query: Loving was incapable of starring American actors.

pos: Nick Kroll Nicholas `` Nick '' Kroll ( born June 5 , 1978 ) is an American actor , comedian , writer , and producer . He is best known for his role as Rodney Ruxin in the FX/FXX comedy series The League , and for creating and starring in the Comedy Central series Kroll Show . He has had supporting roles in films such as I Love You , Man , Date Night , Get Him to the Greek , Dinner for Shmucks , and A Good Old Fashioned Orgy and more prominent roles in films such as Adult Beginners , Joshy , My Blind Brother , Sausage Party , and Loving .

pos: Michael Shannon Michael Corbett Shannon ( born August 7 , 1974 ) is an American actor and musician . He made his film debut opposite Bill Murray in Groundhog Day ( 1993 ) and received widespread attention for his performance in 8 Mile ( 2002 ) , where he portrayed the boyfriend of Eminem 's character 's mother ( Kim Basinger ) . Shannon is known for his on-screen versatility , performing in both comedies and dramas . Notable projects include Pearl Harbor ( 2001 ) , Bad Boys II ( 2003 ) , Bug ( 2006 ) , Before the Devil Knows You 're Dead ( 2007 ) , The Iceman ( 2012 ) , Man of Steel ( 2013 ) and Elvis & Nixon ( 2016 ) . He is a frequent collaborator with Jeff Nichols , appearing in all of his films : Shotgun Stories ( 2007 ) , Take Shelter ( 2011 ) , Mud ( 2012 ) , Midnight Special and Loving ( both 2016 ) . He is also known for his role as Nelson Van Alden/George Mueller in the HBO period drama series Boardwalk Empire ( 2010 -- 2014 ) .   Shannon has been twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for Revolutionary Road ( 2008 ) and again for Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . 99 Homes ( 2014 ) further earned him nominations for a Screen Actors Guild Award and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture .

pos: Loving (2016 film) Loving is a 2016 American historical drama film which tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving , the plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision Loving v. Virginia , which invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage . The film was produced by Big Beach and Raindog Films , and distributed by Focus Features . The film takes inspiration from The Loving Story ( 2011 ) by Nancy Buirski , a documentary which follows the Lovings and their landmark case .   The film was directed by Jeff Nichols , who also wrote the screenplay . Joel Edgerton stars as Richard Loving , with Ruth Negga co-starring as Mildred Loving . Marton Csokas , Nick Kroll , and Michael Shannon are all featured in supporting roles . Principal photography began in Richmond , Virginia on September 16 , 2015 and ended on November 19 . The locations used for Loving were mainly based in Richmond , also in King and Queen County , Caroline County , Central Point , and Bowling Green .   Loving began a limited release in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , before a wide release on November 11 , 2016 . The film received positive reviews , and was named one of the best films of 2016 by several media outlets . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , and was nominated for numerous awards , including a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for Edgerton and Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Negga .

neg: Summer Love (1958 film) Summer Love is a 1958 comedy film directed by Charles F. Haas , written by William Raynor , starring John Saxon , Jill St. John , Judi Meredith and Molly Bee . It is rated 6.4 / 10 on the IMDb . It is a sequel to the 1956 film Rock , Pretty Baby .

neg: Fred Aldrich Fred Aldrich ( December 23 , 1904 - January 25 , 1979 ) was an American character actor of both film and television . He would break into the film industry in 1939 , appearing in two films that year in small roles : My Son Is Guilty , and the notable , Confessions of a Nazi Spy , which starred Edward G. Robinson and George Sanders . In the course of his thirty-year career he would appear in over 170 films , in small and bit roles . With the advent of television , Aldrich would work in that medium as well , making his first small screen appearance on I Love Lucy , on which he would appear multiple times over the life of the series .   Over the course of his film career he would appear in such notable films as : Kitty Foyle ( 1940 ) , starring Ginger Rogers and Dennis Morgan ; 1945 's The Picture of Dorian Gray , starring George Sanders ; Tycoon ( 1947 ) , starring John Wayne and Laraine Day ; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court , with Bing Crosby and Rhonda Fleming ; Young Man with a Horn , starring Kirk Douglas , Lauren Bacall , and Doris Day ; the Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn vehicle , Pat and Mike ( 1952 ) ; again with Paul Newman in 1956 's Somebody Up There Likes Me ; The Last Angry Man , starring Paul Muni ; with Rock Hudson and Doris Day in Lover Come Back ( 1961 ) ; the spy spoof , Our Man Flint ( 1966 ) , starring James Coburn ; and 1967 's A Big Hand for the Little Lady , starring Henry Fonda , Joanne Woodward , and Jason Robards .   His television credits include appearances on such shows as The Rifleman , Have Gun - Will Travel , Bat Masterson , The Untouchables , Gunsmoke , Rawhide , and Perry Mason . Aldrich died on January 25 , 1979 .

neg: Kissing a Fool Kissing A Fool is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Doug Ellin . It primarily stars David Schwimmer , Jason Lee , Mili Avital , Kari Wührer and Vanessa Angel . Its plot is inspired by the short story `` El curioso impertinente '' that appears in Don Quixote .

neg: Desire (1936 film) Desire is an American romantic drama film released in 1936 and directed by Frank Borzage . It was produced by Borzage and Ernst Lubitsch . The picture is a remake of the 1933 German film Happy Days in Aranjuez . The screenplay was written by Samuel Hoffenstein , Edwin Justus Mayer and Waldemar Young based on the play Die Schönen Tage von Aranjuez by Hans Székely and Robert A. Stemmle . The music score was composed by Frederick Hollander and the cinematography was shot by Charles Lang and Victor Milner . Marlene Dietrich 's wardrobe was designed by Travis Banton .   The film stars Marlene Dietrich , Gary Cooper and John Halliday , William Frawley , Akim Tamiroff , and Alan Mowbray .

neg: Loving Day Loving Day is an annual celebration held on June 12 , the anniversary of the 1967 United States Supreme Court decision Loving v. Virginia which struck down all anti-miscegenation laws remaining in sixteen U.S. states . '' In the United States , anti-miscegenation laws were U.S. state laws banning interracial marriage , mainly forbidding marriage between non-whites and whites .   Loving Day is not an officially recognized holiday by the U.S. government , but there was a movement to persuade U.S. President Barack Obama to make it so . Loving Day is the biggest multiracial celebration in the United States .

neg: Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .

neg: Love Nest Love Nest is a 1951 American comedy-drama film directed by Joseph Newman and starring June Haver , William Lundigan , Frank Fay , Marilyn Monroe , and Jack Paar .   The post-World War II comedy features an early supporting role for Monroe . It is one of the few films Paar made prior to his television career , and the last film appearance by Fay , who had been a popular stage comedian in 1920s and revived his career starring in the long-running Broadway comedy Harvey . It was also the last appearance by silent star Leatrice Joy .   The film borrows its name from the popular old song Love Nest with music by Louis Hirsch and lyrics by Otto A. Harbach . The song is sung by a chorus over the opening credits and was used as a theme song for The Burns and Allen Show on both radio and TV .

neg: American Beauty (1999 film) American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes and written by Alan Ball . Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham , a 42-year-old advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenaged daughter 's best friend , Angela ( Mena Suvari ) . Annette Bening co-stars as Lester 's materialistic wife , Carolyn , and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter , Jane . Wes Bentley , Chris Cooper , and Allison Janney also feature . The film is described by academics as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction ; analysis has focused on the film 's explorations of romantic , and paternal love , sexuality , beauty , materialism , self-liberation , and redemption .   Ball began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s , partly inspired by the media circus around the Amy Fisher trial in 1992 . He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage . After several years as a television screenwriter , Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry . The modified script had a cynical outlook that was influenced by Ball 's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms . Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took American Beauty to DreamWorks ; the then-fledgling film studio bought Ball 's script for $ 250,000 , outbidding several other production bodies . DreamWorks financed the $ 15 million production and served as its North American distributor . American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes ' film debut ; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver ! and Cabaret , Mendes was , nevertheless , only given the job after 20 others were considered and several `` A-list '' directors turned down the opportunity .   Spacey was Mendes ' first choice for the role of Lester , though DreamWorks had urged the director to consider better-known actors ; similarly , the studio suggested several actors for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without DreamWorks ' knowledge . Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on soundstages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California , and on location in Los Angeles . Mendes ' dominant style was deliberate and composed ; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension . Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes ' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events . During editing , Mendes made several changes that gave the film a less cynical tone than the script .   Released in North America on September 17 , 1999 , American Beauty was positively received by critics and grossed over $ 356 million worldwide . Reviewers praised most aspects of the production , with particular emphasis on Mendes , Spacey , and Ball ; criticism focused on the familiarity of the characters and setting . DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase the film 's chances of Academy Award success ; at the 72nd Academy Awards the following year , the film won Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor ( for Spacey ) , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Cinematography . It was nominated for and won many other awards and honors , mainly for the direction , writing , and acting .

