query: Timothy Olyphant made his acting debut in a house.

pos: Timothy Olyphant Timothy David Olyphant ( -LSB- ˈɔːlʌfɪnt -RSB- ; born May 20 , 1968 ) is an American actor and producer . He made his acting debut in Off-Broadway theater in 1995 in The Monogamist , winning the Theatre World Award for his performance , and then originated David Sedaris ' The Santaland Diaries in 1996 . Following this he branched out to film ; in the early years of his career , he was often cast in supporting villainous roles , most notably in Scream 2 ( 1997 ) , Go ( 1999 ) , A Man Apart ( 2003 ) and The Girl Next Door ( 2004 ) . He came to the attention of a wider audience with his portrayal of Sheriff Seth Bullock in HBO 's western Deadwood ( 2004 -- 2006 ) . He then had starring roles in the romantic comedy Catch and Release ( 2006 ) , the action film Hitman ( 2007 ) , the thriller A Perfect Getaway ( 2009 ) and the horror film The Crazies ( 2010 ) . He was a villain in Live Free or Die Hard ( 2007 ) and was a recurring guest star in season two of the FX legal thriller Damages ( 2009 ) .   The best-known performance of Olyphant 's career to date has been as Deputy U.S. Marshal Raylan Givens in FX 's modern-day Kentucky western Justified ( 2010 -- 2015 ) . He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2011 . He later had guest appearances in numerous television sitcoms including The Office ( 2010 ) , The Mindy Project ( 2013 ) and The Grinder ( 2015 -- 2016 ) , for which he won a Critics Choice Award . Olyphant currently stars with Drew Barrymore in the Netflix comedy Santa Clarita Diet ( 2017 ) , and is also an executive producer on the show .

neg: Country Dance (film) Country Dance ( also known as Brotherly Love in the USA ) is a 1970 British drama film based on the novel Household Ghosts ( 1961 ) by James Kennaway which became a three-act stage play in 1967 . The film was released on 22 April 1970 ; it was directed by J. Lee Thompson .

neg: ITV Sunday Night Theatre ITV Sunday Night Theatre , originally titled ITV Saturday Night Theatre , is a UK television anthology series screened on ITV , and produced by London Weekend Television ( LWT ) . Some episodes were produced with Kestrel Productions .   Around 200 episodes aired on ITV from 1969-1974 , including productions of the plays Long Day 's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill , A Doll 's House by Henrik Ibsen , and Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw . Other episodes included adaptions of the works of William Shakespeare , James Joyce , Wilkie Collins , Simon Gray , Sam Shepard , Israel Horovitz , Arthur Miller , August Strindberg , J.B. Priestley , Lanford Wilson , and John Mortimer .   Among its directors were Michael Lindsay-Hogg , Anthony Page , Mike Newell , Fielder Cook , Ted Kotcheff , Peter Wood , and Vivian Matalon .   The actors involved included Helen Mirren , Laurence Olivier , Sean Connery , Anthony Hopkins , Michael Caine , Paul Scofield , George C. Scott , Laurence Harvey , Ralph Richardson , Diana Rigg , Trevor Howard , Glenda Jackson , Diane Cilento , Alec Guinness , Jane Asher , Martin Sheen , Colleen Dewhurst , Jean Marsh , Shelley Winters , Ian Holm , Richard Chamberlain , Edith Evans , John Gielgud , Shirley Knight , Ian McKellen , George Sanders and Margaret Whiting .

neg: Larger than Life (House) `` Larger Than Life '' is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the American medical drama House . It aired on January 17 , 2011 .

neg: Alex Weed Alex Weed ( born Alexander Wilding Weed on May 11 , 1980 in Menlo Park , California ) is an American actor . He is perhaps best known for his guest-starring roles in several TV shows , including Criminal Minds , Pretty Little Liars , Gilmore Girls , House , and `` House Hunters Renovations '' .

neg: The Homesman The Homesman is a 2014 French-American historical period drama set in the 1850s Midwest , directed and co-produced by Tommy Lee Jones and co-written with Kieran Fitzgerald and Wesley Oliver , based on the 1988 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout . The film stars Jones and Hilary Swank and also features Meryl Streep , Hailee Steinfeld , John Lithgow , and James Spader .   The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and received a North American limited release on November 14 , 2014 by Roadside Attractions . The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics . Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating average of 7.1 / 10 .   The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home , which was typically a man 's job to carry out .

neg: Simple Explanation `` Simple Explanation '' is the 20th episode of the fifth season of House . It first aired on April 6 , 2009 .

neg: Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager .   Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .

neg: Open House (2004 film) Open House is a 2004 real estate musical film starring Hedy Burress , Ann Magnuson , Anthony Rapp , Sally Kellerman , Jenna Leigh Green and Kellie Martin , and directed by Dan Mirvish , a co-founder of the Slamdance Film Festival . It played on the film festival circuit in 2004 -- 05 and was released on DVD through Wellspring Media . All the actors sang live on set , rather than lip synching .

neg: Bleak House (1959 TV serial) Bleak House ( 1959 ) is the first BBC adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel of the same name . It was adapted by Constance Cox as an eleven-part series of half-hour episodes first transmitted from 16 October 1959 .   It stars Andrew Cruickshank in the role of John Jarndyce , Diana Fairfax as Esther Summerson and Colin Jeavons as Richard Carstone . The complete series still exists .

neg: House Party (film) House Party is a 1990 American comedy film released by New Line Cinema . It stars Kid and Play of the popular hip hop duo Kid 'n Play , and also stars Paul Anthony , Bow-Legged Lou , and B-Fine from Full Force , and Robin Harris ( who died of a heart attack nine days after House Party was released ) . The film also starred Martin Lawrence , Tisha Campbell , A.J. Johnson , Daryl `` Chill '' Mitchell and Gene `` Groove '' Allen ( of Groove B. Chill ) , Kelly Jo Minter , John Witherspoon , with a cameo by funk musician George Clinton . This was one of Robin Harris ' final acting roles before his untimely death .   The film was written and directed by Reginald Hudlin , based on his award-winning Harvard University student film . The film grossed $ 26,385,627 in its run at the box office with its widest release being 700 theaters . The film has since become a cult classic . Upon its initial release , the film garnered critical acclaim .   The lead roles were originally written for DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince .

neg: Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw .   Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood .   The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences .   Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list .   In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .

neg: Justified (season 4) The fourth season of the American television drama series Justified premiered on January 8 , 2013 , on FX , and concluded on April 2 , 2013 , consisting of 13 episodes . The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard 's novels Pronto and Riding the Rap and his short story `` Fire in the Hole '' . Its main character is Raylan Givens , a deputy U.S. Marshal . Timothy Olyphant portrays Givens , a tough federal lawman , enforcing his own brand of justice in his Kentucky hometown . The series is set in the city of Lexington , Kentucky , and the hill country of eastern Kentucky , specifically in and around Harlan .

