query: Philadelphia is an economic center.

pos: Philadelphia Philadelphia ( -LSB- ˌfɪləˈdɛlfi.ə -RSB- ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States , with an estimated population of 1,567,872 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area , . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States .   In 1682 , William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787 . Several other key Philadelphia events during the Revolution include the First and Second Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , the Siege of Fort Mifflin , and the Philadelphia Convention . Philadelphia was one of the nation 's capitals in the Revolutionary War , and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. , was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants . The majority of European immigrants have come from Ireland , Italy and Germany -- the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city . The city became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration of the 20th century , as well as Puerto Ricans , surpassing two million occupants by 1950 .   The area 's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination , as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub . With a gross domestic product of $ 388 billion , Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation . Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies . The Philadelphia skyline is growing , with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several nationally prominent skyscrapers . The city is known for its arts , culture , and rich history , attracting over 41 million domestic tourists alone in 2015 . Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city . Fairmount Park , when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed , is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States . The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $ 10 billion generated by tourism . Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps , and is also the home of many U.S. firsts , including the first library ( 1731 ) , first hospital ( 1751 ) and medical school ( 1765 ) , first Capital ( 1777 ) , first stock exchange ( 1790 ) , first zoo ( 1874 ) , and first business school ( 1881 ) . Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States .

neg: New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies .   This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % .   The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .

neg: United States Mint The United States Mint produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce , as well as controlling the movement of bullion . It does not produce paper money . That responsibility belongs to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing . The Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792 , and soon joined by other centres , whose coins were identified by their own mint marks . There are currently four active coin-producing mints : Philadelphia , Denver , San Francisco , and West Point .

neg: Schuylkill River The Schuylkill River ( -LSB- ˈskuːlkɪl -RSB- , locally -LSB- ` sku : kəl -RSB- ) is an important river running west to east in eastern Pennsylvania , which was improved by navigations into the Schuylkill Canal . Several of its tributaries drain major parts of the center-southern and easternmost Coal Regions in the state . Originating from waters in the Anthracite Coal Region , millions of tons of coal enabling the iron and steel based industries of America 's largest city of the day made their way down the waterway to make a great dent in the 19th-century 's energy needs . It flows for 135 mi before joining the Delaware River as one of its largest tributaries in Philadelphia .   In 1682 William Penn chose the left bank of the confluence upon which he founded the planned city of Philadelphia on lands purchased from the native Delaware nation . It is a designated Pennsylvania Scenic River , and its whole length was once part of the Delaware people 's southern territories and the historic and economically impactful Schuylkill Canal . The waters of its upper end rise in what are justly called the richest anthracite coal fields in the world .   The river 's watershed of about 2000 mi2 lies entirely within the state of Pennsylvania , the upper portions in the Ridge-and-valley Appalachian Mountains where the folding of the mountain ridges metamorphically modified bituminous into widespread anthracite deposits located north of the Blue Mountain barrier ridge . The source of its eastern branch is in lands now heavily mined situated one ridgeline south of Tuscarora Lake along a drainage divide from the Little Schuylkill about a mile east of the village of Tuscarora and about a mile west of Tamaqua , at Tuscarora Springs in Schuylkill County . The West Branch starts near Minersville and joins the eastern branch at the town of Schuylkill Haven . It then combines with the Little Schuylkill River downstream in the town of Port Clinton . The Tulpehocken Creek joins it at the western edge of Reading . Wissahickon Creek joins it in northwest Philadelphia . Other major tributaries include : Maiden Creek , Manatawny Creek , French Creek , and Perkiomen Creek . The Schuylkill joins the Delaware at the site of the former Philadelphia Navy Yard , now the Philadelphia Naval Business Center , just northeast of Philadelphia International Airport .

neg: Cuisine of Philadelphia The cuisine of Philadelphia was shaped largely by the city 's mixture of ethnicities , available foodstuffs and history . Certain foods have become iconic to the city . Invented in Philadelphia in the 1930s , the cheesesteak is the most well known icon of the city , and soft pretzels have become a part of Philadelphia culture . The late 19th century saw the creation of two Philadelphia landmarks , the Reading Terminal Market and Italian Market . After a dismal restaurant scene during the post-war era of the 20th century , the 1970s brought a restaurant renaissance that has continued into the 21st century .   Many foods and drinks associated with Philadelphia can also commonly be linked with the Pennsylvania Dutch .

neg: Philadelphia Bulletin For the 2004 resurrection of the Bulletin , see The Bulletin ( newspaper ) .   The Philadelphia Bulletin was a daily evening newspaper published from 1847 to 1982 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was the largest circulation newspaper in Philadelphia for 76 years and was once the largest evening newspaper in the United States . Its widely known slogan was : `` In Philadelphia , nearly everybody reads The Bulletin . ''   Describing the Bulletin 's style , publisher William L. McLean once said : `` I think the Bulletin operates on a principle which in the long run is unbeatable . This is that it enters the reader 's home as a guest . Therefore , it should behave as a guest , telling the news rather than shouting it . '' As Time magazine later noted : `` In its news columns , the Bulletin was solid if unspectacular . Local affairs were covered extensively , but politely . Muckraking was frowned upon . ''

neg: Greater Philadelphia Expo Center The Greater Philadelphia Expo Center at Oaks is an exhibition center located in Oaks , Pennsylvania , which is approximately seven miles NW of King of Prussia via the Pottstown Expressway ( U.S. Route 422 . ) It has four adjoining exhibit halls , 15 meeting rooms , two small food courts , and a total area of over 240,000 square feet on one floor . It is among the largest suburban exposition centers on the East Coast of the United States .

neg: Philadelphia Commercial Museum The Philadelphia Commercial Museum ( also known as the International Bureau of Commerce ; later , Museum of the Philadelphia Civic Center ) was established in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Situated at 332 South Fourth Street , its purpose was to promote domestic and foreign commerce as well as to collect products and information regarding world trade . It was the first US institution that actively promoted the country 's industry and business in foreign markets .

neg: Philadelphia Media Network Philadelphia Media Network LLC is an American media company . It owns The Philadelphia Inquirer , Philadelphia Daily News , and the newspapers ' joint web portal Philly.com . The company is owned by The Philadelphia Foundation , a nonprofit organization in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , U.S.A.   Philadelphia Media Network ( PMN ) was formed and initially owned by the creditors of Philadelphia Media Holdings ( PMH ) , acquired out of Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection . The company sold its inherited community newspaper division in December 2010 . A group of local investors -- under the corporate name of Interstate General Media LLC -- bought the company for $ 55 million in April 2012 . Publisher and chief executive officer Greg Osberg stepped down on 11 May 2012 . He was replaced by Bob Hall , 67 , the publisher of the Daily News and Inquirer from 1990 to 2003 , when the papers were owned by Knight Ridder . Philadelphia Media Network was purchased by Philadelphia businessman H. F. `` Gerry '' Lenfest in 2014 . Lenfest donated the company to The Philadelphia Foundation , a nonprofit organization , in 2016 .

neg: Service economy Service economy can refer to one or both of two recent economic developments :  The increased importance of the service sector in industrialized economies . The current list of Fortune 500 companies contains more service companies and fewer manufacturers than in previous decades .  The relative importance of service in a product offering . The service economy in developing countries is mostly concentrated in financial services , hospitality , retail , health , human services , information technology and education . Products today have a higher service component than in previous decades . In the management literature this is referred to as the servitization of products or a product-service system . Virtually every product today has a service component to it .   The old dichotomy between product and service has been replaced by a service-product continuum . Many products are being transformed into services .   For example , IBM treats its business as a service business . Although it still manufactures computers , it sees the physical goods as a small part of the `` business solutions '' industry . They have found that the price elasticity of demand for `` business solutions '' is much less than for hardware . There has been a corresponding shift to a subscription pricing model . Rather than receiving a single payment for a piece of manufactured equipment , many manufacturers are now receiving a steady stream of revenue for ongoing contracts .   Full cost accounting and most accounting reform and monetary reform measures are usually thought to be impossible to achieve without a good model of the service economy .

neg: Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham ( -LSB- ˈbɜrmɪŋhæm -RSB- ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County . The city 's population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census . In the 2010 US Census , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047 , which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama 's population .   Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period , through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns , notably , former Elyton . It was named for Birmingham , England , one of the UK 's major industrial cities . The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad transportation center , based on mining , the new iron and steel industry , and railroading . Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where cheap , non-unionized , and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces , giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast .   From its founding through the end of the 1960s , Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States . Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South . Its major industries were iron and steel production , plus a major component of the railroading industry . Rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham . The two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham , since the 1860s . The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century . Banking , telecommunications , transportation , electrical power transmission , medical care , college education , and insurance have become major economic activities . Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the United States and as one of the most important business centers in the Southeast .   In higher education , Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine ( formerly the Medical College of Alabama ) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947 . Since that time it has also gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( founded circa 1969 ) , one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System . It is also home to three private institutions : Samford University , Birmingham-Southern College , and Miles College . In total , the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine , dentistry , optometry , physical therapy , pharmacy , law , engineering , and nursing . The city has three of the state 's five law schools : Cumberland School of Law , Birmingham School of Law , and Miles Law School . Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference , and Southeastern Conference , one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences .

neg: Economy of Alaska The 2007 gross state product was $ 44.9 billion , 45th in the nation . Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $ 40,042 , ranking 15th in the nation . The state 's economy has been described by University of Alaska Anchorage economist Scott Goldsmith as a `` three-legged stool '' - with one leg being the petroleum and gas industry , the second leg being the federal government and the third leg being all other industries and services . Between 2004 and 2006 , the federal government was responsible for 135,000 Alaska jobs , the petroleum sector provided 110,000 jobs and all other industries and services combined for 122,000 jobs .   Alaska 's main export product after oil and natural gas is seafood , primarily salmon , cod , Pollock and crab .   Agriculture represents only a fraction of the Alaskan economy . Agricultural production is primarily for consumption within the state and includes nursery stock , dairy products , vegetables , and livestock . Manufacturing is limited , with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere .   Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction , shipping , and transportation . Military bases are a significant component of the economy in both Fairbanks and Anchorage . Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy , allowing the state to keep taxes low . Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum , natural gas , coal , gold , precious metals , zinc and other mining , seafood processing , timber and wood products . There is also a growing service and tourism sector . Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging .

neg: Transportation in New Jersey Transportation in New Jersey utilizes a combination of road , rail , air , and water modes . New Jersey is situated between Philadelphia and New York City , two major metropolitan centers of the Boston-Washington megalopolis , making it a regional corridor for transportation . As a result , New Jersey 's freeways carry high volumes of interstate traffic and products . The main thoroughfare for long distance travel is the New Jersey Turnpike , the nation 's fifth-busiest toll road . The Garden State Parkway connects the state 's densely populated north to its southern shore region . New Jersey has the 4th smallest area of U.S. states , but its population density of 1,196 persons per sq. mi ( 462 persons per km2 ) causes congestion to be a major issue for motorists .   New Jersey has a statewide mass transit system , centered on transportation to New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey Transit , the chief operator of intrastate public transportation , manages three separate light rail systems , eleven commuter rail lines , and a statewide bus system . The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH ) links transportation hubs in Manhattan and northeastern New Jersey , while the PATCO Speedline connects downtown Philadelphia to Camden County , New Jersey . Intercity rail is operated by Amtrak along the Northeast Corridor between the major population centers of the Northeastern United States . In addition , New Jersey is home to Newark Liberty International Airport , the nation 's fifth-busiest international gateway , and the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , the principal container ship facility of the New York metropolitan area .

neg: Post-industrial economy A post-industrial economy refers to a period of growth within an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces and that of services , information , and research grows .  Such economies are often marked by :  A declining manufacturing sector , resulting in deindustrialization ,  a large service sector , and  an increase in the amount of information technology , often leading to an `` information age '' . Information , knowledge , and creativity are the new raw materials of such an economy .   The industry aspect of a post-industrial economy is sent into less developed nations which manufacture what is needed at lower costs ( see outsourcing ) . This occurrence is typical of nations that industrialized in the past such as the United States and most Western European countries .

neg: Old City Hall (Philadelphia) Old City Hall located at Chestnut Street at 5th Street in the Independence Hall complex of Independence National Historical Park in Center City , Philadelphia , was built in 1790-91 in the Federal style . The architect was David Evans , Jr. . Although originally intended as Philadelphia 's City Hall , it served as the home of the U.S. Supreme Court from completion of its construction in 1791 until 1800 , when the national capital was moved to Washington , D.C.   Afterward , the building continued to serve as Philadelphia 's City Hall until 1854 . It is a contributing property to Independence National Historical Park . The owner is the City of Philadelphia , which leases the building to the National Park Service .

neg: Commerce Square Commerce Square is a Class-A , high-rise office building complex in Center City Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States . Commerce Square consists of One and Two Commerce Square , two identical 41-story office towers 565 ft high that surround a paved courtyard of 30000 sqft . Architecturally , the granite-clad towers feature setbacks on the north and south sides of the building and are topped with a pair of stone diamonds with cutout squares in the center . The towers were built as part an office-building boom Philadelphia was experiencing on West Market Street in the late 1980s . Designed by IM Pei & Partners ( now called Pei Cobb Freed & Partners ) , the towers were developed in a joint venture between Maguire Thomas Partners and IBM . IBM also leased more than half of One Commerce Square for the company 's Mid-Atlantic headquarters . Construction of the first phase , which included One Commerce Square , the plaza , and retail space , began in 1985 and was completed in 1987 . The project 's second phase , Two Commerce Square , did not begin until a lead tenant was secured for the building in 1990 . Consolidated Rail Corporation ( Conrail ) agreed to be Two Commerce Square 's lead tenant and make the skyscraper its corporate headquarters after a two-year search for office space in the region . Two Commerce Square ended the skyscraper construction boom of the 1980s when it was completed in 1992 . No other office skyscraper was built in Philadelphia until Brandywine Realty Trust ( NYSE : BDN ) built the Cira Centre in 2005 .   In the 1990s , Commerce Square 's lead tenants reduced their presence dramatically in the towers . IBM moved some of its operations out of Philadelphia in the early 1990s , and Conrail was bought by Norfolk Southern Railway and CSX Transportation later in the decade . Almost all of Conrail 's operations were moved out of Philadelphia by the 2000s . Commerce Square was praised mainly for its design of two towers surrounding a plaza . Renowned Philadelphia urban planner Edmund N. Bacon praised Commerce Square and its plaza by saying it `` will prove to be one of the finest commercial projects to be built in this century '' .

neg: Outline of Philadelphia The following outline of Philadelphia is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Philadelphia topics on Wikipedia .   Philadelphia -- largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , the second largest city on the East Coast of the United States , and the fifth-most-populous city in the United States . It is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers , and it is the only consolidated city-county in Pennsylvania . As of the , the city had a population of 1,526,006 , growing to 1,547,607 in 2012 by Census estimates . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural center of the , home to over 6 million people and the country 's sixth-largest metropolitan area .

neg: Westline The Westline is a fictional line describing the movement of the commercial centre of maritime trade over the past 5000 years .   The first recorded acts of trade by sea were found in Mesopotamia around 3000BC . From there , the center of maritime trade moved westwards , from Tyre in Lebanon to Rhodes , the Greek Peninsula around 300BC and later to Rome , which dominated the western Mediterranean around 100BC . Much later , around 1000AD , Venice and Genoa became the predominant sea trade centers , largely because of the opening up of new trade possibilities in the north - western European cities of Cologne , Bruges , Antwerp and Amsterdam . Around 1400AD the cities of the Hanseatic League connected trading nodes of the Baltic and Russia .  These two currents met in Amsterdam in the seventeenth century , and about a century later in London .   The arrival of steam ships made regular Atlantic crossings possible , and instigated a shift of important maritime trade centers to North America , with its power gaining steadily in the period from 1880 onwards . In the 1950s , the rising economic powers of Japan , South Korea , China and India carried the Westline further on westwards .

neg: Allegheny Conference The Allegheny Conference on Community Development is an nonprofit , private sector leadership organization dedicated to economic development and quality of life issues for a 10-county region in southwestern Pennsylvania , United States .   It grew from efforts in the 1940s to coordinate improvements to regional transportation and the local environment . During World War II , the Pittsburgh Regional Planning Association President Richard King Mellon , Carnegie Institute of Technology President Robert Doherty , and others organized local leaders to create a postwar planning committee . Pittsburgh Mayor David L. Lawrence and Allegheny County Commissioner John Kane were early recruits . The Allegheny Conference was officially established in 1944 .   The city 's most visible problem in the first half of the 20th century was air pollution . The Conference brokered an agreement for phased-in implementation of smoke control that became city policy . After the Conference voiced its concern for legal loopholes to the state legislature in Harrisburg , Pennsylvania , a comprehensive anti-pollution law was passed in 1949 for Allegheny County .   The clearer skies over the city both attracted new business and encouraged local corporations to retain and expand their Pittsburgh headquarters . The pollution-control program explicitly influenced the decision of the Equitable Life Assurance Society to invest in planning the Gateway Center project , a keystone of economic revitalization in Downtown Pittsburgh during Renaissance I . This also led to the development of Point State Park . The Conference also played a role in the appropriation of funds for the construction of flood control dams on the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers .   In the 1940s and 1950s , mass transit in Allegheny County was in jeopardy because of 40 private transit companies and increased competition from cars . The Conference released a report in 1951 calling for all local transit lines to be under one authority . Public suspicions and private interests delayed the measure until service cutbacks and strikes rekindled the idea in 1957 . The Conference was instrumental in building public and private support . In 1959 , legislation was passed to create the Port Authority of Allegheny County , and the first buses were rolling in 1964 .   Allegheny Conference is a longtime partner with the RIDC . In 1981 it formed the Regional Economic Development Committee with the RIDC that included `` 18 of the region 's top corporate executives '' .   The Conference also led the transformation of the 14-block Penn-Liberty Corridor into the Pittsburgh Cultural District . A related effort was Strategy 21 that enabled public and private agencies in Allegheny County to speak with one voice when requesting state funds . Strategy 21 not only resulted in projects that ranged from the new Pittsburgh International Airport to The Andy Warhol Museum .   In 2001 , the Conference entered into a strategic affiliation with the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce , the Pennsylvania Economy League of Southwestern Pennsylvania , and the Pittsburgh Regional Alliance ( PRA ) , with the four organizations merging many staff positions in 2003 .

neg: Historical Society of Pennsylvania The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a historical society founded in 1824 and based in Philadelphia . The Society 's building , designed by Addison Hutton and listed on Philadelphia 's Register of Historical Places , houses some 600,000 printed items and over 19 million manuscript and graphic items . The Society maintains printed collections on Pennsylvania and regional history and manuscript collections covering 17th - , 18th - , and 19th-century history . The holdings of the Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies were added in 2002 and those of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania in 2006 . The Historical Society has recently undertaken efforts to appeal to a younger demographic , including having open bar events .

neg: Philadelphia Society The Philadelphia Society is a membership organization the purpose of which is `` to sponsor the interchange of ideas through discussion and writing , in the interest of deepening the intellectual foundation of a free and ordered society , and of broadening the understanding of its basic principles and traditions '' . The membership of the Society tends to be composed of persons holding conservative or libertarian political views , and many of those associated with the Society have exercised considerable influence over the development of the conservative movement in the United States .   It was founded in 1964 by Donald Lipsett in conjunction with Bill Buckley , Milton Friedman , Frank Meyer , and Ed Feulner , and the former Presidents of the Society include Henry Regnery , Edwin J. Feulner , Russell Kirk , Mel Bradford , Forrest McDonald , T. Kenneth Cribb , M. Stanton Evans , Ellis Sandoz , Edwin Meese , Claes G. Ryn , Midge Decter , Roger Ream , Steven F. Hayward , Lee Edwards , William F. Buckley , and George H. Nash .   Notable speakers at past meetings of the Society have included Larry Arnhart , Andrew Bacevich , Wendell Berry , Robert Bork , Mel Bradford , Warren T. Brookes , William F. Buckley , Vladimir Bukovsky , Ronald Coase , T. Kenneth Cribb , Midge Decter , M. Stanton Evans , Edwin J. Feulner , Milton Friedman , George Gilder , Victor Davis Hanson , William Hague , S. I. Hayakawa , Friedrich von Hayek , Henry Hazlitt , W.H. Hutt , Herman Kahn , Russell Kirk , Irving Kristol , Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn , Forrest McDonald , Edwin Meese , Frank Meyer , Charles Murray , Robert Nisbet , Michael Novak , Richard Pipes , Norman Podhoretz , Henry Regnery , William A. Rusher , Paul Ryan , Ellis Sandoz , Shelby Steele , George J. Stigler , Terry Teachout , Edward H. Teller , and Eric Voegelin .


query: Queen Latifah has appeared in a film.

pos: Set It Off (film) Set It Off is a 1996 American crime action film directed by F. Gary Gray and written by Kate Lanier and Takashi Bufford . The film stars Jada Pinkett Smith , Queen Latifah , Vivica A. Fox and Kimberly Elise ( in her theatrical acting debut ) . It follows four close friends in Los Angeles , California , who decide to plan and execute a bank robbery . They decide to do so for different reasons , although all four want better for themselves and their families . The film became a critical and box office success , grossing over $ 41 million against a budget of $ 9 million .

pos: Chicago (2002 film) Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy film based on the musical of the same name , exploring the themes of celebrity , scandal , and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age . The film stars Catherine Zeta-Jones , Renée Zellweger and Richard Gere . Chicago centers on Velma Kelly ( Zeta-Jones ) and Roxie Hart ( Zellweger ) , two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago . Velma , a vaudevillian , and Roxie , a housewife , fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows . Directed and choreographed by Rob Marshall , and adapted by screenwriter Bill Condon , with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb , Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003 , including Best Picture . The film was critically lauded , and was the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver ! in 1968 .

pos: Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records .   Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress .   Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie .   She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .

neg: Devi (2016 film) Devi is a 2016 Indian musical horror comedy film co-written and directed by A. L. Vijay . It features Prabhu Deva and Tamannaah in lead roles and Sonu Sood , RJ Balaji in supporting roles .   Apart from the Tamil version , the film was also simultaneously shot and released in Telugu and Hindi as Abhinetri and Tutak Tutak Tutiya respectively ; the three had a worldwide release on 7 October 2016 .

neg: List of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender-related films of 2008 This is a list of lesbian , gay , bisexual or transgender-related films released in 2008 . It contains theatrically released cinema films that deal with or feature important gay , lesbian or bisexual or transgender characters or issues and may have same-sex romance or relationships as an important plot device .

neg: Bad Boys (2003 film) Bad Boys ( Pahat pojat ) is a 2003 Finnish crime drama film directed by Aleksi Mäkelä , based on the story of a notorious real-life family of criminals . It was the second most successful film in Finnish theatres after The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King in 2003 , taking in $ 4,778,324 . This makes the film one of the most successful Finnish films at the national box office of all time .

