query: Shaky camera can make some viewers feel dizzy.

pos: Shaky camera Handheld camera , shaky cam , queasy cam , queasicam , hand-held camera or free camera is a cinematographic technique where stable-image techniques are purposely dispensed with . The camera is held in the hand , or given the appearance of being hand-held , and in many cases shots are limited to what one photographer could have accomplished with one camera . Shaky cam is often employed to give a film sequence an ad hoc , electronic news-gathering , or documentary film feel . It suggests unprepared , unrehearsed filming of reality , and can provide a sense of dynamics , immersion , instability or nervousness . The technique can be used to give a pseudo-documentary or cinéma vérité appearance to a film .   Too much shaky camera motion can make some viewers feel distracted , dizzy or sick .

neg: Low light level television Low light level television , initialized as LLLTV , is a type of electronic sensing device , usually a CCD camera sensitive to wavelengths above the normal `` visible '' ( 0.4 to 0.7 micrometre ) wavelengths , and into the short-wave Infrared - usually to about 1.0 to 1.1 micrometres . This allows viewing of objects in extremely low light levels , where they would not be seen by the naked eye . LLLTVs tend to be more affordable than infrared cameras , which typically cover ranges from 3 to 5 µm ( MWIR ) or 8 to 12 µm ( LWIR )

neg: Vignetting In photography and optics , vignetting ( -LSB- vɪnˈjɛtɪŋ -RSB- French : `` vignette '' ) is a reduction of an image 's brightness or saturation at the periphery compared to the image center . The word vignette , from the same root as vine , originally referred to a decorative border in a book . Later , the word came to be used for a photographic portrait which is clear in the center , and fades off at the edges . A similar effect occurs when photographing projected images or movies off a projection screen , resulting in a so-called `` hotspot '' effect .   Vignetting is often an unintended and undesired effect caused by camera settings or lens limitations . However , it is sometimes deliberately introduced for creative effect , such as to draw attention to the center of the frame . A photographer may deliberately choose a lens which is known to produce vignetting to obtain the effect , or it may be introduced with the use of special filters or post-processing procedures .   When using superzoom lenses , vignetting may occur all along the zoom range , depending on the aperture and the focal length . However , it may not always be visible , except at the widest end ( the shortest focal length ) . In these cases , vignetting may cause an exposure value ( EV ) difference of up to 0.75 EV .

neg: Animation stand An animation stand is a device assembled for the filming of any kind of animation that is placed on a flat surface , including cel animation , graphic animation , clay animation , and silhouette animation .   Traditionally , the flat surface that the animation rests on is some kind of table that the animator sits at . Pegs made specifically for animation are embedded into the table , in at least two slots allowing the pegs to slide from side to side , permitting horizontal movement of images , but can also be easily fixed into position for the accurate positioning ( `` registration '' ) of the artwork .   Opposite the animator is a series of supporting arms and supports , on top of which is mounted a film or video camera , pointing down toward the artwork , which films the artwork , frame-by-frame , as it is slowly moved and changed by the operator .   The vertical positioning of the animation camera , always shooting down , is the main component that defines an animation stand , as opposed to a stop motion set-up , or other equipment arrangements for animation production .   Animation stands can be homemade , from metal or wood , such as that owned by Los Angeles animator Mike Jittlov , and still accomplish impressive animation production ; or they can be elaborate ( and expensive ) professionally made precision systems that allow for the computerised movements of both the art and the camera , as has been traditionally used by professional animation studios and special effects facilities such as the Walt Disney studio ( famous for their Multiplane camera ) and George Lucas 's Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) facilities .

neg: Ponzo illusion The Ponzo illusion is a geometrical-optical illusion that was first demonstrated by the Italian psychologist Mario Ponzo ( 1882 -- 1960 ) in 1911 . He suggested that the human mind judges an object 's size based on its background . He showed this by drawing two identical lines across a pair of converging lines , similar to railway tracks . The upper line looks longer because we interpret the converging sides according to linear perspective as parallel lines receding into the distance . In this context , we interpret the upper line as though it were farther away , so we see it as longer -- a farther object would have to be longer than a nearer one for both to produce retinal images of the same size .   One of the explanations for the Ponzo illusion is the `` perspective hypothesis '' , which states that the perspective feature in the figure is obviously produced by the converging lines ordinarily associated with distance , that is , the two oblique lines appear to converge toward the horizon or a vanishing point . Another is the `` framing-effects hypothesis '' , which says that the difference in the separation or gap of the horizontal lines from the framing converging lines may determine , or at least contribute to the magnitude of the distortion .   The Ponzo illusion is one possible explanation of the Moon illusion , with objects appearing `` far away '' ( because they are `` on '' the horizon ) appearing bigger than objects `` overhead '' .   This typical visual illusion also occurs in touch and with an auditory-to-visual sensory-substitution device . However , prior visual experience seems mandatory to perceive it as demonstrated by the fact that congenitally blind subjects are not sensitive to it .   The Ponzo illusion has also been used to demonstrate a dissociation between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action ( see Two-streams hypothesis ) . Thus , the scaling of grasping movements directed towards objects embedded within a Ponzo illusion is not subject to the size illusion . In other words , the opening between the index finger and thumb is scaled to the real not the apparent size of the target object as the grasping hand approaches the object .   Cross-cultural differences in susceptibility to the Ponzo illusion have been noted , with non-Western and rural people showing less susceptibility . Other recent research suggests that an individual 's receptivity to this illusion , as well as the Ebbinghaus illusion , may be inversely correlated with the size of that individual 's primary visual cortex .

neg: Celestial globe Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky . They omit the Sun , Moon and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars , but the ecliptic , along which the Sun moves , is indicated .   There is an issue regarding the `` handedness '' of celestial globes . If the globe is constructed so that the stars are in the positions they actually occupy on the imaginary celestial sphere , then the star field will appear back-to-front on the surface of the globe ( all the constellations will appear as their mirror images ) . This is because the view from Earth , positioned at the centre of the celestial sphere , is of the inside of the celestial sphere , whereas the celestial globe is viewed from the outside . For this reason , celestial globes are often produced in mirror image , so that at least the constellations appear the `` right way round '' . Some modern celestial globes address this problem by making the surface of the globe transparent . The stars can then be placed in their proper positions and viewed through the globe , so that the view is of the inside of the celestial sphere . However , the proper position from which to view the sphere would be from its centre , but the viewer of a transparent globe must be outside it , far from its centre . Viewing the inside of the sphere from the outside , through its transparent surface , produces serious distortions . Opaque celestial globes that are made with the constellations correctly placed , so they appear as mirror images when directly viewed from outside the globe , are often viewed in a mirror , so the constellations have their familiar appearances . Written material on the globe , names of constellations etc. , is printed in reverse , so it can easily be read in the mirror .   Category : Navigational equipment  Category : Globes  Category : Spheres

neg: Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera , and to finished motion picture film , ready for use in a projector , which bears images in color .   The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902 . A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor . These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters .   Around 1920 , the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced . These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images , but the final product was a multicolored print that did not require special projection equipment . Before 1932 , when three-strip Technicolor was introduced , commercialized subtractive processes used only two color components and could reproduce only a limited range of color .   In 1935 , Kodachrome was introduced , followed by Agfacolor in 1936 . They were intended primarily for amateur home movies and `` slides '' . These were the first films of the `` integral tripack '' type , coated with three layers of differently color-sensitive emulsion , which is usually what is meant by the words `` color film '' as commonly used . The few color films still being made in the 2010s are of this type . The first color negative films and corresponding print films were modified versions of these films . They were introduced around 1940 but only came into wide use for commercial motion picture production in the early 1950s . In the US , Eastman Kodak 's Eastmancolor was the usual choice , but it was often re-branded with another trade name , such as `` WarnerColor '' , by the studio or the film processor .   Later color films were standardized into two distinct processes : Eastman Color Negative 2 chemistry ( camera negative stocks , duplicating interpositive and internegative stocks ) and Eastman Color Positive 2 chemistry ( positive prints for direct projection ) , usually abbreviated as ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Fuji 's products are compatible with ECN-2 and ECP-2 .   Film was the dominant form of cinematography until the 2010s , when it was largely replaced by digital cinematography .

neg: Proprietary DVR DVRs , or Digital Video Recorders , are devices which record video to a hard drive . The term Proprietary DVR refers to exclusive methodologies used to maintain commercial control over the DVR format and prevent third-party copying of a particular file . CCTV systems are used for the detection and recording of crime , but the analysts and law enforcement personnel who are required to obtain and process video recorded with proprietary DVRs may face problems using the proprietary format .  Most established manufacturers will provide tools for law enforcement agencies to play and copy footage from such systems .   The opposite of proprietary DVR is standard or PC-based DVR . ( Although , in fact , many proprietary DVR 's are PC-based devices . )   Currently there is no standard output for the security industry to follow . Because of this , analysts are forced to obtain a compatible `` player '' in order to view the video . Some proprietary DVRs are delivered to the end-user in an executable player which allows for navigation . Some require the installation of the player . Others simply require a codec to be available on the system that is playing , then it will become viewable in a common player such as Windows Media Player .   Some proprietary DVR systems offer more than one output format , such as the native format as well as a standard format such as AVI . Some also offer a composite video output PAL or NTSC . Some security companies are reluctant to offer anything other than their proprietary format . Reasons cited for maintaining control over the file by impeding conversion vary , but most companies will make `` tamper resistance '' a sellable feature , while disregarding the work required of an analyst or court in order to present the video .   Another selling point of proprietary DVR systems is compression . Video compression removes information in exchange for a smaller file size . Increasing compression leads to the ability to store longer periods on a disk , at the expense of sacrificing some of the detail in the images . This trade-off must be considered when attempting to balance image quality and recording time in a DVR . As storage drives become cheaper and larger , compression sacrifices are improving .   A problem inherent in proprietary DVR output is accuracy . There is a good chance that the video image as viewed has an incorrect aspect ratio and/or color information . Color may be off simply due to the calibration of the monitor being used , but often color information is not recorded accurately . It is not very common to white balance security cameras unless it is done at set up . Aspect ratios may also be recorded improperly and could actually be quite distorted . Aspect ratios on some players are sometimes user-adjustable by dragging the viewer in one direction or the other .   Contrary to attempts made by proprietary DVR developers , it is possible to change virtually any DVR image into another format , but it can not be done through digital conversion , such as changing an MPEG-2 to AVI . Instead it is done by intercepting the pixels sent by the proprietary DVR to the users monitor . There are a number of software available that will capture an area of a screen and generate an uncompressed file in a common format .   Gradually technology is improving and DVR systems are capable of having features that analog video could never provide . One feature is the ability to store metadata , such as point of sale information . Another feature may be for an event ( movement , panic button , door/drawer opening ) to trigger a system to record at a higher resolution . Perhaps the greatest feature is the ability to navigate directly to an area of interest .

neg: Panning (camera) In cinematography and photography panning means swiveling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position .  This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right . In the resulting image , the view seems to `` pass by '' the spectator as new material appears on one side of the screen and exits from the other , although perspective lines reveal that the entire image is seen from a fixed point of view .   The term panning is short for panorama , suggesting an expansive view that exceeds the gaze , forcing the viewer to turn their head in order to take everything in . Panning , in other words , is a device for gradually revealing and incorporating off-screen space into the image .   Panning should never be confused with `` tracking '' or `` travelling , '' in which the camera is not just swivelled but is physically displaced left or right , generally by being rolled parallel to its subject .   In video technology , panning refers to the horizontal scrolling of an image wider than the display .   For 3D modeling in computer graphics , panning means moving parallel to the current view plane . In other words , the camera moves perpendicular to the direction it is pointed .   The technique also has limited applications in still photography .   In other disciplines , this motion is called yaw .

neg: Parallax Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight , and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between those two lines . The term is derived from the Greek word παράλλαξις ( parallaxis ) , meaning `` alternation '' . Due to foreshortening , nearby objects have a larger parallax than more distant objects when observed from different positions , so parallax can be used to determine distances .   Astronomers use the principle of parallax to measure distances to the closer stars . Here , the term `` parallax '' is the semi-angle of inclination between two sight-lines to the star , as observed when the Earth is on opposite sides of the Sun in its orbit . These distances form the lowest rung of what is called `` the cosmic distance ladder '' , the first in a succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects , serving as a basis for other distance measurements in astronomy forming the higher rungs of the ladder .   Parallax also affects optical instruments such as rifle scopes , binoculars , microscopes , and twin-lens reflex cameras that view objects from slightly different angles . Many animals , including humans , have two eyes with overlapping visual fields that use parallax to gain depth perception ; this process is known as stereopsis . In computer vision the effect is used for computer stereo vision , and there is a device called a parallax rangefinder that uses it to find range , and in some variations also altitude to a target .   A simple everyday example of parallax can be seen in the dashboard of motor vehicles that use a needle-style speedometer gauge . When viewed from directly in front , the speed may show exactly 60 ; but when viewed from the passenger seat the needle may appear to show a slightly different speed , due to the angle of viewing .

neg: Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras .   The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization .   The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor .   Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .

neg: Sunshine in the Courtroom Act The Sunshine in the Courtroom Act is a bill to allow the broadcasting of U.S. District Court and U.S. Court of Appeals proceedings . The name of the bill is an apparent reference to Louis Brandeis ' remark that `` sunshine is the best disinfectant '' for ill-doings . The proposed act relates to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 53 , which states , `` Except as otherwise provided by a statute or these rules , the court must not permit the taking of photographs in the courtroom during judicial proceedings or the broadcasting of judicial proceedings from the courtroom . ''   The bill was introduced in 2005 , 2007 , 2008 , and 2009 . The 2009 bill was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee . The Senate version is S. 657 , and the House version is H.R. 3054 . In 2009 , the Judicial Council of the 9th Circuit expressed interest in televising certain proceedings .   In Congressional testimony , Ted Poe stated : When I was Assistant District Attorney , I spent my career trying criminal cases , and based on my experiences , I actually feel the cameras in the courtroom benefit a defendant . A public trial ensures fairness . That is the purpose of a public trial . It ensures professionalism by the lawyers and the judge , and a camera in the courtroom protects the defendant 's right to a public trial . Poe also opined that lawyers play to the jury , not to the camera , and that jurors stated they liked the camera inside the courtroom because they wanted the public to know what they heard `` instead of waiting to hear a 30-second sound bite from a newscaster who may or may not have the facts correct . '' Judge John R. Tunheim opposed the bill , stating that it could deny some defendants a fair trial ; e.g. a defendant corporation might forgo its right to a trial because it does not want its president to be cross-examined on television . He also expressed concern that televising trials could increase the incidence of threats against federal judges .

neg: Flash (photography) A flash is a device used in photography producing a flash of artificial light ( typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second ) at a color temperature of about 5500 K ( Kelvin ) to help illuminate a scene . A major purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene . Other uses are capturing quickly moving objects or changing the quality of light . Flash refers either to the flash of light itself or to the electronic flash unit discharging the light . Most current flash units are electronic , having evolved from single-use flashbulbs and flammable powders . Modern cameras often activate flash units automatically .   Flash units are commonly built directly into a camera . Some cameras allow separate flash units to be mounted via a standardized `` accessory mount '' bracket ( a hot shoe ) . In professional studio equipment , flashes may be large , standalone units , or studio strobes , powered by special battery packs or connected to mains power . They are either synchronized with the camera using a flash synchronization cable or radio signal , or are light-triggered , meaning that only one flash unit needs to be synchronized with the camera , and in turn triggers the other units , called slaves .

neg: High-speed photography High-speed photography is the science of taking pictures of very fast phenomena . In 1948 , the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ) defined high-speed photography as any set of photographs captured by a camera capable of 69 frames per second or greater , and of at least three consecutive frames . High-speed photography can be considered to be the opposite of time-lapse photography .   In common usage , high-speed photography may refer to either or both of the following meanings . The first is that the photograph itself may be taken in a way as to appear to freeze the motion , especially to reduce motion blur . The second is that a series of photographs may be taken at a high sampling frequency or frame rate . The first requires a sensor with good sensitivity and either a very good shuttering system or a very fast strobe light . The second requires some means of capturing successive frames , either with a mechanical device or by moving data off electronic sensors very quickly .   Other considerations for high-speed photographers are record length , reciprocity breakdown , and spatial resolution .

neg: Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers .   Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection .   In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate .   The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) .   One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk .   The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .

neg: Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film .   Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally .   Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors .   Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .

neg: Nausea Nausea is a sensation of unease and discomfort in the upper stomach with an involuntary urge to vomit . It may precede vomiting , but a person can have nausea without vomiting . When prolonged , it is a debilitating symptom .   Nausea is a non-specific symptom , which means that it has many possible causes . Some common causes of nausea are motion sickness , dizziness , migraine , fainting , low blood sugar , gastroenteritis ( stomach infection ) or food poisoning . Nausea is a side effect of many medications including chemotherapy , or morning sickness in early pregnancy . Nausea may also be caused by anxiety , disgust and depression .   Medications taken to prevent and treat nausea are called antiemetics . The most commonly prescribed antiemetics in the US are promethazine , metoclopramide and ondansetron . The word nausea is from Latin nausea , from Greek ναυσία -- nausia , '' ναυτία '' -- nautia , motion sickness '' , `` feeling sick or queasy '' .

neg: Pool safety camera Pool Safety Cameras are video monitoring systems designed to reduce drowning deaths in public and private pools .

neg: Reflex camera A reflex camera is a camera that permits the photographer to view the image that will be seen through the lens , and therefore to see exactly what will be captured , contrary to viewfinder cameras where the image could be significantly different from what will be captured . A single-lens reflex camera typically uses a mirror and prism system ( hence `` reflex '' , from the mirror 's reflection ) to accomplish this . The mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera achieves the same result by providing the photographer with a digitally captured image . The twin-lens reflex camera provides both a viewfinder image and the reflected image from the actual camera lens .   Category : Cameras by type

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .


query: Neil Young is not a producer.

pos: Neil Young Neil Percival Young , ( born November 12 , 1945 ) , is a Canadian singer-songwriter , musician , producer , director and screenwriter . Young began performing in a group covering Shadows instrumentals in Canada in 1960 . In 1966 , after a brief stint with the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds , he moved to Los Angeles , where he formed Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills , Richie Furay and others . Young had released two solo albums by the time he joined Crosby , Stills & Nash in 1969 , in addition to two as a member of Buffalo Springfield . From his early solo albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse , Young has recorded a steady stream of studio and live albums , sometimes warring with his recording company along the way .   Young 's often distorted electric guitar work , deeply personal lyrics and signature tenor singing voice transcend his long career . Young also plays piano and harmonica on many albums which frequently combine folk , rock , blues and other musical styles . Known to rip up live set lists , Young often plays acoustic versions of songs in one show and electric versions in others . His gritty guitar work , especially with Crazy Horse , earned him the nickname `` Godfather of Grunge '' and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam . More recently Young has been backed by Promise of the Real .   Young directed ( or co-directed ) films using the pseudonym Bernard Shakey , including Journey Through the Past ( 1973 ) , Rust Never Sleeps ( 1979 ) , Human Highway ( 1982 ) , Greendale ( 2003 ) , and CSNY/D éjà Vu ( 2008 ) . He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia ( 1993 ) and Dead Man ( 1995 ) .   Young has received several Grammy and Juno awards . The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice : as a solo artist in 1995 and in 1997 as a member of Buffalo Springfield . In 2000 , Rolling Stone named Young the 34th greatest rock 'n roll artist .   He has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship . He was awarded the Order of Manitoba on July 14 , 2006 , and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 30 , 2009 .

neg: Buffalo Springfield (album) Buffalo Springfield is the eponymous debut album by the folk rock band Buffalo Springfield , released in December of 1966 on Atco Records . It peaked at # 80 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart . It is the first album to feature the songwriting of future stars Stephen Stills and Neil Young .

neg: Neil Conti Neil Conti ( born 12 February 1959 ) is an English drummer and music producer who was an integral member of the pop/rock band Prefab Sprout , while continuing to be in demand as a session drummer for artists and bands such as David Bowie , Mick Jagger , Annie Lennox , Cher , Level 42 , Laurie Anderson , Steve Winwood , Paul Young , Youssou N'dour , Brian Eno , Robert Palmer , Deep Forest , Will Young and many more .

neg: We Were Young (album) We Were Young is the debut solo album by Jonathan Jones , the singer and song writer for the bands Waking Ashland and We Shot the Moon . The CD was first released to various websites and iTunes on February 3 , 2009 . Jones stated that physical copies of the CD will be available `` this fall when -LSB- he -RSB- does a solo tour '' .

neg: Just for You (Neil Diamond album) Just for You is the second album by Neil Diamond . Like his debut , it has never been released on CD , though all but two of the tracks were made available on the Classics : The Early Years compilation . All tracks are also available on the compilation album The Bang Years 1966-1968 . At some point or another , every single track on it was released either as an A-side or a B-side of a single , with many of them becoming big hits : `` You Got to Me '' ( # 18 ) , `` Girl , You 'll Be a Woman Soon '' ( # 10 ) , `` Thank the Lord for the Night Time '' ( # 13 ) , `` Red Red Wine '' ( # 62 ) , and `` Shilo '' ( # 24 in 1970 ) . Curiously , the year-old hit `` Cherry Cherry '' ( from Diamond 's first LP ) also appears here , while the then-current hit `` Kentucky Woman '' ( # 22 ) does not . `` Solitary Man '' also re-appears in its 1966 version . This version would be re-released in 1970 and chart at # 21 . This was Diamond 's first album consisting entirely of original material , and his final album for the Bang label .

neg: Light of the Stable (album) Light of the Stable is a Christmas album by Emmylou Harris . It was originally released in 1979 by Warner Bros. . Records but has since gone through several intervening releases . The 1992 Warner release was a remastered version of the original with a different album cover . The latest edition was released in 2004 by Rhino Records . It contains three newly recorded tracks in addition to remastered versions of the ten original tracks . Its cover came from the record sleeve of the original 45-rpm single version of `` Light of the Stable '' that was released in 1975 . The title song featured harmony vocals from Neil Young , Dolly Parton and Linda Ronstadt .

neg: 12 Songs (Neil Diamond album) 12 Songs is the twenty-sixth studio album by Neil Diamond , released in 2005 . It was his first album of all-original , all-new material since 2001 's Three Chord Opera . It was produced by Rick Rubin and is often erroneously cited as the first Diamond album since the Bang Records era to feature the artist playing acoustic guitar ; in truth he played guitar on his Uni/MCA output and his Columbia output , possibly uncredited on most , if not all , albums .   The working title for the album was self-titled . The original pressing of the album was copy-protected using Sony 's controversial XCP technology .

neg: Lead Us Not into Temptation Lead Us Not into Temptation is an album by David Byrne , released in 2003 for the movie Young Adam , a film directed by David MacKenzie .

neg: 30th Young Artist Awards The 30th Young Artist Awards ceremony , presented by the Young Artist Association , honored excellence of young performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television and theater for the 2008 season , and took place on March 29 , 2009 at Universal Studios ' Globe Theatre in Universal City , California . Special guest performers for the ceremony that year included Russian musical artists , `` Street Magic '' and Las Vegas father and son acrobat team , `` The Kalinins . ''   Established in 1978 by long-standing Hollywood Foreign Press Association member Maureen Dragone , the Young Artist Association was the first organization to establish an awards ceremony specifically set to recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music .

neg: Arc (Neil Young & Crazy Horse album) Arc is a live album of feedback , guitar noise , and vocal fragments that was realized from various shows on the 1991 Neil Young and Crazy Horse US tour , which was originally released with Weld in a special-edition 3-CD set called Arc-Weld .   According to an interview with Steve Martin of Agnostic Front that appeared in the December 1991 issue of Pulse ! magazine , Arc had its genesis in a film that Young made called Muddy Track ( referred to in an interview with David Fricke in the November 28 , 1991 , issue of Rolling Stone ) , which consisted of the beginnings and endings of various songs from his 1987 European tour . Young placed a video camera on his amplifier during the 1987 tour and recorded the beginnings and endings of various songs , and later edited them down into the film 's soundtrack . `` It was the sound of the entire band being sucked into this little limiter , being compressed and fuckin ' distorted to hell , '' Young said to Martin , referring to the soundtrack of Muddy Track . Young then showed the video to Sonic Youth 's Thurston Moore , who suggested that he record an entire album in a similar manner . However , Arc was not recorded through video camera microphones , as was the case with Muddy Track , but instead was compiled from various professional multi-track recordings made throughout the tour .

neg: Neil Young (album) Neil Young is the self-titled debut studio album by Canadian musician Neil Young , which was his debut release as a solo artist following his departure from the band Buffalo Springfield . Released first on November 12 , 1968 , it was then partially remixed and re-released in January 1969 . In neither case did it appear on the Billboard 200 album chart .

neg: Neil Leyton Neil Leyton is a Portuguese-Canadian singer and guitarist born in Lisbon . He has lived and played music in Toronto , London , and Stockholm .   He was a founding member and songwriter in Canadian art-glam indie project The Conscience Pilate from 1995 to 1998 , beginning a solo career in 1999 . He is also the founder of the Fading Ways record label , one of the first to use Creative Commons licenses . Leyton was a vocal proponent of the Creative Commons giving several seminars and speaking at conferences about its possible uses in the music industry , including Music Tank ( London ) and Popkomm ( Berlin ) .   He has also played guitar for other musical projects live and in the studio , most notably British glam rockers Dogs D'Amour , Canadian rockers Crash Kelly ( fellow Canadian musician Sean Kelly 's band ) and Canadian power pop outfit Galore . He participated in a side-project with Ky Anto , titled Pretty Volume , and recorded an E.P. with fellow Canadian guitarist Rich Jones and The Wildhearts ' frontman Ginger in the UK . The Hellacopters 's Nicke Andersson and Backyard Babies 's guitarist Dregen were guests on Leyton 's The Betrayal of the Self album , released in 2006 via Feedback Boogie and Fading Ways Records .   In December 2008 he released an exclusive fans-only new album , Metacognitive Apperceptions . Leyton has also produced several independent recording sessions for artists such as Mark Fernyhough and Maria Pettersson .   In 2009 he participated in a new side project with The Hellacopters 's Nicke Andersson , called The Point , releasing a 7 '' vinyl single . He also co-wrote and sang on Andersson 's debut solo album Imperial State Electric , on the track `` Deja Vu '' , released in 2010 .   At the end of 2010 he released the Elite Nylon album . In early 2011 , AWALUK released the compilation Out of Synch , featuring mostly acoustic material from Leyton 's back-catalogue as well as some unreleased tracks .

neg: Young Artist Award The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged .   First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 21 in the fields of film , television , theater and music .   The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .

neg: Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts .   In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick .   In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label .   UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently .   Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music .   Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .

neg: Non-linear editing system Non-destructive editing is a form of audio , video or image editing where the original content is not modified in the course of editinginstead the edits themselves are specified and modified by specialized software . A pointer-based playlisteffectively an edit decision list ( EDL ) for video or a directed acyclic graph for still images is used to keep track of edits . Each time the edited audio , video , or image is rendered , played back , or accessed , it is reconstructed from the original source and the specified editing steps . Although this process is more computationally intensive than directly modifying the original content , changing the edits themselves can be almost instantaneous , and it prevents further generation loss as the audio , video , or image is edited .   A non-linear editing system ( NLE ) is a video ( NLVE ) or audio editing ( NLAE ) digital audio workstation ( DAW ) system that performs non-destructive editing on source material . The name is in contrast to 20th century methods of linear video editing and film editing .

neg: Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist .   It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . ''   The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist .   Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 .   Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year .   1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .

neg: Warning (Green Day album) Warning ( stylized as WARNING :) is the sixth studio album by American punk rock band Green Day , released on October 3 , 2000 by Reprise Records . Building upon its predecessor , Nimrod ( 1997 ) , the album eschewed the band 's trademark punk rock sound and incorporated acoustic elements and pop and folk styles . Lyrically , the record contains more optimistic and inspirational themes in comparison with the band 's earlier releases . Warning was also Green Day 's first album since Kerplunk ( 1992 ) that was not produced by Rob Cavallo , although he did have a hand in its production and was credited as executive producer .   Despite mixed criticism towards the band 's stylistic change , the album received mostly positive reviews from music critics , who praised vocalist/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong 's songwriting . Although it peaked at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart , Warning represented the lowest commercial slump in Green Day 's career , being the band 's first album since signing to a major record label not to achieve multi-platinum status . The album has nonetheless been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and , as of December 2012 , has sold 1.2 million copies . Warning was reissued on vinyl on July 14 , 2009 .

neg: We Die Young We Die Young is a single EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains , engineered and co-produced by Dave Jerden . It was released in July 1990 and is their first studio EP . This was a promo-only EP released on vinyl and cassette , and is thus a sought-after collector 's item amongst Alice in Chains fans .

neg: Jennifer Young Jennifer Young ( born August 21 , 1969 ) is an American film producer and photographer .

neg: In Too Deep (John Paul Young album) In Too Deep is the ninth studio album by Australian singer John Paul Young and first studio album in 10-years . The album was released in November 2006 . The album sees John reunite with his 70s hitmaker Harry Vanda as producer and principle songwriter , with whom he worked in the 1970s and became one of the biggest Australian stars .

neg: Smashing Young Man `` Smashing Young Man '' is a song by the American band Collective Soul . It is the third single from their second studio album Collective Soul . The song was written as an insult to Smashing Pumpkins lead singer , Billy Corgan , who accused Collective Soul of plagiarizing music .


query: Gemma Arterton performed in the film Clash of the Titans.

pos: Gemma Arterton Gemma Christina Arterton ( born 2 February 1986 ) is an English actress . Arterton made her film debut in the comedy film St Trinian 's ( 2007 ) . Her breakthrough role was in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace ( 2008 ) , playing Bond Girl Strawberry Fields , which won her an Empire Award for Best Newcomer . She is known for her roles in the fantasy films Clash of the Titans ( 2010 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Byzantium ( 2013 ) and as the character Gretel in Hansel and Gretel : Witch Hunters ( 2013 ) . She plays St. Joan in Bernard Shaw 's St. Joan at Donmar Warehouse , December 2016 . She plays the lead role in Their Finest ( 2017 ) .

neg: Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 .   Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) .   A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .

neg: Song for Marion Song for Marion ( released in the United States as Unfinished Song ) is a 2012 British-German comedy-drama film written and directed by Paul Andrew Williams and starring Terence Stamp , Gemma Arterton , Christopher Eccleston and Vanessa Redgrave .   The film was nominated for three awards -- Best Actor , Best Screenplay , and Best Supporting Actress -- at the 2012 British Independent Film Awards .

neg: Excalibur (film) Excalibur is a 1981 British epic fantasy war drama film directed , produced , and co-written by John Boorman that retells the legend of King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table , based solely on the 15th century Arthurian romance Le Morte d'Arthur by Thomas Malory . It stars Nigel Terry as Arthur , Nicol Williamson as Merlin , Nicholas Clay as Lancelot , Cherie Lunghi as Guenevere , Helen Mirren as Morgana , Liam Neeson as Gawain , Corin Redgrave as Cornwall , and Patrick Stewart as Leondegrance . The film is named after the legendary sword of King Arthur that features prominently in Arthurian literature . The film 's soundtrack features the music of Richard Wagner and Carl Orff , along with an original score by Trevor Jones .   Excalibur was shot entirely on location in Ireland , employing Irish actors and crew . It has been acknowledged for its importance to the Irish filmmaking industry and for helping launch the film and acting careers of a number of Irish and English actors , including Mirren , Neeson , Stewart , Gabriel Byrne , Neil Jordan , and Ciarán Hinds .   Excalibur achieved moderate box office success while receiving mixed reviews . Film critics Roger Ebert and Vincent Canby criticised the film 's plot and characters , although they and other reviewers praised its visual style . Excalibur opened at number one in the United States , eventually grossing $ 34,967,437 on a budget of around US$ 11 million to rank 18th in that year 's receipts .

neg: Romolo e Remo Romolo e Remo ( AKA : Duel of the Titans and Romulus and Remus ) is a 1961 film directed by Sergio Corbucci and starring Steve Reeves , Gordon Scott , and Virna Lisi .   Tagline : `` The Legendary Conflict of Mankind 's Mightiest Mortals ! ''

neg: Kaya Scodelario Kaya Scodelario-Davis ( born Kaya Rose Humphrey ; March 13 , 1992 ) is an English actress . She made her acting debut as Effy Stonem on the E4 teen drama Skins ( 2007-2010 ) , for which she received recognition and critical praise , garnering two Golden Nymph Award nominations for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series and two TV Quick Award nominations for Best Actress . Following her film debut in the science-fiction film Moon ( 2009 ) and a role in the fantasy adventure film Clash of the Titans ( 2010 ) , Scodelario was nominated for the Glamour Award for PANDORA Breakthrough for her portrayal of Catherine Earnshaw in the 2011 film adaptation of Emily Brontë 's novel Wuthering Heights .   In 2013 , Scodelario reprised the role of Effy in Skins Fire , and gained the supporting role of Anna Salter in the Channel 4 television drama Southcliffe ( 2013 ) ; she was nominated for both for the UK TV Actress Award at the 2014 GLAMOUR Women of the Year Awards . She gained wider recognition for her starring role as Teresa Agnes in dystopian science-fiction thriller The Maze Runner ( 2014 ) , which garnered her a third Glamour Award nomination for NEXT Breakthrough and a Teen Choice Award nomination for Choice Movie Actress : Action . She reprised the role in Maze Runner : The Scorch Trials ( 2015 ) and will reprise it again in Maze Runner : The Death Cure ( 2018 ) .   Scodelario starred as Carina Smyth in Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Men Tell No Tales , which was released May 26 , 2017 . Since 2015 , Scodelario has been married to American actor Benjamin Walker , with whom she has a son .

neg: Fish Tank (film) Fish Tank is a 2009 British drama film written and directed by Andrea Arnold . The film is about Mia Williams , a volatile and socially isolated 15-year-old who lives with her single mother , Joanne . The mother 's new boyfriend , Conor , becomes attracted to Mia and has sex with her . Fish Tank was well-received and won the Jury Prize at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival . It also won the 2010 BAFTA for Best British Film . It was filmed in the Mardyke Estate in Havering , the town of Tilbury , and the A13 , and funded by BBC Films and the UK Film Council . The film was theatrically released on 11 September 2009 by Curzon Artificial Eye .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role .   It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) .   Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .

neg: Miranda Harcourt Miranda Catherine Millais Harcourt ( born 1962 ) is a New Zealand actress and acting coach . She is the daughter of actress Dame Kate Harcourt .   Harcourt 's acting career began playing boy character on Radio New Zealand in the early 1970s . She is best known for her role as `` Gemma '' in the 1980s TV drama series Gloss . Harcourt spent three years acting on the show , and her character was so despicable that people spat at and insulted Harcourt in public . Harcourt received a nomination in the 1989 Film and TV Awards for best actress for the role .   Harcourt has starred in countless productions across New Zealand and in Australia . The exhaustive and comprehensive list can be found at Theatre Aotearoa Database .

neg: Foster (film) Foster ( also known as Angel in the House ) is a 2011 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Jonathan Newman , based on his 2005 short film . Part of it was shot at Legoland Windsor in April 2010 . The film stars Golden Globe winner Toni Collette , Ioan Gruffudd , Richard E. Grant , BAFTA Award winner Hayley Mills and Maurice Cole .

neg: Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution .   The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score .   The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .

neg: The Clash: Westway to the World The Clash : Westway to the World is a 2000 documentary film about the British punk rock band The Clash . In 2003 it won the Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video .   Directed by Don Letts , the film combines old footage from the band 's personal collection filmed in 1982 when The Clash went to New York City with new interviews conducted for the film by Mal Peachey of members Mick Jones , Paul Simonon , Topper Headon , and Joe Strummer and other people associated with the group ( including founding drummer Terry Chimes ) .   Although The Clash : Westway to the World ostensibly provides an overview of the band 's history , the film implies that The Clash broke up in 1983 when Mick Jones left the band , making no mention of the post-Jones version of the band that existed between 1983 and 1986 , nor the album that iteration produced ( Cut the Crap ) . Danny Garcia 's 2012 documentary film The Rise and Fall of The Clash covers this period in some depth , placing an emphasis on the band 's declining years and the repercussions of Mick Jones ' ouster . Garcia 's film also features interviews with latter-day Clash members Pete Howard , Nick Sheppard , and Vince White .

neg: Aron Anazia Aron Anazia is a Designer and a Classically Trained ACTOR . From the town of Landover Hills , Aron has always had an interest for the Arts and Sciences . He would participate in Theatrical & Modeling performances but slowed down to focus more on the sciences , as he was placed in Advanced Chemistry courses in High School .   So he applied to North Carolina Agricultural And Technical State University as a Chemistry Major . By his third year in University , Aron was featured in 4 out 4 of the Universities Major Theatrical productions as a Non-Theater Major .   Aron also studied abroad , interned at the University Radio Station ( WNAA 90.1 ) , and Acted as a liaison between Capital records and his fellow students . After his study at North Carolina Agricultural And Technical State University , Aron decided to go to London to become a Classically trained Actor , thanks to the late-great Frankie Day   A couple great Actors who have trained with this historically relevant training facility include : James Lithgow , Benedict Cummberbatch , Chiwetel Ejiofor , and David Oyelowo .   Once in London , Aron yearned to experiment with the sciences again . From experimenting in brewery to Acting to Sonic Design , Aron yearned to excel inside and outside of the classroom .   He then left the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts to film an independent ( experimental ) feature entitled `` You Changed The World . ''   While filming in East Africa , Aron decided to do something considered a little off-center and decided to dabble in music back in the States again .   While in the U.S , Aron connected with a lot of lost friends . While producing `` basement infused sonic designs '' Aron discovered a sound and a style that he decided to safeguard . With the support of his friends and family , he released a sonic collection entitled `` Training Music . ''   As if that was n't enough , he then decided to retire from music production all together in order to produce ` Design Films . '

neg: '71 (film) '71 is a 2014 British historical thriller film set in Northern Ireland , written by Gregory Burke and directed by Yann Demange . It stars Jack O'Connell , Sean Harris , David Wilmot , Richard Dormer , Paul Anderson and Charlie Murphy , and tells the story of a British soldier who becomes separated from his unit during a riot in Belfast at the height of the Troubles in 1971 . Filming began on location in Blackburn , Lancashire , in April 2013 and continued in Sheffield and Liverpool . The film was funded by the British Film Institute , Film4 , Creative Scotland and Screen Yorkshire . The film had its premiere in the competition section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival , held in February 2014 .

neg: Genesis Theatre Genesis Theatre were an amateur theatre group that existed from 1975 to 1982 in the Greater Manchester area . The name was taken from the book of Genesis , because when they started out they were literally at their beginning .   The group were known for attempting large productions more commonly associated with professional theatre groups ( such as the Who 's Tommy and an aborted first attempt at Jeff Wayne 's the War of the Worlds ) as well as several original musicals . They had several premieres amongst their productions , some being Amateur World Premieres , others simply Amateur North West Premieres .   The two key members were Chris Fogg ( Writer and Director ) and Chris Dumigan ( Musical Director ) . However the most well known former members are Mike Shaft ( who has his own radio station Radio Sunset ) and Louis Emerick ( who appeared in the Channel 4 soap opera Brookside BBC 's Casualty and many programmes besides ) .   The most critically well received show was the Who 's Tommy , which was the first North West stage presentation of the concept album and was approved by Pete Townshend . At the same time Townshend had given his sanction for a Southern Amateur company to present Tommy ; they beat Genesis Theatre to the stage by a matter of a few weeks . It was their production that Townshend saw and eventually took to the professional stage .   There was an aborted attempt to put on the first theatre performance of Jeff Wayne 's the War of the Worlds at the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester . This needed a reasonable budget and a sponsor was found in Renault . However two weeks before the initial performance Renault were taken over by a new company , who - refusing to pay towards any sponsorship - withdrew their funding , and the show was cancelled . Interestingly it was never put onto the live stage until 2005 , when Jeff Wayne finally toured with his own version of the complete musical .   Unsurprisingly the original musicals Stag and Marilyn are the ones discussed most often by former members .   Stag is a complex story about the half-man half-beast god Herne the Hunter seducing a woman .  Marilyn tells the story of an actress who plays the part of Marilyn Monroe and finds her life tragically mirroring her predecessor .   In 1979 Mike Mansfield , who was well known at the time for TV programmes such as Supersonic , expressed an interest in the group . He provided the funding for the group to go into the studio and record Stag , this caught the attention of Robert Stigwood who was the then manager of the Bee Gees , who had recently peaked with their Saturday Night Fever album . There were reports that Chris Fogg and Chris Dumigan were about to be signed , but when the Bee Gees sued their manager , this stopped dead any hopes of Stigwood having the necessary cash to fund Stag , so the idea was permanently shelved .   Genesis Theatre effectively ended in 1982 when Chris Fogg moved from Greater Manchester to Somerset . It was generally felt that the group were no longer moving forward and had either missed their lucky break or it was never going to arrive after 7 years . Several principal members have since died , including Graham Brittain ( Chairman ) , Nicky Baird ( Principal Cast Member ) and Mike Bonwick ( Bass player ) .   Chris Dumigan still lives in the Greater Manchester area as do several other former members and there are regular reunions .   In 2003 , Chris Dumigan wrote his memoirs of Genesis Theatre and can be found along with similar biographies by Chris Fogg , Guy Taylor , Alison Davis , Anita King and Alan Ratcliff on the website at www.genesistheatre.co.uk , along with hundreds of photographs of all the shows they did . There has also been some restoration work performed on the studio recordings of Stag and a live recording of Marilyn . Moreover , as most of the shows were recorded at least once during the live performances to stereo cassette , these have all now been transferred to a program that cleans up recordings , during which the recordings were de - hissed and maximised in a number of ways to make the end result as dynamic as possible.Then they have been transferred to CDs . Everyone of the shows listed above that were actually staged ( except ` Shakespeare 's Greatest Hit ' , and '' And Afterwards at ... ' ) have at least one full live recording in the archives , and in the case of ` You 're A Good Man Charlie Brown , the Royal Exchange performance exists on DVD . For any further information contact Chris Dumigan

neg: The Theory of Everything (2014 film) The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking , which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband , theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking , his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS , also known as Lou Gehrig 's disease or motor neurone disease ) , and his success in physics .   The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox , Emily Watson , Simon McBurney , Christian McKay , Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014 .   The film was acclaimed critically worldwide , with praise for the musical score , cinematography and the performance of Felicity Jones and especially Eddie Redmayne , which earned him nominations for a variety of accolades in award shows and film festivals , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson . It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations , winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne . It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film , Best Leading Actor ( for Redmayne ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( for McCarten ) .

neg: Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture .   This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were :   1988 Sir Peter Hall  1989 Dame Ninette de Valois  1990 Sir Michael Tippett  1991 Sir David Lean  1992 Sir John Mills  1993 Sir Peter Ustinov  1994 Sir John Drummond  1995 Sir Peter Wright  1996 Sir Richard Eyre  1997 Dame Judi Dench  1998 Sir Edward Downes  1999 Harold Pinter  2000 Dame Alicia Markova  2001 Paul Scofield  2002 Sir Alfred Brendel  2003 Sir Ian McKellen  2004 Mike Leigh  2005 Alan Bennett  2006 Dame Helen Mirren  2007 Sir Tom Stoppard  2008 Peter Brook  2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn  2010 Ken Loach  2011 Stephen Sondheim  2013 Grayson Perry  2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner  2015 Dame Maggie Smith   Category : Performing arts awards

neg: Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award .   In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman .   In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent .   In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination .   Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .

neg: 2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 .  Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show .   One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .

neg: Clash of the Titans (franchise) Clash of the Titans is a British -- American fantasy action media franchise based on characters and myths of Ancient Greek mythology . The first film , Clash of the Titans , was released in 1981 with a remake made in 2010 . The remake spawned a sequel , Wrath of the Titans , in 2012 .