query: The Smurfs (film) was released.

pos: The Smurfs (film) The Smurfs is a 2011 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film loosely based on the comic book series of the same name created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . It was directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Hank Azaria , Neil Patrick Harris , Jayma Mays and Sofía Vergara , with Jonathan Winters and Katy Perry as the voices of Papa Smurf and Smurfette . It is the first CGI/live-action hybrid film produced by Sony Pictures Animation , and the first in The Smurfs duology . The film tells the story of the Smurfs as they get lost in New York , and try to find a way to get back home before Gargamel catches them .   After five years of negotiations , Jordan Kerner bought the rights in 2002 , and the film entered development with Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , until Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation obtained the film rights in 2008 . Filming began in March 2010 in New York City .   After having the release date changed three times , Columbia Pictures released The Smurfs on July 29 , 2011 . Box office analysts initially predicted the film would tie with Cowboys & Aliens , but The Smurfs ultimately came in second , grossing $ 35.6 million against Cowboys & Aliens $ 36.4 million gross . The Smurfs reached the $ 500 million milestone in the weekend of September 23 -- 25 , 2011 .   A sequel , titled The Smurfs 2 , was released on July 31 , 2013 .

neg: Paranoid Park (film) Paranoid Park is a 2007 American-French drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant . The film is based on the novel of the same name by Blake Nelson and takes place in Portland , Oregon . It stars Gabe Nevins as a teenage skateboarder who accidentally kills a security guard .   Van Sant wrote the draft script in two days after reading and deciding to adapt Nelson 's novel . To cast the film 's youths , Van Sant posted an open casting call on social networking website MySpace inviting teenagers to audition for speaking roles , as well as experienced skateboarders to act as extras . Filming began in October 2006 and took place at various locations in and around Portland . Scenes at the fictional Eastside Skatepark were filmed at Burnside Skatepark which was , like Eastside , built illegally by skateboarders .   Paranoid Park premiered on May 21 , at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival and was given a limited release on March 7 , 2008 . It grossed over US$ 4,481,000 from its $ 3 million budget . The film received mostly positive reviews ; some critics praised the direction and cinematography in particular , though others believed the film to be overly stylized and slow paced . It won one Independent Spirit Award , two Boston Society of Film Critics awards and the Cannes Film Festival 's special 60th anniversary prize .

neg: Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 .   Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated .   Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees .   Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ( -LSB- ˈsɪmptiː -RSB- , rarely -LSB- ˈsʌmptiː -RSB- ) , founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE , is an international professional association , based in the United States of America , of engineers working in the motion imaging industries . An internationally recognized standards organizations , SMPTE has more than 600 Standards , Recommended Practices , and Engineering Guidelines for television production , filmmaking , digital cinema , audio recording , information technology , and medical imaging . In addition to development and publication of technical standard documents , SMPTE publishes the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal , provides networking opportunities for its members , produces academic conferences and exhibitions , and performs other industry-related functions .   SMPTE Membership is open to any individual or organization with interest in the subject matter .   SMPTE standards documents are copyrighted and may be purchased from the SMPTE website , or other distributors of technical standards . Standard documents may be purchased by the general public . Significant standards promulgated by SMPTE include :   All film and television transmission formats and media , including digital .  Physical interfaces for transmission of television signals and related data ( such as SMPTE time code and the Serial Digital Interface ) ( SDI )  SMPTE color bars  Test card patterns and other diagnostic tools  The Material eXchange Format , or MXF   SMPTE 's educational and professional development activities include technical presentations at regular meetings of its local Sections , annual and biennial conferences in the US and Australia and the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal . The society sponsors many awards , the oldest of which are the SMPTE Progress Medal , the Samuel Warner Memorial Medal , and the David Sarnoff Medal . SMPTE also has a number of student Chapters and sponsors scholarships for college students in the motion imaging disciplines .   Related organizations include  National Television System Committee ( NTSC )  Moving Picture Experts Group ( MPEG )  ITU Radiocommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCIR )  ITU Telecommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCITT )  Digital Video Broadcasting  BBC Research Department  European Broadcasting Union ( EBU )

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Shout! Factory Shout ! Factory is an American home video and music company founded in 2003 . Its video releases include previously released feature films , classic and contemporary TV series , animation , live music , and comedy specials . Shout ! Factory also owns and operates Timeless Media Group , Biograph Records , Majordomo Records , HighTone Records , and Video Time Machine .

neg: Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .

neg: Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month .   The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest .   The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak .   This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''

neg: Gorky Film Studio Gorky Film Studio is a film studio in Moscow , Russian Federation . By the end of the Soviet Union , Gorky Film Studio had produced more than 1,000 films . Many film classics were filmed at the Gorky Film Studio throughout its history and some of these were granted international awards at various film festivals .

neg: Masters of the Universe: The Movie Masters of the Universe : The Movie is an action-adventure game developed by Gremlin Graphics , and published in 1987 . It is based on the American film Masters of the Universe ( 1987 ) , directed by Gary Goddard . The film and the game are part of the Masters of the Universe media franchise .   A promotional photo of Dolph Lundgren as He-Man and Frank Langella as Skeletor illustrates the video game packaging . The MSX version of the game is titled Masters of the Universe .   Two other Masters of the Universe video games were published in the same year : Masters of the Universe : The Arcade Game and Masters of the Universe : The Super Adventure .

neg: Cairo International Film Festival The Cairo International Film Festival is an annual film festival held in Cairo , Egypt . It was established in 1976 and has taken place every year since its inception , except for 2011 and 2013 , when it was cancelled due to budget limitations and political instability . The 38th edition will take place from November 15th , to 24th , 2016 . It is the only international competitive feature film festival recognized by the FIAPF in the Arab world and Africa , as well as the oldest in this category .

neg: Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others .   Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez .   Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .

neg: St. Louis International Film Festival The St. Louis International Film Festival ( also known as SLIFF or Cinema St. Louis ) is an annual film festival in St. Louis , Missouri , which has been running since 1992 . The coordinating organization changed its name to `` Cinema St. Louis '' in 2003 . The festival screens approximately 300 films over a period of 10 days during November .

neg: Aardman Animations Aardman Animations , Ltd. , also known as Aardman Studios , or simply as Aardman , is a British animation studio based in Bristol . Aardman is known for films made using stop-motion clay animation techniques , particularly those featuring Plasticine characters Wallace and Gromit . After some experimental computer animated short films during the late 1990s , beginning with Owzat ( 1997 ) , it entered the computer animation market with Flushed Away ( 2006 ) . Aardman films have made $ 973.2 million worldwide and average $ 163 million per film . All of their stop motion films are among the highest-grossing stop-motion films , with their debut , Chicken Run ( 2000 ) , being their top-grossing film as well as the highest-grossing stop-motion film of all time .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Finnkino Finnkino Oy is a Finnish film distributor and the biggest cinema chain in Finland . It was established in 1986 as a union of 34 companies working in the film industry . In 1994 Finnkino was acquired by the Rautakirja Group , which became a division of the Sanoma Group in 1999 . Finnkino operates a total of 18 movie theaters in ten cities . It also has subsidiaries in Latvia , Lithuania and Estonia , operated under the names of Forum Cinemas and Forum Distribution . In early 2017 , Finnkino and other Scandinavian and Baltic cinema chains were acquired by AMC Theatres .   Finnkino 's biggest movie theatre multiplex is Tennispalatsi in Helsinki and its headquarters are located in Vantaa .   In 2006 , Finnkino took over Finnish theatrical distribution for films by United International Pictures ' partner studios , Paramount Pictures ( including films by DreamWorks ) and Universal Pictures , after UIP decided to move its Finnish distribution base from Buena Vista International , which started distributing UIP 's films in Finland in 2002 after UIP shut down its Finnish distribution offices . Finnkino had already distributed these studios ' films on video for several years . Finnkino distributed Star Wars when the movie 's special edition was released .

