query: Nigeria is part of The Next Eleven countries alongside Egypt and South Korea according to Jim O'Neil.

pos: Nigeria The Federal Republic of Nigeria -LSB- naɪˈdʒɪəriə -RSB- , commonly referred to as Nigeria , is a federal republic in West Africa , bordering Benin in the west , Chad and Cameroon in the east , and Niger in the north . Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean . It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory , where the capital , Abuja is located . Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country .   Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia . The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century , and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 . The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms . Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960 , and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970 . It has since alternated between democratically elected civilian governments and military dictatorships , until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999 , with the 2011 presidential elections considered the first to be reasonably free and fair .   Nigeria is often referred to as the `` Giant of Africa '' , owing to its large population and economy . With approximately 184 million inhabitants , Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world . Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world . The country is viewed as a multinational state , as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups , of which the three largest are the Hausa , Igbo and Yoruba ; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages , and are identified with wide variety of cultures . The official language is English . Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians , who live mostly in the southern part of the country , and Muslims in the northern part . A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria , such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities .   , Nigeria is the world 's 20th largest economy , worth more than $ 500 billion and $ 1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively . It overtook South Africa to become Africa 's largest economy in 2014 . The 2013 debt-to-GDP ratio was 11 percent . Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank ; it has been identified as a regional power on the African continent , a middle power in international affairs , and has also been identified as an emerging global power . Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries , which are widely seen as the globe 's next `` BRIC-like '' economies . It is also listed among the `` Next Eleven '' economies set to become among the biggest in the world . Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many other international organizations , including the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations and OPEC .

pos: Next Eleven The Next Eleven ( known also by the numeronym N-11 ) are the eleven countries -- Bangladesh , Egypt , Indonesia , Iran , Mexico , Nigeria , Pakistan , the Philippines , Turkey , South Korea and Vietnam -- identified by Goldman Sachs investment bank and economist Jim O'Neill in a research paper as having a high potential of becoming , along with the BRICS countries , among the world 's largest economies in the 21st century . The bank chose these states , all with promising outlooks for investment and future growth , on December 12 , 2005 . At the end of 2011 , the four most prominent countries in the Next Eleven , Mexico , Indonesia , Nigeria and Turkey ( commonly referret to as MINT ) , made up 73 percent of all Next Eleven GDP . BRIC GDP was $ 13.5 trillion , MINT GDP comprising almost 30 percent of that : $ 3.9 trillion .   The criteria that Goldman Sachs used were macroeconomic stability , political maturity , openness of trade and investment policies , and the quality of education . The N-11 paper is a follow-up to the bank 's 2003 paper on the four emerging `` BRIC '' economies , Brazil , Russia , India , and China . It can be compared with the CIVETS list coined by Robert Ward , global forecasting director for the Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) -- having a few differences , but many similarities .

neg: Nigerian literature Nigerian literature is the literature of Nigeria which is written by Nigerians , for Nigerians and addresses Nigerian issues . It is written in English , Igbo , Urhobo , Yoruba , Hausa , and the other languages of the country . The languages used by authors in Nigeria are based in part on geography , with authors in the northern part of the country writing in Hausa . Nigerian authors have won numerous accolades , including the Nobel Prize in Literature and the Man Booker .

neg: Anioma people Anioma people are the indigenous Igbo people located primarily in Delta State , Nigeria . They make up about one-third of Delta State and , for administrative purposes , are referred to as `` Delta North , '' thus contrasting Delta Central and Delta South , areas densely inhabited by the Urhobo , Isoko , Ijaw , and Itsekiri , the other ethnic groups inhabiting Delta State . The Anioma region has a total population of 1,114,055 , not including those Anioma communities located outside of Delta State .   The Anioma populace make up small numbers in neighbouring Edo State , specifically in Igbanke ( Igbo Akiri ) , Ozo and Ekpon . The term `` Anioma '' means `` good land '' in Igbo and , coincidentally , is also an acronym derived from the four original local government areas , i.e. , ( A ) for Aniocha , ( N ) for Ndokwa , ( I ) for Ika and ( O ) for Oshimili , M and A being common denominators found in the original four local government areas . The coinage was made by the founding father , Chief Dennis Osadebay , in 1951 and has remained the preferred indigenous name by which the people collectively refer to themselves . Sentimentally , there are also Anioma communities in parts of certain towns in Anambra State , namely Onitsha , Ogbaru , Akwukwu Obosi , Ozobulu and Ogidi . They can also be found in the Oguta and Ndoni areas of Imo and Rivers States , respectively . Anioma people , who had one identity prior to the coming of the Europeans , were balkanized after they lost the Ekumeku War against the British imperialism , in 1914 , after 31 years of fighting .   The Ekemeku War was the longest resistance against British imperialism in Nigeria .

neg: Ila Orangun Ìlá Òràngún ( or Ila , or Ila-Orogun ) is an ancient city in Osun State , Nigeria , that was capital of an ancient city-state of the same name in the Igbomina area of Yorubaland in south-western Nigeria . Ìlá Òràngún is the more populous sister-city ( and sister-kingdom ) of Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún , located about 7.5 miles ( 12 km ) to the north-east .   It is the headquarters of the Ila Local Government Area .   The people of Ila speak the distinctive dialect of the Yoruba language called Igbomina ( or Ogbonna ) . A common traditional profession of the indigenes of the town is palm-wine tapping . This profession is referenced in one of the most popular songs and common sayings about the town of Ila . The proverb Ila ' o l'oogun , emu l'oogun Ila means : `` Ila has no special medicine or magical preparations other than palm-wine '' . A folk song also says Ila ni mi , ise mi o le/ti mo ba wa l'orun ope bi ` ofusia ' ni i ri , which translates into English as : `` I am a citizen of Ila , my profession is very easy ; if I am on top of a palm tree , I feel like I am upstairs in a multi-storey building . ''   Ila-Orangun is the home of the Oyo ( now Osun ) State College of Education . The African Heritage Research Library was established in 1988 .

neg: Partners for a New Beginning In his `` A New Beginning '' speech on June 4 , 2009 , at Cairo University in Cairo , Egypt , President of the United States Barack Obama stated that `` I 've come here to Cairo to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world , one based on mutual interest and mutual respect , and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive and need not be in competition . Instead , they overlap , and share common principles -- principles of justice and progress ; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings . '' During the speech , he also committed to `` host a Summit on Entrepreneurship this year to identify how we can deepen ties between business leaders , foundations and social entrepreneurs in the United States and Muslim communities around the world '' .   To support the President 's `` New Beginning '' goals , United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton launched Partners for a New Beginning along with former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright , Walter Isaacson ( President of The Aspen Institute ) , and Muhtar Kent ( Chairman and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company ) on April 27 , 2010 . Leading the initiative on the State Department side is Kris Balderston , Special Representative for Global Partnerships . In addition to its presence in the United States , PNB has established 11 local chapters across the Middle East and North Africa and , along with its partners , has launched , expanded or pledged support for more than 70 projects since the partnership 's inception in September 2010 .

neg: Church of Nigeria The Church of Nigeria is the Anglican church in Nigeria . It is the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion , as measured by baptized membership ( but not by attendance ) , after the Church of England . It gives its current membership as `` over 18 million '' , out of a total Nigerian population of 140 million . Other statistics reveal that the Church of Nigeria has 2 million active attendees on a Sunday .   Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces . It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 . The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja . Its primate is Archbishop Nicholas Okoh .

neg: Nigeria at the 2012 Summer Paralympics Nigeria competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London , United Kingdom from August 29 to September 9 , 2012 . Nigerian Paralympians combined won more medals than their Olympic counterparts in London , winning 6 golds , 5 silvers and 2 bronze medals .   The 2012 Paralympic Games played an important role in Nigerian society in terms of assisting in changing people 's attitudes towards people with disabilities . In some cases , this allowed Nigerian medalists to return home and be the primary breadwinner for their families .   Powerlifting was Nigeria 's dominant sport in London . Following the team 's success in the sport , Sports Minister Bolaji Abdullahi was quoted as saying that additional money would be funneled to the sport to build on the country 's success in it

neg: List of people by number of countries visited This is a list of people by number of countries and territories visited .   There are a number of people claiming to have visited every country in the world , though there is great debate as to how many countries there are in the world . The most commonly agreed base number is the number of United Nations member states , of which there are 193 . According to the United Nations , `` The recognition of a new State or Government is an act that only other States and Governments may grant or withhold . '' As a result , the membership of some countries to the United Nations is blocked by one or more other members , such as Taiwan and Kosovo , and there are also two observer states , the Holy See and the State of Palestine . Additionally , there are various dependencies and territories that maintain autonomy , their own government , immigration , and/or print their own currency , and can be widely held as de facto countries by travellers . ISO 3166 is maintained by ISO as an updated list of the aforementioned derived from United Nations sources ( Terminology Bulletin Country Names and the Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use maintained by the United Nations Statistics Divisions ) , and lists 249 countries . The Travelers ' Century Club , whose membership is limited to those travellers who have visited one hundred or more territories of the world , maintains its own official list of countries and territories , a total of 325 as of 1 January 2016 , which includes geographically separated areas , such as Hawaii and other areas of cultural interest . This list of people by countries visited does not prescribe one list as correct ; rather , it lists the number of countries visited from any of these competing lists . The Best Travelled is also considered a reference for the 1281 world regions and well travelled people , and hold a verification process to check on traveller 's claims . Their UN Master List regroups all those travellers .

neg: Oko Town For the 2012 album by Swiss band 77 Bombay Street , see Oko Town ( album )   Oko ( Ana Oko ) is an Igbo speaking town in south eastern Nigeria . It is one of the 16 major towns that make up the geo-political area called Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra state . Oko has five villages commonly referred to as EBENESE , and forty-five wards known as Umunna . The names of the villages are Ezioko , Eziabor , Okeani , Ihengwu and Ifite . It has the geographical coordinates of 6 ° 3 ' 0 '' North , 7 ° 06 ' 0 '' East . Oko is regarded as a citadel of learning due to the early embrace of western educations and establishment of first Polytechnic in the old Anambra ( present Anambra , Enugu and part of Ebonyi ) State in the town . It is also widely recognized because of its erosion site which has baffled geologists for many years and records have it that it is supposedly deeper than the Grand Canyon . The importance of Oko in the old Aguata Local Government Area ( comprising Aguata , Orumba North and South ) can not be overemphasized when one notes that among the prominent sons of Aguata of colonial era inscribed on a marble wall within the Local Government secretariat , Oko has the highest number . These include the late Chiefs John Ifeakor , Ebenezer Otaluka ( Aharinta ) , and Jerry Nwosu . The inscription is still there to date . Chief Otaluka was reputed to be the first person to own and drive a private car in the whole of Aguata Division . He was also said to have built the `` first one story house '' in the Division . His one story house has glass windows . People from far and near came to see this mansion of those days . Today a road he pioneered is named after him in Oko and is called Ezi-Ahari .

neg: Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world .   The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south .   Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed .   The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .

neg: List of airports in Sudan This is a list of airports in Sudan , sorted by location .   Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , sometimes called North Sudan is an Arab state in North Africa . It is bordered by Egypt to the north , the Red Sea to the northeast , Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east , South Sudan to the south , the Central African Republic to the southwest , Chad to the west , and Libya to the northwest . The Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves . The capital city is Khartoum . The country is divided into 17 states .   __ TOC __

neg: North East (Nigeria) North East is one of the geopolitical zones of Nigeria , consisting of the following states :  Adamawa  Bauchi  Borno  Gombe  Taraba  Yobe   It occupies slightly less than one-third of Nigeria 's total area and had a projected population for 2011 of 23,558,674 or 13.5 % of the country 's population .

neg: Leadership (newspaper) Leadership is a daily national newspaper published by Leadership Newspaper Group , based in Abuja , Nigeria .  On its website , the paper asserts : `` We shall stand up for good governance . We shall defend the interests of the Nigerian state even against its leaders and we shall raise our pen at all times in defence of what is right . These are the values by which we intend to be assessed '' .   On 9 January 2007 a dozen State Security Service agents stormed the Leadership offices and arrested general manager Abraham Nda-Isaiah , editor Bashir Bello Akko and journalist Abdulazeez Sanni . The cause was an article written by journalist Danladi Ndayebo that discussed the political maneuvers in the ruling People 's Democratic Party ( PDP ) party that led to nomination of Umaru Musa Yar ` Adua as presidential candidate .  On 6 May 2008 a squad of armed , plain-clothed policemen from the Niger State Command raided the Leadership head office and arrested the deputy editor , Danladi Ndayebo , apparently without any warrant . According to the editor , Prince Charles Dickson , the cause was a feature article said to have defamed the character of Senator Isa Mohammed .   In December 2009 , the Nigerian Union of Journalists named Leadership `` Newspaper of the Year '' . The award was accepted by Abraham Nda-Isaiah , its Group Executive Director .  In a restructuring effective 1 January 2011 , Azubuike Ishiekwene was appointed the first managing director of LEADERSHIP Newspapers , while Abraham Nda-Isaiah became managing director of LEADERSHIP Holdings .  Ishiekwene had formerly been editor of The Punch , and then managing director of that newspaper .  In the April 2011 elections Golu Timothy , a former editor of the newspaper , was elected to the State House of Assembly in the Kanke Constituency of Plateau State . He ran on the PDP platform . Golu was reported to be seeking the position of Speaker in the Plateau House of Assembly .   On July 17 , 2013 , the Leadership reprinted the writer Shai Afsai 's photographs and first-person article `` Igbo Jews of Nigeria Strive to Study and Practice '' under the title `` Igbo-Jews Of Nigeria Study And Practise Judaism , '' citing the Leadership 's Igho Oyoyo as its author . After being threatened with legal action by the New English Review '' 's editor , the Leadership '' issued an apology for the plagiarism and a corrected byline , ten days later .

neg: Oyo State Ọyọ , usually referred to as Oyo State to distinguish it from the city of Oyo , is an inland state in south-western Nigeria , with its capital at Ibadan . It is bounded in the north by Kwara State , in the east by Osun State , in the south by Ogun State and in the west partly by Ogun State and partly by the Republic of Benin .

neg: Benin Empire The Benin Empire was a pre-colonial empire located in what is now southern Nigeria . Its capital was Edo , now known as Benin City , Edo . It should not be confused with the modern-day country called Benin , formerly called Dahomey . The Benin Empire was `` one of the oldest and most highly developed states in the coastal hinterland of West Africa , dating perhaps to the eleventh century CE '' , until it was annexed by the British Empire in 1897 .   The original people and founders of the Benin Empire , the Edo people , were initially ruled by the Ogiso ( Kings of the Sky ) dynasty who called their land Igodomigodo . The rulers or kings were commonly known as Ogiso . Igodo , the first Ogiso , wielded much influence and gained popularity as a good ruler . He died after a long reign and was succeeded by Ere , his eldest son . In the 12th century , a great palace intrigue and battle for power erupted between the warrior crown prince Ekaladerhan son of the last Ogiso and his young paternal uncle . In anger over an oracle , Prince Ekaladerhan left the royal court with his warriors . When his old father the Ogiso died , the Ogiso dynasty was ended as the people and royal kingmakers preferred their king 's son as natural next in line to rule .   The exiled Prince Ekaladerhan later became Izoduwa or Oduduwa the first Oni in uhe ( ile ife ) . Oranmiyan , grand son of Oduduwa took up his abode in the palace built for him at Usama by the elders ( now a coronation shrine ) . Soon after his arrival he married a beautiful lady , Erinmwinde , daughter of Osa-nego , was the ninth Enogie ( Duke ) of Ego , by whom he had a son . After some years residence here he called a meeting of the people and renounced his office , remarking that the country was a land of vexation , Ile-Ibinu ( by which name the country was afterward known ) and that only a child born , trained and educated in the arts and mysteries of the land could reign over the people . He caused his son born to him by Erinmwinde to be made King in his place , and returned to Yoruba land Ile-Ife . After some years in Ife , he left for Oyo , where he also left a son behind on leaving the place , and his son Ajaka ultimately became the first Alafin of Oyo of the present line , while Oranmiyan himself was reigning as Oni of Ife . Therefore , Oranmiyan of Ife , the father of Eweka I , the Oba of Benin , was also the father of Ajaka , the first Alafin of Oyo . Oni of Ife and Alafe of Oyo .   By the 15th century , Edo as a system of protected settlements expanded into a thriving city-state . In the 15th century , the twelfth Oba in line , Oba Ewuare the Great ( 1440 -- 1473 ) would expand the city-state to an empire .   It was not until the 15th century during the reign of Oba Ewuare the Great that the kingdom 's administrative centre , the city Ubinu , began to be known as Benin City by the Portuguese , and would later be adopted by the locals as well . Before then , due to the pronounced ethnic diversity at the kingdom 's headquarters during the 15th century from the successes of Oba Ewuare , the earlier name ( ` Ubinu ' ) by a tribe of the Edos was colloquially spoken as `` Bini '' by the mix of Itsekhiri , Esan , Ika , Ijaw Edo , Urhobo living together in the royal administrative centre of the kingdom . The Portuguese would write this down as Benin City . Though , farther Edo clans , such as the Itsekiris and the Urhobos still referred to the city as Ubini up till the late 19th century , as evidence implies .   Aside from Benin City , the system of rule of the Oba in his kingdom , even through the golden age of the kingdom , was still loosely based after the Ogiso dynasty , which was military and royal protection in exchange of use of resources and implementation of taxes paid to the royal administrative centre . Language and culture was not enforced but remained heterogeneous and localized according to each group within the kingdom , though a local `` Enogie '' ( duke ) was often appointed by the Oba for specified ethnic areas .

neg: List of country groupings This is a list of groupings of countries or of intergovernmental organisations , formal or informal , organisational or economic category .   African Union ( AU ) is a continental union consisting of all fifty-five countries on the African continent  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region  Arab League , a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia , Algeria , Bahrain , Comoros , Djibouti , Egypt , Iraq , Jordan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , Oman , Palestine , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Sudan , Syria , Tunisia , United Arab Emirates , Yemen , to draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries  ASEAN , The Association of Southeast Asian Nations , a regional organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states  BASIC countries , four large newly industrialized countries , Brazil , South Africa , India , China , to act jointly on climate change and emissions reduction  Benelux Union is a politico-economic union of three neighbouring states in western Europe : Belgium , the Netherlands , and Luxembourg .  BRIC , Brazil , Russia , India and China , which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development  BRICS , Brazil , Russia , India , China and South Africa , leading developing or newly industrialized countries , and are distinguished by their large , sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs  CIVETS , six emerging markets countries , Colombia , Indonesia , Vietnam , Egypt , Turkey and South Africa , a diverse and dynamic economy and a young , growing population  Commonwealth of Nations , fifty-two member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire  Development Assistance Committee ( DAC ) , to discuss issues surrounding aid , development and poverty reduction in developing countries , the world 's major donor countries , Australia , European Union , Iceland , New Zealand , South Korea , Austria , Finland , Ireland , Norway , Spain , Belgium , France , Italy , Poland , Sweden , Canada , Germany , Japan , Portugal , Switzerland , Czech Republic , Greece , Luxembourg , Slovakia , United Kingdom , Denmark , Hungary , Netherlands , Slovenia , United States  Economic Cooperation Organisation ( ECO ) , Afghanistan , Azerbaijan , Iran , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyz , Pakistan , Tajikistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , a political and economic organization , a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade and investment opportunities , the objective is to establish a single market for goods and services  EAEU , Eurasian Economic Union , an economic union of Belarus , Kazakhstan , Russia , Armenia , Kyrgyzstan  EU , The European Union , a political and economic union of twenty-eight member states that are located primarily in Europe  Four Asian Tigers , economies of Hong Kong , Singapore , South Korea , Taiwan , underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates , now developed into advanced and high-income economies  G4 nations , Brazil , Germany , India , and Japan , four countries which support each other 's bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council  Group of Eight ( G8 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , the United States , and Russia , the world 's major highly industrialized economies in countries that view themselves as democracies  G8 +5 , the G8 nations , plus the five leading emerging economies ( Brazil , China , India , Mexico , and South Africa )  G20 , or Group of Twenty , twenty major economies , Argentina , Australia , Brazil , Canada , China , European Union , France , Germany , India , Indonesia , Italy , Japan , South Korea , Mexico , Russia , Saudi Arabia , South Africa , Turkey , United Kingdom , United States , for studying , reviewing , and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability  Group of 7 ( G7 ) , Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States , the seven major advanced economies as reported by the International Monetary Fund  Group of 77 ( G77 ) , a loose coalition of developing nations , designed to promote its members ' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations  Gulf Cooperation Council , Bahrain , Kuwait , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and the UAE . A regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf , except for Iraq .  IBSA Dialogue Forum , India , Brazil , South Africa , an international tripartite grouping for promoting international cooperation among these countries  Mercosur ( Southern Common Market ) , Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , Venezuela , Bolivia , Chile , Peru , Colombia , Ecuador , Suriname , to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods , people , and currency  MIKTA , an informal partnership between Mexico , Indonesia , Republic of Korea , Turkey , Australia , to support effective global governance  MINT , the economies of Mexico , Indonesia , Nigeria , and Turkey  NACAr , Norway , Australia , Canada , Argentina , countries characterized by middle to high income per capita , a low population density and a concentration of exports in natural resources  North American Free Trade Agreement , NAFTA is an agreement signed by Canada , Mexico , and the United States , creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America  Next Eleven ( Nll ) , Bangladesh , Egypt , Indonesia , Iran , Mexico , Nigeria , Pakistan , the Philippines , Turkey , South Korea and Vietnam -- identified as having a high potential of becoming , along with the BRICS countries , among the world 's largest economies in the 21st century  OECD , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , to stimulate economic progress and world trade , countries committed to democracy and the market economy , most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index ( HDI ) and are regarded as developed countries  OPEC , Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries , thirteen countries accounting for an estimated 42 percent of global oil production and 73 percent of the world 's proven oil reserves  P5 , permanent members of the United Nations Security Council , China , France , Russia , the United Kingdom , the United States  PIGS , the economies of the countries of Portugal , Italy and or Ireland , Greece , and Spain  United Nations ( UN ) , an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation , 193 member states .  VISTA ( Vietnam , Indonesia , South Africa , Turkey , Argentina ) is an emerging markets grouping proposed in 2006 by BRICs Economic Research Institute of Japan .

neg: BRIC In economics , BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil , Russia , India and China , which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development . It is typically rendered as `` the BRICs '' or `` the BRIC countries '' or `` the BRIC economies '' or alternatively as the `` Big Four '' . A related acronym , BRICS , adds South Africa .  There are arguments that Indonesia should be included into grouping , effectively turning it into BRIIC or BRIICS .   Previously BRIC was coined by Jim O'Neill in 2001 as an acronym of 4 countries which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development , but in 2009 the leaders of BRIC countries made the first summit and in 2010 BRIC became a formal institution . South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping and on December 24 , 2010 South Africa was invited to join BRICS . The aim of BRIC is establishment of an equitable , democratic and multi polar world order , but later BRIC became a political organization , moreover after South Africa joined BRICS . Jim O'Neill , told the summit that South Africa , at a population of under 50 million people , was just too small as an economy to join the BRIC ranks .   But future of BRIC as an economy group is questionable . In 2012 , a book with title ` Breakout Nations ' mentioned that it is hard to sustain rapid growth for more than a decade . And in 2015 , only India can lure global investors , China struggles with its slow down , while Brazil and Russia are in heavy recessions .

neg: 2010 FIFA World Cup Group B Group B of the 2010 FIFA World Cup began on 12 June and ended on 22 June 2010 . The group consisted of Argentina , Nigeria , South Korea and Greece .   In the 1986 World Cup , Argentina and South Korea were in the same Group A ; Argentina won 3 -- 1 . In the 1994 World Cup , three of these teams ( Argentina , Nigeria , and Greece ) were in the same Group D along with Bulgaria . Nigeria , Argentina and Bulgaria qualified for the second round , where Nigeria and Argentina lost their next matches to Italy ( 2 -- 1 ) and Romania ( 3 -- 2 ) , respectively , with Bulgaria reaching the semi-finals . In the 2002 World Cup , Argentina and Nigeria were both drawn into Group F ; Argentina won 1 -- 0 , a result that was repeated in 2010 .   As group winners , Argentina advanced to face Mexico , the Group A runners-up , while South Korea , who finished as group runners-up , faced Uruguay , who won Group A.

neg: Constitution of the United Arab Emirates The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates provides a legal and political framework for the operation of the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) as a federation of seven emirates . The Constitution came into effect on 2 December 1971 and was permanently accepted in May 1996 . Authored by Adi Bitar , a forming judge and legal advisor , the Constitution is written in 10 parts and has 152 Articles . The United Arab Emirates celebrates the formation of the Union ( and acceptance of the federal constitution ) as National Day .   The Historically independent kingdoms , the modern emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates and the modern kingdoms of Qatar and Bahrain entered into a treaty with the United Kingdom in 1853 and agreed to a `` perpetual maritime truce '' with the UK ; the kingdoms were collectively referred to as the Trucial States or as Trucial Oman . Disputes between the states were often arbitrated by the United Kingdom . In the late 1960s , the Trucial States Council was formed by the emirates , Qatar and Bahrain . The United Kingdom in 1968 announced its decision to end the treaty relationships with the kingdoms . The nine kingdoms attempted to form a union of Arab Emirates , but were unable to agree upon the terms of the union . While Bahrain and Qatar became independent countries , the other seven emirates attempted to form a temporary , federal union in 1971 .   In 1971 , the Constitution , authored by Judge Valintine , was established as a temporary legal and political framework . Article 9 of the Constitution states that the Capital shall be a new town on the border of Dubai and Abu Dhabi , to be completed within seven years and to be called `` Al Karama '' ; however , a provision in the same article provided for Abu Dhabi to be the `` temporary '' capital of the Union and for Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , ruler of Abu Dhabi , to be the President of the United Arab Emirates .   In 1979 , a draft `` permanent '' constitution was prepared which allowed for the creation of a unified military and judicial system . Initially , the emirate of Dubai was strongly opposed to the unification of the military forces and , along with Ras al Khaimah , refused to attend Supreme Council meetings of the union . Mediations by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as well as by other UAE rulers reduced differences between Shiekh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum , ruler of Dubai and Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , ruler of Abu Dhabi .   In 1994 , Abu Dhabi was made the permanent capital of the UAE , and in May 1996 , six years after Rashid bin Saeed al Maktoum 's death , Dubai agreed to a permanent constitution , and one that would unify the armed forces of the UAE . However , Dubai , like Ras al Khaimah , maintains its own judicial courts , which are not subject to governance from the Supreme Court of the UAE .

neg: India–Nigeria relations The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties .   Oil-rich Nigeria stated recently that India has replaced the United States as its largest crude importer 20 -25 percent of India 's domestic oil demand.India , however , now purchases some 30 % of Nigeria 's daily crude production which currently hovers around 2.5 million barrels With bilateral oil trade valued at US$ 10 billion , Indian oil companies are also involved in oil drilling operations in Nigeria and have plans to set up refineries there .

neg: Juba Conference (1947) The Juba Conference was a June 1947 meeting attended by British and Sudanese delegates in the city of Juba , then regional capital of Equatoria Province in South Sudan ( and today the national capital of South Sudan ) .   Britain organised the conference to combine northern and southern Sudan into one political entity . Until then , the two sectors were essentially treated by the British as two separate colonies because of ethnic , religious and cultural differences . Northern Sudan was heavily Arabized and had a fairly well-structured political and economic infrastructure . Northerners practiced Islam and were relatively well-educated . Southern Sudan was mainly composed of various Nilotic tribes who practiced a mixture of Christian and traditional beliefs . Economically , it did not possess the organization of northern Sudan .   The Juba Conference agreed that northern and southern Sudan would constitute one state and that a Legislative Assembly would represent the entire colony . However , southern Sudanese representatives had several reservations about the resolutions , largely because they were in an inferior position in regards to their region 's lack of educational and political experience .   Their apprehension was realised when 800 administrative posts were vacated by the British in preparation for Sudanese `` self-rule '' ; only four of the government posts went to Southerners . In discussions to determine the future of the modern state of Sudan , the southern provinces were largely excluded from the political process .   This disparity lead to the First and Second Sudanese Civil Wars , eventually resulting , in 2011 , in the Southern provinces becoming an independent state , the Republic of South Sudan .


query: Sylvester Stallone's third name is Gardenzio.

pos: Sylvester Stallone Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone ( -LSB- stəˈloʊn -RSB- -LSB- stalˈloːne -RSB- ; born July 6 , 1946 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , and screenwriter . He is well known for his Hollywood action roles , including boxer Rocky Balboa , the title character of the Rocky series ' seven films from 1976 to 2015 ; soldier John Rambo from the four Rambo films , released between 1982 and 2008 ; and Barney Ross in the three The Expendables films from 2010 to 2014 . He wrote or co-wrote most of the 14 films in all three franchises , and directed many of the films .   Stallone 's film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry as well as having its film props placed in the Smithsonian Museum . Stallone 's use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps . Philadelphia has a statue of his Rocky character placed permanently near the museum . It was announced on December 7 , 2010 that Stallone was voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the non-participant category .   In 1977 , Stallone was nominated for two Academy Awards for Rocky , Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor . He became the third man in history to receive these two nominations for the same film , after Charles Chaplin and Orson Welles . He received critical raves , as well as his first Golden Globe Award win and third Academy Award nomination , for reprising the role of Rocky Balboa in Ryan Coogler 's 2015 film Creed .

neg: Gladiators of Rome (2012 film) Gladiators of Rome ( Italian : Gladiatori di Roma ) , also known as Not Born to Be Gladiators and referred to in marketing as Gladiators of Rome 3D , is a 2012 Italian computer-animated comedy film produced by Rainbow CGI and released by Medusa Film . It is directed by Iginio Straffi , and was opened in Italy on October 2012 and was later released across Europe and the Americas . Produced on a budget of $ 45 million , it is one of the most expensive Italian films ever made . The film grossed between $ 10 million and $ 50 million worldwide .

neg: Anzio Anzio -LSB- ˈantsjo -RSB- is a city and comune on the coast of the Lazio region of Italy , about 51 km south of Rome .   Well known for its seaside harbour setting , it is a fishing port and a departure point for ferries and hydroplanes to the Pontine Islands of Ponza , Palmarola and Ventotene . The city bears great historical significance as the site of Operation Shingle , a crucial landing by the Allies during the Italian Campaign of World War II .

neg: They Call Me Trinity They Call Me Trinity ( Lo chiamavano Trinità ... ) is a 1970 Italian Spaghetti Western comedy film directed by Enzo Barboni and starring Terence Hill and Bud Spencer .

neg: Sylvester matrix In mathematics , a Sylvester matrix is a matrix associated to two univariate polynomials with coefficients in a field or a commutative ring . The entries of the Sylvester matrix of two polynomials are coefficients of the polynomials . The determinant of the Sylvester matrix of two polynomials is their resultant , which is zero when the two polynomials have a common root ( in case of coefficients in a field ) or a non-constant common divisor ( in case of coefficients in an integral domain ) .   Sylvester matrices are named after James Joseph Sylvester .

neg: Monte Mario Monte Mario is the highest ( 139 m ) hill in Rome , Italy . It lies around the northwest side of the city .   The hill was known as Mons Vaticanus or Clivus Cinnae during the ancient Roman period . The current name , according to some theories , comes from Mario Mellini , a cardinal who owned a villa and several hamlets around the hill in the 15th century . However , the hill was known as Monte Malo ( `` Bad Mountain '' ) in the Middle Ages due to the murder here of patrician Giovanni Crescenzio ( 998 ) , whence , it is presumed , the modern name .   The eastern part of the hill is a nature reserve , and on the west side lies the now upmarket district of the same name . Atop one hill is the church and convent of Santa Maria Rosario . On the hilltop , now occupying the site of the 15th century Villa Mellini , is the Monte Mario Observatory , part of the Rome Observatory , and the Museo Astronomico Copernicano . This location ( 12 ° 27 ' 8.4 `` E ) was used as the prime meridian ( rather than Greenwich ) for maps of Italy until the 1960s . The side of the hill was the former site of the Villa Pigneto built by Pietro da Cortona . The ruins of the structure were razed in the 19th century .   The John Felice Rome Center , one of the four campuses of Loyola University Chicago , is located on the hill on Via Massimi .   Although it is the highest hill in the modern city of Rome , Monte Mario is not one of the proverbial Seven Hills of Rome , being outside the boundaries of the ancient city .

neg: Boscolo Exedra Roma The Boscolo Exedra Roma is a 5-star luxury hotel in Piazza della Repubblica , Rome .   The hotel is part of the Italian Boscolo Hotels chain and has since 2013 been a member of the Autograph Collection by Marriott .   On June 19 , 2013 actor James Gandolfini died of a heart attack in the hotel .

neg: Totò Prince Antonio Griffo Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno Porfirogenito Gagliardi De Curtis di Bisanzio ( 15 February 1898 -- 15 April 1967 ) , best known by his stage name Totò ( -LSB- toˈtɔ -RSB- ) born simply as Antonio De Curtis , and nicknamed il Principe della risata ( `` the Prince of laughter '' ) , was an Italian comedian , film and theatre actor , writer , singer and songwriter .   While he first gained his popularity as a comic actor , his dramatic roles , poetry , and songs are all deemed to be outstanding ; his style and a number of his recurring jokes and gestures have become universally known memes in Italy . Writer and philosopher Umberto Eco has thus commented on the importance of Totò in Italian culture :   Mario Monicelli , who directed some of the most appreciated of Totò 's movies , thus described his artistic value :

neg: Sylvester Z. Poli Sylvester Zefferino Poli ( December 31 , 1858 -- May 31 , 1937 ) was an Italian migrant to the USA who became a theatre magnate during the late 1800s and early decades of the 20th century . By 1916 he controlled 30 individual theatres , probably more than anyone else in the world at that time , establishing himself throughout the Northeastern United States . Starting with a career in wax sculpting , he quickly moved on to dime museums , curios , variety shows , and ultimately vaudeville theatres and movie palaces .

neg: Johnny Stecchino Johnny Stecchino is an Italian comedy film starring Roberto Benigni as the protagonist and director . This film is one of Benigni 's many collaborations with co-star and wife , Nicoletta Braschi . During its release in 1991 , it was the highest-grossing film in Italy .   This film follows the life of Dante , a quirky school bus driver ( Benigni ) for students with Down syndrome , who bears a striking resemblance to Johnny Stecchino , an Italian mafioso who is wanted by Sicilian mobsters for treason and murder . The film 's plot begins to unravel when Dante meets Maria , the wife of Stecchino , who begins her plan into tricking mobsters to kill Dante thinking he is Stecchino . The film takes several unexpected twists when Maria begins to fall for Dante , and it becomes clear that Dante can not possibly be the cold blooded killer , Johnny Stecchino .   The U.S. version released in theaters and on VHS is about 20 minutes shorter that the full Italian version . It trims several conversations including the final scene with Lillo sniffing cocaine .

neg: Joseph Paruta Joseph Paruta , also known as `` Old Man '' and `` Sammy Gravano 's Personal Luca Brasi '' ( December 3 , 1929-October 1986 Brooklyn , New York ) was a mobster in the Gambino crime family and considered a `` key member '' of Sammy Gravano 's Bensonhurst , Brooklyn crew . He is the only known mobster who asked for a mercy killing after becoming terminally ill with lung cancer . The proposition was agreed upon but Paruta died before the mercy killing was performed .

neg: The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role .   Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' .   When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' :   The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .

neg: The Garden (Take That song) `` The Garden '' is the third single from British group Take That 's fifth studio album , The Circus .

neg: Silvani Silvani is a surname of Italian origin . There are approximately 1516 people with the surname in Italy , the largest number in Emilia Romagna , in Bagno di Romagna , Sarsina , Bologna , and Pieve Santo Stefano , near Arezzo , Tuscany . A considerable number is found in Milan . There are approximately 300 Silvani in France , 350 in USA and 24 in the UK . The surname derives from SILVA , FOREST , and could have been used by the Romans to refer to their slaves that had Transylvanian origin ( Romania/Hungary )  The name refers to :  Al Silvani ( 1910 -- 1996 ) , American boxing trainer , actor , and stunt man  Aldo Silvani ( 1891 -- 1964 ) , Italian film actor  Gherardo Silvani ( 1579 -- 1675 ) , Florentine architect and sculptor of the Baroque era who built Villa di Uligliano also in Tuscany ,  Pier Francesco Silvani ( 1620 -- 1685 ) , Florentine architect of the Baroque era  Walter Silvani ( 11 May 1971 ) Argentinian Football Player   Fictional characters  Marco Silvani , character on Australian soap opera Neighbours   Signorina Silvani and accountant Ugo Fantozzi , a fictional character  Written by Paolo Villaggio for the Italian Television

neg: Il coltello di ghiaccio Il coltello di ghiaccio is a 1972 giallo film directed by Umberto Lenzi . The film stars Carroll Baker , Evelyn Stewart and George Rigaud . Both Baker and Stewart featured in several other films helmed by Lenzi .   Elements of the film 's script and direction have been cited as being reminiscent of works by fellow Italian Lucio Fulci . Allrovi 's Robert Firsching has noted that Il coltello di ghiaccio `` should prove fascinating to genre devotees '' .

neg: Rocky III Rocky III is a 1982 American sports drama film written , directed by , and starring Sylvester Stallone . It is the third installment in the Rocky film series , and the second in the franchise to be directed by Stallone .   The movie features returning co-stars Carl Weathers , Burgess Meredith , Talia Shire and Burt Young . Rocky III also marks the film debuts of Mr. T as James `` Clubber '' Lang , and of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan as the supporting character `` Thunderlips '' .   Rocky III is the first installment in the series to be distributed by MGM/UA rather than United Artists alone . In 1980 , United Artists , who owned the rights to the Rocky films , made Heaven 's Gate , a film which cost $ 44 million and made only $ 3 million . In response , United Artists ' owner , Transamerica , sold United Artists to MGM , forming MGM/UA in 1981 .   The film 's main theme , `` Eye of the Tiger '' , was written by the group Survivor and became a smash hit single , topping the U.S. Billboard charts and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song .

neg: Sex Pot (1975 film) Sex Pot ( La pupa del gangster ) is a 1975 Italian comedy film directed by Giorgio Capitani .

neg: Afzal Khan (actor) Afzal Khan ( Urdu : افضل خان ) better known as John Rambo ( Urdu : جان ريمبو ) is a Pakistani actor and comedian . He rose to fame by playing a janitor nicknamed John Rambo on PTV 's famous comedy show Guest House ( 1991 ) . He later assumed John Rambo as his unofficial screen name taken from the Sylvester Stallone character John Rambo . People on the TV stage set , had nicknamed him ` John Rambo ' due to his striking resemblance to the Hollywood actor .

neg: Miami cannibal attack On May 26 , 2012 , a naked male assailant named Rudy Eugene attacked and gruesomely maimed homeless man Ronald Poppo underneath a tram bridge crossing the MacArthur Causeway in Miami , Florida , making headlines across the world . During the 18-minute filmed encounter Eugene erroneously and erratically accused Poppo of stealing his Bible , then beat him unconscious , removed Poppo 's pants , and bit and chewed the flesh off most of his face above the beard , including his left eye . This rendered Poppo permanently blind in both eyes and grossly disfigured his face . Due to the incident 's bizarrely grotesque nature and subsequent worldwide media coverage , Eugene came to be dubbed the `` Miami Zombie '' and the `` Causeway Cannibal '' . The attack ended when Eugene was fatally shot by a Miami PD officer after failing to respond to commands instructing him to stop , and reportedly even snarled at police .   Although friends and family interviewed immediately afterward filled in details of Eugene 's life , the reason for the attack remains unclear due to Eugene 's death . Eugene , 31 , was employed at a car wash at the time and was a divorced former high school football player with a series of petty criminal arrests from age 16 until most recently in 2009 . Poppo , 65 , a graduate of Manhattan 's prestigious Stuyvesant High School , was homeless and had long been presumed dead by his estranged family . While police sources speculated that the use of a legal recreational synthetic stimulant party drug such as `` bath salts '' ( which have a notorious reputation for the psychotic effects of the drug on some individuals ) might have been a contributing factor , experts expressed doubt about this hypothesis , since toxicology reports were only able to identify cannabis/marijuana in Eugene 's system , leaving the ultimate cause of his behavior unknown .

neg: Anthony Martin Sinatra Anthony Martin Sinatra ( born Saverio Antonino Martino Sinatra , ; May 4 , 1892 -- January 24 , 1969 ) was an Italian-American Hoboken city fireman , professional boxer , bar owner , and father of singer and actor Frank Sinatra .

neg: Carlo Mazzone-Clementi Carlo Mazzone-Clementi ( 12 December 1920 -- 5 November 2000 ) was a performer and founder of two schools of commedia , mime and physical theater as well as a contemporary and colleague of leaders of modern European theater . From his arrival in the USA in 1957 , he was largely responsible for the spreading of commedia dell ` arte in North America .   He first gained attention in Italy in 1947 alongside Marcel Marceau in the mime 's first tour outside of Paris . From 1948 to 1951 , he assisted Jacques Lecoq , while Lecoq taught and directed the Players of Padua University . In 1954 , Mazzone-Clementi was at Piccolo Teatro di Milano with Dario Fo and Franca Rame .   While he was performing with Piccolo Teatro as well as teaching in Rome , the American theatre scholar and director Eric Bentley came to Italy to direct the Padua Players company in the first Italian production of Bertolt Brecht . Then , with Bentley 's patronage , Mazzone-Clementi toured the United States in 1958 , conducting workshops in mime and commedia , and introducing the leather masks of Amleto Sartori to this country . That led to a teaching assignment at the Carnegie Institute of Technology , followed by Brandeis University , the University of California at Berkeley , the American Conservatory Theater and others . He was known as Carlo Mazzone until 1965 when he worked with the new acting ensemble at the Theatre of Lincoln Center . From then on he was known as Carlo Mazzone-Clementi . Clementi was the name of his mother and his grandfather , Girolamo Clementi , who was versed in the work of Paduan playwright and forerunner of commedia dell ` arte , Angelo Beolco , known as `` Ruzzante . ''   In 1972 , Mazzone-Clementi and his wife Jane Hill , a graduate of Carnegie-Mellon , went to Humboldt County , California to conduct summer workshops at their rural property . From this experience came the decision to re-locate permanently in Humboldt and to establish a full-time actor training program . In 1974 , the couple purchased the Oddfellows Hall in Blue Lake , California and co-founded the Dell ' Arte School of Mime and Comedy , now known as the Dell ` Arte International School of Physical Theatre . Hill also joined the faculty at College of the Redwoods , where the pair created the Grand Comedy Festival at Qual-a-wa-loo , a summer repertory festival that produced plays of Shakespeare in rotation with musical adaptations of those plays ; Mazzone-Clementi served as the festival 's artistic director for six years . In 1974 their article , `` Commedia and the Actor '' was published in The Drama Review TDR ( journal ) .   Mazzone-Clementi moved to Copenhagen , Denmark in 1984 and founded a second sister theater school there , named the Commedia School . In 1994 returned to California and continued teaching until shortly before his death on 5 November 2000 in San Francisco .


query: Led Zeppelin II was released in the United Kingdom on Monday October 31, 1969.

pos: Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin II is the eponymous second studio album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin , released on 22 October 1969 in the United States and on 31 October 1969 in the United Kingdom by Atlantic Records . Recording sessions for the album took place at several locations in both the United Kingdom and North America from January to August 1969 . The album 's production was credited to the band 's lead guitarist and songwriter Jimmy Page , and it also served as Led Zeppelin 's first album to utilise the recording techniques of the engineer Eddie Kramer . Incorporating several elements of blues and folk music , Led Zeppelin II exhibited the band 's evolving musical style of blues-derived material and their guitar riff-based sound . It has been described as the band 's heaviest album .   Led Zeppelin II was a commercial success , and was the band 's first album to reach number one on charts in the UK and the US . In 1970 , the album 's cover designer David Juniper was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Recording Package . On 15 November 1999 , the album was certified 12 × Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for sales passing 12 million copies . Since its release , various writers and music critics have regularly cited Led Zeppelin II as one of the greatest and most influential rock albums of all time .

neg: Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists .   Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack .   The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .

neg: In Search of Space In Search of Space is the second studio album from Hawkwind , released in 1971 . It reached No. 18 on the UK album charts .

neg: Behind Blue Eyes `` Behind Blue Eyes '' is a song by the English rock band The Who . It was released in October 1971 as the second single from their fifth album Who 's Next and was originally written by Pete Townshend for his Lifehouse project . The song is one of The Who 's best-known recordings and has been covered by many artists .

neg: The New Age of Atlantic The New Age of Atlantic , released in 1972 , was the third in a series of rock music samplers released by the Atlantic label in the UK . The collection is notable for its inclusion of two tracks , those by Yes and Led Zeppelin , unavailable in the UK at the time . It reached no. 25 on the UK album charts in 1972 .

neg: Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed .   It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . '   The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger .   The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com .   The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''

neg: Jimi Hendrix (film) Jimi Hendrix is a 1973 rockumentary about Jimi Hendrix , directed and produced by Joe Boyd , John Head and Gary Weis . The film contains concert footage from 1967 to 1970 , including the Monterey Pop Festival the 1970 Isle of Wight Festival , Woodstock and a Berkeley concert . The film also includes interviews with Hendrix ' contemporaries , family and friends . People appearing in the film include Paul Caruso , Eric Clapton , Billy Cox , Alan Douglas , Germaine Greer , Hendrix ' father , James A. `` Al '' Hendrix , Mick Jagger , Eddie Kramer , Buddy Miles , Mitch Mitchell , Juggy Murray , Little Richard , Lou Reed and Pete Townshend .   The film is also known as A Film About Jimi Hendrix . The title was used on the 2005 DVD-cover and theatrical poster .

neg: Bron-Yr-Aur (instrumental) `` Bron-Yr-Aur '' ( -LSB- brɔn.ər.aɪr -RSB- ) is an acoustic guitar instrumental by English rock band Led Zeppelin . It is their second song to reference Bron-Yr-Aur , a rural retreat in Wales where Jimmy Page and Robert Plant wrote much of Led Zeppelin III . At two minutes and six seconds in duration , is the group 's shortest studio recording .   Bron-Yr-Aur was a holiday cottage used by Plant 's parents near the village of Furnace in North Ceredigion , Wales . Page and Plant spent time there after their Spring 1970 North American Tour , preparing for a follow-up album to Led Zeppelin II . The instrumental is a reflective and relaxed piece , and one of the last acoustic tunes released by the band . Page uses an open C6 tuning , played on a 1971 Martin D-28 . `` Poor Tom '' and `` Friends '' also use this tuning .   As a solo piece , Page receives the sole writer 's credit . Writer Mick Wall notes in his biography When Giants Walked the Earth that it was recorded during `` the original June 1970 Basing Street -LSB- Island Records Basing Street Studios -RSB- sessions for the third album . '' However , it does not appear on Led Zeppelin III , although the album includes a country music-inspired song with Plant 's vocal titled `` Bron-Y-Aur Stomp '' . When preparing their sixth album , Physical Graffiti , in 1975 , several songs recorded during sessions for earlier albums were chosen ; `` Bron-Yr-Aur '' was the oldest of the recordings to be selected .

neg: Led Zeppelin Japanese Tour 1971 Led Zeppelin 's 1971 Japanese Tour was the first concert tour of Japan by the English rock band . The tour commenced on 23 September and concluded on 29 September 1971 . It was one of the first tours of Japan by a western rock band .   One of the concerts from this short tour , at Hiroshima on 27 September , was organised as a benefit show . As an expression of thanks , the city of Hiroshima presented the band with a letter of appreciation and the city medal by the local mayor .   During this tour , singer Robert Plant allegedly punched drummer John Bonham before one of the shows . This was not the only turbulent incident which occurred during the tour . As manager Peter Grant explained :   The concerts were recorded at the insistence of the Japanese Warner Pioneer label , which was owned by the band 's record company Atlantic Records . However , upon hearing the recordings guitarist Jimmy Page found the audio quality to be so inferior that he decided to wipe over the tapes and use them again .

neg: Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1975 Led Zeppelin 's 1975 North American Tour was the tenth concert tour of North America by the English rock band . The tour was divided into two legs , with performances commencing on 18 January and concluding on 27 March 1975 . It was preceded with two European warm-up shows , performed at Rotterdam and Brussels respectively .

neg: Phantasmagoria in Two `` Phantasmagoria in Two '' is a song that was composed by Tim Buckley , as opposed to the Larry Beckett/Tim Buckley collaboration that was more commonly credited during Buckley 's earlier years , and released ( with Once I Was ) as the third and final single from his second studio album , Goodbye and Hello . The song - which is dominated by hauntingly psychedelic intertwining guitar and piano sequences - is lyrically much like the majority of the other Buckley solo compositions of the time ( such as Pleasant Street , Once I Was and Wings ) , with less of a specifically metaphoric and more of a purely ambiguous approach to the topic in question . However , despite these lyrical similarities , musically , it is perhaps the most deeply psychedelic of Buckley 's published recordings .   Indeed , when recorded in June 1967 , it was the height of the psychedelic era and yet despite being very much of its time , the single failed to reach anything like a significant chart position .   A slower , live version of the song was performed during his 1968 concert at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London , England , released in 1990 as Dream Letter : Live in London 1968 . This performance was also included on the 2001 compilation album Morning Glory : The Tim Buckley Anthology .

neg: A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group .   The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .

neg: The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ( often shortened to Ziggy Stardust ) is the fifth studio album by English musician David Bowie , released on 16 June 1972 . It is a concept album telling the story of a fictional rock star named Ziggy Stardust . It peaked at No. 5 in the United Kingdom on the UK Albums Chart and No. 75 in the United States on the Billboard 200 , then improved to a No. 21 position in the wake of Bowie 's death .   The album tells the story of Bowie 's alter ego Ziggy Stardust , a rock star who acts as a messenger for extraterrestrial beings . Bowie created Ziggy Stardust while in New York City promoting Hunky Dory and performed as him on a tour of the United Kingdom , Japan and North America . The album , and the character of Ziggy Stardust , was known for its glam rock influences and themes of sexual exploration and social commentary . These factors , coupled with the ambiguity surrounding Bowie 's sexuality and fuelled by a ground-breaking performance of `` Starman '' on Top of the Pops , led to the album being met with controversy and since hailed as a seminal work .   The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders From Mars has received critical acclaim and has been consistently considered one of the greatest albums of all time , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it the 35th greatest ever . It was ranked the 20th greatest album ever in a 1997 British survey , the 41st greatest of all time by Q magazine and one of the 100 greatest releases ever by Time magazine . In 2017 , the album was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or artistically significant '' by the Library of Congress .   A concert film of the same name , directed by D. A. Pennebaker , was recorded in 1973 and released a decade later in 1983 .

neg: Classic Albums Live Classic Albums Live is a concert series based in Toronto , Ontario , in which musicians perform a classic rock album in its entirety . The series was founded in 2003 by Craig Martin , a musician who had previously produced a series of boutique cabaret shows as well as composed music for television and film .   The musicians go to great lengths to faithfully recreate every sound on the original album . They have performed with orchestras , sitarists , choirs and schools . The shows are treated like recitals with the album being performed in its entirety followed by a ` greatest hits ' set of the featured artist .   Albums that have been performed include Led Zeppelin 's Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II and Led Zeppelin IV , Bruce Springsteen 's Born to Run , Supertramp 's Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America , the Rolling Stones ' Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main St. , Fleetwood Mac 's Rumours , Eagles ' Hotel California , Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction , Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon , Wish You Were Here , The Wall and Animals , Queen 's A Night at the Opera , and the Beatles albums Rubber Soul , Revolver , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band , The Beatles ( AKA the `` White Album '' ) , and Abbey Road .   In recent years , the series has presented concerts in a variety of cities , including Orlando , Florida , Los Angeles , Philadelphia , Akron , La Mirada , Jacksonville , Gainesville , Lakeland , Coral Springs , New York , New Jersey , Dallas , Houston , Uncasville , Connecticut , Las Vegas , Nevada , and Rochester , New York . On December 17 , 2006 , Classic Albums Live performed the entire 213-song Beatles song catalogue in one 13-hour concert at the Phoenix Concert Theatre in Toronto .   A different lineup performs each album . There is a group of core musicians who are frequently part of the performances , including Nick Hildyard , Rob Phillips , Lindsay Clark , Leslea Keurvorst , Troy Feener , Clifton David , Dom Polito and Marty Morin . Occasionally , more famous Canadian musicians are brought in as well , including Mia Sheard , Kim Bingham , Nicholas Walsh , and ex-members of Moist . In some venues , they will bring in local musicians to fill needed spots . For example , on June 16 , 2006 , the group performed the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper album at the Hard Rock Live in Orlando ; they brought in the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra to fill in on the orchestral parts .   When performing in Toronto , they usually play at Massey Hall . The producer of Classic Albums Live has created a musical called Gig which will run in 2016 .   List of albums performed :   The Beatles ' catalogue  Led Zeppelin  Led Zeppelin II  Led Zeppelin IV  Houses of the Holy  Physical Graffiti  In Through the Out Door  Meddle  The Dark Side of the Moon  Animals  Wish You Were Here  The Wall  A Night at the Opera  Who 's Next  Are You Experienced  Boston  Crime of the Century  Breakfast in America  The Last Waltz  Rust Never Sleeps  Harvest  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars  OK Computer  Ten  Nevermind  Regatta de Blanc  Outlandos d'Amour  The Joshua Tree  London Calling  Band on the Run  Texas Flood  Let It Bleed  Sticky Fingers  Some Girls  Exile on Main St.  Appetite for Destruction  Highway to Hell  Back in Black  Born to Run  Hotel California  Rumours  The Doors  L.A. Woman  Legend  Pearl  Paranoid  Van Halen  Thriller  Purple Rain  Nothing 's Shocking  Woodstock  2112  Saturday Night Fever  A Very Lennon Christmas  Elton John Greatest Hits

neg: Volume Two (The Soft Machine album) Volume Two is the second LP album by The Soft Machine , released in 1969 . A jazz influence is added to the humour , dadaism , and psychedelia of their first LP The Soft Machine ( 1968 ) .

neg: The 1975 (album) The 1975 is the self-titled debut album by English rock band The 1975 . It was released on 2 September 2013 through Dirty Hit and Polydor . It was recorded with Arctic Monkeys collaborator Mike Crossey .   Before the release , the band released four EPs between Autumn 2012 to Spring 2013 , during which span of time the album was recorded . They toured to support and build momentum , taking place in numerous gigs and special appearances with other artists .   The album has received positive reviews from critics , and topped the UK Albums Chart on 8 September . As of March 2016 , it has sold 410,981 copies in the UK , and 390,000 copies in the US .

neg: The Complete Studio Recordings (Led Zeppelin album) The Complete Studio Recordings is a ten compact disc box set by the English rock group Led Zeppelin , released by Atlantic Records on 24 September 1993 . It contains all nine of the original Led Zeppelin studio albums digitally remastered , and an expanded version of Coda . The albums are placed in chronological order with the exception of Presence which appears between Houses of the Holy and Physical Graffiti . The intention was to have the latter in one two-disc-sleeve .   The set 's version of Coda included some of the previously unreleased tracks that had surfaced on the box set series : `` Baby Come On Home '' , `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' , `` White Summer/Black Mountain Side '' , and `` Hey , Hey , What Can I Do '' . In 2007 , when the Led Zeppelin catalog was released to digital stores , the expanded track list for Coda was used , but omitted `` Travelling Riverside Blues '' because of its inclusion with BBC Sessions .   The set also includes a booklet featuring an extended essay by rock journalist Cameron Crowe and photos of the band .   The album cover depicts the inside structure of a zeppelin .   This title has been discontinued just prior to the launch of Mothership , and is now superseded by the Definitive Collection Mini LP Replica CD Boxset , which was released in September 2008 .

neg: Focus 3 Focus 3 or Focus III is the third studio album from the Dutch rock band Focus , released as a double album in November 1972 on Imperial Records in the Netherlands , Polydor Records in the UK , and Sire Records in the US . Recorded after touring in supporting their previous album , Focus II ( 1971 ) , the album saw the band write extended pieces and is their first with bassist Bert Ruiter in the group 's line-up .   Focus 3 received a positive reception upon its release . It went to No. 1 in the Netherlands for one week and reached No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 35 on the US Billboard 200 . `` Sylvia '' was released as the album 's sole single , which reached No. 4 in the UK and No. 89 in the US . The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling in excess of 500,000 copies .

neg: The Beatles' Christmas records The Beatles ' Christmas records were spoken and musical messages from English rock group The Beatles that were posted out on flexi disc at Christmas time to members of their official fan-clubs in the United Kingdom and the United States . One such record was issued each year from 1963 to 1969 and an LP compilation of all seven in 1970 .   Conceived as a means to appease fan-club members whose letters , due to their sheer volume , were not always being answered in a timely manner , the records included the Beatles ' messages of thanks to `` loyal Beatle people '' , along with skits , Christmas carols , and original compositions .   None of the original recordings has ever been subject to general release , though a version of `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' , an original composition which appeared in edited form on the 1967 record , eventually gained an official release in 1995 , as part of The Beatles Anthology project .

neg: Deep Purple in Concert Deep Purple in Concert is a live album by the English hard rock band Deep Purple , recorded by the BBC for their `` In Concert '' live series in 1970 and 1972 . First released in 1980 in the UK , with the current US edition being made available in 2001 .

neg: August October `` August October '' is a song written and performed by English singer-songwriter Robin Gibb , the second and the last song released from the album Robin 's Reign . It reached # 45 in the UK in three weeks . It was also charted in other countries like Germany ( # 12 ) , New Zealand ( # 11 ) and in Denmark ( # 3 ) . It was backed by `` Give Me a Smile '' , a song also appeared on his debut album . It was released as a single in February 1970 , same month on which the album was released . It was later covered by Elton John .