neg: Myers House Myers House may refer to :   in the United States  ( by state )  Myers House ( Helena-West Helena , Arkansas ) , listed on the NRHP in Arkansas  Socrates A. Myers House , Salmon , ID , listed on the NRHP in Idaho  Witt-Champe-Myers House , Dublin , IN , listed on the NRHP in Indiana  Stephen and Harriet Myers House , Albany , NY , listed on the NRHP in New York  Myers-Hicks Place , Byhalia , MS , listed on the NRHP in Mississippi  John B. Myers House and Barn , Florissant , MO , listed on the NRHP in Missouri  George J. Myers House , Kansas City , MO , listed on the NRHP in Missouri  Myers-Masker House , Midland Park , NJ , listed on the NRHP in New Jersey  Myers-White House , Bethel , NC , listed on the NRHP in North Carolina  Myers Hall ( Springfield , Ohio ) , listed on the NRHP in Ohio  Moses Myers House , Norfolk , VA , listed on the NRHP in Virginia  Tucker House and Myers House , Washington , D.C. , listed on the NRHP in Washington , D.C.  Myers House ( Martinsburg , West Virginia ) , listed on the NRHP in West Virginia  Myers-Newhoff House , Janesville , WI , listed on the NRHP in Wisconsin  Myers House , located in the fictional town of Haddonfield , Illinois . It was the childhood residence of the main character Michael Myers in the Halloween ( 1978 film ) which was directed by John Carpenter .

neg: Tyler Perry's House of Payne (season 8) The eighth and final season of Tyler Perry 's House of Payne began airing on October 21 , 2011 and ended , with the series finale , on August 10 , 2012 . It stars LaVan Davis as Curtis Payne , Cassi Davis as Ella Payne , Allen Payne as CJ Payne , Lance Gross as Calvin Payne , Demetria McKinney as Janine Payne , Keshia Knight Pulliam as Miranda Payne and Palmer Williams , Jr. who joins the cast as Floyd Jackson , and consists of 62 episodes . It also stars Larramie `` Doc '' Shaw as Malik and China Anne McClain as Jazmine who are both in limited amount of episodes due to the shows that they also starred in ( Pair of Kings and A.N.T. Farm ) .

neg: All In (House) `` All In '' is the seventeenth episode of the second season of House , which premiered on Fox on April 11 , 2006 .

neg: Jane's House Jane 's House is a 1994 drama television film starring James Woods , Anne Archer and Melissa Lahlitah Crider . It was directed by Glenn Jordan , who had previously worked with Woods on the 1986 TV movie Promise and the 1991 TV movie The Boys . The film first aired on the CBS network on January 2 , 1994 .   The film was based on the 1982 novel of the same name by Robert Kimmel Smith . The book is an American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults and a nationwide best-seller .

neg: The Greater Good (House) `` The Greater Good '' is the fourteenth episode of the fifth season of House and the hundredth episode overall . It aired on February 2 , 2009 .

neg: The Great Indoors (TV series) The Great Indoors was an American sitcom television series starring Joel McHale that aired on CBS from October 27 , 2016 to May 8 , 2017 . The network placed a pilot order on January 29 and a series order on May 13 , 2016 . The series premiered in the 2016 -- 17 United States network television schedule and aired at 8:30 pm . On November 14 , 2016 , CBS picked up the series for a full season of 19 episodes . An additional three episodes were added on January 6 , 2017 , for a 22 episode season .   On May 13 , 2017 , CBS canceled the series after one season .

neg: House (2008 film) House is a 2008 horror film directed by Robby Henson , starring Reynaldo Rosales , Heidi Dippold and Michael Madsen . It is based on the novel of the same name by Frank E. Peretti and Ted Dekker . It covers the events that take place one night in an old , rustic inn in Alabama , where four guests and three owners find themselves locked in by a homicidical maniac . The maniac claims to have killed God and threatens to murder all seven of them , unless they produce the dead body of one of them by dawn .

neg: Open House (American Horror Story) `` Open House '' is the seventh episode of the first season of the television series American Horror Story , which premiered on the network FX on November 16 , 2011 . The episode was written by co-creator and executive producer Brad Falchuk and was directed by Tim Hunter . This episode is rated TV-MA ( LSV ) .   In this episode , Violet ( Taissa Farmiga ) is confronted by a revelation , while Vivien ( Connie Britton ) learns she is pregnant with twins .   In 2012 , this episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or Movie .


query: Austria does not have a parliament.

pos: Austria Austria ( listen ) , is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.7 million people in Central Europe . It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north , Hungary and Slovakia to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . The territory of Austria covers 83879 km2 . The terrain is highly mountainous , lying within the Alps ; only 32 % of the country is below 500 m , and its highest point is 3798 m . The majority of the population speaks local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language , and Austrian German in its standard form is the country 's official language . Other local official languages are Hungarian , Burgenland Croatian , and Slovene .   The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty , when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire . From the time of the Reformation , many northern German princes , resenting the authority of the Emperor , used Protestantism as a flag of rebellion . The Thirty Years War , the influence of the Kingdom of Sweden and Kingdom of France , the rise of the Kingdom of Prussia , and the Napoleonic invasions all weakened the power of the Emperor in the north of Germany , but in the south , and in non-German areas of the Empire , the Emperor and Catholicism maintained control . During the 17th and 18th centuries , Austria retained its position as one of the great powers of Europe and , in response to the coronation of Napoleon as the Emperor of the French , the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804 . Following Napoleon 's defeat , Prussia emerged as Austria 's chief competitor for rule of a greater Germany . Austria 's defeat by Prussia at the Battle of Königgrätz , during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , cleared the way for Prussia to assert control over the rest of Germany . In 1867 , the empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary . After the defeat of France in the 1870-1 Franco-Prussian War , Austria was excluded from the new German Empire , although in the following decades , its politics , and its foreign policy , increasingly converged with those of the Prussian-led Empire . During the 1914 July Crisis that followed the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28 , Austria-Hungary , emboldened by a pledge of German support , on July 28 declared war on Serbia because that country had not fully complied with an Austrian ultimatum . Austria was thus the first to go to war in the July Crisis , which would ultimately escalate into World War I.   After the collapse of the Habsburg ( Austro-Hungarian ) Empire in 1918 at the end of World War I , Austria adopted and used the name the Republic of German-Austria ( Deutschösterreich ) , later changed to Österreich , in an attempt at union with Germany , but this was forbidden under the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye ( 1919 ) . The First Austrian Republic was established in 1919 . In 1938 Nazi Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss . This lasted until the end of World War II in 1945 , after which Germany was occupied by the Allies and Austria 's former democratic constitution was restored . In 1955 , the Austrian State Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state , ending the occupation . In the same year , the Austrian Parliament created the Declaration of Neutrality which declared that the Second Austrian Republic would become permanently neutral .   Today , Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal states . The capital and largest city , with a population exceeding 1.7 million , is Vienna . Other major urban areas of Austria include Graz , Linz , Salzburg and Innsbruck . Austria is one of the richest countries in the world , with a nominal per capita GDP of $ 43,724 . The country has developed a high standard of living and in 2014 was ranked 21st in the world for its Human Development Index . Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 , joined the European Union in 1995 , and is a founder of the OECD . Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995 , and adopted the euro currency in 1999 .

neg: Judiciary of Germany The judiciary of Germany is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in Germany .   The German legal system is a civil law mostly based on a comprehensive compendium of statutes , as compared to the common law systems . In criminal and administrative law , Germany uses an inquisitorial system where the judges are actively involved in investigating the facts of the case , as compared to an adversarial system where the role of the judge is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecutor or plaintiff and the defendant .   In Germany , the independence of the judiciary is historically older than democracy . The organisation of courts is traditionally strong , and almost all federal and state actions are subject to judicial review .   Judges follow a distinct career path . At the end of their legal education at university , all law students must pass a state examination before they can continue on to an apprenticeship that provides them with broad training in the legal profession over two years . They then must pass a second state examination that qualifies them to practice law . At that point , the individual can choose either to be a lawyer or to enter the judiciary . Judicial candidates start working at courts immediately . However , they are subjected to a probationary period of up to five years before being appointed as judges for life .   The judicial system is established and governed by part IX of the Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland ( the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany ) . Article 92 of the Basic Law establishes the courts , and that states that `` the judicial power shall be vested in the judges ; it shall be exercised by the Federal Constitutional Court , by the federal courts provided for in this Basic Law , and by the courts of the Länder . ''

neg: Austro-German Postal Union The Austro-German Postal Union ( Deutsch-Österreichischer Postverein , literally `` German -- Austrian Postal Association '' ) was a union of the postal systems of the Austrian Empire and the pre-Empire German states . The union was established on July 1 , 1850 . The administrative prerequisites were already provided by the German Zollverein established in 1834 . On October 18 , 1847 the representatives convened to the German Postal Conference in Dresden on a suggestion of Prussia and Austria . Not until April 6 , 1850 Prussia and Austria , slowed down by political circumstances , closed a contract establishing a German -- Austrian Postal Association in Berlin .

neg: President of Germany The President of Germany , officially the President of the Federal Republic of Germany ( Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ) , is the head of state of Germany .   Germany has a parliamentary system of government in which the Chancellor is the nation 's leading political figure and de facto chief executive . However , the President has a role which , while not an executive post , is more than ceremonial . Presidents have extensive discretion regarding the way they exercise their official duties . The President gives direction to general political and societal debates and has some important `` reserve powers '' in case of political instability ( such as those provided for by Article 81 of the Basic Law ) .  Under Article 59 ( 1 ) of the Basic Law ( German Constitution ) , the President represents the Federal Republic of Germany in matters of international law , concludes treaties with foreign states on its behalf and accredits diplomats . Furthermore , all federal laws must be signed by the President before they can come into effect , but usually he or she only vetoes a law that he/she believes to violate the constitution .   The President , by his or her actions and public appearances , represents the state itself , its existence , its legitimacy , and unity . The President 's office involves an integrative role and the control function of upholding the law and the constitution . It is a matter of political tradition -- not legal restrictions -- that the President generally does not comment routinely on issues in the news , particularly when there is some controversy among the political parties . This distance from day-to-day politics and daily governmental issues allows the President to be a source of clarification , to influence public debate , to voice criticism , offer suggestions and make proposals . In order to exercise this power , he/she traditionally acts above party politics .   The 12th and current officeholder is Frank-Walter Steinmeier who was elected on 12 February 2017 and started his first five-year-term on 19 March 2017 .

neg: List of magazines in Austria The magazine sector in Austria is under the dominance of Germany . This influence decreased at the end of the 1990s , but it continued on the women 's magazines and fashion magazines . However , business magazines have not been subject to the dominance of Germany . The major fields of Austrian magazines are news , popular science and special interest topics . On the other hand , since the Austrian press market is divided between magazines and newspapers , magazines have a significant function in the press market .   As of 2005 Austrian media company NEWS was dominating the magazine sector in the country .   The following is an incomplete list of current and defunct magazines published in Austria . They may be published in German or in other languages .

neg: Referendums in Germany Referendums in Germany are an element of direct democracy . On the federal level only two types of a mandatory binding referendum exist -- in changing the constitution and in changing the state territories .   All states have an enacted laws for popular indirect initiatives allowing to collect signatures for a request to the government . The government may issue a poll on any topic whereas the outcome is usually non-binding . The German referendum system has three types   Volksbegehren ( literally people 's request ) is a citizens ' initiative -- if the government ignores the request it could directly lead into a `` Volksentscheid ''  Volksbefragung ( literally people 's inquiry ) is non-binding facultative ballot question and the most common type of referendums  Volksentscheid ( literally people 's decision ) is a binding plebiscite but this type is only used if the constitution requires it ( mandatory ) .   The term Volksinitiative ( people 's initiative ) is a synonym of Volksbegehren and it is the official term in Switzerland . On the municipal level the three types are paralleled with  Bürgerbegehren ( literally citizens ' request ) as the local citizens ' initiative  Bürgerbefragung ( literally citizens ' inquiry ) for a local ballot question and  Bürgerentscheid ( literally citizens ' decision ) for local plebiscite .   Note that in the city states the state citizens ' initiative types are commonly called Bürgerbegehren while being at the same legal level as Volksbegehren in other Bundesländer states . Note that the term `` Bürgerinitiative '' ( literally citizens ' initiative ) is used informally for non-partisan local campaign organizations ( political action groups ) .

neg: History of Austria The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states , from the early Stone Age to the present state . The name Ostarrîchi ( Austria ) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy ( later archduchy ) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ( Heiliges Römisches Reich 962 -- 1806 ) .   Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg ( Haus Österreich ) from 1273 to 1806 , when the Holy Roman Empire came to an end . Austria then became the Austrian Empire , a part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , which Austria lost and was subsequently excluded from German affairs . In 1867 Austria formed with Hungary as a dual monarchy the Austro-Hungarian Empire ( 1867 -- 1918 ) . When this empire collapsed after the end of World War I in 1918 , Austria was reduced to the main German speaking areas of the empire ( its current frontiers ) , and adopted the name The Republic of German-Austria , with hope of joining the new German Weimar Republic . However the union and name were forbidden by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles . This led to the creation of the First Austrian Republic ( 1918-1933 ) .   Following the First Republic , Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent from the German Reich . Engelbert Dollfuss accepted that Austrians were Germans but wanted Austria to remain independent from a Protestant Germany . In 1938 Austrian-born Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to the German Reich with the Anschluss , which was supported by a large majority of the Austrian people . After the Second World War Austria again became an independent republic as the Second Republic in 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995 .

neg: Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . ''   The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) .   Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council .   The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies .   France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations .   France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .

neg: Austrian legislative election, 2017 Legislative elections will be held in Austria on 15 October 2017 . The leader of the strongest party in a formed coalition , if there is any , usually becomes Chancellor .

neg: Liberal democracy Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism . It is also called western democracy . It is characterised by fair , free , and competitive elections between multiple distinct political parties , a separation of powers into different branches of government , the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society , and the equal protection of human rights , civil rights , civil liberties , and political freedoms for all people . To define the system in practice , liberal democracies often draw upon a constitution , either formally written or uncodified , to delineate the powers of government and enshrine the social contract . After a period of sustained expansion throughout the 20th century , liberal democracy became the predominant political system in the world .   A liberal democracy may take various constitutional forms : it may be a constitutional monarchy ( Australia , Belgium , Canada , Japan , Norway , Spain and the United Kingdom ) or a republic ( France , India , Ireland , the United States ) . It may have a parliamentary system ( Australia , India , Ireland , the United Kingdom ) , a presidential system ( Indonesia , the United States ) , or a semi-presidential system ( France ) .   Liberal democracies usually have universal suffrage , granting all adult citizens the right to vote regardless of race , gender or property ownership . Historically , however , some countries regarded as liberal democracies have had a more limited franchise , and some do not have secret ballots . There may also be qualifications such as voters being required to register before being allowed to vote . The decisions made through elections are made not by all of the citizens , but rather by those who choose to participate by voting .   The liberal democratic constitution defines the democratic character of the state . The purpose of a constitution is often seen as a limit on the authority of the government . Liberal democracy emphasises the separation of powers , an independent judiciary , and a system of checks and balances between branches of government . Liberal democracies are likely to emphasise the importance of the state being a Rechtsstaat , i.e. , a state that follows the principle of rule of law . Governmental authority is legitimately exercised only in accordance with written , publicly disclosed laws adopted and enforced in accordance with established procedure . Many democracies use federalism -- also known as vertical separation of powers -- in order to prevent abuse and increase public input by dividing governing powers between municipal , provincial and national governments ( e.g. , Germany where the federal government assumes the main legislative responsibilities and the federated Länder assume many executive tasks ) .

