query: Superior Donuts airs on a network.

pos: Superior Donuts (TV series) Superior Donuts is an American sitcom that airs on CBS . The series aired as a `` special preview '' on February 2 , 2017 , following The Big Bang Theory . It then premiered in its regular Monday at 9:00 p.m. timeslot on February 6 , 2017 . The series is based on the play of the same name by Tracy Letts .   On March 23 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a second season , which will premiere on October 30 , 2017 .

neg: Robin's Donuts Robin 's Donuts is a large Canadian chain of over 130 doughnut ( a.k.a. donut ) shops that operate in provinces across Canada .

neg: CRN Digital Talk Radio Networks CRN Digital Talk Radio Networks , sometimes simply referred to as CRN or CRN Digital Talk , is a syndicator and distributor of radio programs and talk radio networks .

neg: List of former NBC television affiliates The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American broadcast television network that originated as a radio network in November 1926 , and expanded into television in April 1939 . Throughout its history , the network has had many owned-and-operated and affiliated stations .   This article is a table listing of former NBC stations , arranged alphabetically by state , and based on the station 's city of license as well as its Designated Market Area ; it is also accompanied by footnotes regarding the present network affiliation of the former NBC-affiliated station ( if the station remains operational ) and the current NBC affiliates in each of the listed markets , as well as any other notes including the reasons behind each station 's disaffiliation from the network . There are links to and articles on each of the stations , describing their histories , local programming and technical information , such as broadcast frequencies .   The station 's advertised channel number follows the call letters . In most cases , this is their virtual channel ( PSIP ) number , which may match the channel allocation that the station originally broadcast on during its prior affiliation with the network .

neg: Comedy Central Belgium Comedy Central is a Belgian television channel based on the American channel of the same name .  Comedy Central has been several years in Europe with broadcasters in the Netherlands , Germany , Sweden , Poland , Italy , United Kingdom and Hungary . The channel broadcasts mainly of Comedy , in the form of animation , series , movies and stand up shows . In Belgium , the channel started on Monday , January 20 , 2014 with the broadcast of a program block on the TMF channel , every day from 22 hours to 24 hours . The channel is available on cable , digital terrestrial and IPTV operators in Flanders . It airs between 10 pm and midnight on the channel of music channel TMF . As of November 1 , 2015 , it will broadcast 24 hours a day and therefore TMF will disappear .   Comedy Central is owned by Viacom International Media Networks Belgium . The sale is done by SBS Sales Belgium .

neg: Big Three television networks The Big Three television networks are the three major traditional commercial broadcast television networks in the United States : the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , CBS ( formerly known as the Columbia Broadcasting System ) and the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) . Beginning in 1948 until the late 1980 's , the Big Three networks dominated U.S. television .

neg: Nickelodeon (Australia and New Zealand) Nickelodeon is the Australian counterpart of the Nickelodeon television network in the United States . It is operated by a joint venture of Foxtel Networks and MTV Networks Australia .

neg: TBS Television is a television station in Kantō region , wholly owned by Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings . It has a 28-affiliate news network called Japan News Network ( JNN ) .   TBS produced the Takeshi 's Castle game show , which is dubbed and rebroadcast internationally . The channel is also home to Ultraman and the Ultra Series franchise from 1966 onwards -- itself a spinoff to Ultra Q , co-produced and broadcast in the same year -- and its spinoffs , most if not all made by Tsuburaya Productions for the network .   On May 24 2017 , Six major media firms , including TBS , officially announced they will jointly establish a new company in July 2017 to offer paid online video services . TBS Holdings will become the largest shareholder of the new company , Premium Platform Japan , with a 31.5 percent stake . An official from TBS Holdings will become the new company 's president .

neg: Alaska Rural Communications Service The Alaska Rural Communications Service ( ARCS ) is a statewide network of low-powered television stations , serving 235 communities throughout the Alaskan Bush areas . The network is based in Anchorage , Alaska and is operated by Alaska Public Broadcasting , a joint venture of Alaska Public Media and Alaska 's public broadcasters . Programming is beamed via satellite to the rural transmitters owned by the Alaska state government .   Programming on ARCS is a selection of programming from five commercial broadcast networks ( NBC , CBS , ABC , Fox , MyNetworkTV ) and syndication , via the Anchorage stations ; plus PBS programming from KAKM and other PBS members in the state ; occasionally , ARCS generates some of its own programming ( including local sports coverage ) . Anchorage stations provide their programming to ARCS free of charge with the condition that advertising is allowed to remain . There is currently no CW programming available on ARCS .   Even though much of ARCS 's programming contains commercials , the operation of ARCS is partially funded by donations from its viewers , just like member stations of PBS .

neg: WDUL WDUL ( 970 AM ) is a radio station licensed in Superior , Wisconsin . The station is owned and operated by Midwest Communications , which owns six stations in Duluth , Minnesota . All the Duluth stations share the same studio location at 715 East Central Entrance , up the hill from downtown .   WDUL airs programming from the CBS Sports Radio network . WDUL 's main competition when their format was standards was WKLK-AM in Cloquet , Minnesota , coincidentally a former `` Music of Your Life '' affiliate station , which now features America 's Best Music from Dial Global .   The station adopted its standards format in September 2008 . Prior to that , WDUL aired ESPN Radio programming , as well as The Jim Rome Show and Loveline . It was also the local home of NASCAR races and ESPN Sunday Night Baseball .

neg: Hot Choice Hot Choice is a pay-per-view service that mainly airs adult content . It is run by In Demand Networks and is carried on some cable television systems .

neg: Flix (TV network) Flix is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by the Showtime Networks , Inc. subsidiary of CBS Corporation . Its programming consists solely of theatrically released feature films released from the 1970s to the present day , interspersed with some films from the 1950s and 1960s .   It is the only premium television service in the United States that does not operate any multiplex channels that provide additional programming alongside the main service . Although Flix is typically offered as part of the Showtime multiplex , the channel 's carriage varies depending on both the cable provider and market , therefore it may not be available alongside Showtime and The Movie Channel 's multiplex services in all areas .

neg: Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . ''   The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .

neg: W Network W Network ( often referred to only as W ) is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment . W Network broadcasts lifestyle and entertainment programming aimed at women .   The channel is available in two time shifted feeds , East ( operating from the Eastern Time Zone ) and West ( operating from the Pacific Time Zone ) .

