query: The University of Oxford operates the largest university press in the world.

pos: University of Oxford The University of Oxford ( informally Oxford University or simply Oxford ) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford , England . It has no known date of foundation , but there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096 , making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world 's second-oldest university in continuous operation . It is one of the world 's most prestigious universities . It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris . After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209 , some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge . The two `` ancient universities '' are frequently jointly referred to as `` Oxbridge '' .   The university is made up of a variety of institutions , including 38 constituent colleges and a full range of academic departments which are organised into four divisions . All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university , each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities . Being a city university , it does not have a main campus ; instead , its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city centre . Most undergraduate teaching at Oxford is organised around weekly tutorials at the colleges and halls , supported by classes , lectures and laboratory work provided by university faculties and departments .   Oxford is the home of the Rhodes Scholarship , one of the world 's oldest and most prestigious scholarships , which has brought graduate students to study at the university for more than a century . The university operates the world 's oldest university museum , as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system in Britain . Oxford has educated many notable alumni , including 28 Nobel laureates , 27 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom , and many heads of state and government around the world .

neg: Oxbridge Oxbridge is a portmanteau ( composite word ) of `` Oxford '' and `` Cambridge '' , both elite universities in the United Kingdom . The term is used to refer to them collectively , both in contrast to other British universities and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of University of Oxford and University of Cambridge , often with implications of superior social or intellectual status .

neg: Buildings of Jesus College, Oxford The main buildings of Jesus College , one of the colleges of the University of Oxford , are located in the centre of the city of Oxford , England , between Turl Street , Ship Street , Cornmarket Street , and Market Street . Jesus College was founded in 1571 by Elizabeth I upon the petition of a Welsh clergyman , Hugh Price , who was treasurer of St David 's Cathedral . Her foundation charter gave to the college the land and buildings of White Hall , a university hall that had experienced a decline in student numbers . Price added new buildings to those of White Hall , and construction work continued after his death in 1574 . The first of the college 's quadrangles , which includes the hall , chapel , and principal 's lodgings was completed between 1621 and 1630 . Construction of the second quadrangle began in the 1630s , but was interrupted by the English Civil War and was not completed until about 1712 . Further buildings were erected in a third quadrangle during the 20th century , including science laboratories ( now closed ) , a library for undergraduates , and additional accommodation for students and fellows . In addition to the main site , the college owns flats in east and north Oxford , and a sports ground .   The chapel , which was dedicated in 1621 and extended in 1636 , was extensively altered in 1864 under the supervision of the architect George Edmund Street . The alterations have had their supporters and their critics ; one historian of the college ( Ernest Hardy , principal from 1921 to 1925 ) described the work as `` ill-considered '' . The hall 's original hammerbeam roof was hidden by a plaster ceiling in 1741 when rooms were installed in the roofspace . The principal 's lodgings , the last part of the first quadrangle to be constructed , contain wooden panelling from the early 17th century . The Fellows ' Library in the second quadrangle dates from 1679 and contains 11,000 antiquarian books ; it was restored at a cost of # 700,000 in 2007 . A new Junior Common Room , about twice the size of its predecessor , was completed in the third quadrangle in 2002 . Further student and teaching rooms were added in Ship Street , opposite the college , in 2010 .   Eleven parts of the college are listed buildings , including all four sides of the first and second quadrangles . Nine parts , including the chapel , hall , and principal 's lodgings , have the highest Grade I designation , given to buildings of exceptional interest . Two other parts ( an external wall and an early 20th-century addition in the third quadrangle ) have a Grade II designation , given to buildings of national importance and special interest . The architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner described the first quadrangle as `` small and pretty '' , and said that the reredos behind the chapel altar was `` heavily gorgeous '' ; he was , however , critical of the Old Members ' Building in the third quadrangle , opened in 1971 , describing it as a `` mannered and modish design '' . The historian John Julius Norwich said that the first quadrangle had `` a curious charm '' , while the second quadrangle had `` a strong feeling of unity owing to the somewhat relentless succession of ogival gables '' . The poet Sir John Betjeman said that the clear planning of the first and second quadrangles , coupled with the relationship of their size to the heights of the buildings around them , `` make what would be undistinguished buildings judged on their detail , into something distinguished '' . However , he regarded the early 20th-century additions in the third quadrangle as `` dull '' .

neg: Blackhall Road, Oxford Blackhall Road is a road running between Keble Road to the north and Museum Road to the south in central Oxford , England , dating from the late 19th century . It is named after Black Hall , dating from at least 1519 , fronting onto St Giles ' , and now part of St John 's College . Houses in the road were leased by St John 's College between 1865 -- 75 .   Keble College occupies the entire east side of the road , including the O'Reilly Theatre . In the 1970s , the architects Ahrends , Burton and Koralek designed yellow brick buildings on the southern part of Blackhall Road . This include the `` Elephant House '' at the southern end , nicknamed due to its resemblance to the elephant house at London Zoo .   At the southern on the west side are houses owned by St John 's College . At the northern end to the west is the Mathematical Institute , a department of the University of Oxford .   The historian J.K. Fotheringham ( 1874 -- 1936 ) , an expert on ancient astronomy and chronology , and Fellow of Magdalen College , lived at 6 Blackhall Road . The classical historian Abel Hendy Jones Greenidge lived at 4 Blackhall Road . The poet and art critic Hasan Shahid Suhrawardy ( 1890 -- 1965 ) , an associate of the writer D.H. Lawrence , also lived in the road when they met in 1915 .   The road includes one of the longest lasting and still extant pieces of outdoor graffiti in Oxford . On a brick wall forming part of Keble College , opposite the Mathematical Institute building , are two large dinosaurs in white and blue paint . The caption `` REMEMBER WHAT HAPPENED TO THE DINOSAUR ! '' is next to the white dinosaur . By the blue dinosaur , perhaps intended to resemble an aligator , is a riposte `` I DID , AND LOOK WHAT HAPPENED TO ME '' . It is thought that the white graffiti , the earlier of the two pieces , was the work of delegates at the Drapers ' Conference at Keble in the early 1970s and was a defiant warning to those students of Keble 's much older neighbour St John 's College who had formed the St John 's Destroy Keble Society . Close by in Parks Road is the Oxford University Museum of Natural History where a number of fossilized dinosaur skeletons can be seen .

neg: Oxoniensis Oxoniensis is a Latin adjective derived from Oxonia , the Latin name of Oxford , meaning `` relating to Oxford , Oxonian `` and may refer to :   Universitas Oxoniensis , see University of Oxford  Editio Oxoniensis , a critical edition of a Greek or Latin text in the Oxford Classical Texts series   de : Oxoniensis

neg: Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church ( Ædes Christi , the temple or house , aedes , of Christ , and thus sometimes known as `` The House '' ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . The college is associated with Christ Church Cathedral , Oxford , which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is ex officio the college head .   It is the second wealthiest Oxford college by financial endowment ( after St John 's ) with an endowment of # 436m .   Christ Church has produced thirteen British prime ministers , more than any other Oxbridge college .   The college was the setting for parts of Evelyn Waugh 's Brideshead Revisited , as well as a small part of Lewis Carroll 's Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland . More recently it has been used in the filming of the movies of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series and also the film adaptation of Philip Pullman 's novel Northern Lights ( the film bearing the title of the American edition of the book , The Golden Compass ) . Distinctive features of the college 's architecture have been used as models by a number of other academic institutions , including the National University of Ireland , Galway , which reproduces Tom Quad . The University of Chicago and Cornell University both have reproductions of Christ Church 's dining hall ( in the forms of Hutchinson Hall and the dining hall of Risley Residential College , respectively ) . ChristChurch Cathedral in New Zealand , after which the City of Christchurch is named , is itself named after Christ Church , Oxford . Stained glass windows in the cathedral and other buildings are by the Pre-Raphaelite William Morris group with designs by Edward Burne-Jones .   Christ Church is also partly responsible for the creation of University College Reading , which later gained its own Royal Charter and became the University of Reading .   The first female undergraduates matriculated at Christ Church in 1980 .

neg: List of mathematicians, physicians, and scientists educated at Jesus College, Oxford Jesus College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1571 by Queen Elizabeth I at the request of Hugh Price , a Welsh clergyman , who was Treasurer of St David 's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire . The college still has strong links with Wales , and about 15 % of students are Welsh . There are 340 undergraduates and 190 students carrying out postgraduate studies . Women have been admitted since 1974 , when the college was one of the first five men 's colleges to become co-educational . Old members of Jesus College are sometimes known as `` Jesubites '' .   Mathematicians who have studied at Jesus College include Nigel Hitchin ( Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford since 1997 ) , Jonathan Borwein ( a former Rhodes Scholar who has held professorial appointments in Canada and Australia ) , and Jim Mauldon ( who taught at Oxford before moving to the United States to teach at Amherst College in Massachusetts ) . David E. Evans is Professor of Mathematics at Cardiff University , and H. W. Lloyd Tanner was Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at one of its predecessor institutions , the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire . Several noted individuals from biology , botany and zoology were educated at the college , including the Welsh clergyman Hugh Davies ( whose Welsh Botanology of 1813 was the first publication to cross-reference the Welsh-language and the scientific names of plants ) , Edward Bagnall Poulton ( Professor of Zoology at Oxford ) and James Brontë Gatenby ( Professor of Zoology at Trinity College , Dublin ) . Frank Greenaway was Keeper of the Department of Chemistry at the Science Museum in London for over 20 years , and the physicist Chris Rapley was director of the museum 2007 -- 10 . Other physicists who are Old Members of the college include Michael Woolfson ( a former Professor of Physics at the University of York ) and Edward Hinds ( whose work on ultra-cold matter won him the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society in 2008 ) . Edwin Stevens , who studied Natural Science at the college , designed the world 's first wearable hearing aid , and Sir Graham Sutton became director-general of the Meteorological Office ( ` Met Office ' ) .   The college had its own science laboratories from 1907 to 1947 , which were overseen ( for all but the last three years ) by the physical chemist David Chapman , a Fellow of the college from 1907 to 1944 . At the time of their closure , they were the last college-based science laboratories at the university . They were named the Sir Leoline Jenkins laboratories , after a former principal of the college . Scientific research and tuition ( particularly in chemistry ) became an important part of the college 's academic life after the construction of the laboratories . The brochure produced for the opening ceremony noted that the number of science students at the college had increased rapidly in recent years , and that provision of college laboratories would assist the tuition of undergraduates , as well as attracting to Jesus College those graduates of the University of Wales who wished to continue their research at Oxford . One of the college science lecturers had a link with Imperial Chemical Industries ( ICI ) ; 17 students joined ICI between the two World Wars , some of whom ( such as John Rose ) reached senior levels in the company . The laboratories became unnecessary when the university began to provide centralised facilities for students , and they were closed in 1947 .

neg: Lecture A lecture ( from the French ` lecture ' , meaning ` reading ' -LSB- process -RSB- ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject , for example by a university or college teacher . Lectures are used to convey critical information , history , background , theories , and equations . A politician 's speech , a minister 's sermon , or even a businessman 's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture . Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture 's content .   Though lectures are much criticised as a teaching method , universities have not yet found practical alternative teaching methods for the large majority of their courses . Critics point out that lecturing is mainly a one-way method of communication that does not involve significant audience participation but relies upon passive learning . Therefore , lecturing is often contrasted to active learning . Lectures delivered by talented speakers can be highly stimulating ; at the very least , lectures have survived in academia as a quick , cheap , and efficient way of introducing large numbers of students to a particular field of study .   Lectures have a significant role outside the classroom , as well . Academic and scientific awards routinely include a lecture as part of the honor , and academic conferences often center on `` keynote addresses '' , i.e. , lectures . The public lecture has a long history in the sciences and in social movements . Union halls , for instance , historically have hosted numerous free and public lectures on a wide variety of matters . Similarly , churches , community centers , libraries , museums , and other organizations have hosted lectures in furtherance of their missions or their constituents ' interests . Lectures represent a continuation of oral tradition in contrast to textual communication in books and other media . Lectures may be considered a type of grey literature .

neg: Oxford Round Table The Oxford Round Table is a series of interdisciplinary conferences organized in Oxford ( UK ) by a US-based ( currently California-based ) educational organization .   The mission of the Oxford Round Table , according to its website , is `` to provide an interdisciplinary forum for the discussion of contemporary issues that affect the public good in all its various forms and ramifications . ''   The Oxford Round Table is not affiliated with the University of Oxford , which has stated that events such as the Oxford Round Table are `` external to the university '' and `` not , as such , authorised or endorsed by the university . '' The company has been accused of misrepresenting its relationship with the university .

neg: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego University of Silesia Press ( Pol . Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego ) was founded in 1968 as the Publishing Department of the University of Silesia , concurrently with the foundation of the University of Silesia in Katowice . On 1 September 1975 it was transformed into a full fledged publishing house .   University of Silesia Press publishes academic works in all of the disciplines of scholarship and science represented by the academic faculty of the University of Silesia in Katowice . The USP publications include peer-refereed monographs , collective volumes as well as periodicals . Since 2013 , all of the USP print publications are simultaneously made available as e-books . The USP book series and perioducals , a significant number of which feature in the evaluation lists of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and are indexed in Polish and international repositories and databases ( such as Central and Eastern European Online Library , Index Copernicus , CEJSH , BazHum , ERIH PLUS , and others ) . The USP journals are made available to the reading public as open access periodicals ( the so called `` gold path '' ) in accordance with the recommendation of the European Commission of 17 July 2012 on access to and preservation of scientific information . A part of the overall body of the USP publications are habilitationschrifts ( i.e. `` tenure books '' ) as well as doctoral dissertations recommended by the Ph.D. committees at the University of Silesia in Katowice .   A separate field of the USP publishing activity are coursebooks and teaching materials for students , including students of extramural programs and students of Polish as a foreign language .   The publications of the University of Silesia Press have received numerous awards and honorary mentions ; among Authors publishing with the USP there are leading experts in a variety of areas of research .   On average , the annual production of the University of Silesia Press amounts to 150-170 titles , with the total volume of ca. 2700 printed sheets per year .   Since February 2017 , the University of Silesia Press is led by Beata Klyta , serving as its acting director .

neg: Wolfson College, Oxford Wolfson College -LSB- ˈwʊlfsən -RSB- is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . Located in north Oxford along the River Cherwell , Wolfson is an all-graduate college with over sixty governing body fellows , in addition to both research and junior research fellows . It caters to a wide range of subjects , from the humanities to the social and natural sciences . The college is also Oxford University 's most international and interdisciplinary graduate college , with students from 75 nationalities enrolled in masters and doctoral programs .   The liberal philosopher Sir Isaiah Berlin was the college 's first president , and was instrumental not only in its founding in 1965 , but establishing its tradition of academic excellence and egalitarianism . The college houses The Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust and the annual Isaiah Berlin Lecture . The current president of Wolfson College is Dame Hermione Lee , to be succeeded in Summer 2018 by Tim Hitchens .   As of 2006 , the college had a financial endowment of # 33.5 million .

neg: Free press Free press or Free Press may refer to :   Freedom of the press , legal protections for public communications media  Free Press ( organization ) , a USA media advocacy organization founded by professor Robert W. McChesney and journalist John Nichols  Free Press ( publisher ) , an imprint of Simon & Schuster publishing  The House of the Free Press ( Casa Presei Libere ) , a building in Bucharest , Romania

neg: List of University of Oxford people This page serves as a central navigational point for lists of more than 2,350 members of the University of Oxford , divided into relevant groupings for ease of use . The vast majority were students at the university , although they did not necessarily take a degree ; others have held fellowships at one of the university 's colleges ; many fall into both categories . This page does not include people whose only connection with the university consists in the award of an honorary degree or an honorary fellowship .   The list has been divided into categories indicating the field of activity in which people have become well known . Many of the university 's alumni/ae , or old members , as they are more traditionally known , have attained a level of distinction in more than one field . These appear only in the category with which it is felt they are most often associated , or in which they have been more recently involved . Hence Jeffrey Archer ( Brasenose ) , a novelist , is listed as a life peer ; Imran Khan ( Keble ) , a former captain of the Pakistani cricket team , is listed as a Pakistani politician . Some academic disciplines are more difficult to define than others . In particular , many theologians , lawyers , and sociologists work in areas that might be thought to be encompassed by philosophy .   Oxonians ( a term for members , students or alumni of the university derived from its Latin name , Academia Oxoniensis ) have included two British kings and at least twelve monarchs of ten other sovereign states , twenty-five British prime ministers , and thirty-five presidents and prime ministers of nineteen other countries . there are six Oxonians in the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and two in the Shadow Cabinet .   The university lays claim to twelve saints , ten blesseds , an antipope , eighteen cardinals , and eighty-nine archbishops ( including thirty-two of Canterbury and twenty-two of York ) .   This list also includes twenty-five princes and princesses ( among them the heirs apparent of Belgium , Brunei , and Japan ) , thirty-four dukes , nineteen marquesses , eighty-two earls and countesses , forty-six viscounts and viscountesses , and 188 barons and baronesses ; 246 bishops ( Anglican and Catholic ) ; 291 Members of Parliament ( excluding MPs who were subsequently peers ) , eleven Members of the European Parliament ( excluding MEPs also serving at Westminster ) , twelve Lord Chancellors , nine Lord Chief Justices and twenty-two law lords ; ten US Senators , ten US Representatives ( including a Speaker of the House ) , three state governors , and four associate justices of the US Supreme Court ; as well as six puisne justices of the Supreme Court of Canada and a chief justice of the now defunct Federal Court of Canada .   The University of Oxford claims forty-seven Nobel Laureates and three Fields Medallists .

neg: Faculty of History, University of Oxford The Faculty of History at the University of Oxford organises that institution 's teaching and research in modern history . Medieval and Modern History has been taught at Oxford for longer than at virtually any other University , and the first Regius Professor of Modern History was appointed in 1724 . The Faculty is part of the Humanities Division , and has been based at the former City of Oxford High School for Boys on George Street , Oxford since the summer of 2007 , while the department 's Library was removed from the former Indian Institute on Catte Street to the main Bodleian buildings at the start of 2013 .

neg: University A university ( universitas , `` a whole '' , `` a corporation '' ) is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education .   The word `` university '' is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means `` community of teachers and scholars . '' Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages .

neg: Omnibus Press Omnibus Press is the world 's largest specialist publisher of music-related books . It publishes around 30 new titles a year to add to a backlist of over 250 titles currently in print .

neg: Oxford–Cambridge rivalry Rivalry between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge is a phenomenon going back many centuries . During most of that time , they were the only two universities in England and Wales , making the rivalry more intense than it is now .   The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge , sometimes collectively known as Oxbridge , are the two oldest universities in the United Kingdom . Both were founded more than 800 years ago , and between them they have produced a large number of Britain 's most prominent scientists , writers and politicians , as well as noted figures in many other fields . Competition between Oxford and Cambridge also has a long history , dating back to around 1208 when Cambridge was founded by scholars taking refuge from hostile townsmen in Oxford .

neg: Radcliffe Square Radcliffe Square is a square in central Oxford , England . It is surrounded by historic Oxford University and college buildings . The square is cobbled , laid to grass surrounded by railings in the centre , and is pedestrianised except for access .   The square is named after John Radcliffe , a student of the university who became doctor to the King , made a large fortune , and left a significant legacy to the University and his college ( University College ) , which is nearby in the High Street to the south .   The centrepiece of the square is the circular and imposing Radcliffe Camera , a library ( originally for science ) paid for by John Radcliffe 's legacy , built 1737 -- 48 . This is part of the Bodleian Library , the main building of which is situated immediately to the north of the square . The two are connected by an underground tunnel and there are many books stored under the square ( with space for around 600,000 volumes ) . These books may be requested by readers . There used to be a small underground railway to transport books between the Radcliffe Camera and the main Bodleian site .  To the west is Brasenose College , one of Oxford 's older colleges . To the east is All Souls College , which only has fellows and no students , and is thus largely dedicated to research . A good view can be had through the gate leading to the square , since although these are normally locked , they consist of metal railings . The eastern side of the square forms part of Catte Street .   At the southern side of the square is the University Church of St Mary the Virgin , with its tall spire . This is the official church of Oxford University and is where the Oxford Martyrs were tried for heresy . A good view of Radcliffe Square and the rest of central Oxford is available from the tower , which is open to the public for a charge .   The square is widely regarded as the most beautiful in Oxford , and is very popular with tourists . There are no modern buildings to be seen , so it is also used as a setting for period films ( e.g. , Young Sherlock Holmes , in which Brasenose featured as Sherlock Holmes ' college ) .   The square was also part of the venue for the Brasenose Quincentenary Ball in 2009 which celebrated 500 years of the college .

neg: Worcester College, Oxford Worcester College -LSB- ˈwʊstər -RSB- is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes , a Worcestershire baronet , with the college gaining its name from the county of Worcestershire . Its predecessor , Gloucester College , had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 .   , Worcester had a financial endowment of # 16.7 million .   Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch , television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies , US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan , actress Emma Watson and novelist Richard Adams .

neg: St Aldate's, Oxford St Aldate 's -LSB- ˈɔːldeɪts -RSB- is a street in central Oxford , England . It is named after Saint Aldate of whom little is known , although it has also been suggested that the name is a corruption of ` old gate ' , referring to the south gate in the former city walls . St Aldate 's Church is on the west side of the street , in Pembroke Square . A former name for St Aldate 's is Fish Street .   The street runs south from the generally acknowledged centre of Oxford at Carfax . The Town Hall , which includes the Museum of Oxford , is on the east side of the street . Christ Church , with its imposing Tom Tower , faces the east end of St Aldate 's , while Pembroke College ( on Pembroke Square ) faces its west end . Other adjoining streets include Blue Boar Street to the east side and Pembroke Street , Pembroke Square , Brewer Street , Rose Place , and Speedwell Street to the west .   Opposite Christ Church is Alice 's Shop , formerly frequented by Alice Liddell , and the model for the Sheep Shop in the `` Wool and Water '' chapter in Through the Looking-Glass .   South of Christ Church is an entrance to Christ Church Meadow and , still on the east side , the University of Oxford 's Faculty of Music , containing the Bate Collection of Musical Instruments ; the building was opened in 1936 for St Catherine 's Society . Oxford 's police station ( designed in 1936 by H. F. Hurcombe , the City Estates Surveyor , and the Crown and County Court opposite precede a junction with Thames Street to the west . ( The police station was featured in the Inspector Morse television series . ) After Folly Bridge over the River Thames or Isis , St Aldate 's becomes Abingdon Road ( A4144 ) , leading directly south out of the city of Oxford towards the Oxford Ring Road and the villages of Kennington & Radley and the town of Abingdon .

neg: Osprey Publishing Osprey Publishing is an Oxford-based publishing company specializing in military history . Predominantly an illustrated publisher , many of their books contain full-colour artwork plates , maps and photographs , and the company produces over a dozen ongoing series , each focusing on a specific aspect of the history of warfare . Osprey has published over 2,300 books . They are best known for their Men-at-Arms series , running to over 500 titles , with each book dedicated to a specific historical army or military unit . Osprey is an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing .


query: T-Pain is an American citizen.

pos: T-Pain Faheem Rashad Najm ( born September 30 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name T-Pain , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter and record producer from Tallahassee , Florida . His debut album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , was released in 2005 . In 2007 , T-Pain released his second album Epiphany , which reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart . His third album , Thr33 Ringz , was released in 2008 . T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles , including `` I 'm Sprung '' , `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , `` Bartender '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' , `` 5 O'Clock '' and more . T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards , alongside artists Kanye West and Jamie Foxx respectively .   T-Pain is the founder of the record label imprint Nappy Boy Entertainment , established in 2005 . Throughout his career as a singer , T-Pain is best known for using and popularizing the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect , used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds . From 2006 to 2010 , T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles , his most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida 's debut single `` Low '' , which has since been certified 6x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) .

neg: America (Deuce song) `` America '' is the second studio-release single from American artist Deuce and is a politically themed song with a stronger metal influence than some of Deuce 's other music . It was released on January 10 , 2012 , a week earlier than originally planned due to a leak of the full music video in late December 2011 . The song is the third track on Deuce 's debut album titled Nine Lives . As of April 2012 , `` America '' had sold 36,000 copies , making it the most commercially successful single of the album . This single , along with `` Let 's Get It Crackin ' '' , was featured as part of a fan-based remix contest held by Deuce and Five Seven Music titled `` Deuce REMIXXXED ''   On July 3 , 2012 a single was released for Independence Day which was called the `` America ( n ) Pride '' , which contained `` America '' , two remixes , and the music video on iTunes .

neg: Don't (Bryson Tiller song) `` Do n't '' is the debut single by American singer Bryson Tiller . It was released on May 20 , 2015 , as the first single for his debut studio album Trapsoul . The song was produced by Epikh Pro and DopeBoi . Lyrically , at the start of the second verse , the song samples `` Shake It Off '' by Mariah Carey . This song peaked at number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it became Tiller 's first Top 40 hit and his highest charting single to date .

neg: Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey .   After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .

neg: Freeze (T-Pain song) `` Freeze '' is the third and final single from R&B singer T-Pain from his third album , Thr33 Ringz . The song features singer Chris Brown . The song was released on iTunes on October 10 and was added to T-Pain 's MySpace on October 17 . A version that features Omarion was originally on the album , but was changed to Chris Brown .

neg: Money Ain't a Thang `` Money Ai n't a Thang '' is the second single from rapper Jermaine Dupri 's 1998 album Life in 1472 . It features rapper Jay-Z and appears as a bonus track on his album Vol . 2 ... Hard Knock Life . It is produced by Dupri , who samples `` Weak at the Knees '' by Steve Arrington for the track 's beat . It can be found on two of Jay-Z 's greatest hits compilations : Chapter One : Greatest Hits and Greatest Hits . In addition , it was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 41st Grammy Awards in 1999 .   The title of `` Money Ai n't a Thang '' appears as `` Money Ai n't a Thing '' on the vinyl single , but not on the CD single or any album it appears on .

neg: Controlled substance A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture , possession , or use is regulated by a government , such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated a Controlled Drug in the United Kingdom .   In the United States , the Drug Enforcement Administration is responsible for suppressing illegal drug use and distribution by enforcing the Controlled Substances Act , which regulates both the drugs themselves and certain precursors . Some U.S. states have additional restrictions for substances which might or might not be regulated by the federal government . During the Obama Administration , the federal government also voluntarily suspended enforcement of federal laws restricting marijuana where people were operating in compliance with state law .   Some precursor chemicals used for the production of illegal drugs are also controlled substances in many countries , even though they may lack the pharmacological effects of the drugs themselves . Substances are classified according to schedules and consist primarily of potentially psychoactive substances . The controlled substances do not include many prescription items such as antibiotics .   Some states in the U.S. have statutes against health care providers self-prescribing and/or administering substances listed in the Controlled Substance Act schedules . This does not forbid licensed providers from self-prescribing medications not on the schedules .

neg: Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans ( also known as Trinbagonian Americans ) are Americans of total or partial Trinidadian and Tobagonian ancestry or immigrants born in Trinidad and Tobago . The largest proportion of Trinidadians live in New York City and in other places such as Pennsylvania , Maryland , Florida , New Jersey , and Massachusetts . There are more than 400,000 Trinidadian Americans living in the U.S.

neg: Legality of cannabis The legality of cannabis varies from country to country . Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries and has been since the beginning of widespread cannabis prohibition in the late 1930s . However , possession of the plant in small quantities has been decriminalized in many countries and sub-national entities in several parts of the world . For example , cannabis in Canada will be legal for recreational use if legislation is passed in spring 2017 . On 10 December 2013 , Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the sale , cultivation , and distribution of cannabis . Open sales are `` illegal , but not punishable '' , at `` coffeeshops '' in the Netherlands if certain rules are followed . In the United States , federal law prohibits possession or sale of marijuana for any purpose , but the Obama Administration refrained from prosecuting users and dealers operating in compliance with state ( see Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction ) , territory , and Indian reservation laws which permit medical or recreational marijuana .   The medicinal use of cannabis is legal in a number of countries , including Canada , the Czech Republic and Israel . Medical cannabis in the United States is legal in 29 states as of December 2016 .   Some countries have laws which are not as vigorously prosecuted as others , but apart from the countries which offer access to medical marijuana , most countries have penalties ranging from lenient to very severe . Some infractions are taken more seriously in some countries than others in regard to the cultivation , use , possession or transfer of cannabis for recreational use . A few jurisdictions have lessened penalties for possession of small quantities of cannabis , making it punishable by confiscation and a fine , rather than imprisonment . Some jurisdictions/drug courts use mandatory treatment programs for young or frequent users , with freedom from narcotic drugs as the goal and a few jurisdictions permit cannabis use for medicinal purposes . Routine drug tests to detect cannabis are most common in the United States , and have resulted in jail sentences and loss of employment even for medical use . In most European countries , privacy and labor laws prevent such testing for job applicants . Simple possession can carry long jail sentences in some countries , particularly in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia , where the sale of cannabis may lead to life imprisonment or execution .

neg: Thuggin' Under the Influence (T.U.I.) Thuggin ' Under the Influence ( T.U.I. ) is the first independent album by American rapper Young Jeezy ( under the initial name `` Lil ' J '' ) . It was released on August 31 , 2001 , by his independent record label , called Corporate Thugz ( CTE ) .

neg: T-Mobile US T-Mobile US is a major wireless network operator in the United States . The German telecommunications company Deutsche Telekom ( DT ) is its majority shareholder . Its headquarters are located in Bellevue , Washington , in the Seattle metropolitan area . T-Mobile is the third largest wireless carrier in the United States with 72.6 million customers as of Q1 2017 .   T-Mobile US provides wireless voice and data services in the United States , Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands under the T-Mobile and MetroPCS brands ( which it acquired in a reverse takeover in 2013 , resulting in the company going public on the NASDAQ stock exchange ) , and also serves as the host network for many mobile virtual network operators . The company has annual revenues of $ 37 billion . Its network reaches 98 percent of Americans . In 2015 , Consumer Reports named T-Mobile the number one American wireless carrier . In 2017 , T-Mobile was ranked # 1 in Customer Service Satisfaction by Nielsen .

neg: Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991 The Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991 ( TVPA ; ) is a statute that allows for the filing of civil suits in the United States against individuals who , acting in an official capacity for any foreign nation , committed torture and/or extrajudicial killing . The statute requires a plaintiff to show exhaustion of local remedies in the location of the crime , to the extent that such remedies are `` adequate and available . '' Plaintiffs may be U.S. citizens or non-U.S. citizens .   Although the Act was not passed until early 1992 , it was introduced the previous year , and the official name of the Act is the `` Torture Victim Protection Act of 1991 . ''

neg: Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music .   Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts .   After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) .   Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .

neg: T.H.U.G.S. T.H.U.G.S. ( Trues Humbly United Gatherin ' Souls ) '' is the debut solo album by rapper Flesh-n-Bone from the hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony . The album was released on November 19 , 1996 , on Mo Thugs Records and Def Jam Recordings . The title stands for `` Trues Humbly United Gatherin ' Souls '' . The album has three singles : `` World So Cruel '' ( featuring Rev Run ) , `` Nothin ' But Da Bone In Me '' and `` Playa Hater '' ( featuring Krayzie Bone & Layzie Bone ) . The mood of the album ranges from tales of murder , kidnapping , demonic spirits , and religion . T.H.U.G.S. received favorable to positive reviews from critics . The album has been certified Gold by the RIAA on February 12 , 1997 .

neg: Terrorism Risk Insurance Act The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act ( TRIA ) is a United States federal law signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 26 , 2002 . The Act created a federal `` backstop '' for insurance claims related to acts of terrorism . The Act `` provides for a transparent system of shared public and private compensation for insured losses resulting from acts of terrorism . '' The Act was originally set to expire December 31 , 2005 , was extended for two years in December 2005 , and was extended again on December 26 , 2007 . The Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act expired on December 31 , 2014 .   On January 7 , 2015 the House of Representatives voted 416-5 to approve the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 , extending the TRIA through the year 2020 . The Senate approved the extension the day after by a vote of 93-4 . On January 12 , 2015 , President Barack Obama signed the extension into law .

neg: Indo-Caribbean Americans Indo-Caribbean American people are Americans who trace their ancestry ultimately to the Indian Subcontinent , though whose recent ancestors lived in the Caribbean , where they began migrating in 1838 as indentured laborers . There are large groups of Indo-Trinidadians , Indo-Guyanese , Indo-Surinamese , and Indo-Jamaicans in the United States , especially in New York and Florida . The Washington metropolitan area , California , Texas and Georgia also have small numbers of Indo-Guyanese and Indo-Trinidadians .

neg: American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation .   Author William Herberg offers the following definition :   One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' .   In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''

neg: T-Pain discography The discography of T-Pain , an American R&B singer , songwriter record producer and rapper , consists of four studio albums , forty-two singles ( as lead artist , and featured artist ) , five mixtapes , and thirty-six music videos .   On December 6 , 2005 , his debut studio album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , is where it first appeared on the charts , when it debuted at number 33 on the US Billboard 200 . Both singles , `` I 'm Sprung '' and `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , peaked in the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 . After that , he collaborated with fellow rapper E-40 , along with an singer Kandi Burruss on the single `` U and Dat '' , which it peaked at number 13 in the United States . In 2007 , his second album , titled Epiphany ( 2007 ) , which debuted at number 1 in the United States . The lead single `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , peaked at number one in the United States , the follow-up single `` Bartender '' which peaked at number 5 , and the album 's third single `` Church '' . During 2007 , T-Pain made several guest appearances on songs by other performing artists , the most commercially successful of these being `` Low '' by Flo Rida , which peaked at number one in the United States , and on several national singles charts worldwide .   In November 2008 , T-Pain released his third studio album , Three Ringz , debuted at number 4 in the United States , and its consists by all 3 singles -- `` Chopped 'n' Skrewed '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' and `` Freeze '' . In 2008 , T-Pain appeared on several other singles by other performing artists , including `` Got Money '' by Lil Wayne , `` The Boss by Rick Ross and `` One More Drink '' by Ludacris , among several others . T-Pain 's fourth studio album , Revolver , was released in December 2011 . The album has been preceded by the release of the promotional singles `` Take Your Shirt Off '' , `` Reverse Cowgirl '' and `` Rap Song '' , as well as the single `` Booty Wurk ( One Cheek at a Time ) '' , which attained mixed success on worldwide charts . On May 4 , 2011 , T-Pain released a mixtape , PrEVOLVEr , in promotion of the album . The first official single from Revolver was `` Best Love Song '' , which features Chris Brown . The album 's second single was `` 5 O'Clock '' , which features Wiz Khalifa and Lily Allen . The album 's third single was `` Turn All the Lights On '' , which features Ne-Yo .

neg: Immortal Technique Felipe Andres Coronel ( born February 19 , 1978 ) , better known by the stage name Immortal Technique , is an American hip hop recording artist and activist . Most of his lyrics focus on controversial issues in global politics . His lyrics are largely commentary on issues such as politics , socialism , class struggle , poverty , religion , government , imperialism , economics and institutional racism .   Immortal Technique has aims to retain control over his production , and has stated in his music that record companies , not artists themselves , profit the most from mass production and marketing of music . He claimed in an interview to have sold close to a combined total of 200,000 copies of his first three official releases .

neg: Tommy Coster Thomas Joseph Coster , Jr. ( born June 10 , 1966 ) , known as Tommy Coster , is an American keyboardist and composer . He is the son of Santana keyboardist Tom Coster . He has composed music for Interscope , Universal , Aftermath , Shady Records , G-Unit , For Life , Def Jam , AVEX . He has composed songs with such artists as Dr. Dre , Eminem and 50 Cent . In 2000 he co-wrote the single `` The Real Slim Shady '' with Dr. Dre and Eminem .

neg: Private Show (T.I. song) `` Private Show '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist T.I. , released on February 24 , 2015 , through Grand Hustle and Columbia Records , as the third single from his ninth studio album Paperwork ( 2014 ) . The song , which was produced by Shama `` Sak Pase '' Joseph and Ace Harris , features vocals from American singer Chris Brown .


query: Rob Lowe was in the cast of The West Wing.

pos: Rob Lowe Robert Hepler Lowe ( -LSB- ˈloʊ -RSB- born March 17 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He came to prominence in the 1980s , playing teen and young adult roles in films such as The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Oxford Blues ( 1984 ) , St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , and About Last Night ... ( 1986 ) . However , he continued acting in less prominent film roles , and went on to high-profile roles in television series such as The West Wing ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , Brothers & Sisters ( 2006 -- 2010 ) , and Parks and Recreation ( 2010 -- 2014 ) .   In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing , Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards ; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors .

neg: Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast .   In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run .   Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy .   Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes .   It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle .   Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .

neg: Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field .   The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer .   The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives .   Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times .   The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .

neg: Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . )   Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series .   Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .

neg: The Crackpots and These Women `` The Crackpots and These Women '' is the fifth episode from season one of The West Wing .

neg: R. Lee Ermey Ronald Lee Ermey ( born March 24 , 1944 ) , known professionally as R. Lee Ermey , is an American actor , best known for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Full Metal Jacket , which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He is a former United States Marine Corps staff sergeant and an honorary gunnery sergeant ; during his tenure in the U.S. Marine Corps , he served as a drill instructor .   Ermey has often been typecast in authority figure roles , such as Mayor Tilman in the film Mississippi Burning , Bill Bowerman in Prefontaine , Sheriff Hoyt in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake , Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Stanley Kubrick 's Full Metal Jacket , Jimmy Lee Farnsworth in Fletch Lives , a police captain in Se7en , plastic army men leader Sarge in the Toy Story films , Lt. `` Tice '' Ryan in Rocket Power , the warden in SpongeBob SquarePants , and John House , Gregory House 's father in House .   Ermey has hosted two programs on the History Channel : Mail Call , in which he answered viewers ' questions about various military issues both modern and historic ; and Lock N ' Load with R. Lee Ermey , which concerned the development of different types of weapons . He also hosted Gunny Time on the Outdoor channel .

neg: Todd Lowe Todd Lowe ( born May 10 , 1977 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Terry Bellefleur on HBO 's True Blood , and as Zach Van Gerbig on Gilmore Girls . Lowe most recently played Terry Bellefleur on HBO 's True Blood , a PTSD-suffering Iraq War veteran who works as a short order cook at Merlotte 's Bar & Grill .   In addition to television and film , Todd has starred in over twenty stage productions and has worked on several plays written by playwright Justin Tanner .   Lowe has been a singer and guitarist for Pilbilly Knights , a country-rock band based in Los Angeles . The band released a compact disc , California Nigth Club ( sic ) in January 2007 . He is currently a member of another rock country band , The LA Hootenanny .   Lowe is a graduate of The University of Texas at Austin graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1999 . While looking for jobs as an actor , Lowe worked as a substitute teacher .

neg: Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut .   The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts .   The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .

neg: L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 .   Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff .   In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles .   The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .

neg: Jason Wingreen Jason Wingreen ( October 9 , 1920 -- December 25 , 2015 ) was an American actor .   From the early 1960s Wingreen was a voting member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences .

neg: Charlie Young Charles `` Charlie '' Young is a fictional character played by Dulé Hill on the television serial drama The West Wing . For the majority of the series , he is the Personal Aide to President Josiah Bartlet .

neg: Robert Markowitz Robert Markowitz ( born February 7 , 1935 in Irvington , New Jersey ) is an American film director and television director . He has directed a number of television films that include ( 1983 ) , Too Young to Die ? ( 1990 ) , Decoration Day ( 1990 ) , Because Mommy Works ( 1994 ) , The Tuskegee Airmen ( 1995 ) , The Great Gatsby ( 2000 ) , The Pilot 's Wife ( 2003 ) , Word of Honor ( 2003 ) , Avenger ( 2006 ) and other films .   He also directed episodes of Delvecchio , Serpico , and the anthology series Amazing Stories .   His last directing credit was the TNT television film Avenger ( 2006 ) starring Sam Elliott and Timothy Hutton .

neg: 44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest .   On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series .   After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .

neg: The Remains (film) The Remains is a 2016 American horror film written and directed by Thomas Della Bella and starring Todd Lowe as a widower and father named John . In The Remains , John moves his family after his wife passes , but the items that had been left in the house turn out to be haunted .

neg: Wash West Wash Westmoreland , also called Wash West , ( born 4 March 1966 ) is an independent film director who has worked in television , documentaries , and independent films . His 2006 release , Quinceañera , had a double Sundance win ( Audience Award and Grand Jury Prize ) , and it also picked up the Humanitas Prize and the John Cassavetes Spirit Award . In 2008 , Westmoreland produced an MTV film Pedro about AIDS activist Pedro Zamora that was introduced on MTV by U.S. President Bill Clinton . Working with his partner Richard Glatzer , he directed The Last of Robin Hood in 2012 starring Kevin Kline , Susan Sarandon , and Dakota Fanning that was released in August 2014 by Goldwyn . The duo 's next film Still Alice , based on Lisa Genova 's NYT bestselling book , starred Julianne Moore , Kristen Stewart , and Alec Baldwin . It premiered at Toronto International Film Festival in 2014 and was immediately picked up for distribution by Sony Picture Classics . It went on to win many awards , especially for leading actress Julianne Moore , who won the SAG Award , the Independent Spirit Award , the BAFTA and the Academy Award for Best Actress .

neg: Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 .   The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 .   The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton .   It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .

neg: Nick G. Miller Nick G. Miller ( born January 18 , 1964 in Dayton , Ohio ) , also known as Nick Miller , is an American businessperson . His main interests are within the entertainment industry , the marine industry , and business education . Miller is an award-winning screenwriter , filmmaker , movie producer , movie director , television producer , actor , music producer , film composer , public speaker , and philanthropist . He has owned various companies within the marine industry and is a consultant and keynote speaker .   His acting credits include The Last Marshal , The Librarians , Chronicles of an Exorcism , and Catch of a Lifetime . He has produced feature films and television shows such as Palmetto , The Unlikely 's , Catch of a Lifetime , E! Entertainment 's Wild On the Mark Cuban series Art Mann Presents , Talent Rock , and CBS Television 's The Music Cafe Presents ( co-produced with Greg Rike and Greg Rike Studios ) . In 2005 , Miller , along with producing partner Matthew Ashford did a test shoot for a screenplay they had written together in the horror film genre entitled Chronicles of an Exorcism . The film was originally shelved by Miller and his producers , but has since been released on DVD . In October 2008 the movie was one of the most watched horror movies of all time and was listed near the top 100 ( # 116 ) on the Internet Movie Database . Miller is currently post production on the movie Windwalkers and in pre production on a screenplay co-written with published author Timothy G. Grogan . In April 2014 , as executive producer , Miller 's romantic comedy , Catch of a Lifetime , directed by Ben Klopfenstein and written by Miller , Klopfenstein , and book author Connie Neumann , won the Audience Choice for Best Feature award at the Silver Springs International Film Festival .   Miller consults and works with companies on forming strategic alliance business plans via product placement , co-branding and media exposure . He has been instrumental in negotiating and placing products in feature films and television shows including War of the Worlds , I , Robot , Fun with Dick and Jane , Scream 3 , Charlie 's Angels , CSI : Miami , 24 , Nash Bridges , V.I.P. , and JAG .   Nick G. Miller produces and hosts sales and motivational training workshops across the globe . He has trained thousands of sales and service staff members from companies including FTD Flowers , Harley-Davidson , Featherlite Luxury Coaches , Bombardier , Platinum Coach Works , Northeast Marine Trade Association , Rio Roses , and many others .   Miller is also a music producer , and in 2009 became vice president of Living Legends Music , a property which includes a syndicated radio show , streaming iTunes radio , a DVD series , and the CBS television series The Music Cafe Presents , all featuring interviews with musicians . Miller also produced and hosted the 2009 DVD documentary Orleans : Official History & Music for the 1970s and 1980s band Orleans . He comes from a musical family dating back to 1940 when his great uncle Douglas Dalton , played mandolin and guitar for The Whippoorwills , Roy Rogers , Sons of the Pioneers , and other bands and musicians . Today , Miller performs with Nick Miller & The Gathering , a group consisting of rotating legendary musicians playing their own number one hits .   Miller 's companies have produced nightclub events , swimwear modeling competitions , and VIP parties for Corona Beer , Harley-Davidson , Loews Hotels , Gibson , Universal Studios Theme Parks , Six Flags Theme Parks and others .   Miller has been part of the marine industry since 1986 . As vice president , Miller played an instrumental part in resurrecting Donzi Marine in 1993 . Miller and Donzi Marine manager Steve Simon formed `` Team Donzi '' and raced a Donzi 38 ZX in the American Power Boat Association circuit . The team won two APBA/UIM World Championships five APBA National Championships . Under the same ownership group , Miller organized a marketing campaign and formed strategic alliances with non-endemic companies helping Pro-Line Boats become the # 1 selling fiberglass fishing boats in the United States . During the mid-2000s Miller consulted and worked with the offshore racing champion , Reggie Fountain and his company Fountain Powerboats . In 2012 he became a partner and shareholder of Sak Marine , a Georgia based company that manufactured Caravelle Boats , Key Largo Boats , Interceptor Performance Boats , Clearwater Fishing Boats , and Sea Hawk Boats .   Nick Miller was introduced to Burt Reynolds at his home in Florida . The lunch meeting resulted in Miller being offered acting roles in two of Reynolds ' films . Soon after he would meet the man who would become his mentor ; the late award-winning filmmaker John Daly , of which just some of his movies includes Platoon , The Terminator , The Falcon and the Snowman , Salvador , Full Metal Jacket , The Bodyguard , and The Legend of Zorro .

neg: ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations , which makes it the most nominated drama program in history . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series .

neg: Robert Cohen (writer) Robert `` Rob '' Cohen is a Canadian comedy writer and director . He was raised in Calgary , Alberta and has written for The Simpsons , The Wonder Years , The Ben Stiller Show , MADtv , Just Shoot Me ! , Father of the Pride , and American Dad ! . He has worked on The Big Bang Theory as co-executive producer ( 16 episodes ) and writer ( 4 episodes ) . He is the older brother of recurring Simpsons writer Joel H. Cohen .   Robert 's writing career has covered every form of TV , from sketch to multi-camera , single-camera and animation .

neg: Ron Ostrow Ron Ostrow is an American actor who mostly appears on television . His first major credit was in the Aaron Sorkin movie A Few Good Men in 1992 , where he played an MP . He was in the original stage version playing the role of The Sentry . He has since made appearances in many other Sorkin projects , including Sports Night , The West Wing , Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip and the upcoming The Newsroom . He has also featured in guest and recurring roles on a number of other television series , including Law & Order , Party of Five , Fired Up , Ally McBeal , Boston Legal and Scandal , as well as the films Charlie Wilson 's War and The Incredible Burt Wonderstone .

neg: Kurtwood Smith Kurtwood Larson Smith ( born July 3 , 1943 ) is an American television and film actor . He is known for playing Clarence Boddicker in RoboCop ( 1987 ) and Red Forman in That '70s Show , as well as for his many appearances in science fiction films and television programs ( Star Trek , The X-Files ) . He also starred in the seventh season of 24 .