query: Mauritius was a Dutch colony.

pos: Mauritius Mauritius ( -LSB- məˈrɪʃəs -RSB- or -LSB- məˈrɪʃiːəs -RSB- Maurice ) , officially the Republic of Mauritius ( République de Maurice ) , is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2000 km off the southeast coast of the African continent . The country includes the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues -LSB- 560 km east of Mauritius -RSB- , and the outer islands ( Agaléga , St. Brandon and two disputed territories ) . The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues form part of the Mascarene Islands , along with nearby Réunion , a French overseas department . The area of the country is 2,040 km2 . The capital and largest city is Port Louis . Formerly a Dutch colony ( 1638 -- 1710 ) and a French colony ( 1715 -- 1810 ) , Mauritius became a British colonial possession in 1810 and remained so until 1968 , the year in which it attained independence . The government uses English as its main language .   The sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago is disputed between Mauritius and the United Kingdom ( UK ) . The UK excised the archipelago from Mauritian territory in 1965 , three years prior to Mauritian independence . The UK gradually depopulated the archipelago 's indigenous population and leased its biggest island , Diego Garcia , to the United States . Access to the archipelago is prohibited to casual tourists , the media , and its former inhabitants . Mauritius also claims sovereignty over Tromelin Island from France .   The people of Mauritius are multiethnic , multi-religious , multicultural and multilingual . The island 's government is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system , and Mauritius is highly ranked for democracy and for economic and political freedom . Along with the other Mascarene Islands , Mauritius is known for its varied flora and fauna , with many species endemic to the island . The island is widely known as the only known home of the dodo , which , along with several other avian species , was made extinct by human activities relatively shortly after the island 's settlement . Mauritius is the only country in Africa where Hinduism is the largest religion .

neg: Belgium Belgium ( -LSB- ˈbɛldʒəm -RSB- België -LSB- ˈbɛlɣijə -RSB- ; Belgique -LSB- bɛlʒik -RSB- ; Belgien -LSB- ˈbɛlɡi̯ən -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch-speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French-speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany .   Historically , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg ( along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany ) were known as the Low Countries ; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states . The region was called Belgica in Latin , after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica . From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century , the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture . From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830 , when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands , the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers , causing it to be dubbed the `` Battlefield of Europe , ''  a reputation strengthened by both world wars .   Today , Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . It is divided into three regions and three communities , that exist next to each other . Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia . The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) enclave within the Flemish Region .  A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia .  Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .   Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution  and , during the course of the 20th century , possessed a number of colonies in Africa . The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia . This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms , resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993 . Despite the reforms , tensions between the groups have remained , if not increased ; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish ; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities ; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election , a world record . Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and hosts the official seats of the European Commission , Council of the European Union , and European Council , as well as a seat of the European Parliament in the country 's capital , Brussels . Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone , NATO , OECD and WTO , and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union . Its capital , Brussels , hosts several of the EU 's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a member of , or affiliated to , many international organizations , including ACCT , AfDB , AsDB , Australia Group , Benelux , BIS , CCC , CE , CERN , EAPC , EBRD , EIB , EMU , ESA , EU , FAO , G-10 , IAEA , IBRD , ICAO , ICC , ICRM , IDA , IDB , IEA , IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO , ILO , IMF , IMO , IMSO , Intelsat , Interpol , IOC , IOM , ISO , ITU , MONUC ( observers ) , NATO , NEA , NSG , OAS ( observer ) , OECD , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN , UNCTAD , UNECE , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK , UNMOGIP , UNRWA , UNTSO , UPU , WADB ( non-regional ) , WEU , WHO , WIPO , WMO , WTrO , ZC . Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area . Belgium is a developed country , with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as `` very high '' in the Human Development Index .

neg: Mauritian literature The island of Mauritius is home to many languages , and Mauritian literature exists in French , English , Creole and Indian languages . Major themes in Mauritian literature include exoticism , multiracialism and miscegenation , racial and social conflicts , indianocéanisme , and -- more recently -- post-modernism and post-structuralism currents , such as coolitude .   After independence in 1968 writers like Dev Virahsawmy reactivated creole language , then considered as a `` patois , '' and wrote literature , especially drama . The new generation of writers has expressed persistent concern with structure and more global themes .   While Kreol Morisyen is the most spoken language on in Mauritius , most of the literature is written in French , although many authors write in English , Bhojpuri , and Morisyen . Mauritius 's renowned playwright Dev Virahsawmy writes exclusively in Morisyen .   Important authors include Malcolm de Chazal , Ananda Devi , Raymond Chasle , and Edouard Maunick . Lindsey Collen has been able to carve out a meeting of imaginaries in the unique social setup of this multi-faceted country . Other younger writers like Shenaz Patel , Natacha Appanah , Sabah Carrim , Alain Gordon-Gentil and Carl de Souza explore the issues of ethnicity , superstition and politics in the novel . Poet and critic Khal Torabully has put forward the concept of `` coolitude , '' a poetics that results from the blend of Indian and Mauritian cultural diversity . Other poets include Hassam Wachill , Edouard Maunick , Sedley Assone , Yusuf Kadel and Umar Timol .   J. M. G. Le Clézio , who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2008 , is of Mauritian heritage and holds dual French-Mauritian citizenship .   The island plays host to the Le Prince Maurice Prize , a literary award celebrating and recognizing ` writers of the heart ' . The award is designed to highlight the literary love story in all its forms rather than for pure Romantic Fiction . In keeping with the island 's literary culture the prize alternates on a yearly basis between English-speaking and French-speaking writers .

neg: Colony of Natal The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa . It was proclaimed a British colony on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia , and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa , as one of its provinces . It is now the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa .   It was originally only about half the size of the present province , with the north-eastern boundaries being formed by the Tugela and Buffalo rivers beyond which lay the independent Kingdom of Zululand ( KwaZulu in Zulu ) .   Fierce conflict with the Zulu population led to the evacuation of Durban , and eventually the Boers accepted British annexation in 1844 under military pressure . A British governor was appointed to the region and many settlers emigrated from Europe and the Cape Colony . The British established a sugar cane industry in the 1860s . Farm owners had a difficult time attracting Zulu labourers to work on their plantations , so the British brought thousands of indentured labourers from India . As a result of the importation of Indian labourers , Durban became the home to the largest concentration of Indians outside of India .

neg: French colonial empire The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies , protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward . A distinction is generally made between the `` first colonial empire '' , that existed until 1814 , by which time most of it had been lost , and the `` second colonial empire '' , which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 . The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam ( 1955 ) and Algeria ( 1962 ) , and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960 .   Competing with Spain , Portugal , the United Provinces , and later Britain , France began to establish colonies in North America , the Caribbean , and India in the 17th century . A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests . France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850 , concentrating chiefly in Africa , as well as Indochina and the South Pacific . Republicans , at first hostile to empire , only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire . As it developed the new empire took on roles of trade with France , especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items , as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language , and the Catholic religion . It also provided manpower in the World Wars .   It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture . In 1884 the leading proponent of colonialism , Jules Ferry declared ; `` The higher races have a right over the lower races , they have a duty to civilize the inferior races . '' Full citizenship rights -- assimilation -- were offered , although in reality `` assimilation was always receding -LSB- and -RSB- the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens . '' France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire , contrary to Great Britain , and previously Spain and Portugal , with the only notable exception of Algeria , where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority .   At its apex , it was one of the largest empires in history . Including metropolitan France , the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11500000 km2 in 1920 , with a population of 110 million people in 1939 . In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . Historian Tony Chafer argues : `` In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation , France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War . '' However , after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority . The French constitution of October 27 , 1946 ( Fourth Republic ) , established the French Union which endured until 1958 . Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic . These now total altogether 119,394 km ² ( 46,098 sq. miles ) , which amounts to only 1 % of the pre-1939 French colonial empire 's area , with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013 . By the 1970s , says Robert Aldrich , the last `` vestiges of empire held little interest for the French . '' He argues , `` Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria , however , what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed . ''

neg: Colombo Dutch Museum The Colombo Dutch Museum is a museum that covers the history of the Dutch colonial rule in Sri Lanka .   The two storey colonnaded building on Prince Street , Pettah ( Colombo 11 ) which houses this museum was constructed during the Dutch occupation of Colombo ( 1656 - 1796 ) and was the formal residence of the Governor of Dutch Ceylon Thomas van Rhee ( 1634 - 1701 ) during his term of office in 1692 to 1697 . The building has been used for many different purposes over the years . It was a teacher training college and an institute for the instruction of clergymen between 1696 and 1796 . At one time it was the residence of Colonel Count August Carl Fredrick Von Ranzow ( 1759 - 1844 ) . It operated as an orphanage under the supervision of the deacons and financed by the Dutch East Indies Company . It was also used as a hospital . It became a barracks in the second half of the 1800s and in 1900 it was used as a police training school , set up by the British . In 1932 it was converted to the Pettah Post Office . In 1971 following heavy monsoon rains one of the exterior walls collapsed and the building was abandoned . Following protests by the Royal Asiatic Society and the Dutch Burgher Union against plans to demolish the building , in 1973 a committee was established with representatives from the Ceylon Tourist Board , the Department of Archaeology , the Netherlands Alumni Association of Lanka and the National Archives , to restore the building and establish a museum covering the Dutch colonial period .   The restoration of the building commenced in 1977 , with financial assistance of Netherlands government , and was completed in 1981 . This museum was opened to the public in 1982 . This building embodies the unique architectural features of a colonial Dutch town house . The museum while displaying the Dutch legacy with the artefacts including furniture , ceramics , coins and weaponry , portraying the various facets of contemporary life and culture .

neg: Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were a series of English laws that restricted colonial trade to England . They were first enacted in 1651 and throughout that time until 1663 , and were repealed in 1849 . They reflected the policy of mercantilism , which sought to keep all the benefits of trade inside the Empire , and to minimize the loss of gold and silver to foreigners . They prohibited the colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands , Spain , France , and their colonies . The original ordinance of 1651 was renewed at the Restoration by Acts of 1660 , 1663 , 1670 , and 1673 , with subsequent minor amendments . The Acts formed the basis for English overseas trade for nearly 200 years . Additionally the Acts restricted the employment of non-English sailors to a quarter of the crew on returning East India Company ships .   The major impetuses for the Navigation Acts were the ruinous deterioration of English trade in the aftermath of the Eighty Years ' War , and the concomitant lifting of the Spanish embargoes on trade between the Spanish Empire and the Dutch Republic . The end of the embargoes in 1647 unleashed the full power of the Amsterdam Entrepôt and other Dutch competitive advantages in world trade . Within a few years , English merchants had practically been overwhelmed in the trade in the Iberian Peninsula , the Mediterranean and the Levant . Even the trade with English colonies ( partly still in the hands of the royalists , as the English Civil War was in its final stages and the Commonwealth of England had not yet imposed its authority throughout the English colonies ) was `` engrossed '' by Dutch merchants . English direct trade was crowded out by a sudden influx of commodities from the Levant , Mediterranean and the Spanish and Portuguese empires , and the West Indies via the Dutch Entrepôt , carried in Dutch ships and for Dutch account .   The obvious solution seemed to be to seal off the English and Scottish markets to these unwanted imports . A precedent was the Act the Greenland Company had obtained from Parliament in 1645 prohibiting the import of whale products into England , except in ships owned by that company . This principle was now generalised . In 1648 the Levant Company petitioned Parliament for the prohibition of imports of Turkish goods '' ... from Holland and other places but directly from the places of their growth . '' Baltic traders added their voices to this chorus . In 1650 the Standing Council for Trade and the Council of State of the Commonwealth prepared a general policy designed to impede the flow of Mediterranean and colonial commodities via Holland and Zeeland into England .   On the whole , the Acts of Trade and Navigation were obeyed , except for the Molasses Act of 1733 , which led to extensive smuggling because no effective means of enforcement was provided until the 1750s . Stricter enforcement under the Sugar Act of 1764 became one source of resentment of Great Britain by merchants in the American colonies . This in turn helped push the colonies to start the American Revolution in the late 18th century , even though the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the `` costs imposed on -LSB- American -RSB- colonists by the trade restrictions of the Navigation Acts were small . ''

neg: Mauritius (Commonwealth realm) The Commonwealth realm of Mauritius , officially known as `` Mauritius '' , was a predecessor to the modern-day Republic of Mauritius and an independent state that existed between 1968 and 1992 .   When British rule ended in 1968 , the Mauritius Independence Act 1968 transformed the British Crown Colony of Mauritius into an independent sovereign Commonwealth realm . The British monarch , Elizabeth II , remained head of state . Mauritius shared the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms . The monarch 's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Mauritius . The royal succession was governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701 . During the Commonwealth realm phase , the following governors-general held office :   Sir John Shaw Rennie ( 12 March -- 27 August 1968 )  Sir Michel Rivalland ( 27 August -- 3 September 1968 )  Sir Leonard Williams ( 3 September 1968 -- 27 December 1972 )  Sir Raman Osman ( 27 December 1972 -- 31 October 1977 )  Sir Henry Garrioch ( 31 October 1977 -- 26 April 1979 )  Sir Dayendranath Burrenchobay ( 26 April 1979 -- 28 December 1983 )  Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam ( 28 December 1983 -- 15 December 1985 )  Sir Cassam Moollan ( 15 December 1985 -- 17 January 1986 ) ( acting )  Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo ( 17 January 1986 -- 12 March 1992 )   Seewoosagur Ramgoolam and then Sir Anerood Jugnauth held office as Prime Minister of Mauritius .   Elizabeth II visited Mauritius 24 -- 26 March 1972 in her capacity as Queen of Mauritius .   The Republic of Mauritius was proclaimed on 12 March 1992 . It is the most recent former Commonwealth realm to become a republic within the Commonwealth . Following the abolition of the monarchy , the last Governor General of Mauritius , Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo became the first President of Mauritius .

neg: Supreme Court of the Netherlands The Supreme Court of the Netherlands ( Hoge Raad der Nederlanden -LSB- ˈɦoːɣə raːdɛr ˈneːdərlɑndə ( n ) -RSB- , literally `` High Council of the Netherlands '' ) is one of the highest courts of the Netherlands , Curaçao , Sint Maarten and Aruba . The Court was established on 1 October 1838 and sits in The Hague , Netherlands .   The Court has exclusive final jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters . In certain administrative cases it has final jurisdiction as well , while in other cases this jurisdiction rests with the adjudicative division of the Council of State , the Central Appeals Tribunal , the Trade and Industry Appeals Tribunal as well as judicial institutions in the Caribbean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The Court is a court of cassation , which means that it has the competence to quash or affirm rulings of lower courts , but no competence to re-examine or question the facts . It only considers whether the lower courts applied the law correctly and the rulings have sufficient reasoning . In so doing it establishes case law . According to Article 120 of the Constitution , courts may not rule on the constitutionality of laws passed by the States General and treaties . With the exception of constitutional Court of Sint Maarten courts ( which rules on constitutionality with regards to the Sint Maarten constitution only ) have thus no competence for judicial review with respect to the Constitution .   The Supreme Court currently consists of 36 judges : a president , 6 vice-presidents , 25 justices ( , literally `` Lords of the Council '' ) and 4 justices in exceptional service . All judges are appointed for life , until they retire at their own request or mandatorily at the age of 70 .

neg: Dirk Jansz Smient Dirk Jansz Smient was governor of Mauritius in the new settlement at Grand Port from 1666 to 1669 , when he returned to Cape of Good Hope . He was replaced by George Frederik Wreede . In November 1676 he led a punitive expedition from Cape Town to a group of Hottentots led by Chief Goenema , which failed as they could not be located .

neg: Sint Maarten Sint Maarten ( -LSB- sɪnt ˈmaːrtə ( n ) -RSB- ) is an island country in the Caribbean . It is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . With a population of 33,609 on an area of 34 km2 , it encompasses the southern 40 % of the divided island of Saint Martin , while the northern 60 % of the island constitutes the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin . Its capital is Philipsburg .   Before 10 October 2010 , Sint Maarten was known as the Island Territory of Sint Maarten ( Eilandgebied Sint Maarten ) , and was one of five island territories ( eilandgebieden ) that constituted the Netherlands Antilles .

neg: MSM/MMM The Militant Socialist Movement/Mauritian Militant Movement ( MSM/MMM ) is coalition party that formed the government of the Republic of Mauritius from September 2000 to July 2005 . The coalition has been reformed in April 2012 after an electoral agreement between the Militant Socialist Movement ( MSM ) and Mauritian Militant Movement ( MMM ) was made with Sir Anerood Jugnauth as leader . The agreements remain the same , 30 seats for the MMM and 30 seats for the MSM . It has also been conveyed that SAJ would be prime minister for 3 years and Paul Berenger would take over for the rest of the parliamentary term if the coalition wins the next general elections . It has also been agreed that Pravind Jugnauth who is leader of the MSM will not be in the Front Bench of the coalition in an eventual government of the MSM/MMM . This is because he has been provisionally charged with using office for gratification by the Independent Commission Against Corruption . He will therefore seat as a back-bencher until he is dismissed from all accusations .   The coalition which was firstly made in 2000 , was known as the `` Medpoint Deal '' and was formed by former Prime Minister and President Sir Anerood Jugnauth on 14 August 2000 . It was the most famous political alliance that Mauritian Politics ever had . It was the first time that the country was experience a social change , Paul Berenger would become Prime Minister out of this deal and would be the first-non Hindu to hold such powerful post .   The deal was to join the two leaders of the two parties . The MSM leader Sir Anerood Jugnauth & MMM leader Paul Berenger . As a misconception and with a battle for the leadership of the MSM after Sir Anerood retired , Pravind Jugnauth and Ashok Jugnauth both fought to become the party 's next leader.At the end Ashock moved out and formed his own party namely National Union ( UN ) and went forward with Paul Berenger and formed the new alliance MMM/UN . In July 2005 , the MSM/MMM coalition went together for general elections and became the opposition party , but in 2006 they ended the deal and MSM became alone party while MMM took hands with UN .   The MMM/MSM coalition won the local council elections held on December 9 , 2012 . They obtained a total of 53 councilors against 36 for the government party Mauritian Labour Party and one for the Mauritian Movement Social Democrats . They will therefore administer the cities namely Port-Louis , Quatre Bornes and Rose Hill while the only city administered by the government will be Vacoas-Phoenix . Please note that the city of Curepipe is under a deadlock with 7 councillors elected from the MMM/MSM coalition , 7 councillors elected under the banner of the Labour Party and 1 elected under the Mauritian Movement Social Democrats . The deadlock will therefore be handled as soon as negotiations are made and an agreement is obtained .

neg: Afro-Surinamese Afro-Surinamese or Black Surinamese are the inhabitants of Suriname of Sub-Saharan African ancestry . They are usually divided into two groups , the Creole people and the Maroons . The Surinamese Creoles are the mixed-race descendants of African slaves and Europeans . The Maroons were runaway slaves who formed independent settlements together . They maintained vestiges of African culture and language .   Afro-Surinamese scholar , Gloria Wekker , argues , for example , that working-class Afro-Surinamese women retained pre-colonial African cultural understandings of gender , sexuality , and spirituality . She , and other theorists , argue that African cultural retentions are found most often in Afro-diasporic communities that either had irregular contact with dominant groups of the host community or that shielded their cultural retentions from their colonizers . As Wekker observes , Surinamese slaves socialized , communicated , and communed with little white cultural , social , or linguistic interference .

neg: Asian South Africans The majority of Asian South Africans are of Indian origin , most of whom are descended from indentured workers transported to work in the 19th century on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area , then known as Natal . They are largely English speaking , although many also retain the languages of their ancestors . There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans ( approximately 300,000 individuals ) , of whom the great majority are recent immigrants of the last two decades .   In total the 1.2 million Asians in South Africa represent about two percent of the nation 's population . Most are of Indian or South Asian origin , although there is also a rapidly increasing number of people of Chinese , who were sometimes classified as Coloured ( mixed race ) , `` Other '' , or at least partially as `` White '' under Apartheid ) . Traditionally , the group does not include the `` Cape Malays '' , who were descended ( at least in part ) from South East Asians , who were classified as `` Coloured '' under apartheid .   The term Indian is far more commonly used than Asian in South Africa , although examples of both usages can be found .

neg: Demographics of Mauritius This article is about the demographic features of the population of Mauritius , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population .   Mauritian society includes people from many different ethnic groups . A majority of the republic 's residents are the descendants of people from the Indian subcontinent . Mauritius also contains substantial populations from continental Africa , China , France , Great Britain , Madagascar and South Africa among other places .

neg: Dutch East India Company The United East India Company or the United East Indian Company , also known as the United East Indies Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie in modern spelling ; VOC ) , referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company , or sometimes known as the Dutch East Indies Company , was originally established as a chartered company in 1602 , when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade . It is often considered to be the world 's first truly transnational corporation and the first company in history to issue bonds and shares of stock to the general public . In other words , the VOC was officially the first publicly traded company of the world , because it was the first company to be ever actually listed on an official stock exchange . As the first historical model of the quasi-fictional concept of the megacorporation , the VOC possessed quasi-governmental powers , including the ability to wage war , imprison and execute convicts , negotiate treaties , strike its own coins , and establish colonies .   The company was also considered by many to be the very first major and the most successful corporation in history . Statistically , the VOC eclipsed all of its rivals in international trade for almost 200 years of existence . Between 1602 and 1796 the VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in the Asia trade on 4,785 ships , and netted for their efforts more than 2.5 million tons of Asian trade goods . By contrast , the rest of Europe combined sent only 882,412 people from 1500 to 1795 , and the fleet of the English ( later British ) East India Company , the VOC 's nearest competitor , was a distant second to its total traffic with 2,690 ships and a mere one-fifth the tonnage of goods carried by the VOC . The VOC enjoyed huge profits from its spice monopoly through most of the 17th century .   Having been set up in 1602 , to profit from the Malukan spice trade , in 1619 the VOC established a capital in the port city of Jayakarta , changing the name to Batavia ( now Jakarta ) . Over the next two centuries the Company acquired additional ports as trading bases and safeguarded their interests by taking over surrounding territory . It remained an important trading concern and paid an 18 % annual dividend for almost 200 years .   Due to structural changes , the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and French invasion of the Netherlands , the company was nationalised in 1800 , its possessions and the debt being taken over by the government of the Dutch Batavian Republic . The VOC 's territories became the Dutch East Indies and were expanded over the course of the 19thcentury to include the whole of the Indonesian archipelago , which would later become the modern Republic of Indonesia .

neg: Mauritius Labour Congress The Mauritius Labour Congress is a national trade union center in Mauritius . It was created in 1963 from a merger of the Mauritius Trade Union Congress and the Mauritius Confederation of Free Trade Unions .   The MLC is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation .

neg: East Indies theatre of the French Revolutionary Wars The East Indies theatre of the French Revolutionary Wars was a series of campaigns related to the major European conflict known as the French Revolutionary Wars , fought between 1793 and 1801 between the new French Republic and its allies and a shifting alliance of rival powers . Although the Indian Ocean was separated by vast distance from the principal theatre of the conflict in Western Europe , it played a significant role due to the economic importance of the region to Great Britain , France 's most constant opponent , of its colonies in India and the Far Eastern trade .   Protection of British interests in the region fell primarily to the Royal Navy , supported by the military forces of the East India Company . Naval strategy sought to eliminate enemy forces in the region and provide convoy protection to the large East Indiamen merchant ships and smaller company ships which transported goods and wealth between Britain and its Asian colonies and trade partners . The French Navy maintained commerce raiding operations in the region throughout the war ; particularly light frigate squadrons and privateers deployed in an effort to disrupt British trade , supported as the conflict developed by the allies the French accrued in the course of the war , particularly the Batavian Republic and Spain .   At the declaration of war on Britain by the newly formed French Republic on 1 February 1793 , British forces in the Indian Ocean held a considerably stronger military position , which was immediately utilised to seize the French territories in India . The remaining French forces continued operating from their base on the remote island of Île de France , privateers in particular conducting a highly disruptive campaign against British commerce . Attempts by the Royal Navy , commanded by Rear-Admiral Peter Rainier , to limit their effectiveness resulted in a number of inconsequential clashes and a partial blockade of the French islands . In 1795 the declaration of war on Britain by the newly formed Batavian Republic led to successful invasions of the Batavian colonies of Dutch Ceylon , the Dutch Cape Colony and operations against the Dutch East Indies .   In 1796 British control of the region was challenged by a large and powerful French frigate squadron sent to the Indian Ocean under Contre-amiral Pierre César Charles de Sercey . Sercey 's squadron operated against British trade for two years with little success ; attempts to raid the China trade and coordinate with a Spanish Navy squadron at Manila in the Philippines all ending in failure . Growing resentment on Île de France at the cost of maintaining the squadron eventually required most of the ships to return to France . The survivors , forced to operate independently , were subsequently defeated and captured by the Royal Navy in a series of individual engagements in 1799 . By 1800 British control of the Indian Ocean was again assured , Rainier deploying his ships in trade protection duties and in the Red Sea to support the invasion of Egypt in 1801 . At the end of the war in 1802 the Peace of Amiens reverted the situation in the region to its pre-war state , Britain returning all seized colonies except for Ceylon .

neg: Barclays Bank Mauritius An ancestor of Barclays Bank , National Bank of South Africa , first entered Mauritius in 1919 . In 1925 , National Bank of South Africa was merged with the Anglo-Egyptian Bank and the Colonial Bank in 1925 to form Barclays Bank ( Dominion , Colonial and Overseas ) . This brought the Mauritian operations under Barclays Bank . Since then , Barclays Bank Mauritius has grown to be the third largest bank in Mauritius , after Mauritius Commercial Bank and State Bank of Mauritius , with 25 branches and a market share of about 10-12 % .   In 2002 , Barclays Bank Mauritius bought Banque Nationale de Paris Intercontinentale ( BNPI ) . This acquisition brought with it 6 branches to add to Barclays ' existing 13 branches .   Barclays Bank Mauritius operated as a branch of Barclays Bank Plc until 1 June 2013 when it was locally incorporated as Barclays Bank Mauritius Limited ( `` BBML '' ) .   Mr Ravin Rao Dajee is currently the Managing Director .

neg: Governorate of Ambon Ambon was a governorate of the Dutch East India Company , consisting of Ambon Island and ten neighbouring islands . Steven van der Hagen captured Fort Victoria on 22 February 1605 from the Portuguese in the name of the Dutch East India Company . Until 1619 , Ambon served as the capital of the Dutch possessions in East Asia . In that year Batavia was founded to function as the staple port for the Dutch East India Company in Asia . The island was the world center of clove production until the 19th century . The Dutch prohibited the rearing of the clove-tree in all the other islands subject to their rule , in order to secure the monopoly to Ambon .

neg: Pieter Both (mountain) Pieter Both is the second highest mountain of Mauritius , at 820 metres tall . The mountain is shorter than Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire by eight meters . It is named after Pieter Both , the first Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies . It is located in the Moka Range . The notable feature of this mountain is the gigantic rock formation at the very top of it , which resembles a human head .   To climb the mountain following the main ridge takes about an hour , and is mildly difficult . It is mainly a scramble , and being exposed , a rope is advised . The dramatic boulder on the pinnacle is about 9 metres in diameter , and has several iron spikes fixed to it to aid climbing to the top . The top is flat and about six feet across .


query: The 79th Academy Awards took place on February 25th, 2007.

pos: 79th Academy Awards The 79th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2006 and took place February 25 , 2007 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Laura Ziskin and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actress Ellen DeGeneres hosted for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 10 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Maggie Gyllenhaal .   The Departed won four awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Martin Scorsese . Other winners included Pan 's Labyrinth with three , An Inconvenient Truth , Dreamgirls , and Little Miss Sunshine with two , and Babel , The Blood of Yingzhou District , The Danish Poet , Happy Feet , The Last King of Scotland , Letters from Iwo Jima , The Lives of Others , Marie Antoinette , Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest , The Queen , and West Bank Story with one . The telecast garnered nearly 40 million viewers in the United States .

neg: American Music Awards of 1975 The 2nd Annual American Music Awards were held on February 18 , 1975 .

neg: 78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams .   Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .

neg: American Music Awards of 1980 The 7th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 18 , 1980 .

neg: 26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 .   The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name .   All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year .   William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .

neg: 48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . )   Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 .   French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation .   At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 .   Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .

neg: 1993 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards The 19th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in film for 1993 , were given on 11 December 1993 .

neg: 1975 Academy Awards 1975 Academy Awards may refer to :   47th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1975  48th Academy Awards , the 1976 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1975

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: 52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis .   Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .

neg: 13th Critics' Choice Awards The 13th Critics ' Choice Awards were given on 7 January 2008 to honor the finest achievements in 2007 filmmaking . D. L. Hughley hosted the event .

neg: List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award .   Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .

neg: 64th Golden Globe Awards 64thGolden Globe Awards  January 15 , 2007   Picture -- Drama :  Babel   Picture -- Musical or Comedy :  Dreamgirls   TV Series -- Drama :  Grey 's Anatomy   TV Series -- Musical or Comedy :  Ugly Betty   The 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards were aired on January 15 , 2007 . Some key dates announced by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association are :   The ceremony was broadcast live on NBC . Indicating the impact that animated films have had on the film industry , the Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced in early 2006 that a Golden Globe would be awarded for the Best Animated Feature for the first time at this award ceremony .   Dreamgirls won the most awards , with 3 ( including Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy ) . Babel , received the most nominations , with 7 ( only winning 1 , for Best Motion Picture -- Drama ) .

neg: 1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to :   57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985  58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985

neg: 2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) .  MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year .   This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' .  Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .

neg: 8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' .   The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later .   Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor .   This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .

neg: American Music Awards of 1992 The 19th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 27 , 1992 .

neg: Gotham Independent Film Awards 2007 The 17th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 27 , 2007 . The nominees were announced on October 22 , 2007 . The ceremony was hosted by Sarah Jones .

neg: 6th Saturn Awards The 6th Saturn Awards was the sixth ceremony in which media properties and personalities related to the science fiction , fantasy and horror which were released in the year 1977 were awarded by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The ceremony was held on February 24 of 1979 .

neg: 1988 Academy Awards 1988 Academy Awards may refer to :   60th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1988  61st Academy Awards , the 1989 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1988

neg: List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards .   The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .


query: David Simon was born in 1970.

pos: David Simon David Judah Simon ( born February 9 , 1960 ) is an American author , journalist , writer , and producer . He worked for the Baltimore Sun City Desk for twelve years ( 1982 -- 95 ) and wrote Homicide : A Year on the Killing Streets ( 1991 ) and co-wrote The Corner : A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood ( 1997 ) with Ed Burns . The former book was the basis for the NBC series Homicide : Life on the Street ( 1993 -- 99 ) , on which Simon served as a writer and producer . Simon adapted the latter book into the HBO mini-series The Corner ( 2000 ) .   He was the creator , executive producer , head writer , and show runner for all five seasons of the HBO television series The Wire ( 2002 -- 2008 ) . He adapted the non-fiction book Generation Kill into a television mini-series , and served as the show runner for the project . He was selected as one of the 2010 MacArthur Fellows and named an Utne Reader visionary in 2011 . Simon also created the HBO series Treme with Eric Overmyer , which aired for four seasons . Following Treme , Simon wrote the HBO mini-series Show Me a Hero with journalist William F. Zorzi , a colleague at The Baltimore Sun , and on The Wire .   In August 2015 , HBO commissioned two pilots from Simon 's company Blown Deadline Productions . The first drama , The Deuce , about the New York porn industry in the 1970s and 1980s , would star Maggie Gyllenhaal and co-producer James Franco with shooting in New York in the fall of 2015 . The second drama is an untitled program exploring a `` detailed examination of partisanship '' and money in Washington politics , to be co-produced with Carl Bernstein .

neg: Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin' Paul Simon in Concert : Live Rhymin ' is an album by Paul Simon , released in March 1974 by Columbia Records . It was recorded in the wake of the release of There Goes Rhymin ' Simon -- which produced a number of hit singles ( `` Kodachrome '' and `` Loves Me Like a Rock '' ) and radio staples ( as `` Something So Right '' and `` Take Me to the Mardi Gras '' ) during Simon 's 1973-74 tour , at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum , New York , July 10th , 1973 . However , the album presents a very truncated version of the concerts he performed on this tour , which consisted of up to 24 songs . The album fails to note where the performances were recorded , although according to liner notes in a later Simon compilation , `` Duncan '' is from a London concert and `` American Tune '' was recorded in New York City .   Simon was joined by Urubamba and the Jessy Dixon Singers , although the individual members are not identified either on the recording or on the liner notes . In addition to `` Jesus Is the Answer '' , included on the album , Jessy Dixon also performed `` What Do They Call Him '' on tour , while Urubamba performed the instrumentals `` Kacharpari '' and `` Death in Santa Cruz '' .   The album was Simon 's first live release and showed him performing Simon & Garfunkel songs solo in concert for the first time . The variety of songs and richness of styles helped with the album 's appeal . Most notable was Simon 's fascination with gospel , something that materialized in the arrangements on many of the songs , taking distance from Simon 's classical folk early style .   Near the end of the album , an audience member calls out for Simon to `` say a few words . '' He replies : `` Say a few words ? Well , let 's hope that we continue to live . ''   The album was a moderate success . It reached # 33 in the U.S. and was eventually certified gold by the RIAA . However , it failed to chart at all in the UK . Further , two of the live performances were released as a single as part of the promotion for the album : the breakthrough Simon & Garfunkel `` The Sound of Silence '' as the A-side , along with Simon 's debut single `` Mother and Child Reunion '' on the B-side .

neg: Simon Armstrong Simon Armstrong is a Welsh actor from Llanelli .

neg: Geoffrey Simon Geoffrey Simon ( born 3 July 1946 ) is an Australian conductor resident in London .

neg: Simón Bolívar (1969 film) Simón Bolívar is a 1969 Spanish drama film directed by Alessandro Blasetti . It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival .

neg: Joe Simon (musician) Joe Simon ( born September 2 , 1943 ) is an American chart-topping , Grammy Award winning , soul and R&B musician . A consistent presence on the US charts between 1964 and 1981 , Simon charted 51 U.S. Pop and R&B chart Hits between 1964 and 1981 , including eight times in the US top forty , and thirty-eight times in the top 40 of the US R&B charts , and 13 chart hits in Canada . His biggest hits included three number one entries on the US Billboard R&B chart : `` The Chokin ' Kind '' ( 1969 ) , `` Power Of Love '' ( 1972 ) , and `` Get Down , Get Down ( Get on the Floor ) '' ( 1975 ) .

neg: David Todd (producer) David Todd was born in Bristol , Pennsylvania . He began his career in the music industry at a small retail record store in New York around 1970 .

neg: Homeward Bound (song) `` Homeward Bound '' is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album , Parsley , Sage , Rosemary and Thyme ( 1966 ) , although it was recorded during the sessions for their second album Sounds of Silence and included on that album in the UK . Produced by Bob Johnston , the song was released as a single on January 19 , 1966 by Columbia Records . Written by Paul Simon , the song was composed in 1964 during his period in England . Away from his girlfriend , Kathy Chitty , while touring clubs , Simon felt depressed and homesick . He first penned the song on a scrap of paper at Widnes railway station .   `` Homeward Bound '' was the duo 's second single , the follow-up to their enormously successful breakthrough hit `` The Sound of Silence '' . It performed very well domestically , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 , remaining on the charts for 12 weeks . Internationally , the song performed best in Canada , where it hit number two ; it was also a top five hit in the Netherlands .

neg: Simons Simons is a surname . Notable people with the surname include :   Alan Simons ( born 1968 ) , Welsh goalkeeper  Alexandra Simons de Ridder ( born 1963 ) , German equestrian  Algie Martin Simons ( ( 1870 -- 1950 ) , American socialist journalist , newspaper editor and political activist  Andra Simons , Bermudian writer  Ann Simons ( born 1980 ) , Belgian judoka  Arthur D. Simons ( 1918 -- 1979 ) , U.S. Army Special Forces officer  Barbara Simons ( born 1941 ) , American computer scientist  Benjamin Simons , British theoretical physicist  Billy Simons ( born 1983 ) , American singer  Carlos Simons ( born 1954 ) , Turks and Caicos Islands lawyer  Charles Simons ( 1906 -- 1979 ) , Belgian footballer  Charles Casper Simons ( 1876 -- 1964 ) , American judge  Charles Earl Simons , Jr. ( 1916 -- 1999 ) , American judge  Charles-Mathias Simons ( 1802 -- 1874 ) , Luxembourg politician  Claude Simons , Jr. ( 1914 -- 1975 ) , American college sports coach  Claude Simons , Sr. ( 1887 -- 1943 ) , American college sports coach  Daniel Simons ( born 1969 ) , American psychologist and cognitive scientist  Dave Simons ( 1954 -- 2009 ) , American comic book artist  David G. Simons ( 1922 -- 2010 ) , American physician and Airforce pilot  Dot Simons ( 1912 -- 1996 ) , New Zealand sportswoman , sports journalist and writer  Doug Simons ( born 1966 ) , American baseball pitcher  Elwyn L. Simons ( born 1930 ) , American paleontologist  Eric Simons ( born 1962 ) , South African cricketer  Eva Simons ( born 1984 ) , Dutch singer-songwriter  Geoff Simons 1939 -- 2011 ) , British freelance writer  Heintje Simons ( born 1955 ) , Dutch singer and actor  Hellmuth Simons ( 1893 -- 1969 ) , German bacteriologist  Henry Calvert Simons ( 1899 -- 1948 ) , American economist  Howard Simons ( 1929 -- 1989 ) , American journalist  Hywel Simons ( born 1970 ) , Welsh actor  Jack Simons ( 1882 -- 1948 ) , Australian businessman and politician  James Harris Simons ( born 1938 ) , American mathematician and hedge fund-manager  Jan Simons ( 1925 -- 2006 ) , Canadian baritone  Jennifer Simons ( born 1953 ) , Surinamese politician  Jesse Simons ( 1917 -- 2006 ) , American labor arbitrator  Jim Simons ( 1950 -- 2005 ) , American professional golfer  Joe Simons ( born 1947 ) , Dutch ice hockey player  Johan Simons ( born 1946 ) , Dutch theatre director  John Simons , British radio executive  Jonathan Simons ( born 1958 ) , American physician and oncologist  Jozef Simons ( 1888 -- 1948 ) , Flemish writer and poet  Jud Simons ( 1904 -- 1943 ) , Dutch gymnast  Keneth Alden Simons ( 1913 -- 2004 ) , American electrical engineer  Kip Simons , American gymnast  Margaret Simons ( born 1960 ) , Australian journalist and writer  Marlise Simons , Dutch journalist for the New York Times  Matt Simons , American singer-songwriter and musician  May Wood Simons ( 1876 -- 1948 ) , American writer , teacher and socialist  Mel Simons ( 1900 -- 1974 ) , American baseball player  Menno Simons ( 1496 -- 1561 ) , Dutch Anabaptist  Moisés Simons ( 1889 -- 1945 ) , Cuban composer  Nancy Simons ( born 1938 ) , American swimmer  Nicholas Simons , Canadian politician  Netty Simons ( 1913 -- 1994 ) , American pianist , music editor , music educator and composer  Nina Simons ( born 1957 ) , American businesswoman  Paul E. Simons , American diplomat  Paullina Simons ( born 1953 ) , Russian author  Perla Simons ( born 1963 ) , Honduran politician  Peter Simons ( born 1950 ) , British philosopher  Peter D. Simons ( born 1964 ) , Canadian businessman  Rachel Simons ( 1914 -- 2004 ) , South African communist and trade unionist  Raf Simons ( born 1968 ) , Belgian fashion designer  Regillio Simons ( born 1973 ) , Dutch footballer  Renee Simons ( born 1972 ) , Canadian curler  Richard D. Simons ( born 1927 ) , New York state judge  Rita Simons ( born 1977 ) , English actress , singer and model  Robert Simons ( 1922 -- 2011 ) , English cricketer  Ronald C. Simons ( born 1935 ) , American psychiatrist and anthropologist  Rosearik Rikki Simons ( born 1970 ) , American voice actor and writer  Samuel Simons ( 1792 -- 1847 ) , American politician from Connecticut  Seymour Simons ( 1896 -- 1949 ) , American pianist , composer , orchestra leader , and radio producer  Shirley Simons ( 1897 -- 1963 ) , American architect  Simeon Simons ( 1759 -- 1853 ) , Native American bodyguard of George Washington  Simone Simons ( born 1985 ) , Dutch mezzo-soprano  Sylvana Simons  Timmy Simons ( born 1976 ) , Belgian footballer  Walter Simons ( 1861 -- 1937 ) , German lawyer and politician  William Simons ( born 1940 ) , Welsh actor

neg: Simon Pilton Simon Pilton is a songwriter and record producer . Best known for his work with David Jordan , achieving a number 4 in the UK Singles Chart with Sun Goes Down and a certified Gold album with David Jordan - Set The Mood , to which he contributed the tracks Sun Goes Down and Sweet prince .   In 2009 one of his songs ` Wanda ' was feature in the Eddie Izzard documentary ' I believe ' . He had previously worked with Eddie Izzard providing music for his stage show and subsequent DVD release ` Definite article '   In 2010 he was signed to Mike Chapmans publishing company Chapman Rocks .   recently he has been working with Suzi Quatro and Mike Chapman , writing and producing for Suzi 's forthcoming anthology ,

neg: Simon Turner (album) `` Simon Turner '' is the debut album of the singer and later film soundtrack composer Simon Fisher Turner . It was released in 1973 on UK Records . At the time Turner was being widely promoted in the UK pop press as a homegrown alternative to David Cassidy . The album featured a combination of covers , including David Bowie 's `` The Prettiest Star '' , and original songs mainly written by the producer Jonathan King .

neg: David Guido Pietroni David Guido Pietroni ( born 9 March 1970 in Genoa , Italy ) is an Italian artistic theatrical , music and film producer .

neg: Simon Yates (golfer) Simon Yates ( born 16 March 1970 ) is a Scottish golfer . Turning professional in 1989 , Yates relocated to Thailand after holidaying in Asia and deciding to base himself in the region . He has played on the Asian Tour since its first official season in 1995 . He placed third on the Asian Tour Order of Merit in both 1999 and 2004 and was one of the first ten players to reach career earnings of a million U.S. dollars on the tour .

neg: Simon Martin (artist) Simon Martin ( born Cheshire , England 1965 ) is an artist living and working in London .   Martin attended the Slade School of Fine Art , University College London , between 1985-89 . He has shown at White Columns , New York City , The Powerplant , Toronto and the Tate Triennial 2006 , at Tate Britain .

neg: List of terrorist incidents in 1970 This is a timeline of incidents in 1970 that have been labelled as `` terrorism '' and are not believed to have been carried out by a government or its forces ( see state terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism ) .   , 1970 -- 1972 : The Jewish Defense League was linked with a bomb explosion outside Aeroflot 's New York City office , and a detonation outside of Soviet cultural offices in Washington . Also a JDL member allegedly fired a rifle into the Soviet Union 's mission office at the United Nations . Two JDL members were convicted of bomb possession and burglary in a conspiracy to blow up the Long Island residence of the Soviet Mission to The Bronx .

neg: Simona Vinci Simona Vinci ( born March 6 , 1970 ) is an Italian writer .

neg: David A. Goldsmith David A. Goldsmith lives and works in the UK and Italy . His career in television spans the vast technological changes : from film to videotape ; from black & white to colour ; from terrestrial to satellite ; from the UK 's three national networks to the plethora of channels today ; from analogue to digital ; from 405 lines to High Definition . He moved through the ranks : from a Programme Assistant in educational television to a presenter of Ready Steady Go ! ; from film Location Manager at the newly formed Yorkshire TV to Programme Director ; from drama to current affairs ; from making documentaries in ITV to directing at ITN where he won a BAFTA award covering the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege .   Other experiences include : teaching at the then London College of Printing , TV production for the Metropolitan Police , directing the pan-European satellite experiment , setting up the BBC 's school of TV Journalism in Bucharest , starting the RGB news production Partnership , and as a Vice President at ScanSat Broadcasting launching its news department .   In 1993 he acted as an advisor to a start up television company in Hungary . Assisted in the production of a documentary about the British television industry .   His documentaries mainly in the field of human rights range : from the 1964 civil rights campaign in Mississippi to Amnesty International 's concern about the state of human rights in Mexico ; from following the Six-Day War in Jerusalem to the role of policewomen under the Equal Opportunities Act ; from World War I Old Contemptibles in Flanders to Hells Angels in Great Britain . His enthusiasm for the documentary led to his book The Documentary Makers published by RotoVision . Since 2006 he has been developing a film project to be shot in Venezuela .

neg: American Tune `` American Tune '' is a song by the American singer-songwriter Paul Simon . It was the third single from his third studio album , There Goes Rhymin ' Simon ( 1973 ) , released on Columbia Records . The song , a meditation on the American experience , is based on a melody line from a chorale from Johann Sebastian Bach 's St Matthew Passion . The song reached number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 .

neg: Simon Soussan Simon Soussan is an American music producer of the disco era of the 1980s . He produced Shalamar , Patti Brooks , Santa Esmeralda , Jessica Williams with Arpeggio and the electro group French Kiss , Romance , Charisma , Nicole Stone , Spice of Life , as well as recording with his namesake Simon Orchestra . Soussan scored hits with Jessica Williams `` Queen of Fools '' , and Arpeggio `` Love and Desire '' . While French Kiss had a hit with Panic ( French Kiss song ) . He founded Harem Records , devoted to disco music , which entered a joint venture 1985 Bluebonnet Records and a distribution agreement with RCA Records .

neg: One-Trick Pony (album) One-Trick Pony , Paul Simon 's fifth solo studio album , was released in 1980 . It was Simon 's first album for Warner Bros. . Records , and his first new studio album since 1975 's Still Crazy After All These Years . His back catalog from Columbia Records would also move to Warner Bros. as a result of his signing with the label .   Paul Simon 's One-Trick Pony was released concurrently with the film of the same name , in which Simon also starred . Despite their similarities , the album and film are musically distinct : each features different versions of the same songs , as well as certain songs that appear exclusively on either the film or the album . The album is best known for the Grammy-nominated track `` Late in the Evening '' which was a hit for Simon in 1980 , peaking at # 6 in the United States . Two of the tracks ( the title song and `` Ace in the Hole '' ) were recorded live at the Agora Theatre and Ballroom in Cleveland , Ohio in September 1979 . The rest are studio cuts .   A few of the session musicians appearing on the album also appeared in the movie as the character Jonah 's backing band : Eric Gale on lead guitar , Richard Tee on piano , Tony Levin on bass , and Steve Gadd on drums .   In 2004 , One-Trick Pony was remastered and re-released by Warner Bros. . Records . This reissue contains four bonus tracks , including `` Soft Parachutes '' and `` Spiral Highway '' ( an early version of `` How the Heart Approaches What It Yearns '' ) both of which were featured in the film but were missing from the original album release . Also included in the re-release were the outtake of `` All Because of You '' ( an early version of `` Oh Marion '' ) and `` Stranded in a Limousine '' , which originally appeared on the 1977 compilation Greatest Hits , Etc. . .

neg: Simon Heffer Simon James Heffer ( born 18 July 1960 ) is a British journalist , author and political commentator .


query: Prince did not live until the age of 57.

pos: Prince (musician) Prince Rogers Nelson ( June 7 , 1958 -- April 21 , 2016 ) was an American singer-songwriter , actor , multi-instrumentalist , philanthropist , dancer and record producer . He was a musical innovator who was known for his eclectic work , flamboyant stage presence , extravagant dress and makeup , and wide vocal range . His music integrates a wide variety of styles , including funk , rock , R&B , new wave , soul , psychedelia , and pop . He has sold over 100 million records worldwide , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He won seven Grammy Awards , an American Music Award , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award for the film Purple Rain . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 , his first year of eligibility . Rolling Stone ranked Prince at number 27 on its list of 100 Greatest Artists , `` the most influential artists of the rock & roll era '' .   Prince was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and developed an interest in music as a young child . He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. at the age of 18 , and released his debut album For You in 1978 . His 1979 album Prince went platinum , and his next three records -- Dirty Mind ( 1980 ) , Controversy ( 1981 ) , and 1999 ( 1982 ) -- continued his success , showcasing Prince 's prominently sexual lyrics and blending of funk , dance , and rock music . In 1984 , he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released Purple Rain , the soundtrack album to his eponymous 1984 film debut . It quickly became his most critically and commercially successful release , spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200 and selling over 20 million units worldwide . After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day ( 1985 ) and Parade ( 1986 ) , The Revolution disbanded , and Prince released the double album Sign o ' the Times ( 1987 ) as a solo artist . He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991 .   In 1993 , while in a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. , he changed his stage name to , an unpronounceable symbol also known as the `` Love Symbol '' , and began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations . He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before signing with Arista Records in 1998 . In 2000 , he began referring to himself as `` Prince '' again . He released 16 albums after that , including the platinum-selling Musicology ( 2004 ) . His final album , Hit n Run Phase Two , was first released on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 . Prince died from a fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park recording studio and home in Chanhassen , Minnesota , on April 21 , 2016 , at the age of 57 .

neg: Prince Jazzbo Linval Roy Carter ( 3 September 1951 -- 11 September 2013 ) , better known as Prince Jazzbo , was a Jamaican reggae and dancehall deejay and producer .

neg: Purple Medley `` Purple Medley '' is a song by American musician Prince from 1995 . There is no album accompanying the single . The track is a mix of many hits and well-known songs from Prince 's career . Some of the pieces of music are samples , while others are re-recorded for the mix . Some of the additional instrumentation is credited to The New Power Generation . The `` Purple Medley '' consists of snippets from the songs : `` Batdance '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Kiss '' , `` Erotic City '' , `` Darling Nikki '' , `` 1999 '' , `` Baby I 'm a Star '' , `` Diamonds and Pearls '' , `` Purple Rain '' and `` Let 's Go Crazy '' and fades for the edit . The full version continues with `` Sexy Dancer '' , `` Let 's Work '' , `` Irresistible Bitch '' ( with the music of `` Sexy MF '' ) , `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , `` Alphabet St. '' , `` Thieves in the Temple '' , the bassline to The Time 's `` 777-9311 '' , Sheila E. 's `` A Love Bizarre '' , `` If I Was Your Girlfriend '' , `` Raspberry Beret '' , `` Little Red Corvette '' , `` Cream '' and `` Peach '' .   The CD single release includes both the full version of the medley ( which clocks in at 11 minutes ) and the edited version , which is 3:14 in length , and omits about half of the tracks present in the full version . Despite , in essence , being a megamix of Prince 's biggest hits ( barring `` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World '' ) , the B-side of the single is `` Kirk J 's B-Sides Remix '' which consists of additional Prince hits remixed ( oddly , only one was an actual B-side ) . This track appears to have little additional input from Prince , but is rather a compilation of remixes made by band member Kirk Johnson . The compilation includes bits of `` Pop Life '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Shockadelica '' , `` Head '' and `` The Continental '' . The remix of `` The Continental '' was released in a longer version on the 1998 compilation Crystal Ball as `` Tell Me How U Wan na B Done '' .

neg: Prince Chun (純) Prince Chun of the First Rank , or simply Prince Chun , was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty ( 1644 -- 1912 ) . As the Prince Chun peerage was not awarded `` iron-cap '' status , this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank vis-à-vis that held by his predecessor . However , the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a feng ` en fuguo gong except under special circumstances .   The first bearer of the title was Lunghi ( 1660 -- 1679 ) , the Shunzhi Emperor 's seventh son . In 1674 , Lunghi was granted the title `` Prince Chun of the First Rank '' by his third brother , the Kangxi Emperor . After Lunghi 's death , the title was passed on to his infant son , Fu'erhulun ( 1679 -- 1681 ) , who died prematurely . The peerage thus ended with Fu'erhulun 's death .

neg: Prince of Darkness (Alice Cooper album) Prince of Darkness is a compilation album by Alice Cooper released in 1989 . There is no new material released on the album ; however the live version of `` Billion Dollar Babies '' ( Live ) was only released as the B-Side to the RCA single of `` He 's Back ( The Man Behind the Mask ) '' thus making this CD it 's only official digital release .

neg: List of The Prince of Tennis chapters The chapters of The Prince of Tennis manga series are written and illustrated by Takeshi Konomi , and were serialized in Japan 's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from July 1999 to March 2008 . A sequel to the series entitled New Prince of Tennis began serialization in Japan in the monthly magazine Jump Square on March 4 , 2009 . The story centers around a cocky tennis prodigy named Ryoma Echizen , who , upon his father 's urging , enrolls in a private middle school called Seishun Academy ( `` Seigaku '' for short ) , which , besides being famous for its strong tennis team , is his father 's alma mater . The storyline of the first manga series revolves around Seigaku striving to become the National middle school tennis champions , while the sequel takes place several months after their National victory .   The Prince of Tennis manga spans a total of 379 chapters ( 380 if chapter `` 0 '' is included ) , which have been collected into 42 tankōbon volumes . Shueisha distributed these volumes in Japan , with the first volume being released on January 7 , 2000 , and the last on June 4 , 2008 . Each of the chapters are referred to as a `` Genius '' , with the exception of chapters 245 to 247 which are primarily referred to as the `` Wild '' chapters since they are told from a different character 's point of view . The sequel 's chapters are each referred to as a `` Golden Age '' . Three official fan books were also released by Shueisha , as well as one illustration book . Kenichi Sakura created a short tribute manga entitled The Prince of Afterschool , which began serialization in Jump Square in November 2008 .   The series has been adapted into several forms of other media including an 178 episode anime series directed by Takayuki Hamana that aired from October 2001 to March 2005 , and a series of subsequent OVAs released onto several DVDs . The anime , combined with the OVAs , roughly covers the storyline of the first manga series . It also spawned an ongoing series of musicals , as well as two featured films : one original animated film and the other being a live-action which loosely follows the events of the first eighteen volumes .   Viz Media licensed the series and distributes an English version of the manga in North America under the Shonen Jump imprint . The first English language volume was released on May 19 , 2004 , and as of May 5 , 2009 , Viz has released a total of thirty-one volumes , with the next expected to be released in July . The English anime adaptation debuted in North America as streaming media on Toonami Jetstream on July 14 , 2006 .

neg: Charles, Prince of Wales Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 .   Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 .   In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles .   Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 .

neg: This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin .   Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million .   In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed .   After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .

neg: Peter the Younger Peter the Younger ( 1546 -- 1568 ) was the ruler of Wallachia between 21 September 1559 and 31 May 1568 .   He was the eldest son of Mircea the Shepherd and of Lady Chiajna and was named `` the Young '' because at the moment of crowning , he was only 13 .   After the death of his father at 21 September 1559 , the boyars try to take the throne of the family . Between 25 September and 24 October 1559 , three battles took place between the boyars and the remaining family of Mircea the Shepherd . The first battle , from the village Românești , was won by the boyars , only to lose the second battle , of Șerpătești . The decisive battle took place at Boiani where , Peter , helped by the ottomans , won . On 24 October 1559 , he was confirmed by the Ottoman Empire as the new ruler of Wallachia .   Peter the Younger established the Plumbuita Monastery in 1560 and continued his father 's work on restoring the Curtea Veche church and the Snagov Monastery .   Trying to get hold of the riches of the family , the Ottoman Empire , through a representative , managed to send the prince in exile along with his mother , Lady Chiajna in 1568 . Peter the Younger arrived in Constantinople on 31 May and was taken to the Seven Towers fortress , where he was stripped of his riches . On 19 August 1568 , Peter the Younger died of poisoning at only 21 years old .

neg: Prince & Princess `` Prince & Princess '' is the third single from Versailles , released on December 10 , 2008 . The single was released in six different versions ; five with a different member on the cover and one regular edition with the whole group on the cover plus the bonus track `` Silent Knight '' . This version of `` Prince '' is slightly different from the one that was first distributed free of charge on the band 's website and then added to the October 22 reissue of their first album , Noble . `` Princess '' is featured on the band 's second album Jubilee , albeit as the re-recording `` Princess - Revival of Church - '' .

neg: Prince Charles Alexander Charles Alexander ( born April 2 , 1958 ) , in Boston , Massachusetts , known professionally as Prince Charles Alexander , is a Grammy Award -- winning American producer , audio engineer , recording artist and educator .

neg: Hit n Run Phase Two Hit n Run Phase Two is the thirty-ninth and final studio album by American recording artist Prince and the last to be released before his death on April 21 , 2016 . It was initially released exclusively on the Tidal streaming service on December 12 , 2015 for streaming and purchase as a continuation of his previous album , Hit n Run Phase One .   Prince confirmed on Twitter that a physical CD would be released during a weekend of Paisley Park shows in January 2016 . The CD was given away to attendees of the shows on the Australian and New Zealand leg of the Piano & A Microphone Tour . The album was finally given a worldwide CD release on May 6 , 2016 through Universal Music Group .

neg: Marlborough: His Life and Times Marlborough : His Life and Times is a panegyric biography written by Winston Churchill about John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough . Churchill was a lineal descendant of the duke .   The book comprises four volumes , the first of which appeared in October 1933 ( 557 pages , 200,000 words ) with subsequent volumes in 1934 , 1936 and 1938 . The publisher was George G Harrup , who in 1929 agreed an advance of # 10,000 for the publishing rights , topping the offer made by Churchill 's customary publishers , Thornton Butterworth . The American publisher , Scribner 's , paid # 5000 advance for United States publishing rights . At that time Churchill envisaged writing 180,000 to 250,000 words to be published in no more than two volumes . Cumulative sales of the first volume were 17,000 copies , 15,000 for the second and 10,000 for the third and fourth , which was a respectable though not exceptional performance for such a work .   Churchill had conceived the idea of writing the book by 1929 , when the conservative defeat in the general election meant that he was no longer a government minister , giving him both spare time and the loss of his ministerial salary . His first act in preparing the book was to employ Maurice Ashley part-time for a  salary of # 300 per year to carry out research about Marlborough . Ashley later produced his own biography of Marlborough , in 1939 . Churchill , with other assistants , worked on and published a number of different historical books while work on Marlborough was proceeding . Churchill turned seriously to writing Marlborough after Easter 1932 , following pressure from his publishers . His initial draft was passed to Edward Marsh , who had been his private secretary while a government minister , with instructions to look out for repetitions , boring passages or clumsy sentences . He wrote over 300 letters requesting information or opinions about the work in progress .   In the preface to volume one , Churchill writes '' `` It is my hope to recall this great shade from the past , and not only invest him with his panoply , but make him living and intimate to modern eyes . ''   Churchill was sceptical of the claim that Marlborough had at 17 or 18 years of age became the lover of the King 's mistress but accepted that he did so somewhat later , at 20 . In 1675 , however , he met the 15-year-old Sarah Jennings , married her and lived with contentedly for the remainder of their lives . They were of comparable social status , but neither had any significant money . Churchill saw similarities between his ancestor and himself .

neg: Little Prince Little Prince may refer to :   The Little Prince , French writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry 's most famous novella and the eponymously named character within the story , or other versions of the story adapted for various media , including :  The Little Prince ( 1974 film ) , a 1974 musical film directed by Stanley Donen  The Little Prince ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 computer-animated fantasy film directed by Mark Osborne  The Little Prince ( play ) , a theatrical adaptation  The Little Prince ( opera ) , a 2003 opera in two acts by Rachel Portman to an English libretto by Nicholas Wright  The Adventures of The Little Prince ( TV series ) , an anime series  The Little Prince ( 2010 TV series )  The Little Prince and the Aviator , a 1981 musical theatre adaptation  List of The Little Prince adaptations , a listing of The Little Prince story adapted into various media  Petit-Prince ( moon ) ( English : Little Prince ) , a small moon orbiting asteroid 69 Eugenia , named jointly in honour of the French Empress Eugénie 's son , the Prince Imperial , and as allusion to the eponymously named Saint-Exupéry novella The Little Prince  Little Prince ( chief ) ( also named : Tastanaki Hopayi and Tustanagee Hopae , died 1832 ) , chieftain and longtime representative of the Muscogee ( Lower Creeks ) tribe in the United States  `` Little Prince '' ( Miami Vice ) , episode of the 1980s undercover cop television series Miami Vice  `` The Little Prince '' ( Lost ) , 2009 episode in the fifth season of the American television series Lost  `` Little Prince '' ( song ) , a 1974 song by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner which featured in the 1974 film and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 47th Academy Awards  The Little Prince ( EP ) , a 2016 extended play ( EP ) by South Korean singer Kim Ryeowook , a member from boy band Super Junior

neg: Prince Rui (睿) Prince Rui of the First Rank ( Manchu : ; hošoi mergen cin wang ) , or simply Prince Rui , was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty ( 1644 -- 1912 ) . It was also one of the 12 `` iron-cap '' princely peerages in the Qing dynasty , which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded .   The first bearer of the title was Dorgon ( 1612 -- 1650 ) , the 14th son of Nurhaci , the founder of the Qing dynasty . He was awarded the title in 1636 by his half-brother , Huangtaiji , who succeeded their father as the ruler of the Qing Empire . After Dorgon 's death , the Shunzhi Emperor abolished the Prince Rui peerage . In 1778 , the Qianlong Emperor not only restored the Prince Rui peerage , but also granted it `` iron-cap '' status . Chunying ( died 1800 ) , a sixth-generation descendant of Dorgon 's younger brother , Dodo , was selected to inherit the Prince Rui title . The title was passed down over 12 generations and held by eight persons .

neg: Prince Lü Prince Lü of the First Rank , or simply Prince Lü , was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty ( 1644 -- 1912 ) . As the Prince Lü peerage was not awarded `` iron-cap '' status , this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank vis-à-vis that held by his predecessor . However , the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a feng ` en fuguo gong except under special circumstances .   The first bearer of the title was Yuntao ( 1686 -- 1763 ) , the 12th son of the Kangxi Emperor . In 1722 , Yuntao was made a junwang ( second-rank prince ) by his father for his military achievements . However , a year later , he was demoted two grades to beizi , but was restored as a junwang in 1730 . In 1735 , he was promoted to qinwang ( first-rank prince ) under the title `` Prince Lü of the First Rank '' . The peerage was passed down over eight generations and held by eight persons .

neg: The Song of the Heart `` The Song of the Heart '' is a song written and performed by Prince especially for the 2006 film Happy Feet .   The song came about when Prince was approached to allow his music to be covered for the film . Prince initially refused , but was so impressed by the film that he not only gave his permission , but offered to write a new song for the film . It is also the only song on the soundtrack specifically written for this film . `` The Song of the Heart '' is the first single released from the soundtrack and won the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Golden Globes .

neg: Prince Alfred of Great Britain The Prince Alfred ( 22 September 1780 -- 20 August 1782 ) was a member of the British Royal Family as the 14th child and 9th son of King George III and his queen consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . Alfred became ill after his inoculation against the smallpox virus ; his early death at the age of nearly two , along with the demise of his brother Prince Octavius six months later , was a shock to their parents . In his later bouts of madness King George would have imagined conversations with both of his youngest sons .

neg: Money Don't Matter 2 Night `` Money Do n't Matter 2 Night '' is a song by Prince and The New Power Generation from their 1991 album , Diamonds and Pearls . Co-written with Rosie Gaines , the lyrics deal directly with money , poverty , and greed . The vocal delivery is similar to that of `` When Doves Cry '' , but more subtle . Overall , the song is a smooth delivery with layered vocals by Prince .   While the distorted vocals on the song were unintentional , engineer Michael Koppelman liked the effect and it is assumed that Prince did as well , since his performance was never replaced with a non-distorted take .   The B-side is a previously unreleased track `` Call the Law '' , with lead vocals by Tony M. , supplemented by Rosie Gaines on the chorus . Prince provides guitar solos throughout the song . The track was added to the New Power Generation release Goldnigga in 1993 . The UK 12 '' single and CD release also included the album track `` Push '' .

neg: 3121 3121 ( pronounced `` thirty-one twenty-one '' ) is the thirty-first studio album by American recording artist Prince . It was released on March 21 , 2006 . 3121 was released by NPG Records and distributed , under a `` 1-Album Deal '' , by Universal Music .

neg: Space (Prince song) `` Space '' is a song by American musician Prince from his 1994 album Come .  The B-side of the single is actually the album track . The A-side is the Universal Love Radio Remix of `` Space '' , with completely new lyrics .   In the album version of `` Space '' Prince sings about being obsessed with a lover and wanting to take their love higher comparing to the likes of space whereas the Universal Love Remix features a rap from Prince at the end which is lyrically similar to his smash hit `` When Doves Cry '' with a new bridge saying `` All the pain that a human has to go through , in a planet that 's so bitter and cold / Universal love awaits you , baby all you got to say is that you really , really , really wan na go / And we 're outta here '' .