query: Peer Astrom has worked with others.

pos: Peer Åström Peer Åström ( born 1972 in Ljusdal , Sweden ) is a Swedish composer , lyricist , musician and record producer and partner with Anders Bagge . The two songwriters / producers are known as Bagge & Peer . They have together written and produced songs for Lara Fabian , Celine Dion , Madonna , Ace of Base , Ashley Tisdale , Enrique Iglesias , Jennifer Lopez and several others . Åström is an accomplished musician playing bass guitar , keyboards and drums .   He was interested in music at a very young age . After high school , he studied music studies and moved to Stockholm and became a session musician for several artists . After Anders Bagge , already a renowned producer and songwriter heard a couple of Peer 's songs he invited Peer to collaborate with him on some writing/recording projects . Later in 2001 , Bag & Peer began to write and produce on a regular basis as a partnering couple . Åström eventually signed to Bagge 's record company Murlyn Music Group ( Murlyn Songs ) .   Peer alongside Anders Bagge , and others co-wrote Celine Dion 's `` Have You Ever Been in Love '' and `` Sorry for Love '' . As a result , he was invited to Miami , Florida by Celine Dion and her producer Vito Luprano to work on the rest of the album A New Day Has Come . The album went on to sell 9 million copies worldwide . Celine Dion 's cover hit single `` I Drove All Night '' was co-produced by Peer Åström .   Peer Åström co-wrote and co-produced two songs with Cyndi Lauper and Johan Bobäck for Lauper 's 2008 album Bring Ya to the Brink .   In 2008 , he mixed the song `` Un Garcon '' for the French singer Lorie . He is the co-producer of many featured songs in the TV series Glee .

neg: Scholarly peer review Scholarly peer review ( also known as refereeing ) is the process of subjecting an author 's scholarly work , research , or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are experts in the same field , before a paper describing this work is published in a journal or as a book . The peer review helps the publisher ( that is , the editor-in-chief or the editorial board ) decide whether the work should be accepted , considered acceptable with revisions , or rejected . Peer review requires a community of experts in a given ( and often narrowly defined ) field , who are qualified and able to perform reasonably impartial review . Impartial review , especially of work in less narrowly defined or inter-disciplinary fields , may be difficult to accomplish , and the significance ( good or bad ) of an idea may never be widely appreciated among its contemporaries . Peer review is generally considered necessary to academic quality and is used in most major scientific journals , but it does by no means prevent publication of all invalid research . Traditionally , peer reviewers have been anonymous , but there is currently a significant amount of open peer review , where the comments are visible to readers , generally with the identities of the peer reviewers disclosed as well .

neg: SUPERM SUPERM is an international multimedia art team founded in 2004 by Russian author and artist Slava Mogutin ( born 1974 ) and American artist and musician Brian Kenny ( b. 1982 ) . The artists come from different backgrounds : Siberian-born Mogutin was exiled from Russia at the age of 21 for his queer writings and activism ; Kenny was born on the American military base in Heidelberg , Germany , and grew up traveling throughout the US with his Catholic , military family . They are responsible for site-specific , multimedia gallery and museum shows in New York City , Los Angeles , London , Berlin , Stockholm , Oslo , Bergen , Moscow , and León ( Spain ) .   SUPERM 's work uses all available media and source materials , ranging from reclaimed furniture and street art to personal fetish gear , hair and body fluids . Their installations combine photography , video , sound , text , drawing , painting , sculpture , collage and performance . Using their selves and their friends as models , actors , and collaborators , SUPERM creates a multidisciplinary body of site-specific work that reaches audiences far beyond the usual art crowd . Transgressive , political and personal , SUPERM work is a response to a world of shameless war propaganda , media brainwashing , corporate censorship , state-induced paranoia , and shrinking personal freedoms ; a world where natives of countries outside the European Union and the USA are treated as second-class citizens and nonconformists artists as criminals .   Their videos have recently been shown at the GLBT Film Festival , The International Short Film Festival Oberhausen , MIX NYC , Revolution & Sexual Revolution Film Festival in Tokyo , Paris Gay & Lesbian Film Festival , PornfilmfestivalBerlin ( 2nd Prize in Short Film Competition ) , as well as various art and club venues across Europe and the US .   SUPERM collaborators include Joakim Andreasson , Gio Black Peter , Marko Brozic , Christophe Chemin , Tom Dura , Jason Farrer , Christophe Hamaide-Pierson , Dominic Johnson , Marcelo Krasilcic , Bruce LaBruce , Josh Lee , Billy Miller , Dmitryi Rozin , and Desi Santiago .

neg: Data dissemination Data dissemination is the distribution or transmitting of statistical , or other , data to end users . There are many ways organisations can release data to the public , i.e. electronic format , CD-ROM and paper publications such as PDF files based on aggregated data .  The most popular dissemination method today is the ` non-proprietary ' open systems using internet protocols . `` They are used in data dissemination through various communication infrastructures across any set of interconnected networks . '' Data is made available in common open formats .   Some organisations choose to disseminate data using ` proprietary ' databases in order to protect their sovereignty and copyright of the data . Proprietary data dissemination requires a specific piece of software in order for end users to view the data . The data will not open in common open formats . The data is first converted into the propitiatory data format and specifically designed software is provided by the organisation to users .   Dissemination formats and standards  Under the Special Data Dissemination Standard , the formats are divided into two categories : `` hardcopy '' and `` electronic '' publications   Some examples of Hardcopy publications :   yearbook  panorama of municipalities  monthly review  trends  pocketbook  periodical   Some examples of electronic copy publications :  CD Rom  Webpage  PDF  Downloadable Databases for private use in 3rd party software applications   Standards   Standards have been developed in order to provide an internationally accepted statistical methodology for the dissemination of statistical data . The ` International Organization for Standardization ' ( ISO ) are one such international standard-setting body made up of representatives from various national standards organizations . They created the SDMX standard widely used around the world .  SDMX stands for ` Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange ' . It is commonly used in national and international statistical and economic data sharing systems . This standard is for the exchange of essential social and economic statistics , for example between European national agencies and Eurostat and the European Central Bank .  SDMX is used for the dissemination of multi-dimensional aggregated data .   The Data Documentation Initiative ( DDI ) was created by the DDI Alliance . DDI is an open metadata specification and covers the full data life cycle from planning through to dissemination and archiving data . It is most popularly used for social statistics micro data but is not limited to this subject area .  There are some examples online where these two standards are in use in proprietary data form . The following portals provide users with access to statistical data online from leading statistical agencies :   Some examples of Propitiatory data dissemination online   Public Transport Victoria Online Portal  Health Workforce Australia Online Portal  Cancer Council Victoria Online Portal  Catholic Education Office Canberra Online Portal  Department of Workplace and Pensions UK Online Portal  Australian Bureau of Statistics Table builder Table Builder Online Portal  King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Centre Online Portal

neg: Heidelberg Appeal The Heidelberg Appeal , authored by Michel Salomon and signed by a large number of scientists , is a statement decrying `` an irrational ideology which is opposed to scientific and industrial progress , and impedes economic and social development . '' Issued to coincide with the opening of the United Nations-sponsored Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 , the Appeal stated that its signers :   `` share the objectives of the ` Earth Summit ' '' but advised `` the authorities in charge of our planet 's destiny against decisions which are supported by pseudo-scientific arguments or false and non-relevant data . ... The greatest evils which stalk our Earth are ignorance and oppression , and not Science , Technology and Industry . ''   It was carefully worded to be directed generally at underfunded and poorly conducted science , rather than specifically at climate change . This allowed it to be promoted and exploited by a number of different industries by using this in the context of their own pollution defenses . In fact , the Appeal was created and promoted by a group of industry associations with polluting problems ( including chemical , energy , and mining concerns ) : the tobacco industry was involved , but in this case it was not the primary driving force . At that time the tobacco industry was focussed on trying to change the scientific standards for Good Epidemiology Practice ( GEP )   A version of the Heidelberg Appeal was published in the June 1 , 1992 , Wall Street Journal over the signatures of 46 prominent scientists and other intellectuals . It has subsequently been endorsed by some 4,000 scientists , including 72 Nobel Prize winners . The Appeal was for an anthropocentric assessment of the world 's resources and a utilitarian as opposed to abolitionist approach to hazardous substances used or created by technology . It targeted as irrational , by implication , if not explicitly , both a vision of a `` Natural State '' with intrinsic rights to impede the activities of man , and hysterical fears of environmental poisons , disproportionate to the threat and dismissive of their associated benefits .   The Heidelberg Appeal has been enthusiastically embraced by critics of the environmental movement such as S. Fred Singer of the Science and Environmental Policy Project . Conservative think tanks frequently cite the Heidelberg Appeal as proof that scientists reject the theory of global warming as well as a host of other environmental health risks associated with modern science and industry . Its name has subsequently been adopted by the Heidelberg Appeal Nederland Foundation , which was founded in 1993 and disputes health risks related to nitrates in foods and antibiotic-resistant bacteria . The Heidelberg Appeal was promoted in 1993 by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology , a group set up by Michael Salomon `` that was considered important in Philip Morris ' plans to create a group in Europe similar to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition ( TASSC ) '' .   Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal endorse environmental concerns , such as a sentence that states , `` We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of , monitored and preserved . '' Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the `` World Scientists ' Warning to Humanity '' , which was circulated that same year by the Union of Concerned Scientists ( UCS ) and attracted the majority of the world 's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists . In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal , the `` World Scientists ' Warning '' is a very explicit environmental manifesto , stating that `` human beings and the natural world are on a collision course '' and citing ozone depletion , global climate change , air pollution , groundwater depletion , deforestation , overfishing , and species extinction among the trends that threaten to `` so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know . ''   Moreover the Heidelberg Appeal has been , if not specifically misrepresented , at least broadly interpreted out of context , for example , by The National Center for Public Policy which asserts `` The appeal warns industrialized nations that no compelling scientific consensus exists to justify mandatory greenhouse gas emissions cuts . '' Although the Heidelberg Appeal may be open to such an interpretation , it is not what the document said , as the text below shows .   1994 Jun 16 Matt Winokur then sends to a list of PM organisers a note saying :   APCo ( the old spelling of APCO Worldwide ) is completing its evaluation of a Symposium for Europe in the fall . They have forwarded the draft Guiding Scientific Principles ( or GEP ) which would constitute the outcome of such a meeting .   They are on the right track but the language is too vague . ( Tom ) Borelli and ( Richard ) Carchman will review and tighten . Obviously , any output from the symposium must be supportive of GEP . So the bottom line for both the GEP resolution and GEP Symposium must be in synch . Burson ( Marsteller ) has begun its feasibility review based on a more explicit understanding that GEP is what we are interested in promoting .   I gather from Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- that there may have been a misunderstanding as to whether or not Burson was to have proceeded with the review prior to the presentation of a `` joint '' proposal -LSB- APCO and B-M -RSB- . I was aware that Burson began and take responsibility for allowing them to proceed . If you do n't want to pay for it then I will . But the intelligence obtained from their interviews with potential coalition sponsors as well as information about analogous efforts by existing groups , e.g. , Heidelberg , will be critical to the development of a comprehensive Burson/APCo proposal .  -LSB- Note : after a territory battle , Philip Morris had suggested that rivals APCO and B-M present this as a joint proposal -RSB-   The Burson research is necessary now in order to tell us whether it is possible or efficient to try to develop an enduring -LSB- ` Sound Science ' -RSB- coalition following on from the symposium . Possible , in that there may prove to be an insufficient amount of interest in the corporate sector for such a movement . Efficient , in that there may already exist analogous groups which we could use without going to the effort of starting one from scratch .   And we need to be careful not to step on unseen toes . For example , Bruce Ames is part of TASSC and Heidelberg . Do we need/want him on a third group in Europe ?   Thus the benefit in having Burson complete the study now , is that what they learn will be factored into both the content of the symposium AND inform us as to what options are available after the symposium concludes . If we only want a one off event , that 's our decision . But I would think we 'd at least want a mechanism to be able to tap the participants to later on endorse the GEP resolution in the appropriate EU institutions .   The Burson research will also turn up corporate interest in GEP in general which may help us identify allies regardless of whether we do either a symposium or create a coalition . The presentation therefore at the next TF mtg. will be a single proposal for PM prepared jointly by Burson and APCo . And I 've asked Margery -LSB- Krause of APCO -RSB- and Jim -LSB- Lindheim of B-M -RSB- to come themselves , as well as any other support staff they may wish to have accompany them .

neg: Copyright law of the Netherlands According to the Dutch Copyright Law ( called Auteurswet ) , a Dutch copyright ( called auteursrecht ) is the exclusive right of the author of a work of literature , science or art , to publish and duplicate such work ( article 1 ) .   A copyright comes into existence by making the work . No formalities , such as copyright registration , are necessary to obtain a copyright . The duration of a copyright is 70 years after the death of the author ( article 37 ) .   The term `` work '' includes many materials , such as books , brochures , films , photographs , musical works , works of visual art and geographical maps ( article 10 ) . Further , the Dutch Supreme Court has ruled that to be considered a work , it should have its own , original character with the personal imprint of the author ( HR 4 January 1991 , NJ 1991 , 608 ( Van Dale/Romme ) ) .   The exclusive right to publish a work includes amongst others the publication of a copy of ( part of ) the work , the public recitation thereof and to rent or lend ( part of ) the work to public institutions ( article 12 ) . The exclusive right to duplicate a work includes amongst others the recording , the translation , the music arrangement and the adaptation for the screen of the work ( article 13 ) .

neg: Oxford Policy Management Oxford Policy Management ( OPM ) is an international development consulting firm which aims to help low - and middle-income countries achieve growth and reduce poverty and disadvantage through public policy reform .   The company works with donor organisations ( which have included UNICEF and the World Bank ) , governments and NGOs focusing on areas such as economic development , health , education , climate change and social welfare , with a strong focus on research . OPM is headquartered in Oxford , UK , and has several hundred staff and a global network of offices .

neg: Center for Civic Media The MIT Center for Civic Media ( formerly the Center for Future Civic Media ) is a research and practical center that develops and implements tools that support political action and `` the information needs of -LSB- civic -RSB- communities '' . Its mission reads in part :   The MIT Center for Civic Media creates and deploys technical and social tools that fill the information needs of communities .   We are inventors of new technologies that support and foster civic media and political action ; we are a hub for the study of these technologies ; and we coordinate community-based test beds both in the United States and internationally .   It was founded in 2007 as a joint effort of the MIT Media Lab and the MIT Comparative Media Studies program . Its initial funding , a four-year grant from the Knight Foundation , was won in a contest `` to foster blogs and other digital efforts that seek to bring together residents of a city or town in ways that local newspapers historically have done . '' The founders planned to `` develop new technologies and practices to help newspapers attract readers as a greater number of Americans use the Internet as their primary news source . '' It expanded in 2011 .   Staffed by academic , technical , and professional staff , the Center was originally led by Christopher Csikszentmihályi , along with the Media Lab 's Mitchel Resnick and Comparative Media Studies ' Henry Jenkins . Ethan Zuckerman was announced as the Center 's new director in June 2011 . Others affiliated with the center include Sasha Costanza-Chock , Benjamin Mako Hill , William Uricchio , Jing Wang , and Jeffrey Warren .

neg: Anti-nuclear groups in the United States More than eighty anti-nuclear groups are operating , or have operated , in the United States . These include : Abalone Alliance , Clamshell Alliance , Greenpeace USA , Institute for Energy and Environmental Research , Musicians United for Safe Energy , Nevada Desert Experience , Nuclear Control Institute , Nuclear Information and Resource Service , Public Citizen Energy Program , Shad Alliance , and the Sierra Club . These are direct action , environmental , health , and public interest organizations who oppose nuclear weapons and/or nuclear power . In 1992 , the chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said that `` his agency had been pushed in the right direction on safety issues because of the pleas and protests of nuclear watchdog groups '' .   Some of the most influential groups in the anti-nuclear movement have had members who included Nobel Laureates ( e.g. , Linus Pauling and Hermann Joseph Muller ) . These scientists have belonged primarily to two groups : the Federation of American Scientists , and the Committee for Nuclear Responsibility .

neg: ARCM ARCM is the abbreviation of the diploma qualification Associate of the Royal College of Music and the post-nominal letters a holder is entitled to use . Like the LRAM it was formerly offered in a teaching or performing version , but unlike the latter it is no longer available .   There is no obvious successor to the ARCM , since the College 's undergraduates now follow a BMus ( Hons ) course accredited by the College itself ; although in 2012 approximately a quarter of the academic staff included ARCM in their lists of qualifications . When the basic graduate course led to the GRSM `` graduate diploma '' a condition of graduating was an ARCM pass achieved no later than a year before graduation .

neg: Open peer review Open peer review ( also called `` public peer review '' , `` transparent peer review '' ) denotes several , closely related forms of scholarly peer review . Out of over a hundred definitions/forms , a few can be mentioned :  Open-identity or attributed peer review ( as opposed to anonymous peer review )  Open-disclosure or public peer review , where the peer review contents are publicly available  Open-invitation or post-publication peer review , where anyone interested can contribute to the peer review process . Can also be a continuous process after publication .

neg: MediaCommons MediaCommons is an in-development all-electronic scholarly publishing network in media studies , being created in partnership with the Institute for the Future of the Book and with the support of New York University and the National Endowment for the Humanities .   MediaCommons established its first presence on the web in November 2006 with a now-defunct development site named `` making MediaCommons , '' and opened its current web site in March 2007 . The first project established on MediaCommons was In Media Res , an ongoing feature in which notable scholars in media studies present and comment upon brief , timely videoclips , aiming to promote dialogue between scholars and the broader public about the significance of media representations and forms .   MediaCommons claims among its goals a transformation in scholarly publishing , suggesting that the network `` will not simply shift the locus of publishing from print to screen , but will actually transform what it means to ` publish , ' allowing the author , the publisher , and the reader all to make the process of such discourse just as visible as its product . '' The network promises to speed up the processes of publishing , but also to shift the focus of scholarly publishing back to communication amongst scholars . For this reason , the editors describe MediaCommons as a `` scholarly network '' rather than an electronic journal or press .   MediaCommons is also an experiment in reimagining the processes of peer review in the humanities , opening up the process to public debate and discussion , and using both web-based metrics and commentary to create a process of `` peer-to-peer review . '' The backbone of this system is a social networking system currently being built by the NYU Digital Library Technology Services .   MediaCommons has thus far published two commentable papers , one on the future of scholarly publishing , and the other on CommentPress , the WordPress theme developed by the Institute for the Future of the Book that allows for paragraph-by-paragraph commenting on lengthy documents .   The co-coordinating editors of MediaCommons are Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Avi Santo , and the project draws on the support of an editorial board of scholars from across the digital humanities .

neg: Astro Boy (2003 TV series) is a remake of the 1960s anime series of the same name created by Osamu Tezuka , which was produced by his company , Tezuka Productions , Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan , Dentsu , and Fuji Television network . It was also shown on Animax , who have broadcast the series across its respective networks worldwide , including Japan , Southeast Asia , South Asia , East Asia , and other regions . It was created to celebrate the birth date of Atom/Astro Boy ( as well as the 40th anniversary of the original TV series ) . Under the original English name ( instead of Mighty Atom ) , it kept the same classic art style as the original manga and anime , but was revisioned and modernized with more lush , high-quality , near-theatrical animation and visuals . It combined the playfulness of the early anime with the darker , more serious and dramatic Science fiction themes of the manga and the 1980 series . The anime broadcast in Japan on the same date as Atom 's / Astro 's birth in the manga ( April 6 , 2003 ) across Animax and Fuji Television . It was directed by Kazuya Konaka and written by Chiaki J. Konaka at the beginning of the series . Other writers included were Keiichi Hasegawa , Sadayuki Murai , Ai Ohta , Hirotoshi Kobayashi , Kenji Konuta , and Marc Handler , who was also executive story editor .

neg: Astronet Astronet is a consortium which gather European funding agencies in order to establish a comprehensive long-term planning for the development of European astronomy . The consortium started on September 1 , 2005 .

neg: WELMEC WELMEC is a body set up to promote European cooperation in the field of legal metrology . WELMEC members are drawn from the national authorities responsible for legal metrology in European Union ( EU ) and European Free Trade Association ( EFTA ) member states .   WELMEC state their mission as being `` to develop and maintain mutual acceptance among its members and to maintain effective cooperation to achieve a harmonised and consistent approach to the societies needs for legal metrology and for the benefit of all stakeholders including consumers and businesses . ''   WELMEC was established in 1990 , at a meeting in Bern , Switzerland , and was originally the acronym for the `` Western European Legal Metrology Cooperation '' . WELMEC has 30 members and 7 associate members . Today , although the name is still WELMEC , as the European Union extended its membership outside Western Europe , so did WELMEC , the organisation 's membership encompassing EU member states , EFTA members and aspiring EU members : one of the aims of WELMEC being the provision of assistance to aspiring EU members in aligning their legal metrology process with those of the EU .   As of 2013 , WELMEC 's principal activities cantered on the operation of the EU Nonautomatic Weighing Instruments Directive ( NAWI - EU directive 2009/23/EC ) and the implementation of the EU Measuring Instruments Directive ( MID - EU directive ( 2004/22/EC ) . The organisation 's working parties , which map onto various aspects of these two directives , are :  WG 2 Directive Implementation ( 2009/23/EC )  WG 4 General Aspects of legal metrology  WG 5 Metrological supervision  WG 6 Prepackages  WG 7 Software  WG 8 Measuring Instruments Directive  WG 10 Measuring equipment for liquids other than water  WG 11 Utility meters

neg: AEM AEM or A.E.M. may refer to :  AEM ( 1924 automobile ) , a French electric car  AEM ( 1987 automobile ) , a Welsh-built version of the Mini-Moke  AEM ( psychedelic ) , a psychedelic drug  AEM rubber , an ethylene acrylic rubber  Adobe Experience Manager  Agencia Espacial Mexicana ( English : Mexican Space Agency ) , the national space agency of Mexico  Agnico-Eagle Mines  Alkaline earth metal  Analytic element method , a numerical technique  Anion exchange membrane  Applied and Environmental Microbiology , a scientific research journal  Applied element method , a method of structural analysis  Arem language  Association of Equipment Manufacturers  Atlantic Equatorial mode , a climate pattern of the tropical Atlantic Ocean  Aviation Electrician 's Mate , a rating of the U.S. Navy  Cornell University Department of Applied Economics and Management  Applications Explorer Mission , part of the Explorer program

neg: Motion Picture Editors Guild The Motion Picture Editors Guild ( MPEG ) is the guild that represents freelance and staff motion picture film and television editors and other post-production professionals and story analysts throughout the United States . The Motion Picture Editors Guild ( Union Local 700 ) is a part of the 500 affiliated local unions of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees ( IATSE ) , a national labor organization with 104,000-plus members . There are more than 6,000 members of the Editors Guild .   The MPEG negotiates collective bargaining agreements ( union contracts ) with producers and major motion picture movie studios and enforces existing agreements with employers involved in post-production . The MPEG provides assistance for securing better working conditions , including but salary , medical benefits , safety ( particularly `` turnaround time '' ) and artistic ( assignment of credit ) concerns .

neg: American Board of Science in Nuclear Medicine The American Board of Science in Nuclear Medicine , founded in 1976 , also known as the ABSNM is an organization in North America that offers certification to specialty areas of advanced nuclear medicine .   The board offers certification in the following areas :  Nuclear Medicine Physics and Instrumentation  Radiopharmaceutical Science  Radiation Protection  Molecular Imaging   The ABSNM is co-sponsored by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging , the American College of Nuclear Physicians , and the American College of Nuclear Medicine and offers an equivalent board to that of the ABR for physicists to be certified in nuclear medicine   The board is officially recognized by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine , American College of Radiology and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under 10 CFR Part 35.50 ( a ) ( 2 ) .

neg: Archigram __ NOTOC __  Archigram was an avant-garde architectural group formed in the 1960s - based at the Architectural Association , London - that was neofuturistic , anti-heroic and pro-consumerist , drawing inspiration from technology in order to create a new reality that was solely expressed through hypothetical projects . The main members of the group were Peter Cook , Warren Chalk , Ron Herron , Dennis Crompton , Michael Webb and David Greene . Designer Theo Crosby was the `` hidden hand '' behind the group . He gave them coverage in Architectural Design magazine ( where he was an editor from 1953 -- 62 ) , brought them to the attention of the Institute of Contemporary Arts ( ICA ) in London , where , in 1963 , they mounted an exhibition called Living Cities , and in 1964 brought them into the Taylor Woodrow Design Group , which he headed , to take on experimental projects . The pamphlet Archigram I was printed in 1961 to proclaim their ideas . Committed to a ` high tech ' , light weight , infra-structural approach that was focused towards survival technology , the group experimented with modular technology , mobility through the environment , space capsules and mass-consumer imagery . Their works offered a seductive vision of a glamorous future machine age ; however , social and environmental issues were left unaddressed .   Archigram agitated to prevent modernism from becoming a sterile and safe orthodoxy by its adherents . Unlike ephemeralisation from Buckminster Fuller which assumes more must be done with less material ( because material is finite ) , Archigram relies on a future of interminable resources .   The works of Archigram had a neofuturistic slant being influenced by Antonio Sant ` Elia 's works . Buckminster Fuller and Yona Friedman were also important sources of inspiration . The works of Archigram served as a source of inspiration for later works such as the High tech ` Pompidou centre ' 1971 by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano , early Norman Foster works , Gianfranco Franchini and Future Systems . By the early 1970s the strategy of the group had changed . In 1973 Theo Crosby wrote that its members had `` found their original impulses towards megastructures blunted by the changing intellectual climate in England , where the brash dreams of modern architects are received with ever-increasing horror . They are now more concerned with the infiltration of technology into the environment at a much less obvious level '' .   The group was financially supported by mainstream architects , such as David Rock of BDP . Rock later nominated Archigram for the RIBA Royal Gold Medal which they received in 2002 .   Sixpack France dedicated their Summer Spring 2009 Collection to this movement .

neg: Sverker Åström Carl Sverker Åström ( 30 December 1915 -- 26 June 2012 ) was a Swedish diplomat .

neg: Benefits realisation management Benefits realisation management ( BRM ) ( also benefits management , benefits realisation or project benefits management ) is one of the many ways of managing how time and resources are invested into making desirable changes .   Benefits realisation management has four main definitions . The first definition is to consider benefits management as an organisational change process . It is defined as `` the process of organizing and managing , such that the potential benefits arising from the use of IT are actually realized '' . The second definition perceives it as a process . Benefits management is defined by the Association for Project Management ( APM ) as the identification , definition , planning , tracking and realisation of business benefits . The third definition is to apply this concept on project management level . Project benefits management is defined as `` the initiating , planning , organising , executing , controlling , transitioning and supporting of change in the organisation and its consequences as incurred by project management mechanisms to realise predefined project benefits '' . Finally , the last definition perceives benefits realisation management as a set of processes structured to close the gap between strategy planning and execution by ensuring the implementation of the most valuable initiatives .   The popularity of BRM grew in the UK with the inclusion of BRM by the UK Government in their standardised approach to programmes , Managing Successful Programmes ( MSP ) .   BRM practices aim to ensure the alignment between project outcomes and business strategies and has been shown to increase project success across different countries and industries . The Project Management Institute ( PMI ) identified that only one in five organisations report high maturity in benefits realisation .


query: Elise Neal appeared in an ABC/UPN sitcom.

pos: Elise Neal Elise Neal ( born March 14 , 1966 ) is an American actress . Her big break came in 1997 , appearing in films Rosewood , Money Talks and Scream 2 .   From 1998 to 2003 , Neal starred as Yvonne Hughley in the ABC/UPN sitcom The Hughleys . She also has appeared in films include Restaurant ( 1998 ) , Mission to Mars ( 2000 ) , Paid in Full ( 2002 ) , Hustle & Flow ( 2005 ) , and Logan ( 2017 ) . On television , Neal also starred as Tia Jewel in the first two seasons of UPN sitcom All of Us from 2003 to 2005 . She also played many other roles on film and television . She is three-time NAACP Image Award nominee .

neg: Room for Two (TV series) Room for Two is an American sitcom starring Patricia Heaton and Linda Lavin that aired for two seasons on ABC from March 24 , 1992 to July 6 , 1993 .

neg: Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw .   Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood .   The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences .   Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list .   In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .

neg: Meet the Browns (TV series) Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns is an American sitcom created and produced by playwright , director , and producer Tyler Perry . The show initially revolved around Mr. Brown running a senior citizens ' home in Decatur , Georgia with his daughter Cora Simmons , but as the show progressed , this idea was gradually phased out and it became a typical family sitcom about a multigenerational clan living under one roof . The show premiered on Wednesday , January 7 , 2009 and finished its run on November 18 , 2011 on TBS . It is made in the model of his play and film of the same name . The show stars David Mann and Tamela Mann , who starred in the earlier stage play and motion picture .

neg: Working It Out Working It Out is an American sitcom starring Jane Curtin and Stephen Collins that aired on NBC from August 22 to December 12 , 1990 . The series was created and executive produced by Bill Persky .

neg: North Shore (TV series) North Shore is an American prime-time soap opera that aired on Fox every Monday at 8 p.m. EST ( 7 p.m. CST ) for seven months in 2004 and 2005 . It centered on the staff and guests of the fictional Grand Waimea Hotel and Resort ( actually the real-life Turtle Bay Resort located near Kahuku , O'ahu ) on Oahu 's North Shore in Hawaii .   From Fox 's website :  Intrigue abounds at the Grand Waimea Hotel , an exclusive Hawaiian escape for the wealthy , powerful and beautiful . Hawaiian native Jason Matthews runs the hotel and makes sure every guest gets everything they need . But when former flame Nicole Booth arrives as the hotel 's new Director of Guest Relations , Jason 's world is turned upside down . But Grand Waimea owner , Vincent Colville , is staying on top of him to make sure his past with Nicole wo n't affect their work life .   North Shore premiered on June 14 , 2004 , with a 13-episode commitment from Fox . The show was canceled in January 2005 after a 21-episode , single-season run . The show ended on a cliffhanger , and the final episode of the series has only had a single airing , not being shown in most territories ( including America ) .

neg: In Case of Emergency (TV series) In Case of Emergency is an American half-hour sitcom television series shown on ABC in the United States . The series follows a group of high school acquaintances whose lives have not turned out as they hoped . It premiered on January 3 , 2007 , at 9:30 pm and ended on April 11 , 2007 . The pilot episode was directed by Jon Favreau and the cast included Jonathan Silverman , David Arquette , Lori Loughlin , Kelly Hu , and Greg Germann .   ABC gave early renewal notices to several of its series on March 21 , 2007 but In Case of Emergency was not one of them .   On April 12 , 2007 , ABC announced that the show had been officially cancelled , leaving one episode unaired , which has since been broadcast internationally .

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons .   The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching .   The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .

neg: What's Happening!! What 's Happening !! is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from August 5 , 1976 , to April 28 , 1979 . The show premiered as a summer series . With good ratings and reviews , and after the failure of several other shows on the network , What 's Happening !! returned in November 1976 as a weekly series . It remained a regular show until 1979 ; ratings were modest . What 's Happening !! was loosely based on the Eric Monte-penned film Cooley High . From 1985 to 1988 , a sequel series called What 's Happening Now !! aired in first-run syndication , with most of the major cast members reprising their roles .   What 's Happening !! was Bud Yorkin 's second series after he ended his partnership with Norman Lear in Tandem Productions . The show was produced by TOY Productions , which was formed by Yorkin , Saul Turtletaub , and Bernie Orenstein after the split .

neg: Julie Farr, M.D. Julie Farr , M.D. ( Having Babies ) is an American television show that aired on the ABC network in 1978 . It followed three television movies called Having Babies which aired from 1976 -- 78 , and was not renewed after its initial run of episodes aired in March -- April 1978 . The show began airing as Having Babies but was renamed Julie Farr , M.D. during its run after its lead character .

neg: List of Sports Night characters Sports Night is an American comedy-drama which aired on ABC from September 1998 until May 2000 . The show goes behind the scenes at a fictional network sports round-up show , akin to ESPN show Sports Center , and the interactions on and off screen between the eccentric characters .

neg: List of The Middle episodes The Middle is a primetime American comedy series created by DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler for the ABC network . The Middle stars Patricia Heaton and Neil Flynn as Frankie and Mike Heck , a used-car saleswoman and the manager of a small mining firm respectively , who struggle to raise their children in the fictional middle-class town of Orson , Indiana . Their three children include the athletic but underachieving , slow-witted Axl ( Charlie McDermott ) , cluelessly unpopular daughter Sue ( Eden Sher ) , and frustrated , odd child-genius Brick ( Atticus Shaffer ) . The Hecks find themselves embroiled in somewhat unusual events as they attempt to navigate their day-to-day lives . The series was met with a positive reception from television critics when it premiered on September 30 , 2009 , with a score of 70 on the aggregated reviews website Metacritic . On March 3 , 2016 , ABC renewed the series for an eighth season . On January 25 , 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a ninth season .

neg: Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .

neg: A Current Affair (U.S. TV series) A Current Affair is an American television newsmagazine that aired in syndication from July 1986 to 1996 before reappearing briefly in March 2005 . The show was produced by 20th Century Fox , and long based at Fox 's New York flagship WNYW .

neg: Ladies Man (1999 TV series) Ladies Man is an American television sitcom series starring Alfred Molina as husband , father , son , ex-husband and son-in-law who lives with a number of women under one roof . The show was first broadcast on September 20 , 1999 , and lasted for two seasons on CBS until June 27 , 2001 . The series co-starred Betty White and is perhaps most memorable for reuniting White and her Golden Girls co-stars Rue McClanahan and Estelle Getty in one of the later episodes .

neg: That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time .   The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .

neg: The Goldbergs (2013 TV series) The Goldbergs is an American sitcom that premiered on Tuesday , September 24 , 2013 on ABC . The series was created by Adam F. Goldberg and stars Wendi McLendon-Covey , Jeff Garlin , Sean Giambrone , Troy Gentile , Hayley Orrantia and George Segal . The show is produced by Goldberg , Seth Gordon , and Doug Robinson . It is based on Goldberg 's childhood and family in the 1980s , complete with a childhood version of himself . The fourth season premiered on September 21 , 2016 . In May 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a fifth and sixth season .

neg: The Carmichael Show The Carmichael Show is an American sitcom television series created by Nicholas Stoller , Jerrod Carmichael , Ari Katcher , and Willie Hunter that premiered on August 26 , 2015 , on NBC . Starring Carmichael , it follows a fictional version of his family . The multi-camera show is set in Charlotte , North Carolina .   On May 15 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode third season , which premiered with back-to-back episodes on May 31 , 2017 .

neg: List of The Middle characters The Middle is an American sitcom about a working-class family living in Indiana and facing the day-to-day struggles of home life , work , and raising children . The Middle premiered September 30 , 2009 , on the ABC network and is airing its eighth season as of 201617 . It features Everybody Loves Raymond star Patricia Heaton and Scrubs star Neil Flynn .   Below is a list of characters central to the series .