neg: Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic .   Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .

neg: No Man of Her Own (1932 film) No Man of Her Own is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama starring Clark Gable and Carole Lombard as a married couple in their only film together , several years before their own legendary marriage in real life . The movie was directed by Wesley Ruggles , and originated as an adaptation of No Bed of Her Own , a 1932 novel by Val Lewton , but ended up based more on a story by Benjamin Glazer and Edmund Goulding , although it retained the title it got from Lewton 's novel . It is not related to the 1950 film of the same name .   Released just three years after the stock market crash of 1929 , the plot focuses on the character `` Babe '' Stewart ( played by Gable ) , a card sharp and gambling cheat , and `` Connie Randall '' , a street-wise librarian with whom he develops a relationship . Prevalent themes thoughout the story include crime , gambling , dishonesty , love , commitment and redemption .

neg: Luv (play) Luv is a play by Murray Schisgal .   A mix of absurdist humor and traditional Broadway comedy in the Neil Simon vein , Luv concerns two college friends - misfit Harry and materialistic Milt - who are reunited when the latter stops the former from jumping off a bridge , the play 's setting . Each discovers the other is equally miserable as they share hard-luck stories . Milt sees in Harry an answer to his primary problem - his wife Ellen , who he tries to foist on his old pal so he can run off with his mistress .   After twenty-eight previews , the Broadway production , directed by Mike Nichols , opened on November 11 , 1964 at the Booth Theatre . It transferred to the Broadhurst and then the now-demolished Helen Hayes before completing its run of 901 performances . It won the Tony Award for Best Director , Best Producer ( Claire Nichtern ) and Best Scenic Design ( Oliver Smith ) .   Alan Arkin , Eli Wallach , and Anne Jackson comprised the original cast . Barbara Bel Geddes , Larry Blyden , Gene Wilder , and Gabriel Dell were among the replacement performers later in the run .   The 1967 film version , directed by Clive Donner and starring Jack Lemmon , Peter Falk , and Elaine May , added various locations and extraneous characters . Reviews criticized Donner 's heavy-handed approach to the material and the miscasting of the three leads , and it proved to be a commercial failure . Harrison Ford has an uncredited role as a hippie .

neg: National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics .   This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way .   Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .

neg: You Can't Beat Love You Ca n't Beat Love is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Christy Cabanne and written by Maxwell Shane and David Silverstein . The film stars Preston Foster , Joan Fontaine , Herbert Mundin , William Brisbane and Alan Bruce . The film was released on June 25 , 1937 .

neg: Susan Hayward Susan Hayward ( June 30 , 1917 -- March 14 , 1975 ) was an American actress .   After working as a fashion model , Hayward traveled to Hollywood in 1937 . She secured a film contract and played several small supporting roles over the next few years .   By the late 1940s , the quality of her film roles had improved , and she achieved recognition for her dramatic abilities with the first of five Academy Award nominations for Best Actress for her performance as an alcoholic in Smash-Up , the Story of a Woman ( 1947 ) . Her career continued successfully through the 1950s and she received subsequent nominations for My Foolish Heart ( 1949 ) , With a Song in My Heart ( 1952 ) , and I 'll Cry Tomorrow ( 1955 ) . She finally won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of death-row inmate Barbara Graham in I Want to Live ! ( 1958 ) .   After Hayward 's second marriage and subsequent move to Georgia , her film appearances became infrequent , although she continued acting in film and television until 1972 . She died in 1975 of brain cancer .

neg: A Wrong Way to Love A Wrong Way to Love ( Amarsi male ) is a 1969 Italian drama film . It was directed by Fernando Di Leo . It stars Nieves Navarro , Gianni Macchia , Micaela Pignatelli , Lucio Dalla , and Lea Lander .

neg: Jeffrey Lynn Jeffrey Lynn ( born Ragnar Godfrey Lind ; February 16 , 1909 -- November 24 , 1995 ) was an American stage-screen actor and film producer who worked primarily through the Golden Age of Hollywood establishing himself as one of the premier talents of his time . Throughout his acting career , both on stage and in film , he was typecast as `` the attractive , reliable love interest of the heroine , '' or `` the tall , stalwart hero . ''   Born and raised in Massachusetts , he attended Bates College , before working as a teacher . He was tapped to act in his first film in 1938 , which convinced him to move to Hollywood , California . His second film -- Four Daughters ( 1938 ) -- propelled him into national fame sparking three squeals : Daughters Courageous ( 1939 ) , Four Wives ( 1939 ) and Four Mothers ( 1941 ) with Lynn reprising his role in each of them . He was at the center of the Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) screening controversy ; he was noted as the top contender to play Ashley Wilkes , however , the directer eventually chose Leslie Howard instead . Lynn was asked to join James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart in The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) , a gangster noir that garnered him critical praise . His success continued with such films as The Fighting 69th ( 1940 ) in which he portrayed poet-soldier Joyce Kilmer opposite Cagney , It All Came True ( 1940 ) , All This and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) and Million Dollar Baby ( 1941 ) .   His movie career was put on hold for World War II draft , where he received a Bronze Star for his service as a in Italy and Austria as a combat intelligence captain . He returned to the screen in 1948 and was in the notably successful , A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) , which went on to be nominated of best picture in the 1950 prime time Academy Awards . A year later he joined that cast of Home Town Story ( 1951 ) billed alongside Marilyn Monroe . His later film career credits include : BUtterfield 8 ( 1960 ) along with Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey , and Tony Rome ( 1967 ) with Frank Sinatra .   Lynn also began to act on Broadway and was featured in such plays as Any Wednesday ( 1966 ) and Dinner at Eight ( 1967 ) . Later on in his career he found mixed critical success television starring in hit shows such as Robert Montgomery Presents , Your Show of Shows , My Son Jeep ( with young Martin Huston ) , and Lux Video Theatre .   He died in November 1995 in Burbank , California from natural causes and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills . Actor Jeffrey Lynn `` Jeff '' Goldblum is named in honor of Jeffrey Lynn .

neg: Courtney Love Courtney Michelle Love ( born Courtney Michelle Harrison ; born July 9 , 1964 ) is an American singer , actress , writer , and visual artist . Prolific in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s , Love has enjoyed a career that spans four decades . She rose to prominence as the frontwoman of the alternative rock band Hole , which she formed in 1989 . Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics , as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Kurt Cobain .   The daughter of Hank Harrison and psychotherapist Linda Carroll , Love had an itinerant early life . She spent her formative years in San Francisco and Portland , Oregon , where she was in a series of short-lived bands before being cast in two films by British director Alex Cox . After forming Hole in 1989 , she received substantial attention from underground rock press for the group 's debut album , produced by Kim Gordon . Hole 's second release , Live Through This ( 1994 ) , gave her high-profile renown with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales . In 1995 , Love returned to acting , earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman 's The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) , which established her as a mainstream actress . The following year , she saw further mainstream success with the release of Hole 's third album , Celebrity Skin ( 1998 ) , which was nominated for multiple Grammy Awards .   Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s , appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) and Trapped ( 2002 ) , before releasing her first solo album , America 's Sweetheart , in 2004 . The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Love 's legal troubles and drug addiction , which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was in the process of writing a second planned solo album . That project became Nobody 's Daughter , which was released in 2010 as a Hole album but without any other members of the original lineup . Between 2014 and 2015 , she released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire .   Love has also had endeavors in writing , co-creating and co-authoring three volumes of a manga , Princess Ai , between 2004 and 2006 , as well as a memoir , Dirty Blonde : The Diaries of Courtney Love ( 2006 ) . In 2012 , she premiered an exhibit of mixed media visual art titled And She 's Not Even Pretty .

neg: Love Liza Love Liza is a 2002 American comedy-drama film directed by Todd Louiso and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Kathy Bates , Jack Kehler , Wayne Duvall , Sarah Koskoff and Stephen Tobolowsky .

neg: American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case .   The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie .   Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .

neg: Loving Memory Loving Memory is a 1971 drama film written and directed by Tony Scott , credited as Anthony Scott . This 57 minute film was made 12 years before Scott 's feature directorial debut , The Hunger .


query: The Great Waldo Pepper's cast included Robert Redford.

pos: The Great Waldo Pepper The Great Waldo Pepper is a 1975 American drama film directed , produced , and co-written by George Roy Hill . Set during 1926 -- 1931 , the film stars Robert Redford as a disaffected World War I veteran pilot who missed the opportunity to fly in combat and his sense of postwar dislocation in 1920s America . The cast also includes Margot Kidder , Bo Svenson , Edward Herrmann and Susan Sarandon . The Great Waldo Pepper basically depicts barnstorming activity in the 1920s and the accidents that led to aviation regulations by the Air Commerce Act .

neg: Fred Aldrich Fred Aldrich ( December 23 , 1904 - January 25 , 1979 ) was an American character actor of both film and television . He would break into the film industry in 1939 , appearing in two films that year in small roles : My Son Is Guilty , and the notable , Confessions of a Nazi Spy , which starred Edward G. Robinson and George Sanders . In the course of his thirty-year career he would appear in over 170 films , in small and bit roles . With the advent of television , Aldrich would work in that medium as well , making his first small screen appearance on I Love Lucy , on which he would appear multiple times over the life of the series .   Over the course of his film career he would appear in such notable films as : Kitty Foyle ( 1940 ) , starring Ginger Rogers and Dennis Morgan ; 1945 's The Picture of Dorian Gray , starring George Sanders ; Tycoon ( 1947 ) , starring John Wayne and Laraine Day ; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court , with Bing Crosby and Rhonda Fleming ; Young Man with a Horn , starring Kirk Douglas , Lauren Bacall , and Doris Day ; the Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn vehicle , Pat and Mike ( 1952 ) ; again with Paul Newman in 1956 's Somebody Up There Likes Me ; The Last Angry Man , starring Paul Muni ; with Rock Hudson and Doris Day in Lover Come Back ( 1961 ) ; the spy spoof , Our Man Flint ( 1966 ) , starring James Coburn ; and 1967 's A Big Hand for the Little Lady , starring Henry Fonda , Joanne Woodward , and Jason Robards .   His television credits include appearances on such shows as The Rifleman , Have Gun - Will Travel , Bat Masterson , The Untouchables , Gunsmoke , Rawhide , and Perry Mason . Aldrich died on January 25 , 1979 .

neg: Robert Bice Robert Bice ( March 14 , 1914 -- January 8 , 1968 ) , was an American television and film actor .

neg: Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast .   In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run .   Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy .   Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes .   It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle .   Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .

neg: List of The Rockford Files episodes The Rockford Files is an American television drama series starring James Garner that aired on the NBC network between September 13 , 1974 , and January 10 , 1980 , and has remained in syndication to the present day . Garner portrays Los Angeles-based private investigator Jim Rockford with Noah Beery , Jr. , in the supporting role of his father , a retired truck driver nicknamed `` Rocky '' .   The series debuted with a made-for-TV movie simply titled The Rockford Files . During the series run , there were a number of two-part episodes , as well as long ( 90 or 120 minutes ) episodes that were split into two parts for syndication ( and on later DVD releases ) . Filming stopped in the middle of the sixth season ( 1979-1980 ) , on the advice of star James Garner 's doctor . Garner , who had filmed many of his own stunts , injured his back and knees .   In the 1990s , Rockford returned to the air in a series of eight TV movies on CBS .

neg: I'm from Missouri I 'm from Missouri is a 1939 American comedy film directed by Theodore Reed and written by Duke Atteberry and Jack Moffitt . The film stars Bob Burns , Gladys George , Gene Lockhart , Judith Barrett , William `` Bill '' Henry and Patricia Morison . The film was released on April 7 , 1939 , by Paramount Pictures .

neg: Frank Marlowe Frank Marlowe , also known as Frank Riggi and Frank Marlo ( January 20 , 1904 -- March 30 , 1964 ) was an American character actor from the 1930s until the 1960s . During Marlowe 's 30-year career he would appear in over 200 feature films , as well as dozens of television shows .

neg: Tiny Sandford Stanley J. `` Tiny '' Sandford ( February 26 , 1894October 29 , 1961 ) was a tall , burly actor who is best remembered for his roles in Laurel and Hardy and Charlie Chaplin films . He was usually cast as a comic heavy , and often played policemen , doormen , prizefighters , or bullies .   Sandford was born in Osage , Iowa . After working in stock theater he began acting in movies around 1910 . He appeared in The Gold Rush with Charlie Chaplin . Other Chaplin films that he appeared in include The Circus ( 1928 ) and Modern Times ( 1936 ) , where he plays `` Big Bill '' . His films with Laurel and Hardy include Big Business ( 1929 ) , Double Whoopee ( 1929 ) , The Chimp ( 1932 ) , and Our Relations ( 1936 ) . He appeared in The Warrior 's Husband as a clumsy and cowardly Hercules . Sandford also acted in Way Out West , but his sequence was cut from the final take .   He also appeared in dramas such as The World 's Champion ( 1922 ) and The Iron Mask ( 1929 ) .   He retired from acting in 1940 , the year he had a very small role in Charlie Chaplin 's The Great Dictator . He died in Los Angeles , California on October 29 , 1961 .

neg: Redford (surname) Redford is a variant of the toponymic surname `` Radford '' , though it may also arise directly from the placename `` East Retford '' in Nottingham , England which had an alternative spelling of `` Redeford '' .   Notable people sharing this surname include :   born in 16th Century  John Redford ( died 1547 ) , English composer and organist   born in 18th Century  Sebastian Redford ( 1701 -- 1763 ) , English Jesuit   born in 19th Century  Alvin J. Redford ( 1883-1974 ) , American politician  Harry Redford ( 1841 -- 1901 ) , also known as Captain Starlight , Australian stockman and cattle thief  James Redford ( 1821 -- 1909 ) , Canadian businessman and political figure   born in 20th Century  Alison Redford ( born 1965 ) , Former Premier of Alberta , Canada  Angus Redford ( born 1956 ) , Australian politician  Blair Redford ( born 1983 ) , American actor  Donald B. Redford ( born 1934 ) , Canadian Egyptologist  Emmette Redford ( 1904 -- 1998 ) , American political scientist and historian  Ian Redford ( actor ) ( born 1951 ) , British actor  Ian Redford ( born 1960 ) , Scottish footballer  Robert Redford ( born 1936 ) , American film director , actor , producer  Spencer Redford ( born 1983 ) , American actress  William Redford ( born 1958 ) , British corporate executive

neg: Danger Valley Danger Valley is a 1937 American western released by Monogram Pictures , directed by Robert N. Bradbury , written by Robert Emmett Tansey ( as `` Robert Emmett '' ) and starring Addison Randall ( aka Jack Randall ) .

neg: Robert Duvall Robert Selden Duvall ( -LSB- duːˈvɔːl -RSB- born January 5 , 1931 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards ( winning for his performance in Tender Mercies ) , seven Golden Globes ( winning four ) , and has multiple nominations and one win each of the BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Award , and Emmy Award . He received the National Medal of Arts in 2005 . Duvall has starred in numerous films and television series , including To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , The Twilight Zone ( 1963 ) , The Outer Limits ( 1964 ) , Bullitt ( 1968 ) , True Grit ( 1969 ) , MASH ( 1970 ) , THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , Joe Kidd ( 1972 ) , The Godfather ( 1972 ) , The Godfather Part II ( 1974 ) , The Conversation ( 1974 ) , Network ( 1976 ) , Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) , The Great Santini ( 1979 ) , Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , The Handmaid 's Tale ( 1990 ) , Rambling Rose ( 1991 ) , and Falling Down ( 1993 ) .   Duvall began appearing in theatre during the late 1950s , moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s , playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) and appearing in Captain Newman , M.D. ( 1963 ) . He landed many of his most famous roles during the early 1970s , such as Major Frank Burns in the blockbuster comedy MASH ( 1970 ) and the lead role in THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , as well as Horton Foote 's adaptation of William Faulkner 's Tomorrow ( 1972 ) , which was developed at The Actors Studio and is Duvall 's personal favorite . This was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films .   Since then , Duvall has continued to act in both film and television with such productions as Tender Mercies ( 1983 ) , The Natural ( 1984 ) , Colors ( 1988 ) , the television mini-series Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , Stalin ( 1992 ) , The Man Who Captured Eichmann ( 1996 ) , A Family Thing ( 1996 ) , The Apostle ( 1997 ) , A Civil Action ( 1998 ) , Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , Gods and Generals ( 2003 ) , Secondhand Lions ( 2003 ) , Broken Trail ( 2006 ) , Get Low ( 2010 ) , Jack Reacher ( 2012 ) , and The Judge ( 2014 ) .