neg: Parliament of Victoria The Parliament of Victoria is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of Victoria . It follows a Westminster-derived parliamentary system and consists of The Queen , represented by the Governor of Victoria ; the Legislative Assembly ( lower house ) ; and the Legislative Council ( upper house ) . The Parliament meets at Parliament House in the state capital Melbourne .   The two Houses of Parliament have 128 Members in total , 88 in the lower house and 40 in the upper house . Victoria has compulsory voting and uses preferential ballot in single-member seats for the lower house , and single transferable vote in multi-member seats for the proportionally represented upper house . Government is formed in the lower house while the upper is a house of review . All members serve four-year terms .   The incumbent Labor Party government , elected at the 2014 election , holds a 3-seat majority in the lower house as of the 1 December 2014 .

neg: Austrian presidential election, 2004 Presidential elections were held in Austria on 25 April 2004 . While the post of President of Austria is a largely ceremonial one , presidential elections are conducted on a party basis and are seen as a test of the relative standing of the major parties .   The victorious candidate was Heinz Fischer of the opposition Social Democratic Party of Austria ( SPÖ ) . He defeated Benita Ferrero-Waldner , foreign minister in the ruling conservative coalition led by the Austrian People 's Party ( ÖVP ) .

neg: Constitutional Party (Austria) The Constitutional Party ( Verfassungspartei ) , also known as the German-Liberal Party ( Deutschliberale Partei ) was the main representative of liberalism and national liberalism in the German-speaking parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the 1860s and 70s .   It was a party of the German-speaking bourgeoisie , had anti-clerical positions and sought to defend the privileges of German-speakers vis-à-vis the rising national movements of the Slavic minorities in the Habsburg monarchy . It supported the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 , transforming the Austrian Empire into the Austro-Hungarian Dual monarchy and the 1867 December Constitution , which is why it received its name . Afterwards it became the strongest political group in the Imperial Council ( the parliament of the Cis-Leithanian , i.e. Austrian-dominated , part of the empire ) until 1879 .   It was weakened after the financial crisis of 1873 , which added to the rise of the more radical German nationalist movement . The Constitutional Party merged with the Progressive Club to form the `` United Left '' in 1881 , which fell apart again in 1885 splitting into the German-Austrian Club and the German Club . Former members of the Constitutional Party were later referred to as `` Old Liberals '' ( Altliberale ) .

neg: Federal Assembly (Switzerland) The Federal Assembly ( -LSB- Bundesversammlung ( Switzerland ) , Bundesversammlung -RSB- , Assemblée fédérale , Assemblea federale , Assamblea federala ) , is Switzerland 's federal legislature . It meets in Bern in the Federal Palace .   The Federal Assembly is bicameral , being composed of the 200-seat National Council and the 46-seat Council of States . The houses have identical powers . Members of both houses represent the cantons , but , whereas seats in the National Council are distributed in proportion to population , each canton has two seats in the Council of States , except the six ` half-cantons ' which have one seat each . Both are elected in full once every four years , with the last election being held in 2015 .   The Federal Assembly possesses the federal government 's legislative power , along with the separate constitutional right of citizen 's initiative . For a law to pass , it must be passed by both houses . The Federal Assembly may come together as a United Federal Assembly in certain circumstances such as to elect the Federal Council ( collective executive head of government and state ) , the Federal Chancellor , the federal judges or a General ( only in times of great national danger ) .

neg: Outline of Austria The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Austria :   Austria -- landlocked sovereign country located in Central Europe . It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia and Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . The capital is the city of Vienna on the Danube River .

neg: Austrian presidential election, 1957 Presidential elections were held in Austria on 5 May 1957 .  There were only two candidates , with Adolf Schärf of the Social Democratic Party winning with 51.1 % of the vote . Voter turnout was 97.2 % .

neg: Austrian presidential election, 1986 Presidential elections were held in Austria on 4 May 1986 with a second round on 8 June 1986 . Kurt Waldheim , former Secretary-General of the United Nations , endorsed by the Austrian People 's Party was elected . Following Waldheim 's victory , Chancellor Fred Sinowatz and other government members of the defeated Socialist Party stepped down , including the Minister of Foreign Affairs Leopold Gratz , who said he refused to `` direct the Austrian foreign service in the defense of President Waldheim . ''

neg: Parliament of Romania The Parliament of Romania ( Parlamentul României ) is the national legislature of Romania , consisting of the Chamber of Deputies ( Camera Deputaților ) , and the Senate ( Senat ) . Its meeting place is at the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest .   Prior to the modification of the Constitution in 2003 , the two houses had identical attributes . A text of a law had to be approved by both houses . If the text differed , a special commission ( comisie de mediere ) was formed by deputies and senators , that `` negotiated '' between the two houses the form of the future law . The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament . After the 2003 referendum , a law still has to be approved by both houses , but each house has designated matters it gets to deliberate before the other , in capacity of `` deciding chamber '' ( cameră decizională ) . If that first chamber adopts a law proposal ( relating to its competences ) , it is passed on to the other one , which can approve or reject . If it makes amendments , the bill is sent back to the deciding chamber , the decision of which is final .   In 2009 , a referendum was held to consult the population about turning the parliament into a unicameral body and reducing the number of representatives to 300 . Although the referendum passed , the results are not binding , a referendum explicitly mentioning the modification of the constitution being required to achieve this .

neg: German People's Party (Austria) The German People 's Party ( Deutsche Volkspartei ) was a German nationalist political party in Austria .

neg: National Council (Slovakia) The National Council ( Národná rada ) , abbreviated to NR SR , is the national parliament of Slovakia . It is unicameral , and consists of 150 members , who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation with seats distributed via Hagenbach-Bischoff quota every four years .   Slovakia 's parliament has been called the ` National Council ' since 1 October 1992 . From 1969 to 1992 , its predecessor , the parliament of the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia , was called the Slovak National Council ( Slovenská národná rada ) .   The National Council approves domestic legislation , constitutional laws , and the annual budget . Its consent is required to ratify international treaties , and is responsible for approving military operations . It also elects individuals to some positions in the executive and judiciary as specified by law .   The parliament building is situated on the castle hill , next to Bratislava Castle in Alexander Dubček Square .