neg: Canal Sony (Latin America) Canal Sony ( `` Sony Channel '' , in both Spanish and Portuguese ; formerly called Sony Entertainment Television ) , is a general entertainment channel co-based in Perú , Chile , Venezuela , Brazil and Miami , Florida , United States . It airs in 26 countries in Latin America , and is owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment . In the region , it is distributed by HBO Latin America Group . It was the first pan-regional basic channel that offered programming in its original English language with subtitles and became an award-winning trend setting network .   Canal Sony began transmission in August 1995 , as a basic cable television channel . Its first launch in Mexico was on Televisa 's Cablevision cable TV system in March 1996 followed by its launch in Brazil that same Spring . Unlike most national television networks in Latin America , which air all imported shows dubbed in Spanish or Portuguese , Sony started airing its programming with subtitles which led to its role as a regional leader .   Canal Sony shows new or recent American comedy , drama and reality series such as Will & Grace , American Idol , 'Til Death , 30 Rock , Queer Eye for the Straight Guy , Falcon Beach , America 's Next Top Model , Scrubs , My Wife and Kids , Everybody Hates Chris , Medium , Ghost Whisperer , Saturday Night Live , Charmed , Whose Line Is It Anyway ? , Grey 's Anatomy , According to Jim , Desperate Housewives , That '70s Show , Ugly Betty , Big Day , Samantha Who ? and reruns or previous seasons of shows such as Seinfeld , Mad About You , Dawson 's Creek , Melrose Place , Beverly Hills , 90210 , Married ... with Children , The Nanny , My Wife and Kids and Frasier . Recently it has been broadcasting several hard comedy series , particularly from the UK such as Balls of Steel and Da Ali G Show .   The channel 's biggest production so far is : Latin American Idol . The first season included 20 countries , with auditions in Caracas , Venezuela , Bogotá , Colombia , Mexico City and finishing in Buenos Aires , Argentina , the host country . The show did not include Brazil , because the country already has their own version on terrestrial television . The winner of the first season was Mayre Martinez from Venezuela , winning , amongst other prizes , a record deal , a car and a record contract .   On June 12 , a redesign of the channel welcomed three new original productions by SET . Nada Que Ver was the first one , but it aired for a very short period of time , and was replaced with The IT Crowd due to unpopularity and criticism . Recently the first season of The IT Crowd finished and Nada Que Ver , returned to the programation of P.I ( Politically Incorrect , also named after the sound of a bleep in Spanish diction ) . FusionA2 ( Fused ) is a reality show in which two bands are brought together for two days to prepare and play a song together . And Ya es 1/2 Día en China ( It 's Noon in China ) A late night show in the format of NBC 's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno . The show is currently hosted by Luis Chataing .   Canal Sony regularly cooperates with popular brands , like Sony Ericsson , or Sony 's competitors , like Philips , to present new products in their mini-show `` Los Huevos de Oro '' ( The Golden Eggs ) , which is shown during commercial breaks . SET also shows music videos , as occasional time-fillers . Another popular feature the channel has been known for is Si Se Lo Perdió ( in Portuguese , Vale o Bis ) , which means `` In Case You Missed It '' , a block that would re-air any new episodes of prime time shows that aired during the week on Sundays , convenient for those that missed the original airings during the week .   Nada que Ver is not aired in Brazil and is not on air currently .   Ugly Betty was aired in Mexico , starting April 2008 .   Sony started airing movies in Tuesday 's prime time . Although the name of the slot refers to Hollywood-produced humor , the movies aired are all romantic comedies , such as Little Black Book , America 's Sweethearts , and My Best Friend 's Wedding . In December 2009 , this space was moved to Saturdays , until it was eventually dropped in 2010 , though a movie block will return to the Brazilian feed on Thursdays , starting in April 2011 , as Cine Sony . At the same time , this block returned to the other regional feeds in Spanish , but on Fridays , as EPH : Espacio Producido Hollywood ( `` Hollywood-Produced Space '' ) .   The channel has aired original shows , such as Mexico 's Next Top Model and Brazil 's Next Top Model ( Both based in America 's Next Top Model , which airs on the channel ) . Other original Latin-American series that premiered on the channel are Los Simuladores and Los Caballeros las prefieren Brutas .   In 2011 , the Sony Pictures channels in Brazil gained greater independence from the Spanish-language feeds , and as part of that , it was announced that CSI : Crime Scene Investigation would return to Canal Sony in Brazil , while in the rest of the region , that show remains on sister channel AXN . In October 2011 , CSI : Miami would make such channel switch in Brazil . CSI : NY remains seen on AXN in the entire region .

neg: Bravo (Canada) Bravo ( styled bravo ) is a Canadian English language Category A cable and satellite specialty channel that is owned by Bell Media .   The channel was founded as a Canadian version of the U.S. channel Bravo ( which is now owned by NBCUniversal ) , and originally focused on performing arts , drama , and independent film . However , as with its U.S. counterpart , the channel has largely dropped its arts programming , and now focuses primarily on mainstream films and scripted series .

neg: Comcast SportsNet Chicago Comcast SportsNet Chicago ( sometimes abbreviated as CSN Chicago ) is an American regional sports network that is owned by the NBC Sports Group unit of NBCUniversal ( which owns 20 % , and is itself owned by Comcast , the primary cable provider in the Chicago market ) , the family of Chicago Cubs owner J. Joseph Ricketts ( who own 20 % ) , Chicago Bulls and White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf ( who owns a 40 % majority interest ) , and Chicago Blackhawks owner Rocky Wirtz ( who owns 20 % ) .   The channel broadcasts regional coverage of professional sports teams in the Chicago metropolitan area , as well as college sports events and original sports-related news , discussion and entertainment programming . CSN Chicago is available on cable and fiber optic television providers in most of Illinois , and throughout northern Indiana , Iowa , Kenosha County , Wisconsin and southwest Michigan and nationwide on satellite providers DirecTV and Dish Network . The network maintains main studios and offices located at 350 North Orleans Street , inside the River North Point Center in the Near North Side area .

neg: A&E Networks A&E Networks ( branded as A+E Networks ) is an American media company that owns a group of television channels available via cable & satellite in the U.S. and abroad . A&E stands for Arts & Entertainment . The company is a joint venture with Hearst and Disney-ABC Television Group , a unit of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .

neg: CBS Sports Network CBS Sports Network is an American digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by the CBS Corporation . When it launched in 2002 as the National College Sports Network ( later College Sports Television also known as CSTV ) , it operated as a multi-platform media brand which also included its primary website , collegesports.com , and a network of websites operated for the athletic departments of 215 colleges and universities .   After CSTV was acquired by CBS in 2008 , the network was re-branded as the CBS College Sports Network . The network initially maintained its college sports focus , but in February 2011 , the service was re-branded as CBS Sports Network to re-position it as a mainstream sports service . The network continues to have a particular focus on college sports , along with coverage of smaller leagues and events , simulcasts of sports radio shows from CBS-owned stations , and studio and analysis programming .

neg: TBD (TV network) TBD ( also referred to unofficially as TBD-TV ) is an American digital broadcast television network that is owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group . Targeting millennial audiences , the network focuses on internet-based series and other digital content ( including showcases of user-generated music , animation and comedy videos , eSports , and compiled half-hour and hour-long episodes of short-form web series ) , along with some feature films .

neg: AT-X (company) is a Japanese anime television network owned by . AT-X , Inc. was founded on June 26 , 2000 as a subsidiary of TV Tokyo Medianet , which , in turn , is a subsidiary of TV Tokyo . Its headquarters are in Minato , Tokyo . AT-X network has been broadcasting anime via satellite and cable since December 24 , 1997 .   Their slogan is .   AT-X is always the main channel for many Comic Gum Anime adaptions . Ikkitousen , Amaenaideyo !! and Fight Ippatsu ! Juuden-chan ! were shown on this channel first , before they were re-aired on Tokyo Metropolitan Television ( Tokyo MX ) .   As a premium channel AT-X is also known for showing uncensored versions of several anime like Fight Ippatsu ! Jūden-chan !! , Amaenaideyo !! , Girls Bravo , Elfen Lied , Mahoromatic and High School DxD which would normally get censored on TV-stations like TV-Tokyo because of the large amount of nudity and other factors .


query: Morrissey was born into a Native American family.

pos: Morrissey Steven Patrick Morrissey ( born 22 May 1959 ) , professionally known as Morrissey , is an English singer , songwriter and author . He rose to prominence as the lead singer of the indie rock band the Smiths , which was active from 1982 to 1987 . Since then , Morrissey has had a solo career , making the top ten of the UK Singles Chart on ten occasions .   Born in Davyhulme , Lancashire , to a working-class Irish migrant family , Morrissey grew up in Manchester . As a child he developed a love of literature , kitchen sink realism and popular music . Involved in Manchester 's punk rock scene during the late 1970s , he fronted the Nosebleeds , with little success . Beginning a career in music journalism , he authored a number of books on music and film in the early 1980s . With Johnny Marr he established the Smiths in 1982 , soon attracting national recognition for their self-titled debut album . As the band 's frontman , Morrissey attracted attention both for his witty and sardonic lyrics and his idiosyncratic appearance ; deliberately avoiding rock machismo , he cultivated the aesthetic of a social outsider who eschewed drugs and embraced celibacy . He was also noted for his unusual baritone vocal style ( though he sometimes uses falsetto ) , The Smiths released five further albums -- including the critically acclaimed Meat is Murder and The Queen is Dead -- and had a string of hit singles . Personal differences between Morrissey and Marr resulted in The Smiths ' separation in 1987 .   In 1988 , Morrissey launched his solo career with the album Viva Hate . This and its follow-up albums -- Bona Drag , Kill Uncle , Your Arsenal , and Vauxhall and I -- all did well in the UK Albums Chart and spawned a number of hit singles . Having left Britain and moved to Los Angeles , during the mid-1990s Morrissey 's image began to shift into that of a burlier figure , who toyed with patriotic imagery and working-class masculinity . In the mid-to-late 1990s , his subsequent albums , Southpaw Grammar and Maladjusted , also charted but were less well received . After a hiatus between 1998 and 2003 , Morrissey released a successful comeback album , You Are the Quarry , in 2004 . Relocating to Italy , ensuing years saw the release of albums Ringleader of the Tormentors , Years of Refusal , and World Peace Is None of Your Business . In 2013 Morrissey released his autobiography , followed by his first novel in 2015 .   Highly influential , Morrissey is widely credited as being a seminal figure in the emergence of indie rock and Britpop . He has been acclaimed as one of the greatest lyricists in British history , with his lyrics having become the subject of academic study . He has courted controversy with his forthright opinions -- endorsing vegetarianism and animal rights , condemning royalty and prominent politicians , and questioning issues of British national and cultural identity . In a 2006 poll held by the BBC 's Culture Show , Morrissey was voted the second greatest living British cultural icon .

neg: Shamokin (village) Shamokin ( -LSB- ʃəˈmoʊkᵻn -RSB- Saponi Algonquian `` Schahamokink '' `` place of eels '' ) ( Lenape : Shahëmokink ) was a multi-ethnic Native American trading village on the Susquehanna River , located partially within the limits of the modern cities of Sunbury and Shamokin Dam , Pennsylvania . It should not be confused with present-day Shamokin , Pennsylvania , located to the east . Early in the eighteenth century , the village consisted of Iroquois migrants from the north , as well as Shawnee and Lenape settlers moving away from the expanding white settlement of Pennsylvania and Saponi and Tutelo from Virginia .   The date of first human settlement of is not known . However , historian C. A. Weslager indicates that it was probably Shawnee migrants who first settled there . A large population of Delaware Indians was also forcibly resettled there in the early 18th century after they lost rights to their land in the Walking Purchase . Canasatego of the Six Nations , enforcing the Walking Purchase of behalf of George Thomas , Deputy Governor of Pennsylvania , ordered the Delaware Indians to go to two places on the Susquehanna River , one of which was Shamokin .   From 1727 to 1756 , Shamokin was one of the largest and most influential Indian settlements in Pennsylvania . In 1745 , Presbyterian missionary David Brainerd described the city as being located on both the east and west sides of the river , and on an island , as well . Brainerd reported that the city housed 300 Indians , half of which were Delawares and the other Seneca and Tutelo .   In 1754 , much of the land west of the Susquehanna was transferred from the Six Nations to Pennsylvania at the Albany Congress . However , Shamokin was not sold and was reserved by the Six Nations , `` to settle such of our Nations as shall come to us from the Ohio or any others who shall deserve to be in our Alliance . '' According to Weslager , `` the Pennsylvania authorities had no opposition to the Six Nations reserving Wyoming and Shamokin from the sale , since friendly Delawares , including Teedyuskung ( also known as Teedyuscung ) and his people living in those settlements -- and any other Indians who might be placed there -- constituted a buffer against Connecticut . ''   The French and Indian War brought fighting to much of the region . The Delaware Indian residents of Shamokin remained neutral for much of the early part of the war , in part because a drought and unseasonable frost in Shamokin in 1755 left them without provisions . However , the Delaware Indians at Shamokin joined the war against Pennsylvania and the English after the Gnadenhutten massacre in 1755 . Pennsylvania Fort Augusta was built in 1756 at Shamokin . In April 1756 , the government of Pennsylvania began paying a cash bounty for Indians scalps and prisoners .

neg: Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage .   Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community .   It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry .   The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''

neg: Sager orphans The Sager orphans ( sometimes referred to as the Sager children ) were the children of Henry and Naomi Sager . In April 1844 the Sager family took part in the great westward migration and started their journey along the Oregon Trail . During it , both Henry and Naomi died and left their seven children orphaned . Later adopted by Marcus and Narcissa Whitman , missionaries in what is now Washington , they were orphaned a second time , when both their new parents were killed during the Whitman massacre in November 1847 . About 1860 Catherine , the oldest girl , wrote a first-hand account of their journey across the plains and their life with the Whitmans . Today it is regarded as one of the most authentic accounts of the American westward migration .   The children 's names were ( from oldest to youngest ) :  John Carney Sager ( born 1831 in Union County , Ohio )  Francis `` Frank '' Sager ( born 1833 in Union County , Ohio )  Catherine Carney Sager ( born April 15 , 1835 in Union County , Ohio )  Elizabeth Marie Sager ( born July 6 , 1837 in Union County , Ohio )  Matilda Jane Sager ( born October 6 , 1839 in Buchanan County , Missouri )  Hannah Louise `` Louisa '' Sager ( born 1841 in Platte County , Missouri )  Henrietta Naomi `` Rosanna '' Sager ( born May 30 , 1844 along the Oregon Trail in present-day Kansas )

neg: John Morrissey John Morrissey ( February 12 , 1831 -- May 1 , 1878 ) , also known as Old Smoke , was an Irish American bare-knuckle boxer and a gang member in New York City in the 1850s and later became a Democratic State Senator and U.S. Congressman from New York , backed by Tammany Hall . Morrissey began his bare-knuckle boxing career after a confrontation with a man known only as `` Chroel '' who was notorious for troubling his fellow townsmen . Although Morrissey was on the bitter end of his first bare knuckle bout , his display of bravery and fortitude earned himself the respect and historical acknowledgment of his peers .

neg: Erie people The Erie people ( also Erieehronon , Eriechronon , Riquéronon , Erielhonan , Eriez , Nation du Chat ) were a Native American people historically living on the south shore of Lake Erie . An Iroquoian group , they lived in what is now western New York , northwestern Pennsylvania , and northern Ohio before 1658 . They were destroyed in the mid-17th century by five years of prolonged warfare with the neighboring Iroquois , especially the Seneca , for helping the Huron in the Beaver Wars for control of the fur trade . ''   Their villages were burned as a lesson to those who dare oppose the Iroquois , adding to their loss of life and likely forcing emigration . The Iroquoian confederacies were known for adopting others into their tribes , and true to form , the remaining defeated Erie are believed to have been absorbed by other Iroquoian tribes , particularly the Seneca , and possibly their kindred Susquehannocks with whom they shared the hunting grounds of the Allegheny Plateau and the Amerindian paths through the gaps of the Allegheny . Whatever their individual fates , the remnant tribes living among the Iroquois , gradually lost their independent identity .   The names Erie and Eriez are shortened forms of Erielhonan , meaning `` long tail . '' The Erielhonan were also called the Chat ( `` Cat '' in French ) or `` Raccoon '' people , referring to that characteristic . It appears that the cat reference may be to depict a connection to the sacred Underwater Panther , who was believed to have lived in the Great Lakes . Like all the Iroquoian stock , they lived in multi-family long houses in villages enclosed in palisades , which often enclosed crops . They cultivated the `` Three Sisters '' : varieties of corn , beans , and squash , during the warm season . In winter , tribal members lived off the stored crops and animals taken in hunts .

neg: Hiwi people The Hiwi call themselves the `` people of the savannah '' for the vast flatlands they inhabit between the Meta and Vichada rivers in Colombia . In Venezuela , the Hiwi live in the states of Apure , Guarico , Bolivar , and Amazonas . Seventeenth - and eighteenth-century historians described the Hiwi as nomadic hunter-gatherers . Their long history of violent conflict , extending well into the twentieth century , has meant dramatic changes in their way of life .   Today , when the Hiwi visit criollo towns , they wear European-style clothing : shirts and pants for the men , and cotton dresses for the women . In their own villages , many continue to wear traditional loincloths made of cloth or of a vegetable bark called marima .   Traditional clothing also includes body ornaments . The Hiwi make necklaces of glass beads as well as shamanic amulet necklaces for ceremonial use , made with animal teeth , hooves , and beaks .   Textile crafts are an important part of their material culture . Using looms , the Hiwi weave high-quality hammocks with moriche or cumare fibers .   Historically , basketry has been a male occupation among the Hiwi , and the baskets they weave for transporting and storing foodstuffs are decorated with red and black geometric designs . Recently , women have begun to make baskets for commercial sale .   Some Hiwi still make pottery , although far fewer since the introduction of aluminum pots and plastic containers . Traditionally an activity of the dry season , vessels are made by rolling rings of clay over a base . After they dry , they are burned over an open fire and then decorated with vegetable dyes such as cumare and caruto .   Despite a reputation as less than excellent navigators , the Hiwi do make curiaras and oars . The curiaras are made from a tree similar to the cedar . After the bark is removed , they use fire , hatchets , and machetes to shape the wood . From the same wood , they produce oars with round handles and oval paddles . Although made by hand , the completed curiara looks newly manufactured .   The Hiwi make wind and percussion musical instruments for festivities and ceremonial rituals , such as flutes with three holes made from large deer bones . Pan flutes , made with five or six tubes of caña amarga , often are played with another musical instrument made from the skull and antlers of the deer .   The maraca , the shaman 's principal musical instrument , is traditionally used for healing . The body of a maraca is made from a dried gourd , which is then painted with geometric patterns . It is often decorated as well with a tuft of curassow feathers .

neg: Neoshamanism Neoshamanism refers to `` new '' ' forms of shamanism , or methods of seeking visions or healing . Neoshamanism comprises an eclectic range of beliefs and practices that involve attempts to attain altered states and communicate with a spirit world . Neoshamanic systems may not resemble traditional forms of shamanism . Some have been invented by individual practitioners , though many borrow or gain inspiration from a variety of different Indigenous cultures . In particular , indigenous cultures of the Americas have been influential .   The word `` shaman '' originates from the Evenki word '' šamán '' . The Tungusic term was subsequently adopted by Russians interacting with the indigenous peoples in Siberia , and then applied very broadly by western anthropologists to many , diverse spiritual systems that share some kind of practice of calling upon , and mediating with , spirit beings .   Neoshamanism is not a single , cohesive belief system , but a collective term for many philosophies and activities . However , certain generalities may be drawn between adherents . Most believe in spirits and pursue contact with the `` spirit-world '' in altered states of consciousness which they achieve through drumming , dance , or the use of entheogens . Most systems might be described as existing somewhere on the animism/pantheism spectrum . Some neoshamans were not trained by any traditional shaman or member of any American indigenous culture , but rather learn independently from books and experimentation . Many attend New Age workshops and retreats , where they study a wide variety of ideas and techniques , both new and old .   Some members of traditional , indigenous cultures and religions are critical of neoshamanism , asserting that it represents an illegitimate form of cultural appropriation , or that it is nothing more than a ruse by fraudulent spiritual leaders to disguise or lend legitimacy fabricated , ignorant and/or unsafe elements in their ceremonies .  According to York ( 2001 ) one difference between neoshamanism and traditional shamanism is the role of fear . Neoshamanism and its New Age relations tend to dismiss the existence of evil , fear , and failure . `` In traditional shamanism , the shaman 's initiation is an ordeal involving pain , hardship and terror . New Age , by contrast is a religious perspective that denies the ultimately -LSB- sic -RSB- reality of the negative , and this would devalue the role of fear as well . ''   The 2011 United Kingdom census made it possible to write in a description of one 's own choosing for `` Religion '' . The figures for England and Wales show that from just over 80,000 people self-identifying as Pagan , 650 wrote in the description `` Shamanism '' .

neg: Marijo Moore Marijo Moore is a writer of mixed Cherokee , Dutch and Irish ancestry , who frequently draws upon Native American culture in her poetry . She won the title of Writer of the Year ( 2002 ) by the Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers and Storytellers , one of the most prestigious awards in the Native American literary world .   Moore currently serves as poetry editor for Rapid River Arts and Literature Journal and manages Renegade Planets Publishing , a Native American journal . She has edited several collections , including Eating Fire , Tasting Blood : Breaking the Great Silence of the American Indian Holocaust ( 2005 ) and Genocide of the Mind : New Writings by Native Americans ( 2002 ) .

neg: American Indian boarding schools Native American boarding schools were established in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to educate and assimilate Native American children and youths according to Euro-American standards . These boarding schools were first established by Christian missionaries of various denominations , who often started schools on reservations and founded boarding schools to provide opportunities for children who did not have colonial schools nearby , especially in the lightly populated areas of the West . The government paid religious orders to provide education to Native American children on reservations . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , the Bureau of Indian Affairs ( BIA ) founded additional boarding schools based on the assimilation model of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School off-reservation .   Children were typically immersed in European-American culture through appearance changes with haircuts , were forbidden to speak their native languages , and traditional names were replaced by new European-American names ( to both `` civilize '' and `` Christianize '' ) . The experience of the schools was often harsh , especially for the younger children who were forcibly separated from their families . In numerous ways , they were encouraged or forced to abandon their Native American identities and cultures . Investigations of the later twentieth century have revealed many documented cases of sexual , manual , physical and mental abuse occurring at these schools .   Since those years , tribal nations have increasingly insisted on community-based schools and have also founded numerous tribal colleges and universities . Community schools have also been supported by the federal government through the BIA and legislation . The largest boarding schools have closed . By 2007 , most of the schools had been closed down and the number of Native American children in boarding schools had declined to 9,500 . In this same period , more Native Americans live in urban environments and having to accommodate to majority culture .

neg: Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation The Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation are descendants of the historic Saponi and other Siouan-speaking Indians who occupied the Piedmont of North Carolina and Virginia . The community is located primarily in Pleasant Grove Township , Alamance County , North Carolina . The tribe maintains an office in Mebane , where it carries out programs to benefit the roughly 701 enrolled tribal members .   Limited documentation exists linking members of the tribe to the historical Occaneechi and Saponi tribes . After warfare in the Southeast in the 18th century , most of the remaining Saponi tribe members went north in 1740 for protection with the Iroquois . After the American Revolution , they relocated with the Iroquois in Canada , as they had been allies of the British .   After the war and migration , the Saponi disappeared from the historical record in the Southeast , in part because of racial discrimination that often included them in records only as free blacks or free people of color , when the states and federal government had no category in censuses for American Indian . In addition , because slavery became essentially a racial caste , southern society tended to classify people with any African ancestry as black , rather than recognizing mixed ancestry . This was especially true in the late 19th and early 20th century , after white Democrats regained control of state legislatures across the South and imposed a binary system of racial segregation .   Remnant Saponi who stayed in North Carolina were mostly acculturated . The community was traditionally located at the old `` Little Texas '' community of Pleasant Grove Township , where the tribe owns 25 acre of land . In the twentieth century , the tribe worked to revive its cultural traditions . It is developing a tribal center facility . This will include a reconstructed 1700 Occaneechi village , museum , log farm from the 1880s , community meeting space , and classroom areas .

neg: Moccasin A moccasin is a shoe , made of deerskin or other soft leather , consisting of a sole ( made with leather that has not been `` worked '' ) and sides made of one piece of leather , stitched together at the top , and sometimes with a vamp ( additional panel of leather ) . The sole is soft and flexible and the upper part often is adorned with embroidery or beading . Though sometimes worn inside , it is chiefly intended for outdoor use , as in exploring wildernesses and running . Historically , it is the footwear of many indigenous people of North America ; moreover , hunters , traders , and European settlers wore them . Etymologically , the moccasin derives from the Algonquian language Powhatan word makasin ( cognate to Massachusett mohkisson / mokussin , Ojibwa makizin , Mi ` kmaq mksɨn ) , and from the Proto-Algonquian word * maxkeseni ( shoe ) .

neg: Ozhaguscodaywayquay Ozhaguscodaywayquay ( Ozhaawashkodewekwe : Woman of the Green Glade ) , also called Neengay ( Ninge : `` My mother '' ) or Susan Johnston ( c. 1775 -- c. 1840 ) , was an important figure in the Great Lakes fur trade before the War of 1812 . She married the British fur trader John Johnston , a `` wintering partner '' of the North West Company . They had prominent roles in the crossroads society of Sault Ste. Marie , Michigan and the territory before 1830 , and entertained notable visitors from a variety of disciplines . Their daughter Jane Johnston Schoolcraft has become recognized as the first Native American literary writer in the United States .

neg: Dakota people The Dakota people are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America . They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux -LSB- ˈsuː -RSB- people , and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota .   The Eastern Dakota are the Santee ( Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ-athi ; `` knife '' + `` encampment '' , ″ dwells at the place of knife flint ″ ) , who reside in the eastern Dakotas , central Minnesota and northern Iowa . They have federally recognized tribes established in several places .   The Western Dakota are the Yankton , and the Yanktonai ( Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna ; `` Village-at-the-end '' and `` Little village-at-the-end '' ) , who reside in the Missouri River area . The Yankton-Yanktonai are collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena ( ″ Those Who Speak Like Men ″ ) . They also have distinct federally recognized tribes .   In the past the Western Dakota have been erroneously classified as Nakota , a branch of the Sioux who moved further west . The latter are now located in Montana and across the border in Canada , where they are known as Stoney .

neg: Marcus Morris (publisher) The Reverend John Marcus Harston Morris OBE ( 25 April 1915 -- 16 March 1989 ) was an English Anglican priest who founded the Eagle comic in 1950 and was deputy chairman of the National Magazine Company .   Born in Preston , Lancashire , the son of a clergyman , Morris grew up in Southport . He attended Dean Close School in Cheltenham , before reading Classics at Brasenose College , Oxford University on an ecclesiastical scholarship , then theology at Wycliffe Hall . He was ordained deacon in Liverpool in 1939 , and priest in 1940 . Having been briefly engaged to model Rita Foyle , he married actress Jessica Dunning in 1941 , and they had four children , while Morris pursued `` an energetic and exotic love life on the side . ''   After a chaplaincy in the RAF and postings in Great Yarmouth , Norfolk and Weeley , Essex , he became vicar of St James ' Church , Birkdale , in 1945 , where he published a magazine , The Anvil , which contained illustrations and design by Frank Hampson , articles by C. S. Lewis , Harold MacMillan , Dorothy L. Sayers and Chad Varah , and short stories for children by Geoffrey Trease , and circulated far beyond his parish , although it did not sell well and put Morris in considerable debt .   In 1948 Morris and Chad Varah were part of a group of diocesan editors who formed the Society of Christian Publicity , which took over publishing The Anvil . At its inaugural meeting Morris spoke about the kinds of periodical the Church should be publishing , including a `` strip-cartoon magazine for children '' . In February 1949 He wrote an article for the Sunday Dispatch entitled `` Comics that bring Horror into the Nursery '' , in which he decried the violence and sensationalism of American crime and horror comics and their effects on British children , after which he and Hampson set out to produce a more wholesome , uplifting alternative . They devised a proposed strip for the Sunday Empire News called Lex Christian , about the adventures of a brave inner-city parson , but it fell through after the paper 's editor died . They turned their attention to creating a new weekly comic , entitled the Eagle . Hampson and fellow artist Harold Johns put together a series of dummies , and Morris , a gifted salesman , presented them to various publishers , of whom Hulton Press agreed to publish it . The first issue proper went on sale on 14 April 1950 . Morris and his family moved to Epsom , Surrey , in 1950 , and Hampson set up a studio on their house . In November 1951 Morris launched Girl , a girls ' counterpart to the Eagle , followed by Robin ( 1953 ) , for younger children , and Swift ( 1954 ) , for an audience younger than Eagle and Girl but older than Robin .   From 1954 to 1959 he was managing editor of Hultons ' Housewife magazine , and he was also appointed a member of the Hulton Press management committee . He left Hultons in 1959 when they were taken over by Odhams Press , joining the National Magazine Company , a subsidiary of the Hearst Corporation , as editorial director . However , he continued to write serials for the Eagle in the early 1960s , mostly on historical or religious subjects and often in collaboration with Guy Daniel , including `` The Golden Man '' , a biography of Sir Walter Raleigh drawn by Robert Ayton , and `` The Road of Courage '' , a retelling of the life of Christ illustrated by Hampson and Joan Porter .   He became managing director and editor-in-chief of the National Magazine Company in 1964 . He was responsible for launching the British edition of Cosmopolitan , created the distributor Comag in association with Condé Nast , and increased the circulation of his magazines at a time when the market was declining . He became deputy chairman in 1979 , received the OBE in 1983 , and retired in 1984 . In his later years he lived in Midford , Somerset , and died on 16 March 1989 at the King Edward VII Hospital for Officers , London . A memorial service was held at St. Bride 's , Fleet Street , where he had been honorary chaplain from 1952 to 1983 .

neg: Tattooed Arm Tattooed Arm ( French : Bras Piqué ) was the Female Sun of the Natchez people in the early 18th century . The Natchez were matrilineal , and while the paramount chief was a man , this title was inherited through his mother , the Female Sun . Tattooed Arm was the mother of Saint Cosme , the Great Sun , and the daughter of the previous female sun , `` White Woman '' ( died 1704 ) . She was the sister of war chief Tattooed Serpent ( d. 1725 ) and the Great Sun ( d. 1728 ) . Like her brothers , she was friendly to the French , and following the Natchez Massacre she told Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz that she had attempted to warn them of plans by her tribe to attack them by surprise . Along with many other Natchez people , in 1731 she was captured during the French retaliations against the Natchez after the massacre , and she was eventually was deported to Saint-Domingue , where she was sold as a slave .   Her original Natchez name is unknown .

neg: Cherokee The Cherokee ( -LSB- ˈtʃɛrəkiː -RSB- -LSB- ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ , translit = Ani-Yunwiya -RSB- or -LSB- ᏣᎳᎩ , links = no , translit = Tsalagi -RSB- ) are a Native American people , originally indigenous to the Southeastern United States , including Alabama , Georgia , Kentucky , Mississippi , Tennessee , North Carolina , South Carolina , Virginia and West Virginia . Currently there are three federally recognized Cherokee tribes : the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in North Carolina , the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma , and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians , also in Oklahoma .   The Cherokee language is part of the Iroquoian language group . In the nineteenth century , historians and ethnographers recorded an oral tradition that told of the tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region , where other Iroquoian-speaking peoples lived .   By the 19th century , European settlers in the United States classified the Cherokee of the Southeast as one of the `` Five Civilized Tribes , '' because they had adopted numerous cultural and technological practices of the European American settlers . The Cherokee were one of the first , if not the first , major non-European ethnic group to become U.S. citizens . Article 8 in the 1817 treaty with the Cherokee stated Cherokees may wish to become citizens of the United States .   The Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma has around 300,000 tribal members , making it the largest of the 566 federally recognized tribes in the United States . In addition , numerous groups claim Cherokee lineage , and some of these are state-recognized . A total of 819,000-plus people claim having Cherokee ancestry on the US census , which includes persons who are not enrolled members of any tribe .   Of the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes , the Cherokee Nation ( CNO ) and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians ( UKB ) have headquarters in Tahlequah , Oklahoma . The UKB are mostly descendants of `` Old Settlers , '' Cherokee who migrated to Arkansas and Oklahoma about 1817 prior to Indian Removal . They are related to the Cherokee who were later forcibly relocated there in the 1830s under the Indian Removal Act . The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is on the Qualla Boundary in western North Carolina ; their ancestors resisted or avoided relocation , remaining in the area .

neg: Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness .   In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained :   `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' .   When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers .  There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere .   Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues .   What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . ''   Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad .   The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana .   The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance .   The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .

neg: Mascouten The Mascouten ( also Mascoutin , Mathkoutench , Muscoden , or Musketoon ) were a tribe of Algonquian-speaking Native Americans who are believed to have dwelt on both sides of the Mississippi River adjacent to the present-day Wisconsin-Illinois border after being driven out of Michigan by the Odawa .   They are first mentioned in historic records by French missionaries , who described the people as inhabiting the southern area of present-day Michigan . They said that the Mascouten were then more populous than all the Neutral Nation , the Huron , and the Iroquois , put together . In 1712 , the Mascouten united with the Kickapoo and the Fox , after almost being exterminated by the French and the Potawatomi .   The Jesuit Relations frequently refer to the Mascouten as the `` Fire Nation '' or `` Nation of Fire '' . However , one Jesuit writes : ` The Fire Nation is erroneously so called , its correct name being Maskoutench , which means `` a treeless country , '' like that inhabited by these  people ; but as , by changing a few letters , this Word is made to signify `` fire , ''  therefore the people have come to be called the Fire Nation . '   Survivors migrated westward . The Mascouten are last referred to as a band in historic records in 1779 , when they were living on the Wabash River ( in present-day Indiana ) with the Piankashaw and the Kickapoo . The surviving Mascouten are noted in United States records of 1813 and 1825 as being part of the Kickapoo Prairie Band .   Their name apparently comes from a Fox word meaning `` Little Prairie People '' . Historians do not know what they called themselves ( autonym ) .

neg: R. H. Barlow Robert Hayward Barlow ( May 18 , 1918 -- January 1 or 2 , 1951 ) was an American author , avant-garde poet , anthropologist and historian of early Mexico , and expert in the Nahuatl language . He was a correspondent and friend of horror writer H. P. Lovecraft and was appointed by Lovecraft the executor of his literary estate .   Born at a time when his father Lieutenant Colonel Everett Darius Barlow , was serving with the American Forces in France , Barlow spent much of his youth at Fort Benning , Georgia , where his father was stationed . Around 1932 Col. Barlow received a medical discharge and settled his wife ( Sraha Barlow ) and son in the small town of DeLand , in central Florida . Family difficulties later forced Robert H. Barlow to move to Washington , D.C. , and Kansas . He received training at the Kansas City Art Institute and subsequently at San Francisco Junior College . He went to Mexico in 1940-41 , studied at the Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas , and upon his return to California received the B.A. degree at the University of California in 1942 . Returning to Mexico as a permanent resident , he joined the staff of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico . In 1944 he received a Rockefeller Foundation and in 1946-48 a Guggenheim Fellowship . He became head of the Department of Anthropology at Mexico City College , which position he held at the time of his passing on January 2 , 1951 .   According to fellow anthropologist Charles E. Dibble , `` In the brief span of a decade , Barlow gave Middle American research an impetus and perspective of enduring consequence . His contributions in Mexican archaeology , classical and modern Nahuatl , Mexican colonial history , and what he preferred to call `` Bilderhandschriften '' are of lasting importance . '' Dibble compared Barlow 's zeal for searching for and deciphering little known or dimly recalled codices and colonial manuscripts to that of Zelia Nuttall . Barlow has been referred to as `` the T. E. Lawrence of Mexico ''

neg: Skokomish people The Skokomish ( pronounced -LSB- skoʊ-ˈkoʊmɪʃ -RSB- ) are one of nine tribes of the Twana , a Native American people of western Washington state in the United States . The tribe lives along Hood Canal , a fjord-like inlet on the west side of the Kitsap Peninsula and the Puget Sound basin . Historically the Twana were hunters , fishers , and gatherers who had a nomadic lifestyle during the warmer months , while living in more permanent homes during the winter months .   Today , Skokomish people are enrolled in the federally recognized Skokomish Indian Tribe .   Like many Northwest Coast indigenous peoples , the Skokomish rely heavily on fishing for their survival .


query: Jennifer Aniston acts.

pos: Rachel Green Rachel Karen Green is a fictional character , one of the six main characters who appeared in the American sitcom Friends . Portrayed by actress Jennifer Aniston , the character was created by show creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman , and appeared in each of the show 's 236 episodes during its decade-long run , from its premiere on September 22 , 1994 to its finale on May 6 , 2004 . Introduced in the show 's pilot as a naive runaway bride who reunites with her childhood best friend Monica and relocates to New York City , Rachel gradually evolves from a spoiled , inexperienced daddy 's girl into a successful businesswoman . During the show 's second season , the character becomes romantically involved with her friend Ross , with whom she maintains a complicated on-again , off-again relationship throughout the entire series . Together , the characters have a daughter , Emma .   The role of Rachel was originally offered to actresses Téa Leoni , the producer 's first choice , and Courteney Cox , both of whom declined , Leoni in favor of starring in the sitcom The Naked Truth , and Cox in favor of playing Rachel 's best friend Monica in Friends . A virtually unknown actress at the time who had previously starred in five short-lived sitcoms , Aniston auditioned for the role of Rachel after turning down an offer as a cast member on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live . After acquiring the role and before Friends aired , Aniston was temporarily at risk of being recast because she had also been involved with another sitcom , Muddling Through , at the time , which was ultimately canceled and allowed Aniston to remain on Friends .   Critical reception towards Rachel has remained consistently positive throughout Friends decade-long run , with The A.V. Club attributing much of the show 's early success to the character . However , some of her storylines have been criticized , specifically her romantic relationship with her friend Joey during season ten . Rachel 's popularity established her as the show 's breakout character , who has since been named one of the greatest television characters of all-time , while the character 's second season haircut spawned an international phenomenon of its own . Named the `` Rachel '' after her , the character 's shag continues to be imitated by millions of women around the world and remains one of the most popular hairstyles in history , in spite of Aniston 's own resentment towards it . Rachel is also regarded as a style icon due to her influence on womenswear during the 1990s . Meanwhile , the character 's relationship with Ross is often cited among television 's most beloved .   Rachel is considered to be Aniston 's breakout role , credited with making her the show 's most famous cast member and for spawning her successful film career . Praised for her performance as Rachel , Aniston won both an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress In A Television Series -- Comedy Or Musical .

pos: Jennifer Aniston Jennifer Joanna Aniston ( born February 11 , 1969 ) is an American actress , producer , and businesswoman . She is the daughter of Greek-born actor John Aniston and American actress Nancy Dow . Aniston gained worldwide recognition for portraying Rachel Green on the popular television sitcom Friends ( 1994 -- 2004 ) , a role which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the 100 greatest female characters in United States television .   Aniston has played the female protagonist in a number of comedies and romantic comedies . Her box office hits include Bruce Almighty ( 2003 ) , The Break-Up ( 2006 ) , Marley & Me ( 2008 ) , Just Go with It ( 2011 ) , Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) , and We 're the Millers ( 2013 ) , each of which have grossed over 200 million in worldwide receipts . Her most critically acclaimed roles included the role of Olivia in Friends with Money ( 2006 ) , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) , for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead , and the drama Cake ( 2014 ) , for which she received nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress . Her other films include Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) and He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) . In 2008 , she co-founded the production company Echo Films .   In 2012 , Aniston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . She is one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood , and as of 2014 , her net worth is estimated to be 150 million . She has also been included in magazines ' lists of the world 's most beautiful women . People magazine named Aniston `` The Most Beautiful Woman '' in 2004 and 2016 , and Men 's Health magazine voted her the `` Sexiest Woman of All Time '' in 2011 . Divorced from actor Brad Pitt , to whom she was married for five years , she has been married to actor Justin Theroux since 2015 .

neg: Mother! Mother ! ( stylized as mother ! ) is an upcoming American black comedy psychological thriller film , written and directed by Darren Aronofsky . It stars Jennifer Lawrence , Javier Bardem , Michelle Pfeiffer , Domhnall Gleeson , Ed Harris and Kristen Wiig . Paramount Pictures plans to release the film on October 13 , 2017 .

neg: Real Women Have Curves Real Women Have Curves is a 2002 American comedy-drama film that takes place in East Los Angeles . It gained fame after winning the Audience Award for best dramatic film , and the Special Jury Prize for acting in the 2002 Sundance Film Festival . The film went on to receive the Youth Jury Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival , the Humanitas Prize , the Imagen Award at the Imagen Foundation Awards , and Special Recognition by the National Board of Review . The film was directed by Patricia Cardoso , and stars a young America Ferrera as protagonist Ana García . The film is based on a play ( of the same title ) written by Josefina Lopez , who co-authored the screenplay for the film with producer George LaVoo . According to the Sundance Institute , the film gives a voice to young women who are struggling to love themselves and find respect in the United States .

