query: Seppuku is a Korean ritual.

pos: Seppuku Seppuku ( 切腹 , `` cutting -LSB- the -RSB- abdomen/belly '' , formal on reading of original Kanji ) , sometimes metathesized as harakiri ( 腹切り , `` abdomen/belly cutting '' ) which is a native Japanese kun reading , is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment . It was originally reserved for samurai . A samurai practice , seppuku was used either voluntarily by samurai to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies ( and likely suffer torture ) or as a form of capital punishment for samurai who had committed serious offenses , or performed because they had brought shame to themselves . The ceremonial disembowelment , which is usually part of a more elaborate ritual and performed in front of spectators , consists of plunging a short blade , traditionally a tantō , into the abdomen and drawing the blade from left to right , slicing the abdomen open . If the cut , done with a movement , is done deep enough , it can cut the descending aorta , inducing a massive blood loss inside the abdomen , with a very fast death .

neg: Eternal President of the Republic The official designation of an Eternal President of the Republic ( 공화국의 영원한 주석 , literally in English `` Eternal Chairman of the Republic '' ) was established by a line in the preface to the Constitution of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea , as amended on September 5 , 1998 , and in subsequent revisions .   It reads ( in the original version ) :   According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills , this amendment to the preamble is an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a theocratic state based on a cult of personality revering Kim Il-sung . In addition , North Korea adopted a Juche calendar dating from 1912 , the year of Kim Il-sung 's birth .

neg: Korean Empire The Korean Empire ( 대한제국 Hanja : 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ; -LSB- tɛ.ɦan.dʑe.ɡuk̚ -RSB- ; literally `` Greater Korean Empire '' ) was proclaimed in October 1897 , after the Donghak Peasant Revolution of 1894 to 1895 and Gabo Reforms that swept the country from 1894 to 1896 . It lasted until the annexation of Korea by Japan in August 1910 .   Emperor Gojong oversaw the partial modernization of the military , economy , land system , education system , and various industries . Japan became wary of Korea 's modernization and industrialization attempt through Gwangmu Reforms , and after the assassination of the Resident-General Itō Hirobumi , decided to forcibly annex the Korean Empire .

neg: List of National Treasures of Japan (archaeological materials) The term `` National Treasure '' has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897 .  The definition and the criteria have changed since the introduction of the term . These archaeological materials adhere to the current definition , and have been designated national treasures since the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties came into effect on June 9 , 1951 . The items are selected by the Ministry of Education , Culture , Sports , Science and Technology based on their `` especially high historical or artistic value '' . The list presents 46 materials or sets of materials from ancient to feudal Japan , spanning a period from about 4,500 BC to 1361 AD . The actual number of items is more than 46 because groups of related objects have been combined into single entries . Most of the items have been excavated from tombs , kofun , sutra mounds or other archaeological sites . The materials are  housed in museums ( 28 ) , temples ( 9 ) , shrines ( 8 ) and a university ( 1 ) in 25 cities of Japan . The Tokyo National Museum houses the greatest number of archaeological national treasures , with 6 of the 46 .   The Japanese Paleolithic marks the beginning of human habitation in Japan . It is generally accepted that human settlement did not occur before 38,000 BC , although some sources suggest the date to be as early as 50,000 BC . Archaeological artifacts from the paleolithic era consist of stone tools of various types , indicative of a hunter-gatherer society . From about 14,000 to 8,000 BC , the society gradually transformed to one characterized by the creation of pottery used for storage , cooking , bone burial and possibly ceremonial purposes . People continued to subsist on hunting , fishing and gathering , but evidence points to a gradual decrease in the nomadic lifestyle . Potsherds of unornamented pottery from the oldest archaeological sites constitute some of the world 's oldest pottery . These are followed by linear-relief , punctated and nail-impressed pottery types . The first cord-marked pottery dates to 8,000 BC . Cord-marked pottery required a technique of pressing twisted cords into the clay , or by rolling cord-wrapped sticks across the clay . The Japanese definition for the period of prehistory characterized by the use of pottery is and refers to the entire period ( c. 10,500 to 300 BC ) . Pottery techniques reached their apogee during the Middle Jōmon period with the emergence of fire-flame pottery created by sculpting and carving coils of clay applied to vessel rims , resulting in a rugged appearance . A set of 57 items of fire-flame pottery , dating to around 4,500 BC , has been designated as the oldest National Treasure . Archaeologists consider that such pottery may have had a symbolic meaning or was used ceremonially . Dogū -- small clay figurines depicting humans and animals -- can be dated to the earliest Jōmon period but their prevalence increased dramatically in the middle Jōmon . Many of these depict women with exaggerated breasts and enlarged buttocks , considered to be a fertility symbol . Five dogū from 3000 to 1000 BC have been designated as National Treasures .   The ensuing Yayoi period is characterized by great technological advances such as wet-rice agriculture or bronze and iron casting , which were introduced from the mainland . Iron knives and axes , followed by bronze swords , spears and mirrors , were brought to Japan from Korea and China . Later all of these were produced locally . The primary artistic artifacts , with the exception of Yayoi pottery , are bronze weapons , such as swords , halberds and dōtaku , ritual bells . The bells were often discovered in groups on a hillside buried with the weapons . They are 0.2 to tall and often decorated with geometric designs such as horizontal bands , flowing water patterns or spirals . A few bells feature the earliest Japanese depiction of people and animals . In addition ornamental jewels were found . The weapons that have been excavated are flat and thin , suggesting a symbolic use . Due to rusting , few iron objects have survived from this period . Burial mounds in square , and later round , enclosures were common in the Yayoi period . The starting date of the Kofun period ( c. 250 -- 300 AD ) is defined by the appearance of large-scale keyhole-shaped kofun mound tombs , thought to mark imperial burials . Typical burial goods include mirrors , beads , Sue ware , weapons and later horse gear . One of the most well-known tombs , whose content of warrior-related items has been designated as National Treasure , is the late 6th century Fujinoki Tomb . Mirrors , swords and curved jewels , which constitute the Imperial Regalia of Japan , appear as early as the middle Yayoi period , and are abundant in Kofun period tombs . Characteristic of most kofun are haniwa clay terra cotta figures whose origin and purpose is unknown . A haniwa of an armoured man has been designated as National Treasure ; and a 1st-century gold seal , designated a National Treasure , shows one of the earliest mentions of Japan or Wa .   Buddhism arrived in Japan in the mid -- 6th century Asuka period , and was officially adopted in the wake of the Battle of Shigisan in 587 , after which Buddhist temples began to be constructed . The new religion and customs fundamentally transformed Japanese society and the arts . Funerary traditions such as cremation and the practice of placing epitaphs in graves were imported from China and Korea . Following the treatment of Buddhist relics , the cremated remains in a glass container were wrapped in a cloth and placed in an outer container . Epitaphs , which recorded the lives of the deceased on silver or bronze rectangular strips , were particularly popular from the latter half of the 7th to the end of the 8th century ( late Asuka and Nara period ) . Four epitaphs and a number of cinerary urns and reliquaries containing bones have been designated as National Treasures . Other archaeological National Treasures from the Buddhist era include ritual items buried in the temple foundations of the Golden Halls of Tōdai-ji and Kōfuku-ji in Nara . According to an ancient Buddhist prophecy , the world would enter a dark period in 1051 ; consequently in the late Heian period the belief in the saving powers of Maitreya or Miroku , the Buddha to be , became widespread . Believers buried scriptures and images to gain merit and to prepare for the coming Buddha . This practice , which continued into the Kamakura period , required the transcription of sutras according to strict ritual protocols , their placement in protective reliquary containers and burial in the earth of sacred mountains , shrines or temples to await the future Buddha . The oldest known sutra mound is that of Fujiwara no Michinaga from 1007 on Mount Kinpu , who buried one lotus sutra and five other sutras that he had written in 998 . Its sutra container has been designated as National Treasure .

neg: Hyangchal Hyangchal ( literally vernacular letters , local letters or corresponded sound ) is an archaic writing system of Korea and was used to transcribe the Korean language in hanja . Under the hyangchal system , Chinese characters were given a Korean reading based on the syllable associated with the character . The hyangchal writing system is often classified as a subgroup of Idu . The first mention of hyangchal is the monk Kyun Ye 's biography during the Goryeo period . Hyangchal is best known as the method Koreans used to write Hyangga , vernacular poetry . Today , twenty-five such poems still exist and shows that vernacular poetry used native Korean words , Korean word order , and each syllable was `` transcribed with a single graph '' . The writing system covered nouns , verbs , adjectives , adverbs , particles , suffixes , and auxiliary verbs . The practice of hyangchal continued during the Goryeo Dynasty where it was used to record native poetry as well .

neg: Kōdan is a style of traditional oral Japanese storytelling . The form evolved out of lectures on historical or literary topics given to high-ranking nobles of the Heian period , changing over the centuries to be adopted by the general samurai class and eventually by commoners , and eventually , by the end of the Edo period , declining in favor of new types of entertainment and storytelling such as naniwa-bushi . It was at this time that the term kōshaku was abandoned and kōdan adopted . Today , after a failed attempt to revive the art in 1974 , there are four schools of kōdan and only a very few performers between them .   Kōdan is usually performed sitting behind a desk or lectern , and using wooden clappers or a fan to mark the rhythm of the recitation . This derives from the origin of the art form in cultural , literary or historical lectures given in the Heian period courts .   During the Muromachi period ( 1333 -- 1568 ) , the form was adopted or revived by the general samurai class for educational purposes . Dramatic readings from historical war chronicles ( gunki monogatari ) such as Taiheiki and Heike Monogatari were organized . By the beginning of the Edo period in 1600 , the form had developed even further and spread to become even more commonplace . Masterless samurai ( ronin ) would often support themselves by performing dramatic readings of Taiheiki or other chronicles and tales . It was at this time that the form expanded to include not just the classic standard chronicles but general historical events as well , which were not codified into a set written form . Where readers of the Heian period read directly from classical texts , kōshakushi of the Edo period prided themselves on their knowledge of history and told stories both contemporary and historical . They memorized not the precise words and phrases of a story , but the details of the events themselves , which could then be formed into a story , somewhat different each time it is told . Soon the stories began to center not around samurai and nobles , but around townsfolk , thieves , and vigilantes ; the storytellers adapted to their own tastes , their own knowledge , and that of their audience , which was increasingly townsfolk and not nobility .   In 1700 , a man by the name of Nawa Seizaemon opened the Taiheiki-ba in the Akasaka section of Edo ( now Tokyo ) , becoming the first professional kōshakushi . Kōdan remained strong for many years , and gained a new popularity after the Meiji Restoration ( 1868 ) , which , being a quite major event , supplied the performers with much new material . At one point , there were fifty performance halls in Tokyo devoted primarily or exclusively to kōdan . By the beginning of World War II , there were still six or seven .   Though the arrival of movies , records , and other forms of entertainment eclipsed kōdan in the early 20th century , the art form contributed heavily to various forms of Japanese theater and to the development in Japan of the modern popular fiction novel .

neg: Posthumous execution Posthumous execution is the ritual or ceremonial mutilation of an already dead body as a punishment . It is typically performed to show that even in death , one can not escape justice .

neg: Seungjeonmu Seungjeonmu is a Korean court dance to wish for and celebrate victory . It is originated 2000 years ago and is composed of a sword dance and drum dance called mugo . Seungjeonmu or Dance of Military Triumph was performed to wish for victory from gods of earth and heaven when the nation was at war . Seungjeonmu is South Korea 's Important Intangible Cultural Properties number 21 , designated on December 21 , 1968 . The dance is performed in honor of Admiral Yi Sun shin who gained victory during the Imjin war ( 1592-1598 ) of the mid-Joseon dynasty .

neg: Korean sword The history of the sword ( Korean geom 검 ; 劍 ) in the Korean Peninsula begins with imports via Bronze Age in the mid 1st millennium BCE .  Native production of Bronze and Iron swords appears to pick up beginning in the mid 1st millennium CE .   Korea had its separate sword industry and a native tradition of Korean swordsmanship during the Joseon Dynasty  ( 15th to 19th centuries ) .  This tradition was eclipsed by the Japanese occupation of Korea ( 1910-1945 ) .  Since the later 20th century , there have been efforts towards reviving the lost arts of Korean sword-making and swordsmanship .   Elements of the Korean sword include : geomjip or scabbard , most often of lacquer ; hyuljo or fuller ( most genuine Korean swords did n't have a fuller ) ; hwando magi or collar ; ho in or collar ; kodeungi or hand guard ; a ring-design pommel ; tassels ; a round and wide designed sword guard , or a straight lotus design .

neg: Office of the Yi Dynasty The Office of the Yi Dynasty or called Yiwangjik was an organization to manage every affairs related to the royal House of Yi of Korea during the Japanese occupation . It was established in February 1911 under the direction of the Japanese Government-General of Korea . As the Empire of Korea was relegated to the Yi Dynasty after the annexation of Korea to Japan in 1910 , Yiwangjik was descended from `` Gungnaebu '' ( Department of the Royal Household ) of the Korean Empire which was in charge of the affairs of the royal family . It is also translated into English as `` Yi Royal Household '' or `` Office of Yi Royal Family '' The term , Yiwangjik comprises three words in Korean ; Yi means the House of Yi and `` wang '' means titles and ranks of the royalty by Japanese investiture , and jik refers to government office .   The office also governed the affairs related to documenting the House of Yi , so compiled the Annal of Gojong and Sujong . Appointments , rewards , and punishment on officers of Yiwangjik was governed by the Japanese Imperial Household Ministry as well as supervised by the Governor-General of Korea .

neg: Barachum Barachum is a representative of the Korean Buddhist ritual dance , ( jakbeop ) , and is performed by Buddhist monks with bara ( hangul : 바라 ) . The term bara describes a cymbal-like Korean instrument made with brass . The dance is composed of splendid and complicated movements among the jakbeop . Performers playing bara repeatedly step back and forth or revolve in agile action . The purpose of barachum is to expel evil spirits and to purify the mind .

neg: Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube .   Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world .   Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .

neg: Kaishaku (manga group) is a group of two manga artists consisting of and . The name comes from , an appointed second person whose duty it is to decapitate one who commits seppuku - ritual suicide by disembowelment . Their anime also tends to have a happier ending after the credits on each last episode .

neg: Shin Jeong-yil Shin Jeong Yil ( Shin Jeongyil , hangul : 신정일 , hanja : 申正一 , 1938 -- 1999 ) was a Korean religious leader ( the founder of Hanol-gyo ) , a politician and an entrepreneur .   Hanol-gyo ( Korean : 한얼교 , Hanol gyo or Hanolgyo ) is a Korean religion founded by Shin Jeong Yil . Hanol-gyo can be regarded as the religious re-establishment of the Korean national founding philosophy which foresaw the possibility of an evolution in human consciousness 5000 years ago .   Hanol-gyo is an unconventional religion : it is the teachings on enlightenment and awakening ; it pursues self-liberation of consciousness rather than the traditional ways of religious worship . Hanol-gyo permits its participants to practice other religions as well : it honors and respects all other enlightened beings ( Dangun , Buddha , Jesus , Lao-tzu , Confucius , etc. ) , along with their teachings and their religions ; it aims to overcome religious separation and unite under the name of Truth .   The Founder 's Doctrine is `` Naol is Hanol '' , which means `` My true spiritual nature is one with the spiritual nature of All . ''   When Hanol-gyo was first founded 50 years ago , the society was suffering from the aftermath of the Korean War under the strict Military regime .  Despite the unfavorable circumstances , the rise of the Hanol Spiritual Movement with 800,000 followers allowed the Governmental recognition of Hanol-gyo by 1967 . After the recognition , Hanol-gyo branches were rapidly established throughout the country and Hanol-gyo reached 2 million members at its peak .   As a politician , Shin Jeong Yil formed the Unified Korea Political Party and ran for the Korean Presidency twice , in the 13th Presidency in 1987 and 15th Presidency in 1997 .   As the Founder and Chairman of the Hanon Group , Shin Jeong Yil acquired the right to develop one of the largest crude oil mines in Iraq . He protested against the war in Iraq and supplied medicine for the children suffering from the war . As recognition of his humanitarian and diplomatic efforts , he was appointed to the Honorary Consul by both the Iraqi and Korean governments .   In 1998 , Shin Jeong Yil published the Hanol Scriptures , the compilation of 36 books containing the profound teachings on the Truth and its applications on philosophy , epistemology , metaphysics , science , economics , politics , society , nature , culture and religion .   Shin Jeong Yil died in 1999 . According to the press , `` unprecedented number of sari ( sacred crystals found among the cremated remains of enlightened monks and Buddha ) were found and witnessed by many people including clerics and monks of other religions . Hanol-gyo has been exhibiting the sari at the Commemoration Ceremonies of the Founder . ''

neg: Gut (ritual) Gut or kut , also spelled goot , is the ritual performed by Korean mu ( shamans ) in the tradition of Sinism ( or Muism ) , involving offerings a sacrifices to the gods and ancestor worship , rhythmic movements , songs , oracles and prayers . The main varieties of the gut are naerim-gut , dodang-gut and ssitgim-gut .   These rites are meant to create welfare , promoting commitment between the spiritual and the mundane world . Through singing and dancing the mu begs the gods to intervene in the fortunes of men . The shaman wears a very colourful costume and normally speaks in ecstasy . During a gut a shaman changes his or her costume several times . Gut are performed through a number of ceremonial phases , gori .

neg: Emblem of South Korea The National Emblem of the Republic of Korea ( Hangul : 대한민국의 국장 / Hanja : -LSB- -LSB- ) consists of the taeguk symbol present on the country 's national flag surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon bearing the inscription `` The Republic of Korea '' ( Daehan Minguk ) , the official name of the country , in Hangul characters . The Taegeuk represents peace and harmony . The five petals all have meaning and are related to Korea 's national flower , the Hibiscus syriacus , or Rose of Sharon ( mugunghwa . The emblem was adopted in 1963 .

neg: 105-Man Incident The 105-Man Incident ( Korean :105 인 사건 , hanja : 百五人事件 , -LSB- Paego-in sakkon -RSB- ) or Seoncheon Incident took place while Korea was under Japanese rule .   In 1911 , apparently as a result of several Korean attempts in 1910 to assassinate Masatake Terauchi , the Governor-General of Korea ( Chōsen Sōtoku ) , over 700 Koreans , many of whom were Christians , were arrested . In 1912 , the Governor-General sent 122 of those arrested to the Court of Justice , and 105 of them were sentenced to imprisonment with hard labor . In the end , only six Koreans had their sentences imposed , but even they were released in 1915 after being granted amnesty .

neg: Timeline of the Gwangmu Reform The following is a timeline of the Gwangmu Reform , which was a reforms for modernize Korea from the late 19th century to the early 20th century . Although many people have the notion that this period was marked with the fight for power between Heungseon Daewongun ( 흥선대원군 , 興宣大院君 - King Gojong 's father ) and Queen Min ( King Gojong 's wife ) , it was rather the era of great changes relevant to modernisation after the harsh oppressive years during the `` Regency '' of King Gojong 's father . This reform also was one of the most successful for modernising in a short period of time during Korean history . Although the reform was mostly centred on the time period after the proclamation of the Korean Empire , it includes a number of other previous events that are closely related to the reform .

neg: Hurung Royal Tomb The Hurŭng Royal Tomb is a 15th-century mausoleum located in Ryongjong-ri , Kaepung-gun near Kaesong , North Korea . The site consists of two separate burial mounds , which contain the remains of Jongjong , the second king of the Joseon dynasty and son of its founder Taejo , as well as the body of his wife , Queen Jongan . Construction on the tombs began after Jongan 's death in 1412 , and was only completed after Jongjong himself died in 1419 . Both tombs consist of a burial mound ringed with a carved granite base ; they are surrounded by statues of the twelve zodiac animals . The `` spirit road '' up to the tombs is lined with statues of military officers and Confucian officials .   Despite being the tomb of a Joseon monarch , the site was excluded from the World Heritage Site `` Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty '' as it is located in North Korea . It is one of only two royal tombs from that dynasty in the country ; the other , Cherung , belongs to Queen Sinui , wife of the dynasty 's founder Taejo , who died before her husband became king and moved the capital to Seoul .

neg: Dano (Korean festival) Dano , also called Surit-nal , is a Korean traditional holiday that falls on the 5th day of the fifth month of the lunar Korean calendar . It is an official holiday in North Korea and one of the major traditional holidays in South Korea . South Korea has retained several festivals related to the holiday , one of which is Gangneung Dano Festival designated by UNESCO as a `` Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity '' .   In the Mahan confederacy of ancient Korea , this was a day of spiritual rites , and enjoyment with song , dance , and wine . Traditionally , women washed their hair in water boiled with Sweet Flag ( changpo , believed to make one 's hair shiny . People wore blue and red clothes and dyed hairpins red with the iris roots . Men wore iris roots around their waist to ward off evil spirits . Herbs wet with dew on this morning were said to heal stomachaches and wounds . Traditional foods include surichitteok , ssuktteok , and other herb rice cakes .   The persisting folk games of Dano are the swing , ssireum , stone battle game seokjeon and taekkyon . The swing was a game played by women , while ssireum was a wrestling match among men . In addition , mask dance used to be popular among peasants due to its penchant for satirical lyrics flouting local aristocrats .


query: Diego Costa's birth month is October.

pos: Diego Costa Diego da Silva Costa ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo ða ˈsilβa ˈkosta -RSB- , -LSB- ˈdʒjeɡu dɐ ˈsiwvɐ ˈkɔstɐ -RSB- ; born 7 October 1988 ) , is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for English club Chelsea and the Spain national team . He has been described by pundits as a talented striker whose main attributes are his physicality , goalscoring and ability to keep possession . Costa has been criticised and punished for several confrontations with opponents .   He began his career with Braga and Penafiel in Portugal , and was signed by Atlético Madrid in 2007 . He was loaned back to Braga , and then to Celta de Vigo and Albacete before being sold to Real Valladolid in 2009 . He returned to Atlético the following season and went on to play a key role in their attack , scoring 27 goals as they won the league title in 2014 , and then joined Chelsea for # 32 million . He scored 21 goals in his first season in England , winning the Premier League and League Cup .   Internationally , Costa played twice for his native Brazil in 2013 , but later declared his desire to represent Spain , having been granted Spanish citizenship in September 2013 . He made his debut for his adopted nation in March 2014 , and represented them at the 2014 FIFA World Cup .

neg: Diego David Jiménez Diego David Jiménez Martínez ( born 29 May 1979 in Alcoy , Alcoià , Valencian Community ) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder .

neg: Diego de Nicuesa Diego de Nicuesa ( died 1511 ) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer .   Diego arrived Santo Domingo in April 1502 , with Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres ' flotilla .   In 1506 , Nicuesa was given the job of governing Costa Rica , but ran aground off the coast of Panama . He made his way north overland , against resistance from the native population . The combination of guerrilla warfare and tropical disease killed half his expedition before he gave up .   In 1508 , Diego de Nicuesa received a land grant at Veragua from Ferdinand II of Aragon , the Spanish monarch . He became founder and governor of Castilla de Oro , in what is now Panama , one of the first two Spanish settlements on the American mainland .   In 1510 he founded the colony of Nombre de Dios . The colony suffered from hunger , hostile natives , and illness , and was ultimately saved by the arrival of Colmenares , a companion who was coming after with supplies . The party abandoned the colony to sail to the more prosperous colony of Santa María la Antigua del Darién , which had been established by the conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa without the knowledge of Nicuesa . Informed by Colmenares of the new colony established within the borders of his territory , he headed to the colony to punish the colonists and take possession of it . But the colonists of Santa Maria were warned of the governor 's intent and denied him entry . While most of Nicuesa 's men were granted the right to stay in Balboa 's colony , Nicuesa and 17 loyal followers were put out to sea . Nicuesa headed for the Santo Domingo but the ship disappeared and was never found again .

neg: Murder of Lorenzo González Cacho Lorenzo Ahmed González Cacho ( November 29 , 2001 -- March 9 , 2010 ) was an eight-year-old Puerto Rican boy that was murdered in his home in Dorado , Puerto Rico on March 9 , 2010 . At the time of his death , his mother , Ana Cacho , and two sisters were at the house .   The case has gained notoriety in the island for the discrepancies and irregularities surrounding the evidence and testimonies about it , which initially led to the boy 's mother along with three other males to be labeled potential suspects by the island 's Secretary of Justice at the time Guillermo Somoza . However , on March 9 , 2015 , on the 5th year anniversary of the murder , the Puerto Rico Justice Department announced that the mother along with the three men , were no longer suspects .   The Department of Justice confirmed on March 7 , 2016 that charges be filed for the crime of first degree murder against Luis Gustavo Rivera Seijo , better known as `` El Manco '' , for the child 's death . On April 28 , 2016 charges against Rivera Seijo were dropped due to total lack of evidence ( DNA , fingerprints , etc. ) that could prove the presence of Rivera Seijo in Cacho 's residence . On June 7 , 2016 , in a trial on appeal , the charges against Rivera Seijo were dropped again due to total lack of evidence ( DNA , fingerprints , etc. ) that could prove the presence of Rivera Seijo in Cacho 's residence .

neg: Bruno Sarpa Costa Bruno Sarpa Costa ( born October 29 , 1984 ) is a Brazilian football player .

neg: Constantine Andreou Constantine Andreou ( also : Costas Andreou , Kostas Andreou ; Constantin Andréou , Costas Andréou Κωνσταντίνος Ανδρέου , Κώστας Ανδρέου ) ( March 24 , 1917 -- October 8 , 2007 ) was a painter and sculptor of Greek origin with a highly successful career that spanned six decades . Andreou has been praised by many as an eminent figure in international art of the 20th century .

neg: Andrea Costa Andrea Costa ( 30 November 1851 -- 19 January 1910 ) was an Italian socialist activist , born in Imola .   He co-founded the Partito dei Lavoratori Italiani in 1892 after renouncing his anarchist principles in 1879 . It is probable that this happened due to his marriage to Russian Socialist Anna Kulischov . In his book My Years in Exile , Edward Bernstein wrote of the conversion : `` When -LSB- Filippo Marzotti -RSB- first heard the news that Costa was lost to the Anarchist cause , he excitedly raised his hands above his head , and cried repeatedly , almost in desperation : ` Anna ! Anna ! Anna ! ' '' .   In his later years Costa was an active politician ; he served as mayor of Imola and as a representative in the Italian Parliament .   He died in Imola in 1910 .

neg: Luiz Carlos da Costa Luiz Carlos da Costa ( 4 June 1949 -- 12 January 2010 ) was an international civil servant working for the United Nations . Originally from Brazil , Costa joined the United Nations in 1969 and stayed with the organization for the remainder of his life . His last assignment was as the Principal Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Haiti and second in command of the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti ( MINUSTAH ) . He died together with his superior , Tunisian Hédi Annabi , in the 2010 Haiti earthquake . On 18 January 2010 , UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and several high-ranking UN officials traveled from New York to Port-au-Prince to see the devastation firsthand . Mr. Ban hosted a small memorial service with both men 's families at the airport in Port-au-Prince .   Costa received his M.A. in international business and political science from New York University in 1978 . , he was married with two children .   Costa was the highest ranking Brazilian in the United Nations . After Costa 's death , he was described by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as `` a legend of UN peacekeeping operations '' and `` a mentor to generations of UN staff '' . Due to his nationality and prominence in the UN hierarchy , Costa had been compared to Sérgio Vieira de Mello , who was also killed during a peacekeeping mission .

neg: Diego Giaretta Diego da Silva Giaretta , commonly known as Diego Giaretta ( born November 27 , 1983 ) , born in Cascavel is a Brazilian footballer , as left back and center back .

neg: Fernando Santos Costa Fernando dos Santos Costa ( December 19 , 1899 - October 15 , 1982 ) was an officer of the Portuguese Army , who was a member of the Government of Salazar , from 1936 to 1958 .   In the Government , he held the offices of Under-Secretary of State of War ( 1936-1944 ) , Minister of War ( 1944-1950 ) and Minister of National Defense ( 1950-1958 ) .

neg: Cosculluela José Fernando Cosculluela Suárez ( born October 15 , 1980 ) , also known artistically as Cosculluela , is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter .

neg: August October `` August October '' is a song written and performed by English singer-songwriter Robin Gibb , the second and the last song released from the album Robin 's Reign . It reached # 45 in the UK in three weeks . It was also charted in other countries like Germany ( # 12 ) , New Zealand ( # 11 ) and in Denmark ( # 3 ) . It was backed by `` Give Me a Smile '' , a song also appeared on his debut album . It was released as a single in February 1970 , same month on which the album was released . It was later covered by Elton John .

neg: Diego Bermúdez Diego Bermúdez ( 1850 -- 1923 ) , known as El Tenazas -LSB- English : `` the Tongs '' or `` the Pliers '' -RSB- or Tío Tenazas -LSB- `` Uncle '' Tenazas -RSB- was a Spanish flamenco cantaor -LSB- singer -RSB- . When already long retired and in his seventies , he nonetheless `` vaulted from obscurity to fame in a 1922 flamenco contest . ''   Born in Moron de la Frontera , El Tenazas learned his art during the era of the legendary cantaor Silverio Franconetti . He had long since retired from performing , due to an injury , when the Concurso de Cante Jondo was scheduled to be held in Granada during June 1922 . There he managed to excite and enchant the festival with his style , which recalled a prior age of the Flamenco art . He was awarded a large prize and became widely known in flamenco circles .   He then toured Spain , later returning to his home in Puente Genil where he died the following year .   He was featured on the Travel Channel series `` Mysteries at the Castle , Season 3 , Episode 10 in 2016 .

neg: Hugo Costa Hugo Alexandre Esteves Costa ( born 4 November 1973 ) is a retired Portuguese footballer who played as a central defender .

neg: San Vito (Costa Rica) San Vito ( -LSB- san bito -RSB- ) , originally named San Vito de Java , is the capital of the Coto Brus district of Puntarenas Province , Costa Rica . It is located about 271 km southeast of the capital San José , and close to the Panama border .   The city is located on a high plateau with very irregular topography , at an altitude of 996 m above sea level in the foothills of the Talamanca Mountain Range . The narrow and fast-flowing Java River traverses the outskirts of San Vito from northeast to southeast .   San Vito was founded in 1952 , since when it has become an important centre in Costa Rica 's Brunca region .   The area of the district is 14237 km ² , with an estimated population of 14,839 inhabitants as of 2011 . Of these , around 5,000 live in the city .

neg: 1998 Toshiba Classic The 1998 Toshiba Classic was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the La Costa Resort and Spa in San Diego , California in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 1998 WTA Tour . The tournament was held from August 3 through August 9 , 1998 .

neg: Gabino Diego Gabino Diego Solís is a Spanish actor , born on 18 September 1966 in Madrid . He was educated at Runnymede College , in Madrid .   His credits include : ¡ Ay Carmela ! and Belle Époque .

neg: Fábio Costa Fabio Costa ( born 27 November 1977 in Camaçari , Bahia ) is a former Brazilian goalkeeper .


query: Steven Gerrard represented his country at three UEFA European Football Championships.

pos: Steven Gerrard Steven George Gerrard , ( born 30 May 1980 ) is an English football coach and former player who currently serves as an Academy coach at Liverpool and will take over as manager of the club 's U18 side ahead of the 2017 -- 18 season .  He played as a central midfielder and spent the majority of his career playing for Premier League club Liverpool , with most of that time spent as their captain .   Gerrard spent 17 seasons at Anfield , making his Liverpool debut in 1998 , cementing his place in the first team in 2000 , and succeeding Sami Hyypiä as team captain in 2003 . His honours include two FA Cups , three League Cups , one UEFA Champions League , one UEFA Cup , and one UEFA Super Cup . Gerrard scored Liverpool 's first goal and won the penalty kick for the third as Liverpool came from 3 -- 0 down to defeat Milan in the 2005 Champions League Final . He joined Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy in July 2015 , spending one-and-a-half seasons there before retiring on 24 November 2016 .   Gerrard made his international debut for the England national football team in 2000 , and represented his country at the 2000 , 2004 and 2012 UEFA European Football Championships , as well as the 2006 , 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups -- captaining the team at the latter two tournaments . He was named as the permanent England captain shortly before UEFA Euro 2012 , where he was named in the UEFA Team of the Tournament . Gerrard became the sixth player to win 100 caps for England in 2012 , and is currently fourth in the country 's all-time appearance list . He ended his international career in July 2014 , having won 114 caps .   Regarded to be one of the greatest midfielders of his generation , Gerrard came second to Kenny Dalglish in the `` 100 Players Who Shook The Kop '' , a 2008 Liverpool fan poll , and first in 2013 .  Zinedine Zidane and Pelé said in 2009 that they considered Gerrard to be the best footballer in the world . In 2005 , Gerrard was honoured as the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year and won the Ballon d'Or Bronze Award . He has also been named in the PFA Team of the Year a record eight times , the UEFA Team of the Year and FIFA World XI three times , and was named PFA Players ' Player of the Year in 2006 and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 2009 . He is , to date , the only footballer ever to have scored a goal in an FA Cup Final , a League Cup Final , a UEFA Cup Final and a UEFA Champions League Final , also being on the winning team on each occasion .

neg: CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments .   CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members .   CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .

neg: 2009 FIFA Club World Cup The 2009 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was a football tournament played from 9 December to 19 December 2009 . It was the sixth FIFA Club World Cup and was played in Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates . Australia , Japan and Portugal also placed bids to host the tournament , but Portugal later withdrew from the process .   The final was played on 19 December 2009 and was won by European champions Barcelona , who came from behind to defeat the South American entrants , Estudiantes , 2 -- 1 after extra time . Mauro Boselli put Estudiantes ahead in the 37th minute , but Pedro equalised with one minute left in normal time before Lionel Messi scored the winning goal five minutes into the second half of extra time . This made Barcelona the first Spanish side to win the FIFA Club World Cup , and it also meant that they had won a total of six competitions in the 2009 calendar year , beating Liverpool 's record five trophies won in 2001 .

neg: Xabi Alonso Xabier Alonso Olano ( -LSB- ˈʃaβi aˈlons̺o oˈlano -RSB- , -LSB- ˈ ( t ) ʃaβj aˈlonso oˈlano -RSB- ; born 25 November 1981 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central midfielder .   Alonso began his career at Real Sociedad , the main team of his home province Gipuzkoa . After a brief loan period at Eibar , he returned to Sociedad where then-manager John Toshack appointed Alonso as his team captain . Alonso succeeded in the role , taking Real Sociedad to second place in the 2002 -- 03 season . He moved to Liverpool in August 2004 for # 10.5 million . He won the UEFA Champions League in his first season at the club , under manager Rafael Benítez , scoring the equalising goal in the Final against Milan . The following season , he won the FA Cup and the FA Community Shield . He moved to Real Madrid for the start of the 2009 -- 10 season in a deal worth around # 30 million . After five seasons at the club , winning honours including a league title in 2012 and the Champions League in 2014 , he was signed by Bundesliga club Bayern Munich on a two-year contract .   He made his international debut for Spain in April 2003 in a 4 -- 0 victory against Ecuador . While playing for Spain , Alonso has won Euro 2008 , Euro 2012 and the 2010 World Cup , and he has also represented his country at Euro 2004 and the 2006 World Cup . On 23 June 2012 , Alonso won his 100th cap for Spain in the quarter-final of Euro 2012 against France ; he celebrated the occasion by scoring both of Spain 's goals to send them into the semi-finals . Following Spain 's failure to progress out of the group stages at the 2014 World Cup , Alonso retired from international football on 27 August 2014 . His 114 caps make him the fifth-most capped player in the nation 's history .

neg: UEFA Euro 2004 Final The UEFA Euro 2004 Final was a football match played on 4 July 2004 at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon , Portugal to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2004 . The match featured tournament hosts Portugal , who went into the match as favourites , and Greece , playing in only their second European Championship . It was the first time in a major international tournament where both finalists had also played in the opening game of the tournament . Both teams had qualified for the knockout stage from Group A of the tournament 's group stage , with Greece winning 2 -- 1 in the teams ' earlier meeting .   Greece won the final 1 -- 0 , defying odds of 80 -- 1 from the beginning of the tournament , with Angelos Charisteas scoring the winning goal in the 57th minute . While the dedication of the side and the victory were celebrated by their nation , Greece were dubbed by Barry Glendenning of The Guardian as `` the only underdogs in history that everyone wants to see get beaten '' .

neg: UEFA European Championship video games The UEFA European Football Championship has its own video games licensed from European football 's governing body , UEFA . Seven games have been released so far , with the first game released in 1988 . Originally held by Gremlin Interactive , it was then held by Electronic Arts from Euro 2000 till Euro 2012 . Konami have the rights for Euro 2016 .

neg: 2001–02 UEFA Champions League group stage The group stage of the 2001 -- 02 UEFA Champions League was the first stage of the competition proper , following the qualifying phase . 16 winners from the third qualifying round , 10 champions from countries ranked 1 -- 10 , and six second-placed teams from countries ranked 1 -- 6 were drawn into eight groups of four teams each . Play began on 11 September 2001 and ended on 31 October 2001 , when the top two teams in each group advanced to the second group stage , and the third-placed team in each group dropped down to the Third Round of the 2001 -- 02 UEFA Cup .   Due to the September 11 attacks , matches scheduled to take place on 12 September were postponed until 10 October . Matches scheduled on the day of the attacks went ahead with a minute 's silence taking place before kick-off .

neg: UEFA Futsal Championship The UEFA Futsal Championship is the main futsal competition of the men 's national futsal teams governed by UEFA ( the Union of European Football Associations ) .

neg: Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II .   The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final .   Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .

neg: UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying Qualifying for the UEFA Euro 2000 final tournament , took place throughout 1998 and 1999 . Forty-nine teams were divided into nine groups . All teams played against each other , within their groups , in a home-and-away basis . The winner of each group and the best runner-up qualified automatically for the final tournament . The rest of the runners-up played an additional set of playoff matches amongst each other .   Belgium and the Netherlands qualified automatically as co-hosts of the event .

neg: Belgian Golden Shoe In association football , the Belgian Golden Shoe ( Gouden Schoen , Soulier d'Or ) is an award given in Belgium at the beginning of each civil year to the best footballer of the Belgian First Division for the past year . The trophy is sponsored by the Belgian newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws .   The voters are a selection of Belgian press specialists and football personalities . They are invited to vote for the best player of the competition for both half seasons ( previous season second half and current season first half ) . As a result , a player can receive all of his votes in one half season ( e.g. if he joined the championship from abroad during summer ) , or he can receive votes for matches with two ( or more ) different teams , as with Philippe Albert in 1992 and Mbark Boussoufa in 2006 .   Paul Van Himst has collected 4 Belgian Golden Shoes which is the current record . Jan Ceulemans and Wilfried Van Moer have both won the trophy three times . The first foreigner to win the trophy was the Dutchman Johan Boskamp , especially for his excellence during the second half of the 1974-75 season , when his club , RWDM ( currently defunct ) , won its first and only championship title . The only foreigners who have won the award more than once are the Swede Pär Zetterberg and the Moroccan Mbark Boussoufa . In 2011 , Argentinian Matías Suárez became the first South American to be awarded the Golden Shoe .   In 2016 , Tessa Wullaert was awarded the first ever Golden Shoe for women football players .

neg: 3v3 Soccer 3v3 Soccer is a variety of soccer played between two teams . Each team may only have 3 players on the field at a time ( hence providing the name , `` 3 v 3 '' , `` 3 versus 3 '' , or `` 3 on 3 '' ) . This style of soccer is more commonly referred to as a `` small-sided '' game , as compared to a full game with larger teams . The field used is smaller than a regulation soccer pitch , instead it typically is 30 yards wide by 40 yards long , although these dimensions vary quite a bit when the game is played indoors due to the varied styles and sizes of indoor pitches . It uses a much smaller goal than fullsided soccer . In most 3v3 there is no keeper , although one variant , 3v3 Micro Soccer , does use a keeper .   `` 3v3 Soccer '' is claimed to be the fastest growing form of soccer in the World . Its greatest popularity is in the United States , where hundreds , and perhaps thousands of Tournaments take place each year , however it is also now begun to catch on in many other countries . Nike helped to popularize it with its international Joga3 Joga Bonito Tour back in 2006 , in which teams qualified at local events around the World , culminating in a big 3v3 World Cup played in Brazil .   It is a much faster paced , and higher scoring game than traditional full sided soccer . The speed of the attack , the use of triangulation , and the strategies bring aspects of Hockey into the game . The quick shift from one end of the field to the other after a goal is scored , or upon loss of possession is reminiscent of Basketball . It requires the blending of individual skills with teamwork .   Its gain in popularity is largely because every member of the team gets equal playing time , and equal touches on the ball . All players on the field are a part of the play . Because of the speed of the game , and the fact that players are constantly in motion , there are frequent substitutions . A typical player may be rotated on six times or more in one game . There are no permanently assigned positions as there are in full sided soccer , giving each team member equal status and equal importance . This helps to develop individual skills .   Currently there are Four major tours in the United States , Colorado based Kick it 3v3 Soccer http://www.kickit3v3.com/ with their World Championship 's held at the ESPN Wide World Of Sports Complex in Florida , Utah based 3v3 Live , Florida based Challenge3v3 and 3v3 World Tour , a 3v3 soccer tour that offers a 3v3 ranking system . There is also a new California based US 3v3 Soccer is promoting 3v3 soccer throughout California and the West . Canada also finally has its own home grown tour attempting to promote 3v3 there . Ontario based Ultimate 3 on 3 Soccer is the first Canadian based 3v3 Soccer Tour .

neg: UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying Group F The UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying Group F was one of the nine groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 2016 finals tournament . Group F consisted of six teams : Greece , Hungary , Romania , Finland , Northern Ireland , and Faroe Islands , where they played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format .   The top two teams would qualify directly for the finals . The third-placed team would qualify directly too if they had the best records among the third-placed teams of all qualifying groups , otherwise they would enter the play-offs for another chance to qualify .   Northern Ireland and Romania qualified for the finals as the group winners and runners-up respectively . As third-placed Hungary were n't the highest-ranked among all third-placed teams , they advanced to the play-offs , where they won against Norway and thus qualified too .

neg: Graeme Le Saux Graeme Pierre Le Saux ( -LSB- ləˈsoʊ -RSB- ; born 17 October 1968 ) is a retired Jèrriais and English professional footballer of French ancestry . He played from 1989 to 2005 starting as a left winger ( often wearing the number 7 shirt - right winger Dennis Wise would wear number 11 ) during his first spell at Chelsea , eventually becoming a left back for Chelsea , Blackburn Rovers and Southampton , and for the England national football team . He came out of retirement in 2012 by signing with Wembley in order to appear in the club 's FA Cup fixtures .   After beginning playing in Jersey , he moved to England and debuted for Chelsea in 1989 . He left Chelsea in 1993 to join the Blackburn side being built by wealthy benefactor , Jack Walker , and was part of their 1994 -- 95 Premier League winning team . In 1997 , he returned to Chelsea , staying there for six seasons until moving to Southampton in 2003 . He announced his retirement from football upon Southampton 's relegation from the Premier League in 2005 .   In his club playing career , he scored 20 goals from 403 club appearances . He was twice named in the Professional Footballers ' Association Team of the Year , in 1995 with Blackburn and in 1998 with Chelsea . His return to Chelsea in 1997 in a # 5 million transfer made him the most expensive defender in English football . As an England international , he made 36 senior appearances from 1994 until 2000 , including starting all four England games at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France , and scoring one international goal , against Brazil .

neg: Slovenia at the UEFA European Championship Slovenia qualified for one UEFA European Championship so far ( as of 2014 ) , the Euro 2000 tournament . During the qualifiers , they ended second in their group with Norway , Greece , Latvia , Albania and Georgia . This allowed the team to compete for qualification against Ukraine in the play-offs , which the Slovenians won 3 -- 2 on aggregate to qualify for their first major tournament .   At the championship in Belgium and the Netherlands , Slovenia was drawn into group C together with Spain , Yugoslavia and Norway . Despite being an outsider , Slovenia held Serbia and Norway at a draw and only suffered a narrow loss against Spain . With two points , however , Slovenia ended last in their group . Zlatko Zahovič was the country 's star player as he scored three out of four Slovenian goals .

neg: Edmílson José Edmílson Gomes de Moraes ( born 10 July 1976 ) , known simply as Edmílson , is a retired Brazilian footballer .   Either a defensive midfielder or a central defender , he played in three countries in his professional career , representing with team and individual success São Paulo , Lyon and Barcelona ( four seasons each in the last two clubs ) .   Having won 40 caps with Brazil , Edmilson represented the nation at the 2002 World Cup , helping it win the tournament .

neg: 2014 UEFA Europa League Final The 2014 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2013 -- 14 UEFA Europa League , the 43rd season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the fifth season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Juventus Stadium in Turin , Italy on 14 May 2014 , between Spanish side Sevilla and Portuguese side Benfica . Sevilla won the match 4 -- 2 on penalties , following a 0 -- 0 draw after extra time .   Sevilla secured their third title in eight years , after winning the competition in 2006 and 2007 . With this triumph , they joined Juventus ( 1977 , 1990 , 1993 ) , Internazionale ( 1991 , 1994 , 1998 ) and Liverpool ( 1973 , 1976 , 2001 ) as the teams with the most wins . Benfica lost their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final , following their defeat against Chelsea in the 2013 final . Including their runner-up finish in 1983 , Benfica are the team with the most lost finals in the competition .   As the winners , Sevilla earned the right to play against 2013 -- 14 UEFA Champions League winners Real Madrid in the 2014 UEFA Super Cup .

neg: Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament The men 's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London and five other cities in Great Britain from 26 July to 11 August . Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to enter their men 's U-23 teams in regional qualifying competitions , from which 15 teams , plus the hosts Great Britain , reached the final tournament . Men 's teams were allowed to augment their squads with three players over the age of 23 . It was the first major FIFA-organised men 's tournament to be held within the United Kingdom since the 1966 FIFA World Cup and was the first men 's Olympic football tournament to feature a team representing Great Britain since the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome .   The gold medal was won by Mexico who defeated Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final .

neg: 1981–82 British Home Championship The 1981-82 British Home Championship between the British Home Nations was won by a dominant England football team which won all three of its matches as the tournament returned after being abandoned in 1981 due to civil disturbances in Northern Ireland . The championship was eagerly awaited because for the first time since 1958 , three of the Home Nations were featuring in a World Cup ; the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain and this was a chance to see them in competitive action before the World Cup began . The end-of-season format that had been used throughout the 1970s was dropped as it was felt three games in eight days was too intense at the end of a season and prior to a World Cup . The English began impressively with a heavy victory over Northern Ireland at home , followed by victory away in Wales . The Scots could only manage a draw with the disappointing Irish by contrast although they did beat Wales . The Welsh managed to salvage a result in their third game with a 3 -- 0 defeat of Northern Ireland to claim third place . In the final deciding match in Glasgow , England edged victory through a Paul Mariner goal and thus claimed the championship . In the World Cup , Scotland were eliminated in the first round whilst England went out in the second round without losing a game . The unfancied Irish however provided a shock by beating hosts Spain and eliminating Yugoslavia in the first round before falling victim to the inspired French in round two .

neg: Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II .   The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final .   Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .

neg: Italy national under-21 football team The Italy national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Italy and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation .   The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship , held every two years . Italy is the most successful nation in the history of the competition , with five Championships won ( 1992 , 1994 , 1996 , 2000 and 2004 ) . Italy has also been twice runner-up of the competition , in 1986 and 2013 .   From 1990 to 2004 the team established near-total dominance of European Under-21 football , winning five of the seven tournaments .   Italy 's Under-21s played the first match at the new Wembley Stadium , on 24 March 2007 , against England Under-21s . The game resulted in a 3-3 draw , with Giampaolo Pazzini scoring all 3 goals for the Azzurrini .   Prior to the 2008 Olympic games , Italy U-21s went on to win the 2008 Toulon Tournament by beating Chile ( 1-0 ) in the final . It was the first time they had won this tournament , previously their best had been runner-up on two occasions .   In the 2015 U-21 Championship Italy was eliminated in the group stage .


query: Deadpool 2 featured Ryan Reynolds.

pos: Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film directed by Tim Miller and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick , based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . It is the eighth installment and a spin-off in the X-Men film series , and stars Ryan Reynolds as the titular character , as well as Morena Baccarin , Ed Skrein , T. J. Miller , Gina Carano , Leslie Uggams , Brianna Hildebrand , and Stefan Kapičić . In the film , antihero Deadpool hunts the man who nearly destroyed his life while also trying to reunite with his lost love .   Development began in February 2004 with New Line Cinema , but moved in March 2005 to 20th Century Fox who bought the film rights . In May 2009 , after Reynolds portrayed the character in X-Men Origins : Wolverine , to the general disappointment of fans , Fox lent the film to writers , and Miller was hired for his directorial debut in April 2011 . Enthusiastic acclaim for leaked CGI test footage by Miller in July 2014 led to Fox greenlighting the film in September . Additional casting began in early 2015 , and principal photography commenced in Vancouver from March to May .   Deadpool premiered in Paris on February 8 , 2016 , and was released on February 12 in the United States in IMAX , DLP , D-Box , and premium large format . Critics praised Reynolds ' performance as well as the film 's style , faithful depiction of the titular character , and action sequences , but criticized its plot as formulaic . It received various awards and nominations , including two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , and a Producers Guild of America Award nomination for Best Theatrical Motion Picture . It also won two Critics ' Choice Movie Awards for Best Comedy and Best Actor in a Comedy .   The film was also a significant commercial success , grossing over $ 783million worldwide and breaking numerous box-office records , becoming the ninth highest-grossing film of 2016 , the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time when unadjusted for inflation , and the highest-grossing X-Men film . Shortly after the film 's success , Fox ordered development of a sequel scheduled to be released on June 1 , 2018 .

neg: Killer Instinct 2 Killer Instinct 2 is a fighting video game developed by Rare and manufactured by Midway for arcades in 1996 as a sequel to Killer Instinct ( 1994 ) . A modified version of Killer Instinct 2 , licensed by Nintendo , was published for the Nintendo 64 as Killer Instinct Gold that same year . A Super Nintendo Entertainment System version of Killer Instinct 2 was developed and completed , but never released . A digital port of the game for Xbox One is bundled with the second season of Killer Instinct ( 2013 ) under the title Killer Instinct 2 Classic .

neg: Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance ( also known as Ghost Rider 2 ) is a 2011 American 3D supernatural superhero film based on the Marvel Comics antihero Ghost Rider . It is the stand-alone sequel to the 2007 film Ghost Rider and features Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze/Ghost Rider with supporting roles portrayed by Ciarán Hinds ( replacing Peter Fonda ) , Violante Placido , Johnny Whitworth , Christopher Lambert , and Idris Elba . The film was directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor , from a screenplay written by David S. Goyer , Scott M. Gimple and Seth Hoffman . Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance was released in theaters on February 17 , 2012 in 3D and 2D .   Critical reception was largely negative ; critics and fans criticized the script , CGI , and acting . Despite this , the film grossed more than $ 132 million against its $ 57 million budget . Nicolas Cage has said that he is `` done '' with the Ghost Rider films and a planned sequel was canceled . By May 2013 , the film rights to Ghost Rider had reverted to Marvel Studios and the Robbie Reyes version of Ghost Rider appears in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: The Smurfs 2 The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film and a sequel to the 2011 film The Smurfs . It is loosely based on The Smurfs comic-book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo . It is the second and final installment of a projected duology , produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Columbia Pictures . The film is directed by Raja Gosnell , who helmed the first , with all the main cast returning . New cast members include Christina Ricci and J. B. Smoove as members of the Naughties , and Brendan Gleeson as Patrick Winslow 's stepfather . The film was released on July 31 , 2013 and is dedicated to Jonathan Winters , who voiced Papa Smurf and died on April 11 , 2013 .   Its gross of $ 347 million was seen by Sony as a disappointment , which Box Office Mojo labelled as `` an unprecedented drop for a closely-timed family sequel '' and attributed to the negative reception of the first film and to the strong competition coming from another family sequel Despicable Me 2 .

neg: The Hangover Part II The Hangover Part II is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2009 film The Hangover and the second installment in The Hangover trilogy . Directed by Todd Phillips , who co-wrote the script with Craig Mazin and Scot Armstrong , the film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Ken Jeong , Jeffrey Tambor , Justin Bartha , and Paul Giamatti . It tells the story of Phil , Stu , Alan , and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu 's wedding . After the bachelor party in Las Vegas , Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe , subdued pre-wedding brunch . Things do not go as planned , resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night .   Development began in April 2009 , two months before The Hangover was released . The principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film . Production began in October 2010 , in Ontario , California , before moving on location in Thailand . The film was released on May 26 , 2011 and became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy during its theatrical run .   A third and final installment , The Hangover Part III , was released on May 23 , 2013 .

neg: Kung Fu Panda 2 Kung Fu Panda 2 is a 2011 3D American computer-animated comedy-drama martial arts film , directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson , produced by DreamWorks Animation , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2008 film Kung Fu Panda and the second installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise .   Jack Black , Angelina Jolie , Dustin Hoffman , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , James Hong , and Jackie Chan reprise their character roles from the original film . They are joined by Gary Oldman , Michelle Yeoh and Danny McBride . In the film , Po and the Furious Five battle an evil peacock named Lord Shen who has a powerful weapon that he plans to conquer China with . However Po discovers a terrifying secret about his past in the process .   The film was released in theatres May 26 , 2011 in Real D 3D and Digital 3D . Kung Fu Panda 2 grossed $ 665 million worldwide against its $ 150 million budget . The film was the highest-grossing animated feature film of the year and was nominated for the 2011 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards .   A sequel , titled Kung Fu Panda 3 , and directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni , was released on January 29 , 2016 .

neg: Ken Marino Kenneth Joseph `` Ken '' Marino ( born December 19 , 1968 ) is an American actor , comedian , director , and screenwriter . He was a cast member on MTV 's The State and has starred in shows such as Party Down , Marry Me , Burning Love , and Childrens Hospital .

neg: Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart .   Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative .   `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .

neg: Stroker Ace Stroker Ace is a 1983 American action comedy film , directed by Hal Needham and filmed in North Carolina and Georgia . Burt Reynolds stars as the eponymous Stroker Ace , a NASCAR driver .   The co-stars were Jim Nabors , Loni Anderson , Ned Beatty , Parker Stevenson , and Bubba Smith , with appearances by many NASCAR drivers , such as : Dale Earnhardt , Richard Petty , Neil Bonnett , Harry Gant , Terry Labonte , Kyle Petty , Benny Parsons , Tim Richmond , Ricky Rudd , Cale Yarborough , and announcers Ken Squier , David Hobbs , and Chris Economaki . The movie was filmed on location at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Talladega Superspeedway and the Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton , Georgia . The theme song was performed by Charlie Daniels .   Burt Reynolds turned down the role of astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment to do this film . The role went to Jack Nicholson , who went on to win an Academy Award . Reynolds said he made this decision because `` I felt I owed Hal more than I owed Jim '' but that it was a turning point in his career from which he never recovered . `` That 's where I lost them , '' he says of his fans .   The movie was adapted from the 1974 novel Stand On It , an autobiography of fictional driver `` Stroker Ace . '' The novel 's joint authors , William Neely and Robert K. Ottum , based the book on actual events from the racing world but with their protagonist as the subject .

neg: List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles .   Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive .   Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture .   At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .

neg: Brianna Hildebrand Brianna Caitlin Hildebrand ( born August 14 , 1996 ) is an American actress . She is known for appearing in the web series Annie Undocumented , and as Negasonic Teenage Warhead in the 2016 film Deadpool .

neg: The Hitman's Bodyguard The Hitman 's Bodyguard is an upcoming American action comedy film directed by Patrick Hughes and written by Tom O'Connor . The film stars Ryan Reynolds , Samuel L. Jackson , Gary Oldman , Élodie Yung and Salma Hayek .   The plot follows a bodyguard who is hired to protect a hitman who has to testify at the International Court of Justice . It is scheduled to be released in the United States on August 18 , 2017 .

neg: Swimming Pool (2001 film) Swimming Pool is a 2001 German slasher film , known in Germany as Swimming Pool - Der Tod feiert mit and The Pool in the United States . It was directed by Boris von Sychowski and stars James McAvoy , Isla Fisher , Kristen Miller , and Jason Liggett . It was followed by Swimming Pool 2 in 2005 .

neg: Deliverance Deliverance is a 1972 American rural horror film produced and directed by John Boorman , and starring Jon Voight , Burt Reynolds , Ned Beatty and Ronny Cox , with the latter two making their feature film debuts . The film is based on the 1970 novel of the same name by American author James Dickey , who has a small role in the film as the Sheriff . The screenplay was written by Dickey and an uncredited Boorman . It was a critical success , earning three Academy Award nominations and five Golden Globe nominations .   Widely acclaimed as a landmark picture , the film is noted both for the music scene near the beginning , with one of the city men playing `` Dueling Banjos '' on guitar with a banjo-playing country boy , that sets the tone for what lies ahead -- a trip into unknown and potentially dangerous wilderness -- and for its visceral and notorious male rape scene . In 2008 , Deliverance was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .

neg: The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home .   The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures .   The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .

neg: French Connection II French Connection II is a 1975 crime drama film starring Gene Hackman and directed by John Frankenheimer . It is a fictional sequel to the initially true story of the 1971 Academy Award winning picture The French Connection . The film expands on the central character of Det. Jimmy `` Popeye '' Doyle who travels to Marseille , France where he is attempting to track down French drug-dealer Alain Charnier , who got away at the end of the first film . Hackman won an Academy Award for Best Actor for the original The French Connection and he and Fernando Rey are the only returning cast members .

neg: The Dead and the Damned 2 The Dead and the Damned 2 ( also The Dead , the Damned , and the Darkness and Tom Sawyer vs Zombies ) is a 2014 American horror film written and directed by Rene Perez . It was released direct-to-video on October 7 , 2014 , and is the sequel to the 2010 film The Dead and the Damned .

neg: Smokey and the Bandit II Smokey and the Bandit II is a 1980 American action comedy film directed by Hal Needham , and stars Burt Reynolds , Sally Field , Jerry Reed , Jackie Gleason and Dom DeLuise . The film is the sequel to the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit .   The film was originally released in the United Kingdom , New Zealand , Australia and several other , mainly Commonwealth countries as Smokey and the Bandit Ride Again . Early video releases and TV broadcasts also used this title , but in more recent years have reverted to the original U.S. title . It was followed by a sequel three years later , Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 ( 1983 ) , in which Reynolds appeared only in a brief cameo appearance , and Sally Field was absent completely .   The plot centers on Bo `` Bandit '' Darville ( Burt Reynolds ) and Cledus `` Snowman '' Snow ( Jerry Reed ) , transporting an elephant to the GOP National Convention , with Sheriff Buford T. Justice ( Jackie Gleason ) in hot pursuit once again .

neg: My Super Psycho Sweet 16: Part 2 My Super Psycho Sweet 16 : Part 2 is a 2010 American teen horror slasher film directed by Jacob Gentry and a sequel to My Super Psycho Sweet 16 ( 2009 ) . It premiered on October 22 , 2010 on MTV .   The film is followed by My Super Psycho Sweet 16 : Part 3 ( 2012 ) .

neg: Rapture (BioShock) Rapture is a fictional city in the BioShock series published by 2K Games . It is an underwater city that is the main setting for the games BioShock and BioShock 2 . The city also briefly appears in BioShock Infinite , and is featured in its DLC , Burial at Sea . The game 's back-story describes the city as envisioned by business tycoon Andrew Ryan in the mid-1940s as a means to create a utopia for mankind 's greatest artists and thinkers to prosper in a laissez-faire environment outside of increasing oppression by the world 's governments . However , the lack of government made many people uneasy , and the masses turned toward political activists like Atlas who advocated stability under a government , turning the city into a dystopia ; and on the eve of 1959 , a civil war broke out , leaving much of Rapture 's population dead . The remaining citizens either became psychotic `` Splicers '' due to the effects of ADAM , a substance that can alter genetic material , or have barricaded themselves from the Splicers to protect themselves , leaving the city to fail and fall apart around them .   The player first experiences Rapture in BioShock , in 1960 , a year after the fateful riots , as a man named Jack that has come to Rapture after a plane accident over the mid-Atlantic Ocean where the city was located ; during this , the player comes to learn more about Ryan 's motives and those that he struggled against to keep the city 's ideals until the very end . In BioShock 2 , the player takes the role of a `` Big Daddy '' , a heavily modified humanoid in an armored diving suit , designed to maintain the city , and would soon come to serve the purpose of protecting the Little Sisters as they collect ADAM from `` Angels '' , which are dead bodies that harbor significant amounts of ADAM ; this takes place eight years after the events of the first game , and while Ryan has been killed , there remain those that vie for the vacuum left in his position of power .   Rapture makes a brief appearance near the climax of BioShock Infinite , which is otherwise set in a different dystopian city , Columbia . Downloadable content for Infinite is set in Rapture on New Year 's Eve 1959 , a year before the events of the first BioShock and on the day of the civil war .