query: Marie Curie studied at the Floating University of Warsaw.

pos: Marie Curie Marie Skłodowska Curie ( -LSB- ˈkjʊri , _ kjʊˈriː -RSB- -LSB- kyʁi -RSB- ; -LSB- kʲiˈri -RSB- ; 7 November 18674 July 1934 ) , born Maria Salomea Skłodowska ( -LSB- ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska -RSB- ) , was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity . She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize , the first person and only woman to win twice , the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences , and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes . She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris , and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris .   She was born in Warsaw , in what was then the Kingdom of Poland , part of the Russian Empire . She studied at Warsaw 's clandestine Floating University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw . In 1891 , aged 24 , she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris , where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work . She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with physicist Henri Becquerel . She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry .   Her achievements included the development of the theory of radioactivity ( a term that she coined ) , techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes , and the discovery of two elements , polonium and radium . Under her direction , the world 's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms , using radioactive isotopes . She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw , which remain major centres of medical research today . During World War I , she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services to field hospitals .   While a French citizen , Marie Skłodowska Curie ( she used both surnames ) never lost her sense of Polish identity . She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland . She named the first chemical element that she discoveredpolonium , which she isolated in 1898after her native country .   Curie died in 1934 , aged 66 , at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz ( Haute-Savoie ) , France , due to aplastic anemia brought on by exposure to radiation while carrying test tubes of radium in her pockets during research , and in the course of her work at field hospitals during World War I.

neg: Kazimierz Palace The Kazimierz Palace ( Pałac Kazimierzowski ) is a building in Warsaw , Poland , adjacent to the Royal Route , at Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28 .   Originally built in 1637-41 , it was rebuilt in 1660 for King John II Casimir ( Jan II Kazimierz Waza , from whom it takes its name ) and again in 1765-68 , by Domenico Merlini , for the Corps of Cadets established by King Stanisław II Augustus .   Since 1816 the Kazimierz Palace has served intermittently as the seat of Warsaw University ( which was closed by the Russian Imperial authorities after each Uprising on the part of their Polish subjects , and in 1939-44 by the Germans .

neg: Eugeniusz Romer Eugeniusz Mikołaj Romer ( 3 February 1871 in Lwów ( Lviv , Lemberg ) -- 28 January 1954 ) was a distinguished Polish geographer , cartographer and geopolitician , whose maps and atlases are still highly valued by Polish experts .   Born in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire , he graduated from a high school in Nowy Sącz and studied history , geology , geography and meteorology at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków , also attending courses in Lwów and Halle ( Saale ) . In 1894 , Romer earned a doctorate in philosophy at Lwów University . He was a president of Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists ( 1910 -- 11 ) .   In final years of the 19th century , he went to Vienna and Berlin to broaden his knowledge of glaciology , geology and meteorology . Romer also went to Lausanne , to study tectonics and morphology . In 1911 he became professor of Lwów University ( in 1946 also of Jagiellonian University ) , later he was named professor honoris causa at the universities in Lwów , Poznań and Kraków . In 1952 he became a member of Polish Academy of Sciences   In 1909 Romer went to Switzerland , to study Alpine glaciers . Next year , he traveled to Asia , and in 1913 to Alaska , to the Saint Elias Mountains ( where one of glaciers has been named after him ) . In 1916 , while in Vienna , Romer started work on the Great Statistical and Geographical Atlas of Poland . This atlas , published in Vienna in 1916 , was crucial to establishing borders of the Second Polish Republic . He was a member of the Polish delegation at the Paris Peace Conference , 1919 , helping to draw the western border of Poland . A second edition of his atlas was published in Lwów and Warsaw in 1921 .   In 1921 in Lwów Romer founded Cartigraphical Institute Ksiaznica-Atlas , which was moved to Wrocław after World War II . It still exists today . In 1929 he retired , concentrating his activities on the Institute . However , he kept close ties with Lwów 's Jan Kazimierz University , lecturing and examining .   In 1941 , when Lwów was captured by the Germans , he hid in a monastery at Piekarska Street , and this decision probably saved his life . Soon after , the Home Army decided to move him to Warsaw , from where he was to be transferred to England to work as an advisor of the Polish Government-in-Exile . However , doctors recommended that Romer should stay in the occupied country , as the journey was too risky for his weak health . Thus , he remained in Warsaw , using the false name Edmund Piotrowski . Romer survived the Warsaw Uprising and a camp in Pruszków .   After the war , he settled in Kraków , taking post of director of Department of Geography at the Jagiellonian University . Since 1899 , he had been married to Jadwiga Rossknecht , daughter of co-owner of the Okocim Brewery . They had two sons : Witold Romer ( 1900 -- 1967 ) , professor of the Wrocław University of Technology and Edmund Romer ( 1904 -- 1988 ) , professor of the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice .   Eugeniusz Romer died 1954 in Kraków and was buried at the Salwator Cemetery .

neg: Wszechnica Polska University in Warsaw Wszechnica Polska University in Warsaw ( formerly Wszechnica Polska -- Szkoła Wyższa Towarzystwa Wiedzy Powszechnej ) is  a private university located in Warsaw , Poland .

neg: Association of the Polish Youth "Zet" This article is about a pre-World War I Polish youth organization . Not to be confused with the post-World War II communist Association of the Polish Youth .  The Związek Młodzieży Polskiej `` Zet '' ( `` Union or Association of the Polish Youth `` Zet '' '' , abbreviated ZMP or more commonly Zet ) was a clandestine organization of Polish students at universities of the three partitioning powers ( Russia , Germany , Austria ) and other European universities with larger groups of Polish students . Its aim was to bring together talented young men and further educate them as community leaders , pro-Polish agitators and possibly for a role in the civil service of a future Polish state . Universities where Zet was active included St. Petersburg , Moscow , Kiev ( Russia ) , Warsaw ( then in the Russian partition ) , Berlin , Breslau , Munich ( Germany ) , Vienna ( Austria ) , Kraków , Lemberg ( Polish Lwów , then in the Austrian partition ) , Paris ( France ) , Zürich , and Geneva ( Switzerland ) .   Zet was formed in Kraków , then in Austria , by Zygmunt Balicki ( 1858-1916 ) , a Lublin-born national activist who had escaped from the Russian partition , in 1887 . In the following year , it became a formal part of the larger conspirative organization Liga Polska ( `` Polish League '' ) formed by Zygmunt Miłkowski ( pseudonym Teodor Tomaż Jeż ) from his exile in Switzerland in 1887 .   Its activities included conspirative meetings in which the members studied and discussed issues from Polish history that were not part of the regular curricula at the universities of the partitioning powers . It also organized Polish-language instruction for interested students of Polish origin with a deficient command of the ( standard ) language . Zet published the magazines Teka ( `` Portfolio '' ) , Dla Polski ( `` For Poland '' ) , Wici ( `` The Web '' ) , which Polish students secretly circulated among themselves .   In Germany , Zet members were required to undergo voluntary military service . This allowed them to avoid being surveilled by the regular police , improved their physical condition and knowledge of military topics . Most importantly , it allowed them to keep their personal weapon and equipment in their accommodation outside the barracks . The equipment was then used in conspirative military training sessions .   Zet selected its members with great care in order to avoid infiltration by the authorities . Usually , only such university students were accepted that had previously been involved with Polish groups at secondary school . The organization was strictly hierarchical and the hierarchy was kept secret even among members , as far as possible .  There existed a three-level hierarchy , in which the lower levels did not know about the members on the higher level ( s ) , or even their existence :  koledzy ( `` colleagues '' ) :  towarzysze ( `` comrades '' )  bracia ( `` brothers '' )  Each cell on any level was led by a `` senior '' ( starszy kolega , `` senior colleague '' etc. ) who kept in touch with a representative of the superior level . The supreme leadership , called centralizacja ( `` centralization '' ) , was initially located in Zürich , later in Warsaw .   In 1894 , a pro-Polish demonstration in Warsaw provoked a massive police action and led to the arrest of many Polish students including key Zet members . After this , the entire organization remained disbanded until 1898 , when it was re-established under the auspices of the Liga Narodowa , an organization established by former members of Liga Polska including Balicki , and led by Roman Dmowski . In 1909 , Zet left the Liga Narodowa . A part of its members started a new group , Zarzewie , another , in 1911 , the `` New Zet '' ( Nowy Zet ) . In World War I , many Zet members fought in Polish Legions . In 1914 , SL Janikowski was a member of the three man central committee in Warsaw .   In Breslau , Germany ( now Wrocław , Poland ) , Wojciech Korfanty was an active Zet member during his time at the university there ( 1889-1901 ) . The article Precz z Centrum ( `` Away with the Centre Party '' ) , which appealed to the Polish minority in Germany to shift their loyalty from the Catholic German Centre Party to its own political representatives , and which Korfanty published in 1901 , was originally drafted in the Breslau Zet group , which comprised roughly a third of all Polish students enrolled at this university .

neg: Panthéon-Assas University -RCB- -RCB-   Panthéon-Assas University ( Université Panthéon-Assas -LSB- ynivɛʁsite pɑ̃teɔ̃ asas -RSB- , also referred to as `` Assas '' -LSB- asas -RSB- , `` Paris II '' -LSB- paʁi dø -RSB- , or `` Sorbonne Law School '' ) is a public university in Paris , France .   Heir of the faculty of law and economics of the University of Paris ( La Sorbonne ) , it was established as its successor when the world 's second oldest academic institution was divided into autonomous universities in 1970 . It is a member of the alliance Sorbonne University .   Panthéon-Assas University is ranked first in France in law by Eduniversal and is renowned for excellence in Law . '' Since its founding , it has produced two presidents including former French president François Hollande , four prime ministers and the holders of thirty-seven other ministerships in France and around the world . Forty alumni of the university have been members of various parliaments as well .   The majority of the nineteen campuses of Panthéon-Assas are located in the Latin Quarter , with the main campus on place du Panthéon . The university is composed of four departments specializing in law , economics , public and private management , and political science , and hosts twenty-four research centres and five specialized doctoral schools . Every year , the university enrolls approximately 18,000 students , including 3,000 international students .

neg: Warsaw School Warsaw School may refer to :   Universities :  Warsaw School of Economics  Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities   Schools of thought :  Warsaw School ( mathematics )  Warsaw School ( history of ideas )

neg: Palais de la Découverte The Palais de la Découverte ( `` Discovery Palace '' ) is a science museum located in the Grand Palais , in the 8th arrondissement on Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt , Paris , France . It is open daily except Monday ; an admission fee is charged .   The museum was created in 1937 by Jean Baptiste Perrin ( awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics , 1926 ) during an international exhibition on `` Arts and techniques in modern life '' . In 1938 the French government decided to convert the facility into a new museum , which now occupies 25,000 square metres within the west wing of the Grand Palais ( Palais d'Antin ) built for the Exposition Universelle ( 1900 ) to designs by architect Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas .   In January 2010 the museum was merged with the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie under one institution is named universcience with two locations .   Today the museum contains permanent exhibits for mathematics , physics , astronomy , chemistry , geology , and biology , featuring interactive experiments with commentaries by lecturers . It includes a Zeiss planetarium with 15-metre dome .

neg: Bronisława Dłuska Bronisława Dłuska ( -LSB- ˌbrɔ̃ɲiˈswava ˈdwuska -RSB- née Skłodowska , 186515 April 1939 ) was a Polish physician , wife of political activist Kazimierz Dłuski , and older sister of physicist Marie Curie . She was a co-founder and the first director of Warsaw 's Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology .

neg: August Witkowski August Wiktor Witkowski ( August Viktor Witkowski 1854 in Brody , Austrian Galicia -- 1913 in Krakow ) was a Polish physicist , rector of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow ( in 1910 ) .   Member of the Academy of Learning . He is credited with founding the first modern physics department in Poland .   One of the buildings of the Jagiellonian University , the Collegium Witkowskiego , is named after him . In 1920 and 1921 he was made a patron of two high schools in Poland : and   His research was into experimental physics , in particular , electrical conduction in gases and electromagnetic radiation .   He is buried at the Rakowicki Cemetery .   Category :1854 births  Category :1913 deaths  Category :19 th-century Polish scholars  Category : Polish physicists  Category : Jagiellonian University faculty  Category : Jews from Galicia ( Eastern Europe )  Category : Polish Austro-Hungarians  Category : Austro-Hungarian Jews  Category : People from Brody  Category : Rectors of the Jagiellonian University  Category : Lviv Polytechnic alumni

neg: Jagiellonian Library Jagiellonian Library ( Biblioteka Jagiellońska , popular nickname Jagiellonka ) is the library of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and with almost 6.7 million volumes , one of the biggest libraries in Poland , serving as a public library , university library and part of the Polish national library system . It has a large collection of medieval manuscripts , for example Copernicus ' De Revolutionibus or Jan Długosz 's Banderia Prutenorum , and a large collection of underground literature ( so-called drugi obieg or samizdat ) from the period of communist rule in Poland ( 1945-1989 ) .   More controversially , the Jagiellonian houses the Berlinka art collection .

neg: Natolin Natolin is a historic park and nature reserve ( 1.2 km ² ) on the southern edge of Warsaw , Poland . `` Natolin '' is also the name of a neighborhood located to the west of the park -- a part of Warsaw 's southernmost Ursynów district .  Since 1993 Natolin has been the site of one of two College of Europe campuses ( College of Europe , Natolin ) .

neg: Mariusz Maszkiewicz Mariusz Maszkiewicz ( born in Iława on May 31 , 1959 ) , is a doctor of human sciences , a diplomat , publicist , sociologist and economist . He has authored many articles covering diverse sociological issues , as well as studies into religions and international relations .   He read sciences from 1981 to 1989 in the Jagiellonian University of Kraków . During his time there , he became involved in the underground freedom movement that flourished in Poland at that time , and led the Wolność i Pokój ( Freedom and Peace ) organisation between 1986 and 1990 . Unlike many ` underground ' pro-democracy groups , who kept out of public scrutiny to avoid repercussions from the government , members of Wolność i Pokój had an open strategy and strove to make themselves -- - and their opposition to totalitarian rule -- unavoidably visible : they climbed up rooftops , went on hunger strikes , and openly spurned the military , sending back their draft papers .   Mariusz continued to play a role in the public domain after the first free elections were instated in Poland in 1991 . Between 1991 and 1994 , he served as an aide-de-camp for the first government , and also served as an advisor on Lithuanian matters . Thereafter , he founded the first Polish consular office in Belarus , located in the city of Hrodno . From 1998 to 2002 he was also Polish ambassador to Belarus .   Mariusz was arrested on March 24 , 2006 , alongside hundreds of others , for protesting against the re-election of Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko , a vote that Western observers claim was fraudulent . Mariusz was hospitalised soon after his arrest , with heart problems , and claims that he was subjected to ` unmerciful ' beatings whilst being transported to his isolation cell .   Since 2007 Maszkiewicz works for the government , now vice-director of the Eastern Policy Department in the Polish MFA .

neg: NYU Paris NYU Paris is an academic centre of New York University located in Paris , France . It is one of NYU 's 14 global academic centers .

neg: University of Białystok The University of Bialystok is the largest university in the north-eastern region of Poland , educating in various fields of study , including humanities , social and natural sciences and mathematics . It has nine faculties , including a foreign one in Vilnius . Four faculties have been awarded the highest scientific category `` A '' . The University of Bialystok has the right to confer doctoral degrees in ten fields , as well as postdoctoral degrees in law , economics , chemistry , biology , history and physics .   Over 13,000 students are being educated in 31 fields of study , including doctoral studies and postgraduate studies . The University employs nearly 800 academics , almost 200 professors among them .   Every year the University carries out approximately 60 research projects , financed from domestic and foreign funds ; it also benefits from the structural funds . Among the University 's many accomplishments are its participation in 6th and 7th Framework Programme for Research , Technological Development and Demonstration , Horizon 2020 , Comenius and Aspera as well as the DAPHNE III programme .

neg: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego University of Silesia Press ( Pol . Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego ) was founded in 1968 as the Publishing Department of the University of Silesia , concurrently with the foundation of the University of Silesia in Katowice . On 1 September 1975 it was transformed into a full fledged publishing house .   University of Silesia Press publishes academic works in all of the disciplines of scholarship and science represented by the academic faculty of the University of Silesia in Katowice . The USP publications include peer-refereed monographs , collective volumes as well as periodicals . Since 2013 , all of the USP print publications are simultaneously made available as e-books . The USP book series and perioducals , a significant number of which feature in the evaluation lists of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and are indexed in Polish and international repositories and databases ( such as Central and Eastern European Online Library , Index Copernicus , CEJSH , BazHum , ERIH PLUS , and others ) . The USP journals are made available to the reading public as open access periodicals ( the so called `` gold path '' ) in accordance with the recommendation of the European Commission of 17 July 2012 on access to and preservation of scientific information . A part of the overall body of the USP publications are habilitationschrifts ( i.e. `` tenure books '' ) as well as doctoral dissertations recommended by the Ph.D. committees at the University of Silesia in Katowice .   A separate field of the USP publishing activity are coursebooks and teaching materials for students , including students of extramural programs and students of Polish as a foreign language .   The publications of the University of Silesia Press have received numerous awards and honorary mentions ; among Authors publishing with the USP there are leading experts in a variety of areas of research .   On average , the annual production of the University of Silesia Press amounts to 150-170 titles , with the total volume of ca. 2700 printed sheets per year .   Since February 2017 , the University of Silesia Press is led by Beata Klyta , serving as its acting director .

neg: University of Economics in Katowice University of Economics in Katowice is a higher education institution in Katowice , Poland .

neg: Lebedev Physical Institute The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( LPI RAS ) ( in Физи́ческий институ́т имени П.Н.Ле́бедева Российской академии наук , situated in Moscow , is one of the leading Russian research institutes specializing in physics . It is also one of the oldest research institutions in Russia : its history dates back to a collection of physics equipment established by Peter the Great in the Kunstkamera of Saint Petersburg in 1714 . The institute was established in its present shape in 1934 by academician Sergey Vavilov . It moved to Moscow and was named after a prominent Russian physicist Pyotr Lebedev the same year . It is also known as Lebedev Institute of Physics or just Lebedev Institute . In Russian it is often referred to by the acronym FIAN standing for `` Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences '' .   The wide range of the research activities includes : laser technology , dark matter structure , nanostructures , superconductivity , cosmic rays , and gamma-astronomy . The institute developed a technique of crystallizing cubic zirconia ( which was called Fianit in Russia , named after FIAN ) .

neg: Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw ( Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie ) is a public university of visual and applied arts located in the Polish capital . The Academy traces its history back to the Department of Arts founded at the Warsaw University in 1812 . As a separate institution it was founded in 1844 during the Partitions of Poland . In an upgrade in 1904 it was named the Warsaw School of Fine Arts ; and in 1932 it received recognition as an Academy . At first the institute did not have its own building and classes were held in several locations around the city . Following an architectural competition a design by Alfons Gravier was chosen and construction began in 1911 . The building was completed by the outbreak of the First World War .

neg: Polish Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Institute of Physical Chemistry ( Polish Instytut Chemii Fizycznej ) is one of numerous institutes belonging to the Polish Academy of Sciences . As its name suggests , the institute 's primary research interests are in the field of physical chemistry . The institute is subdivided into departments , including the Department of Soft Condensed Matter and Fluids , the Department of Physical Chemistry of Supramolecular Complexes , the Department of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy and the Department of Quantum Theory of Solids and Molecules , this is also known as the PIPC .

neg: Faculty of Materials Science, Technology and Designe of Kazimierz Pułaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom Faculty of Materials Science , Technology and Designe of Kazimierz Pułaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom is one of the eight divisions of the Kazimierz Pułaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom , Poland .


query: Star vs. the Forces of Evil is produced by ABC Family.

pos: Star vs. the Forces of Evil Star vs. the Forces of Evil is an American animated television series produced by Disney Television Animation . The first episode was shown on January 18 , 2015 , on Disney Channel as a special preview , and the series officially premiered on March 30 , 2015 , on Disney XD . The show was created by Daron Nefcy , who had worked on storyboards for Wander Over Yonder and Robot and Monster . Nefcy became the second woman to create an animated series for Disney Television Animation ( the first being Sue Rose , who created Pepper Ann ) , and the first woman to create a Disney XD series . On February 12 , 2015 , Disney renewed the series for a second season prior to its premiere on Disney XD . The second season premiered on July 11 , 2016 . On March 4 , 2016 , it was renewed for a third season , and on February 28 , 2017 , it was officially renewed for a fourth season .

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager , an American television series created by Brenda Hampton , debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday , June 22 , 2009 at 8:00 PM . Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley , India Eisley , Daren Kagasoff , Francia Raisa , Kenny Baumann , Molly Ringwald , Mark Derwin , Megan Park , and Greg Finley II . Following the first season , Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars . Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character 's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return .   Following the success of its first season , ABC Family announced on January 31 , 2009 , plans to renew Secret Life , following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show , Kyle XY . The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two . Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22 , 2009 . Though marketed as the season finale , the mid season finale aired on September 7 , 2009 , with the second half of the season returning on January 4 , 2010 . The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22 , 2010 .   The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far , with a record breaking 4.68 million viewers . It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers , behind season one 's mid-season finale . 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched `` The Big One '' along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18 -- 34 . The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 with more than three million viewers watching . The mid-season premiere also brought in the show 's second largest audience in total viewers , with more than 4.55 million people watching .   This season , Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school , while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own .

neg: Fringe (season 2) The second season of the American science fiction television series Fringe commenced airing on the Fox network on September 17 , 2009 , and concluded on May 20 , 2010 . The season was produced by Bad Robot Productions in association with Warner Bros. . Television , and its showrunners were Jeff Pinkner and J.H. Wyman . Actors Anna Torv , John Noble , and Joshua Jackson reprised their roles as FBI agent Olivia Dunham and father-son duo Walter and Peter Bishop , respectively . Previous series regulars Lance Reddick , Jasika Nicole , Blair Brown , and Kirk Acevedo also returned , though with Acevedo in a limited capacity .   The season followed the continuation of a war between two universes , the prime and the parallel . It was set in the former , until the last several episodes when Peter Bishop ( Jackson ) journeyed back to the parallel universe after being lured there by his real father , `` Walternate '' ( Noble ) . While co-creator J.J. Abrams described the first season as `` identifying that there is an enemy '' , he referred to season two as `` getting to know the enemy '' as it `` build -LSB- s -RSB- to a very specific type of confrontation '' between the two universes . The writers focused on their characters ' development , in particular making them more comfortable with each other while solving cases for Fringe Division . By inventing the `` mythalone '' style of episode , the producers sought to create the perfect episode that mixed standalone episode qualities for casual viewers with the further development of the series ' mythology for regular viewers .   In a departure from the previous season , the second season aired in a new competitive timeslot at 9:00 pm on Thursdays . It contained 22 episodes , plus an unaired episode that was produced during the first season ; `` Unearthed '' aired as a special as episode 11 of season two , days prior to `` Johari Window '' , the first new episode of 2010 . Also part of the season was the series ' only musical episode , `` Brown Betty '' , which was produced at the request of the network . The season finale , `` Over There '' , fully introduced the parallel universe and laid the groundwork for the third season .   Fringe ended its second season with a per episode average of 6.252 million total viewers and a 2.3 ratings share in the 18 -- 49 demographic . The season was generally well-received by critics , though most agreed that the second half was a considerable improvement over the first . The series was chosen for a number of 2010 `` best of television '' lists , including The New York Times , the Seattle Post-Intelligencer , and Entertainment Weekly . Despite its critical acclaim , Fringe failed to earn any major category nominations at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards , but did receive nominations at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards , Golden Reel Awards , and Satellite Awards ; at the Saturn Awards , Torv and guest actor Leonard Nimoy won in their respective categories . The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on September 14 , 2010 , in region 2 on September 27 , and in region 4 on November 10 .

neg: PBS Home Video PBS Distribution ( PBSd ) , formerly known as PBS Home Video , is the home video distribution unit of American television network PBS . The company releases and sells home videos of PBS series and movies and PBS Kids series in various formats .   It is jointly owned by the Public Broadcasting Service and the WGBH Educational Foundation .   It is currently distributing PBS programs and movies on DVD , Blu-ray , digital downloads , and streaming media and PBS Kids programs on DVD . In 2017 independent films produced by PBSd were added for theatrical distribution and home video releases .

neg: Family Challenge Family Challenge is an American game show that aired on The Family Channel from October 2 , 1995 to September 7 , 1997 , lasting for two seasons . Reruns aired on GSN from April 3 to September 25 , 1999 .   The first season was hosted by Ray Combs , with Gene Wood serving as announcer . Both had formerly served in the same respective roles for Family Feud . Combs took the role in large part because he was deep in debt and needed the money ; his financial and some health problems eventually led Combs to commit suicide in 1996 , after the first season ended . The second season , rechristened The New Family Challenge , was hosted by Michael Burger and announced by Charlie Glaize . The show was created by comedian Dave Thomas and Woody Fraser and was originally produced as a pilot for ABC Television . Thomas and Fraser were executive producers on the show for its entire run on Family Channel .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California .   The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .

neg: A Ward Show `` A Ward Show '' is the third episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series American Dad ! . It aired on Fox in the United States on November 6 , 2011 . The episode plot mainly revolves around Roger becoming Steve 's legal guardian , but he gets a little overzealous in the parenting department . Meanwhile , Stan and Francine decide to go on a vacation to Flash Flood Acres , The Largest Water Park in the Universe . But after spending two hours there they go on every ride , so they decide to get a refund from the manager , but fail when they learn he would not be back until Thursday .   This episode was written by Erik Durbin and directed by Josue Cervantes . This episode generally received positive reviews . Rowan Kaiser from The A.V. Club rated this episode a Grade B + . During its initial airing , the episode was viewed by 4.85 million households and achieved a 1.6 rating in the 18-49 demographic , according to the Nielson ratings . It featured a guest appearance from Anjelica Huston and Sally Struthers , as well as several recurring voice actors and actresses for the series .

neg: Rising Star (U.S. TV series) Rising Star was a short-lived American reality television singing competition which began airing on ABC on June 22 , 2014 . It was based on the international franchise series Rising Star itself based on the Israeli singing competition HaKokhav HaBa ( meaning `` The Next Star '' ) made by Keshet Broadcasting Ltd. . The program format lets viewers vote for contestants via mobile apps . It was filmed live in Los Angeles . The show is also carried in Canada , with advertising simultaneous substitution and voting access on CTV .   Jesse Kinch was the winner of Rising Stars first and only season with a vote of 76 % . Macy Kate holds the record of highest vote with 93 % and she came in 9th place . Daniel & Olivia hold the record of lowest vote with 6 % and they came in last place . Rising Star was cancelled after the season .

neg: A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge .   The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman .   Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks .   The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .

neg: Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide .   The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting .   In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 .  The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount .   Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night .   Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City .   Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .

neg: Devils You Know `` Devils You Know '' is the fourth episode of the third season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they work with a rival organization to hunt Inhumans . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Paul Zbyszewski , and directed by Ron Underwood .   Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , Adrianne Palicki , and Henry Simmons . The visual effects for guest star Chad Lindberg 's Inhuman character 's abilities were provided by FuseFX .   `` Devils You Know '' originally aired on ABC on October 20 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 3.85 million viewers .

neg: Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) .   Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .

neg: A&E Networks A&E Networks ( branded as A+E Networks ) is an American media company that owns a group of television channels available via cable & satellite in the U.S. and abroad . A&E stands for Arts & Entertainment . The company is a joint venture with Hearst and Disney-ABC Television Group , a unit of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .

neg: Phoenix Productions Phoenix Productions is a New York based creative studio that produces advertising , television , film and video production company . The company was formed in 2005 by Chris Phoenix to create the show open and graphics package for Bravo 's Battle of the Network Reality Stars . It has since expanded into marketing , advertising and other programming , most notably the Comedy Central series Important Things With Demetri Martin and Jon Stewart 's `` Night of Too Many Stars '' .  The company bills itself as a combination creative agency , production company and post-production house .

neg: Child Star (Glee) `` Child Star '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the 117th overall . The episode was written by Ned Martel , directed by supervising producer Michael Hitchcock , and first aired on February 27 , 2015 on Fox in the United States .   The episode takes place as New Directions are hired by a young boy to perform at his bar mitzvah party , but he turns out to cause all sorts of problems . Meanwhile , Mason McCarthy is developing feelings for Jane Hayward but runs into issues with his sister Madison McCarthy , and Roderick helps Spencer Porter to begin a new relationship .

neg: Star Wars Holiday Special The Star Wars Holiday Special is a 1978 American musical science fiction television film set in the Star Wars galaxy . It stars the series ' first film 's main cast while introducing the character Boba Fett , who would appear in later films . It is one of the first official Star Wars spin-offs and was directed by Steve Binder .   In the storyline that ties the special together , Chewbacca and Han Solo visit Kashyyyk , Chewbacca 's home world , to celebrate Life Day . They are pursued by agents of the Galactic Empire , who are searching for members of the Rebel Alliance on the planet . The special introduces three members of Chewbacca 's family : his father Itchy , his wife Malla , and his son Lumpy , though these names were later explained to have been nicknames , their full names being Attichitcuk , Mallatobuck , and Lumpawarrump , respectively .   The program also features many other Star Wars characters , including Luke Skywalker , C-3PO , R2-D2 , Darth Vader and Princess Leia ( who sings the film 's `` theme song '' , set to the music of John Williams ' Star Wars theme , near the end ) , all of them portrayed by the original actors . The program includes stock footage from Star Wars , and also features a cartoon produced by Toronto-based Nelvana that officially introduces the bounty hunter Boba Fett . Scenes also take place in outer space and in spacecraft including the Millennium Falcon and an Imperial Star Destroyer . The variety-show segments and cartoon also take place in a few other locales , such as a Mos Eisley cantina on the desert planet of Tatooine and a newly introduced red ocean planet known as Panna .   The special is notorious for its extremely negative reception and has never been rebroadcast or officially released on home video . It has therefore become something of a cultural legend , because of the `` underground '' quality of its existence . It has been viewed and distributed in off-air recordings made from its original telecast by fans , which were later adapted to content-sharing websites via the Internet and bootleg copies .

neg: Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired .   A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel .   The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .

neg: Wizard Wars Wizard Wars is a reality competition show in which teams of magicians create and perform original magic routines before a live studio audience . Their acts are judged on creativity , deception , and showmanship . Vegas headliners Penn & Teller head up the judging panel , alongside magic critic Christen Gerhart and World Champion of Magic Jason Latimer . Wizard Wars also features four `` home team '' magicians -- the `` Wizards '' -- who return every week to take on new teams of `` challengers . '' Wizards include street magician Justin Flom , stage illusionist David Shimshi , mentalist Angela Funovits , and con man Gregory Wilson . The series premiered August 19 , 2014   Wizard Wars was created in 2012 by Vegas-based magic consultant Rick Lax and street magician Justin Flom . Flom filmed the original Wizard Wars pilot in Lax 's apartment , on a $ 15 budget . The competing magicians created routines with placemats , beach balls , colored erasers and fake oranges . Flom 's YouTube video , featured on Wired.com and BoingBoing.com , caught the eye of production company A. Smith & Co. , who worked with Lax and Flom to sell the show to the Syfy network . Flom now stars in the show as a `` Wizard '' ; Lax works behind the scene as a producer and magic consultant .   Notable magicians appearing on Wizard Wars include Las Vegas headliners Murray SawChuck , Tommy Wind , Nathan Burton , Greg Dow , America 's Got Talent 's Leon Etienne ( Season 8 ) , and Naathan Phan .   Over a million people watched the Wizard Wars series premiere . The episode highlighted Canadian illusionists Chris Funk and Ekaterina , who ended up losing the `` Wizard War '' to `` Wizards '' Gregory Wilson and Justin Flom .   Speaking on behalf of Flom and himself , Lax said this of the Internet-to-series premier journey : `` The most unlikely part of the YouTube-video-to-Syfy-show transition was that the original Wizard Wars vision stayed in shape ... Everyone told me , ` Hollywood is going to tear your idea apart , ' but that did n't happen . Only thing that happened was the magic got bigger and better . ''   Wizard Wars maintained `` very solid ratings '' and was renewed for another six episodes . In these six episodes ( `` Season 1.5 '' ) former Challenger Billy Kidd joins the cast as a full-fledged Wizard .

neg: List of The Middle episodes The Middle is a primetime American comedy series created by DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler for the ABC network . The Middle stars Patricia Heaton and Neil Flynn as Frankie and Mike Heck , a used-car saleswoman and the manager of a small mining firm respectively , who struggle to raise their children in the fictional middle-class town of Orson , Indiana . Their three children include the athletic but underachieving , slow-witted Axl ( Charlie McDermott ) , cluelessly unpopular daughter Sue ( Eden Sher ) , and frustrated , odd child-genius Brick ( Atticus Shaffer ) . The Hecks find themselves embroiled in somewhat unusual events as they attempt to navigate their day-to-day lives . The series was met with a positive reception from television critics when it premiered on September 30 , 2009 , with a score of 70 on the aggregated reviews website Metacritic . On March 3 , 2016 , ABC renewed the series for an eighth season . On January 25 , 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a ninth season .

neg: Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) .   Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .


query: The Olympic Games has nearly 400 events.

pos: Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics ( Jeux olympiques ) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions . The Olympic Games are considered the world 's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating . The Olympic Games are held every four years , with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart .   Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games , which were held in Olympia , Greece , from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD . Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) in 1894 , leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896 . The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement , with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority .   The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games . Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Olympic Games for ice and winter sports , the Paralympic Games for athletes with a disability , and the Youth Olympic Games for teenage athletes . The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic , political , and technological advancements . As a result , the Olympics has shifted away from pure amateurism , as envisioned by Coubertin , to allowing participation of professional athletes . The growing importance of mass media created the issue of corporate sponsorship and commercialisation of the Games . World wars led to the cancellation of the 1916 , 1940 , and 1944 Games . Large boycotts during the Cold War limited participation in the 1980 and 1984 Games .   The Olympic Movement consists of international sports federations ( IFs ) , National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) , and organising committees for each specific Olympic Games . As the decision-making body , the IOC is responsible for choosing the host city for each Games , and organises and funds the Games according to the Olympic Charter . The IOC also determines the Olympic programme , consisting of the sports to be contested at the Games . There are several Olympic rituals and symbols , such as the Olympic flag and torch , as well as the opening and closing ceremonies . Over 13,000 athletes compete at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games in 33 different sports and nearly 400 events . The first , second , and third-place finishers in each event receive Olympic medals : gold , silver , and bronze , respectively .   The Games have grown so much that nearly every nation is now represented . This growth has created numerous challenges and controversies , including boycotts , doping , bribery , and a terrorist attack in 1972 . Every two years the Olympics and its media exposure provide unknown athletes with the chance to attain national and sometimes international fame . The Games also constitute an opportunity for the host city and country to showcase themselves to the world .

neg: 1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics , known officially as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially as the Centennial Olympic Games , was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Atlanta , Georgia , United States , from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 . A record 197 nations , all current IOC member nations , took part in the Games , comprising 10,318 athletes . The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games , which had been held in the same year since 1924 , and place them in alternating even-numbered years , beginning in 1994 . The 1996 Summer Games were the first to be staged in a different year from the Winter Games . Atlanta became the fifth American city to host the Olympic Games and the third to hold a Summer Olympic Games .

neg: Olympiada Olympiada may refer to :  the Olympic Games  1022 Olympiada , an asteroid named after the Olympic Games  Olympias , mother of Alexander the Great  Olympiada , Chalkidiki , a village in the municipal unit Stagira-Akanthos , Chalkidiki , Greece  Olympiada , Kozani , a village in the municipal unit Ptolemaida , Kozani regional unit , Greece  Olympiada , Larissa , a village in Elassona  Olympiada Patras , a multi-sport club in Patras , Greece  `` Olympiada '' , a piece of concert band music composed by Samuel Hazo

neg: World Combat Games The World Combat Games are an international multi-sport event featuring combat sports and martial arts . Fifteen Olympic and non-Olympic sports are currently on the programme : aikido , boxing , fencing , judo , ju-jitsu , karate , kendo , kickboxing , Muay Thai , sambo , savate , sumo , taekwondo , wrestling and wushu .   The World Combat Games were initiated by SportAccord , the umbrella organisation for international sports federations and organizers of sports events , in order to bring these sports closer to a worldwide public . The World Combat Games are accompanied by a cultural program that reflects the ancient traditions and values of martial arts as well as their contribution to modern society .

neg: Parade of the Athletes Parade of the Athletes is a retrospective mix by Dutch DJ Tiësto of his live set performed during the opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympic Games in Athens , Greece on 13 August 2004 ( see 2004 in music ) . This was the first time that a DJ was asked to perform for a ceremony at the Olympics . Recognizing one of their own , the Dutch team came up to the booth while Tiësto was performing this set . All of the songs on this track are original songs composed by Tiësto except for `` Adagio for Strings '' , which is his own remix of Samuel Barber 's piece by the same name ( the remix was also influenced by William Orbit 's original electronic remix of the song in 1999 ) , and `` Athena '' , which is also a remix of Albinoni 's Adagio in G minor .   The album contains 8 new tracks composed exclusively for the Olympic Games Athens 2004 Opening Ceremony , and 4 other well-known tracks ( `` Traffic '' , `` Lethal Industry '' , `` Adagio for Strings '' and `` Forever Today '' ) . An unmixed version was also released .

neg: World and Olympic records set at the 2000 Summer Olympics A number of world records and Olympic records were set in various events at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney .

neg: Wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics Wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall and was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which are further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the Freestyle event with 18 gold medals being contested in all . This was the first Olympic Games that included women 's wrestling events on the program .

neg: 1964 Summer Paralympics The , originally known as the 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games , were the 2nd Paralympic Games to be held . They were held in Tokyo , Japan , they were the last Summer Paralympics to take place in the same city as the Summer Olympics until the 1988 Summer Paralympics . The term `` Paralympic Games '' was approved by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) first in 1984 , while the International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ) was formed in 1989 .   In contrast with the 1960 Games , many events had more than three participants , meaning that athletes were no longer guaranteed a medal upon completing their event .   Also originally known as Paralympic Tokyo 1964 .   Tokyo will host the Summer Paralympic Games again in 2020 . .

neg: Games '74 Games '74 is a 1974 New Zealand -- made documentary film of the 1974 British Commonwealth Games , held in Christchurch , New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974 . The full title was Games ' 74 : Official Film of the Xth British Commonwealth Games , Christchurch , New Zealand , 1974 .   The feature-length documentary in colour and on 35 mm was shot and processed by the New Zealand National Film Unit ( NFU ) . The directors became prominent in New Zealand film-making in the next two decades , and one of the location assistants , one Sam Neill , went on to an international career .   The spectator 's - eye camera avoids camera comment . The prime targets are track events , then field events , with `` elephantine drama '' from the male weightlifters and shots of the marathon which go outside the stadium . There is a surprisingly ( for the time ) gender-balanced and apolitical narrative which underlines the humanity of the competitors as much as it shows the drama of success and failure '' according to Sam Edwards , although `` woman 's events receive scant coverage '' . Divers are captured in slow motion , and a `` series of high jumpers , using similar techniques to cross the bar are edited in collapsed sequence , reminding viewers of salmon exploding up a waterfall '' .   The film has been restored and is available on DVD .

neg: GamesBids GamesBids.com is an Olympic bid news and information web site created in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , by Robert Livingstone .   The goal of the site , which was originally named Torontosummergames.com , was to follow the bid by the city of Toronto to organize the Games of the XXIXth Olympiad in 2008 . After Beijing was eventually elected to host the Olympic Games , the site continued to operate , generally addressing and analysing the overall Olympic bid business .   The site has also been the source of a few scoops , for instance when one of the forum members discovered the trademark filing of the Beijing 2008 logo , providing the information before it was due to be released to the public .   Many international websites , newspapers , and news stations have mentioned Gamesbids in connection to the Olympic Movement , for instance the International Herald Tribune and The New York Times that wrote `` GamesBids.com , an influential , independent Web site based in Canada that looks at the business of the bidding process . ''   GamesBids.com is also well-respected by key industry insiders . Baku 2020 Olympic bid chief Konul Nurullayeva said `` GamesBids '' is one of the most influential websites that disseminate information about the preparation for the Olympics , the election process and the candidate-cities . ''

neg: Olympic Stadium (Montreal) Olympic Stadium ( Stade olympique ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Canada , located at Olympic Park in the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of Montreal . Built in the mid-1970s as the main venue for the 1976 Summer Olympics , it is nicknamed `` The Big O '' , a reference to both its name and to the doughnut-shape of the permanent component of the stadium 's roof . It is also called `` The Big Owe '' to reference the astronomical cost of the stadium and the 1976 Olympics as a whole .   The stadium is the largest by seating capacity in Canada . After the Olympics , artificial turf was installed and it became the home of Montreal 's professional baseball and football teams . The Montreal Alouettes of the CFL returned to their previous home of Molson Stadium in 1998 for regular season games , but continued to use Olympic Stadium for playoff and Grey Cup games until 2014 when they returned to Molson Stadium for all of their games . Following the 2004 baseball season , the Expos relocated to Washington , D.C. to become the Washington Nationals . The stadium currently serves as a multipurpose facility for special events ( e.g. concerts , trade shows ) with a permanent seating capacity of 56,040 . The capacity is expandable with temporary seating . The Montreal Impact of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) use the venue on occasion , when larger capacity is needed or when the weather restricts outdoor play at nearby Saputo Stadium in the spring months .   The stadium has not had a main tenant since the Expos left in 2004 . Despite decades of use , the stadium 's history of numerous structural and financial problems has largely branded it a white elephant .   Incorporated into the north base of the stadium is the Montreal Tower , the world 's tallest inclined tower at 175 m . The stadium and Olympic Park grounds border Maisonneuve Park , which includes the Montreal Botanical Garden , adjacent to the west across Rue Sherbrooke ( Route 138 ) .

neg: Water polo at the Summer Olympics Water polo has been part of the Summer Olympics program since the second games , in 1900 . A women 's water polo tournament was introduced for the 2000 Summer Olympics . Hungary , Italy , and the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavian teams have historically dominated the men 's tournament , while Australia and the United States are the only teams to win multiple medals at the women 's tournament since its introduction .   The most famous water polo match in history is probably the 1956 Summer Olympics semi-final match between Hungary and the Soviet Union , which became known as the `` Blood in the Water match '' . As the athletes left for the games , the Hungarian revolution began , and the Soviet army crushed the uprising . The Hungarians defeated the Soviets 4 -- 0 before the game was called off in the final minute to prevent angry Hungarians in the crowd reacting to Valentin Prokopov punching Ervin Zador 's eye open .

neg: Olympic Sports Centre, Riga The Elektrum Olympic Centre ( Elektrum Olimpiskais centrs ) , until 2016 : Olympic Sports Centre , Olimpiskais sporta centrs ) is a indoor multi-functional sports facility in Rīga , Latvia , which was opened in 2005 at the former location of the Riga hippodrome by the Latvian Olympic Committee as part of a nation-wide network of olympic centres designed to improve the training and competition facilities of Latvian athletes .   The Olympic Sports Centre covers the area of approximately 24.000 square meters and can be used by more than 2.000 visitors per day . The centre offers a multifunctional sports hall , an artificial turf football hall , facilities for basketball , volleyball , beach volleyball , athletics , swimming , gymnastics and aerobic training , as well as office spaces and a café . The headquarters of the Latvian Football Federation are located at the centre . In 2009 , the centre was awarded the `` European Healthy Stadia '' status .   The arena has hosted a variety of sporting competitions , as well as concerts , seminars and exhibitions , such as the 2006 NATO Riga Summit . It was the second arena of the 2016 Men 's World Floorball Championships , the first being Arēna Rīga .

neg: Czech Republic at the Olympics The Czech Republic first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994 , and has competed in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then . Prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993 , Czech athletes had competed at the Olympics from 1920 to 1992 as Czechoslovakia and from 1900 to 1912 as Bohemia .   Athletes from the Czech Republic have won a total of 55 medals at the Summer Games , with canoeing , athletics and shooting as the top medal-producing sports . The nation has also won 24 medals at the Winter Games , mostly in cross-country skiing , speed skating and ultimately popular ice hockey . In terms of medal count the most decorated Czech Olympian within the post-Czechoslovak period is cross-country skier Kateřina Neumannová ( 6 medals between 1998 and 2006 ) .   The National Olympic Committee for the Czech Republic is the Czech Olympic Committee , which was founded in 1899 and recognized in its current form by the International Olympic Committee in 1993 .

neg: Chronological summary of the 2008 Summer Olympics This page contains a chronological summary of major events from the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China .

neg: List of Olympic Games host cities This is a list of host cities of the Olympic Games , both summer and winter , since the modern Olympics began in 1896 . Since then , summer games have usually but not always celebrated a four-year period known as an Olympiad . There have been 29 Summer Olympic Games held in 23 cities , and 22 Winter Olympic Games held in 19 cities . In addition , three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but later cancelled due to war : Berlin ( summer ) in 1916 ; Helsinki ( summer ) and Garmisch-Partenkirchen ( winter ) in 1940 ; and London ( summer ) and Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy ( winter ) in 1944 . The 1906 Summer Olympics were officially sanctioned and held in Athens . In 1949 , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) , decided to unrecognize the 1906 Games . Three cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games : Pyeongchang for the 2018 Winter Olympics , Tokyo for the 2020 Summer Olympics , and Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics .   In 2022 , Beijing will become the only city that has held both the summer and winter Olympic Games . Seven cities have hosted the Olympic Games more than once : Athens ( 1896 and 2004 Summer Olympics ) , Paris ( 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics ) , London ( 1908 , 1948 and 2012 Summer Olympics ) , St. Moritz ( 1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics ) , Lake Placid ( 1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics ) , Los Angeles ( 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics ) , and Innsbruck ( 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics ) . Tokyo will join this list upon hosting the 2020 Summer Olympics , having previously hosted the summer games of 1964 and also Beijing upon hosting the 2022 Winter Olympics , having previously hosted the summer games of 2008 . In addition , Stockholm hosted the 1912 Summer Olympics and the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics . London became the first city to have hosted three Games with the 2012 Summer Olympics .  The United States has hosted a total of eight Olympic Games , more than any other country , followed by France with five editions . Canada , Germany , Italy , Japan , and the United Kingdom have each hosted three Games .   The Games have primarily been hosted in the continents of Europe ( 36 editions ) and North America ( 12 editions ) ; eight Games have been hosted in Asia and two have been hosted in Oceania . In 2016 , Rio de Janeiro became South America 's first Olympic host city , while the African continent is yet to host the Olympic Games . Other major geographic regions which have not hosted the Olympics include the Middle East , the Indian subcontinent , the Caribbean , and Southeast Asia .   Host cities are selected by the IOC membership , usually seven years in advance . The selection process lasts approximately two years . In the first stage , any city in the world may submit an application to become a host city . After 10 months , the Executive Board of the IOC decides which applicant city will become official candidates as based on the recommendation of a working groups that reviews the applications . In a second stage , the candidate cities are investigated thoroughly by an Evaluation Commission , which then submits a final short list of cities to be considered for selection . The host city is then chosen by vote of the IOC session , a general meeting of IOC members .

neg: 2004 European Winter Throwing Challenge The 2004 European Winter Throwing Challenge was held on 13 and 14 March at St. John Athletic Stadium in Marsa , Malta . It was the fourth edition of the athletics competition for throwing events organised by the European Athletics Association . The 2004 event was the last to use the challenge name , as subsequent editions were known as European Cup Winter Throwing events . A total of 147 athletes from 28 countries entered the competition .   The competition featured men 's and women 's contests in shot put , discus throw , javelin throw and hammer throw . Athletes were seeded into `` A '' and `` B '' groups in each competition . Russia topped the points table in the women 's and men 's division of the team competition . With four medals , it shared the greatest medal haul alongside Germany , which was runner-up in the points table but was the only nation to have two winners from the eight events on offer .   The host nation , Malta , had only one athlete at the event -- men 's javelin thrower Jean Paul Callus . Callus broke the Maltese record with his opening throw , recording a new best mark of for his country . The weather was not conducive to high standard performances and Callus gave the sole record performance of the challenge .   Five athletes went on to take medals at the 2004 Athens Olympics : Eşref Apak was a bronze medallist , Vadims Vasiļevskis , Nadine Kleinert and Steffi Nerius took Olympic silver , and Natalya Sadova became the Olympic champion in women 's discus . Despite going on to this success , among these only Vasiļevskis was a winner in the European Winter Throwing Challenge .

neg: List of ancient Olympic victors The current list of ancient Olympic victors contains all of the known victors of the ancient Olympic Games from the 1st Games in 776 B.C.E. up to 264th in 277 A.D. , as well as the games of 369 A.D.E. before their permanent disbandment in 393 by Roman emperor Theodosius I . It is based on available modern sources , as well as the older ones such as the writings of Pausanias ( 2nd century A.D. ) and Chronicle of Eusebius ( 3rd century A.D. ) .

neg: Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics At the 1900 Summer Olympics , twenty-three athletics events were contested . Altogether , 117 athletes from 15 nations competed . A total of 68 medals ( 23 gold , 23 silver , 22 bronze ) were awarded . In many countries , due in part to the conflation of the Olympic Games and the World 's Fair in Paris , the media discussed only the athletics events under the `` Olympic '' name while ignoring the incredible variety of other sports featured at the time .   The 23 events listed are those currently considered to have been of Olympic stature by the International Olympic Committee and most Olympic historians . They exclude all events that used a handicap system , as well as all events which were open to professional athletes .   Competitions were held on 14 July , 15 July , 16 July , 19 July , and 22 July . This included Bastille Day , which is a French holiday , and then Sunday , which many of the American athletes protested . Even with many Americans not competing in finals because of confusion caused by the organizers ' decision to count scores achieved on Monday , 16 July for finals held on Sunday , 15 July and subsequent rescission of that decision , the United States won more than 4 times as many medals as any other nation , including 16 of the 23 gold medals .   The conditions of competition were also subpar compared even to those at the previous games in 1896 . There was no track for the Paris Games , as a grass field dotted with trees and of unequal elevation was used . The course was 500 metres in length , an unusual distance for a track .

neg: United States at the Olympics The United States of America have sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games , except the 1980 Summer Olympics , during which it led a boycott . The United States Olympic Committee ( USOC ) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States .   U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,521 medals ( 1,022 of them being gold ) at the Summer Olympic Games and another 282 at the Winter Olympic Games . Most medals have been won in athletics ( track and field ) ( 801 , 32 % ) and swimming ( 553 , 22 % ) . Thomas Burke was the first athlete to represent the United States at the Olympics . He took first place in both the 100 meters and the 400 meters of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . American track and field athlete James Connolly was the first modern Olympic champion . He took first place in the triple jump which was the first opening day final event at the 1896 Summer Olympics . American swimmer Michael Phelps is the most-decorated Olympic athlete of any nation , with 28 medals ( including 23 golds ) .   The United States has won gold at every games at which it has competed , more gold and overall medals than any other country in the Summer Games and also has the second-most gold and overall medals at the Winter Games , trailing only Norway . From the mid-20th century to the late 1980s , the United States mainly competed with the Soviet Union at Summer Games and with the Soviet Union , Norway , and East Germany at the Winter Games . However , after the dissolution of the Soviet Union , it now primarily contends with China at the Summer Games for both the overall medal count and the gold medal count and with Norway at the Winter Games for the overall medal count . The United States has topped the total medal count at two Winter Olympics : 1932 in Lake Placid and 2010 in Vancouver . At the 2010 games , the United States set a record for the most total medals ( 37 ) of any country at a single Winter Olympics .

neg: List of 1932 Summer Olympics medal winners The 1932 Summer Olympics , referred to by the International Olympic Committee as the Games of the X Olympiad , were held in Los Angeles , California , United States , from July 30 through August 14 , 1932 .   A total of individual athletes won medals . Athletes from the United States were the most successful , winning 103 medals during the games , 41 of which were gold . Italy and Finland , won the second and third most medals , with 36 and 25 respectively . France finished third in the medals table ( behind Italy and the United States ) having achieved 10 golds in their haul of 19 medals .   Medals were awarded in a total of 116 events across 16 sports . In addition , American football and lacrosse were held as demonstration events and therefore did not award medals to athletes .   __ NOTOC __