query: Adrianne Palicki had a role in Friday Night Lights.

pos: Adrianne Palicki Adrianne Lee Palicki ( born May 6 , 1983 ) is an American actress best known for her roles as Tyra Collette in the television series Friday Night Lights ( 2006 -- 2011 ) and supporting roles in the films Legion ( 2010 ) , Red Dawn ( 2012 ) , G.I. Joe : Retaliation ( 2013 ) , and John Wick ( 2014 ) . She played Barbara `` Bobbi '' Morse on the ABC series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2014 -- 2016 ) .

neg: Saturday Live (UK TV series) Saturday Live was a British television comedy and music show broadcast by Channel 4 from 1985 to 1987 , and in 1988 as Friday Night Live . Influenced by the American show Saturday Night Live ( in particular its use of guest hosts ) , it was produced by Paul Jackson .   The series made stars of Ben Elton , Harry Enfield , Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie , and featured appearances ( in some cases first television appearances ) by Patrick Marber , Morwenna Banks , Chris Barrie , Emo Philips , Tracey Ullman , Craig Ferguson , Craig Charles and many others . The show featured comic duo Adrian Edmondson and Rik Mayall in their act The Dangerous Brothers .   All episodes were transmitted live , although some material was pre-recorded . Recordings of shows were edited into compilation repeats , retitled Saturday Almost Live .   The show was succeeded by Friday Night Live , a shorter and slightly more tightly-formatted show with Elton as the permanent host , which ran for a single series in 1988 . The show 's titles consisted of reforming clay animations , highly comparable to early MTV idents .

neg: The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title .   The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel .   The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .

neg: Friday Night Lights (mixtape) Friday Night Lights is the third official mixtape from Fayetteville , North Carolina rapper J. Cole . It was released on November 12 , 2010 . The mixtape was to originally be called Villematic and contain J. Cole 's previous leaks and freestyles , however , Cole later stated it would have original material . The mixtape became the second most searched and trending topics on Google and Twitter respectively following its release . Most songs on the mixtape were slated to be on his debut album at one point or another . The mixtape has been viewed over 4,470,000 times , streamed over 1,280,000 times , and downloaded over 1,700,000 times on mixtape site DatPiff . On June 26 , 2013 Cole announced that he would be re-releasing The Warm Up and Friday Night Lights for retail sale , in order to give them the push they deserved .

neg: Ari Lehman Ari Lehman ( born May 2 , 1965 in New York , New York ) is an American performing artist , composer , and actor . He is known for having played the first Jason Voorhees as a child in the Paramount horror film Friday the 13th . Lehman currently performs in an unsigned punk rock/heavy metal band , First Jason .

neg: Fredag hela veckan Fredag Hela Veckan ( Friday All the Week ) is a Swedish TV show on TV4 , a Swedish version of Saturday Night Live .   Among the famous Swedish comedians in the show , there were David Hellenius , Peter Magnusson and Christine Meltzer , stars from the prior Friday entertainment Hey Baberiba . Other cast members included Josephine Bornebusch , Mackan Edlund , Ulrika Kjällander , Ulf Kvensler and Andreas Nilsson . Kvensler hosted the in-show show Senaste Nytt ( Latest News ) , which is similar to SNL : s Weekend Update .

neg: Sports Night Sports Night is an American television series about a fictional sports news show also called Sports Night . It focuses on the friendships , pitfalls and ethical issues the creative talent of the program face while trying to produce a good show under constant network pressure . Created by Aaron Sorkin , the half-hour prime time comedy-drama aired on ABC for two seasons , from 1998 to 2000 .   The show stars Robert Guillaume as managing editor Isaac Jaffe , Felicity Huffman as executive producer Dana Whitaker , Peter Krause as anchor Casey McCall , Josh Charles as anchor Dan Rydell , Sabrina Lloyd as senior associate producer Natalie Hurley and Joshua Malina as associate producer Jeremy Goodwin . Regular guest stars included William H. Macy as ratings expert Sam Donovan and Brenda Strong as Sally Sasser , the producer of West Coast Update ( another show on the same network as Sports Night ) and rival of Dana . Other notable guest stars included Paula Marshall and several who later appeared on Sorkin 's The West Wing including Janel Moloney , Teri Polo , Ted McGinley , Lisa Edelstein , Clark Gregg , Nina Siemaszko , John DeLancie , Timothy Davis-Reed , Cress Williams , Nadia Dajani , and Spencer Garrett . In addition , both Malina and Huffman also appeared in The West Wing .   TV Guide ranked it # 10 on their 2013 list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' .

neg: Adrianna Biedrzyńska Adrianna Biedrzyńska ( born 30 March 1962 in Toruń ) is a Polish actress . She performed in more than thirty films since 1983 . She is best known for her performance as Anka in Decalogue IV .

neg: Blairstown Theater Festival The Blairstown Theater Festival operated from December 2006 through November 2007 at historic Roy 's Hall ( also known as Roy 's Theatre ) , a former silent movie theater built in 1913 at 30 Main Street in Blairstown , New Jersey .   On July 13 , 2007 , the company attracted considerable media attention when they presented three screenings of the classic horror film , Friday the 13th , which was shot in and around Blairstown in the fall of 1979 . Roy 's Hall appears in the film shortly after the opening credits .   The company 's January 2007 production of Letters from the Inside was selected by The Star-Ledger as one of the top five new plays of the 2006 -- 2007 New Jersey theater season and actress Kelli Ambrose , who played Mandy in Letters from the Inside , was selected as one of the top five Best Leading Actresses in a Play .   Among the other concerts and productions presented by the Blairstown Theater Festival were Nancy Anderson singing early Broadway songs backed by the Baroque Orchestra of North Jersey ( Baroque to Broadway ) , the Still River Band in Concert , Malachy McCourt and Jarlath Conroy in A Couple of Blaguards , Betsy Palmer and Will Hutchins in A.R. Gurney 's Love Letters , the New Jersey premiere of I Am Anne Frank , and concerts by cabaret performers KT Sullivan ( Vienna to Weimar ) , John O'Neil ( ` So Kaye ) , the Western Wind Vocal Ensemble ( Holiday Light ) , Cris Groenendaal ( Music of the Night ) , Jana Robbins ( One Hell of a Ride ! The Songs of Cy Coleman ) and jazz pianist Bill Mays and his Inventions Trio .   The company also presented several film festivals with such classic titles as Gone with the Wind , Casablanca , Seven Samurai , Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein , A Night at the Opera , The Court Jester , -LSB- -LSB- Beauty and the Beast ( 1946 film ) | La Belle et la Bête -RSB- -RSB- , Black Orpheus , Mon Oncle , The Wages of Fear and La Strada .   The Blairstown Theater Festival was not able to continue past its first season for several reasons . Most significantly , Blairstown Township suddenly increased the real estate taxes on the building by more than 680 % ( from $ 1,031.55 to $ 7,032.30 ) and the landlord decided to sell the theatre .   A CD featuring highlights from the Blairstown Theater Festival 's season was released in February 2008 .

neg: The First Nighter Program The First Nighter Program was a long-running radio anthology comedy-drama series broadcast from November 27 , 1930 , to September 27 , 1953 . The host was Mr. First Nighter ( Charles P. Hughes , Macdonald Carey , Bret Morrison , Marvin Miller , Don Briggs and Rye Billsbury -LSB- later known as Michael Rye -RSB- ) .   An article in a 1939 newspaper observed , `` First Nighter was the first show to present complete and separate original plays each week . ''   The show 's opening recreated the aural atmosphere of a Broadway opening . Before each week 's drama began , Mr. First Nighter was first heard walking on Broadway , emerging from the noise of people and street traffic into the crowded lobby of `` the Little Theater Off Times Square '' and then taking his seat in the third row center , where he gave the whispered introduction :  The house lights have dimmed , and the curtain is about to go up on tonight 's production .   Romantic comedies were the specialty of the series , and the principal roles were played by the teams of Don Ameche and June Meredith ( 1930 -- 36 ) , Ameche and Betty Lou Gerson ( 1935 -- 36 ) , Les Tremayne and Barbara Luddy ( 1936 -- 43 ) and  Olan Soule and Luddy ( 1943 and after ) .  Joseph T. Ainley produced and directed the series . The announcers were Larry Keating and Vincent Pelletier . Music was provided by `` The Famous First Nighter Orchestra '' , under the direction of Eric Sagerquist ( 1930 -- 44 ) , Caesar Petrillo ( 1945 -- 46 ) and Frank Worth ( 1947 -- 53 ) .   The most popular episode may have been the annual Christmas episode , `` Little Town of Bethlehem , '' which was first performed in 1937 and every year afterwards at the request of the listening audience .   Performing before a studio audience , the actors wore formal attire , with Luddy in a gown and Tremayne clad in evening clothes and top hat . Commercial breaks were signalled with the usher 's cry `` Smoking downstairs and in the outer lobby only , please ! '' , with the action resuming with a buzzer and the usher 's curtain call .   The series ran on four radio networks in the following timeline :  NBC Blue Network : 11/27/30 to 09/29/33  NBC Red Network : 10/06/33 to 02/12/37  CBS : 02/19/37 to 12/21/37  NBC Red Network : 01/07/38 to 08/26/38  CBS : 09/02/38 to 05/29/42  Mutual : 10/04/42 to 10/25/44  CBS : 10/20/45 to 04/13/46 and 10/04/47 to 10/20/49  NBC ( reruns ) : 04/27/52 to 09/27/53   The show was hosted by The Campana Company and solely featured commercials for their products . Due largely in part to this exposure , their Italian Balm became the best-selling hand lotion in the United States in the 1930s .

neg: Friday Nite Improvs Friday Nite Improvs , or Friday Night Improvs ( FNI ) , is a long-running weekly improvisational comedy show staged on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The show functions as an improv jam , performed by improv actors who do n't normally work together . FNI is unique in that , in addition to the audience 's providing improv suggestions , the performers are all pulled from volunteers in the audience .   Friday Nite Improvs is the longest-running theatrical/comedic production in the city of Pittsburgh . The show regularly features actors from every improv group in Pittsburgh , and alumni have gone on to act , write , and produce for television and film .   Readers of the Pittsburgh City Paper ranked Friday Nite Improvs as the 3rd best place to see comedy in Pittsburgh in the 2004 `` Best of Pittsburgh '' survey behind the professional stand-up clubs The Improv and The Funnybone .   College Prowler ranked Friday Nite Improvs as the ninth best thing about Pitt .

neg: Derek Santos Olson Derek Santos Olson is an American television writer . He has worked on the NBC drama Friday Night Lights and has been nominated for a Writers Guild of America ( WGA ) Award .

neg: Friday Night Videos Friday Night Videos ( later becoming Friday Night and then Late Friday ) is an American music video show that was broadcast on NBC from July 29 , 1983 to May 24 , 2002 . It was the network 's attempt to capitalize on the emerging popularity of music videos as seen on MTV . Belinda Carlisle was the guest host for the first episode .

neg: Antidote Films For the Australian film distribution company , see Antidote Films ( Australia ) .   Antidote Films , also known as Antidote International Films , Inc. , is an independent film production company founded by producer Jeff Levy-Hinte based in the Hudson Square neighborhood of New York City . In 2008 , Antidote completed several documentaries , including Soul Power and The Dungeon Masters , both of which premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival .   Antidote produced Roman Polanski : Wanted and Desired , a documentary directed by Marina Zenovich , which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and winner of the Documentary Editing Award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , the film will be released domestically by HBO and internationally through The Weinstein Company .   Prior to this , Antidote produced several narrative films until The Last Winter , when the company shifted its focus to documentary .   Other Antidiote productions include the eco-horror thriller The Last Winter ; The Hawk Is Dying , adapted from Harry Crews ' novel and directed by Julian Goldberger ; Mysterious Skin , directed by Greg Araki ; and Thirteen , directed by Catherine Hardwicke .   In 2003 Daily Variety announced Antidote 's plans for a film adaptation of the JT LeRoy novel ` Sarah ' , to be directed by Steven Shainberg . According to The New York Times , when Shainberg learned that JT LeRoy was a literary persona and that Laura Albert was the actual author of Sarah , he decided `` to make a ` meta-film , ' a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling ` Sarah Plus . ' '' The Times also reported that this new project `` required the rights to Laura Albert 's story , rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant . '' In June 2007 Antidote sued Albert for fraud , claiming that a contract signed with JT LeRoy to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void . After a Manhattan jury found Albert liable in monetary damages for the tort of fraud because she had signed her nom de plume to the movie contract , The New York Times noted that Jeffrey Levy-Hinte said , `` if Ms. Albert , who never made a fortune from her literary works , could not afford to pay the judgment , he might have to consider laying claim to the rights to her past and future books . '' Levy-Hinte 's chief lawyer insisted , `` Neither Jeff nor I want to ruin Laura Albert . We just want her to behave with a little more integrity . '' After an appeal , the damages awarded were reduced by settlement with Antidote in 2009 , and Laura Albert retained the rights to her books and her life story .

neg: Pegarty Long Pegarty Long ( born August 17 , 1940 in New York City , New York ) is a film producer and director , best known for the campy horror movie An Irish Vampire in Hollywood ( 2007 ) and the experimental film Incision ( 1999 ) . She runs Raven Productions ( in Venice , CA ) , a production company for film and literature , whose catalogue includes these poetry books : `` The Prose and Poetry of John Thomas , `` The Collected Poems of Philomene Long , '' `` Memoirs of a Nun on Fire , '' and `` Bukowski in the Bathtub , '' about Charles Bukowski Pegarty lives in Venice , California .   She is the twin sister of the poet Philomene Long .   Reviews of An Irish Vampire in Hollywood  Winner Best Film Score The International Moondance Film Festival .  `` Utterly fantastic ! Most cinema is boring . This film is different , creative and artistic . Better than Batman ! '' - Peter McCarthy , Producer-Director `` Repo Man '' , `` Sid & Nancy '' , `` Floundering '' `` Death and Taxes '' .  `` I was very taken with the film , by its poetic sensibility and often arresting images and by the narrative permutations you brought to the vampire genre . Conjuring up a vivid and indelible world , you present an Ireland admittedly a `` tad '' darker than say John Ford in The Quiet Man but no less evocative . '' - Robert Dawson , Award-Winning Movie Titleler ` The Doors '' , `` Point Break '' , `` Gladiator '' , `` X Men '' .  `` The Irish Vampire Goes West '' , is the first Irish vampire film . '' - Kim Newman The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies  `` Art / vampire . Pegarty Long has discovered a new genre . Reminds one a bit , stylistically , of the German expressionists , especially NOSEFERATU . '' - Peter Belsito , Founder Filmfinders , Producer `` Tarkowsky : Time Within Time '' .  `` A beautifully shot film . `` Irish Vampire '' brought back my evenings in the underground cinema of the 60s . Too bad it 's not still with us , because then you have a camp cult classic on your hands . - Wanda Coleman , Award-Winning Poet , Writer `` Mad Dog Black Lady , `` A War of Eyes and Other Stories '' .  `` Timelessly classical . '' - Jeanne Collachia , Director , Editor , Producer `` Bread and Salt '' .

neg: Practical Magic Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman . The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock , Nicole Kidman , Stockard Channing , Dianne Wiest , Aidan Quinn , and Goran Visnjic . The film score was composed by Alan Silvestri .   Bullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens , who have always known they were different from each other . Raised by their aunts after their parents ' death , the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but typical -- their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic . But the invocation of the Owens ' sorcery also carries a price -- some call it a curse : the men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death . Now adult women with very different personalities , the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owens ' lives .

neg: List of Sports Night characters Sports Night is an American comedy-drama which aired on ABC from September 1998 until May 2000 . The show goes behind the scenes at a fictional network sports round-up show , akin to ESPN show Sports Center , and the interactions on and off screen between the eccentric characters .

neg: List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! ''   Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber .   Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .

neg: Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart .   Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative .   `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .

neg: Pilot (Friday Night Lights) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the sports drama television series Friday Night Lights . The episode premiered on the NBC network on October 3 , 2006 . It introduces the men and women involved with the Dillon Panthers , a Texas high school football team . In the pilot episode , the team is preparing for the first game of the season , which will be the first game under new head coach Eric Taylor .   The show is based on the 2004 film Friday Night Lights , which was in turn based on the 1990 non-fiction book Friday Night Lights : A Town , a Team , and a Dream by H. G. Bissinger . Peter Berg , who is Bissinger 's cousin and who directed the film , wrote and directed the pilot episode , and served as executive producer for the series . While some of the actors from the movie returned to act on the show , most of the actors were cast specifically for the television series .   Critical reception of the show was good to average , with a general appreciation for the realistic portrayal of Middle America . Generally speaking , however , there were serious doubts about whether the show would be able to stay on the air very long , though it has since gone on to complete five seasons . The episode 's viewership of just over seven million was characterized as disappointing , though it did relatively well among men aged 18 to 34 .

neg: Graveyard Shift (1987 film) Graveyard Shift ( also titled Central Park Drifter ) is a 1987 Canadian horror film written and directed by Jerry Ciccoritti , and starring Michael A. Miranda ( billed as Silvio Oliviero ) and Helen Papas . The film was originally entitled Graveyard Shift but when the film was released to video , the title was changed to Central Park Drifter ( IMDB info ) . Supporting roles included Coronor ( Michael Bokner ) , Detective Winsome ( John Haslett Cuff ) , Detective Smith ( Don James ) , and Officer Arbus ( Lesley Kelly ) .


query: Hate group only practices peace.

pos: Hate group A hate group is a social group that advocates and practices hatred , hostility , or violence towards members of a race , ethnicity , nation , religion , gender , gender identity , sexual orientation or any other designated sector of society . According to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) , a hate group 's `` primary purpose is to promote animosity , hostility , and malice against persons belonging to a race , religion , disability , sexual orientation , or ethnicity/national origin which differs from that of the members of the organization . '' Scholars find it difficult to define the term hate group and `` whether a particular group is to be classified as a hate group is sometimes in the eye of the beholder . ''   In the US , two private organizations that monitor intolerance and hate groups are the Anti-Defamation League ( ADL ) and the Southern Poverty Law Center ( SPLC ) . They maintain lists of what they deem to be hate groups , supremacist groups and anti-Semitic , anti-government or extremist groups that have committed hate crimes . The SPLC 's definition of a `` hate group '' includes any group with beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people -- particularly when the characteristics being maligned are immutable . However , at least for the SPLC , inclusion of a group in the list `` does not imply a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity . '' According to the SPLC , from 2000 to 2008 , hate group activity saw a 50 percent increase in the US , with a total of 926 active groups . Recently the term alt-right , short for `` alternative right , '' has come into usage . This broad term includes a range of people who reject mainstream conservatism in favor of forms of conservatism that embrace implicit or explicit racism or white supremacy . The alt-right is described as `` a weird mix of old-school neo-Nazis , conspiracy theorists , anti-globalists , and young right-wing internet trolls -- all united in the belief that white male identity is under attack by multicultural , `` politically correct '' forces . ''   The FBI does not publish a list of hate groups , and '' -LSB- I -RSB- nvestigations are conducted only when a threat or advocacy of force is made ; when the group has the apparent ability to carry out the proclaimed act ; and when the act would constitute a potential violation of federal law . The FBI maintains statistics on hate crimes .

neg: Sabra and Shatila massacre The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the killing of between 762 and 3,500 civilians , mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites , by a militia close to the Kataeb Party , also called Phalange , a predominantly Christian Lebanese right-wing party in the Sabra neighborhood and the adjacent Shatila refugee camp in Beirut , Lebanon . From approximately 18:00 on 16 September to 08:00 on 18 September 1982 , a widespread massacre was carried out by the militia virtually under the eyes of their Israeli allies . The Phalanges , allies to the Israeli Defence Forces ( IDF ) , were ordered by the IDF to clear out Sabra and Shatila from Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) fighters , as part of the IDF maneuvering into West Beirut . The IDF received reports of some of the Phalanges atrocities in Sabra and Shatila but failed to stop them .   The massacre was presented as retaliation for the assassination of newly elected Lebanese president Bachir Gemayel , the leader of the Lebanese Kataeb Party . It was wrongly assumed that Palestinian militants had carried out the assassination . In June 1982 , the Israel Defense Forces had invaded Lebanon with the intention of rooting out the PLO . By mid-1982 , under the supervision of the Multinational Force , the PLO withdrew from Lebanon following weeks of battles in West Beirut and shortly before the massacre took place . Various forces -- Israeli , Phalangists and possibly also the South Lebanon Army ( SLA ) -- were in the vicinity of Sabra and Shatila at the time of the slaughter , taking advantage of the fact that the Multinational Force had removed barracks and mines that had encircled Beirut 's predominantly Muslim neighborhoods and kept the Israelis at bay during the Beirut siege . The Israeli advance over West Beirut in the wake of the PLO withdrawal , which enabled the Phalangist raid , was considered a violation of the ceasefire agreement between the various forces . The Israeli Army surrounded Sabra and Shatila and stationed troops at the exits of the area to prevent camp residents from leaving and , at the Phalangists ' request , fired illuminating flares at night .   According to Alain Menargues , the direct perpetrators of the killings were the `` Young Men '' , a gang recruited by Elie Hobeika , a prominent figure in the Phalanges , the Lebanese Forces intelligence chief and liaison officer with Mossad , from men who had been expelled from the Lebanese Forces for insubordination or criminal activities . The killings are widely believed to have taken place under Hobeika 's direct orders . Hobeika 's family and fiancée had been murdered by Palestinian militiamen , and their Lebanese allies , at the Damour massacre of 1976 , itself a response to the 1976 Karantina massacre of Palestinians and Lebanese Muslims at the hands of Christian militants . Hobeika later became a long-serving Member of the Parliament of Lebanon and served in several ministerial roles . Other Phalangist commanders involved were Joseph Edde from South Lebanon , Dib Anasta , head of the Phalangist Military Police , Michael Zouein , and Maroun Mischalani from East Beirut . In all 300 -- 400 militiamen were involved , including some from Sa'ad Haddad 's South Lebanon Army .   In 1983 , a commission chaired by Seán MacBride , the assistant to the UN Secretary General and President of United Nations General Assembly at the time , concluded that Israel , as the camp 's occupying power , bore responsibility for the violence . The commission also concluded that the massacre was a form of genocide .   In 1983 , the Israeli Kahan Commission , appointed to investigate the incident , found that Israeli military personnel , aware that a massacre was in progress , had failed to take serious steps to stop it . The commission deemed Israel indirectly responsible , and Ariel Sharon , then Defense Minister , bore personal responsibility `` for ignoring the danger of bloodshed and revenge '' , forcing him to resign .

neg: 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt On 15 July 2016 , an alleged coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions , including , but not limited to the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . The attempt was carried out by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces that organized themselves as the Peace at Home Council . They attempted to seize control of several key places in Ankara , Istanbul , and elsewhere , but failed to do so after forces loyal to the state defeated them . The Council cited an erosion of secularism , elimination of democratic rule , disregard for human rights , and Turkey 's loss of credibility in the international arena as reasons for the coup . The government accused the coup leaders of being linked to the Gülen movement , which is designated as a terrorist organization by the Republic of Turkey and led by Fethullah Gülen , a Turkish businessman and cleric who lives in Pennsylvania . Erdoğan accuses Gülen of being behind the coup -- a claim that Gülen denies -- and accused the United States of harboring him . Gülen has suggested the coup was in fact a `` self-coup '' carried out by Erdogan to consolidate his grip on power , a belief shared among some analysts and many Turks . Events surrounding the coup attempt and the purges in its aftermath reflect a complex power struggle between Islamist elites in Turkey .   During the coup , over 300 people were killed and more than 2,100 were injured . Many government buildings , including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace , were bombed from the air . Mass arrests followed , with at least 40,000 detained , including at least 10,000 soldiers and , for reasons that remain unclear , 2,745 judges . 15,000 education staff were also suspended and the licenses of 21,000 teachers working at private institutions were revoked as well after the government alleged they were loyal to Gülen . More than 100,000 people have been arrested or fired from their jobs , on accusations of connections to Gülen .   Reactions to the event were largely against the coup attempt , both domestically and internationally . The main opposition parties in Turkey condemned the attempt , while several international leaders -- such as those from the United States , NATO , the European Union , and other neighboring countries -- called for `` respect of the democratic institutions in Turkey and its elected officials . '' International organizations expressed themselves against the coup as well . The United Nations Security Council , however , did not denounce the coup after disagreements over the phrasing of a statement .   President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan accused the head of United States Central Command , chief General Joseph Votel of `` siding with coup plotters '' , after Votel accused the Turkish government of arresting the Pentagon 's contacts in Turkey .   In March 2017 , Germany 's intelligence chief said Germany was unconvinced by Erdoğan 's claim that Fethullah Gulen was behind the failed coup . Also in March , the British Parliament 's Foreign Affairs Committee said some Gulenists were involved in coup d'état attempt but found no hard evidence that Fethullah Gülen masterminded the failed coup and found no evidence to justify the UK designating the Gülen movement as a `` terrorist organization '' .

neg: David Wayne Hull David Wayne Hull is a leader of the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan , which is considered the most militant as well as the most violent Ku Klux Klan in history .   Hull was indicted in March 2003 for , witness tampering , and instructing persons on procedures for creating destructive devices . Hull threatened minorities and workers and patients at abortion clinics . He had built and detonated improvised explosive devices ( IEDs ) during KKK events , and was recorded instructing individuals on how to place IEDs to cause maximum damage . A jury in western Pennsylvania convicted Hull on seven counts of a ten-count indictment . On February 25 , 2005 , he was sentenced to 12 years in prison , followed by three years of probation .   Hull 's criminal record dates back to 1994 . He was arrested by the Pittsburgh Joint Terrorism Task Force , which consists of federal , state and local law enforcement agencies . According to the Southern Poverty Law Center , Hull published a newsletter in which he urged readers to write Timothy McVeigh `` to tell this great man goodbye . ''   The Anti-Defamation League , wrote that , in July 2002 , Hull attended the neo-Nazi `` Aryan Nations World Congress '' and he is a follower of Christian Identity , `` a racist and anti-Semitic sect whose adherents believe that white people are God 's chosen people , descended from the lost tribes of ancient Israel , and that minorities are soulless `` mud peoples . '' '' In 2003 , during an FBI `` sting operation '' Hull said he wanted grenades to be used to `` blow up '' abortion clinics . He was subsequently arrested .   Hull 's conviction was reversed in part when the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ruled possession of a pipe bomb in and of itself did not constitute a federal `` crime of violence '' .   Hull was released from federal prison in 2012 .

neg: Ideology of the SS The ideology espoused by the Schutzstaffel ( `` Protection Squadron '' ; SS ) , a paramilitary force and instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany , emphasized a racist vision of `` racial purity '' , antisemitism , and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany .   SS men were indoctrinated with the belief they were members of a `` master race '' . The ideology of the SS was , even more so than in Nazism in general , built on the belief in a superior `` Aryan race '' . This led to the SS playing the main role in political violence and crimes against humanity , including the Holocaust and `` mercy killing '' of those with congenital illnesses . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , the SS and Nazi Party were found to be criminal organizations at the Nuremberg Trials .

neg: Jews for Israeli–Palestinian Peace Jews for Israeli -- Palestinian Peace ( Judar för israelisk-palestinsk fred ) , abbreviated as JIPF , is a group founded by Swedish Jews in 1982 in Stockholm , Sweden , after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon .   JIPF states that they want to work for a `` fair and lasting peace '' in the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians , based on national self-determination and independence for the both peoples . Its political programme include demands for a creation of a Palestinian state , Israel 's withdrawal from all territories occupied in 1967 , the dismantlement of Israeli settlements and that the Palestinian refugee question must be based on the principle of the right of return or economic compensation .   Dror Feiler is the chairman of the organization . Other members includes Izzy Young , the journalist Annika Thor and the pediatrician Henry Ascher .

neg: Racial violence in Australia Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement , and a level of intertribal rivalry and violence among Indigenous Australians pre-dates the arrival of white settlers from Britain in 1788 .   During the period of British colonisation , various incidents of inter-racial tension and competition for land and resources between Europeans and Indigenous peoples involved violence , becoming a factor in the decline of indigenous populations during the 19th century . Incidents of racial violence between settler communities followed the large scale multi-ethnic immigration of the Australian goldrushes of the mid-19th century - notably white miners targeting Chinese miners - which contributed to the development of the White Australia Policy which preferenced British and `` white '' immigration to Australia for some decades . The policy resulted in a largely racially homogenous population by the mid-20th century .   Australia 's large scale , Post-World War Two , multi-ethnic immigration program has seen Australia develop into one of the most ethnically diverse nations , with relatively little racial violence , and in which incitement to racial violence is a crime . Nevertheless , incidents and examples of violence between the various ethnicities of modern Australia have continued to be attributed to racial motivations up to the present time .

neg: Middle East nuclear weapon free zone The Middle East nuclear weapon free zone ( MENWFZ ) is a proposed agreement similar to other nuclear-weapon-free zones in other regions . Steps towards the establishment of such a zone began in the 1960s led to a joint declaration by Egypt and Iran in 1974 which resulted in a General Assembly resolution ( broadened in 1990 through the Mubarak Initiative to cover all weapons of mass destruction ) . Following the 1995 NPT Review Conference , the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) held a series of meetings involving experts and academics to consider ways to advance this process .   Such a zone would strengthen the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) , would help to promote global nuclear disarmament and would also help the Middle East peace process as substantial confidence-building measures .   The United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 ( the ceasefire ending the Gulf War ) recognizes the goal of establishing the MENWFZ ( para 14 ) .   For the Egyptian government ( until the political changes of 2011 ) , a MENWFZ was seen as a central source of pressure on Israel to relinquish its ambiguous nuclear policy , and to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . Until the Iranian nuclear program , Israel was believed to be the only Mideast country to have a nuclear deterrence capability , developed in the 1960s . As Avner Cohen , Gerald Steinberg and other experts have noted , Israeli policy has emphasized the link between nuclear demilitarization and a comprehensive peace settlement including Palestinian issues and with countries and potential threats in the region , including Syria and Iran . Israel maintains a veil of `` studied ambiguity '' ( `` amimut '' ) about its nuclear arsenal , and has not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty .   Four countries in the Middle East have been found in non-compliance with their IAEA safeguards obligations under the NPT : Iraq , Libya , Iran , and Syria . Of these cases , Iran and Syria remain unresolved .   Following pressure from Egypt and the Arab League , the 2010 NPT Review Conference called for holding a conference on a MENWFZ which would primarily press Israel to end its policy of a ambiguity . Finland planned to host such an event in 2012 . However , no agreement was reached on the agenda and other issues , and the conference was called off in November 2012 .   An international group of concerned citizens , including former members of the Israeli Knesset , responded to the lack of progress in official talks by organizing an International Conference For A WMD-Free Middle East . It was held in Haifa in December 2013 .

neg: Antisemitism Antisemitism ( also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism ) is hostility , prejudice , or discrimination directed against Jews as a group . A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite . Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism .   The root word Semite gives the false impression that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic people , e.g. , including Arabs . The compound word antisemite was popularized in Germany in 1879 as a scientific-sounding term for Judenhass `` Jew-hatred '' , and that has been its common use since then .   Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways , ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs , state police , or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities . Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century , it is now also applied to historic anti-Jewish incidents . Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096 , the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290 , the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391 , the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition , the expulsion from Spain in 1492 , the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657 , various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire between 1821 and 1906 , the 1894 -- 1906 Dreyfus affair in France , the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe , official Soviet anti-Jewish policies , and Arab and Muslim involvement in the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries .

neg: List of violent incidents in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, 2007 Timeline of conflict between Israelis and Palestinians in 2007 . It includes would-be attacks that were foiled and thwarted by Israeli security forces .   The shaky six-month cease-fire between Israel and the Palestinians collapsed when the military wing of Hamas , one of the leading Palestinian factions , resumed rocket attacks against Israel on May 15 in an apparent attempt to draw Israel into the ongoing Palestinian factional violence . Hundreds of rockets were fired since then , many of them landing around Sderot , causing several frightened residents to flee and others be treated for wounds and shock .   In the months since November 2006 , smaller Palestinian factions continued to fire rockets at Israel . They included Islamic Jihad , which rejected the cease-fire , and Al-Aksa Martyrs Brigades , which is nominally affiliated with the mainstream Fatah faction headed by the Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas . Israel said it was ending its policy of restraint against the rocket fire on May 16 . Since then , the air force has struck mainly at Hamas structures and cells that the army said were involved in terrorist activity .   Representatives from some Palestinian factions have denounced the rocket attacks . A Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine official called it `` stupid '' , and Fatah president Mahmoud Abbas called it `` pointless and needless '' after a meeting with then European Union foreign policy chief Javier Solana . The rival Hamas party rejected the statement , saying `` Abbas hates the rockets just like we hate the Jews . '' Hamas suspects that Israel 's attacks are part of an effort to weaken Hamas in favor of Fatah . Then Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert said that no one involved in terrorist activities is immune . The position of the United States State Department is that the conflict `` all started with Hamas not only attacking the legitimate security forces in the Gaza Strip , but also starting a stepped-up campaign of rocket launches against Israel . '' Israel does not target Fatah 's security forces , although it has had clashes with the al Aqsa Martyrs ' Brigades , a violent offshoot of the group .

neg: Slovak Brotherhood The Slovak Brotherhood or Slovenská pospolitosť is a civil society group in Slovakia . ` Slovenská ' means `` Slovak '' ; ` pospolitosť ' is a rather archaic word meaning `` solidarity '' or `` community '' or `` togetherness '' . The group has been characterised as `` extremist . ''   Slovenská pospolitosť was formed in 1996 to bring together sections of the local far right population and place them under the leadership of more astute ideologues . The group has links to the International Third Position and has posted details of its activities on their websites . The movement has come under increasing pressure from the government of Slovakia in 2005 , to the extent where the leading member Ján Kopunek has claimed that the Slovak police have been ordered to crush the group entirely . Since then , Marian Kotleba has been charged with hate crimes in absentia . Later , Kotleba was charged for finishing one of his speeches with `` Na stráž ! '' the phrase used in the fascist Hlinka Guard . After that the charges were dropped as it `` could n't be proven that the phrase itself constitutes the promotion of fascism '' . However the American embassy in Bratislava characterised the groups activities as `` commemorating the wartime fascist state and to spread messages of intolerance against ethnic and religious minorities . ''   In 2006 , Kotleba tried to transform the group into a political party ( Slovak Togetherness - National Party ) . The party was dissolved by the Supreme Court because of its non-compliance with the Constitution ( restriction of universal suffrage , replacement of the party system by the state of estates ) as the first and yet only dissolved political party in the modern history of Slovakia . The group then continued to exist as a civil society . Also in this form it was temporarily banned by the Interior Ministry for `` activities that incite hatred and national , racial , religious as well as political intolerance '' , but the Slovak Supreme Court reinstated the group , claiming that `` the legal conditions for disbanding Slovenská Pospolitosť had not been met . '' The group resumes operation unhindered .   In August 2009 the group led a march in protest at the local Roma community during which members threw rocks and bottles at police , resulting in over 30 arrests and seven injuries .   They have been associated with the European National Front and support their ideas of European nationalist unity . They hosted a meeting for some affiliated groups in 2004 .

neg: London Declaration for Global Peace and Resistance against Extremism 2011 On 24 September 2011 , Minhaj-ul-Quran organised a major `` Peace for Humanity Conference '' at Wembley Arena in London at which , under the auspices of Pakistani Islamic scholar Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri , its 12,000 attendees announced a global declaration denouncing racism , interfaith intolerance , extremism and terrorism . Minhaj-ul-Quran strategist Joel Hayward wrote the declaration text for Qadri and was its second formal signatory after Qadri himself . Notably , senior Al-Azhar University leaders and dignitaries then signed it before Minhaj-ul-Quran opened it up via the internet for public signing . They aim to get one million signatures within a year . The London Declaration for Global Peace and Resistance against Extremism is intended as an interfaith document which unequivocally condemns all extremism and terrorism , '' because at the heart of all religions is a belief in the sanctity of the lives of the innocent . '' The Declaration adds : `` The indiscriminate nature of terrorism , which has in recent years killed far more civilians and other non-combatants than it has combatants , is un-Islamic , un-Judaic , un-Christian and it is indeed incompatible with the true teachings of all faiths . '' The London Declaration also `` unequivocally condemn -LSB- s -RSB- anti-Semitism ( including when sometimes it is disingenuously clothed as anti-Zionism ) , Islamophobia ( including when it is sometimes disingenuously dressed up as patriotism ) and all other forms of racism and xenophobia . '' Muslim extremists tried to prevent the success of the Declaration via cyber-attacks on the website hosting it .

neg: We Charge Genocide We Charge Genocide : The Crime of Government Against the Negro People is a paper accusing the United States government of genocide based on the UN Genocide Convention . This paper was written by the Civil Rights Congress ( CRC ) and presented to the United Nations at meetings in Paris in December 1951 .   The document pointed out that the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide defined genocide as any acts committed with `` intent to destroy '' a group , `` in whole or in part . '' To build its case for black genocide , the document cited many instances of lynching in the United States , as well as legal discrimination , disenfranchisement of blacks in the South , a series of incidents of police brutality dating to the present , and systematic inequalities in health and quality of life . The central argument : the US government is both complicit with and responsible for a genocidal situation based on the UN 's own definition of genocide .   The document received international media attention and became caught up in Cold War politics , as the CRC was supported by the American Communist Party . Its many examples of shocking conditions for African Americans shaped beliefs about the United States in countries across the world . The American government and white press accused the CRC of exaggerating racial inequality in order to advance the cause of Communism . The US State Department forced CRC secretary William L. Patterson to surrender his passport after he presented the petition to a UN meeting in Paris .

neg: Israeli–Palestinian conflict The Israeli -- Palestinian conflict ( -LSB- Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'Yisraeli - Falestini ; -LSB- al-Niza ' a al ` Filastini al ` Israili ) is the ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century . The conflict is wide-ranging , and the term is sometimes also used in reference to the earlier sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine , between the Jewish yishuv and the Arab population under British rule . It has been referred to as the world 's `` most intractable conflict '' , with the ongoing Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip reaching years .   Despite a long-term peace process and the general reconciliation of Israel with Egypt and Jordan , Israelis and Palestinians have failed to reach a final peace agreement . The key issues are : mutual recognition , borders , security , water rights , control of Jerusalem , Israeli settlements , Palestinian freedom of movement , and Palestinian right of return . The violence of the conflict , in a region rich in sites of historic , cultural and religious interest worldwide , has been the object of numerous international conferences dealing with historic rights , security issues and human rights , and has been a factor hampering tourism in and general access to areas that are hotly contested .   Many attempts have been made to broker a two-state solution , involving the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside the State of Israel ( after Israel 's establishment in 1948 ) . In 2007 , the majority of both Israelis and Palestinians , according to a number of polls , preferred the two-state solution over any other solution as a means of resolving the conflict . Moreover , a majority of Jews see the Palestinians ' demand for an independent state as just , and thinks Israel can agree to the establishment of such a state . The majority of Palestinians and Israelis in the West Bank and Gaza Strip have expressed a preference for a two-state solution . Mutual distrust and significant disagreements are deep over basic issues , as is the reciprocal scepticism about the other side 's commitment to upholding obligations in an eventual agreement .   Within Israeli and Palestinian society , the conflict generates a wide variety of views and opinions . This highlights the deep divisions which exist not only between Israelis and Palestinians , but also within each society . A hallmark of the conflict has been the level of violence witnessed for virtually its entire duration . Fighting has been conducted by regular armies , paramilitary groups , terror cells , and individuals . Casualties have not been restricted to the military , with a large number of fatalities in civilian population on both sides . There are prominent international actors involved in the conflict .   The two parties engaged in direct negotiation are the Israeli government , currently led by Benjamin Netanyahu , and the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) , currently headed by Mahmoud Abbas . The official negotiations are mediated by an international contingent known as the Quartet on the Middle East ( the Quartet ) represented by a special envoy , that consists of the United States , Russia , the European Union , and the United Nations . The Arab League is another important actor , which has proposed an alternative peace plan . Egypt , a founding member of the Arab League , has historically been a key participant .   Since 2006 , the Palestinian side has been fractured by conflict between the two major factions : Fatah , the traditionally dominant party , and its later electoral challenger , Hamas . After Hamas 's electoral victory in 2006 , the Quartet conditioned future foreign assistance to the Palestinian National Authority ( PA ) on the future government 's commitment to non-violence , recognition of the State of Israel , and acceptance of previous agreements . Hamas rejected these demands , which resulted in the Quartet 's suspension of its foreign assistance program , and the imposition of economic sanctions by the Israelis . A year later , following Hamas 's seizure of power in the Gaza Strip in June 2007 , the territory officially recognized as the PA was split between Fatah in the West Bank , and Hamas in the Gaza Strip . The division of governance between the parties had effectively resulted in the collapse of bipartisan governance of the PA. . However , in 2014 , a Palestinian Unity Government , composed of both Fatah and Hamas , was formed . The latest round of peace negotiations began in July 2013 and was suspended in 2014 .

neg: Hate crime A hate crime ( also known as a bias-motivated crime ) is a prejudice-motivated crime , usually violent , which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership ( or perceived membership ) in a certain social group .   Examples of such groups can include and are almost exclusively limited to : sex , ethnicity , disability , language , nationality , physical appearance , religion , gender identity or sexual orientation . Non-criminal actions that are motivated by these reasons are often called `` bias incidents '' .   `` Hate crime '' generally refers to criminal acts which are seen to have been motivated by bias against one or more of the types above , or of their derivatives . Incidents may involve physical assault , damage to property , bullying , harassment , verbal abuse or insults , mate crime or offensive graffiti or letters ( hate mail ) .   A hate crime law is a law intended to deter bias-motivated violence . Hate crime laws are distinct from laws against hate speech : hate crime laws enhance the penalties associated with conduct which is already criminal under other laws , while hate speech laws criminalize a category of speech . Hate speech laws exist in many countries . In the US , hate crime laws have been upheld by both the Supreme Court and lower courts , especially in the case of ` fighting ' words and other violent speech , but they are thought by some people to be in conflict with the first amendment right to freedom of speech , so they have occasionally been overturned as unconstitutional .

neg: Brotherhood and unity Brotherhood and unity was a popular slogan of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia that was coined during the Yugoslav People 's Liberation War ( 1941 -- 45 ) , and which evolved into a guiding principle of Yugoslavia 's post-war inter-ethnic policy . In Slovenia , the slogan `` Brotherhood and Peace '' ( bratstvo i mir ) was used in the beginning .   After the invasion of Yugoslavia by Axis forces in April 1941 , the occupying powers and their helpers sought to systematically incite hatred among the many national , ethnic and religious groups of Yugoslavia . The Yugoslav Communist Party successfully publicized the brotherhood and unity of Yugoslavia 's nations ( narodi ) and national minorities ( nacionalne manjine , later renamed to narodnosti ) in their struggle against the fascist enemy and domestic collaborators . The decision of the second session of AVNOJ on the federalization of Yugoslavia in 1943 was regarded as the recognition of this Brotherhood and Unity principle .   After the war , the slogan designated the official policy of inter-ethnic relations in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , as embodied in its federal constitutions of 1963 and of 1974 . The policy prescribed that Yugoslavia 's nations ( Serbs , Macedonians , Croats , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Muslims ) and national minorities ( Albanians , Hungarians , Romanians , Bulgarians , Jews , Italians , and others ) are equal groups that coexist peacefully in the federation , promoting their similarities and interdependence in order to overcome national conflicts and hatred . Every individual was entitled to the expression of their own culture , while the ethnic groups had an oath to one another to maintain peaceful relations . Citizens were also encouraged and allowed to declare their nationality as Yugoslav , which usually polled at 10 % . The policy also led to the adoption of national quota systems in all public institutions , including economic organizations , in which national groups were represented by their republic 's or province 's national composition .   Throughout Yugoslavia many factories , schools , public venues , folklore ensembles and sporting teams used to be named `` Brotherhood and unity '' , as well as the Ljubljana-Zagreb-Beograd-Skopje highway ( Highway `` Brotherhood and Unity '' ) . The country had a decoration called the Order of the Brotherhood and Unity .   Several prominent persons from former Yugoslavia were convicted for activities deemed to threaten the brotherhood and unity , such as acts of chauvinist propaganda , separatism and irredentism . Among the convicts were the former presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Alija Izetbegović ) and Croatia ( Franjo Tuđman and Stjepan Mesić ) , Croatian army general of Albanian descent Rahim Ademi and many others . One Kosovo Albanian , Adem Demaçi , was imprisoned for almost 30 years for allegations of espionage and irredentism .

neg: Political violence Political violence is a broad term used to describe violence perpetrated by either persons or governments to achieve political goals . Many groups and individuals believe that their political systems will never respond to their demands . As a result , they believe that violence is not only justified but also necessary in order to achieve their political objectives . Similarly , many governments around the world believe they need to use violence in order to intimidate their populace into acquiescence . At other times , governments use force in order to defend their country from outside invasion or other threats of force and to coerce other governments or conquer territory . Political violence can take a number of forms including but not limited to those listed below . Non-action on the part of the government can also be characterized as a form of political violence .

neg: Mishmeret Tzniyut In Israel , a mishmeret tzniyut ( Hebrew : משמרת צניעות ; also tzniyut patrol , modesty squad , chastity squad ) is the name given to vigilante gangs which act to enforce a code of modesty among the Haredi public through violence and intimidation .   Such groups are said to operate in several predominantly Haredi communities in Israel . Alleged members of modesty patrols have been arrested by the Israel Police , and at least one has been sentenced to prison for assault . Within the Haredi public , both support for and opposition to modesty patrols has been reported . According to Haaretz , some violent incidents attributed to modesty patrols may be linked to the Committee for Preserving Our Camp 's Purity , a Haredi organization in Jerusalem headed by Rabbi Yitzhak Meir Shpernovitz . Shpernovitz himself has stated that modesty patrols are a journalistic myth and do not exist .  During the trial of Nechemya Weberman in New York , on charges of child abuse , media sources reported on the communal role played by chasidic `` modesty committees '' in communities like Williamsburg , Borough Park and Kiryas Joel . These groups were said to have originated years previously , and were set up to guard the `` purity '' of the community by enforcing strict dress and behavior codes that characterize the insular chasidic lifestyle . But , according to The Jewish Week , ` insiders say , the tactics of these self-appointed , freelance modesty patrols have evolved from public shaming to extortion and threats . '

neg: Prairie Fire Organizing Committee The Prairie Fire Organizing Committee is an activist group whose members advocate the overthrow of the current capitalist system as the only solution to racism , sexism , homophobia , classism and imperialism . It regards American imperialism as the main enemy of the world 's people , a position that it initially took in contradiction to the Communist Party of China 's critique of Soviet imperialism . It claims a long history of fighting for rights of all people . It opposes white supremacy in all its forms , and believe it persists through practices such as racial profiling . It calls attention to prisoners it deems political and states , `` We know that close to 100 women and men are in U.S. prisons because they have dared to struggle for the liberation of oppressed peoples '' . The group 's members are typically activists fighting U.S. imperialism . Their work proceeds from the premise that , while the U.S. remains in the global position that it currently occupies , there will be no freedom or peace for anyone .

neg: Farhud Farhud refers to the pogrom or `` violent dispossession '' carried out against the Jewish population of Baghdad , Iraq , on June 1 -- 2 , 1941 , immediately following the British victory in the Anglo-Iraqi War . The riots occurred in a power vacuum following the collapse of the pro-Nazi government of Rashid Ali , while the city was in a state of instability . The violence came immediately after the rapid defeat by the British of Rashid Ali , whose earlier coup had generated a short period of national euphoria , and was charged by allegations that Iraqi Jews had aided the British . Over 180 Jews were killed and 1,000 injured , and up to 300-400 non-Jewish rioters were killed in the attempt to quell the violence . Looting of Jewish property took place and 900 Jewish homes were destroyed .   The Farhud took place during the Jewish holiday of Shavuot . Because of rioters lamenting the losses of the outgoing regime of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani , who was an ally of Hitler 's , it has been referred to as a pogrom which was part of the Holocaust , although such comparison has been disputed . It has also been called `` the beginning of the end of the Jewish community of Iraq '' , propagating the migration of Iraqi Jews out of the country , although a direct connection to the 1951-2 Jewish exodus from Iraq is disputed . as many Jews who left Iraq immediately following the Farhud returned to the country and permanent emigration did not accelerate significantly until 1950-51 . According to Hayyim Cohen , the Farhud `` was the only -LSB- such event -RSB- known to the Jews of Iraq , at least during their last hundred years of life there '' .

neg: Mike Guzovsky Mike Guzovsky , also known as Mike Guzofsky and Yekutiel Ben-Ya ` acov , is an American-Israeli follower of the late Meir Kahane . According to the British Government , Guzovsky is a Jewish militant . He is a contact on Kahane.org , which is on the U.S. Treasury Department 's list of terrorist organizations . He lives in the settlement of Kfar Tapuach in the West Bank .   The Anti-Defamation League report that during the mid-90s Guzovsky was the leader of Kahane Chai ( an offshoot of Kach ) in the United States , where he demonstrated against Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and for Baruch Goldstein , who killed 29 Muslims . When Rabin was assassinated in 1995 , Guzovsky stated that `` Rabin was bad for Jews '' and said of his murderer , Yigal Amir , that `` An intelligent man , one like this law student , had to act . ''   He has organised peaceful resistance against the dismantlement of settlements .   In 2005 , Guzovsky said in the PBS documentary `` Israel 's Next War '' that `` We have thousands of civilians with the military know-how to instigate a mega-attack against Arabs , unidentified people , like Rabin 's assassin , Yigal Amir , who can do such a deed . No matter how much the security service and the police harass us , it wo n't do them any good . '' The British government say that Guzovsky is actively involved with military training camps , and that he is `` considered to be engaging in unacceptable behaviour by seeking to foment , justify or glorify terrorist violence in furtherance of particular beliefs and to provoke others to terrorist acts . ''   Guzovsky is on the list of individuals banned from entering the United Kingdom .


query: The Crown (TV series) starred an actor.

pos: The Crown (TV series) The Crown is a biographical drama television series , created and written by Peter Morgan and produced by Left Bank Pictures and Sony Pictures Television for Netflix . The show is a biographical story about the reign of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom . The first season covers the period between the Queen 's marriage to Philip , Duke of Edinburgh in 1947 to the disintegration of her sister Princess Margaret 's engagement to Peter Townsend in 1955 . A second season has been commissioned , which is intended to cover the Suez Crisis in 1956 through the retirement of the Queen 's third Prime Minister , Harold Macmillan , in 1963 following the Profumo affair political scandal .   The Crown evolved out of Morgan 's 2006 film The Queen and 2013 stage play The Audience . The series is intended to last 60 episodes over six seasons , with 10 one-hour episodes per season , covering the Queen 's entire life , and with new actors being cast every two seasons . Claire Foy portrays the Queen in the first two seasons , alongside Matt Smith as Prince Philip and Vanessa Kirby as Princess Margaret . Filming for the series takes place at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood , Hertfordshire , with location shooting at various locations throughout the United Kingdom .   The entire first season was released on Netflix November 4 , 2016 . Its reception was overwhelmingly positive , with critics praising cast performances , direction , writing , cinematography , production values , and the relatively accurate historical accounts of Queen Elizabeth 's reign . Significant praise was directed towards the performances of Foy in the leading role and John Lithgow as Winston Churchill , and Foy received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress and Lithgow the Best Actor at the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards , among other accolades , including at the 74th Golden Globe Awards and the 7th Critics ' Choice Television Awards .

pos: Matt Smith (actor) Matthew Robert `` Matt '' Smith ( born 28 October 1982 ) is an English actor . He is best known for his role as the Eleventh Doctor in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who , for which he received a BAFTA Award nomination in 2011 .   Smith initially aspired to be a professional footballer , but spondylolysis forced him out of the sport . After joining the National Youth Theatre and studying Drama and Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia , he became an actor in 2003 , performing in plays like Murder in the Cathedral , Fresh Kills , The History Boys , and On the Shore of the Wide World in London theatres . Extending his repertoire into West End theatre , he has since performed in the stage adaptation of Swimming with Sharks with Christian Slater , followed a year later by a critically acclaimed performance as Henry in That Face .   Smith 's first television role came in 2006 as Jim Taylor in the BBC adaptations of Philip Pullman 's The Ruby in the Smoke and The Shadow in the North , while his first major role in television came as Danny in the 2007 BBC series Party Animals . Smith , who was announced as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor in January 2009 , is the youngest person to play the character in the British television series . He left the series at the end of the 2013 Christmas Day special , `` The Time of the Doctor '' . He portrayed both the physical embodiment and a holographic version of Skynet in Terminator Genisys ( 2015 ) . Since 2016 , he portrays Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh in Peter Morgan 's Netflix biographical drama series The Crown , opposite Claire Foy as Elizabeth II .

neg: Michael Simkins Michael Simkins ( born 4 February 1957 ) is an English actor .

neg: George Henare George Winiata Henare ( born 11 September 1945 ) is a New Zealand actor with a career spanning 50 years .

neg: Tony Van Bridge Valentine Anthony Neil `` Tony Van '' Bridge CM ( 28 May 1917 -- 20 December 2004 ) was a British television and theatre actor and director .

neg: Marcus Patrick Marcus Patrick ( born Patrick Marcus Osborne , 5 June 1974 , Bath , Somerset ) is an English actor .

neg: David Thwaites David Barry Thwaites ( born 16 June 1976 ) is a British actor and producer . He is most notable for his television appearances as a teenager .   In 1989 , aged 13 , he appeared as Eustace Scrubb in the BBC 's adaptation of The Voyage of the Dawn Treader . A year later he reprised this role in The Silver Chair ( 1990 ) . Now living in Los Angeles , he is a producer and served as executive producer on All the King 's Men , License to Wed and Black Swan , and producer on Miss Potter .

neg: Peter Whitford Peter Whitford ( born 1939 ) is an Australian radio , theatre , film and television character actor .  Known for numerous roles particularly as wealthy businessmen and members of the aristocracy .

neg: Adrian Paul Adrian Paul ( born Adrian Paul Hewett ; 29 May 1959 ) is an English actor known for his titular role on the television series Highlander : The Series as Duncan MacLeod . In 1997 , he founded the Peace Fund charitable organisation .

neg: John Bowe (actor) John Bowe ( born 1 February 1950 ) is an actor best known for his television roles . He is married and has six children .   Bowe was born in Greasby , on the Wirral in Merseyside , England . His highest profile role was probably that of George Marlow in the first Prime Suspect serial in 1991 . He also played Duggie Ferguson in Coronation Street from 1999 to 2002 , having previously appeared in another of Granada TV 's soap operas ; Families .   Other TV credits include : Warship , Secret Army , Boon , The New Statesman , Capital City , Class Act , Lovejoy , Silent Witness , The Royal , Dalziel and Pascoe , Cleopatra and Einstein and Eddington , Tipping the Velvet , The Hour and DCI Banks . Film credits include The Living Daylights ( 1987 ) , Resurrected ( 1989 ) , County Kilburn ( 2000 ) and Gozo ( 2015 ) .   In 2007 , Bowe played Dr Morgan in the BBC series Cranford .   In April 2010 , Bowe joined the cast of London 's West End production Priscilla Queen of the Desert -- The Musical , playing the part of Bob . In September 2011 , he appeared as Judge Turpin in Sweeney Todd at Chichester , a role he continued in the West End transfer .   In September 2014 , Bowe joined the cast of Emmerdale , playing Lawrence White , the former lover of Harold Birch , the husband of Edna Birch ( Shirley Stelfox ) . He arrived with his daughter Chrissie ( Louise Marwood ) , his grandson Lachlan ( Thomas Atkinson ) and Chrissie 's fiancé , Robert Sugden ( Ryan Hawley ) , who he openly despises . Bowe will leave Emmerdale in 2017 after it was revealed he had been axed from the show .

neg: Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) .   In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) .   Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .

neg: Donald Sumpter Donald Sumpter ( born 13 February 1943 ) is an English actor , known for his work in film and television since the mid-1960s .

neg: James Wilby James Jonathon Wilby ( born 20 February 1958 ) is an English film , television and theatre actor .

neg: Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .

neg: Nicholas Le Prevost Nicholas Le Prevost ( born 18 March 1947 ) is an English actor .

neg: Chris Sandford Christopher Duke Sandford ( born 6 June 1939 ) is a British actor . He appeared in more than fifty films since 1956 .

neg: Paul Ronan Paul Anthony Ronan ( born 21 March 1965 ) is an Irish actor . He has been a regular performer in TV and films since the mid - '90s , notably as Edso Dowling in the Ballykissangel TV series ; other TV appearances include Rebel Heart and The Tudors . He is the father of actress Saoirse Ronan .

neg: George Harris (actor) George William Harris ( born 20 October 1949 ) is a British actor of film , stage , television , radio and musical theatre . His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the Harry Potter film series , Captain Simon Katanga in Raiders of the Lost Ark and Clive King in popular medical drama Casualty , where he was one of the original cast members . He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down .

neg: Patrick Cavanaugh Patrick Cavanaugh is an American television actor .

neg: Anthony Howell (actor) Anthony Howell ( born 27 June 1971 ) is an English actor , best known for his starring role as Sgt. Paul Milner in the British TV series '' Foyle 's War .

neg: Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .

neg: Christian Paul (actor) Christian Paul ( born May 18 , 1973 ) is a Canadian film and television actor .


query: River Phoenix works in films.

pos: River Phoenix River Jude Phoenix ( born River Jude Bottom ; August 23 , 1970 -- October 31 , 1993 ) was an American actor , musician , and activist . He was the older brother of Rain Phoenix , Joaquin Phoenix , Liberty Phoenix and Summer Phoenix .   Phoenix 's work encompassed 24 films and television appearances , and his rise to fame led to his status as a `` teen idol '' . He began his acting career at age 10 , in television commercials . He starred in the science fiction adventure film Explorers ( 1985 ) , and had his first notable role in 1986 's Stand By Me , a coming-of-age film based on the novella The Body by Stephen King . Phoenix made a transition into more adult-oriented roles with Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , playing the son of fugitive parents in a well-received performance that earned him a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , and My Own Private Idaho ( 1991 ) , playing a gay hustler in search of his estranged mother . For his performance in the latter , Phoenix garnered enormous praise and won a Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival , along with Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics .   On October 31 , 1993 , Phoenix collapsed and died of combined drug intoxication following a drug overdose on the sidewalk outside the West Hollywood nightclub The Viper Room at the age of 23 . At the time of his death , Phoenix had been in the middle of filming Dark Blood ( 1993 ) .

neg: Aleka's Attic Aleka 's Attic were an alternative folk/rock band from Gainesville , Florida , formed by River Phoenix and his sister Rain .

neg: Phoenix in popular culture The phoenix has proved an enduring allegorical symbol , symbolizing rebirth , renewal or uniqueness and often appears in modern popular culture .

neg: Leslie Andrews Leslie Andrews ( Phoenix , Arizona , United States , August 18 , 1981 ) is an American motion picture and television actress .

neg: Buffalo '66 Buffalo '66 is a 1998 comedy-drama film that is writer-director Vincent Gallo 's full-length motion picture debut . Vincent Gallo and Christina Ricci star in the lead roles and the supporting cast includes Mickey Rourke , Rosanna Arquette , Ben Gazzara , and Anjelica Huston . Gallo also composed and performed much of the music for the film .   The film received critical acclaim and Empire listed it as the 36th-greatest independent film ever made . It was filmed in and around Gallo 's native Buffalo , New York in winter . The film uses British progressive rock music in its soundtrack , notably King Crimson and Yes .   The title refers to the Buffalo Bills football team , with the number referring to the statement , `` They have n't won a championship since 1966 . '' This is critical to the plot which focuses on the Super Bowl in which the Bills , in the early 1990s , came very close to winning , but the game was blown with a missed field goal .

neg: River of Gold River of Gold ( O Rio do Ouro ) is a 1998 Portuguese drama film directed by Paulo Rocha . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Phoenix Film Festival Phoenix Film Festival is a festival that celebrates feature films and their creators . Started in 2000 , the annual celebration takes place in the city of Phoenix , Arizona . The festival is a showcase for feature and short films from all over the world .

neg: Canyon River (film) Canyon River is a 1956 Allied Artists American Western film in CinemaScope and Color by De Luxe directed by Harmon Jones . It stars George Montgomery as the head of a cattle drive .

neg: Wind River (2017 film) Wind River is a 2017 American thriller film directed and written by Taylor Sheridan in his directorial debut . The film stars Jeremy Renner , Elizabeth Olsen , Jon Bernthal and Kelsey Asbille .   It premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival . It is scheduled to be released on August 4 , 2017 , by The Weinstein Company .

neg: The Rise of Phoenixes The Rise of Phoenixes ( Chinese : ) is an upcoming historical drama based on the novel Huang Quan by Tianxia Guiyuan . It stars Chen Kun and Ni Ni .

neg: The Phoenix (Fall Out Boy song) `` The Phoenix '' is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy for their fifth studio album Save Rock and Roll ( 2013 ) . The song was written by the band in collaboration with Butch Walker , who handled production . After being released to digital outlets on March 24 , 2013 in advance of the album 's release , `` The Phoenix '' impacted radio on July 16 , 2013 as an official single . The song charted for 1 week then fell off . An accompanying music video was also released as part of the ongoing series The Young Blood Chronicles , serving as a prequel to the video of the album 's lead single `` My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark ( Light Em Up ) '' .   `` The Phoenix '' contains elements of Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich 's Symphony No. 7 in C major . Prior to its official release as a single , the song debuted at number 80 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 on the strength of digital sales and also charted in several other countries , including Australia , Canada and the United Kingdom . It won the Kerrang ! Award for Best Single in 2013 . This song is used in the gameplay trailer of the wrestling video game WWE 2K14 .

neg: Phoenix Productions Phoenix Productions is a New York based creative studio that produces advertising , television , film and video production company . The company was formed in 2005 by Chris Phoenix to create the show open and graphics package for Bravo 's Battle of the Network Reality Stars . It has since expanded into marketing , advertising and other programming , most notably the Comedy Central series Important Things With Demetri Martin and Jon Stewart 's `` Night of Too Many Stars '' .  The company bills itself as a combination creative agency , production company and post-production house .

neg: Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 .   Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) .   Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .

neg: Clay Pigeons Clay Pigeons is a 1998 crime-comedy film written by Matt Healy and directed by David Dobkin . The film stars Joaquin Phoenix , Vince Vaughn , and Janeane Garofalo .

neg: The Flight of the Phoenix (1965 film) The Flight of the Phoenix is a 1965 American drama film starring James Stewart , produced and directed by Robert Aldrich , and based on the 1964 novel The Flight of the Phoenix by Elleston Trevor . The story describes several men struggling to survive their aircraft 's emergency landing in the Sahara Desert , and stars Richard Attenborough , Peter Finch , Hardy Krüger and Ernest Borgnine . The ensemble cast includes Ian Bannen , Ronald Fraser , Christian Marquand , Dan Duryea and George Kennedy as other passengers on the aircraft .   Though the film was a failure at the box office , it has since gained a cult following .

neg: The Angry River The Angry River ( Chinese title : 鬼怒川 ) is a 1970 Hong Kong fantasy action film directed by Huang Feng . It was the first film produced by Golden Harvest .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Phoenix (2004 TV series) Phoenix ( , lit . Firebird ) is a 2004 drama/romance South Korean television series starring Lee Seo-jin , Lee Eun-ju , Jung Hye-young and Eric Mun . It aired on MBC from April 5 to June 29 , 2004 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 26 episodes .   It was about a couple who fell in love , but could n't be together . They meet years later and their fortunes are switched . In the end they have a serious talk and decide that it is finally `` the right time '' for them to be together again .   With average viewership ratings of 25.3 % and a peak of 31.4 % , Phoenix was among the top-rated Korean dramas that aired on MBC in 2004 . All four lead actors received acting recognition at the 2004 MBC Drama Awards .   This is the last TV appearance of actress Lee Eun-ju who committed suicide the following year .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Phoenix Fire Office Phoenix Assurance or Phoenix Fire Office was a fire insurance company founded in 1680 in England .   The history of the company includes the nostalga of red-coated attendants clattering to the fires of London on horse-drawn tenders .   The Phoenix figured in Case Law . In 1796 , the company refused to pay damages awarded of # 3,000 ( 2011 : # ) following a 1792 fire at a house in Tavistock Street , London . Phoenix claimed that the owners had failed to obtain a Certificate from the ministers and churchwardens of the parish affirming the good character of the victims . Phoenix issued a Writ of Error to appeal the original decision .   Sun Alliance & London acquired Phoenix Assurance in 1984 .

neg: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return .   The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince .   Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D .   As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .