query: Chinese people are people associated with Ireland.

pos: Chinese people Chinese people are the various individuals or groups of people associated with China , either through ancestry , ethnicity , nationality , citizenship , or other affiliation .

neg: Hui people The Hui people ( , Xiao'erjing : خُوِذُو Dungan : Хуэйзў , Xuejzw ) are a Chinese ethnic group which is composed predominantly of adherents of the Muslim faith and found throughout China , though they are concentrated mainly in the Northwestern provinces of the country and the Zhongyuan . According to a 2011 census , China is home to approximately 10.5 million Hui people , the majority of whom are Chinese-speaking practitioners of Islam , though some may practice other religions .   Hui people are ethnically and linguistically similar to Han Chinese with the exception that most of them practice Islam , engendering distinctive cultural characteristics . For example , as Muslims , they follow Islamic dietary laws and reject the consumption of pork , the most common meat consumed in China , and have given rise to their variation of Chinese cuisine . Traditional Hui clothing differs from that of other Chinese groups as it incorporates elements primarily found in other Islamic cultures . However , since the rapid industrialization and modernization of China , younger generations have slowly been shifting towards Western dress code .   The Hui people are one of 56 ethnic groups recognized by China . The government defines the Hui people to include all historically Muslim communities not included in China 's other ethnic groups . The Hui predominantly speak Chinese , while maintaining some Persian and Arabic phrases . In fact , the Hui ethnic group is unique among Chinese ethnic minorities in that it associates with non-Sinitic languages .   The Hui people are more concentrated in Northwestern China ( Ningxia , Gansu , Qinghai , Xinjiang ) , but communities exist across the country , e.g. Beijing , Inner Mongolia , Hebei , Hainan , and Yunnan .

neg: Irish conjugation Irish verb forms are constructed either synthetically or analytically .   Synthetic forms express the information about person and number in the ending : e.g. , molaim `` I praise '' , where the ending - aim stands for `` 1st person singular present '' . In this case , a pronoun is not allowed : -LSB- Asterisk #Generativist tradition in linguistics , * molaim mé -RSB- is ungrammatical . Molann mé is allowed but using the - aim ending is more common .   Analytic forms are those whose endings contain no information about person and number , and a pronoun is necessary : e.g. , molann sibh `` you ( pl . ) praise '' , where the ending - ann expresses only the present tense , and the pronoun sibh `` you '' ( pl . ) must accompany it in order to express `` 2nd person plural '' .   In addition to the three persons , Irish also has an impersonal form ( also called the `` autonomous '' form ) , which is used in forming passives and can conveniently be translated with `` one '' or `` someone '' as the subject . Shown below are the distribution of synthetic and analytic forms in the standard language ; in the dialects , other patterns may be found , although some of the most important distinctions made in certain dialects are pointed out in this article .   See Irish orthography for a discussion of how verb endings are pronounced .

neg: China–France relations China -- France relations , also known as Sino-French relations or Franco-Chinese relations , refers to the interstate relations between China and France ( Kingdom or later ) .   Note that the meaning of both `` China '' and `` France '' as entities has changed throughout history ; this article will discuss what was commonly considered ` France ' and ` China ' at the time of the relationships in question . There have been many political , cultural and economic relationships between the two countries .

neg: Overseas Taiwanese Overseas Taiwanese , also called `` people of Taiwanese descent '' , are people who are living outside of Republic of China on Taiwan but are of Taiwanese ancestry or descent . Overseas Taiwanese may live in other territories such as the People 's Republic of China and are not necessarily Republic of China nationals .   Overseas Taiwanese may not have been born in or lived in the Republic of China . Some Overseas Taiwanese also consider themselves Overseas Chinese . In November 2014 the Taipei Times cited an estimate of 1 million Taiwanese living in mainland China .   Overseas citizens must return to Taiwan to legally vote in elections , as Taiwan does not use absentee ballots .   In the United States , there are 230,382 to 919,000 people of Taiwanese descent living in the country . They are mostly concentrated in California , New York , and Texas . There are over 91,000 Taiwanese people in Canada , mainly living in the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario .

neg: Irish martial arts There are a number of traditional martial arts styles native to Ireland .   The Irish language term for `` martial arts '' is ealaíona comhraic .   Traditional styles include Dornálaíocht ( boxing ) , Coraíocht ( wrestling ) , Speachóireacht ( kicking ) , and Batadóireacht ( stick fighting ) .

neg: Irish population analysis The population of the Island of Ireland in 2016 was approximately 6.6 million comprising 4.75 million in the Republic of Ireland with another 1.85 million in Northern Ireland . Although this is a significant growth over recent years , it is still some way below the record high of the early 1840s .   Between 1780 and 1840 , Ireland experienced rapid population growth , rising from about 3 million in 1780 to over 8 million by 1840 . In 1841 , the population of the area now covering the Republic of Ireland was over 6.5 million people . The subsequent Great Famine and the emigration it caused had a dramatic effect , so that by 1871 , the 26-county population had dropped by over a third to four million , and by 1926 had reduced further to three million . It held firm around three million until the early 1970s , when the population began to rise again . Future predictions are for the population to continue to rise until 2031 when it is predicted to be just over five million . The Republic of Ireland is one of the few remaining developed economies to have growth of this scale .   Below are some statistics to illustrate the rise , fall and rise again of the population since 1841 . The statistics also illustrate a massive population shift from the west to the east of the country and increasing urbanisation . Counties such as Mayo , Roscommon , Donegal and Leitrim have become depopulated while counties surrounding Dublin including Wicklow , Kildare , Louth and Meath have seen rapid population growth in recent years .

neg: St Patrick's Society of Hong Kong The St Patrick 's Society of Hong Kong was established in 1931 to provide a forum for members of the Irish community and friends of Ireland in Hong Kong to celebrate Ireland 's unique culture and heritage through social gatherings and events .   The Society 's first President was Sir Joseph Kemp CBE , the former Chief Justice of Hong Kong , who was elected in 1931 . Since then , an esteemed list of influential figures in the landscape of Hong Kong have been elected President .   The role of the Society has evolved over its lifetime , from the position when it was the only formalized Irish representation in Hong Kong , to its current position , where it is one of a number of Irish established organisations in Hong Kong .   Being the only formal Irish representation , the Society has played a key role in representing Ireland in Hong Kong .   The Society is registered as a society under the Hong Kong Societies Ordinance . It operates as a limited company and is governed by a board of directors that it elected annually at the annual general meeting . The President of the Society is elected by the outgoing board of directors .   The highlight of the Society 's social calendar is The St Patrick 's Society Ball , an event that has a steeped history in Hong Kong . In its formative years , the Ball was held in the former Hilton Hotel ( site of Cheung Kong Center ) , then to the Furama Hotel ( the site of AIA tower ) , before moving to its current location of the Grand Hyatt Hong Kong in 2002 . The Hong Kong-based Celtic Connections Chamber Choir , founded by Canice Gleeson in 2010 , is a regular performer at the annual ball .

neg: Canada–Ireland relations Canada -- Ireland relations are those between Canada and Republic of Ireland . Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations , the importance of which centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada and the two countries ' shared history as parts of the British Empire . Approximately 4.5 million Canadians claimed to have Irish ancestors ( approximately 14 % of Canada 's population ) . Both nations are mutual members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , United Nations and the World Trade Organization .

neg: Irish Americans Irish Americans ( Gael-Mheiriceánaigh ) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland , especially those who identify with that ancestry , along with their cultural characteristics . About 33.3 million Americans -- 10.5 % of the total population -- reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau . This compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland . Three million people separately identified as Scots-Irish , whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States .

neg: The Ireland That We Dreamed Of `` On Language & the Irish Nation '' , was the title of a radio address made by Éamon de Valera , then Taoiseach of Ireland , on Raidió Éireann on St. Patrick 's Day ( 17 March ) 1943 . It is often called The Ireland that we dreamed of , a phrase which is used within it , or the `` comely maidens '' ' speech , a misquotation . The speech marked the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Gaelic League ( Conradh na Gaeilge ) , a group promoting Irish culture and the Irish language . In the most frequently quoted passage of the speech , de Valera set out his vision of an ideal Ireland :   De Valera had made an annual radio speech on St Patrick 's Day since coming to power after the 1932 election . At the time the 1943 speech was made , the Second World War was raging and the threat of German invasion ( Operation Green ) or British re-occupation ( Plan W ) was very real .   The 1943 speech in later years has been critiqued and often derided as archetypal of de Valera 's traditionalist view of an isolationist , agricultural land where women held a traditional role . The phrase most commonly cited in this regard is the misquotation `` comely maidens dancing at the crossroads '' . The speech in fact made no mention of crossroads dances , a rural tradition then dying out . Although de Valera actually said `` happy maidens '' in the broadcast , the phrase was `` comely maidens '' in the prepared text sent in advance to the newspapers , printed in the following day 's Irish Press , and reprinted in Maurice Moynihan 's 1980 anthology . It was a double LP record of speeches from the RTÉ archives , released in 1982 on the centenary of his birth , which brought the correct wording back to public notice .   In 2007 , J. J. Lee and Diarmaid Ferriter argued for a reappraisal of the speech in the light of the Celtic Tiger consumption bubble and the Moriarty Tribunal revelations of corruption by 1980s Taoiseach Charles Haughey . Lee suggested de Valera 's `` Victorian language '' gave his vision an antiquated tone that hid the continuing relevance of much of its vision . Ferriter called it `` the most famous broadcast by any Irish politician of the twentieth century '' .

