query: Ryan Seacrest is a person.

pos: Ryan Seacrest Ryan John Seacrest ( born December 24 , 1974 ) is an American radio personality , television host and producer . He is best known for hosting the talent competition show American Idol , as well as the syndicated countdown program American Top 40 and the KIIS-FM morning radio show On Air with Ryan Seacrest . Seacrest began co-hosting Live with Kelly and Ryan on a permanent basis May 1 , 2017 .   He received Emmy Award nominations for American Idol , and won an Emmy for producing Jamie Oliver 's Food Revolution .

neg: Donald P. Ryan Donald P. Ryan ( born 1957 ) is an American archaeologist , Egyptologist , writer and a member of the Division of Humanities at Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma , Washington . His areas of research interest include Egyptian archaeology , Polynesian archaeology , the history of archaeology , the history of exploration , ancient languages and scripts and experimental archaeology . He is best known for his research in Egypt including excavations in the Valley of the Kings where he investigated the long-neglected undecorated tombs in the royal cemetery . His work there resulted in the rediscovery of the lost and controversial tomb KV60 , the re-opening of the long-buried KV21 with its two female and likely royal occupants , and tombs KV27 , KV28 , KV44 , KV 45 and KV 48 .   The mummy found within KV60 was identified as that of the female pharaoh Hatshepsut by Zahi Hawass and his Egyptian team in 2007 .   Between 1995 and 2002 , Ryan worked closely with the Norwegian explorer , archaeologist and writer Thor Heyerdahl ( 1914-2002 ) . Among their many projects , the two directed excavations at the site of the Pyramids of Guimar on Tenerife in the Canary Islands . Ryan has been entrusted with continuing some of the research aspects of Heyerdahl 's legacy .   Other research by Ryan includes investigations of ancient Egyptian cordage and other technologies , biographical studies of early archaeologists such as Giovanni Belzoni , studies of the influence of antiquity on culture and the arts , and the documentation of petroglyphs on the island of Hawaii .   As a writer and researcher , Ryan is the author of numerous scientific and popular articles on archaeological subjects . His books include volumes in the popular Complete Idiot 's Guide Series ( Lost Civilizations , Biblical Mysteries , Ancient Egypt and World of the Bible ) , A Shattered Visage Lies ... Nineteenth Century Poetry Inspired By Ancient Egypt , Ancient Egypt on Five Deben a Day , Ancient Egypt : The Basics , Ancient Egypt in Verse , and a memoir , Beneath the Sands of Egypt . He was a major contributor to `` Thor Heyerdahl 's Kon-Tiki in New Light '' and wrote the introduction to the new Norwegian edition of Heyerdahl 's `` Kon-Tiki '' . His television credits include `` The Face of Tutankhamun '' ( BBC-Television/A & E ) , `` Biography : Howard Carter '' ( A&E ) , `` Great Builders of Egypt '' ( A&E ) , `` Missing Mummies '' ( Learning Channel ) , `` Ancient Mysteries of the World : Easter Island '' ( PAX Network ) , and `` Secrets of Egypt 's Lost Queen '' ( Discovery Channel ) .   Ryan is a Fellow of The Explorers Club and the Royal Geographical Society , a founding member of the Scientific Committee of the Foundation for Exploration and Research on Cultural Origins , a mountaineering instructor , long-distance runner , and pianist .

neg: Harry Ryan (American football) Harry J. ( Cap ) Ryan ( died 1953 ) was an early professional football player for the Latrobe Athletic Association from 1895 until 1906 . He was also selected to be the first captain in that team 's history . He played alongside John Brallier who is considered the first openly professional football player . In 1897 he was named to the `` All Western Pennsylvania Team '' by The Pittsburg Times .   In 1898 , he was selected by Latrobe manager David Berry to play for the Western Pennsylvania All-Stars in the very first football all-star game , against the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club . Ryan also served as advisor to Berry until 1902 when he went to Philadelphia to start the first National Football League . Ryan would play in the league for the Philadelphia Phillies that year .

neg: Jim Ryan (American football) James Joseph Ryan ( born May 18 , 1957 ) is a former Linebackers coach and former National Football League linebacker for the Denver Broncos . He has three sons by his wife Sara : Sam , Jon and Ben .

neg: Ryan Gallagher Ryan Gallagher is a Scottish investigative journalist . He writes for The Intercept about security and civil liberties , reporting on classified documents leaked by former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden . He has previously worked for The Guardian , Slate , and the Financial Times .   In August 2014 , Gallagher revealed the existence of ICREACH , an NSA search engine that he alleged is `` the largest system for internally sharing secret surveillance records in the United States . '' In March 2014 , with Glenn Greenwald , he revealed a joint NSA and British Government Communications Headquarters program to infect millions of computers with malware , a report that prompted Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg to personally call U.S. President Barack Obama to complain .   In 2013 , Gallagher was threatened by a private security contractor while working on a story exposing the use of facial recognition technology at the Statue of Liberty in New York .   He is listed on the New America Foundation 's website as a Future Tense Fellow under a program that seeks `` to bring exceptionally promising new voices and ideas into the nation 's public discourse . ''

neg: Netlabels in Japan Since the mid-2000s , a counterculture has taken place where numerous netlabels , online labels that release their music for free , located in Japan have been formed and garnered a huge amount of publicity which , according to writer Patrick St. Michel , has shaped how popular Japanese music is produced . Japan 's netlabel phenomenon was the first time in the history of the nation 's music industry where underground musicians could produce their works however they wanted to and have their music noticed by the public ; this is an aspect that was previously absent at a time when major labels in the country followed a conservative method where they managed how artists would produce their music . Starting in the 2010s , the netlabel scene has crossed over to the mainstream music landscape and all across the world , with netlabel producers transitioning into working for bigger labels and western producers like Cashmere Cat and Ryan Hemsworth being influenced by the music of Japanese netlabels .

neg: Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous ( SLAA ) is a twelve-step program for people recovering from sex addiction and love addiction . SLAA was founded in Boston , Massachusetts in 1976 , by a member of Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) . Though he had been a member of AA for many years , he repeatedly acted out and was serially unfaithful to his wife . He founded SLAA as an attempt to stop his compulsive sexual and romantic behavior . SLAA is also sometimes known as the Augustine Fellowship , because early members saw many of their shared symptoms described by St. Augustine of Hippo in his work Confessions . COSLAA is another twelve-step fellowship created to support the family members and friends of sex and love addicts .   SLAA encourages members to identify their own `` bottom-line behaviors . '' The organization identifies these behaviors as `` any sexual or emotional act , no matter what its initial impulse may be , which leads to loss of control over rate , frequency , or duration of its occurrence or recurrence , resulting in spiritual , mental , physical , emotional , and moral destruction of oneself and others . '' Maintaining `` sobriety '' in the SLAA program requires abstaining from one 's bottom-line behaviors . However , these behaviors are never set in stone and may change as SLAA members continue in the program . Examples of bottom line behaviors might include sexual or romantic activity outside the scope of monogamous relationships , anonymous or casual sex , compulsive avoidance of intimacy or emotional attachment , one-night stands , compulsive masturbation , obsessive fantasy , compulsive attraction to unavailable or abusive partners , and a wide variety of addictive sexual , romantic , or avoidant behaviors .   Many of those practicing the SLAA recovery program develop the ability to engage in a healthy committed relationship . SLAA encourages recovery from sexual anorexia , emotional anorexia and social anorexia , three related areas of self-deprivation that lead to isolation and often accompany patterns of addictive behavior .   SLAA publishes the book Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous . It is approved by the organization for use in their fellowship . Feminist theorist Christine Saulnier criticized the SLAA book as fiercely defending individualization , that is dismissing the social and political circumstances under which sexual behaviors arise and are labeled deviant .

neg: Brent Ryan Green Brent Ryan Green ( born March 19 , 1984 ) is an American film director and producer .

neg: Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide .   The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting .   In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 .  The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount .   Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night .   Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City .   Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .

neg: Rob Ryan (businessman) Rob Ryan is the co-owner of the Las Vegas Locomotives and a member of the Board of Directors for the United Football League .

neg: Penncrest High School Penncrest High School is a public four-year comprehensive high school in Middletown Township , Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . The school is currently led by Principal Ralph Harrison who came to the position after serving as Assistant Principal for a number of years . The school offers more than 200 courses and 17 AP programs . Penncrest students score in the top 25 percent of the state on the PSSA.The high school boasts a 100 % graduation rate , with more than 90 % of the students continuing with higher education pursuits .   Penncrest is known for its awarding winning academic teams including its National Championship Envirothon Team , Delaware County and National Championship Hi-Q team , regional winning Physics Olympic Team , and National 4th Place Science Olympiad Team . In addition , the school supports a wide range of high quality co-curricular and athletic programs , through which the students are able to pursue their interests music , the creative and performing arts , world language , business education , and sports . The school also offers special programs that focus on community service . Examples include a successful annual blood drive , sponsored by the National Honor Society members and recognized by the American Red Cross , participation in Habitat for Humanity projects , and an annual Canned Food Drive .   In the past 5 years graduates have attended over 200 colleges , located in 40 states , the District of Columbia and in other countries . Penncrest 's curriculum emphasizes proficiency in essential skills and is among the top scoring school on the Pennsylvania State School Assessment in reading , math , science and writing . Students with unique behavioral or educational needs attend the district 's Simon Youth Academy , a unique alternative school program .

neg: Thomas Ryan (American football) Thomas Francis `` Tom '' Ryan was a college football player .

neg: Ridgecrest, Florida Ridgecrest is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Pinellas County , Florida , United States . The population was 2,558 at the 2010 census .

neg: Pinecrest Pinecrest is the name of a number of places in North America :

neg: Christopher Ryan (author) Christopher Ryan is an American author best known for co-authoring the book Sex at Dawn . He received a B.A. in English and American literature in 1984 and an M.A. and Ph.D. in psychology from Saybrook University , an accredited hybrid low-residency/online learning program based in San Francisco twenty years later . His masters thesis examined difference in specific personality measures between working fashion models and the general public . His doctoral dissertation analyzed the prehistoric roots of human sexuality , and was guided by the psychologist , Stanley Krippner , a humanistic psychologist , with additional committee members Sabrina Zirkel and Jürgen W. Kremer .   Ryan gave a TED talk in February 2013 , contributes to Psychology Today and has an interview podcast called Tangentially Speaking with Dr. Christopher Ryan .   He is married to his sometime collaborator and co-author of Sex at Dawn , Cacilda Jethá .

neg: Superstar Superstar is a term used to refer to some one who has great popular appeal and is widely known , prominent , or successful in some field . Celebrities referred to as `` superstars '' may include individuals who work as actors , actresses , musicians , athletes , and other media-based professions .

neg: Ryan Kelly (singer) Ryan John Kelly is an Irish singer .

neg: Ryan Lawrie Ryan Lawrie ( born 28 May 1996 ) is a Scottish singer-songwriter . He competed in the thirteenth series of the British version of The X Factor , coming sixth . He was mentored by Nicole Scherzinger .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: Ryan O'Quinn Ryan O'Quinn ( born March 6 , 1972 ) is an American television , film and voice actor , author and comedian .

neg: Brittany Shane Brittany Shane is an American singer-songwriter and musician based in Austin , Texas . The Wisconsin-born and raised songstress blends rock and pop with poetry . She got her start performing at The Fillmore in San Francisco , California in 2000 , playing acoustic in the Poster Room before acts such as The Wallflowers , Aimee Mann , Chris Isaak and Liz Phair graced the mainstage . After the release of her album , Have Heart Live Young ( 2010 ) , she opened for Heart , Foreigner and Peter Frampton as well as headlining her own local shows around the Bay Area .   Her first San Francisco released CD , Decked Out ( 2005 ) , was selected by Aidin Vaziri , of the San Francisco Chronicle , as one of his top local CDs of 2005 .   Her first two recordings , Out of the Everywhere ( 1999 ) and Moravian Star ( 2000 ) were released under her maiden name Brittany Safranek ( Shane is her middle name ) while attending the University of Wisconsin -- Madison .   Shane released her new CD Have Heart Live Young on her own ` Painted Lady Records ' in September 2010 .   Shane has worked with top-notch music makers , including Grammy-nominated mix engineer , Joe Chiccarelli and producer Zack Smith ( who founded the 1980s band Scandal ) . Her music suggests Brit cult group The Sundays , The Bangles , Beth Orton or Mazzy Star .   Several of the songs on Decked Out and Have Heart Live Young provide much of the score to the multi-award winning indie film , The Village Barbershop , starring John Ratzenberger ( Cliff Clavin from Cheers ) and Shelly Cole . The film , called `` warm , humorous and ingratiating '' by Variety , was released nationally in cinemas in March 2009 by -LSB- Monterey Media -RSB- .   Shane 's songs TV placements include : A national Hyundai commercial ( 2008 ) , Bad Girls Club ( Oxygen Channel ) ( 2008 ) , Living Lohan ( Oxygen Channel ) ( 2008 ) and Parking Wars ( A&E ) ( 2009 ) , Daytripper ( PBS ) ( 2013 ) , After Happily Ever After ( PBS ) ( 2013 ) , Rizzoli & Isles ( TNT ) ( 2014 ) .   She was a KFOG Radio Spotlight Artist in the fall of 2008 and the San Francisco Chronicle '' 's Fresh Artist in May 2008 .   Shane promoted her album Have Heart Live Young on her first US Tour from November 2009-August 2010 with 80 dates across the U.S. Aidin Vaziri featured her tour as a main music article in the Pink Pages of the San Francisco Chronicle .   She released her fifth album , Loud Nights On A Short String '' ( 2012 ) which was produced by Austin music greats Scrappy Jud Newcomb and George Reiff , who also played guitar and bass on the CD , along with Dony Wynn playing drums and Johnny Goudie on keyboards . Her new album is currently in rotation on radio KOOP .


query: Puerto Rico is not an unincorporated territory of the United States.

pos: Puerto Rico Puerto Rico ( Spanish for `` Rich Port '' ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , `` Free Associated State of Puerto Rico '' ) and briefly called Porto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea .   It is an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller ones such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . Its official languages are Spanish and English , though Spanish predominates . The island 's population is approximately 3.4 million . Puerto Rico 's rich history , tropical climate , diverse natural scenery , traditional cuisine , and attractive tax incentives make it a popular destination for travelers from around the world .   Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for the Crown of Castile , and it later endured invasion attempts from the French , Dutch , and British . Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the island 's ethnic , cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African slaves , and Canarian , and Andalusian settlers . In the Spanish imperial imagination , Puerto Rico played a secondary , but strategic role when compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and Mexico . Such a distant administrative control continued right up until the end of the 19th century helping to produce a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined elements from the Natives , Africans , and Iberian people . In 1898 , following the Spanish -- American War , the United States appropriated Puerto Rico together with most former Spanish colonies under the terms of the Treaty of Paris .   Puerto Ricans are considered natural-born citizens of the United States . However , Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress , which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950 . As a U.S. territory , American citizens residing on the island are disenfranchised at the national level and may not vote for president and vice president of the United States . However , Congress approved a local constitution , allowing U.S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor . A 2012 referendum showed a majority ( 54 % of those who voted ) disagreed with `` the present form of territorial status '' , with full statehood as the preferred option among those who voted for a change of status , although a significant number of people did not answer the second question from the referendum . A fifth referendum will be held in June 2017 , and `` Statehood '' and `` Independence/Free Association '' were initially the only available options . However , at the recommendation of the Department of Justice , a `` current territorial status '' option will be added .   In early 2017 , the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government . The outstanding bond debt had climbed to $ 70 billion at a time with 12.4 % unemployment . The debt had been increasing during a decade long recession . This was the second major financial crisis to affect the island after the Great Depression when the U.S. government , in 1935 , provided relief efforts through the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration . On May 3 , 2017 , Puerto Rico 's financial oversight board in the U.S. District Court in Puerto Rico filed the debt restructuring petition which was made under Title III of PROMESA .

neg: Statistical area (United States) The United States federal government defines and delineates the nation 's metropolitan areas for statistical purposes , using a set of standard statistical area definitions . As of 2013 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) defined and delineated 388 metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) and 541 micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) in the United States and Puerto Rico . Many of these 929 MSAs and μSAs are , in turn , components of larger combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) consisting of adjacent MSAs and μSAs that are linked by commuting ties ; as of 2013 , 524 metropolitan and micropolitan areas are components of the 169 defined CSAs .   Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas are defined as consisting of one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents with at least one urban core area meeting relevant population thresholds , plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core , as measured by commuting ties . A metropolitan statistical area has at least one urban core with a population of at least 50,000 . In a micropolitan statistical area , the largest urban core has a population of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 . __ TOC __

neg: Coconstitutionalism Coconstitutionalism is where two institutional cultures exist in a complex semi-autonomous relationship to each other . The model of asymmetrical devolution that has emerged in democratic Spain has been called `` coconstitutional '' in that it is neither a federal nor a unitary model of government : autonomous nation-regions exist alongside and within the Spanish nation-state in a relatively dynamic relationship .   Similarities to federalism are marked although a key difference lies in the legal status of a federal-state versus a notionally unitary coconstitutional one : in a federation , it is the states who legally transfer powers to the federal government ( bottom up ) whereas in a unitary state power is devolved from the nation-state down to the regions ( top down ) and can in theory be revoked . But in the case of Spain any such move by a future Spanish government could rekindle the Spanish Civil War , the truth is such a move would probably require a constitutional amendment . Certainly a statue of autonomy ( Spanish , Estatuto de autonomía ) can not be abrogated nor modified save by an initiative of an autonomous regional Parliament -- that being , of course , unlikely .   Since 1997 , the UK government has pursued a similar coconstitutional model of devolution with regard to its nation-regions .

neg: Territory (disambiguation) A territory is a subdivision of a country having a legal status different from other regions of that country .   Territory may also refer to :   Box office territory  Sales territory  Territoriality ( nonverbal communication ) , how people use space to communicate ownership/occupancy of areas and possessions  Subdivisions of a country having a legal status different from other regions of that country :  British Overseas Territories  Overseas territory ( France )  Provinces and territories of Canada , administrative subdivisions of Canada with fewer powers of self-government than provinces  States and territories of Australia , administrative subdivisions of Australia  Territoire de Belfort , a French département that retains its historical name from 1871-1999  Territories of the United States ( may be classified as incorporated organized territories , incorporated unorganized territories , unincorporated organized territories , and unincorporated unorganized territories )  Union territory , administrative subdivisions in India  Unorganized area ( Canada )

neg: List of Puerto Rican submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Puerto Rico is among the one-hundred countries that have submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue .   The Puerto Rican nominee is selected by the Corporación de Cine de Puerto Rico . However , the territory is no longer allowed to submit films due the Academy altering its rules to disqualify films from American protectorates .

neg: Puerto Rico, Caquetá Puerto Rico is a town and municipality in Caquetá Department , Colombia .   Category : Municipalities of Caquetá Department  Category : Populated places in the Caquetá Department

neg: United States Virgin Islands status referendum, 1993 A status referendum was held in the United States Virgin Islands on 11 October 1993 . After the United States Congress modified the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands to allow a vote on the status of the islands , a vote was scheduled for 1989 . It was delayed several times until 1993 , when voters were offered the options of integration into the United States , becoming a United States territory or independence .   Although 82 % voted in favour of territorial status , voter turnout was below the 50 % threshold and the result was invalidated .

neg: United States Northern Command United States Northern Command ( USNORTHCOM ) is a Unified Combatant Command of the U.S. military tasked with providing military support for civil authorities in the U.S. , and protecting the territory and national interests of the United States within the contiguous United States , Alaska ( not Hawaii ) , Puerto Rico , Canada , Mexico , The Bahamas , and the air , land and sea approaches to these areas . It is the U.S. military command which , if applicable , would be the primary defender against a mainland invasion of the United States .   USNORTHCOM was created on 25 April 2002 when President George W. Bush approved a new Unified Command Plan , following the September 11 attacks . USNORTHCOM went operational on 1 October 2002 .   The support that USNORTHCOM provides to civil authorities is legally limited by the Posse Comitatus Act , which sets some limits on the role of the U.S. military in civilian law enforcement . However , in case of national emergency , natural or man-made , its Air Forces Northern National Security Emergency Preparedness Directorate will take charge of the situation or event .

neg: United States Customs House (Ponce, Puerto Rico) The U.S. Customs House ( Spanish : Aduana de Ponce ) , located at Bonaire and Aduana streets in barrio La Playa , Ponce , Puerto Rico , is the oldest customs house in Puerto Rico , and the only one of its type under the U.S. flag . As of February 10 , 1988 , the building was owned by the U.S. Customs Service , Washington , D.C. . The building is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as `` U.S. Custom House '' . It was listed on February 10 , 1988 .

neg: Independence movement in Puerto Rico The Independence Movement in Puerto Rico refers to initiatives by inhabitants throughout the history of Puerto Rico to obtain independence for the island people . First from the Spanish Empire , and since 1898 , from the United States . A wide variety of groups , movements , political parties , and organizations have worked for Puerto Rican Independence over the centuries .   A spectrum of autonomous , Nationalist , and Independence sentiments and political parties exist on the island . Since the beginning of the 19th century , organizations advocating independence in Puerto Rico have attempted both peaceful political means as well as violent revolutionary actions to achieve its objectives .  During the second half of the 20th century , the independence movement attracted neither widespread support nor support at elections from the Puerto Rican people . In a status referendum in 2012 , 5.5 % voted for independence while Statehood obtained over 61.11 % of the votes cast . Independence also received the least support , less than 4.5 % of the vote , in the status referendums in 1967 , 1993 and 1998 .   A fourth referendum was held in 2012 , with 54 % voting to change Puerto Rico 's status but the federal government took no action to do so . The fifth plebiscite is due to be held on June 11 , 2017 . The two options at that time will be `` Statehood '' and `` Independence/Free Association '' . It will be the first referendum not to offer the choice of retaining the current status as a Commonwealth .

neg: Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area .   The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government .   In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government .   __ TOC __

neg: Puerto Rico Council of Secretaries The Council of Secretaries of Puerto Rico ( Consejo de Secretarios ) is the group composed by the heads of the executive departments of the government of Puerto Rico . The Council is charged with leading the different sectors of public administration within the government and does not constitute an agency by itself .   The Council , together with the Cabinet-level officers , compose the Cabinet of Puerto Rico .

neg: Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico The Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico ( Spanish : Comisionado Residente de Puerto Rico ) is a non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives elected by the voters of Puerto Rico every four years . The commissioner is the only member of the House of Representatives who serves a four-year term and functions in every respect as a congressman except being denied a vote on the final disposition of legislation on the House floor . They are also allowed to serve on congressional committees and enjoy a salary of $ 174,000 per year .   The current commissioner is Jenniffer González of the New Progressive Party ( PNP ) and affiliated to the Republican Party ( R ) at the national level .   Other U.S. territories have a similar representative position called a `` Delegate '' .

neg: Hispanic Americans in World War II Hispanic Americans , also referred to as Latinos , served in all elements of the American armed forces in the war . They fought in every major American battle in the war . Between 250,000 and 500,000 Hispanic Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II , out of a total of 12,000,000 , constituting 2.3 % to 4.7 % of the U.S. Armed Forces . The exact number is unknown as , at the time , Hispanics were not tabulated separately , but were generally included in the general white population census count . Separate statistics were kept for African Americans and Asian Americans .   On December 7 , 1941 , when the United States officially entered the war , Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of the Army , Navy and Marine Corps as volunteers or through the draft . Not only did Hispanics serve as active combatants in the European and Pacific Theatres of war , but they also served on the home front as civilians .  Hundreds of Hispanic women joined the Women 's Army Auxiliary Corps ( WAACs ) and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service ( WAVES ) , serving as nurses and in administrative positions . Many worked in traditionally male labor jobs in the manufacturing plants that produced munitions and materiel , replacing men who were away at war .   When conscription was increased , some Puerto Ricans from the island were assigned as replacements to units in the Panama Canal Zone and British Caribbean islands , which were made up mostly of continental ( United States mainland ) soldiers . Most Puerto Ricans and Hispanics residing in Puerto Rico were assigned to the 65th Infantry Regiment or to the Puerto Rico National Guard . These were the only all-Hispanic units whose statistics were kept . More than 53,000 Puerto Ricans and Hispanics who resided on the island served in the war . According to Senator Robert Menendez , more than 9,000 Latinos died in the defense of the United States in World War II . Because of lack of separate documentation , the total number of Hispanic Americans who died in the conflict is unknown .

neg: Casiano Communications Casiano Communications Inc. began in 1973 ... publishing a modest business and financial newsletter on Puerto Rico . Recognizing the unfilled niche that area business publications would fill in the future , that newsletter became CARIBBEAN BUSINESS newspaper : one of the first , and for more than 40 years , one of the most successful , business and financial newspapers not only in the Caribbean , but in the entire United States . For forty-three years , it had been the recognized Business Authority in Puerto Rico and the region . It was published weekly in English , and its in-depth news and analysis was read by the White House , the U.S. Congress , Wall Street , by Puerto Rico bond investors , the parent companies and suppliers of companies in Puerto Rico and many others . Daily business news was provided on its website , CB.pr , where it attracted more than 153,000 unique visitors a month . These visitors `` hit '' our site more than 27 million times a month and the average visit is an astounding 25 + minutes per visit .  In the late 1980s , CARIBBEAN BUSINESS launched its equally successful annual `` CB Book of Lists '' that ranks the leading companies in Puerto Rico , industry-by-industry and provides complete information on 129 local industries and more than 1,500 companies . It also presents a list of the `` 400 Largest Locally-Owned Companies '' and a comprehensive guide to doing business in P.R. , with all the Island 's business laws , government incentives , complete data on all Federal and Commonwealth Government agencies as well as information on each municipality and a History of Puerto Rico .  Once again looking into the future , CCI identified another unfilled niche in our market : locally-produced quality magazines , where the Island 's people could see and read about themselves and their celebrities .   While various magazines had been launched in Puerto Rico , none were truly successful because they could n't compete with the quality of the magazines in Spanish that were being imported from South America , even though those imported magazines did not include local coverage .  But Casiano identified the area where these imported magazines were vulnerable : they did not reflect Puerto Rico 's people , happenings , problems or needs . So Casiano Communications Inc. ( CCI ) began launching a new series of magazines that today number 10 in all ... covering women 's and family lifestyles , health , a wedding guide , a mothers guide , a decoration guide , a `` Boomers '' magazine for those 50 + , a Quinceañera teen girl magazine and the ¡ Qué Pasa ! tourism guide ... in addition to our flagship CARIBBEAN BUSINESS and its `` Book of Lists . '' Eleven publications in all ... each number one in sales and circulation in its category in Puerto Rico . The imported magazines ? They recently ceased publication of their local magazines , after years of trying to compete with CCI 's products .   An estimated 70 % of Puerto Rico 's adults read one or more Casiano Communications publications each month .   In 2000 , the company unveiled a new search engine and web portal dedicated exclusively for Puerto Rico . The website , called `` Puerto Rico WOW ! '' , also has a business directory and links to view digital versions of articles published in its printed magazines . The website currently receives an average of 19 million hits a month and 191,000 pages viewed daily , as per WebTrends . In 2008 , Puerto Rico WOW ! was converted into www.caribbeanbusinessPR.com , which went on to surpass WOW ! in terms of traffic and ad revenue . Another website , www.TVaquiPR.com , was also launched in 2008 as a complement to its namesake weekly celebrity gossip magazine , TVaquí , no longer published .

neg: Territorial evolution of the Caribbean This is a timeline of the territorial evolution of the Caribbean and nearby areas of North , Central , and South America , listing each change to the internal and external borders of the various countries that make up the region .   The region covered is the Caribbean , its islands ( most of which enclose the sea ) , and the surrounding coasts , as well as the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico , Florida , Central America , and the northern region of South America .   The political evolution of the land surrounding the Caribbean reveals the significant role the region played in the colonial struggles of the European powers since Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492 . In the 20th century the Caribbean was again important during World War II , in the decolonization wave in the post-war period , and in the tension between Communist Cuba and the United States ( U.S. ) . Genocide , slavery , immigration and rivalry between world powers have given Caribbean history an impact disproportionate to the size of this small region .   At the time of the European discovery of most of the islands of the Caribbean , three major Amerindian indigenous peoples lived on the islands : the Taíno in the Greater Antilles , The Bahamas and the Leeward Islands ; the Island Caribs and Galibi in the Windward Islands ; and the Ciboney in western Cuba . The Taínos are subdivided into Classic Taínos , who occupied Hispaniola and Puerto Rico , Western Taínos , who occupied Cuba , Jamaica , and the Bahamian archipelago , and the Eastern Taínos , who occupied the Leeward Islands . Trinidad was inhabited by both Carib speaking and Arawak-speaking groups .

neg: Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage .   Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community .   It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry .   The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''

neg: Puerto Peñasco Puerto Peñasco ( Geʼe Ṣuidagĭ ) is a city located in Puerto Peñasco Municipality in the northwest of the Mexican state of Sonora , about 100 km from the border with the U.S. state of Arizona . It is located on the small strip of land that joins the Baja California Peninsula with the rest of Mexico . The area is part of the Altar Desert , one of the driest and hottest of the larger Sonora Desert . Because of the lack of water , this area had no permanent settlements until the 1920s . In the 1930s and 1940s , the construction of a rail line connecting Baja to the rest of Mexico passed through and allowed for the development of a permanent town . For most of its history , the area has been associated with fishing , which is still a major source of income . However , since the 1990s , there has been a push to develop the area for tourism , as it is already heavily visited by people from Arizona and California . Puerto Peñasco is often called `` Rocky Point '' in English , and has been nicknamed `` Arizona 's beach '' as it is the coast closest to the major cities of Phoenix , Tucson , and Yuma , and many Arizonans spend weekends and vacations there .

neg: Florida Territory The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30 , 1822 , until March 3 , 1845 , when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Florida . Originally the Spanish territory of La Florida , and later the provinces of East and West Florida , it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams-Onís Treaty . It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council .

neg: Capital punishment in Puerto Rico Capital punishment in Puerto Rico , an unincorporated territory of the United States , is forbidden by law . However , a number of people were executed in the territory before abolition .

neg: Asian Puerto Rican Asian Puerto Ricans '' ' are Puerto Ricans who trace their ancestry to the continent of Asia , mostly from China , India , Palestinian Territories , Jordan and Syria   As of 2013 , people of Asian descent are a small minority in Puerto Rico that constitutes 0.3 % of the population .


query: Michael Giacchino composed the score for Doctor Strange.

pos: Michael Giacchino Michael Giacchino ( -LSB- dʒakˈkiːno -RSB- ; born October 10 , 1967 ) is an American composer of music for films , television and video games . He composed the scores to the television series Lost , Alias and Fringe , the video ' game series Medal of Honor and Call of Duty and many films such as The Incredibles , Ratatouille , Up , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol , Dawn of the Planet of the Apes , Jurassic World , Inside Out , Star Trek Beyond , Doctor Strange , Rogue One and Spider-Man : Homecoming .   Giacchino has received an Emmy Award and multiple Grammy Awards , as well as a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his work on Up .

neg: Christopher Young Christopher Young ( born April 28 , 1958 ) is an American music composer for both film and television .   Many of his music compositions are for horror films , including Hellraiser , Tales from the Hood , A Nightmare on Elm Street 2 : Freddy 's Revenge , Urban Legend , and Drag Me to Hell . Other works include Lucky You and Spider-Man 3 , for which he received the Film & TV Music Award for Best Score for a Dramatic Feature Film . He also made three cameo appearances in Spider-Man 3 .   Young was honored with the prestigious Richard Kirk award at the 2008 BMI Film and TV Awards . The award is given annually to a composer who has made significant contributions to film and television music .

neg: Sentieri selvaggi Sentieri Selvaggi is an Italian musical ensemble , specialising in contemporary music .   It was founded in 1997 by Carlo Boccadoro , Filippo Del Corno and Angelo Miotto . The ensemble has worked with composers such as Ludovico Einaudi , Michael Nyman , Philip Glass , Fabio Vacchi , David Lang , James MacMillan , Lorenzo Ferrero , Ivan Fedele and Louis Andriessen .   Sentieri Selvaggi has been a regular guest at Italian musical festivals including Teatro Alla Scala , Venice Biennale and MITO Music September , as well as at Italian cultural events including the Literary Festival at Mantua and the Science Festival at Genoa , and at international festivals including the Bang On A Can Marathon in New York City and the SKIF Festival in Saint Petersburg .   The group also organized a festival in Milan which since 2005 has become a contemporary music season with a program of concerts , public talks , and master classes . Every program focuses on a specific theme : in 2010 the title of the season is Nuovo Mondo ( New World ) .   The ensemble has also staged chamber operas , including Io Hitler by Filippo Del Corno , The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat by Michael Nyman and The Sound of a Voice by Philip Glass .

neg: Doctor at Large (TV series) Doctor at Large is a British television comedy series based on a set of books by Richard Gordon about the misadventures of a group of newly qualified doctors . The series follows directly from its predecessor Doctor in the House , and was produced by London Weekend Television in 1971 .   Writers for the Doctor at Large episodes were Bill Oddie , Graeme Garden , John Cleese , Graham Chapman , Bernard McKenna , Geoff Rowley , Andy Baker , Jonathan Lynn and David Yallop , as well as George Layton ( under the pseudonym of `` Oliver Fry '' ) .

neg: The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies ( sometimes '' !!? '' is appended to the title ) is a 1964 American monster movie written and directed by Ray Dennis Steckler . Steckler also starred in the film , billed under the pseudonym `` Cash Flagg '' . Upon release , the film was widely panned and is regarded by some critics as being one of the worst movies ever made .   In the film , three friends visit a carnival and stumble into a group of occultists and disfigured monsters . Produced on a $ 38,000 budget , much of it takes place at The Pike amusement park in Long Beach , California , which resembles Brooklyn 's Coney Island . The film was billed as the first `` monster musical '' , beating out The Horror of Party Beach by a mere month in release date .

neg: Gerry Anderson Gerry Anderson , MBE ( born Gerald Alexander Abrahams ; 14 April 1929 -- 26 December 2012 ) was an English television and film producer , director , writer and occasional voice artist . He remains famous for his futuristic television programmes , especially his 1960s productions filmed with `` Supermarionation '' ( marionette puppets containing electric moving parts ) .   Anderson 's first television production was the 1957 Roberta Leigh children 's series The Adventures of Twizzle . Supercar ( 1961 -- 62 ) and Fireball XL5 ( 1962 ) followed later , both series breaking into the US television market in the early 1960s . In the mid-1960s Anderson produced his most successful series , Thunderbirds . Other television productions of the 1960s include Stingray and Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons .   Anderson also wrote and produced several feature films whose box office performance was unexceptional . Following a shift towards live action productions in the 1970s , he had a long and successful association with media impresario Lew Grade and Grade 's company ITC , continuing until the second series of Space : 1999 .   After a career lull when a number of new series concepts failed to get off the ground , his career began a new phase in the early 1980s when audience nostalgia for his earlier Supermarionation series ( prompted by Saturday morning re-runs in Britain and Australia ) led to new Anderson productions being commissioned . Later projects include a 2005 CGI remake of Captain Scarlet entitled Gerry Anderson 's New Captain Scarlet .

neg: Doctor Who (pinball) Doctor Who is a pinball machine designed by Bill Pfutzenreuter ( Pfutz ) and Barry Oursler , and released by Midway ( under the Bally brand name ) in September 1992 . It is based on the television series of the same name , although the relationship of spinoff media to the parent series is open to question . As stated in the Gameplay section , the rulesheet is rather different from other pinball machines released at the time , which did n't help popularity ( and even now it is still seen as an exotic machine amongst collectors ) as casual players did not understand the complex rule changes that occur during the game .   The first 100 games included a moving Dalek topper that would turn side-to-side while the robot was speaking . The effect was achieved by fitting the robot 's body with a complex motor , cam , and optoelectronics system . Its complexity and expense lead to it being cut from the production run . Production Dalek toppers can be made to move with `` wobble head kits '' .   Prototypes featured the old Bally-style backbox ( and a totally different backglass ) , but this was changed to the Williams-styled one in order to cheapen the production process for both product lines .

neg: Claudio Simonetti Claudio Simonetti ( born February 19 , 1952 in São Paulo ) is a Brazilian-born Italian musician and film composer . The keyboardist of the progressive rock band Goblin , Simonetti has specialized in the scores for Italian and American horror films since the 1970s .   A long-time collaborator of director Dario Argento , Simonetti has worked on several of the director/producer 's films including Deep Red , Suspiria , Dawn of the Dead , Tenebrae , Phenomena , Demoni , and Opera . His work has long been an iconic staple of Italian genre cinema , collaborating with directors like Ruggero Deodato , Umberto Lenzi , Lucio Fulci , Enzo G. Castellari , Lamberto Bava , and Sergio Martino . His highly experimental scores are known for their signature , electronic and progressive rock-influenced sound , and have been imitated numerous times . He studied at the Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in Rome .

neg: Johnny Stecchino Johnny Stecchino is an Italian comedy film starring Roberto Benigni as the protagonist and director . This film is one of Benigni 's many collaborations with co-star and wife , Nicoletta Braschi . During its release in 1991 , it was the highest-grossing film in Italy .   This film follows the life of Dante , a quirky school bus driver ( Benigni ) for students with Down syndrome , who bears a striking resemblance to Johnny Stecchino , an Italian mafioso who is wanted by Sicilian mobsters for treason and murder . The film 's plot begins to unravel when Dante meets Maria , the wife of Stecchino , who begins her plan into tricking mobsters to kill Dante thinking he is Stecchino . The film takes several unexpected twists when Maria begins to fall for Dante , and it becomes clear that Dante can not possibly be the cold blooded killer , Johnny Stecchino .   The U.S. version released in theaters and on VHS is about 20 minutes shorter that the full Italian version . It trims several conversations including the final scene with Lillo sniffing cocaine .

neg: Doctor Dolittle (film) Doctor Dolittle is a 1967 American musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison , Samantha Eggar , Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough . It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting . It primarily fuses three of the books The Story of Doctor Dolittle , The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle , and Doctor Dolittle 's Circus .   The film had a notoriously protracted production with numerous setbacks along the way such as complications from poorly chosen shooting locations and the numerous technical difficulties inherent with the large number of animals required for the story . The film exceeded its original budget of $ 6 million by three times , and recouped $ 9 million upon release in 1967 , earning only $ 6.2 million in theatrical rentals .   The film received mixed to negative critical reviews , but through the studio 's intense lobbying , was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and won awards for Best Original Song and Best Visual Effects .

neg: Allen Strange Allen Strange ( June 26 , 1943 in Calexico , California -- February 20 , 2008 in Seattle , Washington ) was an American composer . He authored two books , Electronic Music : Systems , Techniques , and Controls ( first published in the 1970s ) and Programming and Meta-Programming the Electro-Organism . He co-wrote The Contemporary Violin : Extended Performance Techniques with his wife , Patricia .

neg: Patrick Gowers William Patrick Gowers ( 5 May 1936 -- 30 December 2014 ) was an English composer , mainly known for his film scores .   Born in Islington , Gowers was the son of Stella Gowers ( née Pelly ) and Richard Gowers , a solicitor . His great-grandfather was the neurologist Sir William Richard Gowers , and his grandfather was the civil servant and writer Sir Ernest Gowers . He was educated at Radley College and later read music at Cambridge University . Whilst at Cambridge , he composed music for the Cambridge Footlights and taught composition part-time . He completed his doctorate , on the music of Erik Satie , in 1966 .   Gowers served as assistant conductor of Bill Russo 's London Jazz Orchestra . In 1964 , he was music director of the Royal Shakespeare Company 's productions of Marat/Sade in the West End and in New York . He subsequently composed the music for the 1967 film of Marat/Sade . In the 1970s , he directed the electronic music studio at Dartington and played keyboards for the New Swingle Singers .   Gowers began composing for feature and documentary films more extensively after his work on the film of Marat/Sade . Another notable early film score was for the 1969 Tony Richardson film of Hamlet . Other films for which he composed the music included :  Thomas er Fredloes ( 1968 )  Balladen om Carl-Henning ( 1969 )  The Virgin and the Gypsy ( 1970 )  Giv Gud en Chance Om Soendagen ( 1970 )  The Boy Who Turned Yellow ( 1972 )  Farlige kys ( 1972 )  A Bigger Splash ( 1974 )  Children of Rage ( 1975 )  Stevie ( 1978 )  Whoops Apocalypse ( 1986 )  Comic Act ( 1998 )   Gowers started writing music for television in the 1970s . In 1982 , he won the BAFTA original music award for his scores for Smiley 's People , The Woman in White and I Remember Nelson . Gowers composed the music to The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and its sequels , starring Jeremy Brett , whose series ran from 1984 to 1994 ; the soundtrack was released in 1987 . Gowers also scored the TV film adaptations with Brett of The Sign of Four ( 1987 ) and The Hound of the Baskervilles ( 1988 ) . Amongst other TV series for which he composed the music are Therese Raquin ( 1980 ) , Anna Karenina ( 1985 ) , and Forever Green ( 1989 ) .   Gowers ' concert music included works written for the guitarist John Williams : Chamber Concerto for Guitar and Rhapsody for Guitar , Electric Guitars and Electric Organ . He was also noted for his choral music , including his setting of Veni Sancte Spiritus and his commission for the consecration of Richard Harries as bishop of Oxford , Viri Galilaei ( 1987 ) . He also composed a Cantata ( 1991 ) and several other anthems such as `` Holy , Holy , Holy '' and `` Aveto Augustine '' . Other works include his `` Toccata '' for organ , commissioned by Simon Preston and joined over a decade later by a fugue , and his `` Occasional Trumpet Voluntary '' .   Gowers married Caroline Maurice in 1961 . The couple had three children , the mathematician Sir Timothy Gowers , the writer Rebecca Gowers , and the violinist Katharine Gowers . His widow and children survive him .

neg: Michael Wandmacher Michael Wandmacher ( born October 29 , 1967 ) is an American composer of music for film , television , and video games . He has worked on well-known numerous projects , including Piranha 3D , Punisher : War Zone , Bloodborne , Twisted Metal , and The Goldbergs . Most recently , he has worked on Underworld : Blood Wars , succeeding previous series composers Paul Haslinger and Marco Beltrami .

neg: John Murphy (composer) John Murphy ( born 4 March 1965 ) is a British film composer . He is a self-taught multi-instrumental musician who began his career in the 1980s , working notably with The Lotus Eaters , Thomas Lang , Gary Wall and Claudia Brücken . Since the beginning of his career , he has collaborated numerous times with several directors , mainly Vadim Jean and Danny Boyle . He has received praise through the years and some of his awards include the Silver Award ( 1st Prize ) at the Cannes Film Festival , a British D&AD Award , and a BMI Award .   Murphy gained recognition in the film industry while working with Guy Ritchie on his film Lock , Stock and Two Smoking Barrels , Michael Mann 's Miami Vice , Matthew Vaughn 's Kick-Ass and scoring various films by Danny Boyle . His instrumental tracks `` In the House -- In a Heartbeat '' from 28 Days Later and `` Adagio in D Minor '' from Sunshine have been featured in a variety of TV shows , commercials and film trailers .

neg: Doctor Strange Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics .   The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme .   In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .

neg: Eighth Doctor comic stories Eighth Doctor comic stories are two ranges of comic series that featured the adventures of the eighth incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the hit sc-fi series , Doctor Who .   Two separate series of original comic strips featuring the Eighth Doctor ( and thus the likeness of actor Paul McGann ) were published during the character 's original tenure . The Radio Times published a weekly comic strip for a time . There was also the standard Doctor Who Magazine strip . The two series introduced brand-new companions , although the Eighth Doctor 's only on-screen companion , Grace Holloway , also appeared twice . There were also cameo appearances by companions from past DWM series . The Master was also resurrected .   During the latter period of the DWM 's comic stories the stories switched from black and white strips to full colour .   One of the strip 's most noted fans was Russell T Davies , the future executive producer and head writer of the revived Doctor Who series . Davies had proposed that the Magazine 's strip regenerate McGann 's Doctor at the conclusion of The Flood . Whilst a draft was prepared to include the regeneration , the idea was abandoned as the Magazine team had reservations about taking such an important element from the television series should McGann ever be used in the series for flashback purposes . Eventually the decision was taken to simply end `` The Flood '' on a note similar to Survival , with The Eighth Doctor and Destrii 's later adventures left a mystery to the readers .   It has been speculated that Davies loosely adapted elements from The Flood in his later DW storylines The Parting of the Ways and Army of Ghosts ( in particular the Doctor absorbing the time/space vortex to save Rose Tyler 's life , triggering his regeneration and the ghost-shifting infiltration of The Cybermen on an unsuspecting public )

neg: The Amazing Spider-Man (soundtrack) The Amazing Spider-Man : Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album to the 2012 film The Amazing Spider-Man composed by James Horner . which was released by Sony Classical .

neg: Harry Manfredini Harry Manfredini ( born August 25 , 1943 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American film composer and jazz soloist , who has scored more than one hundred films , most notably perhaps the Friday the 13th film series . He has had years of classical training , as well as twenty years in the popular music scene . His style of music compares to Bernard Herrmann .  In conversation with Russian journalist and composer Tony Vilgotsky Harry Manfredini said that his musical tastes and style were influenced by such composers like Giacomo Puccini , Igor Stravinsky , Maurice Ravel and others .

neg: Michael Crichton John Michael Crichton ( -LSB- ˈkraɪtən -RSB- October 23 , 1942 -- November 4 , 2008 ) was an American best-selling author , screenwriter , film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction , medical fiction and thriller genres . His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide , and many have been adapted into films . In 1994 , Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in U.S. television ( ER ) , film ( Jurassic Park ) , and book sales ( Disclosure ) .   His literary works are usually within the action genre and heavily feature technology . His novels epitomize the techno-thriller genre of literature , often exploring technology and failures of human interaction with it , especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology . Many of his future history novels have medical or scientific underpinnings , reflecting his medical training and science background . He wrote , among other works , The Andromeda Strain ( 1969 ) , Congo ( 1980 ) , Sphere ( 1987 ) , Travels ( 1988 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) , Rising Sun ( 1992 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , The Lost World ( 1995 ) , Airframe ( 1996 ) , Timeline ( 1999 ) , Prey ( 2002 ) , State of Fear ( 2004 ) , Next ( 2006 ; the final book published before his death ) , Pirate Latitudes ( 2009 ) , an unfinished techno-thriller , Micro , which was published in November 2011 , and Dragon Teeth , a historical novel set during the `` Bone Wars '' , published worldwide in May 2017 .

neg: Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall .   This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series .   Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .

neg: Profondo Rosso (soundtrack) The soundtrack to the film Deep Red was mainly composed and performed by the Italian progressive rock band Goblin . Director Dario Argento had originally contacted jazz pianist and composer Giorgio Gaslini to score the film , but he was unhappy with his output , deeming it `` awful '' . After failing to get Pink Floyd to write music for the film , Argento turned back to Italy and found Goblin . In the final score , only three of Gaslini 's original themes were retained ; however , in the film 's original theatrical release , Gaslini was given full composer credit for the entire score , while Goblin were wrongly credited only as performers -LSB- i.e. `` Music by Giorgio Gaslini , performed by Goblin '' -RSB- . This was corrected in subsequent home video releases .


query: Stranger than Fiction is a film.

pos: Stranger than Fiction (2006 film) Stranger than Fiction is a 2006 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Marc Forster , produced by Lindsay Doran , and written by Zach Helm . The film stars Will Ferrell , Maggie Gyllenhaal , Dustin Hoffman , Queen Latifah , and Emma Thompson . The main plot follows Harold Crick ( portrayed by Ferrell ) , a nondescript white-collar worker who begins hearing a disembodied voice narrating his life as it happens -- seemingly the text of a novel in which it is stated that he will soon die -- and he frantically seeks to somehow prevent that ending . The film was shot on location in Chicago , and has been praised for its innovative , intelligent story and fine performances . Ferrell , who came to prominence playing brash comedic parts , garnered particular attention for offering a restrained performance in his first starring dramatic role .

neg: Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism .   In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .

neg: Strangers Within Strangers Within is a 2017 British home invasion horror film . The film stars Elana Di Troya as Sam , the daughter of a world-famous artist who is left home alone for a weekend . Joined by her three best friends , Sam hosts a casual gathering . This lasts barely an hour as one of the girls ' boyfriend arrives with two friends who have attended the gathering with an ulterior motive .

neg: Seconds (1966 film) Seconds is a 1966 American science fiction drama film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Rock Hudson . The screenplay by Lewis John Carlino was based on Seconds , a novel by David Ely . The film was entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival and released by Paramount Pictures . The cinematography by James Wong Howe was nominated for an Academy Award .   In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . ''

neg: Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe .   Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine .   The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .

neg: Sweeter Than Fiction `` Sweeter Than Fiction '' is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for the film One Chance . The song was written and produced by Swift along with Jack Antonoff , best known as the guitarist for indie pop band fun. , and was released through Big Machine Records as the lead single from the soundtrack album on October 21 , 2013 .

neg: Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on .   The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews .   The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .

neg: The Stranger (song) `` The Stranger '' is a song by rock artist Billy Joel from his 1977 album of the same name , The Stranger . The song was released as a single in Japan where it became very popular and peaked at # 2 on the Oricon chart . It charted in Australia too . It was the last single from the album in Japan , while the US and UK saw `` She 's Always a Woman '' , released the previous year , as the last single from the album .   The single is featured on Joel 's greatest hits album , Greatest Hits - Volume I & II .   An untitled two-minute instrumental `` hidden track '' reprise of this song is featured at the end of The Stranger , after `` Everybody Has a Dream '' .   Billy Joel originally wanted the melody to be played by some kind of wind instrument , but after Joel demonstrated the melody by whistling it , producer Phil Ramone convinced Joel to scrap the idea of a wind instrument and whistle instead .

neg: 28 Weeks Later 28 Weeks Later is a 2007 British science fiction horror film , structured as a sequel to the critically and commercially successful 2002 film 28 Days Later . 28 Weeks Later was co-written and directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo , with Danny Boyle and Alex Garland , director and writer of 28 Days Later respectively , now acting as executive producers . It was released in the United Kingdom and United States on 11 May 2007 . The plot depicts the efforts of NATO military forces to salvage a safe zone in London following the events in 28 Days Later , the consequence of two young siblings breaking protocol to find their infected mother , and the resulting reintroduction of the highly contagious virus to the safe zone .

neg: Truth Stranger Than Fiction Truth Stranger Than Fiction is a 1915 drama film featuring Harry Carey .

neg: Double Take (2009 film) Double Take is a 2009 essay film , directed by Johan Grimonprez and written by Tom McCarthy . The plot is set during the Cold War and combines both documentary and fictional elements . The protagonist is a fictionalised version of Alfred Hitchcock . The backdrop of the film charts the rise of the television in the domestic setting and with it , the ensuing commodification of fear during the cold war .   Double Take is a Belgian-Dutch-German co-production and premiered in Europe at the 2009 Berlin Film Festival and in the U.S. at the 2010 Sundance film Festival .

neg: Primer (film) Primer is a 2004 American independent science fiction drama film about the accidental discovery of time travel . The film was written , directed , produced , edited and scored by Shane Carruth , who also stars .   Primer is of note for its extremely low budget , experimental plot structure , philosophical implications , and complex technical dialogue , which Carruth , a college graduate with a degree in mathematics and a former engineer , chose not to simplify for the sake of the audience . The film collected the Grand Jury Prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival , before securing a limited release in the United States , and has since gained a cult following .

neg: Factual film Factual film may refer to :   Historical film  Biographical film , a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people  Film based on a true story  Documentary film , a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record

neg: Jim Jarmusch James Robert `` Jim '' Jarmusch ( -LSB- ˈdʒɑrməʃ -RSB- born January 22 , 1953 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , actor , producer , editor , and composer . He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s , directing such films as Stranger Than Paradise ( 1984 ) , Down by Law ( 1986 ) , Mystery Train ( 1989 ) , Dead Man ( 1995 ) , Ghost Dog : The Way of the Samurai ( 1999 ) , Coffee and Cigarettes ( 2003 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Only Lovers Left Alive ( 2013 ) , and Paterson ( 2016 ) . Stranger Than Paradise was added to the National Film Registry in December 2002 . As a musician , Jarmusch has composed music for his films and released two albums with Jozef van Wissem .

neg: Man in the Shadow (British film) Man in the Shadow , released in the United States as Violent Stranger , is a 1957 British crime film directed by Montgomery Tully and starring Zachary Scott and Faith Domergue .   The film had to be retitled for the US market because of the release of the American film of the same name in the same year .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: The Intruder (1962 film) The Intruder is a 1962 American film directed by Roger Corman , after a 1959 novel by Charles Beaumont , starring William Shatner . The story depicts the machinations of a racist named Adam Cramer ( portrayed by Shatner ) , who arrives in the fictitious small southern town of Caxton in order to incite white townspeople to racial violence against black townspeople and court-ordered school integration .   The film is also known under its US reissue titles as I Hate Your Guts ! and Shame , and The Stranger in the UK release .

neg: Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States .   The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists .   Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .

neg: Speculative fiction Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre encompassing narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements . This includes the genres science fiction , fantasy , horror and supernatural fiction , as well as their combinations . The broader usage of the term is attributed to Robert Heinlein , who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay , although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction or its variant `` speculative literature '' .

neg: The Other (novel) The Other '' is the 1971 debut novel by Thomas Tryon . Set in 1935 , the novel focuses on the sadistic relationship between two thirteen-year-old identical twin boys , one who is well-behaved , and the other , a sociopath who wreaks havoc on his family 's rural New England farm property .   Tryon , who had been a working actor prior , retired from his Hollywood career to become a novelist . Upon its release , the novel received wide critical acclaim , and was adapted into a 1972 film of the same name directed by Robert Mulligan and starring Uta Hagen . The novel was reprinted in a commemorative edition in 2012 by New York Review Books with an afterword by Dan Chaon .