neg: Bastille Day (film) Bastille Day ( released as The Take in North America and on international home release ) is a 2016 action film directed and co-written by James Watkins . It is a Luxembourgian , French and American venture produced by Anonymous Content , Vendôme Pictures , TF1 Films Production and StudioCanal . The film stars Idris Elba , Richard Madden , Charlotte Le Bon , Eriq Ebouaney and José Garcia . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 22 April 2016 and 13 July 2016 in France , and on 18 November 2016 in the United States .

neg: The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .

neg: Alex Haley's Queen Alex Haley 's Queen ( also known as Queen ) is a 1993 American television miniseries that aired in three installments on February 14 , 16 , and 18 on CBS . The miniseries is an adaptation of the novel Queen : The Story of an American Family , by Alex Haley and David Stevens . The novel is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley , Haley 's paternal grandmother . Alex Haley died in February 1992 before completing the novel . It was later finished by David Stevens and published in 1993 . Stevens also wrote the screenplay for the miniseries .   Alex Haley 's Queen was directed by John Erman , and stars Halle Berry in the title role . It tells the life story of a young woman and it shows the problems which biracial slaves and former slaves faced in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries . Throughout her life , Queen struggles to fit into the two cultures of her heritage , and at times each side shuns her .

neg: Insaaf (1997 film) Insaaf , also known as Insaaf : The Final Justice , is a 1997 Indian Bollywood action film directed and written by Dayal Nihalani and starring Akshay Kumar , Shilpa Shetty and Paresh Rawal . It was released on 30 May 1997 and was a box office failure .

neg: Beah: A Black Woman Speaks Beah : A Black Woman Speaks is a 2003 documentary about the life of Academy Award nominated actress Beah Richards . Directed by Lisa Gay Hamilton , it won the Documentary Award at the AFI Los Angeles International Film Festival in 2003 .

neg: The Last Image The Last Image ( الصور الأخير , translit . Al-coura al-akhira , La dernière image ) is a 1986 Algerian drama film directed by Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina . It was entered into the 1986 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the Algerian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .

neg: Lila & Eve Lila & Eve is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Charles Stone III and written by Patrick Gilfillan . The film stars Viola Davis and Jennifer Lopez . It premiered on January 30 , 2015 , at the Sundance Film Festival . The film was released in North America on July 17 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films . This marks the second time Davis and Lopez acted in a film together , the first being the Steven Soderbergh film Out of Sight in 1998 .

neg: Afua's Diary Afua 's Diary is a 2015 romantic drama-comedy , written and produced by Bibi Owusu Shadbolt and directed by Ben Owusu . It stars Cleopatra Wood and Fabio Abraham and features Kwaku Sintim-Misa , Franciska Bijou Steiner and Zion Johnson in supporting roles .   Inspired by true life events , the movie deals with the subject of love , destiny and the effects of immigration on diaspora communities .

neg: She's All That She 's All That is a 1999 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Robert Iscove and starring Freddie Prinze , Jr. , Rachael Leigh Cook , Paul Walker and Matthew Lillard . It is a modern adaptation of George Bernard Shaw 's play Pygmalion and George Cukor 's 1964 film My Fair Lady . It was one of the most popular teen films of the 1990s and reached No. 1 at the box office in its first week of release . In April 2015 , it was announced that the film will be remade by The Weinstein Company .

neg: Heat and Dust (film) Heat and Dust is a 1983 romantic drama film with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based upon her novel , Heat and Dust . It was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant . It stars Greta Scacchi , Shashi Kapoor and Julie Christie .   The plot of Heat and Dust follows two intertwined stories . The first is set in the 1920s and deals with an illicit affair between Olivia , the beautiful young wife of a British colonial official , and an Indian Nawab . The second , set in 1982 , deals with Anne , Olivia 's great-niece , who travels to India hoping to find out about her great-aunt 's life , and while there also has an affair with an Indian man .   Heat and Dust forms part of a cycle of film and television productions which emerged during the first half of the 1980s , reflecting Britain 's growing interest in the British Raj . In addition to Heat and Dust , this cycle included Gandhi ( 1982 ) , The Jewel in the Crown ( 1984 ) , The Far Pavilions ( 1984 ) and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) .

neg: The Ode The Ode is a 2008 film directed by Nilanjan Neil Lahiri and starring Sachin Bhatt , Wilson Cruz and Sakina Jaffrey . The film is an adaptation of the critically acclaimed novel , Ode to Lata by Ghalib Shiraz Dhalla . The biopic was shot on location in Kenya and in Los Angeles and produced by Ratna Maity , with Bharat Shah as executive producer .

neg: True Identity True Identity is a 1991 American comedy film directed by Charles Lane and starring Lenny Henry , Frank Langella and Anne-Marie Johnson . The plot revolves around a black man ( British actor Henry ) , who disguises himself as a white man to escape the mob .

neg: Abdulla the Great Abdulla the Great , also known as Abdullah 's Harem is a 1955 comedy film made by Misr Universal Cairo and Sphinx Films and distributed by Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation . It was directed and produced by Gregory Ratoff , from a screenplay by Boris Ingster and George St. George , based on the novel My Kingdom for a Woman by Ismet Regeila . The music score was by Georges Auric and the cinematography by Lee Garmes .   The film stars Gregory Ratoff , Kay Kendall , Sydney Chaplin , Alexander D'Arcy and Marina Berti .   The story is a thinly veiled parody of the life of King Farouk of Egypt and the events preceding his overthrow in 1952 .

neg: Tulsi Vivah (film) Tulsi Vivah ( The Marriage of Tulsi ) is a 1971 Bollywood fantasy drama film based on mythology . Directed by Chandrakant , the film stars Jayshree Gadkar and Anita Guha , and narrates the origin of the Tulsi Vivah ritual .

neg: Algiers (film) Algiers is a 1938 American drama film directed by John Cromwell and starring Charles Boyer , Sigrid Gurie , and Hedy Lamarr . Written by John Howard Lawson , the film is about a notorious French jewel thief hiding in the labyrinthine native quarter of Algiers known as the Casbah . Feeling imprisoned by his self-imposed exile , he is drawn out of hiding by a beautiful French tourist who reminds him of happier times in Paris . The Walter Wanger production was a remake of the successful 1937 French film Pépé le Moko , which derived its plot from the Henri La Barthe novel of the same name .   Algiers was a sensation because it was the first Hollywood film starring Hedy Lamarr , whose beauty became the main attraction for film audiences . The film is notable as one of the sources of inspiration to the screenwriters of the 1942 Warner Bros. film Casablanca who wrote it with Hedy Lamarr in mind as the original female lead . Charles Boyer 's depiction of the main character , Pepe Le Moko , inspired the Warner Bros. animated character , Pepé Le Pew . In 1966 , the film entered the public domain ( in the USA ) due to the claimants ' failure to renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication .

neg: The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short .   Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics .   Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .

neg: The Queen Is in the Factory The Queen Is in the Factory ( Kraliçe Fabrika ` da ) is a 2008 Turkish drama film , directed by Ali Kemal Güven , which follows the lives of homosexual young living together in the underbelly of Istanbul . The film did n't get distribution for various reasons .


query: Eddie Vedder is a member of a band from anywhere except Seattle, Washington.

pos: Eddie Vedder Eddie Vedder ( born Edward Louis Severson ; December 23 , 1964 ) is an American musician , singer and songwriter best known as a member of the rock band Pearl Jam , with whom he performs lead vocals and is one of three guitarists . He is known for his powerful baritone vocals .   He is also involved in making music and contributes to albums by other artists . In 2007 , Vedder released his first solo album as a soundtrack for the film Into the Wild ( 2007 ) . His second album Ukulele Songs and a live DVD titled Water on the Road were released in 2011 .   Vedder was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7 , 2017 .

pos: Pearl Jam Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in Seattle , Washington , in 1990 . Since its inception , the band 's line-up has comprised Eddie Vedder ( lead vocals ) , Mike McCready ( lead guitar ) , Stone Gossard ( rhythm guitar ) and Jeff Ament ( bass ) . The band 's fifth member is drummer Matt Cameron ( also of Soundgarden ) , who has been with the band since 1998 . Boom Gaspar ( piano ) has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002 . Drummers Dave Krusen , Matt Chamberlain , Dave Abbruzzese and Jack Irons are former members of the band .   Formed after the demise of Gossard and Ament 's previous band , Mother Love Bone , Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with its debut album , Ten , in 1991 . One of the key bands in the grunge movement of the early 1990s , over the course of the band 's career , its members became noted for their refusal to adhere to traditional music industry practices , including refusing to make proper music videos or give interviews , and engaging in a much-publicized boycott of Ticketmaster . In 2006 , Rolling Stone described the band as having `` spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame . ''   To date , the band has sold nearly 32million records in the United States and an estimated 60million worldwide . Pearl Jam has outlasted and outsold many of its contemporaries from the alternative rock breakthrough of the early 1990s , and is considered one of the most influential bands of that decade . Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic referred to Pearl Jam as `` the most popular American rock & roll band of the '90s '' . Pearl Jam were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7 , 2017 , in their first year of eligibility .

neg: Sledgeback Sledgeback is a Seattle , Washington punk rock band formed in early 2004 , with Hungarian born American guitarist Gábor Szakácsi as the front man . Former member of the long-standing influential Hungarian punk rock outfit C.A.F.B. , `` Gabi Hun '' moved to Seattle not knowing a word of English , and soon after formed Sledgeback .

neg: The Linemen The Linemen are an American Alternative Country band originating from Washington , D.C , and formed in 1991 . The group is currently composed of Kevin Royal Johnson ( lead vocals , acoustic guitar ) , Jonathan Gregg ( lead vocals , guitar , pedal steel ) , Bill Williams ( guitars , vocals ) , Antoine Sanfuentes ( drums ) , and Scott McKnight ( bass , vocals ) . The band released four albums before originally splitting up in 2001 .   In 2013 , the band announced their return , and their fifth full-length album , Close the Place Down , was released on the SAM Records label in October 2016 . The band 's name comes from the Jimmy Webb song `` Wichita Lineman . ''

neg: Mötley Crüe Mötley Crüe was an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles , California on January 17 , 1981 . The group was founded by bass guitarist Nikki Sixx and drummer Tommy Lee , lead singer Vince Neil and lead guitarist Mick Mars . Mötley Crüe has sold more than 100 million records worldwide making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time .   The members of the band have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the persona they maintained . Following its hard rock and heavy metal origins , with the third album Theatre of Pain ( 1985 ) the band joined the first wave of glam metal . Their final studio album , Saints of Los Angeles , was released on June 24 , 2008 . Their final show took place on New Year 's Eve , December 31 , 2015 , and was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016 .

neg: Perkins Coie Band The Perkins Coie Band ( also known as PCBs ) is the in-house band for the Seattle , Washington based international law firm Perkins Coie . The band formed in 1999 to play the law firm 's holiday party and continues to play charity and firm-related events .   Throughout the 2000s , the Perkins Coie Band performed in ( and won ) several Lawyerpalooza concerts ( a Battle of the Bands benefit held annually from 2004 to 2008 in Seattle ) . In May 2008 the band was selected as regional semi-finalists in Fortune magazine 's Fortune Battle of the Corporate Bands in Los Angeles , California .   Most of the band 's members work at Perkins Coie ( most notably , partners Harry Schneider and Al Smith ) . Other band members include Arunas Bura ( paralegal ) , Garth Brandenburg ( legal messenger ) , and former employee Tor Midstkog . In addition , there are two `` ringers '' that are not employed by the company , Steve Harrold and Dan Cunneen .   The band primarily performs a mix of 1960s American rock and roll , British Invasion and garage ( or Frat Rock ) .

neg: Nothingman `` Nothingman '' is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam . Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music by bassist Jeff Ament , `` Nothingman '' is the fifth track on the band 's third studio album , Vitalogy ( 1994 ) . The song was included on Pearl Jam 's 2004 greatest hits album , Rearviewmirror ( Greatest Hits 1991 -- 2003 ) .

neg: Earth (American band) Earth is an American musical group based in Olympia , Washington , formed in 1989 and led by the guitarist Dylan Carlson . Earth 's music is nearly all instrumental , and can be divided into two distinct stages . Their early work is characterized by distortion , droning , minimalism , and lengthy , repetitive song structures . The band 's later output reduces the distortion while incorporating elements of country , jazz rock , and folk . Earth is recognized as a pioneer of drone metal , with the band 's Earth 2 being regarded as a milestone of the genre .

neg: Everclear (band) Everclear is an American rock band formed in Portland , Oregon in 1991 . The band was formed by Art Alexakis , the band 's lead songwriter , vocalist , and guitarist ; and for most of the band 's height of popularity , consisted of Craig Montoya on bass guitar and Greg Eklund on drums . After the limited release of their independently released debut album , World of Noise , the band found success with their first three albums on Capitol Records : Sparkle and Fade , So Much for the Afterglow , and Songs from an American Movie Vol . One : Learning How to Smile , which were all certified platinum in sales . However , the following two albums Songs from an American Movie Vol . Two : Good Time for a Bad Attitude and Slow Motion Daydream , were not as well received , and as sales suffered , Montoya and Eklund left the band shortly after in 2003 .   After a brief stint of solo performances , Alexakis decided to push forward with the Everclear name , finding new musicians to perform with and releasing two more albums , Welcome to the Drama Club and Invisible Stars . Starting in 2012 , Alexakis has also started up a 1990s nostalgia tour , called the Summerland Tour , that occurs every summer with Everclear and other 1990s alternative rock bands . In April 2015 , the band released a ninth studio album entitled Black is the New Black .

neg: Not in This Lifetime... Tour The Not in This Lifetime ... tour is an ongoing series of concerts by hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , featuring classic lineup members Axl Rose , Slash and Duff McKagan , marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together .   After the previous tour in 2014 , guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron `` Bumblefoot '' Thal , bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman left Guns N ' Roses , leaving the band with several open spots . Former members Slash and McKagan rejoined the band and Melissa Reese joined as keyboardist . The group embarked on the world tour that spanned several continents , with 118 shows performed or scheduled so far . The group welcomed former drummer Steven Adler to the stage for several shows as a guest spot , the first time he had played with the group since 1990 . The tour was a financial success and has grossed over $ 230 million to date , and was the highest earning per-show concert tour of 2016 , and the fourth highest grossing .

neg: Saturday Night Live (Trouble Funk album) Saturday Night Live ( also titled as Saturday Night Live ! from Washington , D.C. ) is a live album released in 1983 by the Washington , D.C.-based go-go band Trouble Funk .

neg: Idaho (band) Idaho is an American rock band formed in 1992 in Los Angeles , California , United States , founded as a duo by high school friends Jeff Martin and John K. Berry . The two had played in various bands and projects together since 1981 . They were eventually signed to Caroline Records in December 1992 by Brian Long , then released the The Palms EP and Year After Year full-length in 1993 . Martin and Berry switched off on drumming duties and shared in the songwriting . Idaho drew frequent comparisons to American Music Club , Red House Painters and Codeine due to vocal , lyrical , and instrumental similarities . Idaho toured the U.S. with similar-minded artists like Red House Painters , Half String , Low , and Cranes in 1993-1995 . Dan Seta joined as a multi-instrumentalist on Three Sheets to the Wind , the band 's third album , along with Terry Borden - bass ( later of the Pete Yorn band ) and Mark Lewis ( West Indian Girl ) on drums . Seta and Lewis had previously been in the band Pet Clarke together , along with Geoff Gans and former Let 's Active touring bassist Janine Cooper , who went on to join Downy Mildew . Idaho have played dates in Europe with Lali Puna and Dirty Three   Martin had recorded some solo songs ( including `` Never Back Again '' ) in 1984 in the U.K. , but a solo career never materialized . Idaho 's music is traditionally categorized as slowcore or sadcore . The band has released nine full-length albums , as well as numerous EPs and singles , dating back to 1992 . Idaho became primarily the vehicle of singer-songwriter Martin , who has performed the most recent of Idaho 's albums almost entirely on his own . To this day , he remains the band 's sole songwriter and principal musician . His foreboding four-string tenor guitar playing ( he has had several such guitars custom-made for him ) is a hallmark of most Idaho albums , though later releases rely more heavily on piano . 1998 album Alas featured vocals on a few songs by Melissa Auf der Maur .   Idaho 's sonic stylings range from existentially introspective songs to cathartic screaming , though their music falls in the first category the majority of the time . Their release , The Lone Gunman , often eschews the traditional song structure for more instrumental experimentation .   In December 2008 Idaho contributed their track `` Santa Claus Is Weird '' to an Indiecater Records festive compilation titled An Indiecater Christmas .   Martin has recently done music for U.S. television shows , films , and documentaries .   On January 9 , 2016 , John Berry died in his sleep .

neg: Vedder River The Vedder River , called the Chilliwack River above Vedder Crossing , is a river in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington .   The name Chilliwack comes from the Halkomelem word Tcil ` Qe'uk , meaning `` valley of many streams '' .

neg: The Coats The Coats ( sometimes called the Coats vocal band ) are an a cappella singing group which was founded in Seattle , Washington in 1987 . The group consists of bass singer Kerry Dahlen , baritone Doug Wisness , and Jamie Dieveney and Keith Michael Anderson as second and first tenors , respectively .

neg: Sirens (Pearl Jam song) `` Sirens '' is a song by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam . It was released on September 18 , 2013 as a digital download as the second single from their tenth studio album Lightning Bolt . In its first week of release , the single sold 13,000 downloads in the US . Guitarist Mike McCready said the song was inspired by Roger Waters 's The Wall Live Tour , as after attending a concert in 2011 he `` wanted to write something that would have a Pink Floyd type feel '' . The lyrics by singer Eddie Vedder concern his worries on mortality , and what the future reserves for the next generations .

neg: Droid (band) Droid ( sometimes typeset as - D-R-O-I-D - or DROID as to fit their official logo ) was an American Heavy metal band from Long Beach , California formerly signed to Korn member James `` Munky '' Shaffer 's record label Emotional Syphon Records .

neg: The Thunderlords The Thunderlords are an American parody rock band . They describe themselves as `` heavy metal for kids . '' The band began primarily as the work of video-game programmer Alan Flores , a native of Los Angeles , with some help from his young daughter , Maya ( born 2000 ) .   The 2005 album Noisy Songs for Noisy Kids has charted on children 's music charts in the US , Australia and Belgium .   They are known best for their songs `` I Like Dirt '' and `` Ice Cream Headache '' on the soundtracks for the bestselling video games Tony Hawk 's American Wasteland , Tony Hawk 's Project 8 and Tony Hawk 's American Sk8land respectively . The latter game also won the IGN award for Best Licensed Soundtrack on PlayStation 3 in 2006 .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Van Halen This is a list of awards and nominations for awards received by the rock band Van Halen .   Van Halen is a hard rock band formed in Pasadena , California in 1972 and consisted of Eddie Van Halen on guitar , keyboards , and vocals , Alex Van Halen on drums and percussion , Michael Anthony on bass and vocals , and David Lee Roth on lead vocals . They enjoyed success from the release of their self-titled debut album in 1978 . As of 2007 Van Halen has sold more than 80 million albums worldwide -RSB- and have had the most number one hits on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart . During the 1980s they also had more Billboard Hot 100 hits than any other hard rock or heavy metal band . According to the Recording Industry Association of America , Van Halen is the 19th best selling band/artist of all time with sales of over 56 million albums in the United States and is one of five rock bands that have had two albums sell more than 10 million copies in the United States .

neg: Eddie the Head Eddie , also known as Eddie the Head , is the mascot for the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden . He is a perennial fixture of the group 's artwork , appearing in all of their album covers ( as well as most of their singles ) and in their merchandise , which includes T-shirts , posters and action figures . On top of this , Eddie features in all of the band 's concerts , as well as in the first-person shooter video game , Ed Hunter , and the role-playing game , Iron Maiden : Legacy of the Beast .   Originally a papier-mâché mask used in Iron Maiden 's stage backdrop , the band transferred the name `` Eddie '' from the mask to an illustration by Derek Riggs , which was used as the band 's debut album cover . Although he is occasionally described as `` zombie-like '' in the press , Eddie assumes a different guise relating to the themes of individual albums and their corresponding world tours , and has appeared as a cyborg , an Egyptian mummy and a lobotomised mental patient amongst others .

neg: Rail (band) Rail is an American rock band that briefly achieved national fame after winning the grand prize of MTV 's Basement Tapes competition in 1983 . Before starting their recording career the group was well known in the Seattle area under the names `` Rail & Company '' and `` Rail & Co. . ''   The band was formed by drummer Kelly Nobles , bassist/singer Terry James Young and guitarist Andy Baldwin at Highland Junior High School in Bellevue , Washington in 1970 . Interlake High School mate Rick Knotts joined the band in 1973 .   Rail won a best local band award from Seattle rock station KZOK-FM in 1978 . The band entered the Billboard 200 albums chart with its self-titled EMI America Records release `` Rail '' . The band toured with Van Halen , Heart , Ted Nugent , Blue Öyster Cult , Three Dog Night , The Beach Boys , Nazareth , and others .   Rail released three albums and one EP between 1980 -- 1997 and remains a long-touring staple of the Washington local music scene . Although not officially recognized on any of their albums , during the early to mid-80 's several well known local artists appeared as guest performers live and in the studio . In 1985 they were joined by guitarist Ronnie Montrose for several months . He was looking for a new band , and Rick Knotts had recently left . Billed as `` Rail featuring Ronnie Montrose '' or `` Ronnie & Rail , '' they played a set of half Rail favorites and half Montrose songs ( `` Rock Candy , '' `` Rock the Nation , '' `` Matriarch , '' and Gamma 's remake of Thunderclap Newman 's `` Something in the Air '' ) . At the end of the tour , there was an amicable split .   The original four members continue to perform and record together . In late 2009 , the band began work on its 5th record .

neg: August Jam August Jam was an outdoor concert held on Saturday , August 10 , 1974 , at the Charlotte Motor Speedway outside Charlotte , North Carolina , in the United States . The concert promoter was Kaleidoscope Productions and it was sponsored by radio stations WAYS and WROQ . The concert featured The Allman Brothers Band , Emerson , Lake & Palmer , Foghat , Black Oak Arkansas , The Marshall Tucker Band , The Ozark Mountain Daredevils , PFM , Grinderswitch , and others . The Eagles were booked to play but cancelled . It was the largest concert ever held in the state of North Carolina and one of the largest in the U.S. at that time , with an estimated attendance in excess of 200,000 .

neg: Black (Pearl Jam song) `` Black '' is a power ballad by the American rock band Pearl Jam . The song is the fifth track on the band 's debut album , Ten ( 1991 ) . Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard , `` Black '' is about Vedder 's ex-girlfriend . Notably , following the band 's 1992 MTV Unplugged performance , Vedder now renders the lyric `` we belong together '' in `` Black '' as `` we do n't belong together '' indicating his moving on from the relationship and being content with how it ended .   After Ten became a commercial success in 1992 , Pearl Jam 's record label Epic Records urged the group to release the song as a single . The band refused , citing the song 's personal nature . Despite the lack of a commercial single release , the song managed to reach number three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . Remixed versions of the song were included on Pearl Jam 's 2004 greatest hits album , Rearviewmirror , and the 2009 Ten reissue . It has gone on to become one of the band 's most popular songs , as well as a fan favorite .