query: Ron Cobb is only a designer.

pos: Ron Cobb Ron Cobb ( born 1937 ) is an American cartoonist , artist , writer , film designer , and film director .   By the age of 18 , with no formal training in graphic illustration , Cobb was working as an animation `` inbetweener '' artist for Disney Studios in Burbank , California . He progressed to becoming a breakdown artist on the animation feature Sleeping Beauty ( 1959 ) . ( This was the last Disney film to have cels inked by hand . )   After Sleeping Beauty was completed in 1957 , Disney laid off Cobb and he spent the next three years in various jobs -- mail carrier , assembler in a door factory , sign painter 's assistant -- until he was drafted in 1960 into the US Army . For the next two years he delivered classified documents around San Francisco , then , after signing up for an extra year to avoid assignment to the infantry , was sent to Vietnam in 1963 as a draughtsman for the Signal Corps . On his discharge , Cobb began freelancing as an artist . He began to contribute to the Los Angeles Free Press in 1965 .   Edited and published by Art Kunkin , the Los Angeles Free Press was one of the first of the underground newspapers of the 1960s , noted for its radical politics . Cobb 's editorial/political cartoons were a celebrated feature of the Freep , and appeared regularly throughout member newspapers of the Underground Press Syndicate . However , although he was regarded as one of the finest political cartoonists of the mid-1960s to early 1970s , Cobb made very little money from the cartoons and was always looking for work elsewhere.His cartoons were featured in the back to the land magazine `` The Mother Earth News . ''   Among other projects , Cobb designed the cover for Jefferson Airplane 's 1967 album , After Bathing at Baxter 's . He also contributed design work for the cult film , Dark Star ( 1973 ) ( he drew the original design for the exterior of the Dark Star spaceship on a Pancake House napkin ) .   His cartoons from the 1960s and 1970s are collected in RCD-25 ( 1967 ) and Mah Fellow Americans ( 1968 ) ( both Sawyer Press ) , and Raw Sewage ( 1971 ) and My Fellow Americans ( 1971 ) ( both Price Stern and Sloan ) . None of these volumes remains in print .   In 1969 Cobb designed the Ecology symbol , later incorporated into the Ecology Flag .   In 1972 , Cobb moved to Sydney , Australia , where his work appeared in alternative magazines such as The Digger . Independent publishers Wild & Woolley published a `` best of '' collection of the earlier cartoon books , The Cobb Book in 1975 . A follow-up volume , Cobb Again , appeared in 1978 .   In 1981 , Colorvision , a large-format , full-colour monograph appeared , including much of his design work for the films Star Wars ( 1977 ) , Alien ( 1979 ) , and Conan the Barbarian ( 1982 ) , the first feature for which he received the credit of Production Designer . Cobb has also contributed production design to the films The Last Starfighter ( 1984 ) , Leviathan ( 1989 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , True Lies ( 1994 ) , The Sixth Day ( 2000 ) , Cats & Dogs ( 2001 ) , Southland Tales ( 2006 ) , and the Australian feature Garbo , which he directed . Cobb contributed the initial story for Night Skies , an earlier , darker version of E.T. . Steven Spielberg offered him the opportunity to direct this scarier sequel to Close Encounters of the Third Kind until problems arose over special effects that required a major rewrite . While Cobb was in Spain working on Conan the Barbarian , Spielberg supervised the rewrite into the more personal E.T. and ended up directing it himself . Cobb later received some net profit participation .   During the early 1990s , Cobb worked with Rocket Science Games . His designs can be seen most notably in Loadstar : The Legend of Tully Bodine ( 1994 ) and The Space Bar ( 1997 ) , in which he designed all the characters .   Cobb also co-wrote with his wife , Robin Love , one of the ( 1985 -- 1987 ) Twilight Zone episodes .   Among the most famous film props signed by Cobb are two of the swords he designed for the 1982 film Conan the Barbarian ( the `` Father 's Sword '' and the `` Atlantean Sword '' ) . Cobb 's original drawings of the swords are nowadays used , in cinema merchandising , to mass-produce and sell replicas .

neg: Paul Randles Paul Joseph Randles ( December 16 , 1965 -- February 10 , 2003 ) was an American game designer who designed German-style board games .

neg: Ron Reedy Ronald `` Ron '' Reedy , Ph.D. is an American businessman , scientist and researcher . He is most notably recognized for his work in the semiconductor industry where he advanced silicon on sapphire ( SOS ) and CMOS technology .

neg: Randy Parsons Randy Parsons is an American luthier whose client list includes Jack White , Jimmy Page , Sammy Hagar , Death Cab for Cutie , Peter Frampton , Joe Perry , and Modest Mouse .   Parsons has a reputation for using hand tools and traditional methods of guitar building in order to make his work more authentic and personal . His approach is to treat each new guitar like it 's a one-of-a-kind sculpture , and he embraces construction techniques used in the '50s , '60s and '70s . He does not use newer technologies such as CNC machines , plek and fret machines . He is also known for using atypical items in his guitars , such as bones , skulls and other organic materials . Parsons created a line of high-end electric guitars built from recycled car tires , newspapers , non-endangered woods and ceramics .   Parsons creates unique finishes and treatments on his guitars . Parsons used peach colored rose petals that were dried in books and painstakingly applied to the guitar body for the model known as Peach Thief , which was built for singer/songwriter Karen Elson .   Despite starting with no training as a luthier , he has built a business with five different shops . Until 2013 he worked out of his main shop in Seattle , which was run by five women , three of whom are luthiers . In August 2013 , Parsons moved with his main shop to Ventura , California .   Parsons has made 5 guitars for Jack White . White hired Parsons to have a custom Gretsch guitar made rather than working directly with the Gretsch Guitar Company . White wanted the color of the guitar to be copper for the Raconteurs . White 's ideas were integrated into the guitar which would be known as the Triple Jet . The original guitar was painted a copper color . Parsons later suggested using a real copper top . Parsons built the Triple Jet III , which is now White 's number one guitar .   Parsons and White are featured in the documentary `` It Might Get Loud , '' directed by Davis Guggenheim . A modified Gretsch Anniversary Jr. production model is introduced in the movie , which represents an interesting collaboration between White as a creative musician , and Parsons as a guitar builder . Parsons installed a coil from an industrial vacuum cleaner in this guitar named The Green Machine , so that the body could hold a retractable green bullet microphone that White pulls out to sing into .   After seeing the movie , Gretsch Guitars asked Parsons to create his own signature guitar for them . Parsons built a dark , gothic , hot rod Gretsch prototype which uses dried red sunflower seed petals for the finish .   A documentary short film about Parsons , Randy Parsons : American Luthier , premiered at the ITSA Film Festival at the Historic Sonoma Opera Hall on October 1 , 2011 . The film made its television debut on Public Television as part of Reel NW | Season four . It was nominated for an Emmy Award in April , 2015 .

neg: Ron Greene Ronald L. `` Ron '' Greene ( born 1939 ) is an American basketball coach who served as head coach of three Division I college basketball teams , as well as teams in Division II , the World Basketball League , the American Basketball Association , and high school .

neg: Morris Fuller Benton Morris Fuller Benton ( November 30 , 1872 -- June 30 , 1948 ) was an American typeface designer who headed the design department of the American Type Founders ( ATF ) , for which he was the chief type designer from 1900 to 1937 .   Many of Benton 's designs , such as his large family of related sans-serif or `` gothic '' typefaces , including Alternate Gothic , Franklin Gothic , and News Gothic , are still in everyday use .

neg: Archigram __ NOTOC __  Archigram was an avant-garde architectural group formed in the 1960s - based at the Architectural Association , London - that was neofuturistic , anti-heroic and pro-consumerist , drawing inspiration from technology in order to create a new reality that was solely expressed through hypothetical projects . The main members of the group were Peter Cook , Warren Chalk , Ron Herron , Dennis Crompton , Michael Webb and David Greene . Designer Theo Crosby was the `` hidden hand '' behind the group . He gave them coverage in Architectural Design magazine ( where he was an editor from 1953 -- 62 ) , brought them to the attention of the Institute of Contemporary Arts ( ICA ) in London , where , in 1963 , they mounted an exhibition called Living Cities , and in 1964 brought them into the Taylor Woodrow Design Group , which he headed , to take on experimental projects . The pamphlet Archigram I was printed in 1961 to proclaim their ideas . Committed to a ` high tech ' , light weight , infra-structural approach that was focused towards survival technology , the group experimented with modular technology , mobility through the environment , space capsules and mass-consumer imagery . Their works offered a seductive vision of a glamorous future machine age ; however , social and environmental issues were left unaddressed .   Archigram agitated to prevent modernism from becoming a sterile and safe orthodoxy by its adherents . Unlike ephemeralisation from Buckminster Fuller which assumes more must be done with less material ( because material is finite ) , Archigram relies on a future of interminable resources .   The works of Archigram had a neofuturistic slant being influenced by Antonio Sant ` Elia 's works . Buckminster Fuller and Yona Friedman were also important sources of inspiration . The works of Archigram served as a source of inspiration for later works such as the High tech ` Pompidou centre ' 1971 by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano , early Norman Foster works , Gianfranco Franchini and Future Systems . By the early 1970s the strategy of the group had changed . In 1973 Theo Crosby wrote that its members had `` found their original impulses towards megastructures blunted by the changing intellectual climate in England , where the brash dreams of modern architects are received with ever-increasing horror . They are now more concerned with the infiltration of technology into the environment at a much less obvious level '' .   The group was financially supported by mainstream architects , such as David Rock of BDP . Rock later nominated Archigram for the RIBA Royal Gold Medal which they received in 2002 .   Sixpack France dedicated their Summer Spring 2009 Collection to this movement .

neg: Art Nouveau furniture Furniture created in the Art Nouveau style was prominent from the late 19th century to the advent of the First World War . Unlike furniture made by the British Arts and Crafts movement , from which it emerged in stylistic respects , most Art Nouveau furniture was produced in factories by normal manufacturing techniques , which led to tensions with Arts and Crafts figures in England , who criticised continental Art Nouveau furniture for not being '' ` honestly ' constructed . It also tended to be expensive , as a fine finish , usually polished or varnished , was regarded as essential , and continental designs were usually very complex , with curving shapes that were expensive to make . It by no means entirely replaced other styles of furniture , which continued to be popular , with Art Nouveau styles largely restricted to an expensive `` art furniture '' category . The style was named for Siegfried Bing 's Maison de l'Art Nouveau gallery and shop in Paris , which opened in 1895 , and in France and Belgium furniture designers took up the style with more enthusiasm than those of most countries .   Several notable designers were architects who designed furniture for specific buildings they had also designed , a way of working inherited from the Arts and Crafts movement ; these include Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Antoni Gaudí , Hector Guimard and Victor Horta . Mackintosh 's furniture was relatively austere and geometrical , marked by elongated dimensions and right-angles . Continental designs were much more elaborate , often using curved shapes both in the basic shapes of the piece , and in applied decorative motifs . In many ways the old vocabulary and techniques of classic French 18th-century Rococo furniture were re-interpreted in a new style . Luxury veneers were used in the furniture of leading cabinetmakers Georges de Feure and others .   Alphonse Mucha produced a few designs , but was little involved with production . The École de Nancy ( School of Nancy in France ) , the Wiener Werkstätte in Vienna and the Deutscher Werkbund were groupings including many designers of Art Nouveau furniture . The Exposition Universelle de Paris in 1900 was an important showcase for designers , and the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna at Turin in 1902 heavily featured the work of furniture designer Carlo Bugatti of Milan .

neg: The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .

neg: Rad Hourani Rad Hourani is a Canadian designer , photographer , and artist known for his neutral , genderless creations . Born in 1982 in Jordan from a Jordanian-Canadian father and a Syrian mother , he moved to Montreal , Quebec at the age of 16 to complete high school . After his graduation , he began working as an art director . At the age of 23 , he moved to Paris , where he started photography and shooting videos . He then created his first unisex collection and launched his eponymous brand in October 2007 at the age of 25 .   Two years later , he presented his first photo and video exhibition at the Jardins du Palais-Royal in Paris . Since then , Rad Hourani accumulated notoriety exhibiting his photographic work around the world , in particular at the Arnhem Biennale in the Netherlands , at I.T Gallery in Hong Kong , Art Dubai , Arrtco Gallery in Beijing , and Tbilissi for the month of photography in Georgia . He also exhibited a film projection at Centre Pompidou in Paris , an interactive installation at the Tate Modern in London , different installations at FIT Museum in New York , MU Art Center in the Netherlands , and the Herning Museum of Contemporary Art in Denmark . His most recent multidisciplinary exhibitions were presented at the Phi Center in Montreal and at the Canadian Cultural Center in Paris .   In January 2013 , Rad Hourani became an invited member of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture in Paris , marking him both the first Canadian to show during Couture Week , and the first designer to show a unisex collection at this event .   His work is an attentive study of the human body that celebrates neutrality as a defining human trait . The Rad Hourani unisex process advocates non-conformity as the essence of individualism . He sees modernity as an odyssey free of limit , gender , age , religion , boundaries , and conditioning . In his own vision , he is sketching a new , freer way to live .

neg: Ron Marz Ron Marz ( born 17 November 1965 ) is an American comic book writer , known for his work on titles such as Batman/Aliens , DC vs. Marvel , Green Lantern , Silver Surfer , and Witchblade .

neg: Ron Smith (television) Ron Smith ( born July , 8 1966 ) is an American director , voice actor and animator . He has been the voice of Kevin in 3-2-1 Penguins and worked as an assistant engineer on RoboCop : Alpha Commando and a character animator on G.I. Joe : Valor vs. Venom .

neg: Artelys Knitro Artelys Knitro is a commercial software package for solving large scale mathematical optimization problems . Knitro is specialized for nonlinear optimization , but also solves linear programming problems , quadratic programming problems , systems of nonlinear equations , and problems with equilibrium constraints ( complementarities ) . The unknowns in these problems must be continuous variables in continuous functions ; however , functions can be convex or nonconvex . Knitro computes a numerical solution to the problem -- it does not find a symbolic mathematical solution .   Knitro can also solve mixed integer linear , quadratic or nonlinear programming problems , i.e. problems with variables that take integer values .   Optimization problems must be presented to Knitro in mathematical form , and should provide a way of computing function derivatives using sparse matrices . Problems may be written in C , C++ , C# , Fortran , Java , or Python , in which case Knitro is called as a software routine to solve the problem . An often easier approach is to develop the optimization problem in an algebraic modeling language ( AML ) like AIMMS , AMPL , GAMS , Mathematica , MATLAB , R , Mosel ( through the Xpress-NonLinear module ) , etc. . The modeling environment computes function derivatives , and Knitro is called as a `` solver '' from within the environment .   Knitro offers four different optimization algorithms for solving optimization problems . Two algorithms are of the interior point type , and two are of the active set type . These algorithms are known to have fundamentally different characteristics ; for example , interior point methods follow a path through the interior of the feasible region while active set methods tend to stay at the boundaries . Knitro provides both types of algorithm for greater flexibility in solving problems , and allows crossover during the solution process from one algorithm to another . The code also provides a multistart option for promoting the computation of the global minimum .   KNITRO ( original solver name ) , short for `` Nonlinear Interior point Trust Region Optimization '' ( the `` K '' is silent ) was created primarily by Richard Waltz , Jorge Nocedal , Todd Plantenga and Richard Byrd . It is produced by Artelys . KNITRO was introduced in 2001 as a derivative of academic research at Northwestern University ( through Ziena Optimization LLC ) , and has undergone continual improvement since .

neg: Emigre (magazine) Emigre was a graphic design magazine published by Emigre Graphics between 1984 and 2005 ; it was first published in 1984 in San Francisco , California , United States . Art-directed by Rudy VanderLans using fonts designed by his wife , Zuzana Licko , Emigre was one of the first publications to use Macintosh computers and had a large influence on graphic designers moving into desktop publishing ( DTP ) . Its variety of layouts , use of guest designers , and opinionated articles also had an effect on other design publications .   The focus of Emigre was both redundant and wandering -- both positive qualities as a journal produced by a tight and evolving group of designers and writers with Vanderlans at the center . Vanderlans was typically editor , though guest-editors also appeared ( Gail Swanlund , Anne Burdick , Andrew Blauvelt ) and the work/writing of Zuzana Licko and Jeffery Keedy reappeared throughout the magazine 's history .   The magazine began in 1984 with a focus on the émigré . The first eight issues were concerned with boundaries , international culture , travel accounts and alienation ( as the issues ' titles suggest ) . The first eight issues also incorporated a dynamic aesthetic that caught the attention of designers and led to the next stage in the magazine 's evolution .   Beginning with Issue 9 -- devoted to the art of Vaughan Oliver at 4AD -- the magazine explored design in itself , devoting issues to Cranbrook , the Macintosh , type design and individual graphic designers . In two issues in 1992 and 1993 , the magazine chronicled the work of David Carson and Raygun .   Increasingly , Emigre became a platform for essays and writings on design . This aspect of Emigre came to the forefront with issues in 1994 and the magazine changed its format in 1995 from its oversized layout to a text-friendlier format that debuted with Issue 33 . The magazine retained this character through Issue 59 in 2001 .   Emigre then took a sharp turn with four re-formatted issues in 2001 and 2002 that included one DVD ( `` Catfish , '' an experimental documentary film on the work of designer and performance artist Elliott Earls ) and three compact discs ( featuring the music of Honey Barbara , The Grassy Knoll and Scenic .   In its fifth and final incarnation , the last six issues of Emigre were co-published by Princeton Architectural Press as small softcover books . The last issue , The End , was published in 2005 .

neg: Housewares Design Awards The Housewares Design Awards is an annual U. S. product design award competition focused on the housewares industry . The competition was introduced in 2003 by HomeWorld Business , a leading housewares industry trade publication , to recognize design innovation as one of the major drivers for housewares industry growth .   The Housewares Design Awards attracts hundreds of product entries each year . These entries are evaluated by an independent panel of judges made up of renowned designers and retailer buyers , a process managed by the Housewares Design Awards LLC . Products are evaluated along multiple dimensions . Criteria include unique appearance , functionality , positioning , innovative technology or materials , safety , environmental benefits , emotional appeal , social impact and the ability to meet consumer needs .   Twelve `` Best in Category '' Awards and three `` Best of the Best '' awards are presented at the gold , silver and bronze levels . The `` Green House Design Awards , '' which honor eco-friendly housewares products , are also given each year .

neg: Marc Newson Marc Andrew Newson CBE ( born 20 October 1963 ) is an industrial designer who works in aircraft design , product design , furniture design , jewellery , and clothing . His style uses smooth geometric lines , translucency , strength , transparency , and tends to have an absence of sharp edges .

neg: Hobby:tech hobby : tech is an influential DJ , designer and personality from Japan .   He is known as the founder and chief designer of the Japanese streetwear label KIKS TYO .   Aside from his work with KIKS TYO , hobby : tech is known as one of the founding members of Japanese creative team `` BROWNRATS '' , as a recording artist and DJ for Universal Music Japan and as one of Japan 's most prominent and die-hard sneaker collectors . hobby : tech introduces and exposes elements of the worldwide sneaker and streetwear sub-cultures to Japanese audiences via his popular Street Jack Magazine columns `` hobby : tech EX '' and `` FRESH AIR with Hamaji and hobby : tech . ''   His design work has molded a variety of products in collaboration with a multitude of companies and personalities including : New Balance Japan , Nike , Vans , Adidas , Levi 's , Island Records , Eames , United Arrows , Fred Perry , Beams , Arnold Palmer , Honda and Aki Hoshino .

neg: History of fashion design The history of fashion design refers to the development of the fashion industry which designs clothing and accessories . The modern industry , based around firms or fashion houses run by individual designers , started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created .   Couture beginnings . Rose Bertin ( July 2 , 1747 -- September 22 , 1813 ) was the dressmaker named bill to Marie Antoinette , Queen of France , and a high public profile . Sometimes called sarcastically the `` Minister of Fashion '' , she opened a shop in Paris and had a considerable influence on Parisian style , until this was drastically changed by the French Revolution , from which she fled into exile in London for some years .   An outsider to the French Court , Marie Antoinette relied on Bertin 's meticulous designs to help her `` to combat her enemies with style '' . -LSB- 1 -RSB- Marie Antoinette 's unique fashion preferences such as masculine riding breeches or simple muslin shift dressed , contrasted sharply with her elaborate gowns as the Queen attempted to create a persona that would allow the citizens of France to connect with her and her lifestyle . Although Marie Antoinette 's attempts were largely unsuccessful , the ways Bertin helped the Queen articulate herself through fashion were groundbreaking and set a precedent for monarchs who followed . -LSB- 2 -RSB-   An Englishman living in Paris , Charles Frederick Worth ( 1825 - 1905 ) is usually seen as the first designer in something like the modern sense , with a large business employing many largely anonymous tailors and seamstresses . A former draper , Worth 's success was such that he was able to dictate what they should wear to his customers . Launched into the spotlight as the Empress Eugénie 's primary designer , Worth used his royal connections to gain recognition and clients . The proclamation on February 1 , 1853 by Napolón III that no visitors would be received to his court without formal dress meant that the popularity of Worth-style gowns was overwhelming . Ornately decorated and constructed from the finest materials , Worth 's gowns are well known for their crinolines ( cage-like metal structures that held the dress out in a stylish shape .  Throughout the early 20th century , practically all high fashion originated in Paris and to a lesser extent London . Fashion magazines from other countries sent editors to the Paris fashion shows . Department stores sent buyers to the Paris shows , where they purchased garments to copy ( and openly stole the style lines and trim details of others ) . Both made-to-measure salons and ready-to-wear departments featured the latest Paris trends , adapted to the stores ' assumptions about the lifestyles and pocket books of their targeted customers .   At this time in history the division between haute couture and ready-to-wear was not sharply defined . The two separate modes of production were still far from being competitors and they often co-existed in houses where the seamstresses moved freely between made-to-measure and ready-made .   Around the start of the 20th century fashion magazines began to include photographs and became even more influential . Throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought-after and had a profound effect on public taste . Talented illustrators - among them Paul Iribe , Georges Lepape , Erté , and George Barbier - drew attractive fashion plates for these publications , which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty . Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 .

neg: Clean room design Clean room design ( also known as the Chinese wall technique ) is the method of copying a design by reverse engineering and then recreating it without infringing any of the copyrights associated with the original design . Clean room design is useful as a defense against copyright infringement because it relies on independent invention . However , because independent invention is not a defense against patents , clean room designs typically can not be used to circumvent patent restrictions .   The term implies that the design team works in an environment that is `` clean '' or demonstrably uncontaminated by any knowledge of the proprietary techniques used by the competitor .   Typically , a clean-room design is done by having someone examine the system to be reimplemented and having this person write a specification . This specification is then reviewed by a lawyer to ensure that no copyrighted material is included . The specification is then implemented by a team with no connection to the original examiners .

neg: Robert Cobb Robert or Bob Cobb may refer to :   Robert W. Cobb , US government official  Robert Cobb ( American football ) , former American football defensive end  Robert H. Cobb , American restaurateur , owner of the Brown Derby and creator of the Cobb salad  Bob Cobb ( musician ) , Western swing bassist from Wagoner , Oklahoma   Fictional characters  Bob Cobb , the secret identity of Mon-El of the Legion of Superheroes when he lives in Smallville .  Bob Cobb ( Seinfeld ) or `` the Maestro '' , a minor character from the American TV sitcom Seinfeld

neg: Garry Cobb Garry Wilbert Cobb ( born March 16 , 1957 in Carthage , North Carolina ) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League and current radio and television personality on FOX-29 and WPEN in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He was the Republican nominee for Congress in the House election for New Jersey 's 1st congressional district .


query: Mary Tyler Moore starred in a sitcom in the United States.

pos: Mary Tyler Moore Mary Tyler Moore ( December 29 , 1936 -- January 25 , 2017 ) was an American actress , known for her roles in the television sitcoms The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970 -- 1977 ) , in which she starred as Mary Richards , a single woman working as a local news producer in Minneapolis , and The Dick Van Dyke Show ( 1961 -- 1966 ) , in which she played Laura Petrie , a former dancer turned Westchester homemaker , wife and mother . Her film work includes 1967 's Thoroughly Modern Millie and 1980 's Ordinary People , in which she played a role that was very different from the television characters she had portrayed , and for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress .   Due to her roles on both The Mary Tyler Moore Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show , in which her characters often broke from stereotypical images of women and pushed gender norms , Moore became a cultural icon and served as an inspiration for many younger actresses , professional women , and feminists . She was later active in charity work and various political causes , particularly the issues of animal rights and diabetes . She was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes early in the run of The Mary Tyler Moore Show . She also suffered from alcoholism , which she wrote about in her first of two memoirs . In May 2011 , Moore underwent elective brain surgery to remove a benign meningioma . She died from cardiopulmonary arrest due to pneumonia at the age of 80 on January 25 , 2017 .

pos: The Dick Van Dyke Show The Dick Van Dyke Show is an American television sitcom that initially aired on CBS from October 3 , 1961 to June 1 , 1966 , with a total of 158 half-hour episodes spanning over five seasons . The show was created by Carl Reiner and starred Dick Van Dyke , Rose Marie , Morey Amsterdam , Larry Mathews , and Mary Tyler Moore . It centered on the work and home life of television comedy writer Rob Petrie ( Van Dyke ) . The show was produced by Reiner with Bill Persky and Sam Denoff . The music for the show 's theme song was written by Earle Hagen .   The series won 15 Emmy Awards . In 1997 , the episodes `` Coast-to-Coast Big Mouth '' and `` It May Look Like a Walnut '' were ranked at 8 and 15 respectively on TV Guide 's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time . In 2002 , it was ranked at 13 on TV Guide 's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and in 2013 , it was ranked at 20 on their list of the 60 Best Series .

pos: The Mary Tyler Moore Show The Mary Tyler Moore Show , originally known simply by the name of the show 's star , Mary Tyler Moore , is an American sitcom created by James L. Brooks and Allan Burns that aired on CBS from 1970 to 1977 . The program featured American television 's first never-married , independent career woman as the central character .   It is one of the most acclaimed television programs in US television history . It received high praise from critics during its run , including Emmy Awards for Outstanding Comedy Series three years in a row ( 1975 -- 77 ) , and continued to be honored long after the final episode aired . In 2013 , the Writers Guild of America ranked The Mary Tyler Moore Show No. 6 in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time .

neg: What's Happening!! What 's Happening !! is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from August 5 , 1976 , to April 28 , 1979 . The show premiered as a summer series . With good ratings and reviews , and after the failure of several other shows on the network , What 's Happening !! returned in November 1976 as a weekly series . It remained a regular show until 1979 ; ratings were modest . What 's Happening !! was loosely based on the Eric Monte-penned film Cooley High . From 1985 to 1988 , a sequel series called What 's Happening Now !! aired in first-run syndication , with most of the major cast members reprising their roles .   What 's Happening !! was Bud Yorkin 's second series after he ended his partnership with Norman Lear in Tandem Productions . The show was produced by TOY Productions , which was formed by Yorkin , Saul Turtletaub , and Bernie Orenstein after the split .

neg: Fairly Legal Fairly Legal is a television series which aired on USA Network from January 20 , 2011 , to June 15 , 2012 . The series starred Sarah Shahi , Michael Trucco , Virginia Williams , Baron Vaughn , and Ryan Johnson . USA Network canceled the show on November 1 , 2012 , after two seasons , due to low ratings .

neg: Mary Queen of Shops Mary Queen of Shops is a British television series presented by Mary Portas broadcast on BBC Two . The series began with a four-week run starting on 7 June 2007 , and returned for a second series of six episodes beginning on 9 June 2008 . A third three-part series , titled Mary Queen of Charity Shops , began on 2 June 2009 . The show returned for a fourth series on 7 June 2010 , featuring various independent shops , rather than just fashion boutiques . The title of the programme is a play on Mary , Queen of Scots ' name .   In each episode , Mary Portas troubleshoots her way around the UK on a mission to help turn around struggling fashion boutiques . Mary is a leading retail communications expert and is the founder and creative director of Yellowdoor . Her aim is to turn the businesses around and put glamour back into shopping . First , she visits the boutiques while the owners are away . Then she revamps them , gets the shop owners right up-to-date and hopefully helps them to start making money again . In season 3 , Mary takes on other retail shops .   Mary Queen of Shops premiered in the United States on 14 August 2009 on BBC America . The programme also airs on GEM HD in Australia .

neg: That's My Mama That 's My Mama is an American television sitcom that was originally broadcast on the ABC network from September 4 , 1974 until December 24 , 1975 . There are 39 episodes of this series . That 's My Mama was never a ratings success . It was not one of the top 30 most-watched U.S. programs in the Nielsen ratings for either the 1974 -- 75 or 1975 -- 76 television seasons . As a result , the series ended on Christmas Eve of 1975 .

neg: Monty (TV series) Monty is an American sitcom that aired on Fox from January 11 to February 15 , 1994 . The series starred Henry Winkler as Monty Richardson , a loud , obnoxious conservative TV commentator . Richardson had also written a best-selling book titled I 'm Right . I 'm Right . I 'm Right . Shut Up . The series also starred Tom McGowan as his executive producer and David Schwimmer as his left-leaning son . Monty hoped to capitalize on the same family dynamic that made the television show All in the Family a success in the 1970s . However , the show was canceled after six episodes .

neg: The Last Best Year The Last Best Year is a 1990 American made-for-television drama film starring Mary Tyler Moore and Bernadette Peters concerning a lonely woman who discovers that she has a terminal illness . It originally premiered on ABC on November 4 , 1990 .

neg: The Great Indoors (TV series) The Great Indoors was an American sitcom television series starring Joel McHale that aired on CBS from October 27 , 2016 to May 8 , 2017 . The network placed a pilot order on January 29 and a series order on May 13 , 2016 . The series premiered in the 2016 -- 17 United States network television schedule and aired at 8:30 pm . On November 14 , 2016 , CBS picked up the series for a full season of 19 episodes . An additional three episodes were added on January 6 , 2017 , for a 22 episode season .   On May 13 , 2017 , CBS canceled the series after one season .

neg: List of The Middle episodes The Middle is a primetime American comedy series created by DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler for the ABC network . The Middle stars Patricia Heaton and Neil Flynn as Frankie and Mike Heck , a used-car saleswoman and the manager of a small mining firm respectively , who struggle to raise their children in the fictional middle-class town of Orson , Indiana . Their three children include the athletic but underachieving , slow-witted Axl ( Charlie McDermott ) , cluelessly unpopular daughter Sue ( Eden Sher ) , and frustrated , odd child-genius Brick ( Atticus Shaffer ) . The Hecks find themselves embroiled in somewhat unusual events as they attempt to navigate their day-to-day lives . The series was met with a positive reception from television critics when it premiered on September 30 , 2009 , with a score of 70 on the aggregated reviews website Metacritic . On March 3 , 2016 , ABC renewed the series for an eighth season . On January 25 , 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a ninth season .

neg: Lily Tyler Lily Tyler ( previously Moore ) is a fictional character in the USA Network science fiction television series The 4400 .

neg: List of Less Than Perfect episodes Less Than Perfect is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from October 1 , 2002 , to June 6 , 2006 . The show was about a young female office employee ( played by Sara Rue ) and her co-workers .

neg: Ladies Man (1999 TV series) Ladies Man is an American television sitcom series starring Alfred Molina as husband , father , son , ex-husband and son-in-law who lives with a number of women under one roof . The show was first broadcast on September 20 , 1999 , and lasted for two seasons on CBS until June 27 , 2001 . The series co-starred Betty White and is perhaps most memorable for reuniting White and her Golden Girls co-stars Rue McClanahan and Estelle Getty in one of the later episodes .

neg: Everybody Loves Raymond Everybody Loves Raymond is an American television sitcom starring Ray Romano , Patricia Heaton , Brad Garrett , Doris Roberts , Peter Boyle , Madylin Sweeten , and Monica Horan . It premiered on CBS on September 13 , 1996 , and concluded on May 16 , 2005 after nine seasons . Many of the situations from the show could be inspired by the real-life experiences of Romano , creator/producer Phil Rosenthal , and the show 's writing staff . The main characters on the series might possibly be loosely based on Romano and Rosenthal 's real-life family members .

neg: Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .

neg: The Young Ones (TV series) The Young Ones is a British sitcom , broadcast in the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1984 in two six-part series . Shown on BBC2 , it featured anarchic , offbeat humour which helped bring alternative comedy to television in the 1980s and made household names of its writers and performers . In 1985 , it was shown on MTV , one of the first non-music television shows on the fledgling channel . In a 2004 poll , it ranked at number 31 in the BBC 's list of Britain 's Best Sitcoms .

neg: Out of Control (TV series) Out of Control is an American comedy television series that ran on Nickelodeon from 1984 to 1985 , and was one of the first series produced specifically for Nickelodeon .

neg: Vacation Playhouse Vacation Playhouse was an American comedy and drama which was broadcast during the Summer months on CBS from July 22 , 1963 -- August 21 , 1967 . The series aired fifty episodes .

neg: Ally McBeal Ally McBeal is an American legal comedy-drama television series , originally aired on Fox from September 8 , 1997 to May 20 , 2002 . Created by David E. Kelley , the series stars Calista Flockhart in the title role as a young lawyer working in the fictional Boston law firm Cage and Fish , with other young lawyers whose lives and loves were eccentric , humorous and dramatic . The series received critical acclaim in its early seasons , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy in 1997 and 1998 , and also winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1999 .

neg: That's Life (1998 TV series) That 's Life is an American television sitcom that premiered March 10 , 1998 , on ABC . The series is about a blue-collar family living in Queens .

neg: Flo Flo is an American sitcom and a spin-off of Alice that aired on CBS from March 24 , 1980 to July 21 , 1981 . The series starred Polly Holliday as the title character of sassy and street-smart waitress Florence Jean `` Flo '' Castleberry who returns to her hometown of Cowtown , Texas and becomes the proprietor of a rundown old roadhouse that she renames `` Flo 's Yellow Rose '' . Although the series was successfully in the Top 20 throughout its run , it was cancelled at the end of its second season .

neg: The Beverly Hillbillies The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies .   The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox .


query: Jeff Bezos is transferring information to space with Blue Origin.

pos: Blue Origin Blue Origin is an American privately funded aerospace manufacturer and spaceflight services company set up by Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos with its headquarters in Kent , Washington . The company is developing technologies to enable private human access to space with the goal to dramatically lower costs and increase reliability . Blue Origin is employing an incremental approach from suborbital to orbital flight , with each developmental step building on its prior work . The company motto is `` Gradatim Ferociter '' , Latin for `` Step by Step , Ferociously '' . Blue Origin is developing a variety of technologies , with a focus on rocket-powered Vertical Takeoff and Vertical Landing ( VTVL ) vehicles for access to suborbital and orbital space . The company 's name refers to the blue planet , Earth , as the point of origin .   Initially focused on sub-orbital spaceflight , the company has built and flown a testbed of its New Shepard spacecraft design at their Culberson County , Texas facility . The first developmental test flight of the New Shepard was April 29 , 2015 . The uncrewed vehicle flew to its planned test altitude of more than 93.5 km and achieved a top speed of . A second flight was performed on November 23 , 2015 . The vehicle went just beyond altitude reaching space for the first time , and both the space capsule and its rocket booster successfully achieved a soft landing . On January 22 , 2016 Blue Origin re-flew the same New Shepard booster that launched and landed vertically in November 2015 , demonstrating reuse . This time , New Shepard reached an apogee of 333,582 feet ( 101.7 km ) before both capsule and booster returned to Earth for recovery and reuse . On April 2 and June 19 , 2016 , the same New Shepard booster flew for its third and fourth flights , each time exceeding 330000 ft in altitude , before returning for successful soft landings . The first crewed test flights are planned to take place in early 2018 , with the start of commercial service shortly after .   Blue Origin moved into the orbital spaceflight technology business in 2014 , initially as a rocket engine supplier for others , when they entered into a contractual agreement to build a new large rocket engine , the BE-4 , for major US launch system operator United Launch Alliance ( ULA ) . ULA is also considering the BE-3 , Blue Origin 's smaller rocket engine used on New Shepard , for use in a new second stage -- the Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage ( ACES ) -- which will become the primary upper stage for ULA 's Vulcan orbital launch vehicle in the 2020s .  By 2015 , Blue Origin had announced plans to also manufacture and fly its own orbital launch vehicle from the Florida Space Coast .

pos: Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos ( -LSB- ˈbeɪzoʊs -RSB- born Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen ; January 12 , 1964 ) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur , investor , and philanthropist who is best known as the founder , chairman , and chief executive officer of Amazon.com , which is the world 's largest online shopping retailer . The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services , most recently video streaming and audio streaming . Amazon.com is currently the world 's largest Internet sales company on the World Wide Web , as well as being the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services , through its Amazon Web Services arm .   Bezos 's other diversified business interests include aerospace and newspapers . He is the founder and manufacturer of Blue Origin ( founded in 2000 ) with test flights to space which started in 2015 , and plans for commercial suborbital human spaceflight beginning in 2018 . In 2013 , Bezos purchased The Washington Post newspaper . A number of other business investments are managed through Bezos Expeditions .   With an estimated net worth of US$ 82 billion as of May 2017 , Bezos is currently the third-richest person in the world , just behind Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega in first and second places , and just ahead of Warren Buffett in fourth place . His rise to this position occurred after Amazon registered a 67 % jump in share price .

neg: Blue Ocean Strategy Blue Ocean Strategy is a marketing theory from a book published in 2005 which was written by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne , professors at INSEAD and co-directors of the INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute . Based on a study of 150 strategic moves spanning more than a hundred years and thirty industries , Kim & Mauborgne argue that companies can succeed by creating `` blue oceans '' of uncontested market space , as opposed to `` red oceans '' where competitors fight for dominance , the analogy being that an ocean full of vicious competition turns red with blood .   They assert that these strategic moves create a leap in value for the company , its buyers , and its employees while unlocking new demand and making the competition irrelevant . The book presents analytical frameworks and tools to foster an organization 's ability to systematically create and capture blue oceans . The expanded edition of Blue Ocean Strategy was published in February , 2015 .   The expanded edition updates all strategic moves in the book , bringing their stories up to the present , and adds new chapters on achieving strategic alignment and avoiding red ocean traps as well as expanding the discussion on sustainability and renewal .

neg: Brokat From 1996 to 2000 Brokat Technologies ( formerly listed at the NASDAQ and the German Neuer Markt ) was one of the German fast-growning companies of the New Economy age . In November 2001 , it declared insolvency during the bust of dot-com bubble .   Brokat was a global leader in software that enables user-centric business . Brokat 's product families multi-channel infrastructure software , rules management and personalization technology , mobile payment software , and e-finance applications were used by over 3,500 enterprises worldwide including Deutsche Bank , ABN Amro , Allianz , Bank of America , Blue Martini Software , Charter One , DaimlerChrysler , DBS Bank , Fidelity Investments , IBM Corporation , LBBW , MasterCard International , SE-Banken , Sun Microsystems , Swiss Post , T-Motion ( a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom ) , and Toyota . Strategic partners , among others , included Compaq , Intel , IBM , Siemens , and Sun Microsystems . With dual headquarters in San Jose , California and Stuttgart , Germany , Brokat employed over 1,400 people in 17 countries .   Brokat Technologies ( also Brokat AG ; former names were BROKAT Informationssysteme GmbH and BROKAT Systems ) was founded 1994 by Stefan Roever , Boris Anderer , Achim Schlumpberger , Michael Schumacher and Michael Janßen . When Brokat went public in 1998 Stefan Roever became CEO together with Boris Anderer as Co-CEO . Michael Janßen became CFO and Achim Schlumpberger became CTO . In 1999 Anderer and Schlumpberger quit their Executive positions ; Anderer became Chairman of Brokat working on the US expansion and Schlumpberger became Chief Architect of Brokat core technology . Both left the company end of 2000 .   The company was first headquartered in Böblingen , Germany and it moved to nearby Stuttgart in December 1997 . 1998 Brokat went public at the German `` Neuer Markt '' . 1999 Brokat entered the U.S. market by acquiring the Atlanta-based Transaction Software Technologies , Inc. ( TST ) . Furthermore Intel invested 10M EUR in Brokat .   End of 1999 Brokat achieved a market capitalization of more than $ 5 Billion . In 2000 Brokat expanded in the U.S. market by acquiring Gemstone Systems , Inc. , Blaze Software , Inc. and Automated Financial Systems . Furthermore Siemens invested 73M EUR in Brokat . In spring 2000 , Brokat also issued a high-yield bond of $ 125 million led by the West LB bank .   In November 2001 Brokat declared bankruptcy after it was unable to negotiate a restructuring agreement with the creditors of the high yield bond . During the liquidation , the e-payment engineering core was acquired by eOne Global ( a First Data company ) and maintained as a legal entity called Encorus Technology . The name Encorus was developed by WildOutWest and derives its meaning from Latin etymology `` All together '' with the goal to establish a standard for wireless / mobile payments . Encorus focused on software and professional services for the `` mobile payment '' business ( payment by the means of mobile phones ) . In 2005 the Encorus business was acquired by Qpass .   The Professional Services department and the rest of Brokat was bought by Brokat 's longtime opponent in the German market , Data Design AG in 2001 . In 2003 Data Design was finally acquired by the Hungarian Interactive Net Design ( IND ) .

neg: Big data Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them . Challenges include capture , storage , analysis , data curation , search , sharing , transfer , visualization , querying , updating and information privacy . The term `` big data '' often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics , user behavior analytics , or certain other advanced data analytics methods that extract value from data , and seldom to a particular size of data set . `` There is little doubt that the quantities of data now available are indeed large , but that 's not the most relevant characteristic of this new data ecosystem . ''  Analysis of data sets can find new correlations to `` spot business trends , prevent diseases , combat crime and so on . '' Scientists , business executives , practitioners of medicine , advertising and governments alike regularly meet difficulties with large data-sets in areas including Internet search , fintech , urban informatics , and business informatics . Scientists encounter limitations in e-Science work , including meteorology , genomics , connectomics , complex physics simulations , biology and environmental research .   Data sets grow rapidly - in part because they are increasingly gathered by cheap and numerous information-sensing Internet of things devices such as mobile devices , aerial ( remote sensing ) , software logs , cameras , microphones , radio-frequency identification ( RFID ) readers and wireless sensor networks . The world 's technological per-capita capacity to store information has roughly doubled every 40 months since the 1980s ; , every day 2.5 exabytes ( 2.5 × 1018 ) of data are generated . One question for large enterprises is determining who should own big-data initiatives that affect the entire organization .   Relational database management systems and desktop statistics - and visualization-packages often have difficulty handling big data . The work may require `` massively parallel software running on tens , hundreds , or even thousands of servers '' . What counts as `` big data '' varies depending on the capabilities of the users and their tools , and expanding capabilities make big data a moving target . `` For some organizations , facing hundreds of gigabytes of data for the first time may trigger a need to reconsider data management options . For others , it may take tens or hundreds of terabytes before data size becomes a significant consideration . ''

neg: Blue Gemini Blue Gemini was a United States Air Force ( USAF ) project first proposed in August 1962 for a series of seven flights of Gemini spacecraft to enable the Air Force to gain manned spaceflight experience prior to the launch of the Manned Orbital Development System , or MODS . The plan was to use off-the-shelf Gemini spacecraft .

neg: Uber (company) Infobox company  | name = Uber Technologies Inc. .  | logo = Uber logo.svg  | type = Privately held company  | founders =  | hq_location = San Francisco , California  | area_served = Worldwide , 570 cities  | key_people =   Uber Technologies Inc. is a transportation network company headquartered in San Francisco , California , United States , operating in 570 cities worldwide . It develops , markets and operates the Uber car transportation and food delivery mobile apps . Uber drivers use their own cars , although drivers can rent a car to drive with Uber .   The name `` Uber '' is a reference to the common ( and somewhat slangy ) word `` uber '' , meaning `` topmost '' or `` super '' , and having its origins in the German word über , meaning `` above '' .   Uber has been a pioneer in the sharing economy and the changes in industries as a result of the sharing economy have been referred to as `` Uberification '' or `` Uberisation '' . Uber has also been the subject of protests and legal actions .

neg: Coalition for Deep Space Exploration The Coalition for Deep Space Exploration is a United States space advocacy organization for space industry businesses and non-profit groups supporting continued government investment in space exploration .

neg: International Space Year The International Space Year ( ISY ) was 1992 , the year of the quincentenary of Christopher Columbus 's voyage to the Americas in 1492 . First proposed by U.S. Senator Spark Matsunaga , the designation of 1992 as International Space Year was endorsed by 18 national and international space agencies , who also proposed the year 's theme , `` Mission to Planet Earth '' . Eventually , 29 national space agencies and 10 international organizations took part in coordinated activities to promote space exploration and the use of sustainable technology on Earth .

neg: Mind uploading Whole brain emulation ( WBE ) , mind upload or brain upload ( sometimes called `` mind copying '' or `` mind transfer '' ) is the hypothetical process of scanning mental state ( including long-term memory and `` self '' ) of a particular brain substrate and copying it to a computer . The computer could then run a simulation model of the brain 's information processing , such that it responds in essentially the same way as the original brain ( i.e. , indistinguishable from the brain for all relevant purposes ) and experiences having a conscious mind .   Mind uploading may potentially be accomplished by either of two methods : Copy-and-Transfer or gradual replacement of neurons . In the case of the former method , mind uploading would be achieved by scanning and mapping the salient features of a biological brain , and then by copying , transferring , and storing that information state into a computer system or another computational device . The simulated mind could be within a virtual reality or simulated world , supported by an anatomic 3D body simulation model . Alternatively , the simulated mind could reside in a computer that is inside ( or connected to ) a ( not necessarily humanoid ) robot or a biological body in real life .   Among some futurists and within the transhumanist movement , mind uploading is treated as an important proposed life extension technology . Some believe mind uploading is humanity 's current best option for preserving the identity of the species , as opposed to cryonics . Another aim of mind uploading is to provide a permanent backup to our `` mind-file '' , and a means for functional copies of human minds to survive a global disaster or interstellar space travels . Whole brain emulation is discussed by some futurists as a `` logical endpoint '' of the topical computational neuroscience and neuroinformatics fields , both about brain simulation for medical research purposes . It is discussed in artificial intelligence research publications as an approach to strong AI . Computer-based intelligence such as an upload could think much faster than a biological human even if it were no more intelligent . A large-scale society of uploads might , according to futurists , give rise to a technological singularity , meaning a sudden time constant decrease in the exponential development of technology . Mind uploading is a central conceptual feature of numerous science fiction novels and films .   Substantial mainstream research in related areas is being conducted in animal brain mapping and simulation , development of faster super computers , virtual reality , brain -- computer interfaces , connectomics and information extraction from dynamically functioning brains . According to supporters , many of the tools and ideas needed to achieve mind uploading already exist or are currently under active development ; however , they will admit that others are , as yet , very speculative , but still in the realm of engineering possibility . Neuroscientist Randal Koene has formed a nonprofit organization called Carbon Copies to promote mind uploading research .

neg: Joost Joost -LSB- ˈdʒuːst -RSB- was an Internet TV service , created by Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis ( founders of Skype and Kazaa ) . During 2007-2008 Joost used peer-to-peer TV ( P2PTV ) technology to distribute content to their Mozilla-based desktop player ; in late 2008 this was migrated to use a Flash-based Web player instead .   Joost began development in 2006 . Working under the code name `` The Venice Project '' , Zennström and Friis assembled teams of some 150 software developers in about six cities around the world , including New York City , London , Leiden and Toulouse . According to Zennström at a 25 July 2007 press conference about Skype held in Tallinn , Estonia , Joost had signed up more than a million beta testers , and its launch was scheduled for the end of 2007 .   The team signed up with Warner Music , Indianapolis Motor Speedway Productions ( Indianapolis 500 , IndyCar Series ) and production company Endemol for the beta . In February 2007 , Viacom entered into a deal with the company to distribute content from its media properties , including MTV Networks , Black Entertainment Television ( BET ) and film studio Paramount Pictures .   The company went through restructuring several times and sold most of its assets in 2009 ; it suspended operations in 2012 .

neg: Bio Fuel Systems BFS Blue Enterprises is a wholly Spanish owned firm whose multi-patented , microalgae-based technology uses emissions to produce crude oil and analytical-grade biotech & pharmaceutical products . It was formed in 2006 in eastern Spain after three years of research by scientists and engineers connected with the University of Alicante . Currently , an industrial-size pilot plant has been producing consistent yields with a process proven to produce a standardized quality of products in both an industrially scalable and commercially viable way . All while using and neutralizing CO2 emissions . Their system of bioconversion is about 400 times more productive than any other plant-based system producing oil or ethanol .

neg: 111 Eighth Avenue 111 Eighth Avenue is a full-block Art Deco multi-use building located between Eighth and Ninth Avenues , and 15th and 16th Streets in the Chelsea neighborhood of the Manhattan borough of New York City .   At 2.9 e6sqft , it is currently the city 's fourth largest building in terms of floor area . It was the largest building until 1963 when the 3.14 e6sqft MetLife Building opened . The World Trade Center ( which opened in 1970 -- 71 ) and 55 Water Street 3.5 e6sqft , which opened in 1972 , were also larger but the World Trade Center was destroyed in 2001 . When the 3.5 e6sqft One World Trade Center opened in 2014 , 111 became the city 's fourth largest building .   The building , which has been owned by Google since 2010 , is one of the largest technology-owned office buildings in the world . It is also larger than Apple Inc. 's new circular `` spaceship '' ( 2.8 e6sqft ) headquarters being built in Cupertino , California .

neg: Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future Elon Musk : Tesla , SpaceX , and the Quest for a Fantastic Future is Ashlee Vance 's biography of Elon Musk , published in 2015 . The book traces Elon Musk 's life from his childhood up to the time he spent at Zip2 and Paypal , and then onto SpaceX , Tesla , and SolarCity . In the book , Vance managed to get regular interviews with Musk , those close to him , and those who were with him at the most important points of his life ; Musk had no control over the biography 's contents .

neg: Bill Nye William Sanford Nye ( born November 27 , 1955 ) , popularly known as Bill Nye the Science Guy , is an American science communicator , television presenter , and mechanical engineer . He is best known as the host of the PBS children 's science show Bill Nye the Science Guy ( 1993 -- 1998 ) , and for his many subsequent appearances in popular media as a science educator .   Nye began his career as a mechanical engineer for Boeing Corporation in Seattle , where he invented a hydraulic resonance suppressor tube used on 747 airplanes . In 1986 , Nye left Boeing to pursue comedy , writing and performing jokes and bits for the local sketch television show Almost Live ! , where he would regularly conduct wacky science experiments . Nye aspired to become the next Mr. Wizard and with the help of several producers successfully pitched the children 's television program Bill Nye the Science Guy to KCTS-TV , channel 9 , Seattle 's public television station . The show -- which proudly proclaimed in its theme song that `` science rules ! '' -- ran from 1994 to 1999 in national TV syndication . Known for its `` high-energy presentation and MTV-paced segments , '' the program became a hit for both kids and adults . The show was critically acclaimed and was nominated for 23 Emmy Awards , winning nineteen .   Following the success of his show , Nye continued to advocate for science , becoming the CEO of The Planetary Society and helping develop sundials for the Mars Exploration Rover missions . Nye has written multiple best-selling books on science , including Undeniable : Evolution and the Science of Creation in 2014 and Unstoppable : Harnessing Science to Change the World in 2015 . Nye has made frequent media appearances , including on Dancing with the Stars , The Big Bang Theory and Inside Amy Schumer . Nye starred in a documentary about his life and science advocacy titled Bill Nye : Science Guy , which premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival in March 2017 . In 2017 , he debuted a Netflix series , entitled Bill Nye Saves the World .

neg: Noosphere The noosphere ( -LSB- ˈnoʊ.əsfɪər -RSB- sometimes noösphere ) is the sphere of human thought . The word derives from the Greek νοῦς ( nous `` mind '' ) and σφαῖρα ( sphaira `` sphere '' ) , in lexical analogy to `` atmosphere '' and `` biosphere '' . It was introduced by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in 1922 in his Cosmogenesis . Another possibility is the first use of the term by Édouard Le Roy ( 1870 -- 1954 ) , who together with Teilhard was listening to lectures of Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky at the Sorbonne . In 1936 , Vernadsky accepted the idea of the noosphere in a letter to Boris Leonidovich Lichkov ( though he states that the concept derives from Le Roy ) . Citing the work of Teilhard 's biographer -- Rene Cuenot -- Sampson and Pitt stated that although the concept was jointly developed by all three men ( Vernadsky , LeRoy , and Teilhard ) , Teilhard believed that he actually invented the word : `` I believe , so far as one can ever tell , that the word ` noosphere ' was my invention : but it was he -LSB- Le Roy -RSB- who launched it . ''

neg: O3b Networks O3b Networks , Ltd. is a network communications service provider building and operating a medium Earth orbit satellite constellation , and is primarily intended to serve mobile operators and Internet service providers , providing for voice and data .   The network combines the relatively large reach of satellite with high speed and medium latency to deliver satellite Internet services and mobile backhaul services to emerging markets . The name `` O3b '' stands for '' -LSB- The -RSB- Other 3 Billion '' , referring to the population of the world where broadband Internet is not available without help .   The network currently consists of twelve Ka-based satellites in the O3b satellite constellation orbiting at an altitude of 8,000 km , which is less than one quarter of the altitude of geostationary satellites , significantly reducing satellite latency .   After initially planning to launch in 2010 , the first four satellites were launched on June 25 , 2013 . A further four satellites were launched in July 2014 , and another four in December 2014 . Four more are scheduled for launch in 2018 and the remaining four in 2019 , bringing the constellation to 20 satellites , including the three current satellites used as in-orbit backup .

neg: SpaceDev SpaceDev , a part of the `` Space Systems Business '' of Sierra Nevada Corporation , is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work . It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen 's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites . It is also developing micro - and nano-satellites , a small expendable launch vehicle , the SpaceDev Streaker , and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own , the SpaceDev Dream Chaser , in collaboration with NASA .   SpaceDev is based near San Diego in Poway , California . Its objective is to make routine commercial spaceflight possible and to help open space for all of humanity .   Previously a publicly traded company ( OTCBB : SPDV ) , on 20 October 2008 SpaceDev officials announced that the company would be acquired by Sierra Nevada Corporation , a privately owned company . The announced acquisition price was 38 million dollars . The role of SpaceDev will be melded into another of Sierra Nevada 's subsidiary companies , MicroSat , to create a more complete space technology unit . On December 16 , 2008 SpaceDev announced its acquisition by Sierra Nevada Corporation had been completed .

neg: Interplanetary Transport Network The Interplanetary Transport Network ( ITN ) is a collection of gravitationally determined pathways through the Solar System that require very little energy for an object to follow . The ITN makes particular use of Lagrange points as locations where trajectories through space are redirected using little or no energy . These points have the peculiar property of allowing objects to orbit around them , despite lacking an object to orbit . While they use little energy , the transport can take a very long time . Shane Ross has said `` Due to the long time needed to achieve the low energy transfers between planets , the Interplanetary Superhighway is impractical for transfers such as from Earth to Mars at present . ''

neg: Small Business Innovation Research The Small Business Innovation Research ( or SBIR ) program is a United States Government program , coordinated by the Small Business Administration , intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development ( R&D ) . Funding takes the form of contracts or grants . The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs .   The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time . In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts : `` to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that , however promising , are still too high risk for private investors , including venture capital firms . '' For the purposes of the SBIR program , the term `` small business '' is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees , owned by one or more individuals who are citizens of , or permanent resident aliens in , the United States of America .   Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural ( R&D ) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $ 100 million . Approximately $ 2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year . The United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $ 1 billion in SBIR grants annually . Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10 . A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses . Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time . Besides the DoD , there are also programs with the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Agriculture , and others .

neg: Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers ( KPCB ) is an American venture capital firm located on Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park in Silicon Valley . Specializing in investments in incubation , early stage and growth companies , since its founding in 1972 the firm has backed entrepreneurs in around 500 ventures , including AOL , Amazon.com , Compaq , Electronic Arts , Google , Netscape , Sun Microsystems , Nest , Snap , AppDynamics , and Twitter . Kleiner Perkins focuses its global investments in practice areas including technology and life sciences . The Wall Street Journal and other publications have called it one of the `` largest and most established '' venture capital firms and Dealbook named it `` one of Silicon Valley 's top venture capital providers . '' In addition to its Menlo Park headquarters , the company has offices in San Francisco and Shanghai , China .

neg: Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. .   , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion .   Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage .   The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .