Attorney Generals of Germany , and a British Law Lord . In business , Heidelberg alumni and faculty notably founded , co-founded or presided over ABB Group ; Astor corporate enterprises ; BASF ; BDA ; Daimler AG ; Deutsche Bank ; EADS ; Krupp AG ; Siemens AG ; and Thyssen AG .   Alumni in the field of arts include classical composer Robert Schumann , philosophers Ludwig Feuerbach and Edmund Montgomery , poet Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff and writers Christian Friedrich Hebbel , Gottfried Keller , Irene Frisch , Heinrich Hoffmann , Sir Muhammad Iqbal , José Rizal , W. Somerset Maugham , Jean Paul , and Literature Nobel Laureate Carl Spitteler . Amongst Heidelberg alumni in other disciplines are the `` Father of Psychology '' Wilhelm Wundt , the `` Father of Physical Chemistry '' J. Willard Gibbs , the `` Father of American Anthropology '' Franz Boas , Dmitri Mendeleev , who created the periodic table of elements , inventor of the two-wheeler principle Karl Drais , Alfred Wegener , who discovered the continental drift , as well as political theorist Hannah Arendt , political scientist Carl Joachim Friedrich , and sociologists Karl Mannheim , Robert E. Park and Talcott Parsons .   Philosophers Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Karl Jaspers , Hans-Georg Gadamer , and Jürgen Habermas served as university professors , as did also the pioneering scientists Hermann von Helmholtz , Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , Gustav Robert Kirchhoff , Emil Kraepelin , the founder of scientific psychiatry , and outstanding social scientists such as Max Weber , the founding father of modern sociology .   Present faculty include Medicine Nobel Laureates Bert Sakmann ( 1991 ) and Harald zur Hausen ( 2008 ) , Chemistry Nobel Laureate Stefan Hell ( 2014 ) , 7 Leibniz Laureates , former Justice of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany Paul Kirchhof , and Rüdiger Wolfrum , the former President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea .   __ TOC __

neg: Freud (miniseries) Freud , also known as Freud : the Life of a Dream , ( 1984 ) is a BBC television serial based on the life and times of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud . David Suchet stars as Freud . The 6-part production is 360 minutes in duration .

neg: Phenomenology (philosophy) Phenomenology ( from Greek phainómenon `` that which appears '' and lógos `` study '' ) is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness . As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany . It then spread to France , the United States , and elsewhere , often in contexts far removed from Husserl 's early work .  Phenomenology should not be considered as a unitary movement ; rather , different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences . Accordingly : A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus . In fact , it is not a doctrine , nor a philosophical school , but rather a style of thought , a method , an open and ever-renewed experience having different results , and this may disorient anyone wishing to define the meaning of phenomenology.Phenomenology , in Husserl 's conception , is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness . Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects , sets of objects , and objects acting and reacting upon one another .   Husserl 's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students , such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden , by hermeneutic philosophers , such as Martin Heidegger , by existentialists , such as Nicolai Hartmann , Gabriel Marcel , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , Jean-Paul Sartre , and by other philosophers , such as Max Scheler , Paul Ricoeur , Jean-Luc Marion , Michel Henry , Emmanuel Levinas , Jacques Derrida , and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin .

neg: Rat Man For the Italian comic book character , see Rat-Man . For the Stephen King character , see The Stand   `` Rat Man '' was the nickname given by Sigmund Freud to a patient whose `` case history '' was published as Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose -LSB- ` Notes Upon A Case of Obsessional Neurosis ' -RSB- ( 1909 ) . This was the second of six case histories that Freud published , and the first in which he claimed that the patient had been cured by psychoanalysis .   The nickname derives from the fact that among the patient 's many compulsions was an obsession with nightmarish fantasies about rats .   To protect the anonymity of patients , psychoanalytic case-studies would usually withhold or disguise the names of the individuals concerned ( `` Anna O '' ; `` Little Hans '' ; `` Wolf Man '' , etc. ) . Recent researchers have decided that the `` Rat Man '' was in fact a clever lawyer named Ernst Lanzer ( 1878 -- 1914 ) -- though many other sources maintain that the man 's name was Paul Lorenz .

neg: Leverkusen Leverkusen ( -LSB- ˈleɪvərˌkuːzən -RSB- -LSB- ˈleːvɐˌkuːzn̩ -RSB- ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany on the eastern bank of the Rhine . To the South , Leverkusen borders the city of Cologne and to the North is the state capital Düsseldorf .   With about 161,000 inhabitants , Leverkusen is one of the state 's smaller cities . The city is known for the pharmaceutical company Bayer and its associated sports club Bayer 04 Leverkusen .