neg: 38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films .   The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each .   In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards .   Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .

neg: SUPERM SUPERM is an international multimedia art team founded in 2004 by Russian author and artist Slava Mogutin ( born 1974 ) and American artist and musician Brian Kenny ( b. 1982 ) . The artists come from different backgrounds : Siberian-born Mogutin was exiled from Russia at the age of 21 for his queer writings and activism ; Kenny was born on the American military base in Heidelberg , Germany , and grew up traveling throughout the US with his Catholic , military family . They are responsible for site-specific , multimedia gallery and museum shows in New York City , Los Angeles , London , Berlin , Stockholm , Oslo , Bergen , Moscow , and León ( Spain ) .   SUPERM 's work uses all available media and source materials , ranging from reclaimed furniture and street art to personal fetish gear , hair and body fluids . Their installations combine photography , video , sound , text , drawing , painting , sculpture , collage and performance . Using their selves and their friends as models , actors , and collaborators , SUPERM creates a multidisciplinary body of site-specific work that reaches audiences far beyond the usual art crowd . Transgressive , political and personal , SUPERM work is a response to a world of shameless war propaganda , media brainwashing , corporate censorship , state-induced paranoia , and shrinking personal freedoms ; a world where natives of countries outside the European Union and the USA are treated as second-class citizens and nonconformists artists as criminals .   Their videos have recently been shown at the GLBT Film Festival , The International Short Film Festival Oberhausen , MIX NYC , Revolution & Sexual Revolution Film Festival in Tokyo , Paris Gay & Lesbian Film Festival , PornfilmfestivalBerlin ( 2nd Prize in Short Film Competition ) , as well as various art and club venues across Europe and the US .   SUPERM collaborators include Joakim Andreasson , Gio Black Peter , Marko Brozic , Christophe Chemin , Tom Dura , Jason Farrer , Christophe Hamaide-Pierson , Dominic Johnson , Marcelo Krasilcic , Bruce LaBruce , Josh Lee , Billy Miller , Dmitryi Rozin , and Desi Santiago .

neg: Jeonju International Film Festival Launched in 2000 , Jeonju International Film Festival ( JIFF , Korean : 전주국제영화제 , Hanja : 全州國際映畵祭 ) is one of the Asian film festivals .   In the first edition of JIFF , debut films of Darren ARONOFSKY , Fernando MEIRELLES , and Alejandro González IÑÁRRITU were introduced to South Korea . For the first time in Asia , Jiff highlighted early works of Béla TARR , Ulrich SEIDL , Laurent CANTET as well . The winners of Jeonju IFF 's International Competition Section include Matias PIÑEIRO , YING Liang , Denis CÔTÉ , Apichatpong WEERASETHAKUL , SUWA Nobuhiro , John AKOMFRAH and MIIKE Takashi .   Another point of Jeonju is that it produces movies as well . Directors that once invited to Jeonju IFF , were later invited again to Jeonju Digital Project ( JDP ) which is a set of three digital shorts . JDP granted financial support to masters for their short films and world-premiered those pieces in Jeonju . The former directors ran JDP include ZHANG Yuan , JIA Zhang Ke , TSAI Ming Liang , SUWA Nobuhiro , Shinji AOYAMA , BONG Joon-Ho , Apichatpong WEERASETHAKUL , Shinya TSUKAMOTO , Darezhan OMIRVAEV , Pedro COSTA , Mahamat-saleh HAROUN , HONG Sang-soo , Lav DIAZ , Denis CÔTÉ , Jean-Marie STRAUB , Claire DENIS , José Luis GUERIN , YING Liang , Edwin , ZHANG Lu , KOBAYASHI Masahiro .   Celebrating its 15th edition , JDP has boosted scale up to Feature-length with GYÖRGY Pálfi ( Hungary ) , PARK Jung bum/SHIN Yeon-shick ( Republic of Korea . )   One of the other characteristics of JIFF is its experimental section called Expanded Cinema ( formerly called Stranger than Cinema . ) Expanded Cinema is possibly the best experimental film section in Asia that world-premieres new project of directors such as Peter KUBELKA , Peter TSCHERKASSKY , Harun FAROCKI , Artavazd PELESHIAN , James BENNING , Alexander KLUGE , Pere PORTABEELA , Raya MARTIN , Romuald KARMAKAR , and Jon JOST .

neg: Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic .   Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .


query: C. S. Forester's first name was Carl.

pos: C. S. Forester Cecil Louis Troughton Smith ( 27 August 1899 -- 2 April 1966 ) , known by his pen name Cecil Scott `` C. S. '' Forester , was an English novelist known for writing tales of naval warfare such as the 12-book Horatio Hornblower series , depicting a Royal Navy officer during the Napoleonic wars . Two of the Hornblower books , A Ship of the Line and Flying Colours , were jointly awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction in 1938 . His other works include The African Queen ( 1935 ; filmed in 1951 by John Huston ) .

neg: Charles Alfred Barber Charles Alfred Barber C.I.E. ( 10 November 1860 - 23 February 1933 ) was a British botanist and specialist on sugarcane , who worked for much of his life in southern India . Saccharum barberi , a species of sugarcane that grows wild in northern India is named after him . He was a pioneer in the nobilization of wild canes in India , by producing hybrids between wild and hardy local species and the high-sugar-yielding cultivated Saccharum officinarum that could survive the cold winters of northern India .   Born on 10 November 1860 at Wynberg , Cape Town , he went to study at New Kingswood , Bath and later at Bonn University . He joined Cambridge University and passed the natural sciences Tripos with first class in 1887 ( part I ) and 188 ( part II ) . He received an MA in 1892 and a Sc.D . in 1908 . He joined in the Leeward Islands as a Superintendent of the Botanical Station in 1892 and worked for four years before joining as a lecturer in botany at the Royal Engineering College at Cooper 's Hill . In 1898 he joined the Madras Presidency as Government Botanist . He studied root-parasitism in plants from 1906-1908 . He became an expert on sugarcane to the Government in 1912 . He became a lecturer on Tropical Agriculture at Cambridge University in 1919 . He was made C.I.E. in 1918 .   He worked on many aspects of sugarcane breeding and in basic botany . He established a sugarcane research station that is now known as the Sugarcane breeding institute at Coimbatore and along with T.S. Venkatraman developed hybrid sugarcane varieties suitable for India . These included hybrids between local and hardy canes from India which are now called Saccharum barberi after him and the tropical high-sugar yielding Saccharum officinarum which did not survive in the winter of northern India . This transfer of commercially useful traits from `` noble '' cane to Indian cane is referred to the nobilization of Indian canes . He was awarded the Maynard Ganga Ram prize in 1931 . He died at Cambridge on 23 February 1933 .

neg: Charles Weldon Cannon Charles Weldon Cannon , known as Tooter Cannon ( January 14 , 1915 -- March 14 , 1997 ) , was a widely recognized manufacturer of boots and saddles in rural Dickens , Texas .   Cannon was the last of nine children born to Charles Ira Cannon ( 1871 -- 1920 ) and the former Mattie Cordial Snodgrass ( 1870 -- 1956 ) on a working ranch in Afton in Dickens County in West Texas . He was given his unusual nickname as a child by his father . As a teenager , he learned boot and saddlemaking techniques to help the cowboys obtain a proper fit on their horses . He also worked on other ranches in Arizona , New Mexico , and Nevada , as well as Texas .   He broke horses for the U.S. government during World War II at El Reno in Canadian County , Oklahoma . After the war , he operated two leather goods businesses in Tulsa , where his clients included the city police . In 1949 , he returned to Dickens County and settled in the Spur community . He relocated his shop to Dickens in 1968 . After 1970 , he concentrated exclusively until his death on saddlemaking . His Tooter Cannon Saddles were prized by ranchers and rodeo riders because they were designed to fit the contour of the horse 's back . A Tooter Cannon saddle or a pair of his boots is usually passed down within families . It is rare to find anything made by Cannon for sale on the open market . His work is found in a number of private collections . Customers often waited for Cannon to fill their orders , rather than finding other available saddlemakers .   Cannon , who outlived all of his siblings , died in a Lubbock hospital at the age of eighty-two . He was a former two-term member of the Dickens Town Council . He was Methodist . Survivors included his second wife , the former Grace Adeline Roberts , then Grace Wheeler ( July 11 , 1908 -- February 14 , 2000 ) , whom he married on April 22 , 1957 , in Santa Fe , New Mexico ; a daughter , Leanora Cannon Houwen , then of Santa Maria in Santa Barbara County , California , but who later returned to Dickens ; two stepsons , Kenneth Wheeler of Hobbs , New Mexico , and Bill Wheeler of San Antonio , eleven grandchildren , nineteen great-grandchildren , and one great-great-grandchild . Cannon also had an older sister named `` Grace '' . Charles and Grace Cannon are interred at Dickens Cemetery .   Over the years , Cannon was cited in newspaper articles , books , magazines , and even a television special . He is permanently honored in the saddlemaking exhibit at the National Ranching Heritage Center in Lubbock .

neg: George W. Sears George Washington Sears ( December 2 , 1821 -- May 1 , 1890 ) was a sportswriter for Forest and Stream magazine in the 1880s and an early conservationist . His stories , appearing under the pen name , `` Nessmuk '' popularized self-guided canoe camping tours of the Adirondack lakes in open , lightweight solo canoes and what is today called ultralight camping .   Canoeing had been popularized by Scottish lawyer John MacGregor in the 1860s , but the typical canoe trip of the day employed expert guides and heavy canoes . Sears , who was 5 ft tall and 103 lb had a 9 ft , 10 +1 / 2 lb solo canoe built by J. Henry Rushton of Canton , New York . He named it the Sairy Gamp ( the name of a Dickens character ) and in it he completed a 266 mi journey through the central Adirondacks . He was 62 years old and in frail health ( tuberculosis and asthma ) at the time . William Henry Harrison Murray 's Adventures in the Wilderness , published in 1869 , had praised the Adirondacks as having a healthy atmosphere for consumptives and Verplanck Colvin 's enthusiastic writing about the Adirondack wilderness had further inspired the trip . The Sairy Gamp was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution and is now on loan to the Adirondack Museum .   He grew up the eldest of ten children in South Oxford ( now Webster ) , Massachusetts . He took his pen name from a Native American who had befriended him in early childhood . He was fascinated by the few books about Native Americans his family possessed , which left him with an abiding interest in forest life and adventure . A period of factory labor while still a child left him with a fondness for the writing of Charles Dickens . At age twelve he started working in a commercial fishing fleet based on Cape Cod and at nineteen he signed on for a three-year voyage on a whaler headed for the South Pacific ; it was the same year ( 1841 ) that Herman Melville shipped out of the same port bound for the same whaling grounds . On his return , his family moved to Wellsboro , Pennsylvania where he was to live for the rest of his life . However , he continued traveling for adventure , from the upper Midwest and Ontario to an Amazon tributary in Brazil ( in 1867 and again in 1870 ) .   Sears wrote Woodcraft , a book on camping , in 1884 , that has remained in print ever since . A book of poems , Forest Runes , appeared in 1887 . He died at his home in Pennsylvania seven years later . Mount Nessmuk , in northern Pennsylvania , is named after him .

neg: David Brower David Ross Brower ( -LSB- ˈbraʊər -RSB- July 1 , 1912 -- November 5 , 2000 ) was a prominent environmentalist and the founder of many environmental organizations , including the John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies , Friends of the Earth ( 1969 ) , the League of Conservation Voters , Earth Island Institute ( 1982 ) , North Cascades Conservation Council , and Fate of the Earth Conferences . From 1952 to 1969 , he served as the first Executive Director of the Sierra Club , and served on its board three times : from 1941 -- 1953 ; 1983 -- 1988 ; and 1995 -- 2000 . As a younger man , he was a prominent mountaineer .

neg: Erwin Carlé Erwin Carlé ( pseudonym Erwin Rosen ; * 7 June 1876 in Karlsruhe ; † 21 February 1923 in Hamburg ) was a German author and journalist .   Carlé was enrolled in college in Munich . Being nothing but a prankster he had to terminate his studies . To save his family from this embarrassment he , 19 at the time , was sent to the United States . There he quickly learned to stand on his own two feet , taking on any job he could find . He worked as farmhand in Texas , apothecary , dishwasher , translator for the German Western Post in St. Louis , and as journalist in San Francisco . In 1898 he found himself as part of the US Army reporting on the battle of Signal Hill in Cuba . This stage of his life was documented in his novel Der deutsche Lausbub in Amerika which translates as `` The German prankster in America '' .   Having returned to Germany and subsequently trying to escape a failed relationship with his `` jewel '' as he called her , he joined the French Foreign Legion . Signing his 5-year contract on October 6 , 1905 , he became Legionnaire 17889 . After 2 years , he was able to escape and eventually published his experience as In the Foreign Legion ( 1910 ) .

neg: Carl Miele Carl Miele ( born 25 July 1869 in Herzebrock ; died 24 December 1938 in Gütersloh ) was a German businessman . He was company co-founder of German company Miele .

neg: Charles Sidney Winder Charles Sidney Winder ( October 18 , 1829 -- August 9 , 1862 ) , was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate general officer in the American Civil War . He was killed in action during the Battle of Cedar Mountain .

neg: Carlsen (name) Carlsen is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning `` son of Carl '' . The form Karlsen is cognate . The parallel Swedish forms are Carlsson and Karlsson . Notable people with the surname include :   Agnete Carlsen ( born 1971 ) Norwegian footballer , world champion and Olympic medalist  Audun Carlsen , Norwegian male escort who was falsely imprisoned by Boy George in 2007 .  Christian Thomsen Carl , also referred to as Carlsen ( 1676-1713 ) , Danish navy officer  Dale Carlsen , American businessman  Dines Carlsen ( 1901 -- 1966 ) , American painter  Emil Carlsen ( 1853 -- 1932 ) , American painter  Eric Carlsén ( born 1982 ) , Swedish curler  Gary Carlsen ( born 1945 ) , American discus thrower  Henrik Carlsen ( born 1959 ) , Danish composer  Henrik Kurt Carlsen ( 1914 ? - 1989 ) , Danish sea captain  Kenneth Carlsen ( born 1973 ) , Danish tennis player  Magnus Carlsen ( born 1990 ) , Norwegian chess Grandmaster and current World Champion , FIDE rank # 1 as of 2011  Nils Carlsén ( born 1985 ) , Swedish curler  Olav Sigurd Carlsen ( 1930 -- 2013 ) , Norwegian politician  Per Carlsén ( born 1960 ) , Swedish curler  Reidar Carlsen ( 1908 -- 1987 ) , Norwegian politician

neg: Carlos Blacker Carlos Paton ( ` C.P. ' ) Blacker GM MC FRCP ( 8 December 1895 -- 21 April 1975 ) was an eminent war hero , psychiatrist and eugenicist who worked with R.A. Fisher and Lionel Penrose .  Blacker was educated at Eton and Oxford where he attained distinction in biology under the tutelage of Julian Huxley . He served with the Coldstream Guards during World War I and was twice mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Military Cross , for action in which he was involved in on 15 September 1916 . Twelve months previously he had lost his only sibling , a brother Robin , at Loos . Robin had also been an officer in the Coldstream Guards . C.P felt that war was dysgenic because it killed people who tended to be above the physical average and deterred thoughtful people from parenthood . He was deeply shaken by his war experience and in coming to terms with it and the loss of his brother and many of his contemporaries acknowledged a debt to Freud 's writings which stimulated in him an interest in psychiatry .   Qualifying in medicine in 1925 , Blacker became a registrar in Guy 's Hospital 's psychiatric department for three years and continued his study at the Maudsley Hospital . He later became a part-time member of its teaching staff and was later the first chairman of the newly-established Simon Population Trust .   In 1943 , on active service , Blacker was awarded the George Medal . The official citation read :   From 1931 to 1952 , Blacker was secretary of the Eugenics Society and he gave it a new focus on birth control and population planning . . His appointment as Secretary was `` not without some misgivings of -LSB- Leonard -RSB- Darwin , its chairman . The differences in outlook , aspirations and in judgement of these two men during their partnership in office in the Eugenics Society led to tensions which have been ably traced by Richard Soloway . Two prominent issues here were Darwin 's reluctance to endorse Blacker 's deep-rooted conviction that research and provision of contraception should be a major feature in the Eugenic Society 's strategy to reduce the fecundity of the lower , less able classes and his disagreement with Blacker 's aspiration to redirect more of the Eugenic Society 's effort from education and propaganda to research and promotion of contraception . ''   Ann Thetis Blacker ( 1927 -- 2006 ) , the painter and singer , was a daughter of Carlos Blacker .

neg: Biscuit Fire publication controversy The Biscuit Fire publication controversy was an academic and political controversy in the United States in January 2006 about publication of an academic paper titled Post-wildfire logging hinders regeneration and increases fire risk . The U.S Forest Service and a group of professors , including six at the Oregon State University College of Forestry , wrote a letter to the prestigious scientific journal Science requesting that publication of a short forestry paper written by an OSU Forestry graduate student and others be delayed until the authors could respond to it , arguing the article was `` short on qualifiers and context '' . The group requested alternatively that Science publish a sidebar illustrating their concerns alongside the paper . Science refused , and the paper , which had already undergone peer review and been approved for publication , appeared in the January 20 , 2006 issue . The paper had been published in the online edition of Science before the letter was written .

neg: Henry William Herbert Henry William Herbert ( April 3 , 1807 -- May 17 , 1858 ) , pen name Frank Forester , was an English novelist , poet , historian , illustrator , journalist and writer on sport . Starr writes that `` as a classical scholar he had few equals in the United States ... his knowledge of English history and literature was extensive ; he was a pen-and-ink artist of marked ability ; as a sportsman he was unsurpassed ; his pupils idolized him . ''

neg: Carlinghow Carlinghow is a district of Batley , West Yorkshire , England .   It is west of Batley town centre , and stretches up towards White Lee and Birstall , along Carlinghow Lane and Bradford Road .   The name means `` the hill or burial mound of the `` Witch '' , or `` Hag '' '' , as in an old woman , probably a soothsayer . A ` Carle ' in Scots is a commoner , a husband or in a derogatory sense , a churl or male of low birth . The name ` Carline ' , ` Cairlin ' , Carlin , ` Cyarlin ' , ` Kerlin ' or ` Kerl ' was also used in Lowland Scots as a derogatory term for an old woman , meaning an ` old hag ' . It is a corruption or equivalent of the Gaelic word `` Cailleach '' , meaning a witch or the ` old Hag ' , the Goddess of Winter . ( a `` how '' means a mound , the same as a `` low '' , often the last resting place of some ancient person of noble ranking .   It has been suggested in some quarters that the rocky outcrop , which is supposedly the place from where Carlinghow derives its name , known locally as `` The Outies '' , was in ancient times a Druidic settlement , encompassing a sacred oak grove . Oak trees are still plentiful along the banks of the hillside , as are holly bushes , which were also sacred to the Drudic Bards of Iron Age Celtic Britain . It was in this area where the Druids once ruled which is why many of the field names have a reference to the sun and oaks . It is also interesting that it is this area which catches the first rays of the sun on a morning . Nearby waterway the Batley Beck , a tributary of the River Calder runs through Carlinghow , winding parallel along the course Bradford Road .   In the area around Summerbridge Close was once Carlinghow Old Hall , an Elizabethan Manor House , a timber-framed building reputed to have been the home of the Eland family in the later Middle Ages . According to Sheard 's book , Records of Batley , it was built by Robert Eland , who died in 1521 . The style of the timbering also suggests a 16th-century date , and there was , in 1968 , a loose date-stone on site inscribed with the year 1505 .   All that survived in the late 1960s , when the Hall was recorded in detail before its demolition , was a two-storey , two-bay timber-framed range with stone walling to the ground floor , and diagonal timber ` stud ' walling with a stone slate infill ( partly replaced by bricks ) at first-floor level .   The ground floor stone walling was an original feature of the building ( there were no peg holes or mortices to show that it replaced earlier timbering ) , though the windows in it were timber-mullioned . The first-floor windows projected from the walls .   A drawing of the Hall , published in Sheard 's book in 1894 , shows that the building was no more extensive at that date than it was in the 1960s , but what survived then was presumably only the ` solar ' wing of a once much bigger ` gentry house ' .   Carlinghow Lane is a gradual hill .   At Carlinghow is a fire station ; the Wilton council estate ; and Wilton Park , locally known as Batley Park   Category : Geography of Batley

