query: Jon Huntsman Jr. had a job for the Reagan administration.

pos: Jon Huntsman Jr. Jon Meade Huntsman Jr. ( born March 26 , 1960 ) is an American politician , businessman , and diplomat who served as the 16th Governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009 , and as United States Ambassador to Singapore from 1992 to 1993 , and China from 2009 to 2011 . He has served in the administrations of five U.S. Presidents and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination . In January 2014 , Huntsman was named Chairman of the Washington-based foreign policy think-tank the Atlantic Council . It has been reported he was chosen to be the next Ambassador to Russia in March 2017 .   Huntsman has served in every presidential administration since Ronald Reagan . He began his career as a White House staff assistant for Ronald Reagan , and was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce and United States Ambassador to Singapore by George H.W. Bush . Later as Deputy U.S. Trade Representative under George W. Bush , he launched global trade negotiations in Doha in 2001 and guided the accession of China into the World Trade Organization . He also served as CEO of his family-owned Huntsman Corporation and chairman of the Huntsman Cancer Foundation . In 2009 , he was appointed United States Ambassador to China by Barack Obama .   While Governor , he was named Chairman of the Western Governors Association , and joined the Executive Committee of the National Governors Association . Under his leadership , Utah was named the best managed state in America by the Pew Center on the States . He won re-election in 2008 with nearly 78 % of the vote and left office with approval ratings over 80 % .

neg: Democrats for Nixon Democrats for Nixon was a campaign to promote Democratic support for the then-incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon in the 1972 presidential election . The campaign was led by the former Democratic governor of Texas , John Connally .   Connally , who was serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury , announced that he would be supporting Nixon for re-election and would spend his time until the elections working on behalf of the incumbent .   A Democrat who had been Governor of Texas and United States Secretary of the Navy under John F. Kennedy , Connally formally announced the formation of the organization in August 1972 . Polling cited by Connally indicated that as many as 20 million Democrats would cross over to vote for Nixon and invited `` all those millions of Democrats who realize that in this Presidential election President Nixon is simply the better choice '' . Connally stated that he was troubled by Senator George McGovern 's campaign and felt that the Democratic party `` is becoming an ideological machine closed to millions who have been the party 's most loyal and steadfast members '' under McGovern 's leadership . The committee included Mayor Beverly Briley of Nashville , Tennessee , former Governor of Florida Farris Bryant , Mayor of Boston John F. Collins , Mayor Thomas G. Dunn of Elizabeth , New Jersey , Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons , Governor of Virginia Mills E. Godwin , Jr. , Mayor of Miami , Florida David T. Kennedy and Leonard Marks who had previously headed the United States Information Agency . A fundraising target of as much as $ 3 million was set for the organization . Connally also announced that Jeno Paulucci , a frozen food distributor who had been closely involved as a fundraiser for Hubert H. Humphrey in his presidential bids , would serve as head of a group encouraging independent voters to choose Nixon .   In a September 1972 article in The New York Times , Connally was quoted as saying that increasing numbers of traditionally Democratic voters were leaving the fold because they `` are afraid of George McGovern '' because of his proposals for major cutbacks in defense spending and in the number of U.S. troops serving in Europe . Connally insisted that `` it is in the best interests of this country that the president be re-elected this year '' .

neg: Louis O. Giuffrida Louis Onorato Giuffrida ( October 2 , 1920 -- November 20 , 2012 ) was the Ronald Reagan administration 's first director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency from 1981 to 1985 .   Giuffrida graduated from the University of Connecticut ( B.A. ) and Boston University ( M.A. ) .   He had a lengthy career in the U.S. Army , attaining the rank of colonel in 1968 .   As originally reported by Alfonso Chardy in a newspaper article in the Miami Herald , July 5 , 1987 , at the US Army War College , Giuffrida wrote a thesis outlining a military plan for the forcible relocation of millions of black Americans to concentration camps in the event of a national emergency involving racial strife . This is debatable as the thesis referenced below states it would take 14 years to relocate them forcibly . The thesis appears to refer to 500K self-described militants ( see page 38 ) being relocated . On page 41 , he appears to question whether this is even realistic . Much of the thesis appears to be devoted to the history of racism and concludes that the treatment of blacks in the army offers a positive example to society ( see pages 1 and 47 ) Prior to September 2014 the Miami Herald article was the only publication to share details about Giuffrida 's thesis .   In 1971 he left the Army and organized the California Specialized Training Institute for then California Governor Reagan . The institute trained state employees in emergency management and police in counter-terrorism activities . . It was during this time that Giuffrida became friends with Edwin Meese .   He also served as an advisor on terrorism , emergency management , and other special topics for Governor Reagan . He was eventually promoted to the rank of general in the California Militia -LSB- see Title 32 U.S. Code -RSB- . Giuffrida was confirmed on May 18 , 1981 . At the time of his nomination Giuffrida was president of the Specialized Management Services Co. and director of the California Specialized Training Institute .   During his tenure at FEMA , Giuffrida developed much of FEMA 's civil defense programs , including Continuity of Government .   Giuffrida was eventually forced out of the agency in 1985 after a Congressional investigation alleged that he spent government money to build a private residence at FEMA 's Emergency Management Institute in Emmitsburg , Maryland as well as mismanagement and fraud .

neg: Robert E. Hunter Robert Edwards Hunter ( born 1940 in Cambridge , Massachusetts ) is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Transatlantic Relations at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies , Washington , D.C. . He is also a member of the Secretary of State 's International Security Advisory Board . He was Director of the Center for Transatlantic Security Studies at the National Defense University , Washington , D.C. ( 2010-2012 ) and Senior Advisor at the RAND Corporation , Arlington , Va , ( 1998-2010 ) . He was National Security Council Director of West European Affairs ( 1977 -- 1979 ) and then Director of Middle East Affairs ( 1979 -- 1981 ) , throughout the administration of President Jimmy Carter , and United States Ambassador to NATO ( 1993 -- 1998 ) , in the administration of President Bill Clinton , where he was principal architect and negotiator of the post-Cold War `` new NATO '' and of the NATO airstrike decisions that ended the Bosnia War . He was the first Foreign Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy ( 1993-1997 ) . He served on the White House staff , focusing on education , under President Lyndon Johnson ( 1964 -- 1965 ) . He was an Administrative Management Intern ( summers 1961-1963 ) at the U.S. Navy 's Polaris Project , both in Washington and the British Admiralty .   For more than four decades , Ambassador Hunter has been a leader in foreign policy and defense analysis -- in the US and abroad -- including 13 years in policy making and implementation at the highest levels of the US government . He has played a particularly effective role in integrating different instruments of power and influence and in relating domestic politics to foreign policy , including White House-Congressional relations . He is noted for his efforts to forge bipartisan cooperation on foreign policy . His work includes designing the Carter Doctrine for the Persian Gulf , negotiating Arab-Israeli issues , helping to `` recreate '' NATO after the end of the Cold War , and breaking down barriers between NATO and the European Union . Trained in nuclear strategy , arms control , NATO , US defense policy , East-West relations , the European Economic Community ( and its successors ) , the developing world , and political economy . He has also played a major role in shaping the foreign policy positions of the Democratic Party over many years . He is widely recognized as one of the Nation 's leading authorities on Europe and the Middle East , in all dimensions . He is also an expert on terrorism , counter-insurgency , asymmetrical warfare , human rights , democracy promotion , and the structure and operation of the National Security Council and various international institutions .   He was President of the Atlantic Treaty Association , the umbrella organization for NATO 's 41 Atlantic Councils , headquartered in Brussels , Belgium , from 2003 to 2008 . Ambassador Hunter was Chairman of the Council for a Community of Democracies ( 2001-2014 ) . He was Senior Fellow at the Overseas Development Council ( 1970-1973 ) ; Lead Consultant to the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America , the `` Kissinger Commission '' ( 1983-1984 ) ; Advisor on Lebanon to the Speaker of the House of Representatives ( 1983 ) ; and served on the Secretary of Defense 's Defense Policy Board ( 1998-2000 ) . He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Board of the American Academy of Diplomacy , and a former member of the Board of the Atlantic Council of the United States , and currently member of the Board of the European Institute . He was a member ( 2010-2013 ) of the Academic Advisory Board of the NATO Defense College in Rome , where he is now an Honorary Ancien . From 1994 to 1997 , he was Chairman of the Charlemagne Council ( Europe ) of the Boy Scouts of America , and is a Distinguished Eagle Scout ( Scouting 's highest honor . ) From 1998 to 2010 , he was an Associate at Harvard University 's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs .   Ambassador Hunter has authored more than 1000 publications , written for Foreign Policy , Foreign Affairs , The Washington Quarterly , and many other journals , and chapters in books and op-ed articles in The Los Angeles Times , The New York Times , and The Washington Post ( more than 400 articles from 1981 -- 93 ) . His books include Security in Europe , Indiana University Press , 1972 ; Presidential Control of Foreign Policy : Management or Mishap ( foreword by Brent Scowcroft ) , Center for Strategic and International Studies , 1982 ; The European Security and Defense Policy : NATO 's Companion - or Competitor ? , RAND , 2002 ; Building a Successful Palestinian State : Security ( with Seth Jones ) , RAND , 2006 ; and Building Security in the Persian Gulf , RAND , 2010 . His oral history , Education Never Ends , was published by the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training in 2011 . He has given speeches and appeared on radio and television in more than 20 countries , several thousand appearances . He has taught at the London School of Economics , George Washington University , Georgetown University , Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies , and Washington College , where he was Louis L. Goldstein Chair in Public Policy ( 1989 ) . He has been decorated by 8 foreign countries ( including the French Legion of Honor ) and has twice been decorated with the Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Medal , the Pentagon 's highest civilian decoration .   He has played a national policy role in eight U.S. presidential election campaigns and written speeches for more serous candidates for president of the United States ( 13 ) than anyone else in US history , including 3 U.S. Presidents and 4 Vice Presidents , plus Secretaries of State and Defense , senators , representatives and other political figures .   He attended Wesleyan University ( B.A. - 1962 , honors in general scholarship high distinction in social studies , Phi Beta Kappa , Distinguished Alumnus ) , where he is a Trustee Emeritus , and the London School of Economics ( Ph.D. in International Relations , 1969 , Fulbright Scholar and Noel Buxton Studentship ) . He has travelled to 95 countries and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the International Institute for Strategic Studies . He is married to Shireen Hunter ( née Tahmasseb ) , and they reside in Washington , DC and Naples , Florida .

neg: United States presidential election in California, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in California refers to how California participated in the 1980 United States presidential election . California voted for the Republican nominee , the state 's former governor Ronald Reagan , in a landslide over the Democratic incumbent , Jimmy Carter . Reagan won his home state by a wide 16.78 % margin and carried all but three counties . Among the counties Reagan won was Plumas , the first Republican victory in that county since 1920 . Reagan is also the last Republican candidate to carry the counties of Marin and Santa Cruz in a presidential election .   1980 stands as the last election in which California voted more Republican than the United States as a whole . This election indeed constitutes the most Republican California has voted relative to the whole nation since 1928 , when anti-Catholic prejudice against Al Smith had a substantial influence ; here , it was widely believed that Carter lacked understanding of critical Western issues , most importantly water development .

neg: Lyn Nofziger Franklyn Curran `` Lyn '' Nofziger ( June 8 , 1924 -- March 27 , 2006 ) was an American journalist , conservative Republican political consultant and author . He served as press secretary in Ronald Reagan 's administration as Governor of California , and as a White House advisor during the Richard Nixon administration and again during the Reagan presidency .

neg: Sentencing Act of 1987 The Sentencing Act of 1987 ( Pub.L . 100-182 ) enacted some changes to the federal sentencing regime in the United States . The legislation amended to permit expressly departures based on circumstances of an exceptional `` kind '' or `` degree . '' The insertion of this new language was described by the manager of the House bill , Representative John Conyers , as `` clarifying '' in nature because it simply made explicit in the law that which was previously described in the Senate Committee Report as implicit and intended . There is evidence that under the new regime , sentences may not have increased as much as expected : although the average prison term for trial sentences increases post‐reforms , there is no systematic increase in the average length of the pleas .   Additionally , the law abolished parole for federal prisoners and created the United States Sentencing Commission . The commission makes the guidelines used by federal judges when sentencing people convicted of a federal crime .   The bill was introduced by Senator Joseph Biden on October 27 , 1987 . It was signed into law on December 7 , 1987 , by President Ronald Reagan .

neg: United States presidential election in Minnesota, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 6 , 1984 in Minnesota as part of the 1984 United States presidential election .   The Democratic Party candidate , former Vice President Walter Mondale , narrowly won his home state over incumbent President Ronald Reagan by just 3,761 votes , giving him his only state victory in the election ( Mondale also carried the District of Columbia ) . Minnesota was the only state not to back Reagan in either of his presidential campaigns .   Since all 49 other states went to the Republican Party in 1984 , this established Minnesota 's status as the state with the longest streak of voting Democratic . As of 2016 , it still has not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1972 . However , the District of Columbia has voted Democratic in all presidential elections since 1964 , when it was first granted the right to vote for president .

neg: Huntsman Cancer Foundation The Huntsman Cancer Foundation ( HCF ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit charity dedicated to fundraising for the Huntsman Cancer Institute ( HCI ) . The Foundation is located in Salt Lake City , Utah , and is located in the same building as the Huntsman Corporation world headquarters .   HCF was founded in 1995 by Jon Huntsman , Sr. to build and support the Huntsman Cancer Institute . One hundred percent of all donations benefit HCI through underwriting support by Jon and Karen Huntsman .

neg: Paul Bardacke Paul Gregory Bardacke ( born December 16 , 1944 ) is the former Attorney General of New Mexico , having served from 1983-1986 .   Mr. Bardacke attended the University of California at Santa Barbara ( B.A. , cum laude , 1966 ) and University of California at Berkeley ( J.D. 1969 ) .   Paul Bardacke is an attorney who has practiced law in the public and private sectors for over 40 years .   His current practice focuses on mediation and arbitration , and Paul has mediated over 1000 cases in the past 18 years and has tried over 25 jury trials as first chair , primarily in the areas of commercial , natural resources and environmental law .   He is a founding member of the bipartisan think tank Think New Mexico .   Paul also served as Chairman of Governor Bill Richardson 's successful gubernatorial campaigns in 2002 .   In 2005 , he served as a member of a small US delegation to North Korea to negotiate civil rights issues .   In 2010 he was appointed by Interior Secretary Ken Salazar to the National Park Service Advisory Board for a three year term .   Bardacke has been the recipient of the Reginald Heber Smith Fellowship ( 1969 -- 1970 ) , an instructor in Evidence and Trial Practice at the University of New Mexico Law School , ( 1973 -- 1982 ) , adjunct faculty member of the National Institute of Trial Advocacy ( 1978 -- ) , Attorney General of the State of New Mexico ( 1983 -- 1986 ) , Special U.S. Attorney for District of New Mexico ( 1984 -- 1985 ) and Special Counsel to State of New Mexico on Windfall Profits Tax Litigation ( 1981 -- 1985 )

neg: United States presidential election in Idaho, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . Idaho voters chose 4 electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Idaho was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan ( R ) by a 41-point landslide . It is a reliably Republican state , and the last Democratic presidential candidate to carry the state was Lyndon Johnson in his 1964 presidential campaign .

neg: Working Group on Financial Markets The Working Group on Financial Markets ( also , President 's Working Group on Financial Markets , the Working Group , and colloquially the Plunge Protection Team ) was created by Executive Order 12631 , signed on March 18 , 1988 , by United States President Ronald Reagan .   As established by the executive order , the Working Group has three purposes and functions :   '' ( a ) Recognizing the goals of enhancing the integrity , efficiency , orderliness , and competitiveness of our Nation 's financial markets and maintaining investor confidence , the Working Group shall identify and consider :  ( 1 ) the major issues raised by the numerous studies on the events in the financial markets surrounding October 19 , 1987 , and any of those recommendations that have the potential to achieve the goals noted above ; and  ( 2 ) the actions , including governmental actions under existing laws and regulations ( such as policy coordination and contingency planning ) , that are appropriate to carry out these recommendations .  ( b ) The Working Group shall consult , as appropriate , with representatives of the various exchanges , clearinghouses , self-regulatory bodies , and with major market participants to determine private sector solutions wherever possible .  ( c ) The Working Group shall report to the President initially within 60 days ( and periodically thereafter ) on its progress and , if appropriate , its views on any recommended legislative changes . ''   The Working Group consists of :  The Secretary of the Treasury , or his or her designee ( as Chairperson of the Working Group ) ;  The Chairperson of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System , or his or her designee ;  The Chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Commission , or his or her designee ; and  The Chairperson of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission , or his or her designee .

neg: United States presidential election in South Carolina, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 6 , 1984 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . South Carolina voters chose 8 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States .   South Carolina was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .

neg: Jack Lew Jacob Joseph `` Jack '' Lew ( born August 29 , 1955 ) is an American attorney who was the 76th United States Secretary of the Treasury , serving from 2013 to 2017 . He served as the 25th White House Chief of Staff from 2012 to 2013 . Lew previously served as Director of the Office of Management and Budget in the Clinton and Obama Administrations , and is a member of the Democratic Party .   Born in New York City , Lew received his A.B. from Harvard College and his J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center . Lew began his career as a legislative assistant to Representative Joe Moakley and as a senior policy adviser to former House Speaker Tip O'Neill . Lew then worked as an attorney in private practice before working as a deputy in Boston 's office of management and budget . In 1993 , he began work for the Clinton Administration as Special Assistant to the President . In 1994 Lew served as Associate Director for Legislative Affairs and Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget , where he served as Director of that agency from 1998 to 2001 and from 2010 to 2012 . After leaving the Clinton Administration , Lew worked as the Executive Vice President for Operations at New York University from 2001 to 2006 , and as the COO at Citigroup from 2006 to 2008 . Lew then served as the first Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources , from 2009 to 2010 .   On January 10 , 2013 , Lew was nominated as the replacement for retiring Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner , to serve in President Barack Obama 's second term . On February 27 , 2013 , the Senate confirmed Lew for the position . He was sworn in the following day .

neg: Gary Herbert Gary Richard Herbert ( born May 7 , 1947 ) is an American politician who is the 17th and current Governor of Utah . A member of the Republican Party , Herbert has served as Governor since August 2009 . From July 2015 to July 2016 , Herbert served as chair of the National Governors Association .   Born in American Fork , Utah , Herbert served for two years as an LDS missionary in the eastern United States following his graduation from high school , then attended Brigham Young University and joined the Utah Army National Guard . After serving in the National Guard , Herbert began a career in real estate and opened his own firm . Herbert won a seat on the Utah County Commission in 1990 , where he served 14 years . Herbert also served as presidents of the Utah Association of Counties and Utah Association of Realtors .   After initially running for the Republican nomination for Governor in 2004 , Herbert teamed up with ambassador and businessman Jon Huntsman as his running mate in the general election . Herbert was sworn in as Lieutenant Governor of Utah in 2005 , serving one term until he assumed the governorship on August 11 , 2009 , following the resignation of Governor Huntsman , who was appointed to serve as the United States Ambassador to China by President Barack Obama . Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010 , defeating Democratic nominee Salt Lake County Mayor Peter Corroon with 64 % of the vote . He won election to a full four-year term in 2012 , defeating Democratic Businessman Peter Cooke with 68 % of the vote and was re-elected to a second full four-year term in 2016 . In a recent statement , Herbert declined to say if he will run again for election in 2020 .

neg: The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 .   The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President .   McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 .   The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously :   -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' .   The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . ''   In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .

neg: Unitary executive theory The unitary executive theory is a theory of American constitutional law holding that the President possesses the power to control the entire executive branch . The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution , which vests `` the executive power '' of the United States in the President .   Although that general principle is widely accepted , there is disagreement about the strength and scope of the doctrine . It can be said that some favor a `` strongly unitary '' executive , while others favor a `` weakly unitary '' executive . The former group argue , for example , that Congress 's power to interfere with intra-executive decision-making ( such as firing executive branch officials ) is limited , and that the President can control policy-making by all executive agencies within the limits set for those agencies by Congress . Still others agree that the Constitution requires a unitary executive , but believe this to be a bad thing , and propose its abolition by constitutional amendment .   In several states , in contrast to the federal government , executive officers such as lieutenant governor , attorney general , comptroller , secretary of state and others are elected independently of the state 's governor , with Texas being one example . This type of executive structure is known as a plural executive . Another type of plural executive , used in Japan , Israel , and Sweden , though not in any U.S. state , in which a collegial body comprises the executive branch - however , that collegial body does not comprise multiple members elected in elections , but is rather more akin to the US Cabinet in formation and structure .

neg: United States presidential election in Montana, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 4 , 1980 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 1980 United States presidential election . Voters chose 4 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Montana overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee , Governor Ronald Reagan , over the Democratic nominee , President Jimmy Carter . Reagan won Montana by a landslide margin of 24.39 % .

neg: United States Senate elections, 1990 The United States Senate elections , 1990 were held on Tuesday , November 6 , 1990 . The Democratic Party increased its majority with a net gain of one seat from the Republican Party . The election took place in the middle of President George H. W. Bush 's term , and , as with most other midterm elections , the party not holding the presidency gained seats in Congress .   Only one seat changed parties in this election , as Democrat Paul Wellstone defeated incumbent Republican Rudy Boschwitz ( R-MN ) . Democrats would gain a 57th seat after Harris Wofford won a 1991 special election to replace H. John Heinz III ( R-PA ) , who had died in a plane crash .

neg: United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President .   New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate .   Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % .   New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election .   New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % .   This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County .   A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State .   In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead .   This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .

neg: Herding Cats: A Life in Politics Herding Cats : A Life in Politics is a book written by U.S. Senator Trent Lott , a Republican from Mississippi . Published by HarperCollins Publishers , Inc. on August 23 , 2005 , the book spans 320 pages . The major points of the book are Lott 's childhood in Grenada and Pascagoula , Mississippi , including his struggles with his alcoholic father ; his election to Congress ; his years in the House of Representatives during the Nixon , Carter , and Reagan administrations ( including his service as Minority Whip in that body ) ; and his service in the Senate , especially his service as Majority Leader during the Clinton and Bush Administrations . He recounts the formative events of his youth and the stories from his political life . From his decision to support Gerald Ford over Ronald Reagan in the 1976 Republican primary to his working partnership with Senate Democratic leader Tom Daschle during the Clinton impeachment and the September 11 attacks in 2001 , Lott traces the inner workings of congressional life .   One major focus of the book is the comments Lott made at the birthday party of Sen. Strom Thurmond in 2002 and the subsequent intense media coverage , which eventually led to his resignation as the Senate Majority Leader in December 2002 . Lott names several figures who he believes orchestrated his downfall , including members of President George W. Bush 's administration , such as then-Secretary of State , Colin Powell , and former Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) head Joe Allbaugh ( who Lott claims has admitted that he intended to bring Lott down as Majority Leader ) ; as well as the successor to Lott as Majority Leader , Sen. Bill Frist .   Lott suggests that his forced resignation was a `` strategic plan '' devised by Bush and others who wanted Frist to take his place , since Frist supported key White House policies like the Medicare expansion , which Lott opposed . Lott notes , however , that his response to the Thurmond controversy played poorly in the media .   Lott wrote in the book that Frist betrayed him by not telling him about Frist 's decision to run for majority leader beforehand . Lott says he took Frist as his protégé , as Frist had no political/public experience when he was first elected to the Senate .   Some suggested that Lott 's book , which portrayed Frist in a negative light , was designed to impede Frist 's possible presidential campaign , but Frist did not run . Lott indicated in the book that he had repaired his relationship with Frist to some extent .   Lott also emphasizes his years as Majority Whip in the House and his years as Majority Leader in the Senate , where Lott claims to have built an efficient vote-getting organization and played a key role in several legislative accomplishments , including the Reagan-era budget cuts and tax cuts , and welfare reform and the tobacco settlement during the Clinton years . This emphasis may tie into Lott 's ambition to rejoin the Senate Republican Leadership .


query: Gregor Clegane is the elder brother of Sandor Clegane.

pos: Gregor Clegane Ser Gregor Clegane , nicknamed The Mountain , is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He is a retainer to House Lannister . An enormous man , he is well known for his size , prowess in battle and cruelty .   Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Gregor is the older brother of Sandor Clegane , from the fictional kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and in A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) as Ser Robert Strong .   Ser Gregor Clegane is a huge knight and the elder brother of Sandor Clegane . Called `` The Mountain That Rides '' , he is known for his incredibly cruel nature and uncontrollable temper . His size and strength make him a fearsome warrior , and he has earned a reputation for cruelty and brutality . He is able to wield a two-handed sword one handed . When they were children , Gregor shoved Sandor 's face into a brazier , gruesomely scarring him .   Gregor Clegane is portrayed by Conan Stevens in season one , by Ian Whyte in season two , and by Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson in seasons four , five , and six in the HBO television adaptation .

neg: House of Telcontar In the fictional universe of J. R. R. Tolkien , the House of Telcontar , previously the House of Elendil , is the Royal House of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor . The House was founded by Aragorn II during the War of the Ring , who was the last surviving Heir of Elendil , and took the throne under the name Elessar .   The name of the House finds its origin in Quenya , one of the Elvish languages . During the War of the Ring , Peregrin Took , a companion of Aragorn 's in The Fellowship of the Ring , became a member of the elite Citadel Guard at Minas Tirith , capital of Gondor . When Lord Aragorn entered the city , Peregrin persisted in familiarly referring to Aragorn by the nickname he had garnered as a Ranger of the North : `` Strider '' , even in front of foreign dignitaries such as King Éomer of Rohan . Aragorn was amused , and decided that the name of the lineage he founded would be `` Telcontar '' , which translates as `` Strider '' in Quenya . Members of the House of Telcontar are referred to as the `` Telcóntari '' ( Striders ) , the plural of Telcontar in Quenya .   Aragorn then took the royal name `` Elessar '' ( translated as Elfstone in Quenya ) .   With Queen Arwen , King Elessar reigned for 120 years , before finally surrendering his life . This long reign is attributed to Elessar 's descent from the Men of Númenor , who are blessed with long life ( he was 88 when he took the throne ) . He rebuilt the old capital Annúminas in Arnor and later ruled from this northern capital , although the old capital Minas Tirith was still of great political importance .   Elessar had one known son , Eldarion , and an unspecified number of daughters . King Elessar was buried with great honour in Minas Tirith . King Eldarion ( his name meaning `` from the Elves '' in reference to his mother Arwen ) was `` full ripe for kingship '' at the time , and ruled for an unspecified amount of time well into the Fourth Age of Men . Little is known of Eldarion , save that he left heirs to continue the House of Telcontar after him .

neg: Jocelyn Jocelyn is a surname and first name . It is a unisex ( male/female ) name . Variants include Josalyn , Jocilyn , Joscelyn , Joscelin , Josceline , Joseline , Jocelin , Jocelyne , Jocelynne , Jocelynn , Joslin , Joslyn , Joclyn , Joselyn , Joselyne , ` Jocylen and Josslyn ; people who have this name may find it is often misspelled by others . The name may derive from Josselin , a locality in Brittany , France , and was introduced to England after the Norman Conquest . It may also derive from the Germanic name Gauzlin , also spelled Gozlin or Goslin . It is Latinized as Iudocus or Judocus , from Breton Iodoc , diminutive of iudh ( `` lord '' ) .   In French , the spelling `` Jocelyn '' is exclusively male . The female counterpart is spelled `` Jocelyne '' .   The Irish name Oisdealbh is sometimes erroneously attributed to a translation of Jocelyn , to Gaelicize Jocelyn de Angulo 's given name . In fact , MacOisdealbhaigh is the Gaelic translation of his brother Hostilo ( or Hostilio ) de Angulo 's given name . It is Hostilo 's descendants who would bear the surname Mac Oisdealbhaigh ( son of Oisdealbh or Hostilo ) . The surname would later be anglicized to Costello , Costelloe , and Costellow .

neg: Stephen, son of Tekesh Stephen , son of Tekesh ( Tekes fia István died after 1280 ) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman , who served as voivode of Transylvania in 1280 , during the reign of Ladislaus IV of Hungary .   His father was Tekesh , son of Nicholas , who served as ispán ( comes ) of Sáros County for several times . Stephen had two brothers , John and Ladislaus . He had five sons and a daughter from unidentified wife . His name is mentioned by contemporary records since 1267 . He supported junior king Stephen at first , however later became a partisan of Béla IV of Hungary , as a result he lost his political influence when Stephen V ascended the throne in 1270 .   Following the coronation of Ladislaus IV , Stephen was appointed ispán of Bereg County in 1273 . He also became head of the Patak ispánate , a royal estate ( 1273 -- 1282 ) and master of the chariots ( szekérnagy maior plaustrorum ) , holding the latter office until 1275 . He served as ispán of Torna County in 1277 . The Szádvár Castle , centre of the county was donated by Ladislaus IV to the sons of Tekesh and later confirmed by Andrew III of Hungary . During that time Stephen held the title of `` perpetual count '' .   Stephen served as ban of Kucsó in 1279 . He functioned as voivode of Transylvania for a short time in 1280 . Perhaps he was a strong supporter of Finta Aba . Stephen built up a dominant power along with his brothers in North-East Hungary ( Torna and Sáros Counties ) .

neg: Körmendy Körmendy in the Hungarian language , due to its form and implied meaning , is understood to be a family name . Literally it means : a person or family of or originating or associated with the place called Körmend , now one of the smaller townships in Western Hungary , near the Austrian border .   It is evident in some public records that the same family name may have been spelled `` Körmendi '' as compared to `` Körmendy '' . It is generally understood in the Hungarian tradition that the use of the form `` Körmendy '' is an entitlement of some sort due to the formerly official title of nobility , received as granted in a traditional European meaning and process . The `` Körmendi '' name , form or usage , may mean in some cases , simply a spelling variation due to whatever reasons , but in some other cases `` Körmendi '' may be just an adopted name , not entitled to the `` Körmendy '' form of spelling .   There seem to exist many people in the world with these family names , however to this writer at this point it may be highly speculative to guess how many of these may be related at any distance , or whether there are one or more greater families covered by all these names . On the other hand , as an example , this writer has information of a document and public record granting the nobility title to a `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants ( and the same to a companion by a different name ) by `` King Ferdinánd I '' of Hungary , in the year 1549 . This above cited record also refers to an official transcript of another record of the same subject , originating in `` Szentmarja '' of Bács Vármegye , formerly part of the Hungarian Kingdom , ( now called Szabadka in Hungarian , and is now part of modern Serbia ) . This later transcript was sent to the Hungarian National Museum and is deposited under `` Aldányi Antal , LXI 1549 január 5 . ''   The above cited granting of nobility to said `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants is due to , according to the contents of the cited document ( s ) , a certain incident of his heroic behavior during the Hungarian defensive wars against the Turkish invaders . The said heroic act occurred in a battle at the Hungarian town Győr , rescuing some Christians from the Turks . Along with the title of nobility this `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants were granted the right to use a certain coat of arms , described in detail within the above said letter of grant of nobility ( nemeslevél in Hungarian ) .   These records at least provide a glimpse into the background and history connected with the name ( s ) Körmendy .

neg: List of Kings of Mide In medieval Ireland , the Kings of Mide were of the Clann Cholmáin , a branch of the Uí Néill . Several were High Kings of Ireland . After the collapse of the kingdom in the 12th century its dynasty , the Ua Mael Sechlainn or Ó Melaghlins , were forced west and settled on the east bank of the Shannon . Bearers of the name were still noted as among the Gaelic nobility until as late as the 1690s , though they had lost any real power long before .   The Kingdom of Mide itself seems to have existed as a kingdom ( though of varying sizes ) since at least the early historic era . Its name means `` middle '' , denoting the fact that it was situated in the very centre of Ireland in what is now County Westmeath , parts of north County Offaly , south County Longford and western County Meath . Its early kings may have been of the Dál Messin Corb - whose sept , the Uí Garrchon , were Kings of Leinster . However , from the late 400 's onwards they were driven away from their original homeland in modern County Kildare and over the Wicklow Mountains by the Ui Néill , whose sept , the Clann Cholmáin , took their place .

neg: FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname .   The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters .   The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children .   The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants :  George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson :  Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 )  Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 )  Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 )  Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 )  Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 )  Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 )  Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue )  Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 )  Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 )  Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 )  William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 )  Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 )  Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 )  Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 )  Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 )  Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 )    Category : House of Hanover  Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom  Category : William IV of the United Kingdom  Category : Norman-language surnames !

neg: Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex Richard de Clare ( after 1281 -- 10 May 1318 ) 1st Lord Clare was the son of Thomas de Clare , Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald .   A descendant of Strongbow , he succeeded his older brother , Gilbert , in 1308 as Lord of Thomond . In 1309 , and then again between 1312 and 1316 , he was sheriff of Cork . Forced to put down a number of rebellions , he was eventually killed while commanding his forces at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea near what is now Ennis , County Clare . According to legend , the day before his death , Richard de Clare beheld a woman dressed in white on the river 's edge washing bloody clothing and armor . When he asked whose clothes they were , she replied , `` yours , '' and then vanished . This woman was believed to be a banshee foretelling his death the next day when he lay dead with his clothes caked in blood on the battlefield of Dysert O'Dea ( Lewis Spence , The Magical Arts in Celtic Britain 81 ( 1999 ) ) .   Richard was succeeded by his son Thomas , who was born in 1318 and died three years later . A series of inquisitions post mortem that were held following a writ issued on 10 April 1321 established that Thomas ' heirs were his father 's sisters ; Margaret , the wife of Bartholomew de Badlesmere and Maud , the wife of Sir Robert de Welle . As well as stewardship of the Forest of Essex , Thomas ' estate included numerous properties in Ireland .

neg: Ó Siochfhradha brothers Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha ( 1883 -- 1964 ) and Mícheál Ó Siochfhradha ( 1900 -- 1986 ) , were brothers who were writers , teachers and Irish language storytellers , from County Kerry , Ireland .   Category : Sibling duos  Category :1883 births  Category :1900 births  Category :1964 deaths  Category :1986 deaths   ga :P ádraig Ó Siochfhradha

neg: The Sands Family This is about the family band . For coverage of solo careers of some band members , see Tommy Sands and Colum Sands  The Sands Family is a Northern Irish musical family band originating from Mayobridge , County Down , Northern Ireland . Their repertoire largely consists of their own compositions as well as traditional Irish songs . The band is considered one of the most influential folk groups . It showcases the famous Northern Irish folk singer-songwriter Tommy Sands as lead singer and songwriter and his brothers Ben Sands , Colum Sands and Eugene Sands and sister Anne Sands . Eugene was killed in a car accident in 1975 and the formation became a 4-member band . Tommy , Colum and Ben Sands have also successful solo careers as singers and musicians .   The Sands came from a very musical and artistic family . Their parents both came from families of singers , musicians and storytellers and encouraged a love of Irish culture and tradition in their seven children , Mary , the eldest , Hugh , Ben , Tommy , Colum , Eugene and Anne . Their father Mick Sands known to all as ` The Chief ' ) and six other uncles played the fiddle . Their mother Bridie Connolly , was an accordionist , and the daughter of the ` Burren poet ' , Owen Connolly , and her mother was related to the Brontë family .   The Sands family grew up in farm on the Ryan Road , a townland of Ryan , near Mayobridge . Their Céilidh house on the Ryan Road , in the foothills of the Mourne Mountains was a focal point for Catholic and Protestant neighbours from nearby farms to enjoy music and craic .   The Sands Family started public performing in local halls and pubs , then they won a ` Folk Group ' contest in `` Old Shieling Hotel '' in Raheny , Dublin . This led to booking in New York in early 1971 followed by further tours in the USA and Canada . They also performed a Saint Patrick 's Day concert appearance in Carnegie Hall . Their almost 4-decade touring career includes regular tours throughout continental Europe , especially Germany , as well as the UK and Ireland . One notable highlight was performing in Moscow 's Luzhniki ` Olympic ' Stadium . Since the early 2000s however , the Sands Family have restricted touring to an annual tour of Germany and Ireland .

neg: Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books .   The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide .   In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .

neg: McGhee family The McGhee family ( Scottish Gaelic : Clann Aoidh ) is an ancient lowland family of Scotland , established as Lords of Balmaghie in Galloway since the 10th century . Both the Clan Donald and the Clan Mackay claim it as a sept. . Historically , however , the Mackays are in fact an offshoot of this family rather than vice versa . Its ancient origins are uncertain , though it is believed to have been founded by an Irish chieftain in the 10th century . Its property in Kirkcudbrightshire was extended during the reign of the Stuarts . The family has always been self-consciously lowland and , almost uniquely among prominent Scottish families , remained entirely indifferent to the Clan system , as historians have noted :   `` With such a variety of spellings many held lands , bore personal arms and sometimes held important positions and yet none , other than the Chief of Mackay , has been recognised in the chiefship of the kindred . ''   Gilmighel Mac Ethe is first mentioned subscribing allegiance to King Edward I of England in the Ragman Rolls of 1296 . Neel McEth and Gillecryst McEth appear in another document of the same year as two of the Galloway men who , ` having aided John de Balliol late King of Scotland , in his war ... against the King of England ... confess their fault , come to his peace , and swear on the Saints to assist him against Balliol and all others ' . In 1297 , Edward thanked ` Gille Michel Mac Gethe ' and others for ` putting down evil-doers and retaking castles in their country ' . In 1304 , however , Michael Macgethe is listed as a juror at an ` Inquisition ' in Dumfries which asserted the rights of ` Robert de Brus earl of Carrick ' ( later Robert the Bruce ) against those of Edward I in Annandale . Gilbertum McGeth is given as the collector of customs in Kirkcudbright in an exchequer roll of 1331 , while in 1339 Michael Mcgeth was granted a pardon by Edward III after ` having joined his enemies in Scotland ' .   Balmaghie ( ` Ballem ` gethe ' ) was erected into a free barony in 1348 and Gilbert Macge ( also M'Gy ( 1370-1426 ) ) is recorded as ` dominus de Balmage ' in 1426 . The family acquired progressively more influence and importance , especially during the reign of the Stuarts - Sir John McGhie of Balmaghie was knighted by Charles II . Having won favour with and then spurned the Stuarts at the right times , the family was prominent in Scottish and London society by the eighteenth century . However , this was lost with the sale of its estates and a severe lack of male heirs ; by the early 18th century the families of Balmaghie , Airie and Airds , and Castlehill were practically extinct . John McGhie , last of Castlehill , had six daughters , the eldest of whom had six sons who all died childless . Because this decline occurred before the romantic revival of interest in the clans , the family never acquired its own tartan . McGhees may therefore choose to show allegiance to either the MacDonalds or the Mackays in their choice of tartan . The Balmaghie Estate itself , consisting of about 4000 acre of agricultural and sporting land ( best known for its roe deer stalking ) is now owned by the Bond family .   The coat of arms of the Balmaghie McGhees is given as `` sable , three leopards ' heads erased argent . '' Its motto is `` Quae Sursum Volo '' ( `` I desire heavenly things '' ) . Early records of the arms show some variation , however :   Ceulx de Maligny - Azure , three lions ' faces or . ~ Armorial de Berry , 1440s   Maogee of Balmagy - Sable , three human faces Argent tongues extended Gules . ~ Slains Armorial , 1565   Macgie of Balmagie - Sable , three leopards ' heads erased affronte argent , langued gules . ~ Hague Roll , 1590s   Mcgie - Sable , three Leopard heads erased Argent . ~ Sir George Mackenzie 's The Science of Herauldrie , 1680   MacGie - Sable , three leopards ' heads Argent . ~ Nisbet 's A System of Heraldry , 1722   MacGie of Balmaghie - Sable , three leopards ' heads Or . ~ Nisbet 's A System of Heraldry , 1722   Magee -LSB- Ireland -RSB- - Crest , a lion , sejant , collared . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   Macgee - Gules , three martlets Or . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGee , or McGhee -LSB- West India -RSB- - Sable , a fesse between three leopards ' faces Argent . Motto , `` Fac et Spera '' . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   MacGhie -LSB- Balmagie , Scotland -RSB- - Sable , three leopards ' heads Or . ( Another , Argent ) . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGhie -LSB- England -RSB- - Sable , a fesse between three leopards ' faces Argent . Crest : an ostrich Argent , in the beak a horse-shoe Azure . ~ Robson 's '' The British Herald ' , 1830   MacGie - Azure , three leopards ' heads erased , Argent . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGie - Sable , a mullet arranged between three leopards ' heads , erased guardant Or . Crest : a leopard 's head , erased guardant Or , ducally gorged Gules . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   The other prominent Galloway branches of the family were those of Airds and Castlehill . The name was also commonly interchangeable with Mackie and Mackay in Wigtownshire and Kintyre , and a branch of the family controlled the Rhinns of Islay for several centuries . Alexander M'Ghie inherited the Lairdship of Atrochie in Aberdeenshire from his father Hugo .   McGhee and its variants ( e.g. McGee , McGie , McGhie , Magee , M'Gie etc. ) is also a common surname in Ireland . Persons bearing this name are almost certainly inter-related , given the volume of migration across the Irish Sea , in both directions , particularly during the Galloglass and Plantation years . While both Catholic and Protestant McGhees can be found , the Balmaghie family were Presbyterian and the family 's most notable churchmen were low Anglicans , as in the case of Archbishop Magee of Dublin and Archbishop Magee of York . The Revd Nathaniel McKie , a younger son of Balmaghie , was an eccentric and witty minister of Crossmichael who wrote the humorous self-parodying song `` Nae dominies for me , laddie , '' about a young minister spurned by a young lady for a man with finer livery . A prominent exception is the current Bishop of Cloyne , a Traditionalist Catholic who was falsely accused of murdering Pope John Paul I. Odo MacIdh was Canon of Argyll in 1433 .   The only peer with the surname is The Hon. Lord McGhie , Chairman of the Scottish Land Court and President of the Lands Tribunal for Scotland . Knights with this name include Sir John McGhie of Balmaghie ( knighted by Charles II ) , and Sir Ian Magee ( knighted by Elizabeth II ) . Robert Makgye was Court Jester to James II from 1441-50 .

neg: Mircea I of Wallachia Mircea the Elder ( Mircea cel Bătrân , -LSB- ˈmirt͡ʃe̯a t͡ʃel bəˈtrɨn -RSB- , d. 31 January 1418 ) was Prince of Wallachia from 1386 until his death . The byname `` elder '' was given to him after his death in order to distinguish him from his grandson Mircea II ( `` Mircea the Younger '' ) . Starting in the 19th century , Romanian historiography has also referred to him as Mircea the Great ( Mircea cel Mare ) .

neg: Ferdiad Ferdiad ( -LSB- ˈfʲerðiað -RSB- ; also Fer Diad , Ferdia , Fear Diadh ) , son of Damán , son of Dáire , of the Fir Domnann , is a warrior of Connacht in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology . In the Táin Bó Cúailnge , Ferdiad finds himself on opposite sides to his best friend and foster-brother Cúchulainn , with whom he had trained in arms under the renowned warrior woman Scáthach . He and Cúchulainn are equal in all martial feats , with two exceptions : the Gáe Bulg , a barbed spear which Scáthach has taught only Cúchulainn to use ; and Ferdiad 's horny skin , which no weapon can pierce .   When Ailill and Medb , king and queen of Connacht , invade Ulster to steal the bull Donn Cúailnge , their progress is held up by Cúchulainn , who demands single combat . After Cúchulainn has defeated a series of Connacht champions , Medb sends for Ferdiad , but he only agrees to fight Cúchulainn after Findabair , Ailill and Medb 's daughter , has seductively plied him with alcohol , and Medb has variously bribed , shamed and goaded him to do so . They fight in the ford for three days , first fighting with 8 swords , darts , and spears , then fighting with `` throwing-spears '' and lances , and finally moving on to `` heavy , hard-smiting swords . '' It is on the third day that Ferdiad starts to gain the upper hand . At this point , Cúchulainn calls to his charioteer , Laeg , for the Gáe Bolga , which he floats down the river to him . Cúchulainn throws a light spear at Ferdiad 's chest , causing him to raise his shield , and then picks up the Gáe Bolga between his toes and thrusts it through his anus upon which the barbs spread throughout his body , killing him . The Gáe Bolga is then removed from Ferdiad 's body by Laeg , and Cúchulainn mourns Ferdiad 's death , praising his strength and bravery :   `` Ah , Ferdiad , betrayed to death . ''  `` Our last meeting , oh , how sad ! ''  `` Thou to die I to remain . ''  `` Ever sad our long farewell ! ''   The ford where he died is named Áth Fhirdiad ( Ferdiad 's ford , modern Baile Átha Fhirdhia or Ardee , County Louth ) after him .   Scholars believe that the fight between Cuchulainn and Ferdiad is a late addition to the Táin , originating not earlier than the eleventh century and drawing on earlier episodes in the story . Ferdiad means `` man/warrior of the pair '' ( Diad related to dïas , `` two persons '' ) . But can also be read as `` Fear '' ( man ) `` dia '' ( god ) , as opposed to Cúchulainn 's position as a literal god-man ( being a demigod , his father the chief god Lugh ) .

neg: Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century .   The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again .   On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain .   Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated .   One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .

neg: Edelfrei The term edelfrei or hochfrei ( `` free noble '' or `` free knight '' ) was originally used to describe those German noblemen who were distinguished from other free knights by the payment of three times their weregild .  Such knights were known as Edelfreie or Edelinge . In the Holy Roman Empire , the higher nobility ( Hohe Adel ) emerged from the Edelfreie during the course of the 12th century , in contrast to the so-called ministeriales , most of whom were originally unfree knights or Dienstadel .   In the Middle Ages edelfrei or hochfrei meant , in simple terms , that someone was a member of an ancient , dynastic aristocratic line . Free noble families were independent of legal obligations of a secondary nature , and they were not subordinated to any other families or dynasties , apart from the king or emperor . The modern concept of aristocracy ( Uradel ) must not be confused with the term edelfrei , since the former term 's scope is much broader : all families that can prove they belonged to the knightly aristocracy by no later than around 1400 ( whether originally edelfrei or ministeriales ) are counted today as Uradel , i.e. , the aristocracy .   Many edelfrei families submitted themselves during the course of the Middle Ages to more powerful feudal lords ; these families are commonly referred to in the literature as `` originally edelfrei '' . This submission did not always happen under duress . Many vassals attained high positions in the courts of their lords , and vassal service was often very lucrative . Especially at the time of territorial expansion and the emergence of a monetary economy , many Edelfreie were dependent on the protection and support of a powerful secular or ecclesiastical lord . And vice versa : a dependent relationship existed , in that larger territories could only be secured and managed with the aid of loyal vassals .   The number of edelfreie families was limited . A new social order , the ministeriales now arose rapidly . These officials , who were mostly unfree in their origins , managed within a century to elevate themselves to the lesser nobility . The differences between ministeriales and the old aristocratic families began increasingly to blur . For many aristocratic families that were originally edelfrei there is therefore no reliable evidence of their dynastic origins .

neg: Le dís cuirthear clú Laighean `` Le dís cuirthear clú Laighean '' is a poem found only in the Tinnakill Duanaire on folio 34r . It was composed for the brothers Aodh Buidhe Mac Domhnaill and Alasdar of Tinnakill , Queen 's County , by Muircheartach Ó Cobhthaigh . It dates from about 1570 .   In the poem , Ó Cobhthaigh refers to the brothers as heroes and Gallowglass leaders . Aodh Buidhe is accorded the most attention , while his wife Máire Ní Mhórdha is the subject of three additional quatrains .   Neither brother is referred to as Mac Domhnaill ( i.e. , the head of the clan ) , and Raghallaigh suggests it may have a bearing on a possible dispute between Aodh Buidhe and Alasdar for the chieftainship . While Aodh Buidhe is given laudatory praise , Alasdar is portrayed as a ` fearsome warrior ' who is nevertheless subordinate to his brother . Nevertheless , Alasdar succeeded on the death of their father , An Calbach , in 1570 . He held the position till his death in 1577 , following which Aodh Buidhe succeeded him .

neg: Cabra Castle Cabra Castle is the name given to two castles , one now ruined , the other now used as an impressive luxury hotel . They are near the hamlet of Cabra , which is very near Kingscourt ( Irish : Dún a ' Rí ) in south-east County Cavan , Ireland .   The current Cabra Castle ( located just off the R179 , known locally as the Carrickmacross Road ) was constructed in a mixture of the `` neo-Norman-style '' and the `` Gothick-style '' in the first decade of the 19th-century . Much of the exterior is in a form of what might be described as the `` neo-Norman-style '' , while the interior is mainly `` Gothick '' ( as opposed to the later neo-Gothic styles ) . This structure was originally called Cormey ( or Cormy ) Castle , after the local townland where it was built . It was constructed for the Foster family , a local `` Ascendancy '' family . However , the cost of building the new country house effectively bankrupted the Foster family . So , in 1813 , shortly after the new Cormey Castle had been completed , the Fosters sold their new country house to their much wealthier neighbours , the Pratt dynasty , who were another local ` Ascendancy ' family .   The aristocratic Pratt family lived just across the Carrickmacross Road at the original Cabra House ( also sometimes known as Cabra Castle ) on the Cabra Estate , the family 's huge country estate . The Pratt family had owned the Cabra Estate since 1699 . In 1813 , Colonel Joseph Pratt added the new Cormey Castle and much of the Fosters ' Cormey Estate to his own Cabra Estate . Cormey Castle replaced the original Cabra House as the chief `` seat '' of the Pratt dynasty in County Cavan . Around 1820 , the Pratt family renamed Cormey Castle as Cabra Castle , the name it retains to this day .   The ruins of the original Cabra House , or Cabra Castle , can be seen on a slight height near the Wishing Well in what is now Dún a ' Rí Forest Park , formerly part of the Cabra Estate . The forest park is now owned by Coillte , the Irish Government 's forestry company .   Major Mervyn Pratt owned Cabra Castle and the Cabra Estate from 1927 until his death in December 1950 . The Major , however , mainly lived at Enniscoe , another country estate that the Pratt family had owned since the 1860s near Crossmolina in County Mayo . He was succeeded by his nephew , Tan Sri Dr. Mervyn Sheppard , a long-serving civil servant with the British Colonial Service in Malaya , who was the last member of the Pratt dynasty to own Cabra Castle . Due to the mounting costs of running the castle and running what remained of the Cabra Estate , he sold the country house to a local Catholic family , the Brennans , in 1964 . The Brennan family turned the castle into a hotel , which it remained up until they sold it in 1986 to a Mr. Mansour , a senior politician and businessman from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in the U.A.E. Mansour closed the hotel with the intention of turning Cabra Castle back into a private country house once more . However , he never actually got round to restoring the castle as a private residence or restoring it to its former glory .   In 1991 , Mansour sold Cabra Castle to the Corscadden family , who run a number of hotels . They restored the castle and turned it into a luxury four-star hotel , reopening it as such in the early 1990s . It continues to be owned by the Corscadden family , and the castle remains a luxury hotel . The castle is very close to County Cavan 's border with both County Monaghan and , in particular , County Meath . About a hundred acres of land now makes up the surrounding demesne ( or park ) of Cabra Castle .

neg: Lewis Carroll: A Biography Lewis Carroll : A Biography is a 1995 biography of author Lewis Carroll by Morton N. Cohen , first published by Knopf , later by Macmillan . It is generally considered to be the definitive scholarly work on Carroll 's ( real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) life . Cohen 's approach is mainly chronological , with some chapters grouped by theme , such as those on Carroll 's religion , his love of little girls , and his guilty feelings . Cohen , a Carroll scholar for 30 years , opts to use Dodgson 's first name , Charles , throughout the work , because it `` seems most appropriate in a book dealing with the intimacy of his life '' .   The book generally assumes that Carroll 's love of little girls was not just emotional but sexual -- that he was a paedophile , albeit a suppressed one . In the book Cohen writes :  `` We can not know to what extent sexual urges lay behind Charles 's preference for drawing and photographing children in the nude . He contended that the preference was entirely aesthetic . But given his emotional attachment to children as well as his aesthetic appreciation of their forms , his assertion that his interest was strictly artistic is naïve . He probably felt more than he dared acknowledge , even to himself . ''  While attributing the source of Carroll 's chaotic emotional life to his sexual urges , Cohen opined that they were also responsible for his creative works .   Karoline Leach in In the Shadow of the Dreamchild ( 1999 ) writes that Cohen and previous biographers misunderstood the norms and customs of the Victorian era , and that Carroll 's adulation of children was not sexual but a reflection of the romanticisation of the child prevalent in that era . Contrariwise , a website set up by opponents ( including Leach ) of the tradition Carroll image , reports that while Cohen acknowledges the paedophilic nature of Carroll 's image , he `` Inexplicably he lists the numbers of intimate woman-friends that Dodgson had through his life , yet still concludes that his existence revolved exclusively around friendships with small girls ! ''   Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone in The Alice Companion : A Guide to Lewis Carroll 's Alice Books ( 1998 ) criticises the book for what they say is a poor treatment of Carroll 's involvement in controversies at the University of Oxford . Megan Harlan in Entertainment Weekly writes that `` This beautifully written bio never shies away from the house-of-mirrors complexity of its subject . '' An issue of Victorian Studies reported that there were issues with inconsistent references . Miles Edward Friend compares Cohen 's handling of the material to Carroll 's boat trips with the children , saying , `` With Cohen at the tiller , we are deftly guided through the flow of Carroll 's life . '' Ronald Warwick in Times Higher Education criticises Cohen 's interpretation of Carroll 's relationship with his archdeacon father ; his `` insecure grasp of 19th-century ecclesiastical history '' ; his prose , which Warwich called cliched ; and his choice to use Dodgson 's first name , which Warwick said was not used even by Dodgson 's most intimate male friends .

neg: Cináed mac Conaing Cináed mac Conaing ( died 851 ) was King of Knowth in the medieval Irish province of Mide , succeeding his father Conaing mac Flainn in 849 .   Cináed 's family belonged to the Knowth , or Uí Chonaing , branch of the Síl nÁedo Sláine , part of the southern branch of the dominant Uí Néill kin group . The leadership of the southern branch rested with the rival Clann Cholmáin whose chief , Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid , was High King of Ireland . Even within the Síl nÁedo Sláine , Cináed and his kin had a rival in the shape of Tigernach mac Fócartai , king of Lagore .   In 850 Cináed allied himself with the Viking armies in the Irish midlands . He and his allies , say the Annals of Ulster , `` plundered -LSB- the southern -RSB- Uí Néill from the Shannon to the sea '' burning churches and settlements . This is portrayed as a rebellion against Máel Sechnaill , but the target may well have been Cináed 's local rival Tigernach whose crannog in Loch Gabhair was burned , along with the nearby church at Trevet .   The following year , the Irish annals record , Cináed was treacherously executed by being drowned by Máel Sechnaill and Tigernach , presumably at a conference as the annals add that this was `` in spite of the guarantees of the nobles of Ireland , and the successor of Patrick -LSB- i.e. the abbot of Armagh -RSB- in particular '' .   Cináed was succeeded by his brother Flann . According to saga material embedded in the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland , the Viking king Amlaíb was married to a daughter of Cináed , and killed his brother Auisle in an argument over her . Whether this wife existed , and if she did , whether she was the daughter of this Cináed , or of the king of the Picts Cináed mac Ailpín , or of some other Cináed , is unclear .

neg: Fogarty Fogarty is a surname of Irish origin . The name Fogarty in Ireland is derived from the native Gaelic O'Fogaratigh Sept who were located in County Tipperary where the name is still very prevalent to this very day .   The barony of Eliogarty that still exists was named after them . This name , with variant spellings ( o ) Fogerty , Foggarty , Fogaty , Gogarty and Go ( g ) erty , is an Anglicized form of the old Gaelic `` O Fogartaigh '' . The Gaelic prefix `` o '' indicates `` male descendant of '' , plus the personal byname `` Fogartach '' meaning `` banished '' or `` exiled '' . The Fogartys are of the ancient population group , Dal gCais , otherwise known as the Dalcassians , who inhabited county Clare with adjacent parts of counties Limerick and Tipperary . Eliogarty , the name of a barony in Co. . Tipperary , locates the sept , and indicates their importance . The majority of present-day namebearers are found in county Tipperary and Malachy O ' Fogarty , of the University of Paris , who flourished in 1700 , was born at Castle Fogarty in that county . Another notable namebearer was Archbishop Fogarty ( 1858 - 1955 ) , who for fifty-one years was Bishop of Killaloe . A Coat of Arms granted to the family depicts two gold lions rampant on a blue shield supporting a gold sheaf of corn , the latter denoting plenty and the Harvest of One 's Hopes . The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of O ' Fogarty , King of Ely , County Tipperary , which was dated 1072 , `` The Annals of Ulster '' , during the reign of High King of Ireland , `` with opposition '' , 1022 - 1166 .   Notable people with the surname include :