query: Jimmy Wales is from America.

pos: Jimmy Wales Jimmy Donal `` Jimbo '' Wales ( -LSB- 'd ʒɪmi_ˈdoʊnəl_ˈweɪlz -RSB- born August 7 , 1966 in Huntsville , Alabama ) is an American Internet entrepreneur . He is the co-founder of Wikipedia , the online non-profit encyclopedia , and the for-profit web hosting company Wikia .   Wales was born in Huntsville , Alabama , where he attended Randolph School , a university-preparatory school . Later , he earned bachelor 's and master 's degrees in Finance from Auburn University and the University of Alabama , respectively .   While in graduate school , Wales taught at two universities ; however , he departed before completing a PhD to take a job in finance , and later worked as the Research Director of a Chicago , Illinois , futures and options firm . In 1996 , he and two partners founded Bomis , an adult web portal featuring entertainment and adult content . The company would provide the initial funding for the peer-reviewed free encyclopedia , Nupedia ( 2000 -- 03 ) , and its successor , Wikipedia .   On January 15 , 2001 , with Larry Sanger and others , Wales launched Wikipedia -- a free , open content encyclopedia that enjoyed rapid growth and popularity ; as Wikipedia 's public profile grew , he became the project 's promoter and spokesman . He is historically cited as a co-founder of Wikipedia , though he has disputed the `` co - '' designation , declaring himself the sole founder .   Wales serves on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees , the non-profit charitable organization that he helped establish to operate Wikipedia , holding its board-appointed `` community founder '' seat . In 2004 , he co-founded Wikia , a for-profit wiki hosting service . His role in creating Wikipedia , which has become the world 's largest encyclopedia , prompted Time Magazine to name him in their 2006 list of `` The 100 Most Influential People in the World '' .

neg: Jimmy's Winning Matches `` Jimmy 's Winning Matches '' , originally called `` Jimmy Selling Watches '' , is a song performed by Rory and the Island -- and the anthem of Donegal 's march towards the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final . Considered an Internet and YouTube sensation , `` Jimmy 's Winning Matches '' hit number one on the iTunes chart .   With the title referring to Donegal manager Jim McGuinness , the song has been compared both to the legendary sports anthem `` Put 'Em Under Pressure '' as well as the iconic song `` Give It a Lash Jack '' .   Morning Ireland , normally a conservative public service programme on RTÉ Radio 1 dealing with formal issues such as politics , played the song on consecutive days after Donegal won the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final . Numerous alternative versions have emerged on YouTube , including one by a `` four-year old kid '' and one from an `` accordion-wielding band '' .

neg: The Barry Horns The Barry Horns are an eleven-piece brass band , made up of fans of the Welsh national football team . Formed in 2011 , the band 's name is a homage to retired Welsh footballer Barry Horne . The band has a five-point mission statement called the Barryfesto , which notes that the band exists in order  to unite Welsh football with the power of horns  to put tunes on the terraces  to bring hope where there is mathematical impossibility  to replace plastic hooters with brass ones  to win at life when we ca n't win at football .   Musically the band play a variety of songs , many of which are associated with Wales and/or football , including `` Ca n't Take My Eyes Off You '' , `` Just Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Pick Up the Pieces '' .   The Barry Horns ' first public appearance was outside the Wales v England World Cup Qualifying match in Cardiff on 26 March 2011 . They also appeared at the Welsh Cup Final in the same year , which was broadcast on S4C .   Their other media appearances include performing on BBC1 's flagship football programme Football Focus , BBC Radio Five Live and in a short promotional campaign for BBC Wales ' coverage of Welsh national football . In December 2011 , they were the house band on the Jamie and Louise programme on BBC Radio Wales , playing a variety of Christmas related songs including an interpretation of East 17 's ` Stay Another Day ' .   In February 2012 , The Barry Horns released a video for their version of the Rocky theme , which they recorded as the anthem for Wales 's World Cup 2014 qualifying campaign . The video featured members of the band in various training scenarios as a parody of the training montage from the film .   In December 2013 , the band released a cover of the song `` Only You '' , 30 years after the cover by The Flying Pickets had earned a Christmas Number 1 . The recording failed to make the UK charts but proceeds were donated to the charity Prostate Cymru , with a dedication made to the Flying Pickets ' lead vocalist , Brian Hibbard , who died of prostate cancer in 2012 . A music video released on YouTube paid homage to the original Pickets video from 1983 .

neg: The Ireland That We Dreamed Of `` On Language & the Irish Nation '' , was the title of a radio address made by Éamon de Valera , then Taoiseach of Ireland , on Raidió Éireann on St. Patrick 's Day ( 17 March ) 1943 . It is often called The Ireland that we dreamed of , a phrase which is used within it , or the `` comely maidens '' ' speech , a misquotation . The speech marked the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Gaelic League ( Conradh na Gaeilge ) , a group promoting Irish culture and the Irish language . In the most frequently quoted passage of the speech , de Valera set out his vision of an ideal Ireland :   De Valera had made an annual radio speech on St Patrick 's Day since coming to power after the 1932 election . At the time the 1943 speech was made , the Second World War was raging and the threat of German invasion ( Operation Green ) or British re-occupation ( Plan W ) was very real .   The 1943 speech in later years has been critiqued and often derided as archetypal of de Valera 's traditionalist view of an isolationist , agricultural land where women held a traditional role . The phrase most commonly cited in this regard is the misquotation `` comely maidens dancing at the crossroads '' . The speech in fact made no mention of crossroads dances , a rural tradition then dying out . Although de Valera actually said `` happy maidens '' in the broadcast , the phrase was `` comely maidens '' in the prepared text sent in advance to the newspapers , printed in the following day 's Irish Press , and reprinted in Maurice Moynihan 's 1980 anthology . It was a double LP record of speeches from the RTÉ archives , released in 1982 on the centenary of his birth , which brought the correct wording back to public notice .   In 2007 , J. J. Lee and Diarmaid Ferriter argued for a reappraisal of the speech in the light of the Celtic Tiger consumption bubble and the Moriarty Tribunal revelations of corruption by 1980s Taoiseach Charles Haughey . Lee suggested de Valera 's `` Victorian language '' gave his vision an antiquated tone that hid the continuing relevance of much of its vision . Ferriter called it `` the most famous broadcast by any Irish politician of the twentieth century '' .

neg: John Jeffery James John Jeffery ( born 26 February 1945 ) is a former Wales rugby union international .

neg: Together Stronger (C'mon Wales) `` Together Stronger ( C'mon Wales ) '' is a song by Manic Street Preachers , released as a single in May 2016 . This song is the official song for the Wales national team ahead of UEFA Euro 2016 . All profits from the song will go to the Princes Gate Trust and Tenovus Cancer Care .   On the week of its release the single failed to make the UK top 100 singles yet managed to chart at No. 1 on the physical singles releases .

neg: Jimmy Rollins James Calvin Rollins ( born November 27 , 1978 ) , nicknamed `` J-Roll '' , is an American professional baseball shortstop who is currently a free agent . In past years he played for the Philadelphia Phillies from 2000 to 2014 , the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2015 , and the Chicago White Sox in 2016 .   After growing up in Alameda , California , and attending Encinal High School , Rollins was drafted by the Phillies in the second round of the 1996 MLB draft , spending most of five seasons with Phillies minor league teams before earning a promotion to the MLB team .   In Philadelphia , Rollins earned a reputation as an excellent defensive shortstop . In July 2001 , Rollins became the Phillies ' leadoff hitter , a role he retained for almost ten years . He made three All-Star Game appearances early in his career . While a Phillie , Rollins compiled a 38-game hitting streak , which spanned the end of the 2005 season and the start of the 2006 season , the longest in team history . Rollins was named the National League Most Valuable Player in 2007 , as the Phillies won their division in the first of five consecutive seasons . He was also a key component of the 2008 World Series champion team . In his final season with the Phillies , he became the franchise 's all-time leader in hits . During the offseason , he was traded to the Dodgers for the 2015 season .

neg: The Girlfriends The Girlfriends were an American girl group who scored one hit in the United States in 1964 , `` My One and Only Jimmy Boy '' .   The group was founded as a result of the splintering of the Los Angeles-based studio group The Blossoms . The four members of the Blossoms - Gloria Jones , Nanette Williams , Fanita James , and Darlene Wright - first sang together in 1957 . In 1962 , Phil Spector created the group Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans with James and Wright ; Jones and Williams then formed their own group , The Girlfriends , with Carolyn Willis ( formerly of The Ikettes ) . They released one single , `` My One and Only Jimmy Boy '' , on Colpix Records in 1963 , written and produced by David Gates . The record peaked at # 49 in 1964 . The Girlfriends never released another record . Willis later joined Honey Cone and both she and Jones sang in one of the nostalgia-circuit groups performing as The Shirelles in the 1990s .

neg: Jimmywork Jimmywork is a 2004 mockumentary film written and directed by Simon Sauvé and produced by Atopia .   On the eve of his 50th birthday Jimmy W finds himself at the cross roads of his existence . For him it 's now or never . The time has come to become rich and maybe even famous . Pretending to be an American Producer , he offers his services to the St-Tite Rodeo to develop an ad campaign to attract American tourists . Charmed as much by his demeanor as well as by his proposition , the Rodeo organizers call him in for a meeting to present his project . The meeting turns out to be a complete fiasco . Suspicious about Jimmy , they politely turn him down . Jimmy returns home furious and determined to get his revenge . Operating from his kitchen , he plans an elaborate scheme to extort the beer stock from the Rodeo valued at a quarter of million dollars .

neg: Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture .   British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital .   The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine .   The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .

neg: Non-Hispanic whites Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin or `` Anglo '' '' ' , '' are people in the United States who , as defined by the Census Bureau , are considered racially white and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity . Non-Hispanic whites are a subcategory of white Americans , the other being white Hispanic and Latino Americans .   Although generally all nations in Europe have contributed to the white population through emigration to Northern America in the last few centuries , the majority of non-Hispanic whites trace their origins to Northwestern Europe while other major sources originate in Southern and Eastern Europe ; German , Irish , and English ancestries are the most common .   In the United States , this population was first derived from English ( and , to a lesser degree , French ) settlement of the Americas , as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century ( see History of the United States ) . Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries , especially Germany , Ireland , England , Spain , Greece , Sweden and Norway , as well as Poland , Russia , and many more countries . In 2011 , for the first time in U.S. history , non-Hispanic whites accounted for under half of the births in the country , with 49.6 % of total births . At 197.2 million in 2012 , non-Hispanic whites comprise 62.8 % of the total U.S. population .

neg: Jimmy Dean Jimmy Ray Dean ( August 10 , 1928 -- June 13 , 2010 ) was an American country music singer , television host , actor , and businessman , best known today as the creator of the Jimmy Dean sausage brand . He became a national television personality starting on CBS in 1957 . He rose to fame for his 1961 country crossover hit `` Big Bad John '' and his 1963 ABC television series , The Jimmy Dean Show , which also gave puppeteer Jim Henson his first national media exposure . His acting career included a supporting role as Willard Whyte in the James Bond movie , Diamonds Are Forever ( 1971 ) . He lived near Richmond , Virginia , and was nominated for the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2010 , although he was formally inducted posthumously .

neg: 1968 Wales rugby union tour of Argentina The 1968 Wales rugby union tour of Argentina was a collection of friendly rugby union games undertaken by the Wales national rugby union team to Argentina . The tour also took in five matches against Argentine regional and invitational teams with one test against South Africa . This was the first official Wales tour to the southern hemisphere .   It was the first Welsh tour in Argentina : before only South Africa , Ireland and France national teams , visited Argentina and South America .   Despite the fact that the Welsh Rugby Union did n't considered them as official , the two matches against Argentina national team were official test matches for Argentina .   It was a big surprise that the `` Pumas '' won the series with a victory and a draw .

neg: The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 .   The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles .   The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago .   The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) .   The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 .   Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . ''   Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) .   The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .

neg: Seven Nations (band) Seven Nations is a Celtic rock band that formed in New York City in 1993 . The name comes from the seven Celtic nations , including Scotland , Ireland , Wales , Brittany , Cornwall , the Isle of Man , and Galicia . The band tours extensively and has played in many diverse venues , from small bars to concert halls .

neg: Jane Wales Jane Wales ( born 1948 ) is an American executive who has served on the boards of directors of many institutions . In 2015 , she is the CEO of the Global Philanthropy Forum , President and CEO of the World Affairs Council and Vice President of Philanthropy and Society at the Aspen Institute . Wales is Board Chair of FSG and a member of the board of Center for a New American Security . She also hosts the NPR interview show `` World Affairs '' , produced through KQED-FM .

neg: J. C. Banks Jimmy `` J. C. '' Banks ( born August 24 , 1989 in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Jacksonville Armada FC in the North American Soccer League .

neg: Jimmy Jump Jaume Marquet i Cot ( -LSB- ˈʒawmə mərˈkɛt i kɔt -RSB- ) , more popularly known as Jimmy Jump , born on 14 March 1976 , is a Spanish streaker from Sabadell , Catalonia , Spain , known for interfering in several major entertainment and sporting events .

neg: Wales House Wales House may refer to :   in Belgium  Wales House ( Brussels ) , the National Assembly of Wales ' office in Belgium   in the United States  Mary Anne Wales House , Dublin , New Hampshire , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP )  Wales House ( Hyde Park , New York ) , NRHP-listed  Wales ( Petersburg , Virginia ) , a historic house and plantation , NRHP-listed  North Wales ( Warrenton , Virginia ) , a historic house and plantation , NRHP-listed

neg: Josey Wales Josey Wales , born Joseph Winston Sterling in St. Mary , Jamaica is an influential Jamaican dancehall deejay . He was considered , along with Brigadier Jerry , Yellowman and sound system partner Charlie Chaplin , one of the best deejays of the 1980s . Wales is named after the 1976 Western movie character from The Outlaw Josey Wales , played by Clint Eastwood , and subsequently nicknamed `` The Outlaw '' .   His career began in the late 1970s performing over U-Roy-owned King Sturgav sound system , and he gained even more popularity in the early 1980s performing over Henry `` Junjo '' Lawes 's Volcano sound system , and recording singles such as `` Bobo Dread '' and `` Leggo Mi Hand '' for Lawes ' label of the same name as well as later hits for George Phang 's Power House label , most noticeably `` Undercover Lover '' .   He was shot and robbed in 1997 , an incident that he dealt with in the hit `` Bushwacked '' .   He appeared in Shaggy 's `` Bad Man Do n't Cry '' video , and by 2014 had begun recording new material .


query: Jeff Bezos was born.

pos: Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos ( -LSB- ˈbeɪzoʊs -RSB- born Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen ; January 12 , 1964 ) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur , investor , and philanthropist who is best known as the founder , chairman , and chief executive officer of Amazon.com , which is the world 's largest online shopping retailer . The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services , most recently video streaming and audio streaming . Amazon.com is currently the world 's largest Internet sales company on the World Wide Web , as well as being the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services , through its Amazon Web Services arm .   Bezos 's other diversified business interests include aerospace and newspapers . He is the founder and manufacturer of Blue Origin ( founded in 2000 ) with test flights to space which started in 2015 , and plans for commercial suborbital human spaceflight beginning in 2018 . In 2013 , Bezos purchased The Washington Post newspaper . A number of other business investments are managed through Bezos Expeditions .   With an estimated net worth of US$ 82 billion as of May 2017 , Bezos is currently the third-richest person in the world , just behind Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega in first and second places , and just ahead of Warren Buffett in fourth place . His rise to this position occurred after Amazon registered a 67 % jump in share price .

neg: Jeff Berlin Jeffrey Arthur Berlin ( born January 17 , 1953 ) is an American jazz fusion bassist .

neg: John Doerr L. John Doerr ( born June 29 , 1951 ) is an American venture capitalist at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers in Menlo Park , California , in Silicon Valley . In February 2009 , Doerr was appointed a member of the President 's Economic Recovery Advisory Board to provide the President and his administration with advice and counsel in trying to fix America 's economic downturn . , Forbes ranked Doerr as the 135th richest person in the world , with a net worth of US $ 4.1 billion .

neg: Jeff Fager Jeff Fager ( born December 10 , 1954 ) is the former Chairman of CBS News and the current Executive Producer of 60 Minutes , the hour-long CBS news magazine created in 1968 .

neg: Jeff Bewkes Jeffrey Lawrence `` Jeff '' Bewkes ( born May 25 , 1952 ) is an American media executive . He has been CEO of Time Warner since January 1 , 2008 , President since December 2005 , and Chairman of the Board since January 1 , 2009 .

neg: Jerry Greenfield Jerry Greenfield ( born March 14 , 1951 ) is an American businessman and philanthropist . He is a co-founder of Ben & Jerry 's Homemade Holdings , Inc. .   Throughout his childhood , Greenfield lived in New York City , on Long Island . In 1969 , he enrolled at Oberlin College , where he followed a pre-med curriculum before graduating in 1973 . He applied unsuccessfully for medical school in two successive years , 1973 and 1974 .   In 1978 Greenfield and his friend Ben Cohen opened Ben and Jerry 's Homemade ice cream scoop shop in an old gas station in downtown Burlington , Vermont . The company has since opened almost 200 franchised shops and reports earnings of $ 237 million annually .

neg: Riley P. Bechtel Riley Peart Bechtel ( CBE ) ( born March 25 , 1952 ) is an American heir and businessman . He serves as the Chairman of the Bechtel Corporation .

neg: Richard King Mellon Richard King Mellon ( June 19 , 1899 -- June 3 , 1970 ) , commonly known as R.K. , was an American financier , general , and philanthropist from the Pittsburgh suburb of Ligonier , Pennsylvania .

neg: James Bessen James Bessen ( born 1950 ) is an economist who has been a Lecturer at Boston University School of Law since 2004 , and was previously a software developer and CEO of a software company . Bessen was also a Fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society .   Bessen researches the economics of innovation , including patents and economic history . He has written about software patents with Eric Maskin , arguing that they might inhibit innovation rather than stimulate progress . With Michael J. Meurer , he wrote Patent Failure : How Judges , Bureaucrats , and Lawyers Put Innovators at Risk as well as papers on patent trolls . His book Learning by Doing : The Real Connection Between Innovation , Wages , and Wealth argues that major new technologies require new skills and knowledge that are slow and difficult to develop , affecting jobs and wages .   Bessen developed the first WYSIWYG desktop publishing program at a community newspaper in Philadelphia in 1983 . He established and ran a company , Bestinfo , to sell that program commercially . In 1993 , Bestinfo was sold to Intergraph .

neg: Bill Kincaid William S. `` Bill '' Kincaid ( born March 10 , 1956 ) is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur notable for creating the MP3 player SoundJam MP with Jeff Robbin that was eventually bought by Apple and renamed iTunes .

neg: Jeff Jones (music industry executive) Jeff Jones is a music industry executive best known as the CEO of Apple Corps , the company founded by The Beatles . Jones was formerly an Executive Vice President at Sony/BMG , where he managed Sony 's recorded catalogs , including repackaging classic albums .   At Apple Corps he has overseen Beatles projects such as the launch of TheBeatles.com , the release of the band 's remastered catalog on CD , iTunes , and vinyl , the DVD and Blu-Ray releases of Help ! , Yellow Submarine and Magical Mystery Tour , The Beatles : Rock Band , and the Cirque du Soleil collaboration , including the Grammy-winning Love album .   He also produced the compilations The Beatles in Mono and The Beatles Stereo Box Set , for which he won the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Historical Album .

neg: Jeffery Jones (mayor) Jeffery Jones ( born February 8 , 1958 ) is the former Mayor of Paterson , the third largest city in New Jersey . He served from 2010 to 2014 .

neg: Irvine Company The Irvine Company is an American private company focused on real estate development . It is headquartered in Newport Center , California , with a large portion of its operations centered in and around Irvine , California , a planned city of 250,000 people mainly designed by the Irvine Company . The company was founded by the Irvine family and is currently wholly owned by Donald Bren . Since the company is private , its financials are not released to the public . However , Donald Bren is the richest real estate developer in the United States , valued at $ 15.2 billion .

neg: Marc Rowan Marc J. Rowan ( born August 19 , 1962 ) is an American billionaire businessman and co-founder of the private equity firm Apollo Global Management .

neg: Jordan Ritter Jordan Ritter ( born February 1 , 1978 ) is an American serial entrepreneur , software architect and angel investor .

neg: Jeff Bates (technologist) Jeff Bates , also known as hemos , is the co-founder of Slashdot along with Rob Malda ( `` CmdrTaco '' ) . Bates graduated from Holland Christian High School in 1994 and received a Bachelor 's degree in History from Hope College in 1998 .   Malda and Bates created Slashdot in 1997 , while undergraduates at Hope College . In 1999 they sold the site to Andover.net , which was acquired by VA Linux Systems in 2000 ( which became SourceForge , Inc. in 2007 , then Geeknet , Inc. in 2009 ) .   Bates served as Director of Media Operations for Geeknet from May 2001 through July 2004 , when he became Vice President of Editorial Operations and Executive Editor of Slashdot . In February 2008 he became Geeknet 's Vice President of Platform and headed the core engineering and product teams for Slashdot , freshmeat , and SourceForge .  On August 4th , 2005 , Bates had a son named Josiah .  In August 2011 , Bates joined Google . He continues to work at Google as Chief of Staff for the CIO .

neg: Boris Jordan Boris Jordan ( Борис Алексеевич Йордан , born June 2 , 1966 ) is an American businessman of Russian origin . He speaks both English and Russian fluently .   An American of Russian ancestry , Boris Jordan assisted Russia 's economic transition to capitalism in the early 1990s , assisting in the launch of the Russian stock market and the privatization of state assets . Later appointed chief executive of Russia 's Gazprom Media as well as general director of its NTV television network , Jordan was forced to resign in early 2003 under political pressure .   In 2001-2003 he was the CEO of the Russian TV channel NTV and also the CEO of Gazprom Media , a subsidiary media holding of Gazprom ( now of Gazprombank ) that owned NTV , TNT , NTV Plus , five popular radio stations ( including Echo of Moscow ) , numerous widely circulated news and entertainment publications , and two premier movie theaters in Moscow and St. Petersburg .   From 1992 to 1995 , Boris Jordan was Managing Director of the Moscow office of CS First Boston . During his tenure , CS First Boston became a leading investment bank in Russia , engaged in privatization , corporate finance and securities trading .   Boris Jordan was one of the founders of Renaissance Capital investment group ( founded in 1995 ) along with New Zealander Stephen Jennings . He is also the President and CEO of the Sputnik Group Ltd. , which he launched in 1998 . The Sputnik Group is a diversified holding company , which used to manage the Sputnik Funds , the largest foreign private-equity funds invested in Russia . Currently , The Sputnik Group owns proprietary investments in the Russian insurance ( Renaissance Insurance ) , forestry , telecommunications and media sectors -- as well as a number of investments in foreign companies .   Since 2007 Mr. Jordan is a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and a member of The Board Of Trustees of New York University . At New York University Mr Jordan founded The Jordan Center for the Advance Center of Russia .

neg: Edward Turner Jeffery Edward Turner Jeffery ( April 6 , 1843 -- 1927 ) was an American railroad executive .   His 1922 entry in the Biographical Directory of the Railway Officials of America reads thus :   Ex-Chairman , Board of Directors , Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad .   Office : New York , New York .   Born : April 6 , 1843 , in Liverpool , England , Great Britain .   Entered railway service : October , 1856 , since which time he has been consecutively October , 1856 , to December , 1856 , office boy for superintendent machinery , Illinois Central Railroad ; December , 1856 , to February , 1857 , apprentice in shops , same road , at Chicago , Illinois ; July , 1858 , to July , 1859 , office boy in superintendent of machinery , same road ; 1859 to 1863 , apprentice in office of mechanical draftsman , same road ; 1863 to 1871 , mechanical draftsman and secretary to superintendent machinery , same road ; February 1 , 1871 , to May 4 , 1877 , assistant superintendent machinery , same road ; May 4 , 1877 , to December 15 , 1885 , general superintendent and chief engineer ; December 15 , 1885 , to September 2 , 1889 , general manager , same road ; October 1 , 1891 , to January , 1912 , president , Denver and Rio Grande ; January , 1912 , to January , 1917 , chairman , board of directors , same road ; October , 1891 , to June , 1900 , also general manager , same road ; August 2 , 1893 , to November 30 , 1895 , also receiver , Rio Grande Southern Railroad ; July 1 , 1901 , to January , 1912 , president , Rio Grande Western Railway ; June 23 , 1905 , to July , 1913 , also president , Western Pacific Railroad ; July , 1913 , to January , 1917 , chairman , board of directors , same road , retired on latter date . For his contributions to American railroad management Jeffery is listed by the Smithsonian Institutions ' John H. White , Jr. , as one of America 's most noteworthy railroaders .

neg: Koos Bekker Jacobus Petrus `` Koos '' Bekker ( born 14 December 1952 ) is chairman of leading emerging markets media group Naspers .  The company operates in 130 countries and is listed on the London and Johannesburg Stock Exchanges , and has the largest market capitalization of any media company outside the US and China .

neg: Jim Koch C. James `` Jim '' Koch ( pronounced -LSB- kʊk -RSB- , `` cook '' ; born May 27 , 1949 ) is an American entrepreneur , the co-founder and chairman of the Boston Beer Company , the producers of Samuel Adams beer .

neg: Zev Siegl Zev Siegl ( born April 25 , 1955 in Alameda , California ) is an American entrepreneur .


query: Laura Linney was in The Truman Show.

pos: Laura Linney Laura Leggett Linney ( born February 5 , 1964 ) is an American actress . A three-time Academy Award nominee and four-time Tony Award nominee , she won her first Emmy Award in 2002 for Wild Iris ( 2001 ) , and had subsequent wins for Frasier ( 2003 -- 04 ) and John Adams ( 2008 ) . From 2010 -- 13 , she starred in the Showtime series The Big C , which won her a fourth Emmy in 2013 . She is also a two-time Golden Globe Award winner .   Linney made her Broadway debut in 1990 , before going on to receive Tony Award nominations for the 2002 revival of The Crucible , the original Broadway productions of Sight Unseen ( 2004 ) and Time Stands Still ( 2010 ) , as well as the 2017 revival of The Little Foxes . She made her screen debut in the 1992 film Lorenzo 's Oil , and went on to receive Academy Award nominations for You Can Count on Me ( 2000 ) , Kinsey ( 2004 ) and The Savages ( 2007 ) . Her other films include Primal Fear ( 1996 ) , The Truman Show ( 1998 ) , Mystic River ( 2003 ) , Love Actually ( 2003 ) and The Squid and the Whale ( 2005 ) .

pos: The Truman Show The Truman Show is a 1998 American satirical comedy-drama science fiction film directed by Peter Weir , produced by Scott Rudin , Andrew Niccol , Edward S. Feldman , and Adam Schroeder , and written by Niccol . The film stars Jim Carrey as Truman Burbank , adopted and raised by a corporation inside a simulated television show revolving around his life , until he discovers it and decides to escape ; additional roles are provided by Laura Linney , Noah Emmerich , Natascha McElhone , Holland Taylor , and Ed Harris .   The Truman Show was originally a spec script by Niccol , inspired by an episode of The Twilight Zone called `` Special Service '' . Unlike the finished product , it was more of a science-fiction thriller , with the story set in New York City . Scott Rudin purchased the script , and set up production at Paramount Pictures . Brian De Palma was to direct before Weir signed as director , making the film for $ 60 million -- $ 20 million less than the original estimate . Niccol rewrote the script while the crew was waiting for Carrey to sign . The majority of filming took place at Seaside , Florida , a master-planned community located in the Florida Panhandle .   The film was a financial success , debuting to critical acclaim , and earned numerous nominations at the 71st Academy Awards , 56th Golden Globe Awards , 52nd British Academy Film Awards and The Saturn Awards . The Truman Show has been analyzed as a thesis on Christianity , metaphilosophy , simulated reality , existentialism and reality television .

neg: Laura Cunningham Laura Cunningham was an Irish singer/journalist/stylist from Dublin , Ireland , known for her role in Irish Traditional girl group Trinití . Trinití was signed to Universal Classics and Jazz in 2006 and released their self-titled album a year later .   After the group disbanded in early 2008 due to poor album sales , Cunningham began writing a syndicated 2 page style/beauty column for The Voice Newspaper Group . She was a fashion presenter for Ireland AM , TV3 's breakfast show , but has not appeared for a number of years for unknowns reasons , and wrote fashion for Glow Magazine . She was also radio fashion correspondent for SPIN 1038 and Dublin 's 98 , but also has not appeared for some time . Prior to her music career she worked in the AIB 's credit card department . Now serves as an editor for wedding magazine Confetti having been dropped by a previous employer who she also served as an editor for , in Belfast . She has had no TV or radio work , or released any new music material in a number of years . She recently launched the website Hippenings.com , which sells wedding and party products .   She has several social media accounts including Twitter , Instagram and Facebook .

neg: Kristin Chenoweth: My Love Letter to Broadway Kristin Chenoweth : My Love Letter to Broadway is a 2016 musical revue / concert , written for and starring American singer and actress Kristin Chenoweth . The show was directed by Richard Jay-Alexander , with musical direction by Mary Mitchell Campbell , and produced by James L. Nederlander . The show was a limited engagement of 12 performances at Broadway 's Lunt-Fontanne Theatre from November 2 through 13 , 2016 .

neg: P.S. (film) P.S. is a 2004 drama film directed by Dylan Kidd . The screenplay by Kidd and Helen Schulman is based on Schulman 's 2001 novel p.s. . The film stars Laura Linney and Topher Grace .

neg: Laura Ingraham Laura Anne Ingraham ( born June 19 , 1963 ) is an American radio talk show host , author , and conservative political commentator . Her nationally syndicated talk show , The Laura Ingraham Show , airs throughout the United States on Courtside Entertainment . Ingraham is also the official guest host on Fox News Channel 's The O'Reilly Factor and a contributor on This Week on ABC . She is also the editor-in-chief of LifeZette .

neg: List of The Mysteries of Laura episodes The Mysteries of Laura is an American police procedural comedy-drama television series developed by Jeff Rake and executive-produced Greg Berlanti and McG . The series premiered on September 17 , 2014 , on NBC . The Mysteries of Laura stars Debra Messing in the lead role of Detective Laura Diamond , a New York City homicide detective who balances her day job with off-duty hours as a single mother of two unruly sons . On May 8 , 2015 , The Mysteries of Laura was renewed for a second season of 13 episodes , which premiered on September 23 , 2015 . On November 9 , 2015 , NBC ordered three additional episodes for the second season . On May 14 , 2016 , NBC canceled the show after two seasons .

neg: Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series .   The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense .   Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 .   In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .

neg: Laura Solon: Talking and Not Talking Laura Solon : Talking and Not Talking is a comedy sketch show created by British Perrier Award winning comedian , Laura Solon . The show was first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . Following her success with Kopfraper 's Syndrome : One Man and His Incredible Mind , Solon went on to create the show with the BBC . Like in her previous shows , Talking and Not Talking uses a variety of short sketches , featuring different characters , some recurring , some not . The show was voted on the British Comedy Guide website as the `` Best British Radio Sketch Show of 2008 '' .   The first series was broadcast between 10 January 2007 and 14 February 2007 . The second series was broadcast between 28 May 2008 and 2 July 2008 . The third series was recorded in April and May 2009 and began broadcasting on 18 November 2009 .

neg: Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast .   In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run .   Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy .   Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes .   It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle .   Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .

neg: Laura van den Berg Laura van den Berg is an American writer .

neg: L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 .   Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff .   In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles .   The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .

neg: List of Harry's Law episodes Harry 's Law is an American legal comedy-drama television series created by David E. Kelley , which premiered on NBC on January 17 , 2011 . The show revolves around Harriet Korn ( Kathy Bates ) , a recently fired patent lawyer , and her group of associates as they come together to form a unique law practice in a rundown shoe store in Cincinnati .

neg: Harry S Truman Building The Harry S Truman Building is the headquarters of the United States Department of State . It is located in the national capital , Washington , D.C.   The Truman Building is located in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood at 2201 C Street , NW , bounded by C Street to the south , E Street , D Street , and Virginia Avenue to the north , 21st Street to the east , and 23rd Street to the west . It is located to the west of Edward J. Kelly Park and north of the National Academy of Sciences building and the National Mall .   The Truman Building houses the office of the United States Secretary of State .

neg: Lily Tyler Lily Tyler ( previously Moore ) is a fictional character in the USA Network science fiction television series The 4400 .

neg: Hollywood Squares The Hollywood Squares is an American panel game show in which two contestants play tic-tac-toe to win cash and prizes . The show piloted on NBC in 1965 , and the regular series debuted in 1966 on the same network . The board for the game is a 3 × 3 vertical stack of open-faced cubes , each occupied by a celebrity seated at a desk and facing the contestants . The stars are asked questions by the host , and the contestants judge the truth of their answers to gain squares in the right pattern to win the game .   Although The Hollywood Squares was a legitimate game show , the game largely acted as the background for the show 's comedy in the form of joke answers ( called `` zingers '' ) , often given by the stars prior to their real answer . The show 's writers usually supplied the jokes . In addition , the stars were given the questions ' subjects and bluff ( plausible but incorrect ) answers prior to the show . The show was scripted in this sense , but the gameplay was not . In any case , as original host Peter Marshall would explain at the beginning of the Secret Square game , the celebrities were briefed prior to the show to help them with bluff answers , but they otherwise heard the actual questions for the first time as they were asked on air .   In 2013 , TV Guide ranked it at No. 7 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever .   Internationally , there are multiple versions under a variety of names ( see International versions below ) .

neg: Laurie Lea Schaefer Laurel Lea Schaefer ( born May 21,1949 in Bexley , Ohio , U.S. ) was Miss America 1972 . A native of Bexley , Ohio , Schaefer received a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree from Ohio University in June 1971 . Three months later she won the Miss America Pageant .   After Miss America , Laurel effectively parlayed her theatre arts and music degree into an extensive and varied entertainment career . Her training afforded her opportunities as a leading lady to notables such as : Howard Keel , John Davidson , Peter Marshall , Ed Ames , Joe Namath , Giorgio Tozzi , and Gorden MacRae . This reflect such productions as ; `` The Music Man '' , `` The Sound of Music '' , `` Camelot '' , `` South Pacific '' , `` Showboat '' , `` My Fair Lady '' , `` Oklahoma '' , `` Hello Dolly '' , `` Carousel '' , `` The King and I '' , `` Guys and Dolls '' , `` Anything Goes '' , `` Under the Yum-Yum Tree '' , `` Star-Spangled Girl '' , and `` Plaza Suite '' .   Laurel 's television work includes a recurring role on `` Falcon Crest '' and guest starring roles on `` Matlock '' , `` L.A. Law '' , `` Quantum Leap '' , `` Love Boat '' , `` Three 's Company '' , `` Rockford Files '' . She is often recognized for her work in TV commercials and for a short time , she represented Campbell 's soup .   Laurel 's vocal career saw her performing the National Anthem at the Inaugural Concert for President Richard M. Nixon , headlining the Miss America USO Tour to Viet Nam and Thailand , entertaining on cruises with a one-woman show and touring `` Capturing the Heart of Gershwin '' Anniversary Concert where she received critical acclaim for vocal solos ranging from swing to blues to light opera .   For twenty-five years Laurel has worked as a commercial casting director and is owner of Creative Casting Services and is also a well-respected nationwide talent scout . In 1974 Laurel established Schaefer Consultants where she serves as a personal imaging and entertainment career consultant . Laurel is a published author and is highly sought after as a keynote speaker , corporate spokesperson , and infomercial host and media presenter .   Miss Schaefer is the recipient of many awards including The American Academy of Achievement - Gold Plate Award , Outstanding Alumni Award ( Ohio University ) , Tom Dooley Humanitarian Award , New Jersey and Ohio `` Woman of the Year '' Award , Ohio Governor 's Award , Bexley Alumni Association-Significant Achievement Award , President 's Award for Leadership from Zonta International and a listing in Who 's Who .

neg: Everybody Loves Raymond Everybody Loves Raymond is an American television sitcom starring Ray Romano , Patricia Heaton , Brad Garrett , Doris Roberts , Peter Boyle , Madylin Sweeten , and Monica Horan . It premiered on CBS on September 13 , 1996 , and concluded on May 16 , 2005 after nine seasons . Many of the situations from the show could be inspired by the real-life experiences of Romano , creator/producer Phil Rosenthal , and the show 's writing staff . The main characters on the series might possibly be loosely based on Romano and Rosenthal 's real-life family members .

neg: Truman (2015 film) Truman is a 2015 Spanish-Argentine comedy-drama film directed by Cesc Gay and co-written by Gay and Tomàs Aragay . The film stars Ricardo Darín , Javier Cámara , and Dolores Fonzi .   It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival and in the Official Section of the 2015 San Sebastián International Film Festival , where it was awarded the Silver Shell for Best Actor for Darín and Cámara . It won five Goya Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor ( Darín ) , and Best Supporting Actor ( Cámara ) .

neg: Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .

neg: Laura Krey Laura Letitia Smith Krey ( December 18 , 1890 - November 8 , 1985 ) was an American author from Texas . Her 1938 historical novel And Tell of Time was a bestseller that year .

neg: 9 to 5 (TV series) 9 to 5 is an American sitcom based on the 1980 film of the same name that aired on ABC from March 25 , 1982 to October 27 , 1983 , and in first-run syndication from September 13 , 1986 to September 10 , 1988 .   9 to 5 features Rachel Dennison , Dolly Parton 's younger sister , in Parton 's role of Doralee Rhodes ; Rita Moreno portrayed the Lily Tomlin role of Violet Newstead , and Valerie Curtin took the Jane Fonda role of Judy Bernly . In the truncated third season , Curtin 's Judy Bernly was replaced with Leah Ayres as secretary Linda Bowman . In the second version of the show , Sally Struthers replaced Moreno , and Curtin returned as Judy . A total of 82 episodes were filmed . The first season was on film in front of a studio audience but switched to videotape for the next season .


query: There are 100 Senators and 435 Representatives in US Congress.

pos: United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands .   The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .

neg: Plural district A plural district was a district in the United States House of Representatives that was represented by more than one member . States using this method elected multiple members from some of their geographically defined districts , either on a single ballot ( block voting ) or on separate concurrent ballots for each seat ( conducting multiple plurality elections ) .   This method was used to give more populous counties additional representation without dividing them into multiple districts - voters were instead allowed to either vote in several elections or to vote for a slate of candidates . It was a system used mostly in Maryland , New York and Pennsylvania until prohibited by the 1842 Apportionment Bill and subsequent legislation .

neg: List of United States Representatives from New York The following is a list of members of the United States House of Representatives from the state of New York . For chronological tables of members of both houses of the United States Congress from the state ( through the present day ) , see United States Congressional Delegations from New York . The list of names should be complete as of January 3 , 2017 , but other data may be incomplete .

neg: List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 5th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 5th United States Congress listed by seniority . For the most part , representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office .   As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 5th Congress ( March 4 , 1797 -- March 3 , 1799 ) . Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members .   This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority . It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress . In the absence of information to the contrary , it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 5th Congress .

neg: Montana House of Representatives The Montana House of Representatives is , with the Montana Senate , one of the two houses of the Montana Legislature . Composed of 100 members , the House elects its leadership every two years .

neg: New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament , along with the Sovereign ( represented by the Governor-General ) . The House passes all laws , provides ministers to form a Cabinet , and supervises the work of the Government . It is also responsible for adopting the state 's budgets and approving the state 's accounts .   The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body , usually consisting of 120 members ( currently 119 though recently had 121 with an overhang ) known as members of Parliament ( MPs ) . Members are elected for limited terms , holding office until Parliament is dissolved ( a maximum of three years ) . A government is formed from the party or coalition with the majority of MPs . If no majority is possible then a minority government can be formed with a confidence and supply arrangement .   The House of Representatives was created by the British New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , which established a bicameral legislature ; however the upper chamber , the Legislative Council , was abolished in 1951 . Parliament received full control over all New Zealand affairs in 1947 with the passage of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act .   The debate chamber of the House of Representatives is located inside Parliament House in Wellington , the capital city . Sittings of the House are usually open to the public , but the House may at any time vote to sit in private .

neg: Statewide legislative elections in the United States, 2010 The 2010 statewide legislative elections were held on November 2 , 2010 , halfway through President Barack Obama 's first term in office . Elections were held for 88 legislative chambers , with all states but Louisiana , Mississippi , New Jersey and Virginia holding elections in at least one house . Kansas , New Mexico and South Carolina held elections for their lower , but not upper houses .   Republicans scored record gains , gaining at least 680 total seats and taking control of 19 legislative chambers , while the Democrats lost at least 21 chambers .   The winners of this election cycle will serve in their respective legislatures for either a 2 or 4 year term , depending on state election rules .

neg: Ohio Senate The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly , the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio . The State Senate , which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus , first convened in 1803 . Senators are elected for four year terms , staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election . Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years . The President of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session , and is currently Larry Obhof .   Currently , the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats ; Senators are limited to two terms . Each Senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans , and each Senate District encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives Districts .

neg: Senate of Colombia The Senate of the Republic of Colombia ( Senado de la República de Colombia ) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia , with the lower house being the House of Representatives . The Senate has 102 members elected for concurrent ( non-rotating ) four-year terms .

neg: Colorado's congressional districts Colorado is divided into 7 congressional districts , each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives .   The districts are currently represented in the 115th United States Congress by 3 Democrats and 4 Republicans .

neg: List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 44th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 44th United States Congress listed by seniority .  As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 44th Congress ( March 4 , 1875 -- March 3 , 1877 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members .   Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman .   Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority .   Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .

neg: List of freshman class members of the 109th United States Congress The 109th United States Congress began on January 4 , 2005 . There were 9 new Senators ( 7R , 2D ) elected and 40 new Representatives ( 24R , 16D ) .

neg: United States House of Representatives elections, 2004 Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 109th Congress were held on November 2 , 2004 . The House of Representatives has 435 seats . It coincided with the reelection of President George W. Bush . In the 108th Congress , Republicans held 227 seats , Democrats held 205 , with two Republican vacancies and one independent . As a result of this election , the 109th Congress began composed of 232 Republicans , 201 Democrats , one independent ( who caucuses with the Democrats ) , and one vacancy ( Democratic Representative Bob Matsui won reelection , but died on January 1 , 2005 , just three days before the beginning of the 109th Congress . ) . The Republicans thereby built up their House majority by 3 seats ( gaining 8 but losing 5 ) .   Democrats gained open seats in Colorado , South Dakota ( through a 2004 special election ) and New York and ousting incumbents in Georgia and Illinois . Republicans gained an open seat in Kentucky and ousted an incumbent in Indiana . A pair of seats in Louisiana swapped party control . Republicans gained several redistricted seats in Texas .   On the same date were the 2004 Presidential election , the 2004 Senate election , and many state gubernatorial elections .

neg: Australian Senate The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia , the lower house being the House of Representatives . The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I , Part II of the Australian Constitution . There are a total of 76 senators : 12 senators are elected from each of the six states ( regardless of population ) and two from each of the two autonomous internal territories ( the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory ) . Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation .   Unlike upper Houses in most Westminster parliamentary systems , the Senate is vested with significant power , including the capacity to block all legislation , including Budget and Appropriation Bills , initiated by the government in the House of Representatives , making it a distinctive hybrid of British Westminster bicameralism and US-style bicameralism . As a result of proportional representation , the chamber features a multitude of parties vying for power . The governing party or coalition , which has to maintain the confidence of the lower house , rarely has a majority in the Senate and usually needs to negotiate with other parties and Independents to get legislation passed .   Senators normally serve fixed six-year terms ( from 1 July to 30 June ) , unless the Senate is dissolved earlier in a double dissolution . Following a double dissolution half the state senators serve terms ending on the third 30 June following the election ( i.e. slightly less than three years ) with the rest serving three years longer . The term of the territory senators expires at the same time as there is an election for the House of Representatives . There is no constitutional requirement for the election of senators to take place at the same time as those for members of the House of Representatives , though the government usually synchronises election dates .

neg: Florida Legislature The Florida Legislature is the two houses that act as the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida . The Florida Constitution states that `` The legislative power of the state shall be vested in a legislature of the State of Florida , '' composed of a Senate and House of Representatives . The legislature is seated at the Florida State Capitol in Tallahassee . Both chambers have been under Republican control since 1996 .   The Legislature is composed of 160 state legislators ( 120 in the House and 40 in the Senate ) . Members are term-limited to eight consecutive years ; however , there is no limit on the total number of terms ( after sitting out two years , a member may run again ) . The state legislature meets beginning in March for a period not to exceed 60 calendar days . Special sessions are called as needed .   Its statutes , called `` chapter laws '' or generically as `` slip laws '' when printed separately , are compiled into the Laws of Florida and are called `` session laws '' . The Florida Statutes are the codified statutory laws of the state .

neg: List of African-American United States Representatives The United States House of Representatives has had 139 elected African-American members , of which 133 have been Representatives from U.S. states and 6 have been Delegates from U.S. territories and the District of Columbia . The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress , which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States . The US Census Bureau defines African Americans as citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa . The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial ancestry in any of the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa . During the founding of the federal government , African Americans were consigned to a status of second-class citizenship or enslaved . No African American served in federal elective office before the ratification in 1870 of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution . The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen 's race , color , or previous condition of servitude .   Twenty-seven states ( plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia ) have sent an African-American representative to the U.S. House . Joseph Rainey was the first African-American representative to be seated in the U.S. House . He served South Carolina 's 1st congressional district beginning in 1870 during the Reconstruction Era following the American Civil War . Out of all 132 elected or appointed African-American members , 34 have been women . Fifteen states have sent African-American women to the U.S. House , the first being Shirley Chisholm from New York 's 12th congressional district in 1969 during the Civil Rights Movement . The current 114th Congress has a record 46 African-American Representatives or Delegates , including 20 African-American women . Many African-American members of the House of Representatives serve majority-minority districts . These congressional districts are gerrymandered , limit serious challenges to their re-election , and limit their abilities to represent a larger , more diverse constituency .

neg: List of freshman class members of the 113th United States Congress The 113th United States Congress began on January 3 , 2013 . As of November 11 , 2013 there are 14 new senators ( 3R , 10D , 1I ) and 70 new representatives ( 31R , 39D ) .

neg: United States House Rules Subcommittee on Rules and the Organization of the House The Subcommittee on Rules and Organization of the House is a subcommittee within the House Rules Committee   Under the Committee rules , as amended for the 110th Congress , the Rules and the Organization of the House subcommittee will have general responsibility for measures or matters related to relations between the two Houses of Congress , relations between the Congress and the Judiciary , and internal operations of the House .   This subcommittee has the primary responsibility for the continued examination of the committee structure and jurisdictional issues of all House Committees .   In the past , the subcommittee has considered measures dealing with `` fast track '' procedures for consideration of trade legislation , prohibitions on unfunded mandates , the recodification of the rules of the House , issues relating to a 21st-century Congress and the impact of technology on the process and procedures of the House .

neg: List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 41st Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 41st United States Congress listed by seniority .  As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 41st Congress ( March 4 , 1869 -- March 3 , 1871 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members .   Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman .   Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority .   Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .

neg: Nevada Assembly The Nevada Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature , the state legislature of the US state of Nevada . The body consists of 42 members , elected to two-year terms from single-member districts . Each Assembly district contained approximately 64,299 people as of the 2010 census . Term limits , limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms ( 12 years ) , took effect in 2010 . Twelve members of the Assembly were termed out with the 2010 election serving their last legislative session in 2011 .   The Assembly met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971 , when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol . The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Legislature . The lower house of the Legislature is referred to as an `` Assembly '' rather than the more common `` House of Representatives . ''   Since the 2012 session , Assembly districts have been formed by dividing the 21 Senate districts in half , so that each Assembly district is nested within a Senate district .

neg: List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 75th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 75th United States Congress listed by seniority.As an historical article , the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 75th Congress ( January 3 , 1937 -- January 3 , 1939 ) . Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members .   Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office . Since many members are sworn in on the same day , subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman .   Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority . However , party leadership is typically not associated with seniority .   Note : The '' * '' indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress .