query: In the Heart of the Sea is a narrative in a visual medium.

pos: In the Heart of the Sea (film) In the Heart of the Sea is a 2015 adventure-drama film based on Nathaniel Philbrick 's non-fiction book of the same name , about the sinking of the American whaling ship Essex in 1820 , an event that inspired the novel Moby-Dick . An international co-production between the United States and Spain , it was directed and produced by Ron Howard and written by Charles Leavitt . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Benjamin Walker , Cillian Murphy , Tom Holland , Ben Whishaw and Brendan Gleeson .   It premiered in New York City on December 7 , 2015 and was released in cinemas in the United States on December 11 , 2015 by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In the Heart of the Sea received mixed reviews from critics , and grossed $ 93 million against a $ 100 million budget , making it a box office bomb .

neg: Lolicon , also romanised as lolikon or rorikon , is Japanese discourse or media focusing on the attraction to young or prepubescent girls . The term lolicon is a portmanteau of the phrase `` Lolita complex '' ; it describes an attraction to young or prepubescent girls , an individual with such an attraction , or lolicon manga or lolicon anime , a genre of manga and anime wherein childlike female characters are often depicted in an `` erotic-cute '' manner ( also known as ero kawaii ) , in an art style reminiscent of the shōjo manga ( girls ' comics ) style .   Outside Japan , lolicon is in less common usage and usually refers to the genre . The term is a reference to Vladimir Nabokov 's book Lolita , in which a middle-aged man becomes sexually obsessed with a twelve-year-old girl . It was first used in Japan in the 1970s and quickly became used to describe erotic dojinshi ( amateur comics ) portrayals of young girls .   Laws have been enacted in various countries , including in Japan , which regulate explicit content featuring children or childlike characters . Parent and citizens groups in Japan have organized to work toward stronger controls and stricter laws governing lolicon manga and other similar media . Studies of lolicon fans state that they are attracted to an aesthetic of cuteness rather than the age of the characters , and that collecting lolicon represents a disconnect from society .

neg: Transportation theory (psychology) Narrative transportation theory proposes that when people lose themselves in a story , their attitudes and intentions change to reflect that story . The mental state of narrative transportation can explain the persuasive effect of stories on people , who may experience narrative transportation when certain contextual and personal preconditions are met , as Green and Brock postulate for the transportation-imagery model . As Van Laer , De Ruyter , Visconti , and Wetzels elaborate further , narrative transportation occurs whenever the story receiver experiences a feeling of entering a world evoked by the narrative because of empathy for the story characters and imagination of the story plot .

neg: The arts The arts is a general term for the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures . Major constituents of the arts include literature -- including poetry , novels and short stories , and epic poetry ; performing arts -- among them music , dance , and theatre ; culinary arts such as baking , chocolatiering , and winemaking ; media arts like photography and cinematography , and visual arts -- including drawing , painting , ceramics , and sculpting . Some art forms combine a visual element with performance ( e.g. film ) or artwork with the written word ( e.g. comics ) . From prehistoric cave paintings to modern day films , art serves as a vessel for storytelling and conveying humankind 's relationship with its environment .

neg: Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened  `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . '   `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay .   Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) .   Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' ''  ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) .   Implications   Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied .   Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) .   Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) .   Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) .   Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World .   Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 .   Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham ,  NC : Duke University Press .   Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 .   Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis .   Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .

neg: Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism .   In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .

neg: Classical Hollywood cinema Classical Hollywood cinema , classical Hollywood narrative , and classical continuity are terms used in film criticism which designate both a narrative and visual style of film-making which developed in and characterized US American cinema between 1917 and the early 1960s and eventually became the most powerful and pervasive style of film-making worldwide .

neg: Theme (narrative) In contemporary literary studies , a theme is the central topic a text treats . Themes can be divided into two categories : a work 's thematic concept is what readers `` think the work is about '' and its thematic statement being `` what the work says about the subject '' .   The most common contemporary understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story , which can often be summed in a single word ( e.g. love , death , betrayal ) . Typical examples of themes of this type are conflict between the individual and society ; coming of age ; humans in conflict with technology ; nostalgia ; and the dangers of unchecked ambition . A theme may be exemplified by the actions , utterances , or thoughts of a character in a novel . An example of this would be the thematic idea of loneliness in John Steinbeck 's Of Mice and Men , wherein many of the characters seem to be lonely . It may differ from the thesis -- the text 's or author 's implied worldview .   A story may have several themes . Themes often explore historically common or cross-culturally recognizable ideas , such as ethical questions , and are usually implied rather than stated explicitly . An example of this would be whether one should live a seemingly better life , at the price of giving up parts of one 's humanity , which is a theme in Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World . Along with plot , character , setting , and style , theme is considered one of the components of fiction .

neg: Light characteristic A light characteristic is a graphic and text description of a navigational light sequence or colour displayed on a nautical chart or in a Light List with the chart symbol for a lighthouse , lightvessel , buoy or sea mark with a light on it . The graphic indicates how the real light may be identified when looking at its actual light output type or sequence . Different lights use different colours , frequencies and light patterns , so mariners can identify which light they are seeing .

neg: Heart of the Beholder Heart of the Beholder is a 2005 drama film that was written and directed by Ken Tipton . It is based on Tipton 's own experience as the owner of a chain of videocassette rental stores in the 1980s . Tipton and his family had opened the first videocassette rental stores in St. Louis in 1980 ; their business was largely destroyed by a campaign of Christian fundamentalists who objected to the chain 's carrying the film The Last Temptation of Christ for rental .   The film won `` Best Feature Film '' awards at several film festivals . Critic Ryan Cracknell summarized the film , `` There 's no shortage of material for writer-director Ken Tipton to work with here . That alone makes Heart of the Beholder a film of interest . It is in many ways a politically charged film as it touches on issues of freedom of speech , religious beliefs and all out fanaticism . Still , I did n't think it was charged with enough balance and I think a large part had to do with the film 's inconsistent pacing . ''

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Telltale Telltale may refer to :  Telltale ( TV series ) , a 1993 ITV miniseries , starring Bernard Hill and Nigel Harrison  Tell-tale , an indicator or sign of something  Tell-Tale ( film ) , a 2009 film based on `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' by Edgar Allan Poe  Telltale Games , a video game developer  Telltale ( Rainbow ) , a group of musicians known for their work on the 1970s British TV series Rainbow  Telltale ( automotive ) , a type of automotive lighting

neg: Odyssey Productions Odyssey Productions ( formerly Odyssey Visual Design ) is the former name of a California-based photography and 3-D computer animation company founded in 1983 by Steven Churchill in partnership with Adrian Turcotte . It was the first San Diego company to produce 3-D computer animation and its clients have included Coca-Cola , General Dynamics , Union Oil , Southwestern Cable , Metrocast , Honda , and a number of TV stations across the country .   While Odyssey focused primarily on 35mm back-lit motion graphics and special effects for the first 5 years of its existence , its award-winning release of the world 's first home entertainment video of computer animation , State Of the Art Of Computer Animation in 1988 brought about a shift in focus to 3D computer animation . The accolades and sales successes achieved by State Of the Art Of Computer Animation prompted the 1990 release of The Mind 's Eye : A Computer Animation Odyssey , a title that would become the first member of the successful The Mind 's Eye series . The next decade ( 1990 -- 2000 ) would be taken up almost entirely with the production of 19 feature-length 3-D computer animated package films for home release .   The company 's name became Odyssey Productions in 1995 and the last 12 3D computer animated films were released under this name . In 2003 the company again changed its name to AnimationTrip and broadened its focus to encompass photography to a greater extent . Under this new corporate name , the company added a business enterprise in 2004 focused primarily on photographic art and has launched a series of international art exhibitions in San Diego , California called the Art of Photography Show and the Art of Digital Show . Since 2006 , exhibiting photographic art and promoting photo artists has been the full focus of the business . In 2010 the company was named PhotoCulture , Inc. .

neg: Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes .   Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .

neg: Social practice (art) Social practice is an art medium that focuses on engagement through human interaction and social discourse . Since it is people and their relationships that form the medium of such works -- rather than a particular process of production -- social engagement is not only a part of a work 's organization , execution or continuation , but also an aesthetic in itself : of interaction and development . Socially engaged art aims to create social and/or political change through collaboration with individuals , communities , and institutions in the creation of participatory art . The discipline values the process of a work over any finished product or object .   Artists working in social practice co-create their work with a specific audience or propose critical interventions within existing social systems that inspire debate or catalyze social exchange . The large overlap between social practice and pedagogy demonstrates the need for art education to embrace collaborative practice . Social practice work focuses on the interaction between the audience , social systems , and the artist through aesthetics , ethics , collaboration , methodology , antagonism , media strategies , and social activism . The social interaction component inspires , drives , or , in some instances , completes the project . Although projects may incorporate traditional studio media , they are realized in a variety of visual or social forms ( depending on variable contexts and participant demographics ) such as performance , social activism , or mobilizing communities towards a common goal . The diversity of approaches pose specific challenges for documenting social practice work , as the aesthetic of human interaction changes rapidly and involves many people simultaneously . Consequently , images frequently fail to do justice to the engagement and interactions that take place during a project .

neg: List of To Heart episodes To Heart is a 1999 Japanese anime television series based on the visual novel To Heart by the Japanese software company Leaf . The episodes , produced by the animation studio Oriental Light and Magic , are directed by Naohito Takahashi and aired in Japan between April 1 and June 24 , 1999 compiling thirteen episodes . Six short bonus broadcasts were produced and aired after selected episodes . They lasted around five minutes and followed the general style of the main anime , although the characters are drawn super deformed . The overall story centers on Akari Kamigishi 's blossoming relationship with the protagonist Hiroyuki . Three pieces of theme music were used for the episode ; one opening theme and two ending themes . The opening theme is `` Feeling Heart '' by Masami Nakatsukasa ; the first ending theme is `` Yell '' by Ayako Kawasumi , and the second ending theme is `` Access '' by Spy . Different ending themes were used depending on the location of the broadcast . The DVD and VHS releases used `` Yell '' as the ending theme . A set of six DVDs , videotapes and laserdiscs were sold in Japan for the To Heart anime .   To Heart was licensed for North American release by The Right Stuf International at Anime Expo 2004 on July 3 , 2004 at their panel . Volume one was scheduled for late 2005 , but the master copies Right Stuf received from Japan were in bad shape , delaying the release . Because To Heart was animated in the process of cel animation , it was captured onto film prior to conversion to video , and the video master showed dirt , glue marks , and other artifacts as a result of the process . Normally the original film would be restored to create a new master , but in this case the original film had been destroyed . As a result , the only choice was to digitally restore and remaster the video . All thirteen episodes and the six bonus extra was released on four DVD volumes between March 27 and August 28 , 2007 .   A sequel anime series entitled To Heart : Remember My Memories is set a year after the conclusion of the first anime and completes the anime 's storyline ( deviating from the visual novel ) . The future of Akari , Hiroyuki , and Multi are also shown . The Himeyuri twins from To Heart 2 make their debut appearances in To Heart : Remember My Memories as speaking cameos . The anime , which was produced by AIC and Oriental Light and Magic , and directed by Keitaro Motonaga , aired in Japan between October 2 and December 25 , 2004 compiling thirteen episodes . The episodes were released on seven DVD compilation volumes in Japan . Seven short omake episodes titled Heart Fighters were released with the consumer DVD versions of To Heart : Remember My Memories ; they are not available on rental DVDs . Unlike the bonus shorts of the first season , the characters are not drawn super deformed and there is an overall arching mini-story . The humor comes from its parodies of popular Japanese culture .   An anime television series for To Heart 2 was produced by Oriental Light and Magic and directed by Norihiko Sudō . Conisch and Kei Haneoka provided the soundtrack for the series . The episodes aired between October 3 , 2005 and January 2 , 2006 consisting of thirteen episodes . A three-episode original video animation series was produced by Aquaplus and Chaos Project with a new , original story . It was released on three DVDs between February 28 and September 28 , 2007 . A second OVA series titled To Heart 2 : Another Days , was released on two DVDs , each containing an episode , between March 26 and August 8 , 2008 .

neg: Heart (Stars album) Heart is an album by the Canadian indie rock band Stars , released on Paper Bag Records in Canada and on Arts & Crafts in the USA .   The album features three regional covers : the Canadian cover features a man embracing a woman resting on his lap , the US cover features a billboard with a girl 's eyes gazing onward and the European cover features three girls spying out of a porthole .   The album was originally released with a bonus promotional sampler of acts with current releases on Paper Bag , including Matthew Barber , Hawaii , The FemBots and Uncut . Two tracks from Heart were repeated on the sampler , along with a non-album bonus track , `` Timeless . ''   The US release includes a hidden bonus track , a live version of `` The Comeback '' , originally taken from the 2001 EP of the same name . The track `` Look Up '' uses an English horn solo from the beginning of the third movement of Symphonie Fantastique by Berlioz and the track `` The Woods '' contains quotes from the movie Grey Gardens , the famed cult-classic documentary from 1975 . Videos for the songs `` Elevator Love Letter '' and `` Look Up '' were shot to promote this album .   The album was recorded in the bedroom of keyboard player Chris Seligman on Avenue Mont-Royal in Montreal .

neg: Tinta Invisible Tinta Invisible is a romantic verse story written by Nicaraguan poet Max L. Lacayo . This poetry book was published in Managua , Nicaragua , in October 2010 by the Esquipulas Publishing house .   Composition   The book is composed of 22 parts , the majority of which are subdivided into 2 or 3 sections .   Literary technique   In Tinta Invisible the poet/narrator uses a poetic technique that resorts to a narrative tone , to a very innovative space and rhythm . This invites the reader to become familiar with the work , to fuse itself in it and to maintain the interest until the end . The author tries to attract the interest of potential poetry lovers and to promote the almost lost interest for this literary genre .  In its totality , the story is narrated in verses . As a peculiar thing , the parts and the sections of the story have their own life , constituting something complete on their own . There we see poems within poems and stories within the story .   Historical context   Tinta Invisible 's story takes place in the first decade of the 21st century , in a historical frame recognizable by the vertiginous height of the social networks . Those places in the Internet whose reality is undeniable since they exist for the human encounter and the social interaction and in them the individual finds popularity , social integration , education , and bonds of affection and business .   Characters   Diana , poet/muse and the poet/narrator , who reencountered by accident in the social networks of the indomitable virtual world . The development of that friendship is initiated with an interchange of memories that takes them by splendid literary courses and it drags them to a sweeping romance . They are the protagonists of an evocative story of poetry , coincidences and love .   Genesis of the story   The writing of this work took place between October 2009 and June 2010 , to be published in July of the same year . Having published two works in English in 2009 , not separated of that creative current , the author initiated this work inspired by his new participation in the social networks . It is there where Lacayo is inspired , sometimes outside reality , to catch with invisible ink the provocation of the cybernetic dreams .   Interpretation   Tinta Invisible is a romantic story that takes place in its own virtual world . Philosophically , there is an influence of platonic conception in this work . Literarily , we find reminiscences of Pedro Calderon de la Barca . And as far as the time of this idyllic story , we experience the 21st century in its entire splendor . Thus , these verses thread a story that the readers will appreciate like something immanent .   Contribution and originality   In her prologue to Tinta Invisible the writer and journalist Maria Lourdes Pallais indicates what she considers the great contribution of this innovating work : The exquisite balance that it achieves between several worlds .   Pallais explains it : as well as the author of the Great Theater of the World reflected in his work the magnificent but also contradictory 17th century , the most complicated of Spanish history , Lacayo introduces , and places the reader , in this new world of the social networks , the quickest and most untamed until now , where there are no countries , much less borders . Where everything can be what is , or the other way around , or quite the opposite . Where the fantasy , within a certain basic protocol of communication , is the common denominator of the human relations .   According to Pallais , Lacayo achieves a memorable narrative concert between the Calderonian classic story , the modern poetry shades of Rubén Darío , the colors Matisse style , and the postmodern context of the social networks , the new bars of the 21st century .   Poet Blanca Castellón expresses his appreciation for this work in this fashion : `` Max L. Lacayo interlaces verse and prose and leads us in loving passage , by the footpath where the intense sensuality shines , refreshing and vital . The same inexplicable magic that ignites the dawns . ''   Poet Ariel Montoya indicates : `` Max L. Lacayo in his poetic narrative of Tinta Invisible explores the route of the affectionate current of the human feeling and let us clearly see that poetry and the search for the amorous encounter , as virtual bonds , only come to reinforce our romantic reality . ''   The most outstanding Nicaraguan newspapers have announced the publication of Tinta Invisible . La Prensa Literaria dedicated a whole page to part I of the book . El Nuevo Diario and Bolsa de Noticias , gave account of the release of this work .   About the author   Max L. Lacayo was born in Managua , Nicaragua . Nicaragua is a country with a passion for literature in general and for poetry in particular . He emigrated to the United States in 1979 as a political refugee . Lacayo was educated in New Orleans , where he obtained a postgraduate in Economics . He has experience in the oil industry , teaching and writing . And he has a passion for the arts and politics . Since very young he cultivated Literature , among others disciplines . At 14 , he founded the scholastic magazine El Heraldo Juvenil , and was named director of the magazine of the Literary Academy Alfonso Cortés in the Instituto Pedagógico de Managua . Periodically he writes opinion articles in Nicaraguan newspapers and in the 80s he wrote some articles in the Times Picayune in New Orleans . He worked as Teaching Assistant in the Faculty of Economic Sciences at the University of New Orleans and as Instructor of Macroeconomics at the Houston Community College ( 1995 ) and recently created an economic indicator . He likes to paint , to invent mathematical games and in one occasion he composed the music to accompany one of his poems . In 2009 Max L. Lacayo published two books : a screenplay , The American Ambassador and a poetry book , My Bare Essence . And in 2010 he published Tinta Invisible , a romantic story written in verses .

neg: Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. .   Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. .   Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .

neg: The Sea (2013 film) The Sea is a 2013 British-Irish drama film directed by Stephen Brown . It is based on the novel of the same name by John Banville , who also wrote the screenplay for the film . The film premiered in competition at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 23 June 2013 . The film had its North American premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival .

neg: Religious image A religious image is a work of visual art that is representational and has a religious purpose , subject or connection . All major historical religions have made some use of religious images , although their use is strictly controlled and often controversial in many religions , especially Abrahamic ones . General terms associated with religious images include cult image , a term for images , especially in sculpture which are or have been claimed to be the object of religious worship in their own right , and icon strictly a term for Eastern Orthodox religious images , but often used more widely , in and outside the area of religion .


query: Wild Ones is from Flo Rida's second studio album.

pos: Wild Ones (song) `` Wild Ones '' is a song by American rapper Flo Rida from his fourth studio album of the same name . The song features vocals by Australian recording artist Sia . It was produced by soFLY & Nius and Axwell , whilst the lyrical content was written by Rida , soFLY & Nius , Sia , Axwell , Jacob Luttrell , Marcus Cooper and Niklaas Vogel-Kern . The engineering and recording of the record was handled by Skylar Mones . Lyrically , the song contracts themes including partying , love and dancing while the musical composition is an uptempo dance-pop song that is influenced by house music and electro house .   It was released as the album 's second single and title track on December 19 , 2011 in the United States . The single peaked at number one in New Zealand , Australia , Canada and Norway , whilst it peaked inside the top forty in every country chart it charted on . It charted at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 .   The music video was released , featuring Flo Rida having fun with his friends . Furler , however was not featured in the final video . This song along with `` Good Feeling '' was selected to serve as one of the official theme songs to WrestleMania XXVIII and it was also featured in The Rock 's Road to Wrestlemania vignettes where he prepares for his match with John Cena at the event . Flo Rida performed the songs `` Good Feeling '' and `` Wild Ones '' live at the event to precede Rock 's entrance for the match . With 6.5 million copies sold globally as of December 2012 , it is one of the best-selling singles in history .

neg: Loca (Shakira song) `` Loca '' ( `` Crazy '' ) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , taken from her seventh studio album , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) . It was released by Epic Records as the lead single from the album . The Spanish-language version features Dominican rapper El Cata , and was released on 10 September 2010 , while the English-language version features British rapper Dizzee Rascal , and was released on 13 September 2010 . It was written and produced by Shakira , with additional songwriting from Edward Bello , Armando Pérez , and Dylan Mills . The song is a Latin pop and merengue track that lyrically describes Shakira 's eccentric infatuation with a man . In August 2014 , a senior US district judge found `` Loca '' to have been indirectly plagiarised from `` Loca con su Tiguere '' , a mid-1990s song composed by Dominican songwriter Ramon `` Arias '' Vasquez . The case was dismissed in August 2015 after it was found that Vasquez had fabricated the evidence he had presented in court .   Upon its release , `` Loca '' received generally favourable reviews from music critics , who complimented the inclusion of merengue music on the recording . The English version of the song became a worldwide commercial success and peaked inside the top five of the record charts of countries including Austria , Belgium , France , Hungary and Italy . The Spanish version peaked atop the charts of Spain and Switzerland , and became a hit on the Latin record charts in the United States , topping the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts . `` Loca '' received record certifications in various countries around the world , including a diamond certification in Colombia and multi-platinum certifications in Italy , Mexico , and Spain .   Its accompanying music video was filmed in Barcelona , Spain in August 2010 , and was released the following month . It features Shakira interacting with a beach crowd , and dancing in front of the sea wearing a golden bikini . It generated a favourable response from critics , many of whom praised its concept for matching the vibe of the song . For additional promotion , Shakira performed `` Loca '' on several television shows and on her The Sun Comes Out World Tour .

neg: The Pussycat Dolls discography The discography of American girl group The Pussycat Dolls consists of two studio albums , one extended play , two live albums , 14 singles , two promotional singles and 13 music videos . To date , the group has sold 15 million albums and 40 million singles worldwide .   In 2003 , Robin Antin struck a joint venture with Interscope Records to develop the Pussycat Dolls into a recording group . In 2004 , the group made their musical debut by releasing a cover of `` Sway '' , for the soundtrack to the film , Shall We Dance ? .   Their self-titled debut album was released in September 2005 and it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 . It earned double platinum certification in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , and 3 × platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and 4 × platinum the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The album 's lead single , `` Do n't Cha '' , peaked atop the charts in 15 countries and reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Its follow-up singles , `` Stickwitu '' and `` Buttons '' were also a commercial success peaking in the top five on charts worldwide . After the success of their debut album , The Pussycat Dolls released their first video album , Pussycat Dolls : Live from London in 2006 to coincide with the group 's headlining world tour . As of 2008 , PCD has sold 3 million copies in the United States .   After a three-year hiatus in hopes to further Scherzinger 's own solo career , the group reunited to record their second and final studio album , Doll Domination in September 2008 . Scherzinger began to receive a larger input in the recording process as co-writer and co-producer of the album . Doll Domination garnered a higher peak position than PCD of number four on Billboard 200 , but failed to match its predecessor 's commercial success . Its lead single `` When I Grow Up '' became another top ten single for the group . `` I Hate This Part '' was released as the second single and managed to attain similar success . In early 2009 , Doll Domination was re-released as two compilation albums . The lead single from Doll Domination 2.0 was `` Jai Ho ! ( You Are My Destiny ) '' which reached number one in 17 countries and follow-up single `` Hush Hush ; Hush Hush '' reached the top 20 worldwide . In 2010 , the original recording group line-up disbanded .

neg: Lil Freak `` Lil Freak '' is a song by American recording artist Usher , taken from his sixth studio album , Raymond v. Raymond . Featuring guest vocals by Trinidadian recording artist Nicki Minaj , the song was written by her , Usher , Ester Dean , Blac Elvis and Polow da Don , the latter two producing the track . Its hook is based on a manipulated sample of American soul musician Stevie Wonder 's 1973 hit , `` Living for the City '' . `` Lil Freak '' was released as the second single from the album in the United States and Canada on March 2 , 2010 .   Carrying a dark tone , composed of heavy bass beats derived from R&B and hip hop music , the lyrics are about the thrill of orchestrating a ménage à trois in a club . The song received positive reviews from critics who complimented its sensual nature . It peaked at number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 , and eight on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs , becoming Usher 's 16th top ten hit on the latter chart . The song 's accompanying music video has a secret society concept , dealing with an underground club , playing on the storyline of the song .

neg: You Make the Rain Fall `` You Make the Rain Fall '' is the second single from American musician Kevin Rudolf 's second studio album To the Sky . The single features American rapper Flo Rida . The single was released on September 14 , 2010 , and has already received airplay on AOL Radio 's New Pop First Radio station and MuchMusic .

neg: Melodie (album) Melodie is the second studio album by the German rapper Cro . It was released on by the hip-hop label Chimperator Productions in both a standard and deluxe edition . The album debuted at No. 1 of the German , Austrian , and Swiss album charts .

neg: Hollywood (Flavor Flav album) This is the self-titled debut solo album by hip-hop artist Flavor Flav . It is the only non-Public Enemy album made by him . The album was in production for at least seven years with the oldest track being `` Hot 1 '' , first released as a single in 1999 . The only guest appearance is from Smooth B of Nice & Smooth . Ol' Dirty Bastard , The Beatnuts and Ce Ce Peniston had been slated to appear on the album , but did not make the cut . This album is sometimes mistakenly referred to as `` Hollywood '' due to the image of the sign on the front of the album but it is self-titled .   The songs `` Flavor Man '' and `` Col-Leepin '' later appeared on Public Enemy 's 2007 album How You Sell Soul To A Soulless People Who Sold Their Soul ? .

neg: Wild Things (film) Wild Things is a 1998 American erotic thriller film directed by John McNaughton , and stars Matt Dillon , Neve Campbell , Kevin Bacon , Denise Richards and Theresa Russell .   An `` uncut '' version , adding seven minutes to its runtime , was released on DVD in 2004 and includes a change to Kelly and Suzie 's relationship . The film gained notoriety for featuring several sex scenes -- in particular , one involving a man and two women simultaneously -- that were more explicit than is typically seen in mainstream , big-budget Hollywood releases . It spawned several direct-to-DVD sequels that were released in 2004 , 2005 and 2010 .   The film has a MPAA rating of R for `` strong sexuality , nudity , language and violence '' .

neg: I Need a Girl (Part One) `` I Need a Girl ( Part One ) '' is a single by American rapper P. Diddy with the collaboration of Usher and Loon from the album We Invented the Remix . In 2004 , the song was featured in the Bad Boys compilation R&B Hits . Along with `` I Need a Girl ( Part Two ) '' , P. Diddy achieved a rare occurrence by having two parts of a song become chart hits . Part one peaked at # 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ( behind Ashanti 's `` Foolish '' ) and # 1 on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart . It also charted on the UK Singles Chart at # 4 . Billboard ranked this song # 15 on their year end charts in 2002 .

neg: Wild Boy (song) `` Wild Boy '' is a song by American rapper MGK . The song , released September 27 , 2011 , serves as the lead single from his debut EP Half Naked & Almost Famous ( 2012 ) . The single features American rapper Waka Flocka Flame and was produced by GB Hitz and Southside . The song was initially included on his third mixtape Rage Pack , and later included on his major-label debut studio album Lace Up .

neg: Lucky Day (Shaggy album) Lucky Day is the sixth studio album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy . The album was released on October 29 , 2002 . The album peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200 and later reached Gold certification . Three singles were released from the album : `` Hey Sexy Lady '' , `` Strength of a Woman '' and `` Get My Party On '' . The album featured guest appearances from Shaggy 's longtime collaborators Brian and Tony Gold , as well as a guest appearance from Chaka Khan . The song `` We Are the Ones '' was included on the album `` Barbie Mix '' which was released to promote the My Scene dolls .

neg: Wild Ones (Flo Rida album) Wild Ones is the fourth studio album by American rapper Flo Rida . It was released on July 3 , 2012 . Wild Ones had four Top 10 singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 , when the singles , `` Good Feeling '' , `` Wild Ones '' , `` Whistle '' , and `` I Cry '' charted , at 3 , 5 , 1 , and 6 respectively .

neg: Whistle (Flo Rida song) `` Whistle '' is a song by American rapper Flo Rida from his fourth album Wild Ones ( 2012 ) . It was released on April 24 , 2012 as the third single from the album . `` Whistle '' was written by Flo Rida , David Glass , Marcus Killian , Justin Franks , Breyan Isaac and Antonio Mobley while production was handled by DJ Frank E and Glass . It is a song about oral sex .   `` Whistle '' is a pop-rap song characterized by a whistling melody . Upon its release , the song received mostly mixed reviews from music critics . They generally praised its pop sound , noting that it had the potential of becoming another hit with its `` catchy '' hook . However , several critics gave a negative review for the lyrics , interpreted as a thinly veiled euphemism for oral sex , calling it `` the least subtle song ever '' . The song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Flo Rida 's third number one hit and his first since 2009 's `` Right Round '' . `` Whistle '' was a commercial success , topping the charts in some countries , including Australia , Israel and Sweden , and peaked within the top ten of the charts in others , including Denmark , the Netherlands , Spain and the United Kingdom .   An accompanying music video for the song , directed by Marc Klasfeld , was released on May 24 , 2012 . It was filmed in Acapulco , Mexico and makes use of split screen at various points . It mostly shows shots of Flo Rida and several girls on a beach . Upon its release , it received positive to mixed reviews from critics , who noted that it was a perfect accompaniment for the song . Flo Rida also promoted the song by performing it during the finale of the talent show , The Voice . This song is the second track on Now 44 . The cover image of the single also drew praise for its subtlety and originality .

neg: Poetica (iiO album) Poetica is the first album by the New York City based dance music act iiO . It was released in March 2005 .   Six tracks from the album were released as singles ; `` Rapture '' , `` At the End '' , `` Smooth '' , `` Runaway '' , `` Kiss You '' and `` Is it Love ? '' .

neg: No Hay Igual `` No Hay Igual '' ( `` There Is No Equal '' ) is a song by Canadian singer Nelly Furtado from her third studio album Loose ( 2006 ) . It was written and produced by Furtado , Tim `` Timbaland '' Mosley , Nate `` Danja '' Hills and Nisan Stewart , with vocal production by Jim Beanz . While working with Timbaland and Danja at The Hit Factory in Miami , Florida , Pharrell Williams introduced her to reggaeton , a musical genre that was unfamiliar to her . After he played a song for her , Furtado became inspired and wrote the lyrics to `` No Hay Igual '' `` nearly on the spot '' . It is a hip hop and reggaeton song in which Furtado sings and raps in Spanish over a reggaeton rhythm .   `` No Hay Igual '' was released as the lead single of Loose on 11 April 2006 by Geffen Records . It received generally positive reviews from music critics with some of them calling the song a highlight on Loose and praising its production . A music video for the remix of `` No Hay Igual '' with Calle 13 was shot in La Perla , San Juan , Puerto Rico . The video features Furtado and Pérez characters in various situations throughout the slum astride such as eating ice cream and playing pool . Furtado performed a medley of `` No Hay Igual '' with `` Party '' ( Whoa , Nelly ! , 2002 ) on the Get Loose Tour in 2007 . The live performance was included on Furtado 's first live album Loose : The Concert ( 2007 ) .

neg: Greenlight (Pitbull song) `` Greenlight '' is a song by American rapper Pitbull . It was released for digital download on July 22 , 2016 as the second single of his tenth studio album Climate Change , through RCA Records , Polo Grounds Music , and Mr. 305 Inc. . The song 's production was handled by Dr. Luke and Cirkut and features guest vocals from American recording artist Flo Rida and features a hook from LunchMoney Lewis .

neg: Unleashed (Hurricane Chris album) Unleashed is the second studio album by American rapper Hurricane Chris . It was released on December 21 , 2009 , by Polo Grounds Music and J Records . This record would later be his final studio release with Polo Grounds and J Records . Recording sessions took place from 2008 to 2009 , featuring the executive production from Hurricane Chris himself , alongside Bryan Leach and Anthony Murray . Aside from the executive production , the album features the production from Play-N-Skillz , Shawty Redd and Fiend , among others .   The album was supported by two singles : `` Halle Berry ( She 's Fine ) '' featuring Superstarr , and `` Headboard '' featuring Mario and Plies , which both of these singles did not have success on the music charts . Upon its release , the album received mixed or average reviews from critics . Unleashed did not chart internationally , however , it reached at number 46 on the US Billboards R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , and number 20 on the US Billboards Top Rap Albums charts , respectively .

neg: Wild Thing (The Troggs song) `` Wild Thing '' is a song written by Chip Taylor . Originally recorded by American rock band The Wild Ones in 1965 , `` Wild Thing '' is best known for its 1966 cover by the English rock band The Troggs , which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in July 1966 . The song peaked at No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart .   As performed by The Troggs , `` Wild Thing '' is ranked # 261 on the Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .

neg: Sorry for Party Rocking Sorry for Party Rocking is the second studio album by LMFAO . It was released June 21 , 2011 physically and digitally by Interscope Records as the follow-up to their debut album Party Rock ( 2009 ) . `` Party Rock Anthem '' was the first single released from the album and was an international hit . The second single was `` Champagne Showers '' and reached number eight in New Zealand , and nine in Australia . It became an international hit , also charting in France , Ireland , and Austria . The third single , `` Sexy and I Know It '' was released on September 16 , 2011 . It peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and also topped the charts in Australia , Canada , and New Zealand . `` Sorry for Party Rocking '' was released on January 9 , 2012 as the fourth single from the album and peaked at number eight in Belgium , 16 in France , 18 in Ireland , 19 on the US Pop Songs , 23 in the United Kingdom , 27 in New Zealand , 31 in Canada , 32 in Australia , and 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 .

neg: We Are the Streets We Are the Streets is the second studio album by hip hop group The Lox . The album was released on January 25 , 2000 , by Ruff Ryders Records and Interscope Records . It was their second album as a group , and is mainly produced by Swizz Beatz . Its commercial success was driven primarily by the hit singles `` Wild Out , '' produced by Swizz Beatz , and `` Ryde or Die , Bitch '' , produced by Timbaland .


query: Jesus ceased living.

pos: Jesus Jesus ( -LSB- ˈdʒiːzəs -RSB- ; c. 4 BC -- c. AD 30/33 ) , also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ , was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity . Christians believe him to be the Son of God and the awaited Messiah ( Christ ) prophesied in the Old Testament .   Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically , although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus . Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry , preaching his message orally and often being referred to as `` rabbi '' . He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities , and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate , the Roman prefect . Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow God , performed healings , taught in parables and gathered followers . After his death , his followers believed he rose from the dead , and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church .   His birth is celebrated annually on December 25 ( or various dates in January for some eastern churches ) as a holiday known as Christmas , his crucifixion is honored on Good Friday , and his resurrection is celebrated on Easter . The widely used calendar era `` AD '' , from the Latin anno Domini ( `` in the year of the Lord '' ) , and the alternative `` CE '' , are based on the approximate birth date of Jesus .   Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit , was born of a virgin named Mary , performed miracles , founded the Church , died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement , rose from the dead , and ascended into Heaven , whence he will return . Most Christians believe Jesus enables humans to be reconciled to God . The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection , an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology . The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son , the second of three persons of a Divine Trinity . A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism , wholly or partly , as non-scriptural .   In Islam , Jesus ( commonly transliterated as ) is considered one of God 's important prophets and the Messiah . Muslims believe Jesus was a bringer of scripture and was born of a virgin but was not the Son of God . The Quran states that Jesus himself never claimed divinity . To most Muslims , Jesus was not crucified but was physically raised into Heaven by God .   Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited Messiah , arguing that he did not fulfill Messianic prophecies and asserting that his resurrection is a Christian legend .

neg: Shroud of Turin The Shroud of Turin or Turin Shroud ( Sindone di Torino , Sacra Sindone -LSB- ˈsaːkra ˈsindone -RSB- or Santa Sindone ) is a length of linen cloth bearing the image of a man who is alleged to be Jesus of Nazareth . The cloth itself is believed by some to be the burial shroud he was wrapped in when he was buried after crucifixion although three radiocarbon dating tests in 1988 dated a sample of the cloth to the Middle Ages . The shroud is kept in the royal chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Turin , northern Italy . The Catholic Church has neither formally endorsed nor rejected the shroud , but in 1958 Pope Pius XII approved of the image in association with the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus . Pope John Paul II called the Shroud `` a mirror of the Gospel '' .   The origins of the shroud and its images are the subject of intense debate among theologians , historians and researchers . Diverse arguments have been made in scientific and popular publications claiming to prove that the cloth is the authentic burial shroud of Jesus , based on disciplines ranging from chemistry to biology and medical forensics to optical image analysis . In 1988 , a radiocarbon dating test dated a corner piece of the shroud from the Middle Ages , between the years 1260 and 1390 , which is consistent with the shroud 's first known exhibition in France in 1357 . Articles published from 2000 - 2015 have highlighted concerns about this dating , and aspects of the 1988 test continue to be debated in some circles , but meaningful challenges to the dating result have so far been unsuccessful . According to Christopher Ramsey of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit in 2011 , `` there are various hypotheses as to why the dates might not be correct , but none of them stack up . ''   The image on the shroud is much clearer in black-and-white negative than in its natural sepia color , and this negative image was first observed in 1898 on the reverse photographic plate of amateur photographer Secondo Pia , who was allowed to photograph it while it was being exhibited . A variety of methods have been proposed for the formation of the image , but the actual method used has not yet been conclusively identified . Despite numerous investigations and tests , the status of the Shroud of Turin remains murky , and the nature of the image and how it was fixed on the cloth remain puzzling . The shroud continues to be both intensely studied and controversial .

neg: Matthew 27:61 Matthew 27:61 is the sixty-first verse of the twenty-seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . This verse describes two women waiting by the Tomb of Jesus after the crucifixion .   The original Koine Greek , according to Westcott and Hort , reads :  ην δε εκει μαριαμ η μαγδαληνη και η αλλη μαρια καθημεναι απεναντι του ταφου   In the King James Version of the Bible it is translated as :  And there was Mary Magdalene , and the other Mary , sitting over against the sepulchre .   The modern World English Bible translates the passage as :  Mary Magdalene was there , and the other Mary , sitting opposite the tomb .   For a collection of other versions see here :   The tense of this verse specifically contrasts it with the previous one . In that verse Joseph of Arimathea leaves after supervising the burial of Jesus . In contrast the two Marys stay . There is no mention of the women leaving , but they presumably do so prior to the sabbath , and also prior to the arrival of the guards that are dispatched in the next verses .   Mary Magdalene and `` the other Mary '' who is presumed to be `` Mary the mother of James and Joses , and the mother of the sons of Zebedee '' mentioned at Matthew 27:57 . In some traditions the second Mary is considered to be the same person as Salome . Matthew has these two women present for the crucifixion , the entombment , and the resurrection . By specifically mentioning these women at all three events the author of Matthew presents a set of witnesses to the entire passion narrative . This serves an apologetic purpose , evidence that the resurrection was not a matter of confusion . By having the women present at the entombment , there is not possibility that they could confuse tombs when the same women return at Matthew 28:1 . That the text so clearly strives to make such a story impossible , is evidence that similar allegations were likely circulating at the time the gospel was written . Keener considers it unlikely that the loyalty of the women is purely apologetic . Women witnesses were given less weight than male ones in that era . Moreover a group of Passionate female followers could have clear scandalous undertones , and in Keener 's view would not have been invented for that reason . Matthew 27:55 mentions that many women were at the crucifixion , but now only two appear . The rest of the women may have fled in the same manner as the disciple .   This verse is based on Mark 15:47 , and paralleled by Luke 23:55 .

neg: Persecution of Christians in the New Testament The persecution of Christians in the New Testament is an important part of the Early Christian narrative which depicts the early Church as being persecuted for their heterodox beliefs by a Jewish establishment in what was then Roman occupied Iudaea province .   The New Testament , especially the Gospel of John ( c. 90 -- 100 AD ) , has traditionally been interpreted as relating Christian accounts of the Pharisee rejection of Jesus and accusations of the Pharisee responsibility for his crucifixion . The Acts of the Apostles depicts instances of early Christian persecution by the Sanhedrin , the Jewish religious court at the time . However , the historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles is disputed .   Walter Laqueur argues that hostility between Christians and Jews grew over the generations . By the 4th century , John Chrysostom was arguing that the Pharisees alone , not the Romans , were responsible for the murder of Christ . However , according to Laqueur : `` Absolving Pilate from guilt may have been connected with the missionary activities of early Christianity in Rome and the desire not to antagonize those they want to convert . ''

neg: Herod Antipas Herod Antipater ( Ἡρῴδης Ἀντίπατρος , Hērǭdēs Antipatros ; born before 20 BC -- died after 39 AD ) , known by the nickname Antipas , was a 1st-century ruler of Galilee and Perea , who bore the title of tetrarch ( `` ruler of a quarter '' ) and is referred to as both `` Herod the Tetrarch '' and `` King Herod '' in the New Testament although he never held the title of king . He is best known today for accounts in the New Testament of his role in events that led to the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth .   After being named to the throne by Augustus upon the death of his father , Herod the Great , in 4 BC , and subsequent ethnarch rule by his brother , Herod Archelaus , Antipas ruled Galilee and Perea as a client state of the Roman Empire . He was responsible for building projects at Sepphoris and Betharamphtha , and more important for the construction of his capital Tiberias on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee . Named in honor of his patron , the emperor Tiberius , the city later became a center of rabbinic learning .   Antipas divorced his first wife Phasaelis , the daughter of King Aretas IV of Nabatea , in favour of Herodias , who had formerly been married to his half-brother Herod II . ( Antipas was Herod the Great 's son by Malthace , while Herod II was his son by Mariamne II . ) According to the New Testament Gospels , it was John the Baptist 's condemnation of this arrangement that led Antipas to have him arrested ; John was subsequently put to death in Machaerus . Besides provoking his conflict with the Baptiser , the tetrarch 's divorce added a personal grievance to previous disputes with Aretas over territory on the border of Perea and Nabatea . The result was a war that proved disastrous for Antipas ; a Roman counter-offensive was ordered by Tiberius , but abandoned upon that emperor 's death in 37 AD . In 39 AD Antipas was accused by his nephew Agrippa I of conspiracy against the new Roman emperor Caligula , who sent him into exile in Gaul . Accompanied there by Herodias , he died at an unknown date .   The Gospel of Luke states that Jesus was first brought before Pontius Pilate for trial , since Pilate was the governor of Roman Judea , which encompassed Jerusalem where Jesus was arrested . Pilate initially handed him over to Antipas , in whose territory Jesus had been most active , but Antipas sent him back to Pilate 's court .

neg: The Day of the Lord This is about the eschatological term ; see Lord 's Day for the Christian term for `` Sunday '' .   `` The Day of the Lord '' is a biblical term and theme used in both the Hebrew Bible ( Old Testament ; -LSB- יֹום YHWH , יְהוָה -RSB- ) and the New Testament ( -LSB- ἡμέρα Lord #Religion , κυρίου -RSB- ) , as in `` The sun shall be turned into darkness , and the moon into blood , before the great and the terrible day of the come '' ( Joel 2:31 , cited in Acts 2:20 ) .   In the Hebrew bible , the meaning of the phrases refers to temporal events such as the invasion of a foreign army , the capture of a city and the suffering that befalls the inhabitants . This appears much in the second chapter of Isaiah .   In the New Testament , the `` day of the Lord '' may also refer to the writer 's own times , or it may refer to predicted events in a later age of earth 's history including the final judgment and the World to Come .  The expression may also have an extended meaning in referring to both the first and second comings of Jesus Christ .

neg: Saint Joseph's dreams Saint Joseph 's dreams are four dreams described in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament in which Joseph , the legal father of Jesus , is visited by an angel of the Lord and receives specific instructions and warnings of impending danger . All four dreams come from the period around the Nativity of Jesus and his early life , from betwwen Mary 's pregnancy and the return from the Flight to Egypt . They are often distinguished by numbers as `` Joseph 's first dream '' and so on .   The dreams have been fairly frequently depicted in art , though they have never been among the most common subjects from the Life of Jesus in art or the Life of the Virgin . The second dream is most often depicted , and if there is no other indication it can be assumed that is the subject .

neg: Imitation of Christ In Christian theology , the Imitation of Christ is the practice of following the example of Jesus . In Eastern Christianity the term Life in Christ is sometimes used for the same concept .   The ideal of the Imitation of Christ has been an important element of both Christian ethics and spirituality . References to this concept and its practice are found in the earliest Christian documents , e.g. the Pauline Epistles .   Saint Augustine viewed the imitation of Christ as the fundamental purpose of Christian life , and as a remedy for the imitation of the sins of Adam . Saint Francis of Assisi believed in the physical as well as the spiritual imitation of Christ , and advocated a path of poverty and preaching like Jesus who was poor at birth in the manger and died naked on the cross . Thomas à Kempis , on the other hand , presented a path to The Imitation of Christ based on a focus on the interior life and withdrawal from the world .   The theme of imitation of Christ existed in all phases of Byzantine theology , and in the 14th century book Life in Christ Nicholas Cabasilas viewed `` living one 's own personal life '' in Christ as the fundamental Christian virtue .

neg: General judgment General judgment is the Christian theological concept of a judgment of the dead by nation and as a whole . It is related closely to Judgment Day and often is just another phrase for the Last Judgment or Final Judgement , but is not necessarily part of any eschatology . It is generally contrasted with a particular judgment right after death .   The position is hinted at in several places in the Old Testament and in the New , and the Catholic Encyclopedia says ( here referring to the Last Judgment ) `` Few truths are more often or more clearly proclaimed in Scripture than that of the general judgment '' . When the individual dies , general judgment holds that the person 's final dispensation will await the general judgment of the dead at the end of the world , rather than be judged immediately . Additionally , `` general judgment '' may refer not only to the judging of each person , but also to the judgment of nations and peoples .   The concept of Last Judgment is similar but unique . Various Last Judgment scenarios represent different forms of a general judgment , such as a global last judgment or a national last judgment . It is more concerned with the depictions and descriptions of particular versions .   Jesus provided examples and illustrations of judgments against cities and generations . Jesus warned his contemporaries that the men of Nineveh , who repented at the preaching of Jonah , and the Queen of the South would testify against them in the judgment . In the context of dispatching emissaries , Jesus asked them to shake off the dust of cities that would not receive them . In the same speech , Jesus declared woes upon the cities of Chorazin and Bethsaida declaring that the cities of Sodom , Tyre , and Sidon would have a more tolerable outcome in the judgement .

neg: Jesus bloodline The Jesus bloodline is a hypothetical sequence of lineal descendants of the historical Jesus , often by Mary Magdalene , usually portrayed as his wife . Differing and contradictory versions of a Jesus bloodline hypothesis have been proposed in numerous books by authors such as Louis Martin ( 1886 ) , Donovan Joyce ( 1973 ) , Andreas Faber-Kaiser ( 1977 ) , Barbara Thiering ( 1992 ) , Margaret Starbird ( 1993 ) , and various websites . Dan Brown 's novel The Da Vinci Code used the premise for its plot line . The 2007 documentary The Lost Tomb of Jesus proposed that evidence existed to show that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene and that their son was named Judah , based upon inscriptions found on ossuaries discovered in Jerusalem in 1980 . Biblical scholar and author James Tabor has recently affirmed his belief in a married Jesus , while Karen King announced the discovery of text in a Coptic papyrus fragment , alleged to be a translation of a lost 2nd century Gospel , in which Jesus is made to refer to `` my wife '' . That fragment is now considered by most experts to be a fake .   Hypothetical Jesus bloodlines should not be confused with the biblical genealogy of Jesus or the historical relatives of Jesus and their descendants , who are known as the Desposyni .

neg: Afterfeast An Afterfeast is a period of celebration attached to one of the Great Feasts celebrated by the Orthodox Christian and Eastern Catholic Churches ( somewhat analogous to what in the West would be called an Octave ) .   The celebration of the Great Feasts of the church year are extended for a number of days , depending upon the particular Feast . Each day of an Afterfeast will have particular hymns assigned to it , continuing the theme of the Feast being celebrated . At each of the divine services during an Afterfeast , the ( Gk . ) troparion and ( Gk . ) kontakion of the feast are read or chanted . The ( Gk . ) canon of the feast will usually be chanted on every day of the Afterfeast ( if two canons were chanted on the day of the feast , they will be alternated on the days of the afterfeast ) . Some of the Great Feasts of the Lord will have a special canon composed of only three odes , called a ( Gk . ) Triode , which will be chanted at Compline on each day of the Afterfeast .   Most of these Great Feasts also have a day or more of preparation called a Forefeast ( those Feasts that are on the moveable Paschal Cycle do not have Forefeasts ) . Forefeasts and Afterfeasts will affect the structure of the services during the Canonical Hours .   The last day of an Afterfeast is called the Apodosis ( Gk . `` leave-taking '' , lit . `` giving-back '' ) of the Feast . On the Apodosis , most of the hymns that were chanted on the first day of the Feast are repeated . On the Apodosis of Feasts of the Theotokos , the Epistle and Gospel from the day of the Feast are repeated again at the Divine Liturgy .   The Forefeasts and Afterfeasts break down as follows :   Four of these Afterfeasts have a special commemoration on the day following the Feast , called a ( Gk . ) Synaxis . In this context , a Synaxis commemorates a saint who is intimately bound up with the Feast being celebrated . The four Synaxes are :  Synaxis of Ss . Joachim and Anna ( 9 September -- the day after the Nativity of the Theotokos )  Synaxis of the Theotokos ( 26 December -- the day after the Nativity of our Lord )  Synaxis of the Forerunner ( 7 January -- the day after the Theophany of our Lord )  Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel ( 26 March -- the day after the Annunciation ) If the Annunciation falls during Holy Week the Synaxis is omitted .   Other Great Feasts that have Afterfeasts ( although no Forefeasts ) are :  The Nativity of the Forerunner ( June 24 )  The Beheading of the Forerunner ( August 29 )  The Feast of the Holy Apostles , ( Gk . ) Peter and Paul ( June 29 ) .  Each of these three has only 1 day of Afterfeast , and no Apodosis . These are not counted among the Twelve Great Feasts ( i.e. , Great Feasts of the Lord or Theotokos ) .   Even though the Patronal Feast of a parish church or monastery is treated as a Great Feast , it has no Forefeast or Afterfeast .   The Feast of the Procession of the Cross ( August 1 ) , though it is not counted as a Great Feast , has one day of Forefeast , and no Afterfeast .

neg: Johannine Christianity Johannine Christianity refers to an ancient Christian community of uncertain existence , which placed great emphasis on the teachings of Jesus , particularly as revealed through the Gospel of John .   Starting as a community of early followers of Jesus who `` defined themselves rather starkly against the Jewish milieu in which they arose , these believers cultivated an intense devotion to Jesus as the definitive revelation of God 's salvific will . They understood themselves to be in intimate contact with him and with one another , under the guidance of the Spirit-Paraclete . They were conscious of their relationship to other believers with whom they hoped to be in eventual union . Their piety found distinctive expression in a reflective literary corpus that explored new ways of expressing faith in Jesus . '' ( Attridge 2006 )   `` Their common life included ritual actions known to other followers of Jesus , but they insisted on the unique spiritual value of those rites . Disputes eventually divided the community . By the middle of the second century some representatives of the Johannine tradition achieved a respected role in the emerging ` great church ' , the interconnected web of believers throughout the Mediterranean that provided mutual support and maintained fellowship under the leadership of emerging episcopal authorities . The Johannine community of the first century bequeathed to the universal church its distinctive literary corpus and estimation of Jesus , which came to dominate the development of later Christian orthodoxy . Other representatives of Johannine Christianity , nurturing alternative strands of tradition , influenced various second-century movements , characterized by their opponents and much modern scholarship as ` Gnostic ' . '' ( Attridge 2006 )

neg: Matthew 7:28 Matthew 7:28 is the twenty-eighth verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . It forms the first part of a two verse conclusion following the Sermon on the Mount .   In the original Greek according to Westcott-Hort this verse is :  και εγενετο οτε ετελεσεν ο ιησους τους λογους  τουτους εξεπλησσοντο οι οχλοι επι τη διδαχη αυτου   In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads :  And it came to pass , when Jesus had ended these  sayings , the people were astonished at his doctrine :   The World English Bible translates the passage as :  When Jesus had finished saying these things ,  the multitudes were astonished at his teaching ,   This verse parallels portions of Luke 4:32 and Luke 7:1 , with one of the Gospel writers greatly modifying the source material . It also links back the Matthew 5:1 , the first verse of the Sermon on the Mount .   `` Finished saying theses things '' is a standard phrase used by Matthew to end a discourse by Jesus , also being found at Matthew 11:1 , 13:53 , 19:1 , and 26:1 . It makes clear that the Gospel is concluding a section . The term may be based on Old Testament sources . Another common Matthean feature is his mention of the crowds or multitudes . Matthew adds crowds of followers in several verses that are lacking them in Luke . The word translated as astonished can mean both amazed with wonder and overwhelmed with fear , though this verse could very well intend both meanings .

neg: Matthew 2:22 Matthew 2:22 is the twenty-second verse of the second chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . The young Jesus and the Holy Family have just left Egypt after hearing of the death of King Herod .   In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads :  But when he heard that Archelaus  did reign in Judaea in the room  of his father Herod , he was afraid  to go thither : notwithstanding ,  being warned of God in a dream , he  turned aside into the parts of Galilee :   The World English Bible translates the passage as :  But when he heard that Archelaus  was reigning over Judea in the  place of his father , Herod , he  was afraid to go there . Being  warned in a dream , he withdrew  into the region of Galilee   For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 2:22   Upon Herod 's death his kingdom was divided in three . Judea went to his son Archelaus , who was as great a tyrant as his father . Most notably he killed some 3000 rebels soon after ascending the throne . His cruelty aroused such popular anger that in 6 AD Archelaus was deposed by the Romans in response to complaints from his subjects . As a result the Romans began directly appointing a governor for the area , with Pontius Pilate being a notable example . The concern Joseph expresses in this verse thus fits with what is known from the history of the period . The decision to go to Galilee was also a reasonable one . That region was ruled by Herod 's far more even-tempered son Herod Antipas and there is evidence that the region had become a refuge to others fleeing the rule of Archelaus or the Romans .   One incongruity is that the word translated as reign , more precisely means `` reign as a king . '' This is incorrect , unlike his father Archelaus was only an ethnarch , not a king . Most scholars , even evangelical ones , are content to accept this as the author of Matthew simply being imprecise . There have also been several attempts to explain the discrepancy . Jones notes that Augustus ' decision that Archelaus would only be granted the title of ethnarch occurred six months into his reign . Jones thus thinks it possible that during these first months Archelaus did call himself king , and it would have been during this period that Joseph returned from Egypt .   Joseph is again given important information in a dream . However , this time the author of Matthew does not report on its origin . The vocabulary of the passage and the previous instances make most scholars accept this to be another message from God .   The Gospel of Luke mentions none of this . Most scholars believe this is because Luke sees Nazareth as Joseph 's original home , and thus sees no reason to explain why he returns there . Much time is spent explaining why the family was in Bethlehem at the time of Jesus ' birth . Matthew has the opposite view seeing Bethlehem as the family 's original home , as demonstrated by them having a house in Matthew 2:11 . It thus needs to go into some detail explaining why they eventually move to Nazareth . The important word is that translated as `` withdrew '' in the WEB . Gundry notes that the author of Matthew would have used return if Nazareth was Joseph 's original home and `` withdrawing '' implies leaving for a new location . Schweizer sees this as unambiguous proof that Matthew has Joseph originally from Bethlehem . Evangelicals , of course , reject this view . France states that the author of Matthew does not discuss Joseph 's origin in Nazareth because of his `` typical avoidance of unnecessary detail . ''

neg: Fallen angel A fallen angel is a wicked or rebellious angel that has been cast out of heaven . The term `` fallen angel '' does not appear in the Bible , but it is used of angels who sinned ( such as those referred to in , `` For if God did not spare angels when they sinned , but cast them into hell and committed them to chains of gloomy darkness to be kept until the judgment ... '' ) , of angels cast down to the earth in the War in Heaven , of Satan , demons , or of certain Watchers . The term has become popular in fictional literature regarding angels .   Mention of angels who descended to Mount Hermon ( not `` fell '' to Earth ) is found in the Book of Enoch , which the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church accept as canonical , as well as in various pseudepigrapha .

neg: Four last things In Christian eschatology , the Four Last Things or four last things of man ( quattuor novissima ) are Death , Judgment , Heaven , and Hell , the four last stages of the soul in life and the afterlife . They are often commended as a collective topic for pious meditation ; Saint Philip Neri wrote , `` Beginners in religion ought to exercise themselves principally in meditation on the Four Last Things . '' Traditionally , the sermons preached on the four Sundays of Advent were on the Four Last Things .   The 1909 Catholic Encyclopedia states `` The eschatological summary which speaks of the ` four last things ' ( death , judgment , heaven , and hell ) is popular rather than scientific . For systematic treatment it is best to distinguish between ( A ) individual and ( B ) universal and cosmic eschatology '' . Pope John Paul II wrote in 1984 that the `` judgment '' component encompasses both particular judgment and general judgment .

neg: James, brother of Jesus James ( Hebrew : יעקב Ya'akov ; Greek Ἰάκωβος Iákōbos , can also be Anglicized as Jacob ) , who died in martyrdom in 62 or 69 AD , was an important figure of the Apostolic Age . Other epithets used to refer to James include James the Just , or a variation of James , brother of the Lord . Roman Catholic tradition generally holds that this James is to be identified with James , son of Alphaeus , and James the Less . It is agreed by most that he should not be confused with James , son of Zebedee .   Catholics and Orthodox , as well as some Anglicans and Lutherans , believe in the perpetual virginity of Mary ; they teach that James , along with others named in the New Testament as `` brothers '' of Jesus , were not the biological children of Mary , but were possibly cousins of Jesus or step-brothers from a previous marriage of Joseph .

neg: Crucifixion darkness The Crucifixion darkness is an episode in three of the Canonical Gospels in which the sky becomes dark in daytime during the crucifixion of Jesus .   Ancient and medieval Christian writers treated this as a miracle , and believed it to be one of the few episodes from the New Testament which were confirmed by non-Christian sources ; modern scholars , however , have found no contemporary references to it outside the New Testament .   Modern scholarship , noting the way in which similar accounts were associated in ancient times with the deaths of notable figures , sees the phenomenon as a literary invention that attempts to convey a sense of the power of Jesus in the face of death , or a sign of God 's displeasure with the Jewish people . Scholars have also noted the ways in which this episode appears to draw on earlier biblical accounts of darkness from the Book of Amos and the Book of Exodus .

neg: Matthew 7:29 Matthew 7:29 is the twenty-ninth , and final , verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . It ends a two verse conclusion following the Sermon on the Mount .   In the Westcott-Hort edition of the original Greek , this verse reads :  ην γαρ διδασκων αυτους ως εξουσιαν  εχων και ουχ ως οι γραμματεις αυτων   In the King James Version of the Bible , the text reads :  For he taught them as one having  authority , and not as the scribes .   The English Standard Version translates the passage as :  for he was teaching them as one who  had authority , and not as their scribes .   In the previous verse , the crowd of onlookers were described as astonished at Jesus ' sayings ( τους λογους τουτους , tous logous toutous ) which complete Matthew 's narrative known as the `` Sermon on the Mount '' , and this verse explains why . The final phrase is a verbatim copy of , set in a very different context . Mark 's Gospel simply asserts Jesus ' authority ; Matthew uses it as a concluding argument after presenting the Sermon on the Mount as evidence .   In some translations this verse refers to their scribes . Ulrich Luz suggests that this is a clear indicator that Jesus ' followers saw themselves as separate from the mainstream Jewish community at the time this gospel was written . Scribes refers to the trained rabbis who would quote scribal authorities , and makes clear that Jesus is greater than the most important rabbi . A sermon by the rabbis would have been replete with references to scripture to validate each teaching . The contrast presented by Matthew is that Jesus speaks based on his own authority , not that of past figures .   A few authorities add '' ... and the Pharisees '' ( e.g. Wycliffe 's Bible , the Vulgate Latin , the Syriac , the Persic versions , and the Hebrew edition of Matthew by Munster ) . The Pulpit Commentary suggests that this `` may either be derived from or be an independent gloss due to the fact that the Pharisees were looked upon as the typical Jewish teachers '' .

neg: Is God Dead? `` Is God Dead ? '' was an April 8 , 1966 , cover story for the news magazine Time . A previous article , from October 1965 , had investigated a trend among 1960s theologians to write God out of the field of theology . The 1966 article looked in greater depth at the problems facing modern theologians , in making God relevant to an increasingly secular society . Modern science had eliminated the need for religion to explain the natural world , and God took up less and less space in people 's daily lives . The ideas of various scholars were brought in , including the application of contemporary philosophy to the field of theology , and a more personal , individual approach to religion .   The issue drew heavy criticism , both from the broader public and from clergymen . Much of the criticism was directed at the provocative magazine cover , rather than the content of the article . The coverall black with the words `` Is God Dead ? '' in large red textmarked the first time in the magazine 's history that text with no accompanying image was used . In 2008 , the Los Angeles Times named the `` Is God Dead ? '' issue among `` 10 magazine covers that shook the world '' .