query: Rain Man is incapable of winning anything.

pos: Rain Man Rain Man is a 1988 American road comedy-drama film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass . It tells the story of an abrasive and selfish young wheeler-dealer , Charlie Babbitt ( Tom Cruise ) , who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeathed all of his multimillion-dollar estate to his other son , Raymond ( Dustin Hoffman ) , an autistic savant , of whose existence Charlie was unaware . Charlie is left with only his father 's car and collection of rose bushes . In addition to the two leads , Valeria Golino stars as Charlie 's girlfriend , Susanna .   Morrow created the character of Raymond after meeting Kim Peek , a real-life savant ; his characterization was based on both Peek and Bill Sackter , a good friend of Morrow who was the subject of Bill , an earlier film that Morrow wrote .   Rain Man received overwhelmingly positive reviews , praising Hoffman 's role and the wit and sophistication of the screenplay , and was the highest-grossing film of 1988 . The film won four Oscars at the 61st Academy Awards ( March 1989 ) , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Director , and Best Actor in a Leading Role for Hoffman . Its crew received an additional four nominations . The film also won the Golden Bear at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival .

neg: His Chance in Life `` His Chance in Life '' is a short story by Rudyard Kipling . It was first published in the first Indian edition of Plain Tales from the Hills ( 1888 ) , and in subsequent editions of that collection . The story is illuminating about Kipling 's attitudes to race , which are less cut-and-dried than is often thought . Kipling is interesting , if not very detailed , on people of mixed race and the snobberies involved . ( For some detail , see the Kipling Society notes . )   The epigraph includes the line '' ` Love hath made this thing a Man ' '' , which adumbrates one of Kipling 's themes in this story , as in others . The ` love ' in ` His Chance in Life ' is that between Michele d'Cruze , who `` looked down on natives as only a man with seven-eighths native blood in his veins can '' and Miss Vezzis , similarly `` from across the Borderline '' `` where the last drop of White blood ends and the full tide of black sets in '' . D'Cruze works as a telegrapher , and Miss Vezzis ' Mamma wo n't let them marry till he earns at least 50 rupees per month : he has 35 rupees a month at the start of the story .   The story concerns his new posting to the telegraph station at Tibasu , a remote sub-station whose real function is only to relay messages . One day in the Muslim period of Mohurrum , the locals start a riot , with Hindus and Muslims joining in : `` It was a nasty little riot , but not worth putting in the papers . '' An angry crowd approaches Michele 's office with the intention of wrecking it . ( `` Never forget that unless the outward and visible signs of Our Authority are always before a native he is as incapable as a child of understanding what authority means , or where is the danger of disobeying it '' - a second theme of Kipling 's is that of the difference between the British and the Indian , in terms of ` fitness to rule ' . ) The Native Police Inspector panics , but obeys `` the old race-instinct which recognises a drop of White blood as far as it can be diluted '' , asks `` the Sahib '' for orders . `` The Sahib decided Michele . '' He leads the native police and fires on the crowd , killing a man , whereupon the others flee `` curs to a man '' . A deputation of the locals claim he has acted unconstitutionality , citing the ( presumably native ) Sub-Judge . Michele replies that he is the effective Government , and the deputation `` bowed their heads '' .   The next day , Michele greets the Sub-Collector . '' -LSB- I -RSB- n the presence of this young Englishman '' , Michele loses the effect of whiteness and weeps , to his shame . `` But the Englishman understood '' , reports Michele 's conduct favourably , through the Proper Channels , and he is transferred back ` up-country ' on a salary of 66 rupees per month . So he marries Miss Vezzis . `` Which proves that , when a man does good work out of all proportion to his pay , in seven cases out of nine there is a woman at the back of the virtue . ''   All quotations in this article have been taken from the Uniform Edition of Plain Tales from the Hills published by Macmillan & Co. , Limited in London in 1899 . The text is that of the third edition ( 1890 ) , and the author of the article has used his own copy of the 1923 reprint . Further comment , including page-by-page notes , can be found on the Kipling Society 's website .   Category :1888 short stories  Category : Short stories by Rudyard Kipling  Category : Rudyard Kipling stories about India

neg: Technical fall In amateur wrestling , a technical fall , or technical superiority , is a victory condition satisfied by outscoring one 's opponent by a specified number of points . It is wrestling 's version of the mercy rule . A technical fall is also known as `` tech '' for short ; colloquially : `` I teched him '' as verb .   In collegiate and scholastic ( folkstyle ) wrestling , a differential of fifteen points ends the match regardless of when it occurs . If the high-scoring wrestler is able to pin the low-scoring wrestler as a continuation of the near fall whose points gave the decisive margin , the pin is awarded , but if the wrestler is unable to get the pin , then the match ends as described above .   Under the old rules of freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling , a ten-point differential ended the match .   Under the rules adopted in 2004 -- 05 by FILA , the international styles moved to a three-period system similar to a best of three series ; the technical fall wins only the period , as opposed to a pin , which ends the match entirely . However , if a wrestler wins two out of three periods in this way , he is then the winner of the match by technical superiority . The new technical fall can be achieved in three ways :  Creating a six-point differential  Executing two three-point throws , which either take the opponent from his feet to the danger position ( his back ) , or are grand-amplitude throws which do not end in the danger position  Executing one grand-amplitude throw ending in the danger position . A grand amplitude throw is one in which the opponent is taken from his feet to his back with his feet going directly above his head .

neg: Great Sluggers , the full Japanese name : , is a baseball arcade game that was released by Namco in 1993 , only in Japan ; it was the first game to run upon the company 's then-new NB-1 hardware , and the gameplay is largely similar to the System 2 era ( 1991-1993 ) of their own World Stadium series as both players must take control of two of twelve real-life Japanese baseball teams in the Central and Pacific Leagues , then select one of four stadiums for the match to take place in ( two of which , the Dome and Kōshien , had been carried over from that World Stadium series , but the latter has been renamed to `` Urban '' , and the other two , the Hillside and Kaihei Dome , were created specifically for this game ) . All four also feature advertisements for the older titles of Starblade , Pac-Man , Mappy , Pac-Land , Dig Dug , Net-tō ! Geki-tō ! Quiz-tō !! , Final Lap , Emeraldia , Numan Athletics and Namco 's then-existent `` Wonder Eggs '' theme park in Tokyo ( which closed down in 2000 ) - and like Super World Stadium '92 Gekitōban and Super World Stadium '93 Gekitōhen , there was also a `` FAVOR '' setting in the options menu which allowed arcade operators to show their support for their local baseball team during the title 's attract sequence . A sequel named Great Sluggers '94 was released the following year , but in the United States ; it plays like an `` Americanized '' version of both the World Stadium series and its predecessor and has twenty-eight teams for both players to choose from , but it only has two stadiums for the match to take place in ( `` Traditional '' and `` Modern '' , and the latter is the Kaihei Dome stadium from this title ) . It also replaces the advertisement for Net-tō ! Geki-tō ! Quiz-tō !! with one for Dragon Buster , as it was not Japan-exclusive .

