query: Me Before You takes place in the UK.

pos: Me Before You (film) Me Before You is a 2016 British-American romantic drama film directed by Thea Sharrock as her directorial debut and adapted by English author Jojo Moyes from her 2012 novel of the same name . The film stars Emilia Clarke , Sam Claflin , Steve Peacocke , Jenna Coleman , Charles Dance , Matthew Lewis , Janet McTeer , Vanessa Kirby and Joanna Lumley .   Set in the UK , the film is shot in various historic locations around the country , including Pembroke Castle in Wales , and Chenies Manor House in Buckinghamshire , England . The film was released on June 3 , 2016 , in the US , received mixed reviews on Metacritic and grossed $ 207 million worldwide .

neg: Before After Before After is the seventh studio album by the English synthpop band Heaven 17 . It was originally released in September 2005 , on the label Ninthwave , nine years after their previous album , Bigger Than America .   The album reached # 6 on the Billboard Magazine Club Play Chart in April 2006 . In September 2008 , the band 's cover of Blue Öyster Cult 's `` Do n't Fear the Reaper '' was featured on the American dark fantasy television series True Blood . A number of remixes of tracks from the album have appeared on online digital services such as iTunes and Amazon.com . It was the final album to feature founding member Ian Craig Marsh due to his decision to retire from music in 2007 .

neg: The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name .  The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement .   It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films .   Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates .   Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) .   The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .

neg: England Made Me England Made Me may refer to :   England Made Me ( novel ) , a 1935 novel by Graham Greene  England Made Me ( film ) , a 1973 film adaptation of the novel  England Made Me , a 1991 album by Cath Carroll  England Made Me ( album ) , a 1998 album by Black Box Recorder

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: Before You Love Me `` Before You Love Me '' is a song by Alsou , her first single released from her first album , Alsou . It was released on April 30 , 2001 , in Australia and the United Kingdom , and a few weeks later in May 2001 in various countries throughout Europe .   The single failed to chart in Australia . In the United Kingdom it peaked at number twenty-seven .   A lack of promotional support from Alsou 's record company meant that no further releases occurred in either Australia or the United Kingdom , with the impending release of the Alsou album cancelled in both regions . The single was , however , effective in producing the hype it needed throughout Europe for the album to be released and proper promotion to take place .

neg: Southend-on-Sea Southend-on-Sea , commonly referred to as simply Southend , is a town and wider unitary authority area with borough status in southeastern Essex , England . It lies on the north side of the Thames Estuary , 40 mi east of central London . It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point . It is home to the longest leisure pier in the world , Southend Pier . London Southend Airport is located 1.5 NM north of the town centre .   Southend-on-Sea originally consisted of a few poor fisherman huts and farms at the southern end of the village of Prittlewell . In the 1790s the first buildings around what was to become the High Street of Southend were completed . In the 19th century Southend 's status of a seaside resort grew after a visit from Princess Caroline of Brunswick , and Southend Pier was constructed . From the 1960s onwards the town declined as a holiday destination . Southend was reinvented as the home of the Access credit card , due to it having one of the UK 's first electronic telephone exchanges . After the 1960s much of the town centre was developed for commerce and retail , and many original structures were lost to redevelopment . An annual seafront airshow , started in 1986 when it featured a flypast by Concorde on a passenger charter flight , used to take place each May and became one of Europe 's largest free airshows . The show has not been held since 2012 due to a lack of sponsorship .

neg: BBC Television BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The corporation has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927 . It produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932 , although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936 .   The BBC 's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30 % of all UK viewing . The services are funded by a television licence .   As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement , the BBC Television division was split , with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television ( channels and genre commissioning , BBC Sport , BBC Three and BBC iPlayer ) being renamed as BBC Content .

neg: West Lothian question The West Lothian question , also known as the English question , refers to whether MPs from Northern Ireland , Scotland and Wales , sitting in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom , should be able to vote on matters that affect only England , while MPs from England are unable to vote on matters that have been devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly , the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly . The term `` West Lothian question '' was coined by Enoch Powell MP in 1977 after Tam Dalyell , the Labour MP for the Scottish constituency of West Lothian , raised the matter repeatedly in House of Commons debates on devolution .   In 2011 the Government of the United Kingdom set up a commission to examine the question . The Commission on the consequences of devolution for the House of Commons , chaired by former Clerk of the House of Commons Sir William McKay , published a report in 2013 which proposed various procedural changes , including that legislation which affects only England should require the support of a majority of MPs representing English constituencies ( `` English votes for English laws '' ) . Following the election of a Conservative government in the 2015 general election , new parliamentary procedures and a Legislative Grand Committee were enacted .

neg: Pennsylvania, Exeter Pennsylvania is a suburb situated on the high ground to the north of the city of Exeter in the county of Devon , England . It lies between the ancient deer park of Duryardand Stoke Hill and was the last area of the city to be developed , because of its steep-sided valleys . It was named after the US state by Joseph Sparkes , a Quaker banker who built the first terrace there in about 1820 .   Its southern slopes , nearest to the city , include many spacious late Victorian and Edwardian houses , while on the steep higher hills , heading north out of Exeter , the housing is mainly 1920s -- 1970s , with a few newer estates on the city 's extremities .   Its proximity within walking distance of Exeter University has made it popular with academics and students . J. K. Rowling was a resident of Pennsylvania while a student at Exeter University in the late 1980s .

neg: History of journalism in the United Kingdom The history of journalism in the United Kingdom includes the gathering and transmitting of news , spans the growth of technology and trade , marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis . In the analysis of historians , it involves the steady increase of  the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted .   Newspapers have always been the primary medium of journalists since 1700 , with magazines added in the 18th century , radio and television in the 20th century , and the Internet in the 21st century . London has always been the main center of British journalism , followed at a distance by Edinburgh , Belfast , Dublin , and regional cities .

neg: Me Me Me (band) Me Me Me were a short-lived English Britpop supergroup formed in 1996 , consisting of Alex James of Blur ( vocals , bass ) , Stephen Duffy ( vocals , guitar ) previously of Duran Duran/The Lilac Time and Justin Welch of Elastica ( drums ) , and James ' friend Charlie Bloor ( credited as `` musician '' ) . The band 's first , and only single , `` Hanging Around '' was released on 5 August 1996 and reached Number 19 on the UK Singles Chart .   `` Hanging Around '' was released on 7-inch single ( DUFF005 ) and cassette ( DUFF005C ) , also featuring `` Hollywood Wives '' , and on CD-single with a third track , `` Tabitha 's Island '' ( DUFF005CD ) . There were also promotional versions released in July 1996 on 12-inch single ( DOLE041 ) and CD-single ( DOLE044 ) . The tracks were originally recorded as a soundtrack for Damien Hirst 's film Hanging Around , first shown at the Spellbound Exhibition , which took place at London 's Hayward Gallery in March 1996 .   The lead track was produced by the band . The other tracks were produced by Stephen Street .

neg: London Borough of Croydon The London Borough of Croydon is a London borough in south London , England and is part of Outer London . It covers an area of 87 km2 and is the largest London borough by population . It is the southernmost borough of London . At its centre is the historic town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name . Croydon is mentioned in Domesday Book , and from a small market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London . Croydon is the civic centre of the borough . The borough is now one of London 's leading business , financial and cultural centres , and its influence in entertainment and the arts contribute to its status as a major metropolitan centre .   Formed in 1965 from the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and the County Borough of Croydon , the local authority Croydon London Borough Council , is now part of the local government association for Greater London , London Councils . The economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as a business centre . Once London 's main airport for all international flights to and from the capital , it was closed on 30 September 1959 due to the lack of expansion space needed for an airport to serve the growing city . It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction . Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954 , 2000 , 2002 and 2012 . The area is currently going through a large regeneration project called Croydon Vision 2020 which is predicted to attract more businesses and tourists to the area as well as backing Croydon 's bid to become London 's Third City ( after ` The City ' and Westminster ) . Croydon is mostly urban , though there are large suburban and rural uplands in the south . Since 2003 Croydon has been certified as a Fairtrade borough by the Fairtrade Foundation . It was the first London Borough to have Fairtrade status which is awarded on certain criteria .   The area is one of the hearts of culture in London and the South East of England . Institutions such as the major arts and entertainment centre Fairfield Halls add to the vibrancy of the borough . However , its famous fringe theatre `` the Warehouse Theatre '' was put under administration in 2012 when the council withdrew its funding and the building itself was demolished in 2013 . The Croydon Clocktower was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 as an arts venue featuring a library , the independent David Lean Cinema ( closed by the council in 2011 after 16 years of operating , but now partially reopened on a part-time and volunteers basis ) and museum . From 2000 to 2010 , Croydon staged an annual summer festival celebrating the area 's black and Indian cultural diversity , with audiences reaching over 50,000 people . An internet radio station , Croydon Radio , is run by local people for the area . The borough is also home to its own local TV station , Croydon TV . Premier League football club Crystal Palace F.C. play at Selhurst Park in South Norwood , a stadium they have been based in since 1924 . Other landmarks in the borough include Addington Palace , an 18th-century mansion which became the official second residence of six archbishops , Shirley Windmill , one of the few surviving large windmills in Greater London built in the 1850s , and the BRIT School , a creative arts institute run by the BRIT Trust which has produced artists such as Adele , Amy Winehouse and Leona Lewis .

neg: Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture .   British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital .   The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine .   The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .

neg: Economy of Devon Devon has the 19th largest economy in England out of 46 ceremonial counties . Situated in the region of South West England , it is a maritime county . Like neighbouring Cornwall to the west , Devon is disadvantaged economically compared to other parts of southern England , owing to the decline of a number of core industries , notably fishing , mining and farming . Consequently , most of Devon has qualified for the European Community 's Objective 2 status , particularly around Exmoor , Bideford Bay and the Hartland Point peninsula which is somewhat cut off from industrial Britain due to poor road and rail transport links . These areas of North Devon are , however , only around 50 mi by boat from Swansea in Wales . A proposal which has the backing of both the Welsh Assembly Government and the South West Regional Assembly , as well as Devon County Council , is a year-round ferry service from either Ilfracombe or Bideford to Swansea , which it is hoped would stimulate economic growth in both South West Wales and the North coast of Devon and Cornwall .   The 2001 UK foot and mouth crisis harmed the farming community severely .   The attractive lifestyle of the area is drawing in new industries which are not heavily dependent upon geographical location ; Dartmoor , for instance , has recently seen a significant rise in the percentage of its inhabitants involved in the financial services sector . In 2003 , the Met Office , the UK 's national and international weather service , moved to Exeter .  Devon is one of the rural counties , with the advantages and challenges characteristic of these . Despite this , the county 's economy is also heavily influenced by its two main urban centres , Plymouth and Exeter . Nearly half of the holdings of the Duchy of Cornwall are in Devon , including a large area of farmland .   Since the rise of seaside resorts with the arrival of the railways in the 19th century , Devon 's economy has been heavily reliant on tourism . The county 's economy has followed the declining trend of British seaside resorts since the mid 20th century , with some recent revival . This revival has been aided by the designation of much of Devon 's countryside and coastline as the Dartmoor and Exmoor national parks , and the Jurassic Coast and Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Sites . In 2004 the county 's tourist revenue was # 1.2 billion .   The Met Office is in Exeter as is Connaught plc , and Pennon Group , the water company . The Wrigley Company ( chewing gum ) and HMNB Devonport ( the largest naval base in western Europe ) are in Plymouth . Torquay was home to Beverage Brands , the producers of WKD Original Vodka . Britannia Royal Naval College is at Dartmouth .

neg: You to Me Are Everything `` You to Me Are Everything '' is a single by the British soul group The Real Thing . Written by Ken Gold and Michael Denne and produced by Ken Gold , `` You to Me Are Everything '' was The Real Thing 's sole number-one single in the UK Singles chart , spending three weeks at the top in July 1976 . A remixed version of the song returned to the chart in March 1986 reaching number five .   The song was a minor hit in the U.S. where it peaked at number 64 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and number 28 on the Billboard R&B chart . One of the reasons for its lack of success in the U.S. was the flood of cover versions of the song released at the same time . American groups Broadway and Revelation both released versions of the song the same week , and at one point all three versions of the song appeared on Billboard Hot 100 and R&B charts . With radio and the public unable to agree on a single popular version , the three singles effectively prevented each other from becoming a hit .   The song was subsequently covered by Frankie Valli , Sonia , Tiny Tim , Public Enemy , Sean Maguire and Andy Abraham . In 1997 , the Italian songwriter Marina Rei successfully recorded `` Primavera '' ( `` Spring '' ) , an Italian version of `` You to Me Are Everything '' . A Finnish version entitled `` Ei enempää voi pyytää '' was recorded in 1978 by Petri Pettersson .

neg: Croydon Croydon is a large town in south London , England , 9.5 mi south of Charing Cross . The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon , it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London , with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy . Its population of 52,104 at the 2011 census includes the wards of Addiscombe , Broad Green and Fairfield .   Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey , at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church , a mill , and around 365 inhabitants , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production , leather tanning and brewing . The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world 's first public railway . Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon 's growth as a commuter town for London . By the early 20th century , Croydon was an important industrial area , known for car manufacture , metal working and Croydon Airport . In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy , brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre , the largest shopping centre in London until 2008 . Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965 .   Croydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England , to the north of two gaps in the North Downs , one followed by the A23 Brighton Road through Purley and Merstham and the main railway line and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange . Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre , mostly consisting of the North End . East Croydon is a major hub of the national railway transport system , with frequent fast services to central London , Brighton and the south coast . The town is unique in Greater London for its Tramlink light rail transport system .

neg: LGBT rights in Northern Ireland Lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ( LGBT ) rights in Northern Ireland are the least advanced in the United Kingdom . It was the last country in the United Kingdom to legalise same-sex sexual activity , the last to end a lifetime ban on blood donations by men who have sex with men and remains the only region of the United Kingdom or Ireland to prohibit same-sex marriage . Progress has mostly come during direct rule by the Government of the United Kingdom or through court action rather than local legislative reform , due to the veto power wielded by the anti-LGBT Democratic Unionist Party under Northern Ireland 's power-sharing system . ILGA rates Northern Ireland as the worst place in the United Kingdom for LGBT people , with 74 % equality of rights compared to 86 % LGBT equality in the United Kingdom overall and 92 % equality in Scotland . LGBT rights campaigner Peter Tatchell describes Northern Ireland as `` the most homophobic place in western Europe '' .   Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1982 and the age of consent has been equal for all forms of sexual activity since 2001 . Civil partnerships have been available for same-sex couples since 2005 . Same-sex marriage has been voted on five times by the Northern Ireland Assembly , and although it was passed by a slim majority on the fifth attempt , it was vetoed by the Democratic Unionist Party using the petition of concern . Same-sex marriages performed outside Northern Ireland are recognised as civil partnerships within its borders . Same-sex couples have also been granted full adoption rights since 2013 .

neg: Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .

neg: History of Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant communities in the United Kingdom . Significant numbers of ethnic Bengali and ethnic Sylheti peoples arrived as early as the 17th century , mostly as lascar seamen working on ships . Following the founding of Bangladesh in 1971 , a large immigration to Britain took place during the 1970s , leading to the establishment of a British Bangladeshi community . Bangladeshis were encouraged to move to Britain during that decade because of changes in immigration laws , natural disasters such as the Bhola cyclone , the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan , and the desire to escape poverty , and the perception of a better living led Sylheti men bringing their families.Murshid , Ghulam . 2008 . The call of the sea : History of Bangali in Britain -LSB- in Bengali : Kalapanir hatchani : Bilete  Bangaleer itihash -RSB- ( Dhaka , Abosar ) . During the 1970s and 1980s , they experienced institutionalised racism and racial attacks by organised ultra-right fascist groups such as National Front and British Nationalist Party .

neg: When in Rome, Kill Me When in Rome , Kill Me is the debut album by the Leeds-based indie rock band Cud and released through Imaginary Records The album was recorded during March 1989 at the Woodhouse Studios in Leeds with Alaric Neville and Richard Formby handling production .   Side 1 of the LP ( first seven songs on CD ) are linked by short narrative segments ( narrated by Cud 's drummer Steve Goodwin 's landlord John Farrell and Elizabeth Cuthbertson as Bibi ) such that the first half of the album loosely forms a single story . In this story , it is implied that the protagonist flees Whitby to Rome after committing some undisclosed crime . There he is reunited with Bibi , possibly an accomplice in the crime , with whom he sleeps , but the following morning he wakes to find Bibi has left and grassed him to the police . We leave the protagonist drunk in a bar , as police sirens approach , with him rueing , `` I would have got away with it , if it had n't been for those b * stard , b * stard meddling kids . ''   `` Only ( A Prawn in Whitby ) '' was supposedly inspired by a chance encounter by Cud 's manager with Morrissey . Allegedly , the vegetarian lead singer of the Smiths was seen partaking of a single prawn . The story is now accepted to be aprocryphal .   The album reached number three in the UK Indie Chart in 1989 .


query: Theodore Roosevelt founded the "Bull Moose" Party.

pos: Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( -LSB- ˈroʊzəvɛlt -RSB- ; October 27 , 1858 -- January 6 , 1919 ) was an American statesman , author , explorer , soldier , naturalist , and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909 . He also served as the 25th Vice President of the United States and as the 33rd Governor of New York . As a leader of the Republican Party during this time , he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century . His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore , alongside those of George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , and Abraham Lincoln .   Roosevelt was born a sickly child with debilitating asthma , but he successfully overcame his physical health problems by embracing a strenuous lifestyle . He integrated his exuberant personality , vast range of interests , and world-famous achievements into a `` cowboy '' persona defined by robust masculinity . Home-schooled , he began a lifelong naturalist avocation before attending Harvard College . His book , The Naval War of 1812 ( 1882 ) , established his reputation as both a learned historian and as a popular writer . Upon entering politics , he became the leader of the reform faction of Republicans in New York 's state legislature . Following the near-simultaneous deaths of his wife and mother , he escaped to a cattle ranch in the Dakotas . Roosevelt served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President William McKinley , but resigned from that post to lead the Rough Riders during the Spanish -- American War . Returning a war hero , he was elected Governor of New York in 1898 . After the death of Vice President Garret Hobart , the New York state party leadership convinced McKinley to accept Roosevelt as his running mate in the 1900 election , moving Roosevelt to the prestigious but powerless role of vice president . Roosevelt campaigned vigorously and the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket won a landslide victory based on a platform of peace , prosperity , and conservatism .   Following McKinley 's assassination in September 1901 , Roosevelt became president at age 42 , and remains the youngest president . As a leader of the Progressive movement , he championed his `` Square Deal '' domestic policies , promising the average citizen fairness , breaking of trusts , regulation of railroads , and pure food and drugs . Making conservation a top priority , he established a myriad of new national parks , forests , and monuments intended to preserve the nation 's natural resources . In foreign policy , he focused on Central America , where he began construction of the Panama Canal . He expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project the United States ' naval power around the globe . His successful efforts to broker the end of the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize . He avoided the controversial tariff and money issues . Elected in 1904 to a full term , Roosevelt continued to promote progressive policies , but many of his efforts and much of his legislative agenda were eventually blocked in Congress . Roosevelt successfully groomed his close friend , William Howard Taft , and Taft won the 1908 presidential election to succeed him . In polls of historians and political scientists , Roosevelt is generally ranked as one of the five best presidents .   Frustrated with Taft 's conservatism , Roosevelt belatedly tried to win the 1912 Republican nomination . He failed , walked out , and founded a third party , the Progressive , so-called `` Bull Moose '' Party , which called for wide-ranging progressive reforms . The split allowed the Democrats to win the White House and a majority in both houses of Congress . Following his election defeat , Roosevelt led a two-year expedition to the Amazon basin , where he nearly died of tropical disease . During World War I , he criticized President Woodrow Wilson for keeping the country out of the war with Germany , and his offer to lead volunteers to France was rejected . Though he had considered running for president again in 1920 , Roosevelt 's health continued to deteriorate , and he died in 1919 .

neg: Dawes Act The Dawes Act of 1887 ( also known as the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ) ,  adopted by Congress in 1887 , authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians . Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship . The Dawes Act was amended in 1891 , in 1898 by the Curtis Act , and again in 1906 by the Burke Act .   The Act was named for its creator , Senator Henry Laurens Dawes of Massachusetts . The objectives of the Dawes Act were to lift the Native Americans out of poverty , to stimulate assimilation of them into mainstream American society , and to transfer lands under Indian control to white settlers . Individual household ownership of land and subsistence farming on the European-American model was seen as an essential step . The act provided that the government would classify as `` excess '' those Indian reservation lands remaining after allotments , and sell those lands on the open market , allowing purchase and settlement by non-Native Americans .   The Dawes Commission , set up under an Indian Office appropriation bill in 1893 , was created to try to persuade the Five Civilized Tribes to agree to allotment plans . ( They had been excluded from the Dawes Act by their treaties . ) This commission registered the members of the Five Civilized Tribes on what became known as the Dawes Rolls .   The Curtis Act of 1898 amended the Dawes Act to extend its provisions to the Five Civilized Tribes ; it required abolition of their governments , allotment of communal lands to people registered as tribal members , and sale of lands declared surplus , as well as dissolving tribal courts . This completed the extinguishment of tribal land titles in Indian Territory , preparing it to be admitted to the Union as the state of Oklahoma .   During the ensuing decades , the Five Civilized Tribes lost 90 million acres of former communal lands , which were sold to non-Natives . In addition , many individuals , unfamiliar with land ownership , became the target of speculators and criminals , were stuck with allotments that were too small for profitable farming , and lost their household lands . Tribe members also suffered from the breakdown of the social structure of the tribes .   During the Great Depression , the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration supported passage on June 18 , 1934 of the US Indian Reorganization Act ( also known as the Wheeler-Howard Law ) . It ended land allotment and created a `` New Deal '' for Indians , renewing their rights to reorganize and form their self-governments .

neg: Manitoba Labour Party The Manitoba Labour Party ( MLP ) was a reformist , non-Marxist labour party in Manitoba , Canada . It was created in early May 1910 as a successor to the province 's second Independent Labour Party ( 1906 -- 08 ) . Former Member of Parliament Arthur Puttee was a leading MLP organizer . The party fielded one candidate in the 1910 provincial election , and also ran candidates at the municipal level .   The party 's founding convention declared that `` the ultimate object of attainment shall be to preserve to the worker the full product of his toil '' . The ambiguity of this statement was criticized by the more radical Socialist Party of Canada ( SPC ) , which called for collective ownership in industry .   After the SPC nominated candidates for Winnipeg North and Winnipeg West in the 1910 provincial election , the MLP sought to prevent confrontation and vote-splitting by fielding only one candidate of their own : Fred Dixon in Winnipeg Centre . Dixon was a moderate reformer , and campaigned in an unofficial alliance with the Manitoba Liberal Party . He was bitterly opposed by the SPC , which belatedly nominated W.S. Cummings to run against him as a spoiler .   Dixon lost to the Conservative Party incumbent , Thomas Taylor , by seventy-three votes . Cummings 's ninety-nine votes may have made the difference in the outcome . The SPC was widely blamed for Dixon 's loss , and became marginalized in Winnipeg 's labour community for the next eight years .   The Manitoba Labour Party dissolved after the 1910 election . In 1912 , its leaders formed the Manitoba Labour Representation Committee .

neg: Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia The Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia is a comprehensive project to publish , in one collection , the significant sayings , important conversations and writings ( less his letters ) of the 26th President of the United States , Theodore Roosevelt . Originally conceived by Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart , a history professor at Harvard University , a personal friend of Roosevelt and member of the Roosevelt Memorial Association , now known as the Theodore Roosevelt Association , Hart 's goal was , in his words , to `` present in alphabetical arrangement , extracts sufficiently numerous and comprehensive to display all the phases of ( Theodore ) Roosevelt 's activities and opinions as expressed by him . '' A primitive on-line version of the original work is also maintained by the TRA . Online but quite primitive version of the Cyclopedia at the Theodore Roosevelt Association web site with no look-up features

neg: United States House of Representatives elections, 1934 The 1934 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's first term . The Democratic Party continued its progress , gaining another 9 net seats from the opposition Republican Party , who also lost seats to the Progressive Party . The Republicans were reduced below one-fourth of the chamber for the first time since the creation of the party . The Wisconsin Progressive Party , a liberal group which allied with the Democrats , also became a force in Wisconsin politics .   The 1934 elections can be seen as a referendum on New Deal policies . While conservatives and people among the middle class who did not bear the brunt of the depression saw New Deal programs as radical , ordinary people overwhelmingly voted in this election cycle to continue implementation of Roosevelt 's agenda . In addition , this was the first time in modern history that the President 's party gained seats in a midterm year when historically the President 's party usually loses seats . ( This would n't happen again until 1998 and 2002 . )

neg: Whitmell P. Martin Whitmell Pugh Martin ( August 12 , 1867 -- April 6 , 1929 ) was a U.S. Representative from Louisiana . Although he later served most of his congressional career as a Democrat , Martin was first elected as a `` Bull Moose '' Progressive in 1914 . He is the only individual ever to represent Louisiana in Congress as a member of that party .   Born near Napoleonville , Assumption Parish , Louisiana , to Robert Campbell Martin and Margerite Chism ( Littlejohn ) Martin , Whitmell attended the public schools and was privately tutored . He graduated from the Louisiana State University in 1888 . He was a professor of chemistry at Kentucky Military Institute in 1889 and 1890 . He worked as a chemist for Imperial Sugar at Sugar Land , Texas , in 1890 and 1891 .   Martin studied law at the University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , in 1891 and 1892 . He was admitted to the bar in 1892 and commenced practice in Napoleonville , Louisiana . He moved to Thibodaux , Louisiana , the same year and continued the practice of law . From 1894 to 1900 , he was superintendent of schools for Lafourche Parish , Louisiana . On April 14 , 1896 he married Amy Williamson . He served as district attorney for the 20th judicial district of Louisiana from 1900 to 1906 and judge of the same district from 1906 to 1914 .   Elected in 1914 as a `` Bull Moose '' Progressive to the Sixty-fourth and Sixty-fifth Congresses , Martin was the last non-Democrat to represent Louisiana in Congress prior to the election of Republican David C. Treen , also from Louisiana 's 3rd congressional district , in 1972 . Martin was the only individual to represent Louisiana in Congress during the 20th century without being a member of either the Democratic Party or the Republican Party . In 1916 he narrowly won re-election against Sheriff Wade O. Martin , Sr. by 99 votes , less than a percent separating the two lead candidates .   In 1918 , he sought re-election as a Democrat to the Sixty-sixth Congress , and continued as a Democrat through the ensuing five congressional elections , all of them uncontested . Martin thus served in Congress from March 4 , 1915 until his death in Washington , D.C. , on April 6 , 1929 . He was a delegate , representing his congressional district , to the 1920 Democratic National Convention in San Francisco . Martin was an Episcopalian as well as a Freemason .   Martin was interred in St. John 's Episcopal Cemetery , Thibodaux , Louisiana .

neg: Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism .   The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform .   Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated .   John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows :   Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one ,   Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment .   Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .

neg: Philadelphia Society The Philadelphia Society is a membership organization the purpose of which is `` to sponsor the interchange of ideas through discussion and writing , in the interest of deepening the intellectual foundation of a free and ordered society , and of broadening the understanding of its basic principles and traditions '' . The membership of the Society tends to be composed of persons holding conservative or libertarian political views , and many of those associated with the Society have exercised considerable influence over the development of the conservative movement in the United States .   It was founded in 1964 by Donald Lipsett in conjunction with Bill Buckley , Milton Friedman , Frank Meyer , and Ed Feulner , and the former Presidents of the Society include Henry Regnery , Edwin J. Feulner , Russell Kirk , Mel Bradford , Forrest McDonald , T. Kenneth Cribb , M. Stanton Evans , Ellis Sandoz , Edwin Meese , Claes G. Ryn , Midge Decter , Roger Ream , Steven F. Hayward , Lee Edwards , William F. Buckley , and George H. Nash .   Notable speakers at past meetings of the Society have included Larry Arnhart , Andrew Bacevich , Wendell Berry , Robert Bork , Mel Bradford , Warren T. Brookes , William F. Buckley , Vladimir Bukovsky , Ronald Coase , T. Kenneth Cribb , Midge Decter , M. Stanton Evans , Edwin J. Feulner , Milton Friedman , George Gilder , Victor Davis Hanson , William Hague , S. I. Hayakawa , Friedrich von Hayek , Henry Hazlitt , W.H. Hutt , Herman Kahn , Russell Kirk , Irving Kristol , Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn , Forrest McDonald , Edwin Meese , Frank Meyer , Charles Murray , Robert Nisbet , Michael Novak , Richard Pipes , Norman Podhoretz , Henry Regnery , William A. Rusher , Paul Ryan , Ellis Sandoz , Shelby Steele , George J. Stigler , Terry Teachout , Edward H. Teller , and Eric Voegelin .

neg: National Party (United States) The National Party was an early-20th-century national political organization in the United States founded by pro-war defectors from the Socialist Party of America in 1917 . These adherents of the SPA Right first formed a non-partisan national society to propagandize the socialist idea called the Social Democratic League of America . Many of these individuals were eager for the formation of an alternative political organization to both the so-called `` old '' parties and the anti-war Socialist Party of America and eagerly latched on to a burgeoning movement for a new party that sprouted in 1917 .

neg: Manitoba Labour Representation Committee The Labour Representation Committee was a reformist labour organization in Manitoba , Canada , and was the ideological successor to groups such as the Winnipeg Labour Party , the Independent Labour Party and the Manitoba Labour Party . It was founded in late 1912 , and was based on a British organization of the same name .   The LRC cooperated with the Social Democratic Party of Canada in the municipal elections of 1913 , and the two parties did not compete against each other in the 1914 provincial election . This was a marked contrast to the hostility which had previously existed between reformist labour groups and the Socialist Party of Canada ( from which the SDPC had split ) .   The party 's candidates in 1914 were W.J. Bartlett ( Assiniboia ) and R.S. Ward ( Elmwood ) . All of these candidates placed third , behind their Conservative and Liberal opponents . Fred Dixon was not a candidate of the LRC in 1914 , but sympathized with most of its goals and was from the same reformist tradition . Unofficially supported by many in the LRC , Dixon was elected as an independent candidate in a Winnipeg constituency .   For the provincial election of 1915 , the LRC supported the two SDPC candidates in Winnipeg North ( one of whom was successful ) , and also nominated William Bayley in Assiniboia . Bayley finished ahead of John Thomas Haig , the riding 's Tory incumbent , and came within 55 votes of defeating Liberal John Wilton . Dixon again ran as an independent .   The candidates nominated by the LRC in 1914-15 officially ran as `` Independent Labour '' .   This organization dissolved after the election of 1915 . Three years later , some of its supporters ( including Dixon and Arthur Puttee ) started the Dominion Labour Party in Winnipeg .   Category : Provincial political parties in Manitoba  Category : Socialist parties in Canada  Category : Defunct political parties in Canada  Category :1912 establishments in Manitoba

neg: Leonidas C. Dyer Leonidas Carstarphen Dyer ( June 11 , 1871 -- December 15 , 1957 ) was an American politician , reformer , civil rights activist , and military officer who served 11 terms in the U.S. Congress as a Republican Representative from Missouri from 1911 to 1933 . In 1898 enrolling in the U.S. Army as a private , Dyer served notably in the Spanish -- American War ; and was promoted to Colonel at the war 's end .   Working as an attorney in St. Louis , Dyer started an anti-usury campaign and was elected to Congress as a Republican in 1910 . As a progressive reformer , Dyer authored an anti-usury law in 1914 that limited excessive loan rates by bank lenders in the nation 's capital , then still governed by Congress .   Horrified by the race riots in Saint Louis and East Saint Louis in 1917 and the high rate of reported lynchings in the South , in 1918 Dyer was notable for proposing the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill . In 1920 the Republican Party supported such legislation in its platform from the National Convention . In January 1922 , Dyer 's bill was passed by the House , which approved it by a wide margin due to `` insistent countrywide demand '' . The bill was defeated by the white Democratic voting bloc of the South in filibusters in the Senate in December 1922 , in 1923 and 1924 .   In 1919 , Dyer authored the motor-vehicle theft law , which made transporting stolen automobiles across state lines a federal crime . By 1956 , the FBI reported that the law had enabled the recovery of cars worth more than $ 212 million . In terms of Prohibition , Rep. Dyer voted against various anti-liquor laws , including the Eighteenth Amendment .   Dyer served in Congress from the 62nd Congress to the 72nd Congress . He was defeated for re-election during the 1930s of the Great Depression . President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's programs to put people to work and extend social welfare during the Depression helped attract voters to Democratic candidates .

neg: Robert A. Taft Robert Alphonso Taft ( September 8 , 1889 -- July 31 , 1953 ) was a conservative American politician , statesman , and presidential hopeful who served as a United States Senator from Ohio from 1939 until his death in 1953 . A member of the Republican Taft political family , he was the elder son of William Howard Taft ( the 27th President of the United States and 10th Chief Justice of the United States ) .   Taft was the Senate 's main opponent of Franklin Roosevelt 's New Deal domestic policies .   After the president 's death , Taft successfully led the conservative coalition 's efforts to curb the power of labor unions . Taft was a leading advocate of non-interventionism in foreign policy . He failed in his quests to win the Republican Party 's presidential nomination in 1940 , 1948 , and 1952 . Throughout that period he battled New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey ( leader of the moderate `` Eastern Establishment '' ) for control of the party . Taft 's biographer , James T. Patterson , portrayed Taft as honest , conscientious , courageous , dignified , and highly intelligent but also faulted Taft 's competitiveness , lack of public-relations skills , and extreme partisanship . A 1957 Senate committee named Taft as one of America 's five greatest senators , along with Henry Clay , Daniel Webster , John C. Calhoun , and Robert M. La Follette , Sr. .

neg: 1952 Republican National Convention The 1952 Republican National Convention was held at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago , Cook County , Illinois from July 7 to July 11 , 1952 , and nominated the popular general and war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower of Kansas , nicknamed `` Ike , '' for president and the anti-communist crusading Senator from California , Richard M. Nixon , for vice president .   The Republican platform pledged to end the unpopular war in Korea , supported the development of nuclear weapons as a deterrence strategy , to fire all `` the loafers , incompetents and unnecessary employees '' at the State Department , condemned the Roosevelt and Truman administrations ' economic policies , supported retention of the Taft-Hartley Act , opposed `` discrimination against race , religion or national origin '' , supported `` Federal action toward the elimination of lynching '' , and pledged to bring an end to communist subversion in the United States .

neg: OTO Homestead and Dude Ranch The OTO Homestead and Dude Ranch was the first dude ranch in the US state of Montana . It was started by James Norris ( Dick ) Randall and his wife Dora after they purchased squatters rights on a small cabin along Cedar Creek in the Absaroka Mountains . The original cabin had a dirt floor cabin with a sod roof . Randall courted wealthy eastern clients ( the Dudes ) and by 1912 they came to the OTO to experience a `` genuine '' western ranch lifestyle . The property grew to meet the needs of guests and by the 1920s included an impressive lodge ( 1921 ) , cabins , barns , post office , and outbuildings . Notable guests included Theodore Roosevelt and Marcellus Hartley Dodge , Jr. . The ranch 's name is derived from its founders ' involvement in the Ordo Templi Orientis , or O.T.O. , a California-based religious order .   The Randalls sold the OTO in 1934 to Chan Libby ( a former guest ) . In 1939 the OTO closed its dude ranching operations permanently . After its 1939 closing the property was sold to John Paul and Jessie Shields , who owned for more than 30 years and worked it as cattle and horse ranch . Two of their granddaughters would come and spend summers with them and go to the OTO , Gayle ( Shields ) Terry and Nikki Shields . They sold it to the Elk Foundation in 1989 . The 3,265 acre ( 1,321 hectare ) property was eventually acquired by the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation , who donated it ( 1991 ) to the United States Forest Service ( Gallatin National Forest District ) . In 2004 the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places , and buildings are currently undergoing renovations with labor provided by volunteer groups including Passport in Time , Elderhostel and Amizade . The site continues to provide habitat for large wildlife .

neg: Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt .   The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party .   McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :

neg: Hewitt Bostock Hewitt Bostock , PC ( May 31 , 1864 -- April 28 , 1930 ) was a Canadian publisher , businessman and politician .   He was born in Walton Heath , Epsom , England and studied at Trinity College , Cambridge graduating with honours in mathematics . Bostock then studied law and was called to the bar in 1888 . Rather than begin a legal practice he toured North America , Australia , New Zealand , China and Japan before settling in British Columbia in 1893 In 1888 the Monte Creek Ranch ( also known as the Ducks Ranch ) he had purchased in 1888 , taking up residence there in 1894 . In addition to the ranch , he also operated a lumber company .   He founded the Province newspaper and then entered politics winning election to the Canadian House of Commons as a Liberal in the 1896 election , representing the riding of Yale -- Cariboo for one term ( until the 1900 election ) .   In 1904 , he was appointed to the Canadian Senate by the prime minister , Wilfrid Laurier . A decade later he became Leader of the Opposition in the Canadian Senate . Bostock broke with the Laurier Liberals over the Conscription Crisis of 1917 , and became a Liberal-Unionist , campaigning in favour of the Union government of Sir Robert Borden during the 1917 election .   Following World War I , Bostock reconciled with the Liberals and , in 1921 , became Minister of Public Works in the Liberal government of William Lyon Mackenzie King . Several months later , in 1922 , he became Speaker of the Canadian Senate and held the position until his death in 1930 . In 1925 , he served as a member of the Canadian delegation to the Assembly of the League of Nations .   There is a Mount Hewitt Bostock ( 2183 m or 7162 ft ) named in his honour in the northern end of the Canadian Cascades , about 20 kilometres northeast of the Fraser Canyon town of Boston Bar , which is in what had been the riding of Yale -- Cariboo where his political career began ( today in Chilliwack -- Fraser Canyon ) .

neg: American Republican Party (1843) The American Republican Party was a minor nativist political organization that was launched in New York in June 1843 , largely as a protest against immigrant voters and officeholders . In 1844 , it carried municipal elections in New York City and Philadelphia and expanded so rapidly that by July , 1845 , a national convention was called . This convention changed the name to the Native American Party and drafted a legislative program calling for a twenty-one-year period preceding naturalization and other sweeping reforms in the immigration policy . Failure to force congressional action on these proposals , combined with the growing national interest in the Mexican problem before the Mexican -- American War , led to the party 's rapid decline .

neg: Bullfeathers Bullfeathers of Capitol Hill is a restaurant and bar on 410 First Street SE in Washington , D.C. , in the Capitol Hill neighborhood . Its name comes from President Theodore Roosevelt 's favorite euphemism for `` bullshit . '' The logo of the restaurant is a depiction of Roosevelt . It was founded in 1979 by Gordon King . It has achieved some degree of fame for its association with congressional staffers and members who have been patrons , and as a place where `` lobbyists take Hill staffers to down martinis . '' . It has opened recently under new ownership . The new owners are Tony Harris , Med Lahlou , William Walls and Jessica Mulroy .   The restaurant has been variously described as `` one of Capitol Hill 's key upscale watering holes '' and `` a favorite House-side dive . '' . Bullfeathers , Capital Hill is also the location of the Annual SWTA Legislative Breakfast   The political activist Ralph E. Reed , Jr. had a religious experience while at Bullfeathers on a Saturday evening in September 1983 . Regarding the experience , Reed said `` the Holy Spirit simply demanded me to come to Jesus . '' He walked outside the pub to a phone booth , thumbed through the Yellow Pages under `` Churches , '' and found the Evangel Assembly of God in Camp Springs , Maryland , He visited the next morning and became a born-again Christian .   The political website PoliticsPA named it to their list of restaurants frequented by politicians .   The restaurant also figured in the Mark Foley scandal . Reports indicated that Mark Foley approached a former 18-year-old intern at Bullfeathers and asked for an email .

neg: Political positions of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt ( 1858 -- 1919 ) was the 26th President of the United States ( 1901 -- 09 ) and also served as Governor of New York and Vice President . He is known for becoming a leading spokesman for his version of progressivism after 1890 . Author Daniel Ruddy , however , argues in his book Theodore the Great : Conservative Crusader that Roosevelt was a actually a populist conservative and a Hamiltonian -- a conservative in the eighteenth century sense of the word .

neg: Roosevelt County, Montana Roosevelt County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana . As of the 2010 census , the population was 10,425 . Its county seat is Wolf Point . Roosevelt County was created by the Montana Legislature in 1919 from Sheridan County . The name honors former president Theodore Roosevelt , who had died shortly before the county was formed .

neg: Walter E. Foran Walter Edge `` Moose '' Foran ( May 14 , 1919 -- December 8 , 1986 ) was an American Republican Party politician from New Jersey , who served in both houses of the New Jersey Legislature . He followed in the footsteps of his father , Arthur F. Foran , who served in the New Jersey Senate .