neg: Gerald Gardner (Wiccan) Gerald Brosseau Gardner ( 1884 -- 1964 ) , also known by the craft name Scire , was an English Wiccan , as well as an author and an amateur anthropologist and archaeologist . He was instrumental in bringing the Contemporary Pagan religion of Wicca to public attention , writing some of its definitive religious texts and founding the tradition of Gardnerian Wicca .   Born into an upper-middle-class family in Blundellsands , Lancashire , Gardner spent much of his childhood abroad in Madeira . In 1900 , he moved to colonial Ceylon , and then in 1911 to Malaya , where he worked as a civil servant , independently developing an interest in the native peoples and writing papers and a book about their magical practices . After his retirement in 1936 , he travelled to Cyprus , penning the novel A Goddess Arrives before returning to England . Settling down near the New Forest , he joined an occult group , the Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship , through which he claimed to have encountered the New Forest coven into which he was initiated in 1939 . Believing the coven to be a survival of the pre-Christian Witch-Cult discussed in the works of Margaret Murray , he decided to revive the faith , supplementing the coven 's rituals with ideas borrowed from Freemasonry , ceremonial magic and the writings of Aleister Crowley to form the Gardnerian tradition of Wicca .   Moving to London in 1945 , following the repeal of the Witchcraft Act of 1736 he became intent on propagating this religion , attracting media attention and writing about it in High Magic 's Aid ( 1949 ) , Witchcraft Today ( 1954 ) and The Meaning of Witchcraft ( 1959 ) . Founding a Wiccan group known as the Bricket Wood coven , he introduced a string of High Priestesses into the religion , including Doreen Valiente , Lois Bourne , Patricia Crowther and Eleanor Bone , through which the Gardnerian community spread throughout Britain and subsequently into Australia and the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . Involved for a time with Cecil Williamson , Gardner also became director of the Museum of Magic and Witchcraft on the Isle of Man , which he ran until his death .   Gardner is internationally recognised as the `` Father of Wicca '' among the Pagan and occult communities . His claims regarding the New Forest coven have been widely scrutinised , with Gardner being the subject of investigation for historians and biographers such as Aidan Kelly , Ronald Hutton and Philip Heselton .

neg: Carl Behr Carl Julius Peter Behr ( 28 October 1874 -- 16 November 1943 ) was a German ophthalmologist born in Hamburg . In 1909 he described an hereditary syndrome of optic and neurologic disorders now known as Behr 's syndrome .   After attending several universities in Germany , he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Kiel in 1900 . Later he was an intern and assistant-physician at Eppendorf and St. Georg 's hospitals in Hamburg . In 1910 he was habilitated for ophthalmology at Kiel , where in 1916 he became an associate professor . In 1923 he was appointed to the chair of ophthalmology in Hamburg .   Behr specialized in the study of neuro-ophthalmological disorders , making contributions in his research involving the pathological processes in papilloedema and tabetic optic atrophy . His name is lent to `` Behr 's pupil '' , a slightly dilated pupil in association with an optic tract lesion that is usually associated with a contralateral hemiparesis .   In 1933 Behr signed the Loyalty Oath of German Professors to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist State .

neg: Forrest (surname) Forrest is a common English surname deriving from Forest . Variant spellings include Forest , Foriest , De Forest , De Forrest , DeForest and DeForrest . It appears to originate in Scotland around the Edinburgh region . The Forrest clan fought with Bonnie Prince Charlie travelling down to England with the Scottish invasions of the 17th and 18th centuries .   Notable real persons with the name include :  Alexander Forrest , Australian explorer  Andrew Forrest , Australian mining entrepreneur  Anne Marie Forrest , Irish writer  Anthony Alexander Forrest , Australian rules footballer and soldier  April Forrest , singer in girlgroup Jada UniversalMotown  Arthur J. Forrest , Medal of Honor recipient  Barbara Forrest , philosopher and critic of intelligent design  Catriona Forrest , Scottish field hockey player  Craig Forrest , Canadian soccer/football player  Dan Forrest , American composer  David Forrest ( disambiguation ) , several people of that name  Edwin Forrest , American actor  Emmett Forrest ( 1927 -- 2013 ) , American collector and museum founder  Eric Forrest , bass guitarist  Frederic Forrest , American actor  French Forrest , American Confederate naval officer  George Forrest , several people  Hal Forrest , American comics artist  Helen Forrest , American big band singer  Ina Forrest , Canadian wheelchair curler  James Forrest ( disambiguation ) , several people  Jason Forrest , electronic music producer  Jodi Forrest , American actress  Joe Forrest , American Football/Baseball Coach Trade Show Exhibit Expert  John Forrest ( disambiguation ) , several people  Joseph King Cummins Forrest , an original founder of The Chicago Tribune  Katherine V. Forrest , American writer  Kevin Forrest , American soccer player  Linn A. Forrest , American architect  Margaret Forrest , wife of John Forrest the explorer  Maureen Milgram Forrest ( 1938 -- 2013 ) , British businesswoman  Nathan Bedford Forrest , Confederate general  Nathan Bedford Forrest III , American general  Paula Forrest , Australian actress  Peter Forrest , Australian cricketer  Ray Forrest , American radio announcer  Ruth Forrest , Tasmanian politician  Sally Forrest , American actress  Sam Forrest , singer and guitarist  Steve Forrest ( actor ) ( 1925 -- 2013 ) , American actor  Steve Forrest ( musician ) , rock music drummer  Ted Forrest , American poker player  Thomas Forrest , American politician  Thomas Forrest , Esq ( 1572-1641 ) , Virginia Company Financier , husband of the first woman to come to America in 1608  Uriah Forrest ( 1746-1805 ) , Revolutionary War hero , U.S. Congressman and delegate for Maryland , and direct descendent of Thomas Forrest , Esq ( 1572-1641 )  Thorne Forrest , P. Eng. , Traffic Engineer  Vernon Forrest ( 1971-2009 ) , American boxer  William Forrest ( 1902 -- 1989 ) , an American film actor  William Forrest ( disambiguation ) , several people   Notable fictional characters include :   Duke Forrest , a character from the M * A * S * H novels  Admiral Maxwell Forrest , a recurring character on Star Trek : Enterprise

neg: The Collins Companies The Collins Companies , which began operations in 1855 , is a family-owned American forest products company . Headquartered in Portland , Oregon , Collins was the first privately owned forest products company in the United States to have all of its hardwood and softwood forests certified by the Forest Stewardship Council ( FSC ) . In addition to its forests and sawmills , Collins also : Manufactures siding and trim , particleboard , hardwood , and softwood lumber , and operates retail hardware and lumber yards in northern California . The Collins Companies include : Collins Pine Company , Collins Hardwood LLC , Collins Products LLC , Collins Builders Supply , and the Almanor Railroad .

neg: Robert Forester Mushet Robert Forester Mushet ( 8 April 1811 -- 29 January 1891 ) was a British metallurgist and businessman , born on 8 April 1811 , in Coleford , in the Forest of Dean , Gloucestershire , England . He was the youngest son of Scottish parents , Agnes Wilson and David Mushet ; an ironmaster , formerly of the Clyde , Alfreton and Whitecliff Ironworks .   In 1818/9 David Mushet built a foundry named Darkhill Ironworks in the Forest of Dean . Robert spent his formative years studying metallurgy with his father and took over the management of Darkhill in 1845 . In 1848 he moved to the newly constructed Forest Steel Works on the edge of the Darkhill site where he carried out over ten thousand experiments in ten years before moving to the Titanic Steelworks in 1862 .   It seems that Mushet only began using his middle name ` Forester ' in 1845 , and only occasionally at first . In his later years he said he had been given the name from the Forest of Dean , although he variously spelled it both ` Forester ' and ` Forrester ' .   In 1876 he was awarded the Bessemer Gold Medal by the Iron and Steel Institute , their highest award .   Robert Mushet died on 29 January 1891 in Cheltenham . He is buried with his wife and daughter , Mary , in Cheltenham Cemetery .

neg: Ansel Franklin Hall Ansel F. Hall ( May 6 , 1894 , Oakland , California -- March 28 , 1962 ) was an American naturalist . He was the first Chief Naturalist and first Chief Forester of the United States National Park Service .

neg: Smokey Bear Smokey Bear is an American advertising mascot created by artist Harry Rossoll , and administered by the United States Forest Service , the National Association of State Foresters , and the Ad Council to educate the public about the dangers of forest fires . A campaign featuring Smokey and the slogan `` Smokey Says -- Care Will Prevent 9 out of 10 Forest Fires '' began in 1944 . His later slogan , `` Remember ... Only YOU Can Prevent Forest Fires '' was created in 1947 by the Advertising Council . In April 2001 , the message was updated to `` Only You Can Prevent Wildfires . '' According to the Ad Council , he and his message are recognized in the United States by 95 % of adults and 77 % of children .   In 1952 , the songwriters Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins had a successful song named `` Smokey the Bear '' . The pair said `` the '' was added to Smokey 's name to keep the song 's rhythm . During the 1950s , that variant of the name became widespread both in popular speech and in print , including at least one standard encyclopedia . A 1955 book in the Little Golden Books series was called Smokey the Bear and he calls himself by this name in the book . It depicted him as an orphaned cub rescued in the aftermath of a forest fire . From the beginning , his name was intentionally spelled differently from the adjective ` smoky ' .   Smokey Bear 's name and image are protected by U.S. federal law , the Smokey Bear Act of 1952 ( 16 U.S.C. 580 ( p-2 ) ; 18 U.S.C. 711 ) .

neg: Linnaeus Arboretum The Linnaeus Arboretum , on the campus of Gustavus Adolphus College in Saint Peter , Minnesota , United States , contains a number of botanical gardens and an arboretum . The arboretum is named for Carl Linnaeus , Swedish botanist . Its first trees were planted as small seedlings in 1973 on agricultural land .


query: Kong: Skull Island is a book.

pos: Kong: Skull Island Kong : Skull Island is a 2017 American action-adventure monster film directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts and written by Dan Gilroy , Max Borenstein and Derek Connolly , from a story by John Gatins . The film is a reboot of the King Kong franchise and serves as the second film in Legendary 's MonsterVerse . It stars an ensemble cast consisting of Tom Hiddleston , Samuel L. Jackson , John Goodman , Brie Larson , Jing Tian , Toby Kebbell , John Ortiz , Corey Hawkins , Jason Mitchell , Shea Whigham , Thomas Mann , Terry Notary and John C. Reilly . The film follows a team of scientists and Vietnam War soldiers who travel to an uncharted island in the Pacific and encounter terrifying creatures and the mighty Kong .   Principal photography took place from October 2015 to March 2016 in Hawaii and various locations around Vietnam . Kong : Skull Island premiered on February 28 , 2017 , in London and was released in the United States on March 10 , 2017 , in 2D , 3D , IMAX 3D and in Dolby Cinemas . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 565 million worldwide against its $ 185 million budget and making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2017 .

neg: Our Island Story Our Island Story : A Child 's History of England is a book by Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall , first published in 1905 in London by T. C. & E. C. Jack .   It covers the history of England from the time of the Roman occupation until Queen Victoria 's death , using a mixture of traditional history and mythology to explain the story of British history in a way accessible to younger readers .   Prime Minister David Cameron chose Our Island Story when asked to select his favourite childhood book in October 2010 :   `` When I was younger , I particularly enjoyed ` Our Island Story ' by Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall -LSB- ... -RSB- It is written in a way that really captured my imagination and which nurtured my interest in the history of our great nation . ''   The book depicts the union of England and Scotland as a desirable and inevitable event , and praises rebels and the collective will of the common people in opposing tyrants , including kings like John and Charles I.

neg: Spook Country Spook Country is a 2007 novel by speculative fiction author William Gibson . A political thriller set in contemporary North America , it followed on from the author 's previous novel , Pattern Recognition ( 2003 ) , and was succeeded in 2010 by Zero History , which featured much of the same core cast of characters . The plot comprises the intersecting tales of three protagonists : Hollis Henry , a musician-turned-journalist researching a story on locative art ; Tito , a young Cuban-Chinese operative whose family is on occasion in the employ of a renegade ex-CIA agent ; and Milgrim , a drug-addled translator held captive by Brown , a strangely authoritarian and secretive man . Themes explored include the ubiquity of locative technology , the eversion of cyberspace and the political climate of the United States in the aftermath of the September 11 , 2001 attacks .   Spook Country quickly reached mainstream North American bestseller lists and was nominated for British Science Fiction Association and Locus Awards .

neg: Image Comics Image Comics is an American comic book publisher . It was founded in 1992 by several high-profile illustrators as a venue where comics creators could publish their material without giving up the copyrights to the characters they created , as creator-owned properties . It was immediately successful , and remains one of the largest comic book publishers in North America . Its output was originally dominated by superhero and fantasy series from the studios of the Image partners , but now includes comics in many genres by numerous independent creators . Its best-known series include Spawn , Savage Dragon , Witchblade , The Darkness , Invincible , The Walking Dead , Saga , and Chew .

neg: Crocodile Dundee Crocodile Dundee ( stylized as `` Crocodile '' Dundee in the U.S. ) is a 1986 Australian-American comedy film set in the Australian Outback and in New York City . It stars Paul Hogan as the weathered Mick Dundee . Hogan 's future wife Linda Kozlowski portrayed Sue Charlton .   Inspired by the true life exploits of Rod Ansell , the film was made on a budget of under $ 10 million as a deliberate attempt to make a commercial Australian film that would appeal to a mainstream American audience , but proved to be a worldwide phenomenon . Released on 30 April 1986 in Australia , and on 26 September 1986 in the United States , it was the second-highest-grossing film in the United States in that year and went on to become the second-highest grossing film worldwide at the box office as well , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US .   There are two versions of the film : the Australian version , and an international version , which had much of the Australian slang replaced with more commonly understood terms , and was slightly shorter . Although the film was a hit both in Australia and abroad , it became controversial with some Australian critics and audiences -- who resented the image of Australians as being ocker .   The first scenes were filmed in the small town of McKinlay in Queensland . The hotel has original warped and polished hardwood floors . There are no crocodiles in the area as it 's in the outback with no major water source .   Crocodile Dundee was followed by two sequels : Crocodile Dundee II ( 1988 ) and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles ( 2001 ) , although both films failed to match the critical success of the predecessor .

