query: Adventure Time is a series on Cartoon Network.

pos: Adventure Time Adventure Time is an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward for Cartoon Network . It follows the adventures of a boy named Finn ( voiced by Jeremy Shada ) and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake ( John DiMaggio ) a dog with the magical power to change shape and size at will . Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo , where they interact with Princess Bubblegum ( Hynden Walch ) , the Ice King ( Tom Kenny ) , Marceline the Vampire Queen ( Olivia Olson ) , BMO ( Niki Yang ) , and others . The series is based on a 2007 short produced for Nicktoons and Frederator Studios ' animation incubator series Random ! Cartoons . After the short became a viral hit on the Internet , Cartoon Network commissioned a full-length series , which previewed on March 11 , 2010 , and officially premiered on April 5 , 2010 .   The series draws inspiration from a variety of sources , including the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons and video games . It is produced using hand-drawn animation ; action and dialogue for episodes are decided by storyboarding artists . Because each episode takes roughly eight to nine months to complete , multiple episodes are worked on concurrently . The cast members record their lines in group recordings , and the series regularly employs guest actors for minor and recurring characters . Each episode runs for about eleven minutes ; pairs of episodes are often telecast to fill half-hour program slots . Eight seasons of the program have aired , and a ninth and final season premiered on April 21 , 2017 . , a feature-length film is in development .   Since its debut , Adventure Time has been a ratings success for Cartoon Network , with the highest-rated episodes having attracted over 3 million viewers . The show has received positive reviews from critics anddespite being aimed primarily at childrenhas developed a following among teenagers and adults . Adventure Time has won awards including : six Primetime Emmy Awards , a Peabody Award , three Annie Awards , two British Academy Children 's Awards , a Motion Picture Sound Editors Award , a Pixel Award , and a Kerrang ! Award . The series has also been nominated for three Critics ' Choice Television Awards , two Annecy Festival Awards , a TCA Award , and a Sundance Film Festival Award , among others . Of the many comic book spin-offs based on the series , one received an Eisner Award and two Harvey Awards . The series has also inspired various clothing items and related merchandise , video games , and DVD compilations .

neg: Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . ''   The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: The Adventure Zone The Adventure Zone is a fortnightly comedy and adventure podcast based upon the popular Dungeons & Dragons game series . The show is distributed by the Maximum Fun network and hosted by brothers Justin , Travis , and Griffin McElroy , and father Clint McElroy . Regular episodes of the podcast feature the family solving puzzles , fighting enemies , and leveling up their characters in a series of cinematic and humorous encounters .

neg: Sesame Street Sesame Street is a long-running American children 's television series , produced by Sesame Workshop ( formerly known as the Children 's Television Workshop ) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett . The program is known for its educational content , and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson 's Muppets , animation , short films , humor , and cultural references . The series premiered on November 10 , 1969 , to positive reviews , some controversy , and high viewership ; it has aired on the U.S. 's national public television provider ( PBS ) since its debut , with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16 , 2016 .   The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history . The format of Sesame Street consists of a combination of commercial television production elements and techniques which have evolved to reflect the changes in American culture and the audience 's viewing habits . With the creation of Sesame Street , producers and writers of a children 's television show used , for the first time , educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content . It was also the first time a show 's educational effects were studied .   Shortly after creating Sesame Street , its producers developed what came to be called the `` CTW model '' ( after the production company 's previous name ) , a system of television show planning , production , and evaluation based on collaborations between producers , writers , educators , and researchers . The show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements , international sales , and other media . By 2006 , there were independently produced versions , or `` co-productions '' , of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries . In 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street , and by the show 's 40th anniversary in 2009 , it was broadcast in more than 140 countries .   By its 40th anniversary in 2009 , Sesame Street was the fifteenth-highest-rated children 's television show in the United States . A 1996 survey found that 95 % of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old . In 2008 , it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children . As of 2014 , Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards -- more than any other children 's show .

neg: The Music of Ooo The Music of Ooo is the name of a vinyl release by label Spacelab9 . This record collects 38 songs culled from the first seven seasons of the Cartoon Network series Adventure Time .

neg: List of Aladdin episodes Aladdin is an animated television series made by Walt Disney Television Animation which aired from 1994 to 1995 , based on the original 1992 feature film of the same name . Coming on the heels of the direct-to-video sequel The Return of Jafar , the series picked up where that installment left off , with Aladdin still living on the streets of Agrabah but now engaged to the beautiful and fearless Princess Jasmine . `` Al '' and Jasmine went together into peril among sorcerers , monsters , thieves , and more . Monkey sidekick Abu , the animated Magic Carpet , and the fast-talking , shape-shifting Genie came along to help , as did sassy , complaining , temperamental but angry parrot Iago , formerly Jafar 's pet but now an anti-hero .   Many of the films ' stars provided the voices of their TV counterparts , with the notable exception of Dan Castellaneta filling in for Robin Williams in the Genie role .   Nine episodes were first aired on The Disney Channel in early 1994 as a preview for the series -- these episodes have their Disney Channel airdates noted separately . In the fall , the series simultaneously premiered on both The Disney Afternoon syndicated block and on CBS Saturday mornings . Eighty-six episodes were made .

neg: Jep! Jep ! is an American children 's television game show , adapted from the quiz show Jeopardy! It aired first on Game Show Network ( now known by its abbreviated name , `` GSN '' ) throughout the 1998 -- 99 season , and then on Discovery Kids through late 2004 . It was hosted by cartoon voice actor Bob Bergen , and created by Scott Sternberg who had earlier created Wheel 2000 , a children 's version of Wheel of Fortune . The show 's production involved many of the daily syndicated Jeopardy! then-current personnel , including director Kevin McCarthy and four of the nine writers that the show employed at the time , and Alex Trebek , the main Jeopardy! series ' host , served as Jep ! creative consultant . Unlike the main Jeopardy! series , Jep ! was taped at Stage 11 of the Sony Pictures Studios , rather than Stage 10 .

neg: Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms .   Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .

neg: William Hanna William Denby `` Bill '' Hanna ( July 14 , 1910 -- March 22 , 2001 ) was an American animator , director , producer , voice actor , and cartoon artist , whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century .   After working odd jobs in the first months of the Depression , Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 . During the 1930s , Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids . In 1937 , while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , Hanna met Joseph Barbera . The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films . In 1957 , they co-founded Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business , producing programs such as The Flintstones , The Huckleberry Hound Show , The Jetsons , Scooby-Doo , The Smurfs , and Yogi Bear . In 1967 , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $ 12 million , but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991 . At that time , the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996 ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors .   Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards . Their cartoons have become cultural icons , and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films , books , and toys . Hanna-Barbera 's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday , and have been translated into more than 28 languages .

neg: Dora the Explorer Dora the Explorer is an American educational animated TV series created by Chris Gifford , Valerie Walsh , and Eric Weiner . Dora the Explorer became a regular series in 2000 . The show is carried on the Nickelodeon cable television network , including the associated Nick Jr. channel . It aired on CBS until September 2006 . A Spanish-dubbed version first aired as part of a Nick en español block on NBC Universal-owned Telemundo through September 2006 ; since April 2008 , this version of the program has been carried on Univision as part of the Planeta U block . The series is co-produced by Nickelodeon Productions and Nickelodeon Animation Studio . Dora the Explorer is one of the longest-running shows of Nick Jr. . During the sixth season , the show became the Nick Jr. series with the most episodes , surpassing Blue 's Clues with 143 episodes , having 144 after it had completed broadcasting on television . It won a Peabody Award in 2003 `` for outstanding efforts in making learning a pleasurable experience for pre-schoolers . '' It ended on June 5 , 2014 after 8 seasons and 172 episodes .

