query: A Wrinkle in Time is a profitable business.

pos: A Wrinkle in Time A Wrinkle in Time is a science fantasy novel written by American writer Madeleine L'Engle , first published in 1963 , and in 1979 with illustrations by Leo and Diane Dillon . The book won a Newbery Medal , Sequoyah Book Award , and Lewis Carroll Shelf Award , and was runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award . It is the first book in L'Engle 's Time Quintet , which follows the Murry and O'Keefe families . The book was made into a film , A Wrinkle in Time , in 2003 , and another film , also called A Wrinkle in Time , is in production with a scheduled release of April 2018 . It has also been made into an opera , a graphic novel , and several plays .

neg: Business valuation Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner 's interest in a business . Valuation is used by financial market participants  to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to affect a sale of a business . In addition to estimating the selling price of a business , the same valuation tools are often used by business appraisers to resolve disputes related to estate and gift taxation , divorce litigation , allocate business purchase price among business assets , establish a formula for estimating the value of partners ' ownership interest for buy-sell agreements , and many other business and legal purposes such as in shareholders deadlock , divorce litigation and estate contest . In some cases , the court would appoint a forensic accountant as the joint expert doing the business valuation .

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government .   The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast .   Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .

neg: Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 .   Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography .   Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups .   Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .

neg: Hard money loan A hard money loan is a specific type of asset-based loan financing through which a borrower receives funds secured by real property . Hard money loans are typically issued by private investors or companies . Interest rates are typically higher than conventional commercial or residential property loans , starting at 7.7 % , because of the higher risk and shorter duration of the loan . Most hard money loans are used for projects lasting from a few months to a few years . Hard money is similar to a bridge loan , which usually has similar criteria for lending as well as cost to the borrowers . The primary difference is that a bridge loan often refers to a commercial property or investment property that may be in transition and does not yet qualify for traditional financing , whereas hard money often refers to not only an asset-based loan with a high interest rate , but possibly a distressed financial situation , such as arrears on the existing mortgage , or where bankruptcy and foreclosure proceedings are occurring .   Hard Money is a term that is used almost exclusively in the United States and Canada where these types of loans are most common . In commercial real estate , hard money developed as an alternative `` last resort '' for property owners seeking capital against the value of their holdings . The industry began in the late 1950s when the credit industry in the U.S. underwent drastic changes .   From inception , the hard money field has always been formally unregulated by state or federal laws , although some restrictions on interest rates ( usury laws ) by state governments restrict the rates of hard money such that operations in several states , including Tennessee and Arkansas are virtually untenable for lending firms .

neg: The Leisure Hour The Leisure Hour was a British general-interest periodical of the Victorian era which ran weekly from 1852 to 1905 . It was the most successful of several popular magazines published by the Religious Tract Society , which produced Christian literature for a wide audience . Each issue mixed multiple genres of fiction and factual stories , historical and topical .   The magazine 's title referred to campaigns that had decreased work hours , giving workers extra leisure time . Until 1876 , it carried the subtitle `` A Family Journal of Instruction and Recreation '' ; after that , the subtitle changed to `` An illustrated magazine for home reading '' .   Each issue cost one penny and comprised 16 pages . The layout typically included approximately six long articles , formatted in two columns per page , and five or six illustrations . The articles were a mix , including biographies , poetry , essays , and fiction . Each issue usually started with a piece of serialised fiction .   The creation of the magazine was partly a response to non-religious popular magazines that the Religious Tract Society saw as delivering a `` pernicious '' morality to the working classes . The ethos of the magazine was guided by Sabbatarianism : the campaign to keep Sunday as a day of rest . It aimed to treat its diverse subjects `` in the light of Christian truth '' . Despite this , The Leisure Hour carried far fewer statements of Christian doctrine than the Society 's other publications . Compared to other popular magazines of the time , The Leisure Hour had a greater emphasis on fiction .   Two days before the magazine 's launch in 1852 , a warehouse fire destroyed the first batch of The Leisure Hour , so replacement copies had to be printed .   The magazine was edited by William Haig Miller until 1858 , James Macaulay from 1858 to 1895 , and William Stevens from 1895 to 1900 . Harold Copping was one of its illustrators . Authors were initially only credited by initials rather than by name , giving the writing a collective rather than individual authority , though naming of authors became more common from the 1870s onwards . In its jubilee issue , published in 1902 , the magazine identified 111 authors who had contributed .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills .   That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time .   Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment .   The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century .   In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms .   Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Logic of Empire `` Logic of Empire '' is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein . Part of his Future History series , it originally appeared in Astounding Science Fiction ( March 1941 ) , and was collected in The Green Hills of Earth ( and subsequently The Past Through Tomorrow ) .   Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time , and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged , this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony . Even in the future , the technology available to a new colony is always initially low . If a machine to do a necessary job is too expensive to import ( say a wheat harvester , a water pump , or even a washing machine ) , a human must do it instead . If too many jobs must be done by hand and there is a shortage of labor compared with independent resources that free labor could take up ( `` land '' , although this condition is not clear in the story ) , a market for slavery develops . Decades later , while there is still an abundance of land , this market remains because the colony itself has quotas to meet and debts to repay - they can not spare the resources to develop local industries to make the machines themselves and free labor does not have to bid its price down enough to out compete slave labor .   Throughout the story , Heinlein takes the view of the objective narrator when describing Venusian society . `` Logic of Empire '' places different rationales on the people who participate in slavery . There are no real villains ; everybody 's just doing their job , trying to maximize income in a capitalist system . Even the plantation owner who owns the hero is portrayed as a struggling -- and failing -- small businessman , whose main motivation is to secure a livelihood for his daughter .