neg: The Desert Rats (film) The Desert Rats is a 1953 American black-and-white war film from 20th Century Fox , produced by Robert L. Jacks , directed by Robert Wise , that stars Richard Burton , James Mason , and Robert Newton . The film 's storyline concerns the Siege of Tobruk in North Africa during World War II .

neg: Coleman Francis Coleman C. Francis ( January 24 , 1919 -- January 15 , 1973 ) was an American actor , writer , producer , and director . He was best known for his film trilogy consisting of The Beast of Yucca Flats ( 1961 ) , The Skydivers ( 1963 ) , Red Zone Cuba ( 1966 ) , all three of which were filmed in the general Santa Clarita , California area and used preoccupation with light aircraft and parachuting , coffee or cigarettes serving as a prop or a center of conversation , and a vigilante-style gunning down of suspects without a trial to conclude the film as frequent motifs .   All three films have gained notoriety as a result of their appearances on Mystery Science Theater 3000 , and have been often criticized for their abysmal production values , repetitive plot devices , murky picture quality , and stilted acting . Some critics have characterized Francis ' films among the all-time worst , even suggesting that he may surpass Ed Wood in terms of ineptitude .

neg: Peter Lawford Peter Sydney Ernest Lawford ( born Peter Sydney Ernest Aylen ; 7 September 1923 -- 24 December 1984 ) was a British actor who lived in the United States throughout his adult life .   He was a member of the `` Rat Pack '' and brother-in-law to President John F. Kennedy . In later years , he was noted more for his off-screen activities as a celebrity than for his acting . From the 1940s to the 1960s , he had a strong presence in popular culture and starred in a number of highly acclaimed films .

neg: Robert Benjamin Robert Saul Benjamin ( 1909-1979 ) . Robert Benjamin was a founding partner of the movie-litigation firm Phillips , Nizer , Benjamin , Krim & Ballon . With his longtime friend and partner , Arthur Krim , he took over United Artists in 1951 . The deal that they struck with then-owners Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford was that if the company showed a profit in any one of the first three years of their management , the two would be able to purchase a 50 % share of the company for one dollar .   The Krim-Benjamin team quickly showed a profit , and they bought out Chaplin and Pickford to own the company outright in 1955 . In 1957 , they took the company public .   In 1979 , Robert Benjamin won the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian award posthumously . His wife Jean accepted the award on his behalf .   Category :1909 births  Category :1979 deaths  Category : American film studio executives  Category : American lawyers  Category : Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award winners  Category :20 th-century American businesspeople

neg: Little Annie Rooney (1925 film) Little Annie Rooney is a 1925 American silent comedy-drama film starring Mary Pickford and directed by William Beaudine . Pickford , one of the most successful actresses of the silent era , was best known throughout her career for her iconic portrayals of penniless young girls . After generating only modest box office revenue playing adults in her previous two films , Pickford wrote and produced Little Annie Rooney to cater to silent film audiences . Though she was 33 years old , Pickford played the title role , an Irish girl living in the slums of New York City .   The film was a critical and commercial success , becoming one of the highest grossing films of 1925 . Restored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2014 , Little Annie Rooney is remembered today for Pickford 's performance and the high quality associated with its production .

neg: Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .

neg: Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) .   He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company .   He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) .   He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 .   * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .

neg: Ralph Richardson Sir Ralph David Richardson ( 19 December 1902 -- 10 October 1983 ) was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He worked in films throughout most of his career , and played more than sixty cinema roles . From an artistic but not theatrical background , Richardson had had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor . He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre . In 1931 he joined the Old Vic , playing mostly Shakespearean roles . He led the company the following season , succeeding Gielgud , who had taught him much about stage technique . After he left the company , a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway .   In the 1940s , together with Olivier and John Burrell , Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company . There , his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff . He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946 , before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic , leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947 . In the 1950s , in the West End and occasionally on tour , Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress , Home at Seven , and Three Sisters . He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty . He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall 's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud . He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics , preferring character parts in old and new plays .   Richardson 's film career began as an extra in 1931 . He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come ( 1936 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1962 ) and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . He received nominations and awards in the UK , Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death . Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for The Heiress ( 1949 ) and again ( posthumously ) for his final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes ( 1984 ) .   Throughout his career , and increasingly in later years , Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage . He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world , and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical .

neg: Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .

neg: Rainbow Valley (film) Rainbow Valley is a 1935 American Western film released by Monogram Pictures , written by Lindsley Parsons , directed by Robert N. Bradbury and starring John Wayne .


query: Centralia, Pennsylvania had a coal mine fire.

pos: Centralia, Pennsylvania Centralia is a borough and near-ghost town in Columbia County , Pennsylvania , United States . Its population has dwindled from more than 1,000 residents in 1980 to only 10 in 2010 -- a result of the coal mine fire which has been burning beneath the borough since 1962 . Centralia , which is part of the Bloomsburg -- Berwick metropolitan area , is the least-populated municipality in Pennsylvania . It is completely surrounded by Conyngham Township .   All real estate in the borough was claimed under eminent domain in 1992 and therein condemned by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania . Centralia 's ZIP code was discontinued by the Postal Service in 2002 . State and local officials reached an agreement with the seven remaining residents on October 29 , 2013 , allowing them to live out their lives there , after which the rights to their houses will be taken through eminent domain .

neg: Eastonville, Colorado Eastonville was a town in eastern Colorado from c. 1880-1935 . It is no longer incorporated . The area in which it occupied is now taken over by urban sprawl from Colorado Springs . The former town limits now reside in El Paso County , in the Colorado Springs metro area , near Black Forest .   The area around Eastonville began settlement around 1872 when a post office was established a mile to the south of its eventual location on Squirrel Creek . The area was located in the Black Forest of Colorado and was found to be suitable for potato farming and many pioneers homesteaded in the vicinity . In 1881 the Denver and New Orleans Railroad ( later the Colorado and Southern Railway ) laid their tracks through the area and created a stop named `` McConnellsville '' near what is now Eastonville ; this was the main standard gauge line from Colorado Springs to Denver until the 3-foot-gauge Denver and Rio Grande was 3-railed . Shortly after , in 1883 , the area post office was moved north and named `` Easton '' for a local pioneer , John Easton . The town soon became Eastonville . At the behest of the railroad , the town moved a short distance to its current site .   By the 1900s the town had 350-500 people . It had three churches , three hotels , a newspaper , a school house , race track , ball field , and many businesses . Nine to ten passenger trains passed through everyday , and with at least that many freight trains using the tracks a constant rolling of locomotives could be heard day and night in the burgeoning city . It had become the self-proclaimed `` potato capital of the world '' and some years could n't find enough workers to harvest the crops . Colorado Springs newspapers would print large advertisements offering work at respectable wages on the potato farms of Eastonville . It was one of the most prosperous farm centers in eastern Colorado that are now ghost towns .   Eastonville continued as a stable town until the 1930s when drought and depression hit the west . In 1935 the area endured a potato blight and a flood which washed away many buildings in Elbert , the next town north on the railroad ; the railroad was then abandoned . The town could n't recover without the railroad , especially since Peyton ( 6 miles away ) still had the Rock Island railroad . Although little remains but a few buildings and the cemetery , as of May 2013 the United States Board on Geographic Names still lists Eastonville as a populated place .   As the town died , the Eastonville school district was merged into the Peyton School District 23jt . Eastonville is , however , in the Falcon fire district .

neg: Oneida Street Station Oneida Street Station , also known as the East Wells Power Plant , was a power plant operated by The Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Company . Constructed from 1898 to 1900 , it was designed by architect Herman Esser in neoclassical revival style . The building is located in downtown Milwaukee , Wisconsin , at the Milwaukee River and Wells Street , which was once known as Oneida Street . The company began operating electric street cars in 1890 . Their expanding network of streetcar and interurban railway lines were powered by several of their own power plants . As the company generated more power than they used , they sold the excess electricity , and , as Wisconsin Energy Corporation , eventually became the major supplier of power to eastern Wisconsin . The American Society of Mechanical Engineers ( ASME ) describes the plant as the `` first central power station in the United States to be equipped and successfully operated with pulverized coal . ''   From 1918 to 1920 , the plant was the site of pioneering experiments into the use of pulverized coal-fired boilers . The chief engineer for the company directed experiments to determine whether pulverized coal would conserve fuel and reduced the cost of electrical power . This change was seen as controversial , and was opposed by many engineers . However , pulverized coal was determined to be much more efficient than stoker firing in the central station boilers . In addition to the change in the coal , a `` water screen '' was developed to reduce the temperature of the waste ash , to prevent it from fusing as slag on the floor of the boiler . Soon , boilers all over the country began using pulverized coal , due to the greater efficiency of the process . For this , the site is recognized as a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark , in 1980 , by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers .   The building was added to the National Register of Historic places in 1984 . However , the power plant was decommissioned and the building was renovated in 1987 . The building currently houses the Patty and Jay Baker Theater Complex and the Milwaukee Repertory Theater .

neg: Deerpark Mines Deerpark Mines , located about 3 km north of Castlecomer , County Kilkenny , were the largest opencast coalmines in Ireland , giving great employment to the area . Producing anthracite , a natural smokeless fuel , which unlike other forms of coal is not a major contributor to air pollution and air pollution-related deaths . The mines were connected to the railway system in Ireland in 1919 . This railway connection was closed in 1962 .   The coalminers lived in the nearby town of Castlecomer , in the villages of Moneenroe and Clogh and all the nearby townslands including Skehana , Mayhora , Firoda , Aughamucky , Glenmullen , Upperhills and Ardra . The Wandesforde family built a quaint terrace of houses for the miners in Kilkenny Steet , Castlecomer and a row of cottages at Deerpark as well as several individual cottages throughout the area .   The Wandesforde family were the owners of the coal mines .   At peak production in the 1950s , trains carried 300 tons a day to a depot at Kilkenny railway station close to the present hardware store called `` Chadwicks '' . Each train carried about 100 tons , which would be loaded on from 10 to 15 carriages .   Other neighbouring coal mines were the Vera ( named after Vera Wandesforde , the eldest daughter of the owner ) and the Rock near Glenmullen .   A museum about the mines was opened in 2007 in Castlecomer town .   Anthracite from Castlecomer was the source of the saying about qualities of County Kilkenny : `` Fire without smoke . ''

neg: Laurel Run mine fire The Laurel Run mine fire is an underground mine fire near the communities of Laurel Run and Georgetown , in Luzerne County , Pennsylvania , in the United States . The fire started burning in 1915 at the Red Ash Coal Mine . Attempts to control it lasted from 1915 to 1957 and recommenced in 1966 . In the 1960s , the United States government and the Pennsylvania state government became involved in containing the fire . Attempts at stopping the spread of the fire were erroneously declared successful in 1973 , but the fire is still burning .

neg: Central Railroad of Pennsylvania (1891–1918) The Central Railroad of Pennsylvania was a short railroad of 27.3 mi built to connect Bellefonte , Pennsylvania with the Beech Creek Railroad ( part of the New York Central ) at Mill Hall , Pennsylvania . Sustained by shipments from the Bellefonte iron industry , the abandonment of the iron furnaces there led to its demise in 1918 .

neg: Laurel Summit State Park Laurel Summit State Park is a 6 acre Pennsylvania state park in Cook Township , Westmoreland County , Pennsylvania in the United States . It is also a picnic area with a scenic view of Linn Run on the summit of Laurel Mountain . The temperatures at Laurel Summit State Park are generally several degrees cooler than the surrounding towns in the valleys . The elevation of the park is 2739 ft above sea level .   The area in and surrounding Laurel Summit State Park is now a thriving second growth forest . One hundred years ago it was generally described as a `` waste land '' . The ridges of the Laurel Mountain had once been covered with old-growth forest . These forests were clear cut during the lumber era that swept over most of the mountains and forests of Pennsylvania during the mid-to-late 19th century and very early 20th century . The lumberman stripped the mountains . They took the logs to the sawmill where they were cut into lumber . Smaller logs were used to reinforce the mine shafts of the many coal mines throughout southwestern Pennsylvania and West Virginia . The bark of the hemlock tree was used as a source of tannin at the tanneries of the area . The only thing the lumbermen left behind was the treetops . These tree tops were left to dry . The passing steam locomotives of the Pittsburgh , Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad would ignite this dry brush causing massive wildfires that swept through the mountains and valleys . In 1909 , after the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania had purchased the land from the lumberman , Forester John R. Williams reported , `` I should say that fully three-fifths ( 60 % ) of the reserve had been burned since the lumbering was done . The fires did great damage to the young growth . Some places were covered with nothing but ferns and blackberry bushes . '' Scars from these fires can still be seen today in the Laurel Summit vicinity .   Most of the wildlife in the area was devastated due to the destruction of their habitat or over hunting . White-tailed deer were imported from Michigan and New York to reestablish what had once been a thriving population of deer . These deer were released throughout Pennsylvania . The current population of deer in Pennsylvania are descended from the original stock that was introduced in 1910 after the lumberman had moved out of the area .

neg: Allegheny Conference The Allegheny Conference on Community Development is an nonprofit , private sector leadership organization dedicated to economic development and quality of life issues for a 10-county region in southwestern Pennsylvania , United States .   It grew from efforts in the 1940s to coordinate improvements to regional transportation and the local environment . During World War II , the Pittsburgh Regional Planning Association President Richard King Mellon , Carnegie Institute of Technology President Robert Doherty , and others organized local leaders to create a postwar planning committee . Pittsburgh Mayor David L. Lawrence and Allegheny County Commissioner John Kane were early recruits . The Allegheny Conference was officially established in 1944 .   The city 's most visible problem in the first half of the 20th century was air pollution . The Conference brokered an agreement for phased-in implementation of smoke control that became city policy . After the Conference voiced its concern for legal loopholes to the state legislature in Harrisburg , Pennsylvania , a comprehensive anti-pollution law was passed in 1949 for Allegheny County .   The clearer skies over the city both attracted new business and encouraged local corporations to retain and expand their Pittsburgh headquarters . The pollution-control program explicitly influenced the decision of the Equitable Life Assurance Society to invest in planning the Gateway Center project , a keystone of economic revitalization in Downtown Pittsburgh during Renaissance I . This also led to the development of Point State Park . The Conference also played a role in the appropriation of funds for the construction of flood control dams on the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers .   In the 1940s and 1950s , mass transit in Allegheny County was in jeopardy because of 40 private transit companies and increased competition from cars . The Conference released a report in 1951 calling for all local transit lines to be under one authority . Public suspicions and private interests delayed the measure until service cutbacks and strikes rekindled the idea in 1957 . The Conference was instrumental in building public and private support . In 1959 , legislation was passed to create the Port Authority of Allegheny County , and the first buses were rolling in 1964 .   Allegheny Conference is a longtime partner with the RIDC . In 1981 it formed the Regional Economic Development Committee with the RIDC that included `` 18 of the region 's top corporate executives '' .   The Conference also led the transformation of the 14-block Penn-Liberty Corridor into the Pittsburgh Cultural District . A related effort was Strategy 21 that enabled public and private agencies in Allegheny County to speak with one voice when requesting state funds . Strategy 21 not only resulted in projects that ranged from the new Pittsburgh International Airport to The Andy Warhol Museum .   In 2001 , the Conference entered into a strategic affiliation with the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce , the Pennsylvania Economy League of Southwestern Pennsylvania , and the Pittsburgh Regional Alliance ( PRA ) , with the four organizations merging many staff positions in 2003 .

neg: List of people from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania The following is a list of notable people from Luzerne County , Pennsylvania .   Edie Adams , Singer , actress , & comedian ; wife of Ernie Kovacs  Nick Adams , actor , ( Mister Roberts , Rebel Without a Cause ) , best known to audiences as Johnny Yuma of the TV series The Rebel  Lou Barletta , congressman representing the 11th District of Pennsylvania  Hazel Barnes , philosopher  Douglas Carter Beane , playwright  Al Bedner , NFL player  Steve Bilko , 20 years old when he broke into professional baseball on September 22 , 1949 , with the St. Louis Cardinals  David Bohm , quantum physicist  Charles Calvin Bowman , mayor of Pittston and U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania  Hubie Brown , basketball coach and television analyst  James Joseph Brown , mining innovator  Russell Bufalino , ( 1903 -- 1994 ) , organized crime leader in Pennsylvania , New York , and the American Cosa Nostra .  Benjamin Burnley , lead singer and guitarist for rock band Breaking Benjamin  Lou Butera , professional pool player  Russ Canzler , Major League Baseball player in the New York Yankees minor league organization .  Lillian Cahn , co-founder of Coach , Inc. and Coach handbag designer  George Catlin , artist  Jimmy Cefalo , Penn State football player , Miami Dolphins wide receiver , radio voice of the Miami Dolphins  Britton Chance , bio-physicist and Olympic sailor  Mark Ciavarella , disgraced judge in kids for cash scandal  Mark Cohen , street photographer  Flick Colby , choreographer  Colleen Corby , 1960s fashion model  Amasa Dana , former U.S. Congressman  William D'Elia , mobster  Mary Lucy Dosh ( 1839 -- 1861 ) , member of the Sisters of Nazareth and volunteer nurse in the American Civil War  Charles B. Dougherty , Army National Guard major general who commanded the 28th Infantry Division  Mark Duda , NFL player , Lackawanna College football head coach  Francis A. `` Mother '' Dunn , football player for the Canton Bulldogs  Carl Duser , baseball player  Todd A. Eachus , former state representative of the 116th District and House majority leader of Pennsylvania  David Evans , Hollywood filmmaker most known for the movie The Sandlot  Jesse Fell , early experimenter with anthracite coal  John S. Fine , 35th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1951 to 1955 .  Pat Finn , game show host whose shows include Lifetime 's , The Family Channel 's , and PAX 's Shop 'til You Drop  Ham Fisher , cartoonist  Steamer Flanagan , professional baseball player  J. Harold Flannery , U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania  Tess Gardella , actress  Pete Gray , one of the two men ever to play major league baseball having lost his right arm in a childhood accident . His life is depicted in the 1986 television production A Winner Never Quits . There is a historical marker in the Hanover section of Nanticoke at Front and Center St. denoting the place of his birth .  Justin Gustainis , professor and author  James L. Hallock , Wisconsin state legislator  Harry Hamilton , Former NFL Player  William Harmatz , jockey , winner of 1959 Preakness Stakes  Dan Harris ( screenwriter ) , Hollywood director and screenwriter  George Washington Helme , businessman and founder of Helmetta , New Jersey  Joe Hergert , former professional football player  Raye Hollitt , bodybuilder , American Gladiators and actress , Skin Deep  Henry M. Hoyt , early governor of Pennsylvania  Mike Hudock , professional football player  Qadry Ismail , former NFL wide receiver on the Baltimore Ravens  Raghib Ismail , former NFL player and Heisman Trophy runner-up  Stephanie Jallen , Paralympic skier  Florence Foster Jenkins , unconventional operatic soprano , subject of film starring Meryl Streep  Hughie Jennings , Major League Baseball player and manager  Russell Johnson , Actor best known as The Professor ( Gilligan 's Island )  Candy Jones , fashion model , writer , radio personality  Dorothy Andrews Elston Kabis , Treasurer of the United States  Paul E. Kanjorski , former U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania 's 11th congressional district ( which includes Nanticoke )  James Karen , actor  Michael Kirwan , represented Youngstown , Ohio in Congress , 1938 -- 1970  Franz Kline , abstract expressionist painter  Thomas R. Kline , lawyer  Shawn Klush , Elvis tribute artist  Sarah Knauss , lived to age 119  Kelsey Kolojejchick , Field hockey player for the US Olympic Team  Mike Konnick , former MLB player  Mary Jo Kopechne , passenger killed in car driven by Ted Kennedy at Chappaquidick  Harley Jane Kozak , actress and author  Norm Larker ( Beaver Meadows ) , National League All-Star player for the LA Dodgers  Matthew Lesko , infomercial personality  Sherrie Levine , photographer and appropriation artist  Edward B. Lewis , winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine  Santo Loquasto , Tony Award winning Broadway production designer  John D. MacArthur , businessman and philanthropist  Joe Maddon , manager of Major League Baseball 's Chicago Cubs  Garrick Mallery , ethnologist  Herman Mankiewicz , screenwriter of Citizen Kane  Joseph L. Mankiewicz , Academy Award-winning director and producer  Greg Manusky , Former NFL Player  Al Markim , actor ( Tom Corbett , Space Cadet )  Tom Matchick , MLB player for the Detroit Tigers , Boston Red Sox , Kansas City Royals , Milwaukee Brewers , Baltimore Orioles  Francis T. McAndrew , Psychologist/Professor/Author  Mary McDonnell , actress twice nominated for Academy Award  William G. McGowan , former MCI Communications chairman ; responsible for breaking up the Bell Telephone monopoly  Patrick McGrath , professional hockey player  Tom McHale ( novelist born 1941 )  Edward Peter McManaman , Roman Catholic bishop  Tommy McMillan , Major League Baseball outfielder and shortstop  Edward Meneeley , painter  Lou Michaels , Former NFL Player  Rick Mikula , author , lecturer , naturalist  Joseph Montione , radio personality  Albert Mudrian , author and magazine editor  Leo C. Mundy , Pennsylvania state senator and physician  Jozef Murgas , radio pioneer  Ray Musto , U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania  Judith Nathan , wife of former New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani  Claudette Nevins , actress  Amedeo Obici , founder of Planters Peanuts  Thomas J. O'Hara , Provincial of the U.S. Province of Priests and Brothers of the Congregation of the Holy Cross ; former president of King 's College  Jerry Orbach , Tony award-winning actor  Phil Ostrowski , NFL player  Jack Palance ( Hazle Township ) , Oscar-winning actor  John Paluck , football player for Washington Redskins and Pro Bowl selection  Jay Parini , professor and author  Bob Patton , former NFL PLayer  Maryanne Petrilla , served on the Luzerne County Board of Commissioners ; second female Commissioner Chairperson in the county 's history  Joe Pisarcik , Former NFL Quarterback  William Daniel Phillips , co-recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics  Suzie Plakson , Actress  Dave Popson , Former NBA basketball player  John Quackenbush , Genome Scientist  Krysten Ritter , actress  Mendy Rudolph , NBA referee from 1953 to 1975  Sam Savitt , equestrian artist , author  Michael Schoeffling , actor , played Jake Ryan in film Sixteen Candles  M. Gerald Schwartzbach , California criminal defense attorney  Harriet Segal , novelist ; born Harriet Feinberg , Wilkes-Barre  Paige Selenski , field hockey player for the US Olympic Team  Chuck Sieminski , Former NFL Player  Greg Skrepenak , former NFL player , served on the Luzerne County Board of Commissioners , convicted felon  Jonathan Slavin , character actor  Ron Solt , former NFL player  Andrew Soltis , Chess Grandmaster  Jacob Sullum , journalist and author , featured in Academy Award-nominated documentary Super Size Me  Bob Sura , basketball player , Houston Rockets  John Thomas Sweeney , murderer of Dominique Dunne , was born and raised in Hazleton  Albert Tannenbaum , member of Murder , Inc. , born in Nanticoke  Louis Teicher , pianist ; member of the duo Ferrante & Teicher  Dan Terry , Trumpet player and big band leader  Thomas Tigue , Pennsylvania state legislator  Alexis Toth ( St. Alexis of Wilkes-Barre ) , saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church  Mike Tresh , MLB catcher  Charley Trippi , University of Georgia football player , 1943 Rose Bowl MVP , College Football Hall of Fame inductee , Chicago Cardinals quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee . The football stadium at Pittston Area High School in Yatesville is named in his honor .  Bob Tucker , NFL tight end with the New York Giants  Stephen Urban , served on the Luzerne County Board of Commissioners and the Luzerne County Council  Ed Walsh , Hall of Fame pitcher ; major league baseball 's all-time ERA leader  Harry Welsh , World War II first lieutenant in Easy Company  Michael Whalen , actor  Ira W. Wood , represented from 1904 to 1913  Frank Zane , bodybuilder , three-time Mr. Olympia , won Mr. America , Mr. Universe , Mr. World ; donated gym at Wilkes University

neg: Hillcrest mine disaster The Hillcrest mine disaster , the worst coal mining disaster in Canadian history , occurred at Hillcrest , Alberta , in the Crowsnest Pass region of western Canada , on Friday June 19 , 1914 , 9:30 am . At the time it was the world 's third worst mine disaster .   The accident had a profound effect on the town of Hillcrest Mines , which in 1914 had a population of about 1,000 . A total of 189 workers died , about half of the mine 's total workforce , which left 130 women widowed and about 400 children fatherless . Many of the victims were buried in a mass grave at the Hillcrest Cemetery . Condolences came from across the country , including a brief message from King George V , but the commencement of World War I soon overshadowed this event .   Operations at Hillcrest mine continued until 1939 .   A monument to the Hillcrest mine disaster and the lives lost has been placed at the Hillcrest cemetery . In 1990 , Canadian folk-singer James Keelaghan recorded Hillcrest Mine , one of his best-known songs . The disaster is also featured in the song `` Coal Miner '' ( album Heads Is East , Tails Is West , 2014 ) by Alberta-based Rocky Mountain Folk-Pop singer Joal Kamps .

neg: Dillerville, Pennsylvania Dillerville or Dillersville is an extinct hamlet in Lancaster County , Pennsylvania , United States .   Dillerville was established between the Harrisburg and Manheim pikes , at the intersection of the Lancaster and Reading railroads .   It is sometimes called Dillerville , and sometimes called Dillersville . The USPS database uses the singular spelling for Dillerville Road , as does Mapquest 's database . Searching on Google shows the singular spelling to be about six times as popular .   The Dillerville name lives on in the Conrail maintenance yard in Lancaster , a wetlands known as the Dillerville swamp , and in Dillerville Road .   According to an 1855 publication , the Pennsylvania Railroad , double-tracked , runs east from Dillerville 69 mi to Philadelphia and west to Columbia ; at Dillerville , there is a junction with the Harrisburg , Portsmouth , Mount Joy and Lancaster Railroad , which extends 36 mi to Harrisburg .   An 1864 atlas of Lancaster County shows six property owners in Dillerville : Benjamin Herr , Henry Huber , Hy Holl , Patrick McLaughlin , Samuel Ruth , and Emil Shober . Lue E. Huber , age 42 , died in Dillerville on April 16 , 1893 and Viola Keith , age 1 year , on Mar 1 , 1888 according to inscriptions on their headstones .   In the Lancaster County Historical Society Vol . 53 , No. 3 , p. 87 a list of teachers for the one-room schoolhouse is given as :   In 1851-52 James Benson was teaching a group of 44 including the names Ruth Hall , McGrann , Schreiner , Huber , Smith , McGlaughlan , Blizzard , hackman , Swails , Graft and Getz . The school was referred to as No. 5 and was located `` on the west side of Dillerville Lane opposite the lane that led to the Brennan Farm '' .  About 1895 , Harry R. Bassler  about 1900 , Miss Anna Eby  1903 , Miss Ada Burkholder ( Shuman )  1904 , Mr. Evans  1905 , Dr. J.G. Hess  1906 , C. H. Martin ( Treasurer of the historical society ) with fifty-five pupils in eight grades  1907 , John Matter  Later , and for twenty years , it was occupied as a dwelling by Frank Heisler .   In 1999 , students from the Lancaster Academy planted more than 500 wetland plants , including buttonbush , soft-stem bullrush , water iris and silky dogwood in an 8 acre wetland near Red Rose Commons , known as the Dillerville Swamp .

neg: Montour Railroad Montour Railroad is a former short line railroad company operating passenger and freight service on standard gauge track in southwestern Pennsylvania . At its height in the 1930s , the railroad served 27 mines transporting nearly seven million tons of coal annually in Allegheny and Washington Counties .   The Montour Railroad Company was chartered in 1877 as a wholly owed subsidiary of the Imperial Coal Company . The first segment constructed extended from the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad line at Montour Junction , near Coraopolis , Pennsylvania to the Imperial Coal Company mines at Imperial , Pennsylvania . In 1901 the Pittsburgh Coal Company assumed control of the railroad . A major expansion was undertaken in 1912 to reach new coal mines and factories . By 1917 the town of West Mifflin , Pennsylvania on the Monongahela River was reached . The Montour Railroad became an important feeder line and eventually all five major truck carriers in the southwestern Pennsylvania market were linked to the Montour Railroad . In 1946 the Pittsburgh Coal Company sold the Montour Railroad to the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad ( a subsidiary of the New York Central Railroad ) , who operated it jointly . A 5 mile branch served Moon Township , this segment being operated by the B&O until 1974 . The P&LE acquired sole control of the Montour Railroad in 1975 .   The railroad 's engine houses and shops were at Montour Junction , near the Ohio River at Coraopolis , Pennsylvania . The Montour Railroad had passenger service in its early years from 15 stations along its route , but passenger service was abandoned by the mid-1920s . By the 1950s most of the coal mines the Montour serviced had been worked out and the Montour began a slow decline . The Montour Railroad was down to just 23 miles of track between Montour Junction and Gilmore Junction when operations ceased in 1984 with the closing of the Westland Coal mine , the Montour 's last remaining major customer . In the 1990s large portions of the rights of way were acquired by the Montour Trail Council in a `` rails to trails '' program .   In 1944 Montour reported 159 million ton-miles of revenue freight ; at the end of that year it operated 50 miles of road and 84 miles of track .   In December 2010 MarkWest Energy announced plans to lease the Westland Branch right of way from the Montour Trail Council for 30 years . The branch was redeveloped as a combination trail and railroad operated by the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway to serve MarkWest 's Westland natural gas processing plant . Construction was completed and the branch began operation in August 2012 .

neg: Coalbrook mining disaster The worst mining disaster in South Africa occurred in the Coalbrook coal mine of Clydesdale Colliery on 21 January 1960 at around 19:00 when cave in occurred about 180 metres underground . About 1 000 miners were in the mine at the time and 435 died after being trapped the rest escaped from an incline shaft .   Immediately after the incident , rescue teams arrived from other mines in the region and boreholes were drilled into areas where survivors were expected to be . But when microphones were lowered no signs of life were detected , there were no survivors . After 11 days the rescue was called off .

neg: Mount Carmel Forest Fire (2010) The Mount Carmel Forest Fire ( Hebrew : אסון הכרמל Ason HaKarmel , `` The Carmel Disaster '' ) was a deadly forest fire that started on Mount Carmel in northern Israel , just south of Haifa . The fire began at about 11:00 local time on 2 December 2010 , and spread quickly , consuming much of the Mediterranean forest covering the region . The fire claimed 44 lives , making it the deadliest in Israeli history . The dead were mostly Israel Prison Service officer cadets , as well as three senior police officers , among them the chief of Haifa 's police . More than 17,000 people were evacuated , including several villages in the vicinity of the fire , and there was considerable property and environmental damage .   The fire appeared to be caused by human activity near the Druze town of Isfiya . On 6 December a 14-year-old resident of the town told police that he had inadvertently started the fire with a nargila coal . The teen 's father argued that his son was witnessed in school at the time and could not have started the blaze .   The fire was followed by a wave of arsons throughout Israel and the West Bank . These fires , which initially created confusion regarding the source of the Carmel blaze , were all extinguished within a few hours of being lit . The motivation for the attacks was not immediately clear . Israeli police have referred to some of these fires as arson .   Government officials , including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman , called on other countries to help assist in firefighting efforts , and the Israel Defense Forces mobilized troops for the same purpose . The fire was defeated on 5 December after raging for four days .

neg: Pennsylvania Anthracite Heritage Museum The Pennsylvania Anthracite Heritage Museum preserves the heritage of anthracite coal mining in the U.S. State of Pennsylvania and is located in McDade Park in Scranton . The museum is part of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission . It features exhibits detailing the industrial history of northeastern Pennsylvania . The museum was featured on The Office episode `` The Merger '' in Michael and Dwight 's parody of Lazy Sunday .   A few museum exhibits are also located at the companion Lackawana Coal Mine Tour .

neg: Peale, Pennsylvania Peale , Pennsylvania is a ghost town located in Cooper Township , Clearfield County , Pennsylvania . It was founded in 1883 and was named after S.R. Peale of Lock Haven .   An excerpt from The Raftman 's Journal , published on August 20 , 1885 , describes more in-depth what the town was like :   The town of Peale is located on the line of the Beech Creek Railroad 75 miles west of Williamsport . It was named after S.R. Peale of Lock Haven and is owned , and everything in it too , by the coal company . Two years ago the ground was a wilderness ; today there are nearly 300 buildings and a population of 2,500 souls in the place , every one of whom is employed or dependent upon those employed by the coal or railroad company .   The town was built on a hill above Moravian Run . It is divided in two by a small tributary stream . The place is laid out with all the regularity of a city . Down in the ravine , at the foot of town are the slaughter houses , while all the stables drain into the little stream running through the center . A reservoir in back of town distributes pure water into every street and to every house in the place . The houses are 2 story frame buildings painted brick red ; wainscoted to 4 ft. and plastered throughout ; three rooms on the first floor , 2 or 3 on the second . They rent for $ 4.25 - $ 6.75 per month including water . Altogether they are the most comfortable miners ' cabins seen throughout the county and the rent is not high for a man earning $ 9 -- $ 12 per week .   The site of the Oakwood Cemetery is one of the few distinguishable sites left in what was once a thriving coal mining town -- and `` distinguishable '' is a very loose term . The cemetery only has one marked grave remaining , belonging to Martha Renfrew , aged 14yrs , 11mos at the time of her death .

neg: Rocky Mount fire of 2016 On Friday , April 16 , 2016 , a 200 acre forest fire was first reported in Shenandoah National Park in the U.S. state of Virginia . The fire originated in the area around Rocky Mount , a mountain in the south district of the park , in a remote region south of Elkton , Virginia . The fire was west of Skyline Drive , the scenic byway that runs through the park . By April 17 , the fire had spread to over 500 acre , prompting closures of Skyline Drive from mile markers 65 at Swift Run Gap to 79 at Loft Mountain . Additionally , more than a dozen hiking trails were closed , including a section of the Appalachian Trail . By Monday April 18 , officials reported that the fire had spread to over 2000 acre and that a Type 1 incident management team ( highest priority ) and several hotshot firefighting crews had been dispatched to address the situation . By Wednesday April 20 , more than 200 firefighters were on scene or en route , supported by two helicopters carrying water buckets and eight fire engines . National Park Service officials reported on the morning of April 20 that the fire had spread to 4000 acre and that 250 firefighting personnel were engaged in establishing firelines in an effort to control the blaze . By that evening , officials had reported that the fire had expanded to roughly 5616 acre and that at mile marker 76 on Skyline Drive , the fire had crossed the road and burned another 80 to . The fire was only 1 percent contained and full containment was not anticipated until April 30 because of ongoing weather conditions favoring fire growth . By the evening of Thursday , April 21 , the fire had expanded to 7935 acre and more than 300 firefighting and support personnel had been assigned to the fire . The fire expanded to 8952 acre and 342 firefighters were assigned to the fire by the evening of April 22 .   Skyline Drive road closure was extended further south to mile 87 on April 22 . By the evening of April 24 , the fire had expanded slightly from the previous day to 9386 acre . The fire was 60 percent contained and 356 firefighting and support personnel were assigned to the fire . On April 25 , total acreage burned expanded to 10376 acre , partly due to back burn efforts to burn out vegetation in the path of the main fire . The back-burn was created by dropping `` ping pong balls '' from a helicopter ; these are spheres the size of a ping pong ball filled with a flammable substance that ignites as they impact the ground . On April 28 the fire was 90 percent contained and rainfall and fog made for difficult fireline work for the firefighters , however the fire was deemed to be well within containment lines and a third of the firefighting personnel were demobilizing . Mop up of firelines and rehabilitation of trails and natural resources was expected to continue until May 3 . The final figure for acreage burned was determined to be 10326 acre ; the second largest forest fire in the history of Shenadoah National Park . On April 29 the fire was fully contained and while most hiking trails that has been closed to public access would remain closed for a few more days , Skyline Drive was reopened to public vehicular traffic .   Smoke from the fire was reportedly visible in satellite imagery , drifting southeast and causing smoke haze over portions of central Virginia . The cause of the fire is unknown , but officials report it is likely human-caused . The fire 's expansion has mainly been caused by relatively hot and dry conditions compounded by low humidity levels and moderate to occasionally gusty winds . Smoke from the fire that was drifting to the southeast on April 19 shifted to the northwest on the 20th and again to the northeast on the 21st , spreading particulates into the air over Washington , D.C. . The wind shift was due to an approaching weather front that brought only .10 inch of rain . To accommodate hikers attempting to use the Appalachian Trail , a shuttle service was set up to run every hour during normal business hours for the duration of the fire and trail closure . A no fly zone was also enacted , including prohibiting private drones from flying anywhere near the fire . The fire burned a region that has not previously experienced a fire since the creation of the park , so the area was full of dead and down wood , deep duff and overgrowth that was overdue for a large fire .

neg: Tea Fire The Tea Fire was a wildfire that began on November 13 , 2008 , destroying 210 homes in the cities of Montecito and Santa Barbara , California in the United States of America . It was the first of several November 2008 wildfires that burned hundreds of homes November 13 -- 15 , 2008 . The Tea Fire ignited in the Cold Springs section of Montecito at approximately 17:50 PST on November 13 , 2008 . The fire started at a Mar Y Cel historic structure called the `` Tea House '' above Mountain Drive , giving the fire its name . Spreading rapidly , it was fanned by offshore winds , known as Sundowner winds that blow down the Santa Ynez Mountains , gusting up to 85 mph ( 113 km/h ) . These winds caused the fire to spread into the city of Santa Barbara . The fire was 40 % contained on the 15th , 75 % on the 16th , and by November 17 , 2008 it was 95 % contained after burning 1,940 acres ( 785 ha ) , and on November 18 , it was 100 % contained .   On November 15 , 2008 , Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger visited areas burned in the Tea Fire , noting : `` When you walk around the area that was destroyed , it looks like hell . ''

neg: Greenwood Furnace State Park Greenwood Furnace State Park is a 423 acre Pennsylvania state park in Jackson Township , Huntingdon County , Pennsylvania in the United States . The park is near the historic iron making center of Greenwood Furnace . The park includes the ghost town of Greenwood that grew up around the ironworks , old roads and charcoal hearths . Greenwood Furnace State Park is adjacent to Rothrock State Forest and on the western edge of an area of Central Pennsylvania known as the Seven Mountains . The park is on Pennsylvania Route 305 , 20 mi south of State College .   Within the park is Greenwood Lake , a 6 acre lake that is stocked with trout and which allows ice fishing during the winter . The dam that forms the lake is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Greenwood Furnace State Park was chosen by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ( DCNR ) and its Bureau of Parks as one of `` 25 Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks '' .

neg: Dagus Mines, Pennsylvania Dagus Mines is an unincorporated community and coal town located in Elk County , Pennsylvania . Their post office opened in 1880 . Dagus Mines was built by the Northwestern and Mine Exchange Company for its many workers . The company would open multiple mines in the area with the first one being Eureka . The most famous mine was a 36 '' thick section of the Lower Kittanning seam . ( Sometimes locally known as the Dagus seam . ) J.H. Steele would open the `` Company Store , '' carrying mining supplies , clothing , footwear , groceries and feed for farm animals . It later became G.H. Gatto 's store . The building then served as an apartment building until early 2017 when it was destroyed by fire and razed . Dagus Mines also featured a hotel and union hall . `` Where the Fox Township Medical Center is located today , the Dagus Mines Union Hall once stood . Besides union meetings , medicine shows often appeared there . Across the street from the union hall was the Hau Hotel . ''

neg: Monongah mining disaster The Monongah mining disaster of Monongah , West Virginia , occurred on December 6 , 1907 , and has been described as `` the worst mining disaster in American History '' . The explosion occurred in Fairmont Coal Company 's No. 6 and No. 8 mines .