neg: Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears Disney 's Adventures of the Gummi Bears is a Disney animated television series that first aired in the United States from 1985 to 1991 . The series was the first animated production by Walt Disney Animation Television , and loosely inspired by the gummy bear candies ; Disney CEO Michael Eisner was struck with inspiration for the show when his son requested the candies one day . The series premiered on NBC on September 14 , 1985 , and aired there for four seasons . The series moved to ABC for one season from 1989 to 1990 ( airing alongside The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh as the Gummi Bears-Winnie the Pooh Hour ) , and concluded on September 6 , 1991 as part of the Disney Afternoon television syndication package . Of the series ' 65 shows , 30 were double-features , consisting of two 11-minute cartoons , thereby bringing the series total to 94 distinct episodes overall . The show is well-remembered for its theme music , written by Michael and Patty Silversher and creation of `` gummiberry juice '' which was a type of magic potion , granting abilities , which allowed them to bounce away from their hunters . The theme was memorably performed by Joseph Williams , son of composer John Williams and one-time lead singer of Toto .   The series was later rebroadcast on the syndicated Disney Afternoon block , and rerun on the Disney Afternoon through the summer of 1991 . In later years , it was shown on The Disney Channel ( from October 7 , 1991 to at least January 1997 ) , and later on Toon Disney , with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28 , 2001 . Seasons 1 to 3 of the series were released on DVD on November 14 , 2006 featuring commentary from producers Eric Wong and Daniel Weinstein .

neg: Goliad (Adventure Time) `` Goliad '' is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time . The episode was written and storyboarded by Tom Herpich and Skyler Page , from a story by Patrick McHale , Kent Osborne , and Pendleton Ward . It originally aired on Cartoon Network on June 4 , 2012 . The episode guest stars Graham Linehan 's children , Wendy and Henry .   The series follows the adventures of Finn ( voiced by Jeremy Shada ) , a human boy , and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake ( voiced by John DiMaggio ) , a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will . In this episode , Princess Bubblegum ( voiced by Hynden Walch ) begins to fear for her mortality , and creates an eternal sphinx named Goliad to be her successor . Things go awry , however , when the sphinx turns against Bubblegum .   Linehan 's children , Wendy and Henry , were brought on to voice Goliad and Stormo , respectively , after Ward saw video of them impersonating Adventure Time characters . Linehan is currently putting together a story for a sequel episode . The episode received largely positive critical reviews , and was later nominated for an Annie Award for `` Storyboarding in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production '' at the 2013 award ceremony , although the episode did not win .

neg: The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series , a.k.a. . The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series or The Wally Gator Show , was a syndicated television package of animated cartoon series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , starting in 1962 . The series included three unrelated short cartoon segments featuring funny animal characters :   Wally Gator  Touché Turtle and Dum Dum  Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har   The package consisted of Fifty-two episodes , each with three individual segments and no bridge animation . Each individual cartoon segment , had its own opening theme and closing title .   The title The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon series was an off-screen promotional title to distinguish this package from other Hanna-Barbera cartoons ( such as Ruff and Reddy , Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear all of which had bridge animation between the cartoons . ) available at the time . For example , WGN-Channel 9 in Chicago ran the three segments in a half-hour timeslot under the name Wally Gator . In New York , WPIX-TV originally used the segments for a local series , Cartoon Zoo , featuring Milt Moss as host and `` Zookeeper '' , with life-sized cutouts of the characters in `` cages '' as a backdrop .   The package was originally syndicated by Screen Gems , the TV division of Columbia Pictures . The Hanna-Barbera studio was later purchased by Taft Broadcasting Company , which distributed the studio 's product first through Taft-HB Program Sales , and later through Worldvision Enterprises . Over time , the studio regained control of many of its earlier productions and distributed them through Worldvision . The elements of The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series were split up , with Wally Gator airing as a segment on Magilla Gorilla and Friends on USA Network 's Cartoon Express from 1987 through 1991 . Meanwhile , Touche Turtle and Lippy the Lion were part of another package of cartoons aired on The Family Channel . Following the purchase of the Hanna-Barbera library by Turner Entertainment , these shorts eventually appeared on Cartoon Network and later Boomerang .   The cartoons were put on DVD with Saturday Morning Cartoons : Vol . 2 . Strangely , the Lippy the Lion cartoon was of noticeably better quality than the other two on the DVD . Very likely due to the cartoon coming from a better quality film print then the others .

neg: D-TV D-TV is a series of music videos created by Walt Disney Productions in 1984 . Disney combined hit songs from the past with footage of vintage Disney animation , created in the style of MTV music videos , which inspired the name of this series . The videos were shown as filler material on the Disney Channel ( as the network did not air commercials at this time ) , as well as being the focus of television specials . Home video collections were also released on the VHS , Beta , CED Videodisc , and Laserdisc formats . After the first run of D-TV , in 1989 a second series was produced known as DTV ² . The show 's main title theme song is `` RPM '' from Larry Owens for the Network Music Library .   D-TV ceased airing in 1999 .

neg: List of Total Drama World Tour episodes This is a list of the episodes of Total Drama World Tour , a Canadian animated television series which premiered on June 10 , 2010 , at 8:30 p.m. EST on Teletoon in Canada , and on June 21 , 2010 , at 9:00 p.m. EST on Cartoon Network in the U.S. . It also aired on ABC3 in Australia . Total Drama World Tour , a sequel to Total Drama Island and Total Drama Action , is a parody of reality TV shows . This season takes the contestants around the world , where they must break into song at the sound of a jingle or face instant elimination .

neg: Adult animation Adult animation , adult cartoon , or mature animation is any type of animation work that is mainly targeted towards adults and sometimes also teenagers , acting as a contrast to most animated films and TV series being aimed at children . Works in this genre may be considered adult for any number of reasons . They may be noted for using risqué themes , graphic violence , profane language , sexuality , or dark humor . Works in this genre may explore philosophical , political , or social issues . Some productions are noted for sophisticated and/or experimental storytelling and animation techniques .   Before the enforcement of the Hays Code , some cartoon shorts contained humor that was aimed at adult audience members rather than children . Following the introduction of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system , independent animation producers attempted to establish an alternative to mainstream animation . Initially , few animation studios in the United States attempted to produce animation for adult audiences , but later examples of animation produced for adults would gain mainstream attention and success .

neg: A&E Networks A&E Networks ( branded as A+E Networks ) is an American media company that owns a group of television channels available via cable & satellite in the U.S. and abroad . A&E stands for Arts & Entertainment . The company is a joint venture with Hearst and Disney-ABC Television Group , a unit of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .

neg: Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation .   The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later .   A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .

neg: Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series) Inspector Gadget is a French-Canadian-American animated comic science fiction television series that revolves around the adventures of a clumsy , dim-witted detective named Inspector Gadget -- a human being with various bionic gadgets built into his body . Gadget 's nemesis is Dr. Claw , the leader of an evil organization known as `` M.A.D. '' The series launched the Inspector Gadget franchise .   This is the first syndicated cartoon show from DIC Entertainment , as well as the first from the company to be created specifically for US viewers , along with The Littles . It originally ran from 1983 to 1986 and remained in syndication into the late 1990s . It was shown on ABC in Australia from 26 July 1984 to 8 February 1991 .   Created by Andy Heyward , Bruno Bianchi , and DiC 's founder Jean Chalopin , the series was a co-production between DiC Entertainment ( at the time named DiC Enterprices ) and the Canadian studio Nelvana , which DiC outsourced the pre-production to . The animation work was outsourced to Asian studios Tokyo Movie Shinsha in Japan and Cuckoo 's Nest Studio in Taiwan . It was the first animated television series to be presented in stereo sound .

neg: Super Milk Chan is an anime comedy directed by Hideyuki Tanaka and produced by Genco , Suplex , framegraphics and Geneon Entertainment for the 24-hour channel Animax . The show pre-began as 14 eight-minute segment episodes which aired on Fuji Television 's Flyer TV block from June 18 , 1998 to September 24 , 1998 from 24:45 to 24:55 , with the animation being produced by Tokyo Kids . The full-length show , entitled , ran for 12 twenty-four-minute episodes which aired on WOWOW 's Space Shower TV block from January 27 , 2000 to April 13 , 2000 at 19:00 and then 18:00 .   In Canada , 14 episodes of Super Milk Chan aired on Teletoon in 1998 .   The North American DVD release by A.D. Vision features two different English-dubbed versions : a straight translation of the Japanese version ( which aired on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim block on October 31 , 2004 with the original vintage episodes before making its official series premiere a week later ) and an Americanized version with western pop culture references and short live-action skits featuring ADV voice cast members .


query: The Houston Rockets have lost two NHL championships.

pos: Houston Rockets The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston , Texas . The Rockets compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Southwest Division . The team plays its home games at the Toyota Center , located in downtown Houston . The Rockets have won two NBA championships and four Western Conference titles . The team was established as the San Diego Rockets , an expansion team originally based in San Diego , in 1967 . In 1971 , the Rockets moved to Houston .   The Rockets won only 15 games in their debut season as a franchise in 1967 . In the 1968 NBA draft , the Rockets , picking first overall , selected power forward Elvin Hayes , who would lead the team to its first playoff appearance in his rookie season . The Rockets did not finish a season with a winning record until the 1976 -- 77 season , when they traded for center Moses Malone . Malone went on to win the NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) award twice and led Houston to the conference finals in his first year with the team . He also led the Rockets to the NBA Finals in 1981 where they were defeated in six games by the Boston Celtics , led by Larry Bird and future Rockets coach Kevin McHale .   In 1984 , the Rockets drafted center Hakeem Olajuwon , who would be paired with 7 ft Ralph Sampson , forming one of the tallest front courts in the NBA . Nicknamed the `` Twin Towers '' , they led the team to the 1986 NBA Finals -- the second NBA Finals appearance in franchise history -- where Houston was again defeated by the Boston Celtics . The Rockets continued to reach the playoffs throughout the 1980s , but failed to advance past the first round for several years following a second-round defeat to the Seattle SuperSonics in 1987 . Rudy Tomjanovich took over as head coach midway through the 1991 -- 92 season , ushering in the most successful period in franchise history . Olajuwon-led Rockets went to the 1994 NBA Finals and won franchise 's first championship against Patrick Ewing and the New York Knicks . The following season , the Rockets reinforced by another All-Star , Clyde Drexler , repeated as champions as the sixth seed in the West and swept the Orlando Magic , led by a young Shaquille O'Neal and Penny Hardaway , in four games . Houston became the lowest-seeded team in NBA history to win the title .   The Rockets acquired all-star forward Charles Barkley in 1996 , but the presence of three of the NBA 's 50 greatest players of all-time ( Olajuwon , Drexler , and Barkley ) was not enough to propel Houston past the Western Conference Finals . Each one of the aging trio had left the team by 2001 , and the Rockets of the early 21st century , led by superstars Tracy McGrady and Yao Ming , followed the trend of consistent regular-season respectability followed by playoff underachievement as both players struggled with injuries . After Yao 's early retirement in 2011 , the Rockets entered a period of rebuilding , completely dismantling and retooling their roster . The acquisition of franchise player James Harden in 2012 has launched the Rockets back into championship contention in the mid-2010s . The Rockets , under general manager Daryl Morey , are notable for popularizing the use of advanced statistical analytics ( similar to sabermetrics in baseball ) in player acquisitions and style of play .

neg: 2014–15 Houston Rockets season The 2014 -- 15 Houston Rockets season was the 48th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and the 44th in the Houston area . The Rockets finished the regular season with a 56 -- 26 record , the third best in franchise history . They also won their first ever Southwest Division title and first Division crown since 1994 . The Rockets beat the Dallas Mavericks 4 -- 1 in the first round , advancing to the Western Conference Semifinals for the first time since 2009 . They beat the Los Angeles Clippers in seven games after trailing the series 1 -- 3 , advancing to the Western Conference Finals for the first time since 1997 . They became just the ninth team in NBA history to come back from such a deficit -- and currently the only franchise to do so twice . The Rockets ' season ended with a 1 -- 4 loss in the Western Conference Finals to the Golden State Warriors .

neg: 2010–11 Anaheim Ducks season The 2010 -- 11 Anaheim Ducks season was the 18th season of operation ( 17th season of play ) for the National Hockey League franchise . After a disappointing previous season , the Ducks attempted to win the Stanley Cup for the second time in franchise history . They were ultimately defeated by the Nashville Predators in the first round of the playoffs .

neg: History of the National Hockey League (1917–42) The National Hockey League ( NHL ) was founded in 1917 following the demise of its predecessor league , the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) . In an effort to remove Eddie Livingstone as owner of the Toronto Blueshirts , a majority of the NHA franchises ( the Montreal Canadiens , Montreal Wanderers , Ottawa Senators and Quebec Bulldogs ) suspended the NHA and formed the new NHL . Quebec , while a member , did not operate in the NHL for the first two years . Instead the owners of the Toronto Arena Gardens operated a new Toronto franchise . While the NHL was intended as a temporary measure , the continuing dispute with Livingstone led to the four NHA owners meeting and making the suspension of the NHA permanent one year later .   The NHL 's first quarter-century saw the league compete against two rival major leagues , the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and Western Canada Hockey League , for players and the Stanley Cup . The NHL first expanded into the United States in 1924 with the founding of the Boston Bruins , and by 1926 consisted of ten teams in Ontario , Quebec , the Great Lakes region , and the Northeastern United States . At the same time , the NHL emerged as the only major league and the sole competitor for the Stanley Cup .   The game itself continued to evolve during this time . Numerous innovations to the rules and equipment were put forward as the NHL sought to improve the flow of the game and make the sport more fan-friendly . The NHL played with six men to a side rather than the traditional seven , and was among the first leagues to allow goaltenders to leave their feet to make saves . The NHL 's footprint spread across Canada as Foster Hewitt 's radio broadcasts were heard coast-to-coast starting in 1933 .   The Montreal Forum and Maple Leaf Gardens were built , and each played host to All-Star benefit games held to raise money to support Ace Bailey and the family of Howie Morenz in Toronto and Montreal , respectively . Both players ' careers had ended due to an on-ice incident , with Morenz eventually dying , a month after he sustained his initial injury . These early NHL All-Star games would lead to the annual All-Star games which continue today .   The Great Depression and World War II reduced the league to six teams by 1942 . Founding team Ottawa , and expansion teams New York Americans , Montreal Maroons and Pittsburgh Pirates/Philadelphia Quakers passed from the scene . Expansion team Detroit Falcons declared bankruptcy in 1932 and only survived through a merger with the Chicago Shamrocks of the American Hockey League and the pockets of prosperous owner James Norris to become the Detroit Red Wings . Desperate conditions in Montreal meant that the city nearly lost both of its teams in the 1930s ; the Canadiens nearly moved to Cleveland , but survived due to its stronger fan support . The six teams left standing in 1942 ( the Boston Bruins , Chicago Black Hawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs ) are known today as the `` Original Six '' .

neg: Southwest Division (NBA) The Southwest Division is one of the three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The division is located in the South Central United States and consists of five teams , the Dallas Mavericks , the Houston Rockets , the Memphis Grizzlies , the New Orleans Pelicans and the San Antonio Spurs . Three of the teams , the Mavericks , Rockets , and Spurs , are based in Texas .   The division was created at the start of the 2004 -- 05 season , when the league expanded from 29 to 30 teams with the addition of the Charlotte Bobcats . The league realigned itself into three divisions in each conference . The Southwest Division began with five inaugural members , the Mavericks , the Rockets , the Grizzlies , the Hornets ( now Pelicans ) and the Spurs . The Mavericks , the Rockets , the Grizzlies and the Spurs joined from the now-defunct Midwest Division , while the Pelicans joined from the Central Division .   The Spurs have won the most Southwest Division titles with eight . The Mavericks have won two titles and the Pelicans and Rockets have won one title each . The Grizzlies have never won the Southwest Division title . Four NBA champions came from the Southwest Division . The Spurs won the NBA championship in 2005 , 2007 and 2014 , while the Mavericks won in 2011 . In the 2007 -- 08 season , all four teams that qualified for the playoffs each had more than 50 wins . In the 2010 -- 11 season and the 2014 -- 15 season , all teams in the division had winning percentages above 0.500 ( 50 % ) . In the 2014 -- 15 season , the Southwest Division saw every one of its teams making the playoffs , a feat achieved only twice in the last 30 years . The most recent division champion is the San Antonio Spurs .

neg: 1975–76 Houston Aeros season The 1975 -- 76 Houston Aeros season was the Aeros ' fourth season of operation in the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . The Aeros again qualified first for the playoffs and made it to the Avco Cup Final but lost the championship to the Winnipeg Jets . This was the first season that the Aeros played in the Summit after three seasons at Sam Houston Coliseum .

neg: 2000–01 Houston Rockets season The 2000 -- 01 NBA season was the Rockets ' 34th season in the National Basketball Association , and 30th season in the city of Houston . In an effort to shore up their front line , the Rockets signed free agent Maurice Taylor during the offseason . After the retirement of Charles Barkley , second-year star Steve Francis continued to emerge as the new star of the Rockets averaging 19.9 points per game . The Rockets got off to a 13 -- 9 start to the season , but then went on a six-game losing streak afterwards . They would recover and play above .500 for the remainder of the season . However , the Rockets missed the playoffs despite finishing fifth in the Midwest Division with a winning record of 45 -- 37 , which was two games behind the 8th-seeded Minnesota Timberwolves . This season marked an end of an era as Hakeem Olajuwon was traded to the Toronto Raptors following the season . Also following the season , Shandon Anderson was traded to the New York Knicks .

neg: North American Hockey League The North American Hockey League ( NAHL ) is one of the top junior hockey leagues in the United States and is in its 42nd season of operation in 2017 -- 18 . It is the only Tier II junior league sanctioned by USA Hockey , and acts as an alternative to the Tier I United States Hockey League ( USHL ) . The NAHL is the oldest junior hockey league in the United States and is headquartered in Frisco , Texas ( they are co-located in the same facility as the National Hockey League 's Dallas Stars ) .   The league consists of four divisions with a total of 23 teams . The teams span the United States from Massachusetts in the East to Alaska in the Northwest and to Texas in the South . The teams play a 60-game regular season , starting in mid-September and ending in early April . The top teams of the NAHL playoffs meet in a predetermined location to play in the Robertson Cup Championship Tournament .   From its beginning in 1975 , the NAHL was primarily a 6 -- 12-team league based in the Midwest , known as the Great Lakes Junior Hockey League and changed the name to the North American Hockey League in 1984 . The league 's all-time leading scorer is Mike York who tallied 371 points in two seasons . Other notable alumni from the NAHL include Pat Lafontaine , Mike Modano , Doug Weight , Pat Peake , Brian Rolston , Brian Holzinger , Brian Rafalski , Todd Marchant and John Scott . In 2003 , the league merged with the defunct America West Hockey League to form a 19-team league .

neg: 1996–97 Calgary Flames season The 1996 -- 97 Calgary Flames season was the 17th National Hockey League season in Calgary . It was another season of decline , as the Flames began the rebuilding process after remaining near the top of the league standings for nearly a decade . Finishing 5th in the Pacific Division , the Flames missed the playoffs for the first time since the 1991 -- 92 season , and for only the second time since coming to Calgary .   As a result of missing the playoffs , the Flames fired head coach Pierre Page following the season , replacing him with Brian Sutter . Page ended his Flames career with a coaching record of 66 -- 78 -- 20 . His .463 winning percentage was , at the time , the worst for any coach in Flames history .   On November 23 , 1996 , rugged forward Sasha Lakovic authored one of the more memorable moments in the history of the Battle of Alberta when he attempted to leap over the glass at Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton to attack a drunken fan who had reached over the barrier to dump a beer on the head of Flames assistant coach Guy Lapointe . Lakovic , who was held back by his team-mates from going into the crowd , was suspended two games , while the Edmonton Oilers were fined $ 20,000 for having inadequate security .   Theoren Fleury was named to the Western Conference team at the 47th National Hockey League All-Star Game , where he recorded an assist .   Rookie forward Jarome Iginla , acquired the previous season in a trade for Joe Nieuwendyk led all NHL rookies in scoring at 50 points . Despite his success , Iginla failed to win the Calder Memorial Trophy , as defenceman Bryan Berard was voted the league 's top rookie . Iginla was named to the All-Rookie team , however .

neg: 1965–66 Detroit Red Wings season The 1965 -- 66 Detroit Red Wings season saw the Red Wings finish in fourth place in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) with a record of 31 wins , 27 losses , and 12 ties for 74 points . They defeated the Chicago Black Hawks in six games in the semi-finals before falling to the Montreal Canadiens in the Stanley Cup Final , also in six games . The Red Wings would not appear in the Final again until the 1995 Final .

neg: 1993–94 Calgary Flames season The 1993 -- 94 Calgary Flames season was the 14th National Hockey League season in Calgary . It was a season of change across the NHL , as the league reorganized its divisions and playoff format . The Smythe Division was retired and the Flames joined the new Pacific Division of the Western Conference , as the NHL aligned itself with the other major sports leagues in naming divisions by geographical boundaries . The change angered fans , who preferred the traditional convention , which honoured the game 's past builders .   Realignment also led to significant changes in the playoff format , as the top eight teams in each conference now qualified for the post-season , rather than the top four in each division . Under the new format , the top team in each division was guaranteed one of the top two seeds , and declared the divisional champion , as opposed to having to win two playoff rounds to capture the division title . Thus , the Flames became the first Pacific Division champions , and the second seed in the playoffs . They faced the second place Vancouver Canucks in the playoffs rather than the fourth place Mighty Ducks of Anaheim who failed to qualify under the new system .   The playoffs ended in another bitter disappointment , as the Flames blew a 3 -- 1 series lead , losing the last three games in overtime to the Canucks , who would eventually go onto the Stanley Cup finals before bowing out to the New York Rangers .   Two Flames represented the Western Conference at the 1994 All-Star Game : Forward Joe Nieuwendyk and defenceman Al MacInnis .   For the second consecutive season , four Flames reached the 30-goal plateau . Three of them ( Theoren Fleury , Robert Reichel and Gary Roberts ) were also 40-goal scorers .   Prior to the season , Calgary lost two players in the 1993 NHL Expansion Draft , as the Florida Panthers selected defenceman Alexander Godynyuk 13th overall , and centre Brian Skrudland 32nd overall . The Mighty Ducks of Anaheim did not select any Flames players .

neg: 1988–89 NHL season The 1988 -- 89 NHL season was the 72nd season of the National Hockey League . The Calgary Flames won an all-Canadian Stanley Cup final against the Montreal Canadiens four games to two . As of the end of the 2017 NHL season this is the last time two Canadian teams faced each other for the Stanley Cup .

neg: Jason Smith (ice hockey) Jason Matthew Smith ( born November 2 , 1973 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played his entire career in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) from 1993 to 2009 , playing in over 1,000 regular season games . In his 16-year NHL career , he played for the New Jersey Devils , Toronto Maple Leafs , Edmonton Oilers , Philadelphia Flyers and Ottawa Senators , having been originally selected by New Jersey in the first round , 18th overall , at the 1992 NHL Entry Draft . Smith served as team captain of both the Edmonton Oilers and Philadelphia Flyers , the former of which he led for five years and guided to the 2006 Stanley Cup Finals .   Smith is currently the head coach for the WHL 's Kelowna Rockets

neg: 1990–91 Los Angeles Kings season The 1990 -- 91 Los Angeles Kings season saw the Kings finish first in the Smythe Division with a 46-24-10 record for 102 points . This was the only regular-season division title in Kings history , and the second-best regular-season finish in franchise history . The team defeated the Vancouver Canucks four games to two in the Smythe Division Semi-final before falling to the Edmonton Oilers four games to two in the Division Final .   The Kings were coached by Tom Webster and captained by Wayne Gretzky .

neg: 19th National Hockey League All-Star Game The 19th National Hockey League National Hockey League All-Star Game was played in Montreal Forum on October 20 , 1965 , where the host Montreal Canadiens lost to a team of all-stars from the remaining NHL teams 5 -- 2 . It was the last time that an All-Star Game was held at the start of the season .

neg: 2003 Stanley Cup Finals The 2003 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven playoff series that determined the champion of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the 2002 -- 03 season . As a culmination of the 2003 Stanley Cup playoffs , the second-seeded Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils defeated the seventh-seeded Western Conference champion Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in seven games and were awarded the Stanley Cup . It was New Jersey 's first appearance since 2001 and third in four years . It was Anaheim 's first-ever appearance . The Devils defeated the Mighty Ducks in seven games to win their third Stanley Cup in less than a decade .   The Devils ' win was the last in a series of wins they , along with the Colorado Avalanche and the Detroit Red Wings , established in the era from 1995 to 2003 . The three teams won a combined eight of nine Stanley Cups during that time . The Devils won in 1995 , followed by the Avalanche in 1996 , then the Red Wings in 1997 and 1998 . After the Dallas Stars won in 1999 , the four-year cycle repeated again as the Devils started it again in 2000 , followed by Colorado in 2001 and Detroit in 2002 .

neg: Anaheim Ducks The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim , California . They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Since their inception , the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center .   The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks . Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli , who along with General Manager Brian Burke , changed the name of the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006 -- 07 season . The Ducks have made the playoffs 13 times and won six Pacific Division titles ( 2006 -- 07 , 2012 -- 13 , 2013 -- 14 , 2014 -- 15 , 2015 -- 16 , and 2016 -- 17 ) , two Western Conference championships ( 2002 -- 03 and 2006 -- 07 ) and one Stanley Cup ( 2006 -- 07 ) .

neg: Don McLeod Donald Martin `` Smokie '' McLeod ( August 24 , 1946 -- March 11 , 2015 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played briefly in the National Hockey League and six full seasons in the World Hockey Association .   McLeod 's NHL career consisted of 18 games played with the Detroit Red Wings and Philadelphia Flyers over the 1970-71 and 1971-72 seasons .   With the formation of the WHA in 1972 , McLeod was signed by the Houston Aeros where he played two seasons . The 1973-74 season was his finest year . He was awarded the Ben Hatskin trophy as the new league 's top goalie and was named to the First All-Star team . To top off his best professional season , the Aeros won the WHA playoff championship ( Avco Trophy ) . McLeod was also chosen to represent Canada ( WHA ) in the 1974 Summit Series against the Soviet Union in September 1974 . For the 1974-75 season , McLeod signed with the Vancouver Blazers where he appeared in a league record 72 games . McLeod followed the franchise to Calgary and for the next two seasons was the Calgary Cowboys main goalie . When that franchise folded in 1977 , McLeod was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques where he played in only 7 games before being dealt to the Edmonton Oilers where he finished out the 1977-78 season and his professional career .   McLeod was the holder of numerous WHA career , season and playoff goaltending records . He died in 2015 , aged 68 .

neg: 1993–94 Edmonton Oilers season The 1993 -- 94 Edmonton Oilers season was the Oilers ' 15th season in the NHL , and they were coming off their worst season in team history in 1992 -- 93 , finishing with only 60 points and failing to qualify for the playoffs for the first time .   During the off-season , the NHL announced it would be renaming the divisions and conferences , and the Oilers would be placed in the newly created Pacific Division in the Western Conference , along with their Battle of Alberta rivals , the Calgary Flames , Vancouver Canucks , Los Angeles Kings , San Jose Sharks , and the expansion Mighty Ducks of Anaheim .   Edmonton would get off to a horrible start , starting the year 3 -- 18 -- 3 , before head coach Ted Green was fired and replaced by Glen Sather for the remainder of the season . The Oilers would play much better under Sather , but still fail to qualify for the playoffs for the 2nd straight season , finishing 18 points behind the 8th seeded San Jose Sharks . During the season , Edmonton would once again trade veteran players for youngsters , as team captain Craig MacTavish was dealt to the New York Rangers for Todd Marchant , while Dave Manson was shipped to the Winnipeg Jets for Boris Mironov .   Offensively , Doug Weight would lead the club with 74 points , while 19-year-old rookie Jason Arnott would score a team high 33 goals , and finish just behind Weight with 68 points . Shayne Corson and Zdeno Ciger would each score over 20 goals , with 25 and 22 respectively . Igor Kravchuk would lead the Oilers blueline with 12 goals and 50 points , while Bob Beers would put together a solid season on defense , scoring 10 goals and 37 points . Kelly Buchberger would be the team leader in penalty minutes , accumulating 199 .   In goal , Bill Ranford would appear in a career high 71 games , winning 22 of them , with a 3.48 GAA and 1 shutout . Rookie Fred Brathwaite would back him up , appearing in 19 games , and winning 3 of them .   The Oilers scored the fewest shorthanded goals ( 2 ) during the regular season .

neg: Eastern Conference (NHL) The Eastern Conference ( Conférence de l'Est ) is one of two conferences in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) used to divide teams . Its counterpart is the Western Conference .   Previously known as the Prince of Wales Conference ( or Wales Conference for short ) , it was created in 1974 when the NHL realigned its teams into two conferences and four divisions . Because the new conferences and divisions had little to do with North American geography , geographical references were removed . The conference was instead named for the Prince of Wales Trophy . . The current champions are the Pittsburgh Penguins , winning in 2016 -- 17 .   The Prince of Wales Trophy dates back to 1925 , when it was donated to the League by the then-current Prince of Wales , who later became King Edward VIII . It was originally given to the NHL 's champion . ( Until 1926 , the Stanley Cup was presented to the winner of a post-season playoff between the NHL and Western Hockey League champions . ) Since 1926 -- 27 , the Stanley Cup has gone to the NHL 's playoff champion . During the years when the NHL had no divisions , ( i.e. , 1925 -- 26 ; 1938 to 1967 ) , the Prince of Wales Trophy was presented to the League 's regular season champion ( analogous to today 's Presidents ' Trophy ) . From 1928 to 1937 , the Trophy went to the American Division regular season champion ; from 1967 to 1974 , it was presented to the East Division regular season champion ; and from 1974 to 1981 , it was presented to the Wales Conference regular season champion .   The conferences and divisions were re-aligned for the 1981 -- 82 to better reflect the geographical locations of the teams , but the existing names were retained with the Wales Conference becoming the conference primarily for the NHL 's eastern teams . The names of conferences and divisions were changed for the 1993 -- 94 season to reflect their geographic locations . Then-new NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman made the change to help non-hockey fans better understand the game , as the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , National Football League ( NFL ) and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) all use geographic-based names for their conferences and divisions . However , the trophy awarded to the conference champion , the Prince of Wales Trophy , retains some connection to the heritage of the League . In 2005 , following the 2004 -- 05 NHL lockout , Bettman changed the Eastern Conference logo ( along with the Western Conference and NHL logos ) to its current format .

neg: 1966 Memorial Cup The 1966 Memorial Cup was the 48th annual Memorial Cup competition , organized by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association ( CAHA ) to determine the champion of `` junior A '' ice hockey . The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Edmonton Oil Kings of the Central Alberta Hockey League in Western Canada . Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto , Ontario hosted the Final , which featured Bobby Orr , the Generals captain . It was the last of 18 Memorial Cup series to be played at the Gardens . In a best-of-seven series , Edmonton won their second Memorial Cup , defeating Oshawa four games to two . Orr was injured and played sparingly .


query: Cochrane is a organization that is non-governmental.

pos: Cochrane (organisation) Cochrane , previously known as the Cochrane Collaboration , is an independent , non-profit , non-governmental organization consisting of a group of more than 37,000 volunteers in more than 130 countries . The group was formed to organize medical research information in a systematic way to facilitate the choices that health professionals , patients , policy makers and others face in health interventions according to the principles of evidence-based medicine .   The group conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions and diagnostic tests , which it publishes in The Cochrane Library . A few reviews ( in fields such as occupational health ) have also studied the results of non-randomized , observational studies .

neg: Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany The Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany ( AWMF ; Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften ) , established in 1962 and located in Frankfurt am Main ( office at Düsseldorf ) , is the umbrella organisation of the more the 150 German medical societies .   AWMF advises the government of the Federal Republic of Germany as well as the governments of the German federal countries ( `` Bundesländer '' ) in all topics of scientific medicine and medical research and classification . It co-ordinates the national programm of medical guidelines of its member organisations being a member of the Guidelines International Network .  AWMF is the national member for Germany in the `` Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences CIOMS '' at WHO .   The German Journal for Evidence and Quality in Healthcare ZEFQ is one of the organisation 's official organs .

neg: Brighton Collaboration The Brighton Collaboration ( BC ) , named after the city in England where the idea was first formulated , is an independent global vaccine safety research network for health care professionals . It is a non-profit partnership providing high-quality vaccine safety information .   The Brighton Collaboration was launched in 2000 as a voluntary international organization to facilitate the development , evaluation , and dissemination of high quality information about the safety of human vaccines . The idea of the collaboration started in 1999 , following a presentation by Bob Chen at an international scientific vaccine conference in Brighton , U.K. . In his talk , he stressed the need to improve vaccine safety monitoring by developing internationally accepted standards . Among the members of the audience were Harald Heijbel , Ulrich Heininger , Tom Jefferson , and Elisabeth Loupi who approached Bob Chen after his presentation . The 5 of them decided to start the project to develop a common language and standardized research methodology to improve the accuracy of vaccine safety risk assessment modeled after the Cochrane Collaboration for evidence-based medicine

neg: Systematics Association The Systematics Association ( SystAss for short ) is a charitable organisation based in the UK founded in 1937 for the promotion of the study of systematics and taxonomy . It publishes research , organises conferences , and provides competitive research funds for systematics research .

neg: International POPs Elimination Network The International POPs Elimination Network ( IPEN ) is a global network of NGOs dedicated to the common aim of eliminating persistent organic pollutants .   IPEN is composed of public interest non-governmental organizations who support a common platform for the global elimination of POPs . The Participating Organizations ( POs ) of IPEN are those NGOs which have endorsed the POPs Elimination Platform and/or the Stockholm Declaration . Because the network is primarily engaged in facilitating information exchange and in supporting activities of its constituents , and because the purpose of the network does not include developing network-wide-policy statements , strategies , or action plans , a formal decision-making process for the network can be simple , flexible , and largely administrative in nature . ( IPEN 2005 )   The International POPs Elimination Network ( IPEN ) is a global network of more than 600 public interest non-governmental organizations working together for the elimination of persistent organic pollutants , on an expedited yet socially equitable basis . This mission includes achieving a world in which all chemicals are produced and used in ways that eliminate significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , and where persistent organic pollutants ( POPs ) and chemicals of equivalent concern no longer pollute our local and global environments , and no longer contaminate our communities , our food , our bodies , or the bodies of our children and future generations .

neg: UNISIST model The UNISIST model of information dissemination was proposed in 1971 by the United Nations . UNISIST ( United Nations International Scientific Information System ) is a model of the social system of communication , which consists of knowledge producers , intermediaries , and users . These groups of people ( or actors ) are different kinds of professionals . The social system also contains institutes such as research institutes , publishers , and libraries . The actors and institutions perform information services such as writing , publishing , storing and retrieving documents and information . The actors are communicating in both formal and informal ways and they are producing different kinds of documents such as journal articles , books , book reviews , proceedings , bibliographies and catalogues , dictionaries , handbooks , encyclopedias and review articles .   The UNISIST model can be used to define relations between various kinds of scientific and scholarly documents and to compare various domains and their discursive practices . It provides a classification of documents and information services into primary , secondary and tertiary services and products .   The original UNISIST model has been updated . The two most important reasons for the updated version have been :  to emphasize differences between different knowledge domains and their structures of communication  to reflect the changes in scientific and scholarly communication facilitated by the Internet and information technologies

neg: HRHIS A `` Human Resource for Health Information System '' ( `` HRHIS '' ) -- also known within the health care sector as `` human resource information system '' ( `` HRIS '' ) -- is a system for collecting , processing , managing and disseminating data and information on human resource for health ( HRH ) . Depending on the level of development of a country 's health care system and the organization of its workforce , an HRHIS can be computerized or paper-based , and including information on numbers and distribution of health workers and track their career information . It is usually an integral part of a comprehensive health management information system , and may be used to monitor and assess the performance of the overall health system .   For example , in Tanzania the title Human Resource for Health Information System refers to an open-source software solution for HRH information management developed by the Department of Computer Science , University of Dar es Salaam for the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare ( Tanzania ) , and funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency ( JICA ) and other development partners . The system supports the capture of data linked to any level in the organizational hierarchy and is customizable at both the input and output sides .   In Canada , the HRHIS is composed of multiple computerized components , including the National Physician Database and the Registered Nurses Database .   Similar systems have been developed and implemented elsewhere . In Uganda , an open-source HRHIS was implemented under the request of the Ugandan Ministry of Health ( MOH ) , to link and better manage a variety of independent sources of health workforce data , including data from censuses and other national surveys , MOH administrative records , district level sources , independent research studies , and health professional council data . In Brazil , the national web-based HRHIS ( known in Portuguese as sistema de informação e gestão de recursos humanos em saúde ) was implemented by the Brazilian Ministry of Health under a process of health systems reform and decentralization , catalyzed by the availability of new information technologies at the level of local health organizations . Botswana developed its HRHIS in 1994 , and Ministry of Health staff used the data as a basis for coordinated national workforce planning efforts with other agencies and ministries , such as the Department of Local Government which employs health workers in local regions .

neg: NeuroSearch NeuroSearch A/S is a Danish biotechnology company specializing in pharmaceuticals for treating diseases and disorders affecting the central nervous system ( CNS ) .

neg: Controlled substance A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture , possession , or use is regulated by a government , such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated a Controlled Drug in the United Kingdom .   In the United States , the Drug Enforcement Administration is responsible for suppressing illegal drug use and distribution by enforcing the Controlled Substances Act , which regulates both the drugs themselves and certain precursors . Some U.S. states have additional restrictions for substances which might or might not be regulated by the federal government . During the Obama Administration , the federal government also voluntarily suspended enforcement of federal laws restricting marijuana where people were operating in compliance with state law .   Some precursor chemicals used for the production of illegal drugs are also controlled substances in many countries , even though they may lack the pharmacological effects of the drugs themselves . Substances are classified according to schedules and consist primarily of potentially psychoactive substances . The controlled substances do not include many prescription items such as antibiotics .   Some states in the U.S. have statutes against health care providers self-prescribing and/or administering substances listed in the Controlled Substance Act schedules . This does not forbid licensed providers from self-prescribing medications not on the schedules .

neg: David Suzuki Foundation The David Suzuki Foundation is a science-based environmental organization headquartered in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with offices in Montreal and Toronto . It is a non-profit organization that is incorporated in both Canada and the United States , and is funded by close to 30,000 donors . The Foundation describes its goal as to :   Work towards balancing human needs with the Earth 's ability to sustain all life . Our goal is to find and communicate practical ways to achieve that balance .   The mission of the foundation is to `` protect the diversity of nature and our quality of life , now and for the future '' and their vision is `` that within a generation , Canadians act on the understanding that we are all interconnected and interdependent with nature '' .   Its origins lie in a 1989 `` think-tank '' retreat on Pender Island , British Columbia that was organized by David Suzuki and Tara Cullis . A dozen concerned individuals were invited , and inspired by those discussions the Foundation was incorporated on September 14 , 1990 . It officially opened its doors on January 1 , 1991 . It is a federally registered Canadian charity supported entirely by Foundation grants and donations . It does not accept any government funding , except from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada . It is also not a funding body for other organizations . Currently the Foundation employs roughly fifty staff members . The Foundation 's CEO is Peter Robinson , formerly the head of Mountain Equipment Co-op and BC Housing .

neg: ProRec The ProRec initiative of 1996 is a network of national non-profit organisations ( the `` ProRec centres '' ) . The initiative was a consequence of the conclusions of the Concerted Action MEDIREC ( 1994-1995 ) regarding the reasons why Electronic Health Record ( EHR ) systems were not used more widely in any of the European Union . As part of the Lisbon Declaration suggestions were made to remedy this situation .   The ProRec initiative is supported by the DG Information Society of the European Union . The DG Information Society supported the ProRec initiative with the ProRec Support Action ( 1996-1998 ) , and the WIDENET Accompanying Measure ( 2000-2003 ) .   The goal of the initiative is to build awareness of the limitations , shortcomings and obstacles on the way towards widespread development , implementation and use of quality Electronic Health Records ( EHRs ) and pointing them out . Especially significant for implementing Electronic Health Record systems is the ability to communicate and interoperate .

neg: Drug prohibition law Drug prohibition law is prohibition-based law by which governments prohibit , except under licence , the production , supply , and possession of many , but not all , substances which are recognized as drugs , and which corresponds to international treaty commitments in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 , the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 , and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 .   When produced , supplied or possessed under licence , otherwise prohibited drugs are known as controlled drugs . The aforementioned legislation is the cultural institution and social fact that de facto divides world drug trade as illegal vs legal , according to geopolitical issues . The United Nations has its own drug control programme , as part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ( UNODC ) , which was formerly called the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention ( ODCCP ) , and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs is the central drug policy-making body within the United Nations system .   The International Narcotics Control Board ( INCB ) is an independent and quasi-judicial control organ for the implementation of the United Nations drug control conventions . It is important to note that there are several different sets of `` schedules '' , or lists , of controlled drugs . One is the INCB schedules ( four schedules numbered I-IV ) , while another is the United States ' Controlled Substances Act schedules of controlled substances ( five schedules , numbered I-V ) . Other countries also have different classifications and numbers of lists , such as those of the United Kingdom and Canada .

neg: Data dissemination Data dissemination is the distribution or transmitting of statistical , or other , data to end users . There are many ways organisations can release data to the public , i.e. electronic format , CD-ROM and paper publications such as PDF files based on aggregated data .  The most popular dissemination method today is the ` non-proprietary ' open systems using internet protocols . `` They are used in data dissemination through various communication infrastructures across any set of interconnected networks . '' Data is made available in common open formats .   Some organisations choose to disseminate data using ` proprietary ' databases in order to protect their sovereignty and copyright of the data . Proprietary data dissemination requires a specific piece of software in order for end users to view the data . The data will not open in common open formats . The data is first converted into the propitiatory data format and specifically designed software is provided by the organisation to users .   Dissemination formats and standards  Under the Special Data Dissemination Standard , the formats are divided into two categories : `` hardcopy '' and `` electronic '' publications   Some examples of Hardcopy publications :   yearbook  panorama of municipalities  monthly review  trends  pocketbook  periodical   Some examples of electronic copy publications :  CD Rom  Webpage  PDF  Downloadable Databases for private use in 3rd party software applications   Standards   Standards have been developed in order to provide an internationally accepted statistical methodology for the dissemination of statistical data . The ` International Organization for Standardization ' ( ISO ) are one such international standard-setting body made up of representatives from various national standards organizations . They created the SDMX standard widely used around the world .  SDMX stands for ` Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange ' . It is commonly used in national and international statistical and economic data sharing systems . This standard is for the exchange of essential social and economic statistics , for example between European national agencies and Eurostat and the European Central Bank .  SDMX is used for the dissemination of multi-dimensional aggregated data .   The Data Documentation Initiative ( DDI ) was created by the DDI Alliance . DDI is an open metadata specification and covers the full data life cycle from planning through to dissemination and archiving data . It is most popularly used for social statistics micro data but is not limited to this subject area .  There are some examples online where these two standards are in use in proprietary data form . The following portals provide users with access to statistical data online from leading statistical agencies :   Some examples of Propitiatory data dissemination online   Public Transport Victoria Online Portal  Health Workforce Australia Online Portal  Cancer Council Victoria Online Portal  Catholic Education Office Canberra Online Portal  Department of Workplace and Pensions UK Online Portal  Australian Bureau of Statistics Table builder Table Builder Online Portal  King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Centre Online Portal

neg: Abbreviated New Drug Application An Abbreviated New Drug Application ( ANDA ) is an application for a U.S. generic drug approval for an existing licensed medication or approved drug .   The ANDA is submitted to FDA 's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Office of Generic Drugs , which provides for the review and ultimate approval of a generic drug product . Once approved , an applicant may manufacture and market the generic drug product to provide a safe , effective , low cost alternative to the American public . Electronic submissions of ANDAs have grown by 70 % since November 2008 . The Section IV challenge has been credited with suppressing new drug innovation .   A generic drug product is one that is comparable to an innovator drug product in dosage form , strength , route of administration , quality , performance characteristics and intended use . All approved products , both innovator and generic , are listed in FDA 's Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations ( Orange Book ) .   Generic drug applications are termed `` abbreviated '' because ( in comparison with a New Drug Application ) they are generally not required to include preclinical ( animal and in vitro ) and clinical ( human ) trial data to establish safety and effectiveness . Instead , generic applicants must scientifically demonstrate that their product is bioequivalent ( i.e. , performs in the same manner as the innovator drug ) . One way scientists demonstrate bioequivalence is to measure the time it takes the generic drug to reach the bloodstream in 24 to 36 healthy volunteers . This gives them the rate of absorption , or bioavailability , of the generic drug , which they can then compare to that of the innovator drug . The generic version must deliver the same amount of active ingredients into a patient 's bloodstream in the same amount of time as the innovator drug . In cases of topically active drugs , the bioequivalence of a drug can be demonstrated by comparing drugs dissolution or transdermal drug absorption is compared with the innovator drug . In cases of systemically active drugs , active drug blood concentration of that drug is compared with the innovator drug .   Using bioequivalence as the basis for approving generic copies of drug products was established by the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 , also known as the Hatch-Waxman Act . This Act expedites the availability of less costly generic drugs by permitting FDA to approve applications to market generic versions of brand-name drugs without conducting costly and duplicative clinical trials . At the same time , the brand-name companies can apply for up to five additional years longer patent protection for the new medicines they developed to make up for time lost while their products were going through FDA 's approval process . Brand-name drugs are subject to the same bioequivalence tests as generics upon reformulation .

neg: National Core for Neuroethics The National Core for Neuroethics at the University of British Columbia was established in August 2007 , with support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research , the Institute of Mental Health and Addiction , the Canada Foundation for Innovation , the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund , the Canada Research Chairs program , the UBC Brain Research Centre and the UBC Institute of Mental Health . Led by Judy Illes , the Core studies neuroethics , with particular focus on ethics in neurodegenerative disease and regenerative medicine , international and cross-cultural challenges in brain research , neuroimaging and ethics , the neuroethics of enhancement , and personalized medicine .   The Core 's major research projects are focused on the use of drugs and devices for neuroenhancement , ethics in neurodegenerative disease and regenerative medicine research , brain research , neuroimaging in the private sector , and the ethics of personalized medicine , among others . Members of the Core also lead initiatives aside from their research projects .   Considerable attention has been given to the Core by both the scholarly and non-academic media , with the Core featured in The New York Times , the Vancouver Sun , on the Canwest Global Newshour , and in the journal Science , amongst others . As an effort to engage the public in neuroethics discussion , the Core has recently started an online blog .

neg: Medscape Medscape is a web resource for physicians and health professionals . It features peer-reviewed original medical journal articles , CME ( Continuing Medical Education ) , a customized version of the National Library of Medicine 's MEDLINE database , daily medical news , major conference coverage , and drug information -- including a drug database ( Medscape Drug Reference , or MDR ) and drug interaction checker . All content in Medscape is available free of charge for professionals and consumers alike , but registration is required .

neg: Dignitas International Dignitas International is a medical and research organization , which is dedicated to improving access to lifesaving treatment and care for HIV , TB and related diseases in resource-limited settings . Dignitas was founded by James Orbinski and James Fraser , both formerly with Médecins Sans Frontières ( MSF/Doctors Without Borders ) , with an underlying belief in human dignity .   Dignitas works in partnership with patients , health workers , researchers and policymakers to tackle the barriers to health care in resource-limited communities . Dignitas emphasizes a balance between frontline care and research in order to treat patients , strengthen health systems and shape health policy and practice . Community-based care enables communities to overcome the lack of health care workers in regions overwhelmed by the AIDS pandemic . Dignitas 's work is based on the notion that by creating links between hospitals , health centres and communities , patients will have better access to with life-extending antiretroviral ( ARV ) therapies . Dignitas tries to develop and refine community-based approaches for HIV-related treatment and prevention so that the lessons learned can be disseminated to other parts of the developing world overwhelmed by AIDS .   Dignitas also conducts research in collaboration with the University of Toronto and other partners to monitor and evaluate effectiveness , improve programming , and inform the work of other stakeholders .   Since October 2004 , Dignitas has been working particularly in Zomba District , Malawi in partnership with the Malawi Ministry of Health , providing antiretroviral ( ARV ) therapy to thousands of children and adults in the country .

neg: Improvement Science Research Network The Improvement Science Research Network ( ISRN ) ( Principal Investigator : Kathleen R. Stevens , EdD , MS , RN , ANEF , FAAN ) is a large-scale academic-practice based healthcare research network that was created to accelerate interprofessional improvement science across multiple healthcare sites . In October , 2009 , development of the ISRN was supported by the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) through funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 's `` Grand Opportunities '' Program ( Principal Investigator/Director , Kathleen R. Stevens , EdD , MS , RN , ANEF , FAAN ) . The ISRN 's goal is to fill a national gap in improvement science through a sustained research network for testing system-focused improvement strategies in healthcare .   To anchor its interprofessional focus , the ISRN is part of the Institute for Integration of Medicine and Science ( NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award ) at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio ( UTHSCSA ) and is housed in the UTHSCSA School of Nursing .   The ISRN provides a national laboratory for investigators from across broad geographical range to study improvement , healthcare delivery systems , dissemination , implementation , translation , safety , and patient outcomes .   The ISRN infrastructure supports virtual collaboration in the conduct of network studies through direct engagement of study partners and sites , network study principal investigators , and centralized support . Built upon lessons learned from practice-based research networks ( PBRNs ) , the ISRN is registered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality as an active PBRN .

neg: Collaborative governance Governance is a broader concept than government and also includes the roles played by the community sector and the private sector in managing and planning countries , regions and cities . Collaborative Governance involves the government , community and private sectors communicating with each other and working together to achieve more than any one sector could achieve on its own . Ansell and Gash ( 2008 ) have explored the conditions required for effective collaborative governance . They say `` The ultimate goal is to develop a contingency approach of collaboration that can highlight conditions under which collaborative governance will be more or less effective as an approach to policy making and public management '' Collaborative governance covers both the informal and formal relationships in problem solving and decision-making . Conventional government policy processes can be embedded in wider policy processes by facilitating collaboration between the public , private and community sectors . Collaborative Governance requires three things , namely : support ; leadership ; and a forum . The support identifies the policy problem to be fixed . The leadership gathers the sectors into a forum . Then , the members of the forum collaborate to develop policies , solutions and answers .   There are many different forms of collaborative governance as such as Consensus Building and a Collaborative Network :  Consensus Building -- `` A process where stakeholders build consensus on actions to address specific public policy problems ; Community visioning is a process where members of a community build consensus on a descriptions of the community 's desired future and on actions to help make goals for the future a reality . ''  Collaborative Network -- `` This system is meant to accomplish more alignment among community needs , strategies of service agencies , priority outcomes , and resource allocation . It 's also meant to accomplish building social capital ; integration of human service delivery ; and interconnected strategies for relationship building , learning processes , and measurement and modeling among the participants . ''

neg: Health informatics Health informatics ( also called health care informatics , healthcare informatics , medical informatics , nursing informatics , clinical informatics , or biomedical informatics ) is informatics in health care . It is a multidisciplinary field that uses health information technology ( HIT ) to improve health care via any combination of higher quality , higher efficiency ( spurring lower cost and thus greater availability ) , and new opportunities . The disciplines involved include information science , computer science , social science , behavioral science , management science , and others . The NLM defines health informatics as `` the interdisciplinary study of the design , development , adoption and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery , management and planning . '' It deals with the resources , devices , and methods required to optimize the acquisition , storage , retrieval , and use of information in health and biomedicine . Health informatics tools include amongst others computers , clinical guidelines , formal medical terminologies , and information and communication systems . It is applied to the areas of nursing , clinical medicine , dentistry , pharmacy , public health , occupational therapy , physical therapy , biomedical research , and alternative medicine . All of which are designed to improve the overall of effectiveness of patient care delivery by ensuring that the data generated is of a high quality e.g. an mHealth based early warning scorecard .   The international standards on the subject are covered by ICS 35.240.80 in which ISO 27799:2008 is one of the core components .  Molecular bioinformatics and clinical informatics have converged into the field of translational bioinformatics .

neg: Access to Medicine Index The Access to Medicine Index is an independent initiative that ranks the world 's 20 largest research-based pharmaceutical companies according to their efforts to improve access to medicine in 107 low - to middle-income countries . The Index assesses how companies are making their products more available , affordable , accessible and acceptable to patients in need . By comparing companies to one another , the Index aims to stimulate pharmaceutical companies to play a bigger part in addressing the challenges of access to medicine in developing countries and to offer them insight into the activities of their peers . Furthermore , the Access to Medicine Index seeks to create a platform for stakeholders from the pharmaceutical industry , governments , investors , civil society , patient organisations and academia to gather and form a common view of how these pharmaceutical companies can make further progress .   The Access to Medicine Index is published every two years by the Access to Medicine Foundation , an international not-for-profit organisation dedicated to improving access to medicine for people in need . The organisation is based in Haarlem , The Netherlands and receives financial support from donors such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the UK Department for International Development ( DFID ) and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs .