query: Psychological findings link to research and perspectives from an academic discipline.

pos: Humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human culture . In the Middle Ages , the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics , the main area of secular study in universities at the time . Today , the humanities are more frequently contrasted with natural , and sometimes social , sciences as well as professional training .   The humanities use methods that are primarily critical , or speculative , and have a significant historical element -- as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences , yet , unlike the sciences , it has no central discipline .  The humanities include ancient and modern languages , literature , philosophy , religion , art and musicology .   Scholars in the humanities are `` humanity scholars '' or humanists . The term `` humanist '' also describes the philosophical position of humanism , which some `` antihumanist '' scholars in the humanities refuse . The Renaissance scholars and artists were also called humanists . Some secondary schools offer humanities classes usually consisting of English literature , global studies and art .   Human disciplines like history and cultural anthropology study subject matters that the experimental method does not apply to -- and instead mainly use the comparative method and comparative research .

pos: Psychology Psychology is the science of behavior and mind , embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought . It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases .   In this field , a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social , behavioral , or cognitive scientist . Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior , while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors .   Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes , including perception , cognition , attention , emotion ( affect ) , intelligence , phenomenology , motivation ( conation ) , brain functioning , and personality . This extends to interaction between people , such as interpersonal relationships , including psychological resilience , family resilience , and other areas . Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind . Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables . In addition , or in opposition , to employing empirical and deductive methods , some -- especially clinical and counseling psychologists -- at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques . Psychology has been described as a `` hub science '' , with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences , natural sciences , medicine , humanities , and philosophy .   While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems , it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity . By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society . The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role , practicing in clinical , counseling , or school settings . Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior , and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings ( e.g. , medical schools , hospitals ) . Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings , or in other areas such as human development and aging , sports , health , and the media , as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law .

neg: Psychological Science in the Public Interest Psychological Science in the Public Interest is a triannual peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering issues in psychology of interest to the public at large . It is published by Sage Publications on behalf of the Association for Psychological Science . The editor-in-chief is Valerie F. Reyna ( Cornell University ) .

neg: Research I university Research I university was a category that the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education previously used to indicate universities in the United States that engage in extensive research activity .   The 1994 edition of the Carnegie Classification defined Research I universities as those that :  Offer a full range of baccalaureate programs  Are committed to graduate education through the doctorate  Give high priority to research  Award 50 or more doctoral degrees each year  Receive annually $ 40 million or more in federal support  The Carnegie Foundation reported that 59 institutions met these criteria in 1994 .   In their interim 2000 edition of the classification , the Carnegie Foundation renamed the category to Doctoral/research universities-extensive to '' ... avoid the inference that the categories signify quality differences . '' The Foundation replaced their single classification system with a multiple classification system in their 2005 comprehensive overhaul of the classification framework so that the term `` Research I university '' was no longer valid , though many universities continued to use it . In 2015 , the Carnegie Classification System reinstated the `` Research I university '' designations along with `` Research II '' and `` Research III . ''

neg: Methodology Methodology is the systematic , theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study . It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge . Typically , it encompasses concepts such as paradigm , theoretical model , phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques .   A methodology does not set out to provide solutions - it is , therefore , not the same as a method . Instead , a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method , set of methods , or best practices can be applied to specific case , for example , to calculate a specific result .   It has been defined also as follows :   `` the analysis of the principles of methods , rules , and postulates employed by a discipline '' ;  `` the systematic study of methods that are , can be , or have been applied within a discipline '' ;  `` the study or description of methods '' .

neg: Philosophy and economics Philosophy and economics , also philosophy of economics , studies topics such as rational choice , the appraisal of economic outcomes , institutions and processes , and the ontology of economic phenomena and the possibilities of acquiring knowledge of them .   Although these inquiries overlap in many ways , it is useful to divide philosophy of economics in this way into three subject matters which can be regarded respectively as branches of action theory , ethics ( or normative social and political philosophy ) , and philosophy of science . Economic theories of rationality , welfare , and social choice defend substantive philosophical theses often informed by relevant philosophical literature and of evident interest to those interested in action theory , philosophical psychology , and social and political philosophy .   Economics is of particular interest to those interested in epistemology and philosophy of science both because of its detailed peculiarities and because it possesses many of the overt features of the natural sciences , while its object consists of social phenomena .

neg: Political sociology Contemporary political sociology involves , but is not limited to , the study of the relations between state , society , and citizens . Where a typical research question in political sociology might have been `` Why do so few American or European citizens choose to vote ? '' or even `` What difference does it make if women get elected ? '' , political sociologists also now ask : `` How is the body a site of power ? '' , `` How are emotions relevant to global poverty ? '' , or `` What difference does knowledge make to democracy ? ''

neg: Lead author In academic publishing , the lead author , or first author , is the first named author of a publication such as a research article or audit .   Academic authorship standards vary widely across disciplines . In many academic subjects , including the natural sciences , computer science and electrical engineering , the lead author of a research article is typically the person who carried out the research , wrote and edited the paper . The list of trailing co-authors reflects , typically , diminishing contributions to the work reported in the manuscript . Sometimes , journals require statements detailing each author 's contributions to be included in each publication . In other disciplines ( such as mathematics ) however , authors are typically listed alphabetically rather than by contribution .   The proportion of multi-author papers has increased in recent decades , reflecting increasingly complex multi-investigator research projects , as well as the `` publish or perish '' culture of academic performance evaluation .

neg: Documentary research Documentary research is the use of outside sources , documents , to support the viewpoint or argument of an academic work . The process of documentary research often involves some or all of conceptualising , using and assessing documents . The analysis of the documents in documentary research would be either quantitative or qualitative analysis ( or both ) . The key issues surrounding types of documents and our ability to use them as reliable sources of evidence on the social world must be considered by all who use documents in their research .

neg: Enhanced publication Enhanced publications or enhanced ebooks are a form of electronic publishing for the dissemination and sharing of research outcomes , whose first formal definition can be tracked back to 2009 . As many forms of digital publications , they typically feature a unique identifier ( possibly a persistent identifier ) and descriptive metadata information . Unlike traditional digital publications ( e.g. PDF article ) , enhanced publications are often tailored to serve specific scientific domains and are generally constituted by a set of interconnected parts corresponding to research assets of several kinds ( e.g. datasets , videos , images , stylesheets , services , workflows , databases , presentations ) and to textual descriptions of the research ( e.g. papers , chapters , sections , tables ) . The nature and format of such parts and of the relationships between them , depends on the application domain and may largely vary from case to case .   The main motivations behind enhanced publications are to be found in the limitations of traditional scientific literature to describe the whole context and outcome of a research activity . Their goal is to move `` beyond the simple PDF '' ( FORCE11 initiative ) and support scientists with advanced ICT tools for sharing their research more comprehensively , without losing the narrative spirit of `` the publication '' as dissemination means . This trend is confirmed by the several enhanced publication systems devised in the literature , offering to research communities one or more of the following functionalities : Packaging of related research assets ; Web 2.0 reading capabilities ; Interlinking research outputs ; Re-production and assessment of scientific experiments .

neg: Harvard Department of Social Relations The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies , more commonly known as the `` Department of Social Relations '' was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University ( anthropology , psychology , and sociology ) beginning in 1946 . Originally , the program was headquartered in Emerson Hall at Harvard before moving to William James Hall in 1965 . While the name `` Social Relations '' is often associated with the program 's long-time chair and guiding spirit , sociologist Talcott Parsons , many major figures of mid-20th-century social science also numbered among the program 's faculty , including psychologists Gordon Allport ( personality and motivation ) , Jerome Bruner ( cognitive psychology and narrative analysis ) , Roger Brown ( social psychology and psycholinguistics ) , and Henry Murray ( personality ) ; anthropologists Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn ( value orientations ) , John and Beatrice Whiting ( cross-cultural child development ) , Evon Z. Vogt ( comparative religion ) ; and sociologist Alex Inkeles ( Soviet studies and national character ) . Many of its graduate students also went on to be major figures in U.S. social sciences during the latter part of the twentieth century ; their work tends towards strong interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches .   Allport and Boring discussed the origins of the department 's name in the April 1946 issue of the American Psychologist :  While -LSB- academic -RSB- departmental lines have remained rigid , there has been developing during the last decade , a synthesis of socio-cultural and psychological sciences which is widely recognized within the academic world in spite of the fact that there is no commonly accepted name to designate the synthesis . We propose that Harvard adopt , and thus help establish , the term Social Relations to characterize the emerging discipline which deals not only with the body of fact and theory traditionally recognized as the subject matter of sociology , but also with that portion of psychological science that treats the individual within the social system , and that portion of anthropological science that is particularly relevant to the social and cultural patterns of literate societies .   Social Relations sponsored or collaborated in a number of research studies characterized by explicit cross-cultural comparisons and multidisciplinary approaches to problems of policy or social theory . Major projects included the Six Cultures Study ( headed by John and Beatrice Whiting , an anthropological study of child development in six different cultures , including a New England Baptist community ; a Philippine barrio ; an Okinawan village ; an Indian village in Mexico ; a northern Indian caste group ; and a rural tribal group in Kenya ) ; a multidisciplinary analysis of Soviet culture and society , published in part as How the Soviet System Works ; and the Comparative Study of Values in Five Cultures during the 1950s , which examined five very different communities living in the same region of Texas : Zuni , Navajo , Mormon ( LDS ) , Spanish-American ( Mexican-American ) , and Texas Homesteaders .   The curriculum of the Harvard Social Relations had four inter-related components :  Sociology ;  Social Psychology ;  Social Anthropology ; and  Personality Theory .   The program disaggregated into its component departments around 1972 , though a certain interdisciplinarity remained throughout the 1970s .   A similar program at Yale , the Institute for Human Relations , also now disbanded , developed the Human Relations Area Files ( HRAF ) , a cross-cultural database for comparative research , administered by Carol and Melvin Ember .

neg: Subject access Subject access refers to the methods and systems by which books , journals , and other documents are accessed in a given bibliographic database ( e.g. a library classification system ) . The single records in a bibliographic file is structured in fields and each field can be searchable and combined with other fields . Such searchable data from fields of records are termed access points . Some of these access points contain information such as author name , number of pages , language of publication , name of publisher etc. . These are in library jargon termed `` descriptive data '' . Other kinds of access points contain information such as title words , classification codes , indexing terms etc. . They are termed subject access points .   However , a subject access point is defined as any access point useful for subject searching . There is no precise border between descriptive access points and subject access points . In theory any access point may hypothetically be used for subject searching .

neg: Developmental cognitive neuroscience Developmental cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary scientific field devoted to understanding psychological processes and their neurological bases in the developing organism . It examines how the mind changes as children grow up , interrelations between that and how the brain is changing , and environmental and biological influences on the developing mind and brain .   Developmental cognitive neuroscience is at the boundaries of neuroscience ( behavioral , systems , & cognitive neuroscience ) , psychology ( developmental , cognitive , & biobehavioral / physiological psychology ) , developmental science ( which includes sociology , anthropology , & biology in addition to psychology & neuroscience ) , cognitive science ( which includes computer science , philosophy , dynamical systems , & linguistics in addition to psychology ) , and even includes socio-emotional development and developmental aspects of social neuroscience and affective neuroscience .   The scientific interface between cognitive neuroscience and human development has evoked considerable interest in recent years , as technological advances make it possible to map in detail the changes in brain structure that take place during development . Developmental cognitive neuroscience overlaps somewhat with fields such as developmental psychology , developmental neuropsychology , developmental psychopathology , and developmental neuroscience , but is distinct from each of them as well . Developmental cognitive neuroscience is concerned with the brain bases of the phenomena that developmental psychologists study . Developmental neuropsychology and developmental psychopathology are both devoted primarily to studying patients , whereas developmental cognitive neuroscience is concerned with studying both typical and atypical development . Developmental neuroscience is devoted entirely to the study of developmental processes in the brain , and primarily during the prenatal period . Developmental cognitive neuroscience , on the other hand , is concerned with interrelations between psychological and biological development . Developmental cognitive neuroscientists study brain development and cognitive , social , and emotional development from the prenatal period through adulthood .   More recently , developmental cognitive neuroscience is interested in the role of genes in development and cognition . Thus , developmental cognitive neuroscience may shed light on nature versus nurture debates as well as constructivism and neuroconstructivism theories . Developmental cognitive neuroscience research provides data that alternately blends together , clarifies , challenges , and causes revisions in developmental , cognitive , and neuroscientific theories .

neg: Phenomenology (philosophy) Phenomenology ( from Greek phainómenon `` that which appears '' and lógos `` study '' ) is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness . As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany . It then spread to France , the United States , and elsewhere , often in contexts far removed from Husserl 's early work .  Phenomenology should not be considered as a unitary movement ; rather , different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences . Accordingly : A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus . In fact , it is not a doctrine , nor a philosophical school , but rather a style of thought , a method , an open and ever-renewed experience having different results , and this may disorient anyone wishing to define the meaning of phenomenology.Phenomenology , in Husserl 's conception , is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness . Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects , sets of objects , and objects acting and reacting upon one another .   Husserl 's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students , such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden , by hermeneutic philosophers , such as Martin Heidegger , by existentialists , such as Nicolai Hartmann , Gabriel Marcel , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , Jean-Paul Sartre , and by other philosophers , such as Max Scheler , Paul Ricoeur , Jean-Luc Marion , Michel Henry , Emmanuel Levinas , Jacques Derrida , and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin .

neg: Educational Psychologist (journal) The Educational Psychologist is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge on behalf of Division 15 ( Educational Psychology ) of the American Psychological Association . It was established in 1963 and the editor-in-chief is Clark A. Chinn ( Rutgers University ) . The journal publishes conceptual and review articles rather than empirical studies on all aspects of educational psychology .   It is considered one of the `` big five '' educational psychology journals ( along with Cognition and Instruction , Journal of Educational Psychology , Educational Psychology Review , and Contemporary Educational Psychology ) .   The journal practices double-blind peer review ( since at least 1979 ) .

neg: Philosophical theory In the general sense , a philosophical position is a set of beliefs that explains or accounts for a general philosophy or specific branch of philosophy . The use of the term theory here is a statement of colloquial English and not reflective of the term theory . While any sort of thesis or opinion may be termed a position , in analytic philosophy it is thought best to reserve the word `` theory '' for systematic , comprehensive attempts to solve problems .

neg: Journal of Research on Adolescence Journal of Research on Adolescence is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for Research on Adolescence . The editor-in-chief is Nancy G. Guerra ( University of Delaware ) . The journal covers research on adolescence using `` both quantitative and qualitative methodologies applied to cognitive , physical , emotional , and social development and behavior '' . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 1.989 , ranking it 6th out of 38 journals in the category `` Family Studies '' and 27th out of 67 journals in the category `` Psychology , Developmental '' .

neg: Health psychology Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health , illness , and healthcare . It is concerned with understanding how psychological , behavioral , and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness . Psychological factors can affect health directly . For example , chronically occurring environmental stressors affecting the hypothalamic -- pituitary -- adrenal axis , cumulatively , can harm health . Behavioral factors can also affect a person 's health . For example , certain behaviors can , over time , harm ( smoking , excessive alcohol consumption ) or enhance health ( exercise , diet low in saturated fat ) . Health psychologists take a biopsychosocial approach . In other words , health psychologists understand health to be the product not only of biological processes ( e.g. , a virus , tumor , etc. ) but also of psychological ( e.g. , thoughts and beliefs ) , behavioral ( e.g. , habits ) , and social processes ( e.g. , socioeconomic status and ethnicity ) .   By understanding psychological factors that influence health , and constructively applying that knowledge , health psychologists can improve health by working directly with individual patients or indirectly in large-scale public health programs . In addition , health psychologists can help train other healthcare professionals ( e.g. , physicians and nurses ) to take advantage of the knowledge the discipline has generated , when treating patients . Health psychologists work in a variety of settings : alongside other medical professionals in hospitals and clinics , in public health departments working on large-scale behavior change and health promotion programs , and in universities and medical schools where they teach and conduct research .   Although its early beginnings can be traced to the field of clinical psychology , four different divisions within health psychology and one related field , occupational health psychology ( OHP ) , have developed over time . The four divisions include clinical health psychology , public health psychology , community health psychology , and critical health psychology . Professional organizations for the field of health psychology include Division 38 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) , the Division of Health Psychology of the British Psychological Society ( BPS ) , and the European Health Psychology Society . Advanced credentialing in the US as a clinical health psychologist is provided through the American Board of Professional Psychology .

neg: Online research methods Online research methods ( ORMs ) are ways in which researchers can collect data via the internet . They are also referred to as Internet research , Internet science or iScience , or Web-based methods . Many of these online research methods are related to existing research methodologies but re-invent and re-imagine them in the light of new technologies and conditions associated with the internet . The field is relatively new and evolving . With the growth of social medias a new level of complexity and opportunity has been created . Inclusion of social media research can provide unique insights into consumer and societal segments and gaining an `` emotional '' measure of a population on issues of interest .   Some specific types of method include :  Cyber-ethnography  Online content analysis  Online focus groups  Online interviews  Online qualitative research  Online questionnaires  Social network analysis  Web-based experiments  Online clinical trials -- or see below

neg: Social Science History Association The Social Science History Association , formed in 1976 , brings together scholars from numerous disciplines interested in social history .   Statement of Purpose : To bring together members of various disciplines ( including economics , sociology , demography , anthropology , and history ) who work with historical materials .   Social Science History is a quarterly , peer-reviewed academic journal . It is the official journal of the Social Science History Association . Its articles bring an analytic , theoretical , and often quantitative approach to historical evidence . The journal 's founders intended to `` improve the quality of historical explanation '' with `` theories and methods from the social science disciplines '' and to make generalizations across historical cases . The first issue came out in the fall of 1976 . The journal 's articles that are most-accessed and cited through JSTOR are about social and political movements and associated narratives .   The `` Social Science History Association '' was formed in 1976 as an interdisciplinary group with a journal Social Science History and an annual convention . The goal was to incorporate in historical studies perspectives from all the social sciences , especially political science , sociology and economics . The pioneers shared a commitment to quantification . However , by the 1980s the first blush of quantification had worn off , as critics complained that quantification undervalued the role of contingency , and warned against a naive positivism . Meanwhile quantification became well-established inside economics , in the field of cliometrics , as well as in political science . In history , quantification remained central to demographic studies , but slipped behind in political and social history .

neg: Scientific theory A scientific theory is an explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can , in accordance with the scientific method , be repeatedly tested , using a predefined protocol of observations and experiments . Established scientific theories have withstood rigorous scrutiny and are a comprehensive form of scientific knowledge .   It is important to note that the definition of a `` scientific theory '' ( often ambiguously contracted to `` theory '' for the sake of brevity , including in this page ) as used in the disciplines of science is significantly different from the common vernacular usage of the word `` theory '' . Per NAS 2008 : `` The formal scientific definition of theory is quite different from the everyday meaning of the word . It refers to a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence . '' In everyday non-scientific speech , `` theory '' can imply that something is an unsubstantiated and speculative guess , conjecture , idea , or , hypothesis ; such a usage is the opposite of the word `` theory '' in science . These different usages are comparable to the differing , and often opposing , usages of the term `` prediction '' in science versus `` prediction '' in vernacular speech , denoting a mere hope .   The strength of a scientific theory is related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain . As additional scientific evidence is gathered , a scientific theory may be rejected or modified if it does not fit the new empirical findings ; in such circumstances , a more accurate theory is then desired . In certain cases , the less-accurate unmodified scientific theory can still be treated as a theory if it is useful ( due to its sheer simplicity ) as an approximation under specific conditions ( e.g. , Newton 's laws of motion as an approximation to special relativity at velocities that are small relative to the speed of light ) .   Scientific theories are testable and make falsifiable predictions . They describe the causal elements responsible for a particular natural phenomenon , and are used to explain and predict aspects of the physical universe or specific areas of inquiry ( e.g. , electricity , chemistry , astronomy ) . Scientists use theories as a foundation to gain further scientific knowledge , as well as to accomplish goals such as inventing technology or curing disease .   As with other forms of scientific knowledge , scientific theories are both deductive and inductive in nature and aim for predictive power and explanatory capability .   Paleontologist , evolutionary biologist , and science historian Stephen Jay Gould said , `` ... facts and theories are different things , not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty . Facts are the world ′ s data . Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts . ''

neg: Lecture A lecture ( from the French ` lecture ' , meaning ` reading ' -LSB- process -RSB- ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject , for example by a university or college teacher . Lectures are used to convey critical information , history , background , theories , and equations . A politician 's speech , a minister 's sermon , or even a businessman 's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture . Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture 's content .   Though lectures are much criticised as a teaching method , universities have not yet found practical alternative teaching methods for the large majority of their courses . Critics point out that lecturing is mainly a one-way method of communication that does not involve significant audience participation but relies upon passive learning . Therefore , lecturing is often contrasted to active learning . Lectures delivered by talented speakers can be highly stimulating ; at the very least , lectures have survived in academia as a quick , cheap , and efficient way of introducing large numbers of students to a particular field of study .   Lectures have a significant role outside the classroom , as well . Academic and scientific awards routinely include a lecture as part of the honor , and academic conferences often center on `` keynote addresses '' , i.e. , lectures . The public lecture has a long history in the sciences and in social movements . Union halls , for instance , historically have hosted numerous free and public lectures on a wide variety of matters . Similarly , churches , community centers , libraries , museums , and other organizations have hosted lectures in furtherance of their missions or their constituents ' interests . Lectures represent a continuation of oral tradition in contrast to textual communication in books and other media . Lectures may be considered a type of grey literature .


query: The Beach Boys was an American rock band.

pos: The Beach Boys The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne , California , in 1961 . The group 's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian , Dennis , and Carl Wilson ; their cousin Mike Love ; and their friend Al Jardine . Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs , they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era . The group , led by their principal songwriter and producer Brian , pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production , combining their affinities for jazz-based vocal groups , 1950s rock and roll , and black R&B to create their unique sound . He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles , often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways .   The Beach Boys began as a garage band managed by the Wilsons ' father Murry , with Brian 's increasingly sophisticated songwriting and recording abilities dominating their creative direction . Emerging at the vanguard of the `` California Sound '' , they performed original material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing , cars , and romance . After 1964 , they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics and multi-layered sounds . In 1966 , the Pet Sounds album and `` Good Vibrations '' single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era . Following the dissolution of the group 's Smile project in 1967 , Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band , reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues . The group 's public image subsequently faltered , and despite efforts to continue their psychedelic/avant-garde ventures and reclaim their hippie audiences , they were dismissed as an embodiment of the values and outlooks shared by early 1960s white , suburban teenagers .   The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the band 's transition into an oldies act , a move that was denigrated by critics and many fans . Since the 1980s , much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties , songwriting credits and use of the band 's name transpired . Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998 . After Carl 's death , many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love and Bruce Johnston continued to tour into the 2000s while other members pursued solo projects . Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnston 's band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour , they remain a part of the Beach Boys ' corporation , Brother Records Inc. .   The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed , commercially successful , and widely influential bands of all time . The group had over eighty songs chart worldwide , thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits ( the most by an American rock band ) , four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Beach Boys have sold in excess of 100 million records worldwide , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time and are listed at No. 12 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2004 list of the `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . The core quintet of the three Wilsons , Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 .

neg: Jeffrey Foskett Jeffrey `` Jeff '' Foskett is an American singer , record producer , arranger and guitarist best known for his work with Brian Wilson and The Beach Boys . Foskett is described as The Beach Boys ' `` vice principal '' by its core members .

neg: The Endless Summer The Endless Summer is a seminal 1966 surf movie ( the initial release was in 1964 , world-wide release was 1966 ) .   Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers , Mike Hynson and Robert August , on a surfing trip around the world . Despite the balmy climate of their native California , cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter . They travel to the coasts of Australia , New Zealand , Tahiti , Hawaii , Senegal , Ghana , Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport . Other important surfers of the time , such as Miki Dora , Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear .   Its title comes from the idea , expressed at both the beginning and end of the film , that if one had enough time and money it would be possible to follow the summer up and down the world ( northern to southern hemisphere and back ) , making it endless . The concept of the film was born through the suggestion of a travel agent to Bruce Brown during the planning stages of the film . The travel agent suggested that the flight from Los Angeles to Cape Town , South Africa and back would cost $ 50 more than a trip circumnavigating the world . After which , Bruce came up with the idea of following the summer season by traveling up and down the world .   The narrative presentation eases from the stiff and formal documentary of the 1950s and early 1960s to a more casual and fun-loving personal style filled with sly humor . The surf rock soundtrack to the film was provided by The Sandals . The `` Theme to the Endless Summer '' was written by Gaston Georis and John Blakeley of the Sandals . It has become one of the best known film themes in the surf movie genre .   When the movie was first shown , it encouraged many surfers to go abroad , giving birth to the `` surf-and-travel '' culture , with prizes for finding `` uncrowded surf '' , meeting new people and riding the perfect wave . It also introduced the sport , which had become popular outside of Hawaii and the Polynesian Islands in places like California and Australia , to a broader audience . In addition , it set the style for later surf-and-travel movies , including Momentum , ( These Are ) Better Days , and Thicker Than Water .

neg: Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' .   Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event .   Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge .   There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act .   The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck .   In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .

neg: All I Want to Do (The Beach Boys song) `` All I Want to Do '' is a song written by Dennis Wilson . It was recorded by American rock band The Beach Boys for their 1969 album 20/20 . It was later released as the b-side to `` I Can Hear Music '' , a single which charted at # 24 in the U.S. and at # 10 in the U.K. .

neg: Good Boys `` Good Boys '' is a song by the American band Blondie . Released in 2003 , it was the only single to be released from their eighth studio album The Curse of Blondie . The single peaked at number 12 in the UK and was the final single from the band for eight years .   The single was released as part of a two-CD set and on vinyl . CD 1 features live versions of `` Maria '' and `` Rapture '' , plus the video for `` Good Boys '' directed by Jonas Åkerlund . CD 2 featured a remix by Giorgio Moroder . The 12-inch vinyl featured remixes by Giorgio Moroder , Return To New York , and Scissor Sisters . The Australian single release coincided with the band 's 2003 tour of the country , peaking at number 37 and becoming their first top 40 hit there as a group since `` Island of Lost Souls '' in 1982 .

neg: So Sad About Us `` So Sad About Us '' is a 1966 song by British rock band The Who , first released on the band 's second album A Quick One . Originally written for The Merseys , `` So Sad About Us '' has likely been covered more frequently than any other song on the album ; according to the All Music Guide , it is `` one of the Who 's most covered songs '' . Shaun Cassidy , Primal Scream , The Breeders , and most notably The Jam and Dexter Romweber Duo ( with backup vocal by Mary Huff of Southern Culture on the Skids ) are among the many artists who have recorded studio versions of the song .   Beyond the sheer number of covers , it is also one of The Who 's most frequently imitated songs . As the aforementioned AMG put it , it is `` an archetypal early Who song '' and `` hundreds of bands have based their entire careers on this one song '' . With its ringing guitars , Beach Boys-styled harmonies , crashing drums , and lovelorn lyrics , it is one of the early forebears of the power pop genre , along with other early Who staples such as `` I Ca n't Explain '' and `` The Kids Are Alright '' .

neg: Made in California Made in California ( 1962 -- 2012 ) is a compilation box set by the Beach Boys , released on August 27 , 2013 . The set is released through Capitol Records and is packaged in a form emulating a high school yearbook . The set contains six CDs with tracks that span the band 's entire career , including outtakes , demos , B-sides , rarities , alternate takes and versions , over 60 previously unreleased . It supersedes the theretofore career-spanning 1993 box set Good Vibrations : Thirty Years of The Beach Boys , which followed a similar premise .

neg: Sunshine pop Sunshine pop ( originally `` soft pop '' ) is a subgenre of pop music originating in Southern California in the mid-1960s , although it only acquired the name later . Rooted in easy-listening , advertising jingles , and the growing drug culture , sunshine pop acts purveyed a lightly produced style that combined nostalgic or anxious moods with `` an appreciation for the beauty of the world '' .   It began as an outgrowth of the 1960s California Sound and folk rock movements , largely consisting of lesser-known artists who imitated more popular groups like the Beach Boys , the Mamas & the Papas , and the 5th Dimension . While the Beach Boys are noted as prominent influences , they rarely worked in the genre . Sunshine pop is characterized by lush vocals and light arrangements similar to samba music . In some ways the genre is similar to baroque pop music through being elaborate and melancholic , though it also crossed into folk pop and Brill Building styles .   Sunshine pop enjoyed mainstream success in the latter half of the decade , with many of its top 40 hits peaking in the spring and summer of 1967 , especially just before the Summer of Love . Popular bands include the Mamas & the Papas , the Turtles , and the Association . Other acts , like the Millennium , Sagittarius , and the Yellow Balloon were less successful but gained a cult following years later ; with albums like Begin ( 1968 ) and Present Tense ( 1968 ) highly sought-after on the collectors ' market .

neg: Friends (The Beach Boys album) Friends is the 14th studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys , released on June 24 , 1968 through Capitol Records . It was initially met with a mild critical reception and peaked at number 126 on the US Billboard charts for what was then group 's worst chart performance to date . In the UK , the album peaked at number 13 .   Many of the album 's songs were inspired by Transcendental Meditation and the group 's recent interactions with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi . It was the third consecutive album to credit `` the Beach Boys '' as producer instead of Brian Wilson , and the first to feature significant songwriting contributions from Dennis Wilson . One single was issued from the album : `` Friends '' ( backed with `` Little Bird '' ) , reaching number 47 in the US .

neg: British rock and roll British rock and roll , or sometimes British rock 'n' roll , is a style of popular music based on American rock and roll , which emerged in the late 1950s and was popular until the arrival of beat music in 1962 . It has generally been considered inferior to the American version of the genre , and made little international or lasting impact . However , it was important in establishing British youth and popular music culture and was a key factor in subsequent developments that led to the British Invasion of the mid-1960s . Since the 1960s , some stars of the genre , most notably Cliff Richard , have managed to sustain successful careers and there have been periodic revivals of this form of music .

neg: Carl Wilson Carl Dean Wilson ( December 21 , 1946 -- February 6 , 1998 ) was an American musician , singer , songwriter , and record producer who co-founded the Beach Boys . He is best remembered as their lead guitarist and as the youngest brother of bandmates Brian and Dennis Wilson .   Influenced by the guitar playing of Chuck Berry and the Ventures , Carl 's initial role in the group was that of lead guitarist and backing vocals , but he performed lead vocals on several of their hits , including `` God Only Knows '' ( 1966 ) and `` Good Vibrations '' ( 1966 ) . Unlike other members of the band , he often played alongside the studio musicians employed during the group 's critical and commercial peak in the mid 1960s . After Brian began withdrawing from the group , Carl was forced to take a more active production role , and he became the band 's musical director on stage from 1965 until his death from lung cancer in 1998 .   During the 1980s , he attempted to launch a solo career , releasing the albums Carl Wilson ( 1981 ) and Young Blood ( 1983 ) . Shortly before his death , he recorded material with Gerry Beckley and Robert Lamm , later released for the posthumous album Like a Brother ( 2000 ) .   In 1988 , Carl was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys .

neg: Brian Wilson (disambiguation) Brian Wilson ( born 1942 ) is an American musician and one of the original members of The Beach Boys .   Brian Wilson may also refer to :

neg: Little Deuce Coupe Little Deuce Coupe is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys , and their third album release in 1963 . It reached number four in the United States during a 46-week chart stay , and was eventually certified platinum by the RIAA . It is considered to be one of the earliest examples of a rock concept album .   The album was released three weeks after Surfer Girl . Four of the tracks from Little Deuce Coupe ( `` Shut Down '' , `` 409 '' , `` Our Car Club '' and `` Little Deuce Coupe '' ) had already appeared on previous albums , and discounting an alternate recording of `` Be True to Your School '' , no tracks from the album were issued as an A-sided single .

neg: Spirit of America (The Beach Boys album) Spirit of America is the 1975 follow-up to the Capitol Records compilation of music by The Beach Boys , Endless Summer , released the previous year . After the enormous success of its predecessor , Capitol rounded up the few remaining early hits that were not released on Endless Summer , as well as some worthy album tracks , in addition to two rare singles , `` The Little Girl I Once Knew '' and `` Break Away '' . Although it features only a handful of genuine hits , Spirit of America proved to be another success for The Beach Boys ' former label , reaching number 8 at home and going gold . The `` Spirit of America '' ( and `` Endless Summer '' ) record album cover art illustrator is Keith McConnell .   As with Endless Summer , Spirit of America was compiled and released while The Beach Boys were contracted with Reprise Records and , as such , is not considered an `` official '' album of theirs .   Due to the appearance of more comprehensive and updated hit packages , Endless Summer , Spirit of America , and the 1982 followup Sunshine Dream have long since been deleted from the group 's catalog .

neg: Checkered Flag (album) Checkered Flag is the third studio album of surf music by surf music pioneer Dick Dale and his Del-Tones , released in 1963 . This is Dale 's first entry into the `` Hot Rod '' style of surf music , which The Beach Boys , among others , were beginning to perform and record . Here the style shifts somewhat and features slightly altered beats and some added sounds to give the impression of the energy of Hot-rodding ( this is not always the case though ) . The majority of the songs on this album are titled with themes of racing and Hot-rodding . Dale 's next album Mr. Eliminator is basically a follow-up to this , featuring more surf songs of Hot-Rod nature .

neg: Fall Breaks and Back to Winter (W. Woodpecker Symphony) `` Fall Breaks and Back to Winter ( W. Woodpecker Symphony ) '' is an instrumental composed by Brian Wilson for American rock band the Beach Boys . Released in 1967 as the second track on the group 's album Smiley Smile , the composition derives from `` Fire '' -- a piece recorded by Wilson several months earlier , but left unreleased due to his paranoia .

neg: Beach (disambiguation) A beach is a geological formation consisting of loose rock particles along the shoreline of a body of water .   Beach , Beaches or beaching may also refer to :

neg: B-Girls (band) The B-Girls were a Toronto punk rock band from the first wave of punk in the late 1970s and early 1980s .   The B-Girls formed in 1977 with an all-girl line-up with Lucasta Ross ( A.K.A. Rochas ) on vocals , Renee Chetsky ( guitar ) , Xenia Holiday ( guitar ) , Cynthia Ross ( bass ) and Rhonda Ross on drums . who would later be replaced by Marcy Saddy who had briefly played with the Demics .   The band had a sound that was closer to that of a 1960s Mersey Beat band than the usual loud and fast punk sound of the era which was also shown in their fashions which included go-go boots , tight leggings and matching sweaters .   The band gigged heavily locally with bands like Teenage Head , The Viletones and The Poles as well as opening for The Clash and The Undertones at an infamous Massey Hall gig where a riot broke out . After getting much press attention they relocated to New Yok where they would play with Blondie , The B52 's , The Romantics , Levi and The Rockats , Niki and The Korvettes , Richard Hell , Lee Dorsey , The Cramps , Joey Ramone , Joan Jett , Johnny Thunders , The Dead Boys and even Allen Ginsberg . Cynthia Ross would become engaged for a time to Dead Boys singer Stiv Bators .   In 1979 Greg Shaw , owner of Bomp ! Records signed them and recordings were made produced by Bob Segarini resulting in a single `` Fun At The Beach '' b/w `` B-Side '' which was also released in Europe . They also sang backup vocals on Blondie 's `` Autoamerican '' and Stiv Bator 's solo album . A video was shot for `` High School Dance '' ( A.K.A. `` Boys Are Drinking '' ) . Further demos were produced by Debbie Harry and Mick Jones but possible record or production deals with Bomp ! , I.R.S. Records and Phil Spector fell through . I.R.S. would instead sign the similar sounding Go-Go 's who were also fans of the B-Girls .   Line up changes would lead to Lucasta leaving after the single and being replaced by Xenia moving to vocals . Rhonda having already left and been replaced by Marcy Saddy who had previously played in the London , Ontario band Demics . The reformed band carried on until 1981 before breaking up and returning to Toronto . Lucasta formed a new band called Minutes From Downtown who had a hit with `` Wrapped In Velvet '' breaking up a few years later . Marcy Saddy returned to London drumming in various bands and becoming an artist . The rest of the band dropped out of music although Cynthia Ross has since returned with a new band , New York Junk .   The bands collected recordings were released in 1997 remixed by Chris Spedding in a cd entitled `` Who Says Girls Ca n't Rock '' . The members of the band are in the documentary `` The Last Pogo Jumps Again '' .

neg: Holland (album) Holland is the 19th studio album by the American rock group the Beach Boys , released on January 8 , 1973 . Self-produced by the band , the album peaked at number 36 in the US and number 20 in the UK . The album is the last to feature Blondie Chaplin and Ricky Fataar , who joined the band the previous year to record Carl and the Passions - So Tough ( 1972 ) .   Holland was mostly recorded in Baambrugge , Netherlands over the summer of 1972 using a reconstructed studio sent from California , and with two Brian Wilson tracks rush-recorded in Los Angeles and added to the album at the last minute . The photograph on the album 's front cover is an upside down image of the Kromme Waal , a canal that runs through the center of Amsterdam .   Holland included a bonus EP , Mount Vernon and Fairway ( A Fairy Tale ) , a musical fairy tale written by Brian Wilson about a magical transistor radio who appears to a young prince . Narration was provided by the group 's manager : Jack Rieley .

neg: Feel Flows `` Feel Flows '' is a song written by Carl Wilson and Jack Rieley for American rock band the Beach Boys . It was released on their 1971 album Surf 's Up .


query: Billy Bob Thornton directed a movie.

pos: Billy Bob Thornton Billy Bob Thornton ( born August 4 , 1955 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , singer , songwriter , and musician .   Thornton had his first break when he co-wrote and starred in the 1992 thriller One False Move , and came to international attention after writing , directing , and starring in the independent drama film Sling Blade ( 1996 ) , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor . He appeared in several major film roles in the 1990s following Sling Blade , including Oliver Stone 's neo-noir U Turn ( 1997 ) , political drama Primary Colors ( 1998 ) , science fiction disaster film Armageddon ( 1998 ) , which was the highest-grossing film of that year , and the crime drama A Simple Plan ( 1998 ) , which earned him his third Academy Awards nomination .   In the 2000s , Thornton achieved further success in starring dramas Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) , The Man Who Was n't There ( 2001 ) , and Friday Night Lights ( 2004 ) ; comedies Bandits ( 2001 ) , Intolerable Cruelty ( 2003 ) , and Bad Santa ( 2003 ) ; and action films Eagle Eye ( 2008 ) and Faster ( 2010 ) . In 2014 , Thornton starred as Lorne Malvo in the first season of the anthology series Fargo , earning a nomination for the Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie at the Emmy Awards and won Best Actor in a Miniseries or TV Film at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards . In 2016 , he starred in an Amazon original series , Goliath about a washed up attorney with a great new case .   Thornton has been vocal about his disrespect for celebrity culture , choosing to keep his life out of the public eye . However , the attention of the media has proven unavoidable in certain cases , his marriage to Angelina Jolie being a notable example . Thornton has appeared in at least one film per year nearly every year since 1991 . Thornton has written a variety of films , usually set in the Southern United States and mainly co-written with Tom Epperson , including A Family Thing ( 1996 ) and The Gift ( 2000 ) . After Sling Blade , he directed several other films , including Daddy and Them ( 2001 ) , All the Pretty Horses ( 2000 ) , and Jayne Mansfield 's Car ( 2012 ) .   Thornton has received the President 's Award from the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy & Horror Films , a Special Achievement Award from the National Board of Review , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . He has also been nominated for an Emmy Award , four Golden Globes , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards . In addition to film work , Thornton began a career as a singer-songwriter . He has released four solo albums and is the vocalist of the blues rock band The Boxmasters .

neg: Baptists at Our Barbecue Baptists at Our Barbecue is a 2004 comedy film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Robert Farrell Smith . It was directed , and produced by Christian Vuissa . This film features some The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) centric humor that is meant to appeal to Mormon audiences , humor that people who are not LDS are not likely to get , as well as some humor aimed at non-Mormon audiences .

neg: The Hi-Lo Country The Hi-Lo Country is a 1998 American Western-drama film directed by Stephen Frears , starring Billy Crudup , Penélope Cruz , Woody Harrelson , Cole Hauser , Sam Elliott , Patricia Arquette , Enrique Castillo , and Katy Jurado . It is set in post-World War II New Mexico and is based on the Western novel by Max Evans .   Don Walser appears in a rodeo dance sequence and sings a memorable Western swing , honky tonk rendition of `` I 'll Hold You in My Heart . '' Rodeo announcer Bob Tallman appears as himself in the film .

neg: P.S. (film) P.S. is a 2004 drama film directed by Dylan Kidd . The screenplay by Kidd and Helen Schulman is based on Schulman 's 2001 novel p.s. . The film stars Laura Linney and Topher Grace .

neg: Oh, God! Oh , God ! is a 1977 American Technicolor comedy film starring George Burns and John Denver . Based on a novel of the same name by Avery Corman , the film was directed by Carl Reiner from a screenplay written by Larry Gelbart . The story centres on unassuming supermarket manager Jerry Landers ( Denver ) , chosen by God ( Burns ) to spread his message despite the skepticism of the media , religious authorities , and Landers ' own wife ( Teri Garr ) .   The film inspired two sequels , Oh , God ! Book II ( 1980 ) and Oh , God ! You Devil ( 1984 ) , both of which featured Burns reprising his role , but with no other recurring characters from the original story .

neg: Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''

neg: Ginny Mule Pictures Ginny Mule Pictures was an award-winning independent film production company created by actors , Ray McKinnon , Lisa Blount and Walton Goggins . Ginny Mule was involved with producing four independent films , each featuring McKinnon and Goggins onscreen . Blount appeared in Ginny Mule 's first three films , but died in 2010 .   Ginny Mule first produced the black comedy short The Accountant , written and directed by McKinnon , about a ruthless and hard drinking accountant ( McKinnon ) who appears to help two family farmers ( Goggins and Eddie King ) ; the film received an Academy Award for Live Action Short Film after qualifying at the Atlanta Film Festival .   The company then created Chrystal , starring Billy Bob Thornton as an Arkansas ex-convict returning home after imprisonment to rekindle the relationship with the wife he left behind . McKinnon was nominated for the Grand Jury prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival for his writing and directing the film , while Blount was recognized by the 2004 Stockholm International Film Festival jurors as Best Actress for her portrayal of the title character .   In 2007 , Randy and the Mob , a comedy written and directed by McKinnon , won both the Audience Choice and President 's Awards at the Nashville Film Festival and was awarded the Spirit award at the Slamdance Film Festival .   Recently , McKinnon produced That Evening Sun , which starred veteran actors Dixie Carter and her real-life husband Hal Holbrook as a Tennessee couple who had lost their farm . The film , directed by Scott Teems , won many awards , including the Audience award for narrative feature and the Special Jury Award for Best Ensemble Cast at the 2009 SXSW Film Festival in Austin , Texas .

neg: The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster .   The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .

neg: Jack the Dog Jack the Dog is a 2001 American comedy-drama film , written and directed by Bobby Roth and starring Nestor Carbonell , Barbara Williams , Barry Newman , and Anthony LaPaglia . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22 , 2001 , and was released on DVD in the United States by Rivercoast Films on August 12 , 2008 . A sequel , Manhood , was released in 2003 .

neg: Trailer Park Boys: The Movie Trailer Park Boys : The Movie , also known as Trailer Park Boys : The Big Dirty and simply Trailer Park Boys , is a 2006 Canadian crime dark comedy film based on the television series Trailer Park Boys . The film follows characters Ricky , Julian and Bubbles creating a plan for The Big Dirty , one last crime that will enable them to retire from their criminal lives . The film , like the series , was directed and produced by Mike Clattenburg , with Ivan Reitman as an executive producer . It was released in Canada on October 6 , 2006 , and a limited release in the United States began on January 25 , 2008 . It has developed into a cult film since then .

neg: Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film) Witness for the Prosecution is a 1982 television film version of Agatha Christie 's short story and play , and also a remake of the Billy Wilder film Witness for the Prosecution ( 1957 ) .

neg: Boo (film) Boo is a 2005 American horror film directed by Anthony C. Ferrante .

neg: The Law vs. Billy the Kid The Law vs. Billy the Kid is a 1954 Western film starring Scott Brady as Billy the Kid . It was directed by William Castle .

neg: Dirty Deeds (2005 film) Dirty Deeds is a 2005 American comedy film directed by David Kendall , produced by Bill Civitella and Dan Kaplow ; written by Jon Land and Jonathan Thies . It was released on August 25 , 2005 in the United States and filmed in Los Angeles , California .   The film was given a rating of PG-13 for `` crude humor , sexual content , language , teen partying/sexual references , and some violence '' .

neg: There's Something About Mary There 's Something About Mary is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Bobby and Peter Farrelly . It stars Cameron Diaz as the title character with Ben Stiller , Chris Elliott , and Matt Dillon all playing men who are in love with her and vying for her affections .   The film was placed 27th in the American Film Institute 's 100 Years , 100 Laughs : America 's Funniest Movies , a list of the 100 funniest movies of the 20th century . In 2000 , readers of Total Film magazine voted it the fourth-greatest comedy film of all time . Diaz won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress , an MTV Movie Award for Best Performance , an American Comedy Award for Best Actress , a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Best Actress . She also received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance . It was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy . It won 4 out of 8 MTV Movie Awards , including Best Movie .

neg: Daddy and Them Daddy and Them is a 2001 American film written , directed by , and starring Billy Bob Thornton . In addition to Thornton , it stars Laura Dern , Andy Griffith , Ben Affleck , Kelly Preston , Diane Ladd , Brenda Blethyn , Tuesday Knight , Jamie Lee Curtis and Jim Varney . This was Jim Varney 's last live-action film ; he died a year before the movie 's release . It was also his penultimate movie .   The original plan was to release the film in theaters , but the film got only limited distribution as Miramax found the film not `` commercial '' enough . Daddy and Them opened to positive reviews , with many critics praising the film 's southern humour , Thornton 's work as a writer/director , and the performances of the entire cast . It currently holds an 83 % rating on the review site Rotten Tomatoes .

neg: Soursweet Soursweet is a 1988 British film directed by Mike Newell . The screenplay was written by Ian McEwan from the novel Sour Sweet by Timothy Mo. .

neg: Mr. Texas (film) Mr. Texas is a 1951 American western film directed by Dick Ross , starring Redd Harper and Cindy Walker . Evangelist Billy Graham called it `` the first Christian Western '' .

neg: Mongrel (film) Mongrel is a 1982 American horror film written and directed by Robert A. Burns . This is the only feature film Burns directed .

neg: Irma la Douce Irma la Douce is a 1963 romantic comedy starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine , directed by Billy Wilder . It is based on the 1956 French stage musical Irma La Douce by Marguerite Monnot and Alexandre Breffort .


query: The Ren & Stimpy Show premiered on August 11, 1991.

pos: The Ren & Stimpy Show The Ren & Stimpy Show , often simply called Ren & Stimpy , is an American children 's / adult animated television series created by John Kricfalusi for Nickelodeon . The series follows the adventures of title characters Ren , an emotionally unstable chihuahua , and Stimpy , a good-natured , dimwitted cat . It premiered on August 11 , 1991 as one of the original three Nicktoons , along with Rugrats and Doug . Throughout its run , the show was controversial for its off-color humor , sexual innuendo , dark humor , adult jokes , and violence , similar to Rocko 's Modern Life . This controversy contributed to the production staff 's altercations with Nickelodeon 's Standards and Practices department . The show ended on December 16 , 1995 , with a total of five seasons and 52 episodes .   Ren & Stimpy received mixed to very positive reviews during its original run then later widespread critical acclaim after its run , and has developed a cult following . The series is often cited as paving the way for animated shows like Beavis and Butt-Head and South Park . A spin-off for adult audiences , Ren & Stimpy `` Adult Party Cartoon '' , aired in 2003 on Spike , but was cancelled soon after its debut .

neg: The Dan & Scott Show The Dan & Scott Show was an uncensored comedy program named for its hosts , Dan Schulz and Scott Wirkus . The show is credited as pioneering internet radio , with its uncensored comedy format that is now more commonplace both online and in satellite radio formats such as XM Satellite Radio and Sirius Satellite Radio .   The show was first made available as downloadable audio , an early form of podcasting , on AOL in 1995 . It debuted as a live streaming audio format on April 1 , 1996 first via Audionet.com AKA Broadcast.com . Throughout the show 's five-year run , it moved from between several streaming providers such as Audionet , Audioactive , Talkspot.com , Radio HTB , and finally Eyada.com . They had the show on radiofun.com for a number of years as well .   The show was one of the few kept by Eyada in their restructuring attempts but in the end both the Dan and Scott show and Eyada failed to survive the tail end of the dot com crash of 2000-2001 due to Eyada 's financial troubles .   The show first received national attention when Rick Rockwell , the bachelor from Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire ? appeared on the show making a plea for contestants . The show also received attention for the weekly Survivor predictions from regular show caller `` Jesus '' .   After trying to find another site to broadcast the show , it became apparent that the dot com crash had killed all the viable streamed radio sites on the market . After trying to work deals with many networks outside the streaming world in 2001 -- 2002 they had a meeting with HBO . But HBO wanted a sanitized version of the show ; Dan and Scott submitted a censored demo that exists but felt they just could n't do the show HBO wanted .  Then it was XM and Sirius to also ask for a clean version of the show , it did not come to fruition there .  Big supporter of the show and Eyada owner Bob Meyrowitz offered them a chance for a nationally syndicated morning radio show . Bob 's big plan was for them to take on Howard Stern .  Ultimately though , Scott and Dan decided to stop doing the show ; they announced it was going on hiatus on August 24 , 2002 .

neg: Flop Starz `` Flop Starz '' is the first segment for the first official aired episode of the animated television series Phineas and Ferb . The episode was originally broadcast on Disney Channel on February 1 , 2008 . In the episode , Phineas and Ferb become one-hit wonders in the matter of a morning . This is much to the disappointment of Candace , who is trying out for super stardom on a competition show titled The Next American Pop Teen Idol Star ! Meanwhile , Doofenshmirtz converts his building into a giant robot to aid him in his attempt to conquer the tri-state area .   The episode 's storyboard was written by Sherm Cohen and Antoine Guilbaud , though the story itself was made by the co-creators of the series . The song in the episode , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was the first song the series had and caused for Disney to want one in every episode . Despite the actual pilot being `` Rollercoaster , '' the episode was broadcast to premiere the series , so a majority of the series ' standard humor and plot devices had yet to be established ( e.g. Perry and Doofenshmirtz have no involvement in the removal of the boys ' evidence -LSB- mainly instigated by the boys themselves -RSB- and Candace 's busting attempts in the A-plot are limited to two ) .   `` Flop Starz '' carried several references to the music industry and several genres ( the title itself is as well a spoof of the phrase `` pop stars '' ) , as well as to the talent competition American Idol . The episode was well received by critics and fans alike , gaining 23.5 million viewers in its premiere . The song featured , `` Gitchee Gitchee Goo , '' was as well reviewed favorably by critics . `` Flop Starz '' has been featured in several pieces of merchandise , including a junior novelization by Lara Bergen in 2009 .

neg: Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears Disney 's Adventures of the Gummi Bears is a Disney animated television series that first aired in the United States from 1985 to 1991 . The series was the first animated production by Walt Disney Animation Television , and loosely inspired by the gummy bear candies ; Disney CEO Michael Eisner was struck with inspiration for the show when his son requested the candies one day . The series premiered on NBC on September 14 , 1985 , and aired there for four seasons . The series moved to ABC for one season from 1989 to 1990 ( airing alongside The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh as the Gummi Bears-Winnie the Pooh Hour ) , and concluded on September 6 , 1991 as part of the Disney Afternoon television syndication package . Of the series ' 65 shows , 30 were double-features , consisting of two 11-minute cartoons , thereby bringing the series total to 94 distinct episodes overall . The show is well-remembered for its theme music , written by Michael and Patty Silversher and creation of `` gummiberry juice '' which was a type of magic potion , granting abilities , which allowed them to bounce away from their hunters . The theme was memorably performed by Joseph Williams , son of composer John Williams and one-time lead singer of Toto .   The series was later rebroadcast on the syndicated Disney Afternoon block , and rerun on the Disney Afternoon through the summer of 1991 . In later years , it was shown on The Disney Channel ( from October 7 , 1991 to at least January 1997 ) , and later on Toon Disney , with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28 , 2001 . Seasons 1 to 3 of the series were released on DVD on November 14 , 2006 featuring commentary from producers Eric Wong and Daniel Weinstein .

neg: The Looney Tunes Show The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom that ran from May 3 , 2011 , through August 31 , 2014 , on Cartoon Network . The show consist of two series , each containing 26 episodes , and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons updated for the 21st century . It is produced by Warner Bros. . Animation . On July 29 , 2014 , producer Tony Cervone confirmed that the series would not be renewed for a third season in light of Wabbit . Looney Tunes : Rabbits Run is an animated direct-to-video spin-off film released on August 4 , 2015 .

neg: It Hits the Fan `` It Hits the Fan '' is the first episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 66th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 20 , 2001 . In the episode , the word `` shit '' is said uncensored on television on the crime show Cop Drama . After this , everyone starts saying `` shit '' over and over , which eventually brings over a mysterious plague that unleashes the ancient Knights of Standards and Practices , and only Chef and the boys can save the world .   The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-LV in the United States . Throughout the episode , the profanity `` shit '' or `` shitty '' are exclaimed uncensored a total of 162 separate times ; in syndicated or re-aired versions of this episode , a counter in the bottom left corner of the screen counts the number of times the word has been uttered . The written occurrences are not counted , but `` shit '' is written 38 times , which puts the `` shit `` s up to an even 200 . `` Shit '' is uttered roughly once every eight seconds ; one such count includes the episode 's theme song in the calculation .

neg: Saturday Night Live (season 11) The eleventh season of Saturday Night Live , an American sketch comedy series , originally aired in the United States on NBC between November 9 , 1985 , and May 24 , 1986 .

neg: The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show is the sixth incarnation of the Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo . It premiered on September 10 , 1983 , and ran for one season on ABC as a half-hour program made up of two eleven-minute short cartoons . In 1984 , the name of the show was changed to The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries , with the actual show format remaining the same . The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries ran for another season on ABC . The series airs reruns on Cartoon Network 's classics channel Boomerang .   Thirteen half-hour episodes , composed of twenty-four separate segments were produced under the New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo title in 1983 , and thirteen more episodes , composed of twenty separate segments were produced under the name The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries in 1984 . At the time , Margaret Loesch , who served as supervising executive for the series , also worked for another animation production company Marvel Productions .

neg: Warner Bros. Studio Store The Warner Bros. . Studio Store was a chain of retail stores selling Looney Tunes and other merchandise based on Warner Bros. films , similar in style to The Disney Store . They first opened in 1991 . In 1996 , Warner Bros. owner Time Warner merged with Turner Broadcasting , which owned Hanna-Barbera and the pre-1986 MGM library , and merchandise based on Turner properties were added to the product lines . In 2001 , all Warner Bros. . Studio Stores went out of business . In 2006 , Warner Bros. . Consumer Products partnered with PMW Retail and reopened the stores in China .

neg: The Adventures of Mark & Brian The Adventures of Mark & Brian is a comedy television program that was broadcast by NBC as part of its 1991 fall lineup .

neg: The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show is a 60-minute Saturday morning animated package show produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on ABC from November 8 , 1980 to September 18 , 1982 . The program contained segments of Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo and Richie Rich . The Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo shorts represents the sixth show in which Scooby-Doo appears . This was the only Hanna-Barbera package series for which Scooby-Doo was given second billing and also notable for Richie Rich 's debut in animation .

neg: Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series .   The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense .   Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 .   In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .

neg: The Yogi Bear Show The Yogi Bear Show is an animated television series about the misadventures of picnic basket stealing bear Yogi in Jellystone Park . The show debuted in syndication on January 30 , 1961 , and ran for 33 episodes until January 6 , 1962 , and included two segments , Snagglepuss and Yakky Doodle . The show had a two-year production run .

neg: Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .

neg: South Park (season 11) The eleventh season of South Park , an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone , began airing on March 7 , 2007 . The 11th season concluded after 14 episodes on November 14 , 2007 . This is the first season to have uncensored episodes available for DVD release . This is also the season featuring the three-part , Emmy Award-winning episode `` Imaginationland '' ( which was released separately on DVD with scenes not shown in the televised version before being packaged with the rest of the season 11 episodes as part of the complete season DVD ) . Parker was the director and writer of this eleventh season .

neg: You and Me Kid You and Me , Kid is an American children 's television series which premiered on The Disney Channel on April 18 , 1983 . The series was hosted by Sonny Melendrez who was joined by the You and Me Players ( Toni Attell , Caleb Chung , Mitchell Young Evans , Gary Schwartz and Ricci Mann ) . Each show lasted approximately 30 minutes and was dedicated to building interactive skills between parents and their toddler children . The shows contained five segments :  Let 's Go ! ( exercise skills )  You and Me Theater ( creative drama )  Famous and 1/2 ( celebrities and their children )  Ssh ! ( listening and observation skills )  Mime Your Own Business ( pantomime )   Its theme song Just You and Me , Kid was sung by Robin Frederick .   The show ran for 130 episodes and reruns continued to air on the channel until September 29 , 1991 .   Four VHS tapes were released by Walt Disney Home Video in the mid-1980s for the then new video home rental market . Each tape contained four episodes and have since become hard to find .   In 1988 , a store with same name opened up at Disney Village Marketplace which sold children 's apparel , games and toys .

neg: BBC World Service Television BBC World Service Television , often abbreviated to WSTV ( World Service Television ) , was the name of two BBC international satellite television channels between 1991 and 1995 . It was the BBC 's first foray into worldwide television broadcasting . In Europe , it was the successor to BBC TV Europe , replacing it on 11 March 1991 . The service was also launched in Asia as a 24-hour news and information service with minor differences , a precursor to BBC World News , launched on 14 October 1991 .   Unlike BBC World Service at the time , it was not funded by the British government with a grant-in-aid . Instead , it was funded by commercial advertising , with commercials were inserted locally by the cable or satellite providers . In the years that followed , the BBC would insert news headlines and other updates to fill the gaps , known as the break fillers .

neg: Red vs. Blue (season 11) The eleventh season of the American action comedy science fiction animated/machinima web series Red vs. Blue premiered on June 14 , 2013 , and concluded on November 11 , 2013 . The series is created and produced by Rooster Teeth Productions and is loosely based in the Halo universe . The season premiered on June 14 , 2013 , while the rest of the episodes were released on Rooster Teeth 's website on Mondays starting June 24 , 2013 . It is the first season of the Chorus Trilogy .   The season returns to a similar format that was used in the Blood Gulch Chronicles , where both teams are in a boxed canyon and do nothing but talk to each other . Also like the first seven seasons of the series , Season 11 '' featured no pre-rendered character animation sequences .

neg: Rescue 911 Rescue 911 was an informational docudrama television series that premiered on CBS on April 18 , 1989 and ended on August 27 , 1996 . The series was hosted by William Shatner and featured reenactments ( and occasionally real footage ) of emergency situations that often involved calls to 911 .   Though never intended as a teaching tool , various viewers used the knowledge they obtained watching the show . Two specials , titled `` 100 Lives Saved '' and `` 200 Lives Saved , '' were dedicated to these viewers who had written to CBS with their stories on how the knowledge they obtained watching the show allowed them to save the life of someone else . At least 350 lives have been saved as a result of what viewers learned from watching it . The show 's popularity coincided with the widespread adoption of the 911 emergency system , replacing standalone police and fire numbers that would vary from municipality to municipality . The number is now universally understood in the United States and Canada to be the number dialed for emergency assistance nationwide .   At its height , the show was adapted in 45 countries ( with their own 911 equivalent showcased ) .

neg: Renga Media Renga Media ( originally Renga Studios ) is a British multimedia and animation company located in Brighton . It was established in 1995 , and is run by creator Tony Luke alongside producers Simon Moorhead and Doug Bradley . Partners include Alan Grant , Yasushi Nirasawa and Jim Brathwaite , chairman of S.E.E.D.A. .

neg: Jim Smith (animator) Jim Smith ( born James Carl Jobb October 8 , 1954 , Lubbock , Texas ) is an American animator and musician . He worked on Mighty Mouse : The New Adventures with his long-time working partner John Kricfalusi . Smith later briefly worked on Tiny Toon Adventures , and then along with Kricfalusi , Bob Camp and Lynne Naylor he founded Spümcø , where he co-created The Ren & Stimpy Show and The Ripping Friends . He is also the one playing the guitar for the Ren & Stimpy theme in the intro . His performance name is Jelly-Roel , Jelly Roll .