query: Alfred Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein produced Rope.

pos: Rope (film) Rope is a 1948 American film noir psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton , and adapted by Hume Cronyn and Arthur Laurents .   The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions . Starring James Stewart , John Dall and Farley Granger , this is the first of Hitchcock 's Technicolor films , and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single continuous shot through the use of long takes .  It is the second of Hitchcock 's `` limited setting '' films , the first being Lifeboat .  The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb .

neg: Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Pitfall (1948 film) Pitfall is a 1948 American film noir crime film directed by Andre DeToth . The film is based on the novel The Pitfall by Jay Dratler and features Dick Powell , Lizabeth Scott , Jane Wyatt , and Raymond Burr .

neg: Sidney Sheldon Sidney Sheldon ( February 11 , 1917 -- January 30 , 2007 ) was an American writer and producer .   He came to prominence in the 1930s , first working on Broadway plays and then in motion pictures , notably writing the successful comedy The Bachelor and the Bobby Soxer ( 1947 ) which earned him an Academy Award . He went on to work in television , where his works spanned a 20-year period during which he created The Patty Duke Show ( 1963 -- 66 ) , I Dream of Jeannie ( 1965 -- 70 ) and Hart to Hart ( 1979 -- 84 ) . He became most famous after he turned 50 and began writing best-selling romantic suspense novels , such as Master of the Game ( 1982 ) , The Other Side of Midnight ( 1973 ) and Rage of Angels ( 1980 ) . He is the seventh best selling fiction writer of all time .

neg: British and Dominions Imperial Studios British and Dominions Imperial Studios was a short-lived British film production company located at Imperial Place , Elstree Way , Borehamwood , Hertfordshire that was active from 1929 to 1936 , when it ceased production when the studio facilities were destroyed by fire .   British and Dominion Imperial was a successor to British National Pictures , which began operations in 1925 and was taken over by British International Pictures in 1927 . In the horizontal integration industrial production paradigm that characterized the motion picture industry before the Great Depression , British and Dominion Imperial was incorporated for the purpose of physically producing sound films , and the new studio at Borehamwood was the first purpose-built sound studio in Europe . Blackmail ( 1929 ) , directed by Alfred Hitchcock and the first British talkie , was made at the facility by the company .   Other filmmakers who worked for British and Dominions Imperial included producer Anthony Havelock-Allan , who made Lancashire Luck ( 1937 ) there . Alexander Korda 's London Films produced The Private Life of Henry VIII , which featured an Oscar-winning performance by Charles Laughton , at British and Dominion Imperial .   The studio was destroyed by fire on 9 February 1936 . The Herbert Wilcox production London Melody ( 1937 ) had to be completed at Pinewood Studios .   In 1996 , a plaque was placed at the location of the former studio .

neg: Scenes from a Marriage Scenes from a Marriage ( Scener ur ett äktenskap ) is a 1973 Swedish Television miniseries written and directed by Ingmar Bergman , and starring Liv Ullmann and Erland Josephson . The story explores the disintegration of the marriage between Marianne , a family lawyer specializing in divorce , and Johan , spanning a period of 10 years . Bergman 's teleplay draws on his own experiences , including his relationship with Ullmann . It was shot on a small budget in Stockholm and Fårö in 1972 .   After initially airing on Swedish TV in six parts , the miniseries was condensed into a theatrical version and received positive reviews in Sweden and internationally . Scenes from a Marriage was also the subject of controversy for its perceived influence on rising divorce rates in Europe . The film was ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and several other honours .   The miniseries and film version influenced filmmakers such as Woody Allen and Richard Linklater . It was followed by a sequel , Saraband , in 2003 , and stage adaptations .

neg: Run for the Sun Run for the Sun is a 1956 Technicolor thriller adventure film released by United Artists , the third film to officially be based on Richard Connell 's classic suspense story , `` The Most Dangerous Game '' , after both RKO 's The Most Dangerous Game ( 1932 ) , and their remake , A Game of Death ( 1945 ) . This version stars Richard Widmark , Trevor Howard , and Jane Greer , and was directed by Ray Boulting from a script written by Boulting and Dudley Nichols . Connell was credited for his short story .   Howard is the wealthy reclusive man who enjoys hunting down human beings like wild game . In this adaptation , the expatriate Russian general is transformed into a British traitor hiding in the Mexican jungle with a fellow Nazi war criminal played by Peter van Eyck . Their prey are Widmark , portraying a Hemingway-like but reclusive novelist , and Greer , playing a journalist for a periodical resembling Life Magazine who has tracked down the novelist 's whereabouts .

neg: Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to .   Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified .   The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: The Red Snowball Tree The Red Snowball Tree ( -LSB- Калина красная , Kalina krasnaya -RSB- ) is a 1974 Soviet drama film directed by Vasily Shukshin . It was the most successful film of that year . In total the film was watched by over 140 million people . German film director and screenwriter Rainer Werner Fassbinder included The Red Snowball Tree in the top ten of his favorite films .

neg: Crime Does Not Pay (radio series) Crime Does Not Pay was an anthology radio crime drama series based on MGM 's short film series which began in 1935 with Crime Does Not Pay : Buried Loot . The shows were transcribed at MGM 's New York station , WMGM .   Written by Ira Marion and directed by Marx B. Loeb , the radio program aired in New York on WMGM for two years ( October 10 , 1949-October 10 , 1951 ) , including repeats . It moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System for its final run ( January 7-December 22 , 1952 ) .   For the most part , actors who appeared in B-films were featured , but occasionally one of MGM 's major stars would make an appearance . Actors in the series included Bela Lugosi , Everett Sloane , Ed Begley , John Loder and Lionel Stander . After the play , the actors usually returned to speak with the audience .   Composer-conductor John Gart furnished the music .

neg: Melville Shavelson Melville Shavelson ( April 1 , 1917 -- August 8 , 2007 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and author . He was President of the Writers Guild of America , West ( WGAw ) from 1969 to 1971 , 1979 to 1981 , and 1985 to 1987 . He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope 's joke writers , a job he held for the next five years . He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate ( 1944 ) , Where There 's Life ( 1947 ) , The Great Lover ( 1949 ) , and Sorrowful Jones ( 1949 ) , which also starred Lucille Ball . Shavelson also worked as a writer on Hope 's radio show , The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope .   Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay -- first for 1955 's The Seven Little Foys , starring Hope in a rare dramatic role , and then for 1958 's Houseboat . He shared both nominations with Jack Rose . He also directed both films .   Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James ( 1957 ) , The Five Pennies ( 1959 ) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award , It Started in Naples ( 1960 ) , On the Double ( 1961 ) , The Pigeon That Took Rome ( 1962 ) , A New Kind of Love ( 1963 ) , Cast a Giant Shadow ( 1966 ) , and Yours , Mine and Ours ( 1968 ) , which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball . Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows .   He also wrote , produced and co-directed the six-hour ABC screenplay to the 1979 television miniseries Ike , based on the World War II exploits of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower . It featured an all star cast including Robert Duvall and Lee Remick .   Shavelson 's autobiography , published by BearManor Media in April 2007 , is entitled How to Succeed in Hollywood Without Really Trying , P.S. - You Ca n't ! Shavelson wrote several other books , including , with Mr. Hope , `` Do n't Shoot , It 's Only Me : Bob Hope 's Comedy History of the United States '' ( Putnam , 1990 ) , and How to Make a Jewish Movie ( 1971 ) , a memoir of his experiences while producing and directing Cast a Giant Shadow , and the Hollywood-themed novel Lualda ( 1973 ) .   Shavelson was a noted instructor at USC 's Master of Professional Writing Program from 1998-2006 . He taught screenwriting , who often cracked to his students , `` I 'm a writer by choice , a producer by necessity and a director in self-defense . ''   He was an amateur radio operator and held the callsign W6VLH .   Shavelson 's first wife , Lucille , died in 2000 . He was married to his second wife , Ruth Florea , from 2001 until his death in 2007 . He had two children , Lynne Joiner and Richard Shavelson .

neg: Leopold and Loeb Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. ( November 19 , 1904 -- August 29 , 1971 ) and Richard Albert Loeb ( -LSB- ˈloʊb -RSB- June 11 , 1905 -- January 28 , 1936 ) , usually referred to collectively as Leopold and Loeb , were two wealthy students at the University of Chicago who in May 1924 kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Robert Franks in Chicago . They committed the murder -- widely characterized at the time as `` the crime of the century '' -- as a demonstration of their perceived intellectual superiority , which , they thought , rendered them capable of carrying out a `` perfect crime '' , and absolved them of responsibility for their actions .   After the two men were arrested , Loeb 's family retained Clarence Darrow as counsel for their defense . Darrow 's 12-hour-long summation at their sentencing hearing is noted for its influential criticism of capital punishment as retributive rather than transformative justice . Both men were sentenced to life imprisonment plus 99 years . Loeb was murdered by a fellow prisoner in 1936 ; Leopold was released on parole in 1958 .   The Franks murder has been the inspiration for several works of film , theatre , and literature , including Patrick Hamilton 's 1929 play Rope and Alfred Hitchcock 's 1948 film of the same name . Later movies , such as Compulsion -- adapted from Meyer Levin 's 1957 novel -- and Swoon , were also based on the crime .

neg: Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide .   The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting .   In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 .  The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount .   Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night .   Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City .   Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock filmography Alfred Hitchcock ( 1899 -- 1980 ) was an English director and filmmaker . Popularly known as the `` Master of Suspense '' for his use of innovative film techniques in thrillers , Hitchcock started his career in the British film industry as a title designer and art director for a number of silent films during the early 1920s . His directorial debut was the 1925 release The Pleasure Garden . Hitchcock followed this with The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog , his first commercial and critical success . It featured many of the thematic elements his films would be known for such as an innocent man on the run . It also featured the first of his famous cameo appearances . Two years later he directed Blackmail ( 1929 ) which was his first sound film . In 1935 Hitchcock directed The 39 Steps . Three years later he directed The Lady Vanishes starring Margaret Lockwood , and Michael Redgrave .   In 1940 Hitchcock transitioned to Hollywood productions , the first of which was the psychological thriller Rebecca starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine . He received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director , and the film won Best Picture . Hitchcock worked with Fontaine again the following year on the film Suspicion which also starred Cary Grant . In 1943 Hitchcock directed another psychological thriller Shadow of a Doubt which starred Teresa Wright and Joseph Cotten . Three years later he reunited with Grant on Notorious which also starred Ingrid Bergman . The film included a three minute intermittent kissing scene between the leads shot specifically to skirt the Motion Picture Production Code which at the time limited such scenes to three seconds . In 1948 Hitchcock directed Rope which starred James Stewart . The film was his first in Technicolor and is remembered for its use of long takes to make the film appear to be a single continuous shot . Three years later he directed Strangers on a Train ( 1951 ) .   Hitchcock collaborated with Grace Kelly on three films : Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) , Rear Window ( 1954 ) and To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) . For Rear Window , Hitchcock received a nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . 1955 marked his debut on television as the host of the anthology television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents which he also produced . In 1958 Hitchcock directed the psychological thriller Vertigo starring Stewart and Kim Novak . The film topped the 2012 poll of the British film magazine Sight & Sound of the 50 Greatest Films of All Time and also topped the American Film Institute 's Top Ten in the mystery genre . He followed this with the spy thriller North by Northwest ( 1959 ) which starred Grant and Eva Marie Saint . In 1960 he directed Psycho , the biggest commercial success of his career and for which he received his fifth nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . Three years later he directed horror film The Birds starring Tippi Hedren . The following year he reunited with Hedren on the film Marnie which also starred Sean Connery .   In recognition of his career , Hitchcock garnered the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) Fellowship Award , the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award , the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award , the Directors Guild of America 's Lifetime Achievement Award and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award . He received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame to acknowledge his film and television achievements . In 1980 Hitchcock received a knighthood .

neg: Running Time (film) Running Time is a 1997 independent crime thriller film written , produced & directed by Josh Becker . Principal cast members are Bruce Campbell , Jeremy Roberts and Anita Barone .   The movie was filmed in real time similar to Robert Wise 's noir boxing film The Set-Up ( 1949 ) . It also tracks as a continuous take with no cuts , rather like Alfred Hitchcock 's Rope ( 1948 ) . For aesthetic and practical reasons , Becker opted for black & white , offering a neo-Noir feel and giving him fewer problems in scene transitions .

neg: Twentieth Century (film) Twentieth Century is a 1934 American pre-Code screwball comedy film . Much of the film is set on the 20th Century Limited train as it travels from Chicago to New York City . The film was directed by Howard Hawks , stars John Barrymore and Carole Lombard , and features Walter Connolly , Roscoe Karns and Edgar Kennedy . Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur adapted their Broadway play of the same name -- itself based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland -- with uncredited contributions from Gene Fowler and Preston Sturges .   Along with Frank Capra 's It Happened One Night , also released in 1934 ( which amazingly has exactly the same music over the opening titles ) , Twentieth Century is considered to be a prototype for the screwball comedy . `` Howard Hawks ' rapid-fire romantic comedy established the essential ingredients of the screwball -- a dizzy dame , a charming but befuddled hero , dazzling dialogue and a dash of slapstick . '' Its success propelled Lombard into the front ranks of film comediennes . The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011 .

neg: Jeffrey Lynn Jeffrey Lynn ( born Ragnar Godfrey Lind ; February 16 , 1909 -- November 24 , 1995 ) was an American stage-screen actor and film producer who worked primarily through the Golden Age of Hollywood establishing himself as one of the premier talents of his time . Throughout his acting career , both on stage and in film , he was typecast as `` the attractive , reliable love interest of the heroine , '' or `` the tall , stalwart hero . ''   Born and raised in Massachusetts , he attended Bates College , before working as a teacher . He was tapped to act in his first film in 1938 , which convinced him to move to Hollywood , California . His second film -- Four Daughters ( 1938 ) -- propelled him into national fame sparking three squeals : Daughters Courageous ( 1939 ) , Four Wives ( 1939 ) and Four Mothers ( 1941 ) with Lynn reprising his role in each of them . He was at the center of the Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) screening controversy ; he was noted as the top contender to play Ashley Wilkes , however , the directer eventually chose Leslie Howard instead . Lynn was asked to join James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart in The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) , a gangster noir that garnered him critical praise . His success continued with such films as The Fighting 69th ( 1940 ) in which he portrayed poet-soldier Joyce Kilmer opposite Cagney , It All Came True ( 1940 ) , All This and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) and Million Dollar Baby ( 1941 ) .   His movie career was put on hold for World War II draft , where he received a Bronze Star for his service as a in Italy and Austria as a combat intelligence captain . He returned to the screen in 1948 and was in the notably successful , A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) , which went on to be nominated of best picture in the 1950 prime time Academy Awards . A year later he joined that cast of Home Town Story ( 1951 ) billed alongside Marilyn Monroe . His later film career credits include : BUtterfield 8 ( 1960 ) along with Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey , and Tony Rome ( 1967 ) with Frank Sinatra .   Lynn also began to act on Broadway and was featured in such plays as Any Wednesday ( 1966 ) and Dinner at Eight ( 1967 ) . Later on in his career he found mixed critical success television starring in hit shows such as Robert Montgomery Presents , Your Show of Shows , My Son Jeep ( with young Martin Huston ) , and Lux Video Theatre .   He died in November 1995 in Burbank , California from natural causes and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills . Actor Jeffrey Lynn `` Jeff '' Goldblum is named in honor of Jeffrey Lynn .

neg: To the Ends of the Earth (film) To the Ends of the Earth is a 1948 American crime film noir directed by Robert Stevenson and written by Sidney Buchman and Jay Richard Kennedy . The drama features Dick Powell and Signe Hasso .


query: Catherine Zeta-Jones is a Pisces.

pos: Pisces (astrology) Pisces ( -LSB- ˈpaɪsiːz -RSB- , pis ` eez ; Ἰχθύες Ikhthyes ) is the twelfth astrological sign in the Zodiac , originating from the Pisces constellation . It spans the 330 ° to 360 ° of the zodiac , between 332.75 ° and 360 ° of celestial longitude . Under the tropical zodiac the sun transits this area on average between February 19 and March 20 , and under the sidereal zodiac , the sun transits this area between approximately March 13 and April 13 . The symbol of the fish is derived from the ichthyocentaurs , who aided Aphrodite when she was born from the sea .   According to some tropical astrologers , the current astrological age is the Age of Pisces , while others maintain that it is the Age of Aquarius .

pos: Catherine Zeta-Jones Catherine Zeta-Jones , ( -LSB- ˈziːtə -RSB- born 25 September 1969 ) is a Welsh actress . Born and raised in Swansea , Zeta-Jones aspired to be an actress from a young age . In her early teens , she played roles in the West End productions of the musicals Annie and Bugsy Malone . She studied musical theatre at the Arts Educational Schools , London , and made her stage breakthrough with a leading role in a 1987 production of 42nd Street . Her screen debut came in the unsuccessful French-Italian film 1001 Nights ( 1990 ) , and she went on to find greater success as a regular in the British television series The Darling Buds of May ( 1991 -- 93 ) . Dismayed at being typecast as the token pretty girl in British films , Zeta-Jones relocated to Los Angeles .   Zeta-Jones initially established herself in Hollywood with roles that highlighted her sex appeal such as in the action film The Mask of Zorro ( 1998 ) and the heist film Entrapment ( 1999 ) . Critics praised her portrayal of a vengeful pregnant woman in Traffic ( 2000 ) and a murderous singer in the musical Chicago ( 2002 ) . The latter won her Academy and BAFTA Awards for Best Supporting Actress , among other accolades . She starred in high-profile films for much of the decade , including the black comedy Intolerable Cruelty ( 2003 ) , the heist film Ocean 's Twelve ( 2004 ) , the comedy The Terminal ( 2004 ) , and the romantic comedy No Reservations ( 2007 ) . Parts in smaller-scale features were followed by a decrease in workload , during which she returned to stage and portrayed an ageing actress in A Little Night Music ( 2009 ) , winning a Tony Award . Zeta-Jones continued to work intermittently in the 2010s , starring in the psychological thriller Side Effects ( 2013 ) and the action film Red 2 ( 2013 ) .   Zeta-Jones is the recipient of several accolades , including an Academy Award , a British Academy Film Award and a Tony Award , and in 2010 she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) for her film and humanitarian endeavours . She supports various charities and causes , and is a prominent celebrity endorser of brands . Her struggle with depression and bipolar II disorder has been well-documented by the media . She is married to the actor Michael Douglas with whom she has two children .

neg: Kappa Hydrae κ Hydrae , Latinised as Kappa Hydrae , is a solitary star in the equatorial constellation of Hydra . Its apparent visual magnitude is 5.06 , which is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye . The distance to this star is around 440 ly , based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.48 mas . It may be a variable star , meaning it undergoes repeated fluctuations in brightness by at least 0.1 magnitude .   This is an evolving B-type star with a stellar classification of B4 IV/V , having a luminosity class intermediate between a subgiant and a giant star . It has an estimated five times the mass of the Sun and 3.4 times the Sun 's radius . Kappa Hydrae has a high rate of spin with a projected rotational velocity of 115.0 km/s , and is only about 31 million years old . The star radiates 328 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 16,150 K.

neg: Zeta Mensae Zeta Mensae ( ζ Men , ζ Mensae ) is a white giant star in the constellation Mensa of type A5III . It has an magnitude of +5.61 and is about 126 parsecs or 414 light-years away .

neg: Epsilon Aquilae Epsilon Aquilae ( ε Aql , ε Aquilae ) is the Bayer designation for a binary star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila . It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.02 and is visible to the naked eye . Based upon an annual parallax of 21.05 mas , Epsilon Aquilae lies at a distance of approximately 155 ly from Earth . This is a spectroscopic binary system . The pair orbit each other over a period of 1,271 days ( 3.5 years ) with an eccentricity of 0.27 .   It has the traditional name Deneb el Okab , from an Arabic term ذنب العقاب ðanab al-cuqāb meaning `` the tail of the eagle '' , and the Mandarin names Woo and Yuë , derived from and represent the state Wu , an old state was located at the mouth of the Yangtze River , and Yue , an old state in Zhejiang province ( together with 19 Capricorni in Twelve States asterism ) . According to the R.H. Allen 's works , it shares names with ζ Aquilae . Epsilon Aquilae is more precisely called Deneb el Okab Borealis , because is situated to the north of Zeta Aquilae , which can therefore be called Deneb el Okab Australis .   The primary component of this system is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III . It has more than double the mass of the Sun and has expanded to ten times the Sun 's radius . It shines with 54 -- fold the Sun 's luminosity , which is being radiated from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 4,760 K . At this heat , it glows with the orange-hue of a K-type star . This has been designated a barium star , meaning its atmosphere is extremely enriched with barium and other heavy elements . However , this is disputed , with astronomer Andrew McWilliam ( 1990 ) finding normal abundances from an s-process .

neg: Delta Scuti variable A Delta Scuti variable ( sometimes termed dwarf cepheid ) is a variable star which exhibits variations in its luminosity due to both radial and non-radial pulsations of the star 's surface . The variables are important standard candles and have been used to establish the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud , globular clusters , open clusters , and the Galactic center . The variables follow a period-luminosity relation in certain passbands like other standard candles such as Cepheids . SX Phoenicis variables are generally considered to be a subclass of Delta Scuti variables that contain old stars , and can be found in globular clusters . SX Phe variables also follow a period-luminosity relation . The recently discovered Rapidly oscillating Ap stars are also a subclass of Delta Scuti variables , found on the main sequence . One last sub-class are the pre-main sequence ( PMS ) Delta Scuti variables .   The OGLE and MACHO surveys have detected nearly 3000 Delta Scuti variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud . Typical brightness fluctuations are from 0.003 to 0.9 magnitudes in V over a period of a few hours , although the amplitude and period of the fluctuations can vary greatly . The stars are usually A0 to F5 type giant or main sequence stars . The high-amplitude Delta Scuti variables are also called AI Velorum stars . They are the second most abundant variable source in the Milky Way after white dwarfs .   Delta Scuti stars exhibit both radial and non-radial luminosity pulsations . Non-radial pulsations are when some parts of the surface move inwards and some outward at the same time . Radial pulsations are a special case , where the star expands and contracts around its equilibrium state by altering the radius to maintain its spherical shape . The variations are due to the swelling and shrinking of the star through the Eddington Valve ( or Kappa ) Mechanism . The stars have a helium rich atmosphere . As helium is heated it becomes more ionised , which is more opaque . So at the dimmest part in the cycle the star has highly ionised opaque helium in its atmosphere blocking part of the light from escaping . The energy from this `` blocked light '' causes the helium to heat up , expand , ionise , become more transparent and therefore allow more light through . As more light is let through the star appears brighter and , with the expansion , the helium begins to cool down . Hence the helium contracts and heats up again and the cyclical process continues . Throughout their lifetime Delta Scuti stars exhibit pulsation when they are situated on the classical Cepheid instability strip . They then move across from the main sequence into the giant branch .   The prototype of these sorts of variable stars is Delta Scuti , which exhibits brightness fluctuations from +4.60 to +4.79 in apparent magnitude with a period of 4.65 hours . Other well known Delta Scuti variables include Altair , Denebola ( β Leonis ) and β Cassiopeiae . Vega ( α Lyrae ) is a suspected Delta Scuti variable , but this remains unconfirmed .

neg: Kepler (spacecraft) Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-size planets orbiting other stars . Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler , the spacecraft was launched on March 7 , 2009 , into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit .   Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets , Kepler sole scientific instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view . These data are transmitted to Earth , then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by exoplanets that cross in front of their host star .   Kepler is part of NASA 's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost , focused primary science missions . The telescope 's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory , with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system . The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development , mission operations since December 2009 , and scientific data analysis . The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years , but greater-than-expected noise in the data , from both the stars and the spacecraft , meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals . Initially , in 2012 , the mission was expected to be extended until 2016 , but on July 14 , 2012 , one of the spacecraft 's four reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft stopped turning , and completing the mission would only be possible if all other reaction wheels remained reliable . Then , on May 11 , 2013 , a second reaction wheel failed , disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission .   On August 15 , 2013 , NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels . This meant the current mission needed to be modified , but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet hunting . NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans `` potentially including an exoplanet search , using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters '' . On November 18 , 2013 , the K2 `` Second Light '' proposal was reported . This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller , dimmer red dwarfs . On May 16 , 2014 , NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension .   , Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 star systems , along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates . Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler K2 mission . In November 2013 , astronomers estimated , based on Kepler space mission data , that there could be as many as 40 billion rocky , Earth-size exoplanets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way . It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars . The nearest such planet may be 12 ly away , according to the scientists .   On January 6 , 2015 , NASA announced the 1,000 th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope . Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars : three of the four , Kepler-438b , Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b , are almost Earth-size and likely rocky ; the fourth , Kepler-440b , is a super-Earth . On May 10 , 2016 , NASA verified 1,284 new exoplanets found by Kepler , the single largest finding of planets to date .   Since 1988 , over 3,000 exoplanets have been confirmed by all detection methods , including the Kepler mission ( specifically , planets in planetary systems , including multiple planetary systems , have been confirmed , as of ) .

neg: Gamma Piscis Austrini Gamma Piscis Austrini ( γ Piscis Austrini ) is binary star system in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus . It is visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +4.448 . As of 2010 , the pair had an angular separation of 4 arc seconds along a position angle of 255 ° . Based upon an annual parallax shift of 15.14 mas as seen from the Earth , the system is located about 215 light years from the Sun .   The magnitude 4.59 primary , component A , is a white-hued , chemically peculiar A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of . It is an estimated 214 million years old with 2.63 times the mass of the Sun . The fainter magnitude 8.20 companion , component B , is an F-type main sequence star with a class of F5 V.   Gamma Piscis Austrini is moving through the Galaxy at a speed of 24.1 km/s relative to the Sun . Its projected Galactic orbit carries it between 21,600 and 30,800 light years from the center of the Galaxy . It came closest to the Sun 1.8 million years ago when it had brightened to magnitude 3.78 from a distance of 157 light years .

neg: Zeta Aquilae Zeta Aquilae ( ζ Aql , ζ Aquilae ) is a double star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila . It has the traditional name Deneb el Okab , meaning `` the tail of the eagle '' . As a third magnitude star , Zeta Aquilae is readily visible with the naked eye . Parallax measurements place it at a distance of approximately 83 ly from Earth .

neg: Eta Piscis Austrini Eta Piscis Austrini ( η Piscis Austrini ) is binary star system in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus . As of 2000 , the two components had an angular separation of 1.818 arc seconds along a position angle of 113.4 ° . The pair have a combined apparent visual magnitude of +5.43 , which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye . Based upon an annual parallax shift of 3.99 mas as seen from the Earth , the system is located roughly 820 light years from the Sun .   The magnitude 5.7 primary , component A , is a blue-white hued Be star with a stellar classification B8 V . At the age of 115 , the star is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 265 . It has an estimated four times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 604 times the solar luminosity at an effective temperature of 11,272 K . The secondary , component B , has a visual magnitude of 6.8 .   Eta Piscis Austrini is moving through the Galaxy at a speed of 11.3 km/s relative to the Sun . Its projected Galactic orbit carries it between 23,600 and 30,800 light years from the center of the Galaxy .

neg: Virginids The Virginids are a meteor shower . There are many major and minor meteor shower streams that occur during the Virginid Complex , including the Alpha Virginids , Gamma Virginids , Eta Virginids , Theta Virginids , Iota Virginids , Lambda Virginids , Mu Virginids , Pi Virginids , and Psi Virginids , and March Virginids , emanating mostly from the constellation Virgo between February and May . Collectively , the shower normally lasts from late January to mid-April and into early May , peaking in March and April , with one to two meteors per hour on average . The main radiant shifts southeastwards from central Leo in late January to central Virgo near Spica in mid-May .

neg: Catherine Schell Catherine Schell ( born Katherina Freiin Schell von Bauschlott , 17 July 1944 ) is a Hungarian-born actress best known for her work in British television , in particular her portrayal of Maya in the science-fiction series Space : 1999 .   Schell came to prominence in various British film and television productions of the 1960s and 1970s . Although she acted under the name `` Catherine von Schell '' and `` Katherina von Schell '' ( `` Schell '' is the family name ; `` von Bauschlott '' indicates the region of Germany where the Schell family originated ) early in her career , she is better known by the name `` Catherine Schell '' . She is not related to the Austrian-Swiss actor siblings Maximilian and Maria Schell .

neg: Zeta Leonis Zeta Leonis ( ζ Leonis , abbreviated Zeta Leo , ζ Leo ) , also named Adhafera , is a third-magnitude star in the constellation of Leo , the lion . It forms the second star ( after Gamma Leonis ) in the blade of ` the Sickle ' , which is an asterism formed from the head of Leo .

neg: Omega Hydrae Omega Hydrae ( ω Hya ) is a golden-hued star in the equatorial constellation of Hydra , located to the west-southwest of the brighter star Zeta Hydrae . Based upon an annual parallax shift of just 3.64 mas as seen from Earth , it is located roughly 900 light years from the Sun . It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.00 .   This is an evolved K-type star with a stellar classification of K2 II-III , which indicates a spectrum showing traits intermediate between the giant and bright giant stages . It is most likely ( 98 % chance ) on the horizontal branch , indicating that the star is generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of helium at its core . With 4.32 times the Sun 's mass , it has expanded to around 48 times the radius of the Sun . Omega Hydrae is about 180 million years old and spinning with a leisurely projected rotational velocity of 2.3 km/s . The star is radiating roughly 944 times the solar luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,789 K.

neg: Phi Kappa National Fraternity Phi Kappa National Fraternity is a secondary school fraternity that was founded in 1900 at the Southern University Preparatory School in Greensboro , Alabama . Over the years , nearly fifty chapters of Phi Kappa have been chartered in cities across the Deep South , from Georgia to Texas , Arkansas to Florida . No chapters of the fraternity have ever been chartered outside of the old Confederacy , making Phi Kappa the oldest and largest exclusively Southern fraternity .   The fraternity 's colors are Purple and White . The fraternity flower is the camellia and the fraternity jewel is the amethyst . The badge of the fraternity is a gold rhombus ( diamond ) with blue enamel . Engraved upon the badge are a Greek lamp at the apex , crossed scimitars in the middle and , at the bottom , the Greek letters ΦΚ . The crossed scimitars are a well-known symbol of the fraternity . The founding principles of the fraternity are Brotherhood , Faith in God and Scholarship ( in the 1970s , Community Service was added as a fourth `` founding principle '' ) .   Famous alumni of Phi Kappa include astronaut Fred Haise , Jr. ( T ) , who served as the Lunar Module Pilot on the Apollo 13 mission , John Alexander , a leading tenor at the Metropolitan Opera for over four decades , Gilbert Carmichael , former Federal Railroad Administrator and current Senior Chairman of the Intermodal Transportation Institute at University of Denver , Dr. Jerome V. Reel , Jr. . who currently serves as Senior Vice Provost and Dean of Undergraduate Studies at Clemson University and U.S. Congressman Steven Palazzo , current Representative for Mississippi 's 4th Congressional District . Two governors of Mississippi ( Thomas L. Bailey , who served from 1943 -- 46 and Fielding L. Wright , who served from 1946 -- 52 ) served as adult sponsors ( i.e. `` chapter fathers '' ) of local Phi Kappa chapters . As a high school student at the Lamar School in Meridian , Mississippi , actress Sela Ward was an honoree ( or `` little sister '' ) for the Delta Chi chapter of Phi Kappa .

neg: G 29-38 Giclas 29-38 , also known as ZZ Piscium , is a variable white dwarf star of the DAV , or ZZ Ceti ,  whose variability is due to large-amplitude , non-radial pulsations , known as gravity waves . It was first reported to be variable by Shulov and Kopatskaya in 1974 . DAV stars are like normal white dwarfs but have luminosity variations with amplitudes as high as 30 % , arising from a superposition of vibrational modes with periods from 100 to 1,000 seconds . Large-amplitude DAVs generally differ from lower-amplitude DAVs by having lower temperatures , longer primary periodicities , and many peaks in their vibrational spectra with frequencies which are sums of other vibrational modes .   G29-38 , like other complex , large-amplitude DAV variables , has proven difficult to understand . The power spectrum or periodogram of the light curve varies over times which range from weeks to years . Usually , one strong mode dominates , although many smaller-amplitude modes are often observed . The larger-amplitude modes , however , fluctuate in and out of observability ; some low-power areas show more stability . Asteroseismology uses the observed spectrum of pulsations from stars like G29-38 to infer the structure of their interiors .

neg: Kappa Geminorum Kappa Geminorum ( κ Gem , κ Geminorum ) is a binary star system in the northern zodiac constellation of Gemini . It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.568 . Based upon an annual parallax shift of 23.07 mas , the system is located about 141 light years distant from the Sun .   In Chinese astronomy , Kappa Geminorum is called 積薪 , Pinyin : Jīxīn , meaning Pile of Firewood , because this star is marking itself and stand alone in Pile of Firewood asterism , Well mansion ( see : Chinese constellation ) . 積薪 ( Jīxīn ) westernized into Tseih Tsing , but the name Tseih Tsing was designated for χ Gem and μ Cnc by R.H. Allen , with the meaning is `` piled-up fuel '' In Japanese , 隆博星 ( Takahiro-boshi ) , meaning `` Esteemed Nobilty Star , '' refers to the Japanese description of κ Geminorum .   This is a probable astrometric binary system with the components having an angular separation of 7.2 arcseconds along a position angle of 241 ° , as of 2014 . The primary is an evolved G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G9 III . Since 1943 , the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified . It has double the mass of the Sun , but has expanded to 11 times the solar radius . The star radiates around 68 times the Sun 's luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,932 K . It shows a leisurely spin with a projected rotational velocity of 3.3 km/s , and is around two billion years old . The secondary component is a magnitude 8.2 star .

neg: Zeta Piscis Austrini Zeta Piscis Austrini ( ζ Piscis Austrini ) is an orange-hued star in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus . It has an apparent visual magnitude of +6.43 , which is near the lower limit of stars that can be seen with the naked eye . Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.55 mas as seen from the Earth , the star is located roughly 820 light years from the Sun . This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K1 III . It is a suspected variable star .

neg: Zeta Phoenicis Zeta Phoenicis ( ζ Phe , ζ Phoenicis ) is a B-type main sequence star in the constellation Phoenix . It is visible to the naked eye . Based upon parallax measurements made by the Hipparcos spacecraft , it is located some 300 light years ( 92 parsecs ) away .   Zeta Phoenicis is an Algol-type eclipsing binary star . It consists of two stars that orbit each other : when one passes in front of one another , it blocks some of the other star 's light . Therefore , its apparent magnitude fluctuates between 3.9 and 4.4 with a period of 1.66977 days ( its orbital period ) .   The system most likely contains four stars : it has two other telescopic components with an apparent magnitude of 7.2 and 8.2 at an angular separation of 0.8 and 6.4 arcseconds from the main pair . The companion that is 6.4 arseconds away is designated Zeta Phoenicis C , and is an A-type or F-type main-sequence star . A preliminary orbit has been determined , with an orbital period of about 210 years , as well as an eccentricity of about 0.35 .

neg: HR 515 HR 515 is an A-type variable star of δ Scuti type . Despite its Flamsteed designation of 3 Arietis ( 3 Ari ) , the star is actually located in the constellation Pisces near the border of Aries . Its apparent magnitude is 6.54 -- 6.59 . The star has the variable star designation VY Piscium ( VY Psc ) .

neg: Aquarius (astrology) Aquarius ( Greek : Ὑδροχόος Hydrokhoös , Latin : Aquārius ) is the eleventh astrological sign in the Zodiac , originating from the constellation Aquarius .   The water carrier represented by the zodiacal constellation Aquarius is Ganymede , a beautiful Phrygian youth . Ganymede was the son of Tros , king of Troy ( according to Lucian , he was also the son of Dardanus ) . While tending to his father 's flocks on Mount Ida , Ganymede was spotted by Jupiter . The king of gods became enamored of the boy and flew down to the mountain in the form of a large bird , whisking Ganymede away to the heavens . Ever since , the boy has served as cupbearer to the gods . Ovid has Orpheus sing the tale :   `` The king of the gods was once fired with love for Phrygian Ganymede , and when that happened Jupiter found another shape preferable to his own . Wishing to turn himself into a bird , he none the less scorned to change into any save that which can carry his thunderbolts . Then without delay , beating the air on borrowed pinions , he snatched away the shepherd of Ilium , who even now mixes the winecups , and supplies Jove with nectar , to the annoyance of Juno '' ( Metamorphoses X 154-160 ) .   Aquarius is a summer constellation in the northern hemisphere , found near Pisces and Cetus . It is especially notable as the radiant for four meteor showers , the largest of which is the Delta Aquarid meteor shower in late July and early August .   Under the tropical zodiac , the sun is in Aquarius typically between January 20 and February 18 , while under the Sidereal Zodiac , the sun is in Aquarius from approximately February 15 to March 14 , depending on leap year .

neg: Chicago (2002 film) Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy film based on the musical of the same name , exploring the themes of celebrity , scandal , and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age . The film stars Catherine Zeta-Jones , Renée Zellweger and Richard Gere . Chicago centers on Velma Kelly ( Zeta-Jones ) and Roxie Hart ( Zellweger ) , two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago . Velma , a vaudevillian , and Roxie , a housewife , fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows . Directed and choreographed by Rob Marshall , and adapted by screenwriter Bill Condon , with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb , Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003 , including Best Picture . The film was critically lauded , and was the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver ! in 1968 .


query: Pablo Picasso painted.

pos: Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso ( -LSB- pɪˈkɑːsoʊ , _ - ˈkæsoʊ -RSB- -LSB- ˈpaβlo piˈkaso -RSB- ; 25 October 1881 -- 8 April 1973 ) was a Spanish painter , sculptor , printmaker , ceramicist , stage designer , poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France . Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century , he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement , the invention of constructed sculpture , the co-invention of collage , and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore . Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( 1907 ) , and Guernica ( 1937 ) , a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces .   Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years , painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence . During the first decade of the 20th century , his style changed as he experimented with different theories , techniques , and ideas . After 1906 , the Fauvist work of the slightly older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles , beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists , who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art .   Picasso 's work is often categorized into periods . While the names of many of his later periods are debated , the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period ( 1901 -- 1904 ) , the Rose Period ( 1904 -- 1906 ) , the African-influenced Period ( 1907 -- 1909 ) , Analytic Cubism ( 1909 -- 1912 ) , and Synthetic Cubism ( 1912 -- 1919 ) , also referred to as the Crystal period . Much of Picasso 's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style , and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism . His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles .   Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life , Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments , and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art .

neg: Section d'Or The Section d'Or ( `` Golden Section '' ) , also known as Groupe de Puteaux ( or Puteaux Group ) , was a collective of painters , sculptors , poets and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism . Based in the Parisian suburbs , the group held regular meetings at the home of the Duchamp brothers in Puteaux and at the studio of Albert Gleizes in Courbevoie . Active from 1911 to around 1914 , members of the collective came to prominence in the wake of their controversial showing at the Salon des Indépendants in the spring of 1911 . This showing by Albert Gleizes , Jean Metzinger , Robert Delaunay , Henri le Fauconnier , Fernand Léger and Marie Laurencin ( at the request of Apollinaire ) , created a scandal that brought Cubism to the attention of the general public for the first time .   The Salon de la Section d'Or , held October 1912 -- the largest and most important public showing of Cubist works prior to World War I -- exposed Cubism to a wider audience still . After the war , with support given by the dealer Léonce Rosenberg , Cubism returned to the front line of Parisian artistic activity . Various elements of the Groupe de Puteaux would mount two more large-scale Section d'Or exhibitions , in 1920 and in 1925 , with the goal of revealing the complete process of transformation and renewal that had transpired since the onset of Cubism .   The group seems to have adopted the name `` Section d'Or '' as both an homage to the mathematical harmony associated with Georges Seurat , and to distinguish themselves from the narrower style of Cubism developed in parallel by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in the Montmartre quarter of Paris . In addition , the name was to highlight that Cubism , rather than being an isolated art-form , represented the continuation of a grand tradition : indeed , the golden ratio , or golden section ( Section d'Or ) had fascinated Western intellectuals of diverse interests for at least 2,400 years .

neg: Bombing of Guernica The bombing of Guernica ( 26 April 1937 ) was an aerial bombing of the Basque town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War . It was carried out at the behest of Francisco Franco 's nationalist government by its allies , the Nazi German Luftwaffe 's Condor Legion and the Fascist Italian Aviazione Legionaria , under the code name Operation Rügen . The town was being used as a communications center behind the frontline .   The attack gained infamy because it involved the bombing of civilians by a military air force . The number of victims is still disputed ; the Basque government reported 1,654 people killed at the time , while local historians identified 126 victims ( later revised by the authors of the study to 153 ) . An English source used by the Air War College claims 400 civilians died . Russian archives claim 800 deaths on 1 May 1937 , but this number may not include victims who later died of their injuries in hospitals or whose bodies were discovered buried in the rubble .   The bombing is the subject of a famous anti-war painting by Pablo Picasso , commissioned by the Spanish Republic . It was also depicted in a woodcut by the German artist Heinz Kiwitz , who was later killed fighting in the International Brigades . The bombing shocked and inspired many other artists , including a sculpture by René Iché , one of the first electroacoustic music pieces by Patrick Ascione , a musical composition by René-Louis Baron and poems by Paul Eluard ( Victory of Guernica ) , and Uys Krige ( Nag van die Fascistiese Bomwerpers ) ( English translation from the Afrikaans : Night of the Fascist Bombers ) . There is also a short film from 1950 by Alain Resnais entitled Guernica .

neg: Femme à l'Éventail Femme à l'Éventail ( also known as L'Éventail vert , Woman with a Fan , and The Lady ) is an oil painting created in 1912 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger ( 1883 -- 1956 ) . The painting was exhibited at the Salon d'Automne , 1912 , Paris ( hung in the decorative arts section inside the Salon Bourgeois of La Maison Cubiste , the Cubist House ) , and De Moderne Kunstkring , 1912 , Amsterdam ( L'éventail vert , no. 153 ) . It was also exhibited at the Musée Rath , Geneva , Exposition de cubistes français et d'un groupe d'artistes indépendants , 3 -- 15 June 1913 ( L'éventail vert , no. 22 ) . A 1912 photograph of Femme à l'Éventail hanging on a wall inside the Salon Bourgeois was published in The Sun ( New York , N.Y. ) , 10 November 1912 . The same photograph was reproduced in The Literary Digest , 30 November 1912 .   Metzinger 's Cubist contribution to the 1912 Salon d'Automne created a controversy in the Municipal Council of Paris , leading to a debate in the Chambre des Députés about the use of public funds to provide the venue for such ` barbaric ' art . The Cubists were defended by the Socialist politician , Marcel Sembat . This painting was realized as Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes , in preparation for the Salon de la Section d'Or , published a major defence of Cubism , resulting in the first theoretical essay on the new movement , Du `` Cubisme '' .   A photograph of Femme à l'Éventail appears among the Léonce Rosenberg archives in Paris , but there is no indication of when he acquired the painting . A Rosenberg label on the reverse bears the information `` No. 25112 J.Metzinger , 1913 . '' By 1918 Rosenberg was buying Metzinger 's paintings and may have acquired the picture around this time or soon afterwards .   In 1937 Femme à l'Éventail was exhibited at Musée du Petit Palais , Les Maitres de l'art indépendant , 1895-1937 , no. 12 ( dated 1912 ) . Mlle. Gamier des Garets probably acquired the painting after the 1937 exhibition . By 1938 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum had purchased the painting . It was gifted to the museum ( gift 38.531 ) by Guggenheim in 1938 ( the year after the formation of the foundation ) . Metzinger 's Femme à l'Éventail forms part of the Founding Collection of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , New York .   Femme à l'Éventail was showcased in an exhibition entitled The Great Upheaval : Masterpieces from the Guggenheim Collection , 1910-1918 , from 30 November 2013 to 1 June 2014 .

neg: Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term .   The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective .   Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .

neg: Marie Vorobieff Marie Bronislava Vorobyeva-Stebelska ( Мария Брониславовна Воробьёва-Стебельская 1892 -- May 4 , 1984 ) , also known as Marevna , was a Russian-born Cubist painter . She is internationally known for convincingly combining elements of cubism ( called by her `` Dimensionalism '' ) with pointillism and -- through the use of the Golden Ratio for laying out paintings -- structure . She tends to be accredited with having been the first female cubist painter . Though having lived the greater part of her life abroad -- her formative years as a cubist painter in France and her mature years in England -- , she is often referred to as a `` Russian painter '' . From her relationship with the Mexican cubist painter and later muralist Diego Rivera in Paris she had a daughter , Marika Rivera ( 1919-2010 ) , who herself went on to become a professional dancer and film actress .

neg: Style (visual arts) In the visual arts , style is a '' ... distinctive manner which permits the grouping of works into related categories '' . or '' ... any distinctive , and therefore recognizable , way in which an act is performed or an artifact made or ought to be performed and made '' . It refers to the visual appearance of a work of art that relates it to other works by the same artist or one from the same period , training , location , `` school '' , art movement or archaeological culture : `` The notion of style has long been the art historian 's principal mode of classifying works of art . By style he selects and shapes the history of art '' .   Style is often divided into the general style of a period , country or cultural group , group of artists or art movement , and the individual style of the artist within that group style . Divisions within both types of styles are often made , such as between `` early '' , `` middle '' or `` late '' . In some artists , such as Picasso for example , these divisions may be marked and easy to see , in others they are more subtle . Style is seen as usually dynamic , in most periods always changing by a gradual process , though the speed of this varies greatly , between the very slow development in style typical of prehistoric art or ancient Egyptian art to the rapid changes in modern art styles . Style often develops in a series of jumps , with relatively sudden changes followed by periods of slower development .   After dominating academic discussion in art history in the 19th and early 20th centuries , so-called `` style art history '' has come under increasing attack in recent decades , and many art historians now prefer to avoid stylistic classifications where they can .

neg: 27 rue de Fleurus 27 rue de Fleurus is the location of the former home of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas in the 6th arrondissement of Paris on the Left Bank of Paris . It was also the home of Leo Stein for a time in the early nineteen-hundreds . It was a renowned Saturday evening gathering place for both expatriate American artists and writers and others noteworthy in the world of vanguard arts and letters , most notably Pablo Picasso . In the early decades of the century , hundreds of visitors flocked to the display of vanguard modern art , many came to scoff , but several went away converted .   Entrée into the Stein salon was a sought-after validation , and Stein became combination mentor , critic , and guru to those who gathered around her , including Ernest Hemingway , who described the salon in A Moveable Feast . The principal attraction was the collection of Paul Cézanne oils and watercolors and the early pictures by Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso which Gertrude and Leo had had the funds and the foresight to buy . The walls of their atelier at 27 were hung to the ceiling with now-famous paintings , the double doors of the dining room were lined with Picasso sketches . On a typical Saturday evening one would have found Gertrude Stein at her post in the atelier , garbed in brown corduroy , sitting in a high-backed Renaissance chair , her legs dangling , next to the big cast-iron stove that heated the chilly room . A few feet away , Leo Stein would expound to a group of visitors his views on modern art .   In 1933 , Stein published a kind of memoir of her Paris years , The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas , written in the voice of Toklas , her life partner . The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative obscurity of cult literary figure into the light of mainstream attention .   The gatherings in the Stein home `` brought together confluences of talent and thinking that would help define modernism in literature and art . '' Dedicated attendees included Pablo Picasso , Ernest Hemingway , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Guillaume Apollinaire , Sinclair Lewis , James Joyce , Ezra Pound , Thornton Wilder , Juan Gris , Sherwood Anderson , Francis Cyril Rose , René Crevel , Élisabeth de Gramont , Francis Picabia , Claribel Cone , Mildred Aldrich , Carl Van Vechten and Henri Matisse . Saturday evenings had been set as the jour fixe for formal congregation so Stein could work at her writing uninterrupted by impromptu visitors . It was Stein 's partner Toklas who became the de facto hostess for the wives and girlfriends of the artists in attendance , who met in a separate room .   Stein herself attributed the beginnings of the Saturday evening salons to Matisse , as   Among Picasso 's acquaintances who frequented the Saturday evenings were : Fernande Olivier ( Picasso 's mistress ) , Georges Braque ( artist ) , André Derain ( artist ) , Max Jacob ( poet ) , Guillaume Apollinaire ( poet ) , Marie Laurencin ( artist , and Apollinaire 's mistress ) , Henri Rousseau ( painter ) , and Joseph Stella .   The 2014 opera 27 by Ricky Ian Gordon and Royce Vavrek is inspired by events at 27 rue de Fleurus .

neg: Alvaro Guillot Alvaro Guillot ( 1931 -- 2010 ) was a French artist born in Uruguay . He was a notable exponent of the `` new surrealist school '' .   Guillot 's post-surrealist late 20th and early 21st century acrylics and oils celebrated New Mexico landscapes , cats , horses , bovines , stunted juniper upllands , prominent green , red and yellow chili peppers , with color schemes and adroit shadows that defied all previous Western landscape artistic visions ; borrowing from none , embracing something altogether new and intoxicating . There are vestiges of his early years in South America , but also the best of mid-century Paris , and contemporary Cuban art .   Guillot remained a quiet presence for over two decades in Santa Fe , New Mexico , shunning exhibitions and most galleries , preferring the sheer joys of privacy amongst a select coterie of like-minded friends , most notably , Jean Morrison .   Known by his closest colleagues as one of the great raconteurs , satirists and political pundits ( as far Left as the direction will ever have meaning ) he was also an exquisitely talented - but again , private - writer whose memoirs about such close friends of his as the great Salvador Dalí and architect , Le Corbusier , as well as Picasso , will soon be published .   Some of Guillot 's exploits were fictionalized in the Michael Tobias novel , The Adventures of Mr Marigold ( 2005 ) .

neg: In the Conservatory __ NOTOC __   In the Conservatory ( French : Dans la serre ) is an 1879 oil painting by Édouard Manet in the Alte Nationalgalerie , Berlin . The setting is a conservatory at 70 in Paris , then owned by painter Otto Rosen and which Manet used as a studio for nine months in 1878 and 1879 . At first glance , we see a double portrait of a fashionable and attractive couple of some social rank . They are Manet 's friends , the Guillemets , who owned a clothing shop . Their married status is conveyed by their rings , and the proximity of their hands is the nearest hint of intimacy . The woman becomes the focus of the portrait , however , being more prominently placed and colourfully dressed . Their physical separation -- with the husband Jules slouching in dark clothing behind the bench -- and their lack of engagement with the viewer create a sense of detachment , which has been the primary theme in modern criticism of the work .   The painting was exhibited in the 1879 Paris Salon and was regarded as surprisingly conservative for Manet . Jules-Antoine Castagnary wrote , with tongue in cheek , `` But what is this ? Face and hands more carefully drawn than usual : is Manet making concessions to the public ? '' -- and said it portrayed `` the elegance of fashionable life '' . Yet the portrait is not entirely conventional -- the sense of dislocation carries to the background . Joris-Karl Huysmans called the subjects `` marvelously detached from the envelope of green surrounding them '' .  The interplay of lines formally defines the work . The woman has an erect posture echoed by the vertical slats of the bench , and the man , though leaning forward , does not break that vertical . The bench continues off the right side , reinforcing the horizontal and the separation of foreground and background . The diagonal pleats on the woman 's dress provide some relief from the linearity of the composition .   Jean-Baptiste Faure bought In the Conservatory from Manet , along with three other paintings , for the `` paltry sum '' of 11,000 francs .   In 1896 In the Conservatory was bought by the Deutsche Nationalgalerie in Berlin . The Nationalgalerie thus was the first museum worldwide that purchased a picture of Manet .   In 1945 by the end of the Second World War In the Conservatory was among the objects evacuated from the German National Gallery and the Berlin State Museums and put for safekeeping in a mine in Merkers . After the war the picture was discovered and secured by the Monuments Men . Its salvage was documented in several photographs which show soldiers from the U.S. Army posing with Manet 's painting in the mine in Merkers . These photographs have gained iconographic status over the years and are often falsely used as an illustration of Nazi looted art in prestigious publications like the Deutsche Welle , The Washington Post , The New York Times and even in academic papers .

neg: Mexican muralism Mexican muralism was the promotion of mural painting starting in the 1920s , generally with social and political messages as part of efforts to reunify the country under the post Mexican Revolution government . It was headed by `` the big three '' painters , Diego Rivera , José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros . From the 1920s to about 1970s a large number of murals with nationalistic , social and political messages were created on public buildings , starting a tradition which continues to this day in Mexico and has had impact in other parts of the Americas , including the United States where it served as inspiration for the Chicano art movement .

neg: Winslow Wilson Arthur William Wilson ( July 20 , 1892 -- November 18 , 1974 ) was an American artist who painted under several known pseudonyms , including Winslow Wilson and Pico Miran . In Gloucester , Wilson/Miran has been considered an early actor in the Post Modern Art Movement . He is widely quoted from his Manifesto For Post-Modern Art , published in 1951 , under the name Pico Miran .   Wilson was born in Brady , Texas in 1892 , one of five sons of Horace and Stella Wilson . The family moved to Junction , Texas , and it was here that he graduated high school . He attended Texas A&M in 1910-1911 as a Chemical Engineering Major , but transferred to Harvard with the support of professors at Texas A&M . Wilson attended Harvard College between 1911-1915 , becoming an Editor of The Harvard Monthly with his friends John Dos Passos and E. E. Cummings . Wilson would go on to share an apartment at 21 East 15th Street in New York City with E.E. Cummings . He enlisted in the U.S. Military during 1917-1919 , joining John Dos Passos and E.E. Cummings and other Harvard students in France . He spent time in Paris with E.E. Cummings , and mingled with Salvador Dali , Pablo Picasso and other influential painters of the period in London and Paris in the 1920s . In fact , Wilson maintained lifelong friendships with many of the Harvard Aesthetes , including Cummings and Dos Passos . During his days at Harvard , Wilson was playfully known as `` Tex '' , a nickname that stayed with him for life .   Wilson was active in the New York , NY , Lime Rock , CT , Newport , RI , Gloucester , MA , and Rockport , MA art scenes between the 1930 's -- 1972 . Wilson painted post-modern artwork utilizing the name Pico Miran in his Gloucester , Massachusetts studio , taught portraiture at the Rockport Art Association in Rockport , Massachusetts under the name Winslow Wilson , and painted seascapes as Winslow Wilson in his Rockport , Massachusetts studio .   Wilson was strongly influenced by his time at Harvard and World War I . In addition to a tragic event in Boston which resulted in the death of one of Wilson 's friends in 1912 , there is evidence that Wilson encountered trauma during World War I. Art became a vehicle through which Wilson found solace . His Post-Modern artwork is replete with images of industrial and nuclear effects upon the common man , and those who knew him confirm that he was consumed with the concept of a nuclear holocaust . Growing up in rural Texas , to a life in Boston and New York , friendships with intellectuals , Wilson 's writings reveal a man who held his craft and opinions in high regard . Understanding that Wilson eschewed family relationships while fully immersing himself as a bit of an artistic recluse , provides an insight into the life of this artist .   Wilson painted seascapes in his Rockport , Massachusetts studio . His seascapes were exhibited at Vose Gallery in Boston . In a letter dated January 24 , 1991 , Robert C. Vose , Jr. , of Vose Gallery , confirmed that the gallery `` did give -LCB- Wilson -RCB- an exhibition in our galleries in Boston '' and stated `` We thought of -LCB- the paintings -RCB- of excellent quality , and much in the spirit of Frederick Waugh '' . Eleanor Roosevelt chaired a one-man art show held in New York City entitled `` Paintings of the Sea '' . On June 4 , 1951 , the First Lady , Eleanor Roosevelt `` blogged '' in her My Day report , that she had visited this exhibit , and she reported :   `` In certain ones the light made one think of tropical climates ; in others the shores of Maine seemed to stand out . More often the sky and the sea were stormy , but the light was nearly always breaking through . Let us hope that out of this turbulent period in history the light will break through for all human beings '' .   Under the pseudonym of Pico Miran painted in his Gloucester studio . Upon occasion , he would have a visitor , however the room in which he painted was never open . His post-modern art , or as he referred to it as `` super-realistic '' , is replete with political and religious tones , and is highly reflective of the nuclear and mechanical themes of the period .   Wilson was a member of the Rockport Art Association from 1946 through 1972 , and for many of those years he taught portraiture . His portraits have included local Gloucester residents and friends .   Following Wilson 's death in 1974 , his long-term companion , Jane Grey ( an accomplished portrait artist ) , gifted his paintings to his only son , Horace Peter Wilson . Those paintings remained stored in Kansas City until 2012 , at which time the paintings were distributed to Wilson 's grandchildren .   In 2014 , Dave Rich , a Gloucester native , stated in a correspondence with Peter Anastas :   `` ... would take an interest in the precocious postmodernism of Pico Miran . His value lies in his theorizing postmodernity , and making the first forays into postmodern visual art -- the seascapes were a virtuoso performance ; Winslow was no less a character than Pico or Tex. . In that sense he was a performance artist . A kind of Andy Kaufman who took personae and masks to the extreme . On this conceptual level , if explained as such , Wilson ought to be recovered ; and could be recovered by an astute and enterprising curator . ''   The paintings are in the process of being professionally restored and framed , and efforts are underway to showcase Wilson 's paintings . A website exists with the roots of a biography about the artist , currently being documented and researched by Claudia Wilson Howard in conjunction with interested parties across the United States .

neg: Alfonso Arana Alfonso Meléndez Arana ( 1927 -- 2005 ) was a Puerto Rican painter .   Arana was born in New York City from Mexican father and Puerto Rican mother . When he was young , the family moved to San Sebastián , Puerto Rico , where the young painter spent his youth . At age six , Arana made his first picture and presented it to his mother . His father , a businessman , did not want his son to become an artist . This caused a major rift between father and son .   As a young man , Arana studied art in Mexico at the Atelier de Jose Bardasano , at the Manhattan School of Arts in New York , the Académie Julian and L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts of Paris , and did post graduate work at the American University in Washington , D.C. .   As an artist , Arana became known for his style of almond-shaped , hollow yet expressive eyes in a face without a skull and with a slightly oversized body . He is also well known for his use of light , sophisticated and almost transparent colors . Arana himself defines his style as expressionism and mannerism . The artist once explained that his alive and expressive human figures do not have any skulls because `` they are receptacles of the active things in the world as is God , nature , life , whatever we want . ''   His works are often unsettling for the degree of expression shown by his silent figures . Most initiates to his style might find his paintings to be disturbing . However , after an initial period , viewers of his paintings often find beauty within the figure 's expressions .   Arana has exhibited his work in Tokyo , Paris , New York , Mexico City , Puerto Rico , and Spain . In 1986 , he created the Fundación Francisco Arana , an organization dedicated to foster art in young people . Once a year , the Fundación gives an outstanding art student a scholarship to live and study in Paris .   Arana suffered Parkinson 's disease for quite a few years and died of associated complications on November 18 , 2005 in his house in Paris in the company of his wife Simone Christophe , and daughter Rosa Meléndez Ibarra .   Of his art , Arana said :   My figures have the elements of life and light . That light that invades the body is the spiritual side of these beings and I like painting in that spiritual space . Each figure transcends life beyond real life and I feel the beings come from within me and then I , myself become part of their world . They are real to me , they are my friends .

neg: Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi Notre-Dame , une fin d'après-midi ( `` A Glimpse of Notre-Dame in the Late Afternoon '' ) is a painting by Henri Matisse from 1902 . Its somber coloration is typical of Matisse 's works executed between the end of 1901 and the end of 1903 , a period of personal difficulties for the artist . This episode has been called Matisse 's Dark Period .   Between 1896 and 1901 , Matisse 's painting had progressed from the subdued tones of his earliest works to an intense colorism that prefigured the Fauvism to come . In 1896 and 1897 he had traveled to Brittany , where the Australian painter John Peter Russell encouraged him to paint en plein air . Through Russell he met Camille Pissarro , whose influence was decisive in making a colorist of Matisse . In 1898 he traveled to London , where he studied the works of J. M. W. Turner ; then , after a year spent in Corsica and Toulouse , he returned to Paris , where the startling boldness of his work was admired by other young artists . His paintings found few buyers , however , and his wife , Amélie , had to open a dress shop to support their household .   In May 1902 a major financial scandal , the Humbert Affair , unexpectedly ensnared Amélie 's family . Her mother was the Humbert family 's housekeeper , and both she and her husband became scapegoats in the scandal . As a result , Matisse was forced to spend much of his time during the next year dealing with lawyers and journalists . His studio was searched by detectives , and his wife 's family was menaced by angry mobs of fraud victims . According to art historian Hilary Spurling , `` their public exposure , followed by the arrest of his father-in-law , left Matisse as the sole breadwinner for an extended family of seven . This is why he switched to painting canvases that were at least potentially saleable '' .   Inspired by Rodin and Barye , Matisse struggled to master volume in sculpture as well as in painting . He darkened his palette , with the results seen in the present work , and in such paintings as Carmelina ( 1903 , in the Museum of Fine Arts , Boston ) .   The medium is oil on paper mounted on canvas and it measures 72.5 × 54.5 cm ( 28 1/2 × 21 1/2 in ) . The painting is in the Albright -- Knox Art Gallery , Buffalo , New York .

neg: Cuban art Cuban art is an exceptionally diverse cultural blend of African , South American , European and North American elements , reflecting the diverse demographic makeup of the island . Cuban artists embraced European modernism , and the early part of the 20th century saw a growth in Cuban vanguardist movements , which were characterized by the mixing of modern artistic genres . Some of the more celebrated 20th-century Cuban artists include Amelia Peláez ( 1896 -- 1968 ) , best known for a series of mural projects , and painter Wifredo Lam ( Dec 8,1902 -- September 11 , 1982 ) , who created a highly personal version of modern primitivism . The Cuban born painter Federico Beltran Masses ( 1885-1949 ) , was renowned as a colourist whose seductive portrayals of women sometimes made overt references to the tropical settings of his childhood .   Better known internationally is the work of photographer Alberto Korda , whose photographs following the early days of the Cuban Revolution included a picture of Che Guevara which was to become one of the most recognizable images of the 20th century .   There is a flourishing street art movement influenced by Latin American artists José Guadalupe Posada and the muralist Diego Rivera .   After the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , some artists felt it was in their best interests to leave Cuba and produce their art , while others stayed behind , either happy or merely content to be creating art in Cuba , which was sponsored by the government . Because it was state sponsored , an implied censorship occurred , since artists would n't want to make art that was against the revolutionary movement as that was the source of their funding . It was during the 1980s in which art began to reflect true uninfluenced expression . The `` rebirth '' of expression in Cuban art was greatly affected by the emergence of a new generation of Cuban , which did not remember the revolution directly .   In 1981 Cubans saw the introduction of `` Volumen Uno '' , a series of one man exhibitions featuring contemporary Cuban artists . Three years later , the introduction of the `` Havana Bienal '' assisted in the further progression of the liberation of art and free speech therein .

neg: Milton Becerra Venezuelan artist graduated from the Cristóbal Rojas School of Arts ( 1972 ) under the Jesús Soto promotion . From 1973 to 1980 Milton Becerra was assistant-partner in the workshops of the renowned masters Carlos Cruz-Diez and Jesús Soto . He participated in his first collective exhibition when he was still a student . He studied art trends such as Concrete , Neo , Kinetic , Generative and `` Op-art '' . In 1973 he opened his first solo exhibition `` Vibro-hexagonal Volume '' that included a sound atmosphere presented at the Ateneo de Caracas , that won him the prize of the Third National Exhibition of Young Artists .   He applies this knowledge to the development of irregular shapes called Hexagon Geometry or `` Hexagonometry '' , based on the arrangement of different modules in space based on Kasimir Malevich 's `` White Cube '' theory , and Ludwig Wittgenstein 's `` Tractatus logico-philosophicus '' concepts that investigates colors , their behavior in space and the division of forms through color ranges .  On the resulting works , Venezuelan art historian Alfredo Boulton ( 1908 -- 1995 ) wrote : `` Milton Becerra 's works characterize a concern about the volumes and strong structures , that accompany subtle chromatic features . We are , thus , in front of a solid object , but at the same time light and fragile . ''  Concerned about nature and the enormous legacy of Venezuela 's indigenous peoples , Milton Becerra is able , in his first solo exhibition , to fuse the traditions of Venezuelan primitive cultures with the modernity of the artistic trends of the time . Milton Becerra does not discriminate on the aesthetic aspects , on the contrary makes them coexist , transcending the artistic harmony and visual resources of primitive cultures with geometric abstraction and the Venezuelan artistic kinetic movement , relevant at that time .  Milton Becerra : In the 70s pioneered the `` Land Art '' in Venezuela   Three years later Milton Becerra presented at the Caracas Museum of Contemporary Art his work `` Programmed Modules '' , where he expresses his concerns towards land intervention by photography . Under this context , in the 70s , the early works of Milton Becerra come into view , placed in suburban areas of Caracas , on the blurred boundaries between city and forest , or high pastures and the streambeds , or in the city 's last streets and homes , or in the Colonia Tovar , or in La Mariposa dam . Although these were , at the time , actions and interventions , these pieces later became Photographic Series , and constitute -- beyond themselves -- his first plastic and poetic approach to the vision of nature and earth as sacred , conducive to mystical experiences and filled with the cultural memory of silenced or vanished peoples . This starting point characterizes later the context of his artworks . Milton Becerra is considered one of the pioneers of Land Art in Venezuela , a contemporary art movement that uses elements of nature or its environments to produce a reaction in the spectator observing the landscape presented and intervened by the artist .

neg: Saint Peter and Saint Paul (El Greco) Saint Peter and Saint Paul is a painting by the Cretan-Spanish artist El Greco . The work was completed between 1590 and 1600 . It is currently on display at the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya , who purchased the work in 1932 .

neg: All-over painting All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art , for instance a painting . This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called `` drip '' paintings of Jackson Pollock and the `` automatic writing '' or `` abstract calligraphy '' of Mark Tobey in the 1950s , though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that . `` All-over painting '' is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an `` art movement . '' Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the `` all-over '' painting style . Such a painting would fail to treat the top , for instance , differently from the bottom ; the left than the right . Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting . All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest , or any indication of which way is `` up . '' Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them .   Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel 's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen .

neg: List of Picasso artworks 1941–50 This is a list of some works by Spanish painter Pablo Picasso , from 1941 on to 1950 .   1941 Dora Maar au Chat  1941 Tete de femme ( Dora Maar ) ( in plaster )  1942 Nature morte à la Guitare ( Description and picture here )  1942 Bull 's Head  1944 Plant de Tomato ( Description and picture here )  1946 La Joie de Vivre ( Description and picture here )  1947 Portrait de femme au chapeau vert ( Description and picture here )

neg: Violon et raisins Violon et raisins ( Violins and Grapes ) is a 1912 painting by Pablo Picasso .

neg: Francis Picabia Francis Picabia ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃sis pikabja -RSB- ; born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia , 22January 1879 -- 30November 1953 ) was a French avant-garde painter , poet and typographist . After experimenting with Impressionism and Pointillism , Picabia became associated with Cubism . His highly abstract planar compositions were colourful and rich in contrasts . He was one of the early major figures of the Dada movement in the United States and in France . He was later briefly associated with Surrealism , but would soon turn his back on the art establishment .