query: Maynard James Keenan had nothing to do with A Perfect Circle.

pos: Maynard James Keenan Maynard James Keenan ( born James Herbert Keenan ; April 17 , 1964 ) , often referred to by his initials MJK , is an American musician , record producer , winemaker , and actor , best known as the vocalist for Grammy Award-winning progressive metal band Tool . He is originally from Ohio , but spent his high school and college years in Michigan . After serving in the United States Army in the early 1980s , he attended Kendall College of Art and Design in Grand Rapids . He moved to Los Angeles , California in 1988 to pursue a career in interior design and set construction . Shortly thereafter , he formed the band Tool with Adam Jones .   Keenan is also the lead singer of A Perfect Circle . In 2003 , he created Puscifer as a side project and has subsequently released three studio albums . Since rising to fame , Keenan has been noted as being a recluse ; however , he does emerge to support charitable causes .   In addition to his music career , he has performed improvisational sketch comedy and ventured into acting . He currently owns Merkin Vineyards and the associated winery , Caduceus Cellars , which are located in Arizona , where he lives . Among other business ventures , he is a partner in the Los Angeles restaurant Cobras & Matadors , and also owns an organic produce market in Cornville , Arizona , which features a food court and a tasting room for his wines .

neg: Don Maynard Donald Rogers Maynard ( born January 25 , 1935 ) is a former American football player who played professionally in the National Football League ( NFL ) with the New York Giants and St. Louis Cardinals ; the American Football League ( AFL ) with the New York Jets ; and the World Football League ( WFL ) with the Shreveport Steamer .

neg: Lazy (Deep Purple song) `` Lazy '' is a song by Deep Purple from their 1972 album Machine Head . A live performance of the song can be found on the album Made in Japan , released later the same year .   The song starts out as an instrumental , keyboardist Jon Lord plays an overdriven Hammond organ intro , followed by the main riff and with the solo swapping between him and guitarist Ritchie Blackmore . Vocalist Ian Gillan comes in with the vocals later in the song . He also uses harmonica both on the studio version and live . At over 7 minutes long , it is the longest track on the album , and live versions were often extended past 10 minutes .   The live version on Made in Japan features a theme from Hugo Alfvén 's `` Swedish Rhapsody # 1 '' , played by Ritchie Blackmore as a part of his solo . Additionally , Jon Lord includes the riff from the C Jam Blues in the intro .  Ritchie Blackmore would sometimes include the main riff from `` Lazy '' in live performances of the song `` Man on the Silver Mountain '' by Rainbow . Gillan defined the song as rhythm and blues .   Later live performances after the band 's reunion in 1984 tended to be much shorter , cutting out the intro and one of the verses . However , more recent performances with Steve Morse have gone back to the original arrangement .   Readers of Guitar World voted `` Lazy '' the 74th greatest guitar solo of all time .   Sections of this song were often used in Australia on the Channel 9 Wide World of Sports program when cutting to an ad .   Jesse Gress , writing for Guitar Player magazine , noted that Ritchie Blackmore 's `` bluesy head to ` Lazy ' ( from Deep Purple 's Machine Head ) fondly paraphrases Slowhand 's -LSB- Clapton 's -RSB- Bluesbreaker-era showcase ` Steppin ' Out ' right down to the same style of third-position swing-sixteenth G blues riffing '' .

neg: Guitar battle A guitar battle ( or guitar duel ) is where two or more guitar players take turns soloing , either with or without a rhythm section . The purpose of the guitar battle is to determine who among each of the guitar players present is the most proficient on the instrument . Often , it begins with the guitarists trading licks and phrases , while gradually increasing the complexity of the technique used . A guitar battle can be said to be over when one guitarist outplays ( either through skill , endurance or the other guitarist ( s ) acknowledging that they can not win ) all the other guitar players present . This is also known among guitarists as a head-cutting duel or simply as cutting heads .

neg: Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts .   In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick .   In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label .   UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently .   Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music .   Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .

neg: By and Down `` By and Down '' is a single by alternative rock band A Perfect Circle in 2013 . The track represented the first studio material from the band in almost a decade 's time . The studio version appears on the band 's greatest hits album , Three Sixty , while a live version appears on their live box-set A Perfect Circle Live : Featuring Stone and Echo , both released in 2013 . The song peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart .

neg: Circle of Life `` Circle of Life '' is a song from Disney 's 1994 animated film The Lion King . Composed by Elton John , with lyrics by Tim Rice , the song was performed by Carmen Twillie ( the deep female lead vocals ) and Lebo M. ( opening Zulu vocals ) as the film 's opening song . In an interview , Rice said he was amazed at the speed with which John composed : `` I gave him the lyrics at the beginning of the session at about two in the afternoon . By half-past three , he 'd finished writing and recording a stunning demo . '' Elton John sang a pop version of the song with the London Community Gospel Choir , which was included in the film 's soundtrack and made into a music video . `` Circle of Life '' was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song in 1994 , along with two other songs from The Lion King : `` Hakuna Matata '' and `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' which won the award .   The song reached # 11 in the UK and # 18 in the United States and is featured frequently in attractions based on The Lion King , such as Disney theme parks and parades . Michael Crawford sang it as part of a medley for The Disney Album in 2001 .

neg: Constantinople Records Constantinople Records is an upstart record label created by Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins . Little is known about the label and no official website or company exists . The US Patent Office 's website listed the label as being trademarked by Corgan . When word of the label was made public , a domain name was registered but no website ever appeared . After one year the URL had expired .   The label was ultimately created to only release the album by The Smashing Pumpkins : `` Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music '' and the EPs that were associated with it , because Corgan 's relationship with Virgin Records had deteriorated . Virgin had refused to release Machina and Machina II as a double album , and when Machina sold poorly , refused entirely to release the sequel . Since the band was breaking up at the time , Corgan decided to release Machina II for free download on the internet . Only twenty-five vinyl copies were pressed , and were shipped via FedEx to several prominent fans in the online community , with instructions to immediately redistribute it on the Internet free of charge .

neg: Counting Bodies Like Sheep to the Rhythm of the War Drums `` Counting Bodies Like Sheep to the Rhythm of the War Drums '' is a promotional single by the American rock band A Perfect Circle , off of their third studio album Emotive . While the album primarily consists of cover songs , the track , along with the song lead single `` Passive '' , were the only two original recordings . Containing many lyrical similarities with the track `` Pet '' , from the previous album , Thirteenth Step , lead singer and lyricist Maynard James Keenan described the track as a continuation of the song . While the former refers to addiction , `` Counting Bodies '' focuses on political agendas . Mixed by Danny Lohner , the music is completely electronic and without any guitars . The song was used in numerous trailers and TV spots for movies , TV shows and video games including Fantastic Four , The Taking of Pelham 123 , Rage , Missing , Gotham and House of Cards ( U.S. TV series ) in addition to the promo for UFC 167 : St-Pierre vs Hendricks PPV .

neg: Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics .   Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity .   The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .

neg: Steel Train Steel Train was an indie rock band from New Jersey . They have toured with The Juliana Theory , Tegan and Sara , Girl in a Coma , Ben Folds , The Fray , Silversun Pickups , Hanson , The Format , Gomez , O.A.R. , Something Corporate , Jack 's Mannequin , Barenaked Ladies , fun . and others . Other highlights include performances at Bonnaroo , Lollapalooza , Coachella , Late Night with Conan O'Brien , and Late Show with David Letterman . On November 13 , 2012 , Jack Antonoff announced on his tumblr that `` there are no immediate plans to get things up and running again , '' and that the band would have a final show at the Bowery Ballroom on January 5 , 2013 . They returned for the Shadow of the City festival in 2016 .

neg: Sonny Dae and His Knights Sonny Dae and His Knights was an American vocal and instrumental group in the early 1950s . The group was the first to record the hit song `` Rock Around the Clock '' .   The group comprised Italian-American singer Sonny Dae ( real name Paschall Salvatore Vennitti , May 24 , 1928 -- February 1987 ) , pianist Hal Hogan , guitarist Art Buono , and Mark Bennett . It was a novelty group that billed itself as `` instrumental , vocal and fun makers '' , and had a regular slot on the Old Dominion Barn Dance radio show in Richmond , Virginia .   `` Rock Around the Clock '' was apparently co-authored by James E. Myers ( using the pseudonym Jimmy DeKnight ) , and was performed in stage shows in 1953 by his client Bill Haley . However , Haley 's record company , Essex Records , initially refused to allow him to record it , because the company owner , Dave Miller , detested Myers and refused to allow his songs to be released on the label . Instead , Myers ' business partner Jack Howard offered the song to Sonny Dae and His Knights , who released it in Philadelphia on 20 March 1954 ( recorded , according to some other sources , late in 1953 ) . '' ( We 're Gon na ) Rock Around The Clock To-night ! '' was copyrighted on 31 March 1953 in the U.S.Library Of Congress .   The recording was released on Howard 's Arcade label , and reviewed by Billboard in the R&B section . But the record achieved only modest local success . The B-side was an instrumental with accompanying vocals , `` Moving Guitar '' , written by S. Dae , A. Buono and M. Bennett . Haley then recorded his version of ` Rock Around the Clock ' on 12 April 1954 , following which it eventually became a massive worldwide hit .   Sonny Dae & His Knights is not known to have made any other recordings .

neg: Kaleidoscope (newspaper) Kaleidoscope was an underground newspaper that was published in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . Founded by John Kois , radio disk jockey Bob Reitman , and John Sahli ( a member of The Shags ) , it was published from October 6 , 1967 to November 11 , 1971 , printing 105 biweekly issues in all . The paper 's first issue was printed with a borrowed $ 250 in an edition of 3500 copies , which sold out in two days .   In the first anniversary issue of Kaleidoscope a brief history of the paper 's origins appeared :  ' `` The need for a Milwaukee-based underground newspaper was apparent early in 1967 . It was talked about , tentative plans made and loose alliances formed , throughout the spring and summer , but nothing definite was done until July , when George Richard , a happy man of business , offered to underwrite the first issue . The first `` staff '' meeting was held in the Knickerbocker Coffee Shop . It was quite a crew : Bob Reitman , cemetery managing rock freak poet ; John Sahli , industrial designing former gentle Shag ; and John Kois , drifter free lance writer recently escaped from the coast . '' '   From its first issue , Kaleidoscope was subject to censorship attempts , including arrest of vendors in some suburbs and a drive to put its printer out of business ; one case went to the U.S. Supreme Court ( after the newspaper had folded ) , which ruled in Kois v. Wisconsin that the newspaper 's publication of two photos and a poem entitled `` Sex Poem '' in an article about censorship did not constitute obscenity . `` One of the requirements to get on this paper , '' John Kois told a reporter for Rolling Stone , `` is that you have to dig fucking and doping . ''   Kaleidoscope was an affiliate of the Liberation News Service ( LNS ) and Underground Press Syndicate ( UPS ) . It finally succumbed after four years to a combination of financial pressures , internal factionalism and burn-out . The 1971 death of printer Bill Schanen , who withstood a boycott of his printing business after he started printing the undergrounds on his presses , may also have been a factor in the paper 's demise . Schanen 's son continued to print the paper but refused to extend any more credit . With the paper $ 15,000 in debt to 42 creditors , and revenues sinking fast , it soon folded .   At various times , Kaleidoscope also published several sister papers around the upper Midwest : the Chicago Kaleidoscope ( first issue dated Nov. 22-Dec . 5 1968 , later merged with the Chicago Seed ) ; Omaha Kaleidoscope ; Fox Valley Kaleidoscope ( based in Oshkosh , Wisconsin ) , and the Madison Kaleidoscope . There was also a short-lived affiliate in Indianapolis . These papers shared a common printer ( Bill Schanen in Port Washington , Wisconsin ) , and sold advertising space to national advertisers that ran in all the active papers of the chain . Each ran local and hard news in a front section which was combined with a shared second section edited in Milwaukee , containing less parochial material ( mostly arts and culture ) derived or reprinted from national and syndicated sources . This latter `` Part II '' was also sold to other underground newspapers to be used as a supplement to their local content . Advertising revenue from this source was greatly diminished starting in 1969 after the FBI allegedly pressured advertisers such as Columbia Records to quit running advertisements in the underground press ; although some observers have also attributed the sharp falloff in record company advertising which was experienced by all of the underground press to the rise of specialized rock music papers like Rolling Stone.Kaleidoscope also operated two peripheral businesses in Milwaukee : the Granfalloon coffeehouse , and the Interabang bookstore at 1668 N. Warren Ave.   After Kaleidoscope ceased publication in late 1971 a number of staffers joined the Bugle-American '' . Kois ended up working for Al Goldstein 's Screw magazine . Reitman continued to work as a radio personality in Milwaukee , where he is still on the radio one night a week as of June 2016 .

neg: Hollywood (Circle album) Hollywood is the thirty-second album by Finnish experimental rock band Circle .   Arguably their most overtly heavy metal album , it features vocals and guitar from Bruce Duff from the band Jesters of Destiny . The band 's relationship with Duff began when Jussi Lehtisalo re-released Jesters ' album Fun at the Funeral on his Ektro Records label . Following on from Duff 's first collaboration with the band , Earthworm in 2006 ( two tracks from that release , Connection and Earthworm , re-appear here ) , the American performer takes centre stage on Hollywood , which is named after his hometown . Final track Suddenly , part of a three-song suite called Requiem in D Minor , re-uses the music from the track Murheenkryyni which appears on the band 's last two albums , Rakennus and Triumph .

neg: Not in This Lifetime... Tour The Not in This Lifetime ... tour is an ongoing series of concerts by hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , featuring classic lineup members Axl Rose , Slash and Duff McKagan , marking the first time since the Use Your Illusion Tour in 1993 that the three performed together .   After the previous tour in 2014 , guitarists DJ Ashba & Ron `` Bumblefoot '' Thal , bassist Tommy Stinson and keyboardist Chris Pitman left Guns N ' Roses , leaving the band with several open spots . Former members Slash and McKagan rejoined the band and Melissa Reese joined as keyboardist . The group embarked on the world tour that spanned several continents , with 118 shows performed or scheduled so far . The group welcomed former drummer Steven Adler to the stage for several shows as a guest spot , the first time he had played with the group since 1990 . The tour was a financial success and has grossed over $ 230 million to date , and was the highest earning per-show concert tour of 2016 , and the fourth highest grossing .

neg: Nothing More Nothing More is an American rock/metal band formed in 2003 from San Antonio , Texas , United States . The current members are vocalist/additional drummer Jonny Hawkins , lead guitarist Mark Vollelunga , bassist Daniel Oliver and their newest drummer , Ben Anderson . The ensemble has released six studio albums to date , including their self-titled album released in 2014 . The lead single off their self-titled debut , entitled `` This is the Time ( Ballast ) '' , hit number 1 on the Mediabase Active Rock chart and number 2 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart .

neg: Don Keenan Don C. Keenan ( born 1951 ) is an Atlanta , Georgia-based trial lawyer and author . He is the head partner in the Keenan Law Firm , which specializes in cases involving children , including injury , medical malpractice , and wrongful death .   He is most noted for his lawsuits regarding the conditions of foster care in the state of Georgia , which have led to changes in state law regarding abuse in foster families . Keenan served as the national president of the American Board of Trial Advocates and from 1997-1998 as president of the Inner Circle of Advocates . Keenan has won 115 settlements of over $ 1 million .   Keenan was featured in Time magazine on November 5 , 2000 , in ABA Journal in April 2007 , on The O'Reilly Factor on March 15 , 2005 , and on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 2000 , where he was named among Winfrey 's `` People Who Have the Courage . '' In 2003 , Emory University granted him a Career Achievement Award in the field of public policy and child advocacy .  In 2006 , he published 365 Ways To Keep Kids Safe , a book of his advice for child safety .

neg: The Battle Rages On... The Battle Rages On ... is the fourteenth studio album by the British hard rock band Deep Purple , released in 1993 . It is the last album recorded with the band 's classic Mk II line-up , which reunited for a second time ( the first reunion being for 1984 's Perfect Strangers ) . Ian Gillan returned to the band in late 1992 and had to rework much of the material already existing for the album , which had been intended for Joe Lynn Turner . After being fired from the band , Turner would admit Ritchie Blackmore referred to it as `` The cattle grazes on '' . Blackmore became infuriated at the non-melodic elements and quit mid tour after the show of 17 November in Helsinki , Finland . American guitarist Joe Satriani joined Deep Purple as a temporary replacement for the duration of the tour . A handful of working tracks written during The Battle Rages On ... sessions would turn up on subsequent solo releases by Turner , under different titles .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: No Doubt No Doubt is an American rock band from Anaheim , California , that formed in 1986 . Since 1994 , the group has consisted of vocalist Gwen Stefani , bassist and keyboardist Tony Kanal , guitarist and keyboardist Tom Dumont , and drummer Adrian Young . Since the mid-1990s in live performances and the studio , they have been supported by keyboardist and trombonist Gabrial McNair and keyboardist and trumpeter Stephen Bradley .   The ska sound of their song `` Trapped in a Box '' ( 1992 ) that was featured on their first album No Doubt ( 1992 ) failed to make an impact . The Beacon Street Collection ( 1993 ) is a raw expression of their sound , inspired by ska punk and released independently by the band under their own record label . The album sold over 100,000 copies in 1995 , over three times as many as their first album . The band 's diamond-certified album Tragic Kingdom ( 1995 ) helped launch the third-wave ska revival of the 1990s , and `` Do n't Speak '' , the third single from the album , set a record when it spent 16 weeks at the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart .   The group 's next album , Return of Saturn ( 2000 ) , despite its Top 40 hit single `` Simple Kind of Life '' , did not match the success of their previous album but received critical praise and was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 43rd Grammy Awards . Fifteen months later , the band reappeared with Rock Steady ( 2001 ) , which incorporated reggae and dancehall music into their work . The album was primarily recorded in Jamaica and featured collaborations with Jamaican artists Bounty Killer , Sly and Robbie , and Lady Saw . The album produced two Grammy-winning singles , `` Hey Baby '' and `` Underneath It All '' . Hella Good was also nominated for a Grammy award . On 22 November 2002 , No Doubt received the Key to the City of Anaheim , given by the Mayor of Anaheim , Tom Daly , in Disneyland during the band 's appearance on ` Breakfast with Kevin and Bean ' ( KROQ-FM ) where they performed five songs . After a 2004 tour the band embarked on solo projects , with Stefani releasing two successful solo albums Love . Angel . Music . Baby . ( 2004 ) and The Sweet Escape ( 2006 ) while Tom Dumont released his own solo music project , Invincible Overlord . In 2008 , the band resumed working slowly on their sixth effort , titled Push and Shove ( 2012 ) , and released their single `` Settle Down '' . They have sold over 33 million records worldwide .

neg: Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary On May 14 , 1988 , the Atlantic Records label held its 40th Anniversary Celebration by staging a non-stop concert lasting almost 13 hours at Madison Square Garden , New York . The event was dubbed `` It 's Only Rock And Roll '' .   Only artists who had released material on the Atlantic label in the United States performed , with the artists spanning the 40 years of the company 's existence . Lavern Baker and Ruth Brown were the longest tenured Atlantic acts to perform , while Debbie Gibson was the most recent Atlantic signing to make an appearance at the event .   Some Atlantic signings , who had either officially split up or who had not performed together for a number of years , re-formed especially to perform at the concert . These artists included The Rascals , Iron Butterfly , and the former members of Led Zeppelin . Other notable performers included Yes , Genesis , Crosby , Stills & Nash , Keith Emerson and Carl Palmer ( representing Emerson , Lake & Palmer ) , Foreigner , Paul Rodgers , Bob Geldof , Booker T. Jones , Wilson Pickett , The Coasters , The Spinners , Peabo Bryson , The Blues Brothers ( featuring Dan Aykroyd and Sam Moore ) , Roberta Flack , The Manhattan Transfer , Bee Gees , Ben E. King and Vanilla Fudge .   There had been plans to close the performance with a greatest hits all-star jam , but this idea was shelved . Instead , the former members of Led Zeppelin performed as the last act .   The concert was broadcast live in the US on FM radio and HBO television , commentary for the latter being provided backstage by comedian Robert Townsend . HBO commenced its live broadcast a few hours into the event and interspersed footage of the concert which had been taped earlier by the network . In so doing , some of the artists ' sets were edited or omitted . An edited version aired later that year on ABC hosted by Robert Hays . Several banners heralding the reunion of Led Zeppelin band members were displayed like tapestry by excited fans , but , to their dismay , were taken down before HBO went with their live feed . The Audio was recorded by David Hewitt and Stanley Johnston on the Record Plant Black Truck .   In the United Kingdom the event was broadcast over a period of four weeks by BBC 2 , presented as hour-long episodes . Atlantic Records later released this production on video under the title Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary : It 's Only Rock 'n' Roll . The release intercut concert footage with highlights from earlier performances , as well as older footage from the Atlantic archives .


query: Ethiopia has a settlement that is the hottest in the world.

pos: Ethiopia Ethiopia ( -LSB- ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə -RSB- ኢትዮጵያ , , ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ , yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk ) , is a country located in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast , Djibouti and Somalia to the east , Sudan and South Sudan to the west , and Kenya to the south . With over 100 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world , as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria . It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 km2 , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa .   Some of the oldest evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC , Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history . During the first centuries AD , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . Ethiopia derived prestige with its uniquely successful military resistance during the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , becoming the only African country to defeat a European colonial power and retain its sovereignty . Subsequently , many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopia 's flag following their independence . It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations . In 1974 , at the end of Haile Selassie 's reign , power fell to a communist military dictatorship known as the Derg , backed by the Soviet Union , until it was defeated by the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front , which has ruled since about the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 .   Ethiopia 's ancient Ge'ez script , also known as Ethiopic , is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world . The Ethiopian calendar , which is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar , co-exists alongside the Borana calendar . A majority of the population adheres to Christianity ( mainly the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and P'ent ` ay ) , while around a third follows Islam ( primarily Sunni Islam ) . The country is the site of the Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash . A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews , known as Bete Israel , resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s , but most of them have since emigrated to Israel . Ethiopia is a multilingual nation with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups , the four largest of which are the Oromiffa , Amhara , Somali , and Tigrayans . Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches . Additionally , Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions . Nilo-Saharan languages are also spoken by the nation 's Nilotic ethnic minorities .   Ethiopia is the place of origin for the coffee bean which originated from the place called Kefa ( which was one of the 14 provinces in the old Ethiopian administration ) . It is a land of natural contrasts , with its vast fertile West , jungles , and numerous rivers , and the world 's hottest settlement of Dallol in its north . The Ethiopian Highlands are Africa 's largest continuous mountain ranges , and Sof Omar Caves contain Africa 's largest cave . Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa .   Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the UN , the Group of 24 ( G-24 ) , the Non-Aligned Movement , G-77 and the Organisation of African Unity . Ethiopia 's capital city Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of the African Union , the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry , the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa , African Aviation Training HQ , the African Standby Force , and many of the global NGOs focused on Africa . In the 1970s and 1980s , Ethiopia suffered from civil wars and communist purges which devastated its economy . The country has begun to recover recently however , and now has the largest economy ( by GDP ) in East Africa and Central Africa . According to Global Fire Power , Ethiopia has the 42nd most powerful military in the world , and the third most powerful in Africa .

neg: Reb River Reb River ( also transliterated as Rib ; Amharic `` bottom , buttocks '' ) is a river of north-central Ethiopia which empties into Lake Tana at . The river originates on the slopes of Mount Guna , and flows west through Kemekem woreda . It has no significant tributaries .   R.E. Cheesman described the Reb in 1936 as bringing `` down quantities of dark sand , and we passed banks of it deposited on the lake shore . The river bar , 600 yards out in the lake , is a semicircle , and parties of travellers with loaded donkeys were passing round it instead of crossing the river . '' Merchants based in Yifag would transport bars of salt or amoleh in small boats or tankwas down the Reb to Zege on the lake to trade for coffee .   The Reb was also the site of one of several stone bridges built during the time of the Jesuit missionaries or the reign of Fasilides . Consisting of five arches , it was located 24 km from the estuary and enabled travel between Gondar and Debre Tabor . During the Italian occupation , the Italians built a bridge over the river with wooden supports , but it was damaged during the British campaign .   On 21 June 2007 , the World Bank announced that it had approved an International Development Association credit of US$ 100 million for an Irrigation and Drainage project covering the Magech and Reb rivers , as part of the Nile Basin Initiative . With the goal of increasing irrigated agricultural output , this proposed project will develop incrementally a total area of 20,000 hectares .

neg: Yechila Yechila ( also Yechilay or Chilay ) is a town in northern Ethiopia . Located in the Mehakelegnaw Zone of the Tigray Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1571 meters above sea level . It is located in the Mearey-tabia and is the administrative center of Abergele woreda .   Records provided at the Nordic Africa Institute website mention a rock-hewn church dedicated to Abuna Aregawi in the town . The British explorer Henry Salt camped overnight outside this town during his second journey through Ethiopia in 1809 . Salt ( who calls the settlement `` Shela '' ) records entering the province of Abergele the next day -- apparently the town was not part of the province at the time -- as well as finding a species of water cress growing in the area .   Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005 , Yechila has an estimated total population of 2,833 of whom 1,371 are men and 1,462 are women . The 1994 census reported it had a total population of 1,556 of whom 697 were men and 859 were women .

neg: Shabo people The Shabo are an ethnic group of southwestern Ethiopia . They call themselves `` Sabu '' and are sometimes called `` Mikeyir '' by their neighbors . Their language is of uncertain classification and shows some similarities with the Nilo-Saharan , particularly Koman , languages . The Shabo live in several dispersed settlements in the regional states of the Gambela Region and the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and People 's Region , surrounded by Majangir and Shekkacho peoples , with whom they intermarry . The former have heavily influenced Shabo culture . The Shabo have adopted several customs and elements of material culture ( including pottery ) from the Majangir .    Their livelihood is based on slash-and-burn agriculture , although hunting with spears and dogs , fishing , and gathering wild roots and berries plays an important role in their economy . Bush meat is transported in a net , called kenken , from the forest to the house and markets . The Shabo live in small cleared plots in the middle of dense forests , which are being gradually deforested by the coffee agribusiness . Their small huts , made with pieces of wood and palm-leaves , stand in the middle of the cleared area , surrounded by haphazard cultivations of sorghum and corn . After six or seven years , the plot is left to fallow and a new plot is opened nearby . As among the Majangir , Shabo family units are well spaced out . There are no villages in the usual sense of the term . The Shabo have traditionally exchanged game , fish , skins and honey with the people of the Ethiopian Highlands .   The Shabo claim that Juku ( God ) created them in the same area that they occupy today and that other groups ( like the Majangir and Shekkacho ) arrived later to the region . The Shabo have different clans and exogamy is mandatory ( either with people from other clans or from other ethnic groups ) . Traditionally , grooms had to give the bride 's father an axe and a spear ( for hunting in the forest and gathering honey ) in order to get married . The bride 's mother received bracelets .

neg: Sumbawanga Sumbawanga is a city located in western Tanzania . It is the capital of Rukwa Region . The regional population is approximately 150,000 based on a 2002 census . Sumbawanga lies in the territory of the Wafipa Fipa tribe and so many people speak Kifipa , as well as Kiswahili , the most widely used language of Tanzania . The name of the town literally translates as `` throw away your witchcraft '' , thought to be a warning from local spiritual `` healers '' to any bringing in superstitions and practices relating to spiritual healers from other areas ; there are still some healers who practice both in town and in the surrounding smaller villages on the plateau . The town has the largest hospital in the region , Rukwa General Hospital , which is government funded , as well as the smaller Dr. Atiman Hospital administrated and run by the Catholic Diocese of Sumbawanga .   The town acts as a supply and commercial center for the Rukwa Region and some governmental agencies are to be found there , notably the transport department for the region . Sumbawanga has both Libori and Moravian conference centres . A modest-size market is in the town centre where local produce may be found . This includes maize , rice , fruit , poultry and fish ( from Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa ) . Many imported plastic goods and electronics are available as well as bicycles and spares . Although there are several fuel outlets , supply can be quite erratic because of the difficulties of transport from the coast .   The local economy is largely dependent on agriculture and small locally owned businesses . There is very limited industry or production in the town . Significant improvement could be expected if the road to Mbeya was sealed to enable reliable all-weather access year round . This road , and its continuation north to Mpanda and Tabora or Kigoma , can become impassable at the height of the wet season ( Feb-Mar ) . The Tanzanian government does have contracts in place for upgrading large sections of these roads . The town can be reached by flights operated by Auric Air or by bus from Mbeya which lies to the south with train links to the town of Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia , to Dar es Salaam . Rail is also available through Tabora from Mpanda in the north . Mpanda also has an airport with a 2km sealed runway .   Sumbawanga has many schools and colleges , including Chem Chem Secondary School , Sumbawanga Secondary School , St. Aggrey Chanji High School , Mazwi Secondary School , St. Aggrey Teaching College , Musoma Utalii College , and Chem Chem Teaching College .

neg: Mount Tambora Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano which is a peninsula of and the highest peak on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia . Sumbawa is flanked both to the north and south by oceanic crust , and Tambora was formed by the active subduction zone beneath it . This raised Mount Tambora as high as 4300 m , making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago in the 18th century . After a large magma chamber inside the mountain filled over the course of several decades , volcanic activity reached a historic climax in the eruption of 10 April 1815 . This eruption had a volcanic explosivity index ( VEI ) of 7 , the only unambiguously confirmed VEI-7 eruption since the Lake Taupo eruption in about AD 180 . ( The 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain might also have been VEI-7 . ) Tambora 's last eruption was in 1967 . It was rated VEI-0 .   With an estimated ejecta volume of 160 km3 , Tambora 's 1815 outburst is the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history . The explosion was heard on Sumatra , more than 2000 km away . Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo , Sulawesi , Java , and the Maluku Islands . Most of the deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease , as the eruptive fallout ruined agricultural productivity in the local region . The death toll was at least 71,000 people , of whom 11,000 -- 12,000 were killed directly by the eruption ; the oft-cited figure of 92,000 people killed is believed to be an overestimate .   The eruption caused global climate anomalies that included the phenomenon known as `` volcanic winter '' : 1816 became known as the `` Year Without a Summer '' because of the effect on North American and European weather . Crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere , resulting in the worst famine of the 19th century .   During an excavation in 2004 , a team of archaeologists discovered cultural remains buried by the 1815 eruption . They were kept intact beneath the 3-metre-deep pyroclastic deposits . At the site , dubbed the `` Pompeii of the East '' , the artifacts were preserved in the positions they had occupied in 1815 .

neg: Metemma Metemma ( also known as Metemma Yohannes ) is a town in northwestern Ethiopia , on the border with Sudan . Located in the Semien Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region , Metemma has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 685 meters above sea level . Across the border is the corresponding Sudanese village of Gallabat . According to the British diplomat Hormuzd Rassam , who travelled through Metemma in November 1865 on his diplomatic mission to Emperor Tewodros II , `` Metemma '' comes from the Arabic for `` the place of cutting , or termination -- indicating the end of the Muslim provinces '' , although at the time the settlement was better known as Suk ul-Gallabat ( `` The market of Gallabat '' ) .   Metemma hosts an airport , ( ICAO code HAMM , IATA ETE ) .

neg: Bure Mudaytu (woreda) Bure Mudaytu is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia . Part of the Administrative Zone 3 , Bure Mudaytu stretches along a narrow band covering the marshy lowlands along the Awash River , with the Administrative Zone 5 to the west and Gewane to the east . The administrative center of this woreda is Debel .   The altitude of this woreda is between 300 and 700 meters above sea level . The largest body of water in Bure Mudaytu is Lake Yardi , which is fed by the winter floods of the Awash ; other rivers include the Hawadi . This woreda was affected by the March 1996 Awash floods , which were caused by unmaintained dikes breaking . However , the flooding only affected abandoned cotton fields , although local media erroneously stated that the Awash had flooded in June of that year and caused much hardship and destruction ; these reports were disproved upon investigation . Another local landmark is the Bouri Formation an archeological site which has yielded numerous Australopithecines and Homo fossils , artifacts , and bones of large mammals with cut marks .

neg: Saharan Air Layer The Saharan Air Layer ( SAL ) is an extremely hot , dry and sometimes dust-laden layer of the atmosphere that often overlies the cooler , more-humid surface air of the Atlantic Ocean . In the Sahara Desert region of North Africa , where it originates , it is the prevalent atmosphere , extending from the surface upwards several kilometers . As it drives , or is driven , out over the ocean , it is lifted above the denser marine air . This arrangement is an inversion where the temperature increases with height . The boundary between the SAL and the marine layer suppresses or `` caps '' any convection originating in the marine layer . Since it is dry air , the lapse rate within the SAL itself is steep , that is , the temperature falls rapidly with height .   Disturbances such as large thunderstorm complexes over North Africa periodically result in vast dust and sand storms , some of which extend as high as 6,000 meters . These can be driven out to sea within the SAL as far west as North America .   In the case of Africa , winds blow twenty percent of dust from a Saharan storm out over the Atlantic Ocean , and twenty percent of that , or four percent of a single storm 's dust , reaches all the way to the western Atlantic . The remainder settles out into the ocean or washes out of the air with rainfall . Scientists think that the July 2000 measurements made in Puerto Rico , nearly 8 million tonnes , equaled about one-fifth of the total year 's dust deposits .   The SAL passes over the Canary Islands where the phenomenon is named `` Calima '' and manifests as a fog that reduces visibility and deposits a layer of dust over everything .   These clouds of dust are visible in satellite photos as a milky white to gray shade , similar to haze .   Findings to date indicate that the iron-rich dust particles that often occur within the SAL reflect solar radiation , thus cooling the atmosphere . The particles also reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the ocean , thus reducing the amount of heating of the ocean . They also tend to increase condensation as they drift into the marine layer below , but not precipitation as the drops formed are too small to fall and tend not to readily coelesce . These tiny drops are subsequently more easily evaporated as they move into drier air laterally or dry air mixes down from the SAL aloft . Research on aerosols also shows that the presence of small particles in air tends to suppress winds . The SAL has also been observed to suppress the development and intensifying of tropical cyclones , which may be related directly to these factors .   The SAL is a subject of ongoing study and research .

neg: Tamanrasset Tamanrasset -LSB- tæmᵻnræsᵻt -RSB- ( Arabic : تمنراست , also known as Tamenɣest , Tamanghasset or Tamenghest , Tuareg : ⵜⵎⵏⵘⵙⵜ ) is an oasis city and capital of Tamanrasset Province in southern Algeria , in the Ahaggar Mountains . It is the chief city of the Algerian Tuareg . It is located an altitude of 1320 m . As of the 2008 census , it has a population of 92,635 , up from 72,741 in 1998 , with an annual growth rate of 2.5 % .   Tamanrasset was originally established as a military outpost to guard the trans-Saharan trade routes . Surrounded by the barren Sahara Desert , very high temperatures of over 47 ° C have been recorded here . Tamanrasset is located at an oasis where , despite the difficult climate , citrus fruits , apricots , dates , almonds , cereals , corn , and figs are grown . The Tuareg people are the town 's main inhabitants . Tamanrasset is a tourist attraction during the cooler months . Visitors are also drawn to the Museum of the Hoggar , which offers many exhibits depicting Tuareg life and culture .   The city is served by Tamanrasset Airport and the Trans-Sahara Highway .

neg: Mount Afadja Mount Afadja is one of the highest mountain in Ghana , at an elevation of 885 m . The mountain is located in the Agumatsa Range near the villages of Liati Wote and Gbledi , in the Volta Region of Ghana at the border with Togo .  ` Afadja ' is the name of the mountain whereas ` to ' in the Ewe dialect means mountain therefore it is called ` Afadjato ' by the indigenes . The correct name would be ` Mount Afadja ' as ` Mount Afadjato ' will be a repetition of the ` Mountain . '   The nearby peak of Aduadu , which is higher than Afadjato at over 900m , is about a kilometre to the east .   The name of the mountain was derived from the Ewe word Avadzeto , meaning `` at war with the bush . '' The name derives from the presence on the mountainside of a plant causing severe skin irritation .   The nearby Tagbo Falls and Wli Falls ( the highest in West Africa ) are also considered tourist attractions .

neg: List of conflicts in Ethiopia This is a list of conflicts in Ethiopia arranged chronologically from medieval to modern times . This list includes both nation-wide and international types of war , including ( but not limited to ) the following : wars of independence , liberation wars , colonial wars , undeclared wars , proxy wars , territorial disputes , and world wars . Also listed might be any battle that occurred within the territory of what is today known as the , `` Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia '' but was itself only part of a operation of a campaign of a theater of a war . There may also be periods of violent civil unrest listed , such as : riots , shootouts , spree killings , massacres , terrorist attacks , and civil wars . The list might also contain episodes of : human sacrifice , mass suicide , massacres , and genocides .

neg: Bale Robe bale robe univarcity is hakd fils   Robe , more commonly known as Bale Robe ( in order to differentiate it from other towns in Ethiopia which are also called Robe ) , is a town and separate woreda in south-central Ethiopia . Located in the Bale Zone of the Oromia Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2492 m above sea level .   It is located about 430 kilometres by road from Ethiopia 's capital Addis Ababa .   Robe shares Robe Airport ( ICAO code HAGB , IATA GOB ) with neighboring Goba . Ethiopian Airlines has a scheduled flight four times a week connecting it to the capital Addis Ababa and to the southern city Arba Minch .   The main market day is Thursday , with a smaller market working on Tuesdays and Sundays at another place in the town . Notable tourist attractions include the Sof Omar Caves , which lie to the east .

neg: People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia The People 's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( PDRE ) was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991 , as established by the Communist government of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Workers ' Party of Ethiopia ( WPE ) . Its creation led to the dissolution of the Derg , the military junta formerly in charge of the country . A Marxist-Leninist one-party state with the WPE as supreme authority took its place , though the WPE 's leadership was dominated by the surviving members of the Derg .   After five years of preparation , a socialist state was officially proclaimed in 1984 , and the WPE was formed as the country 's only legal party . It was a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party modeled on its counterparts in Europe . The PDRE officially came into existence on 22 February 1987 , three weeks after the national referendum that approved the 1987 constitution , although the Derg remained in power as late as September , long after the 14 June general election that elected the members of the National Shengo ( the legislature ) .   The WPE was officially granted a monopoly of power as the `` leading force in the state and society . '' The government was highly centralized and for all intents and purposes acted as merely a transmission belt for the party .   Throughout the PDRE 's brief life , its authority was challenged not only by armed militants in Eritrea , which had been annexed to Ethiopia several decades earlier , but also by internal resistance groups , foremost of which was the Tigrayan Peoples ' Liberation Front . The PDRE came to an end in May 1991 , when Mengistu fled Ethiopia and military units of the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front entered Addis Ababa .

neg: Negash Negash is a village in the Tigray Region ( or kilil ) of Ethiopia , which straddles the Adigrat-Mekele road ( Ethiopian Highway 2 ) 10 kilometers north of Wukro . Located in Wukro woreda , this settlement has a longitude and latitude of .   Negash is known as the earliest Muslim settlement in Africa ; a seventh-century cemetery has been excavated inside the village boundaries . The Futuh al-Habasha records Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi visited the tomb of Ashama ibn Abjar in Negash during his invasion of the province of Tigray ( around 1537 ) . Negash is also known for the Negash Amedin Mesgid mosque .   In the statistical tables of the 2007 census published by the Central Statistical Agency , the kebele Negash is located in is reported to have a total population of 7,753 of whom 3,607 are men and 4,146 women ; they are distributed amongst 1,689 households in 1,626 housing units . Although it 's known for its particular relationship with Islam , 98.2 % of the population follows the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church , the 1.1 % of the population is Protestant , and the remaining 0.7 % is Muslim .

neg: History of Nairobi The earliest account of Nairobi 's -LSB- naɪˈroʊbɪ -RSB- history dates back to 1899 when a railway depot was built in a brackish African swamp occupied only by a pastoralist people , the Maasai , as well as the agriculturalist Kikuyu people who were displaced . The railway complex and the building around it rapidly expanded and urbanized until it became the largest city of Kenya and the country 's capital . The name `` Nairobi '' comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nyorobi , which translates to `` the place of cool waters '' . However , Nairobi is popularly known as the `` Green City in the Sun . ''

neg: Darimu Darimu is one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia . This woreda takes its name from the name of the region it lies in , `` Darimu '' , which is mentioned in Alexander Bulatovich 's book , From Entotto to the River Baro , published in 1897 . Part of the Illubabor Zone , Darimu is bordered on the south by Metu , on the west and north by the Kelem Welega Zone , and on the east by Supena Sodo . The major town in Darimu is Dipa .   Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda . Over 5,000 hectares is planted with this crop .

neg: Mount Chilalo Mount Chilalo is an isolated , extinct silicic volcanic mountain in southeastern Ethiopia . The highest point in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region , and located on the border between the Hitosa and Tiyo woreda , this mountain has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 4036 m above sea level .   The mountain has an elliptical base ( about 30 by 20 kilometers ) , whose major axis lies NNE-SSW or parallel to the predominant tectonic trend . Chilalo rises with gentle slopes for more than 1500 meters from the top of the plateau . At the summit , there is a large , almost circular caldera about 6 kilometers in diameter , whose southern rim is considered to be the mountain 's summit . Mount Chilalo last erupted in the Pleistocene .   One authority identifies Mount Chilalo as a late Trap Series volcano . The geologist Erik Nilsson claimed to have identified traces of glaciation on Chilalo , as well as on its neighbor Mount Kaka down to about 3400 meters , which he dated to the `` Last Pluvial Period '' . Although this mountain is located south of the East African Rift , along with Mount Gugu to the north and Mount Kaka to the south , it is considered , geologically speaking , part of the Ethiopian Highlands .

neg: Ethiopian movement The Ethiopian Movement is a religious movement that began in southern Africa towards the end of the 19th century , when two groups broke away from the Anglican and Methodist churches . One of the main reasons for breaking away was that the parent denominations were perceived to be too much under white control , with not enough scope being given to African leadership .   The Ethiopian movement was based on their interpretation of a Biblical passage ( Psalm 68:31 ) : `` Ethiopia shall soon stretch forth its hands unto God '' ( in the original Hebrew , actually כוש Cush ) .   The term was later given a much wider interpretation by Bengt Sundkler , whose book Bantu prophets in South Africa was the first comprehensive study of African Independent Churches ( AICs ) .

neg: Mesfin Negash Mesfin Negash ( Amharic : መስፍን ነጋሽ ) is an Ethiopian journalist , political commentator for Addis Neger and columnist for Sampsonia Way Magazine . He is a graduate of Addis Ababa University where he studied political science .   Negash is a graduate of Addis Ababa University where he studied Political Science . His career as a journalist started at the Ethiopian Reporter in 2001 . He wrote on issues of politics and international relations . Before the controversial May 2005 elections , Negash left the newspaper to join Meznagna newspaper as a columnist while working for local and international NGO as a communication specialist and program officer . His political articles in Meznagna were most supportive of the Coalition for Unity and Democracy ( CUD ) . In one of his articles , he opposed the early position of his former paper which called for the establishment of unity government in Ethiopia . Mesfin 's contention was that the ruling party 's democratic centralism is too much of an impediment for the formation of any governing coalition with it .   Meznagna was shut down in December 2005 by the government because it was first to publish the CUD 's unconstitutional and illegal call for the removal of the government even though the paper itself did n't advocate for the forceful removal of the government .   In 2007 five former Meznagna journalists , including Mesfin Negash , established Addis Neger . He was the Editor-in-Chief of the paper for a year before he moved to a managerial position . Under Negash 's watch Addis Neger grew to be one of Ethiopia 's leading newspapers . The articles Negash wrote for the paper were milder in their tone and criticism of the government than his articles in Meznagna . The paper faced intimidation and harassment under Ethiopia 's anti-terrorism law , which criminalizes any reporting that directly or indirectly `` encourages '' or provides `` moral support '' to `` terrorist groups . ''   In August 2008 an Ethiopian judge sentenced Mesfin Negash to a suspended one month imprisonment for a news report that appeared in the July 26 issue on the trial of iconic musician Teddy Afro . The ruling judge stated that they were compelled by law not to run the story because `` it infringes on the reputation of the court .   In 2010 the staffers at Addis Neger shut down the newspaper and Negash fled Ethiopia , leaving his mother and wife behind . In February 2012 he was granted asylum in Sweden . He noted , `` It was n't a single incident that pushed me to leave Ethiopia -- it was numerous incidents over the course of several months . '' In May he was elected the Human Rights Defender of the Month by the Civil Rights Defenders campaign to protect human rights defenders at risk around the world .   In June 2012 , Negash was found guilty of supporting terrorism along with 23 other defendants by an Ethiopian court and sentenced in absentia to eight years in prison . In a column for Sampsonia Way Magazine Negash commented on the conviction that `` the sentences carry no practical consequences for the professional freedom of those ` convicted ' living in exile '' and that `` anyone , Ethiopian or not , who supports the democratic hope of the nation in any manner is considered an enemy of the state , or a ` terrorist . '''   Since May 2012 Negash has served as a columnist for the City of Asylum/Pittsburgh 's Sampsonia Way Magazine where he `` shares Ethiopian views on pertinent issues related to journalism , culture , and , of course , the overarching subject of politics . '' He is also the Managing Editor of Addisnegeronline.com .


query: Matt Kuchar has over 80 top-10 finishes.

pos: Matt Kuchar Matthew Gregory Kuchar ( born June 21 , 1978 ) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour and formerly the Nationwide Tour . He has won seven times on the PGA Tour , with these wins spanning over 12 years . He is renowned as one of the most consistent players on the tour , having earned over $ 30 million in prize money and recorded over 80 top-10 finishes .   Kuchar briefly enjoyed success in the early 2000s before suffering a slump where he struggled to maintain his playing status on the PGA Tour . He rejuvenated himself and built a new , one-plane swing from 2008 onward leading to improved results . Kuchar was the PGA Tour 's leading money winner in 2010 .   Kuchar won The Players Championship in 2012 , the flagship event of the PGA Tour , his biggest tournament victory to date . As a result , he moved to a career high number five in the world rankings and has spent over 40 weeks ranked inside its top-10 . In February 2013 , Kuchar won his first World Golf Championship event , defeating Hunter Mahan in the final of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship .   At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Kuchar won the first Olympic bronze medal awarded for golf since the 1904 Summer Olympics .   With Sergio García winning the 2017 Masters Tournament and Steve Stricker playing part-time on the PGA Tour Champions , Kuchar is the highest-earning active full-time PGA Tour player without a major championship win , with career earnings of over $ 38 million .

neg: List of World Rally Championship Drivers' champions The World Rally Championship ( WRC ) is a rallying series administrated by Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) , motorsport 's world governing body . The series currently consists of 13 three-day events driven on surfaces that range from gravel and tarmac to snow and ice . Each rally is split into 15 -- 25 special stages , which are run against the clock on closed roads . The WRC was formed from well-known and popular international rallies , most of which had previously been part of the European Rally Championship and/or the International Championship for Manufacturers ; the series was first contested in 1973 . The drivers ' championship was first awarded in 1977 and 1978 as an FIA Cup for Drivers title , to Sandro Munari and Markku Alén , respectively . The first official world champion in rallying was Björn Waldegård in 1979 .   Each season normally consists of 12 to 16 rallies driven on surfaces ranging from gravel and tarmac to snow and ice . Points from these events are calculated towards the drivers ' and manufacturers ' world championships . The driver 's championship and manufacturer 's championship are separate championships , but are based on the same point system . In the current points system , points are awarded at the end of each rally to the top ten WRC ( overall ) , junior and production car drivers that qualify as follows : 25 , 18 , 15 , 12 , 10 , 8 , 6 , 4 , 2 , 1 . Despite how many drivers are in one team , constructors can only nominate two drivers to score points for the team as well as scoring for themselves .   Sébastien Loeb holds the record for the most drivers ' championships , winning nine during his career . He also holds the record for the most championships won in a row ; he won nine consecutive titles from 2004 to 2012 . Juha Kankkunen , Tommi Mäkinen and Sébastien Ogier are second with four championships each ; Mäkinen won four championships in a row from 1996 to 1999 and Ogier from 2013 to 2016 . Finland and France have won the most titles with 14 championships each ; Finland between 7 drivers and France between 3 drivers . Citroën cars have won the most drivers ' championships with nine titles , all of them with Loeb .

neg: Kuskokwim 300 The Kuskokwim 300 is among the more highly regarded mid-distance dogsled races in Alaska , annually attracting some of the top mushers in the sport . The race starts and ends on the Kuskokwim River in Bethel , Alaska , and is run on and adjacent to its namesake river .   Often referred to as the `` Kusko 300 '' , or `` K-300 '' , the race has been held every January since 1980 , and commemorates an early mail route that once tied the settlements along the river to the outside world . Top mushers and hundreds of sled dogs participate in the race for a purse of $ 100,000 , the largest offered by any 300-mile ( 480 km ) sled dog race .   The race is renowned for its often difficult weather and trail conditions . The inaugural race saw a fierce blizzard with dangerously low windchills for the first half of the race , followed by a freak thaw and rain for the latter half . Three separate K-300s ( 1991 , 1999 , 2008 ) earned the nickname `` Kusko-Swim '' , due to strong winds , rain , and deep overflow on top of the river ice .   Staged from January 15 through 17th , the 2010 Kuskokwim 300 was won by musher John Baker of Kotzebue , AK in 47 hours , 56 minutes , and 22 seconds , nearly an hour-and-a-half ahead of second-place finisher and two-time Kusko 300 champion Martin Buser , also a four-time Iditarod champion . It was Baker 's first K-300 victory .   The 2013 Kuskokwim 300 is scheduled to start on January 18 , 2013 and includes an overall race purse of $ 110,000 .

neg: Matt Simpson (racing driver) Matt Simpson ( born 29 August 1981 ) is a British racing driver currently competing in the British Touring Car Championship . He debuted in 2016 , after being double champion in the Quaife Intermarque Championship in 2013 and 2014 .

neg: 1980 World Rally Championship The 1980 World Rally Championship was the eighth season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) World Rally Championship ( WRC ) . The season consisted of 12 rallies . While this number was the same as the previous year , one change was made to the schedule , replacing Quebec with the Rally Codasur , marking the first WRC event to be held in South America while simultaneously ending WRC presence in North America for 25 years .   A new driver 's champion was crowned , with Fiat backed German driver Walter Röhrl taking the championship convincingly while simultaneously earning for Fiat its third and final manufacturer 's title . Finn Hannu Mikkola and Swede Björn Waldegård again battled to a one-point difference in the standings , though this time for second place overall , and this time with Mikkola coming out on top . Fiat 's position in the standings was challenged by both Datsun and Ford , but neither could overcome the Italian company 's initial lead , settling instead for second and third resepectively . 1980 also saw Mercedes-Benz 's best and final effort to compete for a WRC title , placing fourth overall .   For purposes of the championship , neither the Swedish or Finnish rallies were applied to the WRC for Manufacturers .  __ TOC __

neg: Damien Faulkner Damien Faulkner ( born 15 February 1977 ) is an Irish race car driver from Moville County Donegal . Beginning his professional career in Formula Vauxhall Junior in 1995 , he competed in the Formula Ford Festival in 1996 and finished 11th . He finished in 3rd place in Vauxhall Junior in 1997 and moved to Formula Palmer Audi in 1998 where he finished sixth and third in series points in his first two seasons . At the end of 1999 he had his first taste of F3000 when he tested for Arden as part of his prize for finishing third in Palmer Audi .   In 2000 Faulkner dominated the new European Formula Palmer Audi series taking 6 wins on his way to the title . His prize for winning the series assisted him in finding a seat in the American Champ Car feeder series Indy Lights for 2001 . In the series ' final season he drove for Dorricott Racing , capturing 2 wins on his way to third place in series points . A return home to Mondello Park during the season also saw him win his class in a one-off FIA Sportscar Championship race .   Faulkner returned to Europe in 2002 and competed in a partial season in the Formula Nissan World Series . With nothing on the horizon for 2003 Faulkner 's career was rescued by a dominant performance as a guest driver in the BTCC supporting Porsche Carrera Cup GB , again at his home circuit , Mondello Park . This drive led to a Porsche Supercup guest appearance and an invite to again compete at Mondello in 2004 . A further strong drive secured a seat for the remainder of the season with Team SAS and Faulkner went on to take the team 's first race win before the season 's end . Two more years with the team brought two championship victories and a graduation in 2007 to the Porsche Supercup .   A successful debut Supercup season yielded two wins and second in the championship with the title fight going right down to the final race of the season . 2007 's performances have put Faulkner firmly back on the map as he heads into a second season in the Supercup with Walter Lechner Racing and has also received invites to two of the biggest pre-season events on the calendar , the Dubai 24hrs and 24 Hours of Daytona .

neg: 1982 PGA Tour The 1982 PGA Tour season was played from January 7 to October 31 , and consisted of 44 official money events . Calvin Peete , Craig Stadler , and Tom Watson won the most tournaments , four , and there were five first-time winners . The tournament results , leaders , and award winners are listed below .   The season began as the `` TPA Tour , '' then reverted to the `` PGA Tour '' in mid-March . The `` Tournament Players Association '' name had been adopted less than seven months earlier , in late August 1981 .

neg: Greg LeMond Gregory James `` Greg '' LeMond ( born June 26 , 1961 ) is an American former professional road racing cyclist who won the Road Race World Championship twice ( 1983 and 1989 ) and the Tour de France three times ( 1986 , 1989 and 1990 ) . He is also an entrepreneur and anti-doping advocate . LeMond was born in Lakewood , California , and raised in ranch country on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain range , near Reno . He is married and has three children with his wife Kathy , with whom he supports a variety of charitable causes and organizations .   In 1986 , LeMond became the first non-European professional cyclist to win the Tour de France , and he remains the only American cyclist to have won the Tour . LeMond was accidentally shot with multiple pellets while hunting in 1987 and missed the next two Tours . He returned to the 1989 Tour , completing an improbable comeback by winning in dramatic fashion on the race 's final stage . He successfully defended his title the following year , claiming his third and final Tour victory in 1990 , which made LeMond one of only seven riders who have won three or more Tours . He retired from competition in December 1994 . He was inducted into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 1996 .   LeMond was the first American to win the elite Road World Championship , the first professional cyclist to sign a million-dollar contract , and the first cyclist to appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated when the magazine named him as its Sportsman of the Year in 1989 . During his career , LeMond championed several technological advancements in pro cycling , including the introduction of aerodynamic `` triathlon '' handlebars and carbon fiber bicycle frames , which he later marketed through his company LeMond Bicycles . His other business interests have included restaurants , real estate , and consumer fitness equipment .   LeMond is a vocal opponent of performance-enhancing drug use , and at times his commercial ventures have suffered for his anti-doping stance -- as in 2001 , when he first accused Lance Armstrong of doping and sparked a conflict that led eventually to the dissolution of his Lemond Bikes brand in 2008 , which was licensed by Armstrong 's primary sponsor Trek Bicycles . As the lone American winner of cycling 's most prestigious race , LeMond has not enjoyed the public stature that might be expected of such a figure , but he continues to campaign publicly against doping and ineffective leadership by the UCI , the International Federation for Cycling . In December 2012 , LeMond even articulated a willingness to replace the UCI president on an interim basis if called to do so . In December 2013 , the LeMond brand was revived , manufactured in partnership with TIME Sport International .

neg: K&N Pro Series West The NASCAR K&N Pro Series West , formerly the Winston West Series and Camping World West Series , is a regional stock car racing division of NASCAR . The series was first formed in 1954 as a proving ground for drivers from the western United States who could not travel to race in the more traditional stock car racing regions like North Carolina and the rest of the southern United States .   In 1954 , the series was formed under the name Pacific Coast Late Model circuit , with nine races on the schedule . At first the series sanctioned races on dirt tracks and paved tracks , but as the series developed , more races were held on paved tracks , with the final race on a dirt track being held in 1979 . In 1988 , the series traveled out of the United States for the first time , sanctioning a race in Australia . Eight years later , the series once again traveled outside of the United States to Japan . In 1999 , the season finale was held at Twin Ring Motegi , making it the first NASCAR championship race held in a different country . Four years later , NASCAR consolidated the Busch North Series into the series .   Jack McCoy has the most career wins in the series with 54 , followed by Ray Elder with 47 . Elder , however , has recorded six championships , the most out of any driver in the series . Other notable drivers who participated in the series include Kevin Harvick , Brendan Gaughan , Derrike Cope , Chad Little and David Gilliland .   The other regional division at the Grand National level of NASCAR is the K&N Pro Series East .

neg: 1980 Masters Tournament The 1980 Masters Tournament was the 44th Masters Tournament , held April 10 -- 13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia .   Seve Ballesteros , age 23 , won his first Masters and second major championship title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Jack Newton and Gibby Gilbert . Ballesteros had a seven stroke lead after 54 holes and extended it to ten strokes after the front nine of the final round at 16-under-par , eyeing the Masters record of 271 ( − 17 ) set by Jack Nicklaus in 1965 ( and equaled by Raymond Floyd in 1976 ) . A new record ( of 270 or lower ) was to be rewarded with a $ 50,000 bonus from Golf magazine . An hour later , after he found the water at 12 and 13 at Amen Corner , the lead had been reduced to three . Ballesteros regrouped with a birdie at 15 and parred the rest to shoot even-par 72 for the round and held on for the victory .   Well back in the field on Sunday , Nicklaus , age 40 , was paired with Arnold Palmer , age 50 , which drew large galleries . Palmer shot 69 to finish at even par and T24 , Nicklaus had 73 to finish at 291 ( +3 ) and T33 . It was their first pairing at Augusta in five years and the first time Palmer had finished higher than Nicklaus there since 1967 . Nicklaus regrouped and won two majors in 1980 , the U.S. Open and the PGA Championship and was the runner-up the following April .   Ballesteros , of Spain , was the first winner of the Masters from Europe , and won a second green jacket in 1983 .   This was the final Masters with Bermuda and ryegrass greens , which were replaced with bentgrass following this tournament .

neg: Len Mattiace Leonard Earl `` Len '' Mattiace ( born October 15 , 1967 ) is an American professional golfer on the PGA Tour .   Mattiace was born in Mineola , New York . He attended Nease High School in Ponte Vedra , Florida . He graduated from Wake Forest University in 1990 with a degree in Sociology . While at Wake Forest , he played on the team that won the NCAA Division I Golf Championship in 1986 . He turned pro later in 1990 .   Mattiace first gained notoriety when he surged into contention in the final round of the 1998 Players Championship . Trailing by one shot going into the par-3 17th hole , he hit his tee shot into the water , his third shot into a bunker , and his fourth shot into the water . He ended up with a quintuple-bogey 8 on the hole and finished in a tie for fifth , four strokes behind the eventual winner Justin Leonard .   Mattiace 's career year was 2002 , when he earned wins at the Nissan Open and the FedEx St. Jude Classic . In 2003 , he contended for the The Masters Trophy by shooting a 65 in the final round which put him into a playoff with Mike Weir . On that first playoff hole , Mattiace found himself stymied by trees when his approach drifted offline . Weir needed only a bogey to secure the victory and Mattiace finished second , earning $ 648,000 in prize money . Shortly after the 2003 season , Mattiace 's career was threatened by a skiing accident and torn ACLs in both knees .   Mattiace has been ranked in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Rankings , but has not been fully exempt on the PGA Tour since 2005 . Mattiace splits his time between the PGA Tour ( where he relies on past champion status for entries ) and Web.com Tour . He currently resides in Jacksonville , Florida . Mattiace is naturally left-handed but plays right-handed .

neg: Stephen Gallacher Stephen James Gallacher ( born 1 November 1974 ) is a Scottish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour .   Gallacher was born in Dechmont , West Lothian and is the nephew of former European Ryder Cup captain Bernard Gallacher and cousin of Sky Sports news presenter Kirsty Gallacher . He played in a victorious Walker Cup side in 1995 and turned professional later that year .   Gallacher first played on the European Tour in 1996 , but struggled to begin with . In 2000 , however , he reached the top hundred on the Order of Merit for the first time , placing 56th . In 2004 he recorded his first win on the tour at the Dunhill Links Championship , which is one of the richest golf tournaments in Europe , and finished the year ranked 15th on the Order of Merit .   In February 2013 , Gallacher ended a 201-tournament wait for his second victory on the European Tour , when he won the Omega Dubai Desert Classic by three strokes . He held the lead going into the final round after he shot his best career round of 62 on the European Tour in the third round . Despite two bogeys in his first two holes , Gallacher clinched victory with an eagle on the 16th hole . The win moved Gallacher back into the world 's top 100 .   The following year , Gallacher defended his title with a one stroke victory at the 2014 Omega Dubai Desert Classic for his third European Tour victory . He is the first golfer to ever successfully defend the title .   Gallacher was picked as one of the three wild-cards by Paul McGinley for the 2014 Ryder Cup .

neg: Scott McCarron Scott Michael McCarron ( born July 10 , 1965 ) is an American professional golfer .   McCarron was born in Sacramento , California and graduated from Vintage High School in Napa , California . He was a member of the golf team at UCLA , graduating in 1988 with a major in History . Unlike most golfers , McCarron did not transition right away from the college to the professional ranks -- he gave up golf for four years ( 1988 -- 1992 ) to work with his father in the family clothing business . He turned professional in 1992 , and joined the PGA Tour in 1994 .   McCarron has had PGA Tour victories in 1996 , 1997 and 2001 .   McCarron has featured in the top 20 of the Official World Golf Ranking .   McCarron was injured in the summer of 2006 and missed the entire 2007 season . He served as an analyst for The Golf Channel for its 2007 Masters coverage . He returned to the PGA Tour in 2008 and finished 108th on the money list to retain his card for 2009 .   In 2010 , McCarron became embroiled in controversy when he accused fellow PGA Tour player Phil Mickelson of `` cheating '' for using a Ping-Eye 2 wedge made before April 1 , 1990 that is allowed under a legal technicality . McCarron publicly apologized to Mickelson a few days later . Thirty days later , the PGA Tour and USGA banned the use of the Ping-Eye 2 wedges .   McCarron has won three times on PGA Tour Champions .

neg: Junior Ryder Cup The Junior Ryder Cup is a team golf competition between Europe and the United States . It is based on the men 's Ryder Cup and is run by the same organisations , the PGA of America and Ryder Cup Europe ( a subsidiary of the PGA European Tour , with minority stakes held by the PGA of Great Britain & Ireland and the PGA of Europe ) . The 2016 event took place at the Interlachen Country Club , Edina , Minnesota on September 26 and 27 . The United States won 15 1/2 -- 8 1/2 , their fifth successive victory in the event . On recent occasions there has been an informal `` friendship match '' played on the Ryder Cup course after the Junior Ryder Cup but before the Ryder Cup .   The teams consist of six boys and six girls . The tournament is played over two days of foursomes , fourball and singles matches . There are three boys ' matches and three girls ' foursomes matches and six mixed fourball matches on the first day . There are 12 singles matches on the second day , added in 2008 .   In 1995 an informal match was played between European junior golfers and Central New York PGA Section and area juniors . The European team included 15-year-old Sergio García .   The official event began as part of the lead up to the 1997 Ryder Cup in Spain . In 2002 , the event gained marketing support from the Ryder Cup itself .   Several of the juniors who played in the competition have gone on to professional careers . Hunter Mahan and Suzann Pettersen played for the United States and European teams in 1999 . Rory McIlroy was part of the 2004 European team , along with Oliver Fisher . Matteo Manassero played on the 2008 European team . Isabelle Lendl played for the United States in 2006 , and Emma Talley played for the United States in 2008 .

neg: Mike Cunning Michael Cunning ( born July 30 , 1958 ) is an American professional golfer .   Cunning was born in Phoenix , Arizona . He played collegiately at the University of Arizona . He turned professional in 1980 .   Cunning played on the PGA Tour in 1984 , making only one cut in 16 events . He played again on the Tour in 1992 after finishing T13 at the 1991 Q-school . In 1992 , he made 11 cuts in 30 events with one top 10 finish and lost his tour card by finishing 165th on the money list . He played on the Nike Tour in 1993 , makin 14 cuts in 23 events with two top 10 finishes . He has played only sparingly in the U.S. since then .   Cunning has played in Asia since 1981 , and has been a regular on the Asian Tour since it began in its modern form in 1995 . In 1997 he topped the Order of Merit with earnings of US$ 170,619 , despite a best tournament finish of second place . In 2003 he won his only Asian Tour title to date at the Royal Challenge Indian Open . He has also made appearances on the European Tour and the Japan Golf Tour .   In 2009 he won the Aberdeen Brunei Senior Masters on the European Senior Tour .

neg: Official World Golf Ranking The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of male professional golfers ( although there is no rule prohibiting women from being ranked ) . It was introduced in 1986 and is endorsed by the four major championships and six major professional tours , five of which are charter members of the International Federation of PGA Tours :  PGA Tour  European Tour  Asian Tour ( not a charter member of the Federation )  PGA Tour of Australasia  Japan Golf Tour  Sunshine Tour   Points are also awarded for high finishes on other tours :  Web.com Tour , the official developmental tour for the PGA Tour  Challenge Tour , the official developmental tour for the European Tour  PGA Tour Canada , which became a full member of the Federation in 2009 under its former name of the Canadian Professional Golf Tour  OneAsia Tour , not a member of the Federation , but a joint venture between two charter members and two other tours that became full members in 2009  Korean Tour , from 2011  PGA Tour Latinoamérica , from 2012  Asian Development Tour , the official developmental tour for the Asian Tour , from 2013  PGA Tour China , from 2014  Alps Tour , from July 2015  Nordic Golf League , from July 2015  PGA EuroPro Tour , from July 2015  ProGolf Tour , from July 2015  MENA Golf Tour , from April 2016

neg: Drag boat racing Drag boat racing is a form of drag racing which takes place on water rather than land . As with land-based drag racing , competitors race their vehicles for the lowest elapsed time ( low ET ) over a straight race course of a defined length . There are three standard drag race course lengths , 660 feet ( 1/8 mile ) , 1,320 foot ( 1/4 mile ) , and the most common length , used in professional drag boat racing , 1,000 feet ( 3/16 mile plus 10 feet ) . Unlike drag racing on land , which begins from a standing start , drag boat racing begins from a short rolling start to a point that can not be passed until the green `` start '' light illuminates . There are numerous categories of professional and sportsmen classes based on various engine configuration , fuel type , hull design and propulsion types . The premier category of drag boat racing being the Top Fuel Hydroplane class which is the water based equivalent to Top Fuel Dragsters capable of covering the liquid quarter mile in less than four seconds with a top speed of around 260 mph ( 400 km/h ) . The biggest event on the drag boat calendar is the LODBRS World Finals which takes place at Firebird Raceway Phoenix , Arizona .

neg: BMW PGA Championship The BMW PGA Championship , as it is currently known for sponsorship reasons , is an annual men 's professional golf tournament on the European Tour . It was founded in 1955 by the Professional Golfers ' Association , and as such was originally called the British PGA Championship . Since then it has had several sponsored names , but the phrase `` PGA Championship '' has usually been included in the name .   The BMW PGA Championship is played each May over the West Course at the Wentworth Club in Surrey , England . The PGA European Tour has its headquarters at the club and as the tour 's home tournament , the BMW PGA Championship is often regarded as the flagship event on the European Tour .   It has usually had the highest prize money of any event which the tour organises , but this changed in 2009 with the introduction of the Race to Dubai , and the $ 10 million Dubai World Championship at the end of the season . There are other more lucrative events than the BMW PGA Championship which are part of the European Tour schedule , such as the majors and the World Golf Championship events , but these are organised by other bodies . It is also the European Tour 's designated `` Premier event '' for the purposes of the Official World Golf Rankings , with a minimum of 64 ranking points available to the winner .   The winner of the tournament is given an exemption into that season 's U.S. Open and the next three Open Championships .   In 2000 , Colin Montgomerie became the only player to win three years in a row .

neg: 1983 Masters Tournament The 1983 Masters Tournament was the 47th Masters Tournament , held April 7 -- 11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Seve Ballesteros won his second Masters and third major title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Ben Crenshaw and Tom Kite . Play on Friday was postponed due to heavy rain , and the final round was completed on Monday for the first time since 1973 .   Defending champion Craig Stadler was tied for the 54-hole lead with 1976 champion Raymond Floyd , with Ballesteros one stroke back , and two-time champion Tom Watson an additional stroke behind . Ballesteros got off to a fast start in the final round on Monday with a birdie-eagle start . With another birdie at the difficult par-3 fourth , he added four pars and another birdie at the ninth for a five-under 31 on the front nine . Ballesteros cruised to a 69 ( − 3 ) and a comfortable win as neither Stadler , Floyd , nor Watson broke par .   During the postponement of Friday 's round , the possibility was raised that the tournament would not complete the entire 72 holes , as the southeastern U.S. was experiencing heavy rains and flooding and forecasts were not favorable .   Saturday 's second round went off from split tees ( 1st and 10th ) and six players did not complete their rounds until early Sunday morning . With this extension , the tournament committee did not attempt to complete the final two rounds on Sunday , opting for the third round only on Sunday and the fourth on Monday .   Four-time champion Arnold Palmer , 53 , opened with a 68 on Thursday and made the cut at the Masters for the final time . In his 29th Masters , he stated that the conditions on Saturday were the worst he had ever seen at Augusta . Five-time winner Jack Nicklaus , 43 , withdrew before his second round start time due to back spasms experienced while warming up Saturday morning . It was only his second withdrawal as a pro , the first was three years earlier at the 1980 World Series of Golf . Nicklaus had missed only one cut in the previous 23 Masters and made ten consecutive after this year , including his record sixth green jacket in 1986 .   It was the final major championship for Sam Snead , 70 , a three-time Masters champion . He withdrew after a first round 79 as he assessed he could not make the cut .

neg: Martin Buser Martin Buser ( born March 29 , 1958 in Winterthur , Switzerland ) is a champion of sled dog racing .   Martin Buser began mushing at age seventeen in Switzerland . In 1979 , Buser moved to Alaska to train and raise sled dogs full-time . His training operation , Happy Trails Kennels , is located in Big Lake , Alaska .   He entered his first Iditarod in 1980 , and has run every race since 1986 , his third Iditarod . Buser has won the event four times , in 1992 , 1994 , 1997 , and 2002 . On sixteen occasions , he has finished among the top ten finishers . He ran the fastest finish time on the previous route which was a longer race than it is now . In 2002 , the race started in Wasilla . Now it starts in Willow , making the race about 80 miles shorter . In 2002 , his team completed the 80 mile longer race in 8 days , 22 hours , 46 minutes , and 2 seconds . He entered his first Yukon Quest in 2009 and finished in fourth place , earning him `` Rookie of the Year . '' As of 2017 , he has the most consecutive race finishes , 31 .   His sense of humor and positive outlook have made him a fan favorite . In 2008 , he comically caused quite a stir among fans worldwide when he accidentally gave his GPS unit to a pilot who was transporting dogs and equipment to and from a checkpoint , when the race was first introducing GPS tracking on the racers so fans could follow their paths live .   Martin also has a happy-go-lucky way about him . It shows most clearly when he talks in highly annoying/exaggerated tone of voice to his dogs . Other top competiters in the Iditarod , like DeeDee Jonrowe and Aliy Zirkle have found this method to work well in communicating with their dogs .

neg: Udorn Duangdecha Udorn Duangdecha ( born 18 October 1970 ) is a Thai professional golfer .   Udorn plays on the Asian Tour where he has won once - the 2010 King 's Cup .