neg: Jennifer Bliman Jennifer Bliman is an orchestral French horn player based in the Los Angeles area . She is currently the principal horn player of the San Fernando Valley Symphony Orchestra . Bliman was a performer at Disneyland as a musician and gymnast where she played her horn and tumbled down Main Street , U.S.A. . In 2009 , Bliman began performing a one-woman horn act in the Royal Room Lounge at the Canoga Bowl in Winnetka , California . She later played for audiences in front of the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion and the Ahmanson Theatre at the Los Angeles Music Center . In 2012 , Bliman and her French horn act appeared on America 's Got Talent ( season 7 ) .   In addition to playing the horn , Bliman is also an actress having acted in stage productions as well as US national commercials , TV , and film . Credits include Fame ( 2009 film ) , Glee ( TV series ) , Modern Family , Criminal Minds , and The Mentalist . Jennifer graduated from University of California , Los Angeles with a Bachelor of Arts degree as well as graduating from University of Southern California with a Master of Music .

neg: Jenn Shaw Jennifer Jeanine Shaw ( born September 15 , 1983 ) is an American film director and producer

neg: Global Digital News Global Digital News ( GDN ) is a fake news venture group .   GDN `` released '' a `` news story '' supposedly by a local news station involving a string of homicides that took place on several islands throughout the South Pacific . In the videos , GDN speculated that the killings were related , and the story was picked up by several media news outlets . The series of reports was referred to as `` perfect getaways gone wrong , '' referencing the fact that murder victims were vacationing couples . Four reports total have been completed on the series .   As of August 4 , 2009 , the network 's YouTube channel was linked to from an ad on YouTube 's homepage for `` A Perfect Getaway '' , an upcoming movie , causing many people to suspect that the entire network is only a marketing scheme for the movie .   Although these suspicions are confirmed by performing a whois search on the `` official site '' , they are the truth . The registered owner of globaldigitalnews.org is Universal City Studios , better known as Universal Studios , a wholly owned subsidiary of NBC Universal , a distributor and production company on the upcoming film under the subsidiary Rogue Pictures .

neg: Holly Quin-Ankrah Holly Quin-Ankrah ( born 1987 ) is an actress from Warrington , England . She began her acting career as a teenager , playing Karen Young in the long-running CBBC drama series Grange Hill . She is also known for her lead role on the talent show drama Rock Rivals and a regular role as Cheryl Gray on Coronation Street between 2010 and 2011 .

neg: A Gun for Jennifer A Gun for Jennifer is a 1997 rape and revenge film directed by Todd Morris and starring Deborah Twiss . It follows a feminist vigilante group who castrate suspected rapists and batterers while a female police officer attempts to stop them . It is shot in a retro grindhouse style and premiered at the Fantasia Festival in July 1997 , where it was sold-out an hour before screening and received a standing ovation . The film has not left the festival circuit ; Fangoria reported that it had been picked up for distribution by Mondo Macabro , but the release never came to fruition .   The movie was covered in the documentary In the Belly of the Beast , which detailed Morris and Twiss 's discovery that their financier ( whom Twiss had met while working as an exotic dancer ) had been embezzling money .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: Quarantine (2008 film) Quarantine is a 2008 American found-footage supernatural horror film directed and co-written by John Erick Dowdle , produced by Sergio Aguero , Doug Davison , and Roy Lee , and co-written by Drew Dowdle , being a remake of the Spanish film REC . The film stars Jennifer Carpenter , Jay Hernandez , Columbus Short , Greg Germann , Steve Harris , Dania Ramirez , Rade Šerbedžija , and Johnathon Schaech .   Quarantine features no actual composition , it is `` scored '' by sound effects . In comparison to REC , it features several differences such as added and excluded scenes and characters , dialogue , and a different explanation for the virus .   The film was released by Sony 's subsidiary Screen Gems on October 10 , 2008 . It received polarizingly favorable reviews from critics and was a general box office success . The film was followed by a sequel , Quarantine 2 : Terminal ( 2011 ) .

neg: Jennifer Smith (General Hospital) Jennifer Smith is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera , General Hospital . She is the daughter of notorious mobster , Frank Smith , and known for her broken engagement with Luke Spencer . Lisa Marie portrayed the character in 1980 , Roseanne Arnold in 1994 , Sally Struthers in February 2002 , and Holly Gagnier in June 2015 .

neg: Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles .   Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems .   Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .

neg: Under Cover (film) Under Cover ( also known as Fires Within ) is a 1987 film directed by John Stockwell . It stars David Neidorf and Jennifer Jason Leigh .

neg: Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic .   Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .

neg: Jennifer Freeman Jennifer Nichole Freeman ( born October 20 , 1985 ) is an American actress , often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman . She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom My Wife and Kids .

neg: The Face on the Milk Carton (film) The Face on the Milk Carton is a 1995 made for television movie based on the book written by Caroline B. Cooney . The movie stars Kellie Martin as Jennifer Sands/Janie Jessmon , a 16-year-old girl who finds her face on the back of a milk carton and puts the pieces of her past together .

neg: Seinfeld: A XXX Parody Seinfeld : A XXX Parody is a 2009 American pornographic situation comedy film that parodies the American television sitcom Seinfeld which ran from 1989 until 1998 . Like other porn parodies , it has the same characters , settings and other production elements of the original show but adds an explicitly sexual element that was not present in the series . Written by A.J. Slater and directed by Lee Roy Myers , the plot is based on the episode `` The Soup Nazi '' . The film stars James Deen , Kristina Rose , Eric John , Steve Pomerantz , Evan Stone , Ashlynn Brooke , London Keyes , Natalie Horton , Tony Disergio , Sasha Grey , Sadie West and Cassandra Calogera . Released to DVD on June 29 , 2009 , the movie received positive reviews from critics , who enjoyed the acting , casting , sexual content and comedy . In addition to the positive reception , it also earned ten nominations at the 27th AVN Awards .

neg: James Deen Bryan Matthew Sevilla ( born February 7 , 1986 ) , better known by the stage name James Deen , is an American pornographic actor and director .   He entered the porn industry in 2004 at the age of 18 . He has gained attention due to his relatively slender build , lack of tattoos and everyman appeal , bucking the stereotypical image of hypermasculine male actors in the pornography industry . In late 2015 , multiple women came forward with allegations of sexual misconduct including nonconsensual sexual activity .

neg: Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs .   Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .

neg: The One with the Apothecary Table `` The One with the Apothecary Table '' is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of the American television situation comedy Friends , which was broadcast on NBC on January 6 , 2000 . The plot concerns Rachel ( Jennifer Aniston ) buying an apothecary table from Pottery Barn and trying to keep roommate Phoebe ( Lisa Kudrow ) from finding out that she bought it from a chain store .   The episode was directed by Kevin S. Bright , written by Brian Boyle ( from a story by Zachary Rosenblatt ) and guest-stars Elle Macpherson in her final appearance as recurring character Janine Lecroix . The episode and producers attracted criticism for the blatant product placement present in the story .

neg: Advantageous Advantageous is a 2015 American drama film directed by Jennifer Phang and written by Jacqueline Kim and Jennifer Phang . The film stars Jacqueline Kim , James Urbaniak , Freya Adams , Ken Jeong , Jennifer Ehle , and Samantha Kim . The film was released exclusively to Netflix on June 23 , 2015 .