query: Emily Blunt has yet to ever receive an award.

pos: Emily Blunt Emily Olivia Leah Blunt ( born 23 February 1983 ) is a British film and stage actress . Blunt made her professional debut in a 2001 London production of the play The Royal Family . Two years later , she appeared on screen for the first time in the 2003 television film Boudica ( Warrior Queen ) . Her performance in the 2004 drama film My Summer of Love garnered her the Evening Standard British Film Award for Most Promising Newcomer .   For her performance in the TV film Gideon 's Daughter ( 2006 ) she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture and a nomination for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for The Devil Wears Prada .   In 2009 , Blunt received the BAFTA Britannia Award for British Artist of the Year . She received more acclaim for portraying Queen Victoria in The Young Victoria ( 2009 ) , receiving a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . 2009 also saw Blunt appear in the crime caper comedy Wild Target with Bill Nighy and Rupert Grint . She found commercial success for roles in the romantic science-fiction thriller The Adjustment Bureau ( 2011 ) , the science-fiction action thriller Looper ( 2012 ) , and the science-fiction military film Edge of Tomorrow ( 2014 ) .   Blunt received her fourth and fifth Golden Globe Award nominations for her roles in the romantic comedy-drama Salmon Fishing in the Yemen ( 2012 ) and the musical fantasy Into the Woods ( 2014 ) in the Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical category . In 2016 , Blunt starred in the fantasy-action film The Huntsman : Winter 's War and The Girl on the Train , the latter based on the international best-selling novel of the same name , and a performance that earned her nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role .

neg: List of film awards This is a list of groups , organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema , usually by awarding various prizes . The awards sometimes also have popular unofficial names ( such as the ` Oscar ' for Hollywood 's Academy Awards ) , which are mentioned if applicable . Many awards are simply identified by the name of the group presenting the award .   Awards have been divided into four major categories : Critics ' Awards , voted on ( usually annually ) by a group of critics ; Festival Awards , awards presented to the best film shown in a particular film festival ; Industry Awards , which are selected by professionals working in some branch of the movie industry ; and Audience Awards , which are voted by the general public .

neg: Dwarf Stars Award The Dwarf Stars Award is an annual award presented by the Science Fiction Poetry Association to the author of the best horror , fantasy , or science fiction poem of ten lines or fewer published in the previous year . The award was established in 2006 as a counterpoint to the Rhysling Award , which is given by the same organization to horror , fantasy , or science fiction poems of any length . Poems are submitted to the association by the poets , from which approximately 30 are chosen by an editor to be published in an anthology each fall . Members of the association then vote on the published poems , and first through third-place winners are announced . The 2006 anthology was edited by Deborah P. Kolodji , and subsequent anthologies have been edited by an array of editors , including Kolodji , Stephen M. Wilson , Joshua Gage , Geoffrey A. Landis , Linda D. Addison , Sandra J. Lindow , John Amen , Jeannine Hall Gailey , and Lesley Wheeler .   During the 11 nomination years , 35 poems by 25 poets have been selected as third place or better , including one three-way tie for second place in 2016 , of which 11 poets have won outright . Jane Yolen has been noted four times , a first and a third place and two second-place results ; Deborah P. Kolodji and Julie Bloss Kelsey have each received a first and a second place ; Greg Beatty a first and a third place ; Sonya Taaffe has received two second-place results ; and Ann K. Schwader has received two third-place results .

neg: AACTA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Television Screen Craft The AACTA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Television Screen Craft is a special discretionary award , presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) for achievements in television screen crafts , in fields excluding acting , direction , producing and screenwriting . The award was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , from 2006 to 2010 , at the Australian Film Institute Awards ( known commonly as the AFI Awards ) .   In the following tables , from 2000-2006 winners are listed first , in boldface and highlighted in gold ; those listed below the winner that are not in boldface or highlighted are the nominees ; from 2007 , onwards , the award was presented as a special award .

neg: Jessica Chastain Jessica Michelle Chastain ( born March 24 , 1977 ) is an American actress and film producer . Born in Carmichael , California , and raised in Sacramento , Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age . In 1998 , she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare 's Juliet . After studying acting at the Juilliard School , she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells . She was a recurring guest star in several television shows , including Law & Order : Trial by Jury . She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov 's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde 's tragedy Salome in 2006 .   Chastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene ( 2008 ) , and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films , including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life . Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her an Academy Award nomination . In 2012 , she won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination for playing a CIA agent in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty . Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year . Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar ( 2014 ) and The Martian ( 2015 ) , as she continued to draw praise for her performances in the dramas The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby ( 2013 ) , A Most Violent Year ( 2014 ) , and Miss Sloane ( 2016 ) .   Chastain 's accolades include two Academy Award and British Academy Film Award nominations . She is known to prepare extensively for her roles . Chastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films , which was created to promote diversity in film . She is vocal about social issues such as gender and racial equality , and mental health . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only .   The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance , Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if it is an instrumental solo performance ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances .

neg: Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture .   This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were :   1988 Sir Peter Hall  1989 Dame Ninette de Valois  1990 Sir Michael Tippett  1991 Sir David Lean  1992 Sir John Mills  1993 Sir Peter Ustinov  1994 Sir John Drummond  1995 Sir Peter Wright  1996 Sir Richard Eyre  1997 Dame Judi Dench  1998 Sir Edward Downes  1999 Harold Pinter  2000 Dame Alicia Markova  2001 Paul Scofield  2002 Sir Alfred Brendel  2003 Sir Ian McKellen  2004 Mike Leigh  2005 Alan Bennett  2006 Dame Helen Mirren  2007 Sir Tom Stoppard  2008 Peter Brook  2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn  2010 Ken Loach  2011 Stephen Sondheim  2013 Grayson Perry  2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner  2015 Dame Maggie Smith   Category : Performing arts awards

neg: George Peabody Medal The George Peabody Medal , named in honour of George Peabody , is the highest honour bestowed by the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University . The award , established in 1980 , honours individuals who have made exceptional contributions to music in America .