neg: Moritz Heinrich Romberg Moritz Heinrich Romberg ( 11 November 1795 -- 16 June 1873 ) was a Jewish physician from Berlin who published his classic textbook in sections between 1840 and 1846 ; Edward Henry Sieveking translated it into English in 1853 . His nephew was Eduard Heinrich Henoch , who was known for describing Henoch -- Schönlein purpura .   He described what is now universally recognised as `` Romberg 's sign '' in his original account of tabes dorsalis ( a disease caused by syphilis damaging the back of the spinal cord ) . He related early symptoms as : `` The feet feel numbed in standing , walking or lying down , and the patient has the sensation as if they were covered in fur ; the resistance of the ground is not felt ... ''   Romberg 's sign he described as : `` The gait begins to be insecure ... he puts down his feet with greater force ... The individual keeps his eyes on his feet to prevent his movements from becoming still more unsteady . If he is ordered to close his eyes while in the erect posture , he at once commences to totter and swing from side to side ; the insecurity of his gait also exhibits itself more in the dark . '' Romberg had not observed this in other paralyses .   The unsteadiness with eyes closed ( sensory ataxia ) , relates to loss of sense of position in the legs and feet that are normally compensated for by the patient who uses vision to provide that information . But when the eyes are closed or in the dark , the loss of sense of position causes unsteadiness and sometimes falls , as Romberg described .   He was one of a tiny number of truly innovative neurologists in Europe who in the 1820-50 period introduced order and clinical observation and deduction into what was then an elementary discipline . He is credited with having been `` the first clinical neurologist ''   According to Pearce , Romberg acquired much of the wisdom and attitudes prevailing in English medicine when in 1820 he translated into German , Andrew Marshall 's ( 1742 -- 1813 ) The Morbid Anatomy of the Brain and Charles Bell 's The Nervous System of the Human Body . He revolutionised European neurology , publishing his Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Menschen : the first systematic textbook in neurology . Romberg 's contribution to neurology , and his establishing tabes dorsalis as a distinctive disease were of crucial importance . Romberg 's sign , once synonymous with tabes dorsalis , became recognised as common to all proprioceptive disorders of the legs . His several major clinical contributions included : a classic description of achondroplasia ( on which he wrote his graduation thesis entitled `` Congenital rickets '' in 1817 ) , progressive facial hemiatrophy , and an unmistakable description of the pupils in tertiary syphilis before E.J. Remak and Argyll Robertson .

neg: Hermann Oppenheim Hermann Oppenheim ( 1 January 1858 -- 5 May 1919 ) was one of the leading neurologists in Germany .   He studied medicine at the Universities of Berlin , Göttingen and Bonn . He started his career at the Charité-Hospital in Berlin as an assistant to Karl Westphal ( 1833 -- 1890 ) . In 1891 Oppenheim opened a successful private hospital in Berlin .   In 1894 , Oppenheim was the author of a textbook on nervous diseases titled Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Ärzte und Studierende , a book that soon became a standard in his profession . It was published in several editions and languages , and is considered one of the best textbooks on neurology ever written . He also published significant works on tabes dorsalis , alcoholism , anterior poliomyelitis , syphilis , multiple sclerosis and traumatic neurosis . In the field of physiology , he published articles on metabolism of urea with the aid of Nathan Zuntz ( 1847 -- 1920 ) .   In 1889 he published a treatise on traumatic neuroses that was harshly criticized by eminent physicians that included Jean-Martin Charcot ( 1825 -- 1893 ) and Max Nonne ( 1861 -- 1959 ) ; the reason being due to Oppenheim 's assertion that psychological trauma caused organic changes that perpetuated psychic neuroses .   His expertise involving brain disease led directly to the first successful removal of a brain tumor , an operation that was performed by a physician named R. Köhler . With surgeon Fedor Krause ( 1857 -- 1937 ) , he reported the first successful removal of a pineal tumor .   He coined the term `` dystonia musculorum deformans '' for a type of childhood torsion disease he described , a disorder that was later to become known as `` Ziehen-Oppenheim syndrome '' ( named along with German psychiatrist Theodor Ziehen 1862 -- 1950 ) . Also , another name for amyotonia congenita is `` Oppenheim 's disease '' .

neg: Ludolf von Krehl Albrecht Ludolf von Krehl ( December 26 , 1861 -- May 26 , 1937 ) was a German internist and physiologist who was a native of Leipzig . He was the son of Orientalist Christoph Krehl ( 1825 -- 1901 )   He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Leipzig , and later was an assistant to Ernst Leberecht Wagner ( 1829 -- 1888 ) and Heinrich Curschmann ( 1846 -- 1910 ) at the medical clinic in Leipzig . In 1888 he obtained his habilitation , becoming head of the medical clinic at Jena in 1892 . In 1899 he became director of the clinic at the University of Marburg , and soon afterwards served as professor of special pathology and therapy of internal diseases in Greifswald ( 1900 -- 02 ) .   From 1902 to 1904 he was a professor at the University of Tübingen , and in 1904 he succeeded Bernhard Naunyn ( 1839 -- 1925 ) at the University of Strasbourg . While at Strasbourg , he provided the necessary facilities to Albert Fraenkel ( 1864 -- 1938 ) for the latter 's testing of intravenous strophanthin . From 1907 until 1932 he was a professor and director of the medical clinic at the University of Heidelberg . One of his better known assistants at Heidelberg was Viktor von Weizsäcker ( 1886 -- 1957 ) .   Krehl made contributions in the field of cardiac pathology and in his research of metabolic diseases . Also , he admired the psychoanalytic work of Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer , and had a keen interest in psychopathological aspects of disease from an individualized , psychosomatic standpoint .   Among his written works was a landmark textbook on pathological physiology that laid a scientific basis for clinical medicine . This textbook was first published in 1893 as Grundriß der allgemeinen klinischen Pathologie ( Later known as Pathologische Physiologie ) , and eventually ran to fourteen editions . Krehl was a catalyst behind the founding of the `` Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research '' , which today is known as the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg .

neg: A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein .   The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival .   Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts .   Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .

neg: Somatic psychology Somatic psychology is a form of alternative medicine that focuses on somatic experience , and the embodied self , including therapeutic and holistic approaches to body . Body psychotherapy is a general branch of this subject , while somatherapy , eco-somatics and dance therapy , for example , are specific branches of the subject . Somatic psychology is a framework that seeks to bridge the mind-body dichotomy .   Pierre Janet can perhaps be considered the first somatic psychologist due to his extensive psychotherapeutic studies and writings with significant reference to the body ( some of which pre-date Freud ) . It is only gradually that the body entered into the realm of available techniques that could be used in a psychodynamic frame , following the explorations of Sándor Ferenczi and his friend Georg Groddeck , then Otto Fenichel and his friend Wilhelm Reich . Wilhelm Reich is the first who tried to develop a clear psychodynamic approach that included the body , but he soon found out that it could not be done . He then developed his own way of combining body and mind and the somatic regulators that connect these two dimensions . Reich was a significant influence in the founding of body psychotherapy ( or somatic psychology as it is often known in the USA and Australia ) - though he called his early work `` character analysis '' and `` character-analytic vegetotherapy '' ) . Several types of body-oriented psychotherapies trace their origins back to Reich , though there have been many subsequent developments and other influences on body psychotherapy and somatic psychology is of particular interest in trauma work .   Dance therapy or ( dance movement psychotherapy ) also reflect something of this approach and are considered a study and practice within the field of somatic psychology .

neg: Freud (disambiguation) Sigmund Freud ( 1856 -- 1939 ) was the inventor of psychoanalysis , psychosexual stages , and the personality theory of Ego , Superego , and Id .   Freud may also refer to :  Freud ( crater ) , a lunar crater  Freud ( miniseries ) , a 1984 mini-series starring David Suchet  Freud : The Secret Passion , a 1962 film by John Huston and starring Montgomery Clift  Freud , a chimpanzee in the Kasakela community

neg: Ernst Leopold Salkowski Ernst Leopold Salkowski ( October 11 , 1844 -- March 8 , 1923 ) was a German biochemist who was a native of Königsberg .   He received his education at the University of Königsberg , later working in Berlin as an assistant in the chemical laboratory of Rudolf Virchow 's institute of pathology ( 1872 ) . In 1874 he became an associate professor of medicinal chemistry in Berlin , followed by an assignment as departmental head ( 1880 ) . In 1909 he was honored with the title of `` full professor '' .   Salkowski specialized in the fields of physiological and pathological chemistry , also making contributions in the related fields of pharmacology , analytical chemistry and hygiene . In 1890 he was the first to describe tissue autolysis , of which he referred to as `` auto-digestion '' . He is remembered for developing tests for detection of various compounds and substances , such as cholesterol , creatinine , glucose , carbon monoxide , and indole . In 1892 ( with Jastrowitz ) he was the first to describe pentosuria .   He was the author of Practicum der physiologischen und pathologischen Chemie , later translated into English as `` A Laboratory Manual of Physiological and Pathological Chemistry '' . With internist Wilhelm von Leube ( 1842-1922 ) , he published Die Lehre vom Harn ( The doctrine of urine ) .


query: Tequila is a name.

pos: Tequila Tequila ( Spanish ) is a regionally specific name for a distilled beverage made from the blue agave plant , primarily in the area surrounding the city of Tequila , 65 km northwest of Guadalajara , and in the highlands ( Los Altos ) of the central western Mexican state of Jalisco . Although tequila is similar to mezcal , modern tequila differs somewhat in the method of its production , in the use of only blue agave plants , as well as in its regional specificity . Tequila is commonly served neat in Mexico and as a shot with salt and lime across the rest of the world .   The red volcanic soil in the surrounding region is particularly well suited to the growing of the blue agave , and more than 300 million of the plants are harvested there each year . Agave grows differently depending on the region . Blue agaves grown in the highlands Los Altos region are larger in size and sweeter in aroma and taste . Agaves harvested in the lowlands , on the other hand , have a more herbaceous fragrance and flavor .   Mexican laws state that tequila can only be produced in the state of Jalisco and limited municipalities in the states of Guanajuato , Michoacán , Nayarit , and Tamaulipas . Tequila is recognized as a Mexican designation of origin product in more than 40 countries . It is protected through NAFTA in Canada and the United States , through bilateral agreements with individual countries such as Japan and Israel , and has been a protected designation of origin product in the constituent countries of the European Union since 1997 .   Tequila is most often made at a 38 % alcohol content ( 76 U.S. proof ) for domestic consumption , but can be produced between 31 and 55 % alcohol content ( 62 and 110 U.S. proof ) . Per U.S law , tequila must contain at least 40 % alcohol ( 80 U.S. proof ) to be sold in the United States .

neg: List of Puerto Rican slang words and phrases This article is a summary of common slang words and phrases used in Puerto Rico . Idiomatic expressions may be difficult to translate fully and may have multiple meanings , so the English translations below may not reflect the full meaning of the expression they intend to translate .   Estar por la luna - Literally , `` to be as if on the moon '' . To be clueless  Guingambó - the mallow flowering plant `` Okra '' , multiply known as `` ladies ' fingers '' , `` bhindi '' , `` bamia '' , `` ochro '' or `` gumbo ''  `` La creta '' - The head , head  Guares - Twins  Jíbaro - peasant . Jíbaro is a term used to refer to mountain people , who lived `` in-land '' in the heart of the island , and are the backbone of the Puerto Rican culture .  Jurutungo - A distant place .  Limber - Also , `` limbel '' . A home-made flavored frozen treat usually made from natural fruits or sweet milk mixtures and often served on a small piece of water-resistant paper , a plastic or paper cup , or a popsicle stick . It is generally sold out of the homes and not in stores . The name is said to have originated from the last name of Charles Lindbergh after the islanders noticed how `` cold '' he was as compared to the warmth of the locals during Lindbergh 's visit to the Island in 1928 .  Moyeto - African American Puerto Rican Slang word for Big Muscular Black guy .  Chinchorro - a `` no frills '' neighborhood local Puerto Rican bar . Usually plays loud salsa and merengue , sometimes serves frituras . In essence , a bar that sells inexpensive booze and food .  Panna or Pana - Buddy ( `` pana '' is a name for breadfruit in Puerto Rico )  Sínsoras - a distant place .

neg: History of chocolate The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica . Fermented beverages made from chocolate date back to 1900 BC . The Aztecs believed that cacao seeds were the gift of Quetzalcoatl , the god of wisdom , and the seeds once had so much value that they were used as a form of currency . Originally prepared only as a drink , chocolate was served as a bitter , frothy liquid , mixed with spices , wine , or corn puree . It was believed to have aphrodisiac powers and to give the drinker strength . Today , such drinks are also known as `` Chilate '' and are made by locals in the South of Mexico .   After its arrival to Europe in the sixteenth century , sugar was added to it and it became popular throughout society , first among the ruling classes and then among the common people . In the 20th century , chocolate was considered a staple , essential in the rations of United States soldiers at war .   The word `` chocolate '' comes from the Classical Nahuatl word chocolātl , and entered the English language from the Spanish language .

neg: Chopin (vodka) Chopin -- name of single-ingredient vodka , 4 times distilled from either potatoes , rye or wheat . It is produced by Siedlce-based Podlaska Wytwórnia Wódek Polmos . Chopin was first introduced to North America in 1997 . The production is done in small batches . Seven pounds of potatoes are used to make every bottle of Chopin .   The vodka is named after the famous Polish Romantic composer Frédéric Chopin .   Chopin potato vodka has been submitted to a number of international spirit ratings for evaluation , including the San Francisco World Spirits Competition , Wine Enthusiast , and the Beverage Testing Institute . Outcomes have generally been favorable , particularly in the latest years . For instance , between 2006 and 2011 , Chopin potato vodka earned one double gold , three gold , and two silver medals from the San Francisco World Spirits Competition . Proof66 's aggregate rating , which incorporates these scores and others , puts the spirit in the Top 90th percentile among all rated vodkas .

neg: Willett Distillery Willett Distillery , also known as Kentucky Bourbon Distillers ( KBD ) , Ltd. , is a private family-owned and - operated company that produces various brands of bourbon and rye whiskey . Over the years the company has bottled Bourbon and Rye Whiskeys that range from 2 years of aging maturity all the way up to 28 years .   The company is located on the outskirts of Bardstown , Kentucky on a site that began as a farm owned by the family . Primarily operating as a relatively large independent bottling company , KBD has been called `` the big daddy of bourbon and rye bottling '' . The company has remained under family ownership and operation at the same location since it was created in 1936 as the Willett Distilling Company . The company started doing business as KBD in the mid-1980s .  As of October 2011 , the company employed about 14 people -- four family members and 8 -- 12 line workers .  In 2012 , it began promoting the Willett name again as its primary business name .   In addition to marketing a number of its own brands , KBD also operates as a contract bottler for various brands that are owned and marketed by others .   Most ( perhaps all ) of the brands that are owned by KBD do not actually identify KBD as the producing company on their labels . Instead the company does business under various fictitious company names . These other business names often correspond to the bottling brand names ( such as the Old Bardstown Distilling Company for the Old Bardstown bourbon brand and the Noah 's Mill Distilling Company for the Noah 's Mill bourbon brand ) .   KBD did not operate as a distillery during the period between the early 1980s and January 2012 , although the company had the word distillers in its name ( and similarly used `` distilling company '' and `` distillery '' in the various company names that it printed on labels ) . However , KBD has been refurbishing and enhancing its prior distillery plant , and began limited test distilling on January 21 , 2012 . The company does not identify specifically where in Kentucky its products are distilled , although it has been suggested that most of their products have been distilled by the Heaven Hill Distillery , which has its company headquarters located close to KBD . The two companies are located about a half mile from each other along the same road in Bardstown , Kentucky .   For its new distilling operation , the company has three operating stills -- a column still , a `` doubler '' , and a pot still . The company has eight warehouses on site -- each of which holds 5000 -- 6000 barrels of whiskey for aging . Master Distiller Drew Kulsveen said that the warehouses are about a quarter of the size of those found at other distilleries .

neg: Ginjinha Ginjinha or simply Ginja , is a portuguese liqueur made by infusing ginja berries , ( sour cherry ) ( Prunus cerasus austera , the Morello cherry ) in alcohol ( aguardente is used ) and adding sugar together with other ingredients . Ginjinha is served in a shot form with a piece of the fruit in the bottom of the cup . It is a favourite liqueur of many Portuguese and a typical drink in Lisbon , Alcobaça and Óbidos . Other regions produce ginja with protected designation of origin , for example the Ginja Serra da Estrela .

neg: Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston Tex-Mex cuisine is very popular in Houston . Many Mexican cuisine restaurants in Houston have aspects that originate from Texas culture . Katharine Shilcutt of the Houston Press said in 2012 that `` Tex-Mex has been a vital part of our city for more than 100 years '' and that it `` never waned in that century . '' She added that '' -LSB- t -RSB- he cultural significance of Tex-Mex as a vital touchstone between generations and an expression of our roots can not be denied . ''   In his book Ethnicity in the Sunbelt : A History of Mexican Americans in Houston , Arnoldo De León said that the recent immigrants from Mexico to Houston add foods that are popular with immigrants to menus of Mexican restaurants in Houston . Robb Walsh of the Houston Press said `` You might say that the immigrant flow is what keeps the `` Mex '' in Tex-Mex . '' In Houston , as in other places in Texas , the existing Chicano community influences the cooking methods used by recent immigrants .   In Houston , several restaurants that have authentic Mexican cuisine call themselves `` Mex-Mex . '' Several restaurants that have both Tex Mex and Mexican cuisine call themselves `` Mix Mex . '' As of 2012 , Molina 's Cantina is the oldest still-operating Tex-Mex restaurant in Houston . A restaurant featuring newer style Tex-Mex , Ninfa 's became influential in the development of the cuisine in the city .

neg: Mexifornia Mexifornia ( also Calexico or Califaztlán ) is a portmanteau of Mexico and California .

neg: San Francisco de Asís, Atotonilco El Alto San Francisco de Asis is a town within the municipality of the Atotonilco El Alto located in the southeastern part of the state of Jalisco in Mexico . It is named after the Italian Saint Francis of Assisi . At the time of the census of 2005 the town had a population of 5,167 inhabitants . Its most distinctive features are the Fine Sanctuary of Our Lady of Los Altos and the fact that new tequila factories are located there . Its surrounding municipality of the same name had an area of 1,532.78 km ² ( 591.81 sq mi ) and a population in conjunction of Atotonilco el alto of 126,625 in the 2005 census , but its territory is increasing significantly since the beginning of 2005 with the creation of the new housing , churches , and schools .

neg: Danny Flores Danny Flores ( born Daniel Flores ; July 11 , 1929 -- September 19 , 2006 ) , also known by his stage name Chuck Rio , was an American rock and roll saxophonist . He is best remembered for his self-penned song Tequila , which Flores recorded with the Champs , and reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 .   Flores was born in Santa Paula , California and grew up in Long Beach . He was interested in the guitar from an early age , first performing at church and family gatherings . At 14 , however , Flores switched to the saxophone , forming his first band , the 3-D Ranch Boys . Emulating the rasping sounds of tenor saxophonist Vido Musso , Flores played a variety of music genres -- jazz , country , pop , and blues -- to cater to his hard-going blue-collar clientele . Much to Flores 's amusement , he has remarked , during this early stage of his career , he was commonly called the `` Mexican Hillbilly '' . In the early 1950s , Flores recorded vocals for small Pasadena-based record labels , before signing to Modern Records , and releasing his earliest rock and roll material .   In 1957 , Flores met aspiring songwriter and guitarist Dave Burgess . After briefly performing as Danny and Dave , the duo recruited former members of Flores 's group , drummer Gene Alden and guitarist Buddy Bruce , along with bassist Cliff Hills and Vocalist Huelyn Duvall , who were session musicians , to form the Champs . On December 23 , 1957 , the group recorded three songs for Challenge Records , including Flores 's instrumental Tequila . The song is highlighted by Flores 's `` dirty sax '' arrangements and hollering of `` Tequila '' . However , because of this one spoken phrase by Flores , he was credited as Chuck Rio to avoid conflicts with his other record label , where he was signed as a vocalist . `` Tequila '' was released as the B-side to the Champs ' debut single , but after listeners requested the song over its A-side `` Train to Nowhere '' , `` Tequila '' propelled to number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1958 .   Conflicts between Flores and Burgess over leadership and the band 's musical direction led to Flores 's departure . He signed away his rights to Tequila , and ultimately did not receive any royalties from the tune , despite its success . In the intervening years , he formed another group called the Original Champs and recorded for Saturn Records in 1963 . Flores continued to perform across California for the rest of his life . It was not until the early 2000s that he finally received royalties -- albeit only for sales in Europe -- for Tequila .   Flores died on September 19 , 2006 as a consequence of complications of pneumonia .

neg: Mrs. Renfro's Salsas Mrs Renfro 's is the brand name for the line of award-winning salsas , sauces and relishes made by Renfro Foods in Fort Worth , Texas . The Mrs. Renfro 's brand is sold in leading supermarket chains , gift shops and specialty food stores in all 50 states , the Caribbean , Canada , the U.K. and Australia .   Renfro Foods was founded in 1940 and began producing salsa products in 1972 , after acquiring Olé Foods . In 1995 , the company introduced its line of gourmet salsas with Black Bean and Habanero . Other flavors followed - Chipotle Corn , Peach , Roasted ( 1997 ) , Garlic ( 2001 ) , Raspberry Chipotle ( 2003 ) , Mango Habanero ( 2006 ) , Pineapple , Pomegranate , Tequila ( 2009 ) and Ghost Pepper ( 2010 ) . In its short time in the marketplace , Ghost Pepper has become the company 's fastest growing new product in the company 's 71-year history .   Mrs. Renfro 's Pineapple Salsa and Ghost Pepper Salsa are 2009 and 2010 recipients , respectively , of the prestigious Scovie Award , the world 's leading recognition for hot and spicy products . Also in 2010 , Mrs. Renfro 's Habanero Salsa was selected among the `` 125 Best Packaged Foods for Women '' by Women 's Health magazine .

neg: Diablo Diablo -LSB- diˈaβlo -RSB- is a Spanish word meaning `` Devil '' .   Diablo may also refer to :

neg: Tequila (Brand New Sin album) Tequila is the third full-length album by American hard rock band , Brand New Sin . This is the second album released on their current label , Century Media Records .   A music video was filmed for `` Motormeth '' . Portions of the video were shot at the Dinosaur Bar-b-que restaurant in Syracuse , New York .   Peter Steele from Type O Negative provided guest vocals on the song `` Reaper Man '' .

neg: U-Boot (beer cocktail) A U-Boot is a beer cocktail ( popular in Germany , Poland , Macedonia , and Flanders ) that is made with a glass of beer and a shot glass of vodka . In Germany , the liquor korn is sometimes used instead , while in Flanders and the Netherlands , jonge jenever is preferred .   It is called a U-Boot ( German abbreviation of Unterseeboot , `` submarine '' ) because the shot glass of vodka sinks to the bottom of the glass of beer . The shot glass then `` surfaces '' when the cocktail is drunk .   In Flanders and the Netherlands , it is called a `` Duikboot '' , literally translated `` Submarine '' . It is seen as a variant on the kopstoot ( lit . `` headbutt '' ) in the Netherlands . The kopstoot is a shot of jenever followed by a beer as a chaser .   In Macedonia it is called '' Подморница '' - `` Podmornica '' , literally translated `` Submarine '' .   In southern Germany , U-Boot is usually served as a combination of Fanta and cognac instead of beer and vodka .   In Mexico , it is called `` Submarino '' , Spanish for `` Submarine '' . Instead of vodka , it uses tequila , and the shot glass must be left inverted inside the beer glass .   In Sorbia , vodka and orange juice is used .

neg: Patron Tequila (song) `` Patron Tequila '' is a song by The Paradiso Girls featuring Lil Jon and female rapper Eve , intended to appear on their debut unreleased studio album , Crazy Horse . The song was released as the album 's lead single in the United States on April 14 , 2009 . The Paradiso Girls have released The Remixes and The Remixes Part 2 '' to promote the song .

neg: Margaritas (restaurant) Margaritas Mexican Restaurant is the largest privately owned Mexican restaurant chain in New England . The proper name of the restaurant is `` Tío Juan 's Margaritas Mexican Restaurant '' , but it is most commonly referred to as `` Margaritas '' .   The concept originated when several Chuck 's Steakhouse locations owned and run by Kukai , Inc were converted to Mexican restaurants and renamed `` Margaritaville '' in the late 1970s and early '80s . John Pelletier , an employee and manager of Chuck 's Steak House in Concord , New Hampshire , opened his own Mexican restaurant in Concord , calling it `` Tio Juan 's '' .   In 1987 , John partnered with Stan Bagley and converted a small restaurant in Orono , Maine , into the first Margaritas Mexican Restaurant . The following year , John 's brother Dave Pelletier joined the partnership . Together they opened a restaurant in Portland , Maine , in 1989 .   In 1996 , the owners formed Margaritas Management Group Inc. to oversee the operations of the restaurants . MMG is headquartered in Portsmouth , New Hampshire .   In 1999 , in order to unify a growing company , the Concord restaurant was officially renamed `` Margaritas Mexican Restaurant '' . In 2001 , in order to trademark the company name and distinguish it from other similarly named Mexican restaurants across the country , the restaurants officially became `` Tio Juan 's Margaritas Mexican Restaurant '' .   The concept evolved considerably over the years , with the owners travelling regularly to Mexico to study the food , culture and decor . The visits to Mexico established the founders ' love of and appreciation for the culture , and many strong business relationships and friendships formed with artists and furniture makers throughout the country .

neg: List of fictional beverages Many works of fiction have incorporated into their world the existence of beverages -- liquids made for popular consumption - which may create a sense of the world in which the story takes place , and in some cases may serve to advance the plot of the story . These products may be fictional brands which serve as a stand in for brand names , and in that capacity may be a vessel for mockery of the marketing culture associated with brand name products ( e.g. , Duff Beer from The Simpsons ; Buzz Beer from The Drew Carey Show ) . In science fiction , beverages from alien races may enhance the sense of a futuristic society ( e.g. Romulan Ale in Star Trek ) .   While there are many fictional liquids that can be consumed , fictional liquid medicines and magical potions ( such as the liquid that causes Alice to shrink in Alice in Wonderland ) may not be widely available for common consumption , or may simply not be described as being used for that purpose , and thus would not be considered `` beverages '' at all .

neg: Rickey (cocktail) The Rickey is a highball drink made from gin or bourbon , half of a lime squeezed and dropped in the glass , and carbonated water . Little or no sugar is added to the rickey . Originally created with bourbon in Washington , D.C. at Shoomaker 's bar by bartender George A. Williamson in the 1880s , purportedly in collaboration with Democratic lobbyist Colonel Joe Rickey , it became a worldwide sensation when mixed with gin a decade later .   A recipe for the rickey appears as early as Daly 's Bartenders ' Encyclopedia ( 1903 , p. 57 ) by Tim Daly : GIN RICKEY . Use a sour glass . Squeeze the juice of one lime into it . 1 small lump of ice . 1 wine glass of Plymouth gin . Fill the glass with syphon seltzer , and serve with small bar spoon.Since 2008 the rickey has enjoyed a resurgence with the revival of classic cocktails and a group of Washington , D.C. -- based bartenders , known as the DC Craft Bartenders Guild , establishing July as Rickey Month . It was also featured with bourbon by political commentator and amateur mixologist Rachel Maddow on the Martha Stewart show for election night , 2008 . Now most rickeys are made with gin ( a gin rickey ) , also known as a lime rickey , particularly in its virgin cocktail variant served at soda fountains on the U.S. east coast .   The mojito , which originated in Cuba , is a popular relative of the rickey , made with lime juice , rum , simple syrup or muddled sugar , soda water , and muddled mint leaves .

neg: You and Tequila `` You and Tequila '' is a song co-written by Matraca Berg and Deana Carter . It was recorded by Kenny Chesney for his 2010 album Hemingway 's Whiskey , from which it was released in May 2011 as the fourth single . Chesney 's version of the song features a guest vocal from Grace Potter , lead singer of Grace Potter and the Nocturnals . on November 30 , the song received two nominations in 54th Grammy Awards for Best Country Song and Best Country Duo/Group Performance .

neg: Agua Blanca, Jutiapa Agua Blanca ( -LSB- ˈaɣwa ˈβlaŋka -RSB- ) is a municipality in the Jutiapa department of Guatemala .   Like most eastern regions of Guatemala near Jutiapa ( ` el oriente ' ) most locals in Agua Blanca embrace - as Americans refer to it - a typical cowboy , ` old western ' culture . To see mustached men in tight blue jeans wearing cowboy hats and boots , carrying fully armed hand guns , with long magazines tightly secured to their leather belts in public venues with children present , is to capture in a microcosm the cultural norm of Agua Blanca , as this ` outlaw ' culture - most similar to that of Mexican drug cartels - is quickly being accepted and assimilated into the regional culture .   The most important event in Agua Blanca is its annual festival in January . As in most regions and towns in Catholic Guatemala and Latin America , the municipality of Agua Blanca holds an annual cultural , community festival known as , `` Feria de Los Reyes Magos . '' For several days , celebrations that include carnival rides , games , delicious food , Jaripeos ( bull-riding contests ) and a fireworks display at the central municipal park , are held to celebrate the new year and , especially , the Epiphany .

neg: Sinalco Sinalco is a popular brand of non-alcoholic drinks first marketed in 1902 , with sales in now more than 40 countries . Sinalco is the oldest soft drink brand in Europe . It is produced by Sinalco International , a company headquartered in Duisburg , Germany .   In 1902 , German scientist Friedrich Eduard Bilz invented `` Bilz Brause '' , a sherbet powder , and started to sell it in partnership with industrialist Franz Hartmann . As imitations started to appear , they held a prize competition for a brand name , and chose `` Sinalco '' ( an abbreviation of the Latin sine alcohole , `` without alcohol '' ) . As one of the first beverage brands , Sinalco came to be exported worldwide , particularly to South America and the Middle East . The red circle trademark was registered in 1937 . A distinctively-shaped bottle was launched in the 1950s , and updated at the end of the century . Besides the original Sinalco Orange , today the company also bottles Sinalco Cola and a few other kinds of soft drinks . In Germany , it is the third most popular soft drink , after Fanta and Sprite .