neg: Rain Shower `` Rain Shower '' , also `` Shower '' or `` Sonagi , '' is a Korean short story written by Korean writer Hwang Sun-won in 1959 . `` Rain Shower '' is a translation of the Korean title `` Sonagi . '' A sonagi is a brief but heavy rain shower that starts suddenly , usually on a hot afternoon . In Hwang 's story , the rain shower symbolizes the short but heart-rending love between the boy and the girl . The story begins with the boy encountering the girl playing by the stream on his way back home .   Although many of Hwang 's short stories are notable , `` Rain Shower '' is cited as his timeless Korean classic by Koreans . Koreans of all ages are acquainted with this story . It is famous for its poignant depiction of the Korean countryside and of innocent adolescent love . The picturesque scenes from this story stir nostalgia for many people .   `` Rain Shower , '' like many of Hwang 's other stories , was written while he lived as a refugee with his family during the Korean War .   The scene from the story where the boy and the girl avoid the rain shower together has become a favorite in many Korean romantic films . There is a 1979 Korean film based on the short story ( also called Sonagi ) . Two notable films that heavily reference the story include the 2001 Korean romantic comedy , My Sassy Girl , and the 2003 Korean melodrama , The Classic .

neg: Sperm competition Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction . Competition can occur when females have multiple potential mating partners . Greater choice and variety of mates increases a female 's chance to produce more viable offspring . However , multiple mates for a female means an individual male has decreased chances of producing offspring .  Sperm competition is an evolutionary pressure on males , and has led to the development of adaptations to increase males ' chance of reproductive success . Sperm competition results in a sexual conflict of interest between males and females . Males have evolved several defensive tactics including : mate-guarding , mating plugs , and releasing toxic seminal substances to reduce female re-mating tendencies to cope with sperm competition . Offensive tactics of sperm competition involve direct interference by one male on the reproductive success of another male , for instance by physically removing another male 's sperm prior to mating with a female . For an example , see Gryllus bimaculatus .   Sperm competition is often compared to having tickets in a raffle ; a male has a better chance of winning ( i.e. fathering offspring ) the more tickets he has ( i.e. the more sperm he inseminates a female with ) . However , sperm are not free to produce , and as such males are predicted to produce sperm of a size and number that will maximize their success in sperm competition . By making many spermatozoa , males can buy more `` raffle tickets '' , and it is thought that selection for numerous sperm has contributed to the evolution of anisogamy with very small sperm ( because of the energy trade-off between sperm size and number ) . Alternatively , a male may evolve faster sperm to enable his sperm to reach and fertilize the female 's ovum first . Dozens of adaptations have been documented in males that help them succeed in sperm competition .

neg: Rainmaker (business) In business , a rainmaker is a person who brings in new business and wins new accounts almost by magic , since it is often not readily apparent how this new business activity is caused . It means generating substantial new business or additional cash flow from sources sometimes outside established business channels , sometimes by connecting with people in non-traditional or hidden markets , and sometimes by prompting current clients to spend more money . A rainmaker is usually a key figure in the business or organization , not merely a salesperson , but a principal or executive who is usually highly regarded within the enterprise .   The origin of the business sense of rainmaker may be an allusion to the Native American practice of dancing to encourage deities to bring forth the rain necessary for crops . In summertime during a drought , for instance , the rainmaker would dance and sing songs on the plains , and the activity was believed by others in the tribe to magically cause clouds to come and bring the life-giving rain . By analogy , a business rainmaker would magically bring new business and clients to a firm or generate more revenue from existing customers and donors , and rain is a metaphor for money . An example was the late advertising agency executive Frederick D. Sulcer who was described as a rainmaker after bringing numerous new accounts to the agency . According to one view , the role of the rainmaker is to find a dormant business problem and then create a vision of what life could be like if that problem were solved .   The term rainmaking is also applied to political fund-raising ; for example , United States president Barack Obama was described as a rainmaker in his effort to raise money for other politicians .

neg: Third place playoff The match for third place , third place play-off , bronze medal game or consolation game is a single match that is included in many sporting knockout tournaments to decide which competitor or team will be credited with finishing third and fourth . The teams that compete in the third place playoff game are usually the two losing semi-finalists in a particular knockout tournament . Many tournaments use the third place playoff to determine who wins the bronze medal . In tournaments that do not award medals , a third place playoff is a classification match that serves little more than as a consolation to the losing semi-finalists . A consolation game also allows teams to play more than one game after having invested time , effort and money in the quest for a championship . In some tournaments , a third place playoff is necessary for seeding purposes if all four semi-finalists advance to another tournament .   Third place playoffs are subject to debate . Many sports tournaments do not have a third place playoff due to a lack of interest . It has been criticised by some who feel that the match serves little purpose , but others see this game as an occasion for the losing semi-finalists to salvage some pride . How seriously the competitors or teams take a third place playoff , may also be mixed : a heavily-favoured team that lost in an upset in the semi-final round may not have as much incentive to win as would a `` Cinderella '' team who was not expected to advance that far .

neg: Rubber soldiers Rubber soldiers ( Portuguese : Soldados da borracha ) were people in Brazil which were compulsorily drafted to harvest rubber in the Amazon rainforest during World War II .   The `` rubber soldiers '' program was a consequence of the Brazil-United States Political-Military Agreement during the war , after the United States were cut off by Japan from its major supply of rubber in Malaysia . About 55,000 persons were mostly transferred from drought-stricken northeast areas and contributed to the second rubber boom in Brazil . They were enlisted into the Serviço Especial de Mobilização de Trabalhadores para a Amazônia ( SEMTA ; `` Special Service of Mobilization of Workers for the Amazon '' ) , with support of several other governmental organizations .   Each migrant signed a contract with SEMTA which offered a small salary for the worker during their transport to the Amazon region . Upon arrival , they received a payment of 60 % of the total profit which had been obtained with the rubber . The basic kit they received included basic clothing , eating equipment , a net , and a carton of Colomy cigarettes . After being recruited , the volunteers were placed in specially-built housing , under strict military watch , and then sent into the Amazon , on trips which could last two to three months .   For many workers , it was a one-way journey . About 30,000 rubber workers died abandoned in the Amazon , after having exhausted their energies extracting the `` white gold . '' They died of malaria , yellow fever , and hepatitis , and were attacked by animals such as panthers , serpents , and scorpions . The Brazilian government also did not fulfill its promise to return the `` rubber soldiers '' to their homes at the end of the war as heroes and with housing comparable to that of the military .

neg: Water privatisation in Jakarta Water privatisation in Jakarta began when the British water company Thames Water entered into an agreement with the son of then-President Suharto in 1993 to obtain a water concession . Under the influence of the French water company Suez , however , the government decided to split the city 's service area between the two companies . The government awarded Thames Water and Suez each a concession for one half of the city without competitive bidding . The contracts foresaw water charge increases that would allow the companies to earn a comfortable 22 percent rate of return . However , only two months after the contracts were signed , the Indonesian rupiah massively lost in value due to the East Asian financial crisis , and President Suharto was toppled . The concessions survived , but the government imposed a tariff freeze and the contracts had to be renegotiated to reduce their targets . In 2006 Suez sold half and Thames Water all its shares to Indonesian investors .   The main targets of the concession were to increase service coverage from an initial 46 percent and to reduce water losses from 61 percent . The original target of the concessions was to reach 75 percent service coverage in 2008 and 100 percent at the end of the concession . They also aimed to reduce water losses to 25 percent by 2008 and 20 percent by the end of the concession . These targets were substantially loosened during the renegotiations : The new 2008 targets were 68 percent for service coverage and 42 percent for water losses . In 2008 service coverage reached only 64 percent and water losses were reduced to only 50 percent . During the same period , water tariffs increased threefold . This increase was partly due to increases in the cost of electricity and bulk water purchases which are passed through by the private companies to the customers .   On 24 March 2015 the Central Jakarta District Court ruled the privatisation of Jakarta 's water was illegal and ordered the return of the water system to public control . The court noted that the private operators were `` negligent in fulfilling the human right to water for Jakarta 's residents . '' The government of Indonesia and the private operators lodged an appeal against the court decision . The government , which wants to attract private infrastructure investment , has not made any preparations to buy back the concessions , which remain in place pending a final court decision .

neg: Airpower Airpower or air power comprises the application of military strategy and strategic theory to the realm of aerial warfare . Airpower began with the advent of powered flight early in the 20th century . Airpower represents a `` complex operating environment that has been subjected to considerable debate '' . British doctrine defines airpower as `` the ability to project power from the air and space to influence the behaviour of people or the course of events . ''   Airpower is a function of air supremacy and numbers . Roughly speaking , a combatant side that has 100 % or near 100 % control of the skies has air supremacy ; an advantage of some 70 -- 90 % would indicate air superiority . A 50/50 split is air parity ; lower than this , one side may be said to be air denied or air incapable . Because aeroplanes generally take off from designed airfields on missions typically involving some hours of cruising , the precise state of air superiority is fluid and less defined vis-a-vis land or sea warfare . For example , a contested airspace directly above a battlespace bristling with anti-aircraft weapons may be denied to the air forces of both sides . Further , the completely different situations of a technologically advanced airforce with one flight of high-tech planes ( air supremacy but low capacity ) or a low-tech force of massive numbers of low-tech planes ( e.g. , An-2 ) resulting in high capacity but low long-term survivability demonstrate that ` air power ' is multi-faceted and complex .   Significant contributors to theorizing about air power have been Giulio Douhet , Billy Mitchell , John Boyd and John A. Warden III .   At the start of World War I , opinions differed on the national air forces and the value of airships .  Some early strategists/visionaries after World War I imagined that airpower alone would suffice to bring nations to their knees . The Bombing of Guernica was an early trial that revealed both capabilities and limitations . But yet another maxim , `` no war was ever won solely by airpower '' was challenged by the NATO victory in Kosovo . Airpower has been used to conduct lightning strategic strikes , to complement land offensives , to instill fear and lower morale similarly to a fleet in being , and to create broad-based destruction behind enemy lines . With airpower , supplies can be transported by cargo planes , providing a decisive edge in mobility .   Military and civilian aircraft interact in a number of complex ways , including shootdowns of civilian planes , whether mistaken or not ; military escorts of civilian planes ; civilian planes being used for military transport , espionage , or other purposes ; and/or no-fly zones being enforced to punish or sanction a target nation . Airpower also relates to space power , although militarization of space remains regulated by international treaty .   Developed nations have enjoyed a consistent advantage in airpower since the beginning of mechanized flight . Airpower has been wielded mostly decisively in the last hundred years by Nazi Germany , the United Kingdom , the United States , the Soviet Union , Japan , Italy , and France , with many client nations using aircraft developed by one or more of these nations . A mass technological base is considered necessary for the development of airpower .

neg: Glorantha Glorantha is a fantasy world created by Greg Stafford . It was first introduced in the board game White Bear and Red Moon ( 1975 ) by Chaosium , and thereafter in a number of other board , roleplaying and computer games , including RuneQuest and HeroQuest , as well as several works of fiction and the computer strategy game King of Dragon Pass . The Gloranthan world is characterised by its complex use of mythology , heavily influenced by the universalist approaches of Joseph Campbell and Mircea Eliade , its Howardian ethos , its long and distinctive history as a setting for role-playing games , its community development and expansion , and ( unusual among early American fantasy role-playing games ) its relative lack of Tolkienesque influence .   Stafford began imagining Glorantha in 1966 as a way to deepen his own understanding of mythology . He founded the company Chaosium to publish the board wargame White Bear and Red Moon in 1974 ( other sources say 1975 ) , which was set in Glorantha . Chaosium later published other games in the setting , including the critically acclaimed RuneQuest . Various later editions of RuneQuest , the narrative role-playing game HeroQuest ( the first edition of which was published as Hero Wars ) , and the video game King of Dragon Pass were also set in Glorantha , as were several prominent fan efforts . Stafford has also explored the Gloranthan setting in the fantasy novel King of Sartar and a number of unfinished works published under the collective name of `` the Stafford Library '' .   In Glorantha , magic operates from the everyday level of prayers and charms to the creation and maintenance of the world . Heroes make their way in the world , and may also venture into metaphysical realms to gain knowledge and power , at the risk of body and soul . In the more recent material competing magical outlooks , such as theism , shamanism and mysticism , exist to explain the world . Within each metaphysical system , adherents may also compete - such as when theistic worshipers of rival gods battle each other . The world is flat , with a dome-like sky , and it has been shaped in large and small ways by the mythic actions of the gods . The ` historical ' world of Glorantha is in a more or less fallen state , having recovered only partially from a universal battle against Chaos in the mythic Godtime .   Humans are the dominant race , but other sentient beings abound . Some , such as the mystic dragonewts , are unique to Glorantha . Familiar nonhuman races , such as elves and dwarves , are distinct from their common , Tolkienesque portrayals .

neg: Tilt (poker) Tilt is a poker term for a state of mental or emotional confusion or frustration in which a player adopts a less than optimal strategy , usually resulting in the player becoming over-aggressive . This term is closely associated with `` steam '' and some consider the terms equivalent , although steam typically carries more anger and intensity .   Placing an opponent on tilt or dealing with being on tilt oneself is an important aspect of poker . It is a relatively frequent occurrence due to frustration , animosity against other players , or simply bad luck . Experienced players recommend learning to recognize that one is experiencing tilt and avoid allowing it to influence one 's play .   One possible origin of the word `` tilt '' is as a reference to tilting a pinball machine . The frustration from seeing the ball follow a path towards the gap between the flippers can lead to the player physically tilting the machine in an attempt to guide the ball towards the flippers . However , in doing so , some games will flash the word `` TILT '' and freeze the flippers , causing the ball to be lost for certain ; as in poker , this suggests that over-aggression due to frustration leads to severely detrimental playing techniques .   While `` tilting '' originally applied to poker , it has recently become a common term when talking about other games , especially eSports titles such as Counter-Strike : Global Offensive , Dota 2 , and League of Legends .

neg: Frog (game) Frog ( also known as Toad ) is a solitaire card game which is played with two decks of playing cards . Because of its gameplay , it belongs to the same family of solitaire games as Strategy , Sir Tommy , Calculation , and Puss in the Corner .   Thirteen cards are dealt face up to become the reserve , also known as the `` Frog . '' Any aces that are about to be dealt are separated and placed in the foundations ; they are not counted in the reserve count . Once the reserve is formed , it is then squared up ( i. e. arranged to become one neat pile ) and placed on the tableau face up . The aces that are separated in making the reserve are placed next to the reserve . In case there is no ace segregated in making the reserve , an ace is removed from the stock to become the first foundation .   The foundations are built up regardless of suit up to kings . The aces already in the foundations can be built immediately while any ace that becomes available in the game is placed in the foundations .   The cards are dealt one at a time onto one of five wastepiles . It is the player 's discretion where each pile is placed as long as it is placed in one of only five wastepiles . The top cards of each wastepile is available for play to the foundations . The same goes for the top card of the reserve . However , once a card is in a wastepile , it stays there until it can be built on the foundations . Also , there is no redeal .   The game ends long after the stock runs out . The game is won when all cards are built in the foundations .   As in the other games mentioned above , it is a good idea to reserve a wastepile for both kings and queens and to build downwards whenever possible in order to win .

neg: Ōi (shogi) is one of the seven titles in Japanese professional shogi . The word means `` the king 's rank '' = king , i = rank or position ) .   The annual tournament started in 1960 sponsored by a group of local newspapers which has consisted of Shimbun Sansha Rengō ( Three-Newspaper Association ) . With the addition of Ōi , there were four major shogi titles along with Meijin , Kudan ( Ryu-oh ) , and Osho .   The challenger for the title is determined by three-step preliminary round that comprises 1st heat , league competition and final playoff . Top eight players in 1st heat and top four players of previous year are divided into two six-player leagues . Top one of each league advances to final playoff , and the winner of one-game match becomes the challenger .   The player that wins four games out of seven first in the championship will become the new Ōi title holder . Each championship games assign players a six-hour playtime during two days .

neg: Spud (game) Spud is a game for children and adults , where players try to eliminate each other by catching and throwing an inflated and generally soft ball . It is related to `` call ball '' and `` ball tag '' .   As few as three may play , with no upper limit . A large , open area is required . The game begins with each player being assigned a number , in secret , with the highest number corresponding to the number of players . For example , if 5 people are playing , each player will be assigned one of the numbers 1 through 5 . A player is chosen as ` It . ' The person who is It stands in the approximate center of the playing area , with one foot in front of the other . All of the other players must then touch one of their feet to its inward foot , and then step backwards 3 paces . This 3-step-backward set-up is required . When all of the players have stepped backward 3 paces , the person who is It throws the ball straight into the air and calls the number of another player . The ball must be thrown straight up .   When the ball is thrown skyward , all of the players then dash away until the player whose number is called both ( 1 ) gains possession of the ball ; and ( 2 ) calls out ` Spud ! ' At that point , all of the players must freeze . If , while they were running , they were unable to stop immediately , those players must retrace their steps and return to the point that they were in contact with when Spud ! was called . In no event may any of the players run around corners or hide behind trees . In all instances , they must be in sight of the player who has gained possession of the ball . At this point , the player who has the ball is allowed to take an identified number of giant steps toward one or more of the other players . Smaller , younger , or older players may be given the option of taking more steps . After the steps are taken , the person with the ball will try to hit one of the other players with the ball . The target player may not move his or her feet or duck , but may sway , bend , shimmy , and shift .   If the target player comes into contact with the thrown ball in any way ( unless he or she catches the ball ) , he or she is penalized with one letter ( i.e. , S P U or D ) , and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . If the target player does not come into contact with the thrown ball or the target player catches the ball , the player who threw the ball is penalized with one letter , and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round .   When a player receives four penalty letters ( S P U D ) , that person is required to go through a spanking machine , and a new game is begun . For another variation , a player who receives four Penalty letters is simply removed from the game , and the other players continue playing with their original penalty letters in place . When there are only 2 players left playing under this variation , there are two ways for the game to end . First , both players can be declared victors . Second , one of the removed players throws the ball into the air for the final round .   In another variation , the highest of the secretly-assigned numbers is 2 greater than the number of players . In this version , the 2 secretly unassigned numbers are referred to as ` ghost numbers . ' If the player throwing the ball into the air calls a ghost number , all players will then chase after the ball and try to touch it . The last player to touch the ball is penalized with one letter and is then charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . While kicking the ball is permitted , players may not kick the ball if it is within 3 feet of another player ( for purposes of safety ) . In this instance , the player may simply touch or punch the ball with another part of the body besides his or her feet . In this version , when a player is removed , his or her number also becomes a ghost number . In all instances , a player who wants to call a ghost number must throw the ball sufficiently high and in the air to remove any advantage that he or she would otherwise have .

neg: Even money Even money is a wagering proposition with even odds - the bettor stands to lose or win the same amount of money . Beyond gambling , even money can mean an event whose occurrence is about as likely to occur as not . Even money is also known as 50 -- 50 .   In professional gambling , even money bets typically do not have odds that are indeed 50 -- 50 . Therefore , successful gamblers have to examine any bets they make in light of the odds really being even money . For example , in roulette , betting on red or black is an even money bet . However , the presence of the green 0 and the 00 means that statistically the bettor will lose more than 50 % of the time . There are variations of the game that offer en prison on 37 number tables so if a 0 is rolled , the bettor neither wins or loses but his or her bet rides again on the next roll ; if the bet-upon event occurs on the second spin , the even-money wager is returned to the bettor . There still is not a 50-50 chance of winning , but a lot closer , since the house edge is reduced by almost 50 % .   In blackjack , even money bet is a side bet offered to a player that has a natural ( an Ace and a ten-valued card ) in case the dealer has an Ace as a face-up card . This bet costs half the size of the original bet . Even money bet protects the player from a push if the dealer has a blackjack . In case the dealer does have a blackjack , the player will push on the original bet and get a 2 to 1 payout on the even money side bet . However if the dealer does not have a blackjack , the player will be paid 3 to 2 on the original bet and lose the even money bet . Mathematically , requesting `` even money '' on a natural on a table that pays 3:2 for a natural is the same as an insurance bet since the 50 % bonus is being used to buy the insurance .

neg: Rainmaking Rainmaking , also known as artificial precipitation , artificial rainfall and pluviculture , is the act of attempting to artificially induce or increase precipitation , usually to stave off drought . According to the clouds ' different physical properties , this can be done using airplanes or rockets to sow to the clouds with catalysts such as dry ice , silver iodide and salt powder , to make clouds rain or increase precipitation , to remove or mitigate farmland drought , to increase reservoir irrigation water or water supply capacity , or to increase water levels for power generation .   In the United States , rainmaking was attempted by traveling showmen . It was practiced in the old west , but may have reached a peak during the dust bowl drought of the American West and Midwest in the 1930s . The practice was depicted in the 1956 film The Rainmaker . Attempts to bring rain directly have waned with development of the science of meteorology , the advent of laws against fraud and increased communication technology , with some exceptions such as cloud seeding and forms of prayer including rain dances , which are still practiced today . Prayer for more rain is also a cross cultural practice in Christians and Muslims in areas where people keep `` traditional '' non-scriptural religions . In the Christian areas the Defteras ( learned clerics of the Orthodox Christian Church ) believed to have the wisdom to arrest the rain , to bring hail to farms of individuals who refuse to comply with religious rules as well as to bring more rains when the rainy season fell short of giving the usual amount of rain needed for growing cereals .   The term is also used metaphorically to describe the process of bringing new clients into a professional practice , such as law , architecture , consulting , advertising , or investment banking -- in general , processes that bring money into a company .   It is also used to describe a confidence trick where the scammer takes money from the victim to influence a system over which they have no real control , but a random chance of the outcome happening anyway .

neg: Floods in India Flooding occurs when extreme volume of water is dried by rivers , creeks and many other geographical features into areas where the water can not be drained adequately . Often during times of heavy rainfall , drainage systems in residential areas are not adequate , or unchecked civil development severely impedes the functionality of an otherwise acceptable drainage system . Floods cause extremely large numbers of fatalities in every country , but due to India 's extremely high population density and often under-enforced development standards , large amount of damages and many deaths which could be otherwise avoided , are allowed to happen . India witnesses flood due to excessive rain which then results in overflow of rivers , lakes and dams , which adds to cause large amounts of damage to people 's lives and property . In the past , India has witnessed many of the largest , most catastrophic floods , causing irreparable damage to people 's livelihood , property , and crucial infrastructure .   This is a list of notable recorded floods that have occurred in India .

neg: Hatomander The was an electoral reform proposed in the 1950s by Japanese prime minister Ichirō Hatoyama and his third cabinet . His plan was to replace the SNTV multi-member constituencies for the House of Representatives ( usually called chū-senkyo-ku , `` medium electoral districts '' , in Japanese ) entirely with First-past-the-post single-member districts ( shō-senkyo-ku , `` small electoral districts '' ) . The change would have made it easier for Hatoyama 's Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ) to gain a two-thirds majority on its own , enabling him to pursue his plan to change the Japanese Constitution , particularly Article 9 . The plan faced strong opposition led by the Japanese Socialist Party ( JSP ) that accused Hatoyama of wanting to `` hatomander '' the electoral districts to his needs . An electoral reform bill was presented to the Diet in March 1956 , passed the House of Representatives in May 1956 , but was not voted on in the House of Councillors in a still ongoing debate at the end of the Diet session . The LDP failed to win a majority in the House of Councillors election in July , and the plan was shelved .   A second attempt to introduce `` small '' electoral districts , but this time under a parallel voting system with proportional representation , was made by LDP president and prime minister Kakuei Tanaka in 1973 . The left still opposed the plan fiercely -- this time its opponents called it the Kakumander ( カクマンダー , kakumandā ) . Even the LDP could n't fully agree on a reform bill , so it never came to a vote in the Diet . A third drive for single-member districts under LDP president and prime minister Toshiki Kaifu in 1991 , again under a parallel voting system , sometimes referred to as the Kaimander , already faced strong opposition within the LDP and did n't succeed . Some , among them LDP secretary general Ichirō Ozawa , also argued for the original `` Hatomander '' consisting exclusively of single-member districts .   During the ultimately successful debate over electoral reform in the 1990s , parts of the JSP remained opposed to the introduction of single-member districts creating friction in the anti-LDP multi-party coalition under Morihiro Hosokawa . An electoral reform bill was eventually launched in 1994 that -- unlike the original `` Hatomander '' plan -- also introduced a parallel voting system in which about a third of seats are filled by proportional representation . The breakaway New Socialist Party , a splinter group of five leftist Socialist members of parliament who left the JSP in 1996 when it renamed itself the Social Democratic Party ( SDP ) , remained strictly opposed to the new single-member districts .   The SDP , unlike the JSP a minor party , the Japanese Communist Party ( JCP ) and Kōmeitō have lost most of their district seats following the electoral reform to the LDP and the Democratic Party ( DPJ ) that emerged as the second major party from the party realignments of the 1990s . In 2009 , the SDP won three district seats in an electoral cooperation with the DPJ , Kōmeitō and JCP only won proportional seats . While the new electoral system produced two strong parties , the parallel voting system ensured that the smaller parties in parliament were not completely eliminated as the original Hatomander plan had intended .

neg: Zone of control In board wargames , zones of control ( ZOC ) represent the tiles adjacent to tiles occupied by objects . For example , in hexagonal tiled maps , the six hexagons adjacent to the hexagon occupied by a unit could be considered to be in its `` zone of control . ''   Zones of control commonly are used to represent the portion of the map over which a military ground formation has a direct influence , due to the range of its weapons and the distance its sub-units may deploy from its center of gravity . Game rules often include specific effects associated with a zone of control . Typical effects include one or more of the following :   Destruction of retreating enemy units .  Enemy units must be attacked .  Increased movement cost .  Interdiction of enemy supply lines .  Partly negate enemy zone of control .  Prevent further movement , including voluntary advances or retreats .  Reveal hidden enemy units .   Zones of Control also represent the indirect effect a formation has on the movement rate of an enemy unit in its vicinity . That is , units deep behind friendly lines , and so outside enemy zones of control , may move almost at road speed under many conditions , while once they approach an enemy unit - and so enter its Zone of Control - their movement rate should slow dramatically , perhaps only to yards per hour , which in game terms is indistinguishable from stopping in the presence of the enemy .   Zones of control come in many forms , including fluid ( sometimes called elastic ) , rigid and locking . Each type is judged by its effect on an enemy unit . For example , a fluid zone of control increases the movement cost of an enemy unit in its grasp ( that is , it slows the enemy unit 's speed ) ; a rigid zone of control will force enemy units to stop and a locking zone of control will prevent an enemy unit from voluntarily leaving its position without combat . A zone of control may produce almost any combination of effects the game designer wishes .   Depending on what a designer is trying to represent , zones of control may be cancelled by terrain features such as mountains and rivers , by the presence of enemy units , or even by enemy zones of control .   Strategy computer games , such as the Civilization series , commonly use zones of control as a method to balance combat and grant extra strength to units in pairs .


query: Reese Witherspoon was named Global Ambassador of Avon Products in the 21st century.

pos: Reese Witherspoon Laura Jeanne Reese Witherspoon ( -LSB- ˈriːs_ˈwɪðərspuːn -RSB- born March 22 , 1976 ) is an American actress , producer , and entrepreneur . Born in New Orleans and raised in Tennessee , she began her career as a child actress , making her professional screen debut in The Man in the Moon ( 1991 ) , for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award . Following breakout roles in Desperate Choices : To Save My Child ( 1992 ) and Jack the Bear , she starred in the comedy-drama Pleasantville ( 1998 ) , for which she won the Young Hollywood Award for Breakthrough Performance . Her leading role of Tracy Flick in Election ( 1999 ) was nominated for a Golden Globe Award .   Witherspoon 's breakthrough role was playing Elle Woods in the 2001 film Legally Blonde , for which she received her second Golden Globe nomination . The following year , she starred in the romantic comedy Sweet Home Alabama , which emerged as her biggest live-action commercial success . In 2005 , she portrayed June Carter in Walk the Line , which earned her the Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , BAFTA Award , Screen Actors Guild Award , and Critics Choice Award for Best Actress . Other notable films of hers include Legally Blonde 2 : Red , White & Blonde ( 2003 ) , Monsters vs. Aliens ( 2009 ) , Water for Elephants ( 2011 ) , and Sing ( 2016 ) . In 2014 , Witherspoon produced the thriller Gone Girl and received critical acclaim for portraying Cheryl Strayed in Wild , for which she earned her second Academy Award nomination for Best Actress and a fourth Golden Globe nomination . In 2017 , she produced and starred in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies .   Witherspoon owns a production company , Pacific Standard , and she is actively involved in children 's and women 's advocacy organizations . She serves on the board of the Children 's Defense Fund ( CDF ) and was named Global Ambassador of Avon Products in 2007 , serving as honorary chair of the charitable Avon Foundation . She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010 .

neg: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the United States ' largest organization of food and nutrition professionals , and represents over 100,000 credentialed practitioners -- registered dietitian nutritionists , dietetic technicians , registered , and other dietetics professionals holding undergraduate and advanced degrees in nutrition and dietetics . After nearly 100 years as the American Dietetic Association , the organization officially changed its name to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in 2012 . The organization 's members are primarily registered dietitian nutritionists ( RDNs ) and nutrition and dietetic technicians , registered ( NDTR ) as well as many researchers , educators , students , nurses , physicians , pharmacists , clinical and community dietetics professionals , consultants and food service managers .   The Academy has faced controversy regarding corporate influence related to its relationship with the food industry and funding from corporate groups such as McDonald 's , Coca-Cola , Mars , and others .

neg: International Armoring Corporation International Armoring Corporation ( IAC ) is a designer and manufacturer of armoured cars using light weight synthetic fiber armor laminates . Established in Ogden , Utah , United States on May 6 , 1993  International Armoring Corporation uses light weight synthetic armor laminates called Armormax ( a material designed and developed by IAC ) . IAC designs and molds the armor to fit the vehicle rather than modifying the vehicle to fit the armor . IAC has sold 4,000 and 5,000 vehicles annually .   All design and material preparation is done in the company 's headquarters in Centerville , Utah and then shipped to its foreign facilities for installation .   The Mexican Drug War has increased demand for armored vehicles . Corporate executives and political leaders , have ordered armored cars for protection .   The company IAC has been named one of the winners in 2003 - 2013 ( 19 awards . In 2009 IAC was honored with the best of state statue `` BOSS '' trophy for their contributions in community development . It also received an award in the FY 2006 Small Business Subcontractor Awards Program of UT-Battelle , LLC , operator of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory .   IAC won `` Manufacturer of the Year '' in 2012 and `` Automotive / Transportation Company of the Year '' in 2013 International Stevie Award for `` The best Multinational Company in North America '' in the 2008 and `` The Best International Satellite Facility '' in 2007 . International Business Awards .   In 2006 , Mark F. Burton , Founder and CEO of IAC was recognized by Ernst and Young as `` Entrepreneur of the Year , ''   IAC were selected as the 2006 recipients of the `` Contractor Small Business of the Year '' . This award recognizes businesses that excel in contract performance that service and supply the U.S. Government .   Other awards for IAC include Entrepreneur Magazine 's `` 100 Hottest Companies in America '' and Inc. . Magazine 's `` Inc. 500 - # 6 . ''

neg: Old Spice Old Spice is an American brand of male grooming products encompassing deodorants and antiperspirants , shampoos , body washes , and soaps . It is manufactured by Procter & Gamble .   Originally launched as Early American Old Spice by William Lightfoot Schultz 's soap and toiletries company , Shulton Inc. , in 1937 , it was first targeted to women , with the men 's product only being released before Christmas at the end of that year . Over time as the men 's products found more success it began to focus exclusively on those . Old Spice now sells male grooming products including antiperspirant/deodorant sticks and body wash .

neg: Pam Allyn Pam Allyn ( born January 31 , 1963 ) is an American literacy expert and author . Pam is the founding director of LitWorld , a global literacy initiative serving children across the United States and in more than 60 countries . She is also the Executive Director and founder of LitLife , a cutting-edge consulting group working with schools to enrich best practice teaching methods and building curriculum for reading and writing . She is the author of the Your Child 's Writing Life ( Penguin Avery ) , Pam Allyn 's Best Books for Boys : How To Engage Boys in Reading in Ways That Will Change Their Lives ( Scholastic ) , What To Read When : The Books and Stories To Read With Your Child -- And All The Best Times To Read Them ( Penguin Avery ) , and Core Ready , a 14-book series focusing on the Common Core Learning Standards ( Pearson ) . Pam is widely known as a motivational speaker advocating for reading and writing as human rights that belong to all people . Her personal quest to bring literacy to every child stems from a deeper desire to bring dignity to every child , and to empower children to read and write powerfully , effectively and with passion in ways that will change their worlds and the worlds of others . Her work has been featured on Good Morning America , The Today Show , Oprah Radio , The Huffington Post , CNN International , and in The New York Times . Pam is the Global Ambassador for Scholastic 's `` Read Every Day . Lead a Better Life . '' Campaign . She is lso a spokesperson for BIC Kids , championing BIC 's 2014 `` Fight For Your Write '' campaign .

neg: London International Awards The London International Awards , or LIA ( formerly known as London International Advertising Awards , LIAA ) , are a worldwide awards annually honoring `` pioneers , and embodiments of excellence '' in advertising , digital media , production , design , music & sound and branded entertainment . It was the first truly international advertising award of its kind to acknowledge all media and methods from all over the world to be judged by a diverse global jury .

neg: Plastics News Plastics News is a weekly , 46,000-circulation trade newspaper delivering global news to a primarily North American market . Founded by Crain Communications Inc. in Akron , Ohio , in 1989 , it covers the business of the global plastics industry . The publication relocated to Crain 's corporate headquarters in Detroit in 2013 .   Plastics News focuses on commercial , financial , legislative and market-related developments worldwide that affect North American plastic product manufacturers and their suppliers and customers . The publication launched a Web site in 1996 .   Today it is part of the Crain Global Polymer Group . The group started to take shape after Crain 's purchase in July 2007 of the UK-based polymer publishing assets of Emap Communications Ltd. . Plastics News and its sister publications together comprise the world 's largest plastics publishing organization . Owned by the privately held Crain Communications Inc. , these brands -- which include Plastics News , Plastics News China , Plastics News Europe and Plastics & Rubber Weekly -- encompass three print publications , four websites , more than a dozen eNewsletters , multiple conferences and some industry award programs . Other polymer-related publications owned by Crain include Rubber & Plastics News , European Rubber Journal , Urethanes Technology International and Tire Business .   The U.S. publication launched its PlasticsNews.com website in 1996 , and today that audited site attracts more than 80,000 unique visitors per month . The company launched its bilingual Plastics News China as a free e-mail newsletter in May 2005 , along with a companion Plastics News China website . Both products are offered in English and simplified Chinese .   Plastics News organizes several events , including its annual Executive Forum and various business conferences in North America , covering such topics as automotive , medical devices , plastic caps and closures , workforce issues , sustainability , packaging and more . These serve as forums to present new products and ideas and for independent discussion of issues of concern to the industry .   Since 1996 , PN has given its Processor of the Year Award to a North American plastics processor , and it honors the winner in a ceremony each year at the Executive Forum . Beginning in 2011 , it also began to present three PN Excellence Awards to processors for excelling in customer relations , employee relations and industry/public service . Plastics News also started giving out Best Places to Work in Plastics awards in 2014 .

neg: Access to Medicine Index The Access to Medicine Index is an independent initiative that ranks the world 's 20 largest research-based pharmaceutical companies according to their efforts to improve access to medicine in 107 low - to middle-income countries . The Index assesses how companies are making their products more available , affordable , accessible and acceptable to patients in need . By comparing companies to one another , the Index aims to stimulate pharmaceutical companies to play a bigger part in addressing the challenges of access to medicine in developing countries and to offer them insight into the activities of their peers . Furthermore , the Access to Medicine Index seeks to create a platform for stakeholders from the pharmaceutical industry , governments , investors , civil society , patient organisations and academia to gather and form a common view of how these pharmaceutical companies can make further progress .   The Access to Medicine Index is published every two years by the Access to Medicine Foundation , an international not-for-profit organisation dedicated to improving access to medicine for people in need . The organisation is based in Haarlem , The Netherlands and receives financial support from donors such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the UK Department for International Development ( DFID ) and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs .

neg: Annie Morton Annie Morton ( born October 8 , 1970 ) is an American model born in Pennsylvania . She has appeared on the covers of British Vogue , ID , Marie Claire , and other magazines . She has been photographed by Helmut Newton ; Peter Lindbergh ; Annie Leibovitz ; Richard Avedon ; Juergen Teller ; Paul Jasmin , Mary Ellen Mark and Terry Richardson , and modeled for Donna Karan , Givenchy , Guerlain , Chanel , Harper 's Bazaar , Sports Illustrated and Victoria 's Secret . A long time vegetarian , an advocate for organic lifestyle choices and natural healthcare . She co-founded Tsi-La Organics , a `` Green Luxury '' company that creates and sells vegan , organic perfume and skin care products .

neg: Quest International Quest International was a major producer of flavors and fragrances with sales of # 560 million in 2005 before its acquisition by rival Givaudan . Quest created and marketed flavours and fragrance concepts and solutions for the fast-moving consumer goods industries . With operations in 31 countries , Quest made ingredients for foods , snacks , beverages , personal care , fine fragrances , and home hygiene products .   Quest Flavours was headquartered in Naarden , Netherlands ; Quest Fragrances was based in Ashford , Kent , UK .   Major competitors included Firmenich , Givaudan , International Flavors and Fragrances and Symrise .

neg: The Quarto Group The Quarto Group is a global illustrated book publishing group founded in 1976 . It is domiciled in the US and listed on the London Stock Exchange .   Their mission is to `` make and sell books that entertain , educate and enrich the lives of adults and children around the world . '' Quarto creates and owns proprietary content , publishing books from a diverse portfolio of imprints that are `` creatively independent '' and develops long-lasting content across specific niches of interest . Quarto sells books across 50 countries and in 39 languages through a variety of traditional and non-traditional channels . Quarto employs over 400 people in 11 offices in London , Brighton , Bristol , New York City , Minneapolis , Boston , Seattle , California , Hong Kong and Sydney .   The group was established by co-founders Laurence Orbach and Robert Morley and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1986 . Laurence Orbach was Chairman and CEO until November 2012 , when he was replaced as Chairman by Tim Chadwick and Marcus Leaver as CEO .

neg: Dow Chemical Company The Dow Chemical Company , commonly referred to as Dow , is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland , Michigan , United States . As of 2007 , it is the second-largest chemical manufacturer in the world by revenue ( after BASF ) and as of February 2009 , the third-largest chemical company in the world by market capitalization ( after BASF and DuPont ) . It ranked second in the world by chemical production in 2014 .   Dow manufactures plastics , chemicals , and agricultural products . With a presence in about 160 countries , it employs about 54,000 people worldwide . The company has seven different major operating segments , with a wide variety of products made by each one . Dow 's 2012 sales totaled approximately $ 57 billion .  Dow has been called the `` chemical companies ' chemical company '' in that most of its sales are to other industries rather than end-users . Dow sells directly to end-users primarily in the human and animal health and consumer products markets .   Dow is a member of the American Chemistry Council . The company tagline is `` Solutionism '' .

neg: Origins (cosmetics) Origins is a cosmetics brand from the US , founded in 1990 by Leonard Lauder , son of Estée Lauder . It is one of the original brands of The Estée Lauder Companies .

neg: Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . ''   Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations .   Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation .   In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues .   `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .

neg: Coppertone (sunscreen) Coppertone is the brand name for an American sunscreen , owned by Bayer , formerly Merck & Co. , Inc. , formerly Schering-Plough . Coppertone is the sister brand to Bain de Soleil , which is targeted to adult women . The name originated from its marketing of suntan lotion .   It dates to 1944 , when pharmacist Benjamin Green invented a lotion to darken tans . The company became famous in 1959 when it introduced the Coppertone girl , an advertisement showing a young blond girl in pigtails staring in surprise as a Boykin Spaniel sneaks up behind her and pulls down her blue swimsuit bottom , revealing her buttocks to have a lighter tone than the rest of her body . Accompanying the ads was the impish slogan , `` Do n't be a paleface ! ''   The original Coppertone logo was the profile of an Indian chief . In 1953 Tally Embry Advertising in Florida was hired , and their ad men created the concept of the little girl and the pup . An artist named Joyce Ballantyne Brand re-drew the little girl in 1959 when her original artwork was destroyed in a fire . She was then working for Grant Advertising in New York . She purportedly used her daughter , Cheri , as her model , and her drawing closely resembled her original artwork . A series of mechanical billboards was constructed across the United States , whereon the motorized dog and swimsuit bottoms rocked up and down perpetually . Though most of them are long since gone or have stopped moving , one such billboard of the then Coppertone Girl still stands in Miami Beach -- dog , pigtails , swimsuit , and all . Sometime around 1965 , Jodie Foster made her acting debut as the Coppertone girl in a television commercial , when she was three years old .   In 1993 , to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the sunscreen , a contest was held at Disney 's Polynesian Hotel in Orlando Florida to find `` The Coppertone Girl '' , since Cheri Brand had grown up by then . The contest was hosted by Regis Philbin along with Cheri as one of the judges . The winner was picked based on the contestant 's maturity , congeniality , eloquence , confidence , and how well she resembled the cartoon . The winner was four-year-old Alexis Durgee . She was chosen out of over 100,000 models and twenty remaining finalists . Afterwards she appeared on Sally Jessy Raphael Show with Cheri Brand and Dalton Orband , the winning Coppertone Boy . Alexis went on to model for Coppertone and Water Babies advertisements through the following year and was shot in several Coppertone commercials .   At the turn of the 21st century , Coppertone revised drawings of the Coppertone Girl so that they would be less revealing and show no tan lines . Some recent versions show only the girl 's lower back , as opposed to her buttocks , or wearing a T-shirt , a hat , and holding a bottle of Coppertone while the puppy is shown pulling on her shorts .

neg: Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT) The Global Health Innovative Technology Fund ( GHIT Fund ) , headquartered in Japan , is an international public-private partnership between the Government of Japan ( Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ) , 16 pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies ( Astellas , Chugai , Eisai , Daiichi Sankyo , Fujifilm , GlaxoSmithKline , Johnson & Johnson , Kyowa Hakko Kirin , Merck Group , Mistubishi Tanabe , Nipro , Otsuka , Shionogi , Sumitomo Dainippon , Sysmex and Takeda ) , the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the Wellcome Trust and United Nations Development Programme . It funds scientific research and development for anti-infectives and diagnostics for diseases that primarily affect the developing world . Bill Gates has noted that `` GHIT draws on the immense innovation capacity of Japan 's pharmaceutical companies , universities and research institutions to accelerate the creation of new vaccines , drugs and diagnostic tools for global health . '' Margaret Chan , Director-General of the World Health Organization , said : `` The GHIT Fund has stepped in to provide that incentive in a pioneering model of partnership that brings Japanese innovation , investment and leadership to the global fight against infectious disease . ''   The GHIT Fund is the first public-private partnership fund to involve a national government , a UN agency , a consortium of pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies , and international philanthropic foundations .   The public-private partnership model , the inclusion of a whole pharmaceutical sector and the structure of individual research projects across sectors and national boundaries are all aimed at reducing the R&D risk to any one entity and to ensure that findings are open to all . Another key opportunity the GHIT Fund has created has been to help open the doors of Japan 's public and private drug compound libraries to product development partnerships , which makes possible the screening of tens of thousands of drug candidates for potential new treatments .   The participating companies view their investments into neglected diseases through the Fund as a long-term investment into the future , rather than charity . They see the Fund as a necessary catalyst for having allowed them to pursue this line of research .

neg: Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS The Church 's position on AIDS prevention has attracted controversy due to its opposition to condom use . In 2010 Pope Benedict XVI said that the use of condoms could sometimes be considered a first step toward moral behavior , but a spokesperson for the church later clarified that the use of condoms was still considered immoral and that the pope had not intended to take a position `` on the problem of condoms in general . '' In relation to the sexual transmission of the disease , the Church teaches that sexual abstinence before marriage , and monogamy inside marriage , are a better means of limiting the spread of the epidemic than the use of condoms . United Nations bodies have criticised the Church for its stance against condom use , on the basis that condoms are the best available means to prevent infections among sexually active people . UN bodies co-operate closely with the Church on the provision of patient care , and in eliminating infections in children . The Church provides approximately one quarter of all HIV treatment and care .   Following the election of Pope Francis in 2013 , UNAIDS wrote that the Church `` provides support to millions of people living with HIV around the world '' and that `` Statistics from the Vatican in 2012 indicate that Catholic Church-related organizations provide approximately a quarter of all HIV treatment , care , and support throughout the world and run more than 5,000 hospitals , 18,000 dispensaries , and 9,000 orphanages , many involved in AIDS-related activities . '' UNAIDS co-operates closely with the Church on critical issues such as the elimination of new HIV infections in children , and keeping their mothers alive , as well as increasing access to antiretroviral medication . Caritas Internationalis is the Church 's main international aid and development body , operating in over 200 countries and territories , and is among the strategic partners of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS ( UNAIDS ) .   Pope Paul VI issued the Humanae vitae Encyclical Letter on the Regulation of Birth in 1968 , which outlined opposition to `` artificial birth control '' on the basis that it would open a `` wide and easy a road ... towards conjugal infidelity and the general lowering of morality '' . The AIDS epidemic emerged from the 1980s . In 2010 , Pope Benedict XVI characterized condom use as not a `` real or moral solution '' to the spread of AIDS , but in the case of homosexual prostitution , a potentially lesser-evil `` first step '' in the direction of moralization and responsibility , when used with `` the intention of reducing the risk of infection '' . A 2014 report by The U.N. Committee on the Rights of the Child called on the Church to `` overcome all the barriers and taboos surrounding adolescent sexuality that hinder their access to sexual and reproductive information , including on family planning and contraceptives '' .   Globally , well over thirty million people have died from HIV/AIDS . The Church 's condom ban was largely ignored in industrialised countries , in which public awareness campaigns encouraged condom use . The church 's stance against condoms has been blamed for the prevalence of AIDS in Africa .

neg: SERRV International SERRV International is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit , alternative trading organization operating in the United States , Africa , Asia and Latin America . The organization is credited to be one of the first fair trade initiatives worldwide , with imports as early as 1949 . In 2006 , it was one of the country 's largest fair trade importers with annual sales of approximately $ 10 million . It currently works with 85 small-scale , cooperatively run producer groups in 35 countries .   The organization 's mission is to `` promote the social and economic progress of people in developing regions of the world by marketing their products in a just and direct manner '' . SERRV International was funded and supported in 2005 by the Calvert Foundation , Catholic Relief Services , the Idyll Foundation and MMA Community Development Investments , Inc. .   The organization is a founding member of the World Fair Trade Organization ( WFTO ) and the Fair Trade Federation . It follows the internationally recognized fair trade principles of fair wage , gender equality , long-term relationships , concern for the environment , democratic decision making , safe working conditions , respect for culture , and prohibition of child exploitation .

neg: Always (brand) Always is a brand of feminine hygiene products , including maxi pads , ultra thin pads , pantiliners , and feminine wipes , produced by Procter & Gamble . It was first introduced in the United States in test markets in the spring of 1983 , then nationally in May of 1984 . By the end of 1984 , Always had also been introduced internationally in United Kingdom , Canada , France , Germany , and Africa . According to Rising Tide : Lessons from 165 Years of Brand Building at Procter & Gamble , Always was Procter & Gamble 's `` first truly global brand . ''   Always is sold under the name Whisper in Japan , Singapore , India , China , South Korea , Philippines , Thailand , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Vietnam , Malaysia , Australia , Cambodia , Mongolia , and Indonesia , under the name Lines in Italy , under the name Orkid in Turkey , and under the names Evax and Ausonia in Spain and Portugal . Marketing for the product includes the company 's BeingGirl website .

neg: L'Interdit L'Interdit ( -LSB- lɛ̃.tɛʁ.di -RSB- ) was a perfume created in 1957 by Hubert de Givenchy for his friend , Audrey Hepburn . Its name means `` forbidden '' . It has a delicate , floral , powdery aroma . It contains notes of rose , jasmine , violet and , at the heart , a blend of woods and grasses . First created privately for Hepburn by Givenchy , she wore it for a matter of years until finally releasing it to the public in the 1960s .   The nose/parfumeur behind this feminine aldehydic-floral fragrance was Francis Fabron ( 1913 - 2005 ) . With Top notes : Aldehydes , Wild Strawberry , Bergamot , Mandarin Orange , Peach , Pepper and Clove ; Middle notes : Rose , Jasmine , Violet , Narcissus , Iris , Orris Root , Ylang-ylang and Lily-of-the-Valley ; Base notes : Sandalwood , Vetiver , Benzoin , Incense , Amber , Tonka Bean and Musk .

neg: Vichy cosmetics Vichy ( -LSB- viʃi -RSB- ; `` Vichy Laboratoires '' ) is a premium brand of skincare , bodycare , make-up and anti-aging products owned by L'Oréal under its Active Cosmetics division . Thermal spa water from the hot springs of the town of Vichy , France , is the only water source used in its formulations . The company was founded in 1931 .   The company is one of two ` active cosmetics ' brands in the L'Oreal group , the other being La Roche-Posay . Vichy is most popular in Europe , and the company is known for their ` Dermablend ' range of foundations and concealers .   Vichy is one of the biggest brands in the European skincare market . Some of their leading lines are :   LiftActiv ( Anti-Aging ) ,  Neovadiol ,  Normaderm ( Oily , blemish-prone skin ) ,  Dercos ,  Aqualia Thermal ,  Capital Soleil ,  Essentielles ( Basic line of cheaper products ) ,  Vichy Homme ( Men 's shaving and cleansing products )   The tagline of Vichy is `` Health is beautiful '' .