query: Silicon Valley is a county.

pos: Santa Clara Valley The Santa Clara Valley runs south-southeast from the southern end of San Francisco Bay in Northern California in the United States . The northern , urbanized end of the valley is part of a region locally known as the `` South Bay '' and also part of the electronics , research , and manufacturing area known as Silicon Valley . Most of the Santa Clara Valley is in Santa Clara County , including its county seat , San Jose . The valley , named after the Spanish Mission Santa Clara , was for a time known as the Valley of Heart 's Delight for its high concentration of orchards , flowering trees , and plants . Until the 1960s it was the largest fruit production and packing region in the world with 39 canneries .

pos: California California ( -LSB- kælᵻˈfɔːrnjə , _ - ni.ə -RSB- , ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area . Located on the western ( Pacific Ocean ) coast of the U.S. , California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon , Nevada , and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California . The state capital is Sacramento . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second largest after New York City . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second - and fifth-most populous urban regions , respectively . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County .   California 's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east ; and from the redwood -- Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast . The Central Valley , a major agricultural area , dominates the state 's center . Though California is well-known for its warm Mediterranean climate , the large size of the state means it can vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north , to arid desert in the interior , as well as snowy alpine in the mountains .   What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries . The Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony . The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence , but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican -- American War . The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California , and admitted as the 31st state on September 9 , 1850 . The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes , with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom .   If it were a country , California would be the 6th largest economy in the world and the 35th most populous . It is also regarded as a global trendsetter in both popular culture and politics , and is the origin of the film industry , the hippie counterculture , the Internet , and the personal computer , among others . Fifty-eight percent of the state 's economy is centered on finance , government , real estate services , technology , and professional , scientific and technical business services . The San Francisco Bay Area has the nation 's highest median household income by metropolitan area , and is the headquarters of three of the world 's largest 40 firms by revenue , Chevron , Apple , and McKesson . Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the state 's economy , California 's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state .

pos: Silicon Valley Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area , in the northern part of the U.S. state of California . The `` valley '' in its name refers to the Santa Clara Valley in Santa Clara County , which includes the city of San Jose and surrounding cities and towns , where the region has been traditionally centered . The region has expanded to include the southern half of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Mateo County , and southern portions of the East Bay in Alameda County .   The word `` silicon '' originally referred to the large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers in the region , but the area is now the home to many of the world 's largest high-tech corporations , including the headquarters of 39 businesses in the Fortune 1000 , and thousands of startup companies . Silicon Valley also accounts for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in the United States , which has helped it to become a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and scientific development . It was in the Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit , the microprocessor , and the microcomputer , among other key technologies , were developed . As of 2013 , the region employed about a quarter of a million information technology workers .   As more high-tech companies were established across the Santa Clara Valley , and then north towards the Bay Area 's two other major cities , San Francisco and Oakland , the `` Silicon Valley '' name eventually came to refer to all high-tech businesses in the region . The term is now generally used as a synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector . The name also became a global synonym for leading high-tech research and enterprises , and thus inspired similar named locations , as well as research parks and technology centers with a comparable structure all around the world .

neg: Modesto, California Modesto -LSB- məˈdɛstoʊ -RSB- ( Spanish for `` modest '' ) , officially the City of Modesto , is the county seat and largest city of Stanislaus County , California , United States . With a population of approximately 201,165 at the 2010 census , it is the 18th largest city in the state of California and forms part of the Modesto-Merced combined Statistical Area . The Modesto Census County Division , which includes the cities of Ceres and Riverbank , had a population of 312,842 .   Modesto is located in the Central Valley , 90 mi north of Fresno , 40 mi north of Merced , California , 92 mi east of San Francisco , 68 mi south of the state capital of Sacramento , 66 mi west of Yosemite National Park , and 24 mi south of Stockton . Modesto has been honored as a Tree City USA numerous times . It is surrounded by rich farmland ; Stanislaus County ranks sixth among California counties in farm production . Led by milk , almonds , chickens , walnuts , and corn silage , the county grossed nearly $ 3.1 billion in agricultural production in 2011 . The farm-to-table movement plays a central role in Modesto living as in the Central Valley .   Filmmaker George Lucas , who was born in Modesto , graduated from Thomas Downey High School in 1962 and attended Modesto Junior College , immortalized the city in his award-winning 1973 film American Graffiti . Although it was not actually shot in Modesto , the film portrayed the spirit of cruising and friendship on Modesto 's 10th and 11th Streets in 1962 , and inspired a revival of interest in 1950s pop culture , including the TV show Happy Days and its spin-offs .   The city 's annual Architectural Festival honors Modesto 's history as a testing ground for mid-century modern architecture during the 1940s and '50s . Modesto 's mid-century buildings have been featured four times in Museum of Modern Art publications .   The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index for 2011 , which interviews 1,000 participants about their jobs , finances , physical health , emotional state of mind and communities , ranked Modesto 126 out of the 190 cities surveyed . In December 2009 , Forbes ranked Modesto 48th out of 100 among `` Best Bang-for-the-Buck Cities '' . In this ranking , Modesto ranked 8th in housing affordability and travel time but also ranked 86th in job forecast growth and 99th in foreclosures .   Modesto is the home of Gallo Family Winery , the largest privately owned winery in the world .

neg: Skamania County, Washington Skamania County -LSB- skəˈmeɪniə -RSB- is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington . As of the 2010 census , the population was 11,066 . The county seat and largest incorporated city is Stevenson , although the Carson River Valley CDP is more populous . The county was founded in 1854 and derives its name from the Cascades Chinook word sk 'm ániak , meaning `` swift waters '' .   Skamania County is included in the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro , OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area .

neg: Napa County wine Napa County wine is wine made in Napa County , California , United States . County names in the United States automatically qualify as legal appellations of origin for wine produced from grapes grown in that county and do not require registration with the United States Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau .  The vast majority of Napa County is covered by the boundaries of the world-famous Napa Valley AVA , an American Viticultural Area , and its various sub-appellations . The portion of the county that falls outside of the boundaries of the Napa Valley AVA is northeast of the Chiles Valley AVA , where few grapes are cultivated .   Few wines are produced that carry a Napa County appellation of origin designation , as almost every wine produced from grapes grown in the county is eligible for release with the more commercially profitable Napa Valley AVA designation . The most common use of Napa County on a wine label is when a wine has been produced from grapes grown in two or more counties , such as Sonoma County and Napa County . In such a case , the wine label must indicate what percentage of grapes were sourced from each county .

neg: Knights Valley AVA Knights Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area ( AVA ) in Sonoma County , California . One of Sonoma County 's original five AVAs , Knights Valley AVA was formally designated an American Viticultural Area on October 21 , 1983 . Knights Valley AVA includes approximately 37000 acre . Over 30 growers maintain the 2000 acre planted to wine grape vineyards . The easternmost designated Sonoma County wine region , Knights Valley AVA has the warmest climate in the county . The valley lies between the Alexander Valley AVA and Chalk Hill AVA wine regions to the west and the Mayacamas Mountains to the east . Geographically , the appellation separates the rest of Sonoma County from the Napa Valley AVA .

neg: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works The Los Angeles County Department of Public Works ( LACDPW ) is responsible for the construction and operation of Los Angeles County 's roads , building safety , sewerage , and flood control . DPW also operates traffic signals and intelligent transportation systems , drinking water systems in certain communities , operates five airports , paratransit and fixed route public transport , administers various environment programs , issues various permits for activities in the public roadway , and has a Department Emergency Operations Center that works in conjunction with the County Emergency Operations Center operated by the Sheriff 's Department . The department is headquartered at 900 South Fremont Avenue in Alhambra , California .   Services are provided primarily to the unincorporated county with some services provided to contract cities . Flood control and watershed management services are provided to all of the county except the Antelope Valley . The Department of Public Works is the largest municipal public works agency in the country , employs over 3,500 people , and has a budget in excess of one billion dollars .   As part of its flood control and water supply responsibilities , the Department of Public Works has 15 major dams and 27 spreading grounds in the county . Pacoima Dam is one of the largest owned by Public Works and survived the Northridge earthquake in 1994 intact .   Water from the dams is released into flood-control channels and some is diverted into spreading basins where it percolates into the ground and recharges the groundwater . The surface water is not used directly as it requires more cleaning than groundwater . Near the coast , the department has constructed sea water barriers that use injection wells to create a fresh water barrier to prevent salt water intrusion from the ocean into the groundwater .   The DPW is a leader in watershed management . It provides storm drain education programs , publishes and enforces best management practices for activities that may affect the watershed , and manages watersheds to provide a balance between flood control , recreation , and protecting the natural environment .

neg: San Mateo County, California San Mateo County ( -LSB- ˌsæn_məˈteɪ . oʊ -RSB- ; Spanish for `` Saint Matthew '' ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 718,451 . The county seat is Redwood City .   San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area , the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay . It covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula . San Francisco International Airport is located at the northern end of the county , and Silicon Valley begins at the southern end . The county 's built-up areas are mostly suburban with some areas being very urban , and are home to several corporate campuses .

neg: Modoc County, California Modoc County is a county in the far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 9,686 . making it the third-least populous county in California . The county seat and only incorporated city is Alturas . Previous county seats include Lake City and Centerville ; the latter is now a ghost town . The county borders Nevada and Oregon .   A large portion of Modoc County is federal land . Several federal agencies , including the United States Forest Service , Bureau of Land Management , National Park Service , Bureau of Indian Affairs , and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service , have employees assigned to the area , and their operations are a significant part of the area 's economy and services .   The county 's official slogans include `` The last best place '' and `` Where the West still lives '' .

neg: Solano County, California Solano County is a county located in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 413,344 . The county seat is Fairfield .   Solano County comprises the Vallejo-Fairfield , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area . Solano County is the northeastern county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region .   A portion of the South Campus at the University of California , Davis is in Solano County .

neg: Alameda County, California Alameda County ( -LSB- ˌælə ` mi :d ə -RSB- ) is a county in the state of California in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,510,271 , making it the 7th-most populous county in the state . Its county seat is Oakland . Alameda County is included in the San Francisco Bay Area , occupying much of the East Bay region .

neg: Woodlake, California Woodlake is a city in the San Joaquin Valley in Tulare County , California , United States . The population was 7,279 at the 2010 census , up from 6,651 at the 2000 census .

neg: Latah County, Idaho Latah County ( pron . -LSB- ` laytɑː -RSB- ) is a county located in the north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho . As of the 2010 census , the population was 37,244 . The county seat and largest city is Moscow , the home of the University of Idaho , the state 's flagship and land-grant university .   The county was created in 1888 and named for Latah Creek in its northwest corner . The name in the Nez Perce language means `` the place of pine trees and pestle . '' The tribe found shade under the white pine trees for doing their work and stones suitable for use in pulverizing camas roots to process as one of their food staples .   Latah County comprises the Moscow , ID Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is included in the Pullman-Moscow , WA-ID Combined Statistical Area .   The county comprises the majority of the eastern portion of the Palouse , famous for its rolling hills and rich agriculture . Latah County is the only county in the U.S. established by an act of Congress ; it was originally part of Nez Perce County , which was reluctant to lose its most populated area .

neg: Pomona, California Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley , between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city 's population was 149,058 .

neg: Brazilian Silicon Valley Brazilian Silicon Valley is a term commonly applied to the region of Campinas and in southern region this term is applied for Florianópolis city , Brazil because of its similarity to the ` original ' Silicon Valley , located in California in the USA .

neg: Clarksburg AVA The Clarksburg AVA is an American Viticultural Area that spans three counties in California 's Sacramento Valley . Located in portions of Sacramento County , Solano County , and Yolo County , the Clarksburg AVA includes 64640 acre near the town of Clarksburg . The growing region has dense clay and loam soils . Fog and cool breezes from San Francisco Bay keep the Clarksburg area cooler than nearby Sacramento . 90 % of the grapes grown in the Clarksburg AVA are crushed in winery facilities located elsewhere in California , and relatively few wines are released with the Clarksburg AVA on their labels .

neg: Monterey County Board of Supervisors The Monterey County Board of Supervisors is the central governing body for Monterey County , California . The Board is made up of five elected officials , each of whom represent a distinct geographical district within the County .

neg: Metro Silicon Valley Metro is a free weekly newspaper published by the San Jose , California , based Metro Newspapers . Also known as Metro Silicon Valley , the paper serves the greater Silicon Valley area . In addition to print form , Metro can be downloaded , in PDF format , for free from the publisher 's website . Metro also keeps tabs on local politics and the `` chattering '' class of San Jose through its weekly column , The Fly .   The newspaper has been published since 1985 and is one of the remaining owner-operated publications in the alternative press . Its principal distribution area encompasses the cities of San Jose , Los Gatos , Campbell , Saratoga , Santa Clara , Sunnyvale , Cupertino , Milpitas , Mountain View , Los Altos and Palo Alto .

neg: California Valley (Inyo County) California Valley is a valley in Inyo County , California . It has an elevation of 2582 feet . It lies between the Nopah Range ( to the west and north ) and the Kingston Range ( to the east and south ) .

neg: Clear Lake AVA The Clear Lake AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Lake County , California .  Half of the area contained within the boundaries of the AVA is Clear Lake , the largest body of freshwater in the state of California , and the namesake for the county . The moderating influence of the lake on the surrounding area results in a climate with less diurnal variation in temperature than surrounding areas . Clear Lake AVA is one of the coolest climates in California , which has led to success with grape varietals like Sauvignon blanc .

neg: California statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) .   Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including 4 combined statistical area , 26 metropolitan statistical areas , and 9 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of California . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 58 counties of California .

neg: List of TheatreWorks (Silicon Valley) New Works TheatreWorks ( Silicon Valley ) is a non-profit , professional theater company based in Menlo Park , California . Since 2000 , TheatreWorks has been dedicated to the development of scores of new plays and musicals , earning national recognition and acclaim for the company and their new works program .


query: Solange Knowles has collaborated with three members of Destiny's Child.

pos: Solange Knowles Solange Piaget Knowles ( -LSB- soʊˈlɑːnʒ -RSB- born June 24 , 1986 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , model and actress . Expressing an interest in music from an early age , Knowles had several temporary stints in Destiny 's Child , before signing with her father Mathew Knowles 's Music World Entertainment label . At age 16 , Knowles released her first studio album Solo Star ( 2002 ) . Between 2005 and 2007 , Knowles had several minor acting roles , including the direct-to-video Bring It On : All or Nothing ( 2006 ) and continued writing music for her older sister Beyoncé Knowles-Carter and for ex-Destiny 's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams .   In 2007 , Knowles began to record music again . Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams ( 2008 ) deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to the Motown Sound of the 1960s and 1970s . It peaked at number nine on US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics . She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B -- inspired extended play True ( 2012 ) on Columbia Records and her imprint Saint Records . Her third studio album , A Seat at the Table ( 2016 ) became her first number-one album in the United States . The album 's first single , `` Cranes in the Sky '' won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time .   Knowles is heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting . She is frequently compared by the media to her sister , Beyoncé , but Solange insists they have different aspirations and are musically different . Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children . On November 16 , 2014 , Knowles married music video director Alan Ferguson in New Orleans , Louisiana .

neg: List of songs recorded by Niykee Heaton Niykee Heaton is an American singer-songwriter . She has written and recorded material since her childhood , having started sharing original songs occasionally on YouTube in 2011 , for which she accompanied herself on acoustic guitar , along with covers of contemporary hits , where they subsequently went viral in following years , helping to propel the singer to prominence . Heaton released her debut project , an extended play titled Bad Intentions , in September 2014 , after signing a record deal with Steve Rifkind and Russell Simmons 's Capitol-affiliate All Def Digital , in partnership with Awesomeness Music . The EP garnered positive online reception , with The Huffington Post writing that it `` offers a significant variety for a debut , all held together by her vocals , most ravishing in her lower register '' and Idolator adding that it `` confidently showcases the versatility and scope of Niykee 's songwriting . ''   In 2015 , she called out her label in an extensive open letter to her fans , later clarifying that `` we are now in a place where we can create music that I want to create , and we are no longer tied to the people that were holding me back , '' also announcing plans to release her first album . In June , she launched a website , NBK ( Naturyl Born Killers ) , stating `` NBK is the movement , '' where new music was then premiered for free regularly over the following months through her SoundCloud account . On March 18 , 2016 , Heaton released The Bedroom Tour Playlist , through Capitol Records , a mixtape compiling remixed and remastered material she had shared online and debuted on live shows from her first headlining concert tour , The Bedroom Tour , in previous months .

neg: Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone .   Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .

neg: Sugar Symphony Sugar Symphony is the debut extended play ( EP ) by American recording duo Chloe x Halle . It was released under Parkwood Entertainment , under exclusive license to Columbia Records , on April 29 , 2016 . The EP was their first official release since being signed by Beyoncé . The EP features their debut single , `` Drop '' . The music video for the single was directed by Andrew Hines , and currently has over two million views on YouTube .   In March 2016 , Michelle Obama introduced Chloe and Halle at the White House Easter Egg Roll , where they performed `` Fall '' from the EP , alongside Michelle Obama 's `` This Is For My Girls '' and an unreleased track , `` Baby Bird '' . In June , they performed `` Drop '' at the YouTube Music Foundry in New York City , and later in the month at the BET Awards 2016 in Los Angeles . In July , they performed songs from the EP as a support act for the European leg of Beyoncé 's The Formation World Tour .

neg: Ashanti (singer) Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas ( born October 13 , 1980 ) , known simply as Ashanti , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer and actress . Ashanti is known for her eponymous debut album , which featured the hit song `` Foolish '' , and sold over 505,000 copies in its first week of release throughout the U.S. in April 2002 . In 2003 , the self-titled debut album won Ashanti her first Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B album . Her second release achieved a platinum certification and other top 10 singles .   Ashanti wrote and sang background on Jennifer Lopez 's `` Ai n't It Funny ( Murder Remix ) '' , which reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 , which was also in the top 10 chart at the same time as `` Foolish '' , `` Always on Time '' ( with Ja Rule ) , and `` What 's Luv ? '' ( with Fat Joe ) . Later that year , she was acclaimed as the `` Princess Of Hip-Hop & R&B '' by her label and capped off her successful debut by winning eight Billboard awards and two American Music Awards .   Ashanti cites Whitney Houston , Janet Jackson , Prince , Madonna , Tupac Shakur , Mary J. Blige , Ella Fitzgerald , Smokey Robinson , Donna Summer , and Blue Magic as her musical influences . Since 2013 , she is currently working on her own publishing company titled Written Entertainment .

neg: Feelin' You Feelin ' You may refer to :   `` Feelin ' You '' ( Solange Knowles song )  `` Feelin ' You '' ( Bright song )  `` Feelin ' You '' , non-album single by 3LW

neg: Sonika Sonika Keturah Jermina Mckie ( born October 21 , 1988 ) , known mononymously as Sonika , is a Grenadian singer-songwriter and recording artist , based in the Eastern Caribbean island of Grenada .   Born in St. George 's , Grenada , her professional career began when she was approached , by the Manager of Metronome Records , Nima Anvar , who had seen her performance on May 29 , 2010 at the Grenada Best Talent Competition Final ( an initiative of Wayne `` Waggy T '' Redhead and other local sponsors ) . Shortly after this , Anvar offered Sonika an opportunity to be managed by him and to develop her career . During 2011 , Sonika accepted the offer .   Under Anvar 's management , Sonika was introduced to an organized method for approaching her development as a serious artist . In the process , Anvar pulled in a team of persons to develop Sonika into an international artist .   Team members at the inception included local talk show host of Chit Chat and media personality , Lexan Fletcher -LSB- originally a co-partner at Metronome Records -RSB- , who assisted as an image consultant ; Annette Moore , who advised on social media strategies and development ; Hervin Hood , a Full Sail University Music & Entertainment Business alum , Anvar 's then co-partner at Metronome Records who dealt with studio recording , assisted by Joshua `` J-Beatz '' Benjamin , a young sound engineer prodigy ; Xpert Productions/Studio , which comprises John James and his brother Jason ` Xpert ' James from the neighboring island of Carriacou ; Sean `` Fame '' Nelson , a UK-based , Grenadian Music Producer ; Samuel Ogilvie , who did the storyboarding for Sonika 's music videos and who also assisted with the filming of videos and the video recording of several of her covers ; Darryl Friday , a film school graduate , who filmed and edited Sonika 's Gone Away music video , as well as other consultants , who assisted with image development and brand marketing .   In 2013 , due to pressing responsibilities Anvar handed management over to artist development associate , Annette Moore , who , together with consultant , Mike Adams , continued Sonika 's development .   Corporate sponsors , including Smiths Grenada -LSB- Monica Smith -RSB- ; Chalene 's Beauty Salon & School of Cosmetology ; Jus Fashion Grenada ; Lima Es Photography -LSB- Salima Esmail -RSB- ; Solana J. Boutique ; Silhouette by Neisha LaTouche ; Make-up Artist , Divya Armanani-Noel and others , all played a role in the image building and professional development of Sonika 's career .   To date , Sonika has released five singles between April 2012 and September 2013 ; she has sung to audiences both locally and internationally ; released a music video for her first single , `` Gone Away '' , which went to # 1 on Tempo Networks ; is the first Grenadian artist to have a VEVO channel and recently filmed and is about to release a music video for `` Please Do n't Let It Go '' ( her second single ) .   Sonika is currently working on writing and recording more original singles and clearly defining her sound , style and image .

neg: Mama's Gun Mama 's Gun is the second studio album by American neo soul singer Erykah Badu . It was recorded between 1999 and 2000 at Electric Lady Studios in New York and released on November 21 , 2000 , by Motown Records . A neo soul album , Mama 's Gun incorporates funk , soul , and jazz styles . It has confessional lyrics by Badu , which cover themes of insecurity , social issues and personal relationships . The album has been viewed by critics as a female companion to neo soul artist D'Angelo 's second album Voodoo ( 2000 ) , which features a similar musical style and direction . Critics have also noted that while Baduizm contained its share of cryptic lyricism , Mama 's Gun is much more direct in its approach , and places the artist in a subjective position more than its predecessor .   The album contains the single `` Bag Lady '' , Badu 's first top 10 Billboard hit , which was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and for Best R&B Song . The song `` Did n't Cha Know ? '' was also nominated for Best R&B Song . The album features substantial contributions from several members of the Soulquarians outfit , of which Badu was a member . It also features guests such as soul singer Betty Wright and trumpeter Roy Hargrove . Mama 's Gun was met with great critical success and sold strongly , reaching Platinum two months after its release . Thematically the album explores topics regarding self-esteem , relationship breakdowns , and police brutality , and features a more eclectic sound than its predecessor . Rolling Stone magazine named it one of the Top 10 Albums of 2000 .

neg: Young Divas Young Divas was an Australian pop girl group , which formed in 2006 by Sony BMG Australia initially for a one-off single and national tour to promote all members as solo artists . The original line up consisted of former Australian Idol contestants , including season one finalist Paulini , season two contestant Ricki-Lee Coulter , season three winner Kate DeAraugo and runner-up Emily Williams .   Young Divas released a cover of `` This Time I Know It 's for Real '' to attract attention for the tour . The song peaked at number two on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) . A cover of `` Happenin ' All Over Again '' was later released as their second single , which peaked at number nine and was certified gold . Due to their commercial success , Sony BMG decided that the Young Divas would record a full-length album of classic disco and pop covers titled , Young Divas , in November 2006 . The album debuted at number four on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum .   In June 2007 , Coulter parted ways with the group to resume her solo music career and was replaced by season four runner-up Jessica Mauboy . Young Divas released their second album New Attitude in November 2007 , which debuted at number 10 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold . The album 's lead single `` Turn Me Loose '' ( featuring rapper Savage ) reached number 15 on the ARIA Singles Chart . In 2008 , Young Divas officially disbanded with all members resuming their solo music careers .

neg: Sonique (musician) Sonia Marina Clarke ( born 21 June 1968 ) , better known by her stage name Sonique , is a British singer , musician and DJ . She was the lead vocalist on two S'Express singles , and the majority of the tracks on the group 's second album , Intercourse . She won the 2001 BRIT Award for British female solo artist . She was treated for breast cancer and given the all clear in 2010 .

neg: Stargate (music producers) Stargate is a Norwegian record producing and songwriting team , composed of Tor Erik Hermansen ( born 14 October 1972 ) and Mikkel Storleer Eriksen ( born 10 December 1972 ) , based in New York City . The team 's genres include R&B , pop , dance-pop , Europop and hip hop . Stargate was established in Trondheim , Norway .   Stargate broke into the American recording industry in 2006 , with the release of the Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 single , `` So Sick '' , produced and co-written by the team and performed by Ne-Yo . They also produced and co-wrote Beyoncé 's worldwide hit single `` Irreplaceable '' , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 for 10 consecutive weeks . Throughout their career they have been noted for their extensive work with Rihanna , writing and producing four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 singles with the Barbadian singer in 2010 and 2011 .

neg: Alexandra Burke discography The discography of British R&B and pop recording artist Alexandra Burke , which consists of one studio album , seven singles as a main artist , two as a featured artist and nine music videos . All songs which have been released under the recording label of Sony BMG and Syco Music .   Alexandra made her debut in 2008 when she auditioned for British reality talent show , The X Factor during the fifth series , and ultimately won the show on 12 December 2008 . During the series she dueted with Beyoncé Knowles on Knowles ' `` Listen '' . After winning the show , she instantly had a record deal with Sony BMG and Syco Music and released debut single , `` Hallelujah '' . `` Hallelujah '' peaked at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart . The song became the current European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours , selling 105,000 copies in one day . It was also the top-selling song of the year in the UK , and became the 2008 UK Christmas number one single . By January 2009 , UK sales of Burke 's version had passed one million copies , a first for a British female soloist . The music video for the song was directed by Max and Dania who directed the charity single Burke released with fellow X Factor Finalists 2008 , `` Hero '' which also charted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart .   Burke returned in late 2009 with follow up single , `` Bad Boys '' which featured vocals from American rapper , Flo Rida . She performed the song on the first live show of the sixth series of The X Factor . The R&B single debuted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart as well as Burke gaining international success with the single . `` Bad Boys '' went on to gain a Platinum certification and Burke was nominated for a BRIT Award , it was the second time Burke was nominated for the Best British Single , first time with `` Hallelujah '' . In the UK , `` Bad Boys '' is the 18th Biggest Download of all time .   She released her debut album Overcome in October 2009 . It was described as `` edgy '' and `` beaty '' . The album was said to resemble artists such as Rihanna or Lady Gaga . Upon the release of the album , the album went straight to number one on the UK Albums Chart selling 132,065 in its first week . Its first-week numbers were the fourth largest first-week sales by a female artist in 2009 behind releases by Susan Boyle , Lily Allen and Leona Lewis and was the twenty-second best-selling album of 2009 , and the forty-third best-selling album of 2010 . The album spent 60 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by The British Recorded Music Industry for shipments over 600,000 copies . `` Broken Heels '' was released as the album third single and `` All Night Long '' featuring Pitbull as the fourth . `` All Night Long '' received a platinum certification and Burke was nominated for another BRIT Award in 2010 . `` Start Without You '' was released in mid-2010 and the song went on to top the UK Singles Chart , `` The Silence '' was released as the final single from the album .   Work began in 2011 on a second studio album , titled Heartbreak on Hold - was released on the 4 June 2012 . The lead single , `` Elephant '' - featuring Erick Morillo - was released on 11 March 2012 through RCA Records , where it debuted at number three in the United Kingdom ; marking Burke 's sixth top ten single as a solo artist . A second single , `` Let It Go '' was released and underperformed peaking at 33 . The album then debuted and peaked at 18

neg: Knowles (singer) Knowles ( born Jeanne Ingabire Buteru '' ' on 1 October 1990 ) is a Rwandan singer . Her stage name is taken from American R&B vocalist Beyoncé Knowles . Butera writes many of her own songs and is known as a strong entertainer , famous for her dancing and beauty . Her songs touch on such themes as romantic relationships , societal issues and daily life .

neg: Daddy's Groove Daddy 's Groove are an Italian house music group formed of Carlo Grieco and Peppe Folliero . Based in Naples , Italy , they have remixed for artists including Axwell , B.o.B , Enrique Iglesias , James Blunt , Kylie Minogue , Laidback Luke , Louie Vega , Nabiha , Quentin Harris , Sandy Rivera , Sebastian Ingrosso , Steve Angello , The Shapeshifters , The Wanted and Whitney Houston .

neg: House of Deréon House of Deréon was a ready-to-wear fashion line introduced by singer and actress Beyoncé and her mother/stylist Tina Knowles . The style and concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family , with the name `` Deréon '' paying tribute to Beyoncé 's maternal grandmother , Agnèz Deréon ( Mother of Tina Knowles ) . As of 2012 the junior line Deréon has been discontinued .

neg: This Is the Remix (Destiny's Child album) This Is the Remix is a remix album by American R&B group Destiny 's Child . Released in the United States on March 12 , 2002 by Columbia Records , the album contains a blend of R&B and dance remixes from the band 's previously released three albums Destiny 's Child ( 1998 ) , The Writing 's on the Wall ( 1999 ) and Survivor ( 2001 ) as well as solo material . The album 's name is a self-explanatory message taken from the first track `` No , No , No Part 2 '' .   Upon its release , the album reached number 19 on the US Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart and entered the top thirty of the Billboard 200 , while reaching the top ten of the New Zealand Albums Chart . Critical reception was generally positive with Allmusic remarking that `` these versions are n't only different ; usually , they 're better than the originals . ''

neg: Kandi Burruss discography The discography of Kandi Burruss consists of two studio albums , five singles , and four music videos .   Burruss was first part of the 1990s girl group Xscape and debuted as a solo recording artist in 2000 with her debut album , Hey Kandi . The album peaked at # 72 on the Billboard 200 and sold more than 260,000 copies in the United States . Her second album , Kandi Koated was released in 2010 . Kandi also released the Fly Above EP on October 29 , 2009 . Burruss is also a songwriter , having written for the likes of Mariah Carey , Destiny 's Child , Alicia Keys and Pink . She has also won a Grammy Award for her writing contribution to the hit single `` No Scrubs '' by American girl group TLC . That same year , she was nominated in the same category for her writing contribution to the hit single `` Bills , Bills , Bills '' performed by Destiny 's Child .

neg: Prodigy discography The discography of Prodigy , an American hip hop recording artist & One-half of the hip-hop duo Mobb Deep , consists of 4 studio albums , 3 collaborative albums , 1 EP , 5 mixtapes and 17 singles .

neg: Rahki Columbus Smith III , better known by his stage name Rahki ( sometimes Rahk or Rahki Beats ) , is an American record producer and songwriter from Los Angeles , California . He is known for his work with mentor DJ Khalil and acts such as Eminem , Kendrick Lamar , Currensy , Evidence , Schoolboy Q , 50 Cent , Domo Genesis , Lecrae , Aloe Blacc , and more .

neg: Rico Love Richard `` Rico '' Preston Butler , Jr. ( born December 3 , 1982 ) , better known by his stage name Rico Love , is an American songwriter , record producer and singer . He was born in New Orleans , Louisiana , but split his childhood between Milwaukee , Wisconsin and New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . He attended Florida A&M and , while visiting Atlanta , Georgia , worked his way into the music industry through connections with Usher , who would become Love 's mentor . The first song Love ever wrote in his career was `` Throwback '' for which ended up on Usher 's 2004 album `` Confessions . '' Love success continued writing and producing hit records such as Usher 's `` There Goes My Baby '' and `` Hey Daddy ( Daddy 's Home ) '' , Nelly 's `` Just a Dream '' and `` Gone '' , as well as Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Sweet Dreams '' . and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé 's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am ... Sasha Fierce , Usher 's 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v. Raymond , and Usher 's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance `` There Goes My Baby '' . In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland , Diddy -- Dirty Money , Chris Brown , Alexandra Burke , Keri Hilson , Fergie , and Fantasia .   Love is also the CEO of Division1 , a record label which partnered with Interscope Records in 2013 . Love has appeared as a featured artist on records with T.I. , Usher , Jermaine Dupri , Jamie Foxx , Rich Boy , and Fat Joe .

neg: Beautiful Liar `` Beautiful Liar '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé and Colombian singer Shakira . It was written by Beyoncé , Amanda Ghost , Ian Dench , and Stargate members Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen , and produced by Stargate and Beyoncé for the re-release of Beyoncé 's second solo album , B'Day ( 2006 ) . The mixing of the song was done by Gustavo Celis . `` Beautiful Liar '' was released on March 14 , 2007 , by Columbia Records as the first single from the deluxe edition of the album . A Spanish and English mixed version of the song was produced and titled `` Bello Embustero '' .   `` Beautiful Liar '' is a mid-tempo song ; musically , it is a melding of Shakira 's Latin and Middle Eastern styles with Beyoncé 's contemporary hip hop and R&B styles . Its theme is female empowerment ; two female protagonists sing about being charmed by the same man , but instead of fighting over him , both ladies agree that he is not worth their time . The song was well received by music critics , who praised generally Beyoncé 's and Shakira 's collaboration . `` Beautiful Liar '' was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Grammy Awards and the Spanish version was nominated for Record of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 . It won an Ivor Novello Awards for Best-Selling British Song in 2008 .   `` Beautiful Liar '' was commercially successful . It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and experienced the largest upward movement on that chart until 2008 . The song peaked at number one in many European countries , including France , Germany , Hungary , Ireland , Italy , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . Its accompanying music video was directed by Jake Nava , incorporates belly dancing moves . `` Beautiful Liar '' won the Most Earthshattering Collaboration award at the 2007 MTV Video Music Award . The song was included on Beyoncé 's set list during her 2007 The Beyoncé Experience world tour .


query: Los Angeles is incorporated as a municipality.

pos: Los Angeles Los Angeles ( -LSB- lɒs_ˈændʒəlᵻs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Angels '' ; -LSB- los ˈaŋxeles -RSB- ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . With a census-estimated 2017 population of 4,042,000 , it is the second-most populous city in the United States ( after New York City ) and the most populous city in the state of California . Located in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over 10000 ft , Los Angeles covers an area of about 469 sqmi . The city is also the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populated county in the country . Los Angeles is the center of the Los Angeles metropolitan area , and is part of the larger designated Los Angeles-Long Beach combined statistical area ( CSA ) , the second most populous in the nation with a 2015 estimated population of 18.7 million .   Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican -- American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , thereby becoming part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood . The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city . The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913 , delivering water from Eastern California , later assured the city 's continued rapid growth .   Nicknamed the `` City of Angels '' , Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , and sprawling metropolis . The city is also one of the most substantial economic engines within the nation , with a diverse economy in a broad range of professional and cultural fields . Los Angeles is also famous as the home of Hollywood , a major center of the world entertainment industry . A global city , it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index and 9th in the Global Economic Power Index . The Los Angeles combined statistical area ( CSA ) also has a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of $ 831 billion , making it the third-largest in the world , after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas .

neg: History of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department The Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department was formed in 1850 and was the first professional police force in the Los Angeles area . The department has become the seventh largest law enforcement agency in the United States . Since 1996 , it has also been the largest sheriff 's department in the world .

neg: Place (United States Census Bureau) The United States Census Bureau defines a place as a concentration of population which has a name , is locally recognized , and is not part of any other place . A place typically has a residential nucleus and a closely spaced street pattern , and it frequently includes commercial property and other urban land uses . A place may be an incorporated place ( a self-governing city , town , or village ) or it may be a census-designated place ( CDP ) . Incorporated places are defined by the laws of the states in which they are contained . The Census Bureau delineates CDPs . A small settlement in the open countryside or the densely settled fringe of a large city may not be a place as defined by the Census Bureau . As of the 1990 Census , only 26 % of the people in the United States lived outside of places .

neg: Los Angeles High School Los Angeles High School is the oldest public high school in the Southern California Region and in the Los Angeles Unified School District . Its colors are royal blue and white and the teams are called the Romans .   Los Angeles High School is a public secondary high school , enrolling an estimated 2,000 students in grades 9-12 . After operating on a year-round basis consisting of three tracks for ten years , it was restored to a traditional calendar in 2010 . Los Angeles High School receives accreditation approval from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ( WASC ) . Concurrent enrollment programs , provided in large by the Los Angeles Unified School District and the Los Angeles Community College District , are offered with West Los Angeles College , Los Angeles Trade Technical College , Los Angeles City College , or Santa Monica College .   Los Angeles High School is a large , urban , inner-city school located in the Mid-Wilshire District of Los Angeles . The attendance boundary consists of a contrasting spectrum of economic diversity ranging from affluent Hancock Park and Lafayette Square to the low-income , densely populated immigrant community of Koreatown . Within the school is a College Incentive Magnet Program . Forty-four percent of the student population is identified as LEP , or Limited English Proficient . Currently , 66 % of the students are identified as eligible to receive supplemental instructional services and materials through the Federal Title I Program .   The magnet high school has a university preparatory secondary high school program and a `` school within a school . '' First established as a part of student integration services in the 1970s , the Los Angeles High School Math/Science/Technology magnet prepares students with an intensive , rigorous course load in order to better prepare them for university entrance . There are 317 students enrolled in the magnet program , grades 9-12 .   Typically , the senior class has approximately 35 % of seniors entering into four-year universities and schools . The magnet senior class typically has 85 % of its senior class entering into four-year colleges and universities .

neg: San Dimas, California San Dimas is a city in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County , California , United States . As of the 2010 census , the city had a total population of 33,371 . The city historically took its name from San Dismas Canyon in the San Gabriel Mountains above the northern section of present-day San Dimas . San Dimas is named in Spanish after Saint Dismas . Along with a few other towns , like Diamond Bar , it connects the San Fernando/Los Angeles/Mission Viejo conurbation with the San Bernardino/Riverside/Ontario conurbation .

neg: Commerce, California Commerce is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 12,823 at the 2010 census , up from 12,568 at the 2000 census . It is bordered by Vernon on the west , Los Angeles on the northwest , East Los Angeles on the north , Montebello on the east , Downey and Bell Gardens on the south , and Maywood on the southwest . The Los Angeles River forms part of its southwestern boundary , and the Rio Hondo separates it from Downey . Commerce is served by the Long Beach and Santa Ana freeways , as well as the Metrolink commuter rail service at the Commerce station . It is usually referred to as the `` City of Commerce '' to distinguish it from the common noun .

neg: List of churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles For list of Roman Catholic churches in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles , see :   Our Lady of the Angels , for central and West Los Angeles  San Fernando , covering the San Fernando , Santa Clarita and Antelope Valleys .  San Gabriel , for East Los Angeles the San Gabriel Valley and the Pomona Valley .  San Pedro , for Long Beach and southern Los Angeles County .  Santa Barbara , for Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties .   Category : Lists of churches in the United States by diocese

neg: Los Angeles Yacht Club Los Angeles Yacht Club is a yacht club located in San Pedro , Los Angeles ( United States ) . The club belongs to the Southern California Yachting Association .

neg: Pueblo de Los Ángeles See also History of Los Angeles   El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles ( the Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels ) was the Spanish civilian pueblo founded in 1781 , which by the 20th century became the American metropolis of Los Angeles .   Official settlements in Alta California were of three types : presidio ( military ) , mission ( religious ) and pueblo ( civil ) . The Pueblo de los Ángeles was the second pueblo ( town ) created during the Spanish colonization of California ( the first was San Jose , in 1777 ) . El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles -- ` The Town of the Queen of Angels ' was founded twelve years after the first presidio and mission , the Presidio of San Diego and the Mission San Diego de Alcalá ( 1769 ) . The original settlement consisted of forty-four people in eleven families , recruited mostly from Estado de Occidente . As new settlers arrived and soldiers retired to civilian life in Los Angeles , the town became the principal urban center of southern Alta California , whose social and economic life revolved around the raising of livestock on the expansive ranchos .

neg: Direct-controlled municipality A direct-controlled municipality is the highest level classification for cities used by unitary state , with status equal to that of the provinces in the respective countries . A direct-controlled municipality is similar to , but not the same as , a Federal district , a common designation in various countries for a municipality that is not part of any state , and which usually hosts some governmental functions . Usually direct-controlled municipality are under central governments control with limited power .   Each country has adopted this system with some different variations . Geographically and culturally , many of the municipalities are enclaves in the middle of provinces . Some occur in strategic positions in between provinces .

neg: Gramercy Park, Los Angeles The Gramercy Park neighborhood of Los Angeles is a 1.13-square-mile district in Los Angeles , California , within the South Los Angeles region . Its population of 11,000 + residents is older than the city 's average , and it has a large percentage of military veterans . The 2000 census found it was 86.4 % African American in its ethnic distribution .

neg: Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health The Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health ( DMH ) , the largest county mental health department in the United States , provides mental health services for Los Angeles County residents . DMH directly operates 75 program sites in the county and serves over 250,000 patients annually . DMH 's headquarters is located on Vermont Avenue in Koreatown , Los Angeles , California .

neg: Robertson Boulevard Robertson Boulevard is a street in Los Angeles , in the U.S. state of California , that also passes through the incorporated cities of West Hollywood , Beverly Hills , and Culver City .

neg: Los Angeles County Department of Public Works The Los Angeles County Department of Public Works ( LACDPW ) is responsible for the construction and operation of Los Angeles County 's roads , building safety , sewerage , and flood control . DPW also operates traffic signals and intelligent transportation systems , drinking water systems in certain communities , operates five airports , paratransit and fixed route public transport , administers various environment programs , issues various permits for activities in the public roadway , and has a Department Emergency Operations Center that works in conjunction with the County Emergency Operations Center operated by the Sheriff 's Department . The department is headquartered at 900 South Fremont Avenue in Alhambra , California .   Services are provided primarily to the unincorporated county with some services provided to contract cities . Flood control and watershed management services are provided to all of the county except the Antelope Valley . The Department of Public Works is the largest municipal public works agency in the country , employs over 3,500 people , and has a budget in excess of one billion dollars .   As part of its flood control and water supply responsibilities , the Department of Public Works has 15 major dams and 27 spreading grounds in the county . Pacoima Dam is one of the largest owned by Public Works and survived the Northridge earthquake in 1994 intact .   Water from the dams is released into flood-control channels and some is diverted into spreading basins where it percolates into the ground and recharges the groundwater . The surface water is not used directly as it requires more cleaning than groundwater . Near the coast , the department has constructed sea water barriers that use injection wells to create a fresh water barrier to prevent salt water intrusion from the ocean into the groundwater .   The DPW is a leader in watershed management . It provides storm drain education programs , publishes and enforces best management practices for activities that may affect the watershed , and manages watersheds to provide a balance between flood control , recreation , and protecting the natural environment .

neg: Largest cities in Southern California This is a list of the 100 largest cities in Southern California by population . Official definitions of cities are defined according to the concept of city proper . The list ranks the region 's urban municipal units ( or well-defined statistical groupings of sudech units ) according to the population . Note that the populations listed are for the city proper and not for the urban area nor the metropolitan area . Population figures for Southern California cities are based on the reports of the 2010 United States Census .

neg: Lennox, California Lennox is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 22,753 at the 2010 census , down from 22,950 at the 2000 census .

neg: League of California Cities The League of California Cities is an association of cities within the state of California , founded in 1898 . Most of the state 's 482 cities are represented in the league . The League publishes Western City , a monthly magazine , and holds an annual conference and exposition The League advocates for cities at the state capitol , including proper distribution of state taxes to the cities . The main office is in Sacramento .

neg: Pomona, California Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley , between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city 's population was 149,058 .

neg: Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles Mid-Wilshire is a densely populated residential neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles , California . Its commercial and public-use areas also make it the site of museums and research centers and of widely known shopping districts and restaurants . Mid-Wilshire is notable as the most diverse neighborhood or city in Los Angeles County , containing an almost even proportion of whites , Asians , Hispanics and blacks .   Mid-Wilshire is the home to three secondary schools , an adult school , and seven other schools . A city park is dedicated to the memory of World War I servicemen . There is a hospital and medical center in the neighborhood 's southwest corner .

neg: Lakewood, California Lakewood is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 80,048 at the 2010 census . It is bordered by Long Beach on the west and south , Bellflower on the north , Cerritos on the northeast , Cypress on the east , and Hawaiian Gardens on the southeast . Major thoroughfares include Lakewood ( SR 19 ) , Bellflower , and Del Amo Boulevards and Carson and South Streets . The San Gabriel River Freeway ( I-605 ) runs through the city 's eastern regions .   Sometimes called `` an instant city '' because of its origins , going from lima bean fields in 1950 to a well-developed city by 1960 , Lakewood is a classic example of a post -- World War II American suburb .

neg: Los Angeles City Council District 12 Los Angeles City Council District 12 is one of the 15 districts of the Los Angeles City Council . It encompasses the northwestern and western section of the San Fernando Valley , in the city of Los Angeles . Mitchell Englander is the current officeholder .


query: Tubelight is produced by a man.

pos: Tubelight (film) Tubelight is an upcoming Indian historical war drama film written , and directed by Kabir Khan . The film is produced by Salman Khan and Kabir Khan . Set in the 1962 Sino-Indian War , it stars Salman Khan in the lead role who plays a man from India . It is confirmed from the director that Shah Rukh Khan will play a cameo on the film . Julius Packiam and Pritam will compose the music of the film , with the former composing the film score and latter composing the songs . The film is scheduled for release on 23 June 2017 during EID Festival . The end credits in the teaser revealed that the story of the film is based on the 2015 movie Little Boy . .

neg: David DiLaura David L. DiLaura ( Boulder , Colorado ) is an American engineer , educator and pioneer in lighting calculation software .   He received his Bachelor of Science in physics from Wayne State University in Detroit in 1970 , after which he worked for 10 years as an illuminating engineer at the architectural engineering firm of Smith , Hinchman & Grylls . During this time he was also visiting lecturer in illuminating engineering at the University of Colorado at Boulder , where he taught for the first time in 1972 .   In 1981 he founded Lighting Technologies , Inc. in Boulder , Colorado , where he directed the development of Lumen Micro . At the same time he was appointed Associate Professor Adjunct of Architectural Engineering in the College of Engineering at University of Colorado , and established its lighting education program . He was appointed Senior Instructor at University of Colorado in January 1994 , and gave up daily management responsibilities at Lighting Technologies . He was Professor and Associate Chair for Architectural Engineering at the University of Colorado . In 2007 , after 27 years of teaching , he retired from the university and joined Acuity Brands as Principal Illuminating Engineer .   DiLaura is a Fellow and Gold Medalist of the Illuminating Engineering Society , a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , a member of Tau Beta Pi , and has his LC . He has been topic editor of the 8th and 9th editions of the IES Lighting Handbook and editor of the 10th edition , he has published 42 technical papers , a translation and analysis of Johann Lambert 's seminal Latin work `` Photometria '' , authored `` A History of Light and Lighting '' , and for eight years was Editor-in-chief of the journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society , LEUKOS .   He was inducted into the Architectural Lighting Hall of Fame in 2001 , and was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Colorado in 2008 .   He currently is Principal Illuminating Engineer in the Innovation & Technology Group at Acuity Brands , Inc. , where he researches and mentors on lighting software , optical design , photometry , and continuing education .

neg: Tittsworth Jesse Tittsworth ( born 26 February 1979 ) , better known under his stage name Tittsworth , is an American DJ , producer , night club owner , and record label owner . He has worked with the likes of Q-Tip , Theophilus London , Pitbull , Kid Sister and more . He has been featured on MTV , VIBE , Pitchfork , XLR8R , and countless other outlets .

neg: Fleshlight The Fleshlight is a brand of artificial-vagina or artificial anal opening sex-toy .

neg: Fairlight (company) Fairlight is a digital audio company based in Sydney . In 1979 they created the Fairlight CMI , one of the earliest music workstation with digital audio sampler , quickly used by artists such as Peter Gabriel , Kate Bush , and Jean Michel Jarre . They are now a manufacturer of media tools such as digital audio recording and mixing consoles . Fairlight became such a prominent part of 1980s pop music that Phil Collins included the text `` there is no Fairlight on this record '' on the sleeve of No Jacket Required .

neg: Stage lighting accessories Stage lighting accessories are components manufactured for conventional ( non-automated ) stage lighting instruments . Most conventional fixtures are designed to accept a number of different accessories designed to assist in the modification of the output . These accessories are intended to either provide relatively common functionality not originally provided in a fixture ( such as beam shaping through barn doors ) , or to extend the versatility of a lighting instrument by introducing features . Other accessories have been designed to overcome limitations or difficulties some fixtures present in specific applications .   All stage lighting accessories fall into one of three distinct categories : components installed inside the fixture , components affixed to the front of the fixture ( in front of the lens ) , or components mounted elsewhere on the exterior of a fixture ( to the side , top or bottom ) .

neg: Orthovoltage X-rays Orthovoltage x-rays are produced by x-ray tubes operating at voltages in the 200 -- 500 kV range , and therefore the x-rays have an energy in the 200 -- 500 keV range ( see external beam radiotherapy for an explanation of the maximum and mean energies as a function of voltage ) . They have more energy than the x-rays used for diagnostic radiography , and are used in medicine in external beam radiotherapy to treat cancer and tumors . They penetrate tissue to a useful depth of about 4 -- 6 cm . This makes them useful for treating skin , superficial tissues , and ribs , but not for deeper structures such as lungs or pelvic organs .   Orthovoltage X-rays are sometimes termed `` deep '' x-rays ( DXR ) . The energy and penetrating ability of the x-rays produced by an x-ray tube increases with the voltage on the tube . External beam radiotherapy ( teletherapy ) began around the turn of the 20th century with ordinary diagnostic x-ray tubes , which used voltages below 150 kV . Physicians found that these were adequate for treating superficial tumors , but not tumors inside the body . Since these low energy x-rays were mostly absorbed in the first few centimeters of tissue , to deliver a large enough radiation dose to buried tumors would cause severe skin burns .   Therefore beginning in the 1920s `` orthovoltage '' 200 -- 500 kV x-ray machines were built . These more penetrating x-rays were termed `` deep '' or `` skin sparing '' rays . These were found to be able to reach shallow tumors , but to treat tumors deep in the body more voltage was needed . By the 1930s and 1940s megavoltage X-rays produced by huge machines with 3-5 million volts on the tube , began to be employed . With the introduction of linear accelerators in the 1970s , which could produce 4-30 MV beams , orthovoltage x-rays are now considered quite shallow .   By convention , the voltage is used to characterize X - and gamma-ray beams ( in volts ) , while electron beams are characterized by their energies ( in electronvolts ) .

neg: Vicki Blight Victoria `` Vicki '' Blight ( born 1981 in Plymouth ) is a radio DJ based in the United Kingdom . Blight has presented shows on Heart 106 , a regional radio station broadcast to the East Midlands , Absolute Radio , BBC Radio 1 and currently BBC Radio Wales . The name Blight is of Cornish origin .

neg: Black light theatre Black Light Theatre ( in Czech černé divadlo ) or simply Black Theatre , is a theatrical performance style characterized by the use of black box theatre augmented by black light illusion . This form of theatre originated from Asia and can be found in many places around the world . It has become a speciality of Prague , where many theatres use it .   The distinctive characteristics of `` black theatre '' are the use of black curtains , a darkened stage , and `` black lighting '' ( UV light ) , paired with fluorescent costumes in order to create intricate visual illusions . This `` black cabinet '' technique was used by Georges Méliès , and by theatre revolutionary Konstantin Stanislavski ( especially in his production of Cain ) . The technique , paired with the expressive artistry of dance , mime and acrobatics of the performers is able to create remarkable spectacles .

neg: Carson Williams Carson Williams is an electrical engineer from Mason , Ohio who is noted for his light shows using Christmas lights affixed to and around his house . The lights are programmed and synchronized to turn on and off with music using a computer application and set of controllers from the Light-O-Rama company . For each minute of animation synchronized to music , he spent approximately one hour to sequence 88 Light-O-Rama channels to control his 16,000 Christmas lights . His notability suddenly increased when a popular clip was widely circulated on the Internet in late 2005 showing a recording of one of his shows from 2004 , accompanied by the track `` Wizards in Winter '' by the Trans-Siberian Orchestra . An urban legend even developed that it was not a video of an actual light display , but faked on a computer .   With permission from both of his neighbors , he put on various displays each year at his home . Typical light shows ran between 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. each night . Viewers heard the music on an FM broadcast in their cars . This kept the speaker noise level down for his neighbors .   However , on December 6 , 2005 , Carson closed the light display indefinitely due to immense traffic congestion in his subdivision ; there was a car accident in that area and police were unable to reach the site due to the heavy traffic that had built up .   Williams 's Christmas display proved so popular that it was featured in a Miller Lite beer commercial in December 2005 . In fact , the TSO song was so popular that many other individuals have used the same song in their own Christmas display .   A light show similar to Williams ' `` Wizards in Winter '' was used in a commercial for the UK 's National Lottery , although according to a press release the advertising campaign `` was created by Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO '' . No mention of Carson Williams ' light show was made .   He has taken his Internet fame and started a custom animation lighting business . ConsarLights.com is a business to provide custom designed holiday lighting .   In November 2006 , Williams decided to revive the display and move the show to Heritage Oak Park in Mason , Ohio . The show was converted into a `` drive-through '' style show and admission was charged on a per-car basis .   According to a promotional video , officials at the Northfield Stapleton Shopping Center found William 's house lights video on the Internet and asked him to design a new show in Denver , Colorado , on a commercial scale . Created with Parker 3D , the show featured over 250,000 LED lights drawing 150 amperes of electric current . It used several Trans-Siberian Orchestra songs , including `` Wizards in Winter , '' `` Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24 '' and `` Christmas Canon '' . `` Symphony In Lights '' was a free show open to the public that ran through the month of December 2006 .   For 2007 , Consar Lights programmed new light shows designed by Parker 3D for The Promenade Bolingbrook in the Chicago Metropolitan Area , and the Yorkdale Shopping Centre in Toronto .

neg: PorchLight Entertainment PorchLight Entertainment , Inc. is an American production company founded in 1995 by Bruce D. Johnson and William T. Baumann . It is focused on development & production of television series in both live action and animation . It specializes in producing innovative , high quality animation for television , film and home video . From the high quality animation of Emmy Award winning `` Tutenstein , '' to the classic storytelling of `` Adventures From The Book of Virtues , '' and the high-tech whimsy of `` Jay Jay the Jet Plane , '' PorchLight has produced programming that informs as well as entertains .

neg: Digital Light Processing Digital Light Processing ( DLP ) is a display device based on optical micro-electro-mechanical technology that uses a digital micromirror device . It was originally developed in 1987 by Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments . While the DLP imaging device was invented by Texas Instruments , the first DLP-based projector was introduced by Digital Projection Ltd in 1997 . Digital Projection and Texas Instruments were both awarded Emmy Awards in 1998 for the DLP projector technology . DLP is used in a variety of display applications from traditional static displays to interactive displays and also non-traditional embedded applications including medical , security , and industrial uses .   DLP technology is used in DLP front projectors ( standalone projection units for classrooms and business primarily ) , DLP rear projection television sets , and digital signs . It is also used in about 85 % of digital cinema projection , and in additive manufacturing as a light source in some printers to cure resins into solid 3D objects .   Smaller `` pico '' chipsets are used in mobile devices including cell phone accessories and projection display functions embedded directly into phones .

neg: Raymond Menmuir Raymond Edward `` Ray '' Menmuir ( 10 September 1930 - 26 March 2016 ) was a British-Australian director and producer . His career included producing 44 episodes of The Professionals and directing 12 episodes of Upstairs , Downstairs . He also produced an Australian version of The Professionals called Special Squad for the Ten Network in 1984 .

neg: Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras .   The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization .   The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor .   Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .

neg: Wheat lamp A wheat lamp is a type of incandescent light designed for use in underground mining , named for inventor Grant Wheat and manufactured by Koehler Lighting Products in Wilkes-Barre , Pennsylvania , United States , a region known for extensive mining activity .   A safety lamp designed for use in potentially hazardous atmospheres such as firedamp and coal dust , the lamp is mounted on the front of the miner 's helmet and powered by a wet cell battery worn on the miner 's belt . The average wheat lamp uses a 3-5 watt bulb which will typically operate for 5 to 16 hours depending on the amp-hour capacity of the battery and the current draw of the bulb being used .   A grain of wheat lamp is an unrelated , very small incandescent lamp used in medical and optical instruments , as well as for illuminating miniature railroad and similar models .

neg: Plasma globe A plasma globe or plasma lamp ( also called plasma ball , dome , sphere , tube or orb , depending on shape ) is ( usually ) a clear glass sphere filled with a mixture of various noble gases with a high-voltage electrode in the center of the sphere .   Plasma filaments extend from the inner electrode to the outer glass insulator , giving the appearance of multiple constant beams of colored light ( see corona discharge and electric glow discharge ) . Plasma globes were most popular as novelty items in the 1980s .   The plasma lamp was invented by Nikola Tesla , during his experimentation with high-frequency currents in an evacuated glass tube for the purpose of studying high voltage phenomena . Tesla called his invention an `` inert gas discharge tube '' . The modern plasma lamp design was subsequently developed by Bill Parker , a student at MIT .

neg: Lazlow Jones Jeffrey Crawford `` Lazlow '' Jones ( born September 4 , 1973 ) is an American writer , producer , director and talk show host based in New York City . He was the host of Technofile , a radio show syndicated on more than 100 radio stations in America and as well as Sirius XM Satellite Radio . The Technofile ran from February 1995 to July 2007 .   He has also been involved in writing , producing , and doing voicework ( as a version of himself ) for the Grand Theft Auto ( GTA ) series of video games , widening his influence and recognition far beyond that of a radio host . Lazlow also worked at an advertising agency as a writer and producer , along with writer Reed Tucker ( who is now his talk radio show 's producer ) on advertisements for a variety of consumer products .

neg: Greenlight (Pitbull song) `` Greenlight '' is a song by American rapper Pitbull . It was released for digital download on July 22 , 2016 as the second single of his tenth studio album Climate Change , through RCA Records , Polo Grounds Music , and Mr. 305 Inc. . The song 's production was handled by Dr. Luke and Cirkut and features guest vocals from American recording artist Flo Rida and features a hook from LunchMoney Lewis .

neg: Filament winding Filament winding is a fabrication technique mainly used for manufacturing open ( cylinders ) or closed end structures ( pressure vessels or tanks ) . The process involves winding filaments under tension over a rotating mandrel . The mandrel rotates around the spindle ( Axis 1 or X : Spindle ) while a delivery eye on a carriage ( Axis 2 or Y : Horizontal ) traverses horizontally in line with the axis of the rotating mandrel , laying down fibers in the desired pattern or angle . The most common filaments are glass or carbon and are impregnated in a bath with resin as they are wound onto the mandrel . Once the mandrel is completely covered to the desired thickness , the resin is cured . Depending on the resin system and its cure characteristics , often the rotating mandrel is placed in an oven or placed under radiant heaters until the part is cured . Once the resin has cured , the mandrel is removed or extracted , leaving the hollow final product . For some products such as gas bottles the ` mandrel ' is a permanent part of the finished product forming a liner to prevent gas leakage or as a barrier to protect the composite from the fluid to be stored .   Filament winding is well suited to automation , and there are many applications , such as pipe and small pressure vessel that are wound and cured without any human intervention . The controlled variables for winding are fiber type , resin content , wind angle , tow or bandwidth and thickness of the fiber bundle . The angle at which the fiber has an effect on the properties of the final product . A high angle `` hoop '' will provide circumferential strength , while lower angle patterns ( polar or helical ) will provide greater longitudinal / axial tensile strength .   Products currently being produced using this technique range from pipes , golf clubs , Reverse Osmosis Membrane Housings , oars , bicycle forks , bicycle rims , power and transmission poles , pressure vessels to missile casings , aircraft fuselages and lamp posts and yacht masts .

neg: Low light level television Low light level television , initialized as LLLTV , is a type of electronic sensing device , usually a CCD camera sensitive to wavelengths above the normal `` visible '' ( 0.4 to 0.7 micrometre ) wavelengths , and into the short-wave Infrared - usually to about 1.0 to 1.1 micrometres . This allows viewing of objects in extremely low light levels , where they would not be seen by the naked eye . LLLTVs tend to be more affordable than infrared cameras , which typically cover ranges from 3 to 5 µm ( MWIR ) or 8 to 12 µm ( LWIR )

neg: Starlight Starlight is the light emitted by stars . It typically refers to visible electromagnetic radiation from stars other than the Sun observable from Earth during the night time although a component of starlight is observable from the Earth during the daytime .   Sunlight is the term used for the Sun 's starlight observed during daytime . During nighttime , albedo describes solar reflections from other Solar System objects including moonlight .   Observation and measurement of starlight through telescopes is the basis for many fields of astronomy , including photometry and stellar spectroscopy . Hipparchus did not have a telescope or any instrument that could measure apparent brightness accurately , so he simply made estimates with his eyes . He sorted the stars into six brightness categories , which he called magnitudes . He referred to the brightest stars in his catalog as first-magnitudes stars , which were the brightest stars and those so faint he could barely see them were sixth-magnitude stars .   Starlight is also a notable part of personal experience and human culture , impacting a diverse range of pursuits including poetry , astronomy , and military strategy .   The United States Army spent millions of dollars in the 1950s and onward to develop a starlight scope , that could amplify starlight , moonlight filtered by clouds , and the fluorescence of rotting vegetation about 50,000 times to allow a person to see in the night . In contrast to previously developed active infrared system such as sniperscope , it was a passive device and did not require additional light emission to see .   The average color of starlight in the observable universe is a shade of yellowish-white that has been given the name Cosmic Latte .   Starlight spectroscopy , examination of the stellar spectra , was pioneered by Joseph Fraunhofer in 1814 . Starlight can be understood to be composed of three main spectra types , continuous spectrum , emission spectrum , and absorption spectrum .   One of the oldest stars yet identified ( oldest not most distant in this case ) was identified in 2014 , the star SMSS J031300 .362670839.3 was determined to be 6000 light years away but date to 13.8 billion years ago . The starlight shining on Earth would include this star .   In the field of photography , there is a specialty of night-time photography especially when subjects are lit primarily by starlight . -LSB- https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7QNrgEACAAJ&dq=starlight+photography&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjivLqj7r3RAhWF5SYKHelUDJsQ6AEIGjAA Directly taking images of night sky is also a part of astrophotography . Starlight astrophotography can also be used for the pursuit of science and/or leisure . Starlight photography can be important for observing nocturnal animals . In many cases starlight photography may also overlap with a need to understand the impact of moonlight .