neg: Emily Dickinson International Society The Emily Dickinson International Society ( EDIS ) is an international organisation relating to American poet Emily Dickinson ( 1830 -- 1886 ) . It was founded in 1988 and its aim is to `` Promote , perpetuate and enhance the study and appreciation of Emily Dickinson worldwide '' .   The society publishes The Emily Dickinson Journal ( ISSN 1059-6879 ) twice yearly and , for members , The Emily Dickinson International Society Bulletin ( ISSN 1055-3932 ) . It holds an Annual Meeting and `` EDIS Institute '' meetings . Every two or three years it holds an International Conference . These have taken place in the USA ( 1992 ) , Austria ( 1995 ) , USA ( 1998 ) , Norway ( 2001 ) , Hawaii ( 2004 ) , Japan ( 2007 ) , England ( 2010 ) and the 2014 event is planned for the USA .   The society is affiliated to the American Literature Association ( ALA ) , `` a Coalition of Societies Devoted to the Study of American Authors '' and is sponsoring two sessions at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference .   An Emily Dickinson Society had been formed in Japan in 1980 , eight years before the foundation of EDIS .

neg: The DVF Awards The DVF Awards , supported by The Diller-von Furstenberg Family Foundation , are given annually to provide recipients with the exposure and resources necessary to extend their efforts on behalf of women all over the world . The DVF Awards were conceived by Diane von Furstenberg in 2010 with the goal of honoring women who have displayed leadership , strength , and courage in their commitment to their causes . Every year , each Honoree receives a $ 50,000 grant from the Foundation to further their work . The inaugural DVF Awards were presented on March 13 , 2010 at a ceremony hosted by Diane von Fürstenberg and Tina Brown at the United Nations on the closing night of The Women in the World Summit .  Each year , two DVF Awards are given to women within The Vital Voices Global Partnership . In addition , the Inspiration Award is given to a woman who has demonstrated strength and courage in the face of adversity , and is using her experience and influence to effect positive change . The People 's Voice Award is also given annually to a woman chosen from a field of nominees selected by The DVF Awards Board of Advisors and voted on by the public at DVFAwards.com . The Lifetime Leadership Award honors an individual who has dedicated her life and body of work to instilling in other women the courage to fight , the power to survive and the leadership to inspire . Past recipients include Gloria Steinem , Ingrid Betancourt , Hillary Clinton , Oprah Winfrey and Robin Roberts .   Presenters at The DVF Awards have included Meryl Streep , Iman , Olivia Wilde , Jessica Alba , Deborah Winger , Gabby Douglas , and Chelsea Clinton .   2017 Honorees   The International Award : Yoani Sánchez , 14ymedio   The International Award : Baljeet Sandhu , Migrant & Refugee Children 's Legal Unit ( MiCLU )   The People 's Voice Award : Louise Dubé , iCivics   The Inspiration Award : Karlie Kloss , Kode With Klossy   The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Jane Goodall , The Jane Goodall Institute ( JGI )   2016 Honorees   The International Award : Maria Pacheco , Wakami   The International Award : Agnes Igoye , Huts for Peace   The People 's Voice Award : Emily Greener , I AM THAT GIRL   The Inspiration Award : Sarah Jones , Girls Educational and Mentoring Services ' , The Legal Aid Society and Sanctuary for Families   The Lifetime Leadership Award : Dr. Martine Rothblatt , Los Angeles LGBT Center and The Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice   2015 Honorees   The International Award : Adimaimalaga Tafuna'I , Women In Business   The International Award : Samar Minallah Khan , Ethnomedia   The People 's Voice Award : Becky Straw and Jody Landers , The Adventure Project   The Inspiration Award : Gabrielle Giffords , Americans for Responsible Solutions   The Lifetime Leadership Award : Melanne Verveer , The Georgetown Institute for Women , Peace and Security at Georgetown University   2014 Honorees   The DVF Award : Kah Walla , STRATEGIES !   The DVF Award : Liron Peleg-Hadomi & Noha Khatieb   The People 's Voice Award : Veronika Scott , The Empowerment Plan   The Inspiration Award : Alicia Keys , Keep a Child Alive   The Lifetime Leadership Award : Gloria Steinem , Equality Now and Donor Direct Action   2013 Honorees   The DVF Award : Sunitha Krishnan , Prajwala  The DVF Award : Andeisha Farid , Afghan Child Education and Caring Organization ( AFCECO ) .  The People 's Voice Award : Tammy Tibbetts , She 's the First  The Inspiration Award : Natalia Vodianova , Naked Heart Foundation  The Lifetime Leadership Award : Robin Roberts , Be the Match   2012 Honorees  The DVF Award : Panmela Castro , Rede Nami  The DVF Award : Chouchou Namegabe , South Kivu 's Association of Women Journalists  The People 's Voice Award : Layli Miller-Muro , Tahirih Justice Center  The Inspiration Award : Jaycee Dugard , The JAYC Foundation  The Lifetime Leadership Award : Oprah Winfrey , The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy Foundation   2011 Honorees  The DVF Award : Sohini Chakraborty , Kolkata Sanved  The DVF Award : Kakenya Ntaiya , Kakenya Center for Excellence  The People 's Voice Award : Taryn Davis , The American Widow Project  The Inspiration Award : Elizabeth Smart , Elizabeth Smart Foundation  The Lifetime Leadership Award : Secretary of State Hillary Clinton   2010 Honorees  The DVF Award : Danielle Saint-Lot , Femmes en Démocratie  The DVF Award : Sadiqa Basiri Saleem , The Oruj Learning Center  The People 's Voice Award : Katherine Chon , The Polaris Project  The Lifetime Leadership Award : Ingrid Betancourt , The Ingrid Betancourt Foundation

neg: Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects The Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Visual Effects is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association . It was first given out in 2009 .

neg: AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role .   It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) .   Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Angelina Jolie The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress and filmmaker Angelina Jolie . She received three Golden Globe Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayals of First Lady of Alabama Cornelia Wallace in George Wallace ( 1997 ) , troubled supermodel Gia Carangi in Gia ( 1998 ) , and a sociopathic mental patient in Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) . Her later performances as Mariane Pearl in A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) and Christine Collins in Changeling ( 2008 ) earned her additional nominations , including for an Academy Award for Best Actress . For her work in the action films Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , Mr. and Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , and The Tourist ( 2010 ) , Jolie received awards based on popular votes , including an MTV Movie Award , two People 's Choice Awards , and four Teen Choice Awards .

neg: Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film The Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film ( French : Magritte du meilleur premier film ) is an award presented annually by the Académie André Delvaux . It is one of the Magritte Awards , which were established to recognize excellence in Belgian cinematic achievements .   It was introduced in 2013 as an audience award . However , its first winner Dead Man Talking was announced during the 66th Cannes Film Festival , three months later the 3rd Magritte Awards ceremony . In 2016 , the Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film became a merit category . As of the 2017 ceremony , Keeper is the most recent winner in this category .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards .   Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist .   It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . ''   The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist .   Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 .   Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year .   1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .

neg: Agatha Christie Award (Japan) The is a Japanese literary award established in 2010 in commemoration of the 120th anniversary of Agatha Christie 's birth . The award is presented by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation in association with the Agatha Christie Society , which is chaired by Mathew Pritchard , the grandson of Agatha Christie .   It is the literary award for unpublished mystery novels . The winning work , which is selected from more than 100 entries , is published by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation and the winner receives a prize of 1,000,000 yen .

neg: Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson .   The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .


query: North Korea is bordered by a nation with a population of 1.381 billion.

pos: China China , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world 's most populous country , with a population of over 1.381 billion . Covering approximately 9.6 e6km2 , China is the world 's second-largest state by land area and third - or fourth-largest by total area . Governed by the Communist Party of China , it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai and Chongqing ) and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau , also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan . China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower .   China emerged as one of the world 's earliest civilizations in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the legendary Xia dynasty . Since 221 , when the Qin dynasty conquered the other largest six states to form the first unified Chinese empire , China has then expanded , fractured and re-unified numerous times in the following millennia . In 1912 , the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949 , when it was defeated by the communist People 's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War . The Communist Party established the People 's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949 , while the ROC government relocated to Taiwan with its present de facto temporary capital in Taipei . Both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China , though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory .   China has had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two thousand years , during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline . Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978 , China has become one of the world 's fastest-growing major economies . , it is the world 's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . China is also the world 's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods . China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world 's largest standing army and second-largest defense budget . The PRC is a member of the United Nations , as it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council in 1971 . China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations , including the WTO , APEC , BRICS , the Shanghai Cooperation Organization ( SCO ) , the BCIM and the G-20 .

pos: North Korea North Korea , officially the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula .  Pyongyang is the nation 's capital and largest city . To the north and northwest the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok ( known as the Yalu in China ) and Tumen rivers ; it is bordered to the south by South Korea , with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) separating the two .   In 1910 , Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan . After the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in 1945 , Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel by the United States and the Soviet Union , with the north occupied by the Soviets and the south by the Americans . Negotiations on reunification failed , and in 1948 , separate governments were formed : the socialist Democratic People 's Republic of Korea in the north , and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south . An invasion initiated by North Korea led to the Korean War ( 1950 -- 1953 ) . The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire , but no peace treaty was signed .   North Korea officially describes itself as a self-reliant socialist state and formally holds elections . Critics regard it as a totalitarian dictatorship . Various media outlets have called it Stalinist , particularly noting the elaborate cult of personality around Kim Il-sung and his family . International organizations have assessed that human rights violations in North Korea have no parallel in the contemporary world . The Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) , led by a member of the ruling family , holds power in the state and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland of which all political officers are required to be members .   Juche , an ideology of national self-reliance , was introduced into the constitution as a `` creative application of Marxism -- Leninism '' in 1972 . The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms . Most services such as healthcare , education , housing and food production are subsidized or state-funded . From 1994 to 1998 , North Korea suffered a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 3.5 million people , and the country continues to struggle with food production . North Korea follows Songun , or `` military-first '' policy . It is the country with the highest number of military and paramilitary personnel , with a total of 9,495,000 active , reserve , and paramilitary personnel . Its active duty army of 1.21 million is the fourth largest in the world , after China , the United States , and India . It possesses nuclear weapons . North Korea is an atheist state with no official religion and where public religion is discouraged .

neg: Goguryeo Goguryeo ( ; -LSB- ko.ɡu.ɾjʌ -RSB- , 37 BCE -- 668 CE ) , originally named Goryeo ( ; -LSB- ko.ɾjʌ -RSB- ) , was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of inner and outer Manchuria . Goguryeo was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan .   The Samguk Sagi , a 12th-century text from Goryeo , indicates that Goguryeo was founded in 37 BCE by Jumong , a prince from Buyeo , who was enthroned as Dongmyeong . There is archaeological and textual evidence from Chinese geographic monographs that suggests that Goguryeo may have been in existence since the second century BCE around the fall of Gojoseon , an earlier kingdom which also occupied southern Manchuria and the northern Korean Peninsula .   Goguryeo was a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia , until it was defeated by a Silla -- Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife caused by the death of Yeon Gaesomun . After its fall , its territory was divided among the states of Later Silla , Balhae and Tang China .   The name Goryeo , a shortened form of Goguryeo , was adopted as the official name in the 5th century , and is the origin of the English name `` Korea '' .

neg: Yon Hyong-muk Yon Hyong-muk , also spelt as Yong Hyong-muk ( November 3 , 1931 -- October 23 , 2005 ) was a long-serving politician in North Korea and at the height of his career the most powerful person in that country outside the Kim family . He was Prime Minister of North Korea from 1988 to 1992 .   He was born in Kyongwon County and had a strong revolutionary background in his family . He was educated locally and employed as a farm worker . Yon was educated in Czechoslovakia and by the 1950s , he was firmly established within the hierarchy of the Workers ' Party of Korea . In 1967 he was selected as a deputy to the Supreme People 's Assembly .   During the 1970s , Yon further advanced in the Party and by the middle 1980s he was regarded as the fourth most powerful person in North Korea after Kim Il-sung , Kim Jong-il , and veteran marshal and defence minister O Chin-u . He was a candidate member of the Politburo from the early 1980s and became Prime Minister of North Korea in 1989 . During this era , Yon served as Minister of Heavy Industry and this consolidated his role in the North 's large armaments sector .   In this period , as Kim Il-sung and O Chin-u were both already past eighty , Yon took an important role in relations between North and South Korea . He worked hard in this field as Prime Minister and was regarded as the chief negotiator behind the Agreement on Reconciliation , Non-aggression and Exchanges and Cooperation between the South and the North ( also known as the `` South-North Basic Agreement '' ) of 1991 . At the time he called it `` the most valuable achievement ever made between the South and North Korean authorities . '' For the rest of the 1990s , Yon was the chief figure behind efforts to reconcile the two Koreas . However , by the 2000s , Yon was declining in health and his role in North Korean politics had become largely ceremonial by the time he died - presumably of pancreatic cancer for which he had received treatment in Russia in 2004 at the well protected Central Clinical Hospital . He died in 2005 .

neg: North Korea–Russia border The border between Russia and North Korea , according to the official Russian definition , consists of 17 km of `` terrestrial border '' and 22.1 km ( 12 nautical miles ) of `` maritime border '' . It is the shortest of the international borders of Russia .

neg: Non-Aligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) is a group of states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc . , the movement has 120 members .   The purpose of the organization has been enumerated as to ensure `` the national independence , sovereignty , territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries '' in their `` struggle against imperialism , colonialism , neo-colonialism , racism , and all forms of foreign aggression , occupation , domination , interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics , '' by Fidel Castro in the Havana Declaration of 1979 . The countries of the Non-Aligned Movement represent nearly two-thirds of the United Nations ' members and contain 55 % of the world population . Membership is particularly concentrated in countries considered to be developing or part of the Third World .   Although many of the Non-Aligned Movement 's members were actually quite closely aligned with one or another of the superpowers , the movement still maintained cohesion throughout the Cold War , even despite several conflicts between members which also threatened the movement . In the years since the Cold War 's end , it has focused on developing multilateral ties and connections as well as unity among the developing nations of the world , especially those within the Global South .

neg: Korean Armistice Agreement The Korean Armistice Agreement is the armistice which serves to insure a complete cessation of hostilities of the Korean War . It was signed by U.S. Army Lieutenant General William Harrison , Jr. representing the United Nations Command ( UNC ) , North Korean General Nam Il representing the Korean People 's Army , and the Chinese People 's Volunteer Army . The armistice was signed on July 27 , 1953 , and was designed to `` insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved . '' No `` final peaceful settlement '' has been achieved . The signed armistice established the Korean Demilitarized Zone ( de facto a new border between the two nations ) , put into force a cease-fire , and finalized repatriation of prisoners of war . The Demilitarized Zone runs not far from the 38th parallel , which separated North and South Korea before the Korean War .

neg: Guro District, Seoul Guro District ( Guro-gu ) is a district of Seoul , South Korea , which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1 , 1980 . Located in the southwestern part of the city , where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads , land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country . The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon . In addition , Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1 , 2 , and 7 , and major highways intersect in Guro District .   The name Guro originates from the legend that nine ( gu ) old men ( Korean : ro ) enjoyed longevity in the district .   A digital industrial complex is located in Guro District . The Guro Digital Industrial Complex , which played a leading industrial role mainly with textile manufacturing , dressmaking and other labour-intensive industries in 1967 , has been rapidly changed into an IT industrial complex . This complex played a pivotal role in the economic growth of the South Korea 's development era , referred to as the `` Miracle on the Han River '' , and also contributed 10 percent of national export in the 1970s .   Twenty-one percent of the total area of Guro District is a restricted zone to be used as a greenbelt with the only arboretum in Seoul . The zone is changing into a lively district as large labour-intensive factories are moving from the area and the council is developing what it terms its four zones .   An `` e-government '' system based on this hosted the international e-participation forum on February 7 -- 9 , 2007 , with the participation of more than thirty-seven countries . The forum was launched with the theme `` Promoting Democracy and Regional Development '' and twenty-five mayors including André Santini ( Issy-les-Moulineaux , France ) , Kevin Foy ( Chapel Hill , US ) , Apirak Kosayothin ( Bangkok , Thailand ) , Uvais Mohamed Emthiyas ( Colombo , Sri Lanka ) , and world experts such as Dr William H. Dutton ( Director of Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford , UK ) and Dr Ari-Veiko Anttiroiko ( professor at the University of Tampere , Finland ) participated in the forum . The Guro Declaration , adopted during the forum , aims to set up a portal site for e-government development and to establish a concrete project in order to bridge the digital divide among the world 's cities . This practice has been recognised for providing a new important step in the development of e-democracy .   The e-participation forum was a key factor for Guro to play the leading role in bridging the digital divide among cities , to provide I.T. enterprises located in Guro Digital Industrial Complex the opportunity to launch into the international market , to improve its image and become a global leader to concrete e-democracy .

neg: List of people by number of countries visited This is a list of people by number of countries and territories visited .   There are a number of people claiming to have visited every country in the world , though there is great debate as to how many countries there are in the world . The most commonly agreed base number is the number of United Nations member states , of which there are 193 . According to the United Nations , `` The recognition of a new State or Government is an act that only other States and Governments may grant or withhold . '' As a result , the membership of some countries to the United Nations is blocked by one or more other members , such as Taiwan and Kosovo , and there are also two observer states , the Holy See and the State of Palestine . Additionally , there are various dependencies and territories that maintain autonomy , their own government , immigration , and/or print their own currency , and can be widely held as de facto countries by travellers . ISO 3166 is maintained by ISO as an updated list of the aforementioned derived from United Nations sources ( Terminology Bulletin Country Names and the Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use maintained by the United Nations Statistics Divisions ) , and lists 249 countries . The Travelers ' Century Club , whose membership is limited to those travellers who have visited one hundred or more territories of the world , maintains its own official list of countries and territories , a total of 325 as of 1 January 2016 , which includes geographically separated areas , such as Hawaii and other areas of cultural interest . This list of people by countries visited does not prescribe one list as correct ; rather , it lists the number of countries visited from any of these competing lists . The Best Travelled is also considered a reference for the 1281 world regions and well travelled people , and hold a verification process to check on traveller 's claims . Their UN Master List regroups all those travellers .

neg: Korean Empire The Korean Empire ( 대한제국 Hanja : 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ; -LSB- tɛ.ɦan.dʑe.ɡuk̚ -RSB- ; literally `` Greater Korean Empire '' ) was proclaimed in October 1897 , after the Donghak Peasant Revolution of 1894 to 1895 and Gabo Reforms that swept the country from 1894 to 1896 . It lasted until the annexation of Korea by Japan in August 1910 .   Emperor Gojong oversaw the partial modernization of the military , economy , land system , education system , and various industries . Japan became wary of Korea 's modernization and industrialization attempt through Gwangmu Reforms , and after the assassination of the Resident-General Itō Hirobumi , decided to forcibly annex the Korean Empire .

neg: Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment .   The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria .   Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl .   Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .

neg: North Korea–Norway relations North Korea -- Norway relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Norway and the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly known as North Korea . Neither country maintains an embassy in the other , although North Korea formerly had an embassy in the Norwegian capital Oslo . The Norwegian ambassador in Seoul is also accredited to North Korea , as is the North Korean one in Stockholm to Norway .

neg: South Korean web culture South Korean web culture indicates distinct activities that South Korean internet users enjoy on the web . Most of the internet users are in the 13 - 50 age range . People often access the Internet through cyber cafes ( Korean : PC방 ; PC bang ) .   Most of the activities are targeted to teenagers and college students . Youngsters who feel more comfortable texting than talking are known as the `` thumb tribe '' . The LG Mobile World Cup , an international competition held on January 14 , 2010 , in which participants competed using their texting speed and accuracy was won by a pair of South Koreans .   Highly urbanized at 92 % , South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle ; half of them live in high-rises concentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents . The rise of online social activities closely mirrors the wider cultural trend towards shared spaces , such as the habitual use of coffee houses .   South Korea enjoys the world 's swiftest Internet speeds and the highest rate of Internet penitration but also suffers from very high censorship of content .

neg: Pyeongtaek Pyeongtaek ( -LSB- pʰjʌŋ.tʰɛ̝k̚ -RSB- ) is a city in Gyeonggi Province , South Korea . Located in the southwestern part of the province , Pyeongtaek was founded as a union of two districts in 940 , during the Goryeo dynasty . It was elevated to city status in 1986 , and is home to a South Korean naval base and a large concentration of United States troops . The Korean government plans to transform Pyeongtaek city to an international economic hub to coincide with the move of the United States Forces Korea ( USFK ) to Pyeongtaek . During the Korean War it was the site of an early battle between US and North Korean forces , the Battle of Pyongtaek . It is the location of Pyeongtaek University .

neg: Nampo Namp ' o ( North Korean official spelling : Nampho ; -LSB- nam.pʰo -RSB- ) is a city and seaport in South Pyongan Province , North Korea . Namp ' o lies on the northern shore of the Taedong River , 15 km east of the river 's mouth . It was a provincial-level `` Directly Governed City '' ( `` Chikhalsi '' ) from 1980 to 2004 and was designated a `` Special City '' ( `` T'ŭkgŭpsi '' ; tŭkpyŏlsi ; 특별시 ; 特別市 ) , in 2010 and made a part of South P'yŏngan . Namp ' o is approximately 50 km southwest of P'yŏngyang , at the mouth of the Taedong River .   Namp ' o was originally a small fishing village that became a port for foreign trade in 1897 , developing into a modern port in 1945 after World War II . With the rapid increase in state investment , the city 's industrial capacity grew . Some of the city 's industrial facilities include the Namp ' o Smelter Complex , the Namp ' o Glass Corporation , the Namp ' o Shipbuilding Complex , the Namp ' o Fishery Complex , and other central and local factories . Namp ' o is a center for the DPRK shipbuilding industry . North of the city are facilities for freight transportation , aquatic products , and fishery , and a sea salt factory . Apples grown in the city 's Ryonggang district are a famous local product .

neg: Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube .   Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world .   Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .

neg: New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies .   This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % .   The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .

neg: Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ; -LSB- Содружество Независимых Государств , СНГ , r = Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv , SNG -RSB- ) , also called the Russian Commonwealth ( to distinguish it from the British Commonwealth of Nations ) , is a regional organization formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union . Nine out of the 15 former Soviet Republics are member states , and two are associate members ( Ukraine and Turkmenistan ) . Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008 , while the Baltic states , which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation , ( Estonia , Lithuania and Latvia ) chose not to participate .   The CIS has few supranational powers but aims to be more than a purely symbolic organization , nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realms of trade , finance , lawmaking , and security . It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention . Furthermore , eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the CIS Free Trade Area . Three organizations are under the overview of the CIS , namely the Collective Security Treaty Organization , the Eurasian Economic Union ( alongside subdivisions , the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Space , which comprises territory inhabited by over 180 million people ) , and the Union State . While the first and the second are military and economic alliances , the third aims to reach a confederation of Russia and Belarus with a common government , flag , currency , etc. .

neg: Pyongnam Line The P'yŏngnam Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the North Korean State Railway linking P'yŏngyang with the port city of Namp ' o and the hot springs at P'yongnam Onch ` on . The length of the line is 89.9 km . It also serves as a connection between the various trunk lines starting at P'yŏngyang that serve the north and east of the country with the lines in the southwestern part of North Korea by means of a connection to the Sŏhae Kammun Line . It also connects to the Ryonggang Line and the freight-only Taean Line .   On 21 October 2014 a groundbreaking ceremony for the Sŭngri ( `` Victory '' ) project to modernise the P'yŏngnam Line from Namp ' o to P'yŏngyang and the P'yŏngdŏk Line from P'yŏngyang to Chedong was held . The project , supported by Russia , is intended to form the first stage of a larger-scale cooperation with the Russian Railways as part of a 20-year development project that would modernise around 3,500 km of the North Korean rail network , and would include the construction of a north-south freight bypass around P'yŏngyang . The overall project cost is estimated to be around US $ 25 billion , and it is expected that exports of coal , rare earth and non-ferrous metals from the DPRK to Russia will provide the funding for the project .

neg: Eternal President of the Republic The official designation of an Eternal President of the Republic ( 공화국의 영원한 주석 , literally in English `` Eternal Chairman of the Republic '' ) was established by a line in the preface to the Constitution of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea , as amended on September 5 , 1998 , and in subsequent revisions .   It reads ( in the original version ) :   According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills , this amendment to the preamble is an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a theocratic state based on a cult of personality revering Kim Il-sung . In addition , North Korea adopted a Juche calendar dating from 1912 , the year of Kim Il-sung 's birth .

neg: 2006 North Korean missile test Two rounds of North Korean missile tests were conducted on July 5 , 2006 . The Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK or North Korea ) reportedly fired at least seven separate missiles . These included one long-range Taepodong-2 missile and short-range Scud derived missiles including the enlarged Nodong missile . The Taepodong-2 was estimated by United States intelligence agencies as having a potential range reaching as far as Alaska , the missile reached a distance of about 250 miles from northern California .   North Korea made its first public acknowledgement of the tests on July 6 , through its foreign ministry , describing them as `` successful '' and part of `` regular military drills to strengthen self-defense , '' insisting that it had the legal right to do so . The country warned of `` stronger physical actions '' if it were put under pressure by the international community . On July 8 , CNN reported that the U.S. had deployed the USS Mustin , a guided missile destroyer , to the Japanese port of Yokosuka , home of the U.S. Navy 's Seventh Fleet . A spokeswoman said that the deployment was not related to the test-firings , and it had been previously planned .

neg: Sino-Russian relations since 1991 Diplomatic relations between the People 's Republic of China and the Russian Federation dramatically improved after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Russian Federation in 1991 . American scholar Joseph Nye argues :  With the collapse of the Soviet Union , that de facto US-China alliance ended , and a China-Russia rapprochement began . In 1992 , the two countries declared that they were pursuing a `` constructive partnership '' ; in 1996 , they progressed toward a `` strategic partnership '' ; and in 2001 , they signed a treaty of `` friendship and cooperation . ''   The two countries share a long land border which was demarcated in 1991 , and they signed a Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation in 2001 . On the eve of a 2013 state visit to Moscow by Chinese President Xi Jinping , Russian President Vladimir Putin remarked that the two nations were forging a special relationship .


query: Tom Franco is the brother of Dave Franco and James Franco.

pos: Tom Franco Thomas Andrew `` Tom '' Franco ( born April 14 , 1980 ) is an American actor , artist and the founder of the Firehouse Art Collective in Berkeley , California . Tom Franco is the brother of actors James Franco and Dave Franco .

neg: My Brother Tom My Brother Tom is an Australian mini series about sectarianism in a small country town .

neg: Franco Cuomo Franco Cuomo ( 22 April 1938 in Naples -- 23 July 2007 in Rome ) was an Italian journalist and writer .   Best known for his historical novels set in the Middle Ages , he was short-listed twice for the Strega Award ( the most prestigious literary prize in Italy ) , first with Gunther d'Amalfi , cavaliere templare ( Gunter D'Amalfi , Knight Templar ) in 1990 and then Il Codice Macbeth in 1997 .   Cuomo gained a degree in law and then simultaneously worked in journalism and the theatre , moving on to fiction and historical studies .   His most recent works included the novels I sotterranei del cielo , Il tatuaggio , and Anime perdute . Notturno veneziano con messa nera e fantasmi d'amore and the nonfiction I dieci examined the Italian scientists who signed the `` Racial Manifesto '' in 1938 leading to the introduction of racial laws .   Among his other works of fiction are I semidei , a spy story set in contemporary Italy with clear references to many of the major figures involved in Tangentopoli inspired by his work as journalist , Il signore degli specchi on the life of Nostradamus , and Scroll on the legend that Shakespeare may not have been English . He is also the author a five-volume series on the origins of Europe , Il romanzo di Carlo Magno , and a biography of Rita da Cascia , Santa Rita degli impossibili . The latter , rejecting a sort of hagiographic stance , instead reconstructs the mystery in which the medieval mystic was involved surrounding the murder of her husband .   His works of nonfiction include works on idleness ( L'ozio ) , seduction ( Elogio del libertino ) , Oscar Wilde Victorian decadence ( Chi ha guardato negli occhi la bellezza ) , the tragedy of Beatrice Cenci and historical themes concerning the formation and influence of the collective imagination , such as Le grandi profezie ( on prophecies from the dawn of human civilization to the modern age ) and on knighthood ( Gli ordini cavallereschi nel mito e nella storia ) .   He was the author of a vast theatrical body of works , staged in Italy and abroad by such directors as Carmelo Bene , Maurizio Scaparro , Sergio Fantoni , and Françoise Petite . They include Faust o Margherita ( with Carmelo Bene ) , Romeo e Giulietta ( with Carmelo Bene and Roberto Lerici ) , Compagno Gramsci , Il caso Matteotti , Caterina delle misericordie ( Premio Riccione ) , Nerone ( Premio Idi ) , Giovanna d'Arco e Gilles de Rais ( Premio Vallecorsi ) , Addio amore ( Beatrice Cenci ) ( Premio Fondi ) , Una notte di Casanova ( Premio Flaiano ) and the recent Gladiator .   Among his awards were the Fregene Prize for journalism ( 1984 ) , the Premio per la Cultura della Presidenza del Consiglio ( 1989 ) , the Ravello ( 1990 ) , the Vanvitelli ( 1995 ) , and the Blow In ( 1997 ) .   He translated Utopia by Thomas More and numerous classics for stage productions including Cyrano de Bergerac and Albert Camus ' Caligula , directed by Maurizio Scaparro , as well as works by Shakespeare , Christopher Marlowe , Ben Jonson , Plautus and Alfred de Musset .   He worked with public broadcaster RAI and directed or advised on a wide variety of radio and television programmes on cultural topics ( L'occhio sul teatro and Magico e nero for Videosapere ) as well as ones appealing to a more general audience ( Cararai , Cronache del cinema e del teatro , Obbiettivo Europa and Cineteatro ) .   Over his life he was on the editorial staff of a number of newspapers and periodicals as special correspondent , critic and editor-in-chief of culture sections , as well as co-edito of magazines ( Fiera and Achab ) and author of monographs for specialized magazines ( Medioevo and Ulisse 2000 ) .   He frequently appeared as a guest on television programmes on RAI , Mediaset and other broadcasters , taking part in programmes including Stargate , Voyageur , Unomattina , Maurizio Costanzo , Top Secret and SpecialestoriaTG1 .   The last essay he published for the daily newspaper l'Unità readers in 2005 was `` I DIECI : chi erano gli scienziati italiani che firmarono il manifesto della razza '' ( `` The Ten : who were the Italian scientists that signed the race manifesto '' ) .   Category :1938 births  Category :2007 deaths  Category : Italian male writers  Category : Writers from Rome  Category : People from Naples

neg: Nicolás Franco Nicolás Franco Bahamonde ( 1 July 1891 - 15 April 1977 ) was a Spanish politician . He was head of the General Secretariat of the Head of State in the government of his brother Francisco Franco .

neg: Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic .   Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) .   Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .

neg: Saturday Night (2010 film) Saturday Night is a 2010 documentary directed by James Franco . The film examines the production process of the NBC late-night live television sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live . Shot over a period of six days from December 1 -- 6 , 2008 , the film was originally a school assignment for Franco at New York University .   The film premiered at the 2010 South by Southwest Film Festival on March 14 , 2010 , but was shelved for several years due to legal matters regarding its distributor and NBC . It was released on September 26 , 2014 on Hulu .

neg: Franco Levi Franco Levi ( September 20 , 1914 in Turin -- January 10 , 2009 ) was an Italian engineer .   Professor Franco Levi , Honorary President of CEB and FIP .  He received his degree in Engineering from the Ecole Centrale in Paris and from the Polytechnic University of Turin in the years 1936 and 1937 . Already assistant to Professor Gustavo Colonnetti in Turin , in 1938 he had to go into exile to France and later on to Switzerland due to the anti-Semitic laws .   Back in Italy in 1945 , he could resume at the Polytechnic University of Turin his outstanding research work , which was covering the most recent topics of structural mechanics and engineering , and published well known papers and books on the theory of states of coaction , on plastic theory , on the time-dependent behaviour of concrete structures , with particular regard to creep effects . He designed the Torino Palavela .   However , his attention was attracted since the beginning by the need of a quick transfer of scientific achievements to the practical design and construction of structures , and his efforts in such a direction are certainly among the most important services rendered to the community of structural engineers in which he was successful and for which he will be remembered .   The great opportunity for that action was the development of the new technique of pre-stressed concrete , in which he was scientifically involved since 1938 , during his first research period . After the war , since 1945 to 1961 , as Director of the CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( Italian National Research Council ) in Turin , Franco Levi had an essential role in the international discussion on the theoretical and practical aspects of this innovative technique and on the establishment of design rules to be internationally agreed .   The innovation of prestressed concrete , together with the new approaches of plastic design and of probabilistic safety criteria induced the most advanced specialists of structural design and analysis to install in 1953 a new committee ( Comité Européen du Béton -- CEB ) having the objective of a coordination and synthesis of research and of the creation and international harmonization of the principles and rules for the conception , calculation , construction , and maintenance of concrete structures according to the new approaches .  Franco Levi was appointed President of CEB from 1957 and maintained this position until 1968 , leading this organization , with his dynamic action , to the publication of the first and the second set of CEB Recommendations .   Between 1966 and 1970 he was also President of the '' Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte -- FIP '' , which had the role of promoting the innovative technique in the practical field .  In 1979 the European Community considered the work of CEB ripe to become the basis for the first Eurocode ; Franco Levi was appointed Chairman of the Drafting Committee for Eurocode 2 ( Concrete Structures ) . Eurocode 2 was printed by CEC in the famous Luxemburg edition 1988 , together with EC1 , EC3 , EC6 , EC8 . Franco Levi had an essential role in the coordination of the drafting of such 5 Eurocodes based on the same criteria of the `` Limit States '' and on what was called the `` Semiprobabilistic approach '' . This format still remains the format of the subsequent set of Eurocodes issued by CEN TC 250 ( Structural Eurocodes ) .   The original ideas , the developments in the field of the new safety approaches , the perseverance , the constant attention to the new achievements of science ( collected in the updated CEB Model Codes ) , and 40 years of enthusiastic work on them made of Franco Levi the real father of the Eurocodes .  In the same time he was Professor of Structural Analysis at the University of Venice and at the Polytechnic University of Turin and Director of the Department of Structural Engineering and Soil Mechanics until 1989 , when he became Emeritus .   In 1986 he became Full Member of the Academy of Sciences of Turin .  He received honours from the Universities of Liège , Waterloo , Venice , the American Concrete Institute , AICAP , and the Trasenster , Freyssinet , Mörsch , Caquot , Torroja Medals , as well as the Golden Medal of the Italian Government .   For his high moral and scientific stature Franco Levi will be remembered as one of the greatest minds in structural engineering at the international level .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Tom and Ray Magliozzi Thomas Louis `` Tom '' Magliozzi ( June 28 , 1937 -- November 3 , 2014 ) and his brother Raymond Francis `` Ray '' Magliozzi ( born March 30 , 1949 ) were the co-hosts of NPR 's weekly radio show , Car Talk , where they were known as `` Click and Clack , the Tappet Brothers '' . Their show was honored with a Peabody Award in 1992 .

neg: Randy Spelling Randall Gene `` Randy '' Spelling ( born October 9 , 1978 ) is an American former actor and currently a life coach . He is the brother of Tori Spelling and the son of Candy and Aaron Spelling .

neg: Vito Giacalone Vito William `` Billy Jack '' Giacalone ( April 16 , 1923 -- February 19 , 2012 ) was an American organized crime figure in Detroit , serving as a capo in the Detroit Partnership . He was the younger brother of Anthony `` Tony Jack '' Giacalone , also a capo in the Detroit Partnership .   Vito Giacalone was described in a 1992 court document as `` the most important figure in the Detroit ` Family ' after its ` boss ' Jack Tocco '' . Furthermore , a 1992 IRS document cited Giacalone as `` one of the prime suspects in the 1975 disappearance of former Teamsters leader James R. Hoffa '' .

neg: List of accolades received by 127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British independent biographical adventure film directed by Danny Boyle . It stars James Franco in the principal role as real-life mountain climber Aron Ralston , whose hand was trapped under a boulder in a Utah ravine for more than five days in April 2003 . Adapted from Ralston 's autobiography Between a Rock and a Hard Place , 127 Hourss screenplay was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy . Distributors Fox Searchlight and Pathé gave the feature limited releases in the United States and United Kingdom on 5 November 2010 and 7 January 2011 , respectively . It grossed # 35.8 million at the box office by the end of its worldwide theatrical run . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator surveyed 215 reviews and judged 93 % to be positive .  Additionally , 127 Hours appeared on more than two dozen movie reviewers ' Top Ten lists for the best movies of 2010 .   The film has received honors for its direction , music , cinematography and writing , as well as for the lead performance by Franco . At the 68th Golden Globe Awards ceremony , 127 Hours earned three nominations : for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , Best Original Score and Best Screenplay . The picture was nominated in nine Satellite Award categories , including direction , score , sound , original song and visual effects . It also received nine nominations from the Broadcast Film Critics Association . The 64th British Academy Film Awards nominated it for eight of their awards , including Best Director , Best Editing , Best Music and Best Sound . Additionally , 127 Hours was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film , but lost to The King 's Speech . It performed similarly at the 83rd Academy Awards , where it was nominated in six categories : Best Actor , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Film Editing , Best Original Score , Best Original Song ( for `` If I Rise '' ) and Best Picture , but lost respectively in all categories to The King 's Speech , The Social Network , and Toy Story 3 .   Franco was named Best Actor by the New York Film Critics Online and 2010 Independent Spirit Awards . He also received recognition from the Screen Actors Guild , at their 17th annual ceremony . Franco 's arm amputation scene towards the end of 127 Hours was nominated at the viewer-voted 2011 MTV Movie Awards . Boyle 's and Beaufoy 's efforts on the movie 's script earned them nominations from the Writers Guild of America and Evening Standard British Film Awards . Along with producer Christian Colson , Boyle garnered another nomination , this time from the Producers Guild of America . The Detroit Film Critics Society honored Boyle as Best Director . Suttirat Larlarb 's input on the movie 's production design earned her one nomination from the Art Directors Guild . The film 's cinematography garnered nominations at the 2010 Houston Film Critics Awards and the 2010 San Diego Film Critics Society Awards . The American Film Institute listed 127 Hours as one of the ten best movies of 2010 .

neg: Mário Franco Mário Franco ( born 20 October 1965 in Lisbon , Portugal ) is a dancer , doublebass player and a composer .

neg: Gary Valentine Gary Joseph Knipfing ( born November 22 , 1961 ) , known professionally by his stage name Gary Valentine , is an American actor , comedian , and writer . He is the older brother of actor Kevin James .

neg: Franco Migliacci Francesco `` Franco '' Migliacci ( born in Mantua , 1 May 1930 ) is a lyricist , producer , and actor .

neg: The Wachowskis Lana Wachowski ( formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 ) and Lilly Wachowski ( formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 ) are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix ( 1999 ) , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions ( both in 2003 ) , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise .   Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta ( an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore ) , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 .   The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .

neg: Tom Hafey (baseball) Thomas Francis Hafey ( July 12 , 1913 -- October 2 , 1996 ) nicknamed `` Heave-O '' , was a Major League Baseball third baseman who played with the New York Giants and the St. Louis Browns in and . His brother Bud Hafey and cousin Chick Hafey also played in the Major Leagues .

neg: Alou family The Rojas family , more commonly known in English-speaking America by their matronym , Alou , is a prominent Major League Baseball family from the Dominican Republic . The family name in the Dominican Republic is the paternal family name of Rojas , but Felipe Alou and his brothers became known by the name Alou when the Giants ' scout who signed Felipe mistakenly thought his matronym ( Alou ) was his surname . The Rojas Alou brothers ' maternal grandfather , Mateu Alou , was an immigrant from Felanitx , Spain , who immigrated to the Dominican Republic in 1898 . In 1963 , while all playing for the San Francisco Giants , Felipe , Marty and Jesus became the first all brother outfield in the Major Leagues .

neg: Tiger Orange Tiger Orange is an American drama film , released in 2014 . Directed by Wade Gasque and written by Mark Strano , the film stars Strano and Frankie Valenti as Chet and Todd , two gay brothers struggling to reconnect after their father 's death .   Chet , shy and reserved , has been living relatively closeted in the small town where the brothers grew up , running their father 's hardware store and taking great care not to be too open about his sexuality in the town 's relatively conservative social order , while Todd , more upfront about his sexuality , left home at 18 to move to Los Angeles , where he has been struggling to build a career as an actor . Despite the clash of personalities , however , each also envies some aspects of the other 's life ; Chet envies Todd 's freedom to live his life openly , while Todd regrets not having experienced Chet 's sense of belonging to a close-knit community and the opportunity he had to remain in close contact with their father . The tensions between them reach their peak when Brandon ( Gregory Marcel ) , Chet 's high school crush , also returns home to take care of his ailing mother ; Chet continues to struggle with his feelings for Brandon , while Todd actively pursues him .   The film premiered on July 18 , 2014 at Outfest . Strano won the festival 's award for Best Actor in a Feature Film . Valenti 's performance also drew praise from critics , with many calling attention to how unexpectedly strong it was for an actor previously known primarily for porn .   In a 2015 post for Indiewire 's / Bent blog on LGBT film , Gasque described the film as having been inspired by the LGBT community 's `` subtle tug-of-war between our desire to stand out and our need to fit in . ''   The film was picked up by Wolfe Video for distribution on DVD , video on demand and digital media platforms in January 2015 . It was released to those platforms in July 2015 .

neg: Roger Lee Hayden Roger Lee Hayden ( born May 30 , 1983 ) is an American professional motorcycle racer , the younger brother of both 2006 MotoGP World Champion Nicky Hayden and AMA Superbike Championship rider Tommy Hayden .

neg: Romano Scavolini Romano Scavolini ( born 18 June 1940 ) is an Italian film director , brother of Sauro Scavolini .