neg: The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .

neg: Indiana Jones Adventure The Indiana Jones Adventure is an enhanced motion vehicle dark ride attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea , based on the Indiana Jones film series . Guests accompany intrepid archaeologist Dr. Indiana Jones on a turbulent quest , aboard military troop transport vehicles , through a dangerous lost temple guarded by a supernatural power .   The attraction premiered as Temple of the Forbidden Eye at Disneyland in Anaheim , California on March 3 , 1995 , and opened to the general public on March 4 , 1995 . A second , and nearly identical , version of the ride opened as Temple of the Crystal Skull on September 4 , 2001 at Tokyo DisneySea in Chiba , Japan , unrelated to the 2008 film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull .

neg: Society-related comics Society-related comics are comics ( manhua ) that reflect societal issues and topics . In Hong Kong , some of them are about social satire ; some talk about daily lives of Hong Kongers ; some caricaturists also talk about past lives of Hong Kong in order to recall a collective memory , etc. . McDull is the first well-known society-related comic . McDull was created by two local caricaturists , Alice Mak and Brian Tse . They use a hilarious way to express the core value , diligence .

neg: The Lost World: Jurassic Park (console game) The Lost World : Jurassic Park is an action-adventure video game developed by DreamWorks Interactive and Appaloosa Interactive , and published by Electronic Arts and Sega for the Sony PlayStation and Sega Saturn , respectively , in 1997 . The Lost World : Jurassic Park is based on the film of the same name , which in turn is based on the novel by Michael Crichton . In 1998 a special edition of the game was released for the Sony PlayStation as a Greatest Hits title and featured several modifications to the gameplay .

neg: The Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago is a book by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace that chronicles his scientific exploration , during the eight-year period 1854 to 1862 , of the southern portion of the Malay Archipelago including Malaysia , Singapore , the islands of Indonesia , then known as the Dutch East Indies , and the island of New Guinea . It was published in two volumes in 1869 , delayed by Wallace 's ill health and the work needed to describe the many specimens he brought home . The book went through ten editions in the nineteenth century ; it has been reprinted many times since , and has been translated into at least eight languages .   The book described each island that he visited in turn , giving a detailed account of its physical and human geography , its volcanoes , and the variety of animals and plants that he found and collected . At the same time , he describes his experiences , the difficulties of travel , and the help he received from the different peoples that he met . The preface notes that he travelled over 14,000 miles and collected 125,660 natural history specimens , mostly of insects though also thousands of molluscs , birds , mammals and reptiles .   The work was illustrated with engravings , based on Wallace 's observations and collection , by the leading illustrators Thomas Baines , Walter Hood Fitch , John Gerrard Keulemans , E. W. Robinson , Joseph Wolf and T. W. Wood .   The Malay Archipelago attracted many reviews , with interest from scientific , geographic , church and general periodicals . Reviewers noted and sometimes disagreed with various of his theories , especially the division of fauna and flora along what soon became known as the Wallace line , natural selection and uniformitarianism . Nearly all agreed that he had provided an interesting and comprehensive account of the geography , natural history , and peoples of the archipelago , which was little known to their readers at the time , and that he had collected an astonishing number of specimens . The book is much cited , and is Wallace 's most successful , both commercially and as a piece of literature .

neg: Isle of Canes Isle of Canes ( ISBN 1-59331-306-3 ) , a novel by Elizabeth Shown Mills , follows an African family from its importation and enslavement in 1735 through four generations of freedom in Creole Louisiana to its re-subjugation by Jim Crow at the close of the nineteenth century . Mills explores the family 's `` struggle to find a place in -LSB- a -RSB- tightly defined world of black and white '' -- a world made more complex by the larger struggle of Louisiana 's native ancien regime to preserve its culture amid the Anglo-Protestant `` invasion '' that followed the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the resulting battle for political and social hegemony . Isle 's central theme is the ambiguous lives of those who escaped colonial slavery only to find they could not survive as free without complicity in the slave regime .   The novel 's subject-family is one that has been both romanticized and excoriated by journalists , academics , descendants , and current websites over the past half-century . Isle 's interpretation of their controversial role is based heavily on the author 's original research across three decades in the archives of six nations , and actual documents are interspersed throughout the novel . The author 's research began in 1972 when she was employed by a preservation society to document the history of one Isle landmark , Melrose Plantation .   Critical assessments of Isle of Canes focus on its upturning of stereotypes . Contemporary Lit describes the focus as `` Gone with the Wind from a vastly different , more important perspective ... not that of the plantation owner or the poor white ... but homme de couleur libre and slave ... capturing the agonizing decisions which tore families and communities apart . '' Historical Novels Review similarly observes , `` The Metoyers , a historical family both black and white and yet neither , challenge all perceptions of racial boundaries . You may never look at American History the same way again . ''   The Isle community is also the focus in Lalita Tademy 's Oprah Book Club pick , Cane River . Mills 's Isle explores the colonial roots of the community and the experience of slaves who achieved freedom prior to the onset of Louisiana 's Creole-Anglo conflict . Tademy 's story , whose earliest slave generations are based upon research by Mills and her daughter , portrays the mid-nineteenth -- and early-twentieth-century experiences of the community 's slave families who envied , respected , and resented the free status of the Isle 's Creoles de couleur libre -- some of whose blood they shared .   A third , much older novel , Lyle Saxon 's Children of Strangers , depicts the state of servitude into which the Islanders were subjected by the early twentieth-century . Saxon 's era was one in which the chatelaine of the family 's last remaining manor house ( Melrose Plantation , a National Historic Landmark since 1976 ) was an Anglo patroness of the arts , who encouraged Saxon to visit and `` observe '' the community first hand . Saxon 's portrayal captures the mindset of that era 's white population , who vacillated between economic exploitation of the Islanders , sexual attraction to their women , and a paternalistic view of the multiracial Creoles as `` simple people , but our people . ''   Historians struggle to understand the complexities of the Peculiar Institution -- particularly the motivation that compelled a significant number of freed American slaves to purchase other humans once free to do so . Edward P. Jones lays out one psychological path in The Known World creating a fictional anti-hero , the Black Virginian Henry Townsend , who is consumed by his self-centered ambition . Isle of Canes reconstructs the world of an actual family to define a radically different but equally uncomfortable trajectory by which more than a few ex-slaves survived a status many historians consider `` neither slave nor free . ''

neg: Adventures in Oz Adventures in Oz is a collection of five graphic novels by Eric Shanower set in the Land of Oz . They were originally published separately from 1986 to 1992 . The first four , The Enchanted Apples of Oz ( 1986 ) , The Secret Island of Oz ( 1986 ) , The Ice King of Oz ( 1987 ) , and The Forgotten Forest of Oz ( 1988 ) were published by First Comics . The fifth , The Blue Witch of Oz , was published by Dark Horse Comics in 1992 . The hardcover edition contained an extensive appendix by Shanower about his Oz comic work , including previously unseen artwork and comics , as well as alternate endings to some stories .   The five volumes were collected , revised , and published in an omnibus edition by IDW Publishing in 2006 . Recently , the collection has been split into two pocket-size volumes called Little Adventures in Oz .

neg: Return to Eden (novel) Return To Eden is a 1988 science fiction novel by American writer Harry Harrison .   The novel is the third and final volume in Harrison 's Eden . The first two stories of the trilogy are West of Eden and Winter in Eden .   The novel tells an alternate history of planet Earth in which the extinction of the dinosaurs never occurred . There is a war between a group of Cro-Magnon-level humans , who are descended from New World Monkeys , and a reptilian race called the Yilanè , who are descended from the prehistoric mosasaur and have become the dominant lifeform on the planet .   The central characters from the first book return , Vaintè , an ambitious Yilanè , and Kerrick , a `` ustuzou '' ( the Yilanè word for mammal ) captured by the Yilanè as a boy and raised by them . Kerrick eventually escapes to rejoin his own people and burn the Yilanè colony city .

neg: White Shark (novel) White Shark is a 1994 novel by author Peter Benchley , famous for Jaws , The Island , Beast and The Deep . It is similar to Jaws , but it does not feature a shark , despite what the title suggests . To avoid confusion and to capitalize on the movie adaptation , the book was republished as Creature in 1997 .

neg: Son of Kong Son of Kong is a 1933 American Pre-Code adventure monster film produced by RKO Pictures . Directed by Ernest Schoedsack and featuring special effects by Buzz Gibson and Willis O'Brien , the film starred Robert Armstrong , Helen Mack and Frank Reicher . This film is the lesser-known sequel to King Kong , and was released just nine months after its predecessor .

neg: Fukuinkan Shoten is a Japanese publishing company headquartered in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Japan . It was founded on February 1 , 1952 .   They have published multiple best-selling series , including Guri and Gura and Iyaiyaen by Rieko Nakagawa and the Kiki 's Delivery Service series by Eiko Kadono . They also publish in Japan the Peter Rabbit series by Beatrix Potter , The Adventures of Tintin by Hergé , various books featuring the character Miffy , and the My Father 's Dragon series by Ruth Stiles Gannett , among others .   Category :1952 establishments in Japan  Category : Book publishing companies in Tokyo  Category : Magazine publishing companies in Tokyo  Category : Publishing companies established in 1952

neg: JSA: The Liberty Files JSA : The Liberty Files is a comic book published by DC Comics . The writers were Dan Jolley and Tony Harris . The artists were Harris and Ray Snyder . The books were originally written as two separate two-issue stories ; JSA : The Liberty File in 2000 and a sequel , JSA : The Unholy Three in 2003 . They were published as a single volume collection in 2004 . In 2012 , an additional sequel entitled JSA : The Liberty Files - The Whistling Skull debuted , again with Tony Harris , and featuring B. Clay Moore as the writer .   The series was created as part of DC 's Elseworlds line ; stories that are considered non-canonical . This series was based on characters from the Justice Society of America but portrayed them as covert government operatives in a World War II-era setting , rather than their traditional portrayal as superheroes fighting criminals .

neg: Mario vs. Donkey Kong: Mini-Land Mayhem! is a puzzle video game developed by Nintendo Software Technology and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS . It was announced at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 and released in North America on November 14 , 2010 . It is the fourth game in the Mario vs. Donkey Kong series .   In the game , Mario and Pauline are sponsoring the grand opening of the amusement park `` Mini-Land , '' when Pauline is kidnapped by Donkey Kong and must be rescued by Mario and his team of miniature Mario toys . Instead of playing as Mario , players use a stylus to modify level architecture , allowing the mini Marios to exit the level or attack Donkey Kong . There is also a Construction Zone that allows players to build and share their own levels .

neg: Junior Woodchucks The Junior Woodchucks of the World are the Scouting organization to which the Disney characters Huey , Dewey , and Louie belong . The Junior Woodchucks were created by Carl Barks in 1951 , in the story `` Operation St. Bernhard '' ( Walt Disney 's Comics and Stories # 125 ) . Later stories introduced a similar organization for girls , the Littlest Chickadees , to which Daisy Duck 's nieces , April , May and June belong . The hallmark of the Junior Woodchucks is their spirited dedication to environmental protection and animal welfare , as well as the preservation of knowledge and the furtherance of science . They are also known for their exalted titles and ranks ( Huey , Dewey , and Louie being promoted to become Ten-Star Generals in the 1951 story of the same name ) and the awarding of buckets of badges , along with severe ideals as to decorum . In this way Barks poked gentle but pointed satire at aspects of the Boy Scouts of America .   Junior Woodchucks always carry with them a copy of the Junior Woodchucks ' Guidebook , a fictional guidebook filled with detailed and pertinent information about whatever country or situation the Woodchucks find themselves . Its depth of coverage is remarkable , considering that it is a small paperback book .   Don Rosa wrote and drew a story regarding the origin of the Junior Woodchucks ' Guidebook , `` Guardians of the Lost Library '' , which Comics Buyer 's Guide mentioned as possibly the greatest comic book story of all time . Rosa 's later story W.H.A.D.A.L.O.T.T.A.J.A.R.G.O.N. tells of how Huey , Dewey , and Louie came to join the Junior Woodchucks .   In 1971 Carl Barks drew a model sheet of the nephews , with some of the drawings showing them in their Junior Woodchuck uniforms , for the Disney studio 's publications department .   Most of the early Junior Woodchucks stories appeared in Walt Disney 's Comics and Stories . They also appeared in Donald Duck and in Uncle Scrooge . In 1966 , they got their own title , Huey , Dewey , and Louie and the Junior Woodchucks , published by Gold Key Comics for 62 issues , and then continued by Whitman Comics for another 20 issues until 1983 . The stories which Carl Barks wrote for this comic book , among the last comic book stories he scripted , were drawn by Kay Wright , John Carey and Tony Strobl . More recently Daan Jippes has been commissioned by Egmont to redraw these stories emulating Barks ' style and drawing inspiration from the sketches of Barks ' storyboard-like scripts .   Disney Comics published a Junior Woodchucks four issue mini series in 1991 .

neg: One Man's Island One Man 's Island is a non-fiction book written by David Conover carries on the story begun in Once Upon an Island , but in a totally different style and format . Written some thirteen years after the experience described in Once Upon an Island , this book presents another year in the life of the couple who began their island paradise . This book is based on the diary Connover kept and presents a mixture of his experiences as he was writing his first book and philosophical insights and wisdom which he collected during his life on the island .

neg: Echo in the Skull Echo in the Skull is a science-fiction novel by British novelist John Brunner , first published in the United States by Ace Books as part of Ace Double #D -385 . In 1974 Brunner had an expanded version of the story published as Give Warning to the World .