neg: List of Three's Company episodes Three 's Company is an American sitcom that aired from 1977 to 1984 on ABC .

neg: Ellen (TV series) Ellen is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from March 29 , 1994 , to July 22 , 1998 , consisting of 109 episodes . The title role is Ellen Morgan , played by stand-up comedian Ellen DeGeneres , a neurotic bookstore owner in her thirties . The title of the series was These Friends of Mine for the first season , but it was subsequently changed to avoid confusion with the NBC series Friends , which premiered in September 1994 .   The series centered on Ellen 's dealing with her quirky friends , her family , and the problems of daily life . The series is notable for being one of the first with a main character to come out as gay , which DeGeneres ' character did in the 1997 episode `` The Puppy Episode '' , which aired shortly after DeGeneres publicly revealed that she was gay in real life . This event received a great deal of media exposure , ignited controversy , and prompted ABC to place a parental advisory at the beginning of each episode .   The series ' theme song ( used in season 3 onwards ) , `` So Called Friend '' , is by Scottish band Texas . A running gag during the third and fourth seasons was that each episode had a distinct/different opening credits sequence ( often with singing and dancing ) , resulting from Ellen 's ongoing search for the perfect opening credits .


query: Alex Rodriguez has 696 home runs.

pos: Alex Rodriguez Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez ( born July 27 , 1975 ) , nicknamed `` A-Rod '' , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman . He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Texas Rangers , and New York Yankees . Rodriguez was one of the sport 's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time . During his 22-year career , Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average , 696 home runs , over 2,000 runs batted in ( RBI ) , over 2,000 runs scored , and over 3,000 hits . He is a 14-time All-Star and has won three American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten Silver Slugger Awards , and two Gold Glove Awards . Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25 . However , he has led a highly controversial career due to signing two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history while incurring criticism from the media for his behavior and use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs .   The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft , and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18 . In 1996 , he became the Mariners ' starting shortstop and finished second in voting for the AL MVP Award . Rodriguez 's combination of power , speed , and defense made him a cornerstone of the franchise , but he left the team via free agency after the 2000 season to join the Rangers . The 10-year , $ 252 million contract he signed was the richest in baseball history . He played at a high level in his three years with Texas , highlighted by his first AL MVP Award win in 2003 , but the team failed to make the playoffs during his tenure . Prior to the 2004 season , Rodriguez was traded to the Yankees , for whom he converted to a third baseman due to incumbent shortstop Derek Jeter . In his first four seasons with New York , he was twice more named AL MVP . After opting out of his contract following the 2007 season , Rodriguez signed a new 10-year , $ 275 million deal with the Yankees , extending his record for the sport 's most lucrative contract . He became the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs , reaching the milestone in 2007 . He won his first World Series in 2009 , which was the first year of the new Yankee Stadium . The following year , he became the career leader in home runs by a player of Hispanic descent . In recent years , Rodriguez has been hampered by hip and knee injuries , which have caused him to exclusively become a designated hitter . He played his final game as a Yankee on August 12 , 2016 .   In February 2009 , after previously denying use of performance-enhancing drugs , including during a 2007 interview with Katie Couric on 60 Minutes , Rodriguez admitted to using steroids , saying he used them from 2001 to 2003 when playing for Rangers due to `` an enormous amount of pressure '' to perform . While recovering from a hip injury in 2013 , Rodriguez made headlines by feuding with team management over his rehabilitation and for having allegedly obtained performance-enhancing drugs as part of the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In August 2013 , MLB suspended him 211 games for his involvement in the scandal , but he was allowed to play while appealing the punishment . Had the original suspension been upheld , it would have been the longest non-lifetime suspension in Major League Baseball history . After an arbitration hearing , the suspension was reduced to 162 games , keeping him off the field for the entire 2014 season .

neg: Jeff Bagwell Jeffrey Robert Bagwell ( born May 27 , 1968 ) is an American former professional first baseman and coach who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball ( MLB ) playing career with the Houston Astros . Originally a Boston Red Sox fourth-round selection from the University of Hartford as a third baseman in the 1989 amateur draft , he was then traded to the Astros in 1990 . The National League ( NL ) Rookie of the Year in 1991 , Bagwell then won the NL Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in 1994 , was a four-time MLB All-Star , three-time Silver Slugger winner and a Gold Glove recipient . Forming a core part of Astros lineups with Craig Biggio and Lance Berkman given the epithet `` Killer B 's '' , Houston finished in first or second place in the National League Central division in 11 of 12 seasons from 1994 to 2005 . They qualified for the playoffs six times , culminating in Bagwell 's lone World Series appearance in 2005 . He was elected to the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 2005 , and to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017 .   Bagwell was part of the trade that sent relief pitcher Larry Andersen to the Red Sox , now regarded as one of the most lopsided trades in sports history . Andersen pitched just 22 innings for Boston while Bagwell hit 449 home runs for the Astros , the most in club history , among setting numerous other franchise career and single-season records . He excelled at every major aspect of the game , including hitting , on-base ability , running , defense , and throwing . One of the most consistent players of his generation , in each of his first 11 seasons , he produced no fewer than 4.7 wins above replacement ( WAR ) per Baseball-Reference . com . His 1994 season was perhaps his finest . As the fourth unanimous NL MVP in history , he set the record for fewest plate appearances to reach both 100 runs scored and 100 runs batted in , produced a .750 slugging percentage − the highest in the NL since 1925 − while batting a career-high .368 . In 1999 , he finished second in the MVP voting , producing his second career 30 -- 30 season .   The only player in MLB history to achieve six consecutive seasons ( 1996 -- 2001 ) with each of 30 home runs , 100 RBI , 100 runs scored , and 100 walks , Bagwell is just the fifth to achieve 300 home runs , 1,000 RBI , and 1,000 runs scored in his first 10 seasons . He is just one of 12 players in history to hit 400 home runs and record an on-base percentage ( OBP ) of .400 , and the only first baseman with at least 400 home runs and 200 stolen bases . Overall , Bagwell batted over .300 six times , had a career OBP of .408 ( 39th all-time ) and a slugging percentage of .540 ( 32nd all-time ) . He is the only first baseman to achieve the 30 -- 30 club more than once . His 79.6 career WAR per Baseball-Reference . com ranks sixth all-time among first basemen .   Since his playing career ended , Bagwell has served in sporadic instructor assignments with the Astros , including as hitting coach in 2010 .

neg: Alex Reyes Alexander Reyes ( born August 29 , 1994 ) is a Dominican American professional baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He was signed by the Cardinals as an amateur free agent in December 2012 , and made his MLB debut for them August 9 , 2016 .   The Cardinals ' top prospect entering both the 2015 and 2016 seasons , Baseball America named him the second-best prospect overall in their 2016 mid-season ranking . He has played in two All-Star Futures Games and was one of two Cardinals ' Co-Minor League Pitchers of the Year in 2015 .

neg: José Bautista José Antonio Bautista Santos ( born October 19 , 1980 ) is a Dominican professional baseball right fielder for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles , Tampa Bay Devil Rays , Kansas City Royals , and Pittsburgh Pirates . His professional career began when the Pittsburgh Pirates selected him in the 20th round of the 2000 first year player draft . In 2010 , Bautista became the 26th member of the 50 home run club while leading the major leagues in home runs for the first of two consecutive seasons , and , from 2010 -- 15 , has hit more home runs than any player in the major leagues . An MLB All-Star selection six consecutive times , he has won three Silver Slugger Awards and two Hank Aaron Awards . In addition , he has received the American League Player of the Month Award five times and the Player of the Week four times . Before being traded to the Blue Jays , Bautista primarily played third base .   Although major league scouts initially noted Bautista while in junior college for his batting skills -- including power hitting potential -- and a strong throwing arm , his career took detours until realizing his potential in 2010 . He made his MLB debut with the Baltimore Orioles in 2004 , and , that year , became the first player ever to appear on five MLB rosters in one season . The last of those clubs were the Pirates , where he played at five different positions as a utility player until being traded to the Blue Jays in 2008 . After making adjustments to his swing , Bautista broke through with ten home runs in September 2009 . He has since been voted in the top ten in the AL Most Valuable Player Award four times and is a leader or among the top ten in numerous offensive single-season and career categories in Blue Jays ' franchise history .   Since 2010 , Bautista has hit at least 20 home runs each year , and in four of those seasons , has hit at least 35 home runs , has both scored and driven in at least 100 runs , and has drawn at least 100 bases on balls , including twice leading the AL. . In 2015 , while playing in the playoffs for the first time , his bat flip in the American League Division Series caused a sensation that became a symbol of Toronto 's first playoff appearance in 22 years . In 2011 , he set up a program that assists athletes from the Dominican Republic to attend universities in the United States .

neg: Cy Young Award The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , one each for the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) . The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young , who died in 1955 . The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues , but in 1967 , after the retirement of Frick , the award was given to one pitcher in each league .   Each league 's award is voted on by members of the Baseball Writers ' Association of America , with one representative from each team . As of the 2010 season , each voter places a vote for first , second , third , fourth and fifth place among the pitchers of each league . The formula used to calculate the final scores is a weighted sum of the votes . The pitcher with the highest score in each league wins the award . If two pitchers receive the same number of votes , the award is shared . The current formula started in the 2010 season . Before that , dating back to 1970 , writers voted for three pitchers , with the formula of 5 points for a first place vote , 3 for a second place vote and 1 for a third place vote . Prior to 1970 , writers only voted for the best pitcher and used a formula of one point per vote .

neg: Orlando Peña Orlando Gregorio Peña Guevara ( born November 17 , 1933 ) is a former pitcher who played in Major League Baseball between 1958 and 1975 for the Cincinnati Reds ( 1958 -- 60 ) , Kansas City Athletics ( 1962 -- 65 ) , Detroit Tigers ( 1965 -- 67 ) , Cleveland Indians ( 1967 ) , Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1970 ) , Baltimore Orioles ( 1971 , 1973 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 1973 -- 74 ) and California Angels ( 1975 ) . He batted and threw right-handed .   In a 14-season career , Peña posted a 56 -- 77 record with 818 strikeouts and a 3.71 ERA in 427 games pitched , including 93 starts , 21 complete games , four shutouts , 40 saves , and 1202 innings .   Peña currently serves as a scout for the Tigers .

neg: Bronswell Patrick Bronswell Dante Patrick ( born September 16 , 1970 in Greenville , North Carolina ) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher . He also played in several international leagues .   After Patrick pitched at D. H. Conley High School in Winterville , North Carolina , the Oakland Athletics selected him with the 593rd overall pick of the 1988 June draft , as part of the 23rd round . Patrick started out with the Phoenix Athletics in the Arizona League and pitched in Oakland 's system until , when he left as a minor league free agent .   Patrick had agreed to play as a `` replacement player '' in the wake of the 1994 baseball strike , but his Major League debut was postponed when the two sides struck a deal . He continued to pitch in the minor leagues for affiliates of the Houston Astros and Milwaukee Brewers , and on May 18 , 1998 he finally broke in as a reliever for the Brewers . He spent the majority of that season with the Brewers , pitching 78 innings while appearing mostly in relief . He collected four wins and one loss , struck out 49 batters , and posted a 4.69 earned run average . In a game on August 1 , he hit a home run against Félix Rodríguez , becoming the first Brewers pitcher to hit a home run since Skip Lockwood in . In a September 13 game against the Chicago Cubs , Patrick surrendered a home run to Sammy Sosa , during Sosa 's chase of the record for single-season home runs . The home run in question was Sosa 's 61st of the season , tying the previous mark set by Yankees outfielder Roger Maris , and placing him one behind McGwire , who had hit his 62nd on September 8 . Later in the same game , Sosa would hit his 62nd against Eric Plunk to pull into a tie with McGwire .   After the season , the Brewers removed Patrick from their roster , and he joined the San Francisco Giants organization . Working as a starter for their AAA affiliate , the Fresno Grizzlies , Patrick set a Fresno record with 14 wins . The Giants rewarded him for his good work with a September callup , and he appeared in six games for them , picking up a win and a save despite a 10.12 ERA .   The Giants removed him from their roster after the season , but Patrick has continued to pitch professionally . He was one of the top pitchers in the Mexican League in , with his 13-2 record helping the Mexico City Red Devils win their 14th championship . Most recently , he spent part of with the Tabasco Olmecas and Yucatán Lions of that same league , then joined the Brother Elephants of the Chinese Professional Baseball League . In a 2000 interview with the Calgary Sun , Patrick was quoted as saying , `` I 'm going to continue to try and pitch as long as I can . Until they come and tell me they 're taking the uniform away , and even then they 're not getting it without a fight . ''   In between , Patrick played winter ball with the Leones del Caracas and Tiburones de La Guaira clubs of the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League in three seasons spanning 1997 -- 2005 , and for the Samsung Lions of Korea Professional Baseball in 2002 .   In 2008 , Patrick joined the staff of the AZL Padres as the team 's pitching coach . He also worked in the same capacity for the Single-A Fort Wayne TinCaps of the Midwest League in the 2010 season .

neg: Sandy Alomar Jr. Santos `` Sandy '' Alomar Velázquez Jr. ( -LSB- aloˈmar -RSB- , -LSB- ˈæləmɑr -RSB- born June 18 , 1966 ) is a professional baseball catcher , coach , and manager . He played in Major League Baseball catcher for the San Diego Padres , Cleveland Indians , Chicago White Sox , Colorado Rockies , Texas Rangers , Los Angeles Dodgers , and New York Mets between 1988 and 2007 .   Alomar is a six-time All-Star . He is the son of former major leaguer Sandy Alomar Sr. and the brother of Hall of Fame second baseman Roberto Alomar .

neg: 1998 Major League Baseball home run record chase The 1998 Major League Baseball home run chase in Major League Baseball was the race between first baseman Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals and right fielder Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs that resulted in both players breaking Roger Maris 's long-standing and highly coveted record of 61 home runs . McGwire broke Maris 's record on September 8 against the Cubs and finished with 70 home runs . Sosa finished with 66 .   Several players had come close to breaking Maris 's record in the years before 1998 . Before the 1994 season was cut short by a labor dispute , Matt Williams of the San Francisco Giants and Ken Griffey , Jr. of the Seattle Mariners were both on a pace which threatened Maris 's record : they hit 43 and 40 home runs respectively in a season which was shortened by approximately 50 of the scheduled 162 games .   In 1995 , Albert Belle became the first player since Cecil Fielder in 1990 to hit 50 home runs in a season . Belle was only the 4th player in the previous three decades to reach the 50 home run - milestone ( George Foster hit 52 in 1977 , following Willie Mays in 1965 ) .   In 1996 , Brady Anderson of the Baltimore Orioles hit 50 home runs , twice the number he hit during any other season . Of more note was Mark McGwire of the Oakland Athletics , who first drew attention by hitting a league-leading 52 home runs that season while only playing in 130 games . The 1997 home run chase featured McGwire against Ken Griffey , Jr. of the Seattle Mariners . It was during that season that full-fledged interest over the record kicked in as both players were on record pace well into the summer . McGwire finished with 58 home runs despite a slump following his mid-season trade to the St. Louis Cardinals , besting Griffey 's total of 56 .

neg: Eduardo Zambrano Eduardo José Zambrano ( born February 1 , 1966 ) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player . He played parts of two Major League Baseball ( MLB ) seasons for the Chicago Cubs ( 1993 -- 94 ) , playing four different positions . He batted and threw right-handed .   He was the American Association MVP in 1993 , leading the league with 32 home runs and 115 runs batted in . In the majors , Zambrano was a career .263 hitter ( 35-133 ) , with six home runs , 20 RBI , 18 runs , seven doubles , and two stolen bases in 75 games .   Zambrano 's nephew , Rougned Odor , plays in MLB .

neg: Gil Garrido Gil Gonzalo Garrido ( born June 26 , 1941 ) is a former backup infielder in Major League Baseball , playing mainly at shortstop for two different teams between the and seasons . Listed at 5 ft , 150 lb , Garrido batted and threw right-handed . He was born in Panama City , Panama .   The diminutive Garrido was 22 years old when he entered the majors in 1964 with the San Francisco Giants , playing for them one year before joining the Atlanta Braves ( 1968 -- 1972 ) . His most productive season came in 1970 , when he posted career numbers in games ( 101 ) , batting average ( .264 ) , runs ( 38 ) , RBI ( 19 ) , hits ( 97 ) and extrabases ( 10 ) . He also appeared in the 1969 NLCS won by the New York Mets over Atlanta , 3 -- 0 , and went 2-for-12 .   In a six-season career , Garrido was a .237 hitter ( 207-for-872 ) with one home run and 51 RBI in 334 games , including 81 runs , 14 doubles , one triple , and two stolen bases .   Garrido also played from 1960 through 1968 in the San Francisco ( 1960 -- 1965 ) and Atlanta ( 1966 -- 1968 ) Minor league systems . In parts of nine seasons , he hit .266 with 18 homers and 328 RBI in 1177 games .

neg: Jerry Lynch Gerald Thomas Lynch ( July 17 , 1930 -- March 31 , 2012 ) was a professional baseball player who was an outfielder and pinch hitter in the Major Leagues for the Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1954 -- 56 and 1963 -- 66 ) and Cincinnati Reds ( 1957 -- 63 ) .   He was born in Bay City , Michigan . After two years of military service , he made his Major League debut at age 23 on April 15 , 1954 in a 7-4 Pirates ' loss to the Brooklyn Dodgers at Ebbets Field . Starting in right field and batting third , he had one hit in four at bats . In his first three at-bats he flied out twice and struck out once against Dodgers pitcher Russ Meyer . His first career hit came in the ninth inning off Meyer , as he singled and also drove in his first two runs .   Lynch helped the Reds win the 1961 National League pennant . On September 26 , 1961 , he propelled the Reds into the World Series with his two-run home run off Cubs pitcher Bob Anderson , scoring Vada Pinson . He finished 22nd in voting for the 1961 NL MVP . He was hitless in three official at bats and four plate appearances during the 1961 World Series , which the Reds lost in five games to the New York Yankees .   Lynch is considered one of baseball 's all-time best pinch hitters . He had 116 pinch hits during his career , which ranks him 10th on the all-time list . Lynch is third on the all-time pinch hit home run list ( he was first when he retired ) with 18 , with five of those coming during the 1961 season while driving in 25 runs .   Lynch was once quoted as saying , `` The good pinch-hitter is the guy who can relax enough to get the pitch he can hit . You almost always do get one pitch to hit every time you bat . So you have to have the patience to wait . And then you 've got to be able to handle the pitch when you get it . ''   In 13 seasons , he played in 1,184 games with 2,879 at bats , 364 runs , 798 hits , 123 doubles , 34 triples , 115 home runs , 470 RBI , 224 walks , .277 batting average , .329 on-base percentage , .463 slugging percentage and 1,334 total bases .   After his baseball career ended , Lynch partnered with former Pirates teammate Dick Groat to operate the Champion Lakes Golf Course in Ligonier , Pennsylvania . He retired to the Atlanta , Georgia area in the late 1980s . Lynch died on March 31 , 2012 at age 81 in Atlanta . He was survived by his wife Alice , sons Mark , Keith and Gerald , and daughter Kimberly .

neg: Alfonso Soriano Alfonso Guilleard Soriano ( born January 7 , 1976 ) is a Dominican former professional baseball left fielder and second baseman . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the New York Yankees , Chicago Cubs , Texas Rangers , and Washington Nationals , and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp .   Soriano began his professional career with Hiroshima in 1996 , but signed with the Yankees as a free agent in 1998 and was assigned to play in minor league baseball . The next year , he was the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in the All-Star Futures Game , and made his MLB debut for the Yankees , with whom he would win two American League championships . The Yankees traded Soriano to the Rangers after the 2003 season , and the Rangers traded Soriano to the Nationals after the 2005 season . He signed a contract as a free agent with the Cubs before the 2007 season . The Cubs traded Soriano to the Yankees in 2013 , and the Yankees released him in 2014 .   Soriano was a seven-time MLB All-Star , and won the All-Star Game MVP Award in 2004 . He won the Silver Slugger Award four times . He played primarily as a second baseman for the Yankees and Rangers before being converted to an outfielder with the Nationals .   Soriano is one of only 54 major league players to hit 400 or more career home runs , and was seventh among active players in home runs at the time of his retirement .

neg: Aubrey Huff Aubrey Lewis Huff III ( born December 20 , 1976 ) is an American former professional baseball player . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays , Houston Astros , Baltimore Orioles , Detroit Tigers , and San Francisco Giants . Huff is 6 ft tall and weighs 225 lb . He batted left-handed but threw right-handed .   Huff attended Vernon College and the University of Miami , where he finished his career second in school batting average . He was drafted by the Devil Rays in the sixth round in 1998 . After a couple years in the minor leagues , he debuted with the Devil Rays in 2000 . His first full season in the majors came in 2001 . In 2002 , he finished tenth in the American League ( AL ) in batting average . He set a career high in 2003 with 34 home runs and batted .311 with 107 runs batted in ( RBI ) . Next season , he batted .297 with 24 home runs and 104 RBI . In 2005 , he was placed on the disabled list for the first time in his career , but he batted .261 with 22 home runs and 92 RBI . During the 2006 season , he was traded to the Astros .   In 2007 , Huff signed a three-year contract with the Orioles . He hit 15 home runs his first season with the Orioles , his lowest total since 2001 . In 2008 , he won the Silver Slugger Award for the designated hitter position after batting .304 with 32 home runs and a career-high 108 RBI . During the 2009 season , he was traded to the Tigers . He became a free agent after the season and signed a one-year deal with the Giants . He batted .290 with 26 home runs in 2010 , reached the playoffs for the first time , and won his first World Series . He signed a two-year deal with the Giants in 2011 and hit 12 home runs , his lowest total since 2001 . In 2012 , he was used mostly as a pinch hitter and appeared in a career-low 52 games but won his second World Series with the Giants .   On January 4 , 2014 , Huff officially announced his retirement from baseball and took a position as a baseball color commentator .

neg: Al Gionfriddo Albert Francis `` Al '' Gionfriddo ( March 8 , 1922 -- March 14 , 2003 ) was an American professional baseball player who played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder .   Gionfriddo made his major league debut on September 23 , at the age of 22 with the Pittsburgh Pirates . He was a career .266 hitter whose best year was in 1945 when he hit .284 with 9 triples and 74 runs scored for the Pirates . He played in the majors for four years .   He was acquired by the Brooklyn Dodgers from the Pirates midway through the season , and he is most famous for his heroic catch of a drive off the bat of the New York Yankees ' Joe DiMaggio in Game 6 of the 1947 World Series . The Dodgers led the Yankees 8 -- 5 going into the bottom of the 6th inning when Gionfriddo was brought in as a defensive replacement . Snuffy Stirnweiss and Yogi Berra were on base when DiMaggio drove the ball to the 415 marker . Gionfriddo raced across the field and caught the ball several steps before crashing into the bullpen gate . In one of the most famous images in baseball history , the taciturn DiMaggio shook his head and kicked at the dirt in frustration .   At the time , there was no instant replay , and Gionfriddo was widely believed to have robbed DiMaggio of a home run . However , the game film , when developed later , clearly showed Gionfriddo catching the ball several steps shy of the wall , and thus actually robbing DiMaggio of a double or triple instead of a home run . Still photos of the catch contributed to the misconception that it was a potential home run , since the images showed Gionfriddo with his glove behind the bullpen gate , and the ball inside the glove . However , these photos were taken several seconds after the play , when Gionfriddo 's momentum had carried his arm over the gate .   Gionfriddo was also involved in the even more famous Game 4 of the 1947 Series when Cookie Lavagetto 's pinch hit double not only broke up Bill Bevens ' no hitter with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning , but won the game as well when Gionfriddo ( who had entered the game as a pinch runner for Carl Furillo and stolen second ) and Eddie Miksis scored on the play .   The 1947 World Series proved to be Gionfriddo 's swan song in the big leagues , as he was returned to the minor leagues in 1948 . After spending four years with the Dodgers ' AAA Montreal Royals and a season with the Class AA Fort Worth Cats , Gionfriddo was given a chance to play for and manage the Drummondville , Quebec Royals of the Class C Provincial League in 1953 . Unaffiliated with any major-league club , the Royals finished last , and Gionfriddo was replaced as manager in mid-season . He rejoined the Dodgers organization , playing for their Class B team in Newport News , Virginia . Drifting west , Gionfriddo played three years for teams in the California League , and then spent three years as the General Manager of the Dodgers ' Santa Barbara minor league club , before finally retiring from pro baseball after the 1959 season .   Al Gionfriddo died in Solvang , California on March 14 , 2003 while golfing , at the age of 81 .

neg: World Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) in North America , contested since 1903 between the American League ( AL ) champion team and the National League ( NL ) champion team . The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff , and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner 's Trophy . As the series is played in October ( and occasionally November ) , during the fall season in North America , it is often referred to as the Fall Classic .   Prior to 1969 , the team with the best regular season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series ; since then each league has conducted a championship series ( ALCS and NLCS ) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance . As of 2016 , the World Series has been contested 112 times , with the AL winning 64 and the NL winning 48 .   The 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs . Seven games were played , with the Cubs victorious after game seven , played in Cleveland . The final score was 8 -- 7 ; the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6 -- 6 . This was the third World Series won by the Cubs , as well as their first title since 1908 , a period of 108 years . With the Cubs ' record long title drought finally ended , the Indians ' championship dry spell of 68 years and counting -- the Indians last won the Series in 1948 -- is currently the longest-running Series title absence .   In the American League , the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27 , the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9 , and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8 , including the first World Series . In the National League , the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11 , the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8 , the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6 , and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5 .   As of 2016 , no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in , , and -- the longest such drought in Major League Baseball history .

neg: 1990 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics ' 1990 season was their 23rd in Oakland , California . It was also the 90th season in franchise history . The team finished first in the American League West with a record of 103-59 .   The Athletics ' 1990 campaign ranks among the organization 's finest . Oakland , in winning 103 games , led the league outright in wins for a third consecutive season ; they remained the last major North American team to accomplish this until 2017 , when the feat was matched by the nearby Golden State Warriors of the NBA . The Athletics benefited from stellar performances in all areas of the game . The team 's offense was led by eventual Hall-of-Famer Rickey Henderson . Henderson finished the season with 65 stolen bases , 28 home runs , and a .325 batting average ; for his efforts , he took home the 1990 American League MVP Award . The Athletics also benefited from strong performances by superstars Mark McGwire and Jose Canseco . The pair clubbed 39 and 37 home runs , respectively ; in doing so , they drove in a combined total of 209 runs . Over the course of the season , the team added to an already strong offense ; the additions of recent All-Stars Willie Randolph , Willie McGee , and Harold Baines further widened the gap between the Athletics and the rest of the league . Established veterans ( such as Carney Lansford , Terry Steinbach , Dave Henderson , and Mike Gallego ) and promising young players ( mainly Walt Weiss and Mike Bordick ) rounded out arguably the deepest roster in all of Major League Baseball . Eight of the Athletics ' nine main postseason starters ( R. Henderson , McGwire , Canseco , McGee , Steinbach , Randolph , Baines , and Lansford ) played in at least one All-Star Game between 1988 and 1990 .   The Athletics pitching staff , in many regards , had an even stronger campaign . The starting rotation was led by veteran Bob Welch . Welch would finish the season with both an MLB-leading 27 wins and a 2.95 ERA ; this performance was strong enough to net the 1990 Cy Young Award . Welch , as of 2014 , remains the last MLB pitcher to win at least 25 games in a season . Fellow starter Dave Stewart , winner of 22 games , finished in a tie ( with Pittsburgh starter Doug Drabek ) for the second-most wins in MLB . 1989 All-Star Mike Moore , 1991 All-Star Scott Sanderson , and longtime Athletic Curt Young rounded out the American League 's top rotation . The Athletics ' bullpen was led by superstar closer Dennis Eckersley , who posted a microscopic 0.61 ERA while recording 48 saves . As a team , the Athletics allowed only 570 runs ( the fewest in the American League by a wide margin ) .   The Athletics easily won the American League West for a third consecutive season . They swept the Boston Red Sox , four games to none , in that year 's American League Championship series ; in doing so , they won a third consecutive American League pennant . The Athletics entered the 1990 World Series as heavy favorites . Despite this , however , they were themselves swept by the Cincinnati Reds . The Athletics have not reached the World Series since .

neg: Luis Gómez (baseball) Luis Gómez Sánchez is a former professional baseball player who played during the 1970s and 1980s . Born in Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico in 1951 and raised in the Echo Park neighborhood of Los Angeles , CA , he attended and graduated from Nightingale Jr. . High , then attended Belmont High School and UCLA .   The 5 ' 9 '' Gómez played on the Bruins baseball team for three years ( ' 71 - ' 73 ) at shortstop . He is listed as having a batting average of .272 , 2 HR , and 34 RBI in college . During his senior year , his batting average was .301 in 52 games and 186 at bats .   He started his major league baseball career with the Minnesota Twins in 1974 , playing with them until 1977 , when he moved to the Toronto Blue Jays , for which he played two seasons before being traded to the Atlanta Braves , playing his two remaining seasons there and retiring in 1982 . He set an Atlanta record in 1980 with a .968 fielding percentage at shortstop and strung together 42 consecutive errorless games . He played shortstop , second base , and third base in 609 major league games .   Gomez was known for his exceptionally slick fielding , but also for his notably weak hitting . Among his hitting ` achievements ' :   - No non-pitcher since Bill Bergen retired in 1911 has had as many plate appearances as Gomez with an OPS of .500 or less . ( Gomez 's lifetime OPS is exactly .500 . )   - In 1975 , he played in 89 games without collecting a single extra-base hit , breaking a record held since 1916 by Mike McNally and which still stands .   - Gómez appeared in 609 major league games , the most among non-pitchers who never hit a home run .   - He also has the distinction of never having hit a home run as a professional baseball player at * any * level , whether in the majors , the minors or even in the Senior Baseball League .   Gómez joined the LDS Church as a result of his association with Garth Iorg , Alan Ashby , and Dale Murphy .

neg: Alexei Ramírez Alexei Fernando Ramírez Rodriguez ( born September 22 , 1981 ) is a Cuban professional baseball shortstop who is a free agent . He has played for the Chicago White Sox , San Diego Padres and Tampa Bay Rays in MLB and Pinar del Rio of the Cuban National Series . His nickname , given to him by former White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén , is `` The Cuban Missile '' due to his tall , slim physique and combination of speed , power , and strong throwing arm .

neg: Montreal Expos The Montreal Expos ( Les Expos de Montréal ) were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Expos were the first Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise located outside the United States . They played in the National League ( NL ) East Division from 1969 until 2004 . Following the 2004 season , the franchise relocated to Washington , D.C. , and became the Washington Nationals .   Immediately after the minor league Triple-A Montreal Royals folded in 1960 , political leaders in Montreal sought an MLB franchise , and when the National League evaluated expansion candidates for the 1969 season , it awarded a team to Montreal . Named after the Expo 67 World 's Fair , the Expos originally played at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977 . The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons . The team won its only division title in the strike-shortened season , but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series ( NLCS ) to the Los Angeles Dodgers . The team was sold in 1991 by its majority , founding owner , Charles Bronfman , to a consortium headed by Claude Brochu . Felipe Alou was promoted to the team 's field manager in 1992 , becoming MLB 's first Dominican-born manager . He led the team to four winning seasons , including , where the Expos had the best record in baseball before a players ' strike ended the season . Alou became the Expos leader in games managed ( 1409 ) .   The aftermath of the 1994 strike initiated a downward spiral as the Expos chose to sell off their best players , and attendance and interest in the team declined . Major League Baseball purchased the team prior to the 2002 season after the club failed to secure funding for a new ballpark . In their final two seasons , the team played 22 home games each year at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan , Puerto Rico . On September 29 , 2004 , MLB announced the franchise would relocate to Washington , D.C. for the season , and the Expos played their final home game in Montreal .   The Expos posted an all-time record of 2,753 wins , 2,943 losses and 4 ties during their 36 years in Montreal . Vladimir Guerrero led the franchise in both home runs and batting average , and Steve Rogers in wins and strikeouts . Three pitchers threw four no-hitters : Bill Stoneman ( twice ) , Charlie Lea , and Dennis Martínez , who pitched the 13th official perfect game in Major League Baseball history . The Expos retired four numbers in Montreal , and seven former members have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame , with Gary Carter and Andre Dawson 's plaques depicting them with Expos caps .

neg: 3,000 hit club In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , the 3,000 hit club is the group of batters who have collected 3,000 or more regular-season hits in their careers . Cap Anson was the first to join the club on July 18 , 1897 , although his precise career hit total is unclear . Two players -- Nap Lajoie and Honus Wagner -- reached 3,000 hits during the 1914 season . Ty Cobb became the club 's fourth member in 1921 and became the first player in MLB history to reach 4,000 hits in 1927 , ultimately finishing his career with more than 4,100 . Cobb , also MLB 's all-time career batting average leader , remained the MLB hit leader until September 11 , 1985 , when Pete Rose collected his 4,192 nd hit . Rose , the current record holder , finished his career with 4,256 hits , an achievement that on its own would have qualified him for the Hall of Fame had Major League Baseball not banned him for life due to Rose 's having gambled on games as a manager . Roberto Clemente 's career ended with precisely 3,000 hits , reaching the mark in the last at bat of his career . Ichiro Suzuki is the most recent player to reach the milestone , achieving the feat on August 7 , 2016 .   In total , 30 players have reached the 3,000 hit mark in MLB history . Of these , 15 were right-handed batters , 13 were left-handed , and two were switch hitters , meaning they could bat from either side of the plate . Ten of these players have played for only one major league team . Five players -- Hank Aaron , Willie Mays , Eddie Murray , Rafael Palmeiro , and Alex Rodriguez -- are also members of the 500 home run club . At .367 , Cobb holds the highest career batting average among club members , while Cal Ripken Jr. holds the lowest at .276 . Rodriguez , Derek Jeter , and Wade Boggs are the only players to hit a home run for their 3,000 th hit and Paul Molitor and Suzuki are the only players to hit a triple for their 3,000 th ; all others hit a single or double . Craig Biggio was thrown out at second base attempting to stretch his 3,000 th hit , a single , into a double . Biggio and Jeter are the only players to join the club in a game where they had five hits ; Jeter reached base safely in all of his at bats .   Baseball writer Josh Pahigian wrote that membership in the club has been `` long considered the greatest measure of superior bat handling . '' Reaching 3,000 hits is often described as a guarantee of eventual entry into the Baseball Hall of Fame . All eligible club members , with the exception of Palmeiro , have been elected to the Hall , and since 1962 all club members who have been inducted were elected on the first ballot , except for Biggio . Rose is ineligible for the Hall of Fame because he was permanently banned from baseball in 1989 . After four years on the ballot , Palmeiro failed to be named on 5 % of ballots in 2014 and his name will be off the ballot for future elections . The only active player on this list is Suzuki . Adrián Beltré is currently only 58 hits away from 3,000 .