query: Iris Murdoch was a writer.

pos: A Severed Head A Severed Head is a satirical , sometimes farcical 1961 novel by Iris Murdoch . It was Murdoch 's fifth published novel .   Primary themes include marriage , adultery , and incest within a group of civilised and educated people . Set in and around London , it depicts a power struggle between grown-up middle-class people who are lucky to be free of real problems . A Severed Head was a harbinger of the sexual revolution that was to hit Britain in the 1960s and 1970s .

pos: Iris Murdoch Dame Jean Iris Murdoch ( -LSB- ˈmɜrdɒk -RSB- 15 July 1919 -- 8 February 1999 ) was an Anglo-Irish novelist and philosopher , best known for her novels about good and evil , sexual relationships , morality , and the power of the unconscious . Her first published novel , Under the Net , was selected in 1998 as one of Modern Library 's 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century . In 1987 , she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire . Her books include The Bell ( 1958 ) , A Severed Head ( 1961 ) , The Red and the Green ( 1965 ) , The Nice and the Good ( 1968 ) , The Black Prince ( 1973 ) , Henry and Cato ( 1976 ) , The Sea , the Sea ( 1978 , Booker Prize ) , The Philosopher 's Pupil ( 1983 ) , The Good Apprentice ( 1985 ) , The Book and the Brotherhood ( 1987 ) , The Message to the Planet ( 1989 ) , and The Green Knight ( 1993 ) . In 2008 , The Times ranked Murdoch twelfth on a list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' .

neg: Elizabeth Banks (journalist) Elizabeth Brister Banks ( May 2 , 1872 -- July 18 , 1938 ) was an American journalist and author . Although she never renounced her American citizenship , she remained in England throughout the last forty years of her life .   Elizabeth was born in Trenton , New Jersey , the daughter of John Banks and Sarah Ann Brister . As a young child , she was raised by her aunt Elizabeth Brister and uncle Joseph Peck on `` the experimental farm '' north of Madison near Deansville , Wisconsin . She attended Milwaukee Downer Female Seminary College in Milwaukee when it was still located at Fox Lake , Wisconsin .   She became a typewriter girl in a grocery store , then worked society pages in Baltimore and Saint Paul , Minnesota . She worked as secretary at the American Counsulate in Peru , later becoming a stunt journalist when other women writers were relegated to society and fashion pages .   In London , she became a regular contributor to publications such as The Daily News , Punch , St James ' Gazette , London Illustrated , and Referee . She created a sensation in London by recording her observations on the plight of the lower classes , which she researched posing as a housemaid , street sweeper , and Covent Garden flower girl . Her journalistic writing under several pen names including pseudonyms of Mary Mortimer Maxwell and Enid , unceasingly promoted women 's right to vote and denounced prison conditions for jailed suffragettes .   Elizabeth lived in London at 17 Downing Street , close to the Prime Minister 's residence . Her neighbors and friends included George Bernard Shaw , John Galsworthy , Thomas Hardy , H. G. Wells and suffragette Henrietta Marston . She made major contributions to British Intelligence in developing strategies to help protect London from German aerial attacks and developing propaganda schemes that helped draw the United States into the first world war . According to Who 's Who in America ( volume 20 , 1938 ) `` in 1914 she founded the Authors ' Belgian Fund and Dirk 's fund for the Allies . She originated and also wrote a series of controversial essays entitled `` The Lady at the Round Table '' .   She made a trip back to the United States and became the author of an autobiographical work , The Remaking of an American . She also wrote `` Campaigns of Curiosity '' and `` Newspaper Girl '' . Careful to protect her sources in both her letters and written works , the bulk of her personal papers were destroyed upon her death . She died on Jul 18 , 1938 of arteriosclerosis and then was cremated with her ashes deposited at Golders Green Crematorium . The first in London ref : Elizabeth 's name may be found on the Mabel Spink plaque .

neg: Mary MacCarthy Mary MacCarthy ( 1882 -- 29 December 1953 ) was a British writer , known for her involvement in the `` Bloomsbury Group '' .   She was born Mary Warre-Cornish , the daughter of the schoolmaster and man of letters Francis Warre Warre-Cornish by his wife , Blanche . She was commonly called Molly .   In 1906 she married the literary critic Sir Desmond MacCarthy , with whom she had one daughter , Rachel .   thumb | Grave of Desmond and Mary MacCarthy   Though prevented by progressive hearing-loss from full participation in group conversation , she was active in the Bloomsbury group , as demonstrated by her formation of its Memoir group and Novel group , and by coining the term `` Bloomsberries '' to describe its members .   Her sister Cecilia married William Wordsworth Fisher later Admiral . Her daughter Rachel married the biographer David Cecil .   She is buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge , with her husband .

neg: E. M. Forster Edward Morgan Forster ( 1 January 18797 June 1970 ) , known as E. M. Forster , was an English novelist , short story writer , essayist and librettist . Many of his novels examined class difference and hypocrisy in early 20th-century British society , notably A Room with a View ( 1908 ) , Howards End ( 1910 ) , and A Passage to India ( 1924 ) , which brought him his greatest success . He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 16 different years .

neg: IRIS Research The Illawarra Regional Information Service , commonly called IRIS Research or IRIS , is an Australian research organisation that specialises in economic , community and industry research for government , business and academic institutions . IRIS Research commenced operations in 1980 and is headquartered in Wollongong , New South Wales .

neg: Keith Murdoch (rugby union) Keith Murdoch ( born 9 September 1943 ) is a former rugby union footballer from New Zealand .

neg: Lindsay Ashford Lindsay Ashford is a British crime novelist and journalist . Her style of writing has been compared to that of Vivien Armstrong , Linda Fairstein and Frances Fyfield . Many of her books follow the character of Megan Rhys , an investigative psychologist .   Raised in Wolverhampton , Ashford became the first woman to graduate from Queens ' College , Cambridge in its 550-year history . She gained a degree in criminology . Ashford was then employed as a reporter for the BBC before becoming a freelance journalist , writing for a number of national magazines and newspapers . In 1996 , she took a crime writing course run by the Arvon Foundation . Her first book , Frozen , was published by Honno in 2003 .   Strange Blood was shortlisted for the 2006 Theakston 's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award . She wrote The Rubber Woman for the Quick Reads series in 2007 .   Her historical mystery , The Mysterious Death of Miss Austen , was adapted for radio by Andrew Davies and Eileen Horne . It was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 's Woman 's Hour in February 2014 .   Her novel , With Love and Crocodiles , was published independently on 4 November 2013 , and was then revised and re-published in April 2015 , under the title , `` The Color of Secrets . ''   Her latest book , published in 2016 , `` The Woman on the Orient Express , '' is a novel with a fictional version Agatha Christie as its heroine .   Ashford currently lives on the Welsh coast near Aberystwyth .

neg: John Murdoch (editor) John Murdoch ( Gaelic ; Iain MacMhuirich ) ( 15 January 1818 -- 29 January 1903 ) was a Scottish newspaper owner and editor and land reform campaigner who played a significant part in the campaign for crofters right in the late 19th century