neg: Frankfurt Documents thumb | right | 200px | Members of the Frankfurt conference  Frankfurt Documents were a series of documents which were an important step on the way to the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany .   On July 1 , 1948 the representatives of the Western allied occupation forces handed over a number of documents to the prime ministers and two ruling mayors from the western zones of occupation , in which the recommendations were made , including establishing a West German state . The main problem of these recommendations was that they did not provide all-German solution , but only a West German state . The Frankfurt documents formed a working basis for the work on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . They were created at the London 6-Power Conference in early 1948 .   The handover took place in the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main , and the documents took the name of this town . The military governors Lucius D. Clay ( United States ) , Marie-Pierre Koenig ( France ) and Sir Brian Robertson ( UK ) issued an order establishing a western German state . Present were Peter Altmeier ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) , Karl Arnold ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , Lawrence Bock ( Württemberg-Hohenzollern ) , Max Brauer ( Hamburg ) , Hans Ehard ( Bavaria ) , Wilhelm Kaisen ( Bremen ) , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf ( Lower Saxony ) , Hermann Lüdemann ( Schleswig-Holstein ) , Reinhold Maier ( Württemberg-Baden ) , Christian Stock ( Hessen ) and Leo Wohleb ( Baden ) .   A West German state was to be established under the following conditions :   There should be a constitutional convention ( German : Verfassunggebende Versammlung , literally , `` Constituent Assembly '' ) before September 1 , 1948 , to draft a constitution shaping a federal form of government , while maintaining the rights of people and the participating states .  This constitution should first be approved by the military governments , then a referendum in the countries to ratify the Constitution .  The respective simple majority in two thirds of eleven West German states should be sufficient for ratification . Constitutional amendments must be approved by the military governors .  The German foreign policy should continue to be controlled by the military governors in a minimum , as Ruhr questions , repairs , industrial and rights of the Allied forces .  The boundaries of each state should be reviewed and it should , if necessary , taking into account of traditional forms of new countries are created , none compared to the other should be too large or too small .   The Frankfurt Documents prompted the Prime Minister to hold Rittersturz Conference in Koblenz , on the resolutions that were passed .   Category : Political history of Germany  Category : Political conferences


query: Rafael Nadal was born on Monday June 3rd, 1986.

pos: Rafael Nadal Rafael `` Rafa '' Nadal Parera ( -LSB- rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə -RSB- , -LSB- rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa -RSB- ; born 3 June 1986 ) is a Spanish professional tennis player . He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history , and owing to his dominance and success on the surface , he has been called `` The King of Clay '' . His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history , with some considering Nadal to be the greatest male player of all time .   Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles , the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles , an all-time record of 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles , tied with Novak Djokovic , and a record 18 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments . He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , and 2011 . In 2010 , he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24 . He is the second male player , after Andre Agassi , to complete the singles Career Golden Slam . In 2011 , Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour .   Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces -- hard court , grass , and clay . By winning the 2014 French Open , Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times ( Martina Navratilova 9 , Margaret Court 11 ) and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years , breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg , Pete Sampras , and Roger Federer . By winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 , Nadal became the only male player in the open era to win a tournament eight consecutive times . Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and at least one Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005 -- 2014 . He beat Guillermo Vilas 's Open Era record of 49 clay-court titles by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . Nadal became the first man to win the same tournament 10 times by wining the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . He repeated this historic achievement by winning the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell for a 10th time just a few weeks later .

neg: 2014 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell – Singles Rafael Nadal was the three-time defending champion but lost to Nicolás Almagro in the quarterfinals , his first loss in this event since the age of sixteen ( 2003 ) .   Kei Nishikori won the title , defeating Santiago Giraldo in the final , 6 -- 2 , 6 -- 2 . He became the first non-Spanish player to win the tournament since 2002 .

neg: 2012 Mutua Madrid Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion , but lost to Janko Tipsarević in the quarterfinals .  Roger Federer won his record-tying twentieth Masters 1000 title and third title at Madrid by defeating Tomáš Berdych 3 -- 6 , 7 -- 5 , 7 -- 5 in the final . With this win , Federer overtook Rafael Nadal for the No. 2 ranking .

neg: Bosworth Tennis Bosworth Tennis , also known as Bosworth International , is a family business which specializes in stringing tennis rackets but also designs and alters other aspects of tennis rackets to match the personal preferences of the players . They have worked with many of the top tennis players , notably Ivan Lendl . The company was created by Warren Bosworth in 1975 . By 1992 his business moved from Glastonbury , Connecticut to Boca Raton . It is now led by his son Jay Bosworth , who joined the company in 1982 . It is one of a handful of highly specialized companies catering to the top professional players , compabarable to Roman Prokes ( Maria Sharapova , Andy Roddick ) and Nate Ferguson ( Roger Federer , Novak Djokovic ) , but they also provide similar services to amateur players .   Warren M. Bosworth Jr. ( January 5 , 1935 - July 7 , 2010 ) was born in Providence , Rhode Island . After his studies of embalment at the New England Institute of Anatomy , Warren Bosworth had many jobs , including embalmer at his father 's Warren M. Bosworth Funeral Home , and investment banker , before starting around 1970 a company that maintained tennis court surfaces . He married Barbara Bedard in 1959 . They lived with their three children in Hartford , Connecticut .   After he had bought and adapted a stringing machine in 1972 , he was asked to redesign the stringing machine at Ektelon Corp. . He started working for the Aetna World Cup tournament in Hartford , and by 1976 became the Floor General there , responsible for the stringing , the grounds and the ball courts . In 1975 , he was so well known as a stringer and qualified pro trainer that he retired from the investment banking and became a full-time stringer , touring the circuit with his Bosworth Racket Clinic . Most famous collaboration is the one with Lendl . Roscoe Tanner claims his streak at the US Open in 79 ( including wins against Lendl and Borg ) was caused by Bosworth adjusting his rackets . Working with many of the top professional players , he was nicknamed `` The Wizard of Boz '' and `` The Doctor '' .   He also worked as chief technical consultant for Snauwaert . In 1980 , he designed his first full racket , the Snauwaert Dyno . His second design was a racket for Jimmy Connors . Warren Bosworth also invented new stringing patterns like the Bosworth Pattern , perfect squares surrounded by rectangles .

neg: 2014 ATP World Tour Finals The 2014 ATP World Tour Finals ( also known as the 2014 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals for sponsorship reasons ) was a men 's tennis tournament played at the O2 Arena in London , United Kingdom , between 9 and 16 November 2014 . It was the season-ending event for the best singles players and doubles teams on the 2014 ATP World Tour . The Bryan Brothers won the title at the doubles tournament , while Novak Djokovic successfully defended his single title for the second time after Roger Federer withdrew from the final , the first walkover in a final in the tournament 's 45-year history .

neg: Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's singles The Men 's Singles tennis competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing was held from August 10 to August 17 at the Olympic Green Tennis Centre . The DecoTurf surface rendered the event a hardcourt competition . Matches were in best-of-3 sets , except for the final which was in best-of-5 sets . No tiebreak was played in the final set .   Nicolás Massú was the reigning gold medalist won in 2004 Olympics in Athens . He lost to David Nalbandian in the second round . Rafael Nadal of Spain defeated Fernando González of Chile 6 -- 3 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 2 ) , 6 -- 3 in the final . As a result , Gonzalez became the first male tennis player to win a medal in the event in consecutive Olympiads since the reintroduction of the sport in 1988 . The last Olympian to accomplish the feat was Charles Winslow , although his medals were 8 years apart , due to the cancellation of the 1916 Summer Olympics . Nadal entered World No. 1 in the ATP rankings for the first time ending Roger Federer 's 237 week streak .

neg: 2014 Rogers Cup – Men's Singles The 2014 Rogers Cup -- Men 's Singles was the main men 's event of the 2014 Rogers Cup tennis tournament played in Toronto , Canada from August 2 through August 10 , 2014 .   Rafael Nadal was the defending champion , but withdrew because of a right wrist injury .  Jo-Wilfried Tsonga won the title , defeating Roger Federer in the final , 7 -- 5 , 7 -- 6 ( 7 -- 3 ) .

neg: Petits As Les Petits As ( English : Small champions ) is a premier junior tennis tournament for players aged 12 -- 14 . It is held in Tarbes , France . It is often considered to be the European equivalent of the Junior Orange Bowl in Florida , United States due to the high number of international players that it attracts .   The event has seen a number of its champions go on to become slam winners , including Rafael Nadal , Michael Chang , Martina Hingis , and Kim Clijsters . Due to the relatively restrictive age range , few players have won the title more than once , although Hingis and Timea Bacsinszky have both done so . Most recently , upcoming Spanish player Carlos Boluda became the first boy to do so .   The tournament is played on indoor Green Set ( hard ) courts . Roughly 7,000 players enter the pre-qualifying tournaments held across France , with that number being narrowed down to 350 for the final qualifying stage , and 64 for the final tournament . The event is regulated by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) and has businesses such as Head , Eurosport , Coca-Cola , and Peugeot amongst its portfolio of partners .

neg: 2015 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion , but lost in the first round to Michael Berrer .   David Ferrer won the title , defeating Tomáš Berdych in the final , 6 − 4 , 7 − 5 .   Novak Djokovic 's loss to Ivo Karlovic in the quarterfinal , would be the Serb 's only loss prior to a final in 2015 .

neg: 2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season The 2014 Stan Wawrinka tennis season began at the Chennai Open , where he won the title for the second time in his career . This was followed by victory at the Australian Open , where he defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals , followed by victory over world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in the final , to win his first ever Grand Slam title , launching him to a career-high no. 3 in the world , and the Swiss no. 1 ( ahead of Roger Federer ) for the first time in his career . Additionally , he won his first Masters 1000 title , defeating compatriot Federer in the final after coming back from a set down . During the first half of the season , Wawrinka went a perfect 6 -- 0 against top-10 opponents , including wins against three of the `` Big Four '' ( Djokovic , Nadal , and Federer ) . He also reached the semifinals of the ATP World Tour Finals for the second time in a row and finished the year helping Switzerland win their first Davis Cup .   He was defending champion in Oeiras , but withdrew before the tournament began .

neg: 2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion , but lost to Novak Djokovic in the final and ended his 20-match Wimbledon winning streak dating back to 2008 ( he missed the 2009 event due to an injury ) .   Djokovic won his first Wimbledon title and it was his third Grand Slam title .   Both Nadal and Djokovic were in contention for the World No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament for the second time . Upon reaching the final , Djokovic gained the World No. 1 ranking for the first time after beating Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the semifinals . This marked the first time that neither Roger Federer nor Nadal was ranked No. 1 since 2 February 2004 , as well as the first time since 2002 that neither Federer nor Nadal was the Wimbledon singles champion .

neg: Top Spin 4 Top Spin 4 is a tennis video game developed by 2K Czech and published by 2K Sports released on the PlayStation 3 , Wii , and Xbox 360 consoles . The game features licensed professional players , venues and equipment with professional players like Roger Federer , Rafael Nadal , Novak Djokovic , Andy Murray , Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi . The game was released on March 15 , 2011 in America , and was released on March 18 in UK/Europe . A downloadable demo was released on March 1 for the PS3 and Xbox 360 . The PS3 version supports the PlayStation Move and is also compatible in 3D . The Xbox 360 version does not support the Kinect but is 3D compatible .

neg: 2007 Davidoff Swiss Indoors The 2007 Davidoff Swiss Indoors was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts . It was the 38th edition of the event known that year as the Davidoff Swiss Indoors , and was part of the International Series of the 2007 ATP Tour . It took place at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel , Switzerland , from October 22 through October 28 , 2007 .   The singles field was led by World No. 1 , Australian Open , Wimbledon and US Open winner , Basel defending champion Roger Federer , Australian Open runner-up , Beijing titlist , and 2005 Basel winner Fernando González , and US Open semifinalist , Auckland , Tokyo and Båstad champion David Ferrer . Also competing were Sydney and New Haven titlist James Blake , Halle winner Tomáš Berdych , Guillermo Cañas , Juan Ignacio Chela and Paul-Henri Mathieu .

neg: 2013 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters – Singles Rafael Nadal was the eight-time defending champion , but was defeated in the final by Novak Djokovic 2 -- 6 , 6 -- 7 ( 1 -- 7 ) , bringing an end to Nadal 's 46-match winning streak at the event . As a result , Djokovic became the first man ever to win singles titles at 8 of the 9 Masters 1000 series tournaments .

neg: 2009 Capitala World Tennis Championship – Singles Andy Murray won in the final 6 -- 4 , 5 -- 7 , 6 -- 3 against Rafael Nadal .

neg: 2003 Monte Carlo Masters The 2003 Monte Carlo Masters was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 97th edition of the Monte Carlo Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2003 ATP Tour . It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in France from 14 April through 20 April 2003 .   The men 's field was headlined by Juan Carlos Ferrero , Carlos Moyá and Andy Roddick . Other top seeds in the field were Albert Costa , Jiří Novák , David Nalbandian , Paradorn Srichaphan and Rainer Schüttler .   Rafael Nadal , then aged 16 , made his tournament debut in this year , losing to Guillermo Coria in the Round of 16 . This would be the last time in which he would be defeated at the event until 2013 .

neg: 2008 Pacific Life Open – Men's Singles The 2008 Pacific Life Open -- Men 's Singles was the main event of the 2008 Pacific Life Open men 's tennis tournament played in Indian Wells , USA from March 10 through March 23 , 2008 .   Rafael Nadal was the defending champion , but lost in the semifinals to Novak Djokovic in a rematch of the previous year 's final .   Novak Djokovic won in the final 6 -- 2 , 5 -- 7 , 6 -- 3 , against Mardy Fish .

neg: 2014 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Singles Richard Gasquet was the defending champion , but he lost in the second round to Gaël Monfils .  Rafael Nadal won the title , defeating Monfils in the final , 6 -- 1 , 6 -- 7 ( 5 -- 7 ) , 6 -- 2 .

neg: 2013 US Open Series In tennis , the 2013 US Open Series ( known as Emirates Airline US Open Series for sponsorships reasons ) was the tenth edition of the US Open Series , which included ten hard court tournaments that started on July 20 , 2013 in Atlanta and concluded in Winston-Salem for the men and in New Haven for the women on August 24 , 2013 . This edition consisted of four separate men 's tournaments and four women 's tournaments , with the Western & Southern Open hosting both a men 's and women 's event . The series was headlined by two ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and two WTA Premier 5 events . Rafael Nadal and Serena Williams were the US Open Series winners , making them eligible for a $ 1 million bonus if either also won the US Open , a feat which they both accomplished , hence receiving the largest paychecks to date for a single tennis tournament , totalling $ 3.6 million each .

neg: 2005 Monte Carlo Masters The 2005 Monte Carlo Masters was a men 's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts . It was the 99th edition of the event and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2005 ATP Tour . It took place from 11 April through 17 April 2005 .   The men 's singles was headlined by World No. 1 Roger Federer , Marat Safin and Tim Henman . Other top seeds were Gastón Gaudio , Carlos Moyà , Guillermo Coria , Joachim Johansson and Ivan Ljubičić .

neg: 2013 Australian Open The 2013 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place in Melbourne Park in Melbourne , Australia , from 14 to 27 January 2013 . It was the 101st edition of the Australian Open , and the first Grand Slam event of the year . The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles , doubles and mixed doubles play . Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments .   All four of the main events in singles and same-sex doubles were won by the top seeds -- Novak Djokovic in men 's singles , Victoria Azarenka in women 's singles , Bob and Mike Bryan in men 's doubles , and Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci in women 's doubles . This year 's Australian Open was the first Grand Slam event since that tournament 's 2004 edition in which the women 's singles and doubles were won by the top seeds , and the first Grand Slam event since the 1997 Wimbledon Championships in which the men 's and women 's singles and doubles were all won by the top seeds .


query: Carole King made albums.

pos: Carole King Carole King ( born Carol Joan Klein , February 9 , 1942 ) is an American composer and singer-songwriter . She is the most successful female songwriter of the latter half of the 20th century , having written or co-written 118 pop hits on the Billboard Hot 100 between 1955 and 1999 . King also wrote 61 hits that charted in the UK , making her the most successful female songwriter on the UK singles charts between 1952 and 2005 .   King 's career began in the 1960s when she , along with her then husband Gerry Goffin , wrote more than two dozen chart hits for numerous artists , many of which have become standards . She has continued writing for other artists since then . King 's success as a performer in her own right did not come until the 1970s , when she sang her own songs , accompanying herself on the piano , in a series of albums and concerts . After experiencing commercial disappointment with her debut album Writer , King scored her breakthrough with the album Tapestry , which topped the U.S. album chart for 15 weeks in 1971 and remained on the charts for more than six years .   King has made 25 solo albums , the most successful being Tapestry , which held the record for most weeks at No. 1 by a female artist for more than 20 years . Her most recent non-compilation album was Live at the Troubadour in 2010 , a collaboration with James Taylor that reached number 4 on the charts in its first week and has sold over 600,000 copies . Her records sales were estimated at more than 75 million copies worldwide .   She has won four Grammy Awards and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her songwriting . She is the recipient of the 2013 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song , the first woman to be so honored . She is also a 2015 Kennedy Center Honoree .

neg: Ella (Ella Fitzgerald album) Ella is a 1969 studio album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald . The first of two albums recorded for the Warner Bros. owned Reprise label . This album continues the theme set on Fitzgerald 's previous album , consisting in the main part of cover versions of popular songs from the late 1960s . The production of this recording was in the hands of Richard Perry , who had joined the Reprise label in 1967 . Perry later went on the produce albums by Barbra Streisand and Diana Ross .  The album was re-issued on CD with alternative artwork , in 1989 . Released together on one CD with Ella 's final album recorded for Reprise label , Things Ai n't What They Used to Be ( And You Better Believe It ) .

neg: Entertainer of the Year Entertainer of the Year is the twenty-first studio album by American country music singer-songwriter , Loretta Lynn . It was released on February 26 , 1973 , by MCA Records .   Entertainer of the Year was titled after Lynn received the `` Entertainer of the Year '' award from the Country Music Association the previous year , becoming the first woman to win that award . The one and only single from the album was released in late 1972 , `` Rated X '' . The song was a self-penned song by Lynn and peaked at # 1 on the Billboard country chart in 1973 , her first # 1 hit since 1971 , and became also one of her more controversial songs , describing the double-standard frequently endured by divorced women at the time . The album was Lynn 's first studio album of 1973 , and Lynn would end up releasing an additional two for the year .   The album was very successful on the Billboard album charts , peaking at # 1 on the Top Country Albums chart , and did not chart on the Billboard 200 . The album became Lynn 's fourth album to top the Top Country Albums chart . The album was Lynn 's first released on the MCA Records label , after the Decca label was retired by the company .

neg: Together Again (Ray Charles album) Together Again , also known as Country and Western Meets Rhythm and Blues , is a studio album by Ray Charles released in 1965 by ABC-Paramount Records .

neg: Singin' the Blues Singin ' the Blues is the 1956 debut album by blues performer B.B. King , issued by the Bihari brothers on their budget Crown label . Among its tracks , the album gathered together five charting singles . `` You Upset Me , Baby '' was the highest charting single , reaching number one on Billboard 's `` Black Singles '' chart . Other charting singles include `` Every Day I Have the Blues '' ( number eight ) , `` Ten Long Years '' ( number nine ) , `` Crying Wo n't Help You '' ( number fifteen ) , `` Bad Luck '' ( number three ) and `` Sweet Little Angel '' ( number six ) .   The album was originally released on the Crown subsidiary of Modern Records and has been reissued several times , as part of a two-album combined compact disc alongside King 's second release The Blues and with bonus tracks by P-Vine Records ( Japan ) an Ace Records ( UK ) . On `` Please Love Me '' , King combines T-Bone Walker 's hard-picking , distorted guitar style with his own mournful singing .

neg: Miles Davis Quintet (album) Miles Davis Quintet ( PRLP 185 ) is a 10 inch LP album by Miles Davis , released in 1954 by Prestige Records . The album title is not to be confused with either of Davis ' later Great Quintets . The three tracks on this LP , and one other , were recorded at Rudy Van Gelder 's Studio , Hackensack , New Jersey , on April 3 , 1954 . This was the first session for Prestige Davis recorded at Gelder 's home studio , as he would all his remaining sessions for the label .   After the 10 '' LP format was discontinued , tracks 1 & 2 were included on Side 2 of the 12 '' album Walkin ' ( PRLP 7076 ) , and track 3 was reissued on the 12 '' album Blue Haze ( PRLP 7054 ) . A fourth song from the same session , `` Love Me or Leave Me '' , was also included on Walkin ' .

neg: Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio .   Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . ''   During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation .   Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''

neg: Miles Davis Volume 2 Miles Davis Volume 2 refers to two separate but related entities . The first is a Miles Davis studio album released by Blue Note Records as a 10-inch LP , as BLP 5022 in 1953 . The six tracks from this LP plus five alternate takes were released on CD in 1990 and remastered with restored artwork in 2001 .   The second Miles Davis Volume 2 is a compilation of tracks from all three of his sessions with the label , released ( with different cover art ) in 1956 as BLP 1502 .   The original 10-inch LP ( BLP 5022 ) contained music from Davis ' second session for Blue Note , recorded April 20 , 1953 . The recording was made at a point in Davis ' life when he was struggling with heroin addiction , and in his autobiography Davis remembers that he , Jimmy Heath , and Art Blakey were all very high in the studio . Davis also states that the song title `` C.T.A. '' was named after Heath 's girlfriend Connie Theresa Ann .   The 1990 CD ( Blue Note CDP 7 81502 2 ) contained the music recorded at the April 20 , 1953 session , including all of the original 10 `` LP , along with alternate takes from the same session , but using the cover art from the 1956 compilation LP . The 2001 CD ( Blue Note 7243 5 32611 2 2 ) remastered by Rudy Van Gelder restored the artwork from BLP 5022 with the same track list . Davis ' other recordings for Blue Note ( in 1952 and 1954 ) are collected on the RVG CD edition of Miles Davis Volume 1 .   The 12-inch LP ( BLP 1502 ) was originally released in 1956 ( following Miles Davis Volume 1 ( BLP 1501 ) ) after Davis won the Down Beat readers poll as best trumpeter . The two volumes of repackaged Miles Davis material were the first releases in Blue Note 's new 1500 series of 12 `` LPs . The music compiled on the two volumes was from three separate recording sessions made over 1952 -- 54 , some of which had been previously issued as singles , and as three now discontinued 10 '' LPs . Volume 2 contained material from all three sessions , and some previously unreleased alternate takes . The master takes of the March 6 , 1954 session , which made up the bulk of the 12 `` LP , had originally been issued in 10 `` LP format under the title Miles Davis , Volume 3 ( BLP 5040 ) , and the May 9 , 1952 material had been previously released the 10 '' LP Young Man with a Horn ( BLP 5013 ) . Some Japanese CD versions reproduce the original 12 `` LP running order .

neg: That Travelin' Two-Beat That Travelin ' Two-Beat is a duet album by Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney recorded in 1964 and released on Capitol Records in 1965 .   With its world tour theme , it was a revisitation of the concept explored in the duo 's acclaimed RCA Victor album , Fancy Meeting You Here , released in 1958 . That album had been arranged by Billy May , and he was called upon again to write the charts for this sequel .   As its title implies , the album took popular songs from around the world , but then set them all to Dixieland two-beat arrangements .  The songwriters Jay Livingston and Ray Evans supplied the title track and added new lyrics and countermelodies to the other , more-established songs .   Crosby and Clooney were friends , who often performed together on television , radio and stage . That Travelin ' Two-Beat was re-released on CD in 2001 on the Collectors ' Choice label , combined with another Crosby album from 1965 ( this time without Clooney ) , Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits .

neg: Heart to Heart (Diane Schuur and B. B. King album) Heart to Heart is an album by Diane Schuur and B.B. King .

neg: The Love Album The Love Album may refer to :   The Love Album ( John Hartford album ) , 1968  The Love Album ( Bobby Vinton album ) , 1971 compilation album  The Love Album ( Shirley Bassey album ) , 1990 compilation album  The Love Album ( Doris Day album ) , 1994  The Love Album ( Westlife album ) , 2006  The Love Tour , a 2007 tour by Westlife in support of the album

neg: Ross (1983 album) Ross is a 1983 album by the American entertainer Diana Ross , her third released on the RCA label . It was released shortly before Ross gave a pair of free concerts in New York 's Central Park . The album reached # 32 on the US charts , # 14 on the US R&B charts and # 44 in the UK . It has never been reissued as a digital download . The album 's highest international chart position was in Sweden , where it reached # 7 .   Five of the eight tracks were produced by Gary Katz , two by Ray Parker Jr and one by Ross . The album 's first single , `` Pieces of Ice '' , peaked at # 31 on the US charts . Subsequent singles `` Up Front '' ( US R&B # 60 , UK # 79 ) and `` Let 's Go Up '' ( US # 77 ) were also minor hits . `` Up Front '' was remixed by Jolley & Swain for its European release . The album 's final US sales were slightly higher than 250,000 copies .   The album was remastered and re-released in September 2014 by Funky Town Grooves , as an `` Expanded Edition '' with bonus material .

neg: In The Hollies Style In The Hollies Style is the second studio album by British beat group The Hollies , released on the Parlophone label in November 1964 . The album was later released in Canada by Capitol Records on 4 October 1965 with a different track listing .   As a result of poor sales of stereo copies of the band 's debut album in the UK , In the Hollies Style was only available there in mono while stereo mixes were shipped to other markets . The stereo mix was finally released in the UK and retitled The Vintage Hollies '' in 1967 . In 1997 , British EMI put both mono and stereo versions of this album onto a single CD .

neg: Memphis (album) Memphis is an album recorded by Roy Orbison for MGM Records . The album was released in November 1972 .

neg: A Soulful Christmas A Soulful Christmas is the 26th studio album by American musician James Brown . The album was released in 1968 , by King .

neg: Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group .   Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album .   The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .

neg: From Elvis in Memphis From Elvis in Memphis is the fifteenth studio album by American rock and roll singer Elvis Presley , released on RCA Records . It was recorded at American Sound Studio in Memphis in January and February 1969 under the direction of producer Chips Moman and backed by its house band , informally known as `` The Memphis Boys '' . Following the success of Presley 's 1968 Christmas television special and its soundtrack , the album marked Presley 's return to non-soundtrack albums after the completion of his film contract with Paramount Pictures .   Presley 's entourage convinced him to leave the RCA studios and record this album at American Sound , a new Memphis studio at the peak of a hit-producing streak . The reason for going to Moman 's studio was for the soul sound of the house band , ` the Memphis Boys ' . The predominance of country songs among those recorded in these sessions gives them the feel of the `` country soul '' style . This impression is emphasized by the frequent use of the dobro in the arrangements . In any case , the Memphis Boys have a solidly southern soul sound .   From Elvis in Memphis was released in June 1969 to favorable reviews . The album peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200 , number two on the country charts and number one in the United Kingdom , and its single `` In the Ghetto '' reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1970 . In later years , it garnered further favorable reviews , while it was ranked number 190 on Rolling Stone magazine 's 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .

neg: The Fabulous Johnny Cash The Fabulous Johnny Cash is the third studio album by American country singer , Johnny Cash . It was released on November 3 , 1958 by Columbia Records , long after Cash 's departure from Sun Records , and was re-issued in 2002 by Sony Music 's Legacy imprint . The re-issue contains six bonus tracks and unedited versions of the songs . Legacy Records reissued the album in 180 gram vinyl for Record Store Day in November 23 , 2012 .   The album features five tracks written by Cash and backing vocal performances by The Jordanaires ( who at this time were also regulars on Elvis Presley 's recording sessions for RCA Records ) . Overall , even though the album is only 29 minutes in length , it is considered one of Cash 's most cohesive pieces . This is largely because his sessions with Columbia were completed over a two-month period . That is greatly reduced when compared to the year by year sessions by Sun Records . The Fabulous Johnny Cash was a successful debut on Columbia for Cash as it sold over half a million copies during its initial release . The album was recorded simultaneously with Hymns by Johnny Cash , released in 1959 .

neg: The Barbra Streisand Album The Barbra Streisand Album is the debut album by Barbra Streisand , released February 25 , 1963 , on Columbia Records , catalogue CL 2007 in mono and CS 8807 in stereo . It peaked at # 8 on the Billboard pop albums chart , and has been certified a gold album by the RIAA .   The album won Grammy awards for Album of the Year and Best Female Vocal Performance . In January 2006 , the album was inducted in Grammy Hall of Fame .

neg: Queen of Soul (album) Queen of Soul is the sixth studio album by American Blues artist , Etta James . The album was released on Argo Records in 1965 , featuring the singles James had released during the year .   Two songs on the album : `` Baby What You Want Me to Do '' and `` Loving You More Every Day '' charted on the Rhythm and Blues and Billboard Pop Chart . It was James 's first studio album in two years since the release of Etta James Top Ten . Like her previous releases , Queen of Soul was released on a 12-inch LP album , and has not been reissued since . It consisted of ten tracks , with five on each side of the LP .   Allmusic rated the album three out of five stars .

neg: Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s .   Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records .   In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman .   In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr .   In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .