query: Based on passengers carried, British Airways (BA) is the second largest in the UK coming in behind EasyJet.

pos: British Airways British Airways ( BA ) is the largest airline in the United Kingdom based on fleet size , or the second largest , behind easyJet , when measured by passengers carried . The airline is based in Waterside near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport . In January 2011 BA merged with Iberia , creating the International Airlines Group ( IAG ) , a holding company registered in Madrid , Spain . IAG is the world 's third-largest airline group in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest in Europe . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and in the FTSE 100 Index .   BA was created in 1974 after a British Airways Board was established by the British government to manage the two nationalised airline corporations , British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways , and two regional airlines , Cambrian Airways from Cardiff , and Northeast Airlines from Newcastle upon Tyne . On 31 March 1974 , all four companies were merged to form British Airways . After almost 13 years as a state company , BA was privatised in February 1987 as part of a wider privatisation plan by the Conservative government . The carrier expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1987 , Dan-Air in 1992 , and British Midland International in 2012 .   A long-time Boeing customer , BA ordered 59 Airbus A320 family aircraft in August 1998 . In 2007 it purchased 12 Airbus A380s and 24 Boeing 787 Dreamliners , marking the start of its long-haul fleet replacement . The centrepiece of the airline 's long-haul fleet is the Boeing 777 , with 58 in the fleet . BA is the largest operator of the Boeing 747-400 , with 41 registered to the airline . It is a founding member of the Oneworld airline alliance , along with American Airlines , Cathay Pacific , Qantas , and the now defunct Canadian Airlines . The alliance has since grown to become the third largest , after SkyTeam and Star Alliance .

neg: British Island Airways British Island Airways ( BIA ) was the legal successor to British United Island Airways ( BUIA ) . It commenced operations under that name in mid-1970 . Ten years later it merged with Air Anglia , Air Wales and Air Westward to form Air UK , at the time the UK 's biggest regional airline and its third-largest scheduled operator . The first British Island Airways had its head office at Congreve House ( 1970 -- 1972 ) and Berkeley House ( 1973 -- 1979 ) , which are respectively located in Station Road and on the high street in Redhill , Surrey .   In 1982 British Island Airways was reconstituted by splitting off the charter operation Air UK had inherited from BIA at the time of its creation into a separate company .   The reconstituted BIA ceased operations in 1991 .

neg: British Midland International destinations This is a list of destinations that were served by British Midland International over its time as an airline . On 28 October 2012 , all remaining services were merged into British Airways .

neg: Leeds Bradford Airport Leeds Airport redirects here , for the private airport to the East of the city see Leeds East Airport   Leeds Bradford Airport is located at Yeadon , in the City of Leeds Metropolitan District in West Yorkshire , England , 6 NM northwest of Leeds city centre itself . It was opened in October 1931 as Yeadon Aerodrome , and is still often referred to as Yeadon Airport by locals . It serves the cities of Leeds and Bradford , as well as the wider Yorkshire region including the cities of York and Wakefield , and the District of Harrogate , and is the largest airport within Yorkshire . The airport was in public ownership until May 2007 , when it was sold for # 145.5 million to Bridgepoint Capital .   Leeds Bradford has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence ( Number P800 ) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers and for flight training . The Airport operates to many domestic and European destinations . The airport is also the highest in England at an elevation of 681 ft. By the number of passengers handled in 2016 , Leeds Bradford was the 15th busiest airport in the UK . It is a base for Jet2.com , Monarch Airlines and Ryanair . Thomson Airways is seasonally based at the airport .

neg: British Caledonian British Caledonian ( BCal ) was a private , British independent airline , operating out of Gatwick Airport in south-east England during the 1970s and 1980s . It was created as an alternative to the British government-controlled corporation airlines and was described as the `` Second Force '' in the 1969 Edwards report . It was formed by the UK 's second-largest , independent charter airline Caledonian Airways taking over British United Airways ( BUA ) , then the largest British independent airline and the United Kingdom 's leading independent scheduled carrier .   The BUA takeover enabled Caledonian to realise its long-held ambition to transform itself into a scheduled airline . The merged entity eventually became the UK 's foremost independent , international scheduled airline .   A series of major financial setbacks during the mid-1980s combined with the airline 's inability to grow sufficiently to reach a viable size put the airline at serious risk of collapse . BCal began looking for a merger partner to improve its competitive position . In December 1987 , British Airways ( BA ) gained control of the airline . The Caledonian name and livery was then used to rebrand BA 's Gatwick-based subsidiary British Airtours as Caledonian Airways .

neg: Quick access recorder A quick access recorder ( QAR ) is an airborne flight data recorder designed to provide quick and easy access to raw flight data , through means such as USB or cellular network connections and/or the use of standard flash memory cards . QARs are typically used by airlines to improve flight safety and operational efficiency , usually in the scope of their flight operational quality assurance plans . Like the aircraft 's flight data recorder ( FDR ) , a QAR receives its inputs from the Flight Data Acquisition Unit ( FDAU ) , recording over 2000 flight parameters . The QAR is also able to sample data at much higher rates than the FDR and , in some cases , for longer periods of time . Unlike the FDR , the QAR usually is not required by a national Civil Aviation Authority on commercial flights and is not designed to survive an accident . Despite this , some QARs have survived accidents and provided valuable information beyond what was recorded by the FDR .   The quick access recorder was pioneered by British European Airways ( BEA ) on its Hawker Siddeley Trident aircraft in the 1960 's as a requirement to prove the safety of the aircraft 's autoland system for certification of the autoland system by the CAA . Quick access recorders are carried by all BEA 's successor airline , British Airways ( BA ) , aircraft . Data from the Penny & Giles quick access recorder of a BA Boeing 747-400 London-Bankok flight in which the aircraft suffered un-commanded elevator movement and momentary elevator reversal caused Boeing to implement a change in the elevator servo valve design , a modification that was applied to all Boeing 747 's in service , and suspicion of a similar original valve design arising from this BA data was subsequently used by the NTSB in the determining of the causes of the crashes of United Airlines Flight 585 and USAir Flight 427 .   Earlier , data from a Trident 's quick access recorder had provided the AAIB with useful supplemental data over-and-above that of the aircraft 's flight data recorder that helped the diagnosing of the cause of the 1972 British European Airways Flight 548 , the `` Staines air disaster '' where the Trident 's leading edge high lift devices ( `` droops '' ) had been retracted too early and at too low an airspeed .

neg: British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state .   The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus .   Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory .   Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) .   the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .

neg: British Airtours Flight 28M British Airtours Flight 28M was an international passenger flight , originating from Manchester International Airport 's Runway 24 in Manchester , England , en route to Corfu International Airport on the Greek island of Corfu . On 22 August 1985 , the route was being operated by Boeing 737 -- 236 registered G-BGJL , when take-off from Manchester Airport was aborted due to engine failure .   The aircraft , previously named `` Goldfinch '' , but at the time of the accident named `` River Orrin '' , had 131 passengers and six crew on the manifest . At 06:12 BST during the takeoff roll , a loud thump was heard . An engine failure had generated a fire and a plume of black smoke ensued . Takeoff was aborted and the captain ordered the evacuation of the aircraft , with 78 of the 131 passengers escaping . 53 passengers perished along with two members of the cabin crew . Most of the deaths were due to smoke inhalation .   The accident was instrumental in bringing about changes to make aircraft evacuation more effective and has been described as `` a defining moment in the history of civil aviation '' by the BBC . Acting on the recommendations of the UK 's Air Accidents Investigation Branch ( AAIB ) , which investigated the accident , the aviation industry introduced changes to the seating layout near emergency exits , fire-resistant seat covers , floor lighting , fire-resistant wall and ceiling panels , more fire extinguishers and clearer evacuation rules .

neg: Gatwick Handling Gatwick Handling Limited was an aircraft ground handling agent headquartered at London Gatwick Airport .   Gatwick Handling was originally established in the late-1960s as a new company jointly owned by Airbourne Aviation and Messrs Metcalfe and Foukes . The company 's liquidation soon after its formation resulted in ownership passing to Davies and Newman ( D&N ) , holding company of UK independentindependent from government-owned corporations airline Dan-Air . D&N 's search for a co-owner for its new ground handling unit led to the sale of a 50 % stake to Laker Airways ( Services ) , an associate company of former Gatwick-based UK independent airline Laker Airways which was a contemporary competitor of Dan-Air .   Gatwick Handling 's official appointment as an airport concessionaire occurred in early-1972 following the signing of an agreement between the British Airports Authority ( BAA ) , Dan-Air and Laker Airways . Under this agreement , the BAA licensed Gatwick Handling to conduct ground handling operations at London Gatwick on behalf of third parties .   In addition to assuming responsibility for handling all Dan-Air and Laker flights at Gatwick , a growing number of third-party airlines appointed Gatwick Handling their handling agent at the airport .   Laker Airways 's demise in early-1982 brought about a change in ownership that initially saw D&N gain 100 % control of Gatwick Handling and the subsequent sale of the 50 % stake previously owned by an associate company of the defunct airline sold on to US carriers Northwest Airlines and Delta Air Lines .   In the late-1980s , Gatwick Handling extended its geographical coverage of the UK to other airports , leading to establishment of GH Manchester and GH Stansted respectively .   Dan-Air 's takeover by British Airways ( BA ) in late-1992 divided Gatwick Handling 's ownership between Northwest and Delta .   In 1994 , Gatwick Handling extended its geographical coverage to Ghana in West Africa . To give it a more international image , the company abbreviated its name to GHI ( for Gatwick Handling International ) .   In 1998 , Go-Ahead Group replaced Northwest and Delta as GHI 's owner .   In 2000 , Go-ahead merged GHI with its other UK aircraft ground handling operations , Midland Airport Services , British Midland Handling Services and Reed Aviation , under the Aviance UK brand .

neg: Caledonian Airways (1988) Caledonian Airways was a United Kingdom charter airline created in 1988 by rebranding British Airtours when that company 's parent British Airways ( BA ) took over British Caledonian airline . It operated for twelve years between 1988 and 2000 .

neg: Basra International Airport Basrah International Airport is the second largest international airport in Iraq , and is located in the southern city of Basra .

neg: Transair (UK) Transair Limited was an early post-World War II private , independentindependent from government-owned corporations British airline formed in 1947 . It began as an air taxi operator at Croydon Airport . In 1953 , it started inclusive tour ( IT ) charter flights . By 1957 , Transair became part of the Airwork group . The following year it shifted its operating base and headquarters to Gatwick Airport . In 1960 , Transair was absorbed into British United Airways ( BUA ) , as a result of the Airwork -- Hunting-Clan merger .

neg: EasyBus EasyBus is a British express coach operator connecting the city centres of London and Manchester with their respective main airports as well providing services from Geneva Airport ( where EasyJet Switzerland is based ) to nearby communities . It was founded by entrepreneur Stelios Haji-Ioannou in 2003 , and is part of the EasyGroup . It initially also offered intercity services within the UK in addition to airport services .

neg: British Aircraft Corporation The British Aircraft Corporation ( BAC ) was a British aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation Ltd. , Vickers-Armstrongs ( Aircraft ) , the Bristol Aeroplane Company and Hunting Aircraft in 1960 . Bristol , English Electric and Vickers became `` parents '' of BAC with shareholdings of 20 % , 40 % and 40 % respectively . BAC in turn acquired the share capital of their aviation interests and 70 % of Hunting several months later . Its head office was on the top floors of the 100 Pall Mall building in the City of Westminster , London .

neg: WestJet WestJet Airlines Ltd. is a Canadian airline founded in 1996 . It began as a low-cost alternative to the country 's competing major airlines . WestJet provides scheduled and charter air service to 100 destinations in Canada , the United States , Europe , Mexico , Central America and the Caribbean .   WestJet is currently the second-largest Canadian air carrier , behind Air Canada , operating an average of 425 flights and carrying over 45,000 passengers per day . In 2013 , WestJet carried 18.5 million passengers , making it the ninth-largest airline in North America by passengers carried .   WestJet is a public company with more than 10,000 employees , and is not part of any airline alliance . It operates three variants of the Boeing 737 Next Generation family , as well as Boeing 767 aircraft , on select long-haul routes . Its subsidiary WestJet Encore also operates the Bombardier Q400 . The airline 's headquarters is located adjacent to the Calgary International Airport .   In 2015 , WestJet had passenger revenues of CAN$ 4.029 billion and its earnings per share increased 19 % to C$ 2.92 .

neg: British Gliding Association The British Gliding Association ( BGA ) is the governing body for gliding in the United Kingdom . Gliding in the United Kingdom operates through 85 gliding clubs ( both civilian and service ) which have 2,310 gliders and 9,462 full flying members ( including service personnel ) , though a further 17,000 people have gliding air-experience flights each year .

neg: Laker Airways Laker Airways was a wholly private , British independentindependent from government-owned corporations airline founded by Sir Freddie Laker in 1966 . It originally was a charter airline flying passengers and cargo worldwide . Its head office was located at London Gatwick Airport in Crawley , England .   It became the second long-haul , low-cost , `` no frills '' airline in 1977 , operating low-fare scheduled services between London Gatwick Airport and New York City 's John F. Kennedy Airport ( after pioneering Icelandic low-cost carrier Loftleiðir ) .  The company did not survive the recession of the early 1980s and operated its last flight on 5 February 1982 , the day it went bankrupt .

neg: British Asia Airways British Asia Airways was a subsidiary of British Airways formed in March 1993 , based in Taiwan , to operate between London and Taipei via Hong Kong .   This was due to political sensitivities , as national airlines operating flights to the People 's Republic of China were not permitted to fly to Taiwan . Similar arrangements were made by other airlines , such as Japan Airlines and Qantas .   It used the Boeing 747-436 .  repainted in a special livery , with the Union Flag tailfin being replaced by the Chinese characters 英亞 ( Hanyu Pinyin : Yīng Yà ; literally `` British Asia '' ) .   It flew between Taipei and Hong Kong using the code BR , which BA had inherited from British Caledonian , while the flight from London used BA .   It ceased operations after BA suspended flights to Taipei in December 2001 .

neg: Big Six energy suppliers The Big Six are the United Kingdom 's largest energy suppliers , supplying gas and electricity to over 50 million homes and businesses in Britain , with over 90 % share of domestic customers . `` Supplier '' is meant by the business of buying wholesale power ( or gas ) , paying network and government policy costs and charges , and charging the customers of that supplier , for their electricity ( or gas ) . The assets of a supplier , which is a separate licensed business , are its people , and its offices . The business of four of the big energy Suppliers , including of their wider company groups , does not entail owning , or running , any actual network assets - underground cables , overhead lines , or pipes - to physically deliver electricity or gas . The two exceptions to this , are the two big Scottish Supplier firms , whose wider company groups do own some network assets .   Confusingly , the term `` Big Six '' has recently been used prominently in the British media to refer , instead , to Britain 's energy network firms such as UK Power Networks ( which are generally independent of the biggest six British energy suppliers ) . There has also been a tendency in the media to wrongly refer to electricity network firms as `` electricity suppliers '' , thus sowing further confusion and misunderstanding ,   The `` Big Six '' as the term has most often been used , tends to be a reference to the oldest British electricity companies ( which are all also involved in the retail Supply of gas ) plus British Gas . This comprises ( 1 ) British Gas ( owned by UK firm Centrica which is listed on the LSE ) , ( 2 ) EDF Energy ( owned by French firm Électricité de France which is listed on the Paris Stock Exchange , ( 3 ) npower , ( 4 ) E.ON UK ( each German-owned ) , ( 5 ) Scottish Power ( Spanish-owned ) , and ( 6 ) SSE ( listed on the LSE ) .   According to SERIS , the generation businesses of the ` Big Six ' energy firms amount to around three-quarters of British generating capacity . Three out of the ` Big Ten ' generators in the UK can probably still be categorised as majority-owned by British shareholders ; the other seven are listed firms that are owned by their many shareholders , some of whom will be British , but many of whom may not be British .   Figures from independent research group Cornwall Energy suggest that by September 2014 Britain 's big six energy companies had a 92.4 % share of the market -- a decrease from 99.8 % in 2009 .

neg: Royal Bengal Airline Aviana Airways Ltd operating as Royal Bengal Airlines was a dormant airline that operated flights in Bangladesh . The carrier , headquartered in London , was wholly owned by R B Airline UK Ltd. .

neg: Jazeera Airways Jazeera Airways K.S.C is a Kuwaiti airline with its head office on the grounds of Kuwait International Airport in Al Farwaniyah Governorate , Kuwait . It operates scheduled services in the Middle East . Its main base is Kuwait International Airport . The airline has grown since its launch to become Kuwait 's second national airline and has been dynamic in popularizing low-cost carriers in the Middle East .  Jazeera Airways is one of the largest operators at Kuwait airport , having handled a quarter of all aircraft movements and passengers at the airport during July 2009 .  According to the July 2009 report issued by Kuwait Directorate General for Civil Aviation 's , Jazeera Airways had the largest number of aircraft movement in the month with 1834 take-offs and landings , overpassing the second largest carrier in aircraft movement by 4 % .


query: Patrick Bateman is a character in fiction.

pos: American Psycho American Psycho is a novel by Bret Easton Ellis , published in 1991 . The story is told in the first person by Patrick Bateman , a serial killer and Manhattan businessman . The Observer notes that while `` some countries -LSB- deem it -RSB- so potentially disturbing that it can only be sold shrink-wrapped '' , `` critics rave about it '' and `` academics revel in its transgressive and postmodern qualities . ''   A film adaptation starring Christian Bale as Bateman was released in 2000 to generally favorable reviews . In 2008 , it was confirmed that producers David Johnson and Jesse Singer were developing a musical adaptation of the novel to appear on Broadway . The musical premiered at the Almeida Theatre , London in December 2013 .

pos: Novel A novel is any relatively long piece of written narrative fiction , normally in prose , and typically published as a book .   The genre has also been described as possessing , `` a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years '' . This view sees the novel 's origins in Classical Greece and Rome , medieval , early modern romance , and the tradition of the novella . The latter , an Italian word used to describe short stories , supplied the present generic English term in the 18th century . Ian Watt , however , in The Rise of the Novel ( 1957 ) suggests that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century ,   Miguel de Cervantes , author of Don Quixote , is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era ; the first part of Don Quixote was published in 1605 .   The romance is a closely related long prose narrative . Walter Scott defined it as `` a fictitious narrative in prose or verse ; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents '' , whereas in the novel `` the events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society '' . However , many romances , including the historical romances of Scott , Emily Brontë 's Wuthering Heights and Herman Melville 's Moby-Dick , are also frequently called novels , and Scott describes romance as a `` kindred term '' . Romance , as defined here , should not be confused with the genre fiction love romance or romance novel . Other European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel : `` a novel is le roman , der Roman , il romanzo . ''

pos: Patrick Bateman Patrick Bateman is a fictional character , the villain protagonist and narrator of the novel American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis , and its film adaptation . He is a wealthy , materialistic Wall Street investment banker who leads a double life as a serial killer . Bateman has also briefly appeared in other Ellis novels .

neg: Patrick Cavanaugh Patrick Cavanaugh is an American television actor .

neg: Batman: Anarky Batman : Anarky is a 1999 trade paperback published by DC Comics . The book collects prominent appearances of Anarky , a comic book character created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle . Although all of the collected stories were written by Alan Grant , various artists contributed to individual stories . Dual introductions were written by the creatorsboth of whom introduce the character and give insight into their role in Anarky 's creation and development .   Featured as an antagonist in various Batman comics during the '90s , stories based on the character were highly thematic , political , and philosophical in tone . The majority of the collected stories ( `` Anarky in Gotham City '' , `` Anarky : Tomorrow Belongs to Us '' , `` Anarky '' ) are influenced by the philosophy of anarchism , while the final story ( `` Metamorphosis '' ) is influenced by Frank R. Wallace . Although anti-statism is the overarching theme of the collection , other concepts are explored . Anarky 's characterization was expanded throughout the stories to present him first as a libertarian socialist and anarchist , and in the final story as a vehicle for explorations into atheism , rationalism , and bicameralism . Literary references are also utilized throughout the collected stories to stress the philosophical foundations of the character . The collection also tracks the character 's evolution from a petty , street-crime fighting vigilante , to a competent freedom fighter in opposition to powerful forces of evil .   Critics have positively received some of the stories within the collection , analyzing Anarky as a unique force for political commentary and discussion within DC Comics ' storytelling . However , the expansive growth of the character 's unique abilities and characterization has also fueled criticism as having overpowered the character beyond suspension of disbelief .

neg: Batwing (Marvel Comics) Batwing ( James `` Jimmy '' Santini ) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .

neg: Patrick Lee (novelist) Patrick Lee is an American author . He has written five novels . His first three books comprise a trilogy centered on Travis Chase , an ex-convict who becomes involved in events surrounding alien technology on Earth . His most recent two books feature a protagonist named Sam Dryden , a former soldier who encounters high-tech problems that border on the supernatural .   Lee 's first book , The Breach , was chosen for IndieBound 's Indie Next List in January of 2010 , and reached USA Today 's bestseller list the same month .

neg: Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' .   The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows :  Fiction  William Boyd - Any Human Heart  Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up !  Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated  Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal  Nick Hornby - How to Be Good  Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story  Matthew Kneale - English Passengers  Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist  Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian  Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now  Ali Smith - The Accidental  Zadie Smith - White Teeth  Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction  Pat Barker - Regeneration   Non-fiction  Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival  Niall Ferguson - Empire  Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World  Malcolm Gladwell - Blink  Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos  Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics  James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia  Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation   Crime  Donna Tartt - The Secret History  P. D. James - A Certain Justice  John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders  Alex Garland - The Beach  Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy   Travel and adventure  Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun  Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey  Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari   Biography  Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind  Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life  Jeremy Paxman - The English   Essays  Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy  Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson  Alistair Cooke - Letter from America

neg: Christopher Bateman Christopher `` Kip '' Bateman ( born October 9 , 1957 in Somerville , New Jersey ) is an American Republican Party politician , who has served in the New Jersey Senate since January 8 , 2008 , where he represents the 16th Legislative District . Bateman is the Senate 's Deputy Conference Leader and serves on the Joint Committee on the Public Schools , the Environment and Energy Committee and the Judiciary Committee .

neg: Pat Frank Pat Frank ( May 5 , 1908 -- October 12 , 1964 ) was the pen name of the American writer , newspaperman , and government consultant Harry Hart Frank . Frank 's best known work is the 1959 post-apocalyptic novel Alas , Babylon . His other books include Mr. Adam , Hold Back the Night , and Forbidden Area .

neg: Pat (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) Pat is a fictional character in Lewis Carroll 's Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland . He appears in the chapter `` The Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill . '' He works for the White Rabbit like his friend Bill the Lizard . Carroll never gives any description of the character other than being a gardener , and his species has been widely debated , with evidence showing he is likely to be a monkey or a guinea pig .   When the White Rabbit mistakes Alice for his maid , Mary Ann , she drinks from a bottle that makes her grow . The Rabbit thinks she is a monster , so he asks Pat to climb down the chimney to get the monster out of his house . Pat refuses , so the Rabbit decides to send Bill the Lizard to climb down instead . When Bill climbs down the chimney , Alice kicks him , causing him to fly out of the chimney and back into the Rabbit 's garden .

neg: Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case .   Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions .   The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .

neg: Philip Hoare Philip Hoare ( born Patrick Moore , 1958 ) is a British writer , especially of history and biography . He instigated the Moby Dick Big Read project . He is Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Southampton and Leverhulme artist-in-residence at the Marine Institute , Plymouth University , which awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2011 .

neg: Scarecrow (novel) Scarecrow is the fifth Matthew Reilly novel , and the third to feature the main character Captain Shane Schofield , USMC . It was released in 2003 .

neg: Patrick O'Kane Patrick O'Kane is an Irish actor who was born in 1965 in Belfast , Northern Ireland . He attended St Malachy 's grammar school where he discovered a love of acting and then attended Manchester University , graduating with double honours in Drama and English . This was followed by training at the Central School of Speech and Drama . He has been part of the companies of the Royal National Theatre , where he appeared in The Playboy of the Western World and Peer Gynt , and the Royal Shakespeare Company , where he played the title role in Macbeth . At the Royal Exchange Theatre , Manchester , he gave an `` eye-catching '' , `` triumphant '' performance in the title role of Christopher Marlowe 's Doctor Faustus in 2010 .   In London 's West End , he has appeared in War Horse . He played John Proctor in the Lyric Theatre , Belfast 's production of Arthur Miller 's The Crucible , opening the theatre 's new performance space in April 2011 to rave reviews and receiving a nomination for best actor in the Irish Theatre Awards for his performance .   In October 2011 O'Kane appeared to great acclaim in the lead role of `` 16 Possible Glimpses '' at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/whats_on/event/16_possible_glimpses/   In May 2012 He appeared as J. Bruce Ismay in Owen McCafferty 's Titanic ( Scenes from the British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry , 1912 ) at the newly opened MAC art 's venue in Belfast and will be performing in Owen McCafferty 's play `` Quietly '' in the Abbey Theatre in October 2012 .   In addition to his extensive stage work , O'Kane has appeared in the movies ( most recently in ` Prometheus ' ) and on television in many parts including ` Game of Thrones ' , seasons two and three of ` The Borgias ' , series nine of the popular BBC `` New Tricks '' and the upcoming BBC detective series `` The Fall '' set in Northern Ireland .   He won a Nesta Fellowship in 2005 and has released a book `` Actor 's Voices '' a series of conversations with modern actors ( Oberon Press 2012 )   He has also been in season 3 of HBO series Game of Thrones , playing as the new face of Jaqen H'ghar .

neg: Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever .   As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States .   As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . ''   Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre .  Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) .   Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: The Slaves of Solitude The Slaves of Solitude is a novel by Patrick Hamilton . It was published in 1947 and reissued by New York Review Books Classics in 2007 .

neg: Byrne: A Novel Byrne is the English author Anthony Burgess 's last novel , published posthumously in 1995 .   Composed mostly in the same ottava rima stanzas that Byron used for his Don Juan , the story follows the fortunes of Michael Byrne , an Irishman with some Spanish ancestors who settled in Ireland after a war between England 's Royal Navy and the Spanish Armada in the 16th century .   He thought he was a kind of living myth  And hence deserving of ottima rima ,  The scheme that Ariosto juggled with ,  Apt for a lecherous defective dreamer .  He 'd have preferred a stronger-muscled smith ,  Anvilling rhymes amid poetic steam , a  Sort of Lord Byron . Byron was long dead .  This poetaster had to do instead .   A painter and composer whose career is never as spectacular as his ambitions , and a determined womanizer who fathers children across the globe , Byrne becomes embroiled with the Nazi regime in 1930s Germany .   A heavy task , but there was light relief  In the Germanic ambience , boisterous , brash ,  Torchlit parades and pogroms , guttural grief  In emigration queues , the smash and crash  Of pawnshop windows by insentient beef  In uniform , the gush of beer , the splash  Of schnapps , the joy of being drunk and Aryan ,  Though Hitler was a teetotalitarian .   Eventually he vanishes , presumed dead in Africa . But years later , his twin sons , now middle-aged , one a doubting priest , the other suffering from a debilitating disease , receive from Byrne , who is still alive , an invitation to London , where he will read his last will and testament .

neg: Beta reader An alpha reader or beta reader ( also spelled alphareader / betareader , or shortened to alpha / beta ) , also pre-reader or critiquer , is a non-professional reader who reads a written work , generally fiction , with the intent of looking over the material to find and improve elements such as grammar and spelling , as well as suggestions to improve the story , its characters , or its setting . Beta reading is typically done before the story is released for public consumption . Beta readers are not explicitly proofreaders or editors , but can serve in that context .   Elements highlighted by beta readers encompass things such as plot holes , problems with continuity , characterisation or believability ; in fiction and non-fiction , the beta might also assist the author with fact-checking .

neg: Charles Bateman (actor) Charles Wilbur Bateman ( born November 18 , 1930 , San Diego , California ) is an American actor most notably recognized for roles on television from 1958 to 1991 .

neg: Batman: Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader? `` Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader ? '' is a 2009 story featuring the DC Comics character Batman . The story is published in two parts , in the `` final '' issues of the series Batman ( # 686 ) and Detective Comics ( # 853 ) , released February and April respectively . Written by Neil Gaiman , pencilled by Andy Kubert , and inked by Scott Williams , the story is purported to be the `` last '' Batman story in the wake of severe psychological trauma that Batman endures within the Batman R.I.P. story , and his ultimate fate in Final Crisis .   The story 's title is a reference to the backup stories published in DC Comics Presents from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s ( which revisited various long-unused Golden Age and Silver Age characters ; these stories were all titled `` Whatever Happened to ( x ) ? '' ) akin to writer Alan Moore 's `` last '' Superman story Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow ? .

neg: Speculative fiction Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre encompassing narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements . This includes the genres science fiction , fantasy , horror and supernatural fiction , as well as their combinations . The broader usage of the term is attributed to Robert Heinlein , who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay , although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction or its variant `` speculative literature '' .


query: The Jackson family included La Toya Jackson.

pos: Jackson family The Jackson family is an American family of singers who originated in Gary , Indiana . Performing as members of The Jackson 5 and as solo artists , the children of Joseph Walter and Katherine Esther Jackson were very successful in the field of popular music from the late 1960s onwards . As a group , the eldest sons Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , Marlon , Randy and Michael , made the family 's reputation , facilitating the subsequent success of siblings Rebbie , La Toya , and Janet . The Jackson 5 became known as the `` First Family of Soul '' ( a title first held by the Five Stairsteps ) . The continued success of Michael and Janet 's careers as solo artists led the Jacksons to become known as the `` Royal Family of Pop '' . All nine of the Jackson siblings have gold records to their credits with La Toya holding the distinction of being the first Jackson sister to attain one ( awarded by France 's SNEP for `` Reggae Night '' , a song she co-wrote for Jimmy Cliff ) .   In recent years , certain members of the family have been honored for their work ; in 1997 The Jackson 5 was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Michael would follow the group to the hall in 2001 . The Jacksons , Michael and Janet all received stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1980 , 1984 and 1990 respectively . In 2009 a new series from A&E entitled The Jacksons : A Family Dynasty premiered documenting the Jackson brothers dealing with the sudden loss of Michael and preparing for a Jackson 5 Reunion tour .

neg: The Pleasure Principle (song) `` The Pleasure Principle '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson , recorded for her third studio album , Control ( 1986 ) . It was written by and produced by Monte Moir , and was released as the sixth single from the album on May 12 , 1987 by A&M Records . `` The Pleasure Principle '' is an `` independent woman '' anthem about love gone wrong built around a dance beat . The photo for the single cover was shot by fashion photographer David LaChapelle .   The accompanying music video for `` The Pleasure Principle '' was directed by Dominic Sena . It depicts Jackson entering a loft wearing only a T-shirt and jeans to practice her dancing . The video was seen by critics as iconic , and was nominated at two categories at the 1988 MTV Video Music Awards , eventually winning one . `` The Pleasure Principle '' was performed on many of Jackson 's tours , most recently on her 2015-2016 Unbreakable World Tour . The song was also performed on some promotional appearances , including at the 2006 Billboard Music Awards . In 2008 , Jackson 's lingerie line was named after the song . It has been included in two of Jackson 's greatest hits albums , Design of a Decade : 1986 -- 1996 ( 1995 ) and Number Ones ( 2009 ) .

neg: The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .

neg: Come Back to Me (Janet Jackson song) `` Come Back to Me '' is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her fourth studio album Janet Jackson 's Rhythm Nation 1814 ( 1989 ) . It was written by Jackson , while James Harris III , and Terry Lewis co-wrote and produced the song . The R&B ballad talks about a lover trying to rekindle a romance that faded away a long time ago . It was released as the fifth single from the album in June 18 , 1990 . Jackson also recorded a Spanish version of the song titled `` Vuelve a Mí '' .   The song received positive reviews from most music critics , who praised Jackson 's sweet delivery and the song 's instrumentation ; it was also called a sexy and silky ballad . It became a commercial success on the charts , reaching the top three in Canada and the United States , while also reaching the top twenty in the United Kingdom . The music video for the song was directed by Dominic Sena and it was set in Paris . The romantic video features Jackson 's former husband René Elizondo , Jr. . Jackson has performed the track in all of her tours , with the exception of The Velvet Rope Tour ( 1998 ) .

neg: Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status .   The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture .   `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .

neg: Joe Jackson Joe Jackson or Joseph Jackson may refer to :

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures .   There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' .   Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .

neg: Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour) The Victory Tour was a concert tour of the United States and Canada by Michael Jackson and The Jackson family between July and December 1984 . It was the first and only tour with all six Jackson brothers ( even though Jackie was injured for most of the tour ) . The group performed 55 concerts to an audience of approximately 2 million . Most came to see Michael , whose album Thriller was dominating the popular music world at the time . Many consider it to be his Thriller tour , with most of the songs on the set list coming off of his Off the Wall album and from the Thriller album . The tour reportedly grossed approximately $ 75 million ( US$ in dollars ) and set a new record for the highest grossing tour . It showcased Michael 's single decorated glove , black sequined jacket and moonwalk .   Despite its focus on Michael , it was named after the newly released Jacksons ' album Victory although none of the album 's songs were performed . Marlon confirmed this was because Michael refused to rehearse or perform them ; in fact , he had only reluctantly joined his brothers , who needed the income while he himself did not . On the tour , tensions between Michael and his brothers increased to the point that he announced at the final show that it would be the last time they would perform together , ending plans for a European leg .   The Jacksons did make money from the tour , along with promoter Don King . Michael donated his share to several charities as he had promised before it , but the rancour between him and his brothers had a deep and lasting effect on the Jacksons as a family , alienating him from them for most of his later life and it effectively ended the Jacksons as a performing group . The tour was also a financial disaster for promoter Chuck Sullivan , who along with his father Billy was eventually forced to sell the New England Patriots football team they owned , along with Foxboro Stadium , the team 's home field , as a result of the losses he incurred .

neg: Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' .   Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography .   Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour .   The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' .   On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland .   Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .

neg: Enjoy Yourself (The Jacksons song) `` Enjoy Yourself '' is a song recorded by The Jacksons and released as a single in 1976 and peaking in early 1977 . Featuring Michael and Jackie Jackson on lead vocals , it was the first non-Motown single for the group since they departed from the label earlier that year . The song peaked at # 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on February 19 , 1977 . On other US charts , `` Enjoy Yourself '' peaked at # 2 on the Hot Soul Singles chart , and # 33 on the National Disco Action Top 40 chart . On February 14 , 1989 , it became the group 's first single to be certified Platinum by the RIAA . It was also the group 's first song to feature new member Randy Jackson , who replaced Jermaine when he decided to stay at Motown after his brothers left . It also featured backing vocals from sisters Janet and La Toya , who would also launch successful solo careers . The song is sampled on the track `` Let 's Have a Party '' by the Backstreet Boys , which appears on their 1996 self-titled debut album . The song is credited to Philadelphia songwriters/producers Gamble and Huff ; however , a session musician from Gamble and Huff 's in-house band recalled that the late guitarist T.J. Tindall wrote the riff that was the initial spark for the song .   A music video was produced to promote the single , for this was the Jacksons ' very first video . It features the five brothers wearing white suits and dancing on a stage . It was released on DVD for the bonus disc of Michael Jackson 's Vision .

neg: Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio .   Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . ''   During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation .   Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''

neg: Torture (The Jacksons song) `` Torture '' is the second single released off the album Victory by the band , The Jacksons . Written by Jackie Jackson and fellow Motown veteran Kathy Wakefield , the song is about someone ending a relationship and the torture that a person can receive while trying to end it . Jackie was originally going to sing the song with his brother , Michael , but Jackie 's role instead went to Jermaine Jackson , whose availability for the album was in question until the last minute . The rest of the Jacksons sang the chorus along with Michael and Jermaine .   The song received mixed reactions from critics . The video was probably best known for Michael not being available , and the use of a wax dummy in his place throughout the video . Paula Abdul replaced Perri Lister as the video 's choreographer , in which various scenes of torture are displayed with the Jacksons being on the receiving end of most of it . The shoot was an expensive and arduous affair that neither Michael nor Jermaine took part in , and it ultimately bankrupted the production company . The song peaked at # 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the second best selling single on the album , behind `` State of Shock '' . It also peaked at # 26 on the UK charts . This was their last single to reach the US Top 40 .

neg: Jackie Jackson (album) Jackie Jackson is the self-titled debut album from Jackie Jackson , the eldest member of The Jackson 5 , released on Motown Records . It was arranged by Eddy Manson , Gene Page and The Corporation .   Released on October 14 , 1973 , the album suffered from a lack of promotion and did not chart . It was his only full-length solo release for more than 15 years and his only solo album with Motown .   `` Love Do n't Want to Leave '' has appeared on several Jackson 5 compilations ( including Anthology 76 , Anthology 86 and Soulsation ! ) , but the other tracks only appeared on the 33 rpm vinyl LP , which ranks among the more obscure releases in the Jackson family catalogue . The album features background vocals from the Jackson 5 on `` Did n't I ( Blow Your Mind This Time ) '' and the B-side opener `` Do I Owe '' .   `` Is It Him or Me '' was sampled by Nas for his song `` War '' on his Street 's Disciple album .

neg: A Collection of Michael Jackson's Oldies A Collection of Michael Jackson 's Oldies is a compilation of the Motown Records released on December 8 , 1972 , with songs by Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5 that were made between 1969 and 1972 . It was only published in the United States .

neg: Jackson Barnett Jackson Barnett ( 1 January 1856 -- 29 May 1934 ) was an Oklahoma landowner of the Muscogee or Creek people , who became known as `` the world 's richest Indian '' when oil wells on his land produced as much as $ 24 million worth of oil starting in 1912 . Barnett 's 12.5 % royalty share was worth between $ 3 million and $ 4 million , but due to Barnett 's illiteracy and a court finding that Barnett was legally incompetent from a head injury , his money was administered by the Creek County courts and the U.S. Department of the Interior until 1920 .   Jackson was the son of a mixed Creek farmer , Siah Barnett , and a Creek woman named Thlesothle . Orphaned at an early age , he was raised by his mother 's relatives . He suffered a head injury after falling from a horse as a young man . As a result of the Curtis Act of 1898 , Barnett received title to 160 acre in Creek County in 1903 , but the land was administered in trust by the Department of the Interior . During the same decade , Barnett was a supporter of the Crazy Snake Rebellion .   With the discovery of oil on Barnett 's lands in 1912 , a series of court actions by interested parties litigated the control of Barnett 's trust . Barnett was declared incompetent and denied access to his affairs simply because he only spoke the Muscogee Creek language and not English . Barnett was permitted a modest income and was installed in a house near Henryetta . In 1919 the courts allowed the diversion of money from Barnett 's trust to the construction of the `` Jackson Barnett Hospital '' in Henryetta . In 1920 Barnett , then in his seventies , married Anna Laura Lowe ( 1881-1952 ) , a fortune hunter whom he had met only once before . The couple had to marry in Kansas after a marriage license was denied in Oklahoma . Barnett 's guardians were unable to annul the marriage and the hospital plans were never pursued . Instead , the trust was divided between Anna Barnett and Bacone Indian College .   The Barnetts moved to Los Angeles and bought a mansion on Wilshire Boulevard , where Jackson passed his time directing traffic at a nearby intersection . Legal actions continued from 1923 to 1929 , which provoked congressional hearings on the role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in establishing and administering the Barnett trust and others like it . The hearings led to criticism of BIA administrator Charles H. Burke 's actions , and during the 1930s , to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 . In 1927 Barnett v. Equitable again proclaimed Jackson Barnett incompetent in federal court . In March 1934 another federal ruling annulled the Barnetts ' marriage and Anna Barnett 's rights to Jackson 's trust on the grounds that Jackson had been `` kidnapped '' by a woman of suspect moral character , but allowed Anna to act as Jackson 's caretaker . Jackson Barnett died on 29 May 1934 of natural causes : allegations that Anna had poisoned him were found to be false .   Anna was finally evicted from the Wilshire Boulevard residence after four years , even though she had gained significant support from Los Angeles society , including Los Angeles District Attorney Burton Fitts and California Governor Frank Merriam . Anna had to be tear-gassed after she threw a hatchet during the eviction , and lived the remainder of her life with a daughter while unsuccessfully attempting to regain a share of the Barnett estate , which amounted to $ 3.5 million in 1934 ( $ 55.4 million estimated value in 2012 dollars ) . In 1982 the Jackson Barnett No. 11 Oil Well , the most productive well on Barnett 's lands , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places .

neg: Millie Jackson (album) Millie Jackson is the self-titled debut album by singer-songwriter , Millie Jackson . This album is different from all her other album to follow in that this album features some Motown style songs . It includes the R&B hits `` A Child of God ( It 's Hard to Believe ) '' , `` My Man , A Sweet Man '' and `` Ask Me What You Want . '' The album was arranged by Tony Camillo and Bert de Coteaux .   In 2006 , Ace Records in the UK digitally remastered this album ( along with four other best-selling Millie Jackson albums ) and released it on CD with bonus tracks and extensive liner notes .

neg: Milt Jackson Milton `` Milt '' Jackson , also known as `` Bags '' , ( January 1 , 1923 -- October 9 , 1999 ) was an American jazz vibraphonist , usually thought of as a bebop player , although he performed in several jazz idioms . He is especially remembered for his cool swinging solos as a member of the Modern Jazz Quartet and his penchant for collaborating with several hard bop and post-bop players .   A very expressive player , Jackson differentiated himself from other vibraphonists in his attention to variations on harmonics and rhythm . He was particularly fond of the twelve-bar blues at slow tempos . He preferred to set the vibraphone 's oscillator to a low 3.3 revolutions per second ( as opposed to Lionel Hampton 's speed of 10 revolutions per second ) for a more subtle vibrato . On occasion , Jackson sang and played piano professionally .

neg: Smooth Criminal `` Smooth Criminal '' is the seventh single from American recording artist Michael Jackson 's 1987 Bad album . The song contains a fast-paced beat intertwined with Jackson 's lyrics about a woman named Annie , who has been violently attacked in her apartment by a `` smooth '' assailant . First broadcast on television as a video in early October , it was released as a single on October 21 , 1988 , and peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was re-released on April 10 , 2006 , as a part of the Visionary : The Video Singles box set . The re-released Visionary single charted at number 19 in the UK . The song is one of Jackson 's signature songs , and has appeared on numerous greatest hits albums , including Number Ones , The Essential Michael Jackson , Michael Jackson : The Ultimate Collection , King of Pop , This Is It , and Immortal .   The song serves as the theme song to Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker , and plays as the background soundtrack in a section of the video game Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker .

neg: Just a Little While `` Just a Little While '' is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson , released as the lead single from her eighth studio album , Damita Jo ( 2004 ) . Written by Jackson and Dallas Austin , the song fuses pop with elements of rock , dance , and funk , and is a reflection of Jackson 's new-found happiness . The song leaked ahead of its scheduled release , causing Jackson 's record company to rush with a music video and promotion . It was released following Jackson 's controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident on February 2 , 2004 , as the lead single from Damita Jo .   `` Just a Little While '' received favorable reception from critics , who felt its elements of rock and dance-pop would ensure success . However , following the Super Bowl incident , Jackson 's singles and music videos were blacklisted on many radio formats and music channels worldwide , affecting the song 's performance . Although its success in the US was limited , peaking at number 45 on the Billboard Hot 100 , it peaked atop the Hot Dance Club Songs chart . Internationally , it was more successful , reaching the top ten in Belgium , Canada , and Spain and the top twenty in Australia and The United Kingdom . It peaked at number one in Japan for five weeks , and was the year 's second-biggest hit on Japan 's international airplay chart .   The song 's music video , directed by Dave Meyers , was released exclusively in international territories due to the controversy surrounding Jackson at the time . It portrays Jackson filming a DVD for her boyfriend in a futuristic apartment setting , displaying her multiple personae . An alternate live video , filmed in London , was included on Jackson 's From janet . to Damita Jo compilation . Jackson performed the song on television shows including Top of the Pops , Hey ! Hey ! Hey ! , and Festivalbar .

neg: Jamaican Americans Jamaican Americans are Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry . The largest proportion of Jamaicans live in New York City , which has various other Caribbean cultural elements such as food and music . There are also communities of Jamaican Americans residing in Philadelphia , Boston , South Florida , Tampa , Los Angeles , Orlando , Baltimore , Washington , D.C. , Atlanta , Cleveland , Western New York , Connecticut , and New Jersey .   After 1838 , European colonies in the Caribbean with expanding sugar industries imported large numbers of immigrants to meet their acute labor shortage . Large numbers of Jamaicans were recruited to work in Panama and Costa Rica in the 1850s . After slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865 , American planters imported temporary workers , called `` swallow migrants '' , to harvest crops on an annual basis . These workers , many of them Jamaicans , returned to their countries after harvest . Between 1881 and the beginning of World War I , the United States recruited over 250,000 workers from the Caribbean , 90,000 of whom were Jamaicans , to work on the Panama Canal . During both world wars , the United States again recruited Jamaican men for service on various American bases in the region . The vast majority of Jamaican American are of black Afro-Caribbean descent .

neg: Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s .   Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it .   The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .