query: Dirty Diana is by someone from a country.

pos: Dirty Diana `` Dirty Diana '' is a song by American artist Michael Jackson . It is the ninth track on Jackson 's seventh studio album , Bad . The song was released by Epic Records on April 18 , 1988 as the fifth single from the album . It presents a harder rock sound similar to `` Beat It '' from Thriller and a guitar solo played by Steve Stevens . `` Dirty Diana '' was written and co-produced by Jackson , and produced by Quincy Jones . The songs lyrics pertain to groupies . `` Dirty Diana '' has a moderate tempo and is played in the key of G minor .   `` Dirty Diana '' received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics , but was a commercial success worldwide in 1988 , charting at No. 1 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 . The song also charted within the top ten in multiple countries , including the United Kingdom , France , Italy , and New Zealand . `` Dirty Diana '' was the fifth and final Hot 100 number one single from Bad . In 2009 , after Jackson 's death in June , the song re-entered charts , mainly due to digital download sales . A music video for `` Dirty Diana '' was filmed in front of a live audience and released in 1988 .

pos: Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson ( August 29 , 1958 -- June 25 , 2009 ) was an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , actor , and philanthropist . Called the `` King of Pop '' , his contributions to music , dance , and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades .   The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 . He began his solo career in 1971 . In the early 1980s , Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music . His music videos , including those of `` Beat It '' , `` Billie Jean '' , and `` Thriller '' from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool . The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame . Jackson 's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' , `` Bad '' , `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' , `` Man in the Mirror '' , and `` Dirty Diana '' , becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He continued to innovate with videos such as `` Black or White '' and `` Scream '' throughout the 1990s , and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist . Through stage and video performances , Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques , such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres .   Thriller is the best-selling album of all time , with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide . Jackson 's other albums , including Off the Wall ( 1979 ) , Bad ( 1987 ) , Dangerous ( 1991 ) , and HIStory ( 1995 ) , also rank among the world 's best-selling albums . He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records . Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music . His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records , 13 Grammy Awards , the Grammy Legend Award , the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , 26 American Music Awards -- more than any other artist -- including the `` Artist of the Century '' and `` Artist of the 1980s '' , 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career -- more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era -- and estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide . Jackson won hundreds of awards , making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music . He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when `` Love Never Felt So Good '' reached number nine on May 21 , 2014 . Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism , and , in 2000 , the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities , more than any other entertainer .   Aspects of Jackson 's personal life , including his changing appearance , personal relationships , and behavior , generated controversy . In 1993 , he was accused of child sexual abuse , but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought . In 2005 , he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts . While preparing for his comeback concert series , This Is It , Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25 , 2009 , after suffering from cardiac arrest . The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide , and his personal physician , Conrad Murray , was convicted of involuntary manslaughter . Jackson 's death triggered a global outpouring of grief , and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world . Forbes ranks Jackson the top-earning dead celebrity , with earnings of $ 825 million in 2016 , the highest yearly amount ever recorded by the publication .

neg: I'm Too Sexy `` I 'm Too Sexy '' is the debut song by British group Right Said Fred . The single peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart . Outside the United Kingdom , `` I 'm Too Sexy '' topped the charts in six countries , including Australia , Ireland , and the United States .   The single equalled the record for the most weeks at number two on the UK Singles Chart without ever topping the chart , staying at number two for six weeks in a row while held back by Bryan Adams ' '' ( Everything I Do ) I Do It for You '' ( this equalled the previous record set by Father Abraham 's 1978 hit `` The Smurf Song '' ) .   `` I 'm Too Sexy '' was the act 's first of several hits , particularly in the United Kingdom . They went on to have a number one single on the UK Singles Chart with `` Deeply Dippy '' in April 1992 .   In April 2008 , the song was rated No. 49 on `` The 50 Worst Songs Ever ! Watch , Listen and Cringe ! '' by Blender . In 2007 , the song was voted No. 80 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Songs of the 90s . In 2011 , it was voted No. 2 on VH1 's 40 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the 90s .

neg: Exotica Exotica is a musical genre , named after the 1957 Martin Denny album of the same title , popular during the 1950s to mid-1960s , typically with suburban Americans who came of age during World War II . The musical colloquialism exotica means tropical ersatz good , the non-native , pseudo experience of insular Oceania , Southeast Asia , Hawaii , the Amazon basin , the Andes and tribal Africa . Denny described the musical style as `` a combination of the South Pacific and the Orient ... what a lot of people imagined the islands to be like ... it 's pure fantasy though . '' While the South Seas forms the core region , exotica reflects the `` musical impressions '' of every place from standard travel destinations to the mythical `` shangri-las '' dreamt of by armchair safari-ers .

neg: Don't Cry for Me Argentina `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' is a song recorded by Julie Covington for the 1976 concept album , Evita , and was later included in the 1978 musical of the same name . The song was written and composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice while they were researching the life of Argentinian leader Eva Perón . It appeared at the opening and near the end of the show , initially as the spirit of the dead Eva exhorting the people of Argentina not to mourn her , and finally during Eva 's speech from the balcony of Casa Rosada . Covington was signed by the songwriters for the track , based on her previous work in musicals .   The Evita album had taken 3 -- 4 months to record , since Rice was not satisfied with the intensity of the initial recordings . It had a number of different titles before `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' was decided as the final one . The song shares its melody with `` Oh What a Circus '' from the same show and lyrically consists of platitudes where Eva tries to win the favour of the people of Argentina . It was released in the United Kingdom on 12 November 1976 as the first single from the album , accompanied by national and trade advertising , full-colour posters , display sleeves as well as radio interviews .   The song reached number-one on the UK Singles Chart and earned a gold certification from the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , with over a million copies sold . It also reached the top of the charts in Australia , Belgium , Ireland , New Zealand and the Netherlands . `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' was critically appreciated , with Rice and Lloyd Webber winning the 1977 Ivor Novello award in the category of Best Song Musically and Lyrically . When Evita moved to a London theatre , Covington -- who had become disenchanted with the whole project -- refused to reprise the part of Eva and the role went to Elaine Paige . `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' has been covered by multiple artists , including The Carpenters , Olivia Newton-John , Sinéad O'Connor as well as the TV series Glee actors Lea Michele and Chris Colfer .   In 1996 , American singer Madonna starred in the film adaptation of the musical in the title role . Her version of `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' was released as the second single from the film soundtrack on 4 February 1997 . A separate version called the `` Miami Mix '' , which included re-recorded vocals in English and Spanish and an Argentinean bandoneon in the song 's intro , was promoted to radio . Madonna 's vocals received positive critical response and the song went on to reach the top of the charts across Europe , Spain and the remix reached number-one on US Dance Club Songs charts . The song also reached the top-ten of the charts a number of nations , including the US Billboard Hot 100 chart , and received gold certifications from five of them .

neg: Hotel Cabana Hotel Cabana is the debut studio album by British record producer Shahid `` Naughty Boy '' Khan , released from 23 August 2013 through Naughty Boy Recordings and Virgin EMI . Khan set up his Naughty Boy Productions record and production company . He would find his break by producing Chipmunk 's 2009 top-ten single `` Diamond Rings '' , featuring a then unknown Emeli Sandé . Naughty Boy released his own debut single as a signed artist in 2010 . `` Never Be Your Woman '' samples White Town 's 1997 number-one single `` Your Woman '' and featured British grime artist Wiley and Sandé on the chorus ; it reached the top ten in the UK and is included as a bonus track on Hotel Cabana .   The collaboration marked the start of a partnership between Naughty Boy and Sandé which is seen throughout Hotel Cabana and Sandé 's debut set , Our Version of Events ( 2012 ) . Hotel Cabana is R&B , soul , garage , pop and hip hop music productions record , with influences from orchestral and Bollywood music . Naughty Boy describes it as an `` audio-visual experience '' and a concept album based on a luxury hotel where musicians come to perform . Hotel Cabana reunites Naughty Boy with Sandé on eight collaborations , as well as features from other British artists such George the Poet , Sam Smith , Bastille , Tinie Tempah , Ella Eyre , Gabrielle , Wretch 32 , Mic Righteous , Maiday , Chasing Grace , Ed Sheeran , and American rapper Wiz Khalifa , who appears on the album 's fourth single overall , `` Think About It '' , with Eyre . Ava Stokes , Tanika , Thabo and RØMANS make additional appearances on the US version of the album which was released by Virgin Records on 6 May 2014 .   Prior to release , Hotel Cabana was promoted with several video trailers which included the collaborating artists arriving at the fictional hotel . It was also preceded by the release of three singles , including the two top-ten Sandé collaborations : `` Wonder '' and `` Lifted '' , as well as the UK Singles Chart-topper `` La La La '' ( featuring Sam Smith ) . Upon release , the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who praised the production , but with some criticism towards the concept , execution and some collaborations . Hotel Cabana made its chart debuts at number two in the UK , number five in Scotland and twenty-five in Ireland .

neg: Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults .   Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's ,  Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience .   During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .

neg: Dirty Hits Dirty Hits is the first greatest hits compilation album by British rock band Primal Scream . It was released on 3 November 2003 . Early limited versions came in a card sleeve with a bonus disc of remixes ; most had previously appeared as b-sides .   The album is generally made up of chronologically listed singles , except `` Long Life '' , `` Shoot Speed/Kill Light '' `` Deep Hit of Morning Sun '' ; all were album tracks . The album summarizes the band 's material from 1990 to 2003 . The rare C86 single `` Velocity Girl '' is not included , neither is anything from Sonic Flower Groove or their self-titled 1989 album .

neg: The Witch (album) The Witch is the second album by Ambar , and collaboration between actress and singer María Conchita Alonso and Italo -- Venezuelan producer Rudy La Scala . It was released in 1980 and was their second and final collaboration . Like its predecessor , the album Love Maniac , it was recorded in English . However , trends were already starting to change and the popularity of disco from the 1970s was ending , so this album is less dance-oriented and it leans more towards rock . Alonso reinvented her image for this release , dressing as a gypsy for promotional appearances . That imagery , together with the album title and her reputation for wildness in the media fueled rumors about her being a Satan worshipper in the tabloids .   The title track was used as the promotional single for the album but did n't match the success of the album . However , it was a moderate hit in Venezuela and paved the way for Maria Conchita 's solo debut `` Dangerous Rhythm '' . La Scala went on to become a solo artist in the mid 1980s .   Besides the title track , the album includes five other songs where Alonso sings the lead vocals ( `` Lonely Is The World '' , `` Mr. Renny '' , `` I 'm OK '' , `` Do You Love ? '' and `` Look Up '' ) and a duet with Rudy La Scala ( `` Forever Darling '' ) . La Scala sings the lead vocal on `` Tati 's Song '' . The album also includes an instrumental song , `` End Of A Dream '' .   The album has only been released on 12 '' vinyl and cassette , and is currently out of print .

neg: Diana Vickers discography The discography of Diana Vickers , a British singer-songwriter , consists of two studio albums , one extended play , and seven singles . Vickers debuted in 2008 as a contestant on the The X Factor , a British television music competition . Her fourth-place finish brought Vickers to the attention of RCA Records , which signed her in 2009 .   Vickers released her debut studio album Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree in May 2010 . The album reached number one on the United Kingdom albums chart and the top ten of the Irish and Scottish album charts . In August 2010 , it was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Two singles were released from the album : `` Once '' and `` The Boy Who Murdered Love '' , with `` Once '' peaking at number one in the UK . `` My Wicked Heart '' , a non-album song , followed in late 2010 .   In July 2011 , Vickers parted ways with RCA Records citing `` musical differences '' in the direction for the second album as the reason behind the mutual split . In February 2013 , it was revealed that Vickers had signed a worldwide record deal with So Recordings . On 9 April 2013 , it was confirmed that the lead single to Vickers ' second album is titled `` Cinderella '' , with a preview snippet being made available on iTunes . `` Cinderella '' was released to digital retailers on 21 July 2013 in the UK .   Vickers ' second album titled , Music to Make Boys Cry followed on 15 September 2013 in the UK and Ireland along with the title track serving as the album 's second single . The album charted at number thirty-seven on the UK Albums Chart and number nine on the UK Indie Chart on 22 September 2013 . It also broke into the Top 20 of the Irish Independent Albums Chart peaking at number nineteen .

neg: I Want You (Thalía song) `` I Want You '' / `` Me Pones Sexy '' is the first single from the Mexican Latin pop singer Thalía 's 2003 crossover studio album Thalía . The track features American rapper Fat Joe and is notable for its sample of Brenda Russell 's song `` A Little Bit Of Love '' . The song peaked at number twenty two in the U.S. charts . Both songs were written by Cory Rooney , Davy Deluge , Gregory Bruno , Fat Joe , Thalía , and Brenda Russell , and produced by Cory Rooney and Davy Deluge . It seems to sample some of Still Not a Player by Big Pun . This single is her first fully promoted in English language single . It opened new markets for Thalia , as Japan and Australia  .

neg: Anastacia discography The discography of Anastacia , an American singer-songwriter , consists of six studio albums , twenty two singles , twenty three music videos , and two DVDs .   She released her debut album , Not That Kind on June 13 , 2000 . The album reached the top ten in eight countries in Europe and Asia . It went four times platinum in Europe and triple platinum in Australia ; her debut single `` I 'm Outta Love '' was a global smash hit in 1999 topping the charts in Belgium , Australia and New Zealand , peaking at number two in France , Switzerland , Italy and Ireland as well as also reaching number six both in Germany . The second single `` Not That Kind '' reached number 11 in the UK and became a Top 10 hit in Italy . It also entered the Top 20 in Switzerland and France . `` Cowboys & Kisses '' was released as the third single off the album , charting in the top forty in some European countries . As the last promotional only single , `` Made for Lovin ' You '' charted in the UK at number twenty-seven and in France at number seventy-two .   Her second album Freak of Nature released in 2001 , achieved successful sales in the U.K. where it went triple platinum as well as being a hit throughout continental Europe , however unlike her debut it did not match the same level of international success . The first single released was `` Paid My Dues '' . The song became an overall hit , in 2001 , peaking in Denmark , Italy , Norway , and Switzerland , and reaching the top ten in several other mainland European countries . The second single , released in 2002 , `` One Day in Your Life '' , reached number eleven in the UK and the top ten in many European countries . The next single `` Why 'd You Lie to Me '' reached the top thirty in the UK . `` You 'll Never Be Alone '' , the fourth single , reached number twenty-eight on the Adult Contemporary chart in the U.S.   Anastacia quickly became her most successful album to date , giving her a third consecutive triple platinum album in the U.K. and reaching the top of national charts of Ireland , the Netherlands , Australia , Greece , Germany and other countries . Unlike her first two albums , which were released in her homeland of America , Anastacia was not , despite being scheduled for release on three occasions . The first single , released in March , was `` Left Outside Alone '' , which saw a change in direction for Anastacia . It was one of the biggest songs in Europe of 2004 , reaching number one Austria , Italy , Spain , Switzerland and number two in Denmark , Germany , Ireland , the Netherlands , Norway and number three in the United Kingdom and Hungary . Overall the song remained at No. 1 on the European Billboards for 15 weeks . The song also peaked in the Australian charts where it went on to become the countries ' second biggest selling single of 2004 . Anastacia released three further internationally successful singles ; `` Sick and Tired '' ( which gave her another number one in Spain and another UK top five single ) , `` Welcome to My Truth '' ( her best-selling hit in Spain ) , and the ballad `` Heavy on My Heart '' proceeds from the sale of which went towards her Anastacia Fund ( a charitable organization providing research funding for breast cancer ) .   On July 24 , Anastacia announced that her fourth studio album Heavy Rotation would be released October 27 , 2008 in Europe and Asia ( and elsewhere in 2009 ) . Her fourth studio album proved to be less successful than her previous ones ; her singles failed to reach the top 40 in her most commercially successful country ( UK ) . The album 's first single , called `` I Can Feel You '' , began playing in some radio markets on August 25 , 2008 . The second single from Heavy Rotation was `` Absolutely Positively '' , later served as a promotional single only . The third official single from the album had been confirmed as `` Defeated '' and was released as a promotional single only in Europe without a music video .   It 's a Man 's World , a collection of her covers by rock male artists was released on November 9 , 2012 . Anastacia confirmed via her Twitter account that she was currently writing songs for producers , John Fields and Steve Diamond and also , recording her sixth studio album which will return to her own chosen `` sprock '' sound . The album , entitled Resurrection , is to be released in May 2014 with the lead single `` Stupid Little Things '' was released on April 4 and was met with overwhelmingly positive reaction from music critics with MTV 's Brad Stern including it in the 5 Must-Hear Pop Songs of the Week ! stating that it was ` return to form ' from the ` pop princess and proof that Anastacia 's a true survivor ' , after her second battle with breast cancer .

neg: Diana Navarro Diana Navarro Ocaña ( Málaga , 21 April 1977 ) , better known as Diana Navarro , is a Spanish singer . She rose to fame in 2005 with the single `` Sola '' from her first album No te olvides de mí . She was nominated for a Latin Grammy as Best New Artist in 2005 . Her songs usually mix genres like copla and flamenco with different rhythms like Arabic or classical music .

neg: Dirty Harry (song) This article is about the song by Gorillaz . `` Dirty Harry '' is also the name of a song by Adam and the Ants .   `` Dirty Harry '' is a song from British alternative rock virtual band band Gorillaz ' second studio album Demon Days , released as the third single from the album on 21 November 2005 .

neg: Diamá discography Diamá 's ( Claudia D'Addio ) discography starts 2006 with an unofficial Single `` You ca n't stop me/Identit à '' , recorded when she was part of the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 entry for Switzerland Six4One . Both songs were never part of an album but became part of the Six4One album . The single was physically released in Switzerland only through Phonag . Digitally it was released worldwide by Chips Records ( Germany ) . At the time she was signed with Jupiter Records , record label of notorious German composer and producer Ralph Siegel . Due to different views about her career both sides did not dispose picking up the option for an album . Everything was resolved in collegial manners .   After this experience she and her songwriter and longtime friend Jiameé started working on new material , but Diamá felt not ready to start an own career and wanted to discover what kind of artist she is on her own . 2007 she collaborated on many projects with DJs and worked on improving her vocal skills . 2008 she started discovering the music set in her Italian roots . Infatuated by Mediterranean sounds and instruments , today 's heavy hip-hop beats or electronic elements and inspired by Italian divas such as Sophia Loren , Anna Magnani , Gina Lollobrigida or Giulietta Masina she started understanding what moves her as an artist . Her Italian hometown Caserta and her favorite city Naples both located in the Campania region of Italy furnished most of the inspiration for her debut album set to be released in 2014 . Powerful images of strong Italian women inspired the look of her first album . Two young and talented photographers based in Switzerland Shpend Salihu and Basil Stücheli translated her vision into art . The album has a sad undertone due to the fact that she lost her childhood friend in a tragic accident in 2009 . Her whole album is dedicated first of all to his memory .

neg: Perfidia `` Perfidia '' ( Spanish for `` perfidy '' , as in faithlessness , treachery or betrayal ) is a song written by Alberto Domínguez ( 1911 -- 1975 ) , a Mexican composer and arranger born in the state of Chiapas , about love and betrayal . Aside from the original Spanish , other renditions exist , including English and instrumental versions . The English lyrics are by Milton Leeds . The song was published in 1939 and became a hit for Xavier Cugat in 1940 . Desi Arnaz sings the Spanish version in the 1941 film Father takes a Wife which starred Gloria Swanson . This version was used by director Wong Kar-wai in his films Days of Being Wild , In the Mood for Love , and 2046 .   `` Perfidia '' has been recorded by many artists , including Laurel Aitken , John Altman , Dave Apollon , Andrea Bocelli , Wilbert Alonzo Cabrera , Ray Conniff , Café Tacuba , Chico Che , Nat King Cole , Xavier Cugat , Issac Delgado , Phyllis Dillon , Freddy Fender , Ibrahim Ferrer , Frank Galan , Irvys Juarez & Rhonda Rosales , Ben E. King , Dorothy Lamour , James Last , Julie London , Trini Lopez , Los Panchos , Los Rabanes , Los Tres Caballeros and Javier Solís ( in Spanish ) , Luis Miguel , Glenn Miller , Olivia Molina , Hugo Montenegro , Sara Montiel , Nana Mouskouri , Duke Pachanga , Charlie Parker , María Dolores Pradera ( in Spanish ) ,  Perez Prado , Bud Roman and the Toppers , Linda Ronstadt ( in Spanish and English ) , Alfredo Sadel , the Four Aces , the Shadows with and without Cliff Richard ,  the Ventures , Mel Tormé , René Touzet , King Tubby , Olavi Virta , Lawrence Welk , and many others .   An English arrangement of `` Perfidia '' was also the founding song of the Princeton Nassoons , Princeton University 's oldest a cappella group .

neg: Mozambique (song) `` Mozambique '' is a song written by Bob Dylan and Jacques Levy that was originally released on Dylan 's 1976 album Desire . It was also released as a single and reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 .   At the time of the song 's release , the titular country of Mozambique had just emerged from a ten-year insurgency war against Portugal which led to Mozambique 's independence . As a result , some left wing supporters wanted to see the song as lending support to the newly independent country . However , the lyrics of the song do n't support such an interpretation , being slight and treating the country as merely a place for a romantic getaway in the sun , apart from a fleeting reference to `` people living free '' . This angered some of Dylan 's fans . Music critic Paul Williams suggests that `` Mozambique '' may have had its genesis in Dylan 's desire to write a song about Marseilles .   The melody received more praise than the lyrics . Robert Shelton describes the tune as `` playful . '' Authors Oliver Trager and John Nogowski both describe the melody as `` great '' and particularly praise the violin playing of Scarlet Rivera .   Author Oliver Trager describes `` Mozambique '' as `` a light love song with lighter political overtones . '' Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine calls it `` effervescent '' and `` Dylan at his breeziest . '' Paul Williams considers `` Mozambique '' to be one of several songs on Desire with `` wonderful , inventive , pleasure-giving '' music which nonetheless fails to reach the intensity and unity of the other songs because the lyrics are `` a little too vague , too clever '' and `` too distanced . '' Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin considers the song to be a `` ditty dredged up from the bottom of the barrel , '' `` ghastly '' and `` the weakest song on Desire . ''   `` Mozambique '' was also released as a single as a follow up to the Top 40 hit `` Hurricane '' and it reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Heylin suggests that Dylan may have released it as a single over songs fans might have preferred -- particularly `` Sara '' -- to spite fans who criticized the song for its slight lyrics trivializing the conflict in Mozambique . The song also appeared on the compilation album Masterpieces . A live performance was included in the television special Hard Rain but not on the associated album .

neg: Dirty Dancer `` Dirty Dancer '' is a song by Spanish recording artist Enrique Iglesias and American recording artist Usher , recorded for Iglesias ' sixth studio album , Euphoria , and included on Usher 's EP Versus . A remix of the song , which features American rapper Lil Wayne and American singer Nayer , was released on 9 May 2011 by Universal Music Group as the sixth single from Euphoria . Written by the two singers with Evan Bogart , Erika Nuri and David Quiñones and producer RedOne , `` Dirty Dancer '' is a dance-pop song with rave music influences .   The album version of `` Dirty Dancer '' appeared on the UK Singles Chart , the Dutch Single Top 100 and the Slovakian Radio Top 100 Oficiálna , while the single version entered the Australian Singles Chart , the New Zealand Singles Chart and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 . An Ethan Lader-directed music video for `` Dirty Dancer '' has the three artists watching holographic dancers in nightclubs.The single has already been certified Gold in Australia and USA . The song was covered by the Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation as part of their weekly radio covers in promotion for their upcoming event , Elements and was included on their April 2013 cover album The Q-Music Sessions .

neg: Impossible Princess Impossible Princess ( retitled Kylie Minogue in the UK and Europe for a temporary period , following the death of Princess Diana ) is the sixth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue , released on 22 October 1997 , by Sony BMG and Deconstruction in Japan . Minogue had co-written all the songs on the album , with additional credits in production and composition ; the album was also assisted by Dave Ball , Ingo Vauk , Brothers in Rhythm , Manic Street Preachers and Rob Dougan , among others . Musically , the album was inspired by the techno and brit-pop revolution during the late 1990s , and incorporates musical elements of trip-hop , dance music , rock , and electronica . Lyrically , it focuses on Minogue 's relationships , self-discovery , and a variety of emotions .   Impossible Princess received a polarized response from music critics . American and Australian critics noted Minogue 's involvement in the production , whilst the sound and experimentation were commended . Conversely , British press criticized these points . Additionally , the records attracted controversy by the public , which was ambivalent towards Minogue 's sonic and visual development . Commercially , the album reached the top 10 in Australia , Scotland and the United Kingdom , but was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) for physical shipments of 70,000 units . The lack of commercial success prompted further tabloid exploitation of Minogue and the album , with formal comments added by the producers and management of Deconstruction .   Five singles were released off the album : `` Some Kind of Bliss '' , `` Did It Again '' , `` Breathe '' , and `` Cowboy Style '' , all of which experienced moderate success . The fifth single , `` Too Far '' , was distributed in the US and UK to promote the album . After a promotional tour in 1997 , Minogue went on her Intimate and Live tour in Australia and the UK the following year , which was a commercial and critical success . Since the album 's release , it has been recognized by publications as one of Minogue 's key `` re-inventions '' . In retrospect , Minogue labelled the Impossible Princess period as the lowest point of her career .

neg: Ruslana Ruslana Stepanivna Lyzhychko ( Руслана Степанівна Лижичко , Ruslana Lyžyčko ; born 24 May 1973 ) , known mononymously as Ruslana , is a World Music Award and Eurovision Song Contest winning artist , holding the title of People 's Artist of Ukraine . She is also a former MP serving as deputy in the Ukrainian parliament ( Verkhovna Rada ) for the Our Ukraine Party . Ruslana was the UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in Ukraine in 2004-2005 . She is recognized as the most successful Ukrainian female solo artist internationally and was included in the top 10 most influential women of 2013 by the Forbes magazine . The U.S. Secretary of State honored her with the International Women of Courage Award in March 2014 . She has been named an honorary citizen of her hometown L'viv and was nominated to receive the title Hero of Ukraine .   She is a singer , songwriter , producer , musical conductor , multi-instrumentalist , dancer , voice actress and social activist . She writes , composes and produces her own songs and music videos . Since 28 December 1995 she has been married to Oleksandr Ksenofontov , a Ukrainian record producer . Together they have run the company Luxen Studio since 1993 , producing radio and film trailers .   Ruslana was the first artist from the former Soviet Union to officially receive a platinum disc , her Dyki tantsi album selling more than 170,000 copies in the first 100 days after its release . This album is the best selling Ukrainian album to date , together with its English version , more than 500,000 copies being sold solely in Ukraine .   She won the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest with the song `` Wild Dances '' receiving 280 points , which at that time was a record of points . Following her victory , she rose to fame in Europe and became one of the biggest pop stars from the Eastern part of the continent . Her winning song `` Wild Dances '' dominated the European charts for 97 weeks peaking at number one in Belgium for 10 consecutive weeks . Her Eurovision winning song was included on the official compilation album called The Very Best of Eurovision celebrating the 60th anniversary of the contest .   Her repertoire includes songs performed mainly in Ukrainian and English , but she also recorded cover versions in Spanish and Latin languages .

neg: Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree is the debut studio album by English singer and songwriter Diana Vickers . Originally set for a November 2009 release , the album was postponed due to Vickers ' leading role in the West End play The Rise and Fall of Little Voice , and it was finally released on 3 May 2010 in the United Kingdom .   Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree debuted atop the UK Albums Chart , selling 35,951 copies in its first week of release . In August 2010 , the album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . `` Once '' was released on 19 April 2010 as the lead single from the album , peaking at number one on the UK Singles Chart .


query: The followers of Buddhism are known as Buddhists.

pos: Buddhism Buddhism ( -LSB- pronˈbʊdɪzəm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈbuːdɪzəm -RSB- ) is an Indian religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions , beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha . Buddhism originated in Ancient India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE , from where it spread through much of Asia , whereafter it declined in India during the middle ages . Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars : Theravada ( Pali : `` The School of the Elders '' ) and Mahayana ( Sanskrit : `` The Great Vehicle '' ) . Buddhism is the world 's fourth-largest religion , with over 500 million followers or 7 % of the global population , known as Buddhists .   Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation , the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures , and especially their respective practices . Practices of Buddhism include taking refuge in the Buddha , the Dharma and the Sangha , study of scriptures , observance of moral precepts , renunciation of craving and attachment , the practice of meditation ( including calm and insight ) , the cultivation of wisdom , loving-kindness and compassion , the Mahayana practice of bodhicitta and the Vajrayana practices of generation stage and completion stage .   In Theravada the ultimate goal is the cessation of the kleshas and the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana , achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path ( also known as the Middle Way ) , thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth . Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia .   Mahayana , which includes the traditions of Pure Land , Zen , Nichiren Buddhism , Shingon and Tiantai ( Tendai ) , is found throughout East Asia . Rather than Nirvana , Mahayana instead aspires to Buddhahood via the bodhisattva path , a state wherein one remains in the cycle of rebirth to help other beings reach awakening .   Vajrayana , a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas , may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana . Tibetan Buddhism , which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India , is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas , Mongolia and Kalmykia . Tibetan Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood or rainbow body .

neg: Sautrāntika The Sautrāntika were an early Buddhist school generally believed to be descended from the Sthavira nikāya by way of their immediate parent school , the Sarvāstivādins . Their name means literally `` those who rely upon the sutras '' , and indicated their rejection of the Abhidharma texts of other early Buddhist schools .

neg: Bhava The Sanskrit word `` bhāva '' means `` emotion , sentiment , state of body or mind , disposition '' , while `` bhava '' means `` being , worldly existence , becoming , birth , be , production , origin '' . The former term is rooted in latter , and in some context also means `` becoming , being , existing , occurring , appearance '' while connoting the condition thereof .   In Buddhism , bhava denotes the continuity of becoming ( reincarnating ) in one of the realms of existence , in the samsaric context of rebirth , life and the maturation arising therefrom . It is the tenth of the Twelve Nidanas , in its Pratītyasamutpāda doctrine .

neg: Nikaya Buddhism The term Nikāya Buddhism was coined by Dr. Masatoshi Nagatomi , as a non-derogatory substitute for Hinayana , meaning the early Buddhist schools . Examples of these groups are pre-sectarian Buddhism and the early Buddhist schools . Some scholars exclude pre-sectarian Buddhism when using the term . The term Theravada refers to Buddhist practices based on these early teachings , as preserved in the Pali Canon .

neg: Dhyāna in Buddhism Dhyāna ( Sanskrit ) or Jhāna ( Pali ) , commonly translated as meditation , is a state of no mind . It is used in Buddhism , Hinduism and Jainism . In Buddhism , it is a series of cultivated states of mind , which lead to `` state of perfect equanimity and awareness ( upekkhii-sati-piirisuddhl ) . ''   Dhyana may have been the core practice of pre-sectarian Buddhism , but became appended with other forms of meditation throughout its development .

neg: Theravada Theravāda ( Pali , literally `` school of the elder monks '' ) is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha 's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core . The Pali canon is the only complete Buddhist canon which survives in a classical Indic Language , Pali , which serves as the sacred language and lingua franca of Theravada Buddhism . Another feature of Theravada is that it tends to be very conservative about matters of doctrine and monastic discipline . As a distinct sect , Theravada Buddhism developed in Sri Lanka and spread to the rest of Southeast Asia .   Theravada also includes a rich diversity of traditions and practices that have developed over its long history of interactions with varying cultures and religious communities . It is the dominant form of religion in Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar , Sri Lanka , and Thailand , and is practiced by minority groups in Bangladesh , China , Nepal , and Vietnam . In addition , the diaspora of all of these groups as well as converts around the world practice Theravāda Buddhism . Contemporary expressions include Buddhist modernism , the Vipassana movement and the Thai Forest Tradition .

neg: Lineage (Buddhism) A lineage in Buddhism is a line of transmission of the Buddhist teaching that is `` theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself . '' The acknowledgement of the transmission can be oral , or certified in documents . Several branches of Buddhism , including Chan ( including Zen and Seon ) and Tibetan Buddhism maintain records of their historical teachers . These records serve as a validation for the living exponents of the tradition .   The historical authenticity of Buddhist lineage is questionable . Stephen Batchelor has claimed , speaking about specifically Japanese Zen lineage , `` the historicity of this `` lineage '' simply does not withstand critical scrutiny . '' Erik Storlie has noted that transmission `` is simply false on historical grounds . '' Edward Conze said `` much of the traditions about the early history of Chan are the inventions of a later age . ''

neg: Dhammakaya Dhammakāya is a Pāli term which means `` body of dharma '' , `` body of truth '' or the `` body of enlightenment '' . It can refer to :   Dhammakāya , in Theravāda Buddhism , a figurative term meaning the sum of the Buddha 's teachings  Dhammakaya Movement , Thai Buddhist tradition , mostly known through Wat Phra Dhammakaya  Dhammakaya Movement UK , specific lineage of Thai Buddhism in Britain  Dhammakaya meditation , a Buddhist meditation technique  Dhammakaya Media Channel , Buddhist television channel owned by Wat Phra Dhammakaya   th : ธรรมกาย

neg: Nekkhamma Nekkhamma ( Sanskrit : नैष्काम्य ) is a Pali word generally translated as `` renunciation '' or `` the pleasure of renunciation '' while also conveying more specifically `` giving up the world and leading a holy life '' or `` freedom from lust , craving and desires . '' In Buddhism 's Noble Eightfold Path , nekkhamma is the first practice associated with `` Right Intention . '' In the Theravada list of ten perfections , nekkhamma is the third practice of `` perfection . '' It involves non-attachment ( detachment ) .

neg: Vajracharya A bajracharya or vajracharya ( lit . `` vajra carrier '' ) is a Vajrayana Buddhist priest among the Newar communities of Nepal and a Revered Teacher who is highly attained in Vajrayana practices and rituals . Vajracharya means `` vajra carrier '' . They are also commonly called guru-ju or gu-bhaju ( a short form for guru bhaju ) which are Nepali terms related to the Sanskrit term guru , and translate as `` teacher '' or `` priest '' . The bajracharya is the highest ranking of the Newar castes that are born Buddhist .   The emergence of vajracharya institution is ascribed to the decline of celibate Buddhist monks in about 13th century , and the emergence of Vajrayana .   To become a professional Guruju , a person of the bajracharya caste must go through a number of rituals . The bajracharya boy goes through a ritualistic process of initiation known as bajravishekha , including shaving off the head as the buddha and asking for alms , at a minimum of seven houses a day in different places , in the tradition of monks since the time of Gautama Buddha . Sometimes tantric Newar Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism is referred to as `` Vajracharya Buddhism '' .   The writers of Rebuilding Buddhism : The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-century Nepal explore the unusual relationship of the vajracharyas and their assistant shakyas with Buddhist monasticism :  Unlike Vajracharyas , Shakya men may not be priests for others , but together with Vajracharya men they are the members of the traditional Newar Buddhist monasteries , known honorifically as vihara and colloquially as baha or bahi . In so far as Shakya and Vajracharya men filled their roles in the monastery , they were monks . In effect , they were married , part-time monks .   Many of the modern Buddhist scholars in Nepal belong to the vajracharya tradition .

neg: Śrāvakayāna Śrāvakayāna is one of the three yānas known to Indian Buddhism . It translates literally as the `` vehicle of listeners -LSB- i.e. disciples -RSB- '' . Historically it was the most common term used by Mahāyāna Buddhist texts to describe one hypothetical path to enlightenment . Śrāvakayāna is the path that meets the goals of an Arhat -- an individual who achieves liberation as a result of listening to the teachings ( or lineage ) of a Samyaksaṃbuddha .

neg: Khenpo Sodargye Khenpo Sodargye ( Tibetan ： མཁན པ བས ད དར ར ས ； Chinese : 索达吉堪布 ) was born in the eastern region of Tibet known as Kham in 1962 , and was ordained in 1985 at the renowned Larung Buddhist Institute , the largest Buddhist academy of its kind in the world. , also in present-day Sichuan province of the PRC . He trained closely with Khenchen Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche , who was himself one of the great luminaries of his generation .   Khenpo Sodargye studied the traditional course of philosophical treatises and also received the entire corpus of Tibetan esoteric Buddhist transmissions . ( These teachings include the five principle treatises on Madhyamaka , Prajnaparamita , Abhidharma , Vinaya , and Buddhist Logic , as well as the Great Perfection , Kalachakra , and Mipham Rinpoche 's Guhyagarbha Tantra and Longchenpa 's Seven Treasuries and Trilogy of Finding Comfort and Ease . ) He was eventually placed in charge of the Institute where he became one of the principal teachers . He also served as Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche 's main translator for Chinese disciples and was assigned by Rinpoche to teach them .   Khenpo Sodargye has become one of the most eminent contemporary Buddhist masters . As a Tibetan lama , a Buddhist scholar and teacher , a prolific translator into Chinese , and a modern Buddhist thinker , he is renowned across Asia and the west for his interest in the integration of traditional Buddhist teachings with global issues and modern life .   He has lectured extensively across China and other parts of Asia , Oceania , Europe as well as Africa and North America . He has recently given lectures at a number of prestigious Universities including Peking University , Tsinghua , Harvard , Columbia , Yale  , Princeton , Stanford , Oxford , Cambridge , University of Toronto , McGill University , University of Auckland , Melbourne University , University of Tokyo , Waseda University , National University of Singapore , National Taiwan University , University of Hong Kong and University of Göttingen .   Khenpo often says , `` I do n't know how long I can live , but even if there were only one listener , I would exert myself to benefit him with Dharma till my last breath . ''   Recent Publications : Living through Suffering , To Do Is to Gain , Cruelty Is Youth , The Cutter-A Commentary on the Diamond Sutra , Always Present ( available in English ) , Everything You Wish , What Makes You So Busy ? , Letting Go , Everything ? , Leaving behind , the Whole World ?

neg: Dhamma Practitioner A Dhamma Practitioner is a name that is used to describe those who practice the teachings of the Buddha . It is used as an alternative to the widely used but vaguely defined term Buddhist . Dhamma practitioner is seen by many as a more accurate description for those who practice the Buddha 's teachings , and more fitting with classification schemes given in the Pali Canon . In contrast , the terms Buddhist and Buddhism are relatively recent inventions that some see as a Westernized framing of the teachings of the Buddha in terms fitting for religions such as Christianity , and not words that have an equivalent in the teachings of the Buddha . In the earliest sources , the Buddha himself referred to his teaching as the `` Dhamma and Discipline proclaimed by the Tathagata '' . Due to these reasons and the fact that the Buddha 's teachings are strongly rooted in practical application , the term Dhamma Practitioner has been used by many teachers as a description of those on the Buddha 's path .

neg: Sixteen Arhats The Sixteen Arhats ( Japanese : 十六羅漢 , Juroku Rakan ; Tibetan : གནས བར ན བཅ ད ག , `` Neten Chudrug '' ) are a group of legendary Arhats in Buddhism . The grouping of sixteen Arhats was brought to China , and later to Tibet , from India . In China , an expanded group of Eighteen Arhats became more popular , but worship of the sixteen Arhats continues to the present day in Japan and Tibet . In Japan sixteen Arhats are particularly popular in Zen Buddhism , where they are treated as examples of behaviour . In Tibet , the sixteen Arhats , also known as sixteen sthaviras ( ` elders ' ) are the subject of a liturgical practice associated with the festival of the Buddha 's birth , composed by the Kashmiri teacher Shakyahribhadra ( 1127-1225 ) . They are also well represented in Tibetan art .   The sixteen Arhats are :

neg: List of converts to Buddhism The following people are all converts to Buddhism , sorted alphabetically by family name .

neg: Three Vajras The Three Vajras , namely `` body , speech and mind '' , are a formulation within Vajrayana Buddhism and Bon that hold the full experience of the śūnyatā `` emptiness '' of Buddha-nature , void of all qualities and marks and establish a sound experiential key upon the continuum of the path to enlightenment . The Three Vajras correspond to the trikaya and therefore also have correspondences to the Three Roots and other refuge formulas of Tibetan Buddhism . The Three Vajras are viewed in twilight language as a form of the Three Jewels , which imply purity of action , speech and thought .   The Three Vajras are often mentioned in Vajrayana discourse , particularly in relation to samaya , the vows undertaken between a practitioner and their guru during empowerment . The term is also used during Anuttarayoga Tantra practice .   In Tendai and Shingon Buddhism of Japan , they are known as the .

neg: Buddhism and Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India during the so-called `` second urbanisation '' around 500 BCE . They have shared parallel beliefs that have existed side by side , but also pronounced differences .   Buddhism attained prominence in the Indian subcontinent as it was supported by royal courts , but started to decline after the Gupta era , and virtually disappeared from India in the 11th century CE , except in some pockets of India . It has continued to exist outside of India and is the major religion in several Asian countries .

neg: Buddhist calendar The Buddhist calendar ( Sāsanā Sakaraj သ သန တ သက ရ ဇ , -LSB- θàðənà θɛʔkəɹɪʔ -RSB- ព ទ ធសករ ជ Sinhala : බ ද ධ වර ෂ or ස සන වර ෂ ( Buddha Varsha or Sāsana Varsha ) ) is a set of lunisolar calendars primarily used in mainland Southeast Asian countries of Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar and Thailand as well as in Sri Lanka for religious or official occasions . While the calendars share a common lineage , they also have minor but important variations such as intercalation schedules , month names and numbering , use of cycles , etc. . In Thailand , the name Buddhist Era is a year numbering system shared by the traditional Thai lunisolar calendar and by the Thai solar calendar .   The Southeast Asian lunisolar calendars are largely based on an older version of the Hindu calendar , which uses the sidereal year as the solar year . One major difference is that the Southeast Asian systems , unlike their Indian cousins , do not use apparent reckoning to stay in sync with the sidereal year . Instead , they employ their versions of the Metonic cycle . However , since the Metonic cycle is not very accurate for sidereal years , the Southeast Asian calendar is slowly drifting out of sync with the sidereal , approximately one day every 100 years . Yet no coordinated structural reforms of the lunisolar calendar have been undertaken .   Today , the traditional Buddhist lunisolar calendar is used mainly for Theravada Buddhist ထရဝ ဒဗ ဒၶဘ သ festivals , and no longer has the official calendar status anywhere . The Thai Buddhist Era , a renumbered Gregorian calendar , is the official calendar in Thailand .

neg: Vajrasattva Vajrasattva ( Sanskrit : वज्रसत्त्व , Tibetan : ར ར ས མས དཔའ Dorje Sempa , short form is ར ར ས མས Dorsem , Монгол : Доржсэмбэ ) is a bodhisattva in the Mahayana , Mantrayana/Vajrayana Buddhist traditions . In the Japanese Vajrayana school of Buddhism , Shingon , Vajrasattva is the esoteric aspect of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra and is commonly associated with the student practitioner who through the master 's teachings , attains an ever-enriching subtle and rarefied grounding in their esoteric practice . In Tibetan Buddhism Vajrasattva is associated with the sambhogakāya and purification practice .   Vajrasattva appears principally in two Buddhists texts : the Mahavairocana Sutra and the Vajrasekhara Sutra . In the Diamond Realm Mandala , Vajrasattva sits to the East near Akshobhya Buddha .   In some esoteric lineages , Nagarjuna was said to have met Vajrasattva in an iron tower in South India , and was taught tantra , thus transmitting the esoteric teachings to more historical figures .   Mantra = । ॐ वज्रसत्त्व हूं ॥  oṁ vajrasattva hūṁ

neg: History of the Thai Forest Tradition The Kammatthana meditation tradition originally grew out of the Dhammayut reform movement , founded by Mongkut in the 1820s as an attempt to raise the bar for what was perceived as the `` lax '' Buddhist practice of the regional Buddhist traditions at the time . Mongkut 's reforms were originally focused on scriptural study of the earliest extant Buddhist texts , revival of the dhutanga ascetic practices , and close adherence to the Buddhist Monastic Code ( Pali : vinaya ) . However , the Dhammayut began to have an increasing emphasis on meditation as the 19th century progressed . During this time , a newly ordained Ajahn Mun Bhuridatto went to stay with Ajahn Sao Kantasilo , who was then the abbot of a small meditation-oriented monastery on the outskirts of Ubon Ratchathani , a province in the predominantly Lao-speaking cultural region of Northeast Thailand known as Isan .   Ajahn Mun learned from Ajahn Sao in the late 19th century , where he studied amidst the growing meditation culture in Isan 's Dhammayut monasteries as a result of Mongkut 's reforms a half-century earlier . Wandering the rural frontier of Northeast Thailand with Ajahn Sao in rigorous ascetic practices ( Pali : dhutanga ; Thai : tudong ) . Ajahn Mun traveled abroad to neighboring regions for a time , hoping to reach levels of meditative adeptness known as the noble attainments ( Pali : ariya-phala ) , which culminate in the experience of Nirvana -- the final goal of a Theravada Buddhist practitioner .   After more than two decades of intense meditation and ascetic practice , Ajahn Mun would return to Ubon Ratchathani in 1915 , claiming to have found the noble attainments . Word spread in the region , and monks came to study from Ajahn Mun , wishing to put his claims to the test ; though the assertions that he had found the noble attainments were not universally received at the time -- families were often divided over whether or not Ajahn Mun had attained sainthood .   During this period , Mongkut 's successor Chulalongkorn ( Rama V of Siam ) had consolidated power in Bangkok , and implemented a wave of educational reforms which emphasized the role of the Thai clergy as educators . Dhammayut monks -- which included Ajahn Mun and Ajahn Sao and their students -- were drafted to teach a new monastic curriculum that had been infused with Western principles in an effort to prevent the encroachment of Christian missionaries , and to prevent Thailand from being colonized by a Western empire . Thailand would successfully prevent colonization ; however , Ajahn Mun and Sao 's students would continue to evade authorities ' attempts to assign them to monasteries and prevent them from practicing in the forest .   Beginning in the 1950s though , the tradition would gain respect among the urbanities in Bangkok , and receive widespread acceptance among the Thai Sangha . Many of the Ajahns were nationally venerated by Thai Buddhists , who regarded them as arahants . Because of their reputations , the Ajahns have become the subject of a cultural fixation on sacralized objects believed among lay followers to offer supernatural protection . This cultural fixation was referred to by social anthropologist Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah as a cult of amulets , which he described during a field study in the 1970s as `` a traditional preoccupation now reaching the pitch of fetishistic obsession '' . During this time , the tradition found a significant following in the West ; particularly among the students of Ajahn Chah Subhatto , a forest teacher who studied with a group of monks in the Mahanikai -- the other of Thailand 's two monastic orders alongside the Dhammayut -- many of whom remained loyal to their Mahanikai pedigree in spite of their interest in Ajahn Mun 's teachings . However , in the final decades of the 20th century the tradition experienced a crisis when the majority of Thailand 's rainforests were clear cut . Because of this , the Forest Tradition in early 21st century Thailand has been characterized by a struggle to preserve the remaining forested lands in Thailand for Buddhist practice .

neg: Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression : we crave and cling to impermanent states and things , which are dukkha , `` incapable of satisfying '' and painful . This craving keeps us caught in samsara , the endless cycle of repeated rebirth and dying again , and the dukkha that comes with it . There is , however , a way to end this cycle , namely by attaining nirvana , cessation of craving , whereafter rebirth and associated dukkha will no longer arise again . This can be accomplished by following the eightfold path , restraining oneself , cultivating discipline , and practicing mindfulness and meditation .   In short form , the four truths are dukkha , samudaya ( `` arising , '' `` coming together '' ) , nirodha ( `` cessation , '' `` confinement '' ) , and magga , the path leading to cessation . As the `` Four Noble Truths '' ( Sanskrit : catvāri āryasatyāni ; Pali : cattāri ariyasaccāni ) , they are `` the truths of the Noble Ones , '' the truths or realities which are understood by the `` worthy ones `` Encyclopædia Britannica , Arhat ( Buddhism ) who have attained nirvana .   In the sutras , Buddhist religious texts , the four truths have both a symbolic and a propositional function . They represent the awakening and liberation of the Buddha , but also the possibility of liberation for all sentient beings , describing how release from craving is to be reached . In the Pali canon scriptures , the four truths appear in a `` network of teachings , '' as part of `` the entire dhamma matrix , '' which have to be taken together . They provide a conceptual framework for introducing and explaining Buddhist thought , which has to be personally understood or `` experienced '' .   The function of the four truths , and their importance , developed over time , when prajna , or `` liberating insight , '' came to be regarded as liberating in itself , instead of or in addition to the practice of dhyana , meditation . This `` liberating insight '' gained a prominent place in the sutras , and the four truths came to represent this liberating insight , as part of the enlightenment story of the Buddha .   The four truths became of central importance in the Theravada tradition of Buddhism , which holds to the idea that insight into the four truths is liberating in itself . They are less prominent in the Mahayana tradition , which sees the higher aims of insight into sunyata , emptiness , and following the Bodhisattva path as central elements in their teachings and practice . The Mahayana tradition reinterpreted the four truths to explain how a liberated being can still be `` pervasively operative in this world . '' Beginning with the exploration of Buddhism by western colonialists in the 19th century and the development of Buddhist modernism , they came to be often presented in the west as the central teaching of Buddhism .


query: New York has a significant impact on the economy.

pos: New York City The City of New York , often called New York City or simply New York , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 sqmi , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . A global power city , New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world .   Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of New York State . The five boroughs -- Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island -- were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States , and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the world 's largest foreign-born population of any city . By 2016 estimates , the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States , as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) , 20.2 million residents , and the Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , 23.7 million residents . In 2013 , the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of nearly US$ 1.39 trillion . In 2012 , the CSA generated a GMP of over US$ 1.55 trillion . NYC 's MSA and CSA GDP are higher than the GDPs of all but 11 and 12 countries , respectively .   New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626 . The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother , the Duke of York . New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790 . It has been the country 's largest city since 1790 . The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability .   Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known , and the city received a record of nearly 60 million tourists in 2015 , hosting three of the world 's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013 . Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world . Times Square , iconic as the world 's `` heart '' and its `` Crossroads '' , is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District , one of the world 's busiest pedestrian intersections , and a major center of the world 's entertainment industry . The names of many of the city 's bridges , tapered skyscrapers , and parks are known around the world . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan , New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world , and the city is home to the world 's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization , the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ . Manhattan 's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world . Manhattan 's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere , with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city . Providing continuous 24/7 service , the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide , with stations in operation . Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City , including Columbia University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .

neg: Newspapers in the United States Newspapers in the United States have been published since the 18th century and are an integral part of the culture of the United States . Although a few newspapers including the New York Times , USA Today , and the Wall Street Journal are sold throughout the United States , most U.S. newspapers are published for city or regional markets . The New York Times is often referred to as the United States ' `` newspaper of record '' .

neg: New York (typeface) New York is a transitional serif typeface designed in 1983 for the Macintosh computer by Susan Kare , and re-worked in 1988 by Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes . The typeface was the standard bitmap serif font for the early Macintosh operating systems . Originally titled `` Ardmore '' , it was renamed to New York before its initial release as part of the `` World Class Cities '' naming scheme by Apple Computer cofounder Steve Jobs .   Designed as a bitmap face , New York was later released in TrueType format , though the design differed from the bitmap version .

neg: Law enforcement in New York City Law enforcement in New York City is carried out by numerous law enforcement agencies . New York City has the highest concentration of law enforcement agencies in the United States .   As with the rest of the US , agencies operate at federal and state levels . However , New York City 's unique nature means many more operate at lower levels .

neg: New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies .   This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % .   The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .

neg: New York Rugby Club The New York Rugby Club is a rugby union club in New York . It is the oldest rugby club in the United States , and fields Division I Men 's and Women 's teams , U-19 Boy 's and U-19 Girls teams , two old boy teams , one of which belongs to the non-competitive `` Golden Oldies '' . The NYRC was founded to continue a rugby tradition that dates back to the formation of the NYRFC in 1929 .   The original club was formed in 1929 as the New York Nomads . They subsequently began competing as the New York Rugby Football Club ( New York RFC ) . The New York RFC played a principal role in the development of the Eastern Rugby Union . It was the only team in the United States to be accepted for membership in the Rugby Union for the 1932-33 international directory and in 1933 , hosted the Cambridge University Vandals , the first European club to tour the United States .   The New York RFC continued to compete successfully until the beginning of World War II . It disbanded during the War and resumed activities afterward .   In 1957 , the New York RFC created the New York Rugby Football Club , Inc. ( `` NYRFC '' ) under the Membership Corporations Law of New York State .   In 1959 , the NYRFC organized its first seven-a-side rugby tournament . Since then `` New York Sevens '' has been conducted annually on the first Saturday following the Thanksgiving Holiday and grown into the largest international sevens tournament in the United States .   During the 1960s and 1970s the NYRFC was a dominant force in the Eastern United States.In 1977 , The NYRFC made a Winter-tour contest of matches in the Caribbean and Florida . NYRFC played the Freeport , Bahamas team and the team from Nassau , Bahamas . The Winter tour ended with the NYRFC playing very good Miami RFC team . In 1982 , the NYRFC merged with Eastside RFC ( formerly Hunter College RFC ) . The NYRFC was the first United States team to be invited to compete in Scandinavia , touring Denmark in 1986 . The team competed in Mexico in 1986 , Japan , Thailand , Italy and Philippines in 1989 , Bahamas in 1991 , Argentina and Brazil in 1992 , England , Ireland and Wales in 1994 and Spain in 1997 .   In 1997 , the NYRFC voted to field a women 's team and offered playing membership to former players of the Gotham Women 's Rugby Club .   The New York Rugby Club competes as part of the Empire Geographic Union , and USA Rugby . The NYRC Women won the USA Rugby Women 's Div I National Championship in 2006 .

neg: Ogdensburg, New York Ogdensburg is a city in St. Lawrence County , New York , United States . The population was 11,128 at the 2010 census . In the late 18th century , European-American settlers named the community after American land owner and developer Samuel Ogden . The city is commonly referred to as `` Burg Grind '' by many of its citizens ( Nolan Rufa , The Epitome of Ogdensburg , July 15th , 2016 ) .   The City of Ogdensburg is at the northern border of New York at the mouth of the Oswegatchie River on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River . The only formally designated city in Saint Lawrence County , it is located between Massena , New York to the east and Brockville , Ontario to the west .   The Port of Ogdensburg is the only U.S. port on the St. Lawrence Seaway . Ogdensburg International Airport is located south of the city . The Ogdensburg -- Prescott International Bridge , northeast of the city , links the United States and Canada , with a direct highway from Prescott to Ottawa , the capital of Canada .

neg: United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President .   New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate .   Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % .   New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election .   New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % .   This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County .   A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State .   In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead .   This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .

neg: Dutch Americans Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from The Netherlands in the recent or distant past . Whether intentional or not , they usually maintain connections with their Dutch heritage , by having , for example , a Dutch surname or belonging to a Dutch community group . Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam , which was exchanged with the British for the current Suriname at the treaty of Breda ( 1667 ) and renamed New York City . The British split the Dutch colony of New Netherlands into two pieces , and named them New York and New Jersey . Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries .   According to the 2013 American Community Survey , an estimated 4.5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage . Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan , California , Montana , Minnesota , New York , Wisconsin , Idaho , Utah , Iowa , Ohio , West Virginia , and Pennsylvania .

neg: East Harlem East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan , New York City roughly encompassing the area north of the Upper East Side and East 96th Street up to about the 140s , east of Fifth Avenue to the East and Harlem Rivers . It lies within Manhattan Community District 11 . Despite its name , it is generally not considered to be a part of Harlem .   The neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Latino communities in New York City , mostly made up of Puerto Ricans , as well as sizeable numbers of Dominican , Cuban and Mexican immigrants . It includes the area formerly known as Italian Harlem , in which the remnants of a once predominantly Italian community remain . The Chinese population has increased dramatically in East Harlem since 2000 .   East Harlem has historically suffered from many social issues , such as the highest jobless rate in New York City , teenage pregnancy , AIDS , drug abuse , homelessness , and an asthma rate five times the national average . It has the second highest concentration of public housing in the United States , closely following Brownsville , Brooklyn . Police services to the neighborhood are divided between the 23rd and the 25th Precincts . Conversely , East Harlem is notable for its contributions to Latin freestyle and salsa music .   However , East Harlem is now undergoing some gentrification . In February 2016 , East Harlem was one of four neighborhoods featured in an article in The New York Times about `` New York 's Next Hot Neighborhoods '' . Beginning in 2016 , the New York City government was seeking to rezone East Harlem `` to facilitate new residential , commercial , community facility , and manufacturing development . ''

neg: Athletics in upstate New York Upstate New York is a storied region in North American athletics .

neg: The New World (newspaper) The New World was a weekly newspaper in New York City , New York , in the United States.The New World was published from October 1839 to 1845 by J. Winchester . The paper was founded and edited by Park Benjamin Sr. . It billed itself as an apolitical `` family newspaper '' , featuring British and American literature and religious discourses . The paper 's masthead reads : `` No pent-up Utica contracts our powers ; The whole unbounded Continent is ours ! , '' a quote originally attributed to Jonathan M. Sewall from his epilogue to Cato , a Tragedy in 1778 .   Notable contributions include :  Charles Dickens ' Barnaby Rudge , reprinted in 1841 in weekly installments after its original appearance in Master Humphrey 's Clock .  Thomas Carlyle 's six-part lecture series On Heroes , Hero-Worship , and The Heroic in History , printed in 1841 .  Thomas Moore 's `` Fifteen Songs , '' a collection of unpublished songs published in 1841 , which were later released in The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore .  Anna Cora Mowatt 's complete play , Gulzara or The Persian Slave : 1 drama in Five Acts , in 1841 .  E.P. Hurlbut 's `` The Rights of Woman , '' later published in his work , Essays on Human Rights and their Political Gauranties in 1845 . Hurlbut knew Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 follows many of the examples set forth in `` The Rights of Woman . ''  G.P.R. James ' complete novels , The Jacquerie and Morley Ernstein ; or , The Tenants of the Heart , both published in extra editions in 1842 .  Sarah Stickney Ellis ' complete novel , Summer and Winter in the Pyrenees .

neg: Transportation in New Jersey Transportation in New Jersey utilizes a combination of road , rail , air , and water modes . New Jersey is situated between Philadelphia and New York City , two major metropolitan centers of the Boston-Washington megalopolis , making it a regional corridor for transportation . As a result , New Jersey 's freeways carry high volumes of interstate traffic and products . The main thoroughfare for long distance travel is the New Jersey Turnpike , the nation 's fifth-busiest toll road . The Garden State Parkway connects the state 's densely populated north to its southern shore region . New Jersey has the 4th smallest area of U.S. states , but its population density of 1,196 persons per sq. mi ( 462 persons per km2 ) causes congestion to be a major issue for motorists .   New Jersey has a statewide mass transit system , centered on transportation to New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey Transit , the chief operator of intrastate public transportation , manages three separate light rail systems , eleven commuter rail lines , and a statewide bus system . The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH ) links transportation hubs in Manhattan and northeastern New Jersey , while the PATCO Speedline connects downtown Philadelphia to Camden County , New Jersey . Intercity rail is operated by Amtrak along the Northeast Corridor between the major population centers of the Northeastern United States . In addition , New Jersey is home to Newark Liberty International Airport , the nation 's fifth-busiest international gateway , and the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , the principal container ship facility of the New York metropolitan area .

neg: Peekskill Downtown Historic District The Peekskill Downtown Historic District is a historic district located in the downtown section of Peekskill in the U.S. state of New York . It includes the 40 acre along Main , Division , South , Park , Bank , Brown , First and Esther streets , and Central and Union avenues , near where those streets intersect . There are 150 buildings and one object counted among its contributing resources .   Peekskill , originally a settlement along the shore of the Hudson River where farmers from inland Westchester County brought produce for transshipment to markets in New York City and elsewhere , began to grow inland in the early 19th century due to the intersection of two major roads that roughly corresponds to today 's Central and Division streets . The Albany Post Road , followed later by US 9 until its relocation to the Croton Expressway closer to the river , and the Danbury Turnpike , still followed by US 202 ( and , in the western part of the city and district , US 6 and NY 35 ) . Two houses in the district , in a typical Hudson Valley vernacular style , remain from this era .   Industrialization began changing downtown after 1830 , with brick buildings supporting that use replacing older wooden ones along Magregere 's Creek . Many of the district 's churches were built by the mid-19th century . Fashionable houses , later known as `` Doctor 's Row '' , were built on Main Street . In the 1880s the Moorish Revival tower was built on a structure in the center of town that has remained a landmark for passing travelers ever since . Other late Victorian styles made their mark as well .   In the 20th century , some more buildings were added in more modern contemporary styles , and the increasing use of the automobile affected downtown as well . The decline of retail shopping in the district led to urban renewal efforts in the 1960s and 70s . While some historic buildings were razed , the major urban renewal projects coincided with the eastern boundary of the downtown core , sparing most of it . The district was recognized and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 as a rare example of intact 19th-century Hudson Valley downtown architecture .

neg: NYC Health + Hospitals NYC Health + Hospitals , officially the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation ( HHC ) , operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City . A public benefit corporation with $ 6.7 billion in annual revenues , HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients , including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents , providing services interpreted in more than 190 languages . HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation ( Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969 ) . It is similar to a municipal agency , but has a Board of Directors . It operates 11 acute care hospitals , five nursing homes , six diagnostic and treatment centers , and more than 70 community-based primary care sites , serving primarily the poor and working class . HHC 's own MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area 's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half a million New Yorkers .   Each year HHC 's facilities provide about 225,000 inpatient admissions , one million emergency room visits and five million clinic visits to New Yorkers . HHC facilities treat nearly one-fifth of all general hospital discharges and more than one third of emergency room and hospital-based clinic visits in New York City .   The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital , the oldest public hospital in the United States . Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City . The president of HHC is Stanley Brezenoff .   The organization underwent a rebranding initiative in November 2015 , shortening its name from 40 characters to 19 characters , as `` NYC Health + Hospitals '' .

neg: Courts of New York Courts of New York include :  State courts of New York   New York Court of Appeals  New York Supreme Court , Appellate Division ( 4 departments )  New York Supreme Court ( 13 judicial districts )  New York County Court ( 57 courts , one for each county outside New York City )  New York Surrogate 's Court  New York Family Court  New York Court of Claims  New York city courts  New York City Criminal Court  New York City Civil Court  New York town and village courts   Federal courts located in New York  United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ( headquartered in Manhattan , having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Connecticut , New York , and Vermont )  United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  United States District Court for the Northern District of New York  United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  United States District Court for the Western District of New York  United States Court of International Trade ( headquartered in New York City )   Former federal courts of New York  United States District Court for the District of New York ( extinct , subdivided )

neg: New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol , the seat of New York State government , is located in Albany , the capital city of the U.S. state of New York . The capitol building is part of the Empire State Plaza complex on State Street in Capitol Park . Housing the New York State Legislature , the building was completed in 1899 at a cost of US$ 25 million ( equivalent to $ million in ) , making it the most expensive government building of its time . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 , then included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was listed in 1978 . The New York State Capitol was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1979 .

neg: New York Guard The New York Guard '' ' is the state defense force of New York State , also called The New York State Military Reserve . , the New York Guard , a recognized command under the New York State 's Military law , has line-item funding in the state budget .   Now with a unified command structure , formerly the organization contained an Army Division and an Air Division . The missions of the New York Guard include augmentation , assistance , and support of the New York Army National Guard and New York Air National Guard respectively and aide to civil authorities in New York State . New York also has a New York Naval Militia which , with the State Guard and the Army and Air National Guards , is under the command of the Governor of New York , the Adjutant General of New York , and the Division of Military and Naval Affairs ( DMNA ) .   The New York Guard is one of the largest and best organized State Guards in the United States . It is historically derived from Revolutionary and Civil War era state military units that were reorganized several times in American history in response to various international and domestic crises .   Organized under the Military Law , State of New York , the New York Guard can not be federalized and can not be deployed outside New York State without the consent of the governor .   Members of the New York Guard are entitled to many of the benefits accorded members of other components of the ` Organized Militia of the State of New York , ' the legal collective term describing the New York Army and Air National Guards , New York Naval Militia and New York Guard . These include ` military leave ' for employees of state or local governments and many private employers .

neg: New York City mayoral elections The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year . The city , which elects the mayor as its chief executive , consists of the five boroughs ( Manhattan , The Bronx , Brooklyn , Queens and Staten Island ) , which consolidated to form `` Greater '' New York on January 1 , 1898 .   The consolidated city 's first mayor , Robert A. Van Wyck , was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897 . Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller , unconsolidated City of New York ( Manhattan , later expanded into the Bronx ) .   The current mayor , now in his first term , is Bill de Blasio . He was elected on November 5 , 2013 , to a four-year term that began on January 1 , 2014 .

neg: New York wine New York wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of New York . New York ranks third in grape production by volume after California and Washington . Eighty-three percent of New York 's grape area is Vitis labrusca varieties ( mostly Concord ) . The rest is split almost equally between Vitis vinifera and French hybrids .

neg: York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' .   Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street .   The Oscar Hammerstein Award  is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years .   Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .