query: London was originally a settlement.

pos: London London -LSB- ˈlʌndən -RSB- is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . It was founded by the Romans , who named it Londinium . London 's ancient core , the City of London , largely retains its 1.12 sqmi medieval boundaries . Since at least the 19th century , `` London '' has also referred to the metropolis around this core , historically split between Middlesex , Essex , Surrey , Kent , and Hertfordshire , which today largely makes up Greater London , See also : Independent city § National capitals . governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.The London Mayor is not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of London who heads the City of London Corporation , which administers the City of London .   London is a leading global city in the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism , and transportation . It is crowned as the world 's largest financial centre and has the fifth - or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.Rankings of cities by metropolitan area GDP can vary as a result of differences in the definition of the boundaries and population sizes of the areas compared , exchange rate fluctuations and the method used to calculate output . London and Paris are of broadly similar size in terms of total economic output which can result in third party sources varying as to which is the fifth-largest city GDP in the world . A report by the McKinsey Global Institute published in 2012 estimated that London had a city GDP of US$ 751.8 billion in 2010 , compared to US$ 764.2 billion for Paris , making them respectively the sixth - and fifth-largest in the world . A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers published in November 2009 estimated that London had a city GDP measured in purchasing power parity of US$ 565 billion in 2008 , compared to US$ 564 billion for Paris , making them respectively the fifth - and sixth-largest in the world . The McKinsey Global Institute study used a metropolitan area with a population of 14.9 million for London compared to 11.8 million for Paris , whilst the PricewaterhouseCoopers study used a metropolitan area with a population of 8.59 million for London compared to 9.92 million for Paris . London is a world cultural capital . It is the world 's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world 's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic . London is the world 's leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city . London 's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe . In 2012 , London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times .   London has a diverse range of people and cultures , and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region . Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population ( corresponding to Greater London ) was 8,673,713 , the largest of any city in the European Union , and accounting for 12.5 % of the UK population . London 's urban area is the second most populous in the EU , after Paris , with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census . The city 's metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants , while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region ( covering a large part of the south east ) as 22.7 million .  London was the world 's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925 .   London contains four World Heritage Sites : the Tower of London ; Kew Gardens ; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster , Westminster Abbey , and St Margaret 's Church ; and the historic settlement of Greenwich ( in which the Royal Observatory , Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian , 0 ° longitude , and GMT ) . Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace , the London Eye , Piccadilly Circus , St Paul 's Cathedral , Tower Bridge , Trafalgar Square , and The Shard . London is home to numerous museums , galleries , libraries , sporting events , and other cultural institutions , including the British Museum , National Gallery , Natural History Museum , Tate Modern , British Library , and West End theatres . The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world .

neg: Jewish cemeteries in London There are many Jewish cemeteries in London ; some are included in the List of cemeteries in London and this overview . Two cemeteries on London 's outskirts have a majority of former London Jewish residents and are listed here . The ` Magnificent Seven private cemeteries ' ( opened between 1832 -- 1841 ) were opened primarily to relieve Central London 's Anglican churchyards , many with later plots for other faiths such as at Highgate Cemetery where a number of international Jews of similar fame to some of those in the cemeteries below are buried . Brookwood Cemetery , Surrey opened in 1852 designated approximately half of the original cemetery to non-Anglicans .

neg: London Youth (Federation of London Youth Clubs) London Youth is a network of diverse community youth organisations and projects serving young people of all backgrounds right across the capital .   London Youth supports the contribution of community-based youth clubs and youth workers , providing them with information , advice and a wide range of accredited training .   The organisation grew from the ragged schools movement of the 19th century . During the twentieth century there were two separate charities , The Federation of Boys ' Clubs and The Union of Youth Clubs ( for girls ) , which partially grew out of the Soho Club for Working Girls based at 20 Frith Street , Soho . In 1999 these two organisations joined to create The Federation of London Youth Clubs though the organisation prefers to be called London Youth .   It works directly with young people to create `` eye-catching and innovative '' new opportunities in partnership with youth clubs and at its outdoor activity and training centres .   It also advocates on behalf of its members so that the daily experience of on-the-ground practitioners informs the thinking of policy makers and funders .

neg: Little London, Leeds Little London , is a residential area of Leeds , north of the city centre and Leeds Inner Ring Road . It is so called because in the 19th century it had fashionable housing and interesting architecture comparable with London . In the 1950s and 60s it became largely council housing . and now consists of a mixture of high-rise and low rise flats and houses . The area falls within the Hyde Park and Woodhouse ward of the City of Leeds Council . The area is divided into four estates ; Lovell Park , Oatlands , Carlton and Servia .

neg: History of journalism in the United Kingdom The history of journalism in the United Kingdom includes the gathering and transmitting of news , spans the growth of technology and trade , marked by the advent of specialized techniques for gathering and disseminating information on a regular basis . In the analysis of historians , it involves the steady increase of  the scope of news available to us and the speed with which it is transmitted .   Newspapers have always been the primary medium of journalists since 1700 , with magazines added in the 18th century , radio and television in the 20th century , and the Internet in the 21st century . London has always been the main center of British journalism , followed at a distance by Edinburgh , Belfast , Dublin , and regional cities .

neg: Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .

neg: Hampstead Hampstead ( -LSB- ˈhæmpstɪd -RSB- or -LSB- - stɛd -RSB- ) , commonly known as Hampstead Village , is an area of London , England , 4 mi northwest of Charing Cross . Part of the London Borough of Camden , it is known for its intellectual , liberal , artistic , musical and literary associations and for Hampstead Heath , a large , hilly expanse of parkland . It has some of the most expensive housing in the London area . The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom .

neg: Fresh Wharf Fresh Wharf was a wharf located in the City of London close to London Bridge , on the north bank of the River Thames . The site was used as a quay in Roman times and later as an unloading place for Anglo-Saxon boats . A wharf was constructed there at some point in the medieval period and appears to have acquired its name from its customary usage as a landing place for fresh fish . In the 16th century , Fresh Wharf was made a `` Legal Quay '' authorised for the import of certain goods during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England . It expanded as London 's river-borne trade grew in the 18th and 19th centuries , with large warehouses being established immediately behind the wharf . In the 20th century , the wharf 's owners took over the adjoining wharves immediately upstream and downstream , built a new ten-storey warehouse and renamed the site New Fresh Wharf . By the end of the 1960s , however , London 's docks had fallen into disuse with the advent of containerization , for which they were not suited , and the wharf was closed down in 1970 . An office block was built on the site of the warehouse in 1977 and the former quayside is now part of a public footpath along the Thames .

neg: Bristol slave trade Bristol is a city in the South West of England , on the River Avon which flows into the Severn Estuary . Because of Bristol 's position on the River Avon , it has been an important location for marine trade for centuries . The city 's involvement with the slave trade peaked between 1730 and 1745 , when it became the leading slaving port .   Bristol used its position on the Avon to trade all types of goods . Bristol 's port was the second largest in England after London . Countries that Bristol traded with included France , Spain , Ireland , Portugal , and North Africa 's Barbary Coast . Bristol 's main export was woollen cloth . Other exports included coal , lead , and animal hides . Imports into Bristol included wine , grain , slate , timber , and olive oil . Trading with the various colonies in the Caribbean and North America began to flourish during the Interregnum of Oliver Cromwell ( 1649 -- 1660 ) .   The Royal African Company , a London-based trading company , had control over all trade between countries in Britain and Africa before the year 1698 At this time , only ships owned by the Royal African Company could trade for anything , including slaves . Slaves were increasingly an important commodity at the time , since the British colonization in the Caribbean and the Americas in the 17th century . The Society of Merchant Venturers , an organization of elite merchants in Bristol , wanted to commence participation in the African slave trade , and after much pressure from them and other interested parties in and around Britain , the Royal African Company 's control over the slave trade was broken in 1698 .   As soon as the monopoly was broken , what is thought to have been the first `` legitimate '' Bristol slave ship , the Beginning , owned by Stephen Barker , purchased a cargo of enslaved Africans and delivered them to the Caribbean . Some average slave prices were # 20 , # 50 , or # 100 . In her will of 1693 , Jane Bridges , Widow of Leigh Upon Mendip bequeathes her interest of # 130 in this very ship to her grandson Thomas Bridges and indicates that the vessel was owned by the City of Bristol . Business boomed ; however , due to the over-crowding and harsh conditions on the ships , it is estimated that approximately half of each cargo of slaves did not survive the trip across the Atlantic .   The triangular trade was a route taken by slave merchants during the years 1697 and 1807 . The areas covered by the triangular trade was England , North West Africa and finally The Caribbean . Profits of 50-100 % were made during the 18th century . Over 500,000 slaves were brought into slavery by these ships , representing one-fifth of the British slave trade during this time .

neg: List of markets in London This is a list of markets in London . Greater London is home to a wealth of covered , outdoor and street markets . Many specialise in a particular type of goods or sell different things on different days . Most open very early in the morning and close early or late afternoon .   Markets in London have their origins in the middle ages and ancient charter ; set up to serve the population of the City of London . Over time , some emerged as wholesale markets serving specific market segments -- such as the sale of vegetables , meat , or fish . With an expanding metropolis in the 18th and 19th centuries , street markets were set up to meet the needs of the new suburbs . With the introduction of trams on the streets of London , these were moved ( sometimes forcibly ) into neighbouring side streets , or new covered markets .   The modern markets are regulated by the City and 32 London boroughs . Many have become ` general markets ' serving a range of goods .

neg: Coat of arms of the City of London The coat of arms of the City of London is the official coat of arms of the City of London , which is one of a number of cities and boroughs in Greater London .   The Corporation of the City of London has a full achievement of armorial bearings consisting of a shield on which the arms are displayed , a crest displayed on a helmet above the shield , supporters on either side and a motto displayed on a scroll beneath the arms .   The blazon of the arms is as follows :  Arms : Argent a cross gules , in the first quarter a sword in pale point upwards of the last .  Crest : On a wreath argent and gules a dragon 's sinister wing argent charged on the underside with a cross throughout gules .  Supporters : On either side a dragon argent charged on the undersides of the wings with a cross throughout gules .   The coat of arms is `` anciently recorded '' at the College of Arms . It was in use in 1381 , forming part of the design of a new mayoralty seal taken into use on 17 April of that year . The arms consist of a silver shield bearing a red cross with a red upright sword in the first quarter . They combine the emblems of the patron saints of England and London : the Cross of St George with the symbol of the martyrdom of Saint Paul . The 1381 arms replaced an earlier shield , found on a charter of 1319 , that depicted St Paul holding a sword . The sword is often erroneously supposed to commemorate the killing of Peasants ' Revolt leader Wat Tyler by Lord Mayor of London William Walworth . However the arms were in use some months before Tyler 's death , and the tradition that Walworth 's dagger is depicted may date from the late 17th century .   The crest and supporters came into use in the 17th century , but were used without authority until 30 April 1957 , when they were confirmed and granted by letters patent from the College of Arms .   The crest is a dragon 's wing bearing the cross of St George , borne upon a peer 's helmet . A primitive form of the crest first appeared in 1539 on the reverse of a new common seal . This showed a fan-like object bearing a cross . Over time this evolved into a dragon 's wing , and was shown as such in 1633 when it appeared above the city 's coat of arms in the frontispiece to the fourth edition of John Stow 's Survey of London . The wing is specified as a dragon 's left wing , i.e. its proper left wing ( which can be compared to heraldic left ) . It has been speculated that the use of a peer 's helmet ( rather than that of a gentleman , in other civic arms ) relates to the use of the honorific prefix `` The Right Honourable '' by the Lord Mayor . The helm was confirmed in 1957 . However , there are various representations of the arms being surmounted by a ` Muscovy Hat ' as worn by the City Swordbearer over the Stuart and Georgian period most notably as carved on the George Dance Porch of the Guildhall .   On the seal of 1381 two lions were shown supporting the arms . However , by 1609 the present supporters , two silver dragons bearing red crosses upon their wings , had been adopted . The dragons were probably suggested by the legend of Saint George and the Dragon .   The Latin motto of the City is `` Domine dirige nos '' , which translates as `` Lord , direct ( guide ) us '' . It appears to have been adopted in the 17th Century , as the earliest record of it is in 1633 .   A banner of the arms ( the design on the shield ) is flown as a flag of the City .

neg: London Councils London Councils is the local government association for Greater London , England . It is a cross-party organisation that represents London 's 32 borough councils and the City of London . It was formed in 1995 as a merger of the London Boroughs Association and the Association of London Authorities . In April 2000 it gained further functions as strategic local government in London was reorganised . London Councils is a think tank and lobbying organisation , and also provides some services directly through legislation that allows multiple local authorities to pool responsibility and funding . London Councils is based at 59 1/2 Southwark Street .

neg: Strand, London Strand ( or the Strand ) is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster , Central London . It runs just over 3/4 mi from Trafalgar Square eastwards to Temple Bar , where the road becomes Fleet Street inside the City of London , and is part of the A4 , a main road running west from inner London .   The road 's name comes from the Old English strond , meaning the edge of a river , as it historically ran alongside the north bank of the River Thames . The street was popular with the British upper classes between the 12th and 17th centuries , with many historically important mansions being built between the Strand and the river . These included Essex House , Arundel House , Somerset House , Savoy Palace , Durham House and Cecil House . The aristocracy moved to the West End over the 17th century , following which the Strand became well known for coffee shops , restaurants and taverns . The street was a centre point for theatre and music hall during the 19th century , and several venues remain on the Strand . At the east end of the street are two historic churches : St Mary le Strand and St Clement Danes .   Several authors , poets and philosophers have lived on or near the Strand , including Charles Dickens , Ralph Waldo Emerson and Virginia Woolf . The street has been commemorated in the song `` Let 's All Go Down the Strand '' , now recognised as a typical piece of Cockney music hall .

neg: London streets are paved with gold `` London streets are paved with gold '' is a saying that came from the 19th century story of Dick Whittington and his cat , loosely based on the 14th century Lord Mayor of London , Richard Whittington . The saying , which expresses the idea of a `` land of opportunity '' , is partly ironic , since Dick Whittington found when he went to London that the streets were in fact grimy and poverty stricken . The second irony was that with persistence , belief , and luck , Whittington was able to become successful .   The origin of the phrase may be Revelation 12:21 , where the New Jerusalem is described : `` The twelve gates were twelve pearls , and each gate was made of a single pearl . The street of the city was made of pure gold , as clear as glass . '' ( International Standard Version )

neg: Indian community of London British Indians form the largest ethno-national group in London with a population of around 542,857 or 6.6 % of the population . The majority are concentrated in West London , home to London 's Hindu community , though populations can be found throughout London .

neg: London Borough of Croydon The London Borough of Croydon is a London borough in south London , England and is part of Outer London . It covers an area of 87 km2 and is the largest London borough by population . It is the southernmost borough of London . At its centre is the historic town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name . Croydon is mentioned in Domesday Book , and from a small market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London . Croydon is the civic centre of the borough . The borough is now one of London 's leading business , financial and cultural centres , and its influence in entertainment and the arts contribute to its status as a major metropolitan centre .   Formed in 1965 from the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and the County Borough of Croydon , the local authority Croydon London Borough Council , is now part of the local government association for Greater London , London Councils . The economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as a business centre . Once London 's main airport for all international flights to and from the capital , it was closed on 30 September 1959 due to the lack of expansion space needed for an airport to serve the growing city . It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction . Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954 , 2000 , 2002 and 2012 . The area is currently going through a large regeneration project called Croydon Vision 2020 which is predicted to attract more businesses and tourists to the area as well as backing Croydon 's bid to become London 's Third City ( after ` The City ' and Westminster ) . Croydon is mostly urban , though there are large suburban and rural uplands in the south . Since 2003 Croydon has been certified as a Fairtrade borough by the Fairtrade Foundation . It was the first London Borough to have Fairtrade status which is awarded on certain criteria .   The area is one of the hearts of culture in London and the South East of England . Institutions such as the major arts and entertainment centre Fairfield Halls add to the vibrancy of the borough . However , its famous fringe theatre `` the Warehouse Theatre '' was put under administration in 2012 when the council withdrew its funding and the building itself was demolished in 2013 . The Croydon Clocktower was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 as an arts venue featuring a library , the independent David Lean Cinema ( closed by the council in 2011 after 16 years of operating , but now partially reopened on a part-time and volunteers basis ) and museum . From 2000 to 2010 , Croydon staged an annual summer festival celebrating the area 's black and Indian cultural diversity , with audiences reaching over 50,000 people . An internet radio station , Croydon Radio , is run by local people for the area . The borough is also home to its own local TV station , Croydon TV . Premier League football club Crystal Palace F.C. play at Selhurst Park in South Norwood , a stadium they have been based in since 1924 . Other landmarks in the borough include Addington Palace , an 18th-century mansion which became the official second residence of six archbishops , Shirley Windmill , one of the few surviving large windmills in Greater London built in the 1850s , and the BRIT School , a creative arts institute run by the BRIT Trust which has produced artists such as Adele , Amy Winehouse and Leona Lewis .

neg: London County London County may refer to :   Greater London , England , a present-day county  City of London , England , a city-county , and enclave of Greater London  County of London , England , a former county  London County Cricket Club , a short-lived English cricket club

neg: Barking Barking is a suburban town in England , and forms part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham . It is 8.8 mi east of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan . It was historically a fishing and agrarian settlement in the county of Essex and formed an ancient parish . Its economic history is characterised by a shift to market gardening , and industrial development to the south adjacent to the River Thames . The railway station opened in 1854 and has been served by the London Underground since 1908 . As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century , Barking significantly expanded and increased in population , primarily due to the development of the London County Council estate at Becontree in the 1920s , and it became a municipal borough in 1931 , and part of Greater London in 1965 . In addition to an extensive and fairly low-density residential area , the town centre forms a large retail and commercial district , currently a focus for regeneration . The former industrial lands to the south are being redeveloped as Barking Riverside .

neg: Ealing Ealing ( -LSB- ˈiːlɪŋ -RSB- ) is a district of west London , England , located 7.9 mi west of Charing Cross . It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Ealing , and identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Plan .   Ealing was historically a rural village in the county of Middlesex and formed an ancient parish . Improvement in communications with London , culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838 , shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development .   As part of the growth of London in the 20th century , Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population , becoming a municipal borough in 1901 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965 . It now forms a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night time economy . Ealing has the characteristics of both suburban and inner-city developments . Ealing 's town centre is often colloquial with Ealing Broadway , the name of both a rail interchange & a shopping centre .   Most of Ealing , including the commercial district , South Ealing , Ealing Common , Montpelier , Pitshanger and most of Hanger Hill fall under the W5 postcode . Areas to the north-west of the town centre such as Argyle Road and West Ealing fall under W13 instead . A small section north-east of the town centre , near Hanger Hill , falls under the NW10 postcode area . The population of Ealing ( not including Hanwell and Northfields ) , comprising the Ealing Broadway , Ealing Common , Cleveland , Walpole and Hanger Hill wards , was 71,492 in the 2011 census . The area of Hanwell is strongly associated with Ealing ; however , it is a separate district with its own postcode . Northfields on the other hand , despite sharing postcodes with Ealing is generally considered to be a separate area in its own right .

neg: St Paul Covent Garden St Paul Covent Garden was a civil parish in the metropolitan area of London , England . The former area of the parish now corresponds to the Covent Garden market and surrounding streets in the City of Westminster .

neg: Croydon Croydon is a large town in south London , England , 9.5 mi south of Charing Cross . The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon , it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London , with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy . Its population of 52,104 at the 2011 census includes the wards of Addiscombe , Broad Green and Fairfield .   Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey , at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church , a mill , and around 365 inhabitants , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production , leather tanning and brewing . The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world 's first public railway . Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon 's growth as a commuter town for London . By the early 20th century , Croydon was an important industrial area , known for car manufacture , metal working and Croydon Airport . In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy , brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre , the largest shopping centre in London until 2008 . Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965 .   Croydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England , to the north of two gaps in the North Downs , one followed by the A23 Brighton Road through Purley and Merstham and the main railway line and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange . Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre , mostly consisting of the North End . East Croydon is a major hub of the national railway transport system , with frequent fast services to central London , Brighton and the south coast . The town is unique in Greater London for its Tramlink light rail transport system .


query: The Nintendo Switch is versatile.

pos: Nintendo Switch The Nintendo Switch is the seventh major home video game console developed by Nintendo . Known in development by its codename NX , it was unveiled in October 2016 and was released worldwide on March 3 , 2017 . Nintendo considers the Switch a `` hybrid '' console ; it is designed primarily as a home console , with the main unit inserted onto a docking station to connect to a television . Alternatively , it can be removed from the dock and used similarly to a tablet computer through its LCD touchscreen , or placed in a standalone tabletop mode visible to several players . The Switch uses Joy-Con wireless controllers , which include standard buttons and a directional joystick for user input , motion sensing , and high-definition tactile feedback . The Joy-Con can attach to both sides of the console to support handheld-style play , connect to a Grip accessory to provide a traditional home console gamepad form , or be used individually in the hand like the Wii Remote and supporting local multiplayer modes . The Switch 's software supports online gaming through standard Internet connectivity , as well as local wireless ad hoc connectivity with other Switch consoles . Switch games and software are available on both physical flash ROM cartridges and digital distribution , and does not use region locking .   The concept of the Switch came about as Nintendo 's reaction to several quarters of financial losses into 2014 , attributed to poor sales of its previous console , the Wii U , and market competition from mobile gaming . Then-Nintendo president Satoru Iwata pushed the company towards mobile gaming and novel hardware . The Switch 's design is aimed at a wider demographic of video game players through the multiple modes of use , while retaining Nintendo 's hardware uniqueness and innovation . Nintendo opted to use more standard electronic components , such as a chipset based on Nvidia 's Tegra line , to make development for the console easier for programmers and more compatible with existing game engines . As the Wii U had struggled to gain external support leaving it with a weak software library , Nintendo preemptively sought the support of many third-party developers and publishers to help build out the Switch 's game library alongside Nintendo 's own first-party titles , including many independent video game studios . Prior to launch , Nintendo had announced that over 100 titles were in development by 70 developers .   The console shipped over 2.74 million units in the first month of its launch , exceeding Nintendo 's initial projection of 2 million units , and making it the fastest-selling home console in its history . Switch sales were highly tied to the critically acclaimed The Legend of Zelda : Breath of the Wild , released alongside the console 's launch worldwide .

neg: Custom Robo Arena Custom Robo Arena , known in Japan as , is a science fiction action role playing game for the Nintendo DS . It is the fifth title in the Custom Robo series . The name was announced on May 9 , 2006 at the E3 convention , and released in Japan on October 19 , 2006 , then later in the United States on March 19 , 2007 . Later , on May 25 , 2007 , it became the first ( and only , so far ) Custom Robo title released in Europe , and on September 20 , 2007 , it also became the first ( and only , so far ) title of the series released in Australia .   In the game , the player participates in Custom Robo tournaments and tries to earn money to buy parts to use to improve their robo . The game is the first in the series that features two-player mode with the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection including voice chat , Multi-Card play , and DS Download Play . Custom Robo Arena also uses a `` Rivals '' list .

neg: Game Boy Printer The Game Boy Printer , known in Japan as the , is a thermal printer accessory released by Nintendo in 1998 , which ceased being manufactured in early 2003 . The Game Boy Printer is compatible with all the Game Boy systems except the Game Boy Micro , and is designed to be used in conjunction with the Game Boy Camera . It also prints images from compatible late-generation Game Boy and Game Boy Color games ( listed below ) . It runs on six AA batteries and uses a special 3.8 cm wide thermal paper with adhesive backing , sold in white , red , yellow and blue colors . In Japan , a bright yellow Pokémon version of the Game Boy Printer was released , featuring a feed button in the style of a Poké Ball .   Mad Catz sells a kit that enables users to connect a Game Boy to a PC and print images using the PC 's printer . Hobbyists outside the UK can also make their own cable for uploading images to their computer . A Game Boy Printer emulator is needed for the Game Boy to interface with the PC once linked via cable . The Game Boy Printer Paper has also been discontinued , and rolls of the genuine article that still produce a reliable image are becoming more difficult to find . Regular thermal paper , such as the kind used for POS terminals , can be cut to the proper width and used successfully with the Game Boy Printer .   The system will print a test message reading `` Hello '' if it is turned on while the feed button is held . According to the manual , this is used to test if the printer is functioning properly . To get around using six AA batteries ( 1.5 volts each ) for the printer , a single 9V battery can be used if wired properly , because the printer requires 9V DC .

neg: Nintendo Nintendo Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto , Japan . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization . Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi , it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels . The word Nintendo can be roughly translated from Japanese to English as `` leave luck to heaven '' .   Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s , ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan 's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $ 85 billion . From 1992 until 2016 , Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball 's Seattle Mariners .   , Nintendo has cumulative sales of over 670.43 million hardware units and 4.23 billion software units . The company has created and released some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , and Pokémon .

neg: NES Four Score The NES Four Score is a multitap accessory created by Nintendo in 1990 for the Nintendo Entertainment System . Select games can utilize it to enable up to four-player gameplay . The NES Four Score is similar to the previously introduced NES Satellite , a device that allows four players to connect to the NES and extends the range using infrared wireless communication .   Prior to the advent of multitap support on NES , the NES games which support more than two players , require the players to pair up and then alternate turns while sharing the same pair of NES controllers . Some games that originally feature support for more than two players , such as some arcade games , support only two simultaneous players in their NES versions .   On the NES Four Score , there is an option to switch between two-player and four-player modes , and there are turbo A and B buttons that give any of the connected controllers a rapid fire boost . The NES Four Score can also be used as a controller extension cable because the wire which leads from the accessory to the NES is several feet in length .

neg: Analogue Nt The Analogue Nt is an aftermarket Nintendo Entertainment System and Famicom designed and manufactured by Seattle based company Analogue , Inc. . Designed around the original Nintendo CPU and PPU , the Analogue Nt is the only aftermarket NES and Famicom system that is not designed using emulation , since it uses the original Nintendo CPU and PPU . The goal of the system was to build a perfect , no-compromises aftermarket NES and Famicom . The default model was released with RGB ( RGB , Component , S-Video and Composite ) video outputs only , with an additional `` add-on '' for 1080p HDMI output and a plethora of other digital features . The Analogue Nt 's enclosure is solid aluminum unibody enclosure manufactured from 6061 aluminum .   After sellout of the original Analogue Nt , Analogue announced the Analogue Nt mini , which is 20 % smaller than the original . The mini includes RGB & HDMI outputs but , according to Analogue 's website , does n't use the original Nintendo CPU & PPU : `` The core functionality of the original NES is engineered directly into an Altera Cyclone V , a sophisticated FPGA . ''

neg: Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus .   It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard .   It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests .   The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .

neg: Switch (Iggy Azalea song) `` Switch '' is a song recorded by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea featuring Brazilian singer Anitta , from her upcoming second studio album , Digital Distortion . It was released on 19 May 2017 , by Def Jam as the third single from the album . `` Switch '' was written by Azalea with Anton Hård af Segerstad , Akil King , Christopher Martin , Christopher Wallace , Jalacy J. Hawkins , Georgia Ku , Kyle Owens and Maurice `` Verse '' Simmonds . It was produced by The Family and Eric Weaver . `` Switch '' is a pop song , with a tropical vibe and Latin flavor , having in its instrumentation bass , plucky strings , bongos , and hand claps .

neg: List of Wii games on Wii U eShop This is a list of current and upcoming Wii games that are available on Wii U for download from the Nintendo eShop . These games utilize the backward compatibility of Wii U with Wii games in order to run , albeit do not need to explicitly access Wii Mode . Games that can be played with the Classic Controller can also be played using the Wii U GamePad as a controller instead . The download variants can also support any save files created on or transferred to the Wii U from any respective disc variant of the same title . Although similar to Virtual Console titles in some ways , these games are not technically part of Virtual Console as they run on native hardware rather than by emulation , and are not branded as such either , albeit only Nintendo of America had since started branding these re-releases as `` Wii Virtual Console '' titles .   The games are sorted by title . To sort by other columns , click the corresponding icon in the header row .

neg: Music video game A music video game , also commonly known as a music game , is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player 's interactions with a musical score or individual songs . Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of `` rhythmically generated puzzles '' .   Strong support for the convergence of live music and video games is evident with the success of the Video Games Live concert series . Emergent games for live concert performance , `` game-scores '' , augment traditional western music notation with the dramatic elements of animation , interactivity , graphic elements and aleatoric principles ( Anigraphical Music ) . The concept of incorporating game theory and music is not new and can be traced back to Musikalisches Würfelspiel .   Music video games are distinct from purely audio games ( e.g. the 1997 Sega Saturn release Real Sound : Kaze no Regret ) in that they feature a visual feedback , to lead the player through the game 's soundtrack , although eidetic music games can fall under both categories .

neg: Forward compatibility Forward compatibility is a design characteristic that allows a system to accept input intended for a later version of itself . The concept can be applied to entire systems , electrical interfaces , telecommunication signals , data communication protocols , file formats , and computer programming languages . A standard supports forward compatibility if a product that complies with earlier versions can `` gracefully '' process input designed for later versions of the standard ; the ability of a system to select known input and ignore unknown input also depends on whether the new standard is backward compatible .   The objective for forward compatible technology is for old devices to recognise when data has been generated for new devices .   Forward compatibility is not the same as extensibility . A forward compatible design can process at least some of the data from a future version of itself . An extensible design makes upgrading easy . An example of both design ideas can be found in web browsers . At any point in time , a current browser is forward compatible if it gracefully accepts a newer version of HTML . Whereas how easily the browser code can be upgraded to process the newer HTML determines how extensible it is .

neg: List of Google Play edition devices The Google Play edition devices ( GPE ) is a series of consumer mobile devices sanctioned by Google that run the Android operating system . Unlike the standard versions of Android on these devices , which have received `` skins '' from the original equipment manufacturer , such as Samsung TouchWiz or HTC Sense , they run a `` stock '' version of Android , without any manufacturer or wireless carrier modifications , making them essentially like Google Nexus devices in terms of software but do not carry the Google Nexus branding , nor does their hardware differ from that of the original devices upon which the Play editions are based . Because of this , the software includes slight , under-the-hood changes to function on the original manufacturer 's hardware .   These devices are carrier unlocked and GSM-based , and have been offered exclusively through Google 's Play Store . Updates for these devices are delivered by Google ( bypassing carriers ) , but are supplied by the original device manufacturer .  Although the updates are not supplied directly by Google , as is the case with the products from the Nexus line , these devices receive Android updates at nearly the same time as Nexus products .   In January 2015 , Google stopped selling their final Google Play edition phone . While Google never officially announced the end of the program , no new phones have been announced since .

neg: Neo Geo , stylised as NEO ・ GEO , also written as NEOGEO , is a family of video game hardware developed by SNK . On the market from 1990 to 2004 , the brand originated with the release of an arcade system , the Neo Geo MVS and its home console counterpart , the Neo Geo AES . Both the arcade system and console were powerful for the time and the AES allows for perfect compatibility of games released for the MVS . However , the high price point for both the AES console and its games prevented it from directly competing with its contemporaries , the Sega Mega Drive ( Genesis ) , Super NES ( Super Famicom ) , and Turbo-Grafx 16 ( PC Engine ) . However the MVS arcade became very successful in stores in Japan and North America .   Years later , SNK would release the Neo Geo CD , a more cost effective console with games released on compact discs . The console was met with limited success , due in part to its slow CD-ROM drive . In an attempt to compete with increasingly popular 3D games , SNK released the Hyper Neo Geo 64 arcade system in 1997 as the successor to its aging MVS . The system did not fare well and only a few games were released for it . A planned home console based on the hardware was never released . SNK later extended the brand by releasing two handheld consoles , the Neo Geo Pocket , and later Neo Geo Pocket Color , which briefly competed with Nintendo 's Game Boy . Soon after their release , SNK encountered various legal and financial issues - however the original Neo Geo MVS and AES continued getting new games under new ownership until officially being discontinued in 2004 , ending the brand .   Regardless of the failure of later Neo Geo hardware , games for the original MVS and AES have been well received . The system spawned several long-running and critically acclaimed series , mostly 2D fighters , including Fatal Fury , Art of Fighting , Samurai Shodown and The King of Fighters , as well as popular games in other genres such as the Metal Slug and Baseball Stars series . In December 2012 , SNK Playmore released a handheld console based on the original AES , the Neo Geo X . As of March 1997 , the Neo Geo had sold 980,000 units worldwide . The Neo Geo Pocket Color also has been given praise for multiple innovations , and a very substantial library , despite its short life .

neg: Bit.Trip Bit.Trip , stylized BIT.TRIP , is a series of seven video games developed by Choice Provisions ( or under their previous name Gaijin Games ) and published by Aksys Games for the Wii , Nintendo 3DS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PS Vita , and PS4 . It was published by Arc System Works for WiiWare and Nintendo eShop in Japan , and by Namco Networks America Inc for the iPhone , iPod Touch and iPad . Each game revolves around the adventures of a character named `` Commander Video '' , and features `` a crazy mix of 80s aesthetics and modern game design '' . The styles of the games range from pong-like , to platforming , and shooting . Each game in the series features a chiptune-inspired soundtrack , but a different style of rhythm-based gameplay in each . Most games in the series have few levels ; Beat , Core , Void and Flux have only three levels each while Fate has six and Runner has 36 . Most of the games feature levels lasting between 10 and 25 minutes to make up for having such few levels . The games also consists of 8 modes , Nether , Hyper , Mega , Super , Ultra , Extra , Giga , and Meta , which changes based on how well the player does . Each successive game adds a new mode , the highest being Mega in Beat , and Meta in Flux .

neg: IPod Touch The iPod Touch ( stylized and marketed as iPod touch ) is an iOS-based all-purpose handheld PC designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a user interface that is touchscreen-based . It can be used as a music and video player , digital camera , handheld game device , and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) . It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations , does not use cellular network data , and is therefore not a smartphone , though it has a similar design to the iPhone and is often referred to as the `` iPhone without a phone '' . Furthermore , it does not fit in Apple 's iPhone accessories such as their leather cases . As of May 2013 , 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold . It is also the most popular iPod model .   iPod touch models are sold by storage space and color , with all models of the same generation typically offering otherwise identical features , processors , and performance , in addition to available operating system upgrades ; an exception was the fifth generation , as the low-end ( 16 GB ) model was initially sold without a rear-facing camera . The current iPod touch is the sixth-generation model , released on July 15 , 2015 .

neg: Many-to-many The many-to-many communication paradigm is one of three major Internet computing paradigms , characterized by multiple users contributing and receiving information , with the information elements often interlinked across different websites . Developments such as file sharing , blogs , Wikis , and tagging are media forms that reflect this paradigm ; these contrast with both the one-to-one ( characterized by e-mail , FTP , and Telnet ) and one-to-many ( characterized by websites ) paradigms .   With the evolution to the full `` many-to-many '' computing paradigm , people can input and receive information to and from the Internet ; they will be able to connect and communicate dynamically within a flexibly formed scope ; there will be no artificial boundary between information and communication tools , and the definition of `` many '' will go well beyond people to include entities such as organizations , products , processes , events , and concepts .

neg: Sonic Generations Sonic Generations is a platform video game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows . The Nintendo 3DS version of the game was developed by Dimps . The game commemorates the 20th anniversary of the Sonic the Hedgehog series , and was released in North America , Europe and Australia in November 2011 , and in Japan the following month . In 2012 , the game was made available for digital download on the PlayStation Network and Xbox 360 Games on Demand services , as well as on the Nintendo eShop the following year .   Sonic Generations follows Sonic and his sidekick Miles `` Tails '' Prower , who team with their past selves as they attempt to restore the space-time continuum after it is torn apart by an entity known as the Time Eater . The game features two gameplay modes : `` Classic '' , which plays from a 2.5 D side-scrolling perspective like that of the original Sega Genesis Sonic games , and `` Modern '' , 3D levels similar to those found in Sonic Unleashed and Sonic Colors . Each location and boss in the game is one previously seen in an earlier entry in the series , with the game including numerous other references to past titles in the series .   The console versions of Sonic Generations received positive reviews from critics , who praised its graphics , gameplay , and homages to past Sonic games , although criticism was directed at the game 's short length and occasional framerate issues ; the 3DS version received a more mixed reception . The game was also a commercial success , selling over 1.85 million copies across all platforms by May 2012 .

neg: Walkman Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape players in the late 1970s . In the 2010s , it was used to market Sony 's portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones . The original Walkman actually introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry recorded music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones . Owners of the Walkman were able to take back their `` lost '' time , commuting for example , and turn it into a pleasurable experience , or add a soundtrack to their urban surroundings . It was the privatization and personalization offered by the Walkman that led to its success . The Walkman has gained popularity in recent years because in the 2014 film `` Guardians Of The Galaxy '' and it 's 2017 predecessor `` Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol . 2 , '' the main character uses a Walkman and cassette to listen to his music .   The prototype was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka . Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans-Pacific plane trips , and presented the idea to Kihara . The original idea for a portable stereo is credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel . The first Walkman was marketed in 1979 in Japan , using the name Walkman . From 1980 , it was known as the Soundabout in many other countries including the US , Freestyle in Sweden , and the Stowaway in the UK . Advertising , despite all the foreign languages , still attracted thousands of buyers in the US specifically . Sony President and co-founder Akio Morita hated the name `` Walkman '' and asked that it be changed , but relented after being told by junior executives that a promotion campaign had already begun using the brand name and that it would be too expensive to change .   The names `` Walkman '' , `` Pressman '' , `` Watchman '' , `` Scoopman '' , `` Discman '' , and `` Talkman '' are trademarks of Sony , and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company . The name `` Walkman '' was based on its precursor , the Pressman tape recorder . An initial prototype of the Walkman was in fact made by replacing the monophonic recording circuit , head and speaker from the Pressman with a stereo playback-only head and amplifier . Sony continues to use the `` Walkman '' brand name for most of their portable audio devices , after the `` Discman '' name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s .

neg: WonderSwan The is a handheld game console released in Japan by Bandai . It was developed by Gunpei Yokoi 's company Koto Laboratory and Bandai , and was the last piece of hardware Yokoi developed before his death in 1997 . Released in 1999 in the fifth generation of video game consoles , the WonderSwan and its two later models , the WonderSwan Color and SwanCrystal were officially supported until being discontinued by Bandai in 2003 . During its lifespan , no variation of the WonderSwan was released outside Japan .   Powered by a 16-bit central processing unit , the WonderSwan took advantage of a low price point and long battery life in comparison to its competition , Nintendo 's Game Boy Color and SNK 's Neo Geo Pocket Color . Later improvements took advantage of quality upgrades to the handheld 's screen and added color . The WonderSwan is playable both vertically and horizontally , and features a unique library of games , including numerous first-party titles based on licensed anime properties , as well as significant third-party support from Square , Namco , and Taito .   Overall , the WonderSwan in all its variations combined to sell an estimated 3.5 million units and managed to obtain as much as 8 % of the Japanese handheld video game console market before being marginalized by Nintendo 's Game Boy Advance . Retrospective feedback praises the potential of the WonderSwan despite its low sales and its brief time holding its own against Nintendo in the marketplace .

neg: Tk (software) Tk is a free and open-source , cross-platform widget toolkit that provides a library of basic elements of GUI widgets for building a graphical user interface ( GUI ) in many programming languages .   Tk provides a number of widgets commonly needed to develop desktop applications , such as button , menu , canvas , text , frame , label , etc. . Tk has been ported to run on most flavors of Linux , Mac OS , Unix , and Microsoft Windows . Like Tcl , Tk supports Unicode within the Basic Multilingual Plane but it has not yet been extended to handle 32-bit Unicode .   Tk was designed to be extended , and a wide range of extensions are available that offer new widgets or other capabilities .   Since Tcl/Tk 8 , it offers `` native look and feel '' ( for instance , menus and buttons are displayed in the manner of `` native '' software for any given platform ) . Highlights of version 8.5 include a new theming engine , originally called Tk Tile , but now generally referred to as `` themed Tk '' , as well as improved font rendering . Highlights of version 8.6 include PNG support and angled text .

neg: Pokémon notice is a media franchise managed by The Pokémon Company , a Japanese consortium between Nintendo , Game Freak , and Creatures . The franchise copyright is shared by all three companies , but Nintendo is the sole owner of the trademark . The franchise was created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1995 , and is centered on fictional creatures called `` Pokémon '' , which humans , known as Pokémon Trainers , catch and train to battle each other for sport .   The franchise began as a pair of video games for the original Game Boy that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo . It now spans video games , trading card games , animated television shows and movies , comic books , and toys . Pokémon is the second best-selling video game franchise , behind only Nintendo 's Mario franchise and the highest-grossing media franchise of all time . The franchise is also represented in other Nintendo media , such as the Super Smash Bros. series .   Cumulative sales of the video games ( including home console games , such as Hey You , Pikachu ! for the Nintendo 64 ) have reached more than 290 million copies . In November 2005 , 4Kids Entertainment , which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon , announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement . The Pokémon Company International ( formerly Pokémon USA Inc. ) , a subsidiary of Japan 's Pokémon Co. , oversees all Pokémon licensing outside of Asia . As of May 2016 , the Pokémon franchise has grossed revenues of ¥ 6.0 trillion worldwide ( equivalent to US$ 50.4 billion ) .   The franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2006 . 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the release of the original games , with the company celebrating by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 , issuing re-releases of Pokémon Red , Blue , and Yellow , and completely redesigning the way the newest games are played . The mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go was released in July 2016 . The first seventh-generation games Pokémon Sun and Moon were released worldwide on November 18 , 2016 . A live-action film adaptation based on Great Detective Pikachu is planned to start production in 2017 . The English slogan for the franchise is `` Got ta Catch 'Em All '' .


query: Jenna Dewan is a person from America.

pos: Jenna Dewan Jenna Dewan Tatum ( -LSB- də ` wɑːn _ ` teɪtəm -RSB- born Jenna Lee Dewan ; December 3 , 1980 ) is an American actress and dancer . She began her career as a backup dancer for Janet Jackson , and later worked with artists including Pink , Missy Elliott , and Christina Aguilera . She is known for her role as Nora in the 2006 film Step Up . She has also starred on the short-lived NBC series The Playboy Club and had a recurring role on the FX series American Horror Story : Asylum . She was Freya Beauchamp on the Lifetime series Witches of East End and as of 2016 was playing the recurring role of Lucy Lane in Supergirl .

neg: Jenna Blum Jenna Blum ( born c. 1970 ) is an American writer notable for her novels Those Who Save Us and The Stormchasers . In 2013 she was selected by the Modern Scholar series to teach an audio lecture course entitled The Author at Work : The Art of Writing Fiction . In addition , Blum leads novelists as part of the Grub Street writing center , a Boston-based workshop for writers .   Blum grew up with a Jewish father and part-German mother in the United States . She lived in Minnesota for four years . She taught creative writing and communications writing at Boston University and also taught fiction and novel workshops for Grub Street Writers in Boston since 1997 . Her first novel Those Who Save Us was published in hardcover by Harcourt in 2004 and in paperback in 2005 and explored how non-Jewish Germans dealt with the Holocaust ; according to one account , it shows the `` grace and brutality of human interaction in desperate times , '' and was described as having `` wonderful prose '' with `` strongly developed characters . '' It was a New York Times bestseller as well as the bestselling book in the Netherlands for one year .

neg: Danielle Cadena Deulen Danielle Cadena Deulen ( born 1979 ) is an American poet and essayist .

neg: National Missing and Unidentified Persons System National Missing and Unidentified Persons System , abbreviated as NamUs , is a clearing house for missing persons and unidentified decedent records in the United States , a part of the Department of Justice . NamUs also provides free DNA testing and other forensic services , such as anthropology and odontology assistance .   In 2005 , the National Institute of Justice assembled for a national strategy meeting regarding missing persons in the United States ; they called the meeting `` Identifying the Missing Summit . '' Forensic scientists , policymakers , victim advocates and law enforcement officials discussed the challenges and strategies for solving missing person cases and identifying unidentified decedent cases . From there the Deputy Attorney General created a task force , The National Missing Persons Task Force , and encouraged the U.S Department of Justice to find prominent tools that will help solve these cases . NamUs was created , subsequently .   The NamUs database was created in three phases ; in Phase III , released in 2009 , the system became fully searchable and open to the public .   Through NamUs , users will have access to three databases : Unidentified Persons database , Missing Persons database and an UnClaimed Persons database .   In the database users can search by state , date last seen , circumstances , physical/medical characteristics , clothing and accessories , sex , ethnicity , race and more , in order to locate or search for a potential match or personal profile . Each missing person and unidentified person have their own four digit code number . If a potential match is found , users can notify and submit the potential match to case managers , local law enforcement agencies or NamUs regional administrators . If a potential match has been ruled out it will appear on the unidentified person 's profile , under the section `` exclusions . ''   The issue of unidentified remains in the United States has been coined `` the Nation 's Silent Mass Disaster . '' There are approximately 40,000 unidentified human remains that have been buried or cremated before being identified . Furthering the problem of identification , in 2004 , less than half of the nation 's medical examiner 's offices had policies for retaining DNA , x-rays , or fingerprints of unidentified persons . Another issue that has left remains unidentified has been the reporting of missing persons . Those who go missing over the 18 are not required to be reported - reporting them is voluntary . Consequently , there has been a low rate of reported adult cases through NCIC ( the National Crime Information Center ) . Ultimately NamUs is working together with the public and national level databases to incorporate the records of missing persons and meet the challenges of non-reporting .   Currently , there have been 16,080 missing person cases on file through NamUs . , 60.46 % , or 9,723 of them remain open and unsolved . Of the closed cases , 665 , or 10.46 % , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database .   Furthermore , there have been 10,714 unidentified persons cases on filed through NamUs . , 88.66 % , or 9,500 , remain open and unidentified . Of the closed cases , 285 , or 23.495 , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database .

neg: Darcy Richardson Darcy G. Richardson ( born December 6 , 1955 ) is an American author , historian and political activist .   In the 2012 presidential election , Richardson challenged incumbent Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in five states . He was later a candidate for the presidential nomination of the Reform Party of the United States of America .

neg: Chinese Americans Chinese Americans , which includes American-born Chinese , are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry . Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans , which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans . Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China , Hong Kong , Macau , Taiwan , as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora , especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada , United Kingdom , Australia , New Zealand , and Brazil .   The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside of Asia . It is also the third largest in the Chinese diaspora , behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia . The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans , comprising 25.9 % of the Asian American population as of 2010 . Americans of Chinese descent , including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.2 % of the total U.S. population as of 2010 . According to the 2010 census , the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million . In 2010 , half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York .

neg: Better for America Better for America ( BFA ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 4 ) non-profit organization that was dedicated to getting nationwide ballot access for an independent candidate for President of the United States in the 2016 election . The effort was inspired by the unpopularity of the two major party nominees , Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton , and was seen as part of the Stop Trump movement .   The organization 's initial strategy was to gain ballot access in states that do not require a candidate to be named , and then name its candidate after the major party conventions . The candidate was planned to be named by an advisory board rather than through traditional primary elections , or through a crowdsourcing effort like the failed Americans Elect effort in the 2012 election . On August 8 , 2016 , it was reported that Evan McMullin , an anti-Trump Republican and former Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) official , would be Better for America 's nominee . McMullin was officially nominated on August 24 .   In July , the organization filed petitions in two states , New Mexico and Arkansas . By early August , Arkansas had accepted the petition , while New Mexico had rejected the petition because it did not have enough valid signatures , although the New Mexico decision was challenged in court . On August 22 , the organization announced that it was ceasing further ballot access efforts . On September 8 , the New Mexico Secretary of State reversed his decision and placed Better For America on the ballot .   Notable people involved in the organization include conservative donor John Kingston III and former New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman . Lawrence Lessig and Randy Barnett expressed their support for the organization in a Time opinion piece .

neg: Dew Tour The Dew Tour is an extreme sports circuit organized by the TEN : The Enthusiast Network .

neg: The DVF Awards The DVF Awards , supported by The Diller-von Furstenberg Family Foundation , are given annually to provide recipients with the exposure and resources necessary to extend their efforts on behalf of women all over the world . The DVF Awards were conceived by Diane von Furstenberg in 2010 with the goal of honoring women who have displayed leadership , strength , and courage in their commitment to their causes . Every year , each Honoree receives a $ 50,000 grant from the Foundation to further their work . The inaugural DVF Awards were presented on March 13 , 2010 at a ceremony hosted by Diane von Fürstenberg and Tina Brown at the United Nations on the closing night of The Women in the World Summit .  Each year , two DVF Awards are given to women within The Vital Voices Global Partnership . In addition , the Inspiration Award is given to a woman who has demonstrated strength and courage in the face of adversity , and is using her experience and influence to effect positive change . The People 's Voice Award is also given annually to a woman chosen from a field of nominees selected by The DVF Awards Board of Advisors and voted on by the public at DVFAwards.com . The Lifetime Leadership Award honors an individual who has dedicated her life and body of work to instilling in other women the courage to fight , the power to survive and the leadership to inspire . Past recipients include Gloria Steinem , Ingrid Betancourt , Hillary Clinton , Oprah Winfrey and Robin Roberts .   Presenters at The DVF Awards have included Meryl Streep , Iman , Olivia Wilde , Jessica Alba , Deborah Winger , Gabby Douglas , and Chelsea Clinton .   2017 Honorees   The International Award : Yoani Sánchez , 14ymedio   The International Award : Baljeet Sandhu , Migrant & Refugee Children 's Legal Unit ( MiCLU )   The People 's Voice Award : Louise Dubé , iCivics   The Inspiration Award : Karlie Kloss , Kode With Klossy   The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Jane Goodall , The Jane Goodall Institute ( JGI )   2016 Honorees   The International Award : Maria Pacheco , Wakami   The International Award : Agnes Igoye , Huts for Peace   The People 's Voice Award : Emily Greener , I AM THAT GIRL   The Inspiration Award : Sarah Jones , Girls Educational and Mentoring Services ' , The Legal Aid Society and Sanctuary for Families   The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Martine Rothblatt , Los Angeles LGBT Center and The Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice   2015 Honorees   The International Award : Adimaimalaga Tafuna'I , Women In Business   The International Award : Samar Minallah Khan , Ethnomedia   The People 's Voice Award : Becky Straw and Jody Landers , The Adventure Project   The Inspiration Award : Gabrielle Giffords , Americans for Responsible Solutions   The Lifetime Leadership Award : Melanne Verveer , The Georgetown Institute for Women , Peace and Security at Georgetown University   2014 Honorees   The DVF Award : Kah Walla , STRATEGIES !   The DVF Award : Liron Peleg-Hadomi & Noha Khatieb   The People 's Voice Award : Veronika Scott , The Empowerment Plan   The Inspiration Award : Alicia Keys , Keep a Child Alive   The Lifetime Leadership Award : Gloria Steinem , Equality Now and Donor Direct Action   2013 Honorees   The DVF Award : Sunitha Krishnan , Prajwala  The DVF Award : Andeisha Farid , Afghan Child Education and Caring Organization ( AFCECO ) .  The People 's Voice Award : Tammy Tibbetts , She 's the First  The Inspiration Award : Natalia Vodianova , Naked Heart Foundation  The Lifetime Leadership Award : Robin Roberts , Be the Match   2012 Honorees  The DVF Award : Panmela Castro , Rede Nami  The DVF Award : Chouchou Namegabe , South Kivu 's Association of Women Journalists  The People 's Voice Award : Layli Miller-Muro , Tahirih Justice Center  The Inspiration Award : Jaycee Dugard , The JAYC Foundation  The Lifetime Leadership Award : Oprah Winfrey , The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy Foundation   2011 Honorees  The DVF Award : Sohini Chakraborty , Kolkata Sanved  The DVF Award : Kakenya Ntaiya , Kakenya Center for Excellence  The People 's Voice Award : Taryn Davis , The American Widow Project  The Inspiration Award : Elizabeth Smart , Elizabeth Smart Foundation  The Lifetime Leadership Award : Secretary of State Hillary Clinton   2010 Honorees  The DVF Award : Danielle Saint-Lot , Femmes en Démocratie  The DVF Award : Sadiqa Basiri Saleem , The Oruj Learning Center  The People 's Voice Award : Katherine Chon , The Polaris Project  The Lifetime Leadership Award : Ingrid Betancourt , The Ingrid Betancourt Foundation

neg: Juliet Reagh Juliet Reagh ( born September 5 , 1964 ) is an American actress and model . She was the Penthouse Pet for April 1987 under the name `` Jenna Persaud '' .

neg: Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population .   Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall .   The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen .   Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million .   In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .

neg: Trusted Media Brands, Inc. Trusted Media Brands , Inc. ( TMBI ) , formerly known as the Reader 's Digest Association , Inc. ( RDA ) , is an American multi-platform media and publishing company that is co-headquartered in New York City and White Plains , New York . The company was founded by husband and wife DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace in New York City in 1922 with the first publication of Reader 's Digest .   The company 's brands include Reader 's Digest , Taste of Home , The Family Handyman , Simple & Delicious , Birds & Blooms , Reminisce , Country , EnrichU , and others . At its peak in 1973 , the flagship magazine had over 30 million subscribers and continues to be published in 30 countries . As of 2016 , its portfolio of brands garners 53 million unique online visitors and 40 million print readers per month .

neg: Jill Barad Jill Barad ( née Elikann ; born May 23 , 1951 ) is an American businesswoman from New York City , who was CEO of Mattel from 1997 to 2000 . She resigned under pressure from investors following disappointing earnings . She received almost $ 50 million in severance pay .

neg: Dewanatron Dewanatron is a family of experimental electronic instruments .   Cousins Brian Dewan and Leon Dewan collaborate on the creation and performance of these instruments . The instruments have been performed and exhibited at the Pierogi 2000 gallery in Brooklyn in January 2006 , Pierogi Leipzig ( Germany ) from April thru July 2006 and at ANOTHER YEAR IN LA gallery as well as The Steve Allen Theater in Los Angeles in August/September , 2007 and May 31 , 2009 at the Ghetto Gloss Gallery .

neg: Jenna Rose Simon Jenna Rose Simon ( born December 14 , 1987 ) is an American artist and actor . Her artwork focuses primarily on the abuse of children with the use of graphite pencils .

neg: All American Girl (2003 TV series) All American Girl is a 2003 reality competition that started with 45 females vying for the title of the same name . In the first episode the field of 45 is cut down to 15 by means of a talent show competition and obstacle course . At the talent show and obstacle course , three coaches ( Geri Halliwell , John Salley , Suzanne de Passe ) decided who the 15 finalists would be . After the 15 finalists were decided , the coaches picked five girls to be on their team for the whole series . During the series , the three teams went through a training camp to train them in a vast array of disciplines that included athletic ability , mental agility , performance in the popular arts and beauty . Each week some of the contestants were cut from the competition until there were only six contestants , followed by another cut down to a final three . The winner was decided by viewer phone voting . The show was hosted by Mitch Mullany .   Jessica Felice , a native of Gahanna , Ohio , won the competition .   The program started on ABC in midseason 2003 , but due to low ratings ( and one episode having been pre-empted the night of the declaration of the Iraq War ) , ended on the cable network ABC Family with marathons and tie-in programming in an attempt to salvage the series .

neg: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the United States ' largest organization of food and nutrition professionals , and represents over 100,000 credentialed practitioners -- registered dietitian nutritionists , dietetic technicians , registered , and other dietetics professionals holding undergraduate and advanced degrees in nutrition and dietetics . After nearly 100 years as the American Dietetic Association , the organization officially changed its name to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in 2012 . The organization 's members are primarily registered dietitian nutritionists ( RDNs ) and nutrition and dietetic technicians , registered ( NDTR ) as well as many researchers , educators , students , nurses , physicians , pharmacists , clinical and community dietetics professionals , consultants and food service managers .   The Academy has faced controversy regarding corporate influence related to its relationship with the food industry and funding from corporate groups such as McDonald 's , Coca-Cola , Mars , and others .

neg: Janeane from Des Moines Janeane from Des Moines is a 2012 American political drama film directed by Grace Lee , written by Lee and Jane Edith Wilson , and starring Wilson as a conservative housewife who attends the 2012 Republican Party primary in Iowa . It mixes elements of mockumentary and real-life interviews with Republican politicians conducted in-character without their knowledge .

neg: Jillian Parry Fry Jillian Parry ( born January 31 , 1982 ) is a former Miss Teen USA , having held the title for the year 2000 , representing her home town of Newtown and state of Pennsylvania . She was the first titleholder from Pennsylvania to win the national competition .   Parry entered the Miss Pennsylvania Teen USA pageant on a whim , after a postcard was dropped in her mail , and won on her first attempt . Parry represented her state at the Miss Teen USA pageant televised live from Shreveport , Louisiana on August 26 , 2000 .   Jillian won the pageant and was crowned Miss Teen USA 2000 based on her answer to the final interview question , and she came in first place in the evening gown competition . She came in second behind Nicole O'Brian of Texas in the swimsuit competition . She was crowned by Ashley Coleman of Delaware , Miss Teen USA 1999 .   As Miss Teen USA , Parry represented the Miss Universe Organization . Her `` sister '' 2000 titleholders were Lynnette Cole ( Miss USA , from Tennessee ) and Lara Dutta ( Miss Universe , of India ) . She passed her title on to her successor , Marissa Whitley of Missouri , on August 22 , 2001 .   She completed her Ph.D. in Public Health with a focus on Health Policy at the Johns Hopkins University in 2012 following a Master 's in Public Health from the University of New Mexico in 2007 and a B.S. in Biobehavioral Health from Penn State University in 2004 . In June , 2006 , Jillian married Dr. Roderick Fry , a physical chemist from Kendall , NY . They were married in Langhorne , PA , in a simple Quaker ceremony .   Jillian Parry has been a vegan since 2002 , and she is an active public health scientist in the field of environmental health policy .   She currently resides in Baltimore , MD. .

neg: America (Deuce song) `` America '' is the second studio-release single from American artist Deuce and is a politically themed song with a stronger metal influence than some of Deuce 's other music . It was released on January 10 , 2012 , a week earlier than originally planned due to a leak of the full music video in late December 2011 . The song is the third track on Deuce 's debut album titled Nine Lives . As of April 2012 , `` America '' had sold 36,000 copies , making it the most commercially successful single of the album . This single , along with `` Let 's Get It Crackin ' '' , was featured as part of a fan-based remix contest held by Deuce and Five Seven Music titled `` Deuce REMIXXXED ''   On July 3 , 2012 a single was released for Independence Day which was called the `` America ( n ) Pride '' , which contained `` America '' , two remixes , and the music video on iTunes .

neg: Dana Eskelson Dana Erika Eskelson ( born February 6 , 1965 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American television , film , and theatre actress .