query: Stanley Tucci is American.

pos: Stanley Tucci Stanley Tucci ( -LSB- ˈtuːtʃi -RSB- -LSB- ˈtuttʃi -RSB- ; born November 11 , 1960 ) is an American character actor , writer , producer and film director .   Tucci was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Lovely Bones ( 2009 ) . He won two Emmy Awards for his performances in Winchell and Monk . He was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children , for The One and Only Shrek ! .

neg: A Chip Off the Old Block (album) A Chip Off the Old Block is the ninth album by American jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine . The album features tunes associated with bandleader Count Basie , and was released by Blue Note . Music was performed by Turrentine with organist Shirley Scott , trumpeter Blue Mitchell , bassist Earl May , and drummer Al Harewood .   The CD reissue includes two alternate recordings , with Ben Dixon replacing Harewood at the drums and the addition of trombonist Tom McIntosh and saxophonist Charles Davis . The album was originally planned as a septet , but after a recording session it was decided to re-record as a slimmed-down quintet .

neg: Do the Stanley Do The Stanley is a compilation album of songs by the British group Stackridge . It was released in the U.K. by MCA Records after their break-up in 1976 . The album contains some of the most popular tracks from their first three albums as well as songs from singles . The last song on the album `` Let There Be Lids '' was previously unreleased . The album is no longer available , but all of the songs have since been re-issued on other Stackridge CDs . Most of these songs are included on the 2006 collection Purple Spaceships Over Yatton : The Best of Stackridge .

neg: Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures .   Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río .   Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . )   The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 .   The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner .   While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) .   Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum .   The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .

neg: Annabella Sciorra Annabella Gloria Philomena Sciorra ( -LSB- ˈʃoʊrə -RSB- , ; born March 29 , 1960 ) is an Italian-American actress . Her film roles include Cadillac Man ( 1990 ) , Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , The Hand That Rocks the Cradle ( 1992 ) , Cop Land ( 1997 ) and What Dreams May Come ( 1998 ) . She was nominated for a 2001 Emmy Award for playing Gloria Trillo in The Sopranos ( 2001 -- 04 ) .

neg: Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life .   Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack .   The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film .   It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 .   The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .

neg: Ben Pucci Benito Modesto `` Ben '' Pucci was a professional American football tackle who played three seasons for the Buffalo Bisons , Chicago Rockets and Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference ( AAFC ) between 1946 and 1948 .   Pucci Grew up in St. Louis and went to high school there , but did not attend college . He joined the Bisons in 1946 , where he stayed for a year before moving to the Rockets and then the Browns in 1948 . While he was with the Browns , the team posted a perfect record and won a third straight AAFC championship . He was sent to the AAFC 's Baltimore Colts in 1949 , but left the team after he was asked to take a pay cut . Following his football career , Pucci worked in transportation and eventually settled in San Antonio in 1980 . He died there in 2013 .

neg: Nightwings (Stanley Turrentine album) Nightwings is an album by jazz saxophonist Stanley Turrentine recorded for the Fantasy label in 1977 and featuring performances by Turrentine with an orchestra arranged and conducted by Claus Ogerman .

neg: Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .

neg: Francis Edgar Stanley Francis Edgar Stanley , also known as F. E. Stanley ( June 1 , 1849 -- July 13 , 1918 ) , was an American businessman and was the co-founder , along with his twin brother Freelan Oscar Stanley , of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company which built the Stanley Steamer .

neg: Rosa Raisa Rosa Raisa ( 30 May 189328 September 1963 ) was a Polish-born and Italian-trained Russian-Jewish dramatic operatic soprano who became a naturalized American . She possessed a voice of remarkable power and was the creator of Puccini 's last opera , Turandot , at La Scala , Milan .

neg: Puccio Puccio is both an Italian surname and a masculine Italian given name . Notable people with the name include :

neg: The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role .   Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' .   When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' :   The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .

neg: Stanley Beck Stanley Beck ( June 5 , 1936 , New York City ) is an American film producer and actor of the stage , television , and film . As an actor , he is best known for his portrayal of Stanly in the 1969 film John and Mary and Artie Silver in the 1974 film Lenny . He has produced three films during his career , Straight Time ( 1978 ) , Death Valley ( 1982 ) , and Man , Woman and Child ( 1983 ) .   A life member of The Actors Studio , three of Beck 's notable stage appearances occurred , in rapid succession , in two Arthur Miller premieres , Incident at Vichy ( 1964 ) and After The Fall ( 1964 ) , as well as the original production of Eugene O'Neill 's Marco Millions ( 1964 ) . Another notable portrayal was that of Ed Busby in the premiere of William Snyder 's The Days and Nights of BeeBee Fenstermaker ( 1962 ) .

neg: Stanley Keleman Stanley Keleman ( born 1931 ) is an American writer and chiropractor , who created the body psychotherapy approach known as Formative Psychology . He is one of the leaders of the body psychotherapy movement nationally and internationally . His methodology rests on an anatomical base and incorporates an evolutionary , philosophical and mythological perspective ; within this formative paradigm the human is capable of learning voluntary self-influence of instinctual and emotional expression as a way to manage dilemmas of daily living and to form personal choices for creating a future . Keleman has been developing and articulating his concepts since 1957 . In 1971 , he published the first of 10 books .

neg: Tutti per Bruno Tutti per Bruno is an Italian television series .

neg: Shane Stanley Shane Stanley ( born June 15 , 1971 in Los Angeles ) is a multi-Emmy Award-winning filmmaker and founder of Visual Arts Entertainment , a film and television production company based in Los Angeles . Best known for executive producing Gridiron Gang starring Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson for Sony Pictures and directing Bret Michaels music videos supporting the hit show Rock of Love . Stanley , a four-time nominee , was the youngest to ever win a production Emmy Award , winning his first at sixteen and his second at nineteen for his work on The Desperate Passage Series . Stanley made his directorial debut helming his own screenplay A Sight for Sore Eyes which starred Academy Award nominee Gary Busey . Besides being honored with dozens of prestigious awards and film festival honors , the film was invited to screen at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and won Best Drama at the International Family Film Festival in 2006 .   Also a commercial and music video director , Stanley 's most recognized work includes campaigns for Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Sony PlayStation , Morongo Casino , Resort & Spa , Kimberly-Clark , San Manuel Indian Bingo & Casino as well as PSA 's for the American Diabetes Association . His most known music videos include StorySide : B 's `` Miracle '' and Bret Michaels 's Go That Far which reached # 1 and remained on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown for over three months . The video is ranked on the network 's list of 100 Best Music Videos . As of 2010 , five of Stanley 's music videos have been on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown , ( two simultaneously ) . Shane co-wrote Bret Michaels 's autobiography , `` Roses & Thorns '' for Simon & Schuster and most recently produced the late Zalman King 's , Pleasure or Pain which will release in 2014 . Pleasure or Pain would be Golden Globe Nominee , King 's final film before his passing in 2012 .   In 2015 , Shane directed The Untold Story starring Barry Van Dyke , Nia Peeples , Jason Connery , and Ellen Greene a film he co-wrote with his father , Lee Stanley . This would be their first collaboration since Gridiron Gang in 2005 .  Shane began 2016 helming Mistrust which he co-wrote with Tiffany Johnson . The film stars two-time Golden Globes winner , Jane Seymour ( actress ) , Parker Stevenson , Patrick Bristow , William Shockley ( actor ) , and Nia Peeples .

neg: Tutti-Frutti Chess Tutti-Frutti Chess is a chess variant invented by Ralph Betza and Philip Cohen in 1978 . It has been played regularly in tournaments and correspondence games .

neg: Paul Stanley (composer) Paul Stanley ( né Sonnenberg ) ( February 8 , 1848 -- March 14 , 1909 ) was a German-born American composer and vaudeville comedian who some credit ( but most do not ) with writing the music for the ditty Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay for Henry F. Sayers ' 1891 musical entertainment , Tuxedo .

neg: George Bucci George P. `` The King '' Bucci Jr. ( born July 9 , 1953 ) is a retired American basketball player .   He played collegiately for the Manhattan College .   He was selected by the Buffalo Braves in the 3rd round ( 52nd pick overall ) of the 1975 NBA draft and by the New York Nets in the 1975 ABA Draft .   He played for the New York Nets ( 1975 -- 76 ) in the ABA for 33 games , Nets won the ABA championship that season .   From 1977 until 1992 he played in the Lega Basket Serie A   In the 1990s he was elected to political office , as councilman and later supervisor of the Town of Newburgh , New York .   His uncle , Paul , resides in Wildwood , Florida .

neg: Rucci Rucci may refer to :   José Ignacio Rucci , an Argentine union leader and politician  Michelangelo Rucci , an Australian sports journalist , and writer  Michele Rucci , a biomedical engineer and neuroscientist  Ralph Rucci , an American fashion designer and artist  Todd Rucci , a former professional American football player


query: Houston is in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico.

pos: Houston Houston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- ) is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States . With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 sqmi , it is also the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County . Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico , it is the principal city of the Greater Houston metro area , which is the fifth-most populated MSA in the United States .   Houston was founded on August 28 , 1836 , near the banks of Buffalo Bayou ( now known as Allen 's Landing ) and incorporated as a city on June 5 , 1837 . The city was named after former General Sam Houston , who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 mi east of where the city was established . The burgeoning port and railroad industry , combined with oil discovery in 1901 , has induced continual surges in the city 's population . In the mid-20th century , Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center -- the world 's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions -- and NASA 's Johnson Space Center , where the Mission Control Center is located .   Houston 's economy has a broad industrial base in energy , manufacturing , aeronautics , and transportation . Leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment , outside of New York City , Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters than any other U.S. municipality within its city limits . The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled . Nicknamed the `` Space City '' , Houston is a global city , with strengths in business , international trade , entertainment , culture , media , fashion , science , sports , technology , education , medicine , and research . The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community . Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has been described as the most racially and ethnically diverse major metropolis in the U.S. . It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits , which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District . Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts .

neg: South Beach (nightclub) South Beach is an after hours nightclub located in Houston , Texas within the Neartown area which opened in 2002 on the former site of Club Heaven . The 10000 sqft dance club located at 810 Pacific Street is popular among the city 's gay community . Among South Beach 's many features is a full-color water-cooled matrix laser light show utilizing Kryogen Ifex liquid ice Jets that spray out a thick cloud of liquid Ice . The ice jets have the ability to reduce the temperature of the club by 20 ° F in a few seconds . Additionally , the club also features go-go boys .   South Beach is owned by Charles Armstrong . Charles Armstrong also owns a number of other gay venues in the same area , including JR 's Bar & Grill , and Montrose Mining Company .

neg: Garden Oaks, Houston Garden Oaks is a neighborhood in Houston , Texas ( USA ) . The neighborhood , located north of Houston Heights , was established in 1937 by Edward L. Crain .   Oaks has many oak , pecan , and pine trees in and around the neighborhood . Several types of houses , including ranch-style houses and bungalows , are in the neighborhood .

neg: Texas State Highway 288 State Highway 288 or SH 288 , is a north -- south highway in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Texas , between I-45 in downtown Houston and Freeport , where it terminates on FM 1495 . The route was originally designated by 1939 , replacing the southern portion of SH 19 .

neg: Sugar Land Regional Airport Sugar Land Regional Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located in Sugar Land , Texas ( USA ) , 17 mi southwest of the central business district of Houston .   It was formerly known as Sugar Land Municipal Airport and previously as Hull Field . The airport was purchased from a private interest in 1990 by the city of Sugar Land . As of 2009 it is the fourth-largest airport within the Houston -- Sugar Land -- Baytown metropolitan area and handles approximately 250 aircraft operations per day which includes corporate business jet and turboprop flights .   The airport today serves the area 's general aviation ( GA ) aircraft serving corporate , governmental , and private clientele . A new 20000 sqft Terminal opened in 2006 with a 54 acre GA complex that includes 99 T-hangars nested in six buildings .   The airport , the fourth largest airport in Greater Houston as of 2009 , receives yearly usage from over 100 Fortune 500 companies . TXP , Inc. released a report identifying the airport as `` foremost general reliever airport in the southwest sector '' and `` a catalyst for corporate commerce in the Greater Houston market including the Westchase District , Uptown , and Greenway Plaza . '' In terms of general aviation the airport serves as a reliever for William P. Hobby Airport in Houston . As of 2010 Sugar Land Regional is the third busiest airport in Greater Houston by amount of aircraft operations .   The City of Houston maintains Cullinan Park , which occupies 750 acre of land directly north and west of the Sugar Land Regional Airport , blocking possibilities for expansion . In addition the airport is surrounded by Sugar Land homes , and there is a highway and rail road track directly south of the airport -- all factors that block airport expansion . The former Central Unit , a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for males , is in land zoned for airport expansion .

neg: H-Town H-Town most commonly refers to the city of Houston , Texas . ( see also : Nicknames of Houston #H - Town )   H-Town may also refer to :

neg: List of cities in Texas Texas is a state located in the Southern United States . There are 961 cities in the sections below .

neg: KLTN KLTN ( 102.9 FM , `` La 102.9 '' ) is a Regional Mexican radio station broadcasting in Houston , Texas , United States . Owned by Univision Radio , its studios are in Uptown Houston and the transmitter is located on the city 's East End district .

neg: List of highways in Harris County, Texas The state highways in Harris County , Texas consists of approximately 1213 mi of routes in the Texas state highway system that are located within Harris County . These highways are maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT ) . These highways are made up of Interstate Highways , U.S. Highways , State Highways , State Loop and Spur Highways , Farm to Market Roads , Park Highways , and Alternate and Business Routes . In addition to these highways , three independent Toll Roads and a section of Interstate 10 that is toll managed are also located in Harris County . These roads are maintained by the Harris County Toll Road Authority , and add approximately 120 mi of highways to the overall Harris County highway system .   There are currently four interstates located within Harris County . They consist of three major interstates ( Interstate 10 ( I-10 ) , known as the Katy Freeway and the East Freeway , Interstate 45 ( I-45 ) , known as the Gulf Freeway and the North Freeway , and Interstate 69 ( I-69 ) , known as the Southwest Freeway and the Eastex Freeway ) and one Auxiliary Interstate ( Interstate 610 ( I-610 ) , known as `` The Loop '' ) . There are also three U.S. Routes located in Harris County . These highways consist of U.S. Route 59 ( US 59 , known as the Southwest Freeway and the Eastex Freeway ) , U.S. Route 90 ( US 90 , known as the Cosby Freeway ) , and U.S. Route 290 ( US 290 , known as the Northwest Freeway ) . There are nine state highways , eight spur and loop highways , one park highway , four toll roads ( three independent ) , twenty-two farm to market roads , four bannered U.S. routes , two bannered state routes , and one bannered farm to market road .

neg: Port of Houston The Port of Houston is a port in Houston , Texas , the fourth-largest city in the United States . The port is a 25-mile-long complex of diversified public and private facilities located a few hours ' sailing time from the Gulf of Mexico . It is the busiest port in the United States in terms of foreign tonnage , second-busiest in the United States in terms of overall tonnage , and thirteenth-busiest in the world . Though originally the port 's terminals were primarily within the Houston city limits , the port has expanded to such a degree that today it has facilities in multiple communities in the surrounding area . In particular the port 's busiest terminal , the Barbours Cut Terminal , is located in Morgan 's Point .   The Port of Houston is a cooperative entity consisting of both the port authority , which operates the major terminals along the Houston Ship Channel , and more than 150 private companies situated along Buffalo Bayou and Galveston Bay . Many petroleum corporations have built refineries along the channel where they are partially protected from the threat of major storms in the Gulf of Mexico . The petrochemical complex associated with the Port of Houston is one of the largest in the world .

neg: St. George Place, Houston St. George Place is a neighborhood in Houston , Texas .   St. George Place is located outside of the 610 Loop and inside Beltway 8 in the Uptown Houston area . St. George Place was formed out of portions of an older subdivision , Lamar Terrace , in the early 1990s .

neg: South Main Baptist Church South Main Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Houston , Texas . Located in Houston 's midtown area , the church has a long history in the city . The church was named `` Church of the Year '' by Guideposts Magazine .

neg: Dickinson, Texas Dickinson is a city in Galveston County , Texas , within Houston -- The Woodlands -- Sugar Land metropolitan area . The population was 18,680 at the 2010 census .

neg: South Alabama South Alabama is the various parts of southern Alabama . Although it is not a strictly defined geographic region , it generally includes all Alabama counties south of the Black Belt . However , residents of the largest population center , Mobile , often make the argument that the phrase refers only to the extreme southernmost parts of Alabama . In that view , South Alabama consists of just the two counties that border the Gulf of Mexico and Mobile Bay : Baldwin County and Mobile County . That area is characterized by extensive wetlands , but also by long , sandy beaches which are very conducive to tourism . Many deluxe golf courses have been developed in the area in recent decades .   Because Mobile and Baldwin Counties tend to use `` South Alabama '' with such exclusivity , other parts of southern Alabama , particularly the Florida-border counties from Escambia County over to Houston County often humorously prefer to be called Lower Alabama if a regional name must be given . Traditionally the south central and southeastern parts of the state have less in common with the Mobile area than they have in common with southwest Georgia and the Black Belt region . Alternative names include South Central Alabama , Southeast Alabama , and the Wiregrass .

neg: Lavaca Bay Lavaca Bay ( -LSB- ləv ' ɑːkə -RSB- ) is a northwestern extension of the Matagorda Bay system found mostly in Calhoun County , Texas , United States . The ports of Port Lavaca and Point Comfort have been established on the bay , and are the main areas of human habitation . Linnville was located on the bay until its abandonment after the Great Raid of 1840 , and the major port of Indianola was found near the confluence with the main Matagorda Bay , until the town 's final destruction following the massive hurricane of 1886 . Smaller communities include Olivia , Alamo Beach and Magnolia Beach . Lavaca Bay is approximately 82 mi northeast of Corpus Christi , about 121 mi southwest of Houston , and 145 mi southeast of San Antonio .   The bay is noted for its superfund site , caused by mercury pollution from the heavy industry in Point Comfort ( specifically Alcoa ) , across the bay from the largest settlement of Port Lavaca . Although fishing has declined in recent years due to fears of contamination , the bay supports a large finfish population , and the efforts of environmental organizations and the federal government have pressured Alcoa to reduce the polluted areas .

neg: Grand Lakes Grand Lakes , Texas is a 1250 acre `` master planned community '' located in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Houston within Fort Bend and Harris Counties in the U.S. state of Texas . It lies about 25 miles ( 40 km ) west of Houston and 10 miles ( 16 km ) north of Richmond . Grand Lakes is considered to be part of the Greater Katy area and is roughly 10 miles ( 16 km ) southeast of the city of Katy and adjacent to Cinco Ranch and Seven Meadows .

neg: Houston, Minnesota Houston is a city in Houston County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 979 at the 2010 census .

neg: Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston Tex-Mex cuisine is very popular in Houston . Many Mexican cuisine restaurants in Houston have aspects that originate from Texas culture . Katharine Shilcutt of the Houston Press said in 2012 that `` Tex-Mex has been a vital part of our city for more than 100 years '' and that it `` never waned in that century . '' She added that '' -LSB- t -RSB- he cultural significance of Tex-Mex as a vital touchstone between generations and an expression of our roots can not be denied . ''   In his book Ethnicity in the Sunbelt : A History of Mexican Americans in Houston , Arnoldo De León said that the recent immigrants from Mexico to Houston add foods that are popular with immigrants to menus of Mexican restaurants in Houston . Robb Walsh of the Houston Press said `` You might say that the immigrant flow is what keeps the `` Mex '' in Tex-Mex . '' In Houston , as in other places in Texas , the existing Chicano community influences the cooking methods used by recent immigrants .   In Houston , several restaurants that have authentic Mexican cuisine call themselves `` Mex-Mex . '' Several restaurants that have both Tex Mex and Mexican cuisine call themselves `` Mix Mex . '' As of 2012 , Molina 's Cantina is the oldest still-operating Tex-Mex restaurant in Houston . A restaurant featuring newer style Tex-Mex , Ninfa 's became influential in the development of the cuisine in the city .

neg: Brazos Country, Texas Brazos Country is a city in Austin County , Texas . It is located south of Interstate 10 and 7 mi southeast of Sealy . Downtown Houston is 43 mi to the east . The eastern city limits of Brazos Country run along the west bank of the Brazos River . The only entrances to the city are from Chew Road . As of the 2010 census the population was 469 .   Development of the area began in the late 1970s , and the city was incorporated in May 2000 .

neg: Demographics of Texas Texas is the second most populous U.S. state , with an estimated 2017 population of 28.449 million . In recent decades , it has experienced strong population growth . Texas has many major cities and metropolitan areas , along with many towns and rural areas . Much of the population is in the major cities of Houston , San Antonio , Dallas , Fort Worth , Austin , and El Paso .

neg: Independence Heights, Houston Independence Heights is a community in Houston , Texas , bordered by Crosstimbers to the north , Yale Street to the west , the 610 Loop to the south , and Airline Drive to the east . The Super Neighborhood boundary created by the City of Houston is bordered by Tidwell to the north , Shepherd Drive to the west , the 610 Loop to the south , and Interstate 45 to the east .   Black families started to migrate to Northern Houston known as the Independence Heights around 1908 . The area was developed by Wright Land Company , and consisted of small wood frame houses , purchased by the residents . Many of the houses were built by black contractors who lived in the area .   On January 25 , 1915 Independence Heights , with a population of nearly 600 was incorporated , becoming the first African American municipality in Texas . George O. Burgess , a lawyer born in Milligan Texas 1876 , was elected as the 1st Mayor of Independence Heights . Burgess Hall , named today located at 700 E. 34th Street was the City Hall-Courthouse until 1919 . City improvements over the next few years included the shell paving of streets , plank sidewalks , and the installation of a municipal water system .   On June 19 , 1919 O. L. Hubbard became the second Mayor of Independence Heights . He served until 1925 . Arthur L. McCullough became the third and final Mayor of Independence Heights . He served from 1925 to 1928 .   In the late 1920s , there were 40 black-owned businesses in Independence Heights they included : grocery stores , restaurants , a lumber company , a watch repair shop , ice cream parlors , a cleaning and pressing shop , a drug store , a black smith shop , law offices and an electrical shop . Other professions included : teachers , attorneys , construction , longshoremen and rail road workers .   Independence Heights was annexed by the city of Houston on December 26 , 1929 . Today , Independence Heights is a neighborhood on the brink of redevelopment . Spearheaded by descendants of the original settlers , the community has come together and developed plans that will guide the neighborhood revitalization . In 2008 , the community was damaged by Hurricane Ike . As a result , federal funding is slated to help redevelop this historic community . New homes and schools are being built .


query: In Secret stars more than one American actress.

pos: Elizabeth Olsen Elizabeth Chase `` Lizzie '' Olsen ( born February 16 , 1989 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles in the films Silent House ( 2011 ) , Liberal Arts ( 2012 ) , Godzilla ( 2014 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) . For her role in the critically acclaimed Martha Marcy May Marlene ( 2011 ) , she was nominated for numerous awards including the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead . She is the younger sister of actresses and fashion designers Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen .

pos: In Secret In Secret , previously titled Thérèse , is a 2013 American erotic thriller film written and directed by Charlie Stratton . Based on Émile Zola 's 1867 classic novel Thérèse Raquin , the film stars Elizabeth Olsen , Tom Felton , Oscar Isaac and Jessica Lange . It was screened in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . The film received a regional release on February 21 , 2014 .

pos: Jessica Lange Jessica Phyllis Lange ( -LSB- læŋ -RSB- born April 20 , 1949 ) is an American actress who has received worldwide acclaim for her work in film , theater , and television . The recipient of several awards , including two Academy Awards , one Tony Award , three Emmy Awards , five Golden Globe Awards , one Screen Actors Guild Award , and three Dorian Awards ; in 1998 , Entertainment Weekly listed Lange among the 25 Greatest Actresses of the 1990s . In 2016 , Lange became the twenty-second thespian in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting .   Lange was discovered by producer Dino De Laurentiis while modeling part-time for the Wilhelmina modelling agency . She made her professional film debut in his 1976 remake of the 1933 action-adventure classic King Kong , for which she won her first Golden Globe Award , for New Star of the Year . In 1982 , she became the first performer in 40 years to receive two Oscar nominations within the same year ; she won her second Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a soap opera star in Tootsie , and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of the troubled actress Frances Farmer , in Frances . Lange received three more nominations before garnering a sixth Oscar nomination and winning , along with her third Golden Globe Award , the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as a manic depressive housewife in Blue Sky ( 1994 ) . In 1995 , Lange became the second actress in Oscar history , after Meryl Streep , to win Best Actress after winning Best Supporting Actress ; an achievement that was only repeated again after nearly 20 years by Cate Blanchett in 2014 .   In 2010 , she won her first Primetime Emmy Award for her portrayal of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis ' famed aunt , Big Edie , in HBO 's Grey Gardens ( 2009 ) . Between 2011 and 2014 , she won her first Screen Actors Guild Award , fifth Golden Globe Award , and second and third Emmy Awards for her performances in the first and third seasons of FX 's horror anthology series American Horror Story ( 2011 -- 2015 ) . In 2016 , Lange won her first Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play , an Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for her critically acclaimed performance in the Broadway revival of Long Day 's Journey into Night . During 2017 , Lange portrayed film legend Joan Crawford in the first season of the television series Feud , for which she received universal critical acclaim .   In addition to acting , Lange is a photographer with three published works . She has also been a foster parent and currently holds a Goodwill Ambassador position for UNICEF , specializing in HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Russia .

neg: Elaine Devry Elaine Devry ( born Thelma Elaine Mahnken , January 10 , 1930 ) is an American actress .

neg: Betty Garde Katharine Elizabeth `` Betty '' Garde ( September 19 , 1905 -- December 25 , 1989 ) was an American stage , radio , film and television actress .

neg: Suzanne Friedline Suzanne Friedline ( Born January 14 , 1970 ) is an American actress and voice artist . She has appeared in numerous movies and TV series , as well as in theater dramas .

neg: Caitlin Dulany Caitlin Dulany is an American actress .

neg: Samantha Buck Samantha Susan Buck ( born December 20 , 1976 )  | title = Samantha Buck  | publisher = IMDB  | accessdate = 2012-06-13  -RCB- -RCB- </ref> is an American actress .

neg: Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .

neg: Marie Masters Marie Masters ( born February 4 , 1941 ) is an American actress .

neg: Cynthia Sikes Cynthia Lee Sikes ( born January 2 , 1954 ) is an American actress known primarily for her television roles .

neg: The Secret Garden (1919 film) The Secret Garden is a lost 1919 American drama silent film directed by Gustav von Seyffertitz and written by Frances Hodgson Burnett and Marion Fairfax . The film stars Lila Lee , Spottiswoode Aitken , Clarence Geldart , Richard Rosson , Fay Holderness and Ann Malone . The film was released on January 12 , 1919 , by Paramount Pictures .

neg: Julie Hagerty Julie Beth Hagerty ( born June 15 , 1955 ) is an American actress and former model . She starred as Elaine in the films Airplane ! ( 1980 ) and Airplane II : The Sequel ( 1982 ) . Her other film roles include A Midsummer Night 's Sex Comedy ( 1982 ) , Lost in America ( 1985 ) , and A Master Builder ( 2014 ) .

neg: Claudia Shear Claudia Shear ( born September 12 , 1962 ) is an American actress and playwright . She was nominated for the Tony Award , Best Play and Best Actress for her play Dirty Blonde .

neg: Lisanne Falk Lisanne Falk ( born c. 1965 ) is an American actress and film producer .

neg: Doran Clark Doran Clark ( born August 8 , 1954 ) is an American actress .

neg: Susan Ursitti Susan Ursitti is an American actress .

neg: Marion Marshall (actress) Marion Marshall ( born Marion Tanner ; June 8 , 1929 ) is an American actress .

neg: Sondra Currie Sondra Currie ( born Sandra Marie Currie ; January 11 , 1947 ) is an American actress .

neg: Secret Window Secret Window is a 2004 American psychological thriller film starring Johnny Depp and John Turturro . It was written and directed by David Koepp , based on the novella Secret Window , Secret Garden by Stephen King , featuring a musical score by Philip Glass and Geoff Zanelli . The story appeared in King 's collection Four Past Midnight . The film was released on March 12 , 2004 , by Columbia Pictures ; it was a moderate box office success and received mixed reviews from critics .

neg: Karen Beyer Karen Beyer is an American actress . Beyer has appeared in both film and television , including One Missed Call , Going to California , In the Heat of the Night , and many more .

neg: Ann Tyrrell Ann Tyrrell ( February 6 , 1909 -- July 20 , 1983 ) was an American stage , film and television actress . Tyrrell is best known for her roles in both of the Ann Sothern CBS sitcoms Private Secretary ( 1953 -- 1957 ) and The Ann Sothern Show ( 1958 -- 1961 ) .

neg: Anne Twomey Anne Carolyn Twomey ( born 7 June 1951 ) is an American theater , film , and television actress .


query: Helen Gardner was uneducated.

pos: Helen Gardner (art historian) Helen Gardner ( 1878 -- 1946 ) was an American art historian and educator . Her Art Through the Ages remains a standard text for American art history classes .   Gardner was born in Manchester , New Hampshire and attended school in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago . In 1901 she graduated with a degree in classics from the University of Chicago .  After an interval as a teacher , she returned to the same university to study art history , and received a master 's degree in 1918 . In 1920 she began lecturing at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago , where she would spend the rest of her career , with the exception of short appointments at UCLA and the University of Chicago .   In 1919 , she became the head of the photograph and lantern-slides department at the Ryerson Library of the Art Institute of Chicago . The next year she started to teach an art history course at the School of the Art Institute . In 1922 , she made the choice to resign her position at the library to spare more time for teaching . From the frustration of not being able to find a comprehensive textbook that had a broad enough coverage in art history , she resolved the problem by writing such book herself , which resulted in a popular art history textbook used for decades , Art Through the Ages .   Her major work , Art Through the Ages ( 1926 ) , was the first single-volume textbook to cover the entire range of art history from a global perspective . Frequently revised , it remains a standard textbook at American schools and universities . In 1932 she also published Understanding the Arts , an art appreciation text directed toward educators . For both volumes , the analytical drawings were supplied by artist Kathleen Blackshear . In 1936 , she published a second edition of Art Through the Ages , with its content expanded .   In 1946 , aged 68 , she died due to cancer . However , despite her illness before her death , she remained in advisory capacity at the Art Institute .

neg: An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge , published by Victor Gollancz in 1931 , was an `` omnibus '' volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge .   It was the first such volume to include entirely new material . Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time , including Roger Fry , C. G. Seligman , Maurice Dobb , F. J. C. Hearnshaw , G. D. H. Cole , J. C. Flügel , R. R. Marett , and J. W. N. Sullivan among others , to contribute informative essays written for the common reader .   The publishers explained their reasons for creating such a volume in their spring 1931 list of their latest titles :   `` Because in our view there has been steadily growing , during the last twelve years , a desire to know which has had no parallel since the Renaissance , and which is now felt by relatively a far larger class of men and women than it was then . Under the surface of a vulgarity , a triviality , and a noisiness which ( because they have been the most blatant ) have seemed the most characteristic stigmata of our time , everywhere and in ever-widening circles educated people have been becoming philosophers -- have wished to understand as clearly as they might the meaning of their own life and that of the Universe . ''  The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science , philosophy , religion , sex , mathematics , astronomy , biology , anthropology , cosmogony , psychology , psycho-analysis , archaeology , economics , politics , finance , industry , internationalism , history , ethnology , geography , literary criticism , music , architecture , painting and sculpture .   Category : Encyclopedias of history  Category : English-language encyclopedias  Category :1931 books  Category : British encyclopedias

neg: The Underground History of American Education The Underground History of American Education : A Schoolteacher 's Intimate Investigation Into the Problem of Modern Schooling ( ISBN 0-945700-05-9 , pbk . ISBN 0-945700-04-0 ) is a critique of the United States education system by John Taylor Gatto .   A former teacher , Gatto left the classroom the same year he was named New York State Teacher of the Year . He announced his decision in a letter titled `` I Quit , I Think '' .   Using anecdotes gathered from thirty years of teaching , alongside documentation , Gatto presents his view of modern compulsion schooling as opposed to genuine education , describing a `` conflict between systems which offer physical safety and certainty at the cost of suppressing free will , and those which offer liberty at the price of constant risk '' .   Gatto argues that educational strategies promoted by government and industry leaders for over a century included the creation of a system that keeps real power in the hands of very few people .   From the book 's Introduction :  '' ... Underground History is n't a history proper , but a collection of materials toward a history , embedded in a personal essay analyzing why mass compulsion schooling is unreformable . The history I have unearthed is important to our understanding ; it 's a good start , I believe , but much remains undone . ''   '' ... what I 'm trying to describe -LSB- is -RSB- that what has happened to our schools was inherent in the original design for a planned economy and a planned society laid down so proudly at the end of the nineteenth century . ''   Russ Kick offers this in summary :  `` In other words , the captains of industry and government explicitly wanted an educational system that would maintain social order by teaching us just enough to get by but not enough so that we could think for ourselves , question the sociopolitical order , or communicate articulately . ''   The book was read from 2006-2007 for the Unwelcome Guests radio show .   The second edition of the book is expected to be released in November , 2015 , with a foreword by Ron Paul .

neg: Antony Gardner Antony John Gardner ( 27 December 1927 -- 16 October 2011 ) was a British Labour Party politician . He sat in the House of Commons from 1966 to 1970 .   Gardener was educated at an elementary school and then at Co-operative College and the University of Southampton .   He worked in the engineering industry , then did national service , after which he worked in the building trade until 1953 . He was President of the Southampton University Union from 1958 to 1959 , and worked as an education officer for the Co-operative Union from 1959 to 1966 .   He unsuccessfully contested Wolverhampton South West at the 1964 general election , and was elected at the 1966 general election as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Rushcliffe . He was defeated at the 1970 general election by Kenneth Clarke of the Conservative Party . After his defeat , he became the principal information officer of the Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work .   At the February 1974 and October 1974 general elections , Gardner stood unsuccessful in the Beeston constituency .   He moved to the south coast and at the 1994 European Parliament election stood for Labour in Dorset and East Devon . He died on 16 October 2011 .

neg: Gerald Gardner (Wiccan) Gerald Brosseau Gardner ( 1884 -- 1964 ) , also known by the craft name Scire , was an English Wiccan , as well as an author and an amateur anthropologist and archaeologist . He was instrumental in bringing the Contemporary Pagan religion of Wicca to public attention , writing some of its definitive religious texts and founding the tradition of Gardnerian Wicca .   Born into an upper-middle-class family in Blundellsands , Lancashire , Gardner spent much of his childhood abroad in Madeira . In 1900 , he moved to colonial Ceylon , and then in 1911 to Malaya , where he worked as a civil servant , independently developing an interest in the native peoples and writing papers and a book about their magical practices . After his retirement in 1936 , he travelled to Cyprus , penning the novel A Goddess Arrives before returning to England . Settling down near the New Forest , he joined an occult group , the Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship , through which he claimed to have encountered the New Forest coven into which he was initiated in 1939 . Believing the coven to be a survival of the pre-Christian Witch-Cult discussed in the works of Margaret Murray , he decided to revive the faith , supplementing the coven 's rituals with ideas borrowed from Freemasonry , ceremonial magic and the writings of Aleister Crowley to form the Gardnerian tradition of Wicca .   Moving to London in 1945 , following the repeal of the Witchcraft Act of 1736 he became intent on propagating this religion , attracting media attention and writing about it in High Magic 's Aid ( 1949 ) , Witchcraft Today ( 1954 ) and The Meaning of Witchcraft ( 1959 ) . Founding a Wiccan group known as the Bricket Wood coven , he introduced a string of High Priestesses into the religion , including Doreen Valiente , Lois Bourne , Patricia Crowther and Eleanor Bone , through which the Gardnerian community spread throughout Britain and subsequently into Australia and the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . Involved for a time with Cecil Williamson , Gardner also became director of the Museum of Magic and Witchcraft on the Isle of Man , which he ran until his death .   Gardner is internationally recognised as the `` Father of Wicca '' among the Pagan and occult communities . His claims regarding the New Forest coven have been widely scrutinised , with Gardner being the subject of investigation for historians and biographers such as Aidan Kelly , Ronald Hutton and Philip Heselton .

neg: Helen Schucman Helen Cohn Schucman ( July 14 , 1909 -- February 9 , 1981 ) was an American clinical and research psychologist from New York City . She was a professor of medical psychology at Columbia University in New York from 1958 until her retirement in 1976 . Schucman is best known for having `` scribed '' with the help of colleague William Thetford the book A Course in Miracles ( 1st edition , 1975 ) , the contents of which she claimed to have been given to her by an inner voice she identified as Jesus . However , as per her request , her role as its `` writer '' was not revealed to the general public until after her death .

neg: An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings .   Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful .   Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .

neg: Helen White Helen White may refer to ;   Helen C. White ( 1896 -- 1967 ) , English professor  Helen Magill White ( 1853 -- 1944 ) , first US woman to earn a Ph.D. .  Helen Raskin White ( born 1949 ) , professor of Sociology at the Center for Alcohol Studies at Rutgers University

neg: Helen Mason Helen Mason may refer to :   Helen Mason ( endocrinologist ) , British endocrinologist  Helen Mason ( journalist ) ( 1938 -- 1989 ) , British journalist and children 's author  Helen Mason ( physicist ) , British theoretical physicist  Helen Mason ( potter ) ( 1915 -- 2014 ) , New Zealand potter

neg: Helen Baker (author) Helen Baker , ( born 18 April 1948 in England ) is an English author .   Baker studied economics at the University of York before obtaining a bilingual secretarial certificate from the City of London College and a Certificate of Education from Wolverhampton Technical Teachers ' College . She is best known for her books concerning personal finance , particularly Money Matters For Women ( 1993 ) published by Penguin , later updated as Wealth For Women ( 2005 ) : Another major theme in her work is Teaching English as a Foreign Language in such books as Teaching A Frenchman English - In and Out of Bed ( 2011 ) and English - Laugh And Learn ( 2006 ) .   More recently she has written eight novels based on Jane Austen 's books , continuations like Playfulness ( 2008 ) , a continuation of Jane Austen 's Mansfield Park , completions like The Brothers By Jane Austen And Another Lady ( 2011 ) and a complete revamping like Miss Jane Austen 's Lady Susan -- Revived ( 2010 ) . She has also published many travelogues , drawing on her own experience as an expatriate .

neg: Mary Helen Stefaniak Mary Helen Stefaniak is an American writer . She comes from the family of Croats from Hungary , that originates from Novo Selo ( Tótújfalu ) in Hungary , being thus a part of the indigenous Croatian minority in that country . She is the author of the books Self Storage and Other Stories , The Turk and My Mother , and The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia . Her collection of short stories Self Storage and Other Stories , received the Banta Award from the Wisconsin Library Association for the best book ( fiction or non-fiction ) published by a Wisconsin author in 1997 . She is also the winner of the Binghamton University John Gardner Fiction Book Award for her first novel , The Turk and My Mother , which has been translated into several languages . Stefaniak has been featured twice in the anthology New Stories from the South : The Year 's Best , ( 2000 and 2006 ) . In September 2010 , independent publishers rated her novel The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia as an Indie-Next `` Great Read '' .   She teaches creative writing at Creighton University in Omaha , Nebraska and is a faculty mentor at Pacific University in Forest Grove , Oregon . She and her husband live in Iowa City . They have a son , Jeff , and two daughters , Liz and Lauren .   In 2011 , she won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for The Cailiffs of Baghdad , Georgia . Anisfield-Wolf awards `` recognize books that have made important contributions to our understanding of racism and our appreciation for the rich diversity of human cultures . ''

neg: Race and intelligence The connection between race and intelligence has been a subject of debate in both popular science and academic research since the inception of IQ testing in the early 20th century . The debate concerns the interpretation of research findings that test takers identifying as White tend on average to score higher than test takers of African ancestry on IQ tests , and subsequent findings that test takers of East Asian background tend to score higher than whites .   The first test showing differences in IQ test results between different population groups in the US was the tests of United States Army recruits in World War I . In the 1920s groups of eugenics lobbyists argued that this demonstrated that African-Americans and certain immigrant groups were of inferior intellect to Anglo-Saxon whites due to innate biological differences , using this as an argument for policies of racial segregation . Soon , other studies appeared , contesting these conclusions and arguing instead that the Army tests had not adequately controlled for the environmental factors such as socio-economic and educational inequality between African-Americans and Whites . The debate reemerged again in 1969 , when Arthur Jensen championed the view that for genetic reasons Africans were less intelligent than whites and that compensatory education for African-American children was therefore doomed to be ineffective . In 1994 , the book The Bell Curve argued that social inequality in the United States could largely be explained as a result of IQ differences between races and individuals rather than being their cause , and rekindled the public and scholarly debate with renewed force . During the debates following the book 's publication the American Anthropological Association and the American Psychological Association ( APA ) published official statements regarding the issue , both highly skeptical of some of the book 's claims , although the APA report called for more empirical research on the issue .   In subsequent decades much research has been published about the relationships between hereditary influences on IQ , group differences in intelligence , race , environmental influences on IQ . Particularly contentious in the ongoing debate has been the definition of both the concept `` race '' and the concept `` intelligence '' , and especially whether they can in fact be objectively defined and operationalized .

neg: Helen Miller (songwriter) Helen Miller ( 30 June 1925 -- 2 February 2006 ) was an American songwriter . She collaborated with several lyricists , notably Howard Greenfield in the early 1960s , and with him wrote several pop hits , including `` Foolish Little Girl '' by The Shirelles , and `` It Hurts To Be In Love '' by Gene Pitney .

neg: Edna Gallmon Cooke Madame Edna Gallmon Cooke ( 1918 - September 4 , 1967 ) was a renowned gospel singer and recording artist from 1949 until her death in 1967 . Personal information about Ms. Cooke is scarce and most of her biographical details have been gleaned from the liner notes of her various albums . Ms. Gallmon Cooke is best known for her recordings of `` Stop Gambler '' and `` Heavy Load '' .   Born in Columbia , South Carolina in 1918 , the daughter of a Baptist preacher , Reverend Eddie J. Gallmon also a former pastor at Bethlehem Baptist Church ( College place ) . Edna Gallmon Cooke was more formally educated and musically trained than most of her gospel peers . As a young adult , she lived and studied in Washington D.C. and Philadelphia , attending Temple University and briefly teaching elementary school . She had contemplated a career in semi-classics and show tunes when she underwent a musical conversion of sorts after hearing gospel singer , Willie Mae Ford Smith in the late 1930s . `` I was shocked . The woman sang with such finesse ... I knew I had to be a gospel singer . '' Shortly after , Ms. Gallmon Cooke joined the Holiness Church and became preeminently consecrated -- with the Holiness Church bestowing the honorific ` Madame ' to her name to announce her devotion .   During the 1940s , Madame Gallmon Cooke toured the Southeast , billed as the `` Sweetheart of the Potomac '' . She performed hymns and gospel songs in the manner of Willie Mae Ford Smith , but her mezzo-soprano could not duplicate Smith 's contralto blasts . Elaborating on that style , Gallmon Cooke returned to familiar sources , popularizing the sermonettes and spirituals her father Eddie Gallmon had performed in the 1920s . Madame Gallmon Cooke became a `` transcendent moaner and a mistress of what note-bending musicologists call melisma and church folks call curlicues , runs and flowers and frills . '' Ms. Cooke began recording in the late 1940s for the Nashboro Recording Label in Nashville , TN usually accompanied by her father 's choir , The Young People 's Choir of the Springfield Baptist Church of Washington , DC . Her later recordings included male vocal groups .   Madame Gallmon Cooke 's commanding switch in styles occurred after her marriage to Barney Parks , Jr. , a former member of The Dixie Hummingbirds and a founder of The Sensational Nightingales . They had met in 1951 when Marie Knight , Rosetta Tharpe 's old partner , organized a tour featuring herself , Cooke , and The Nightingales . Under Park 's management and direction , Madame Edna Gallmon Cooke became a household name in gospel . It is suspected that the name Cooke was from her first marriage which ended because of the death of her husband .   The liner notes to `` Mother Smith and Her Children '' describes Madame Cooke as `` an exquisite stylist , with a sensuous appeal akin to Billie Holiday . She is referred to as rap music 's gospel progenitor ; a penchant for rhymed , spoken chants produced her most famous recordings . ''   Ms. Cooke died in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania on September 4 , 1967 . She was 49 years old .

neg: Hidden curriculum A hidden curriculum is a side effect of an education , '' -LSB- lessons -RSB- which are learned but not openly intended '' such as the transmission of norms , values , and beliefs conveyed in the classroom and the social environment .   Any learning experience may teach unintended lessons . Hidden curriculum often refers to knowledge gained in primary and secondary school settings , usually with a negative connotation where the school strives for equal intellectual development ( as a positive aim ) . In this sense , a hidden curriculum reinforces existing social inequalities by educating students according to their class and social status . The unequal distribution of cultural capital in a society mirrors a corresponding distribution of knowledge among its students .

neg: Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 .   In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .

neg: The Frost King `` The Frost King '' was a short story about King Jack Frost written by 11-year-old Helen Keller . Keller 's teacher , Anne Sullivan , had mentioned that the autumn leaves were `` painted ruby , emerald , gold , crimson , and brown , '' and Keller , by her own account , imagined fairies doing the work . Keller wrote a story about how a cask of jewels , being transported by fairy servants , had melted in the sun and covered the leaves . As a birthday gift , Keller sent the story to Michael Anagnos , head of the Perkins School for the Blind , who published the story in The Mentor , the Perkins alumni magazine . It was picked up by The Goodson Gazette , a journal on deaf-blind education , based in Virginia .

neg: Howard Sprague Howard Sprague is a fictional character on the CBS television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show ( TAGS ) , and its spin-off Mayberry R.F.D. . He was played by Jack Dodson from 1966-71 .   He was characterized by his milquetoast demeanor , moustache , bow ties , and a penchant for philosophy and culture . Howard was a repressed Mother 's boy who lived with his overbearing and manipulative mother , played by Mabel Albertson . ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 ) . He appeared as the county clerk during the later color episodes of The Andy Griffith Show ( and continued onto Mayberry R.F.D. ) . While Jack Dodson made an earlier appearance as an insurance agent named Ed Jenkins ( TAGS , `` Lost and Found '' , episode 178 ) , he first appeared as Howard in the sixth season ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 . ) This was not unusual on the show : other TAGS regulars were first introduced with different names : Hope Summers , who played Clara Edwards , first appeared as Bertha Johnson ; Goober Pyle was first called Goober Beasley ; and Arlene Golonka , who played Millie Swanson , was introduced as Millie Hutchins .   Due to his upbringing , Howard was socially stymied , especially when it came to dating . His mother even tried to thwart a double date he had with Sheriff Andy Taylor , Helen Crump , and a nurse , by feigning heart palpitations ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 ) . Later , when Howard was about to join a men 's social club , his mother manipulated Goober Pyle with a sob story in an attempt to blackball his membership ( TAGS , `` The Lodge '' , episode # 192 ) . Opie once said Howard threw a baseball `` just like Aunt Bee '' .   When his mother remarried and moved to Mount Pilot , Howard sought to metamorphosize into a swinging hipster ( TAGS , `` The Wedding '' , episode # 246 ) . Wearing a smoking jacket and ascot , his plain home became a mod bachelor pad , with threshold-beads , and floor pillows . In the episode `` Howard 's New Life '' , he tried to recreate himself by moving to a Caribbean island ( St. Benedict 's ) to become a beachcomber . Bored , he soon returned to Mayberry and resumed his drab bureaucratic job .   Howard 's brief love interest/fiancee on The Andy Griffith Show was Millie Swanson ( Arlene Golonka ) , a character who later dated Sam Jones ( Ken Berry ) on the spin-off series Mayberry R.F.D. Millie and Howard soon realized their incompatibility and mutually agreed to dissolve the relationship right before they were to wed. .   Despite his awkwardness , Howard proved to be quite a sportsman . He caught `` Old Sam '' , the much coveted legendary fish in Tucker 's Lake , thus antagonizing the town 's seasoned anglers ( TAGS , `` Big Fish In A Small Town '' , episode # 198 ) . He also proved to be an excellent bowler , after joining Emmett Clark 's bowling team and astonishing everyone by scoring a perfect game ( TAGS , `` Howard The Bowler '' , episode # 224 ) . Howard even parachuted from an airplane to appease a thrill-seeking lady friend ( Mayberry RFD , `` Howard 's Hobby '' , episode # 18 ) .   Howard had two brushes with stardom . First he appeared on the `` Colonel Tims Talent Time '' television show performing his stand-up comedy act , which consisted of personal affronts to his neighbors and `` one-horse '' jokes about Mayberry , causing him to be temporarily snubbed by the townsfolk ( TAGS , `` Howard The Comedian '' , episode # 216 ) . Mayberry city council once sent him with Emmett Clark to a New York City TV station to promote traditional , small town values . Howard soon did a backspin and became an unabashed New Yorker , replete with a loud , paisley Nehru suit and hair bangs ( Mayberry RFD , `` The Panel '' , episode 6 ) .   In the 1986 television movie Return to Mayberry , Howard was revisited ( along with most of the surviving cast ) . In a funk about aging , the clerk was seen throughout the movie in various hues of hair color .   He appeared in character on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show in the 1990 episode ` The Day Howard Moved In ' .

neg: Feeble-minded The term feeble-minded was used from the late nineteenth century in Great Britain , Europe and the United States for disorders later referred to as illnesses or deficiencies of the mind .   At the time , mental deficiency encompassed all degrees of educational and social deficiency . Within the concept of mental deficiency , researchers established a hierarchy , ranging from idiocy , at the most severe end of the scale ; to imbecility , at the median point ; and to feeble-mindedness at the highest end of functioning . The latter was conceived of as a form of high-grade mental deficiency .   The development of the ranking system of mental deficiency has been attributed to Sir Charles Trevelyan in 1876 , and was associated with the rise of eugenics . The term and hierarchy had been used in that sense at least ten years previously . `` Wild card '' terms outside the established hierarchy such as idiot savant , may have been used as connotations for varying degrees of autism .

neg: Logan family (historical) The Logan family is a group of Americans descended from Warren Logan and his wife Adella Hunt Logan , African Americans who were born into slavery shortly before the American Civil War . After emancipation , they established a tradition of `` education and decorum as a way to transcend racial restrictions '' . They and their descendants became part of the black elite .   Warren was born into slavery in Virginia in 1857 . At emancipation he took the surname Logan . He gained an education and by 1877 worked as a teacher at Tuskegee Normal School in Alabama .   As a young educated man in the period after the Reconstruction era , he pushed against social restraints imposed by white supremacists , trying with a group of friends to use their first-class train tickets between Montgomery and Selma , Alabama . They were ordered to the Jim Crow car and ejected when they hesitated to move . Logan became the first treasurer of Tuskegee Institute in 1882 , and is described as the closest confidante of institute 's head , Booker T. Washington .   In 1888 Logan married Adella Hunt , also a teacher at Tuskegee . She was born in February , 1863 in Sparta , Georgia , to a free African-American mother and white farmer father . Her father maintained relations with her mother and their family of eight children . He aided Adella financially so that she could attend Atlanta University , where she graduated in 1881 . She became a teacher at Tuskegee in 1883 . Both the Hunts and Logans considered education the key to the advancement of people of color in society . Teaching English and social sciences , Hunt succeeded Olivia A. Davidson as Lady Principal when , in 1885 , Davidson married Booker T. Washington , head of the institute .   Adella Hunt Logan is known as an educator and an administrator . She supported women 's suffrage , lectured at NAACP conferences and published articles in its Crisis magazine . She is also remembered for her essay , `` What Are the Causes of the Great Mortality Among the Negroes of the Cities of the South , and How Is That Mortality to Be Lessened ? '' ( 1902 ) In 1915 , she was hospitalized for depression . Learning of Booker T. Washington 's last illness , she returned to the institute . Washington died November 14 and Adella continued to struggle with depression . She committed suicide by jumping from the top floor of one of the school buildings on December 12 .   Hunt and Logan had nine children ; six survived to adulthood and became educated .  Arthur C. Logan ( c. 1905 -1973 ) was the youngest . He became a surgeon in New York City , and served also as personal physician to musician and composer Duke Ellington from 1937 , and to Billy Strayhorn . Strayhorn 's composition `` U.M.M.G. ( Upper Manhattan Medical Group ) '' honored Logan among the founders and partners of the ground-breaking clinic . Logan was appointed by Mayor Robert F. Wagner as first chairman of the New York City Council Against Poverty .  Arthur Logan first married Wenonah Bond , also a woman of color . They had a daughter Adele Logan before their divorce . She attended the Ethical Culture Fieldston Schools in New York , as had her father . Later she earned a doctorate in history and became a professor at George Washington University . As Adele Logan Alexander , she has written extensively on African-American history , including a detailed history of her families , Homelands and Waterways , tracing their journeys from slavery . She is married to Clifford Alexander , Jr. ( born 1933 ) , who is the first African American to serve as Secretary of the Army .  Their daughter Elizabeth Alexander ( born 1962 ) is a poet and professor at Yale University in literature and gender studies . She read from her work at the inauguration of Barack Obama in 2009 .  Their son Mark C. Alexander is a law professor at Seton Hall University and a political organizer and aide , having served as state organizer for President Barack Obama 's first campaign in New Jersey and as an advisor . He has also worked with Mayor Cory Booker of Newark , and US Senators Edward Kennedy and Bill Bradley .  Arthur Logan secondly married Marian Bruce ( 1919 - November 25 , 1993 ) , a cabaret singer and recording artist . She became politically active , working with the NAACP and serving as a Board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC ) . In addition , she was a Democratic campaign worker , and was appointed as head of the New York City Commission on Human Rights in 1977 - ' 79 . ( She appears in the documentary Duke Ellington : Reminiscing in Tempo , 1991 , American Experience , PBS . )  Arthur and Marian had one child , son Warren Arthur Logan ( born 1963 ) .  In 1991 Warren Arthur Logan married Julie Lizabeth Wagman of New York City ; she is the daughter of Karen Kronenberg of New York and Martin Wagman of Roslyn , Long Island . Logan was then working as an investigator for United Claims Service , and was a partner in a company importing African art .