neg: Life imitating art Anti-mimesis is a philosophical position that holds the direct opposite of Aristotelian mimesis . Its most notable proponent is Oscar Wilde , who opined in his 1889 essay The Decay of Lying that , `` Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life '' . In the essay , written as a Platonic dialogue , Wilde holds that anti-mimesis `` results not merely from Life 's imitative instinct , but from the fact that the self-conscious aim of Life is to find expression , and that Art offers it certain beautiful forms through which it may realise that energy . '' .   What is found in life and nature is not what is really there , but is that which artists have taught people to find there , through art . As in an example posited by Wilde , although there has been fog in London for centuries , one notices the beauty and wonder of the fog because `` poets and painters have taught the loveliness of such effects ... They did not exist till Art had invented them . '' .   McGrath places the antimimetic philosophy in a tradition of Irish writing , including Wilde and writers such as Synge and Joyce in a group that `` elevate blarney ( in the form of linguistic idealism ) to aesthetic and philosophical distinction '' , noting that Terry Eagleton observes an even longer tradition that stretches `` as far back in Irish thought as the ninth-century theology of John Scottus Eriugena '' and `` the fantastic hyperbole of the ancient sagas '' . Wilde 's antimimetic idealism , specifically , McGrath describes to be part of the late nineteenth century debate between Romanticism and Realism . Wilde 's antimimetic philosophy has also had influence on later Irish writers , including Brian Friel .   Halliwell asserts that the idea that life imitates art derives from classical notions that can be traced as far back as the writings of Aristophanes of Byzantium , and does not negate mimesis but rather `` displace -LSB- s -RSB- its purpose onto the artlike fashioning of life itself '' . Halliwell draws a parallel between Wilde 's philosophy and Aristophanes ' famous question about the comedies written by Menander : `` O Menander and Life ! Which of you took the other as your model ? '' , noting , however , that Aristophanes was a precursor to Wilde , and not necessarily espousing the positions that Wilde was later to propound .   In George Bernard Shaw 's preface to Three Plays he wrote , `` I have noticed that when a certain type of feature appears in painting and is admired as beautiful , it presently becomes common in nature ; so that the Beatrices and Francescas in the picture galleries of one generation come to life as the parlor-maids and waitresses of the next . '' He stated that he created the aristocratic characters in Cashel Byron 's Profession as unrealistically priggish even without his later understanding that `` the real world does not exist ... men and women are made by their own fancies in the image of the imaginary creatures in my youthful fictions , only much stupider . '' Shaw , however , disagreed with Wilde on some points . He considered most attempts by life to imitate art to be reprehensible , in part because the art that people generally chose to imitate was idealistic and romanticized .   An example of life imitating art is that of singer/actress Miley Cyrus , whose role as the famous fictional popstar Hannah Montana in the Disney Channel sitcom of the same name gave rise to her own singing career . Hannah 's fictional popularity translated into a real-life fan-base for Cyrus as several singles credited to the character charted on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including `` The Best of Both Worlds '' , `` Life 's What You Make It '' , `` He Could Be the One '' , etc , though all of the songs were performed by Cyrus ) and when she embarked on her sold-out Best of Both Worlds Tour in 2007 , where she performed the first set of songs as Hannah Montana and the second set as herself . Cyrus ' song `` The Climb '' was the first song , credited to herself instead of the character , from an official Hannah Montana soundtrack album to become a hit single ( peaking at # 4 on the Billboard charts , making it her `` crossover song '' into mainstream pop , while Hoedown Throwdown ( off the same soundtrack album ) was her first Top 10 . Cyrus also performed several duets on the show while in-character as Hannah with real-life singers such as Sheryl Crow , David Archuleta , The Jonas Brothers , Iyaz and her real-life father Billy Ray Cyrus , as well as an unofficial duet with her real-life godmother country singer Dolly Parton .

neg: Iris (Cirque du Soleil) Iris was a resident Cirque du Soleil show based in Los Angeles , California . It premiered on September 25 , 2011 , after preview performances which began on July 21 , 2011 . The cost for production of the show was nearly $ 100,000,000 , which included the cost of renovating the Dolby Theatre in which the show was housed . Iris was written and directed by French director-choreographer Philippe Decouflé . The show explored images from the history of cinema and featured elaborate choreography , acrobatics , and a variety of contemporary circus acts . The name of the show , Iris , comes from the camera diaphragm as well as from the colored iris of the human eye .   In November 2012 it was reported that Iris would end its run at the Dolby Theatre on January 19 , 2013 due to disappointing ticket sales . It was later reported that Cirque du Soleil looked into the possibility of taking Iris to other cities in the United States .   Scenes from Iris would later be incorporated into the Cirque du Soleil show Paramour which debuted on Broadway in New York City on May 25 , 2016 .

neg: James Murdoch, Jr. James Murdoch ( 28 December 1886 -- 27 October 1935 ) was an Australian politician .   He was born in Cambridge , Tasmania , the son of James Murdoch , who was also a Tasmanian politician . In 1925 he succeeded his father as the independent member for Pembroke in the Tasmanian Legislative Council . He held the seat until his death in 1935 , whereupon he was succeeded by his elder brother John .

neg: John Murdoch John Murdoch may refer to :  John Smith Murdoch ( 1862 -- 1945 ) , chief architect of the Commonwealth of Australia  John Murdoch ( athlete ) ( fl . 1924 ) , Canadian Olympic athlete  John Murdoch ( bishop ) ( 1796 -- 1865 ) , Roman Catholic Vicar Apostolic for Western Scotland  John Murdoch ( editor ) ( 1818 -- 1903 ) , Scottish newspaper editor and land reformer  John Murdoch ( footballer ) ( 1901 -- 1962 ) , Scottish international footballer  John Murdoch ( politician ) ( 1882 -- 1936 ) , Australian politician for the Electoral division of Pembroke  John Murdoch ( literary evangelist ) ( 1819 -- 1904 ) , Christian missionary in Ceylon and India  John E. Murdoch ( 1927 -- 2010 ) , an American academic in the field of historical science  John Murdoch ( artist ) ( 1971 -- ) , American artist of realism , classical atelier

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people .   Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award .   The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team .   This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .

neg: Indian English literature Indian English Literature ( IEL ) refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India . Its early history began with the works of R. K. Narayan , Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao who contributed to Indian fiction in the 1930s . It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora , such as V. S. Naipaul , Kiran Desai , Jhumpa Lahiri , Kovid Gupta , Agha Shahid Ali , Rohinton Mistry and Salman Rushdie , who are of Indian descent .   It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature . ( Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with Anglo-Indian ) . As a category , this production comes in the broader realm of postcolonial literature -- the production from previously colonised countries such as India .

neg: Zima Blue and Other Stories Zima Blue and Other Stories ( 2006 , ISBN 1-59780-058-9 ) is the first collection of short works by Alastair Reynolds . It was published in September 2006 , by Night Shade Books . It includes ten stories , most of them long out of print . None of the stories in it are set in Reynolds 's well-known Revelation Space universe , although Galactic North , a collection of most of Reynolds 's Revelation Space short stories , was released soon after .   There is a limited edition ( 2006 , ISBN 1-59780-059-7 ) with an extra story , `` Digital to Analogue '' , and with Reynolds 's signature . `` Digital to Analogue '' was originally published in the 1992 anthology In Dreams .   A new version of the collection was published in April 2009 and contained all the stories listed below as well as Minla 's Flowers ( currently available in The New Space Opera ) , Cardiff Afterlife ( a sequel of sorts to Signal to Noise ) and Everlasting ( first published in Interzone , Summer 2005 ) .

neg: Iris and the Lieutenant Iris and the Lieutenant ( Iris och löjtnantshjärta ) is a 1946 Swedish drama film directed by Alf Sjöberg and starring Mai Zetterling , Alf Kjellin and Åke Claesson . It won the Grand Prix at the 1946 Cannes Film Festival . The film boosted Zetterling 's international profile . Shortly afterwards she moved to Britain to make Frieda ( 1947 ) .   The film is adapted from a 1934 novel by the same title , written by Olle Hedberg .

neg: Stephen James Joyce Stephen James Joyce ( born 15 February 1932 ) is the grandson of James Joyce and the controversial executor of Joyce 's estate . He was born in France , the son of James Joyce 's son , Giorgio , and Helen Joyce , née Kastor . Stephen attended Harvard University , graduating in 1958 . At Harvard , he once roomed with Paul Matisse , grandson of French impressionist painter Henri Matisse , and with Sadruddin Aga Khan . Thereafter , he worked for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on African development . He retired from the OECD in 1991 to focus on managing his grandfather 's estate . He and his wife , Solange Raythchine Joyce , live in the Île de Ré in France . They have no children ; Stephen is James Joyce 's sole living descendant .   Stephen Joyce and Seán Sweeney are the joint trustees of the Estate of James Joyce . He has taken an active role in all legal matters relating to Joyce 's works . He has brought numerous lawsuits or threats of legal action against scholars , biographers , and artists attempting to quote from Joyce 's literary work or personal correspondence .   In 2004 , Joyce threatened legal action against the Irish government when the Rejoyce Dublin 2004 festival proposed public reading of excerpts of Ulysses on Bloomsday . In 1988 Stephen Joyce destroyed a collection of letters written by Lucia Joyce , his aunt . In 1989 he forced Brenda Maddox to delete a postscript concerning Lucia from her biography Nora : The Real Life of Molly Bloom . After 1995 Stephen announced no permissions would be granted to quote from his grandfather 's work . Libraries holding letters by Joyce were unable to show them without permission . Versions of his work online were disallowed . Stephen claimed to be protecting his grandfather 's and his family 's reputation , but would sometimes grant permission to use material in exchange for fees that were often `` extortionate '' .   On 13 January 2011 , on the 70th anniversary of Joyce 's death , all of his works entered the public domain in much of the world . In the US however , some of Joyce 's work remains protected by copyright . Prior to this , in 2007 , Joyce 's hold on the estate had already been delimited by a fair use suit brought by Carol Loeb Schloss and the Stanford Law School Center for Internet and Society 's Fair Use Project .   When the Central Bank of Ireland issued a ten euro James Joyce commemorative coin on 10 April 2013 , Stephen Joyce described the coin and the circumstances of its issue as `` one of the greatest insults to the Joyce family that has ever been perpetrated in Ireland '' . He complained of a lack of consultation over the coin ; he objected to an error in a Joycean quotation inscribed on the coin ; he was upset by the design of the portrait of the writer on the coin , calling it `` the most unlikely likeness of Joyce ever produced '' ; and he described as highly insensitive and offensive the decision to issue the coin on the anniversary of the death of his grandmother , Nora Joyce , who died in 1951 .

neg: Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage .   Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .

neg: Iris von Roten Iris von Roten-Meyer ( 2 April 1917 -- 11 September 1990 ) was a Swiss journalist , writer , feminist , jurist and a lawyer .   Iris von Roten was born in Basel , Switzerland . She was the editor of the women 's paper Schweizer Frauenblatt in 1943 -- 1945 . She was a feminist , inspired by Simone de Beauvoir . She is most known for her feminist work Frauen im Laufgitter : the book received such a massive negative critic and hostility that she was blamed for the fact that the proposal of women suffrage was voted down in 1959 .   On December 6th 1955 the `` Panthermantel affair '' took place . In which Iris von rotten who was stopped by police officers at 2am while on the way to her analyst . The police officers not believing that she was a lawyer took her to the police station where she was interrogated upon her refusal to comply with their questions . She later claimed that she had been arrested because she had been wearing trousers and thus the police has mistaken her for a prostitute . Feeling discriminated against , Iris went to the news in order to open a dialogue about women 's right . This incident in part inspired her to write her controversial book `` Frauen im Laufgitter ''   Her book `` Frauen im Laufgitter '' evoked a negative reaction from men and women alike . Men saw her as man-hating and mocked her while the women of Switzerland saw her as a radical , and blamed her for the losing vote on women 's suffrage . They believed in gradual change and saw her as far too extreme . Von rotens daughter Hortenia has been quoted explaining the rejection saying : `` Women do not like to recognize and do not gladly admit what a lousy situation they are . ''   After the negative reception of her book , she left for turkey . Not in an attempt to run from the backlash as many believed but rather seeing an opportunity to fulfill a childhood dream of travel . Once in turkey , she thoroughly enjoyed herself , being able to ignore traditional gender roles she did as she pleased .   After her short stay in Turkey Von Roten returned to Switzerland having wrote a memoir during her travels which was subsequently rejected by publishers . Following her rejection , she chose to continue traveling . Iris von Roten committed suicide on September 11 , 1990 at the age of 73 . She was quoted saying `` Just as a guest has to know when it 's time to depart , a person should rise from the table of life while there 's still time . ''

neg: The North Ship The North Ship is a collection of poems by Philip Larkin ( 1922-1985 ) , and was published in 1945 by Reginald A. Caton 's Fortune Press . Caton did not pay his writers and expected them to buy a certain number of copies themselves . A similar arrangement had been used in 1934 by Dylan Thomas for his first anthology .   The volume was published again , in 1966 , by Faber and Faber Limited . In the 1945 version there are 31 items , numbered with Roman numerals . The last of these , `` The North Ship '' is a set of five poems tracking a ship 's northward progress . Of the 30 single poems , only seven have titles . Some of the poems were composed while Larkin was an undergraduate at the University of Oxford , but the bulk were written in the period 1943 to 1944 when he was running the public library in Wellington , Shropshire and writing his second novel A Girl in Winter .   In the 1966 reissue an extra poem , `` Waiting for breakfast , while she brushed her hair '' was added at the end . This edition is still in print .   The North Ship constitutes the first part of the 2003 edition of Larkin 's Collected Poems


query: David Koepp is a director.

pos: David Koepp David Koepp ( born June 9 , 1963 ) is an American screenwriter and director . Koepp is the fifth most successful screenwriter of all time in terms of U.S. box office receipts with a total gross of over $ 2.3 billion .   Koepp has achieved both critical and commercial success in a wide variety of genres : thriller , science fiction , comedy , action , drama , crime , superhero , horror , adventure , and fantasy .   Some of the best known films he has written include the sci-fi adventure films Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) , The Lost World : Jurassic Park ( 1997 ) , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull ( 2008 ) ; the action spy films Mission : Impossible ( 1996 ) and Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit ( 2014 ) ; the superhero film Spider-Man ( 2002 ) ; the sci-fi disaster film War of the Worlds ( 2005 ) and the mystery thriller Angels & Demons ( 2009 ) . Koepp has directed six films over the course of his career : The Trigger Effect ( 1996 ) , Stir of Echoes ( 1999 ) , Secret Window ( 2004 ) , Ghost Town ( 2008 ) , Premium Rush ( 2012 ) , and Mortdecai ( 2015 ) .

neg: David A. Goldsmith David A. Goldsmith lives and works in the UK and Italy . His career in television spans the vast technological changes : from film to videotape ; from black & white to colour ; from terrestrial to satellite ; from the UK 's three national networks to the plethora of channels today ; from analogue to digital ; from 405 lines to High Definition . He moved through the ranks : from a Programme Assistant in educational television to a presenter of Ready Steady Go ! ; from film Location Manager at the newly formed Yorkshire TV to Programme Director ; from drama to current affairs ; from making documentaries in ITV to directing at ITN where he won a BAFTA award covering the 1980 Iranian Embassy Siege .   Other experiences include : teaching at the then London College of Printing , TV production for the Metropolitan Police , directing the pan-European satellite experiment , setting up the BBC 's school of TV Journalism in Bucharest , starting the RGB news production Partnership , and as a Vice President at ScanSat Broadcasting launching its news department .   In 1993 he acted as an advisor to a start up television company in Hungary . Assisted in the production of a documentary about the British television industry .   His documentaries mainly in the field of human rights range : from the 1964 civil rights campaign in Mississippi to Amnesty International 's concern about the state of human rights in Mexico ; from following the Six-Day War in Jerusalem to the role of policewomen under the Equal Opportunities Act ; from World War I Old Contemptibles in Flanders to Hells Angels in Great Britain . His enthusiasm for the documentary led to his book The Documentary Makers published by RotoVision . Since 2006 he has been developing a film project to be shot in Venezuela .

neg: Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' .   Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .

neg: K/O Paper Products K/O Paper Products is an American television and motion picture production company founded by Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci c. 2009 , in which year Bobby Cohen became chief executive officer of its films division .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Daniel Koren Daniel Koren is a Brooklyn-based musician , comedian and director . Koren was born in Israel on January 23 , 1984

neg: David Zellner David Zellner is an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He lives and works in Austin , Texas . Zellner is best known for directing the films Kid-Thing ( 2012 ) and Kumiko , the Treasure Hunter ( 2014 ) .

neg: Directors Guild of Great Britain The Directors Guild of Great Britain ( DGGB ) is a professional organization which represents directors across all media , including film , television , theatre , radio , opera , commercials , music videos , corporate film/video and training , documentaries , multimedia and `` new technology '' . It has evolved to become an independent trade union and a non-profit limited company , asset-linked to the Directors Guild Trust , the charity arm of the Guild .