neg: Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items .   Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) .   The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere .   Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee .   Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 .   In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world .   Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .

neg: Private equity firm A private equity firm is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of startup or operating companies through a variety of loosely affiliated investment strategies including leveraged buyout , venture capital , and growth capital . Often described as a financial sponsor , each firm will raise funds that will be invested in accordance with one or more specific investment strategies .   Typically , a private equity firm will raise pools of capital , or private equity funds that supply the equity contributions for these transactions . Private equity firms will receive a periodic management fee as well as a share in the profits earned ( carried interest ) from each private equity fund managed .   Private equity firms , with their investors , will acquire a controlling or substantial minority position in a company and then look to maximize the value of that investment . Private equity firms generally receive a return on their investments through one of the following avenues :  an initial public offering ( IPO ) -- shares of the company are offered to the public , typically providing a partial immediate realization to the financial sponsor as well as a public market into which it can later sell additional shares ;  a merger or acquisition -- the company is sold for either cash or shares in another company ;  a recapitalization -- cash is distributed to the shareholders ( in this case the financial sponsor ) and its private equity funds either from cash flow generated by the company or through raising debt or other securities to fund the distribution .   Private equity firms characteristically make longer-hold investments in target industry sectors or specific investment areas where they have expertise . Private equity firms and investment funds should not be confused with hedge fund firms which typically make shorter-term investments in securities and other more liquid assets within an industry sector but with less direct influence or control over the operations of a specific company . Where private equity firms take on operational roles to manage risks and achieve growth through long term investments , hedge funds more frequently act as short-term traders of securities betting on both the up and down sides of a business or of an industry sector 's financial health .

neg: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' .   Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .

neg: Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles .   Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems .   Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .

neg: False economy In economics , a false economy is an action that saves money at the beginning but which , over a longer period of time , results in more money being spent or wasted than being saved . For example , it may be false economy if a city government decided to purchase the least expensive automobiles for use by city workers , as cheap automobiles have a record of needing more frequent repairs in the long term and the additional repair costs would eradicate any initial savings .   Motivating factors on the part of the party engaging in false economies may be linked to the long-term involvement of this party . For example , a real estate developer who builds a condominium may turn the finished structure over to the ensuing condominium corporation which is run by its members once the last unit is sold and the building has passed a final inspection . Longevity of the components of the structure beyond the final turnover of the facility may not be a major motivating factor for the developer , meaning that the result of the application of false economies may be more detrimental to the end user , as opposed to the developer .   Individuals may also practise false economy in their personal lives . A notable practitioner of false economy was King Frederick William I of Prussia , who was said by Thomas Macaulay to have saved five or six reichsthalers a year feeding his family unwholesome cabbages even though the poor diet sickened his children and the resulting medical care cost him many times what he saved .   The concept is related to planned obsolescence , whereby the lower initial cost of a false economy attracts buyers mostly on the basis of low cost , who may later be at a disadvantage .   Poor people are often forced into false economies when they ca n't afford the better long term option in the short term .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Business cycle The business cycle or economic cycle is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product ( GDP ) around its long-term growth trend . The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction in sequence . These fluctuations typically involve shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid economic growth ( expansions or booms ) , and periods of relative stagnation or decline ( contractions or recessions ) .   Business cycles are usually measured by considering the growth rate of real gross domestic product . Despite the often-applied term cycle , these fluctuations in economic activity do not exhibit uniform or predictable periodicity .   The common or popular usage boom-and-bust cycle refers to fluctuations in which the expansion is rapid and the contraction severe .

neg: United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with .   Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares .   Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .

neg: Capital budgeting Capital budgeting , or investment appraisal , is the planning process used to determine whether an organization 's long term investments such as new machinery , replacement of machinery , new plants , new products , and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm 's capitalization structure ( debt , equity or retained earnings ) . It is the process of allocating resources for major capital , or investment , expenditures . One of the primary goals of capital budgeting investments is to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders .   Many formal methods are used in capital budgeting , including the techniques such as  Accounting rate of return  Average accounting return  Payback period  Net present value  Profitability index  Internal rate of return  Modified internal rate of return  Equivalent annual cost  Real options valuation   These methods use the incremental cash flows from each potential investment , or project . Techniques based on accounting earnings and accounting rules are sometimes used - though economists consider this to be improper - such as the accounting rate of return , and `` return on investment . '' Simplified and hybrid methods are used as well , such as payback period and discounted payback period .


query: The Formula (1980 film) was directed by an Austrian.

pos: John G. Avildsen John Guilbert Avildsen ( born December 21 , 1935 ) is an American film director . He won the Academy Award for Best Director in 1977 for Rocky . Other films he directed include Joe , Save the Tiger , Fore Play , The Formula , Neighbors , For Keeps , Lean on Me , The Power of One , 8 Seconds , Inferno , Rocky V and the first three The Karate Kid films .

pos: The Formula (1980 film) The Formula is a 1980 American mystery film directed by John G. Avildsen and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . It features a preeminent cast including Marlon Brando , George C. Scott , John Gielgud , and Marthe Keller . Craig T. Nelson also makes a brief appearance as a geologist .

neg: Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .

neg: The Formula (song) `` The Formula '' is a song by American rapper The D.O.C. , from his 1989 debut album No One Can Do It Better . It was released as the third single to support that album and reached number 76 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart in April 1990 . The song was produced by Dr. Dre and contains samples from Marvin Gaye 's `` Inner City Blues ( Make Me Wan na Holler ) '' , from his 1971 album What 's Going On .

neg: E. W. Emo E. W. Emo ( Emerich Walter Emo , born Emerich Josef Wojtek , 11 July 1898 ; died 2 December 1975 ) was an Austrian film director .   Emo specialized in comedies , 21 of them with the actor Hans Moser . He also worked outside Austria and wrote screenplays .

neg: Daniel Steiner Daniel Steiner ( born 1973 ) is an Austrian actor and film director .

neg: Robert von Dassanowsky Robert von Dassanowsky FRHistS , FRSA ( born January 28 , 1965 , New York City ) is an Austrian-American academic , writer , film and cultural historian , and producer . He is usually known as Robert Dassanowsky .

neg: Gustav Ucicky Gustav Ucicky ( 6 July 1898 -- 27 April 1961 ) was an Austrian film director , screenwriter and cinematographer . He was one of the more successful directors in Austria and Germany from the 1930s through to the early 1960s . His work covered a wide variety of genres , but he most acclaimed for his work in romantic drama and drama films .

neg: 1981 Formula One season The 1981 Formula One season was the 35th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1981 FIA Formula One World Championship which was contested over a fifteen race series that commenced on 15 March and ended on 17 October . Formula One cars also contested the 1981 South African Grand Prix , although this was technically a Formula Libre race and was not part of the Formula One World Championship .   The 1981 championship was the inaugural FIA Formula One World Championship , replacing the former World Championship for Drivers . Nelson Piquet won the Drivers ' Championship , claiming the first of his three Formula One titles and Williams won the Constructors ' Championship .

neg: Leo Perutz Leopold Perutz ( 2 November 1882 , Prague -- 25 August 1957 , Bad Ischl ) was an Austrian novelist and mathematician . He was born in Prague ( now capital of the Czech Republic ) and was thus a citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . He lived in Vienna until the Nazi Anschluss in 1938 , when he emigrated to Palestine .   According to the biographical note on the Arcade Publishing editions of the English translations of his novels , Leo was a mathematician who formulated an algebraic equation which is named after him ; he worked as a statistician for an insurance company . He was related to the biologist Max Perutz .   During the 1950s he returned occasionally to Austria , spending the summer and autumn months in the market town of St. Wolfgang in the Salzkammergut resort region and in Vienna . He died in the Austrian spa town of Bad Ischl in 1957 . He wrote his first novel , The Third Bullet , in 1915 while recovering from a wound sustained in the First World War . In all Perutz wrote eleven novels , which gained the admiration of Jorge Luis Borges , Italo Calvino , Ian Fleming , Karl Edward Wagner and Graham Greene . Wagner cited Perutz ' novel The Master of the Day of Judgement as one of the thirteen best non-supernatural horror novels .

neg: Peter Sauber Peter Sauber ( born 13 October 1943 ) is a retired Swiss motorsport executive . He was the team principal and owner of various motorsports teams , most visibly the eponymous Sauber Formula One team .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Swiss Film Award The Swiss Film Award ( formerly Swiss Film Prize ) ( Prix du cinéma suisse , Schweizer Filmpreis , Premio del cinema svizzero , Premi dal film svizzer ) is the national film award of Switzerland , first given out in 1998 .   1998 to 2008 : the Prize was given in during the Solothurn Film Festival .  2009 : the nomination night happened in Solothurn during January . Each film nominated received a cash-prize . During the beginning of March , a `` glamour '' ceremony , the first one of its kind , was organised in Lucerne . The prize awarded is a Cristal-like statue , called `` The Quartz '' . 2009 was the last year where the Jury was composed of people from the Swiss state and the Federal Office of Culture .  2010 : Nomination in Solothurn again , during the Solothurn Film Festival during January . Ceremony in Lucerne in March . The prizes have been awarded for the first time by the Swiss Film Academy , created in 2008 . It was the first time that no state intervention occurred .

neg: Ulrich Seidl Ulrich Maria Seidl ( born 24 November 1952 in Vienna ) is an Austrian film director , writer and producer . In 2005 he was a member of the jury at the 27th Moscow International Film Festival .   His film Dog Days was shot over three years during the hottest days of summer . Among other awards , it won the Grand Jury Prize at Venice in 2001 .   His 2012 film Paradise : Love competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival . The sequel Paradise : Faith won the Special Jury Prize at the 69th Venice International Film Festival . The final part of the trilogy , Paradise : Hope , premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival .   Seidl was scheduled to attend the 2014 Jerusalem Film Festival , but cancelled his visit due to the political tension in the region .

neg: The Stunt Man The Stunt Man is a 1980 American film directed by Richard Rush , starring Peter O'Toole , Steve Railsback , and Barbara Hershey . The movie was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and Rush from the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Brodeur . It tells the story of a young fugitive who hides as a stunt double on the set of an anti-war movie whose charismatic director will do seemingly anything for the sake of his art .   It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Peter O'Toole ) , Best Director ( Richard Rush ) , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . However , due to its limited release , it never earned much attention from US audiences at large . As O'Toole remarked in a DVD audio commentary , `` The film was n't released , it escaped . ''

neg: Anton the Magician Anton the Magician ( Anton der Zauberer ) is a 1978 East German comedy film directed by Günter Reisch . It was entered into the 11th Moscow International Film Festival where Ulrich Thein won the award for Best Actor .

neg: The Competition (film) The Competition is a 1980 American drama film starring Richard Dreyfuss and Amy Irving , directed by Joel Oliansky .

neg: Alex Moser Alexander `` Alex '' Moser ( born 1979 ) is an Austrian hair stylist living and working in Vienna .

neg: Mass formula A mass formula is an equation or set of equations in physics which attempts to predict the mass or mass ratios of the subatomic particles .   An important step in high energy physics was the discovery of the Gell-Mann -- Okubo mass formula predicting relationships between masses of the members of SU ( 3 ) multiplets .   The development of an accurate mass formula is one of several fundamental aspects to developing a working theory of everything , which is expected to overcome the incompatibilities between current classical and quantum physics theories .   There are currently no universal mass formulae which are generally accepted as correct by the mainstream physics community , however several versions of potential mass formulae have been presented and are currently being explored by some ( largely amateur ) physics theorists .

neg: Max Planck Institute for Mathematics The Max Planck Institute for Mathematics ( Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik , MPIM ) is a research institute specializing in mathematics located in Bonn , Germany . It is named in honor of the German physicist Max Planck . The MPIM is one of the 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society ( Max-Planck-Gesellschaft ) .   The Institute , having emerged from the collaborative research center ( Sonderforschungsbereich ) called Theoretical Mathematics ( Theoretische Mathematik ) , was founded by Friedrich Hirzebruch in 1980 and he acted as the director of the institute until his retirement in 1995 . Currently , the institute is managed by a board of four directors consisting of Werner Ballmann ( managing director , succeeding Günter Harder ) , Gerd Faltings , Peter Teichner and Don Zagier . Friedrich Hirzebruch was , and Yuri Manin is , acting as emeriti .

neg: A Devil of a Woman A Devil of a Woman ( Der Weibsteufel ) is a 1951 Austrian drama film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner . It was entered into the 1952 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Iris Gusner Iris Gusner ( born Trautenau 16 January 1941 ) is a German film director and screenwriter .


query: Michael McCullers worked with Greg Kinnear.

pos: Michael McCullers Michael McCullers ( born 1971 ) is an American comedy film screenwriter .   A native of Indian Springs Village , Alabama , McCullers attended Indian Springs School , a private high school just south of Birmingham , Alabama . McCullers is a former writer on Saturday Night Live and is best known for co-writing the script for two Austin Powers movies , Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me and Austin Powers in Goldmember with Mike Myers . He is the writer and director of the 2008 comedy Baby Mama starring Tina Fey and Amy Poehler . He lives in Los Angeles with his wife and four children .

pos: Baby Mama (film) Baby Mama is a 2008 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Michael McCullers in his directorial debut and starring Tina Fey , Amy Poehler , Greg Kinnear , Dax Shepard , Steve Martin and Sigourney Weaver .

neg: Ken Freedman Ken Freedman ( born February 18 , 1959 ) is General Manager of WFMU , a freeform radio station . He also co-hosts the conceptual comedy program Seven Second Delay with Andy Breckman , as well as hosting his own freeform radio program on Wednesday mornings ( 9:00 -- noon Eastern Time ) . He is the co-founder of Congera , a public benefit corporation .   Freedman hosted his first radio program in 1976 as a DJ at Highland Park High School station WVHP . He served as station manager of WCBN-FM , the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 's freeform outlet , where he marked the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan by playing Lesley Gore 's `` It 's My Party ( And I 'll Cry If I Want To ) '' for eighteen consecutive hours .   Freedman joined WFMU as a DJ in December 1983 , and succeeded Bruce Longstreet as General Manager in August 1985 . At the time , WFMU was licensed to and owned by Upsala College , and based in East Orange , New Jersey .   In February 1986 , Freedman launched a program guide/zine called LCD ( Lowest Common Denominator ) , featuring work by many internationally known writers and artists , including Nick Tosches , Jim Woodring , Drew Friedman , Gary Panter , Harvey Pekar , Dan Clowes , Tony Millionaire , and Chris Ware . In November 2007 , The Best of LCD : The Art and Writing of WFMU , was published by Princeton Architectural Press . It was compiled and edited by longtime WFMU radio host Dave `` The Spazz '' Abramson .   In 1989 , Freedman successfully fended off a challenge to the station 's license from four rival broadcasters , who claimed that WFMU was broadcasting above its legal power limit .   In 1992 , he founded the non-profit organization Auricle Communications , which purchased WFMU 's license from Upsala in 1994 . These actions allowed WFMU to survive when the college went bankrupt in 1995 .   A core strategy for the station was to embrace the World Wide Web , launching its website in 1993 , streaming its broadcasts full-time in 1997 , and archiving most broadcasts from 2000 . Under Freedman 's management , annual donations to the station ( which is funded exclusively by listener support ) grew from $ 50,000 in 1983 , to $ 750,000 in 1999 , to over $ 1,800,000 in 2012 .   Freedman pioneered the use of direct licensing for broadcasters , obtaining alternative copyrights and waivers to address restrictions placed on broadcasters by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act . In 2007 , Freedman built on these direct licensing activities and founded WFMU 's Free Music Archive , an open source library of copyright-cleared music and audio which launched in April 2009 .   Freedman has served on the board of public science and technology company New Brunswick Scientific Company ( purchased in 2004 by Eppendorf ) and was a board member ( for four years ) and technology advisor to National Federation of Community Broadcasters ( NFCB ) . He has spoken and presented at conferences sponsored by The Future of Music Coalition , National Public Radio , the Integrated Media Association , the Audio Engineering Society ( AES ) , O'Reilly Media 's Newsfoo Conference , The Awesome Foundation Summit , the University of British Columbia and the National Federation of Community Broadcasters .   In 2013 , Freedman initiated the creation of a suite of software for broadcasters , journalists and online publishers known as the Audience Engine .   In 2013 , he began performing stand-up comedy and has performed acts at the New York Comedy Club , the Broadway Comedy Club , the Greenwich Village Comedy Club and other venues in New York , New Jersey and San Francisco .

neg: Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .

neg: Michael Linder Michael Linder is an American television producer and broadcast journalist based in Los Angeles , currently an investigative reporter for KABC-AM and an executive producer for Natural 9 Entertainment in Burbank . He is a contributor to BBC Radio 5 Live and KUSC .   Linder created and executive produced America 's Most Wanted in 1988 , casting host John Walsh and launching the first hit series on the Fox Television network .   In 1990 , Linder created and executive produced The Jesse Jackson Show leading a crew and host Jackson to interview Saddam Hussein in Baghdad as troops massed for the Gulf War and negotiating the release of 227 hostages held by Hussein in Kuwait City and Baghdad , including the staff of the U.S. embassy in Kuwait City .   In 1995-6 Linder created and produced `` Berserkistan '' with photojournalist Jim Bartlett , credited as the first Internet site to cover a war ( Bosnia ) on location .   From 2004 through 2009 , Linder served as a radio journalist for KNX-AM . He has won numerous broadcast journalism honors including a for a series on street gang impacts on children and an RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award for coverage of water issues in California 's Owens Valley .

neg: The Moviegoer (album) The Moviegoer is the seventh studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker . It was released in October 1972 but failed to chart . No singles were released from the album , though `` This Way Mary '' was later released as a b-side to Walker 's 1973 single `` The Me I Never Knew '' . The album consists solely of renditions of film theme songs originally performed by other artists .   The album was the first of six studio albums ( the last two as The Walker Brothers ) in which Walker did not contribute original material . Having lost creative control of his music after the commercial failures of his previous two studio albums Scott 4 and 'Til the Band Comes In , Walker was tasked with recording `` inoffensive , middle-of-the-road material that could be easily processed , marketed and sold '' . By way of compromise Walker had some say in the song selection and drew together a selection of themes from some of his favourite films .   The album was recorded quickly in the autumn of 1972 with Walker 's usual studio team consisting of producer Johnny Franz and engineer Peter J. Olliff . In a change from previous work , Robert Cornford was brought-in to produce the orchestral arrangements . Despite a push for commercial viability the album received negative reviews when released as an LP in October 1972 . The album was re-issued in 1975 by Contour record label with new sleeve art . The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued .

neg: Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .

neg: Anthony Meindl Anthony Paul Meindl ( born January 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver .   In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others ( usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' ) .   He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint .   He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret .   He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace .   He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe .   Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 .  He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy ( Swimming In The Shallows ) and Best Drama ( Dogs Barking ) . The casts for both shows ( members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio ) were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama .   His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards .   Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather ( 2011 ) won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan .   He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .

neg: Scott McCarron Scott Michael McCarron ( born July 10 , 1965 ) is an American professional golfer .   McCarron was born in Sacramento , California and graduated from Vintage High School in Napa , California . He was a member of the golf team at UCLA , graduating in 1988 with a major in History . Unlike most golfers , McCarron did not transition right away from the college to the professional ranks -- he gave up golf for four years ( 1988 -- 1992 ) to work with his father in the family clothing business . He turned professional in 1992 , and joined the PGA Tour in 1994 .   McCarron has had PGA Tour victories in 1996 , 1997 and 2001 .   McCarron has featured in the top 20 of the Official World Golf Ranking .   McCarron was injured in the summer of 2006 and missed the entire 2007 season . He served as an analyst for The Golf Channel for its 2007 Masters coverage . He returned to the PGA Tour in 2008 and finished 108th on the money list to retain his card for 2009 .   In 2010 , McCarron became embroiled in controversy when he accused fellow PGA Tour player Phil Mickelson of `` cheating '' for using a Ping-Eye 2 wedge made before April 1 , 1990 that is allowed under a legal technicality . McCarron publicly apologized to Mickelson a few days later . Thirty days later , the PGA Tour and USGA banned the use of the Ping-Eye 2 wedges .   McCarron has won three times on PGA Tour Champions .

neg: Michael J. Weller Michael John Weller was born in south London in 1946 .   Weller designed USA sleeve for David Bowie 's The Man Who Sold the World LP ( Mercury , 1970 ) , re-released ( EMI CD , 1999 ) . As `` Captain Stelling '' Weller wrote and drew The Firm ( cOZmic Comics , 1972 ) - an early British artist 's publication inspired by American underground comic book innovations . In 1973 , a page by `` Stelling '' entitled ` Missile Crisis ' was made part of Michel Choquette 's comic book The Someday Funnies . He followed `` Willie D '' ( Andrew Marr ) as featured cartoonist on Chainsaw punk zine ( 1980 -- 84 ) .   Michael Weller enjoyed a parallel career in the 1980s and 1990s as political writer , cartoonist , activist of the left , and local community organiser based in Penge , south London . In 2006 he became a signatory to the Euston Manifesto .   As 'M . J. ' , ` Michael John ' , ` Mick ' and ` Mike ' Weller - using identity-playing forenames , nicknames and other noms-de-plume - he has produced artists books , zines and small press publications . Between 1990 and 2010 he was associated with London 's poetry scene . Launch of Beat Generation Ballads was documented in video by Voiceworks ( 2011 ) , becoming the title of a large-scale musical composition for piano by Michael Finnissy premiered at Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival in 2014 , winning a solo British Composer Award 2015 .   Beowulf Cartoon has been on reading display at Poetry Library exhibitions Visual Poetics ( 2013 ) and Poetry Comics ( 2015 ) .   Michael John Weller continues to write , draw , and publish for traditional print and digital mediums , including artists film .

neg: Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City .   Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death .   Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .

neg: Mike Ferner Mike Ferner is a former Toledo , Ohio city council member , Vietnam era veteran , author , and peace activist . He is a member of the POCLAD collective . Toledo had the most active campaign in the country for municipal public power in the late 1980s and early '90s . In 1989 Ferner was elected as an independent to the city council and proposed the creation of a small municipal utility to compete with Toledo Edison . He ran for mayor in 1993 with this as a major campaign plank , but lost by 672 out of 92,740 votes cast .   In March 2006 Ferner , along with fellow activists Pete Perry , Malachy Kilbride , and David Barrows , interrupted the US House Appropriations Committee that was in the process of voting on $ 67,000,000,000 in military funding for the US war and occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan .   Ferner was arrested on June 30 , 2006 at the Jesse Brown Veterans ' Administration Medical Center . ( Ferner was at the center because he was participating in Voices For Creative Nonviolence 's 320-mile `` Walk for Justice '' from Springfield , Illinois to North Chicago , Illinois . ) According to Ferner 's recounting of the incident , the arresting officer stated that wearing a `` Veterans for Peace '' T-shirt while drinking coffee at the center comprised protesting , and Ferner was required to leave the premises . Ferner refused , and was subsequently arrested . Ferner was charged with criminal trespass and with weapons possession ( a Swiss Army pocketknife ) .   In 2006 he published `` Inside the Red Zone : A Veteran For Peace Reports from Iraq , '' recounting his trips to Iraq , just prior to the U.S. invasion and a year later .   Ferner is running for Toledo mayor in the special election to be held November 3 , 2015 to fill the last two years of D. Michael Collins ' term after Collins died in office . he was on channel 13 abc Toledo talking about his charges and race for mayor .

neg: Michael Dormer Michael Dormer or Michael Henry Dashwood Dormer ( born 1935 in Hollywood , California , U.S. - 2012 ) was an American fine artist , writer , songwriter , entrepreneur , and creator of the 1960s TV show Shrimpenstein .   A childhood protégé of artist Louis Geddes , Dormer took first prize in a National Fire Prevention poster contest at age 12 . At 18 Dormer was working in art full-time .   In 1957 Dormer established a painting studio in La Jolla and moonlighted as a part-time night club comic and jazz poet at the Pour House , a cabaret in Bird Rock . He also published an art and poetry magazine , titled Scavenger .   In 1968 Dormer painted his first aluminum piece ; a technique he developed , which has never been used by any other artist . These pieces are part of private collections across the globe . His vast body of work includes his mid-century Crankshaft series , an extensive collection of nudes , oils , watercolors , sculpture , intricate pencil drawings , charcoals , and murals .   Dormer , with his lifelong friend and collaborator , Lee Teacher , created a counter-culture sculpture Hot Curl , a 400 lb concrete statue , and installed it on the rocks near the surf shack at Windansea Beach in La Jolla in San Diego , California . The sculpture of a mop-haired , 6 ft , knobby-kneed surfer gazed out at the sea with a beer in his hand . The pot-bellied surf god quickly became a nationwide sensation , appearing in SurfToons comics and as a plastic model kit , selling hundreds of thousands of copies . Today , Hot Curl appears regularly in Surfer magazine .   In 1964 Dormer 's artwork was featured in the opening credits of Muscle Beach Party , which featured the first film appearance of Hot Curl and `` Little '' Stevie Wonder . He also doubled as a talent scout for that film and subsequent surf films , recruiting actual surfers and surfer girls off the beaches of La Jolla to serve as extras .   In 1963 Dormer and Teacher created and launched Shrimpenstein , an off-beat children 's television show which aired live weekdays on Channel 9 in Los Angeles . The program , which featured a miniature Frankenstein monster , brought to life when his creator , Dr. Von Schtick , accidentally dropped a bag of jelly beans in his monster machine . The wacky adventures of the little monster , and his eccentric pals , enchanted , with double entendre , and wit fit for children and adults , grew a great following . Frank Sinatra and his Rat Pack sought out Dormer to tell him they never missed an episode .   Dormer lived in Ocean Beach in San Diego , California .   Michael Dormer died at home in Ocean Beach , San Diego , California on 10 September 2012 . Shortly before his death he had written this short statement about his work -LSB- source needed -RSB- :   DORMER ON DORMER   I 've always considered myself an experimentalist . My subject matter is often whimsical or mysteriously off-beat . I 've been told that my work reflects my personality pretty accurately .   I follow no particular established schools of painting and consider my works essentially excursions into alternate fantasy dimensions . Odd creatures abound in these regions and strange allegories unfold . New languages are born and mingle freely with conjured-up communicative symbols .   My paintings are windows looking out into new places at new things .

neg: Michael & Michael Have Issues Michael & Michael Have Issues ( sometimes abbreviated MMHI ) is a cable television comedy series starring comedians and actors Michael Ian Black and Michael Showalter , who created the series . Both comedians appeared together in several TV comedy series , including The State , and Stella . The show premiered on July 15 , 2009 , on Comedy Central . Showalter and Black confirmed on March 3 , 2010 , via their Twitter accounts that the show had been canceled .   The series starred Michael Ian Black and Michael Showalter playing fictionalized versions of themselves . As stated in a 2009 New York Times article , `` Mr. Black and Mr. Showalter play the bickering stars of a sketch comedy program who never miss an opportunity to undermine each other . In between skits about stores that sell only sweatpants and characters like John the British Fork Offerer , narrative segments chronicle the not-so-fictional frenemies who constantly step on each other 's toes , even in seemingly inconsequential situations like an interview for a high school newspaper or the search for a birthday gift for their producer . ''

neg: Matchstick Productions Matchstick Productions , also known as MSP Films , is a film production company based in Crested Butte , Colorado that specializes in producing ski movies . Steve Winter and Murray Wais founded the company in 1992 . According to MSP 's website , `` Matchstick aims to create entertaining films that not only are stunning visually but on the cutting edge of action sports . ''   MSP has released a feature-length ski movie every year since 1992 with several gaining critical acclaim : their breakthrough film `` Ski Movie '' , featuring many of the world 's best skiers at the time , was released in 2000 and won `` Movie of the Year '' from both Powder Magazine and Freeze Magazine . MSP is the most award-winning ski film company in history , with eight `` Movie of the Year '' honors and `` Best Documentary '' prize at the Powder Video Awards , three Emmy nominations for outstanding camerawork , and `` Viewers ' Choice '' runner-up at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival .

neg: Michael Pope Michael S. Pope , ( Born in Manhattan , New York ) is an award-winning underground filmmaker and multi-media artist best known as auteur of the feature Film/Event : Neovoxer .   Neovoxer is an experimental , non-dialogue feature film and an event that includes a live performance of its musical score and sound effects , site-specific installation and tableau vivant . Pope was writer , director , editor as well as , actor , designer , and one of the composers of the project . With this , he spearheaded the volunteer efforts of over 200 artists and artisans in what he describes as a `` Collective creative action '' . Neovoxer was the first film by an American director to screen at the P1 : International Biennial in the Czech Republic ( 2004 ) , and earned him a Tanne Award for Outstanding Achievement ( 2000 ) , which recognizes artists with outstanding achievements in their field .   Pope shot , cut and directed the music videos for long-time collaborators The Dresden Dolls , as well as directing their first live concert/documentary dvd `` Live : In Paradise '' and numerous multi-media events under the Dresden Dolls banner . Pope also directed the music video series `` Who Killed Amanda Palmer : A Surrealist Mini Mystery '' in conjunction with the album and book release of the same name .   Pope has received artist 's residencies from E | Merge Interdisciplinary A.I.R. ( 2013 ) , the Mobius Artists Group for Experimental Work in All Media ( 2001/2002 ) , and the Experimental Television Center , ( 2000 ) . His video art has shown at 31 Grand Gallery ( NYC 2007/2008 ) curated by artist Barnaby Whitfield , as well as numerous site-specific installations in collaboration with The Nu Dance Theater ( NYC/PARIS 2008 ) .   In 2009 , Pope was commissioned by the Boston Pops to create a new film piece for their New Year 's Eve show by Amanda Palmer . The film The Old & The New starred Jeremy Geidt and his wife .   In 2008 , Pope traveled to Tehran as part of cross-cultural artist project `` Send My Love To Iran '' founded by BriAnna Olson   He has made commercial music videos for Ben Folds , Gene Dante & The Future Starlets and many other bands . His music videos are in international rotation including MTV , LOGO and RAGE and have seen premieres on People , Spin , Jezebel and Pitchfork websites .   In 2016 , Pope began a new independent movie/transmedia project , SYNEMATIKA , by creating a `` 3-dimensional script '' as a site-specific installation in a 2400-square foot industrial space in Kingston , NY . The creation of the script was done as a 30-day lockdown endurance art piece , after which it was opened to the public for viewing and photographed to become a graphic `` shooting bible '' for the eventual movie .

neg: Greg Daniels Gregory Martin `` Greg '' Daniels ( born June 13 , 1963 ) is an American television comedy writer , producer , and director . He is known for his work on several television series , including Saturday Night Live , The Simpsons , King of the Hill and The Office . All four shows were named among Times James Poniewozik 's All Time 100 TV Shows . Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien . Their first writing credit was for Not Necessarily the News , before they were laid off due to budget cuts . He eventually became a writer for two long-running series : Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons .   He joined the writing staff of The Simpsons during the fifth season , and he wrote several classic episodes including `` Lisa 's Wedding , '' `` Bart Sells His Soul '' and `` 22 Short Films About Springfield . '' He left the series in order to co-create another long-running animated series , King of the Hill , with Mike Judge . The series ran for thirteen years before it was cancelled in 2009 . During the series run , he worked on several other series , including the American version of The Office and Parks and Recreation . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer on the TBS series People of Earth . ''

neg: Scott McCaughey Scott Lewis McCaughey is an American singer and songwriter and the leader of the Seattle and Portland-based bands The Young Fresh Fellows and The Minus 5 .   He is also bassist for Robyn Hitchcock 's most recent touring band , The Venus 3 , along with Bill Rieflin ( drums ) and Peter Buck ( guitar ) .   In June 2003 Scott recorded a song with Moween ( Peter Schoemaker/Bram van den Berg ) at the IDQ studio in Utrecht , called `` Move on '' . To be found on http://www.moween.eu .  In 2008 , McCaughey formed the side band The Baseball Project with Buck , Steve Wynn and Linda Pitmon . Their first album , Volume 1 : Frozen Ropes and Dying Quails , celebrates many aspects of baseball culture , and includes a song in tribute to Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher Harvey Haddix .   From 1994 through 2011 , he worked with R.E.M. both on stage and in the studio . While originally brought on as a second guitarist for the Monster tour , McCaughey remained with R.E.M. in various capacities until the band 's dissolution . He contributed to the studio albums New Adventures in Hi-Fi , Up , Reveal , Around the Sun , Accelerate and Collapse into Now . Additionally , he has received credits for his work on the live albums R.E.M. Live and Live at The Olympia album as well as their 2003 greatest hits collection , In Time . When working with R.E.M. , McCaughey played guitar , bass guitar , keyboards , and sang backing vocals .   McCaughey also plays in Tuatara , an instrumental group which features Peter Buck from R.E.M.

neg: Michael Schur Michael Herbert `` Mike '' Schur ( born October 29 , 1975 ) is an American television producer and writer , best known for his work on the NBC comedy series The Office and Parks and Recreation , the latter of which he co-created along with Greg Daniels . He also co-created the FOX comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine , and created the NBC comedy series The Good Place . Schur is also known for his small role on The Office as Mose Schrute , the cousin of Dwight Schrute .

neg: Mickey Bowers Allen LaGrant `` Mickey '' Bowers ( born February 27 , 1949 , at Maxton , North Carolina ) is a retired American professional baseball player , scout , coach and manager whose entire uniformed career took place in minor league baseball . An outfielder , Bowers threw and batted right-handed , stood 5 ft tall and weighed 175 lb .   Bowers graduated from Mount Vernon High School ( Alexandria , Virginia ) and attended Northern Virginia College . He entered professional baseball in in the Philadelphia Phillies ' organization and in his finest season , , he batted .308 with 124 hits , 10 home runs and 73 runs batted in in 106 games played for the Spartanburg Phillies of the Class A Western Carolinas League . However , his career was highlighted by an incident in his first game as a professional in the Short Season-A Northern League . On July 4 , 1968 , Bowers , playing right field for the Huron Phillies , ran through an outfield fence while chasing a foul fly ball . He emerged from the hole in the fence unhurt -- although he did not make the catch . He retired as an active player after the 1970 season and then served six years as a police officer in Washington , D.C. , before returning to baseball as a member of the Major League Baseball Scouting Bureau .   In 1977 , Bowers became a coach in the Seattle Mariners ' farm system . After three seasons ( 1980 -- 82 ) as a coach with the Lynn Sailors of the Double-A Eastern League , Bowers managed the 1982 Sailors to an 82 -- 57 mark and the North Division title . He was named Eastern League Manager of the Year in September of 1982 . The first African American to be named Manager of the Year in professional baseball . In October of 1982 , Frank Robinson was named Major League Manager of Year .   Bowers ' players included future Major Leaguers Alvin Davis , Jim Presley and Harold Reynolds , Spike Owen , Brian Clark , and J.D. Gleathon . Seattle moved its Double-A affiliate the following year to the Chattanooga Lookouts of the Southern League . Bowers was replaced as skipper in midseason as the Lookouts finished below .500 , despite contributions from future MLB stars Ivan Calderón , Darnell Coles , Mark Langston and Danny Tartabull .

neg: Greg Lake (radio personality) Greg Lake ( born 1960 as Gregory Alan Whaley ) has been a Florida radio personality for nearly 20 years . He was born in the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington , D.C. and moved to Florida in the late 1970s to attend Flagler College in St. Augustine , where he met and married his wife , Kathy . Moving to South Florida , he launched his radio career at WKGR 98.7 ( Ft. Pierce , Florida ) where he stayed until the station was sold . He then followed the entire on-air staff to then WAKS-FM 103.7 ( Ft. Meyers , Florida ) where they stayed until it too was eventually sold . Once again , the entire on-air staff returned to the east coast of Florida to take over WZZR 92.7 ( Port St. Lucie , Florida ) where he continued his program `` The Dead Zone '' until the end of 1994 when he took over the morning drive show . He remained there until the spring of 1996 when he was fired for sagging ratings . Greg then , moved to Daytona Beach and started his own advertising agency ( Alternative Advertising ) . After four years in the advertising business , he was offered , and accepted , the Production Director post at WELE 1380 , Ormond Beach . After a year , as Production Director he was promoted to the Program Director position . At the height of the controversial 2000 presidential election , Greg launched and hosted his own politically driven , morning call-in talk show called `` Radio Free Volusia '' which aired Worldwide on the internet and locally on WELE five days a week , until his final show April 25 , 2008 . During the eight years of daily shows , Greg interviewed hundreds of famous national political figures , captains of industry and celebrities in the entertainment field . Along with his often controversial interview style , Greg was also a source for breaking news stories . Many of those stories were in the wake of the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks . Greg has become a prolific political web blogger on http://voiceoftherepublic.com and http://radiofreevolusia.com where he continues to voice his often controversial point of view .   UPDATE * 05/01/2011 - Greg officially launches another website ; http://voxominous.com - The online home to his professional voice over service endeavors .

neg: Michael Crichton John Michael Crichton ( -LSB- ˈkraɪtən -RSB- October 23 , 1942 -- November 4 , 2008 ) was an American best-selling author , screenwriter , film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction , medical fiction and thriller genres . His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide , and many have been adapted into films . In 1994 , Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in U.S. television ( ER ) , film ( Jurassic Park ) , and book sales ( Disclosure ) .   His literary works are usually within the action genre and heavily feature technology . His novels epitomize the techno-thriller genre of literature , often exploring technology and failures of human interaction with it , especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology . Many of his future history novels have medical or scientific underpinnings , reflecting his medical training and science background . He wrote , among other works , The Andromeda Strain ( 1969 ) , Congo ( 1980 ) , Sphere ( 1987 ) , Travels ( 1988 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) , Rising Sun ( 1992 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , The Lost World ( 1995 ) , Airframe ( 1996 ) , Timeline ( 1999 ) , Prey ( 2002 ) , State of Fear ( 2004 ) , Next ( 2006 ; the final book published before his death ) , Pirate Latitudes ( 2009 ) , an unfinished techno-thriller , Micro , which was published in November 2011 , and Dragon Teeth , a historical novel set during the `` Bone Wars '' , published worldwide in May 2017 .