query: Willie Nelson dropped out of college after three years.

pos: Willie Nelson Willie Hugh Nelson ( born April 29 , 1933 ) is an American musician , singer , songwriter , author , poet , actor , and activist . The critical success of the album Shotgun Willie ( 1973 ) , combined with the critical and commercial success of Red Headed Stranger ( 1975 ) and Stardust ( 1978 ) , made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music . He was one of the main figures of outlaw country , a subgenre of country music that developed in the late 1960s as a reaction to the conservative restrictions of the Nashville sound . Nelson has acted in over 30 films , co-authored several books , and has been involved in activism for the use of biofuels and the legalization of marijuana .   Born during the Great Depression , and raised by his grandparents , Nelson wrote his first song at age seven and joined his first band at ten . During high school , he toured locally with the Bohemian Polka as their lead singer and guitar player . After graduating from high school in 1950 , he joined the Air Force but was later discharged due to back problems . After his return , Nelson attended Baylor University for two years but dropped out because he was succeeding in music . During this time , he worked as a disc jockey in Texas radio stations and a singer in honky-tonks . Nelson moved to Vancouver , Washington , where he wrote `` Family Bible '' and recorded the song `` Lumberjack '' in 1956 . In 1958 , he moved to Houston , Texas , after signing a contract with D Records . He sang at the Esquire Ballroom weekly and he worked as a disk jockey . During that time , he wrote songs that would become country standards , including `` Funny How Time Slips Away '' , `` Hello Walls '' , `` Pretty Paper '' , and `` Crazy '' . In 1960 he moved to Nashville , Tennessee , and later signed a publishing contract with Pamper Music which allowed him to join Ray Price 's band as a bassist . In 1962 , he recorded his first album , ... And Then I Wrote . Due to this success , Nelson signed in 1964 with RCA Victor and joined the Grand Ole Opry the following year . After mid-chart hits in the late 1960s and the early 1970s , Nelson retired in 1972 and moved to Austin , Texas . The ongoing music scene of Austin motivated Nelson to return from retirement , performing frequently at the Armadillo World Headquarters .   In 1973 , after signing with Atlantic Records , Nelson turned to outlaw country , including albums such as Shotgun Willie and Phases and Stages . In 1975 , he switched to Columbia Records , where he recorded the critically acclaimed album Red Headed Stranger . The same year , he recorded another outlaw country album , Wanted ! The Outlaws , along with Waylon Jennings , Jessi Colter , and Tompall Glaser . During the mid-1980s , while creating hit albums like Honeysuckle Rose and recording hit songs like `` On the Road Again '' , `` To All the Girls I 've Loved Before '' , and `` Pancho and Lefty '' , he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen , along with fellow singers Johnny Cash , Waylon Jennings , and Kris Kristofferson .   In 1990 , Nelson 's assets were seized by the Internal Revenue Service , which claimed that he owed . The difficulty of paying his outstanding debt was aggravated by weak investments he had made during the 1980s . In 1992 , Nelson released The IRS Tapes : Who 'll Buy My Memories ? ; the profits of the double album -- destined to the IRS -- and the auction of Nelson 's assets cleared his debt . During the 1990s and 2000s , Nelson continued touring extensively , and released albums every year . Reviews ranged from positive to mixed . He explored genres such as reggae , blues , jazz , and folk . Nelson made his first movie appearance in the 1979 film The Electric Horseman , followed by other appearances in movies and on television . Nelson is a major liberal activist and the co-chair of the advisory board of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws ( NORML ) , which is in favor of marijuana legalization . On the environmental front , Nelson owns the bio-diesel brand Willie Nelson Biodiesel , which is made from vegetable oil . Nelson is also the honorary chairman of the Advisory Board of the Texas Music Project , the official music charity of the state of Texas .

neg: Roger Miller Roger Dean Miller , Sr. ( January 2 , 1936 -- October 25 , 1992 ) was an American singer-songwriter , musician , and actor , best known for his honky-tonk-influenced novelty songs . His most recognized tunes included the chart-topping country/pop hits `` King of the Road '' , `` Dang Me '' , and `` England Swings '' , all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era .   After growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army , Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s , penning such hits as `` Billy Bayou '' and `` Home '' for Jim Reeves and `` Invitation to the Blues '' for Ray Price . He later began a recording career and reached the peak of his fame in the mid-1960s , continuing to record and tour into the 1990s , charting his final top 20 country hit `` Old Friends '' with Willie Nelson in 1982 . He also wrote and performed several of the songs for the 1973 Disney animated film Robin Hood . Later in his life , he wrote the music and lyrics for the 1985 Tony-award winning Broadway musical Big River , in which he acted .   Miller died from lung cancer in 1992 , and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame three years later . His songs continued to be recorded by younger artists , with covers of `` Tall , Tall Trees '' by Alan Jackson and `` Husbands and Wives '' by Brooks & Dunn , each reaching the number one spot on country charts in the 1990s . The Roger Miller Museum in his home town of Erick , Oklahoma , is a tribute to Miller .

neg: 16 Biggest Hits, Volume II 16 Biggest Hits , Volume II is a 2007 compilation album by country singer Willie Nelson .

neg: Education Management Corporation Education Management Corporation ( `` EDMC '' ) is a Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania-based operator of for-profit post-secondary educational institutions in the United States and Canada . The company was founded in 1962 . Education Management Corporation has operated 110 schools through its four higher education divisions : Argosy University , The Art Institutes , Brown Mackie College and South University .   In October 2015 , EDMC reported a student enrollment of 91,000 , a 43 % drop from its peak enrollment of 158,300 in 2011 .   EDMC has a reported 109 locations , but more than 40 Brown Mackie Colleges and Art Institutes schools are in the process of closing .   In 2011 , EDMC and its subsidiary , the Art Institutes , received greater public scrutiny with the release of the Frontline documentary : Educating Sergeant Pantzke . In the documentary , Iraq war veteran Chris Pantzke discussed the lack of disability services at the school . According to Pantzke , `` Being a soldier , you do n't want to quit , you do n't want to give up or fail . '' But after doing his own research , Pantzke concluded that the degree he was pursuing was n't `` worth much more than the paper is worth '' . And he felt he was `` throwing away taxpayer money '' by using GI Bill funds .   Todd S. Nelson , who was previously the CEO of Apollo Education Group , became the CEO in 2007 and the Chairman of the Board of Directors in 2012 .   From June 2013 to June 2014 , the company eliminated about 2,600 positions , and campuses have been closed or are in the process of closing .   EDMC has faced significant financial problems , including a 99.9 % drop in the value of its stock and a defaulted bond rating ( to junk bond status ) . Under a pending agreement , shareholder stock value will be diluted an additional 96 % . Moody 's credit rating service in January 2015 dropped EDMC to its lowest rating , D-PD . EDMC 's CEO , Edward West , resigned from the company on August 28 , 2015 , `` to pursue other interests '' . The company was never profitable under his leadership . EDMC was delisted from the NASDAQ in November 2014   EDMC has been the subject of several lawsuits and investigations alleging that the company made misleading claims in its efforts to recruit students .   On November 16 , 2015 , federal and state authorities announced a $ 95.5-million settlement resolving a whistleblower case in which former EDMC employees said the company was `` illegally paying recruiters based on the number of students they enrolled . ''   As of 2016 , EDMC announced that it was planning to close 19 of its Art Institute campuses and 22 of 26 Brown Mackie College campuses .

neg: Peabody Education Fund Founded of necessity due to damage caused largely by the American Civil War , the Peabody Education Fund was established by George Peabody in 1867 for the purpose of promoting `` intellectual , moral , and industrial education in the most destitute portion of the Southern States . '' The gift of foundation consisted of securities to the value of $ 2,100,000 , of which $ 1,100,000 were in Mississippi State bonds , afterward repudiated . In 1869 an additional $ 1,000,000 was given by Mr. Peabody , with $ 384,000 of Florida funds , also repudiated later . The main purpose of the fund was to aid elementary education by strengthening existing schools . Because it was restricted from founding new schools , it did not benefit freedmen in the South , as there were no established schools for blacks .   `` The fund introduced a new type of benefaction in that it was left without restriction in the hands of the trustees to administer . Power to close the trust after thirty years was provided on condition that two-thirds of the fund be distributed to educational institutions in the Southern states . ''   The rules of the Peabody Education Fund were strict , allowing for the distribution of about $ 80,000 per year over a period of thirty years . By the time of the termination of the fund in 1898 , about $ 2,500,000 had been distributed . In 1875 , the trustees of the Peabody Education Fund founded the Peabody Normal School of the South which promptly became the Peabody Normal College ( 1875-1911 ) . It was maintained in connection with the University of Nashville and supported by annual donations from the Peabody Education Fund . In 1910 the Peabody College for Teachers was organized . Placed adjacent to Vanderbilt University , the college opened its doors on June 14 , 1914 for summer school . In September 1915 , four new buildings had been completed at a cost of $ 750,000 . About 1915 , the Peabody Education Fund ceased to exist .   The Southern Education Foundation , a not-for-profit foundation , was created in 1937 from the Peabody Education Fund and three funds intended to support education for blacks : the John F. Slater Fund , the Negro Rural School Fund , and the Virginia Randolph Fund .

neg: VH1 Storytellers: Johnny Cash & Willie Nelson VH1 Storytellers is the 83rd overall album and is a live album by Johnny Cash and Willie Nelson , released in 1998 ( see 1998 in music ) on American Recordings . The album was produced by Rick Rubin and was the third record released as part of Cash 's ten-year period of collaboration with Rubin . It is not , however , counted as part of the American Recordings series , which is reserved for Cash 's studio work with Rubin .   Cash and Nelson take turns on songs associated with each respective artist , usually with the other performing harmony or occasionally verses . The opening track is a duet with Cash and Nelson , and some tracks feature guitar solos by Nelson . Between tracks , Cash and Nelson joke with each other and discuss the songs and their origins .   This was the final album of new performances released by Cash prior to the onset of health problems that forced him to curtail live concerts also led to changes in the timbre of his voice that were noticeable from American III : Solitary Man ( his next album release of new recordings issued in 2000 ) onwards . It was also Cash 's final purpose-recorded live album to be released during his lifetime , though an archival recording , Johnny Cash at Madison Square Garden , recorded in 1969 , would be issued a year before his death .

neg: Sweeter as the Years Go By `` Sweeter as the Years Go By '' is a Christian hymn written by Lelia N. Morris in 1912 . It has been included in 87 hymnals . Its subject-matter is expressed in the refrain :   It has been recorded in various , mostly gospel , styles . In 1929 , it was recorded by Blind Willie Johnson ( vocals and guitar ) in gospel blues style under the title `` Sweeter as the Years Roll By '' ( even though he sings `` Go '' throughout ) .   Sweeter as the Years Go By is a 1990 compilation album of songs recorded by Blind Willie Johnson .

neg: Bob Nelson (linebacker) Robert Lee Nelson ( born June 30 , 1953 in Stillwater , Minnesota ) is a retired American football linebacker in the National Football League . He played for the Buffalo Bills , the San Francisco 49ers , and the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders . He started in Super Bowl XV and in Super Bowl XVIII for the Raiders . Nelson played college football at the University of Nebraska .

neg: Milligan College Milligan College is a selective Christian liberal arts college founded in 1866 and located in the mountains of Upper East Tennessee and the Tri-Cities region of the state . The school has a student population of more than 1,200 students , most of whom reside and study on its 195 acre campus which is located just a few miles from downtown Johnson City . It is consistently ranked as one of the top liberal arts colleges in the country and well known for its core humanities program . Milligan was named a `` College of Distinction '' in 2011 . In 2016 , the college was named the number two institution of higher education in the state of Tennessee , second only to Vanderbilt University and was ranked one of the best colleges in the nation by the 2017 edition of The Princeton Review   Milligan College is historically related to the Christian Churches/Churches of Christ , the Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ) , and the a cappella Churches of Christ , with about 35 percent of the student body coming from these religious groups . While the college maintains close ties with the churches which founded it , the school welcomes students from all backgrounds . The college offers over 30 undergraduate programs of study and four graduate programs . As part of its focus on faith , Milligan strives to develop authentic Christian community , deep Christian spirituality , and a passion for Christian service among its students . The college works to prepare students to join God 's work of redemption and reconciliation in the larger world .

neg: My 3 Addictions My 3 Addictions is the third official CD release from antifolk music group Elastic No-No Band and their first studio album .   It is a concept album inspired partially by the 2-part structure of Willie Nelson 's Phases and Stages album . My 3 Addictions has a 3-part structure , based on the three addictions listed in the title song : food , movies , and women .

neg: Blackjack County Chain `` Blackjack County Chain '' is a song written by Red Lane . The song was initially rejected by Charlie Pride , who considered at the time the lyrics controversial .   The song was ultimately recorded by Willie Nelson , whose version enjoyed success until it was banned by radio stations .

neg: Williams Baptist College Williams Baptist College is a private , coeducational , four-year college located in the Lawrence County , Arkansas community of Walnut Ridge . Founded in 1941 , this institution began its life as a two year school . It began granting bachelor 's degrees in 1984 . The name of the school was changed in 1991 from Southern Baptist College to Williams Baptist College in honor of its founder and first president , Dr. H. E. Williams . The current president of the institution is Dr. Tom Jones .   Williams has been accredited since 1963 through the Higher Learning Commission of North Central Association of Colleges and Schools .   The college is owned and operated by the Arkansas Baptist State Convention , which is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention . Previous presidents include Dr. H.E. Williams ( 1941-1973 ) , Dr. D. Jack Nicholas ( 1973-1991 ) , Dr. Jimmy Millikin ( 1991-1993 ) , Dr. Gary Huckabay ( 1993-1995 ) and Dr. Jerol B. Swaim ( 1995-2012 ) .

neg: Cornealious Michael Anderson III Cornealious Michael `` Mike '' Anderson III ( born c. 1977 ) was convicted of armed robbery in 2000 and sentenced to 13 years in the Missouri state prison system . Shortly after his conviction he was released on bail pending the outcome of an appeal of his conviction . In May 2002 , his appeal was rejected but , due to a clerical error , his bond was not revoked when a warrant was issued for his arrest . It was unclear why he was not arrested and imprisoned to serve his 13-year sentence , but , apparently due to clerical errors and miscommunication , the Missouri Department of Corrections thought he was already in prison . The error was only discovered when he was scheduled to be released from prison in 2013 . On July 25 , 2013 he was arrested and required to serve his 13-year sentence . The case stirred controversy when investigative articles were written by Jessica Lussenhop in the Riverfront Times newspaper and when his case was covered nationally in the United States in an episode of This American Life . By April 2014 , his case began receiving extensive national and international attention . These articles and episode raised the question of whether he should be returned to prison 13 years after his conviction especially since the victim of his crime did not believe he should be in prison . Anderson 's attorney filed several appeals and petitions for his release from prison , and on May 5 , 2014 Anderson was released from prison . In 2014 , he was arrested for another crime , but subsequent videotape evidence showed that he could not have committed the crime and charges were dropped with an apology by Circuit Attorney Jennifer M. Joyce .

neg: Statesboro, Georgia Statesboro is the largest city and county seat of Bulloch County , Georgia , United States , located in Southeast Georgia .  A college town , Statesboro is best known as the home of Georgia Southern University , a Carnegie Doctoral-Research University .   As of 2015 , the Statesboro Micropolitan Statistical Area , which consists of Bulloch County , had an estimated population of 72,651 . The City itself had a population of 28,422 in the 2010 census . The City had an estimated 2015 population of 30,721 .   The city was chartered in 1803 , starting as a small trading community providing the basic essentials for surrounding cotton plantations . This drove the economy through the 19th century , both before and after the American Civil War .   In 1906 , Statesboro and area leaders joined together to bid for and win the First District A&M School , a land grant college that eventually developed as Georgia Southern University in 1990 . In 1908 , Statesboro sold more cotton bales than did Savannah , Georgia , but the boll weevil infestation of the 1930s required a shift to tobacco as a crop . Statesboro inspired the blues song `` Statesboro Blues '' , written by Blind Willie McTell in the 1920s , and covered in a well-known version by The Allman Brothers Band .

neg: Wayne Nelson Wayne Nelson ( born June 1 , 1950 in Kansas City , Missouri ) is an American singer and musician best known for being a member of the rock band Little River Band .

neg: The Mountain (Steve Earle album) The Mountain is the eighth studio album by Steve Earle ( backed the Del McCoury Band ) , released in 1999 ( see 1999 in music ) .   The songs were written by Earle with musical accompaniment provided by the famous bluegrass band of Del McCoury .   The album was a significant departure from Earle 's previous work , being the first wholly bluegrass album he had written . Earle made the album as a tribute to the founder of bluegrass music , Bill Monroe , who had died in 1996 .   The album was nominated for a 2000 Grammy Award in the `` Best Bluegrass Album '' category ( Earle 's seventh Grammy nomination ) . Two tracks from the album were released as singles in the UK : `` Dixieland '' ( distributed to radio only ) and `` The Mountain '' ( a commercial release ) .   A cover of the song The Graveyard Shift is featured on Wanda Jackson 's 2012 album Unfinished Business .

neg: Jim Nelson (baseball) James Lorin Nelson ( July 4 , 1947 -- August 22 , 2004 ) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1970 and 1971 .   Nelson was born in Birmingham , Alabama . The Pirates selected him in the 31st round of the 1965 amateur draft . His debut for the Pirates on May 30 , 1970 was memorable . He relieved Gene Garber in the fifth inning of a game at Forbes Field against the San Francisco Giants , struck out Willie Mays , and got Willie McCovey to hit into a double play ; he finished that appearance with three perfect innings pitched and four strikeouts , and hit a single in his only plate appearance .   Nelson started his career with a 4-0 record for the Pirates in 1970 , a feat not equaled by a Pirates starting pitcher until Zach Duke in 2005 . Nelson also was the last Pirate pitcher to win his first 3 career starts until Gerrit Cole matched the feat in 2013 .   Nelson also was the starting and winning pitcher in the final game played at Forbes Field on June 28 , 1970 . He commented on the fans ' frenzy at the end of that game : `` After the game , the fans stormed the field and took everything , grass , bases , numbers off the scoreboard . I even saw some old ladies with parts of chairs . It was a real scene . ''   Nelson appeared in 15 games for the Pirates in 1970 and 17 games in 1971 , both as a starter and a reliever . He struggled with control in 1971 , walking 26 batters in 34 innings . In July , he was demoted to the minor leagues , but refused to report to his minor-league team . Although his teammates voted him a half-share of their 1971 World Series money , Pirates management did not award him a World Series ring . He underwent rotator cuff surgery and never returned to the majors .   Nelson was a good-hitting pitcher , with 7 hits in 26 career at bats for a batting average of .269 .   After retiring from baseball , Nelson became a produce salesman . He died unexpectedly at his Sacramento , California home at age 57 in 2004 .

neg: List of schools in Nelson, New Zealand Nelson is a city and unitary authority in the South Island of New Zealand . It contains several city schools .   In New Zealand schools , students begin formal education in Year 1 at the age of five . Year 13 is the final year of secondary education .   State schools are those fully funded by the government and at which no fees for tuition of domestic students ( i.e. New Zealand citizens and permanent residents , and Australian citizens ) can be charged , although a donation is commonly requested . A state integrated school is a former private school with a special character based on a religious or philosophical belief that has been integrated into the state system . State integrated schools charge `` attendance dues '' to cover the building and maintenance of school buildings , which are not owned by the government , but otherwise they like state schools can not charge fees for tuition of domestic students but may request a donation . Private schools charge fees to its students for tuition , as do state and state integrated schools for tuition of international students .   The socioeconomic decile indicates the socioeconomic status of the school 's catchment area . A decile of 1 indicates the school draws from a poor area ; a decile of 10 indicates the school draws from a well-off area . The decile ratings used here come from the Ministry of Education Te Kete Ipurangi website and from the decile change spreadsheet listed in the references . The deciles of all schools were last revised using information from the 2006 Census , and may occasionally change for some schools between Censuses as schools open , close and merge . The roll of each school changes frequently as students start school for the first time , move between schools , and graduate . The rolls given here are those provided by the Ministry of Education are based on figures from The Ministry of Education institution number links to the Te Kete Ipurangi page for each school .

neg: John Mellencamp John J Mellencamp ( born October 7 , 1951 ) , also known as John Cougar Mellencamp , is an American musician , singer-songwriter , painter , and actor . He is known for his catchy , populist brand of heartland rock , which emphasizes traditional instrumentation . Mellencamp rose to superstardom in the 1980s while `` honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that , starting in 1982 , yielded a string of Top 10 singles , '' including `` Hurts So Good , '' `` Jack & Diane , '' `` Crumblin ' Down , '' `` Pink Houses , '' `` Lonely Ol' Night , '' `` Small Town , '' `` R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A. , '' `` Paper in Fire , '' and `` Cherry Bomb . '' He has amassed 22 Top 40 hits in the United States . In addition , he holds the record for the most tracks by a solo artist to hit number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , with seven , and has been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards , winning one . Mellencamp released his latest album , Sad Clowns & Hillbillies , on April 28 , 2017 , to widespread critical acclaim .   Mellencamp is also one of the founding members of Farm Aid , an organization that began in 1985 with a concert in Champaign , Illinois , to raise awareness about the loss of family farms and to raise funds to keep farm families on their land . Farm Aid concerts have remained an annual event over the past 32 years , and as of 2017 the organization has raised over $ 50 million to promote a strong and resilient family farm system of agriculture .   Mellencamp was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 10 , 2008 . His biggest musical influences are Bob Dylan , Woody Guthrie , James Brown , Buddy Holly and the Rolling Stones . Said longtime Rolling Stone contributor Anthony DeCurtis : `` Mellencamp has created an important body of work that has earned him both critical regard and an enormous audience . His songs document the joys and struggles of ordinary people seeking to make their way , and he has consistently brought the fresh air of common experience to the typically glamour-addled world of popular music . ''   The late Billboard magazine editor-in-chief Timothy White said in 2001 :   Johnny Cash called Mellencamp `` one of the 10 best songwriters '' in music .

neg: The Highwaymen (country supergroup) The Highwaymen was a country music supergroup composed of four of the genre 's biggest artists well known for their pioneering influence on the outlaw country subgenre : Johnny Cash , Waylon Jennings , Willie Nelson , and Kris Kristofferson . Active as a group between 1985 and 1995 , these four artists recorded three major label albums as The Highwaymen : two on Columbia Records and one for Liberty Records . Their Columbia works produced three chart singles , including the number one `` Highwayman '' in 1985 .   Between the years of 1996 and 1999 , Nelson , Kristofferson , Cash , and Jennings also provided the voice and dramatization for the Louis L'Amour Collection , a four CD box set of seven Louis L'Amour stories published by the HighBridge Company , although the four were not credited as `` The Highwaymen '' in this work .   Besides the four formal members of the group , only one other vocal recording artist ever appeared on a Highwaymen recording : Johnny Rodriguez , who provided Spanish vocal on `` Deportee '' , a Woody Guthrie composition , from `` Highwayman '' .   The four original members starred in a movie together : the 1986 film Stagecoach .

neg: Keith Nelson (basketball) Keith Nelson ( born ) is an American former basketball player who is best known for his collegiate career .   After spending his first two seasons playing at a junior college , Nelson took his game to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga ( Chattanooga ) in the fall of 1990 . He spent two seasons playing at the Southern Conference school , an NCAA Division I institution . In just two seasons he scored 1,047 points , led the Mocs in scoring and rebounding both seasons , and was named the conference co-player of the year as a senior . Nelson , a center , was also a two-time First Team All-SoCon performer who guided Chattanooga to back-to-back co-SoCon regular season championships . His career 9.2 rebounds per game average is tops all-time in school history . In 2004 , the university inducted him into their athletics hall of fame .


query: Malcolm Young was the co-founder of Australian hard rock band AC/DC.

pos: Malcolm Young Malcolm Mitchell Young ( born 6 January 1953 ) is an Australian retired musician and songwriter , best known as a co-founder , rhythm guitarist , backing vocalist and songwriter for the hard rock band AC/DC . Except for a brief absence in 1988 , he was with the band from its November 1973 beginning until retiring permanently in 2014 , due to health reasons . Young and the other members of AC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003 .   Though his younger brother Angus is the more visible of the brothers , Malcolm has been described as the driving force and the leader of the band . He also added that despite his retirement from the band , AC/DC was determined to continue making music with his blessing . As the rhythm guitarist , he was responsible for the broad sweep of the band 's sound , developing many of their guitar riffs and co-writing the band 's material with Angus . He is married to Linda Young and has two children , Cara and Ross .   Young took a leave of absence from AC/DC in April 2014 , to receive treatment for dementia . In September 2014 , the band 's management announced that he would be retiring permanently .

neg: Davidson Brothers The Davidson Brothers , `` Bluegrass wizards '' , originally from Yinnar , Victoria , consist of brothers Hamish and Lachlan Davidson . They have written and performed together since their youth , `` they are multi-instrumentalists on banjo , fiddle , and mandolin and have won many awards on the country circuit . '' They released their first album , Blue Spruce , in 1999 when they were both in their early teens . This was the beginning of what would span into numerous recordings and national awards . `` With their dynamic brand of classic bluegrass and more contemporary newgrass music , the pair has not only blitzed the Australian country music industry , but has attracted plenty of attention in the United States and Europe as well . ''   While they have toured extensively as the Davidson Brothers , they have also shared the stage with many well known Australian artists ( Lee Kernaghan , Troy Cassar-Daley , Beccy Cole , Melinda Schneider , John Williamson , Jimmy Barnes , Eric Bogle , Tommy Emmanuel , Adam Harvey , Sara Storer , Joy McKean , Anne Kirkpatrick , Peter Denahy , Kasey Chambers , Shane Nicholson , Hugh McDonald ) . They have entertained the troops in the Middle East , made regular appearances on national television ( Hey Hey It 's Saturday , Good Morning Australia , The Panel , Spicks and Specks , It Takes Two , Australia 's Got Talent ) , and played on many recording sessions with range of other artists ( Smoky Dawson , Kevin Bloody Wilson , Mark Saul , Travis Sinclair , Joe Camilleri , Kristy Cox , Bruce Rowland ) .   Since completing university the Davidson Brothers have made Bendigo , Victoria their home and split their time between music and their other chosen professions . They were among the Top 10 Most Outstanding Musicians in the 2010 Melbourne Prize . In 2011 , the brothers established the Australian Youth Bluegrass Scholarship to encourage and nurture singers and musicians who demonstrate exceptional talent and dedication in the field of Bluegrass Music .

neg: Who Made Who Who Made Who is a hard rock album by Australian band AC/DC , released in 1986 as the soundtrack to the Stephen King movie Maximum Overdrive . It was re-released in 2003 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series .

neg: Live at Donington (AC/DC album) Live at Donington is the DVD recording of the AC/DC show at Donington Park on 17 August 1991 , and it was the band 's third Monsters of Rock festival . The two-hour show was performed before 72,500 spectators and included real cannons , the Hells Bell , an inflatable Rosie and an inflatable Angus . It was filmed in 35 mm Panavision and had 26 cameras that included one situated inside a helicopter . The DVD includes special features such as stereo and 5.1 surround sound , Iso-cam versions of certain songs for different band members , and audio commentary from Angus and Malcolm Young .   Another option allows the viewer to focus on just one member for the length of a song . This option is available for Angus Young on `` Thunderstruck '' , `` Back in Black '' , and `` Highway to Hell '' . The option is offered for Malcolm Young on `` T.N.T. '' , Brian Johnson on `` Whole Lotta Rosie '' and Cliff Williams `` Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap '' . One other feature is a full catalogue discography with audio interview of all international albums .   Despite the commercial success of the DVD , many hardcore fans were disappointed that the audio was fixed , with many differences than the original video , though the DVD officially released in Brazil still has original audio . Tracks from Live at Donington on AC/DC Live have the original audio .

neg: Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ; formerly , `` The Territory for the Seat of Government '' and , later , the `` Federal Capital Territory '' ) is the federal district in the south east of Australia , enclaved within New South Wales . Its only city is Canberra , the capital city of Australia .   Geographically , the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east , the watershed of Naas Creek in the south , the watershed of the Cotter River in the west , and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east . The ACT also has a small strip of territory around the southern end of the Beecroft Peninsula , which is the northern headland of Jervis Bay .   The need for a national territory was flagged by colonial delegates during the Federation conventions of the late 19th century . Section 125 of the Australian Constitution provided that , following Federation in 1901 , land would be ceded freely to the new Federal Government . The territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by the state of New South Wales in 1911 , two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913 . The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo .   The economic activity of the Australian Capital Territory is heavily concentrated around Canberra . A stable housing market , steady employment and rapid population growth in the 21st century have led to economic prosperity and in 2011 CommSec ranked the ACT as the second best performing economic region in the country . This trend continued into 2016 , when the territory was ranked the third best performing out of all of Australia 's states and territories . There is a higher proportion of young adults in the region compared with other Australian states or territories . Approximately one-fifth of ACT residents were born outside of Australia , mainly in the United Kingdom . Almost one-fifth speak a language other than English at home , the most common being Chinese .

neg: Wishful Thinking (Australian band) Wishful Thinking ( or Wishful ) were an Australian three-piece pop-punk band which formed in Tasmania in 1998 and disbanded in 2006 . The line-up included Alistair Elkins on bass guitar , Carl Jackson on lead vocals and Leigh Thompson on drums . In 2002 Carlos Echeverria was replaced by Elkins on bass guitar . Carl 's brother Lachlan Jackson was the bassist in the original lineup ( along with a handful of drummers ) before they moved to Melbourne . They were one of Australia 's `` buzz '' punk/pop acts and were signed to Boomtown Records . Wishful Thinking 's musical style was pop punk and followed in the style of such bands like Blink 182 and New Found Glory .   Wishful Thinking shared stages and toured with such bands , including Millencolin , MXPX , Kisschasy , Area-7 , Gyroscope , All Star United , Relient K , The O.C. Supertones , and Antiskeptic .   Wishful Thinking also had rotation on the radio stations Triple M and Triple J , with their single ' I Do n't Need You ' which was released in 2003 and their single ` The Day You Went Away ' in 2004 .   Tim Cashmere of Undercover News reviewed their debut album , Standing Still ( 2003 ) ; he described them as a `` Christian-punk act '' and felt the album was `` none-too-shabby , albeit none-too-original either ... The god-fearing punk beats of Wishful Thinking makes an interesting point of difference . '' Ben Seifu of vibewire.net noticed that `` the production is quite professional without being too smooth or processed . The drums in particular are captured reasonably well . But beyond that Standing Still is pretty standard pop punk stuff . '' Jasper Lee of Oz Music Project opined that it `` oozes of punk pop goodness that echoes heroes of said genre such as MXPX . The band 's strength lies in their combination of consistent punk power chords with a lyrical depth underpinning their spiritual beliefs . ''   Steph Brincat of Oz Music Project reviewed the group 's second album , Kicking Goals , Banging Gongs & High Five All Round , rating it at four out of five due to the `` classic pop-punk sound that we have all come to know and love , without making it sound horrible and generic , and I assure you that I am not being sarcastic or ironic . The music is tight and although it does n't stray from the usual pop-punk recipe of repetitive yet catchy bass , guitar and drum explosion , there is variation in their tunes such as interesting little guitar licks and bass solos . ''   The band reformed for a once-off show in August 2013 at the Adelaide Uni Bar with S.T.R.

neg: Australian pop music awards Australian pop music awards are a series of inter-related national awards that gave recognition to popular musical artists and have included the Go-Set pop poll ( 1966 -- 1972 ) ; TV Week King of Pop Awards ( 1967 -- 1978 ) ; TV Week and Countdown Music Awards ( 1979 -- 1980 ) ; and Countdown Music and Video Awards ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . Early awards were based on popular voting from readers of teenage pop music newspaper Go-Set and television program guide TV Week . They were followed by responses from viewers of Countdown , a TV pop music series ( 1974 -- 1987 ) on national broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC ) . Some of the later award ceremonies incorporated listed nominees and peer-voted awards . From 1987 the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) instituted its own peer-voted ARIA Music Awards .

neg: List of AC/DC tribute albums This is a list of tribute albums ( and individual covers ) of the Australian hard rock band , AC/DC . Due to AC/DC 's worldwide popularity , many musicians have made tribute albums to the band . These albums have been made by a variety of different artists from across several different genres , such as bluegrass music and death metal . AC/DC 's influence has also meant that their individual songs have also been frequently covered by other artists .

neg: Reflections of a Sound `` Reflections of a Sound '' is a song by Australian rock band Silverchair and is the fourth track on their fifth studio album Young Modern , released in March 2007 . The song was released on 14 July 2007 as the second single from that album . The single was only released in Australia in digital format and as a CD Promo .

neg: Sidewinder (band) Sidewinder were an Australian indie pop group founded in 1990 in Canberra by Pip Branson on guitar , Martin Craft on bass guitar and backing vocals , his brother Nick Craft on lead guitar and vocals , and Giri Fox on drums . Early in 1994 Shane Melder replaced Fox on drums and in the next year the group relocated to Sydney . Sidewinder were staples of the Australian alternative rock scene in the 1990s and released two studio albums , Atlantis ( January 1996 ) and Tangerine ( September 1997 ) . Australian musicologist , Ian McFarlane , described them as `` an accessible brand of distortion-drenched , harmony-driven , indie guitar power pop . ''  Sidewinder released two albums and three EPS between 1992 and 1998 , all of which were critically acclaimed and received solid Triple J and commercial airplay . These albums ` traversed a broad sonic terrain , from Beatlesesque psychedelia to eardrum shattering ballsy rock ' . Sidewinder were one of the ` best loved live acts of this decade -LSB- 1990s -RSB- ' . had regular spots on festival bills , including the Big Day Out ( 1994 , 1995 , and as national touring artists 1996 ) and played every Homebake from 1996 to 1998 ( January , December 1996 / January , December 1998 ) .   They toured extensively with many of their contemporaries , including bands such as Powderfinger , Custard , The Hummingbirds , You Am I , The Clouds , The Fauves , Tumbleweed and Magic Dirt . They also played with other bands , such as Something for Kate , the Dirty Three , the Whitlams , the Underground Lovers and Gaslight Radio . They supported international touring artists , including U2 on the Australian leg of their PopMart Tour in February 1998 . They also played with Pavement , the Jesus and Mary Chain , Sebadoh and Red Kross .   They disbanded in 2000 .

neg: Ride On (AC/DC song) `` Ride On '' is a song and single by Australian hard rock band AC/DC originally released on the album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap and later re-released on the album Who Made Who . In both versions , the song is sung by Bon Scott . Atypically for an AC/DC song , it has a sad , slow blues , almost ballad-like feel to it . The lyrics concern a man reflecting on mistakes he has made in a relationship while drinking alcohol . It has frequently been cited as one of AC/DC 's best songs .   `` Ride On '' was covered by the French band Trust on their self-titled 1979 debut album after supporting AC/DC in Paris , France in the fall of 1978 . Bon Scott jammed the song with Trust at Scorpio Sound Studios in London , England on February 13 , 1980 , six days before his death . A recording of it would later surface on the Bon Scott Forever Volume 1 bootleg .   AC/DC has played the song live only once , on June 22 , 2001 , at Stade de France , Saint-Denis , during the Stiff Upper Lip Tour . Brian Johnson sang the song as a tribute to Bon Scott .

neg: Ruby Hunter Ruby Charlotte Margaret Hunter ( 31 October 195517 February 2010 ) was an Australian singer , songwriter and guitarist . She was a member of the Ngarrindjeri Aboriginal nationality , and often performed with her partner , Archie Roach AM , whom she met at the age of 16 , while both were homeless teenagers . Born on the banks of the Murray River in South Australia , Hunter was forcibly taken from her family at the age of eight as part of the Stolen Generation .   Hunter first performed in public in 1988 during a festival at Sydney 's Bondi Pavilion in Sydney , where she performed `` Proud , Proud Woman , '' the first song she had written . In 1990 , she wrote the autobiographical `` Down City Streets '' , which was performed by her partner Archie Roach on his debut solo album Charcoal Lane . In 1994 , Hunter became the first indigenous Australian woman to record a solo `` rock '' album , releasing her debut album Thoughts Within .

neg: Paul Drane Paul Drane is an Australian television producer-director . He was initially known as studio director of the Australian TV pop show Countdown from 1975 to 1977 . During this period , he directed several music videos ( promotional film clips ) made especially for Countdown , including the original clips for the AC/DC hits `` It 's a Long Way to the Top '' and `` Jailbreak '' .   His innovative and award-winning Countdown video for Supernaut 's `` I Like It Both Ways '' gave viewers an early taste of visual effects in music videos . These were achieved without the benefit of ( yet to be invented ) high end CGI , but improvised with clever use of video feed-back by pointing the cameras at monitors to create wildly looping , distortion effects . With its blend of live action and 2D visual imagery , the award-winning video was an early glimpse of the rapid advances that lay ahead .   In addition to the Countdown live performances , Drane independently produced and directed many Australian music videos during the 70s ( Skyhooks , John Paul Young , Cold Chisel , Little River Band , Marcia Hines ) and full concerts from local and international artists .   In 1978 he produced and directed the independent music documentary , ` Australian Music to the World ' , based on the original radio series by Vince Lovegrove . Filmed worldwide , the program featured interviews and performances by artists including AC/DC ( live in Atlanta ) , Peter Allen , Helen Reddy and Little River Band .   The following year Drane produced and directed the documentary special ` The Prophecies of Nostradamus ' for Australian television network Seven . Hosted by actor , John Waters , the program set a ratings record , with unprecedented reaction the following day , prompting the network to schedule a repeat run two weeks later .   This program was sold to Warner Bros in the United States in 1980 . Repackaged for worldwide release , it was hosted by Orson Welles and titled ` The Man Who Saw Tomorrow ' .   Throughout his lengthy career Paul Drane has maintained his passion for music , and in particular live music on television . This has given rise to classic televised concerts from artists including Split Enz , INXS , and Paul Kelly , and iconic musical moments such as Stevie Wright 's ` Evie ' at the Sydney Opera House .   Since 2005 Drane has directed RocKwiz for SBS One and continues to make music videos and television content .

neg: Daddy Who? Daddy Cool Daddy Who ? ... Daddy Cool was the debut album by Australian rock band Daddy Cool . Released in July , 1971 it was the first on Robie Porter 's Sparmac label . It was the first Australian album to make # 1 nationally and stayed at # 1 for seven weeks , it smashed all previous sales records - gold within a month - an unprecedented 60,000 copies sold in its initial release , and went on to become the first Australian LP to sell more than 100,000 copies .   The album was originally issued in a textured cover and featured a cartoon rendering of band members by Melbourne artist Ian McCausland ( see infobox at right ) which became the group 's logo . While Daddy Cool 's guitarist , Ross Hannaford , was responsible for overall album cover design , McCausland created the band 's graphics and much of their visual image . Most of the original songs were written by guitarist , vocalist Ross Wilson except `` Bom Bom '' , which was co-written with Hannaford . The rest of the album contained 1950s R&B covers - The Rivals ' `` Guided Missiles '' , Etta James ' `` Good Rockin ' Daddy '' , Marvin & Johnny 's `` Cherry Pie '' , The Rays ' `` Daddy Cool '' and Chuck Berry 's `` School Days '' .   Daddy Who ? ... Daddy Cool was also released in the US on the Warner/Reprise label and the band toured in support of its release . Two singles were lifted from the album : `` Eagle Rock '' # 1 on the Australian national singles chart and `` Come Back Again '' which reached # 3 .   The album was re-issued in 1975 ( with different sleeve under the title Daddy Who ? Daddy Gold ! ) on Wizard Records ( also owned by Porter ) and in 1982 , with the original artwork but non-gatefold sleeve .   The Australian release on Sparmac Records contains different tracks than the US Release on Reprise Records five months later . The Australian release includes the tracks `` Good Rockin ' Daddy '' and `` Cherry Pie '' not found on the Reprise Records edition . The US release includes the tracks `` Flip '' , `` Lollipop '' and `` Just As Long As We 're Together '' not found on the Sparmac Records edition .   In October 2010 , it was listed at No. 14 in the book , 100 Best Australian Albums .

neg: Phil Rudd Phillip Hugh Norman `` Phil '' Rudd ( born Phillip Hugh Norman Witschke Rudzevecuis , 19 May 1954 ) is an Australian drummer , best known for his membership in Australian hard rock band AC/DC from 1975 through 1983 , and again from 1994 to 2015 . Upon the 1977 departure of bass guitarist Mark Evans from AC/DC , Rudd became the only Australian-born member of the band . In 2003 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with the other members of AC/DC . Due to ongoing legal problems in New Zealand , Rudd was unable to join the band for the 2015 Rock or Bust tour and was replaced by Chris Slade .

neg: Jimmy Doyle (musician) James Vivian Alfred `` Jimmy '' Doyle ( 14 October 19455 May 2006 ) was an Australian musician , best known as a founding member , and guitarist in Ayers Rock ( 1973 -- 81 ) , a jazz fusion , progressive rock band . As a member of Ayers Rock , Doyle appeared on all three of their studio albums , Big Red Rock ( 1974 ) , Beyond ( 1976 ) and Hotspell ( 1980 ) . They toured both nationally and internationally including through the United States , where they supported Bachman -- Turner Overdrive ( July 1975 ) at a stadium concert with an audience of 35,000 people in Seattle . For the group 's third album , Hotspell , Doyle wrote or co-wrote four tracks .

neg: Boys (Australian band) Boys were a hard rock band originally from Perth , Western Australia .

neg: Brian Cadd Brian George Cadd ( born 29 November 1946 , Perth , Western Australia ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , keyboardist , producer and record label founder , a staple of Australian entertainment for over 50 years , he has performed as a member of The Groop , Axiom , Flying Burrito Brothers and solo . He was briefly called Brian Caine in late 1966 , when first joining The Groop .   Cadd produced fellow Australian acts Robin Jolley , Ronnie Burns , Broderick Smith , Tina Arena and Glenn Shorrock ; and established his own record label called Bootleg Records . He also composed or performed music for films , Alvin Purple , Alvin Purple Rides Again , Fatal Vision , The Return of the Living Dead , Vampires on Bikini Beach , Morning of the Earth and The Heartbreak Kid and for television Class of 74 , The Midnight Special and Don Kirshner 's Rock Concert . His songwriting for other acts includes The Masters Apprentices , The Bootleg Family Band , Ronnie Burns , The Pointer Sisters , Little River Band and John Farnham .   In 2007 , Cadd was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) Hall of Fame .

neg: Highway to Hell (song) `` Highway to Hell '' is the opening track of AC/DC 's 1979 album Highway to Hell . It was initially released as a single in 1979 .   The song was written by Angus Young , Malcolm Young and Bon Scott , with Angus Young credited for writing the guitar riff which became an instant classic . AC/DC had made several studio albums before and were constantly promoting them via a grueling tour schedule , referred to by Angus Young as being on a highway to hell .

neg: Rock Hard `` Rock Hard '' is a single by the Beastie Boys , released by Def Jam Records on 12 '' in 1984 . The song , and the accompanying songs on the 12 '' , feature the band 's first major label rap effort .   The track contains samples from the AC/DC song `` Back in Black '' , which was used without obtaining legal permission - thereby causing the record to be promptly withdrawn . Later , when the group planned to include the out-of-print song on their 1999 compilation , Beastie Boys Anthology : The Sounds of Science , AC/DC refused to allow the sample to be used . Mike D spoke to AC/DC 's Malcolm Young personally on the phone when their lawyers refused to clear the sample , and later said that `` AC/DC could not get with the sample concept . They were just like , ` Nothing against you guys , but we just do n't endorse sampling . ' '' Ad-Rock then added `` So we told them that we do n't endorse people playing guitars . ''   The cover design is also famous for now being the official Def Jam records logo for vinyl releases ; to this day , vinyl singles released by Def Jam have this design .   Long removed from print , it was considered a rare collector 's item until Def Jam reissued the single in Europe in 2007 .

neg: Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop The Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop or Rock and Pop by Australian music journalist Ian McFarlane is a guide to Australian popular music from the 1950s to the late 1990s . The encyclopedia was described in Australian Music Guide as `` the most exhaustive and wide-ranging encyclopedia of Australian music from the 1950s onwards '' .   The encyclopedia is out of print , but was for a time available on the whammo.com.au online record store , and is still in the Internet Archive .


query: Newfoundland and Labrador is the most linguistically homogeneous of Canada.

pos: Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador ( -LSB- uːfənˈlænd_ən_ˈlæbrədɔːr -RSB- , Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador Akamassiss Newfoundland Irish : Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar ) is the most easterly province of Canada . Situated in the country 's Atlantic region , it comprises the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador to the northwest , with a combined area of 405212 km2 . In 2013 , the province 's population was estimated at 526,702 . About 92 % of the province 's population lives on the island of Newfoundland ( and its neighbouring smaller islands ) , of whom more than half live on the Avalon Peninsula . The province is Canada 's most linguistically homogeneous , with 97.6 % of residents reporting English ( Newfoundland English ) as their mother tongue in the 2006 census . Historically , Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French and Irish , as well as the extinct Beothuk language . In Labrador , local dialects of Innu-aimun and Inuktitut are also spoken .   Newfoundland and Labrador 's capital and largest city , St. John 's , is Canada 's 20th-largest census metropolitan area and is home to almost 40 percent of the province 's population . St. John 's is the seat of government , home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the highest court in the jurisdiction , the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal .   A former colony and then dominion of the United Kingdom , Newfoundland gave up its independence in 1933 , following significant economic distress caused by the Great Depression and the aftermath of Newfoundland 's participation in World War I . It became the tenth province to enter the Canadian Confederation on March 31 , 1949 , as `` Newfoundland . '' On December 6 , 2001 , an amendment was made to the Constitution of Canada to change the province 's official name to Newfoundland and Labrador .

neg: List of municipalities in Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is the sixth-most populous province in Canada with 1,098,352 residents as of 2016 and is the fifth-largest in land area at 588244 km2 . In 2011 , Saskatchewan 's 786 municipalities covered of the province 's land mass and were home to of its population . On December 31 , 2013 , this total was reduced to 782 when Antler , Gladmar , Ruthilda and Shackleton all dissolved from village status . It was further reduced to 779 after the dissolutions of Elstow ( effective December 16 , 2014 ) , Rabbit Lake ( effective October 30 , 2015 ) and Primate ( effective December 31 , 2015 ) . These 779 municipalities are local government `` creatures of provincial jurisdiction '' with natural persons power . One of the key purposes of Saskatchewan 's municipalities are `` to provide services , facilities and other things that , in the opinion of council , are necessary or desirable for all or a part of the municipality '' . Other purposes are to : `` provide good government '' ; `` develop and maintain a safe and viable community '' ; `` foster economic , social and environmental well-being '' and `` provide wise stewardship of public assets . ''   The Government of Saskatchewan 's Ministry of Municipal Relations recognizes three general types of municipalities and seven sub-types -- urban municipalities ( cities , towns , villages and resort villages ) , rural municipalities and northern municipalities ( northern towns , northern villages and northern hamlets ) . Cities are formed under the provincial authority of The Cities Act , which was enacted in 2002 . Towns , villages , resort villages and rural municipalities are formed under the authority of The Municipalities Act , enacted in 2005 . The three sub-types of northern municipalities are formed under the authority of The Northern Municipalities Act , enacted in 2010 . As provincial laws , these three acts were passed by the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan with royal assent granted by the Lieutenant Governor .   Of Saskatchewan 's 779 municipalities , 459 of them are urban municipalities ( 16 cities , 147 towns , 256 villages and 40 resort villages ) , 296 are rural municipalities and 24 are northern municipalities ( 2 northern towns , 11 northern villages and 11 northern hamlets ) . The Cities Act , The Municipalities Act and The Northern Municipalities Act stipulate governance of these municipalities . Saskatchewan 's Ministry of Municipal Relations is responsible for providing provincial programs and services to municipalities .   In 2011 , just over of Saskatchewan 's population resided in its two largest cities . Saskatoon , the largest city , is home to of the province 's population ( 222,189 residents ) , while Regina , Saskatchewan 's capital city , is home to ( 193,100 residents ) . The villages of Dafoe , Keeler , Krydor and Valparaiso are all tied as Saskatchewan 's smallest municipalities by population with 15 people each . The largest municipality by land area is the Rural Municipality of Hudson Bay No. 394 at 12463 km2 , while the smallest by land area are the resort villages of Etters Beach and Pelican Pointe at 0.12 km2 each .

neg: Sprachbund A sprachbund ( -LSB- ˈsprɑːkbʊnd -RSB- -LSB- ˈʃpʁaːxbʊnt -RSB- , `` federation of languages '' ) -- also known as a linguistic area , area of linguistic convergence , diffusion area or language crossroads -- is a group of languages that have common features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact . They may be genetically unrelated , or only distantly related . Where genetic affiliations are unclear , the sprachbund characteristics might give a false appearance of relatedness . Areal features are common features of a group of languages in a sprachbund .

neg: Culture in Toronto Toronto is the largest city of Canada and one of its most ethnically diverse ; many immigrant cultures have brought their traditions , languages and music . It is a city of many museums , theatres , festival events and sports activities .

neg: Non-convergent discourse A non-convergent discourse ( NCD ) is a discourse in which the participants do not accommodate on the language level , which results in the use of different languages . Alternative names for this phenomenon are asymmetric and bilingual discourse .   The term was introduced by the sociologist Reitze Jonkman . He distinguishes two motivations for people to engage in an NCD :   Insufficient active knowledge of the other participants ' language , combined with a good passive knowledge . It usually takes longer for a person learning a foreign language to speak it fluently than to understand it when it is being spoken . This type of NCD is common in the Germanic languages of the Scandinavian-Nordic region of Europe , where the differences between Swedish , Norwegian , and Danish are relatively small , and do not necessarily obstruct use of the participants ' native languages . The same occurs between speakers of Dutch and Afrikaans and to a lesser degree between speakers of Italian and Spanish , Portuguese and Spanish ( and their respective variants ) , where it is also possible to understand what the other person is saying as long as it is said slowly ; ( as such between residents of Spain and Portugal as well as between residents of Brazil and neighboring Spanish-speaking countries ) . Also , it is possible among speakers of various South-Slavic languages . For instance , a Serbian tourist in Macedonia or Bulgaria will often be able to communicate with locals without ever having studied Bulgarian or Macedonian . Another good example would be north India - Users of Hindi , Urdu , Punjabi , Gujrati understand each other very well while speaking their mother tongue . In East India , Bengali and Assamese speakers can usually understand one another 's speech . Also in South India , Tamil and Malayalam Speakers are often able to understand each other and converse in their native languages to each other while understanding the bulk of the conversation . In some areas where bilingualism is common , this can also be done with languages that are not mutually intelligible if both speakers are assumed to understand the other 's language , as is the case in cities like Montreal .  Ethnic marking : the use of a preferred variety , in order to stress one 's belonging to a certain cultural or ethnic group . This occurs in Northern Germany , for example , where speakers of Low German and standard German do not accommodate   A third motivation for engaging in an NCD lies on the personal level . According to Giles ' Communication Accommodation Theory , interpersonal contacts are negotiations . In a discourse , people seek to create understanding by stressing common features . However , when this will for creating understanding is not present ( for example , in cases where the participants feel a strong dislike for each other ) , they dissociate from each other by stressing the differences . The use of different languages might be the result of such a dissociation strategy .   Sometimes the motivation for engaging in an NCD is misunderstood , especially in contexts where they are uncommon . NCD participants with an ethnic marking strategy might be wrongly interpreted as if they were expressing dislike . This type of misunderstanding is especially common among speakers who come from monolingual areas and find themselves in a bilingual area , where a second language is used alongside their own and NCDs are common .

neg: Atlantic Canadian English Atlantic Canadian English is the class of Canadian English dialects spoken in the Atlantic provinces of Canada and notably distinct from Standard Canadian English . The set of dialects comprises Canadian Maritime English ( or Maritimer English ) and Newfoundland English . It is heavily influenced by British and Irish English , as well as Acadian French .

neg: Avondale, Newfoundland and Labrador Avondale is a town located on Newfoundland 's Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada .   The community is situated at the southwestern head of Conception Bay in Division 1 . It is located 59 km southwest of St. John 's and 72 km northeast of Placentia .   Prior to January 1 , 1898 Avondale was known as Salmon Cove but was renamed to avoid confusion with two other nearby communities of the same name in the Port de Grave and Brigus Districts . The name Avondale was suggested by the parish priest Rev John Roe because of the resemblance to his native area in Ireland , taking the name from Thomas Moore 's poem , `` The Meeting of the Waters '' . Earliest record of settlement per Fishing Room Grants is for John Mahaney in 1773 , a census of 1812 reports 12 inhabitants . Settlers to the area were primarily Irish Roman Catholic with a smaller number of Jersey French and English . Avondale incorporated the communities of Salmon Cove , Gasters , Northern Arm , and Southern Arm .   In 1863 , the Anglo American Telegraph Company set up a repeater station which was eventually taken over by the Reid Newfoundland Railway Company in the late 1880s when the Newfoundland Railway was constructed through the area and a station was built . In addition to the railway station , it also hosted a post office , a money order office , and one church . It functioned as a lumbering , fishing and farming settlement in what was known as the Harbour Main District . The population dwindled in the early 1900s as men began migrating to the eastern US ( Boston and New York ) to find work .   Its first postmaster was Edward Kennedy who came to the area in 1889 after the railway was built . CN Rail abandoned its railway operations on Newfoundland in 1988 ( see : Terra Transport ) . The Avondale railway station remains preserved along with a small display of retired railway cars and a locomotive . The Avondale station is the oldest railway station in the province .   Avondale has lost approximately one third of its population since 1976 when it numbered 937 residents .

neg: Demographics of Ontario Ontario , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto .

neg: Linguistic diversity index Linguistic diversity index ( LDI ) may refer to either Greenberg 's ( language ) Diversity Index or the related Index of Linguistic Diversity ( ILD ) from Terralingua.org , which measures changes in the underlying LDI over time .   Greenberg 's Diversity Index ( LDI ) is the probability that two people selected from the population at random will have different mother tongues ; it therefore ranges from 0 ( everyone has the same mother tongue ) to 1 ( no two people have the same mother tongue ) . The ILD measures how the LDI has changed over time ; a global ILD of 0.8 indicates a 20 % loss of diversity since 1970 , but ratios above 1 are possible , and have appeared in regional indexes .   The computation of the diversity index is based on the population of each language as a proportion of the total population . The index can not fully account for the vitality of languages . Also , the distinction between a language and a dialect is fluid and often political . A great number of languages are considered to be dialects of another language by some experts and separate languages by others . The index does not consider how different the languages are from each other , nor does it account for second language usage ; it considers only the total number of distinct languages , and their relative frequency as mother tongues .

neg: Cape Breton Island Cape Breton Island ( île du Cap-Breton -- formerly -LSB- Île-Royale ( New France ) , Île Royale -RSB- ; Ceap Breatainn or Eilean Cheap Bhreatainn ; Únamakika or simply Cape Breton ) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America and part of the province of Nova Scotia , Canada . Its name may derive from Capbreton near Bayonne , or more probably from the word Breton , the French adjective form of the proper noun -LSB- Brittany , Bretagne -RSB- , the French historical region .   The 10311 km2 island accounts for 18.7 % of the Nova Scotia 's total area . Although physically separated from the Nova Scotia peninsula by the Strait of Canso , the 1385 m long rock-fill Canso Causeway connects it to mainland Nova Scotia . The island is east-northeast of the mainland with its northern and western coasts fronting on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ; its western coast also forms the eastern limits of the Northumberland Strait . The eastern and southern coasts front the Atlantic Ocean ; its eastern coast also forms the western limits of the Cabot Strait . Its landmass slopes upward from south to north , culminating in the highlands of its northern cape . One of the world 's larger salt water lakes , -LSB- Bras d'Or Lake , Bras d'Or -RSB- ( `` Arm of Gold '' in French ) , dominates the island 's centre .   The island is divided into four of Nova Scotia 's eighteen counties : Cape Breton , Inverness , Richmond , and Victoria . Their total population at the 2016 census numbered 132,010 `` Cape Bretoners '' ; this is approximately 15 % of the provincial population . Cape Breton Island has experienced a decline in population of approximately 2.9 % since the 2011 census . Approximately 75 % of the island 's population is in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality ( CBRM ) which includes all of Cape Breton County and is often referred to as Industrial Cape Breton , given the history of coal mining and steel manufacturing in this area , which was Nova Scotia 's industrial heartland throughout the 20th century .   The island has five reserves of the Mi ` kmaq Nation : -LSB- Eskasoni First Nation , Eskasoni -RSB- , -LSB- Membertou First Nation , Membertou -RSB- , -LSB- Wagmatcook First Nation , Wagmatcook -RSB- , -LSB- Whycocomagh 2 , Waycobah -RSB- , and nocat = y/Chapel Island . Eskasoni is the largest in both population and land area .

neg: Franco-Newfoundlander Franco-Newfoundlanders , also known as Franco-Terreneuvians in English or Franco-Terreneuviens in French , are francophone and/or French Canadian residents of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . The name Franco-Terreneuvian derives from Terre-Neuve , the French name of Newfoundland .   The Franco-Newfoundlander community is most prominently associated with the Port au Port area near Stephenville , in communities such as Trois-Cailloux , Cap-Saint-Georges , La Grand ` Terre , L'Anse-aux-Canards and Maisons-d'Hiver . This region is unique as the only area in the province that is officially designated by provincial law as a bilingual district . However , francophone communities are also present throughout the province , particularly in St. John 's , Labrador City and Happy Valley-Goose Bay .   Newfoundland and Labrador 's francophone community and its culture derive from a unique mix of influences and immigrants from Quebec , Acadia , St. Pierre and Miquelon , Brittany and the Basque Country , much of it predating Newfoundland 's admission as a Canadian province in 1949 . Some aspects of the community 's unique culture , however , have been lost or threatened as the community became more closely integrated into the mainstream of French Canadian culture and society after 1949 .

neg: History of Quebec Quebec has played a special role in French history ; the modern province occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada ( New France ) in the 17th and 18th centuries . The population is predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic , with a large Anglophone minority , augmented in recent years by immigrants from Asia . The political alienation of the Francophones from the Anglophones has been a persistent theme since the late 19th century . Tensions were especially high during the First World War . Historically , British merchants and financiers controlled the economy , and dominated Montreal . The Catholic Church , in close cooperation with the landowners , led a highly traditional social structure in rural and small town Quebec . Much of that changed during the Quiet Revolution of the 1980s . Quebec 's separatists , calling for an independent nation , gained strength , but were narrowly defeated in two referenda . Quebec imposed increasingly stringent laws favouring the French language ; many Anglophones left , as did many of the national and international corporations that had been based in Montreal .

neg: List of Canadian provinces and territories by population Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories . The majority of Canada 's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada -- US border . Its four largest provinces by area ( Quebec , Ontario , British Columbia and Alberta ) are also ( with Quebec and Ontario switched in order ) its most populous ; together they account for 86 % of the country 's population . The territories ( the Northwest Territories , Nunavut and Yukon ) account for over a third of Canada 's area but are home to only 0.3 % of its population , which skews the national population density value .   Canada 's population grew by 5.0 % between the 2006 and 2011 censuses . Except for New Brunswick , all territories and provinces increased in population from 2011 to 2016 . In terms of percent change , the fastest-growing province or territory was Nunavut with an increase of 12.7 % between 2011 and 2016 , followed by Alberta with 11.6 % growth . New Brunswick 's population decreased by 0.5 % between 2011 and 2016 .   Canada 's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 : see List of population of Canada by years .

neg: Côte-Nord Côte-Nord ( -LSB- kot nɔʁ -RSB- , French for `` North Shore '' , area 247,633.94 km ² ) is the second largest administrative region by land area in Quebec , Canada , after Nord-du-Québec . It covers much of the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River estuary and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence past Tadoussac .   While most of the region is in the same time zone as the rest of Quebec , the far eastern portion east of the 63rd meridian , including half of Anticosti Island , is officially in the Atlantic Time Zone .

neg: List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations The following is a list of adjectival forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents . A country adjective describes something as being from that country , for example , `` Italian cuisine '' is `` cuisine of Italy '' . A country demonym denotes the people or the inhabitants of or from there , for example , `` Germans '' are people of or from Germany .  Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms .  The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish and Portuguese terminations '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the '' - o '' and adding '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively .   Adjectives ending in - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify ) .   Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cuisines , cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . )   Note - in cases where two or more adjectival forms are given , there is often a subtle difference in usage between the two . This is particularly the case with Central Asian countries where one form tends to relate to the nation and the other often relates to the predominant ethnic group ( e.g. , Uzbek is primarily an ethnicity , Uzbekistani relates to citizens of Uzbekistan ) .   In addition , several countries have a large number of sub-names for their citizens in the form of nicknames for people of certain different areas ; these are usually related to something typical of the area . In Puerto Rico for example , people who come from the town of Bayamon are referred to as `` Cowboy ( s ) '' or `` Cowgirl ( s ) '' ; those from Caguas are referred to as `` Criollo ( s ) '' or `` Criolla ( s ) '' . Except in cases such as Spain , in which sub-names have been used interchangeably by others , sub-names belonging to some areas in a country are not listed here .

neg: Acadians The Acadians ( Acadiens , -LSB- akadjɛ̃ -RSB- ) are the descendants of French colonists who settled in Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries , some of whom are also Métis . The colony was located in what is now Eastern Canada 's Maritime provinces ( Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island ) , as well as part of Quebec , and present-day Maine to the Kennebec River . Although today most of the Acadians and Québécois are French-speaking ( francophone ) Canadians , Acadia was a distinctly separate colony of New France . It was geographically and administratively separate from the French colony of Canada ( modern-day Quebec ) . As a result , the Acadians and Québécois developed two distinct histories and cultures . They also developed a slightly different French language . France has one official language and to accomplish this they have an administration in charge of the language . Since the Acadians were separated from this council , their French language evolved independently , and Acadians retain several elements of 17th-century French that have been lost in France . The settlers whose descendants became Acadians came from many areas in France , but especially regions such as Île-de-France , Normandy , Brittany , Poitou and Aquitaine . Acadian family names have come from many areas in France . For example , the Maillets are from Paris ; the LeBlancs of Normandy ; the surname Melanson is from Brittany , and those with the surnames Bastarache and Basque came from Aquitaine .   The Acadians lived for almost 80 years in Acadia , prior to the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710 . After the conquest , they refused to sign an unconditional oath for the next forty-five years . During the French and Indian War ( the North American theatre of the Seven Years ' War ) , British colonial officers suspected and later confirmed their allegiance after finding Acadians fighting alongside French troops after conquering Fort Beausejour . The British , together with New England legislators and militia , carried out the Great Expulsion of 1755 -- 1764 during and after the war years . They deported approximately 11,500 Acadians from the maritime region . Approximately one-third perished from disease and drowning . Although one historian compared this event to contemporary ethnic cleansing , other historians suggested that the event is comparable with other deportations in history .   Many Acadians migrated to present day Louisiana state ( known then as Spanish colonial Luisiana ) , where they developed what became known as Cajun culture . Others were transported to France . Some of those were settled secondarily to Louisiana by Henri Peyroux de la Coudreniere . Later on , many Acadians returned to the Maritime provinces of Canada , most specifically New Brunswick . Most who returned ended up in New Brunswick because they were barred by the British from resettling their lands and villages in the land that became Nova Scotia . Before the US Revolutionary War , the Crown settled New England Planters in former Acadian communities and farmland as well as , after the war , Loyalists ( including nearly 3,000 Black Loyalists , who were freed slaves ) . British policy was to assimilate Acadians with the local populations where they resettled .   Acadians speak a dialect of French called Acadian French . Many of those in the Moncton area speak Chiac and English . The Louisiana Cajun descendants speak a dialect of American English called Cajun English , with several also speaking Cajun French , a close relative of the original dialect from Canada influenced by Spanish and West African languages .

neg: Newfoundland general election, 1949 The 30th Newfoundland general election was held on 27 May 1949 to elect members of the 29th General Assembly of Newfoundland . It was the first general election held since Newfoundland joined Canadian confederation on 31 March 1949 and the first Newfoundland-wide election of any kind since the suspension of responsible government and the creation of the Commission of Government in 1934 . The election was won by the Liberal Party .   Joey Smallwood was invited to form an interim administration when Newfoundland became a part of Canada just before midnight on March 31 , 1949 . This interim Smallwood administration continued until the results of the May election .   The election was held under the House of Assembly Act of 1932 , with the same 27 seats , plus a new seat for Labrador , though the election in the Labrador seat was deferred until July 25 . The five seats where Progressive Conservatives won had all voted heavily against confederation in the 1948 Newfoundland referendums .

neg: Culture of Manitoba Manitoban culture is a term that encompasses the artistic elements that are representative of Manitoba . Manitoba 's culture has been influenced by both traditional ( Aboriginal and Métis ) and modern Canadian artistic values , as well as some aspects of the cultures of immigrant populations and its American neighbours . In Manitoba , the Minister of Culture , Heritage , Tourism and Sport is the cabinet minister responsible for promoting and , to some extent , financing Manitoba culture . The Manitoba Arts Council is the agency that has been established to provide the processes for arts funding . The Canadian federal government also plays a role by instituting programs and laws regarding culture nationwide . Most of Manitoba 's cultural activities take place in its capital and largest city , Winnipeg .

neg: Bay de Verde Peninsula The Bay de Verde Peninsula is the largest peninsula that makes up part of the Avalon Peninsula , of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . The peninsula separates both Trinity and Conception Bay .

neg: Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador The Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador -LSB- lɛfˈtɛnənt -RSB- is the viceregal representative in Newfoundland and Labrador of the , who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada , as well as the other Commonwealth realms and any subdivisions thereof , and resides predominantly in oldest realm , the United Kingdom . The Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch 's constitutional and ceremonial duties . The current , and 13th , Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador is Frank Fagan , who has served in the role since 19 March 2013 .

neg: Canada–Ireland relations Canada -- Ireland relations are those between Canada and Republic of Ireland . Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations , the importance of which centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada and the two countries ' shared history as parts of the British Empire . Approximately 4.5 million Canadians claimed to have Irish ancestors ( approximately 14 % of Canada 's population ) . Both nations are mutual members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , United Nations and the World Trade Organization .