query: Jennifer Grey was in an award-winning film.

pos: Jennifer Grey Jennifer Grey ( born March 26 , 1960 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles in the 1980s films Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) and Dirty Dancing ( 1987 ) , for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination . She is also known for her 2010 victory in season eleven of the American version of Strictly Come Dancing . Grey is the daughter of Academy Award -- winning actor Joel Grey and former actress/singer Jo Wilder . Grey currently stars in the Amazon Studios comedy series Red Oaks .

neg: The Cell The Cell is a 2000 American science fiction horror film directed by Tarsem Singh in his directorial debut , and starring Jennifer Lopez , Vince Vaughn and Vincent D'Onofrio . It received mixed reviews upon its release , with critics praising its visuals , direction , make-up , costumes and D'Onofrio 's performance , while criticizing its Silence of the Lambs-inspired plot , an emphasis on style rather than substance , and masochistic imagery .

neg: Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs .   Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .

neg: Grey Dawn (film) Grey Dawn is a 2015 Ghanaian Nigerian drama film , co-produced and directed by Shirley Frimpong-Manso . It stars Bimbo Manuel , Funlola Aofiyebi-Raimi , Sika Osei and Marlon Mave .

neg: The Theory of Everything (2014 film) The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking , which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband , theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking , his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS , also known as Lou Gehrig 's disease or motor neurone disease ) , and his success in physics .   The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox , Emily Watson , Simon McBurney , Christian McKay , Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014 .   The film was acclaimed critically worldwide , with praise for the musical score , cinematography and the performance of Felicity Jones and especially Eddie Redmayne , which earned him nominations for a variety of accolades in award shows and film festivals , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson . It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations , winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne . It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film , Best Leading Actor ( for Redmayne ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( for McCarten ) .

neg: Mister John Mister John is a 2013 thriller film by Joe Lawlor and Christine Molloy , their second feature film following their debut Helen . It stars Aidan Gillen , Zoe Tay , Michael Thomas , and Claire Keelan .

neg: Quarantine (2008 film) Quarantine is a 2008 American found-footage supernatural horror film directed and co-written by John Erick Dowdle , produced by Sergio Aguero , Doug Davison , and Roy Lee , and co-written by Drew Dowdle , being a remake of the Spanish film REC . The film stars Jennifer Carpenter , Jay Hernandez , Columbus Short , Greg Germann , Steve Harris , Dania Ramirez , Rade Šerbedžija , and Johnathon Schaech .   Quarantine features no actual composition , it is `` scored '' by sound effects . In comparison to REC , it features several differences such as added and excluded scenes and characters , dialogue , and a different explanation for the virus .   The film was released by Sony 's subsidiary Screen Gems on October 10 , 2008 . It received polarizingly favorable reviews from critics and was a general box office success . The film was followed by a sequel , Quarantine 2 : Terminal ( 2011 ) .

neg: George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake .   Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .

neg: List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews .   Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .

neg: Everly (film) Everly is a 2014 American action thriller film directed by Joe Lynch and written by Yale Hannon based on a story by Lynch and Hannon . The film stars Salma Hayek as the title character with Akie Kotabe , Jennifer Blanc , Masashi Fujimoto , Togo Igawa , Gabriella Wright , Caroline Chikezie , Laura Cepeda , and Hiroyuki Watanabe in supporting roles .   The film was released via iTunes on January 23 , 2015 , and received a limited theatrical release on February 27 , 2015 , by Dimension Films .

neg: Under Cover (film) Under Cover ( also known as Fires Within ) is a 1987 film directed by John Stockwell . It stars David Neidorf and Jennifer Jason Leigh .

neg: Lila & Eve Lila & Eve is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Charles Stone III and written by Patrick Gilfillan . The film stars Viola Davis and Jennifer Lopez . It premiered on January 30 , 2015 , at the Sundance Film Festival . The film was released in North America on July 17 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films . This marks the second time Davis and Lopez acted in a film together , the first being the Steven Soderbergh film Out of Sight in 1998 .

neg: The Betrayed (2008 film) The Betrayed is a 2008 American thriller film , directed by Amanda Gusack from her own screenplay and starring Melissa George , Oded Fehr and Christian Campbell .

neg: The Ever After The Ever After is a 2014 American drama film directed by Mark Webber and starring Teresa Palmer , Rosario Dawson , Melissa Leo and Webber .

neg: A Gun for Jennifer A Gun for Jennifer is a 1997 rape and revenge film directed by Todd Morris and starring Deborah Twiss . It follows a feminist vigilante group who castrate suspected rapists and batterers while a female police officer attempts to stop them . It is shot in a retro grindhouse style and premiered at the Fantasia Festival in July 1997 , where it was sold-out an hour before screening and received a standing ovation . The film has not left the festival circuit ; Fangoria reported that it had been picked up for distribution by Mondo Macabro , but the release never came to fruition .   The movie was covered in the documentary In the Belly of the Beast , which detailed Morris and Twiss 's discovery that their financier ( whom Twiss had met while working as an exotic dancer ) had been embezzling money .

neg: List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles .   Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive .   Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture .   At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .

neg: Cast No Shadow (film) Cast No Shadow is a 2014 Canadian feature film . Directed by Christian Sparkes and written by Joel Thomas Hynes , the film stars Percy Hynes-White as Jude Traynor , a troubled teenager who forms a friendship with a reclusive older woman ( Mary-Colin Chisholm ) after his abusive father ( Hynes ) is sent to jail .   The film premiered at the Atlantic Film Festival and received awards from the festival for Best Atlantic Feature , Best Director , Best Screenplay , Best Actress , Best Actor and Best Cinematography . The film garnered four Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards , including Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Art Direction/Production Design ( Xavier Georges ) and Best Original Score ( Jeffrey Morrow ) .

neg: Greystone Park Greystone Park is a found footage horror film written by Sean Stone and Alexander Wraith , directed by Sean Stone , and starring Sean Stone , Alexander Wraith , Antonella Lentini , Oliver Stone and Bruce Payne .

neg: Room 10 Room 10 is a 2006 Jennifer Aniston co-directed short film starring Robin Wright .

neg: Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles .   Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems .   Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .

neg: LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .


query: The Adjustment Bureau is loosely based on "Adjustment Team" by Philip K. Dick.

pos: The Adjustment Bureau The Adjustment Bureau is a 2011 American science fiction thriller film loosely based on the Philip K. Dick short story , `` Adjustment Team '' . The film was written and directed by George Nolfi , produced by Chris Moore and stars Matt Damon and Emily Blunt . The cast also includes Anthony Mackie , John Slattery , Michael Kelly , and Terence Stamp . The film tells the story of a young man who discovers that what appear to be chance events in his life are controlled by a technologically advanced intelligence network . After an event not planned by these controllers occurs -- a romantic encounter with a young dancer -- he struggles against their manipulation despite their promise of a great future for him .   The film was released on April 3 , 2011 . It was premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre on February 14 , 2011 , and received positive reviews from critics , who praised Damon 's performance and his chemistry with Blunt . It grossed $ 127 million against a production budget of $ 50 million .

neg: War and Peace Studies War and Peace Studies was a project carried out by the Council on Foreign Relations between 1939 and 1945 before and during American involvement in World War II . It was intended to advise the U.S. Government on conduct in the war and the subsequent peace .   The project was divided into four major areas : economic and financial , security and armaments , territorial , and political . Over 100 men took part . Funding was provided by the Rockefeller Foundation , which provided almost $ 350,000 over the course of the project . A steering committee was created in December 1939 chaired by U.S diplomat Norman Davis with Foreign Affairs editor Hamilton Fish Armstrong as vice-chairman . Initial area heads were :   Alvin Hansen and Jacob Viner led the economic and financial group  Whitney Shepardson , who led the political group  Allen Welsh Dulles and Hanson W. Baldwin , who led the armaments group , and  Isaiah Bowman , who led the territorial group .   A research secretary was appointed to each group :  William Diebold , for the economic and financial group  Walter R. Sharp , for the political group , and  Grayson L. Kirk , for the armaments group  William P. Maddox , for the territorial group   From March 1942 , the project supplied research secretaries to the State Department 's Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy , with each group 's secretary serving the corresponding subcommittee at the State Department . Meetings were scheduled to allow secretaries to carry out Council work during the first half of each week with the remainder of the week spent at the Department of State .

neg: Herding Cats: A Life in Politics Herding Cats : A Life in Politics is a book written by U.S. Senator Trent Lott , a Republican from Mississippi . Published by HarperCollins Publishers , Inc. on August 23 , 2005 , the book spans 320 pages . The major points of the book are Lott 's childhood in Grenada and Pascagoula , Mississippi , including his struggles with his alcoholic father ; his election to Congress ; his years in the House of Representatives during the Nixon , Carter , and Reagan administrations ( including his service as Minority Whip in that body ) ; and his service in the Senate , especially his service as Majority Leader during the Clinton and Bush Administrations . He recounts the formative events of his youth and the stories from his political life . From his decision to support Gerald Ford over Ronald Reagan in the 1976 Republican primary to his working partnership with Senate Democratic leader Tom Daschle during the Clinton impeachment and the September 11 attacks in 2001 , Lott traces the inner workings of congressional life .   One major focus of the book is the comments Lott made at the birthday party of Sen. Strom Thurmond in 2002 and the subsequent intense media coverage , which eventually led to his resignation as the Senate Majority Leader in December 2002 . Lott names several figures who he believes orchestrated his downfall , including members of President George W. Bush 's administration , such as then-Secretary of State , Colin Powell , and former Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) head Joe Allbaugh ( who Lott claims has admitted that he intended to bring Lott down as Majority Leader ) ; as well as the successor to Lott as Majority Leader , Sen. Bill Frist .   Lott suggests that his forced resignation was a `` strategic plan '' devised by Bush and others who wanted Frist to take his place , since Frist supported key White House policies like the Medicare expansion , which Lott opposed . Lott notes , however , that his response to the Thurmond controversy played poorly in the media .   Lott wrote in the book that Frist betrayed him by not telling him about Frist 's decision to run for majority leader beforehand . Lott says he took Frist as his protégé , as Frist had no political/public experience when he was first elected to the Senate .   Some suggested that Lott 's book , which portrayed Frist in a negative light , was designed to impede Frist 's possible presidential campaign , but Frist did not run . Lott indicated in the book that he had repaired his relationship with Frist to some extent .   Lott also emphasizes his years as Majority Whip in the House and his years as Majority Leader in the Senate , where Lott claims to have built an efficient vote-getting organization and played a key role in several legislative accomplishments , including the Reagan-era budget cuts and tax cuts , and welfare reform and the tobacco settlement during the Clinton years . This emphasis may tie into Lott 's ambition to rejoin the Senate Republican Leadership .

neg: Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' .   Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people .   Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative .   The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee .   Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .

neg: Philip Meyer Philip Meyer is professor emeritus and former holder of the Knight Chair in Journalism at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . He researches in the areas of journalism quality , precision journalism , civic journalism , polling , the newspaper industry , and communications technology . Meyer was a Nieman Fellow in 1966-1967 . He blogs at http://philipmeyer.authorsxpress.com .   Meyer was a member of the Board of Contributors for USA TODAY 's Forum Page , part of the newspaper 's Opinion section .   Before becoming a professor in 1981 , Meyer was employed in the newspaper industry for a total of 26 years , the last 23 with Knight Ridder Inc. , where he started as a reporter for the Miami Herald . In 1962 , he became the Washington correspondent for the Akron Beacon Journal , then a national correspondent , and finally , from 1978-1981 the director of news research at company headquarters in Miami , where he worked on Knight Ridder 's pioneering Viewtron online service .   One of the earliest examples of computer assisted reporting was in 1967 , after riots in Detroit , when Meyer , on temporary assignment with the Detroit Free Press , used survey research , analyzed on a mainframe computer , to show that people who had attended college were equally likely to have rioted as were high school dropouts .   Meyer 's most recent book is Paper Route : Finding My Way to Precision Journalism , a memoir of his newspaper career . He has also written The Vanishing Newspaper : Saving Journalism in the Information Age , Precision Journalism , Ethical Journalism : a Guide for Students , Practitioners and Consumers , and The Newspaper Survival Book .   The National Institute for Computer-Assisted Reporting hosts annual Philip Meyer Journalism Award , which `` recognize excellent journalism done using social science research methods '' .   The Summer 2008 Carolina Communicator includes a profile of Meyer http://issuu.com/jomcadmin/docs/ccsummer08 , written by one of his former students , John Bare .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: Bureau of Political-Military Affairs The Bureau of Political-Military Affairs ( PM ) is an agency within the United States Department of State that bridges the Department of State with the Department of Defense . It provides policy in the areas of international security , security assistance , military operations , defense strategy and policy , military use of space , and defense trade . It is headed by the Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs . Tina Kaidanow currently serves as Acting Assistant Secretary .   According to the Department of State website , the Bureau secures military base access and overflight permission to support the deployment of U.S. military forces . It negotiates the status of U.S. military forces and International Criminal Court non-surrender agreements . It is also responsible for coordinating the participation of coalition combat and stabilization forces , and assisting other countries in reducing the availability of man-portable air defense systems ( MANPADS ) , which are shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles .   The Bureau seeks to create and manage defense relationships with allies of the United States , regulate arms transfers , control access to military technology , and combat the illegal trafficking of small arms or light weapons . It also is responsible for training and equipping international peacekeepers and other military personnel .   The Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement within the Bureau of Political Affairs manages the Humanitarian Mine Action Program and publishes the `` SAFE PASSAGE '' : A Newsletter for the Humanitarian Mine Action and Small Arms/Light Weapons Communities . The office also publishes `` To Walk The Earth In Safety '' a publication that summarizes the current U.S. effort to rid the world of the most pressing land mine and ordnance problems in a country-by-country format . Finally they have published a number of press releases that describe ongoing efforts within those communities and the Office 's efforts in support of these aims . The United Nations Mine Action Centre defines `` mine action '' as removing land mines from the ground , assisting victims , and also teaching people how to protect themselves from danger in environments affected by land mines . In addition to promoting public and private mine action partnerships , the Bureau works with the Department of Defense to provide assistance in the event of natural disasters .

neg: Getting It: The Psychology of est Getting It : The Psychology of est is a non-fiction book by American psychologist Sheridan Fenwick , first published in 1976 , analyzing Werner Erhard 's Erhard Seminars Training or est. . It is based on Fenwick 's own experience of attending a four-day session of the est training , an intensive 60-hour personal development course in the self-help genre . Large groups of up to 250 people took the est training at one time .   In the first section of Fenwick 's book , she recounts the est training process and the methods used during the course . Fenwick details the rules or `` agreements '' laid out by the trainers to the attendees , which include not talking to others or leaving the session to go to the bathroom unless during an announced break period . The second section is analytic : Fenwick analyzes the methods used by the est trainers , evaluates the course 's potential effects , and discusses Erhard 's background . Fenwick concludes that the program 's long-term effects are unknown , the est training may not be appropriate for certain groups of people , and that the large proportion of participants experience positive effects .   Writing in Library Journal , psychiatrist James Charney describes the book as `` the only useful critical look '' at the training . Zane Berzins of The New York Times Book Review characterizes the book as a `` calm and professionally informed view '' . Hearings held in 1979 before the United States House of Representatives on a juvenile delinquents program depicted in Scared Straight ! cited the book for background on the est training , as did psychologist Gidi Rubinstein in a 2005 study of the Landmark Forum published in the academic journal Psychology and Psychotherapy : Theory , Research and Practice .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: The Complex: An Insider Exposes the Covert World of the Church of Scientology The Complex : An Insider Exposes the Covert World of the Church of Scientology is a non-fiction book about the organization and practices of the Church of Scientology , written by former Scientologist John Duignan with Nicola Tallant . The book was published in Ireland on October 7 , 2008 by Merlin Publishing . Both of Duignan 's parents died when he was very young and as a result he had difficult experiences as a teenager . He met an attractive female Scientologist on the streets of Germany , who convinced him to take a free personality test from Scientology . After the test , he was told he had a result of `` Urgent Action Required '' , and he began to take Scientology courses . Duignan was recruited into Scientology 's elite paramilitary organization called the `` Sea Org '' , and spent a total of 22 years in the organization . After attending an event where actor and Scientologist Tom Cruise was given the award of `` Most Dedicated Follower '' , Duignan began to examine the organization more closely and had doubts about remaining . He left the organization in 2006 , after taking measures to avoid investigation by Scientology 's intelligence agency the Office of Special Affairs .   The Church of Scientology has responded to the publication of The Complex by sending legal letters to several bookstore retailers that were selling the book , claiming the book contains libelous statements about a member of the organization . Merlin Publishing `` emphatically denied '' these allegations , and an editorial director at the publishing company called Scientology 's claim `` vexatious '' . The United Kingdom branch of Amazon.com , Amazon.co.uk , stopped selling copies of the book after receiving legal letters from the Church of Scientology ; booksellers Waterstone 's and W H Smith also received the legal letter , and Borders Books may have also been `` warned off '' selling the book . A representative for Amazon.com in the United States said that the U.S. branch of the company will be selling copies of the book , but is `` awaiting arrival of the inventory '' to their networks .

neg: The Assistant The Assistant may refer to :   The Assistant ( Walser novel ) ( German : Der Gehülfe ) , a 1908 novel by Robert Walser  The Assistant ( novel ) , a 1957 novel by Bernard Malamud  The Assistant ( TV series ) , a satirical reality series starring Andy Dick .  The Assistant ( 1982 film ) , a 1982 Czech film  The Assistant ( 1998 film ) , a 1998 film  The Assistant ( 2015 film ) , a 2015 film

neg: The New Americans The New Americans is a seven-hour American documentary , produced by Kartemquin Films , that was originally broadcast on American television over three nights on the Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) in late March 2004 .   The observational documentary , which includes minimal voice-over narration and very little direct interviewing of its subjects ( and none in which the interviewer 's voice is heard ) , follows the lives of a series of immigrants to the United States over the course of four years . The series was filmed between 1998 and 2001 , although not all of its subjects were filmed during that entire length of time . The immigrants were filmed both in their countries of origin before immigrating as well as in the United States . The filming during this period was extensive and occurred in the subjects ' homes , at their places of work , in government offices , and in a number of other situations , many of them quite intimate . As a result , The New Americans offers an unusually personal and comprehensive look at the people it profiles .   The immigrants profiled and filmed in The New Americans include a group of baseball players from the Dominican Republic hoping to secure a career in Major League Baseball ; a computer programmer from India and his wife ; a family with six children from a farming community in the state of Guanajuato , Mexico ; a family of Ogoni refugees from Nigeria ; and a woman from Palestine who moves to the United States to be with her new husband , a first-generation Palestinian-American who grew up in Chicago .   The locations shown in the documentary include not only each of the immigrants ' countries of origin , but also many places in the United States where the immigrants settled or traveled , including Chicago ( the Palestinian and Nigerian immigrants ) , the Silicon Valley of California ( the Indian immigrants ) , Garden City , Kansas and Mecca , California ( the Mexican immigrants ) , and Florida , Georgia and Montana ( the Dominican immigrants ) .   The New Americans was executive produced by Steve James ( who also produced the acclaimed 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams ) and Gordon Quinn , both of Kartemquin Films . It was broadcast on PBS as part of the series Independent Lens , in association with the Independent Television Service ( ITVS ) . The program was also broadcast in the United Kingdom on the cable network BBC Four in early April 2004 .   Steve James on the making of the New Americans , `` From the beginning , we knew we wanted to tell multiple stories , because every immigrant I 've met has a very rich and varied story to tell about where they come from . We also were excited about the idea of telling these people 's stories before they left their countries so that we could begin to understand these people in their own country before they gave it all up to come here . They 're all facing different problems different dreams , so there 's that diversity too . They 're a nice collection of stories because their differences and similarities . ''   Primary funding was provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting ( CPB ) . Additional major funding was provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , the Annie E. Casey Foundation and PBS . Additional funding also came from the National Endowment of the Arts , BBC , Nick Fraser , SBS , TV Australia , and VPRO , The Netherlands . The New Americans is a presentation of ITVS in association with Latino Public Broadcasting ( LPB ) and Asian Women United/National Asian American Telecommunications Association ( NAATA ) .   The New Americans won a variety of awards including : The Chicago Award for Best Chicago or Illinois Production , Chicago International Television Competition ( 2004 ) ; Gold Hugo for Best Overall Production , Chicago International Television Competition 2004 -RSB- ; Best Limited Series , Distinguished Documentary Achievement Awards , International Documentary Association ( IDA ) ( 2004 ) ; and the Christopher Award , TV/Cable Category , ( 2005 ) .

neg: Elias Sports Bureau The Elias Sports Bureau ( ESB ) is a company providing historical and current statistical information for sports , especially for major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada .   In 1913 , Al Munro Elias and his brother Walter established the Al Munro Elias Bureau in New York City . At first they sold printed scorecards with baseball data directly to fans , until The Telegram daily newspaper purchased their weekly compilation of `` averages '' in 1916 . Elias was appointed official statistician of the National League and International League in 1919 with the American League and other minor leagues to follow .   In 1937 , the Elias brothers assumed publication of Charley White 's Record Book , the so-called Little Red Book , after the death of its originator . It became an official ( authorized ) source for major league records . In 1938 , the Bureau began producing the Pocket Cyclopedia of Major League Baseball , and for many years published the official Green Book , the National League 's annual summary .   After the Elias brothers died in the 1940s , the company was managed by Lester Goodman . Seymour Siwoff , who had worked for the Elias brothers as a high school student before serving his country in World War II and earning the Purple Heart , returned to become the company 's accountant . In 1952 , after Lester Goodman 's sudden death , Seymour Siwoff purchased the company from the widows of the Elias brothers . The new company was renamed Elias Sports Bureau to better fulfill Siwoff 's vision of incorporating all professional sports , and Siwoff took the company into the computer age .   Under Siwoff 's leadership for over 60 years and to the present , ESB has become the leading authority on sports statistics . Originally official statistician of Major League Baseball , Siwoff was able to add to this distinction the National Football League , the National Basketball Association , the National Hockey League , Major League Soccer , and the Arena Football League . More recently , ESB added pro-women 's basketball ( WNBA ) and pro-golf to its list of league clientele .   ESB also is a primary source of statistics for national newspapers , magazines and websites , as well as dozens of broadcasters of MLB , NBA and NHL telecasts . With Sporting News having phased out its record book publishing business during 2007 , The Elias Book of Baseball Records appears to be the sole hard-copy source of official baseball records . This book is available only through the company website .   Steve Hirdt , executive vice-president , added his skills as a sports writer . His first venture was writing for ESPN 's Page2 website for a brief time . Later , he moved to a column for ESPN The Magazine . The column is entitled `` Do the Math '' and focuses on sports statistics .

neg: Person-centered ethnography Person-centered ethnography is an approach within psychological anthropology that draws on techniques and theories from psychiatry and psychoanalysis to understand how individuals relate to and interact with their sociocultural context . The term was first used by Robert I. Levy , a psychoanalytically trained psychiatrist , to describe his psychodynamically informed approach to interviewing during his anthropological fieldwork in Tahiti and Nepal .   A key distinction in person-centered interviewing is that between interviewees as informants and as respondents . As Levy and Hollan describe it ,   There is a significant difference between asking a Tahitian interviewee something like `` Please describe for me exactly how and why supercision ( a penis-mutilating rite of passage ) is done by Tahitians , '' and asking him `` Can you tell me about your supercision ? '' ... `` Did it change your life in any way ? '' `` How ? '' `` What did you think and feel about it then ? '' `` What do you think and feel about it now ? ''   The first question engages interviewees as typical ethnographic informants , asking them to describe features of their culture or social system ; the latter questions ask much more directly about their own experiences , feelings , hopes , and desires , as well as changes in these over time . Not surprisingly , asking about these more intimate topics generally requires much longer acquaintance with an interviewee than do questions about more publicly available knowledge .   Levy and Hollan note that person-centered interviewing makes use of both modes and tacks back and forth between them ; its difference from most methods of ethnographic interviewing lies in its emphasis on the latter and its concern with understanding how individuals relate to , experience , and understand their larger sociocultural context . Within these , major topics of interest typically include : the experience of the self , morality , the body , illness and healing , emotions , and family relationships .   Methodologically , person-centered interviewing also depends on a fair degree of experience in self-monitoring for transference and countertransference phenomena , as well as attention to elisions , avoidances , and gaps in an interviewees ' answers and attention to interviewees ' emotional reactions during and outside the formal interview setting .   Person-centered interviewing comes out of a psychodynamically informed tradition within Culture and Personality studies and American psychological anthropology and shares a number of methodological and thematic concerns with clinical ethnography .

neg: League of American Writers The League of American Writers was an association of American novelists , playwrights , poets , journalists , and literary critics launched by the Communist Party USA ( CPUSA ) in 1935 . The group included Communist Party members , and so-called `` fellow travelers '' who closely followed the Communist Party 's political line without being formal party members , as well as individuals sympathetic to specific policies being advocated by the organization .   The League 's policy objectives changed over time in accord with the shifting party line of the CPUSA . Beginning as an anti-fascist organization in 1935 , the League turned to an anti-war position following the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 and to a pro-war position after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 . The organization was prominent in the defense of Republican Spain during the Spanish Civil War and in providing financial and moral support to writers in need in the United States and internationally .   The organization was terminated in January 1943 .

neg: The Penultimate Truth The Penultimate Truth is a 1964 science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick . The story is set in a future where the bulk of humanity is kept in large underground shelters . The people are told that World War III is being fought above them , when in reality the war ended years ago . The novel is based on Dick 's 1953 short story `` The Defenders '' . Dick also drew upon two other of his short stories for the plot of the novel : `` The Mold of Yancy '' and `` The Unreconstructed M '' .

neg: A Delicate Truth A Delicate Truth is a 2013 spy novel by John le Carré . Set in 2008 and 2011 , the book features a British/American covert mission in Gibraltar and the subsequent consequences for two British civil servants .   Le Carré describes this as not only his most British novel but also his most autobiographical work in years . The author told The Daily Telegraph that he has based two of the book 's characters on himself . Le Carré sees Toby Bell as `` the thirty-something rising star of Her Majesty 's Foreign Service ... the striving ambitious fellow I fancy myself to have been at much the same age . `` whereas Sir Christopher ( `` Kit '' ) Probyn is `` a retired Foreign Office civil servant , who lives in rural Cornwall . `` the author has `` lived in a clifftop house outside St Buryan , near Land 's End , for more than 40 years . ''   The novel may be loosely based on Operation Flavius , the 1988 operation during which three members of the Provisional IRA were shot dead by the British SAS in Gibraltar .

neg: Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) .   Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day .   In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans .   The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward .   The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico .   Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice .   The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells .   Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''

neg: Boskin Commission The Boskin Commission , formally called the `` Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index '' , was appointed by the United States Senate in 1995 to study possible bias in the computation of the Consumer Price Index ( CPI ) , which is used to measure inflation in the United States . Its final report , titled `` Toward A More Accurate Measure Of The Cost Of Living '' and issued on December 4 , 1996 , concluded that the CPI overstated inflation by about 1.1 percentage points per year in 1996 and about 1.3 percentage points prior to 1996 .   The report was important because inflation , as calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics , is used to index the annual payment increases in Social Security and other retirement and compensation programs . This implied that the federal budget had increased by more than it should have , and that projections of future budget deficits were too large . The original report calculated that the overstatement of inflation would add $ 148 billion to the deficit and $ 691 billion to the national debt by 2006 .   The report highlighted four sources of possible bias :  Substitution bias occurs because a fixed market basket fails to reflect the fact that consumers substitute relatively less for more expensive goods when relative prices change .  Outlet substitution bias occurs when shifts to lower price outlets are not properly handled .  Quality change bias occurs when improvements in the quality of products , such as greater energy efficiency or less need for repair , are measured inaccurately or not at all .  New product bias occurs when new products are not introduced in the market basket , or included only with a long lag .   The members of the Boskin Commission were :  Michael Boskin , Stanford University ( Chair )  Ellen R. Dulberger  Robert J. Gordon  Zvi Griliches  Dale Jorgenson   The Boskin Commission was the first extensive evaluation of inflation measurement since the Stigler Commission in 1961 . Griliches was also on that commission .

neg: Human migration Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling , permanently in the new location . The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another , but internal migration is also possible ; indeed , this is the dominant form globally . Migration may be individuals , family units or in large groups .   Nomadic movements are normally not regarded as migrations as there is no intention to settle in the new place and because the movement is generally seasonal . Only a few nomadic people have retained this form of lifestyle in modern times . Also , the temporary movement of people for the purpose of travel , tourism , pilgrimages , or the commute is not regarded as migration , in the absence of an intention to live and settle in the visited places .

neg: Stability (short story) Stability is a short science fiction story by Philip K. Dick , first written around 1947 , but not published until 1987 in Volume I of The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick . The story is set in the far future , where civilization never progresses ; the government has determined it to have reached its peak , and to prevent declination , society is forcibly kept in a state of `` Stability '' .


query: Anonymous is an international group.

pos: Anonymous (group) Anonymous is a loosely associated international network of activist and hacktivist entities . A website nominally associated with the group describes it as `` an Internet gathering '' with `` a very loose and decentralized command structure that operates on ideas rather than directives '' . The group became known for a series of well-publicized publicity stunts and distributed denial-of-service ( DDoS ) attacks on government , religious , and corporate websites .   Anonymous originated in 2003 on the imageboard 4chan , representing the concept of many online and offline community users simultaneously existing as an anarchic , digitized global brain . Anonymous members ( known as `` Anons '' ) can be distinguished in public by the wearing of Guy Fawkes masks in the style portrayed in the graphic novel and film V for Vendetta .   In its early form , the concept was adopted by a decentralized online community acting anonymously in a coordinated manner , usually toward a loosely self-agreed goal , and primarily focused on entertainment , or `` lulz '' . Beginning with 2008 's Project Chanology -- a series of protests , pranks , and hacks targeting the Church of Scientology -- the Anonymous collective became increasingly associated with collaborative hacktivism on a number of issues internationally . Individuals claiming to align themselves with Anonymous undertook protests and other actions ( including direct action ) in retaliation against copyright-focused campaigns by motion picture and recording industry trade associations . Later targets of Anonymous hacktivism included government agencies of the U.S. , Israel , Tunisia , Uganda , and others ; the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ; child pornography sites ; copyright protection agencies ; the Westboro Baptist Church ; and corporations such as PayPal , MasterCard , Visa , and Sony . Anons have publicly supported WikiLeaks and the Occupy movement . Related groups LulzSec and Operation AntiSec carried out cyberattacks on U.S. government agencies , media , video game companies , military contractors , military personnel , and police officers , resulting in the attention of law enforcement to the groups ' activities . Some actions by members of the group have been described as being anti-Zionist . It has threatened to cyber-attack Israel and engaged in the '' #OpIsrael '' cyber-attacks of Israeli websites on Yom HaShoah ( Holocaust Remembrance Day ) in 2013 .   Dozens of people have been arrested for involvement in Anonymous cyberattacks , in countries including the U.S. , UK , Australia , the Netherlands , Spain , India and Turkey . Evaluations of the group 's actions and effectiveness vary widely . Supporters have called the group `` freedom fighters '' and digital Robin Hoods while critics have described them as `` a cyber lynch-mob '' or `` cyber terrorists '' . In 2012 , Time called Anonymous one of the `` 100 most influential people '' in the world .

neg: International Association of Prosecutors The International Association of Prosecutors ( IAP ) is the only global non-governmental organisation of prosecutors , established by the United Nations in 1995 , Vienna .   Organisation includes about 200,000 members from over 120 states .   It was established due to rapid growth in transnational crime like drug trafficking , money laundering and fraud .  From its website , `` The IAP is the only worldwide organization of prosecutors . It was established in 1995 and now has more than 145 organizational members from over 96 different jurisdictions , representing every continent , as well as many individual members .   The website sets out the objects of the IAP . All organizational members of the IAP are expected to commit to the Standards of Professional Responsibility and Statement of the Essential Duties and Rights of Prosecutors adopted by the IAP in 1999 . In April 2013 a complaint was lodged against an Executive Committee member , Dr. Ali bin Fadhel Al - Buainain who as head of the Office of Public Prosecution in Bahrain has acted contrary to these standards by prosecuting Bahraini nationals for activities protected by the rights to freedom expression and assembly and for failing to adhere to fair procedures and due process standards , as asserted by Ceartas Irish lawyers for Human Rights . On April 22nd 2013 , IAP President James Hamilton acknowledged receipt of the complaint and stated that it is `` something we 're going to look very carefully at '' , and the outcome `` will certainly set a precedent for how we deal with a complaint '' . Nevertheless , Dr. Ali bin Fadhel Al - Buainain has sought to be re-elected to the IAP Executive Committee at the 18th Annual General Meeting of the IAP on September 11 , 2013 , and it has been reported by the Bahrain State News Agency that he has already been re-elected to it for another three years .   Membership brings many advantages and opportunities , including the chance to attend the annual conference . As well as providing lively and interesting discussion on questions which are of practical concern to prosecutors , the annual conferences provide excellent opportunities for networking and getting to know colleagues from other countries . Annual conferences takes place in different venues each year .   Regional conferences in Africa , Latin America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe/Central Asia , North America and the Caribbean and the Asia-Pacific region are now regular events in the IAP , and are mainly aimed at front line prosecutors . Information concerning these and other events can be found on the website .   The Association also produces regular newsletters which are distributed to members . In addition a considerable amount of information on the website is available only to members including a members forum where members can exchange information and experiences . A Global Prosecutors E-Crime Network is accessible through the website and contains much information of interest to prosecutors concerning cyber crime . Similarly the ` Forum for International Criminal Justice ' is also accessible via the website for those seeking information and contacts in that area . ''

neg: Societal security Societal security is a concept developed by the Copenhagen School of security studies that refers to ` the ability of a society to persist in its essential character under changing conditions and possible or actual threats ' .   The end of the Cold War prompted scholars to rethink the paradigm of security independently from the state and the military . In Europe , the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the emergence of new states and sustained efforts to pursue the European Union ( EU ) integration . The new order called for a ( re ) conceptualisation of Europe and European security , which challenged classic understandings of security , as something that took place between states . The move towards an EU security was , thus , closely articulated around questions of EU identity , free movement of people and borders .  The concept of societal security , developed by scholars associated with the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute , is situated within this context . Societal security relates to : `` the ability of a society to persist in its essential character under changing conditions and possible or actual threats . ''   In ` Identity , Migration , and the New Security Agenda in Europe ' , Wæver notes the emergence of different conceptions of the nation-state , and further establishes a distinction between Western and Eastern Europe . In the West , a `` decoupling of state and nation '' takes place , as Member States , by seeking more integration , accept to relinquish some of their sovereignty . This move towards a `` post-sovereign '' nation-state is due to `` internationalisation and Europeanization '' processes , as international institutions assume increased influence over domestic affairs . Subsequently , communities , perceiving their identities to be threatened by this integration , can no longer call upon the state to protect them . A duality occurs between the security needs of the state and of society , where `` state security has sovereignty as its ultimate criterion , and societal security has identity '' . In the East , the emergence of new states , formed after the dismantlement of the Soviet Union , leads to more traditional attempts at merging the nation and the state ; thus , conflicts arise when the coupling can not be done ( i.e. Yugoslavia ) .   In ` Security : a new framework for analysis ' , Buzan et al. formalise their broader understanding of security by introducing five sectors , each governed by `` distinctive characteristics and dynamics '' , and conceptualised around particular referent objects and actors ( i.e. military , environmental , economic , societal and political ) . Societal security is about the survival of a community as a cohesive unit ; its referent object is '' large scale collective identities that can function independent of the state . ''  Societal insecurities arise when `` a society fears it would not be able to live as itself '' , and stem from :  migration : the influx of people will `` overrun or dilute '' a group 's identity e.g. the need to define Britishness ;  vertical competition : the integration of a group within a broader organisation e.g. euroscepticism with regards to EU integration , national-separatist claims ; and ,  horizontal competition : group is forced to integrate more influential identities within their own e.g. France 's cultural exception defending itself against American influences .   Societal security is not tied to a territory , as is state security , e.g. Kurds , where security matters of state and society widely diverge and enter into conflict .   Societal security in sociological viewpoint is :   Regarding security as an `` independent phenomenon '' :   So , societal security is n't threat , no opportunity . But it is a center and base , upon it the reliability and certainty of collective life could be gained .   Rereading of security from `` social '' perspective :   It means that security is based on collective life , the life of common people , instead of looking at differences and insisting on disagreement between groups and states that is key factor in determining threats and distinguish friend and foe .   Viewing security as `` social phenomenon '' :   Hence , societal security does n't need military weapons and soft power solutions . In other words , societal security does n't integrate with power and remain by converting links to social capitals .   Finally , threats and opportunities could be considered as deterrent or impeller factors .   So the final goal of societal security is comfort and understanding the beauty of collective life -- not an interest for government , not eliminating enemies , not confronting a threat for nation .

neg: Courage International Courage International , also known as Courage Apostolate and Courage for short , is an approved apostolate of the Catholic Church that counsels `` men and women with same-sex attractions in living chaste lives in fellowship , truth and love '' . Based on a treatment model for drug and alcohol addictions used in programs like Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) , Courage runs a 12-step program aimed at helping gay people remain abstinent from sex .   The organization runs support groups led by a priest to encourage its members to abstain from acting on their sexual desires and to live according to the teachings of the Catholic Church on homosexuality . Courage also has a ministry geared towards the relatives and friends of gay people called Encourage .   The apostolate was endorsed by the Pontifical Council for the Family in 1994 through the statement of Alfonso Cardinal López Trujillo .   Courage has received criticism from other LGBT advocacy groups , including other Catholic groups such as the New Ways Ministry , which feels Courage 's methods are `` problematic and very dangerous to people 's spiritual health '' . In 2015 , the Southern Poverty Law Center listed Courage International as one of the ten most prominent anti-LGBT organizations offering counseling that purportedly helps gay people stay celibate .

neg: IMG img or IMG is an abbreviation for image   img or IMG may also refer to :   IMG ( company ) , global sports and media business headquartered in New York City but with its main offices in Cleveland , originally known as the `` International Management Group '' , with divisions including :  IMG Academy , an athletic training complex in Bradenton , Florida with facilities for multiple sports  IMG Artists , a performing arts management company with multiple worldwide offices  IMG College , a college sports marketing agency based in Winston-Salem , North Carolina  IMG Models , a modeling agency based in New York  IMG ( file format ) , the file extension of several different disk image formats which store a full digital representation ( image ) of disk drive or storage media  IMG , a prefix for camera image file names commonly used in Design rule for Camera File system  -LSB- img -RSB- , a tag used in BBCode to place an image  , an HTML element used to place an image ; see  IMG Worlds of Adventure , the largest indoor amusement park in the world located in Dubai , United Arab Emirates  Imagination Technologies , a semiconductor IP company ( also known as ImgTec )  Inside Mac Games , a game news site for the Macintosh  Integrated Microbial Genomes System , a framework for comparative analysis of the genomes sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute  International Marxist Group , a Trotskyist group in Britain between 1968 and 1982  International medical graduate , a physician who has graduated from a medical school outside of the country in which he or she intends to practice  International Medical Group ( Uganda ) , a conglomerate of health-related businesses headquartered in Kampala , Uganda  Iterated monodromy group , a concept in mathematics related to symbolic dynamics

neg: Pseudonym A pseudonym ( -LSB- pronˈsjuːdənɪm -RSB- and -LSB- pronˈsuːdənɪm -RSB- ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose , which can differ from their original or true name ( orthonym ) . Pseudonyms include stage names and user names ( both called screen names ) , ring names , pen names , nicknames , aliases , superhero or villain identities and code names , gamer identifications , and regnal names of emperors , popes , and other monarchs . Historically , they have often taken the form of anagrams , Graecisms , and Latinisations , although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym .   Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual 's full-time name . Pseudonyms are `` part-time '' names , used only in certain contexts - usually adopted to hide an individual 's real identity , as with writers ' pen names , graffiti artists ' tags , resistance fighters ' or terrorists ' noms de guerre , and computer hackers ' handles . Actors , musicians , and other performers sometimes use stage names , for example , to mask their ethnic backgrounds .   In some cases , pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition : for example devotional names used by members of some religious institutes , and `` cadre names '' used by Communist party leaders such as Trotsky and Lenin .   A pseudonym may also be used for personal reasons : for example , an individual may prefer to be called or known by a name that differs from their given or legal name , but is not ready to take the numerous steps to get their name legally changed ; or an individual may simply feel that the context and content of an exchange offer no reason , legal or otherwise , to provide their given or legal name .   A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons , for example the co-authors of a work , such as Ellery Queen , or Nicolas Bourbaki .

neg: Anonymous Content Anonymous Content is an entertainment company founded in 1999 by CEO Steve Golin . It is based in Los Angeles with its offices in Culver City and New York City .

neg: Second International Islamic Unity Conference From August 2 through the 4th , 1996 , some 7,000 attendees and over 125 speakers from around the globe attended a three-day marathon of lectures , parallel workshop sessions , prayer , praise of Muhammad and Islamic social interaction . Officially known as the International Islamic Unity Conference , it started off with a press session on Friday morning and ended with a parade through downtown Los Angeles on Sunday evening . Attendees praised the organizers for an excellent , though intense schedule of speeches by muftis , Islamic scholars , international political leaders , American political figures and an array of interfaith events .   Chaired by Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani , the conference was sponsored by As-Sunnah Foundation of America , the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order and by a number of other charitable and religious organizations .   Many felt the conference organization was exemplary , the facilities at the Los Angeles ' Westin Bonaventure Hotel excellent and the wide variety of cultural food and Islamic entertainment very apropos for such an international event . The many San Francisco Bay Area attendees were happy to find a number of prominent local Islamic activists featured , as well as those from national ISNA , IQRA , MPAC and other national Islamic organizations well represented .   The spirit of unity was especially apparent at the `` Peace in the Streets '' session , where about 20 former gang leaders , along with the popular rap star MC Hammer , took shahada with Shaykh Nazim al-Qubrusi , Grand-mufti of Cyprus and worldwide leader of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order .   Attendees were treated to sessions on politics , importance of schools of thought , purification of the heart , establishing Islamic economic power , educational curriculum initiative and many other subjects , discussed from the main podium as well as in intimate workshops where speakers and attendees were able to express their views . A major event occurred on Saturday night , with the launching of the International Day of the Orphan , which is expected , given the sponsorship of California 's Assembly , and endorsement by a number of international organizations , to become a globally sponsored day for recalling the plight of orphans and children in difficulty .

neg: No Kidding! No Kidding ! International is an international non-profit social club created for singles and couples who have never had children regardless of the reason . Such people are generally described as `` childless '' by society at large , but some of their members who are childless by choice prefer the term `` childfree '' in order to highlight the voluntary nature of their circumstance . The first chapter of this organization was begun by Jerry Steinberg ( the `` Founding Non-Father '' of No Kidding ! ) in Vancouver , British Columbia , in 1984 . There are numerous chapters in Canada , the United States and several other countries .   The stated purpose of No Kidding ! is to give childless and childfree adults a place to share common interests not involving children , as well as to provide the opportunity to make new like-minded friends . Anyone who has never been a parent , regardless of the reason , is permitted to join . The club organizes a wide range of activities , including biking , hiking , wine and cheese parties , dinners , Sunday brunches , community theater , and concerts .   The organization has annual conventions where people from all over the U.S. and Canada gather . Conventions were held annually between 2002 and 2006 . So far , conventions have been held in Las Vegas , New Orleans , Seattle , Philadelphia and Toronto . In 2010 , the convention was in Houston .   The group 's founder , as well as representatives of various No Kidding ! chapters , have made numerous appearances in international media , as well as in local newspapers , radio shows and TV programs .

neg: International League of non-religious and atheists The International League of Non-religious and Atheists ( German : Internationaler Bund der Konfessionslosen und Atheisten , IBKA ) is an international association founded in Berlin in 1976 as `` International League of Non-religious '' ( IBDK ) . It originated from the MIZ magazine and the Bund der Konfessionslosen Berlin ( Union of the non-religious in Berlin ) founded in 1972 , and adopted the name IBKA in 1982 . It has approximately 1000 members and 13 coorporative Members , as well as a Scientific Council . It is registered as an eingetragener Verein ( e.V. ) in Germany .   Among its objectives , IBKA promotes rationalism and pursues the establishment of human rights and scientific freedom , as well as the separation of Church and State . In 2014 , it was amongst several secularist organisations to campaign for the right to euthanasia in Germany .

neg: Debtors Anonymous Debtors Anonymous ( DA ) is a twelve-step program for people who want to stop incurring unsecured debt . Collectively they attend more than 500 weekly meetings in nine countries . Those who compulsively incur unsecured debt are said to be engaged in compulsive debting and are known as compulsive debtors .   DA encourages careful record keeping and monitoring of finances -- including purchases , income , and debt payments -- to get a clear picture of spending habits . This information is used to develop healthier spending practices , supporting one in keeping a reasonable quality of life while still repaying debt . Similarly , DA recommends developing plans for the future to increase income .   DA 's program is intended to facilitate a progressive personality change in its members , ultimately transforming their world views and changing their behaviors . Alternatively , results from an external survey of 46 DA members from 1993-1995 by sociologist Terrell A. Hayes posited that many DA members only partially accept the ideology of the organization and that parts of DA 's program , such as stigmatizing labels used to describe members , may actually hinder acceptance of DA 's ideology .

neg: Loesje Loesje -LSB- ` luʃə -RSB- is an international free speech organisation started in Arnhem ( Netherlands ) in 1983 and went international in 1989 . Its charter is to spread creativity , positive criticism , ideas , philosophical ponderings and thoughts on current events by way of short slogans on posters . The posters are signed by Loesje , which is a Dutch female name , representing `` a world wide collective of people who want to make the world a more positive creative place '' .   Loesje is currently to some extent active in over 30 countries , including Argentina , Armenia , Bosnia , Belgium , Spain , Denmark , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Hungary , Iceland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Macedonia , Mexico , the Netherlands , Nigeria , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Russia , Serbia , Slovenia , Sweden , Switzerland , the United States of America , and Palestine . In one country it is possible to have several more or less active writing groups .   It is not clear how many active writers there are and also the number of people who decide to spread the posters that can be downloaded from the poster archive . The organisation can not hold track of who spreads posters and where , partly because it is impossible to see how often a poster is downloaded ( or printed at home ) from the website , and partly because Loesje is not responsible for any misdeeds of individuals who paste posters on places where it is illegal .   Between 2005 and 2013 , Loesje 's international headquarters were located in Berlin , but since then Loesje International has moved back to Arnhem . From there Loesje implements and coordinates many diverse international projects around the world . Loesje gives creative writing workshops , for team building for example and joins conferences about issues that connect to her values , such as this environmental conference called Caretakers of the environment international in 2012 in Maastricht in the Netherlands . Loesje is especially active on World press freedom day .

neg: Anonplus Anonplus is the social networking service that Anonymous decided to launch , after Your Anon News was banned from Google + on 15 July 2011 . Anonymous defines Anonplus as a `` new social network where there is no fear ... of censorship ... of blackout ... nor of holding back . '' Anonplus has the goal of creating a decentralized and secure social network where the privacy of the users is valued .

neg: Lazarus Group Lazarus Group is a cybercrime group made up of an unknown number of individuals . While not much is known about the Lazarus Group , researchers have attributed many cyber attacks to them over the last decade . The earliest known attack that the group is responsible for is known as `` Operation Troy '' , which took place from 2009 -- 2012 . This was a cyber-espionage campaign that utilized unsophisticated DDoS techniques to target the South Korean government in Seoul . They are also responsible for attacks in 2011 and 2013 . It is possible that they were also behind a 2007 attack targeting South Korea , but that is still uncertain . A notable attack that the group is known for is the 2014 attack on Sony Pictures . The Sony attack used more sophisticated techniques and highlighted how advanced the group has become over time . The most recent attack attributed to the group is recent 2016 bank heist which included an attack on the Bangladesh Bank , successfully stealing US$ 81 million .   It is not clear who is really behind the group , but media reports have suggested the group has links to North Korea . Kaspersky Lab reported in 2017 that Lazarus tended to concentrate on spying and infiltration cyber attacks whereas a sub-group within their organisation , which Kaspersky called Bluenoroff , specialised in financial cyber attacks . Kaspersky found multiple attacks worldwide and a direct link ( IP address ) between Bluenoroff and North Korea .   However , Kaspersky also acknowledged that the repetition of the code could be a `` false flag '' meant to mislead investigators and pin the attack on North Korea , given that the worldwide WannaCry worm cyber attack copied techniques from the NSA as well . This ransomware leverages an NSA exploit known as EternalBlue that a hacker group known as Shadow Brokers made public in April 2017 .  Symantec reported in 2017 that it was `` highly likely '' that Lazarus was behind the WannaCry attack .   The WannaCry Malware that affected as many as 300,000 computers worldwide are likely authored by hackers from southern China , Hong Kong , Taiwan or Singapore , said a US intelligence company .

neg: Anti-nuclear groups in the United States More than eighty anti-nuclear groups are operating , or have operated , in the United States . These include : Abalone Alliance , Clamshell Alliance , Greenpeace USA , Institute for Energy and Environmental Research , Musicians United for Safe Energy , Nevada Desert Experience , Nuclear Control Institute , Nuclear Information and Resource Service , Public Citizen Energy Program , Shad Alliance , and the Sierra Club . These are direct action , environmental , health , and public interest organizations who oppose nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power . In 1992 , the chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said that `` his agency had been pushed in the right direction on safety issues because of the pleas and protests of nuclear watchdog groups '' .   Some of the most influential groups in the anti-nuclear movement have had members who included Nobel Laureates ( e.g. , Linus Pauling and Hermann Joseph Muller ) . These scientists have belonged primarily to two groups : the Federation of American Scientists , and the Committee for Nuclear Responsibility .

neg: Russian mafia Russian organized crime or Russian mafia , sometimes referred to as Bratva ( : `` brotherhood '' ) , is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union .   Organized crime in Russia began in the imperial period of the Tsars , but it was not until the Soviet era that vory v zakone ( `` thieves-in-law '' ) emerged as leaders of prison groups in gulags ( Soviet prison labor camps ) , and their honor code became more defined . After World War II , the death of Joseph Stalin , and the fall of the Soviet Union , more gangs emerged in a flourishing black market , exploiting the unstable governments of the former Republics , and at its highest point , even controlling as much as two-thirds of the Russian economy . Louis Freeh , former director of the FBI , said that the Russian mafia posed the greatest threat to U.S. national security in the mid-1990s .   In modern times , there are as many as 6,000 different groups , with more than 200 of them having a global reach . Criminals of these various groups are either former prison members , corrupt officials and business leaders , people with ethnic ties , or people from the same region with shared criminal experiences and leaders . However , the existence of such groups has been debated . In December 2009 , Timur Lakhonin , the head of the Russian National Central Bureau of Interpol , stated `` Certainly , there is crime involving our former compatriots abroad , but there is no data suggesting that an organized structure of criminal groups comprising former Russians exists abroad '' , while in August 2010 , Alain Bauer , a French criminologist , said that it `` is one of the best structured criminal organizations in Europe , with a quasi-military operation . ''

neg: Netherlands Worldwide Students Netherlands Worldwide Students ( Nederlandse Wereldwijde Studenten ) , NWS for short , is a Dutch student organisation   NWS forms a worldwide network of Dutch students currently , formerly and prospectively enrolled at foreign universities or professional schools . It offers a platform for joint activities and bridges the gap to the government , private sector , academic sector and society of the Netherlands . Most importantly , NWS tries to maintain a strong connection between Dutch students abroad and the Netherlands , and vice versa . Integral to this mission is making sure that the voices of Dutch students abroad are being heard in policy debates and that the value of studying abroad is appreciated from an individual , economic and societal perspective .   NWS Clubs form an integral part of the NWS network , offering local activities , seminars , borrels and Dutch gezelligheid at universities outside of the Netherlands . NWS Clubs are active at Harvard , Cornell , Oxford , Cambridge , LSE , Paris and Bruges , amongst others .   In addition , NWS maintains an online database of Dutch students currently or formerly enrolled at foreign universities . This network provides its participants access to local contacts , knowledge and advice in any sector or country to facilitate studying abroad or returning to the Netherlands . NWS also has its own Wiki-based site , for user-generated information on studying abroad , foreign universities , financial aid and such .   NWS was founded in 2007 by and for students and is completely run by volunteers . It is registered as a charity and receives support from Nuffic , the IB-Group , as well as several Dutch multinationals through sponsorship for events .   As part of their activities , NWS conducts research on studying abroad through surveys among its members . The findings are presented in the `` NWS-onderzoek '' research report , which is published every other year . After publicatiosen , the report is presented to a representative of the Dutch government . Previous representatives to receive the report include Sybrand Haersma Buma and former State Secretary of Education Halbe Zijlstra . In past years , the research report has focused on obstacles for Dutch students in going abroad and returning to the Netherlands .   Over the past few years , NWS has increasingly become involved in informing Dutch secondary school and university students about the opportunities for studying abroad .

neg: International Association International Association may refer to :   International Association ( baseball )  International Association for Cereal Science and Technology  International Association for Computing and Philosophy  International Association for Continuing Education and Training  International Association for Cryptologic Research  International Association for Cultural Freedom  International Association for Energy Economics  International Association for Food Protection  International Association for Group Psychotherapy  International Association for Human Values  International Association for Identification  International Association for New Science  International Association for Plant Taxonomy  International Association for Political Science Students  International Association for Professional Base Ball Players  International Association for Promotion of Christian Higher Education  International Association for Technology Trade  International Association for Veterinary Homeopathy  International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics  International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement  International Association for the Protection of Industrial Property  International Association for the Study of Pain  International Association of Academies  International Association of Administrative Professionals  International Association of Amateur Heralds  International Association of Analytical Psychologists  International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators  International Association of Arson Investigators  International Association of Art Critics  International Association of Astronomical Artists  International Association of Athletics Federations  International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts  International Association of Bridge , Structural , Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers  International Association of Canine Professionals  International Association of Chiefs of Police  International Association of Classification Societies  International Association of Consulting Actuaries  International Association of Crime Analysts  International Association of Dental Students  International Association of Educators  International Association of Emergency Managers  International Association of Exorcists  International Association of Fairs and Expositions  International Association of Financial Engineers  International Association of Fire Fighters  International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs  International Association of Genocide Scholars  International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers  International Association of Human Values  International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research  International Association of Islamic Banks  International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts  International Association of Lighthouse Authorities  International Association of Lions Clubs  International Association of Machinists  International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers  International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers  International Association of Orofacial Myology  International Association of Privacy Professionals  International Association of Professional Numismatists  International Association of Prosecutors  International Association of Scientologists  International Association of Software Architects  International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language  International Association of Travel Agents Network  International Association of Ultrarunners  International Association of Universities

neg: Non-Aligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) is a group of states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc . , the movement has 120 members .   The purpose of the organization has been enumerated as to ensure `` the national independence , sovereignty , territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries '' in their `` struggle against imperialism , colonialism , neo-colonialism , racism , and all forms of foreign aggression , occupation , domination , interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics , '' by Fidel Castro in the Havana Declaration of 1979 . The countries of the Non-Aligned Movement represent nearly two-thirds of the United Nations ' members and contain 55 % of the world population . Membership is particularly concentrated in countries considered to be developing or part of the Third World .   Although many of the Non-Aligned Movement 's members were actually quite closely aligned with one or another of the superpowers , the movement still maintained cohesion throughout the Cold War , even despite several conflicts between members which also threatened the movement . In the years since the Cold War 's end , it has focused on developing multilateral ties and connections as well as unity among the developing nations of the world , especially those within the Global South .

neg: International Editor of the Year Award International Editor of the Year Award is a prize awarded yearly to journalists and press editors outside the United states by World Press Review ( Worldpress.org ) magazine .   The award has been presented by World Press Review Since 1975 to an editor or editors outside the United States whose work , according to the magazine `` best exemplifies the principles of journalism . ''   According to Worldpress.org editorial , the award is granted to journalists `` in recognition of enterprise , courage and leadership in advancing the freedom and responsibility of the press , enhancing human rights and fostering excellence in journalism . ''