neg: David E. Tolchinsky David E. Tolchinsky ( born David Jan Edelson ) is a screenwriter , playwright , sound designer , and academic . He is Chair of Northwestern University 's Department of Radio-TV-Film and Founder/Director of Northwestern University School of Communication 's MFA in Writing for the Screen + Stage .   As a screenwriter , his feature film Girl is distributed by iTunes and has been seen internationally . He has been commissioned by such studios as Touchstone/Disney , MGM , Ivan Reitman 's Montecito Pictures , USA Networks , Edward R. Pressman Film Corp , and Addis-Wechsler & Assoc. / Industry Entertainment to write feature screenplays . He is the author of original screenplays such as The Last Crash and Reflections on a Teenage Anti-Christ featured in a New York Times article about home offices . Some of his work centers on teen subcultures such as heavy-metal fans , Florida surfer teens , teen groupies , and female football players , particularly in relation to social decay . He is also interested in horror , both psychological and physical .   As a sound designer , he has designed the sound for interactive computer environments and video installations which have been exhibited internationally . In 2003 , he was nominated for a Motion Picture Sound Editors Guild Golden Reel Award for his sound design for Dolly .   In 2008 , he was appointed as a Northwestern University Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence . In 2009 , he co-curated The Horror Show at Dorsky Gallery Curatorial Programs in New York City which explored horror in film , video , installation , photography , sculpture and painting and which was featured as a The Village Voice `` Voice Choice for Art '' and on their blog , and which was accompanied by a 32-page catalog . In 2011 , he co-produced Debra Kahn Tolchinsky 's Fast Talk , which investigates the accelerated speed of argumentation in college debate and which is available on iTunes and Amazon instant .   Recently , he published `` Where 's the Rest of Me ? '' a reflective essay about Spalding Gray in Paraphilia Magazine and co-curated with Debra Kahn Tolchinsky The Presence of Absence sponsored by the Contemporary Arts Council at Hairpin Arts Center in Chicago , chosen by Chicago Magazine as one of the `` 16 best art gallery shows to see now in Chicago '' and described in The Huffington Post as `` The space is gorgeous , the art solid , challenging , yet accessible . This is a wonderfully odd , powerful , thoughtful show '' . He was also ranked # 14 on New City 's Film 50 2013 : Chicago 's Screen Gems , was the recipient of a 2014 Illinois Arts Council Artist Fellowship in Literature , and was voted Best Director for his play , Where 's the Rest of Me ? ( which was nominated for Best Play and which was an adaptation of his essay ) , at the 2015 Riant Theatre One-Act Play Festival in New York City . Most recently , his play Clear was published in Issue 3 2015 of Proscenium Journal , he was ranked number 8 with Debra Kahn Tolchinsky on New City 's Film 50 2015 : Chicago 's Screen Gems , and he co-curated Sick by Seven ( seven plays/films about mental health in the modern world ) at A Red Orchid Theatre in Chicago as part of its Incubator Series .   He is a graduate of Yale ( 1985 , BA , magna cum laude ) and USC School of Cinematic Arts/School of Cinema-Television ( 1988 , MFA ) . He continues to collaborate often with his spouse , the media artist Debra Kahn Tolchinsky .

neg: Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia .   The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' .   Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . )   Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro .   The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world .   Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture .   Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process .   Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ .   Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions .   Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . ''   Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television .    link title   http://about.me/kenkokin

neg: David DeCoteau David DeCoteau ( born January 5 , 1962 , Portland , Oregon ) is an American-Canadian film director and producer .

neg: Robert Kramer Robert Kramer ( June 22 , 1939 -- November 10 , 1999 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He directed 19 films between 1965 and 1999 , most of them political cinema made from a left-wing point of view . His film À toute allure was entered into the 1982 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: David Warren (director) David Warren is an American theatre and television director .

neg: David Hepp David Hepp is an American journalist and former public television producer . He and Lise Bang-Jensen created the Albany , New York-based Inside Albany news television program , which ran for several decades until it ceased production on December 31 , 2006 .   Hepp received the Alfred I. duPont -- Columbia University Award `` for excellence in television journalism '' as well as awards from the Associated Press , the American Bar Association , the New York State Bar Association and the New York State Broadcasters Association .   Hepp holds degrees from Siena College and Syracuse University 's Newhouse School of Public Communications .

neg: Walter Kolm-Veltée Walter Kolm-Veltée ( 27 December 1910 -- 8 March 1999 ) was an Austrian film director . He directed nine films between 1933 and 1959 . He was the son of Austrian film director Luise Fleck from her first marriage .   He became a respected film director , producer and screenwriter . After his earlier career in which he often worked with his mother and stepfather , he founded in 1952 the first film academy in Austria , at the Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst in Vienna . His film on the life of Beethoven , Eroica , released in 1949 , with Ewald Balser , Oskar Werner and Judith Holzmeister in the leads , is counted as one of the most successful Austrian films ever . In the same way that his parents were pioneers of film , so Walter Kolm-Veltée was a pioneer of the development of the new medium of television .   His 1959 film Panoptikum 59 was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival .

neg: Moving Picture Institute The Moving Picture Institute ( MPI ) is an American non-profit organization and film production company founded in 2005 by human rights advocate Thor Halvorssen . Its current executive director is Rob Pfaltzgraff .   MPI produces and collaborates on both fictional films , and non-fictional , often documentary-style films . The subjects of MPI 's films typically center on concepts like human rights and individual freedoms , and governmental waste and corruption . It uses its films as a medium through which these kinds of social and economic troubles are brought to public attention to shape public perceptions , and ultimately , to change society 's values . As Halvorssen explains , `` Put it this way : What Sideways did for Pinot noir , I want to do for freedom . '' Public exposure to freedom-oriented ideas , they contend , will contribute to the improvement of these important issues which they feel tend to be ignored by other traditional media outlets .

neg: DAVID DAVID ( the Database for Annotation , Visualization and Integrated Discovery ) is a free online bioinformatics resource developed by the Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics ( LIB ) . All tools in the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources aim to provide functional interpretation of large lists of genes derived from genomic studies , e.g. microarray and proteomics studies . DAVID can be found at http://david.niaid.nih.gov or http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov   The DAVID Bioinformatics Resources consists of the DAVID Knowledgebase and five integrated , web-based functional annotation tool suites : the DAVID Gene Functional Classification Tool , the DAVID Functional Annotation Tool , the DAVID Gene ID Conversion Tool , the DAVID Gene Name Viewer and the DAVID NIAID Pathogen Genome Browser . The expanded DAVID Knowledgebase now integrates almost all major and well-known public bioinformatics resources centralized by the DAVID Gene Concept , a single-linkage method to agglomerate tens of millions of diverse gene/protein identifiers and annotation terms from a variety of public bioinformatics databases . For any uploaded gene list , the DAVID Resources now provides not only the typical gene-term enrichment analysis , but also new tools and functions that allow users to condense large gene lists into gene functional groups , convert between gene/protein identifiers , visualize many-genes-to-many-terms relationships , cluster redundant and heterogeneous terms into groups , search for interesting and related genes or terms , dynamically view genes from their lists on bio-pathways and more .   DAVID 6.8 ( beta ) was released in May 2016 .

neg: Jeff Kopas Jeff Kopas ( born January 23 , 1975 ) is a Canadian writer , director , and producer , who released his first feature film An Insignificant Harvey in 2011 . The film was picked up by Film Movement for US release at the Sundance Film Festival , it is distributed internationally by Shoreline Entertainment , and in Canada by KinoSmith . The film premiered at the Busan International Film Festival in South Korea .

neg: Real Film Real Film or Real-Film was a West German film production company . It was established in 1947 in Hamburg , then part of the British Zone of Occupation . Its founders were Walter Koppel and the Hungarian Gyula Trebitsch . The company released some rubble films but gradually switched to concentrate on comedies and musicals . In 1948 an estate in Wandsbek was acquired and developed into a modern film studio , with space sometimes rented out to other companies . The company became a stable and economically successful producer in the 1950s .   In the 1960s the studio was increasingly used for television production , and Real-Film went out of business by 1965 .

neg: Pierre David Pierre David ( born May 17 , 1944 ) is a Canadian film producer and film financier .   David is best known for executive-producing iconic films directed by David Cronenberg , such as Scanners , Videodrome , and The Brood . He is also credited as `` production executive '' on the Academy Award-winning film Platoon , directed by Oliver Stone . He has since produced dozens of independent films , mainly in the thriller genre , and is still actively producing .

neg: David di Donatello for Best New Director The David di Donatello is a major Italian film award given by the Italian Film Academy .


query: A block is also called a "swat."

pos: Block (basketball) In basketball , a block or blocked shot occurs when a defensive player legally deflects a field goal attempt from an offensive player . The defender is not allowed to make contact with the offensive player 's hand ( unless the defender is also in contact with the ball ) or a foul is called . In order to be legal , the block must occur while the shot is traveling upward or at its apex . A deflected field goal that is made does not count as a blocked shot and simply counts as a successful field goal attempt for shooter plus the points awarded to the shooting team . Every successful blocked shot is counted as a missed field goal attempt for the shooter . Also , on a shooting foul , a blocked shot can not be awarded or counted , even if the player who deflected the field goal attempt is different from the player who committed the foul . If the ball is heading downward when the defender hits it , it is ruled as goaltending and counts as a made basket . Goaltending is also called if the block is made after the ball bounces on the backboard ( NFHS excepted ; the NCAA also used this rule until the 2009 -- 10 season ) .   Nicknames for blocked shots include `` rejections , '' `` stuffs , '' `` bushed '' , `` fudged '' , or notably `` double-fudged '' ( two-handed blocks ) , `` facials , '' `` swats , '' `` denials , '' and `` packs . '' Blocked shots were first officially recorded in the NBA during the 1973 -- 74 season .   Largely due to their height and position near the basket , centers and power forwards tend to record the most blocks , but shorter players with good jumping ability can also be blockers , an example being Dwyane Wade , the shortest player , at 6 ' 4 '' , to record 100 blocked shots in a single season . A player with the ability to block shots can be a positive asset to a team 's defense , as they can make it difficult for opposing players to shoot near the basket and by keeping the basketball in play , as opposed to swatting it out of bounds , a blocked shot can lead to a fast break , a skill Bill Russell was notable for . To be a good shot-blocker , a player needs great court sense and timing , and good height or jumping ability . One tactic is that a shot-blocker can intimidate opponents to alter their shots , resulting in a miss .

neg: Street A street is a public thoroughfare ( usually paved ) in a built environment . It is a public parcel of land adjoining buildings in an urban context , on which people may freely assemble , interact , and move about . A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt , but is more often paved with a hard , durable surface such as concrete , cobblestone or brick . Portions may also be smoothed with asphalt , embedded with rails , or otherwise prepared to accommodate non-pedestrian traffic .   Originally the word `` street '' simply meant a paved road ( Latin : `` via strata '' ) . The word `` street '' is still sometimes used colloquially as a synonym for `` road '' , for example in connection with the ancient Watling Street , but city residents and urban planners draw a crucial modern distinction : a road 's main function is transportation , while streets facilitate public interaction . Examples of streets include pedestrian streets , alleys , and city-centre streets too crowded for road vehicles to pass . Conversely , highways and motorways are types of roads , but few would refer to them as streets .

neg: Wards of Bangladesh In Bangladesh , a ward is an optional division of a city or town , especially an electoral district , for administrative and representative purposes . It is an elective unit of a City Corporation or Municipal Corporation , created for the purpose of providing more direct representation , from which a single council member is elected .

neg: Ward (KPK) Ward is Administrative Unit in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( KPK ) . It is notified in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013 .   Ward is same like Union Council , But Ward is new term and new demarcation by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government .  While Union Councils are based upon West Pakistan Land Revenue Act , 1967 ( W.P. Act No . XVII of 1967 )   Ward may consist of :  Village Council or  Neighbourhood Council   Village Council is rural places , while Neighbourhood Councils are urban and they are near to main city or have some of characteristics of city .   Each ward is considered to be a complete local government , having their own District Councilor , Tehsil Councilor , General Councilors , Peasant Councilors , Women Councilors and Youth Councilors , to represent different communities of human and to struggle for their own benefits .   In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa there are total 2996 Village Councils .  and 505 Neighborhood Councils . While total amount of Union Councils is 1001 .

neg: Smart work zone A smart work zone is a road work zone in which technology is employed to increase safety and provide information . Smart work zones often use radar guns or other non-intrusive sensors to detect the presence and speed of vehicles approaching a work zone , in order to display an appropriate message on one or more variable message signs .   In a `` dynamic merge '' system , for example , vehicles approaching a lane closure are directed to use all available lanes when congestion develops and speeds are low . When speeds are high , motorists are directed to merge early or are left to use their own judgement . Such a system is usually deployed in addition to traditional static messaging .   `` Blind-area '' diagrams can be generated using physical measurements and computer simulations to reveal the space around construction vehicles where workers and vehicles are at the highest risk of not being seen . A well-developed blind-area diagram can better inform construction crews on how to best block roads and position workers . Diagrams are created using a method jointly developed by the Caterpillar Inc. and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health which plots equipment on a grid and determines visibility of other objects relative to the equipment .   Category : Road construction

neg: Watchtower (magic) In the tradition of the 1880s Order of the Golden Dawn a watchtower or guardian in ceremonial and derived neopagan magical tradition is a tutelary spirit of one of the four cardinal points or `` quarters '' ( north , east , south , and west ) . They are also variously associated in many traditions with each the four classical elements ( earth , air , fire , and water ) and stars ( Fomalhaut , Aldebaran , Regulus , and Antares ) . The Watchtowers are invoked during the ritual of casting a magic circle .   Alternately , `` Watchtowers '' may refer specifically to the abodes of the Guardians , with the guardians themselves referred to as `` Watchers '' or simply `` Guardians '' .   In Christian influenced magic traditions , they are understood to be the Archangels Uriel , Raphael , Michael , and Gabriel .

neg: Tehsil A tehsil ( also known as a mandal , taluk , taluq or taluka ) is an administrative division of some countries of South Asia . It is an area of land with a city or town that serves as its administrative centre , with possible additional towns , and usually a number of villages . The terms in India have replaced earlier geographical terms , such as pargana , pergunnah and thannah , used under the Delhi Sultanate and the British Raj .   As an entity of local government , the tehsil office ( Panchayat Samiti ) exercises certain fiscal and administrative power over the villages and municipalities within its jurisdiction . It is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters . The chief official is called the tahsildar or , less officially , the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar or Tehsildar . Taluk or Tehsil can be said sub districts in Indian ( Bharat ) context . In some instances , Tehsils overlap with `` Blocks '' ( Panchayat union blocks or Panchayat development blocks ) , Tehsil comes under the Land and Revenue department headed by Tehsildar and Blocks come under the Rural development department headed by the Block Development Officer and serve the different government administrative function over the same or similar geographical area .   Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue divisions , known as revenue blocks , the two are distinct . For example , Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks . Nevertheless , the two are often conflated .   Tehsil/tahsil and taluka and their variants are used as English words without further translation . Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent , the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss , on the basis that a tehsil , like a county , is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city , town , or village , but subordinate to a larger state or province . India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy ( or more than one , at least in parts of India ) : the district , also sometimes translated as county . In neither case is the analogy very exact .

neg: Ward (law) In law , a ward is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian . The wardship jurisdiction is an ancient jurisdiction derived from the Crown 's duty as parens patriae to protect his/her subject , and particularly those unable to look after themselves . In the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms , the Queen as parens patriae is mother for all the children in her realms . A court may take responsibility for the legal protection of an individual , usually either a child or incapacitated person , in which case the ward is known as a ward of the court or a ward of the state . However , the House of Lords in the case of Re F ( Mental Patient : Sterilisation ) held that the Queen has no parens patriae jurisdiction with regard to mentally handicapped adults .   In Australia , New Zealand and the United States , the child is termed a ward of the court . In Ireland and the United Kingdom `` the '' is not used ; the ward is thus termed a ward of court . In Canada the legal term is Crown ward .   Children who are in the custody of government departments , also known as foster care , become wards of the respective government entity , and in the US wards of the states in which they reside . The government or state is in loco parentis to the child , which generally entails assuming all lawful authority to make medical and legal decisions on the child 's behalf .

neg: Police precinct Police precinct is a form of division of a geographical area patrolled by a police force . Sometimes , a precinct can also be a large Police station .   Police forces using this format include :   New York City Police Department  Boston Police Department  Portland Police Bureau  Seattle Police Department  Buffalo Police Department  Detroit Police Department  Chicago Police Department  Suffolk County Police Department  Nassau County Police Department

neg: Quadrat (hieroglyph block) A quadrat block ( or quadrate block ) is a virtual rectangle or square in Egyptian hieroglyphic text .   The glyphs ( hieroglyphs ) can be variable in number within the virtual block , though they are often proportioned according to variable standardized rules of scribal methods .   The definition for the block in Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook by Schumann-Antelme and Rossini , is : `` A ` quadrate ' is a virtual square , which although not drawn , guides the hand of the scribe . Hieroglyphs must be aesthetically positioned within the quadrate and their size must be proportioned accordingly . They form groups that are pleasing to the eye and based on the laws of balance . ''

neg: Brick A brick is building material used to make walls , pavements and other elements in masonry construction . Traditionally , the term brick referred to a unit composed of clay , but it is now used to denote any rectangular units laid in mortar . A brick can be composed of clay-bearing soil , sand , and lime , or concrete materials . Bricks are produced in numerous classes , types , materials , and sizes which vary with region and time period , and are produced in bulk quantities . Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks .   Block is a similar term referring to a rectangular building unit composed of similar materials , but is usually larger than a brick . Lightweight bricks ( also called lightweight blocks ) are made from expanded clay aggregate .   Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials , sometimes referred to as artificial stone , and have been used since circa 5000 BC . Air-dried bricks , also known as mudbricks , have a history older than fired bricks , and have an additional ingredient of a mechanical binder such as straw .   Bricks are laid in courses and numerous patterns known as bonds , collectively known as brickwork , and may be laid in various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together to make a durable structure .

neg: Block plane A block plane is a small woodworking hand plane which typically has the blade bedded at a lower angle than other planes , with the bevel up . It is designed to cut end grain and is typically small enough to be used with one hand .   According to Patrick 's Stanley Blood and Gore , Stanley marketing materials describe the origin of the name of this tool as follows : `` A Block Plane was first made to meet the demand for a Plane which could be easily held in one hand while planing across the grain , particularly the ends of boards , etc. . This latter work many Carpenters call ` Blocking in ' , hence the name ` Block ' Plane . '' Tradition also claims that the block plane gets its name from its traditional use to level and remove cleaver marks from butchers ' blocks that were built with the end grain facing up .   A block plane is frequently used for paring end grain . This is possible because a block plane has its blade set at a shallow bed angle , allowing the blade to slice through end grain more efficiently ; furthermore , for this to work , the plane is frequently held at an angle sometimes as much as 45 degrees to the direction of travel , so that the cutting edge slices the wood fibers as they pass from one end of the cutting edge to the other .   A block plane has many other uses in woodworking . Typically , it is used for cleaning up components by removing thin shavings of wood in order to make a component fit within fine tolerances . Chamfering ( angling square edges ) and removing glue lines are some of the other uses woodworkers find for the block plane .

neg: Cop Block Cop Block is a decentralized police accountability project formerly working to make police accountable for their actions . The organization 's members and volunteers attempt to draw attention to alleged or evident police abuses that happen across the United States , and work to film police to force transparency and accountability within their ranks as well . However , believing that accountability will never end police brutality , the group now shift its focus to anarchism and the complete abolishment of all law enforcement and the government .

neg: Neighborhoods of Accra The city of Accra is officially divided into four geographical regions - North , West , East , Central - and eleven sub-metropolitan areas : Osu Klottey , Ablekuma North , Ablekuma South , Ayawaso Central , Ayawaso East , Ayawaso North , Ayawaso West , La , Okaikoi North , Okaikoi South , Abossey Okai , and Ashiedu Keteke . The word `` neighborhood '' can take on various official and unofficial meanings . There are , however , 50 official neighborhoods ( i.e. planned and unplanned anchor neighborhoods ) within the city limits of Accra .   `` Neighborhoods '' exist on both large and small scales . Osu , Jamestown and Usshertown , established during the colonial era have well-defined boundaries by virtue of their siting around the respective forts of Christiansborg , James Fort , and Ussher Fort . The unplanned nature of the city has resulted in the development of slums and much smaller communities within officially recognized neighborhoods with a well-defined center but poorly identified extremities .

neg: Block suballocation Block suballocation is a feature of some computer file systems which allows large blocks or allocation units to be used while making efficient use of `` slack '' space at the end of large files , space which would otherwise be lost for other use to internal fragmentation .   In file systems that do n't support fragments , this feature is also called tail merging or tail packing because it is commonly done by packing the `` tail '' , or last partial block , of multiple files into a single block .

neg: Call blocking Call blocking , also known as call block , call screening , or call rejection , allows a telephone subscriber to block incoming calls from specific telephone numbers . This feature may require an additional payment to the subscriber 's telephone company or a third-party .   Call blocking is desired by individuals who wish to block unwanted phone calls . These generally include types of unsolicited calls from telemarketers and robocalls .

neg: Subdivision (land) ` Subdivision ' is the act of dividing land into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop , usually via a plat . The former single piece as a whole is then known in the United States as a subdivision . If it is used for housing it is typically known as a housing subdivision or housing development , although some developers tend to call these areas communities .   Subdivisions may also be for the purpose of commercial or industrial development , and the results vary from retail shopping malls with independently owned out parcels , to industrial parks .

neg: Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Swat The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Swat is an educational governmental body in Malakand Division , which conducts the exams , assign duties , and register the educational institutes in the region .

neg: Malook Abad, Swat Malook Abad ( Pashto : ملوک آباد ) is an administrative unit , known as Ward in Tehsil Babuzai , of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan .   According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013 , District Swat has 67 Wards , of which the total number of Village Councils is 170 , and Neighbourhood Councils is 44 .   Malook Abad is Territorial Ward , which is further divided in two Neighbourhood Councils :  Malook Abad No. 1 ( Neighbourhood Council )  Malook Abad No. 2 ( Neighbourhood Council )

neg: Emergency Response Unit An Emergency Response Unit is a name for a law enforcement or other civil government entity that is trained and equipped to respond quickly to emergency situations . In some instances , such a designation is given to a Special Weapons and Tactics unit , although it can also be used for units intended to respond to natural disasters and other situations not requiring the use of weaponry .   Examples include :  Garda Emergency Response Unit , a specialist armed tactical intervention team of Ireland 's police  Emergency Response Unit ( Norway ) , a division of the Norwegian Police Service  Emergency Response Unit ( IFRC ) , pre-trained teams of specialist volunteers of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies  Emergency Response Unit ( Cyprus ) , a division within the Cyprus police  Emergency Response Unit ( Iraq ) , in Iraq there are two such units , a counter-terrorism unit of the Iraqi Police , and another of the Iraqi Defense Ministry .  Emergency Response Unit ( Liberia )   Category : Law enforcement units   fr : Emergency Response Unit

neg: Surveying Surveying or land surveying is the technique , profession , and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them . A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor . These points are usually on the surface of the Earth , and they are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership , locations like building corners or the surface location of subsurface features , or other purposes required by government or civil law , such as property sales .   Surveyors work with elements of geometry , trigonometry , regression analysis , physics , engineering , metrology , programming languages and the law . They use equipment like total stations , robotic total stations , GPS receivers , retroreflectors , 3D scanners , radios , handheld tablets , digital levels , subsurface locators , drones , GIS and surveying software .   Surveying has been an element in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history . The planning and execution of most forms of construction require it . It is also used in transport , communications , mapping , and the definition of legal boundaries for land ownership . It is an important tool for research in many other scientific disciplines .


query: Paul Pogba made it to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final with the Juventus team.

pos: Paul Pogba Paul Labile Pogba ( born 15 March 1993 ) is a French professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Manchester United and the France national team . He operates primarily as a central midfielder and is comfortable playing both in attack and defence .   After beginning his career with Manchester United in 2011 , Pogba joined Italian side Juventus in 2012 , and helped the club to four consecutive Serie A titles , as well as two Coppa Italia and two Supercoppa Italiana titles . During his time with the club , he established himself as one of the most promising young players in the world , and received the Golden Boy award in 2013 , followed by the Bravo Award in 2014 and was named by The Guardian as one of the ten most promising young players in Europe . In 2016 , Pogba was named to the 2015 UEFA Team of the Year as well as the 2015 FIFA FIFPro World XI , after helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final . Despite leaving Manchester United on a free transfer , Pogba returned to the club in 2016 for a world record transfer fee of $ 105 million ( # 89.3 million ) .   Internationally , at under-20 level , he captained his nation to victory at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup and took home the Best Player award for his performances during the tournament . He made his debut for the senior French national team on 22 March 2013 in a 3 -- 1 win against Georgia , and scored his first World Cup goal on 30 June 2014 against Nigeria ; he was awarded the Best Young Player Award for his performances at the 2014 FIFA World Cup , after reaching the quarter-final . He later represented his nation at UEFA Euro 2016 on home soil , where he scored one goal as his team reached the final .

neg: 2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 .   United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final .   United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .

neg: 1994–95 Blackburn Rovers F.C. season The 1994 -- 95 season was Blackburn Rovers F.C. 's third season in the Premier League , and their third consecutive season in the top division of English football .   The season was marked by the club winning the Premier League title , ending their 81-year run without an English league title . They ended up winning the title by a one-point margin over Manchester United . Rovers led the way for most of the season , but a 2 -- 1 defeat at Kenny Dalglish 's old club Liverpool on the final day of the season briefly appeared to threaten their title hopes . Manchester United however could only draw ( 1 -- 1 ) at West Ham so the league title was back at Blackburn for the first time since 1914 . Jack Walker 's dream had come true : within five years of buying the club , he had taken them from strugglers in the old Second Division to champions of England .   Early exits from the League Cup , FA Cup and UEFA Cup to Liverpool , Newcastle and Trelleborg respectively were frustrating for Rovers in 1994 -- 95 , but turned out for the best as they could concentrate on the league challenge .   Kenny Dalglish won the Premier League Manager of the Year award for leading Blackburn to success , Alan Shearer won both the Golden Boot for contributing 34 of Blackburn 's 80 league goals and also the PFA Players ' Player of the Year award as nominated by his fellow professionals . Graeme Le Saux , Colin Hendry , Tim Sherwood and Shearer all made it into the PFA Team of the Year .

neg: 2015–16 VfL Wolfsburg season The 2015 -- 16 VfL Wolfsburg season is the 71st season in the club 's football history . In the previous season , Wolfsburg had finished in second place and qualified for the UEFA Champions League . Additionally , they won their first DFB-Pokal trophy in the club 's history , beating Borussia Dortmund in the final .   They opened their season by winning their first DFL-Supercup in the club 's history by defeating Bayern Munich in the 2015 final on penalties following a 1 -- 1 draw after 90 minutes .

neg: 1995–96 Juventus F.C. season Juventus Football Club finished second in Serie A and regained the European Cup trophy after 11 years , winning the Champions League final against Ajax 4 -- 2 on penalties in Rome . Juventus also won the Supercoppa Italiana in the late summer of 1995 , before going on to finish second in the league . Following the Champions League title , strikers Gianluca Vialli and Fabrizio Ravanelli were sold to Chelsea and Middlesbrough , respectively . The club also dropped Pietro Vierchowod , Paulo Sousa and Massimo Carrera . Instead , Juventus decided to sign playmaker Zinedine Zidane from Bordeaux , along with young striker Christian Vieri , who signed from Atalanta .

neg: 2013–14 Manchester City F.C. season The 2013 -- 14 season is Manchester City Football Club 's 112th season of competitive football , its 85th season in the top division of English football and its 17th season in the Premier League since the league was first created , with Manchester City as one of the original 22 founder-members .   The season was notable for City 's goal-scoring performances . On 18 January against Cardiff City , City became the fastest club in Premier League history to score 100 competitive goals in all competitions and the first to complete this feat before the end of January . They went on to score 156 goals in all competitions , breaking the previous goal aggregate record of 143 goals set by Manchester United in 1956 -- 57 .  Their 100th Premier League goal of the season was scored in the 4 -- 0 victory over Aston Villa on 7 May 2014 . This was the first time City had scored more than 100 league goals in the top English division in a season since 1957 -- 58 . Coincidentally , their 100th goal was notable for another reason , as it became the first goal in all of English league football to be decided via the Hawk-Eye system , which had been rolled out for use in English football at the start of the season .   The final tally of 102 league goals was at the time the second-highest Premier League season total and one goal short of Chelsea 's 2009 -- 10 record .  This was also the first Premier League season where a team had three individual players each score more than 15 league goals ( Yaya Touré , Sergio Agüero and Edin Džeko )   City recorded their first silverware of the Manuel Pellegrini era on 2 March 2014 , when they lifted the Football League Cup . In doing so , they became the first Manchester City side to lift the famous three-handled trophy since 1976 .   Then , on 11 May 2014 , they won the Premier League for the second time in three seasons with a 2 -- 0 win over West Ham United . It was the first time that Manchester City had won two major trophies in a season since the 1969 -- 70 season , when they won the League Cup and the Cup Winners ' Cup , and concluded one of the greatest seasons in the club 's history .

neg: 2014–15 Bundesliga The 2014 -- 15 Bundesliga was the 52nd season of the Bundesliga , Germany 's premier football competition . The season started on 22 August 2014 and the final matchday took place on 23 May 2015 . Bayern Munich won their 25th German title on 26 April 2015 .

neg: 1992 Coppa Italia Final The 1992 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1991 -- 92 Coppa Italia , the 44th season of the top cup competition in Italian football . The match was played over two legs on 7 May and 14 May 1992 between Juventus and Parma . The final was won by Parma , who claimed their first Coppa Italia title with a 2 -- 1 aggregate victory .

neg: 1994–95 Juventus F.C. season Juventus Football Club won the league title for the first time in nine years . The Scudetto was won in the wake of defender Andrea Fortunato 's death from cancer during the course of the season . The title was dedicated to the 23-year-old , who had been established in the starting line-up before he got sick .   This first Serie A success since the 1985 -- 86 season was accompanied by a Coppa Italia win over Parma . The Turin club won both legs , 1 -- 0 at the Stadio delle Alpi and 2 -- 0 at the Stadio Ennio Tardini .   In the UEFA Cup , Juventus again met Parma in the final , having previously beaten Borussia Dortmund . This time , however , Juventus were defeated by Parma ( 0 -- 1 , 1 -- 1 ) , thus denying them a season treble .

neg: 2014 Puskás Cup The 2014 Puskás Cup was the seventh edition of the Puskás Cup and took place between 18 April to 21 April in Felcsút , Hungary . Real Madrid were the defending champions .   On 3 March 2014 , it was announced that the final match of the 2014 Puskás Cup will be the opening match of the new Pancho Arena . György Szöllősi , communication director of the Ferenc Puskás Football Academy , announced that there will be 4,500 spectators at the final of the 2014 Puskás Cup . Among the invited guests there will be the wife of Ferenc Puskás , the former Croatian football legend , Davor Šuker , the former German international and Hungary coach , Lothar Matthäus , former Videoton coach and Portugal international Paulo Sousa , and former Golden Team members Jenő Buzánszky and Gyula Grosics . The opening speech will be delivered by the president of the Hungarian Olympic Committee and former Hungarian MP Pál Schmitt and the president of the Spanish Football Federation , Ángel María Villar .

neg: Celtic F.C. in European football Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Glasgow , which has regularly taken part in European competitions since its first appearance in the 1962 -- 63 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup . Since then , the club has competed in every UEFA organised competition , with the exception of the now defunct Intertoto Cup .   The club became the first British team and only Scottish team to win the European Cup , by beating Inter Milan in the 1967 final . The team that defeated Inter at the final held at the Estádio Nacional in Lisbon have since become known as `` The Lisbon Lions '' . During the 1960s , Celtic also twice reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup before reaching a further European Cup final in 1970 where they lost 2 -- 1 to Feyenoord after extra-time , and then two further European Cup semi-finals in 1972 and 1974 .   In more recent years , Celtic reached the 2003 UEFA Cup Final in Seville , which they lost 3 -- 2 after extra time to Porto , and also reached the last 16 of the Champions League on three occasions in the 2006 -- 07 , 2007 -- 08 and 2012 -- 13 seasons . The 2016 -- 17 season competing in the Champions League saw Celtic participating in its 53rd European campaign .   Scott Brown , Celtic 's current captain , holds the club record for the most appearances , playing in 75 matches . Henrik Larsson , who scored twice in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final , is the club 's record goalscorer , with 35 goals .

neg: Filippo Penna Filippo Penna ( born 24 March 1995 ) is an Italian footballer who plays as a central defender for Santarcangelo .   On 8 July 2015 he was signed by Lanciano along with Marco Di Benedetto , as part of the deal that Mame Baba Thiam moved to Juventus outright in June .

neg: Paul Scholes Paul Scholes ( -LSB- ˈpɔːl_ˈskoʊlz -RSB- born 16 November 1974 ) is an English retired footballer who played his entire professional career for Manchester United . He is currently co-owner of Salford City and a television pundit for BT Sport . He is the most decorated English footballer of all time , and one of the most successful footballers in history , having won a total of 25 trophies , featuring 11 Premier League titles and two Champions League titles .   Born in Salford and raised in Langley from infancy , Scholes excelled in both cricket and football while at school . He first trained with Manchester United at the age of 14 after being spotted by a scout visiting his school , signing for them as an apprentice on leaving school in 1991 , and turning professional in 1993 . He made his full debut for United in the 1994 -- 95 season . Scholes represented the England national team from 1997 to 2004 , gaining 66 caps and participating in the 1998 and 2002 World Cups , as well as the UEFA Euro 2000 and Euro 2004 tournaments . Regarded as one of the best midfielders of his generation , over his career , he has received praise from other managers and players , including Xavi , who called him `` the best central midfielder I 've seen in the last 15 , 20 years '' . Thierry Henry has cited Scholes as the greatest player in Premier League history . However , Scholes has also been criticised for his disciplinary record , amassing the fourth-most yellow cards in Premier League history with 97 , and the most yellow cards in Champions League history with 32 .   Scholes made 718 appearances for United , the third-highest number of appearances by any player for the club . Scholes announced his retirement from playing on 31 May 2011 , receiving a testimonial match , and began his coaching career at the club from the 2011 -- 12 season onward . However , he reversed this decision on 8 January 2012 , and went on to play one more season before retiring again in May 2013 .

neg: 2015–16 UEFA Europa League knockout phase The 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League knockout phase began on 16 February and concluded on 18 May 2016 with the final at St. Jakob-Park in Basel , Switzerland , to decide the champions of the 2015 -- 16 UEFA Europa League . A total of 32 teams competed in the knockout phase .   Times up to 26 March 2016 ( round of 32 and round of 16 ) were CET ( UTC +1 ) , thereafter ( quarter-finals and beyond ) times were CEST ( UTC +2 ) .

neg: 1994–95 Serie A The 1994 -- 95 Serie A was won by Juventus F.C. , who finished 10 points ahead of their nearest rivals Lazio and Parma . Two pieces of silverware were seized by Juventus , who won the Coppa Italia but were beaten in the final of the UEFA Cup by Parma . Milan 's fourth-place finish after three successive Serie A titles was joined with further disappointment in the UEFA Champions League , as they lost the final to Dutch champions Ajax . The relegated Serie A sides this season were Genoa , Foggia , Reggiana and Brescia .   This was the first Serie A season to award three points for a win in the league table .

neg: 2009 FIFA Club World Cup The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was a football tournament played from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . It was the sixth FIFA Club World Cup and was played in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Australia , Japan and Portugal also placed bids to host the tournament , but Portugal later withdrew from the process .   The final was played on 19 December 2009 and was won by European champions Barcelona , who came from behind to defeat the South American entrants , Estudiantes , 2 -- 1 after extra time . Mauro Boselli put Estudiantes ahead in the 37th minute , but Pedro equalised with one minute left in normal time before Lionel Messi scored the winning goal five minutes into the second half of extra time . This made Barcelona the first Spanish side to win the FIFA Club World Cup , and it also meant that they had won a total of six competitions in the 2009 calendar year , beating Liverpool 's record five trophies won in 2001 .

neg: 2010–11 La Liga The 2010 -- 11 La Liga season ( known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons ) was the 80th since its establishment . The campaign began on 28 August 2010 and ended on 21 May 2011 . A total of 20 teams contested the league , 17 of which already contested in the 2009 -- 10 season and three of which were promoted from the Segunda División . In addition , a new match ball -- the Nike Total 90 Tracer -- served as the official ball for all matches .   Defending champions Barcelona secured their third-consecutive and 21st La Liga title after a 1 -- 1 tie with Levante on 11 May 2011 . The result gave Barcelona a 6-point lead with two matches remaining which , combined with their better head-to-head record with Real Madrid , ensured that they finished top of the table . Barcelona led the table since defeating Madrid 5 -- 0 on 23 November 2010 . Since then , they lost only one match en route to winning the title . It was the third straight title for Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola . Lionel Messi won the LFP Award for Best Player , which marked his third consecutive win .   The season was again dominated by Barcelona and Real Madrid , with second-place Madrid 21 points ahead of third-place Valencia . Having encountered each other in the Champions League semifinals and the Copa del Rey final , the top two teams met 4 times in 17 days , for a total of 5 times this season .   The most significant managerial change prior to the start of the season was two-time Champions League-winning José Mourinho taking over at Real Madrid .

neg: 2014–15 UEFA Champions League knockout phase The 2014 -- 15 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 17 February and concluded on 6 June 2015 with the final at Olympiastadion in Berlin , Germany to decide the champions of the 2014 -- 15 UEFA Champions League . A total of 16 teams competed in the knockout phase .   Times up to 28 March 2015 ( round of 16 ) were CET ( UTC +1 ) , thereafter ( quarter-finals and beyond ) times were CEST ( UTC +2 ) .

neg: 2006 UEFA Champions League Final The 2006 UEFA Champions League Final was an association football match between Barcelona of Spain and Arsenal of England at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis , Paris , France , on Wednesday , 17 May 2006 . It was the final match of the 2005 -- 06 season of Europe 's primary cup competition , the UEFA Champions League . Barcelona were appearing in their fifth final , having won the competition once in 1992 , and lost the other three finals . Arsenal were appearing in the final for the first time and in doing so became the first club from London to feature in the final .   Each club needed to progress through the group stage and knockout rounds to reach the final , playing 12 matches in total . Barcelona won their group and progressed to the final after beating Chelsea , Benfica and Milan , respectively . Arsenal won their group to move into the knockout stage , and progressed without conceding a goal against Real Madrid , Juventus and Villarreal , respectively .   A crowd of 79,500 watched as Jens Lehmann was sent off early in the game . Despite this setback , Arsenal took the lead through Sol Campbell towards the end of the first half . The game turned with the 61st minute introduction of Henrik Larsson as a Barcelona substitute . Larsson provided two assists , one each for Samuel Eto'o and Juliano Belletti . The 2 -- 1 victory was Barcelona 's second triumph in the competition 14 years after they won the European Cup in 1992 .

neg: UEFA Euro 2012 The 2012 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012 , was the 14th European Championship for men 's national football teams organised by UEFA . The final tournament , held between 8 June and 1 July 2012 , was co-hosted for the first time by Poland and Ukraine , and was won by Spain , who beat Italy 4 -- 0 in the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy in Kiev , Ukraine .   Poland and Ukraine 's bid was chosen by UEFA 's Executive Committee on 18 April 2007 . The two host teams qualified automatically while the remaining 14 finalists were decided through a qualifying competition , featuring 51 teams , from August 2010 to November 2011 . This was the last European Championship to employ the 16-team finals format in use since 1996 ; from Euro 2016 onward , it was expanded to 24 finalists .   Euro 2012 was played at eight venues , four in each host country . Five new stadiums were built for the tournament , and the hosts invested heavily in improving infrastructure such as railways and roads at UEFA 's request . Euro 2012 set attendance records for the 16-team format , for the highest aggregate attendance ( 1,440,896 ) and average per game ( 46,481 ) .   Spain became the first team to win two consecutive European Championships , and also three straight major tournaments ( Euro 2008 , 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012 ) . Spain had already gained entry to the 2013 Confederations Cup by winning the 2010 World Cup , so runners-up Italy qualified instead . As at Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland , both 2012 host nations were eliminated in the group stage .

neg: 1984 European Cup Winners' Cup Final The 1984 European Cup Winners ' Cup Final was a football match contested between Juventus of Italy and Porto of Portugal . it was the final match of the 1983 -- 84 European Cup Winners ' Cup and the 24th European Cup Winners ' Cup Final . It was held at St. Jakob Stadium in Basel , Switzerland .   Juventus won the match 2 -- 1 due to goals by Beniamino Vignola and Zbigniew Boniek . It was the fourth year in succession that the final had been settled by a 2 -- 1 scoreline .