neg: Chinese Cambodian Chinese Cambodians are Cambodian people of Chinese or partial Chinese descent . The Khmer term Khmer kat Chen is used for people of mixed Cambodian & Chinese descent while Khmer Chen can mean Cambodian born citizens of Chinese ancestry ( Khmer is the majority ethnic group of Cambodia and Chen means `` Chinese '' in the Khmer language ) . During the late 1960s and early 1970s , they were the largest ethnic minority in Cambodia ; there were an estimated 425,000 . However , by 1984 , there were only 61,400 Cambodians of Chinese ancestry left . This has been attributed to a combination of warfare , economic stagnation , Khmer Rouge , and emigration . There are , however , tens of thousands of mixed Chinese and Khmer ancestry .   Despite their relatively small population , Chinese Cambodians are over represented in some of the most visible aspects of Cambodian society , often leading to feelings ranging from resentment to outright discrimination by `` pure '' Khmers . Chinese Cambodians play leading roles in the Cambodian business sector as well as within Cambodia 's political scene . Chinese Cambodians also have a considerable presence in the Cambodian economy and are estimated to own a vast share of it . Many Chinese Cambodians are particularly influential in the Cambodian banking sector where money-lending and shopkeeping enterprises are prevalent . Of particular note is China 's economic role in the country which encouraged Sino-Khmer businessmen to reestablish their past businesses which were once suppressed by the Khmer Rouge .

neg: Ireland–Philippines relations Ireland -- Philippines relations are the political , economic , religious and cultural relations between Ireland and the Philippines . Ireland is represented in the Philippines through its embassy in Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysia ) and an honorary consulate in Manila . The Philippines had an embassy in Dublin but due to financial and organisational burdens was forced to close in 2012 .

neg: Religion in Hong Kong Religion in Hong Kong is characterized by a multi-faith diversity of beliefs and practices .   Most of the Hong Kong people of Chinese descent practice Chinese folk religion -- which may include Confucian and Taoist doctrines and ritual traditions -- or Buddhism , mostly of the Chinese variety .   According to official statistics for the year 2016 among the Hong Kong people who belong to an organised religion there are : over 1 million Buddhists , over 1 million Taoists , 480,000 Protestants , 379,000 Catholics , 300,000 Muslims , 100,000 Hindus , 12,000 Sikhs , and other smaller communities .   The great majority of the population mostly follow Chinese traditional religions , which comprehend the worship of local gods and ancestors , in many cases not declaring this practice as a religious affiliation in surveys . The traditional Chinese religiosity was generally discouraged during the British rule over Hong Kong , which favoured Christianity . With the end of the British rule and the handover of the sovereignty of the city-state to China , there has been a renewal of Buddhist and Chinese folk religions .

neg: Chinese Taoist Association Chinese Taoist Association ( CTA ; ) , founded in April 1957 , is the main association of Taoism in the People 's Republic of China . It is recognized as one of the main religious associations in the People 's Republic of China , and is overseen by the State Administration for Religious Affairs . Dozens of regional and local Taoist associations are included in this overarching group , which is encouraged by the government to be a bridge between Chinese Taoists and the government , to encourage a patriotic merger between Taoism and government initiatives . The group also disseminates information on traditional Taoist topics , including forums and conferences . The association was a major sponsor of the 2007 International Forum on the Tao Te Ching . The Chinese Taoist Association advocates the recompensation of losses inflicted on Taoism by the Cultural Revolution . Taoism was banned for several years in the People 's Republic of China during that period .   Taoist practitioners in China are required to register with the Chinese Taoist Association in order to be granted recognition and official protection . The CTA exercises control over religious doctrine and personnel , and dictates the proper interpretation of Taoist doctrine . It also encourages Taoist practitioners to support the Communist Party and the state . For example , a Taoist scripture reading class held by the CTA in November 2010 required participants to `` fervently love the socialist motherland -LSB- and -RSB- uphold the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party . '' The central government of China has supported and encouraged the Association , along with other official religious groups , in promoting the `` harmonious society '' initiative of Communist Party General Secretary Hu Jintao .

neg: List of Irish words used in the English language For a list of Irish words that have been imported into English , see the list of English words of Irish origin .   For help with pronunciation , see Help : IPA , Help : IPA for Irish , and Irish phonology .   Irish words used in English in modern Ireland without being assimilated to English forms include :  Amhrán na bhFiann : National Anthem of Ireland ( literally `` Soldiers Song '' )  pronounced ( -LSB- / ˈəuɾˠaːn̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈvʲiːən̪ˠ / -RSB- )  Áras an Uachtaráin : Residence of the President  pronounced -LSB- / ˈɑːrəs ən ˈuəxt̪ərɑːnʲ / -RSB-  Ardfheis : Party conference ( used by Fianna Fáil , Fine Gael and Sinn Féin )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈɑːɾˠd̪ˠ ˈɛɕ / -RSB-  Ard-Rí : High King ( title used in the Middle Ages )  pronounced -LSB- / ɑːrd riː / -RSB-  Bord Fáilte : Irish Tourist Board ( literally `` Welcome Board '' ; now called Fáilte Ireland )  pronounced -LSB- / boːrd ˈfɑːʎtʲə / -RSB-  Bunreacht na hÉireann : Constitution of Ireland  pronounced -LSB- / ˈbunraxt nə ˈheːrʲən / -RSB-  Ceann Comhairle : Chairman of Dáil Éireann  pronounced -LSB- / kʲaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːrʎə / -RSB-  Dáil Éireann : House of Representatives ( lower house of the Irish Parliament )  pronounced -LSB- / d̪ˠaːlʲ ˈeːrʲən̪ˠ / -RSB-  Éire : Ireland  pronounced -LSB- / ˈeːɾʲə / -RSB-  Fianna Fáil : Irish political party ( literally `` Soldiers of Destiny '' )  pronounced -LSB- / ˌfʲiənə ˈfɔːlʲ / -RSB-  Fine Gael : Irish political party ( literally `` Family of the Gael '' )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈfʲɪnʲə ˈɡeːl̪ˠ / -RSB-  Gaeltacht : Irish-speaking area  pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡeːɫ̪t̪ˠəxt̪ˠ / -RSB-  Garda : police officer ( plural Gardaí )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡaːrd̪ə / -RSB- , pl . -LSB- / ˈɡaːɾˠd̪ˠiː / -RSB-  Garda Síochána : Irish police service ( literally `` Guardian of the Peace '' )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈɡaːrd̪ə ˈʃiːxaːn̪ˠə n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB-  Oireachtas : ( National Parliament )  pronounced -LSB- / ɛrʲaxt̪ˠasˠ / -RSB-  Príomh Aire : Prime Minister ( 1919 -- 1921 only )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈpʲrʲiːv ˈarʲə / -RSB-  Punt : Irish pound ( currency , now replaced by the euro )  pronounced -LSB- / punt / -RSB-  Raidió Teilifís Éireann : National broadcasting service ( RTÉ )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈradʲo ˈtʲɛlʲəfʲiːʃ ˈeːrʲən / -RSB-  Saorstát Éireann : Irish Free State  pronounced -LSB- / ˈsiːrˌstɑːt ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB-  Seanad Éireann : Irish Senate ( upper house of the Irish Parliament )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB-  Sinn Féin : Irish political party ( literally `` Our-selves '' )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈʃiɲ fʲeːnʲ / -RSB-  Sliotar : Ball used in hurling ( see Gaelic Athletic Association )  pronounced -LSB- / ʃlʲɪt̪ˠəɾˠ / -RSB-  Tánaiste : Deputy Prime Minister  pronounced -LSB- / ˈtɑːnəʃtʲə / -RSB-  Taoiseach : Prime Minister ( literally `` Chieftain '' )  pronounced -LSB- t̪ˠiːʃəx -RSB-  Teachta Dála : Member of the lower house of Parliament ( TD )  pronounced -LSB- / ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə / -RSB-  Uachtarán na hÉireann : President of Ireland  pronounced -LSB- / ˈuəxt̪ˠəɾˠɑːn̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ / -RSB-  Údarás na Gaeltachta : Development Authority for the Gaeltacht  pronounced -LSB- / ˈuːdərɑːs nə ˈɡeːltəxtə / -RSB-   Other , more informal terms include :  banshee -- bean sí .  barmbrack -- An Irish fruit loaf . ó bairín breac , speckled loaf .  bodhrán -- A winnowing drum used as a musical instrument .  bog -- ( from bogach meaning `` marsh/peatland '' ) a wetland ( according to OED ) .  bonnaught -- A type of billeting or a billeted soldier . From Irish buannacht , billeting or billeting tax .  boreen -- ( from bóithrín meaning `` small road '' ) a narrow rural road in Ireland .  brat -- a cloak or overall -- now only in regional dialects ( from Old Irish bratt meaning `` cloak , cloth '' )  brehon -- A judge of ancient Irish law . From Irish breitheamh .  brogue -- ( from bróg meaning `` shoe '' ) a type of shoe ( OED ) .  brogue -- A strong regional accent , especially an Irish or one . Not as the OED says , a reference to the footwear of speakers of the brogue , but from barróg , an Irish word for a lisp or accent .  callow -- A river meadow , a landing-place , from Irish caladh .  camogie -- From Irish camóg , small hooked object , a camogue . The women 's equivalent of hurling .  carrageen -- moss . From Irish carraigín , ` little rock ' .  carrow -- An ancient Irish gambler , from cearrbhach .  caubeen -- An Irish beret , adopted as part of the uniform of Irish regiments of the British Army . From cáibín .  clabber -- also bonny-clabber ( from clábar and bainne clábair ) curdled milk .  clarsach -- An ancient Irish and Scottish harp , from Irish cláirseach .  clock O.Ir . clocc meaning `` bell '' . Probably entered Germanic via the hand-bells used by early Irish missionaries .  coccagee Cac na gé -- goose shit . The name of a type of cider apple found in Ireland , so called for its green colour .  colcannon -- A kind of ` bubble and squeak ' . Probably from cál ceannfhionn , white headed cabbage .  colleen -- ( from cailín meaning `` a girl '' ) .  conk -- Slang term for a big nose . The term Old Conky was a nickname for the Duke of Wellington . Dinneen gives coinncín as ` a prominent nose ' and this seems to be related to terms like geanc , meaning a snub nose .  coshering -- Nothing to do with Jewish dietary law . Coshering ( from Irish cóisir , feast ) was when a lord went round staying with his subjects and expecting to be entertained . Because of this cóisireacht can mean ` sponging ' in Modern Irish , though cóisir usually just means a party .  coyne -- A kind of billeting , from Irish coinmheadh .  crock - As in ' A crock of gold ' , from Irish cnoc .  cross -- The ultimate source of this word is Latin crux . The English word comes from Old Irish cros via Old Norse kross .  crubeens - Pig 's feet , from Irish Crúibín .  cudeigh -- A night 's lodging , from Irish cuid na hoíche .  curragh -- An Irish boat made from skins or tarred canvas stretched over a wooden frame . Irish currach .  drum , drumlin -- from Irish droim , droimlín . A ridge or small hill of glacial origin , such as in the landscape of Down .  drisheen -- is a type of black pudding associated with Cork . From drisín .  dudeen -- A clay pipe , from Irish dúidín .  dulse -- From Irish duileasc , originally meaning water leaf . A type of edible seaweed .  erenagh -- A hereditary holder of church lands . Irish aircheannach .  esker -- From eiscir , an elongated ridge of post-glacial gravel , usually along a river valley ( OED ) .  Fenian -- From Fianna meaning `` semi-independent warrior band '' , a member of a 19th-century Irish nationalist group ( OED ) .  fiacre -- a small four-wheeled carriage for hire , a hackney-coach , associated with St Fiacre area of Paris . Named for Saint Fiachra .  fiorin -- A type of long grass , derived from Irish feorthainn .  Gallowglass -- ( from gallóglach ) a Scottish Gaelic mercenary soldier in Ireland between mid 13th and late 16th centuries .  galore -- ( from go leor meaning `` plenty '' ) a lot .  gillaroo -- A type of fish . From Irish giolla rua , red lad .  glib -- An obsolete term for a kind of haircut associated with warriors ( because it protected the forehead ) banned by the English . Irish glib , fringe .  glom - ( from glám ) To become too attached to someone .  gob -- ( literally beak ) mouth . From Irish gob . ( OED )  grouse -- In slang sense of grumble , perhaps from gramhas , meaning grin , grimace , ugly face .  griskin -- ( from griscín ) a lean cut of meat from the loin of a pig , a chop .  hooligan -- ( from the Irish family name Ó hUallacháin , anglicised as Hooligan or Hoolihan ) .  keening -- From caoinim ( meaning `` I wail '' ) to lament , to wail mournfully ( OED .  kern -- An outlaw or a common soldier . From ceithearn or ceithearnach , still the word in Irish for a pawn in chess .  Leprechaun -- a fairy or spirit ( from leipreachán )  Limerick -- ( from Luimneach ) . The limerick form was particularly associated in the 18th century with a group of Irish language poets called Filí na Máighe .  lough -- ( from loch ) a lake , or arm of the sea .  madder -- Also mether . A traditional square-sided wooden drinking vessel , Irish meadar .  merrow -- An Irish mermaid . Irish murúch .  moiley An ancient breed of Irish hornless cattle , from maol , bald or hornless .  mucker - ( from mo chara ) A friend  ogham Ancient Irish alphabet . The Irish is also ogham ( pronounced oh-um ) .  omadhaun - A fool , from Irish amadán .  orrery A mechanical model of solar system , named for the Earl of Orrery . This is an old Irish tribal name , Orbhraighe .  pampootie -- pampúta A kind of shoe with good grip worn by men in the Aran Islands .  phoney -- ( probably from the English fawney meaning `` gilt brass ring used by swindlers '' , which is from Irish fáinne meaning `` ring '' ) fake .  pinkeen -- From pincín , a minnow or an insignificant person . This in turn comes from English pink + Irish diminutive -- ín .  pollan -- A fish found in Irish loughs , Irish pollán .  pookawn -- A fishing boat , from Irish púcán .  poteen -- ( from poitín ) hooch , bootleg alcoholic drink .  puck -- ( in hockey ) Almost certainly from Irish poc , according to the OED .  puss -- As in sourpuss , comes from Irish pus , a pouting mouth .  rapparee -- An Irish highwayman , from ropaire ( a stabber )  rath -- A strong circular earthen wall forming an enclosure and serving as a fort and residence for a tribal chief . From Irish rath .  shamrock -- ( from seamróg ) a shamrock , diminutive of seamair , clover , used as a symbol for Ireland .  Shan Van Vocht -- ( from seanbhean bhocht meaning `` poor old woman '' ) a literary name for Ireland in the 18th and 19th centuries .  Shanty - A poorly built home in a slum area ( from sean tigh , meaning `` an old house '' ) .  shebeen -- ( from síbín meaning `` illicit whiskey , poteen '' , apparently a diminutive of síob , which means drift , blow , ride ) unlicensed house selling alcohol ( OED ) .  shillelagh -- ( from sail éille meaning `` a beam with a strap '' ) a wooden club or cudgel made from a stout knotty stick with a large knob on the end .  shoneen -- A West Brit , an Irishman who apes English customs . From Irish Seoinín , a little John ( in a Gaelic version of the English form , Seon , not the Irish Seán ) .  Sidhe Modern Sí -- the fairies , fairyland .  slauntiagh -- An obsolete word for sureties or guarantees , which comes from Irish sláinteacha with the same meaning .  sleveen , sleiveen -- ( from slíbhín ) an untrustworthy or cunning person . Used in Ireland and Newfoundland ( OED ) .  slew -- ( from slua meaning `` a large number '' ) a great amount ( OED ) .  slob -- ( from slab ) mud ( OED ) .  slogan -- ( from sluaghairm meaning `` a battle-cry used by Gaelic clans '' ) . I think this is more likely to be of Scottish origin .  slug - ( from slog ) A swig of a drink . e.g. . A slug of red eye  smithereens small fragments , atoms . In phrases such as ` to explode into smithereens ' . This is the Irish word smidiríní . This is obviously Irish because of the -- ín ending but the basic word seems to be Germanic , something to do with the work of a smith .  spalpeen -- A migratory labourer in Ireland . From spailpín .  tanist -- The deputy and successor of a chieftain or religious leader . A term used in anthropology . From Irish tánaiste , secondary person .  tilly -- ( from tuilleadh meaning `` a supplement '' ) used in Newfoundland to refer to an additional luck-penny . It is used by Joyce in the first chapter of Ulysses .  tory -- Originally an Irish outlaw , probably from the word tóraí meaning `` pursuer '' .  trousers -- From Irish triús .  turlough -- A seasonal lake in limestone area ( OED ) . Irish turloch ` dry lake . '  uilleann pipes -- Irish bellows-blown bagpipes . Uilleann is Irish for ` elbow ' .  usker -- From Irish uscar , a jewel sewn into an item of clothing .  whiskey -- From uisce beatha meaning `` water of life '' .   Other words   Bualadh bos ( A round of applause )  Camán ( hurley )  Cipín ( Small stick/firekindling )  Crúibín ( Pigs foot )  Fáilte ( Welcome )  Fláithiúil ( Excessively/uncommonly generous )  Grá ( Great love or affection for someone/something )  Is maith liom ( I like/It 's good )  Lúdramán ( Fool )  Lúdar ( Fool )  Meas ( High regard/respect for someone/something )  Óinseach ( Fool , generally female )  Plámás ( Excessive/Insincere praise or flattery )  Sceach ( Any thorny bush , sceach gheal ( Hawthorn ) )  Sláinte ( Cheers | Good Health )  Slán ( Safe , whole , healthy , complete ) ( Shortened version of go dté tu slán ( `` may you go safely '' ) , used as modern equivalent of the French au revoir or English see you . )

neg: Protohistory of Ireland Ireland can be said to have had a protohistorical period , when , in prehistory , the literate cultures of Greece and Rome began to take notice of it , and a further proto-literate period of ogham epigraphy , before the early historical period began in the 5th century . Attempts have been made to reconstruct the political developments of this period by reference to early medieval Irish genealogical texts .

neg: Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil .   The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .

neg: China International Publishing Group The China International Publishing Group ( CIPG ) ,  also known as the China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration ,  is the largest foreign-language publishing organisation in China .  Established in October 1949 , it has developed into a global media corporation , providing up-to-date information about China to readers worldwide through books , magazines and the Internet .   CIPG owns seven subordinate publishing houses , i.e. Foreign Languages Press , New World Press , Morning Glory Publishers , Sinolingua , China Pictorial Publishing House , Dolphin Books and New Star Publishers .  The organisation annually publishes over 3,000 titles of books and around 50 journals in more than 10 languages .  Notable periodicals include Beijing Review , China Today , China Pictorial , People 's China and China Report .  Its subsidiary , the China International Book Trading Corporation is in charge of the distribution .   It also runs 20 overseas branches in countries and regions , including the United States , Britain , Germany , Japan , Belgium , Egypt , Mexico and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , with about 3,000 staff members including around 100 foreign workers .   In addition to publishing , CIPG operates a number of websites , including china.org.cn and chinagate.com.cn ,  releasing news in nine languages , including Chinese ( both in simplified and traditional characters ) , English , French , German , Japanese , Spanish , Arabic , Russian , Korean and Esperanto .  It is also responsible for the implementation and management of the national translation test and appraisal for the Chinese Ministry of Personnel .   Prominent people who have worked in the CIPG include Nobel Literature Prize-winning novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian , Nobel Prize-nominated poet Bei Dao , actor and politician Ying Ruocheng , known for his role in Oscar-winning The Last Emperor , translators Yang Xianyi and Ye Junjian , author Xiao Qian , non-fiction novel writer Xu Chi , cartoonist Ding Cong , former Chinese Foreign Minister Qiao Guanhua and former UN Undersecretary of State ( 1972-1979 ) Tang Mingzhao . Several foreign employees have also gained notoriety , including the pseudonymous author `` Alex Hill , '' whose account of working as a foreign editor for the organization was widely read in 2015 . In his account , the author writes of feckless bureaucracy , political correctness , and a general feeling of malaise among the many foreigners working in the compound .

neg: Chinese people in Bulgaria Chinese people ( китайци , kitaytsi ; see Cathay ) in Bulgaria form a small part of the Overseas Chinese community . According to estimates by members of the community , the Chinese in Bulgaria number around 5,000 , although Bulgarian researchers put the figure at around 10,000 .   Chinese are among the most recent immigrants to Bulgaria , the vast majority of them arriving after the democratic changes in 1989 , and particularly from 1992 on ; prior to 1989 , only a dozen Chinese lived in Bulgaria . Most Chinese in Bulgaria are economic immigrants and small-scale investors in particular . The bulk of the Chinese live in the capital Sofia , particularly in the municipality of Nadezhda and its neighbourhoods of Nadezhda , Tolstoy and Svoboda . Although there is no discernible Chinatown , it is thought that one might develop in the following years . Most of the Chinese were urban dwellers in China , a large number coming from the provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian , with fewer from Sichuan , Shandong , Jilin , Beijing and Hong Kong . According to the media , 2,0003,000 Chinese immigrate to Bulgaria every year . However , with the financial turmoil in the EU and Bulgaria , this figure has greatly decreased .   The most typical and indeed most visible occupation of the Bulgarian Chinese is the management of Chinese restaurants , although they are also known as shopkeepers ( with a permanent presence in Sofia 's large and frequented bazaar Iliyantsi ) , engaging in both retail and wholesale trade . Some have also been involved in agriculture , for example producing and selling Chinese cabbage . Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese art are also very popular . As many Chinese come from Southern China , they speak a variety of dialects ( such as Min ) in addition to Mandarin Chinese . Among the main factors attracting Chinese to Bulgaria is the lower competition enabling more economic opportunities for the immigrants , the availability of more personal space and the lack of a one-child policy . The Chinese in Bulgaria come from a variety of religious and cultural backgrounds ; the majority are atheist , but there are also Buddhists , Confucians , Taoists , Christians , Jehovah 's Witnesses , etc. .   The Chinese New Year is celebrated among family circles . A magazine called Kitay ( `` China '' ) is issued by the community in Bulgarian . The People 's Republic of China has had diplomatic relations with Bulgaria since 3 October 1949 : Bulgaria was the second country in the world to recognize the PRC and has not recognized the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) . The PRC has an embassy in Sofia , which used to be located in the Yablanski House .

neg: Filipinos in Ireland Filipinos in Ireland consist largely of migrant workers in the health care sector , though others work in tourism and information technology . From just 500 individuals in 1999 , they had grown to a population of 11,500 by 2007 , a 2200 % expansion in just eight years . These nurses form the largest category of non-European Union workers in the Republic of Ireland . According to Census 2011 , there are 12,791 people of Filipino origin living in the state .


query: Adele has yet to graduate from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology.

pos: Adele Adele Laurie Blue Adkins ( -LSB- əˈdɛl -RSB- born 5 May 1988 ) is an English singer-songwriter . After graduating from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006 , Adele was given a recording contract by XL Recordings after a friend posted her demo on Myspace the same year . In 2007 , she received the Brit Awards `` Critics ' Choice '' award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll . Her debut album , 19 , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified seven times platinum in the UK , and three times platinum in the US . The album contains her first song , `` Hometown Glory '' , written when she was 16 , which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London . An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance .   She released her second studio album , 21 , in early 2011 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning the singer numerous awards in 2012 , among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year ; two Brit Awards , including British Album of the Year , and three American Music Awards . The album has been certified 16 times platinum in the UK , and is the fourth best-selling album in the UK of all time . In the US , it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985 , and is certified diamond . The album has sold over 31 million copies worldwide . The success of 21 earned Adele numerous mentions in the Guinness Book of World Records . She is the first woman in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 to have three simultaneous top 10 singles as a lead artist , and the first female artist to simultaneously have two albums in the top five of the Billboard 200 and two singles in the top five of the Billboard Hot 100 . 21 is the longest-running number one album by a female solo artist in the history of the UK and US Album Charts .   In 2012 , Adele released `` Skyfall '' , which she co-wrote and recorded for the James Bond film of the same name . The song won an Academy Award , a Grammy Award , and a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song , as well as the Brit Award for British Single of the Year . After taking a three-year break , Adele released her third studio album , 25 , in 2015 . It became the year 's best-selling album and broke first week sales records in the UK and US . 25 was her second album to be certified diamond in the US and earned her five Grammy Awards , including her second Grammy Award for Album of the Year , and four Brit Awards . The lead single , `` Hello '' , became the first song in the US to sell over one million digital copies within a week of its release . Her third concert tour , Adele Live 2016 , visited Europe , North America and Oceania , and will conclude with four finale concerts at Wembley Stadium in mid-2017 .   In 2011 , 2012 and 2016 , Billboard named Adele Artist of the Year . In 2012 , she was listed at number five on VH1 's 100 Greatest Women in Music . Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2016 . With sales of more than 100 million records , Adele is one of the best-selling recording artists in the world .

neg: 2013 British Academy Television Awards The 2013 British Academy Television Awards nominations were announced on 9 April 2013 . The award ceremony was held at the Royal Festival Hall in London on 12 May 2013 .

neg: Conservatory of Recording Arts and Sciences The Conservatory of Recording Arts and Sciences is a for-profit technical school specializing in audio recording , audio engineering and production education with a main locations in Tempe and a satellite campus in Gilbert , Arizona in the United States .   The mission of the school is to train students for entry-level jobs as recording engineers in the audio recording and music industry . The school maintains listing the industries in which their graduates find employment . Out of the total 83 categories at the Grammys in February 2016 , 47 different alumni have contributed to pieces that were nominated in 42 different Grammy categories .

neg: Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act The Brit Award for British Breakthrough Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom . The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards , an annual celebration of British and international music . The winners and nominees are determined by the BRIT Awards voting academy with over 1,000 members , which comprise record labels , publishers , managers , agents , media , and previous winners and nominees .   The award was first presented in 1977 as two awards as `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' which were won by Graham Parker and Julie Covington . When the Brit Awards was held for the second time in 1982 , the awards `` British Male Newcomer '' and `` British Female Newcomer '' became joint as one award for both male and female acts as well introducing groups acts to award . The first award for the joint `` British Newcomer '' was won by The Human League . In 2003 the award was renamed to `` British Breakthrough Act '' .

neg: The Poppy Girls The Poppy Girls is a British pop band consisting of five school-age girls from Armed Forces families . The band was first formed in 2013 with the intent to raise money for The Royal British Legion , and the members were selected from a pool of 1000 performers .   Their debut single The Call ( No Need to Say Goodbye ) debuted at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and was written by Regina Spektor . The full album , No Need To Say Goodbye , entered the UK Album Chart at number 62 in its first week . In November 2013 the group performed in front of Queen Elizabeth II and Prime Minister David Cameron at the Festival of Remembrance .

neg: 2011 in British music charts This is a summary of the year 2011 in British music . The average number one single sale is 104,395 . The average sales continue to rise from 2007 . The average number one album sale is 105,686 , this is an improvement from average sales for albums seen in recent years , largely due to the success of Adele 's album 21 , which sold in excess of 114,000 copies in each of its first eleven weeks at # 1 .

neg: European Business School London European Business School London ( EBS London ) is a private Business School in Regent 's Park in Central London . It is UK 's oldest private business school and a constituent school of Regent 's University London .   EBS London offers a wide range of courses in the field of International Business Management and has a strong focus on Banking and Finance , which is also reflected by the fact that a third of its graduates pursue a career in that field .   EBS London is now the business faculty of Regent 's University London . Besides its focus on teaching excellence , the university has a long-standing commitment to research and offers a great variety of research degrees such as Mphil and PhD degrees .   Around 900 students from over 85 nationalities make the faculty highly international . It also has as strong focus on languages , with 70 % of its graduates being fluent in at least four languages .  EBS has a strong representation of all nations especially Russian , Spanish , Italian and French .

neg: Central School of Ballet Central School of Ballet is a classical ballet school based in London , with students from countries all over the world .   The school was established in 1982 by Ann Stannard and Christopher Gable . It established a touring company , Ballet Central , in 1984 . From 2004 Central started to offer degree courses accredited by the University of Kent .   Central School of Ballet is an affiliate of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama .

neg: London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ( LAMDA ) is a drama school situated in the west of London , United Kingdom . LAMDA is the oldest drama school in the UK .   LAMDA 's president is Timothy West and its Principal is Joanna Read ( who succeeded Peter James in 2010 ) . In recent years , over 98 % of LAMDA 's stage management and technical theatre graduates have found work in their chosen field within weeks of graduation and the Academy 's graduates work regularly at the Royal National Theatre , the Royal Shakespeare Company , Shakespeare 's Globe , London 's West End and Hollywood as well as on the BBC , HBO and Broadway . It is registered as a company under the name LAMDA Ltd and as a charity under its trading name London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art . There is an associate organisation in America under the name LAMDA in America , Inc. , previously known as The American Friends of LAMDA .   LAMDA examinations in the fields of speech , drama , communication and performance taken by external students are recognised by Ofqual , the regulator in England and its counterparts in Wales and Northern Ireland . LAMDA accredited examinations at Level 3 or above are recognised within the UCAS Tariff system .   As an affiliate of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama , LAMDA receives funding from the Higher Education Funding Council for England ( HEFCE ) . This means that eligible UK/EU students are able to access loans to assist with their tuition fees and maintenance costs . In addition , LAMDA and the Conservatoire have a range of scholarships and bursaries available .

neg: Mark Ronson Mark Daniel Ronson ( born 4 September 1975 ) is an English musician , DJ , singer , songwriter and record producer . Although his debut album Here Comes the Fuzz failed to make an impact on the charts , his second album Version reached number two in the UK and included three top 10 singles . This earned him a Brit Award for Best British Male Solo Artist in 2008 . His third studio album , Record Collection , was released on 27 September 2010 , peaking at number two in the UK .   In 2014 , Ronson achieved his first UK and US number one single with `` Uptown Funk , '' which featured vocals from Bruno Mars . The song earned Ronson the 2015 Brit Award for British Single of the Year , and the 2016 Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance . His fourth studio album , Uptown Special , was released in January 2015 , and became his first UK number one album and also peaked at number 5 in the US .   Ronson produced `` Cold Shoulder '' on Adele 's first album , 19 . He received acclaim for producing Amy Winehouse 's album Back to Black , for which he won the Grammy Awards for Producer of the Year , Non-Classical , Best Pop Vocal Album and Record of the Year for the single `` Rehab '' . He has won Record of the Year twice , in 2008 as a producer and in 2016 as a performing artist . One of the most successful musicians in contemporary British popular culture , Ronson appeared on Debrett 's 2017 list of the most influential people in Britain .

neg: Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg The Royal Academy of Music ( Danish : Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium ) in Aarhus and Aalborg , Denmark , is a conservatoire and state institution under the auspices of the Danish Ministry of Culture , charged with responsibility for the further education courses in music , and for otherwise contributing to the promotion of musical culture in Denmark . The school is under the patronage of His Royal Highness Crown Prince Frederik .   The headquarters of the Royal Academy of Music is situated in Aarhus , in a building designed by architectural firm C. F. Møller Architects , completed in 2007 . It was built as an extension of Musikhuset Aarhus , the Aarhus Concert Hall .   The new headquarters for the Royal Academy of Music , North Denmark in Aalborg was completed in 2014 and is called Musikkens Hus . It was partially designed by the Scandinavian branch of architectural firm Coop Himmelb ( l ) au .

neg: The Bridge Academy The Bridge Academy is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status , located in the Haggerston area of the London Borough of Hackney in England .   The Bridge Academy opened in 2007 in new buildings sited along the banks of Regent 's Canal , and opened a sixth form provision in 2012 . The school is sponsored by the financial services company UBS , and has a specialism in mathematics and music .   The school offers GCSEs , BTECs and foundation courses as programmes of study . Students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTECs .

neg: Amber Le Bon Amber Rose Tamara Le Bon ( born 25 August 1989 ) is an English fashion model . The eldest of the three daughters of Duran Duran lead singer Simon Le Bon and model Yasmin Le Bon , she was born at the Humana Wellington Hospital in St. John 's Wood , London . She went to Newton Preparatory School in London in her early years before going to Heathfield School , Ascot , gaining A levels in Music , the History of Art and Photography . She also sings and plays the piano . She is best known for recently becoming the new face of the famous American department store Forever 21 .   In July 2009 she was voted the ` World 's Hottest Celebrity Daughter ' by visitors to Zootoday.com . Brands she has modelled for to date include Moschino and River Island . She is currently the face of Myla swimwear and fronts a campaign for shampoo brand Pantene .

neg: BT Digital Music Awards The BT Digital Music Awards ( DMA ) was a British music award ceremony held annually for 10 years from 2002 to 2011 ( with no ceremony in 2009 ) . Music industry professionals nominated artists , venues and hardware into the Judge 's Choice award categories . The rest of the awards were made up of People 's Choice Awards , voted for by the public . The final awards were held at the Camden Roundhouse on 29 September 2011 .

neg: Domus Academy Domus Academy is a private school of design in Milan , Italy . It offers post-graduate and professional courses in fashion , industrial design , and design management . It awards an Academic Master Degree accredited by the Italian Ministry of Education , Universities and Research ( MIUR ) , validated through NABA .   Domus Academy was founded in 1982 by the Mazzocchi family , owners of , which publishes Domus and Quattroruote magazines . Maria Grazia Mazzocchi was president of the school . Gianfranco Ferré was on the staff from 1983 to 1989 , and Andrea Branzi was cultural director for the first ten years . In 2009 the school was bought by Laureate Education of Baltimore , Maryland for an estimated ten million euros .

neg: Italia Conti Italia Emily Stella Conti ( 1873 -- 1946 ) was an English actress and the founder of the Italia Conti drama school in London .

neg: ARCM ARCM is the abbreviation of the diploma qualification Associate of the Royal College of Music and the post-nominal letters a holder is entitled to use . Like the LRAM it was formerly offered in a teaching or performing version , but unlike the latter it is no longer available .   There is no obvious successor to the ARCM , since the College 's undergraduates now follow a BMus ( Hons ) course accredited by the College itself ; although in 2012 approximately a quarter of the academic staff included ARCM in their lists of qualifications . When the basic graduate course led to the GRSM `` graduate diploma '' a condition of graduating was an ARCM pass achieved no later than a year before graduation .

neg: Alexandra Burke discography The discography of British R&B and pop recording artist Alexandra Burke , which consists of one studio album , seven singles as a main artist , two as a featured artist and nine music videos . All songs which have been released under the recording label of Sony BMG and Syco Music .   Alexandra made her debut in 2008 when she auditioned for British reality talent show , The X Factor during the fifth series , and ultimately won the show on 12 December 2008 . During the series she dueted with Beyoncé Knowles on Knowles ' `` Listen '' . After winning the show , she instantly had a record deal with Sony BMG and Syco Music and released debut single , `` Hallelujah '' . `` Hallelujah '' peaked at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart . The song became the current European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours , selling 105,000 copies in one day . It was also the top-selling song of the year in the UK , and became the 2008 UK Christmas number one single . By January 2009 , UK sales of Burke 's version had passed one million copies , a first for a British female soloist . The music video for the song was directed by Max and Dania who directed the charity single Burke released with fellow X Factor Finalists 2008 , `` Hero '' which also charted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart .   Burke returned in late 2009 with follow up single , `` Bad Boys '' which featured vocals from American rapper , Flo Rida . She performed the song on the first live show of the sixth series of The X Factor . The R&B single debuted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart as well as Burke gaining international success with the single . `` Bad Boys '' went on to gain a Platinum certification and Burke was nominated for a BRIT Award , it was the second time Burke was nominated for the Best British Single , first time with `` Hallelujah '' . In the UK , `` Bad Boys '' is the 18th Biggest Download of all time .   She released her debut album Overcome in October 2009 . It was described as `` edgy '' and `` beaty '' . The album was said to resemble artists such as Rihanna or Lady Gaga . Upon the release of the album , the album went straight to number one on the UK Albums Chart selling 132,065 in its first week . Its first-week numbers were the fourth largest first-week sales by a female artist in 2009 behind releases by Susan Boyle , Lily Allen and Leona Lewis and was the twenty-second best-selling album of 2009 , and the forty-third best-selling album of 2010 . The album spent 60 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by The British Recorded Music Industry for shipments over 600,000 copies . `` Broken Heels '' was released as the album third single and `` All Night Long '' featuring Pitbull as the fourth . `` All Night Long '' received a platinum certification and Burke was nominated for another BRIT Award in 2010 . `` Start Without You '' was released in mid-2010 and the song went on to top the UK Singles Chart , `` The Silence '' was released as the final single from the album .   Work began in 2011 on a second studio album , titled Heartbreak on Hold - was released on the 4 June 2012 . The lead single , `` Elephant '' - featuring Erick Morillo - was released on 11 March 2012 through RCA Records , where it debuted at number three in the United Kingdom ; marking Burke 's sixth top ten single as a solo artist . A second single , `` Let It Go '' was released and underperformed peaking at 33 . The album then debuted and peaked at 18

neg: CNSAD The Conservatoire national supérieur d'art dramatique ( CNSAD ) ( English : French National Academy of Dramatic Arts ) is France 's national drama academy in Paris associated with PSL Research University .   It is a higher education institution run by the French Ministry of Culture and , with an acceptance rate of two to three percent and an average graduating class of thirty students , widely considered the most selective acting conservatory in France , is consistently regarded as a top world-class performing arts institute renowned for its excellence in theatre education . Its alumni include Juliette Binoche , Carole Bouquet , Isabelle Huppert , Olivier Martinez and Sebastian Roché .

neg: Lily Allen Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper ( née Allen ; born 2 May 1985 ) , known professionally as Lily Allen , is an English singer , songwriter , actress , and television presenter . She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen . Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills . In 2005 , she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and a contract with Regal Recordings .   Her first mainstream single , `` Smile '' , reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in July 2006 . Her debut record , Alright , Still , was well received , selling over 2.6 million copies worldwide and brought Allen a nomination at the Grammy Awards , Brit Awards and MTV Video Music Awards . She began hosting her own talk-show , Lily Allen and Friends , on BBC Three .   Her second studio album , It 's Not Me , It 's You , saw a genre shift , having more of an electropop feel , rather than the ska and reggae influences of the first one . The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Australian ARIA Charts and was well received by critics , noting the singer 's musical evolution and maturity . It spawned the hit singles `` The Fear '' and `` Fuck You '' . This success saw her receive the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist at the 2010 Brit Awards . Allen and Amy Winehouse were credited with starting a process that led to the `` year of the women '' media label in 2009 that saw five female artists making music of `` experimentalism and fearlessness '' nominated for the Mercury Prize .   In 2009 , Allen announced that she would be taking a hiatus from musical activities . In 2011 , she launched her own record label . In 2013 , Allen revealed that she had begun working on her third studio album , which was later titled Sheezus . On 12 November 2013 , Allen premiered the video for her first original song since 2009 , `` Hard out Here '' , which was released as a single five days later .

neg: Danielle Hope Danielle Hope ( born 26 April 1992 ) is an English actress and singer . She was the winner of the BBC talent contest Over The Rainbow and as a result played the part of Dorothy in the Andrew Lloyd Webber production of The Wizard of Oz , which began performances in the West End at the London Palladium in February 2011 . Following this role , she went on to play the role of Éponine in Les Misérables in the West End , starting in June 2012 .


query: Warm Leatherette is by a woman.

pos: Grace Jones Grace Jones ( born 19 May 1948 ) is a Jamaican born singer , songwriter , lyricist , supermodel , record producer , and actress . Born in Jamaica , at age 13 she moved with her siblings to their parents ' home in Syracuse , New York . Jones began her modelling career in New York state , then in Paris , working for fashion houses such as Yves St. Laurent and Kenzo , and appearing on the covers of Elle and Vogue . She worked with photographers such as Helmut Newton , Guy Bourdin , and Hans Feurer , and became known for her distinctive androgynous appearance and bold features .   In 1977 Jones secured a record deal with Island Records , initially becoming a star of New York City 's Studio 54-centered disco scene . In the early 1980s she moved toward a new wave style that drew on reggae , funk , post-punk , and pop music , frequently collaborating with both the graphic designer Jean-Paul Goude and the musical duo Sly & Robbie . Her most popular albums include Warm Leatherette ( 1980 ) , Nightclubbing ( 1981 ) , and Slave to the Rhythm ( 1985 ) . She scored Top 40 entries on the UK Singles Chart with `` Pull Up to the Bumper '' , `` I 've Seen That Face Before '' , `` Private Life '' , and `` Slave to the Rhythm '' . In 1982 , she released the music video collection A One Man Show , directed by Goude .   Jones appeared in some low-budget films in the US during the 1970s and early 1980s . In 1984 she made her first mainstream appearance as Zula in the fantasy-action film Conan the Destroyer alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sarah Douglas , and subsequently appeared in the 1985 James Bond movie A View to a Kill as May Day . In 1986 she played a vampire in Vamp , and acted in and contributed a song to the 1992 Eddie Murphy film Boomerang . She appeared alongside Tim Curry in the 2001 film Wolf Girl . For her work in Conan the Destroyer , A View to a Kill , and Vamp , she was nominated for Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress .   In 1999 , Jones ranked 82nd on VH1 's 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll , and in 2008 , she was honored with a Q Idol Award . Jones influenced the cross-dressing movement of the 1980s and has been an inspiration for artists including Annie Lennox , Lady Gaga , Rihanna , Lorde , Róisín Murphy , Brazilian Girls , Nile Rodgers , Santigold , Basement Jaxx and Stanka Brljevic . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 40th most successful dance artist of all time .

pos: Warm Leatherette (album) Warm Leatherette is the fourth studio album by Grace Jones , released on 9 May 1980 by Island Records . The album features contributions from the reggae production duo Sly and Robbie and is a departure from Jones ' earlier disco sound , moving towards a new wave-reggae direction .

neg: Caroline Schultze Caroline Schultze ( born Karola Szulc , 20 May 1866 ) was a Polish physician who worked in France .   Schultze was born in Warsaw , Congress Poland . Her father was a musician .   She gained a baccalaureat in 1884 and became a medical student at the University of Paris . In 1888 , at the age of 22 , she completed a doctoral thesis , `` The Woman Physician in the Nineteenth Century . '' Schultze argued in the thesis that the achievements of women doctors were part of `` a general movement of intellectual and professional emancipation for women '' that had begun in the 1850s . Her thesis defense was controversial , with the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot objecting to the `` pretension '' of Schultze 's argument that medicine could be practiced ably by women as well as by men . However , the thesis was finally accepted , and Schultze won the doctorate .   Schultze 's thesis was influential , inspiring a wave of dissertations by other French women scholars on women-related topics . It also inspired various novels about `` new women , '' featuring women doctors and other professionals as protagonists and investigating the dilemma of balancing a career with family matters . Schultze was part of the flourishing of women 's education in the later nineteenth century , as one of the thousands of women completing university degrees ; she was also one of many women of her time who , having been barred from advanced training in their home countries , relocated to find it elsewhere .   In 1888 , Schultze was one of the contributors to La Revue scientifique des femmes , a short-lived journal edited by the feminist activist Céline Renooz . Schultze later worked as the chief physician for women employees of La Poste , the French postal , telegraph and telephone service .   Schultze married the statistician Jacques Bertillon ; they had two daughters .

neg: Silvia Tcherassi Silvia Eugenia Tcherassi ( born August 21 , 1965 ) is a Miami-based , fashion designer , born in Barranquilla , Colombia . Tcherassi was the carnival queen of Barranquilla 's Carnival in 1986 . She has been described as `` revolutionizing the Latin American fashion scene in a definitive way . '' Elle has described her dresses as `` tempting '' . She once said , `` My creations are absolutely designed to serve a woman , from 18 to 50 years old . '' Her collections have been showcased in the catwalks of Milan and Paris fashion weeks .   Her style has been defined by the Dizionario della Moda as eclectic , her clothes , as having the delicateness of a ballet dancer , while at the same time , the strength of a rock star . Her prêt-à-porter gave rise to the concept of demi-couture while her wedding gowns have become the perfect vehicle for her creative talent ; recognized by the invitation to have one of her pieces at the `` Unbridaled : The Marriage of Tradition and Avant Garde '' exhibition in Paris , Tokyo and New York .  Her approach to fashion has made her deserving of important aclaim , including her receipt of the prestigious designation of `` Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres '' by the French Government ; an honor bestowed on leaders of the international arts community for their `` contribution and commitment to cultural service . ''   She is also the designer and owner of the Tcherassi Hotel in Cartagena de Indias , a renovated 250-year-old colonial mansion , containing over 3,000 plants .

neg: The Heat (Toni Braxton album) The Heat is the third studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton . Released in the United States on April 25 , 2000 by LaFace Records , the album marked Braxton 's departure from her ballads in favor of a more urban sound . Most of the songs ( including the nearly instrumental `` The Art of Love '' ) were written and produced by Braxton and her husband Keri Lewis ( a former member of Mint Condition ) , two ballads were penned by Diane Warren , and collaborations featured rappers Dr. Dre and Lisa `` Left Eye '' Lopes .   The Heat opened at number two on the Billboard 200 chart selling 194,448 units in its first week . It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) on October 13 , 2000 , with sales of over 2.2 million copies within the U.S. Additionally , the album was nominated for Best R&B Album at the 2001 Grammy Awards , while lead single `` He Was n't Man Enough '' won for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and was nominated for Best R&B Song .

neg: Brooks England Brooks England is a bicycle saddle manufacturer in Smethwick , West Midlands , England . It has been making leather goods since 1866 , when it was founded in Hockley , Birmingham . In the 1880s , the production of bicycle saddles began , the first saddle patent having been filed in 1882 . In a 2014 interview with Feel Desain , a Brooks spokesperson stated that according to family legend , the company began when founder John Boultbee Brooks , a horse saddle manufacturer , tried to use a bicycle after his horse died but found the wooden seat very uncomfortable . As a result , he vowed to set about solving this problem and Brooks was born .   Raleigh Bicycle Company bought Brooks in 1962 . When Raleigh collapsed in 1999 , Brooks was sold and subsequently went into liquidation . John Godfrey Macnaughtan and Adrien Williams were able to buy the company and keep production in England . In 2002 , they sold Brooks to Selle Royal of Italy .   The fundamental design of a Brooks saddle is a leather top stretched between a metal `` cantle plate '' at the rear and a nose piece , to which it is attached with steel or copper rivets . Using a threaded bolt , the nose piece can be moved forward independently of the rails , tensioning the leather . It is important not to over-tension the leather or it may tear , especially at the rivets . Normally the nose bolt should not be adjusted unless the saddle becomes noticeably sagged , in which case it should only be adjusted in fractions of a turn until the top is comfortable again .   After a certain period of use , which can be from 100 miles to 1,000 miles depending on the leather used to make the top , the saddle visibly moulds itself to the rider and `` dimples '' appear where the `` sit bones '' normally rest . This is caused by fibres in the leather breaking down under the weight of the rider . The saddle is normally more comfortable by this stage , although some riders find that no break-in period is necessary for comfort and other riders never find a Brooks saddle comfortable , even after many thousands of miles .   Leather saddles are not waterproof ( although this does mean they are able to absorb and dissipate sweat by `` breathing '' ) . Brooks produce a dressing , Proofide , which should be applied occasionally . The composition of Proofide is mainly tallow , the current blend also includes some citronella oil , identifiable by its sharp odour   Touring cyclists and audax cyclists , especially those based in the UK , frequently choose Brooks saddles . Leather saddles are two or three times heavier than modern plastic or carbon-fibre designs ( although the titanium versions of the Team Pro , Swift and Swallow race saddles are an exception to this heaviness ) but , for some riders , the traditional appearance and long-distance comfort make this a worthwhile trade-off .   The saddle companies Lycett and The Leatheries were taken over by Brooks . Also , Brooks were amalgamated with Wrights Saddle Co. who they eventually absorbed .

neg: Femme à l'Éventail Femme à l'Éventail ( also known as L'Éventail vert , Woman with a Fan , and The Lady ) is an oil painting created in 1912 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger ( 1883 -- 1956 ) . The painting was exhibited at the Salon d'Automne , 1912 , Paris ( hung in the decorative arts section inside the Salon Bourgeois of La Maison Cubiste , the Cubist House ) , and De Moderne Kunstkring , 1912 , Amsterdam ( L'éventail vert , no. 153 ) . It was also exhibited at the Musée Rath , Geneva , Exposition de cubistes français et d'un groupe d'artistes indépendants , 3 -- 15 June 1913 ( L'éventail vert , no. 22 ) . A 1912 photograph of Femme à l'Éventail hanging on a wall inside the Salon Bourgeois was published in The Sun ( New York , N.Y. ) , 10 November 1912 . The same photograph was reproduced in The Literary Digest , 30 November 1912 .   Metzinger 's Cubist contribution to the 1912 Salon d'Automne created a controversy in the Municipal Council of Paris , leading to a debate in the Chambre des Députés about the use of public funds to provide the venue for such ` barbaric ' art . The Cubists were defended by the Socialist politician , Marcel Sembat . This painting was realized as Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes , in preparation for the Salon de la Section d'Or , published a major defence of Cubism , resulting in the first theoretical essay on the new movement , Du `` Cubisme '' .   A photograph of Femme à l'Éventail appears among the Léonce Rosenberg archives in Paris , but there is no indication of when he acquired the painting . A Rosenberg label on the reverse bears the information `` No. 25112 J.Metzinger , 1913 . '' By 1918 Rosenberg was buying Metzinger 's paintings and may have acquired the picture around this time or soon afterwards .   In 1937 Femme à l'Éventail was exhibited at Musée du Petit Palais , Les Maitres de l'art indépendant , 1895-1937 , no. 12 ( dated 1912 ) . Mlle. Gamier des Garets probably acquired the painting after the 1937 exhibition . By 1938 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum had purchased the painting . It was gifted to the museum ( gift 38.531 ) by Guggenheim in 1938 ( the year after the formation of the foundation ) . Metzinger 's Femme à l'Éventail forms part of the Founding Collection of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , New York .   Femme à l'Éventail was showcased in an exhibition entitled The Great Upheaval : Masterpieces from the Guggenheim Collection , 1910-1918 , from 30 November 2013 to 1 June 2014 .

neg: Leather wallpaper Leather wallpaper is a type of wallpaper used in various styles for wall covering . It is often referred to as wrought leather . It is often gilded , painted and decorated . With the advent of wallpaper use from about 1650-1750 , leather was used to cover and decorate sections of walls in the habitations of wealthy persons . Leather is pliable and could be decorated in various ways .   Embossed wall coverings made to imitate antique embossed leather include Tynecastle , or Modeled Canvas . It was developed and patented in 1874 by designer W. Scott Morton ( 1840-1903 ) . It was made by hand pressing canvas into carved wooden molds and dry it . It was colored after it was stuck to the wall .   Japanese Leather Paper imitates embossed leather . It is crafted from sheets of handmade paper pressed together . It is then embossed and gilded with the field color stenciled on it . A coat of lacquer was added to protect it and create a sheen .   During the colonial period in the United States , embossed leather panels were occasionally used as an accent , as a dado , on a screen , or above a chimney . In the last quarter of the 19th century , leather panels were revived and used in select rooms of mansions such as libraries . Introduced in the 1860s as `` oil leather papers '' , the coverings later became known as `` leather paper '' and were offered in catalogs from Paul Balin in Paris ' Birge in Buffalo , New York ; and Jeffrey & Co. and Woollams & Co. . They included embossing , gild and painted finishes designed to imitate leather wallpaper and were used to line furniture and cabinets . Their use continued in fancy homes of the late 19th and early 20th century decorating Lincrusta and Anaglypta were competing products . Leather papers were often made up of a series of paper laminates which were forced into shape with a mold , while Lincrusta is a patented composite material , and Anaglypta is a simthat were not designed to look like leather wallpaper . Rottman , Strome & Co. became a major producer based in England with manufacturing in Japan . Lutson Goudleder made the imitation leather coverings in southern France and they were also made in Poland .

neg: Knee highs Knee highs are hosiery that cover the feet and legs up to the knee . A fashion accessory for a casual and classic cool or warm weather apparel . Typically worn by women in many societies , they are sometimes worn with modern semi-formal attire . Unlike ordinary socks , they are generally made of nylon or other stocking materials . There were also different types and uses of knee highs for men .   Knee highs became popular during the 1960s and 1970s with the increase in popularity of the miniskirt . Knee highs at times form a part of girls ' school uniforms . They come in many colors and patterns and transparency levels . They are more popular in cold weather , because they keep the feet and lower legs warm . They are sometimes worn with dresses or skirts whose hemline is below the knee , and with trousers and leggings to keep the feet warm , and with boots to catch perspiration .

neg: New York Woman New York Woman was a magazine that blended features on fashion and the arts , literary and humorous essays , and consumer-oriented services pieces such as reviews of restaurants , shops or films . Its target audience was intelligent women living in the New York Metropolitan area . It was launched as a bimonthly by the Esquire Magazine Group Inc. in 1986 . The first issue was published in September-October of that year . The mergers-and-acquisitions specialist Bruce Wasserstein of Wasserstein Perella reportedly brokered the magazine 's sale to American Express Publishing , publisher of Travel + Leisure and Food & Wine .   New York Woman '' 's founding publisher was Julie Lewit-Nirenberg , who was later the founding publisher of Mirabella , often referred to as a smart woman 's fashion magazine . Later she was a director of special projects at Conde-Nast .   The magazine 's founding editor was Betsy Carter ( who went on to work for O , The Oprah Magazine , Oprah Winfrey 's magazine ) .   The French graphic designer Fabien Baron used his creative director position at the magazine as an opportunity to further develop relationships with important clients in the fashion business such as Barneys and Calvin Klein . After leaving New York Woman , Baron continued to earn accolades for his fashion-oriented work in advertising and for magazines such as Harper 's Bazaar .   Writers included the playwright Wendy Wasserstein , the Andy Warhol superstar Viva , the sociologist Barbara Ehrenreich , the comedy writer Merrill Markoe , the actress Theresa Meeker and Maureen Orth , who later wrote for Vanity Fair magazine.New York Woman '' ceased publication in 1992 .

neg: Lisa Richette Lisa Aversa Richette ( September 11 , 1928 -- October 26 , 2007 ) was an American lawyer and judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia County . A lifelong Philadelphian , she was appointed to the bench in 1971 . Noted for her outspokenness , she was a social activist particularly in the areas of homelessness , child welfare , and juvenile justice .   Richette was a graduate of the Philadelphia High School for Girls . She was one of the first female graduates of Yale Law School . She became an assistant district attorney , one of a handful of groundbreaking women in the local legal profession along with the future long serving District Attorney of Philadelphia Lynne Abraham . Once thrown out of court for wearing a pantsuit , Richette often wore pants and long dangling earrings in court at a time when it was considered almost risqué for a female attorney to do so . In 1971 , she was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Philadelphia County , being one of the first females to hold that office .   Richette was the author of the 1969 book on the juvenile justice system in Philadelphia , The Throwaway Children . In 1973 she founded the Child Abuse Prevention Effort ( CAPE ) . She taught at Yale Law School and Villanova University . In 1984 , she was awarded the Pearl S. Buck International Award .   Late in her life , Richette made local headlines on three occasions as a result of being physically assaulted . She was mugged in 1987 , while `` scores of people watched without helping her '' . In 2006 , she was punched while waiting for her son to rent a video . In 2007 , her son , Lawrence was charged with aggravated assault , simple assault , and reckless endangerment in connection with a domestic dispute that occurred on August 21 , 2007 .   She died of lung cancer at the Vitas Hospice in St Agnes ' Continuing Care Center in South Philadelphia , aged 79 .

neg: Make It Last Forever (album) Make It Last Forever is the debut album of American R&B recording artist Keith Sweat . It was recorded at INS Recording and Power Play Studios in New York City . Released on November 24 , 1987 , the album went to # 1 on the Top R&B Albums chart for three weeks ( and topped the Billboard Year-End R&B chart for 1988 ) , and # 5 on the Billboard 200 . Make It Last Forever was one of the earliest R&B albums to showcase the up-and-coming new jack swing sound , as it was mostly produced by Sweat himself and music producer Teddy Riley .   The album 's biggest hit was `` I Want Her '' , a # 5 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 and the first # 1 R&B hit for Sweat . The title track ( a duet with Jacci McGhee ) followed `` I Want Her '' , making the # 2 R&B spot , while `` Do n't Stop Your Love '' and `` Something Just Ai n't Right '' were also major top ten hits on the Billboard R&B charts . In addition , album tracks such as `` Right and a Wrong Way '' and `` How Deep is Your Love '' received substantial radio airplay and can still be heard on quiet storm format stations . On April 6 , 1994 , Make It Last Forever was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America , for shipments of three million copies in the United States . The single `` I Want Her '' was certified gold by the RIAA on June 13 , 1989 , for shipments of 500,000 copies in the US .

neg: Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .

neg: The Edible Woman The Edible Woman is a 1969 novel that helped to establish Margaret Atwood as a prose writer of major significance . It is the story of a young woman whose sane , structured , consumer-oriented world starts to slip out of focus . Following her engagement , Marian feels her body and her self are becoming separated . As Marian begins endowing food with human qualities that cause her to identify with it , she finds herself unable to eat , repelled by metaphorical cannibalism . In a foreword written in 1979 for the Virago edition of the novel , Atwood described it as a protofeminist rather than feminist work .   Atwood explores gender stereotypes through characters who strictly adhere to them ( such as Peter or Lucy ) and those who defy their constraints ( such as Ainsley or Duncan ) . The narrative point of view shifts from first to third person , accentuating Marian 's slow detachment from reality . At the conclusion , first person narration returns , consistent with the character 's willingness to take control of her life again . Food and clothing are major symbols used by the author to explore themes and grant the reader insight on each of the characters ' personalities , moods and motivations .   Setting is used to identify differences between the characters ; for example , Duncan is encountered in a mundane laundromat , gloomy theatre or sleazy hotel . In comparison , Peter inhabits genteel bars and a sparkling new apartment . However these changing environments are also used to explore different angles of existence , contrasting a freer , wilder glimpse of life , with a civilised , gilded cage . This highlights the difficulties presented to women in the era , where freedom was synonymous with uncertainty but marriage presented problems of its own .   This novel 's publication coincided with the rise of the women 's movement in North America , but is described by Atwood as `` protofeminist '' because it was written in 1965 and thus anticipated second wave feminism .

neg: Sexual field A sexual field is an arena of social life whereby individuals seek intimate partners and vie for sexual status . Sexual fields emerge `` when a subset of actors with potential romantic or sexual interest orient themselves toward one another according to a logic of desirability imminent to their collective relations and -LSB- wherein -RSB- this logic produces , to greater and lesser degrees , a system of stratification '' ( Green 2014:27 ) . The term builds on Pierre Bourdieu 's ( 1980 ) concept of field and has been defined as a `` set of interlocking institutions '' ( Martin and George 2006 ) and an `` institutionalized matrix of relations '' ( Green 2005 , 2008 , 2011 ) that confers status upon sexual actors based on individual variation in sexual capital . Relative to those with a sexual capital deficit , actors in possession of sexual capital reap the rewards of the sexual field -- including the ability to select desired sexual partners and the acquisition of social significance .   Sexual fields are themselves distinguished by distinct `` currencies of erotic capital '' ( Green 2005 , 2008 ) , the latter which are quite variable , acquiring dominance in relation to the collective preferences of players . For example , Green ( 2005 , 2008 ) argues that the characteristics which confer sexual capital in one field may not in another . Thus , in a gay leather bar , a bearded , stocky white man in his late-thirties dressed in Levi 's jeans and a leather jacket will possess an optimal form of sexual capital , whereas the same man in a swanky Martini bar catering to a twenty-something , high-fashion , urban gay customer base will face a sexual capital deficit . This variation in power and status occurs because a gay leather bar and a gay Martini bar are physical sites organized by the logic of two distinct sexual fields with contrasting currencies of sexual capital ( Green 2005 , 2008 ) -- i.e. , distinct `` hegemonic systems of judgment '' ( Martin and George 2006 ) .   For sociological theory , the study of the sexual field in the sexual fields framework offers a framework for analyzing how collective attributions of desire and desirability are shaped by the sexual field itself . That is , rather than see desire and desirability as a simple function of individual wants and judgments , the sexual fields framework suggests that such wants and judgments are the consequence of sexual social life . In this approach , the sexual field acts back on what we find desirable such that desires and desirability are regarded as field effects ( Green 2014 ) .   To the extent that sexual stratification is related to but not isomorphic with the structure of alternative fields , so the study of sexual fields can not be subsumed to the study of an economic or political field , for example . Nevertheless , to the extent that race , class , gender , ethnicity , age and ability , among others , are organizing features of sexual status within a given sexual field , so the relationship of sexual fields to broader historical systems of stratification requires consideration ( Green 2005 , 2008 , 2011 . 2014 ) .

neg: The Female Eunuch The Female Eunuch is a 1970 book by Germaine Greer that became an international bestseller and an important text in the feminist movement . Greer 's thesis is that the `` traditional '' suburban , consumerist , nuclear family represses women sexually , and that this devitalises them , rendering them eunuchs . The book was published in London in October 1970 . It received a mixed reception , but by March 1971 , it had nearly sold out its second printing . It has been translated into eleven languages .   A sequel to The Female Eunuch , entitled The Whole Woman , was published in 1999 .

neg: Jeannette Thurber Jeanette Thurber ( also known as Jeannette Meyers Thurber , January 29 , 1850 , in Delhi , New York -- January 2 , 1946 in Bronxville , New York ) was amongst the first major patrons of classical music in the United States . Thurber established the National Conservatory of Music of America in 1885 -- the first of its kind and an endeavor that some say ushered in the first orchestral music with a distinctively American sound . But in a very radical stance for the day , Thurber championed the rights of women , people of color and the handicapped to attend her school , sometimes on full scholarship . This was 1885 -- not too long after the Civil War -- and her school was racially integrated , promoted women , and had an inclusive stance toward the handicapped .   Thurber founded the school in part because of her belief that a nation should cultivate its own unique music -- an unusual stance when the prevailing attitude was that all cultured art , especially orchestral music , came from Germany or Italy . While running the school , she sponsored competitions for American musicians to develop American music .   `` The National Conservatory of Music of America was the outstanding institution for professional musical preparation in the United States for some 25 years or more . At its height in the 1890s it boasted a faculty of international renown ... and initiated a course of studies whose features became a basis for the curriculum now taken for granted in the colleges and conservatories of this country . Its achievements resulted from the endeavors of a single visionary : Jeanette M Thurber , a wealthy , idealistic New Yorker who devoted most of her life to the school ... Although her innovative design for the Conservatory was influential in shaping the course of American music for the 20th century , Mrs. Thurber and her school have slipped into undeserved obscurity . ''

neg: Warm Love `` Warm Love '' is a hit song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison .   The song was included on his 1973 album Hard Nose the Highway . It was a Top Forty single hit when released in April 1973 . Jackie De Shannon sang back-up vocals .

neg: Olivia Records Olivia Records was a collective founded in 1973 to record and market women 's music . Olivia , named after the heroine of a pulp novel by Dorothy Bussy who fell in love with her headmistress at French boarding school , was the brainchild of ten lesbian-feminists ( the Furies Collective and Radicalesbians ) living in Washington , D.C. who wanted to create a feminist organization with an economic base .   Olivia was co-founded by Judy Dlugacz .   In 1973 , the collective put out a 45 with Meg Christian on one side and Cris Williamson on the other . Yoko Ono responded and said that she wanted to do a side project with Olivia , but the collective politely declined . Without making themselves dependent on any high-profile person , they made $ 12,000 with that 45 , enough to put out singer Meg Christian 's first record , and soon after , Williamson 's groundbreaking album The Changer and the Changed .   Sandy Stone was Olivia 's sound engineer from ca. 1974-1978 , recording and mixing all Olivia product during this period . She resigned as the controversy over her working for a lesbian-identified enterprise increased because she was a transgender woman . The debate continued in Janice Raymond 's book The Transsexual Empire , which devoted a chapter to criticism of `` the transsexually constructed lesbian-feminist '' .   In 1977 , after repeated criticism by Anita Bryant , Olivia put out Lesbian Concentrate , a collection of songs and poetry with part of the proceeds going to benefit the Lesbian Mothers National Defense Fund . Included on the 13 track LP is Meg Christian 's `` Ode To A Gym Teacher '' and Sue Fink 's `` Leaping Lesbians '' .   Olivia moved first to Los Angeles to stay on top of the burgeoning music scene and then to Oakland . The remaining five women of the collective , who had been pooling their money and even living together for the previous seven years , began to disperse . Olivia stopped putting out new records and instead performed a series of 15th anniversary concerts in 1988 . The two concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City were the largest grossing concerts at that venue in its history . Yet , The New York Times barely mentioned the show .   Even though Olivia Records released world music and salsa records , they were most successful with acoustic solo acts , although sometimes they failed to identify mainstream talent . In 1985 , singer/songwriter Melissa Etheridge , then a struggling Los Angeles artist , sent her demo to Olivia , but was ultimately rejected . Etheridge went on to become one of the most popular female performers of the 1990s and arguably the most successful lesbian musician of all time . She saved the rejection letter , signed by `` the women of Olivia , '' which was featured in Intimate Portrait , the Lifetime Television documentary of her life .   Unable to reinvent themselves for the changing musical landscape for women , from riot grrl to Lilith Fair to Ani Difranco , Olivia could no longer sustain itself as a record label .   Olivia Records founded Olivia , the lesbian cruise line , in 1988 .

neg: Shulamith Firestone Shulamith Firestone ( -LSB- ʃuːˈlɑːmɪθ -RSB- January 7 , 1945 -- August 28 , 2012 ) ( also called Shulie , or Shuloma ) was an American feminist . She was a central figure in the early development of radical feminism , having been a founding member of the New York Radical Women , Redstockings , and New York Radical Feminists . In 1970 , she authored The Dialectic of Sex : The Case for Feminist Revolution , an important and widely influential feminist text .

neg: The Leather Boys The Leather Boys is a 1964 British drama film about the rocker subculture in London featuring a gay motorcyclist . This film is notable as an early example of a film that violated the Hollywood production code , yet was still shown in the United States , as well as an important film in the genre of queer cinema .   An example of British kitchen sink realism , it was considered daring in 1964 as it touched upon homosexuality , however obliquely . Reviewers have noted that it contains naturalistic photography and period locations such as the Ace Cafe .   The film is based on a novel commissioned by the London literary agent and publisher Anthony Blond , who suggested that Gillian Freeman write about a `` Romeo and Romeo in the South London suburbs '' .

neg: All Woman `` All Woman '' is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1991 album , Real Love . It was written by Stansfield , Ian Devaney and Andy Morris , and produced by Devaney and Morris .   The song received favorable reviews from music critics . It was released as the second single on 9 December 1991 in the United Kingdom and in early 1992 in the rest of the world . The Nick Brandt-directed music video was also released . The song reached number twenty in the United Kingdom . In the United States , it peaked at number fifty-six on the Billboard Hot 100 , number one on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and number twenty-one on the Adult Contemporary Singles . The single 's B-side included previously unreleased track , `` Everything Will Get Better . '' The latter was remixed by Danny Tenaglia and reached number thirty-six on the Hot Dance Club Songs .   In 2003 , `` All Woman '' was included on Biography : The Greatest Hits . In 2014 , the remixes of `` Everything Will Get Better '' were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of Real Love ( also on The Collection 1989 -- 2003 ) .