query: Mao Zedong lived until 1976.

pos: Mao Zedong Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung ( -LSB- ˈmaʊ_dzəˈdʊŋ , _ zə - , _ - dɒŋ -RSB- December 26 , 1893September 9 , 1976 ) , also known as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People 's Republic of China , which he governed as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 , until his death in 1976 . His Marxist -- Leninist theories , military strategies , and political policies are collectively known as Maoism or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism .   Born the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan , Hunan , Mao adopted a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist outlook in early life , particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919 . Mao adopted Marxism -- Leninism while working at Peking University and became a founding member of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) , leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927 . During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang ( KMT ) and the CPC , Mao helped to found the Chinese Workers ' and Peasants ' Red Army , led the Jiangxi Soviet 's radical land policies and ultimately became head of the CPC during the Long March . Although the CPC temporarily allied with the KMT under the United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 -- 45 ) , after Japan 's defeat China 's civil war resumed and in 1949 Mao 's forces defeated the Nationalists who withdrew to Taiwan .   On 1 October 1949 , Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , a one-party state controlled by the CPC . In the following years Mao solidified his control through a campaign of classicide against landlords , and a mass purge of perceived enemies of the state he termed as `` counter-revolutionaries '' alleged to have caused between 2,000,000 to 6,000,000 deaths . ( Mao himself admitting 800,000 deaths in the classicide and 712,000 in the suppression of Counterrevolutionaries ) In 1957 , he launched the Great Leap Forward campaign that aimed to rapidly transform China 's economy from an agrarian economy to an industrial one . The campaign contributed to a widespread famine , whose death toll is estimated at between 15,000,000 and 55,000,000 . In 1966 , he initiated the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution , a program to remove `` counter-revolutionary '' elements of Chinese society that lasted 10 years and which was marked by violent class struggle that killed 400,000 to 10,000,000 people , widespread destruction of cultural artifacts and unprecedented elevation of Mao 's personality cult . In 1972 , Mao welcomed American President Richard Nixon in Beijing , signalling a policy of opening China , which was furthered under the rule of Deng Xiaoping ( 1978 -- 1992 ) . Mao suffered a series of heart attacks in 1976 , and died in September , aged 82 . He was succeeded as Paramount leader by Hua Guofeng ( 1976 -- 1978 ) , who was quickly sidelined and replaced by Deng .   A controversial figure , Mao is regarded as one of the most important individuals in modern world history , and is also known as a theorist , military strategist , poet and visionary . Supporters credit him with driving imperialism out of China , modernising China and building it into a world power , promoting the status of women , improving education and health care , and increasing life expectancy as China 's population grew from around 550 million to over 900 million under his leadership . In contrast , critics consider him a dictator comparable to Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin who damaged traditional Chinese culture , as well as considering him a perpetrator of human rights abuses , and they estimate that Mao was responsible for 40 to 70 million deaths through starvation , prison labour and executions , which would rank his tenure as the top incidence of excess mortality in human history .

neg: Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping A far-reaching campaign against corruption began in China following the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012 . The campaign , carried out under the aegis of Xi Jinping , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China ( paramount leader ) , was the largest organized anti-graft effort in the history of Communist rule in China .   Upon taking office , Xi vowed to crack down on `` tigers and flies '' , that is , high-level officials and local civil servants alike . Most of the officials investigated were removed from office and faced accusations of bribery and abuse of power , although the range of alleged abuses varied widely . , the campaign has ` netted ' over 120 high-ranking officials , including about a dozen high-ranking military officers , several senior executives of state-owned companies , and five national leaders . More than 100,000 people have been indicted for corruption . The campaign is part of a much wider drive to clean up malfeasance within party ranks and shore up party unity . It has become an emblematic feature of Xi Jinping 's political brand .   Executed largely under the direction of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and its Secretary Wang Qishan along with corresponding military and judicial organs , the campaign was notable in implicating both incumbent and former national-level leaders , including former Politburo Standing Committee ( PSC ) member Zhou Yongkang and former military leaders Xu Caihou and Guo Boxiong . Such investigations broke the unspoken rule regarding ` PSC criminal immunity ' that has been the norm since the end of the Cultural Revolution .

neg: Shanghai Orphans Shanghai Orphans ( Traditional Chinese : 上海孤兒 ; Simplified Chinese ： 上海孤儿 ； pinyin : Shàng hǎi gū ér ; officially romanized to State ` s children 國家的孩子 ) refers to The People 's Republic of China during the Great Chinese Famine , when around 3000 Shanghai orphans were transferred to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region .   During the Great Leap Forward , they set up People 's commune and communal kitchens . Then famine struck . The poor were unable to feed themselves . Their children had no chance of survival at home . But there was nowhere to send a child already half-dead from starvation . Their only hope was to leave them where people with food might notice and take them in.The whole country was suffering from famine . Everyone was hungry . The people who abandoned their children this way hoped that their kids would be fed .   The chairman of All-China Women 's Federation Kang Keqing asked Ulanhu the first Secretary of the CPC Inner Mongolia Committee and chairman of Inner Mongolia , whether ( or not ) the Inner Mongolia could possibly get some of the grasslands to donate milk powder . After Ulanhu made a discussion with the prime minister Zhou Enlai , he made a more significant decision : to receive all the orphans from Shanghai , The Shanghai orphans in Inner Mongolia were called ` the State 's children ' . Ulanhu 's own daughter was one of those who participated in this work .   All the orphans not only have their primary source documents which have accumulated over the course of an original lifetime in Shanghai , but also built new documents after transferred to their herdsmen foster parents in Xilin Gol League , Inner Mongolia . Unfortunately , these valuable records were all destroyed in the `` Cultural Revolution '' .

neg: Mao Tse-tung: Ruler of Red China Mao Tse-tung : Ruler of Red China is a book written by Robert Payne and published by Henry Schuman , New York in 1950 , shortly after Mao Zedong ( here his name is transliterated as Mao Tse-tung ) came to power . Fifteen years before the Cultural Revolution , Payne anticipated Mao 's wider interests :   Mao holds all the arts of China in his hands . Lenin had neither the learning nor the inclination to assume the role of transformer of culture . Mao , far more widely read and with a comparable subtlety of mind , has clearly determined to accept the position thrust on him , and no one can foresee the changes in the basic structure of Chinese culture which will derive ultimately from his will .   Though lacking some of the documents and details that were available in later years , the book discusses the party 's history , including its foundation , in detail . In chapter three , Payne explains how Pravda in 1920 had wrongly reported the formation of a Communist Party of China . This was actually a conference consisting of a mixed bag of anarchists and non-Leninist socialists which `` ended in a fiasco '' .   A revised and updated edition was published in 1961 as Portrait of a Revolutionary : Mao Tse-tung . The original edition has been republished several times in recent years : as a paperback in 2007 , as a hardback in 2008 and on Kindle in 2011 .

neg: Chen Yun Chen Yun ( , pronounced -LSB- - cmnchen2-yun2 -RSB- 13 June 1905 -- 10 April 1995 ) was one of the most influential leaders of the People 's Republic of China during the 1980s and 1990s . He was also known as Liao Chengyun ; it is unclear whether this was his original name or a pseudonym he used during his underground work in Shanghai . He was one of the major political leaders of China both during and after the Chinese Civil War along with Mao Zedong , Liu Shaoqi , Zhou Enlai , Zhu De and Ren Bishi and was later considered to be one of the Eight Elders of the Communist Party of China .

neg: Protest and dissent in China In spite of restrictions on freedom of association and of speech , a wide variety of protests and dissident movements have proliferated in China , particularly in the decades since the death of Mao Zedong . Among the most notable of these were the 1959 Tibetan uprising against Communist Party rule , the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests , which was put down with military force , and the 25 April 1999 demonstration by 10,000 Falun Gong practitioners at Zhongnanhai . Protesters and dissidents in China espouse a wide variety of grievances , including corruption , forced evictions , unpaid wages , human rights abuses , environmental degradation , ethnic protests , petitioning for religious freedom and civil liberties , protests against one-party rule , as well as nationalist protests against foreign countries .   The number of annual protests has grown steadily since the early 1990s , from approximately 8700 `` mass group incidents '' in 1993 to over 87,000 in 2005 . In 2006 , the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences estimated the number of annual mass incidents to exceed 90,000 , and Chinese sociology professor Sun Liping estimated 180,000 incidents in 2010 . Mass incidents are defined broadly as `` planned or impromptu gathering that forms because of internal contradictions '' , and can include public speeches or demonstrations , physical clashes , public airings of grievances , and other group behaviors that are seen as disrupting social stability .   Despite the increase in protests , some scholars have argued that they may not pose an existential threat to Communist Party rule because they lack `` connective tissue ; '' the preponderance of protests in China are aimed at local-level officials , and only a select few dissident movements seek systemic change .

neg: Antagonistic contradiction Antagonistic contradiction ( Chinese language : 矛盾 ; Pinyin : Máo dùn ) is the impossibility of compromise between different social classes . The term is most often applied in Maoist theory , which holds that differences between the two primary classes , the working class/proletariat and the bourgeoisie are so great that there is no way to bring about a reconciliation of their views . Because the groups involved have diametrically opposed concerns , their objectives are so dissimilar and contradictory that no mutually acceptable resolution can be found . Nonantagonistic contradictions may be resolved through mere debate , but antagonistic contradictions can only be resolved through struggle .   The term is usually attributed to Vladimir Lenin , although he may never have actually used the term in any of his written works .   In Maoism , the antagonistic contradiction was usually that between the peasantry and the landowning class . Mao Zedong expressed his views on the policy in his famous February 1957 speech `` On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People . ''

neg: Kodam III/Siliwangi KODAM III/Siliwangi is a Military district formation of the Indonesian Army . The Division was formed during the Indonesian National Revolution by what was then known as the People 's Security Army ( TKR ) . It was stationed in West Java where much of its membership was recruited , and bore the name of a 15th-century kingdom located in this area and of that kingdom 's King Siliwangi . it became a Territorial Division ( Tentara & Territorium ) on 24 July 1950 , and a military regional command , or KODAM , in 1959 .   Since May 1946 the division was commanded by then-colonel Abdul Haris Nasution and his adjutant was Umar Wirahadikusumah , and slightly later Amirmachmud was the Division Commander 's Chief of Staff . Kemal Idris was also among the division 's officers . All of these would play a significant role in Indonesia 's military and political life during the coming decades .   Under the terms of the cease-fire agreement of January 1948 known as the Renville Agreement , the Siliwangi Division was obliged to evacuate West Java and hand it over to the Dutch , and to move over to Central Java . During this lull in fighting the colonial troops , the Division was involved in the bloody crackdown on the Communists at Madiun , in the course of which thousands were killed .   In December 1948 the Dutch army launched the surprise attack known as Operation Kraai , swiftly capturing the Indonesian provisional capital at Yogyakarta and most Indonesian territory . The Siliwangi Division at that time conducted a fighting retreat back to its original position in West Java , where its men had their social milieu and were familiar with the terrain , and which was therefore the best suited for this unit to conduct guerrilla warfare in . Despite the division 's recent anti-Communist record , this action came to be known as the Long March Siliwangi , for the famed Long March of Mao Zedong 's Chinese Communist Party . On arrival in West Java the division fought both the Dutch and the rebellious DI/TII .   In 1953 Nasution wrote a book called the Fundamentals of Guerrilla Warfare , based on his own experience of fighting and organising guerrilla warfare , which would become one of the most studied books on guerrilla warfare along with Mao 's works on the same subject matter .   Poncke Princen , a former Dutch colonial soldier who went over to the Indonesian rebels , took part in that `` Long March '' and was appointed a staff officer in the Division .   On 23 January 1950 , a rebel group called Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil ( APRA ) led by Captain Raymond Westerling attempted to seize Bandung during the APRA Coup d'état . Lt. Col. Lembong and 93 other Indonesian soldiers and officers were killed . On 24 January 1950 , the rebels tried to attack Jakarta , but the rebellion was quashed in a fierce battle in Pacet , near Jakarta . Sultan Hamid II was arrested , but Capt. Westerling managed to escape to Singapore ( then still a British colony ) .   In late 1951 the Division was described as being ' a loose umbrella for five infantry brigades ( each of which had up to four infantry battalions ) strung across the western third of Java . ' The post of commander of Tentara & Territorium III , the territorial military command encompassing west Java , was in effect synonymous with control of the division .   Battalion 530 of the Siliwangi Division was involved in the 30 September Movement events in 1965 . Following the later overthrow of Sukarno and the installation of the Indonesian `` New Order '' under Suharto , the Siliwangi Division 's then commander , HR Dharsono , belonged to a faction dubbed by scholars as `` New Order Radicals '' . Together with Kemal Idris and with Sarwo Edhie Wibowo of KODAM II/Bukit Barisan ( Sumatra ) , this group wanted political parties to be dismantled and replaced with non-ideological groups which emphasised development and modernisation .   `` Factionalism within the army leadership , once a severe problem , no longer disrupted operations in the early 1990s . Traditional divisional identification continued to have some significance , however , especially in regard to that developed in the former Siliwangi , Diponegoro , and Brawijaya divisions , which covered western , central , and eastern Java , respectively , during the war of independence and the years immediately thereafter . The detachment of the Jakarta area from the control of the Siliwangi division and the restructuring of the army from a divisional basis to the territorial Kodam system diffused the powers of the divisions and eliminated warlordism . ''

neg: Takeo Fukuda was a Japanese politician and the 67th Prime Minister of Japan ( 67th administration ) from 24 December 1976 to 7 December 1978 .

neg: Chinese economic reform The Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms termed `` Socialism with Chinese characteristics '' in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China , led by Deng Xiaoping .   China had one of the world 's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century . In the 18th century , Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest , that is , one of the most fertile , best cultivated , most industrious , most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world . The economy stagnated beginning in the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century , with a brief recovery in the 1930s .   Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages . The first stage , in the late 1970s and early 1980s , involved the decollectivization of agriculture , the opening up of the country to foreign investment , and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses . However , most industry remained state-owned . The second stage of reform , in the late 1980s and 1990s , involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls , protectionist policies , and regulations , although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained . The private sector grew remarkably , accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005 . From 1978 until 2013 , unprecedented growth occurred , with the economy increasing by 9.5 % a year . The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005 , reversing some reforms .   The success of China 's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society . Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have greatly decreased poverty , while incomes and income inequality have increased , leading to a backlash led by the New Left . In the academic scene , scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese `` dual-track '' economy , and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union ; as well as the growth of other developing economies .

neg: New Left in China The New Left in the People 's Republic of China is a school of intellectual thought that is critical of capitalism and aspects of the Chinese economic reforms and in favour of elements of Maoist-style socialism , which includes significant role for state planning , the preservation of state-owned enterprises , and a renewed spirit of collectivism . It is also correlated with increased Chinese nationalism after a period of ` low-profile ' presence on the world stage during Deng Xiaoping 's era . It is seen as a response to problems faced by China during its modernization drive since the 1980s , which has led to mounting social inequality between the coast and the hinterlands , as well as between the rich and the poor .   Its relationship with Maoism and capitalism is complex . Some schools of thought suggest that the New Left wants to return to the mass political movements of the Mao Zedong era and an abandonment of capitalist practices , while others believe that it blends the open markets of capitalism while still maintaining socialist aspects of the community , particularly in rural China .

neg: Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China The Reorganized National Government was the name of the collaborationist government established in the Republic of China from 1940-45 . -LSB- 2 -RSB- It was led by former Kuomintang ( KMT ) party member Wang Jingwei .   Wang Jingwei was the leftist leader of a predominantly civilian Kuomintang faction called the Reorganizationists , who were often at odds with Chiang Kai-shek and his military arm of the Kuomintang . Shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the initial invasion by the Imperial Japanese Army , Wang Jingwei advocated a strategy of peace and appeasement in order to end the string of devastating losses sustained by the Nationalist Forces and in order to secure the Japanese as a potential ally against the Chinese Communist Party . After the fall of the capital city of Nanjing to the Imperial Japanese Army soon after the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War , the Nationalist government went into exile to Chongqing . On 30 March 1940 Wang Jingwei and his allies defected from Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists and established a collaborationist government under the Japanese Army that claimed to be the legitimate representative of all of the Republic of China . This reorganized national government was formed out of a number of previous collaborationist governments that existed in northern and central China , including the Reformed Government of the Republic of China based in eastern China , the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in northern China , and later on the Mengjiang government in Inner Mongolia , though in reality northern China and Inner Mongolia stayed relatively free of its influence . Although using the same state symbols and name of the republic , the new government obtained international recognition only from the Anti-Comintern Pact countries . The exiled Nationalist government in Chongqing continued to be recognized as the legitimate government of China .   While heavily restricted in its powers by the Japanese occupation , the Reorganized government attempted to limit the civilian casualties inflicted by the Japanese Imperial Army . At the same time , the new government also eagerly assisted the Japanese Imperial Army against Communist forces operating in Reorganized Government territory . As the Japanese war situation worsened and Allied and American forces began threatening the Pacific , the puppet state was gradually granted increased self-governance culminating in the reorganized national government declared war on the Allies on 9 January 1943 . It was disbanded following the surrender of Japan in August 1945 , with the majority of its surviving leaders being put on trial , declared hanjian , traitors to the Han people , and imprisoned or executed for treason .

neg: Suiyuan Suiyuan was a historical province of China . Suiyuan 's capital was Guisui ( now Hohhot ) . The abbreviation was 綏 ( pinyin : suí ) . The area Suiyuan covered is approximated today by the prefecture-level cities of Hohhot , Baotou , Wuhai , Ordos , Bayan Nur , and parts of Ulaan Chab , all today part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Suiyuan was named after a district in the capital established in the Qing Dynasty .   In the early 1930s Suiyuan was occupied by the Shanxi warlord Yan Xishan , who mined Suiyuan 's iron , reorganized the province 's finances , and brought over 4,000 acre of land under cultivation for the first time . Most of the work and settlement of Suiyuan at this time was done by Shanxi farmer-soldiers under the direction of retired officers from Yan 's army . Yan 's control of Suiyuan was sufficient to cause one visiting reporter to refer to Suiyuan as a `` colony '' of Shanxi .   The Suiyuan Campaign took place in Suiyuan during the Second Sino Japanese War . It became a part of the puppet state of Mengjiang from 1937 to 1945 under Japanese rule .   During the Chinese Civil War in 1935 , Communist leader Mao Zedong promised Mongol leaders a `` unified autonomous '' administration which would include all `` historic '' Mongol lands within China , in exchange for Mongol support against the Kuomintang . This promise included the declaration that `` Under no circumstances should other -LSB- non-Mongol ethnic groups -RSB- be allowed to occupy the land of the Inner Mongolian nation '' . But following the Communist victory in 1949 , the administrators of the soon-to-be `` Mongolian '' territories with Han Chinese majorities , the biggest of which was Suiyuan with a population of over 2 million , resisted annexation by the new Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . In 1954 , Mao reached a compromise with Suiyuan , which involved the Mongols ' taking over the administration of Suiyuan , but stipulated that the Han natives not be expelled from the territory . Uradyn Bulag thus notes that `` ironically '' , the Mongols ' territorial ambitions against Suiyuan resulted in their becoming a `` small minority within their own -LSB- enlarged -RSB- autonomous region '' .

neg: Constitution of the Communist Party of China The Constitution of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program , Membership , Organization System , Central Organizations , Local Organizations , Primary Organizations , Party Cadres , Party Discipline , Party Organs for Discipline Inspection , Leading Party Members ' Groups , Relationship Between the Party and the Communist Youth League , Party Emblem and Flag .   The Party Constitution currently in force was adopted at the Twelfth National Congress of the CPC in September 1982 . In accordance with the changing situation and tasks , revisions were made in some of the articles at the Thirteenth National Congress in November 1987 and in the General Program and some of the articles at the Fourteenth National Congress in October 1992 , and a few revisions were made in the General Program at the Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC in November 2002 .   The organizational principle that drives the political system of the PRC is `` democratic centralism '' . Within the system , the democratic feature demands participation and expression of opinion on key policy issues from members at all levels of party organization . It depends on a constant process of consultation and investigation . At the same time , the centralist feature requires that subordinate organizational levels follow the dictates of superior levels . Once the debate has reached the highest level and decisions concerning policy have been made , all party members are obliged to support the Central Committee .   The constitution emphasizes the party 's role in promoting socialist democracy , in developing and strengthening a socialist legal system , and in consolidating public resolve to carry out the modernization program .

neg: Revolutionary Workers Headquarters Revolutionary Workers Headquarters ( RWH ) was a U.S. Marxist-Leninist organization that formed out of a split from the Revolutionary Communist Party ( RCP ) in 1977 . After Mao Zedong , leader of the Communist Party of China , died in 1976 , the majority of the RCP 's leadership criticized the post-Mao Chinese leadership as `` revisionist '' and `` capitalist-roaders '' , saying that China was no longer a socialist country .   A sizable minority of the RCP believed China was still a socialist country , and continued to support the post-Mao Chinese Communist Party under new leader Hua Guofeng . They left the RCP to form the RWH . Aside from differences on how to assess the changes in China , the RWH also criticized the RCP for ultra-leftism , or left-idealism in their approach to political work in the U.S. . After leaving the RCP , the RWH also did an extensive critique of the RCP 's line on the national question , criticizing the RCP for being `` white chauvinist '' .   The RWH published this critique in a lengthy pamphlet titled Build the Black Liberation Movement , which itself was subsequently criticized by Amiri Baraka of the League of Revolutionary Struggle in a pamphlet titled RWH on the BLM : Wrong Again ! as having white chauvinist errors . The RWH made efforts to unite in the early 1980s with the Communist Party ( Marxist-Leninist ) , but then the CP ( M-L ) dissolved . In 1985 , the RWH merged with the Proletarian Unity League and the Organization for Revolutionary Unity to form the Freedom Road Socialist Organization .   During its brief existence , RWH cadre were active in various movements , including the labor movement , struggles of oppressed nationalities , the women 's movement , the student movement , the struggle for divestiture from companies doing business in then-apartheid dominated South Africa , and others . Through its cadres who worked in the Revolutionary Student Brigade , the RWH was directly involved with the founding of the Progressive Student Network .   Initially , RWH activity was almost exclusively found in urban areas of the Midwest and the East ; it expanded to the West Coast when it absorbed the Bay Area Communist Union in 1979 .   While the RWH was structured according to the principles of democratic centralism , it did not consider itself a communist party per se , but rather a `` pre-party organization . ''

neg: National People's Congress The National People 's Congress ( usually abbreviated NPC ) is the national legislature of the People 's Republic of China . With 2,987 members in 2013 , it is the largest parliamentary body in the world . Under China 's current Constitution , the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature , with the power to legislate , the power to oversee the operations of the government , and the power to elect the major officers of state . The NPC and the National Committee of the People 's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC ) , a consultative body whose members represent various social groups , are the main deliberative bodies of China , and are often referred to as the Lianghui ( Two Assemblies ) .   The NPC is elected for a term of five years . It holds annual sessions every spring , usually lasting from 10 to 14 days , in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing . The NPC 's sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the CPPCC , and these annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation . The fourth session of the 12th NPC was held from March 5 to March 16 , 2016 .   In theory , the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China , and all four PRC constitutions have vested it with great lawmaking powers . However , in practice it usually acts as a rubber stamp for decisions already made by the state 's executive organs and the Communist Party of China . One of its members , Hu Xiaoyan , told the BBC in 2009 that she has no power to help her constituents . She was quoted as saying , `` As a parliamentary representative , I do n't have any real power . '' In 2014 , the participating party pledged to `` unswervingly adhere to the leadership of Chinese Communist Party . '' Since the 1990s , the NPC has become a forum for mediating policy differences between different parts of the Party , the government , and groups of society .

neg: Chinese Taoist Association Chinese Taoist Association ( CTA ; ) , founded in April 1957 , is the main association of Taoism in the People 's Republic of China . It is recognized as one of the main religious associations in the People 's Republic of China , and is overseen by the State Administration for Religious Affairs . Dozens of regional and local Taoist associations are included in this overarching group , which is encouraged by the government to be a bridge between Chinese Taoists and the government , to encourage a patriotic merger between Taoism and government initiatives . The group also disseminates information on traditional Taoist topics , including forums and conferences . The association was a major sponsor of the 2007 International Forum on the Tao Te Ching . The Chinese Taoist Association advocates the recompensation of losses inflicted on Taoism by the Cultural Revolution . Taoism was banned for several years in the People 's Republic of China during that period .   Taoist practitioners in China are required to register with the Chinese Taoist Association in order to be granted recognition and official protection . The CTA exercises control over religious doctrine and personnel , and dictates the proper interpretation of Taoist doctrine . It also encourages Taoist practitioners to support the Communist Party and the state . For example , a Taoist scripture reading class held by the CTA in November 2010 required participants to `` fervently love the socialist motherland -LSB- and -RSB- uphold the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party . '' The central government of China has supported and encouraged the Association , along with other official religious groups , in promoting the `` harmonious society '' initiative of Communist Party General Secretary Hu Jintao .

neg: Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius The Criticize Lin ( Biao ) , Criticize Confucius Campaign ( also called the Anti-Lin Biao , Anti-Confucius campaign ) was a political propaganda campaign started by Mao Zedong and his wife , Jiang Qing , the leader of the Gang of Four . It lasted from 1973 until the end of the Cultural Revolution , in 1976 . The campaign produced detailed Maoist interpretations of Chinese history , and was used as a tool by the Gang of Four to attack their enemies .   The campaign continued in several phases , beginning as an academic attempt to interpret Chinese history according to Mao 's political theories . In 1974 the campaign was joined with another , pre-existent campaign to attack Lin Biao , who had allegedly attempted to assassinate Mao in a failed coup before his death in 1971 . In early 1975 the campaign was modified to indirectly attack China 's Premier , Zhou Enlai , and other senior Chinese leaders . In mid-1975 the Gang of Four introduced debate on The Water Margin as a tool to attack their enemies . The campaign only ended in 1976 , when the Gang of Four were arrested , ending the Cultural Revolution .

neg: Li Jingquan Li Jingquan ( November 1 , 1909 -- April 24 , 1989 ) was a Chinese politician and the first Party Committee Secretary of Sichuan following the establishment of the People 's Republic of China in 1949 . Li was born into a landlord 's family in Huichang County , Jiangxi in 1908 . He began studying Marxist theory in his youth , joined the Communist Youth League in 1927 , and became a full member of the Communist Party of China in 1930 . During the 1930s , Li served as a political commissar in the Red Army , and participated in the Long March . During the Second Sino-Japanese War , Li commanded the military actions against the Japanese invasion in the northwest of China , included in Mongolia and Shanxi . In 1949 , working with He Long , Liu Bocheng , and Deng Xiaoping , Li commanded his troops to occupy all of Sichuan province .   After the founding of the People 's Republic of China , Li became one of the dominant political figures in Sichuan . He led agrarian reform in the province in 1950 , and the establishment of socialist cooperatives in 1955 . However , after Mao Zedong launched the Anti-Rightist Movement in 1957 , Li became more radical , persecuting more than 50,000 `` bourgeoisie rightist '' elements , which represented 10 % of the rightists persecuted nationwide during the movement . From 1958 to 1961 , he participated enthusiastically in the Great Leap Forward movement . Li 's radical policies created major food shortages in Sichuan , leading to the deaths of over 8 million people from starvation according to official statistics . In 1961 , Li was made Party Secretary of the Southwestern Bureau of China , and retained his position as Party Secretary of Sichuan province .   During the Cultural Revolution , Li was branded an enemy of the Party , relieved of all political and administrative positions , and imprisoned . He was released in 1972 and rehabilitated in 1973 . Following the Cultural Revolution , Li served as a Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress and as a member of the 10th and 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China .

neg: Human rights in Tibet Human rights in Tibet is a contentious issue . According to a 1992 Amnesty International report , judicial standards in China , including in Tibet , were not up to `` international standards '' . The report charged the Chinese Communist Party government with keeping political prisoners and prisoners of conscience , including the death penalty in its penal code , ill-treatment of detainees and inaction in the face of ill-treatment of detainees , including torture , the use of the death penalty , extrajudicial executions , forced abortions and sterilisation . The status of religion , mainly as it relates to figures who are both religious and political , such as the 14th Dalai Lama , is a regular object of criticism .   Reported abuses of human rights in Tibet include restricted freedom of religion , belief , and association . Specifically , Tibetans have faced arbitrary arrest and maltreatment in custody , including torture at the hands of Chinese authorities . Freedom of the Press in the PRC is still absent , and Tibet 's media is tightly controlled by the Chinese leadership , making it difficult to determine accurately the scope of human rights abuses . A series of reports published in the late 1980s claimed that China was forcing Tibetans to adhere to strict birth control programs that included forced abortions , sterilizations , and even infanticide .   Before the Invasion of Tibet in 1951 , Tibet was ruled by a theocracy and had a caste-like social hierarchy . Official crackdowns in the region generally center on `` the three evils of separatism , terrorism and religious extremism , '' which give pretext for abuses .

neg: Italian general election, 1976 General elections were held in Italy on June 20 , 1976 . They were the first after the voting age was lowered to 18 .   If Christian Democracy remained stable with around 38 % of votes , Enrico Berlinguer 's Italian Communist Party made a great jump winning 7 points more than four years before : this result , which was quite homogeneous in the entire society because confirmed by the electors of the age-restricted Senate , began to show the possibility of a future change of the Italian government leadership . All minor parties lost a lot of votes to the DC in the attempt to fight the Communist progress : between them , historic Italian Liberal Party was nearly annihilated . Two new leftist forces made their debut in this election : the ultra-liberal Radical Party , which had led a successful referendum on divorce , and the far-left Marxist and Maoist Proletarian Democracy .


query: The Hangover Part III includes Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, and Ken Jeong, Jeffrey Tambor, Heather Graham, Mike Epps, Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman.

pos: The Hangover Part III The Hangover Part III is a 2013 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the third and final installment in The Hangover trilogy . The film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Justin Bartha , and Ken Jeong . The supporting cast includes Jeffrey Tambor , Heather Graham , Mike Epps , Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman with Todd Phillips directing a screenplay written by himself and Craig Mazin . The film follows the `` Wolfpack '' ( Phil , Stu , Doug , and Alan ) as they try to get Alan the help he needs after facing a personal crisis . However , things go awry when an incident from the original film comes back to haunt them .   The Hangover Part III was announced days before the release of The Hangover Part II and Mazin , who co-wrote Part II , was brought on board . In January 2012 , the principal actors re-signed to star . In March 2012 , Warner Bros. announced a U.S. Memorial Weekend release . The supporting roles were cast between June and September 2012 . Principal photography began in September 2012 in Los Angeles , California before moving to Nogales , Arizona and Las Vegas , Nevada . The film was released on May 23 , 2013 .

neg: When You Wish Upon a Weinstein `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' is the twenty-second episode of Family Guys third season , and the original series finale . It originally aired on Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim on November 9 , 2003 , and on Fox on December 10 , 2004 . In the episode , Peter prays for a Jew to help him with his financial woes . After befriending a Jewish accountant , Max Weinstein , and discovering the wonders of their religion , Peter gets the idea of converting Chris to Judaism so he will be successful in life . Lois attempts to stop him , believing that success is not based on religion .   `` When You Wish Upon a Weinstein '' was written by Ricky Blitt and directed by Dan Povenmire . The episode was intended to air in 2000 as the beginning of the third season way after production was made years ago , but Fox executives were concerned about its content , believing it could be interpreted as anti-Semitic , and did not allow it to air on television . Due to popular demand , it was instead aired on Adult Swim in 2003 . This episode features guest performances from Andrea Beutener , Mark Hamill , Phil LaMarr , Ed McMahon , Peter Riegert , Mary Scheer , Ben Stein , and Nicole Sullivan .

neg: Jon Hamm Jonathan Daniel Hamm ( born March 10 , 1971 ) is an American actor , director , and television producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper for the AMC television drama series , Mad Men ( 2007 -- 2015 ) .   For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in Los Angeles , making appearances in television series Providence , The Division , What About Brian , and Related . During 2000 , he made his feature movie debut in the space adventure movie Space Cowboys . The next year , he had a minor role in the independent comedy , Kissing Jessica Stein ( 2001 ) . He gained wide recognition when Mad Men began broadcast during July 2007 . His performance earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series -- Drama during 2008 and 2016 and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series during 2015 . He directed two episodes of the show .   During 2008 , Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction movie The Day The Earth Stood Still . His first leading movie role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen . He also had supporting roles in the movies The Town ( 2010 ) , Sucker Punch ( 2011 ) , and Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) . Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in Mad Men , 30 Rock ( 2006 -- 2013 ) , and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ( 2015 -- present ) .   His other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctor 's Notebook and guest roles in Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer : First Day of Camp . He provided his voice to the animated movie Shrek Forever After during 2010 , and during 2015 , he featured in the animated movie Minions .

neg: The Bubble (30 Rock) `` The Bubble '' is the fifteenth episode of the third season of the American television series 30 Rock . It was written by series ' creator Tina Fey and directed by Tricia Brock . The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) in the United States on March 19 , 2009 . Jon Hamm and Bobb ' e J. Thompson guest star in this episode , and there are cameo appearances by Calvin Klein and Meredith Vieira .   In the episode , Liz Lemon ( Fey ) discovers that her boyfriend Drew ( Hamm ) lives in a `` bubble '' because of his good looks , and has never experienced many of the unpleasant phenomena in life . At the same time , Tracy Jordan ( Tracy Morgan ) decides to leave the fictitious sketch comedy show The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan ( TGS ) because he no longer needs the money , and Jenna Maroney ( Jane Krakowski ) decides to cut her hair as a publicity stunt .   `` The Bubble '' received generally positive reviews . According to the Nielsen ratings system , it was watched by 7 million households during its original broadcast . For their performances in this episode , Hamm and Jack McBrayerthe latter playing Kenneth Parcellreceived Primetime Emmy Award nominations in the categories for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series , respectively .

neg: Jeffrey Tambor Jeffrey Michael Tambor ( born July 8 , 1944 ) is an American actor , voice artist , and comedian widely known for his roles as Hank Kingsley on The Larry Sanders Show , George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth on Arrested Development , and Maura Pfefferman on Transparent , for which he has received one Golden Globe , one Screen Actors Guild and two Emmy Awards .

neg: Derek Waters Derek Matthew Waters ( born July 30 , 1979 ) is an American actor , comedian , and writer . He is the co-creator and host of the Comedy Central series Drunk History .

neg: Lost Boys: The Thirst Lost Boys : The Thirst is a 2010 horror comedy film directed by Dario Piana and stars Corey Feldman , Casey B. Dolan , Tanit Phoenix and Jamison Newlander . The film is a sequel to Lost Boys : The Tribe ( 2008 ) and the third and final installment of The Lost Boys trilogy .

neg: Episode 3 (Twin Peaks) `` Episode 3 '' , later also known as `` Rest in Pain '' , is the fourth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Twin Peaks . The episode was written by Harley Peyton , and directed by Tina Rathborne . `` Episode 3 '' features series regulars Kyle MacLachlan , Michael Ontkean and Ray Wise , and introduces Sheryl Lee 's second role , Maddy Ferguson .   Rathborne has highlighted the episode 's introduction of Jungian analytical psychology to the series . She also described MacLachlan 's character Dale Cooper as not only a wholesome , grounded anchor against which the series ' more bizarre elements could be contrasted ; but as the central component of the series ' coming-of-age `` Bildungsroman '' narrative .   `` Episode 3 '' was first broadcast on April 26 , 1990 , and was viewed by approximately 18 percent of the available audience in its initial airing . The episode received positive reviews from critics , with its mix of comedy and tragedy seen as a highlight , and Miguel Ferrer 's character Albert Rosenfield singled out as a particularly successful example of this . The episode also drew praise from The New York Times for its compelling and unusual cast of characters .

neg: Let's Stay Together (30 Rock) `` Let 's Stay Together '' is the third episode of the fifth season of the American television comedy series 30 Rock , and the 83rd overall episode of the series . It was directed by co-executive producer John Riggi and written by co-executive producer Jack Burditt . The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) network in the United States on October 7 , 2010 . Guest stars in this episode include John Amos , Todd Buonopane , Reg E. Cathey , Queen Latifah and Rob Reiner .   In the episode , Jack Donaghy ( Alec Baldwin ) must appear before Congress to discuss NBC 's merger with the fictitious company network KableTown ( a parody of Comcast ) . He hopes that he will charm celebrity members for the deal to go through , but one Congresswoman ( Latifah ) demands more diversity in the NBC programming lineup . As a result , Jack enlists Tracy Jordan ( Tracy Morgan ) to come up with some new development ideas . Meanwhile , Liz Lemon ( Tina Fey ) , the head writer of the fictitious sketch show The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan ( TGS ) is fed up with the criticism her writing staff gives her , and finally Jenna Maroney ( Jane Krakowski ) helps Kenneth Parcell ( Jack McBrayer ) reapply in the competitive NBC page program .   This episode of 30 Rock was generally , though not universally , well received among television critics . According to the Nielsen Media Research , it was watched by 4.90 million households during its original broadcast , and received a 2.1 rating/7 share among viewers in the 18 -- 49 demographic .

neg: The Hangover Part II The Hangover Part II is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2009 film The Hangover and the second installment in The Hangover trilogy . Directed by Todd Phillips , who co-wrote the script with Craig Mazin and Scot Armstrong , the film stars Bradley Cooper , Ed Helms , Zach Galifianakis , Ken Jeong , Jeffrey Tambor , Justin Bartha , and Paul Giamatti . It tells the story of Phil , Stu , Alan , and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu 's wedding . After the bachelor party in Las Vegas , Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe , subdued pre-wedding brunch . Things do not go as planned , resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night .   Development began in April 2009 , two months before The Hangover was released . The principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film . Production began in October 2010 , in Ontario , California , before moving on location in Thailand . The film was released on May 26 , 2011 and became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy during its theatrical run .   A third and final installment , The Hangover Part III , was released on May 23 , 2013 .

neg: Eat Lead: The Return of Matt Hazard Eat Lead : The Return of Matt Hazard is a third-person shooter video game for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 video game consoles . The game was developed by Vicious Cycle Software and published by D3 Publisher .   Eat Lead pits players in the role of the title character , a `` legendary '' gaming hero who is `` returning to glory '' in a new video game , some 25 years after his debut game and 6 years after his last game . In reality , the Matt Hazard character is in his first video game , with a history made up by D3 Publisher to chronicle the character 's rise and fall in popularity . The Return of Matt Hazard marks Hazard 's fictitious `` comeback '' to the gaming scene . Hazard is voiced by Will Arnett , while Neil Patrick Harris voices his nemesis Wallace `` Wally '' Wellesley .   The game itself is a parody of action-gaming clichés . The October 2008 debut trailer was done as a Behind the Music spoof called Inside the Game complete with Jim Forbes narration . It chronicles Matt Hazard 's successes and hardships , and mirrors the progression of the Duke Nukem series of games , from early 8-bit to modern consoles .   The cast of Eat Lead received a nomination in the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards , under the category for `` Best Cast , '' and won the award for `` Best Comedy Game . ''

neg: Jake Gyllenhaal Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- ; born December 19 , 1980 ) is an American actor . A member of the Gyllenhaal family and the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner , Gyllenhaal began acting as a child with a screen debut in City Slickers ( 1991 ) , followed by roles in A Dangerous Woman ( 1993 ) and Homegrown ( 1998 ) . His breakthrough performance was as Homer Hickam in October Sky ( 1999 ) and he garnered an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead for playing the title character in the indie cult hit Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) , in which he played a psychologically troubled teenager alongside his older sister , Maggie Gyllenhaal . He subsequently appeared in another indie film , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) and the climate fiction-disaster film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , portraying a student caught in a cataclysmic climate event .   In 2005 , Gyllenhaal portrayed Anthony `` Swoff '' Swofford in Jarhead , Gwyneth Paltrow 's love interest in Proof , and Jack Twist in Ang Lee 's Brokeback Mountain . For his performance in Brokeback Mountain , he received critical acclaim and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role , the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor .   Gyllenhaal received further recognition for roles in Zodiac ( 2007 ) , Brothers ( 2009 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Love & Other Drugs ( 2010 ) , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy , Source Code ( 2011 ) , End of Watch ( 2012 ) , Prisoners , Enemy ( both 2013 ) , Nightcrawler ( 2014 ) , Southpaw ( 2015 ) and Nocturnal Animals ( 2016 ) . For Nightcrawler , his performance was widely acclaimed and received rave reviews from critics and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .

neg: The Hangover: Part Tubbs `` The Hangover : Part Tubbs '' is the fourteenth episode of the fourth season of the animated comedy series The Cleveland Show . The episode was aired on Fox in the United States on March 17 , 2013 . This episode follows Donna , who decides to run for a place on the school board , and attempts to keep Cleveland away from her campaign in case he embarrasses her , but her plans soon backfire when Cleveland accidentally kills a new friend playing a game . Cleveland Jr. discovers that he is naturally gifted as a diver , but his ambition to succeed in the sport is threatened when he is too frightened to wear the school diving team 's uniform of tiny swimming trunks .   The episode was written by Aaron Lee and directed by Ron Rubio . It was viewed by approximately 2.8 million viewers in its original airing . The episode features guest performances by Kasey Kahne , Tony Stewart , Dale Earnhardt Jr. and David Alan Grier , along with several recurring guest performers for the series .

neg: Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast .   In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run .   Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy .   Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes .   It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle .   Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .

neg: Arden Myrin Arden VanAmringe Myrin ( -LSB- məˈriːn -RSB- ) is an American actress and comedian . Arden became a new cast member on Showtime 's Shameless Season 7 , and recently appeared in the world premiere of Steve Martin 's new play Meteor Shower at the Long Wharf Theatre . Her television credits include Orange Is the New Black , Hung , Key & Peele , Inside Amy Schumer , W / Bob and David , Psych , Bones , Fresh Off The Boat , Suburgatory , 2 Broke Girls , Reno 911 ! , and Gilmore Girls among others . Arden will be seen next in the feature film Extracurricular Activities .   Myrin has appeared in many films , including the Sundance Films Bachelorette , and Wrong Cops and Wrong both made by Mr. Oizo , as well as Kinsey , Morning Glory , and others .   Arden 's theater credits include Robert O'Hara 's Barbecue at The Public Theater in New York City , as well as the premiere of John Ross Bowie 's play about The Ramones Four Chords and A Gun at the Bootleg Theater in Los Angeles . Arden was in the original New York City production of David Mamet 's Boston Marriage at the Public Theater , and appeared in Hay Fever directed by Darko Tresnjak at the Westport Country Playhouse .   As a comedian Arden tours across the country and co-hosts a comedy show Tinkle Twins at Meltdown Comics with Dana Gould . Arden appeared on Chelsea Lately over 100 times , and is a regular panelist on @midnight . She was cast member of MadTV for the final four seasons along with Keegan-Michael Key , Jordan Peele , Ike Barinholtz , and Bobby Lee . She has appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brian , The Howard Stern Show , WTF with Marc Maron , and RuPaul 's Drag Race . Arden is also the host of the Nerdist podcast Will You Accept This Rose ? about The Bachelor/The Bachelorette franchise .

neg: Kevin Carroll (actor) Kevin Carroll is an American actor , best known for his role as John Murphy in the HBO television series The Leftovers .

neg: Jim Thurman James `` Jim '' George Thurman ( March 15 , 1935 -- April 14 , 2007 ) , was an Emmy-winning American writer , actor , photographer , director , cartoonist , and producer . He is best known for the writings of TV gags for the likes of Bob Hope , Bob Newhart , Carol Burnett , Bill Cosby , and Dean Martin .

neg: Mugged (Flight of the Conchords) `` Mugged '' is the third episode of the HBO comedy series Flight of the Conchords . It first aired in the United States on Sunday , July 1 , 2007 .

neg: Jason Alexander Jay Scott Greenspan ( born September 23 , 1959 ) , known by his stage name Jason Alexander , is an American actor , voice actor , comedian and director .   Alexander is best known for his prominent role as George Costanza in the television series Seinfeld . Other well-known roles include Phillip Stuckey in the film Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) and the title character in the animated series Duckman ( 1994 -- 1997 ) .   Alexander has had an active career on stage , appearing in several Broadway musicals including Jerome Robbins ' Broadway in 1989 , for which he won the Tony Award as Best Leading Actor in a Musical . He appeared in the Los Angeles production of The Producers . He was the Artistic Director of `` Reprise ! Broadway 's Best in Los Angeles '' , where he has directed several musicals .

neg: Hangover Tonight `` Hangover Tonight '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Gary Allan . It was released to country radio on March 2 , 2015 as the lead single to Allan 's upcoming tenth studio album . The song was written by Allan , Chris Stapleton , Cary Barlowe and Jesse Frasure .

neg: Jeff Ross Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz ( born September 13 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Jeff Ross , is an American stand-up comedian , writer , and actor . His skill in doing high-profile celebrity roasts and his appearances in Comedy Central 's Roasts , have led him to be dubbed `` The Roastmaster General . '' He has appeared in various film , television , and cartoon projects . He has made appearances at events for U.S. soldiers and directed a documentary film covering his experiences touring U.S. bases in Iraq .


query: Steven Tyler was active in the early 1980s.

pos: Steven Tyler Steven Tyler ( born Steven Victor Tallarico ; March 26 , 1948 ) is an American singer-songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , and former television music competition judge , best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith , in which he also plays the harmonica , and occasional piano and percussion . He is known as the `` Demon of Screamin ' '' due to his high screams and his wide vocal range . He is also known for his on-stage acrobatics . During his high-energy performances , Tyler usually dresses in bright , colorful outfits with his trademark scarves hanging from his microphone stand .   In the 1970s , Tyler rose to prominence as the lead singer of Aerosmith , which released such milestone hard rock albums as Toys in the Attic and Rocks , along with a string of hit singles , including `` Dream On '' , `` Sweet Emotion '' and `` Walk This Way '' . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , Tyler had a heavy drug and alcohol addiction and the band 's popularity waned . Tyler and bandmate Joe Perry became known as the `` Toxic Twins '' due to their drug abuse . In 1986 , Tyler completed drug rehabilitation and Aerosmith rose to prominence again when Tyler and Perry joined Run -- D.M.C. for a re-make of the classic Aerosmith song `` Walk This Way '' , which became a Top 5 hit . Aerosmith subsequently launched a remarkable comeback with the multi-platinum albums Permanent Vacation , Pump , Get a Grip and Nine Lives , which produced a combined thirteen Top 40 singles and won the band numerous awards . During this time , the band embarked on their longest and most extensive concert tours , promoted their singles with conceptual music videos and made notable appearances in television , film and video games .   In the wake of this success , Tyler emerged as one of the most enduring rock icons . Since the late 1980s , he has embarked on several solo endeavors including guest appearances on other artists ' music ( working with artists as diverse as Alice Cooper , Mötley Crüe , Santana , Pink and Keith Anderson ) , film and TV roles ( including as a judge on American Idol and several cameo and guest appearances in other programs and films ) , authoring a bestselling book and solo work ( including the Top 40 hit single '' ( It ) Feels So Good '' in 2011 ) . While tension with his Aerosmith bandmates boiled in 2009 and 2010 after he fell off the stage at a concert , had a relapse with prescription drugs ( which he successfully received treatment for in 2009 ) , and signed on to American Idol without telling his bandmates , Tyler has continued to record music and perform with Aerosmith , after more than 46 years in the band . In May 2015 , Tyler released the country single `` Love Is Your Name '' , followed by the second single `` Red , White & You '' in January 2016 ; his debut solo album , We 're All Somebody from Somewhere , was released on July 15 , 2016 .   Tyler is included among Rolling Stone 's 100 Greatest Singers . He was ranked third on Hit Parader 's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Aerosmith and in 2013 , Tyler and his songwriting partner Joe Perry received the ASCAP Founders Award and were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame .

neg: Tom Sawyer (song) `` Tom Sawyer '' is a song by Canadian rock band Rush , originally released on their 1981 album Moving Pictures as its opener . The song relies heavily on Geddy Lee 's synthesizer playing and Neil Peart 's drumming . Lee has referred to the track as the band 's `` defining piece of music ... from the early '80s '' . It is one of Rush 's best-known songs and a staple of both classic rock radio and Rush 's live performances , having been played on every concert tour since its release . It peaked at # 25 on the UK Singles chart in October 1981 , at on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and at on the Billboard Top Tracks chart . In 2009 it was named the 19th-greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1 . `` Tom Sawyer '' was one of five Rush songs inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame on March 28 , 2010 .

neg: Slippery When Wet Slippery When Wet is the third studio album by American rock band Bon Jovi . It was released on August 18 , 1986 by Mercury Records in North America and Vertigo Records internationally . The album was produced by Bruce Fairbairn . Recording sessions took place between January and July 1986 at Little Mountain Sound Studios in Vancouver , Canada .   Slippery When Wet was an instant commercial success . The album features songs that are considered Bon Jovi 's most well-known tracks , such as the singles `` You Give Love a Bad Name '' , `` Livin ' on a Prayer '' and `` Wanted Dead or Alive '' .   The album spent eight weeks at No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart and was named by Billboard as the top-selling album of 1987 . Slippery When Wet is Bon Jovi 's best-selling studio album to date , with an RIAA certification of 12 × Platinum , making it one of the top 100 best-selling albums in the United States . The album was featured in the 2005 book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die .

neg: Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes .   Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .

neg: Steven Sweet Steven Sweet ( born `` Steven Chamberlin '' on October 29 , 1965 in Wadsworth , Ohio , United States ) is a Los Angeles-based drummer who is most famous for being a member of Warrant .

neg: The Collection (Bonnie Tyler album) The Collection is a compilation album by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler , released by Demon Music Group on 4 November 2013 . The compilation contains tracks from Tyler 's 1980s albums , and includes several rare tracks . The album was re-issued on 17 February 2017 .

neg: Rough Trade Records Rough Trade Records is an independent record label based in London , England . It was formed in 1978 by Geoff Travis who had opened a record store off Ladbroke Grove . Having successfully promoted and sold records by punk , very early indie pop and early post-punk bands such as The Smiths and Desperate Bicycles , Travis began to manage acts and distribute bands such as Scritti Politti and began the label , which was informed by left-wing politics and structured as a co-operative . Soon after , Rough Trade also set up a distribution arm that serviced independent retail outlets across Britain , a network that became known as the Cartel .   Interest and investment of major labels in the UK indie scene in the late 1980s , as well as overtrading on behalf of Rough Trade 's distribution wing , led to cash flow problems , and eventually to bankruptcy , forcing the label into receivership . However , Travis resurrected the label in the late 1990s , finding success with The Libertines , The Strokes and Antony and the Johnsons .

neg: Toronto Rocks Toronto Rocks was an hour-long television program presenting music videos on CITY-TV in Toronto , Ontario , Canada in the 1980s , starting in 1984 . It aired live at 4PM weekdays and was initially hosted by John Majhor . Majhor was a longtime DJ at 1050 CHUM AM in Toronto and eventually became one of Canada 's first `` VJs '' with the development of music videos . Toronto Rocks was a predecessor to MuchMusic and MTV , and had kids rushing home from school every day to catch their favourite videos of the early 80 's . During the show , Majhor played videos by a wide variety of the big name artists of the day . All the way from Michael Jackson 's `` Beat It '' , Van Halen 's `` Jump '' , Yes ' `` Owner of a Lonely Heart '' , to the Eurythmics ' `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' and other songs released in the 1980s by artists who became commercially popular during the decade . Wednesdays on the show were set aside for `` Mid Week Metal Mania '' , where Majhor played only heavy metal videos from the hard rock and `` hair bands '' of the day . He also interviewed in-studio guests and had various contests and giveaways . Over 400 episodes of Toronto Rocks were aired .   Other hosts were Brad Giffen ( until 1988 ) , Lance Chilton ( 1988 -- 90 ) and JD Roberts also filled in for John Majhor from time to time .

neg: The Del-Byzanteens The Del-Byzanteens was a New York-based no wave band active in the early 1980s . The band comprised Phil Kline ( vocals , guitar ) ; Jim Jarmusch ( vocals , keyboards ) ; Philippe Hagen ( bass ) ; Josh Braun ( percussion , drums ) ; and Dan Braun ( drums , percussion ) . Luc Sante wrote the lyrics to some of their songs , while James Nares sometimes contributed as a percussionist , and occasionally John Lurie performed with them on stage .   They released a 12 '' EP : Girl 's Imagination ( 1981 ) , an LP : Lies to Live By ( 1982 ) , and a 7 '' single : Draft Riot ( 1982 ) . In 1985-86 they recorded two more songs ( `` The Last Time '' and `` Fascination '' ) , which were never finished or officially released .   `` At that time everyone in New York had a band , '' Jarmusch recalled in an interview The Washington Post ( 1984 ) . `` The idea was that you did n't have to be a virtuoso musician to have a band . The spirit was more important than having technical expertise , and that influenced a lot of filmmakers . '' According to Sante , they were `` a band that insouciantly blended high and low , virtuosity and amateurism , calypso and science fiction , pots and pans and drones and the Supremes . They released several records , on a British label , which did very well in the former Yugoslavia . ''   They played a number of concerts at clubs such as CBGB , Hurrah and the Mudd Club in New York City . Two of their songs were featured in Wim Wenders ' 1982 film The State of Things . At the time , Hot Press said that their debut LP was `` a debut equal to anything out of New York these past six years '' , and Melody Maker described it as `` mighty stuff ... You are strongly urged to investigate this record ... outstanding . '' Like the filmmaker Jim Jarmusch , many of its members have gone on to become famous in their own right , making music ( Phil Kline ) , art ( James Nares ) , and writing ( Luc Sante ) .   Their back catalogue has never been re-issued on CD , and Del-Byzanteens vinyl is a rare sight on the second-hand market . However , `` Girl 's Imagination '' was featured on the Beggars Banquet 's 1999 compilation Pspyched ! , and again on the Gomma compilation Anti-NY in 2001 , while `` My Hands Are Yellow ( from the job that i do ) '' was released on New York Noise Vol 2 , in 2003 . Three of their shows at the Hurrah club were filmed , in their entirety , by Merrill Aldighieri . In early 2011 she released a 52-minute `` hand-made '' DVD , `` Eskimo Lounge Music '' , featuring live footage from these performances , interfoiled with recent interviews with the band members .

neg: Bonnie Tyler Bonnie Tyler ( born Gaynor Hopkins ; 8 June 1951 ) is a Welsh singer , known for her distinctive husky voice . Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album The World Starts Tonight and its singles `` Lost in France '' and `` More Than a Lover '' . Her 1978 single `` It 's a Heartache '' reached number four on the UK Singles Chart , and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 .   In the 1980s , Tyler ventured into rock music with songwriter and producer Jim Steinman . He wrote Tyler 's biggest hit `` Total Eclipse of the Heart ' '' , the lead single from her 1983 UK chart topping album Faster Than the Speed of Night . Steinman also wrote Tyler 's other major 1980s hit `` Holding Out for a Hero '' . She had success in mainland Europe during the 1990s with Dieter Bohlen , who wrote and produced her hit `` Bitterblue '' . In 2003 , Tyler re-recorded `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' with singer Kareen Antonn . Their bilingual duet topped the French charts .   Her latest album Rocks and Honey was released in 2013 and features the single `` Believe in Me '' which she performed representing the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 . Both `` It 's a Heartache '' and `` Total Eclipse of the Heart '' are among the best-selling singles of all time , with sales in excess of six million each . Her work has earned her three Grammy Award nominations and three Brit Award nominations , among other accolades .

neg: Amazing (Aerosmith song) `` Amazing '' is a power ballad performed by the American hard rock band Aerosmith . Don Henley lends his vocals shadowing lead singer Steven Tyler in parts of this song . It was written by Tyler and a longtime band friend and collaborator Richie Supa . It peaked at # 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 , # 3 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , and # 9 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart , and # 57 in the UK .   On the album Get a Grip , as soon as the song ends , a radio is heard being tuned into a recording of `` Who Threw the Whiskey in the Well '' , recorded by Lucky Millinder . Tyler says , `` So from all of us at Aerosmith to all of you out there , wherever you are , remember : the light at the end of the tunnel may be you . Good night . '' Millinder 's orchestra plays as the music fades out .

neg: Scarlet Party Scarlet Party was formed in Essex , England , in the early 1980s . The founder members were , singer/songwriters Graham Dye , and brother Steven Dye , with drummer Sean Heaphy .   They began to perform at many top venues , to a well established following , and had already recorded an album of original material , and were signed to a major record company , when joined by fourth member , Mark Gilmour , brother of Pink Floyd 's David Gilmour , on lead guitar .   The debut single , `` 101 Dam-Nations '' , was released on EMI 's famous Parlophone label , on 16 October 1982 , alongside a special re-release of Love Me Do , celebrating The Beatles ' 20th anniversary at EMI . This helped to get Scarlet Party noticed , and with the voice of Graham Dye , uncannily resembling that of John Lennon , a television , radio , and magazine , publicity campaign , helped to reinforce the connection . The single was enthusiastically received ( Kate Bush described it as her favourite ) , and reached number 44 in the UK Singles Chart .   The follow-up single `` Eyes Of Ice '' reached number 8 in the Portuguese chart . The single was released in February 1983 , on ice-clear vinyl , which was a request from the band , and all art-work for the sleeve was created by Graham Dye , using coloured pencils . EMI then decided not to release the completed album , which was to be called ` Scarlet Skies ' .   ` Scarlet Skies ' , was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in 1981-82 , but has never been officially released . The linked songs explore themes of war , love , and alienation , in styles reminiscent of both the mini pop operas of The Who , and the progressive concept albums of Pink Floyd .   The band recorded more original songs written by the Dye brothers , as a four-piece , until the departure of Mark Gilmour at the end of 1983 , and then , once again , as a three-piece , also working on other projects , including a musical cartoon adventure based on the band , none of which were taken on by EMI .   Scarlet Party continued performing live shows , joined briefly by new member Micky Portman on bass , and recorded several more tracks at Abbey Road Studios . However , the band now feeling disheartened , and disappointed in EMI , decided to call it a day at the end of 1985 .   Graham Dye went on to work as lead vocalist , on several albums by The Alan Parsons Project , and more recently , a new version of `` 101 Dam-Nations '' was made , featuring Graham and Steven Dye , together with Phil Collins of Genesis , playing the drums . The brothers requested the help of Alan Parsons to produce the recording , which is not yet available .

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government .   The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast .   Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .

neg: Chain Reaction (1960s band) Chain Reaction , also known as The Strangeurs , was an American rock band from Yonkers , New York . They had two singles and were most notable for having lead singer Steven Tallarico ( Steven Tyler , as he would later come to be known ) . They started off as the Strangers , until finding a group who already had that name , switching to The Strangeurs as a result . After a line-up change they changed their name to Chain Reaction .   Chain Reaction performed in concert as the opening act for such groups as The Beach Boys , The Byrds and The Yardbirds . The band 's 1966 song `` When I Needed You '' appeared on Aerosmith 's 1991 compilation box set album Pandora 's Box .

neg: Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on July 21 , 1987 , by Geffen Records to massive commercial success . It topped the Billboard 200 and became the best-selling debut album as well as the 11th best-selling album in the United States . With about 30 million copies sold worldwide , it is also one of the best-selling records ever . Although critics were ambivalent toward the album when it was first released , Appetite for Destruction has since received retrospective acclaim and been viewed as one of the greatest albums of all time .

neg: New Order discography The discography of New Order , an English rock band , consists of ten studio albums , twelve compilation albums , three live albums , five extended plays ( EPs ) , thirty-eight singles , twelve video releases , thirty-three music videos and a number of soundtrack appearances . New Order were formed in 1980 by singer and guitarist Bernard Sumner , bassist Peter Hook and drummer Stephen Morris . The group began life as a continuation of their former incarnation Joy Division . Joy Division had disbanded after the death of the lead singer Ian Curtis . Gillian Gilbert , who was Morris ' girlfriend at the time , soon joined the group and played guitar and keyboards .   Remarkably , New Order 's first eight singles released between 1981 and 1984 were not taken from any album . In most cases they were not even released as a 7-inch , but exclusively available in the radio-unfriendly 12-inch format , an unusual approach for a pop-act in the eighties .   Despite the high anticipation that surrounded the group , their debut single `` Ceremony '' only peaked at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart . The group 's following two singles and their debut album met with similar moderate success . It would not be until the release of their fourth single , `` Blue Monday '' , that New Order would break into the top ten , with the song peaking at number 9 . `` Blue Monday '' became a defining single for the group and caused a sensation , becoming the biggest selling 12-inch single of all time .   New Order , like many other post-punk groups of the period , increasingly utilised keyboards , drum machine and sequencers in their music . As a result they became associated with the synthpop and electronic dance movements of the 1980s . Beginning with Power , Corruption & Lies from 1983 , all of the group 's studio albums reached the top ten in the United Kingdom . The group experienced a lull in popularity in the years 1985 and 1986 but the surprise international popularity of the `` Bizarre Love Triangle '' single re-launched the group across the world . The group cemented their success in 1987 with the single , `` True Faith '' , and the compilation album Substance .   New Order were at the peak of their popularity in the years 1987 to 1993 , with a run of popular singles , including `` Blue Monday 1988 '' , `` Fine Time '' , `` Regret '' , `` World ( The Price of Love ) '' and in 1990 they scored their only number 1 single in the UK with the official England national football team song , `` World in Motion '' . The two albums released during these years , Technique and Republic ; each charted at number 1 in the UK . It was during this successful period that the group 's internal dynamic began to falter . Sumner was not fond of touring , and wanted to take time off from the group and produce a solo album . He formed Electronic with Johnny Marr and the pair released their first single in 1989 . Hook formed his own band , Revenge , in 1989 , while Morris and Gilbert worked together as The Other Two , primarily scoring soundtracks . Of the three side projects , Sumner 's was by far the most successful .   The recording and touring of 1993 's Republic , their first for London Records , was difficult and intra-band tensions were rife . The group went on hiatus until 1998 . In the meantime two compilation albums , The Best of New Order and The Rest of New Order , and several singles were released .   The group reconvened in 1998 for the Reading Festival but did not release new material until 2000 . The group released the album Get Ready in 2001 . It was met with critical warmth , but it was apparent that the group 's popularity had lessened . The lead single from the album , `` Crystal '' , reached the top ten in the UK . The film 24 Hour Party People , a humorous chronicle of their label Factory Records , was released in 2002 . New Order contributed a new song , `` Here to Stay '' , and a re-recording of the Joy Division song `` New Dawn Fades '' with Moby , for the film 's soundtrack . The compilation International and four-disc boxset Retro were released in winter 2002 . New Order followed Get Ready with Waiting for the Sirens ' Call in 2005 . During this period Gilbert stepped down from live performances due to family commitments . Phil Cunningham stepped into her role and in 2005 became an official member of the group .   The group had intended to release a ninth album soon after Waiting for the Sirens ' Call , the majority of which had already been recorded . The lack of enthusiasm inside the group and relative failure of Waiting for the Sirens ' Call stalled their career momentum . In 2007 , Hook decided to leave the group , and stated that he and Sumner had no further plans to work together . Sumner formed Bad Lieutenant with Cunningham , and Hook formed Freebass . Morris continued to work with Sumner and Cunningham . In 2008 , New Order released remastered and expanded editions of their first five albums with the intention of releasing the further three albums in a similar format in future .  In December 2012 it was announced that Lost Sirens would be released in the United Kingdom on 14 January 2013 . Lost Sirens is an eight-track album of tracks left out of Waiting for the Sirens ' Call .  On 22 June 2015 , the band announced they are to release a new album , Music Complete , on 25 September 2015 . The album will be the first without Peter Hook , and was produced mostly by the band themselves , except `` Singularity '' and `` Unlearn This Hatred '' , both produced by Tom Rowlands , while `` Superheated '' features additional production by Stuart Price .   In the US , the band has sold a certified 2 million albums , and in the UK a certified 960,000 albums .

neg: Deep Roots (album) Deep Roots is a studio album by Steven Curtis Chapman . Steven Curtis Chapman alongside Cracker Barrel released the album on March 11 , 2013 .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: Bonepony Bonepony is an American rock band , formed in the late 1980s by singer/songwriter Scott Johnson and guitarist Bryan Ward in the Baltimore , Maryland area . By all accounts , Bonepony began as a hard rock band , similar in style to Aerosmith . The band recorded a demo and toured sporadically .

neg: The Untouchables (Los Angeles band) The Untouchables are a soul/mod revival band from the Silver Lake , Los Angeles , California area . Described by original lead singer Kevin Long as `` mods who played ska music , '' The Untouchables are credited with being America 's first ska band .   They formed in 1981 as part of the embryonic L.A. mod revival , after being inspired by the ska revival/punk rock band The Boxboys . Since some could n't play instruments , they either hastily learned , or became vocalists . The original lineup included : Kevin Long ( vocals ) , Chuck Askerneese ( vocals ) , Terry Ellsworth ( rhythm guitar ) , Clyde Grimes ( guitar ) , Rob Lampron ( drums ) , Herman Askerneese ( bass ) and Jerry Miller ( vocals , timbales ) .   After a shaky start playing at parties , the integrated septet were eventually booked at the O.N. Klub ( known as the On to regulars ) . The band had guaranteed the club that they would pack the venue , and they did not disappoint . In middle of that year , they released their first ( ska-styled ) 7 '' single , copies of which were snapped up by local mods . Late in 1982 , the band began a stint as the house band at the Roxy Theatre . Terry Ellsworth left the band in the summer of 1983 , at the height of the California mod revival . Josh Harris was added on keyboards , Timothy Moynahan on trombone and Will Donato ( who became a successful smooth jazz artist ) started on sax .   Their second single , `` The General , '' became a minor local hit , despite poor distribution . The band performed `` The General '' in the 1984 comedy The Party Animal , and they appeared as a scooter gang in the movie Repo Man . In early 1984 , they were signed to Stiff Records . Concerts with The B-52 's , Black Uhuru , Bow Wow Wow , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Fishbone , No Doubt and X all over California gave the group a disparate following of whites , blacks , mods , punks , surfers and rockabilly fans , with the local performances drawing up to 1,500 people . The band also appeared in the 1984 film Surf II , performing `` Dance Beat '' , and 1987 's No Man 's Land , performing `` What 's Gone Wrong '' .   Vocalist Kevin Long ( who had named the band ) left in 1984 . Guitarist Clyde Grimes took on more vocal leads , and in 1984 the band recorded `` Free Yourself '' , which became very popular , especially in the United Kingdom where it was a # 26 hit in April 1985 . The band has gone through many lineup changes since then , and as of 2006 , only vocalist Jerry Miller remains from the original lineup .

neg: Roland TR-808 The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer , often referred to simply as the 808 , is a drum machine introduced by the Roland Corporation in 1980 and discontinued in 1983 . It was one of the earliest programmable drum machines , with which users could create their own rhythms rather than having to use presets .   Unlike its nearest competitor , the more expensive and sample-based Linn LM-1 Drum Computer , the 808 is completely analog , meaning its sounds are generated via hardware . Launched at a time when electronic music had yet to become mainstream , the 808 received mixed reviews for its unrealistic drum sounds and was a commercial failure . Having built approximately 12,000 units , Roland discontinued the 808 after improvements to semiconductor technology made it impossible to restock the faulty transistors that were an essential part of its design . It was succeeded in 1984 by the TR-909 .   Over the course of the decade , the 808 attracted a cult following among underground musicians for its affordability , ease of use , and idiosyncratic sounds , particularly its deep , `` booming '' bass drum . It became a cornerstone of the emerging electronic , dance , and hip hop genres , popularized by early hits such as Marvin Gaye 's `` Sexual Healing '' ( 1982 ) and Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force 's `` Planet Rock '' ( 1982 ) . The 808 was eventually used on more hit records than any other drum machine , and its sounds continue to be used ; its popularity with hip hop in particular has made it one of the most influential inventions in popular music , comparable to the Fender Stratocaster 's influence on rock .