query: Welcome Back (film) is the first film in a series.

pos: Welcome Back (film) Welcome Back is an Indian action comedy film directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by Firoz Nadiadwala , released in 2015 . It is a sequel to Welcome and features an ensemble cast that includes Anil Kapoor , Nana Patekar , John Abraham , Shruti Haasan , Paresh Rawal , Dimple Kapadia and Naseeruddin Shah . While Kapoor , Patekar and Rawal have reprised their roles from the 2007 film , Abraham and Hassan are new additions to the lead cast . Made on a budget of US$ 16 million , the film was largely shot in and around Dubai , United Arab Emirates . Welcome Back was released worldwide on 4 September 2015 .

neg: Cinema of New Zealand New Zealand cinema can refer to films made by New Zealand-based production companies in New Zealand . However , it may also refer to films made about New Zealand by filmmakers from other countries . In addition , due to the relatively small size of its film industry , many New Zealand-made films are co-productions with companies based in other nations .   Film has a long history in New Zealand . The first public screening of a motion picture was in 1896 ; a 1900 documentary is the oldest surviving New Zealand film - and the first feature film made in New Zealand premiered in 1914 . However , although there was a small-scale industry during the 1920s-1960s , it was n't until the 1970s that New Zealand made films were able to attract large-scale audiences .   From the 1990s onward , a steady flow on New Zealand made films have had international success , including both those with local funding and themes , and those such as the Lord of the Rings trilogy , made with Hollywood money .

neg: Welcome to Wonderland (film) Welcome to Wonderland is a feature documentary film , by director James Short , about music and dance . Released on DVD in June 2006 after more than five years in the making , this film explores Australia 's vibrant outdoor bush rave party scene through the thoughts of participants .   The trance scene in Melbourne , Australia , is considered one of the best in the world , and sees the convergence of travellers from all parts of the globe , especially Japan and Israel . With party organisations like Rainbow Serpent and Earthcore there are as many as 10,000 people who come together to celebrate and dance . The film follows the party lives of characters : Matty , Krusty , Lauire , Margaret , Raff , and Holly .

neg: Tiny Times Tiny Times ( Chinese : 小时代 ) , also known as Tiny Times 1.0 is the first installment of the film series written and directed by Guo Jingming and based on the best-selling novel of the same name also by Guo .

neg: Kidulthood (film series) Kidulthood is a series of British drama films . The film series began in 2006 with Kidulthood , which was followed by the sequels Adulthood and Brotherhood . The series focuses on the lives of several teenagers in Ladbroke Grove and Latimer Road area of inner west London . The film series has earned over # 7 million worldwide .

neg: The Pink Panther Strikes Again The Pink Panther Strikes Again is the fifth film in The Pink Panther series and picks up where The Return of the Pink Panther leaves off . Released in 1976 , Strikes Again is the third entry to include the words Pink Panther in its title , although the story does not involve the Pink Panther diamond .   Unused footage from the film was later included in Trail of the Pink Panther .

neg: Welcome to the Grindhouse The Welcome to the Grindhouse is a series of double feature DVDs featuring exploitation films from the 60s , 70s , and 80s . The series is released by BCI Entertainment . The first wave was released on July 3 , 2007 .   Each `` Welcome to the Grindhouse '' DVD release features two full-length theatrical films , complete with trailers and theater ads . Each has two themed films that represent the Grindhouse staples -- Martial Arts , Horror , Sexploitation and Action -- with some of the titles coming from the Crown International Pictures library .

neg: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a film series based on the comic book characters of the same name created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird . The first film in the series , titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , was released in 1990 at the height of the franchise 's popularity and was a commercial success . The success of the film garnered two direct sequels , respectively released in 1991 and 1993 , and a CGI animated film in 2007 billed as TMNT building on the success of the 2003 -- 09 TV series . The series was rebooted in a new film made by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , released on August 8 , 2014 . The sequel was released on June 3 , 2016 .

neg: Welcome Back Welcome Back may refer to :   Welcome Back ( iKon album ) , 2015  Welcome Back ( John Sebastian album ) , 1976  `` Welcome Back '' ( John Sebastian song ) , 1976 , theme song for Welcome Back , Kotter  Welcome Back ( Mase album ) , 2004  `` Welcome Back '' ( Mase song ) , 2004  Welcome Back ( film ) , a 2015 Bollywood film  Welcome Back , Kotter , an American television sitcom  Welcome Back , Brotter , a Boston University student TV series  `` Welcome Back '' program , Sony 's compensation to users for the 2011 PlayStation Network outage   Category : English phrases

neg: First Contact (TV series) First Contact is an Australian reality television documentary series that aired on SBS One , SBS Two and NITV . It documents the journey of six European Australians who are challenged over a period of 28 days about their pre-existing perceptions of Indigenous Australians .

neg: Westworld (TV series) Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy for HBO . It is based on the 1973 film of the same name , which was written and directed by American novelist Michael Crichton , and to a lesser extent on the 1976 sequel Futureworld . It is the second TV series based on the two films , the first being the short-lived 1980 series Beyond Westworld . Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers along with J. J. Abrams , Jerry Weintraub , and Bryan Burk , with Nolan directing the pilot . The first season premiered on October 2 , 2016 , concluded on December 4 , 2016 , and consists of ten episodes . In November 2016 , HBO renewed the show for a 10-episode second season , planned for a 2018 debut .   The story takes place in the fictional Westworld , a technologically advanced Wild West -- themed amusement park populated by android hosts . Westworld caters to high-paying guests , who may indulge in whatever they wish within the park , without fear of retaliation from the hosts .   The series ' debut on HBO garnered the network 's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014 and Westworld ranks as the most-watched first season of an HBO original series ever . Westworld has received positive reviews by critics , with particular praise for the visuals , story , and acting .

neg: Most Welcome 2 Most Welcome 2 is a Bangladeshi action film written by and directed by Ananta Jalil . It is considered to be one of the most expensive films in the history of Bengali cinema .  Development began in February 2012 . The film is a sequel of 2012 blockbuster Most Welcome , The film released in 2014 . The film stars Ananta Jalil and Barsha in leading roles .

neg: Clash of the Titans (franchise) Clash of the Titans is a British -- American fantasy action media franchise based on characters and myths of Ancient Greek mythology . The first film , Clash of the Titans , was released in 1981 with a remake made in 2010 . The remake spawned a sequel , Wrath of the Titans , in 2012 .

neg: Bring It On (film series) Bring It On is a series cheerleading films . The series began with Bring It On ( 2000 ) and was followed by four direct-to-video sequels , none of which contain any of the original film 's cast members : Bring It On Again ( 2004 ) , which shared producers with the original film , Bring It On : All or Nothing ( 2006 ) , Bring It On : In It to Win It ( 2007 ) , and Bring It On : Fight to the Finish ( 2009 ) .

neg: Salvage 1 Salvage 1 is an American science fiction series that was broadcast for 16 episodes ( of the 20 produced ) on ABC during 1979 . The pilot film , Salvage , was shown on January 20 , 1979 , to high ratings .

neg: Coming Home (2014 film) Coming Home ( , literally The Return ) is a 2014 Chinese historical drama film directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Chen Daoming and Gong Li . It was released in the US September 11 , 2015 and first shown to the public on the 20th May 2014 at the Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Return (2010 film) Return ( Kotiinpaluu ) , also Homecoming , is a 2010 Finnish short film directed by Harri J. Rantala and starring Eerik Kantokoski , Reeta Annala , Kalevi Haapoja and Kauko Salo .

neg: Puberty Blues (TV series) Puberty Blues is an Australian television drama series broadcast on Network Ten . It is based on the 1979 book by Kathy Lette and Gabrielle Carey , which was also the inspiration for the 1981 film Puberty Blues . Set during the late 1970s , the series revolves around the family and friends of Debbie and Sue , two inseparable teenage friends who are progressing through the coming of age process . The first series of eight episodes began airing from 15 August 2012 . A second series was later confirmed and premiered on 5 March 2014 .

neg: Remake A remake is a film or television series that is based on an earlier work and tells the same , or a very similar , story .

neg: Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) .   Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .

neg: Anzacs (TV series) Anzacs ( named for members of the all volunteer ANZAC army formations ) was a 1985 5-part Australian television miniseries set in World War I . The series follows the lives of a group of young Australian men who enlist in the 8th Battalion ( Australia ) of the First Australian Imperial Force in 1914 , fighting first at Gallipoli in 1915 , and then on the Western Front for the remainder of the war .   It follows in the wake of Australian New Wave war films such as Breaker Morant ( 1980 ) , Gallipoli ( 1981 ) , and precedes The Lighthorsemen ( 1987 ) . Recurring themes of these films include the Australian identity , such as mateship and larrikinism , the loss of innocence in war , and also the continued coming of age of the Australian nation and its soldiers ( the ANZAC spirit ) .


query: Shawn Michaels was the first professional wrestler to become the WWF Grand Slam Champion.

pos: Shawn Michaels Michael Shawn Hickenbottom ( born July 22 , 1965 ) , better known by his ring name Shawn Michaels , is an American actor , professional wrestling personality , television presenter and retired professional wrestler . He is currently signed to WWE , as an ambassador and trainer , since December 2010 . Michaels wrestled consistently for WWE , formerly the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) , from 1988 until his first retirement in 1998 . He held non-wrestling roles from 1998 to 2000 and resumed wrestling in 2002 until retiring ceremoniously in 2010 .   In the WWF/E , Michaels headlined major pay-per-view events between 1989 and 2010 , closing the company 's flagship annual event , WrestleMania , five times . He was the co-founder and original leader of the successful stable , D-Generation X . He also wrestled in the American Wrestling Association ( AWA ) , where he founded The Midnight Rockers with Marty Jannetty in 1985 . After winning the AWA Tag Team Championship twice , the team continued to the WWF as The Rockers , and had a high-profile breakup in January 1992 . Within the year , Michaels would twice challenge for the WWF Championship and win his first WWF Intercontinental Championship , heralding his arrival as one of the industry 's premier singles stars . He would go on to be widely regarded as its finest performer in the 1990s and 2000s , winning the Pro Wrestling Illustrated `` Match of the Year '' reader vote a record eleven times . Michaels was voted the greatest professional wrestler of all time in a 2011 poll of the WWE roster .   Michaels is a four-time world champion , having held the WWF Championship three times and WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship once . He is also a two-time Royal Rumble winner , the first WWF Grand Slam Champion and the fourth WWF Triple Crown Champion , as well as a 2011 WWE Hall of Fame inductee .

neg: The Mega Bucks The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) in 1988 . The team , consisting of `` The Million Dollar Man '' Ted DiBiase and André the Giant , was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase André 's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan . André was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan , but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase . The title was vacated , but DiBiase and André were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam , which Hogan and Savage won . After the match , DiBiase and André went their separate ways and the team was dissolved .

neg: Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States .   ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) .   ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling .   On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .

neg: Taka Michinoku ( born October 26 , 1973 ) , better known by his ring name Taka Michinoku ( with his first name usually stylized in all capital letters ) , is a Japanese professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist . Michinoku is known in North America for his work for the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) where he had the first ever WWF Light Heavyweight Championship reign recognized by the North-American promotion . Michinoku is the founder and promoter of Kaientai Dojo , where he also wrestles . He is also a regular for New Japan Pro Wrestling .   Having held championship titles in Japan , North America , Mexico and Europe , Yoshida is known for his long title reigns . He held the FMW Independent World Junior Heavyweight Title for a combined duration of more than 15 months , the WWF Light Heavyweight Title for a then record-setting 10 months and the WEW Six-Man Tag Team Title for almost a year . Yoshida has held the World Junior Heavyweight Championship , Michinoku Pro Tohoku Junior Heavyweight Championship and Kaientai Dojo Strongest-K Championship simultaneously for almost 10 months . During his reign , he has defended his titles against both AJPW and independent circuit talent to increase his base of opponents , and thus has increased the reach of the World Junior Heavyweight Championship , which was closed off to outside competition in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s .

neg: WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007) The WWE Cruiserweight Championship was a professional wrestling championship originally used in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) and later , World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment ( WWF/WWE ) . It was challenged by cruiserweights at a maximum weight of 225lbs . Following the acquisition of WCW by the then-WWF in 2001 , it became a WWF ( and later , WWE ) championship and replaced the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship . During the first WWE brand extension , it was the only title to be exclusive to the SmackDown ! brand during its entire tenure .   The championship was created in WCW in 1996 , with Shinjiro Otani as the inaugural champion . However , following WCW 's purchase , the WWF/E considered the title to be a continuation of the earlier WCW Light Heavyweight Championship , which had been created in 1991 with Brian Pillman as the inaugural champion . The Cruiserweight Championship was retired in 2007 with Hornswoggle as its final holder .   A new WWE Cruiserweight Championship was created in 2016 , and although both championships share the same name , the new championship does not carry the lineage of the original . The new WWE Cruiserweight Championship also has a different weight limit of 205lbs ( 93kg )

neg: WrestleMania 33 WrestleMania 33 was the thirty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by WWE . In addition to standard PPV outlets , it was broadcast simultaneously on the WWE Network . It took place on April 2 , 2017 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando , Florida . WrestleMania 33 was a joint-promotion event for the Raw and SmackDown brands , the first since WrestleMania XXVII in 2011 as the brand split ended that year , but was reintroduced in July 2016 .   Thirteen matches were contested at the event , including three on the pre-show . For the first time since WrestleMania 29 in 2013 , two world championships were contested : Raw 's Universal Championship and SmackDown 's WWE Championship ; it marked the first time that the Universal Championship , SmackDown Women 's Championship , and new Cruiserweight Championship were defended at WrestleMania . In the main event , Roman Reigns defeated The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred match , giving Undertaker his second loss at WrestleMania . It was Undertaker 's unannounced retirement match , ending his 27-year in-ring career in the WWE .   In addition , Brock Lesnar defeated Goldberg to become the new Universal Champion and Randy Orton defeated Bray Wyatt to win his ninth WWE Championship . The event also marked the surprise return of The Hardy Boyz , who won the Raw Tag Team Championship . It was also the first WrestleMania to be on the air past midnight Eastern time .   WWE claimed an attendance of 75,245 for WrestleMania 33 . This number has been disputed , as The A.V. Club wrote that it was `` almost certainly a fake number '' as WWE `` has had a reputation for wildly inflating the attendance figure -- as Vince McMahon once said on an investor 's call , the fake number is for entertainment purposes '' , while wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer described it as `` a total worked number even more than usual '' .

neg: Slammiversary Slammiversary is the name given to professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) events produced by the Impact Wrestling promotion in the month of June . It is considered one of Impact 's flagship PPV events along with Lockdown and Bound for Glory ( the biggest show of the year ) . The name of the show is a reference to the anniversary of the first Impact Wrestling ( then TNA ) event , held June 19 , 2002 . The Slammiversary name was first used in June 2005 . Slammiversary was the longtime host of the King of the Mountain match .

neg: Royal Rumble (1991) Royal Rumble ( 1991 ) was the fourth annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) . It took place on January 19 , 1991 , at the Miami Arena in Miami , Florida .   The main event was the 1991 Royal Rumble match won by Hulk Hogan , who last eliminated Earthquake to win the match . Featured matches on the undercard were The Ultimate Warrior versus Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship , Ted DiBiase and Virgil versus Dusty Rhodes and Dustin Rhodes and The Mountie versus Koko B. Ware .

neg: WrestleMania 23 WrestleMania 23 was the twenty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by 360 OTC and took place on April 1 , 2007 , at Ford Field in Detroit , Michigan . The event was the first WrestleMania at Ford Field and the second to take place in the Detroit metropolitan area ( following WrestleMania III , at the Pontiac Silverdome , in Pontiac , Michigan ) .   The event was a joint-brand pay-per-view , featuring performers from the Raw , SmackDown ! , and ECW brands . Eight professional wrestling matches were featured on the event 's supercard , a scheduling of more than one main event . The main match on the Raw brand was John Cena versus Shawn Michaels for the WWE Championship , in which Cena won . The predominant match on the SmackDown ! brand was Batista versus The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship , in which The Undertaker was victorious . The primary match on the ECW brand was an eight-man tag team match between The ECW Originals and The New Breed ; The ECW Originals claimed victory in the match . Other featured matches on the card included ECW Champion Bobby Lashley ( representing Donald Trump ) versus Intercontinental Champion Umaga ( representing Vince McMahon ) in a match where either Trump or McMahon would be shaved bald if their wrestler lost , and an eight-man interpromotional Money in the Bank ladder match .   Tickets for the event went on sale on November 11 , 2006 . The all-time Ford Field attendance record of 80,103 consisted of people from all fifty U.S. states , twenty-four countries , and nine Canadian provinces . WrestleMania 23 grossed US$ 5.38 million in ticket sales , breaking the previous record of $ 3.9 million held at WrestleMania X8 . WWE estimated that $ 25 million was pumped into the Detroit economy . With about 1.2 million buys , the event was the highest WWE pay-per-view buyrate in history . WrestleMania XXVIII in 2012 passed 1.2 million buys with 1.21 million buys . It also has the fourth highest attendance in WrestleMania history behind only WrestleMania III and later WrestleMania 29 , and WrestleMania 32 which drew 80,676 fans in 2013 and 101,763 in 2016 , respectively .

neg: Bret "Hit Man" Hart: The Best There Is, the Best There Was, the Best There Ever Will Be Bret `` Hit Man '' Hart : The Best There Is , The Best There Was , The Best There Ever Will Be also known as The Bret Hart Story : The Best There Is , The Best There Was , The Best There Ever Will Be is a best selling DVD documentary film released as part of a three-DVD set on November 15 , 2005 , by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . The documentary chronicles the career of popular WWE wrestler Bret Hart . Hart collaborated with WWE to make the documentary , contributing hours of interview content to the film . This collaboration marked the first time Hart had worked in an on camera capacity with WWE since the Montreal Screwjob , which was Hart 's last in-ring appearance with the company until his return on January 4 , 2010 . The documentary chronicles Bret Hart 's wrestling career , from how he broke into the business as a member of the Hart family to his run in World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) . Highlights of matches from his days in his father 's Stampede Wrestling promotion , as well as his time in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) and WCW are shown while insight is provided from Hart about what went on behind the scenes .   This is the second documentary about Bret Hart , the first being Hitman Hart : Wrestling with Shadows ( which was produced with cooperation by the WWF , but not released by WWF/E Home Video ) which chronicles Hart 's last days wrestling in the WWF and talks about his relationship with his brother Owen .

neg: Bad Blood (2003) Bad Blood ( 2003 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and presented by Maxim Hair Color , which took place on June 15 , 2003 , at the Compaq Center in Houston , Texas . It was the second event produced under the Bad Blood name and starred wrestlers from the Raw brand . This event marked the beginning of worldwide pay-per-views ( with the exception of the older and more significant Royal Rumble , WrestleMania , SummerSlam and Survivor Series pay-per-views ) being brand exclusive ( UK-only pay-per-views had been brand exclusive since Insurrextion 2002 ) .   The main event was a Hell in a Cell match , featuring wrestlers fighting in a ring surrounded by a steel structure . In this match , World Heavyweight Champion Triple H defeated Kevin Nash to retain his title . Two predominant bouts were featured on the undercard ; in respective singles matches , Ric Flair defeated Shawn Michaels and Goldberg defeated Chris Jericho .   The event marked the second time the Hell in a Cell format was used by WWE in a Bad Blood event ; the first was at In Your House : Badd Blood in 1997 . The 2003 Bad Blood event grossed over $ 500,000 ticket sales from an attendance of 10,000 and received about 285,000 pay-per-view buys , which was more than the following year 's event . This event helped WWE increase its yearly pay-per-view revenue by $ 6.2 million from the previous year . When the event was released on DVD , it reached a peak position of second on Billboard 's DVD Sales Chart .

neg: List of current champions in Impact Wrestling Impact Wrestling is a professional wrestling promotion based in Nashville , Tennessee . Title reigns are either determined by professional wrestling matches or are awarded to a wrestler , as a result of the culmination of various scripted storylines . There are three active singles championships , one active tag team championship , and a championship for the female wrestlers . Six wrestlers hold the championships . The list includes the number of times the wrestler has held the title , the date and location of the win , and a description of the winning bout . The following is correct as of , .   At the top of Impact 's championship hierarchy is the Impact Wrestling World Heavyweight Championship . The championship is currently held by Lashley , who is in his fourth reign . He defeated Eddie Edwards in a 30 minute Iron Man match on January 8 , 2017 during the Impact Wrestling tapings ( which aired January 26 ) .   The secondary titles in Impact are the Impact Wrestling X Division Championship and the Impact Grand Championship .   Trevor Lee is the current X Division Champion in his second reign . He defeated DJZ in a Ladder match on January 8 , 2017 during the Impact Wrestling tapings ( airing January 26 )   The Impact Grand Championship was introduced at the August 13 , 2016 , taping . Moose is the current champion in his second reign . He defeated Drew Galloway on January 12 , 2017 , tapings of Impact Wrestling via split decision .   The Impact World Tag Team Championship is currently held by The Latin American Xchange ( Ortiz and Santana ) , who defeated Decay , Reno Scum and Laredo Kid and Garza Jr. in a four-way match on March 4 , 2017 , to fill the vacant titles after previous titleholders The Broken Hardys ( Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy ) left the company on February 27 , 2017 .   A wrestler who has held all four of these titles is recognized to have won the Impact Grand Slam .   There is one championship contested for female wrestlers ( promoted by Impact as their Knockout division ) . Rosemary is the current champion in her first reign , having defeated Jade on October 9 , 2016 , to win the vacant title after previous champion Gail Kim vacated the title due to injury .

neg: SuperBrawl I SuperBrawl was the first ever first annual professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) under the SuperBrawl banner , which ended up encompassing eleven pay-per-views in total between 1991 and 2001 . The show took place on May 19 , 1991 and was held at the Bayfront Arena in St. Petersburg , Florida .   The main event of the show was a match between then reigning WCW World Heavyweight Champion Ric Flair and the NWA World Heavyweight Champion Tatsumi Fujinami with both world championships on the line . In the United States the match was promoted as simply being for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship , not promoting the fact that Fujinami had defeated Flair for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in March 1991 . The undercard saw Bobby Eaton win the WCW World Television Championship from Arn Anderson while The Steiner Brothers defended the WCW World Tag Team Championship . In the opening match , The Fabulous Freebirds won the vacant WCW United States Tag Team Championship . The show consisted of twelve matches , with some of the matches being edited out of the official VHS tape release of the show . The event also featured the television debut of Johnny B. Badd .   In 2015 , all WCW pay-per-views were made available on the WWE Network .

neg: List of WWE United States Champions The WWE United States Championship is a professional wrestling championship contested in the American promotion WWE on the SmackDown brand . It was originally known as the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship and began as a regional championship created by and defended in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling , run by Jim Crockett , Jr. . Harley Race became the inaugural champion on the title 's introduction on January 1 , 1975 . Turner Broadcasting bought the company in November 1988 and renamed it World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) after its primary television program .   In March 2001 , the then-WWF bought selected assets of WCW . This resulted in the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship becoming a championship for the WWF , who referred to it as the WCW United States Championship . At Survivor Series in November 2001 , the WCW United States and WWF Intercontental Championships were unified , resulting in the United States Championship being deactivated . In July 2003 , the title was reactivated as the WWE United States Championship . As a result of the 2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up , it is exclusively contested on the SmackDown brand .   The championship is contested in professional wrestling matches , in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition . Some reigns were held by champions using a ring name , while others used their real name . As of , , the current champion is Kevin Owens , who is in his second reign .   Overall , there have been 83 different champions . Ric Flair holds the record for having the most reigns at six , while John Cena holds the record for most reigns under the WWE banner at five . Lex Luger holds the record for longest reign , with his third reign lasting a total of 523 days , while Dean Ambrose holds the longest reign under the WWE banner , at 351 days ( overall the third longest in the title 's history ) . Only two men , Lex Luger and Rick Rude , have held the championship for a continuous reign of one year ( 365 days ) or more .

neg: Chikara Grand Championship The Chikara Grand Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by the Chikara promotion . The first champion was crowned on November 13 , 2011 , at the High Noon pay-per-view , when Eddie Kingston defeated Mike Quackenbush at the conclusion of a six-month long , twelve-person tournament .   Like most professional wrestling championships , the title is won via the result of a scripted match . Since the founding of the promotion in 2002 and before the Chikara Grand Championship was created , Chikara promoted only the Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas , a tag team championship , and the Chikara Young Lions Cup , a championship for rookies , but did not have a major singles championship until an announcement regarding the creation of the Grand Championship was made in February 2011 . On March 14 , 2013 , Chikara announced that in the future the title would be defended at every event held by the promotion . This was later negated following Mike Quackenbush 's takeover as Director of Fun and on August 1 , 2014 , he announced a three-point system to determine contendership for the title , similar to the system used for the Campeonatos de Parejas . Under the system , wrestlers need to accumulate three back-to-back wins in order to be eligible to challenge for the title .   Overall , there have been seven reigns shared among six wrestlers . One female wrestler , Princess KimberLee , has held the title . With the win , KimberLee became the first female wrestler to hold the top title in a major non-female promotion . Juan Francisco de Coronado is the current champion in his first reign .

neg: Night of Champions (2009) Night of Champions ( 2009 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on July 26 , 2009 , at the Wachovia Center in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was the second annual event to be promoted solely under the Night of Champions name and the ninth annual event under the Vengeance/Night of Champions chronology . Similar to the previous two events , the concept of the show was that every championship in the company would be defended . It featured talent from the Raw , SmackDown , and ECW brands . Eight matches were contested on the card .   This show was considered a supercard , which featured more than one main event match . The main event matches featured were : Jeff Hardy defeating CM Punk for the World Heavyweight Championship , Randy Orton retaining the WWE Championship against Triple H and John Cena , Mickie James winning the WWE Divas Championship against Maryse , and WWE Intercontinental Champion Rey Mysterio retain his title against Dolph Ziggler . The undercard , featured Chris Jericho and The Big Show defending the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship against The Legacy , Christian defeating Tommy Dreamer for the ECW Championship , Kofi Kingston defending the WWE United States Championship in a Six-Pack Challenge against Montel Vontavious Porter , The Miz , Carlito , Primo , and Jack Swagger , and Michelle McCool defending the WWE Women 's Championship against Melina . The event had 267,000 buys , down on the 2008 's Night of Champions figure of 273,000 buys .

neg: Spring Stampede (2000) Spring Stampede ( 2000 ) was the fifth and final Spring Stampede pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) . The event took place on April 16 , 2000 from the United Center in Chicago .   The event was notable due the creation of a new WCW after Eric Bischoff and Vince Russo rebooted the company by vacating all the championships and refreshed the WCW roster . Many tournaments occurred during the event for the vacated championships . The main event was the tournament final for the vacated WCW World Heavyweight Championship between Diamond Dallas Page and Jeff Jarrett . During the match , Page 's wife Kimberly Page turned on her husband , allowing Jarrett to win the title .   The undercard featured tournaments to crown the new World Tag Team and United States Heavyweight Champions . Shane Douglas and Buff Bagwell defeated Ric Flair and The Total Package to win the vacated World Tag Team Championship and Scott Steiner defeated Sting to win the vacated United States Heavyweight Championship . Chris Candido won a Six-Way match for the vacant Cruiserweight Championship and Terry Funk defeated Norman Smiley in a Hardcore match for the vacant Hardcore Championship .   The events of this event would lead to the beginning of an angle , in which the WCW roster was divided into two factions : New Blood and Millionaire 's Club . New Blood was the villainous group of young wrestlers and Millionaire 's Club was the heroic group of veterans of the industry .

neg: Backlash (2003) Backlash ( 2003 ) was the fifth annual Backlash professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) . It was presented by Castrol GTX , and took place on April 27 , 2003 , at the Worcester Centrum in Worcester , Massachusetts and starred talent from the promotion 's Raw and SmackDown ! brands .   The main event and featured match of the Raw brand was the encounter of Goldberg and The Rock , where Goldberg , in his first WWE Pay-Per-View , defeated Rock by pinfall , following a spear and a Jackhammer . The featured match on the undercard was a WWE Championship match from the SmackDown ! brand , between John Cena and the reigning champion , Brock Lesnar , where Lesnar defeated Cena by pinfall after an F-5 . The other predominant match on the undercard was a six-man tag team match from the Raw brand , between the team of Triple H , Ric Flair , and Chris Jericho facing Shawn Michaels , Kevin Nash , and Booker T. Triple H , Flair , and Jericho won the match by pinfall , after Triple H hit Nash with a sledgehammer . The predominant undercard match from the SmackDown ! brand was the encounter of The Big Show and Rey Mysterio , where Big Show pinned Mysterio after a chokeslam .   The event grossed $ 450,000 with 10,000 ticket sales and had a 0.67 buyrate . Following the event , Goldberg began a feud with Chris Jericho . At Bad Blood , Goldberg defeated Jericho via pinfall after a Jackhammer . Brock Lesnar began a storyline with The Big Show over the WWE Championship . At Judgment Day , Lesnar defeated The Big Show in a Stretcher match to retain the WWE Championship . Triple H engaged in a storyline with Kevin Nash over the World Heavyweight Championship . At Judgment Day , Nash defeated Triple H via disqualification ; due to WWE regulations , Triple H retained the championship .

neg: American Force American Force was a professional wrestling tag team that wrestled in Texas All-Star Wrestling . The team consisted of Paul Diamond and Nick Kiniski . The group was later joined by a rookie Shawn Michaels who replaced Kiniski in the team to team up with Paul Diamond .

neg: Monday Night Wars The Monday Night War ( s ) is the common term describing the period of mainstream televised American professional wrestling from September 4 , 1995 , to March 26 , 2001 . During this time , the World Wrestling Federation 's ( WWF , now WWE ) Monday Night Raw went head-to-head with World Championship Wrestling 's ( WCW ) Monday Nitro in a battle for Nielsen ratings each week .   The ratings war was part of a larger overall struggle between the two companies , originating in personal animosity between WWF owner Vince McMahon and then-owner of WCW , Ted Turner . The rivalry between the companies steadily escalated throughout the 1990s to include the use of cutthroat tactics and the defections of employees between the two companies . Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) , while not a party to the ratings battle , was also involved as a tertiary player . Throughout the wars , the WWF and WCW would both adopt different concepts and narrative techniques innovated by ECW ; meanwhile , both companies would establish both formal and informal partnerships with the company , with ECW performers either appearing on WWF and WCW shows while still under contract , or outright leaving ECW to work for one of the other two federations .   While WCW was the dominant federation for much of the mid-1990s , a variety of factors coalesced to turn the tide in the WWF 's favor at the end of the decade , including a radical rebranding of their formerly family friendly product to highly sexualized and violent shows geared towards older teens and adults . WCW ultimately ran into financial difficulties as a result of the amount of money they had promised wrestlers during a hiring binge in the early and middle part of the decade , which had been aimed at acquiring large portions of the WWF 's talent roster . Despite efforts to salvage the federation , it was ultimately sold to Vince McMahon , ending the Monday Night Wars .   In retrospect , wrestling commentators have come to see the era of the Monday Night Wars as a golden age of wrestling , with the feud between the two companies bringing out their best quality product both in terms of creativity and the performances of their wrestlers . Many have come to regard the end of the wars -- and , in particular , the subsequent WWE storyline regarding the acquisition of WCW -- as marking a severe decline in the quality of modern wrestling programming . Notably , as of 2017 , no other company has ever emerged as a viable competitor to WWE since the acquisition of WCW , and WWE itself has never again enjoyed the same level of mainstream success that it did during the Wars .

neg: The Hardy Boyz The Hardy Boyz , often referred to simply as The Hardys , are a professional wrestling tag team , consisting of real-life brothers Jeff and Matt Hardy . They are currently signed to the WWE under the Raw brand , and are the brand 's current Tag Team Champions .   They first began teaming together in 1993 in independent promotions in North Carolina , winning the NWA 2000 Tag Team Championship in NWA 2000 , and founded the Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts , where they held the OMEGA Tag Team Championship . They both signed contracts with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) in 1998 . In 2000 , they were joined by Lita , and the trio became Team Xtreme .   After splitting as a team in 2002 , the brothers reunited in 2006 and teamed sporadically afterward . They also appeared in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA , now known as Impact Wrestling ) , briefly reuniting in 2011 as members of Immortal , and teaming more frequently from 2014 -- 2017 .   The Hardy Boyz gained fame for their participation in ladder matches and Tables , Ladders , and Chairs matches with The Dudley Boyz/Team 3D and Edge and Christian . Overall , they are 11-time world tag team champions between WWE , TNA , and ROH , having won the WWF/World Tag Team Championship six times , the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship once , the WCW Tag Team Championship once in WWF/E , the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice , and the ROH World Tag Team Championship once.Considered as one of the greatest tag teams of all time , they are the only team to have held the WWF/World , WCW , TNA , ROH , and WWE Raw Tag Team Championships . On the independent circuit , the brothers hold tag team championships in All Star Wrestling , The Crash , Wrestling Superstar , and OMEGA , the final of which Matt is also the Heavyweight Champion .   Both brothers also won singles championships during their runs , with each becoming multi-time world champions in their own right . In 2017 , they held seven Tag Team Championships from seven different promotions at the same time , including the ROH World Tag Team Championship . They are the only tag team in history to be recognized as the TNA and ROH Tag Team Champions simultaneously .   At WrestleMania 33 , the Hardy Boyz made their surprising return to the WWE after eight years and won the Raw Tag Team Championship . This makes them the only tag team in history to hold all three top tag titles in North American wrestling in a month 's span .


query: Canada was never colonized.

pos: Canada Canada ( -LSB- ˈkænədə -RSB- -LSB- kanadɑ -RSB- ) is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 e6km2 , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area . Canada 's border with the United States is the world 's longest binational land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , many near the southern border . One third of the population lives in the three largest cities : Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver . Its capital is Ottawa , and other major urban areas include Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton .   Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French claims were made on the area , with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier 's second voyage to New France . As a consequence of various conflicts , Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left , in the late 18th century , with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today . Pursuant to the British North America Act , on July 1 , 1867 , the colonies of Canada , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada . This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada .   In 1931 , Canada achieved near total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931 , but at the time , Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada 's constitution , on request from the Parliament of Canada . With the Constitution Act 1982 , Canada took over that authority ( as the conclusion of Patriation ) , removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom , giving the country full sovereignty .   Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state . The country is officially bilingual at the federal level . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries . Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world , relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks . Canada 's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture .   Canada is a developed country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index . It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency , civil liberties , quality of life , economic freedom , and education . Canada is a Commonwealth realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations , a member of the Francophonie , and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the G8 , the Group of Ten , the G20 , the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum .

neg: Canadian Club of Toronto The Canadian Club of Toronto is a club in Toronto which meets several times a month to hear lunchtime speeches given by invited guests from the fields of politics , law , business , the arts , the media , and other prominent fields .   In the days before radio and television , the Club provided a chance for influential Torontonians to have contact with Canadian and international leaders in a variety of fields . Even today , the club manages to attract notable speakers . Some examples of speakers to address the club since the year 2000 include Paul Martin , Stephen Harper , Vladimir Putin , Paul Bremer , Bob Rae , Michael Dell , Jean Charest , John de Chastelain , Ted Rogers , Roy McMurtry , Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , Margaret Atwood , Karen Kain , Ralph Klein , David Frum , Pamela Wallin , John Manley , Beverley McLachlin , Dalton McGuinty , Belinda Stronach , David Dodge , Pinball Clemons , Gordon Campbell , Louise Arbour , Adrienne Clarkson , Donovan Bailey , Anne Mulcahy , and Jack Layton .   The Canadian Club has long had a role in Canadian life as an opinion-formation vehicle for some of Toronto 's most prominent citizens .   The Canadian Club of Toronto was founded in 1897 by a Hamilton journalist . Speeches were initially given in the evening , but starting in 1899 , the club moved to its present lunchtime format . In 1903 , several members of the Canadian Club , concerned that the club was not sufficiently opposed to the wave of anti-British sentiment being expressed in the wake of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal decision , left the Canadian Club to found the more pro-British Empire Club of Canada .   As of 2010 , the Canadian Club 's luncheons are normally held on Mondays in the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . As noted on their website : `` The Canadian Club is not-for-profit and holds no political or religious affiliations . There are currently forty Canadian Clubs in various cities around Canada . ''

neg: Cariboo (electoral district) '' For the region of the Canadian province of British Columbia , see Cariboo . For the provincial electoral district of the same name , see Cariboo ( provincial electoral district ) .   Cariboo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia , Canada , that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1871 to 1892 .   This riding was first created as Cariboo District following British Columbia 's admission into the Canadian Confederation in 1871 . The name was changed to `` Cariboo '' in 1872 , and existed in this form until it was abolished in 1892 when it was amalgamated into the new riding of Yale -- Cariboo . In 1914 , Yale -- Cariboo was redistributed and Yale and Cariboo were separate ridings once again , though with smaller areas than before . The Cariboo riding lasted until 1966 . The succession of ridings for the Cariboo area since then has been :   Kamloops -- Cariboo ( 1966 -- 1976 )  Cariboo -- Chilcotin ( 1976 -- 2003 )  Cariboo -- Prince George ( 2003 - )  Kamloops -- Thompson -- Cariboo ( 2004 - )   The Chilcotin region of the riding , west of the Fraser River , was from 1966 to 1976 part of the Coast Chilcotin riding .   The original form of the riding was the whole of the Cariboo Plateau and both Cariboo and Lillooet Land Districts . Its southern boundary was on the northern edge of the New Westminster riding , and later the Burrard riding , then the North Vancouver riding , with near-coastal localities such as Pemberton , Squamish , Britannia Beach and Port Douglas all politically part of `` Cariboo '' .   Under the Representation Act of 1892 , the constituencies of Yale and Cariboo were united to form Yale -- Cariboo . In 1914 that riding was broken up and the Yale and Cariboo riding-names were restored , although the new constituencies were considerably smaller than before . The restored Yale riding included the Boundary Country around Grand Forks and Greenwood , but the Kootenay was now a separate riding and the town of Yale itself was not in the restored Yale riding , but in the new riding of Westminster District . The first election using the new boundaries was in 1917 . `` Government '' and `` Opposition '' were used during the wartime campaign to designate the governing Conservatives vs the Opposition Liberals .   A major redistribution in 1952 took away the southern half of the Cariboo district , with a southern boundary at 52 degrees 30 minutes north , just excluding Williams Lake and the south bank of Quesnel Lake . The rest of the riding extended to the Little Rancheria River and the border with Yukonand the Northwest Territories , therefore including the Omineca , Prince George and Peace River districts .   The Cariboo electoral district was abolished in 1966 . Successor ridings were :   Coast Chilcotin ( 1966 - 1976 )  Kamloops -- Cariboo ( 1966 - 1976 )  Prince George -- Peace River ( 1966 - 1976 )  Skeena ( 1914 - 2003 )

neg: Côte-Nord Côte-Nord ( -LSB- kot nɔʁ -RSB- , French for `` North Shore '' , area 247,633.94 km ² ) is the second largest administrative region by land area in Quebec , Canada , after Nord-du-Québec . It covers much of the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River estuary and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence past Tadoussac .   While most of the region is in the same time zone as the rest of Quebec , the far eastern portion east of the 63rd meridian , including half of Anticosti Island , is officially in the Atlantic Time Zone .

neg: List of Canadian provinces and territories by population Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories . The majority of Canada 's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada -- US border . Its four largest provinces by area ( Quebec , Ontario , British Columbia and Alberta ) are also ( with Quebec and Ontario switched in order ) its most populous ; together they account for 86 % of the country 's population . The territories ( the Northwest Territories , Nunavut and Yukon ) account for over a third of Canada 's area but are home to only 0.3 % of its population , which skews the national population density value .   Canada 's population grew by 5.0 % between the 2006 and 2011 censuses . Except for New Brunswick , all territories and provinces increased in population from 2011 to 2016 . In terms of percent change , the fastest-growing province or territory was Nunavut with an increase of 12.7 % between 2011 and 2016 , followed by Alberta with 11.6 % growth . New Brunswick 's population decreased by 0.5 % between 2011 and 2016 .   Canada 's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 : see List of population of Canada by years .

neg: Canada–Ireland relations Canada -- Ireland relations are those between Canada and Republic of Ireland . Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations , the importance of which centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada and the two countries ' shared history as parts of the British Empire . Approximately 4.5 million Canadians claimed to have Irish ancestors ( approximately 14 % of Canada 's population ) . Both nations are mutual members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , United Nations and the World Trade Organization .

neg: Declaration of war by Canada A declaration of war by Canada is a formal declaration issued by the Government of Canada ( the federal Crown-in-Council ) indicating that a state of war exists between Canada and another nation . It is an exercise of the Royal Prerogative on the constitutional advice of the ministers of the Crown in Cabinet and does not require the direct approval of the Parliament of Canada , though such can be sought by the government . Since gaining the authority to declare war under the Statute of Westminster 1931 , Canada has declared war only during the Second World War .

neg: History of Quebec Quebec has played a special role in French history ; the modern province occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada ( New France ) in the 17th and 18th centuries . The population is predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic , with a large Anglophone minority , augmented in recent years by immigrants from Asia . The political alienation of the Francophones from the Anglophones has been a persistent theme since the late 19th century . Tensions were especially high during the First World War . Historically , British merchants and financiers controlled the economy , and dominated Montreal . The Catholic Church , in close cooperation with the landowners , led a highly traditional social structure in rural and small town Quebec . Much of that changed during the Quiet Revolution of the 1980s . Quebec 's separatists , calling for an independent nation , gained strength , but were narrowly defeated in two referenda . Quebec imposed increasingly stringent laws favouring the French language ; many Anglophones left , as did many of the national and international corporations that had been based in Montreal .

neg: Rebellions of 1837–1838 The Rebellions of 1837 ( Les rébellions de 1837 ) were two armed uprisings that took place in Lower and Upper Canada in 1837 and 1838 . Both rebellions were motivated by frustrations with political reform . A key shared goal was responsible government , which was eventually achieved in the incidents ' aftermath . The rebellions led directly to Lord Durham 's Report on the Affairs of British North America and to The British North America Act , 1840 which partially reformed the British provinces into a unitary system and eventually led to the British North America Act , 1867 which created Canada and its government .

neg: Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British or French patriotism , preceding the first legal steps to independence by over 50 years . The earliest , `` The Bold Canadian '' , was written in 1812 .

neg: Confederation Boulevard Confederation Boulevard ( Boulevard de la Confédération ) is a `` ceremonial and discovery route '' in Canada 's National Capital Region , running through Parliament Hill and encompassing downtown areas in Ottawa and Gatineau . Some of Canada 's most important institutions and landmarks lie along its route . During state visits , Confederation Boulevard is toured by foreign dignitaries . On Canada Day , much of Confederation Boulevard is closed to cars . Confederation Boulevard is an initiative of the National Capital Commission ( NCC ) .   The route 's name commemorates Canadian Confederation .

neg: Constitution of Quebec The constitution of Quebec comprises a set of legal rules which fall in either one of the follow categories :   The provisions of the Constitution Act , 1867 pertaining to the provinces of Canada in general and Quebec in particular ;  The organic laws relative to the distribution of powers of Quebec and the individual rights of persons . These are composed of some fifteen laws , the main ones being An Act respecting the National Assembly , the Executive Power Act , the Election Act , the Referendum Act , the Charter of human rights and freedoms , the Charter of the French language , etc. ;  Most of the constitutional conventions concerned with the Crown of Canada , the Executive and the Parliament ;  The common law rules on the royal prerogative exercised by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec ;  The case law of the courts of Quebec and the federal courts of Canada ;   The Parliament of Quebec has the power to modify certain parts of Quebec 's provincial constitution , while certain other parts can only be modified by going through the process of amending the Constitution of Canada .

neg: 1894 Colonial Conference The Colonial Conference of 1894 was called by the government of Canada to continue discussion begun at the First Colonial Conference in 1887 on a proposal to lay a telegraph cable at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean to create a communications link between Canada and Australasia and , by extension , to the rest of the British Empire as part of what became referred to as the All Red Line network of cables throughout the Empire .   The opening ceremonies were in the Senate Chamber in the Centre Block of the Canadian parliament buildings but day-to-day meetings occurred in the offices of the Minister of Trade and Commerce .   The Earl of Jersey attended the conference as the representative of the British government and was instructed to listen and report back but not to make any commitments on behalf of the government .   All self-governing British colonies were invited to send delegates with the exception of Newfoundland Colony . Western Australia and Natal Colony did not send representatives due to domestic priorities . The colony of Fiji was also invited due to its geographical location on the proposed route of the cable but declined . Delegates were sent to the conference by Canada , New Zealand , the Australian self-governing colonies of New South Wales , Queensland , South Australia , Tasmania and Victoria and the South African colony of Cape Colony . Unlike other colonial conference , the colonial delegates were cabinet ministers or legislators or government representatives rather than Prime Ministers .   Resolutions were proposed to the conference and it was agreed that decisions would be made on the basis of `` one colony , one vote '' but the resolutions were not binding on the British government or the Colonial Office .   In addition to discussing telecommunications issues , the conference also approved a resolution favouring preferential trade within the Empire , however , this resolution was opposed by Australia 's largest colonies , New South Wales and Queensland , who were suspicious the Canadian initiative seemed designed to undermine Australia 's protective tariffs . The proposal would be made again to the 1897 Colonial Conference but was not agreed to and would not be acted upon until the British Empire Economic Conference in 1932 .

neg: Acadians The Acadians ( Acadiens , -LSB- akadjɛ̃ -RSB- ) are the descendants of French colonists who settled in Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries , some of whom are also Métis . The colony was located in what is now Eastern Canada 's Maritime provinces ( Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island ) , as well as part of Quebec , and present-day Maine to the Kennebec River . Although today most of the Acadians and Québécois are French-speaking ( francophone ) Canadians , Acadia was a distinctly separate colony of New France . It was geographically and administratively separate from the French colony of Canada ( modern-day Quebec ) . As a result , the Acadians and Québécois developed two distinct histories and cultures . They also developed a slightly different French language . France has one official language and to accomplish this they have an administration in charge of the language . Since the Acadians were separated from this council , their French language evolved independently , and Acadians retain several elements of 17th-century French that have been lost in France . The settlers whose descendants became Acadians came from many areas in France , but especially regions such as Île-de-France , Normandy , Brittany , Poitou and Aquitaine . Acadian family names have come from many areas in France . For example , the Maillets are from Paris ; the LeBlancs of Normandy ; the surname Melanson is from Brittany , and those with the surnames Bastarache and Basque came from Aquitaine .   The Acadians lived for almost 80 years in Acadia , prior to the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710 . After the conquest , they refused to sign an unconditional oath for the next forty-five years . During the French and Indian War ( the North American theatre of the Seven Years ' War ) , British colonial officers suspected and later confirmed their allegiance after finding Acadians fighting alongside French troops after conquering Fort Beausejour . The British , together with New England legislators and militia , carried out the Great Expulsion of 1755 -- 1764 during and after the war years . They deported approximately 11,500 Acadians from the maritime region . Approximately one-third perished from disease and drowning . Although one historian compared this event to contemporary ethnic cleansing , other historians suggested that the event is comparable with other deportations in history .   Many Acadians migrated to present day Louisiana state ( known then as Spanish colonial Luisiana ) , where they developed what became known as Cajun culture . Others were transported to France . Some of those were settled secondarily to Louisiana by Henri Peyroux de la Coudreniere . Later on , many Acadians returned to the Maritime provinces of Canada , most specifically New Brunswick . Most who returned ended up in New Brunswick because they were barred by the British from resettling their lands and villages in the land that became Nova Scotia . Before the US Revolutionary War , the Crown settled New England Planters in former Acadian communities and farmland as well as , after the war , Loyalists ( including nearly 3,000 Black Loyalists , who were freed slaves ) . British policy was to assimilate Acadians with the local populations where they resettled .   Acadians speak a dialect of French called Acadian French . Many of those in the Moncton area speak Chiac and English . The Louisiana Cajun descendants speak a dialect of American English called Cajun English , with several also speaking Cajun French , a close relative of the original dialect from Canada influenced by Spanish and West African languages .

neg: Canada 2011 Census The Canada 2011 Census is a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population on May 10 , 2011 . Statistics Canada , an agency of the Canadian government , conducts a nationwide census every five years . In 2011 , it consisted of a mandatory short form census questionnaire and an inaugural National Household Survey ( NHS ) , a voluntary survey which replaced the mandatory long form census questionnaire ; this substitution was the focus of much controversy . Completion of the ( short form ) census is mandatory for all Canadians , and those who do not complete it may face penalties ranging from fines to jail time .   The Statistics Act mandates a Senate and/or House of Commons ( joint ) committee review of the opt-in clause ( for the release of one 's census records after 92 years ) by 2014 .   The 2011 Census is the fifteenth decennial census and is required by section 8 of the Constitution Act , 1867 . As with other decennial censuses , the data was used to adjust federal electoral district boundaries .   As of August 24 , 2011 , Canada 's overall collection response rate was 98.1 % , up over a full percentage point from 96.5 % in the 2006 Census . Ontario and Prince Edward Island each hold the highest response rate at 98.3 % , while Nunavut holds the lowest response rate at 92.7 % .   In an article in the New York Times in August 2015 , journalist Stephen Marche argued that by ending the mandatory long-form census in 2011 , the federal government `` stripped Canada of its capacity to gather information about itself '' in the `` age of information . '' Nearly 500 organizations in Canada , including the Canadian Medical Association , the Canadian Chamber of Commerce , and the Canadian Catholic Council of Bishops protested the decision to replace the long form Census in 2011 with a shorter version .

neg: Canada–Latin America relations Canada -- Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America . This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states , plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states , or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States ( OAS ) .   Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization . Culturally , Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European , indigenous American , and immigrant influences . Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking , and since French is a `` Latin '' language , Canada ( or more often Quebec ) is sometimes considered an honorary part of Latin America . However , Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos . For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other . However Canada 's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990 .

neg: North-West Rebellion The North-West Rebellion ( or the North-West Resistance , Saskatchewan Rebellion , Northwest Uprising , or Second Riel Rebellion ) of 1885 was a brief and unsuccessful uprising by the Métis people under Louis Riel and an associated uprising by First Nations Cree and Assiniboine of the District of Saskatchewan against the government of Canada . The Métis believed that Canada had failed to protect their rights , their land and their survival as a distinct people . Riel had been invited to lead the movement but he turned it into a military action with a heavily religious tone , thereby alienating the Catholic clergy , the whites , most of the Indians and some of the Métis . He had a force of a couple hundred Métis and a smaller number of Aboriginal at Batoche in May 1885 , confronting 900 government troops .   Despite some notable early victories at Duck Lake , Fish Creek and Cut Knife , the rebellion ended when the Métis were defeated at the Siege of Batoche . The remaining Aboriginal allies scattered . Riel was captured and put on trial . He was convicted of treason and despite many pleas across Canada for amnesty , he was hanged . Riel became the heroic martyr to Francophone Canada and ethnic tensions escalated into a major national division that was never resolved . Thanks to the key role that the Canadian Pacific Railway played in transporting troops , Conservative political support for it increased and Parliament authorized funds to complete the country 's first transcontinental railway . Although only a few hundred people were directly affected in Saskatchewan , the long-term result was that the Prairie Provinces would be controlled by English speakers , not the French Canadians . A much more important long-term impact was the bitter alienation French speakers across Canada showed , and anger against the repression of their countrymen .

neg: Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area .   The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government .   In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government .   __ TOC __

neg: Philosophy in Canada The study and teaching of philosophy in Canada date from the time of New France . There has since developed no particular `` Canadian '' school of philosophy . Rather , Canadian philosophers have reflected particular views of established European and later American schools of philosophical thought , be it Thomism , Objective Idealism , or Scottish Common Sense Realism . Since the mid-twentieth century the depth and scope of philosophical activity in Canada has increased dramatically . This article focuses on the evolution of epistemology , logic , the philosophy of mind , metaphysics , ethics and metaethics , and continental philosophy in Canada .

neg: Forestry in Canada The Canadian forestry industry is a major contributor to the Canadian economy . With 42 percent of the land acreage of Canada covered by forests , the country contains 10 percent of the world 's forested land , made up mostly of spruce , poplar and pine . Forests and forestry in Canada are managed by Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Forest Service , in cooperation with several organizations which represent government officials , policy experts and numerous other stakeholders . Extensive deforestation by European settlers during the 18th and 19th centuries has been halted by more modern policies , and today less than 1 percent of Canada 's forests are affected by logging each year . Despite the low amount of land that is logged , Canada is the world 's second-largest exporter of forestry goods , and the industry contributes significantly to Canada 's surplus global balance of trade . Economic concerns related to forestry include greenhouse gas emissions , biotechnology , biological diversity and infestations of pests , such as the mountain pine beetle .

neg: Arctic policy of Canada The Arctic policy of Canada includes both the foreign policy of Canada in regard to the Arctic region and Canada 's domestic policy towards its Arctic territories . This includes the devolution of powers to the territories . Canada 's Arctic policy includes the plans and provisions of these regional governments . It encompasses the exercise of sovereignty , social and economic development , the protection of the environment , and the improving and devolving of governance .   Canada , along with the 7 other Arctic nations , is a member of the Arctic Council . On August 23 , 2012 , Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Nunavut MP Leona Aglukkaq would serve as chair of the Arctic Council when Canada assumed the Chairmanship from Sweden in May 2013 .   Along with its mainland in the upper regions of North America , Canada claims sovereignty over the related continental shelf and the Arctic Archipelago . It considers the waters between the islands of the Archipelago to be Canadian Internal Waters . The United States considers those to be international waters .   Canada has more Arctic land mass than any other country . This land is included within the administrative regions of the Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon . As of 2011 , approximately 107,265 Canadians live in the Arctic .