query: Harry Potter is based on novels.

pos: Harry Potter (film series) Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling . The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films , beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( 2001 ) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( 2011 ) . A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films , starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) . The Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World .   The series was mainly produced by David Heyman , and stars Daniel Radcliffe , Rupert Grint , and Emma Watson as the three leading characters : Harry Potter , Ron Weasley , and Hermione Granger . Four directors worked on the series : Chris Columbus , Alfonso Cuarón , Mike Newell , and David Yates . The screenplays were written by Steve Kloves , with the exception of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix ( 2007 ) , which was written by Michael Goldenberg . Production took over ten years to complete , with the main story arc following Harry Potter 's quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord Voldemort .   Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , the seventh and final novel in the series , was adapted into two feature-length parts . Part 1 was released in November 2010 , and Part 2 was released in July 2011 .   Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( 2004 ) is the only film in the series not among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time , with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 , the highest-grossing film in the series and one of 30 films to gross over $ 1 billion , ranking at number 8 . Without inflation adjustment , it is the second highest-grossing film series with $ 8.5 billion in worldwide receipts .

neg: Guy Fawkes (novel) Guy Fawkes first appeared as a serial in Bentley 's Miscellany , between January and November 1840 . It was subsequently published as a three-volume set in July 1841 , with illustrations by George Cruikshank . The first of William Harrison Ainsworth 's seven `` Lancashire novels '' , the story is based on the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 , an unsuccessful attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament . Ainsworth relied heavily on historical documents describing the trial and execution of the conspirators , of whom Fawkes was one , but he also embellished the known facts . He invented the character of Viviana Radcliffe , daughter of the prominent Radcliffe family of Ordsall Hallwho becomes Fawkes 's wifeand introduced supernatural elements into the story , such as the ability of the alchemist , John Dee , to raise the spirits of the dead .   The novel 's themes deal with British politics and history , focusing on the events surrounding the 1605 plot to destroy Parliament . Ainsworth also introduced gothic elements , to add a terrifying component to the work . The novel was very popular , and marked the beginning of Ainsworth 's 40-year career in historical romances , but it was not universally admired . Edgar Allan Poe described the style of writing as `` turgid pretension '' .

neg: List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication .   Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings :   Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books .   On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 .   In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .

neg: Waverley Novels The Waverley Novels is a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 -- 1832 ) . For nearly a century , they were among the most popular and widely read novels in all of Europe .   Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827 , the series takes its name from Waverley , the first novel of the series released in 1814 . The later books bore the words `` by the author of Waverley '' on their title pages .   The Tales of my Landlord sub-series was not advertised as `` by the author of Waverley '' and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series .

neg: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return .   The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince .   Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D .   As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .

neg: Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture .   British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital .   The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine .   The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .

neg: Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' .   The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows :  Fiction  William Boyd - Any Human Heart  Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up !  Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated  Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal  Nick Hornby - How to Be Good  Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story  Matthew Kneale - English Passengers  Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist  Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian  Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now  Ali Smith - The Accidental  Zadie Smith - White Teeth  Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction  Pat Barker - Regeneration   Non-fiction  Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival  Niall Ferguson - Empire  Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World  Malcolm Gladwell - Blink  Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos  Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics  James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia  Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation   Crime  Donna Tartt - The Secret History  P. D. James - A Certain Justice  John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders  Alex Garland - The Beach  Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy   Travel and adventure  Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun  Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey  Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari   Biography  Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind  Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life  Jeremy Paxman - The English   Essays  Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy  Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson  Alistair Cooke - Letter from America

neg: Harry Palmer Harry Palmer is the protagonist of a number of films based on the unnamed main character from the spy novels written by Len Deighton . Michael Caine played Harry Palmer in three of the four films based on the four published novels featuring this character . Caine also starred as this character in two other films not directly based on Deighton 's novels .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: Minerva Press Minerva Press was a publishing house , noted for creating a lucrative market in sentimental and Gothic fiction in the late 18th century and early 19th century . It was established by William Lane ( 1745 ? -1814 ) at No 33 Leadenhall Street , London , when he moved his circulating library there in about 1790 .   Among his stable of writers were many female authors including Regina Maria Roche ( The Maid of Hamlet , 1793 ; Clermont , 1798 ) ; Mrs. Eliza Parsons ( The Castle of Wolfenbach , 1793 ; The Mysterious Warning , 1796 ) ; and Eleanor Sleath ( The Orphan of the Rhine , 1798 ) whose Gothic fiction is included in the list of the seven Northanger Horrid Novels , recommended by the character Isabella Thorpe in Jane Austen 's novel of similar name . Six of the Northanger Seven were published by Minerva . However many titles were anonymous , including such novels as Count Roderic 's Castle ( 1794 ) , The Haunted Castle ( 1794 ) , The Animated Skeleton ( 1798 ) and The New Monk ( 1798 ) , and the five novels of Helen Craik . Authors such as Emma Parker ( `` Emma de Lisle '' ) and Amelia de Beauclerc , who wrote for Minerva Press in the 1800s , are obscure today , and the market for Minerva 's books became negligible after the death of its charismatic founder .   Lane was succeeded as proprietor of the Minerva Press by his partner , Anthony King ( A. K. ) Newman , who gradually dropped the Minerva name from his books ' title pages during the 1820s . Later books published by the press bear the imprint `` A. K. Newman & Co. . ''   In the 20th century , the name Minerva Press was used by at least one publisher unconnected with the original firm .

neg: Alchemy in art and entertainment Alchemy has had a long-standing relationship with art , seen both in alchemical texts and in mainstream entertainment . Literary alchemy appears throughout the history of English literature from Shakespeare to modern Fantasy authors . Here , characters or plot structure follow an alchemical magnum opus . In the fourteenth century , Chaucer began a trend of alchemical satire that can still be seen in recent fantasy works like those of Terry Pratchett .   Visual artists had a similar relationship with alchemy . While some of them used alchemy as a source of satire , others worked with the alchemists themselves or integrated alchemical thought or symbols in their work . Music was also present in the works of alchemists and continues to influence popular performers . In the last hundred years , alchemists have been portrayed in a magical and spagyric role in fantasy fiction , film , television , comics and video games .

neg: Time's List of the 100 Best Novels Time 's List of the 100 Best Novels '' ' is an unranked list of the 100 best novels -- and ten best graphic novels -- published in the English language between 1923 and 2005 . The list was compiled by Time Magazine critics Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo .   The list only includes works between 1923 ( when Time was first published ) and 2005 ( when the list was compiled ) . As a result , notable books such as Ulysses by James Joyce -- published before 1923 -- were ineligible for inclusion.Watchmen '' ( 1986 ) by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons appears on both the 100 Best Novels and 10 Best Graphic Novels lists , giving the combined lists 109 entries .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well .   Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature .   The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes .   A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: The Railway Series The Railway Series is a set of story books about a railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor . There are 42 books in the series , the first being published in 1945 . Twenty-six were written by the Rev. Wilbert Awdry , up to 1972 . A further 16 were written by his son , Christopher Awdry ; 14 between 1983 and 1996 , and two more in 2007 and 2011 .   Nearly all of The Railway Series stories were based upon real-life events . As a lifelong railway enthusiast , Awdry was keen that his stories should be as realistic as possible . The engine characters were almost all based upon real classes of locomotive , and some of the railways themselves were directly based upon real lines in the British Isles .   Characters and stories from the books formed the basis of the children 's television series Thomas and Friends .   Audio adaptations of The Railway Series have been recorded at various times under the title The Railway Stories .

neg: Harry Potter Alliance The Harry Potter Alliance ( also known as the HPA ) is a nonprofit organization run primarily by Harry Potter fans . It was founded by Andrew Slack in 2005 to draw attention to human rights violations in Sudan . Since then , the organisation 's campaigns have focused on topics such as literacy , United States immigration reform , economic justice , gay rights , sexism , labor rights , mental health , body image , and climate change . They have received recognition from many popular figures in the Harry Potter community and have been the subject of multiple academic studies on fan activism and civic engagement among youth .

neg: Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books .   The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide .   In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .

neg: Wicked Willow The Wicked Willow trilogy were three original novels based on the U.S. television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer . In the UK , an omnibus of the entire trilogy was later released .

neg: Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles .   Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .

neg: Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century .   The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history .   In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' .   Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .


query: Kristen Bell has been on television.

pos: House of Lies House of Lies is an American comedy television series created by Matthew Carnahan . The show , which premiered on Showtime on January 8 , 2012 , is based on the book House of Lies : How Management Consultants Steal Your Watch and Then Tell You the Time , written by Martin Kihn , a former consultant at Booz Allen Hamilton . It follows a group of management consultants who stop at nothing to get business deals done . On May 17 , 2016 , Showtime canceled the series after five seasons , with the series finale airing June 12 , 2016 .

pos: Heroes (TV series) Heroes is an American psychological thriller science fiction television drama series created by Tim Kring that appeared on NBC for four seasons from September 25 , 2006 through February 8 , 2010 . The series tells the stories of ordinary people who discover that they had superhuman abilities , and how these abilities take effect in the characters ' lives as they work together to prevent catastrophic futures . The series emulates the aesthetic style and storytelling of American comic books , using multi-episode story arcs that build upon a larger , more encompassing narrative . The series was produced by Tailwind Productions in association with Universal Media Studios . It was filmed primarily in Los Angeles , California .   Four complete seasons aired , ending on February 8 , 2010 . The critically acclaimed first season had a run of 23 episodes and garnered an average of 14.3 million viewers in the United States , receiving the highest rating for an NBC drama premiere in five years . The second season of Heroes attracted an average of 13.1 million viewers in the U.S. , and marked NBC 's sole series among the top 20 ranked programs in total viewership for the 2007 -- 2008 season . Heroes has earned a number of awards and nominations , including Primetime Emmy Awards , Golden Globes , People 's Choice Awards , and British Academy Television Awards .   An online extension of the series , Heroes 360 Experience , later rebranded as Heroes Evolutions , was created to explore the Heroes universe and provides insight into the show 's mythology . Other official Heroes media include magazines , action figures , tie-in and interactive websites , a mobile game , a novel , clothing and other merchandise . In the fall of 2008 , NBC Digital Entertainment released a series of online content for the summer , including more original web content , wireless iTV interactivity , graphic novels available for mobile viewing and webisodes .   A 13-episode miniseries entitled Heroes Reborn premiered on NBC on September 24 , 2015 . Additionally , comic book writer Cullen Bunn will be writing an ongoing comic book continuing Heroes , called Heroes : Season Five ; a release date and artist has yet to be determined .

pos: Veronica Mars Veronica Mars is an American teen noir mystery drama television series created by screenwriter Rob Thomas . The series is set in the fictional town of Neptune , California , and stars Kristen Bell as the eponymous character . The series premiered on September 22 , 2004 , during television network UPN 's final two years , and ended on May 22 , 2007 , after a season on UPN 's successor , The CW , airing for three seasons total . Veronica Mars was produced by Warner Bros. . Television , Silver Pictures Television , Stu Segall Productions , and Rob Thomas Productions . Joel Silver and Rob Thomas were executive producers for the entire run of the series , while Diane Ruggiero was promoted in the third season .   Veronica Mars is a student who progresses from high school to college while moonlighting as a private investigator under the tutelage of her detective father . In each episode , Veronica solves a different stand-alone case while working to solve a more complex mystery . The first two seasons of the series each had a season-long mystery arc , introduced in the first episode of the season and solved in the season finale . The third season took a different format , focusing on smaller mystery arcs that would last the course of several episodes .   Thomas initially wrote Veronica Mars as a young adult novel , which featured a male protagonist ; he changed the gender because he thought a noir piece told from a female point of view would be more interesting and original . Filming began in March 2004 , and the series premiered in September to 2.49 million American viewers . The critically acclaimed first season 's run of 22 episodes garnered an average of 2.5 million viewers per episode in the United States . Veronica Mars appeared on a number of fall television best lists , and garnered several awards and nominations . During the series ' run , it was nominated for two Satellite Awards , four Saturn Awards , five Teen Choice Awards and was featured on AFI 's TV Programs of the Year for 2005 .   Following the cancellation of the series , Thomas wrote a feature film script continuing the series . Warner Bros. opted not to fund the project at the time . On March 13 , 2013 , Bell and Thomas launched a fundraising campaign to produce the film through Kickstarter and attained the $ 2 million goal in less than eleven hours . They accumulated over $ 5.7 million via Kickstarter . The film was released on March 14 , 2014 .

pos: The Good Place The Good Place is an American fantasy comedy television series created by Mike Schur . It premiered on September 19 , 2016 on NBC .   The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop ( Kristen Bell ) , a recently deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is sent by Michael ( Ted Danson ) to `` The Good Place '' , a heaven-like utopia he designed , in reward for her righteous life . However , she quickly realizes that she was sent there by mistake , and must hide her morally imperfect behavioral past and present . William Jackson Harper , Jameela Jamil , and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of the Good Place , together with D'Arcy Carden as an artificial being helping the inhabitants .   The Good Place has received critical acclaim since its premiere , with many praising its performances , writing , originality , setting , and tone . On January 30 , 2017 , NBC renewed the series for a second season of 13 episodes .

pos: NBC The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC ) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal , a subsidiary of Comcast . The network is headquartered in the Comcast Building ( formerly known as the GE Building ) at Rockefeller Center in New York City , with additional major offices near Los Angeles ( at Universal City Plaza ) , Chicago ( at the NBC Tower ) and soon in Philadelphia at Comcast Innovation and Technology Center . The network is part of the Big Three television networks . NBC is sometimes referred to as the `` Peacock Network '' , in reference to its stylized peacock logo , which was originally created in 1956 for its then-new color broadcasts and became the network 's official emblem in 1979 .   Founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America ( RCA ) , NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States . In 1986 , control of NBC passed to General Electric ( GE ) -- which previously owned RCA and NBC until 1930 , when it was forced to sell the companies as a result of antitrust charges -- through its $ 6.4 billion purchase of RCA . Following the acquisition by GE ( which later liquidated RCA ) , Bob Wright served as chief executive officer of NBC , remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007 , when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker . In 2003 , French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE , forming NBC Universal . Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011 , and acquired General Electric 's remaining stake in 2013 . Following the Comcast merger , Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke .   NBC has thirteen owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates throughout the United States and its territories , some of which are also available in Canada via pay-television providers or in border areas over-the-air ; NBC also maintains brand licensing agreements for international channels in South Korea and Germany .

pos: Kristen Bell Kristen Anne Bell ( born July 18 , 1980 ) is an American actress and singer . She began her acting career starring in stage productions and attended the Tisch School of Arts in New York . In 2001 , she made her Broadway debut as Becky Thatcher in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and starred in the Broadway revival of The Crucible the following year . In 2004 , she had a supporting role in the film Spartan and received praise for her first leading performance in Gracie 's Choice .   Bell gained critical acclaim for her first major role as the title character in the teen noir drama television series Veronica Mars ( 2004 -- 07 ) . For her performance she was awarded a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television . She reprised the eponymous role in the 2014 film continuation of the series . During her time on Veronica Mars , Bell appeared as Mary Lane in the film Reefer Madness : The Movie Musical ( 2005 ) , a reprise of the role she had played in the New York musical upon which the film was based . In 2007 , Bell joined the cast of the sci-fi series Heroes , playing the character Elle Bishop , for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award .   In 2008 , she had her breakout film role as the title character in Forgetting Sarah Marshall . She has since appeared in a number of comedy films , such as Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , When in Rome ( 2010 ) , You Again ( 2010 ) , and The Boss ( 2016 ) . Bell garnered further recognition for voicing Princess Anna in the Disney film Frozen ( 2013 ) , the short film Frozen Fever ( 2015 ) , and the upcoming Frozen 2 . She also starred as the female lead on the Showtime series House of Lies . Since 2016 , she has starred in the main role of Eleanor Shellstrop on the NBC comedy series The Good Place .   Bell married actor Dax Shepard in 2013 , with whom she has two daughters .

neg: The Backyardigans The Backyardigans is a Canadian -- American CGI-animated musical TV series created by Janice Burgess . It is a co-production of animation studio Nelvana and Nickelodeon Animation Studios . The series debuted on May 7 , 2004 and ended on May 31 , 2010 ; reruns of The Backyardigans continued to air on the Nickelodeon family of channels in the United States until 2015 . The show airs on Treehouse TV in Canada . In 2015 , the first season was included as part of Nickelodeon 's Noggin app , a mobile application featuring episodes of older Nick Jr. programs .   The series was based upon a live-action pilot produced in 1998 titled Me and My Friends .

neg: Raising the Bar (2008 TV series) Raising the Bar is an American legal drama , which ran on TNT network from September 1 , 2008 to December 24 , 2009 .

neg: Jean Smart Jean Elizabeth Smart ( born September 13 , 1951 ) is an American film , television , and stage actress . After beginning her career in regional theater in the Pacific Northwest , she appeared on Broadway as Marlene Dietrich in Piaf in 1981 . Smart was later cast in a lead role as Charlene Frazier Stillfield on the CBS sitcom Designing Women , which she played from 1986 to 1991 .   She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the 2000 Broadway revival of The Man Who Came to Dinner , and would go on to win two Emmy Awards for her role as Lana Gardener on the NBC sitcom Frasier ( 2000 -- 01 ) , and a third Emmy in 2008 for her role as Regina Newley on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? ( 2007 -- 09 ) .   Her film credits include The Brady Bunch Movie ( 1995 ) , Guinevere ( 1999 ) , Sweet Home Alabama ( 2002 ) , I Heart Huckabees ( 2004 ) , and The Accountant ( 2016 ) . Between 2006 and 2007 , she portrayed Martha Logan on the series 24 , and later starred as Floyd Gerhardt on Noah Hawley 's critically acclaimed FX series Fargo ( 2015 ) , which earned her a Critics ' Choice Television Award as well as an Emmy Award nomination . Since 2017 , she stars in the FX series Legion , also by Hawley .

neg: Locations in Veronica Mars Veronica Mars is an American television series created by Rob Thomas . The series premiered on September 22 , 2004 , during UPN 's last two years , and ended on May 22 , 2007 , after a season on UPN 's successor , The CW Television Network . Set in the fictional town of Neptune , the series starred Kristen Bell as the title character , a student who progressed from high school to college during the series while moonlighting as a private investigator under the wing of her detective father .

neg: Kraft Music Hall (TV series) Kraft Music Hall is an umbrella title for several television series aired by NBC in the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s in the musical variety genre , sponsored by Kraft Foods , the producers of a well-known line of cheeses and related dairy products . Their commercials were usually announced by `` The Voice of Kraft , '' Ed Herlihy .

neg: Kristen Wiig Kristen Carroll Wiig ( -LSB- ˈwɪɡ -RSB- born August 22 , 1973 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , and producer . She is known for her work on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live ( 2005 -- 12 ) , and such films as Bridesmaids , The Martian , and Ghostbusters .   Wiig was born in Canandaigua , New York , and raised in Lancaster , Pennsylvania , and Rochester , New York . Wiig attended the University of Arizona , where she majored in Fine Art . She later relocated to Los Angeles , where she broke into comedy as a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings and made her television debut in 2003 . Wiig joined the cast of Saturday Night Live in 2005 and the following year she co-starred in the Christmas comedy film Unaccompanied Minors . After appearing in a series of supporting roles in comedy films such as Adventureland , Whip It , and Paul , she starred in and co-wrote the screenplay for Bridesmaids , which was both critically and commercially successful .   Wiig received seven consecutive Emmy Awards nominations and has been nominated for an Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production for her work on Despicable Me 2 . In 2012 , Bridesmaids earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress -- Musical or Comedy , as well as nominations for the Academy Award and BAFTA for Best Original Screenplay and a SAG Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast . She was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role as Cynthia Morehouse in the miniseries The Spoils of Babylon .

neg: In Case of Emergency (TV series) In Case of Emergency is an American half-hour sitcom television series shown on ABC in the United States . The series follows a group of high school acquaintances whose lives have not turned out as they hoped . It premiered on January 3 , 2007 , at 9:30 pm and ended on April 11 , 2007 . The pilot episode was directed by Jon Favreau and the cast included Jonathan Silverman , David Arquette , Lori Loughlin , Kelly Hu , and Greg Germann .   ABC gave early renewal notices to several of its series on March 21 , 2007 but In Case of Emergency was not one of them .   On April 12 , 2007 , ABC announced that the show had been officially cancelled , leaving one episode unaired , which has since been broadcast internationally .

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons .   The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching .   The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .

neg: The Good Witch's Family The Good Witch 's Family is a 2011 Canadian/American family film and Hallmark Channel original movie written by G. Ross Parker and directed by Craig Pryce , The film stars Catherine Bell , Chris Potter , Catherine Disher , Matthew Knight , and Paul Miller . Family is the fourth film in the The Good Witch film series . The film premiered on Hallmark Channel October 29 , 2011 . The first film premiered January 19 , 2008 .

neg: Carlson Young Carlson Young ( born ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles on Disney Channel 's As the Bell Rings , the film Premature , Comedy Central 's Key & Peele , and for her role as Brooke Maddox in the main cast of MTV 's Scream television series .

neg: Good Morning, Miss Bliss Good Morning , Miss Bliss ( also known as Saved by the Bell : The Junior High Years ) is an American teen sitcom that aired on the Disney Channel from 1988 to 1989 ( and later in syndication as part of the Saved by the Bell rerun package ) , starring Hayley Mills as a teacher at John F. Kennedy Junior High School in Indianapolis , Indiana .   The show was the first program produced by a major television network for cable TV , in this case NBC having produced it for the Disney Channel .

neg: Investigation Discovery (Canada) Investigation Discovery ( often abbreviated on-air as ID . ) is a Canadian English language Category B cable and satellite specialty channel that is owned by Bell Media . The channel primarily focuses on programming related to crime and justice .   Originally launching as a Canadian version of Court TV , it was relaunched as a Canadian version of Investigation Discovery as part of a licensing arrangement with the owner of the flagship channel of the same name in the United States , Discovery Communications . Unlike Bell 's other Discovery-branded channels and Corus Entertainment 's Oprah Winfrey Network , Discovery Communications does not own a minority stake in Investigation Discovery .

neg: List of When Calls the Heart episodes This is a list of episodes for When Calls the Heart , an American-Canadian television drama series , inspired by Janette Oke 's book of the same name from her Canadian West Series . Developed by Michael Landon Jr. , the series began airing on the Hallmark Channel in the United States on January 11 , 2014 , and on April 16 , 2014 on Super Channel in Canada .   As of April 23 , 2017 , 39 episodes of When Calls the Heart have aired , concluding the fourth season . On April 24 , 2017 , Erin Kraków announced via the Hallmark Channel website that the show would return for a fifth season in 2018 .

neg: Tone Bell Michael Anthony `` Tone '' Bell , II . ( born August 10 , 1983 ) is an American stand-up comedian and actor .

neg: List of Saved by the Bell episodes The following is a list of episodes for the NBC teen sitcom , Saved by the Bell . The series premiered on August 20 , 1989 and ended on May 22 , 1993 with 86 episodes produced spanning four seasons . The number of episodes was increased for syndication , adding re-purposed episodes of Good Morning , Miss Bliss ( excluding the pilot ) , the follow-up series Saved by the Bell : The College Years , and the TV movies Saved by the Bell : Hawaiian Style and Saved by the Bell : Wedding in Las Vegas ( broken into four episodes each ) . The total number of syndicated episodes is 126 , though the number aired varies by broadcaster . The storyline follows Zack Morris through junior high , high school and college , to his eventual marriage to Kelly Kapowski . The related series Saved by the Bell : The New Class maintains a separate storyline .   The actual order is confused by the fact that DVD sets are in a different order than the air dates ( the DVDs are broken into 5 seasons instead of 4 ) . Note : Episode numbers in parentheses represent the order in the original series before extra episodes were added for syndication .

neg: Bravo (Canada) Bravo ( styled bravo ) is a Canadian English language Category A cable and satellite specialty channel that is owned by Bell Media .   The channel was founded as a Canadian version of the U.S. channel Bravo ( which is now owned by NBCUniversal ) , and originally focused on performing arts , drama , and independent film . However , as with its U.S. counterpart , the channel has largely dropped its arts programming , and now focuses primarily on mainstream films and scripted series .

neg: A. Dean Bell A. Dean Bell is an American filmmaker . He is best known for the feature film drama What Alice Found , a Sundance Award-winner and New York Times `` Critic 's Pick . ''

neg: Husbands (TV series) Husbands is an American web series written and created by Brad Bell and Jane Espenson , which premiered September 13 , 2011 , via super syndication on streaming platforms such as Blip , YouTube and Roku . The series stars Brad Bell and Sean Hemeon as a newly married couple . Billed as the world 's first marriage equality comedy , Husbands is a modern look on the classic premise of the newlywed sitcom .   The second season premiered August 15 , 2012 . After producing two seasons independently , it was announced that CW Seed had made a six-episode order for a third season of Husbands , which aired on August 15 , 2013 . No forthcoming seasons have since been announced .

neg: Betty and Veronica (Veronica Mars) `` Betty and Veronica '' is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars . Written by Diane Ruggiero and directed by Michael Fields , the episode premiered on UPN on March 29 , 2005 .   The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars ( Kristen Bell ) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective . In this episode , Veronica investigates the mysterious disappearance of Neptune High 's mascot , a parrot named Polly , and eventually goes undercover at Neptune High 's rival , Pan High . Meanwhile , in flashbacks , Veronica deals with the aftermath of finding her mother ( Corinne Bohrer ) .

neg: Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) `` Wedding Bell Blues '' is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls and the show 's 100th episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino , the episode was originally broadcast on The WB in the United States on February 8 , 2005 . The episode features the renewal of vows by Emily ( Kelly Bishop ) and Richard Gilmore ( Edward Herrmann ) . Their daughter Lorelai Gilmore ( Lauren Graham ) and their granddaughter Rory Gilmore ( Alexis Bledel ) serve as maid of honor and best man , respectively . `` Wedding Bell Blues '' received positive reviews from television critics .


query: My Own Private Idaho had its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival in 2002.

pos: My Own Private Idaho My Own Private Idaho is a 1991 American independent adventure drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant , loosely based on Shakespeare 's Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V , and starring River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves . The story follows two friends , Mike and Scott , as they embark on a journey of personal discovery that takes them to Mike 's hometown in Idaho and then to Italy in search of Mike 's mother .   Van Sant originally wrote the screenplay in the 1970s , but discarded it after reading John Rechy 's 1963 novel City of Night and concluding that Rechy 's treatment of the subject of street hustlers was better than his own . Over the years , Van Sant rewrote the script , which comprised two stories : that of Mike and the search for his mother , and Scott 's story as a modern update of the Henry IV plays . Van Sant had difficulty getting Hollywood financing , and at one point considered making the film on a minuscule budget with a cast of actual street kids . After Van Sant sent copies of his script to Reeves and then Reeves showed it to Phoenix , both agreed to star in the film on each other 's behalf .   My Own Private Idaho had its premiere at the 48th Venice International Film Festival , and received largely positive reviews from critics including Roger Ebert and those of The New York Times and Entertainment Weekly . The film was a moderate financial success , grossing over $ 6.4 million in North America , which was above its estimated budget of $ 2.5 million . Phoenix received several awards for his performance in the film , including the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 1991 Venice Film Festival , Best Male Lead from the Independent Spirit Awards , and Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics .

pos: 48th Venice International Film Festival The 48th annual Venice International Film Festival was held on 3 to 14 September 1991 .

neg: Idaho wine Idaho wine refers to wine made from the U.S. state of Idaho . Idaho has a long history of wine production with the first vineyards in the Pacific Northwest being planted here in the 1860s . Like in other areas Prohibition in the United States virtually wiped out the Idaho wine industry in the early twentieth century only to have it resurrected again in the 1970s .

neg: Phoenix Film Festival Phoenix Film Festival is a festival that celebrates feature films and their creators . Started in 2000 , the annual celebration takes place in the city of Phoenix , Arizona . The festival is a showcase for feature and short films from all over the world .

neg: IFC Films IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City . It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks . It distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake , Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands . It operates the IFC Center .

neg: Comandante (film) Comandante is a political documentary film by American director Oliver Stone . In the film , Stone interviews Cuban leader Fidel Castro on a diverse range of topics . Stone and his film crew visited Castro in Cuba for three days in 2002 , and the film was released in 2003 , having its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival early that year .  The film was partly produced by HBO and was planned for broadcast . Shortly before airtime , after Cuba executed three hijackers of a ferry to the United States and imprisoned more than 70 political dissidents , HBO pulled the program .

neg: Reel Theatres Reel Theatres is a movie theater chain in the United States owned by Casper Management -- an Idaho corporation -- that features independent and foreign films . It operates theaters in Idaho , Oregon and Utah .

neg: 1969 Cannes Film Festival The 22nd Cannes Film Festival was held from 8 to 23 May 1969 . At this festival a new non-competitive section called `` Directors ' Fortnight '' is added , in response to the cancellation of the 1968 festival .   The Grand Prix du Festival International du Film went to the If ... . by Lindsay Anderson . The festival opened with Sweet Charity , directed by Bob Fosse .

neg: 2008 Slamdance Film Festival The 2008 Slamdance Film Festival took place in Park City , Utah from January 17 to January 25 , 2008 . It was the 14th iteration of the Slamdance Film Festival , an alternative to the more mainstream Sundance Film Festival .   The Festival received over 3,500 submissions from 25 countries for less than 100 slots .

neg: Film1 Sundance Film1 Sundance ( also called Film1 Sundance Channel ) is a Dutch premium television channel . It 's the Dutch version of the American cable television network SundanceTV devoted to airing independent feature films , world cinema , documentaries , short films , television series , and original programs , such as news about the latest developments from each year 's Sundance Film Festival .   The channel launched on 1 March 2012 and replaced the television channel Film1 Festival . All films are shown uncut and without commercial interruptions .

neg: 2010 Sundance Film Festival The 26th annual Sundance Film Festival was held from January 21 , 2010 until January 31 , 2010 in Park City , Utah .

neg: Real Women Have Curves Real Women Have Curves is a 2002 American comedy-drama film that takes place in East Los Angeles . It gained fame after winning the Audience Award for best dramatic film , and the Special Jury Prize for acting in the 2002 Sundance Film Festival . The film went on to receive the Youth Jury Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival , the Humanitas Prize , the Imagen Award at the Imagen Foundation Awards , and Special Recognition by the National Board of Review . The film was directed by Patricia Cardoso , and stars a young America Ferrera as protagonist Ana García . The film is based on a play ( of the same title ) written by Josefina Lopez , who co-authored the screenplay for the film with producer George LaVoo . According to the Sundance Institute , the film gives a voice to young women who are struggling to love themselves and find respect in the United States .

neg: The Cockettes (film) The Cockettes is a 2002 American documentary film . It was directed by Bill Weber and David Weissman , and produced by Weissman . Its subject is the 1960s-70s San Francisco performance group The Cockettes . The film debuted at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival , where it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize . It went on to a limited theatrical release and to play the film festival circuit . The film received the LA Film Critics Award for Best Documentary of 2002 .

neg: Sun Valley Opera House The Sun Valley Opera House was built in 1937 in Sun Valley , Idaho , as a movie theater . The picturesque Opera House has a 344-seat capacity and a state-of-the-art sound system ( installed in 1999 ) . It is the site for special events and as well as nightly showing of first-run movies . It is located in the Sun Valley Village , near the Sun Valley Lodge and Sun Valley Inn .   During the summer and winter seasons , the 1941 movie `` Sun Valley Serenade '' is shown free of charge daily at 5:00 pm . At other times of the year it is shown free of charge at 4:30 pm on Tuesdays , Thursdays , and Sundays .

neg: Clear Cut: The Story of Philomath, Oregon Clear Cut : The Story of Philomath , Oregon is a 2006 American documentary film produced and directed by Peter Richardson . It was filmed in the city of Philomath , Oregon . The film made its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2006 .

neg: Mine Alone Mine Alone ( Sólo mía ) is a 2001 Spanish drama film directed by Javier Balaguer .

neg: Eagle Pennell Eagle Pennell ( 28 July 1952 - 20 July 2002 ) was an American independent filmmaker . His film The Whole Shootin ' Match ( 1978 ) is often credited with inspiring Robert Redford to start the Sundance Institute .   Born Glenn Irwin Pinnell in Andrews , Texas , Pennell grew up in Lubbock and College Station . He became interested in film as a teenager and would use his father 's Super 8 camera to shoot skits starring his brother and sisters . He graduated from A&M Consolidated High School . Pennell then attended the University of Texas at Austin majoring in Radio-Television-Film but dropped out in 1973 during his junior year to do film work .   He changed his name while in his early twenties . His first name is supposedly based on the story that Pennell was once told his large nose looked like the beak of an eagle . His last name comes from 2nd Lt. Ross Pennell , a character from John Ford 's She Wore a Yellow Ribbon ( 1949 ) . Ford was one of his father 's favorite directors .   Pennell 's first film was a short documentary titled Rodeo Cowboys . He co-organized Austin 's first film festival in April 1975 . He made his first narrative short film , A Hell of a Note , in 1977 . This short inspired his most notable film The Whole Shootin ' Match .   In the early 1980s , Pennell moved to Houston , where he produced and directed his second feature film Last Night at the Alamo ( 1984 ) .   Pennell 's last feature film , `` Doc 's Full Service '' , had its World Première at the SXSW Film Festival in 1994 .   Pennell struggled with alcoholism and drug addiction for much of his adult life . For years before his death , he was intermittently homeless and often borrowed or begged for money . Pennell died in Houston and is buried in College Station .

neg: Personal Velocity: Three Portraits Personal Velocity : Three Portraits is a 2002 American independent film written and directed by Rebecca Miller .

neg: Beverly Hills Film Festival The Beverly Hills Film Festival ( BHFF ) is a film festival in the United States founded in 2001 by independent filmmaker Nino Simone . The festival is an international competition dedicated to showcasing the art and talent of emerging filmmakers and screenplay writers from around the world .   The festival lasts five days and is reportedly attended by more than 20,000 people a year . Venues include the AMPAS , Writers Guild , Chinese Theater and The Clarity Theatre . The festival winds up with the black tie awards ceremony . In 2013 the festival was launched internationally with an event in Tokyo .   The BHFF emphasizes awards to first-time filmmakers . On the final night of the Festival , the jury ( usually made up of film professionals from all over the globe ) presents its awards , including the Golden Palm Award for best picture , at a black-tie gala at the Four Seasons Beverly Wilshire Hotel .

neg: Goats (film) Goats is a 2012 comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Neil and written by Mark Poirier based on his 2000 novel Goats . The film stars David Duchovny , Vera Farmiga , Graham Phillips , Keri Russell , Justin Kirk , and Ty Burrell . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2012 , and was given a limited release in the United States on August 10 , 2012 by Image Entertainment .

neg: The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council .   Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers .   In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .

neg: Palm Springs Festival of Festivals Palm Springs Festival of Festivals used to take place in October/November Palm Springs , California .   It was established in 2001 by Craig Prater , Executive Director , as a showcase of short and feature films as a challenge to the longer-standing Palm Springs International Film Festival , of which Prater had previously been director .   The festival aimed to attract all ages of the community , with the inclusion of a four-day International Children 's Film Festival complete with a youth panel of jurors and awards created by elementary age children to acknowledge participants . All profits from the Children 's Festival were donated to the Children 's Museum of the Desert .   The Palm Springs chapter of Women in Film sponsored the award ceremony . Awards included Best Female Director , Best New Director , The Hadassah Award , The Passion Latino Award , Best Jewish Film , The Diversity Awareness Award , Audience Awards and the Vision Award , given to the best digital film .


query: The Chainsmokers is a country-pop duo.

pos: The Chainsmokers The Chainsmokers are an American DJ/producer duo consisting of Andrew Taggart and Alex Pall . The EDM-pop duo achieved a breakthrough with their 2014 song '' #Selfie '' , which was a top twenty single in several countries . Their debut EP , Bouquet was released in October 2015 and featured the single `` Roses '' , which reached the top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Do n't Let Me Down '' became their first top 5 single there and won the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording at the 59th awards ceremony , while `` Closer '' became their first number-one single on the chart . They have also won an American Music Award and five iHeartRadio Music Awards .   The duo 's second EP Collage was released in November 2016 , consisting of several previously released singles . Their debut studio album Memories ... Do Not Open was released in April 2017 .

neg: The Highwaymen (country supergroup) The Highwaymen was a country music supergroup composed of four of the genre 's biggest artists well known for their pioneering influence on the outlaw country subgenre : Johnny Cash , Waylon Jennings , Willie Nelson , and Kris Kristofferson . Active as a group between 1985 and 1995 , these four artists recorded three major label albums as The Highwaymen : two on Columbia Records and one for Liberty Records . Their Columbia works produced three chart singles , including the number one `` Highwayman '' in 1985 .   Between the years of 1996 and 1999 , Nelson , Kristofferson , Cash , and Jennings also provided the voice and dramatization for the Louis L'Amour Collection , a four CD box set of seven Louis L'Amour stories published by the HighBridge Company , although the four were not credited as `` The Highwaymen '' in this work .   Besides the four formal members of the group , only one other vocal recording artist ever appeared on a Highwaymen recording : Johnny Rodriguez , who provided Spanish vocal on `` Deportee '' , a Woody Guthrie composition , from `` Highwayman '' .   The four original members starred in a movie together : the 1986 film Stagecoach .

neg: Chain gang (disambiguation) A chain gang is a system of labor ( usually forced ) that involves groups of prisoners , chained together , doing menial labor .   Chain gang may also refer to :   Chain gang ( cycling ) , a group of cyclists in a close-knit formation , normally for the purposes of training  The chain crew , the officials on the sidelines of an American football game who carry the first-down indicators connected by chains  Chain Gang , fanclub name for WWE wrestler John Cena  Chain ganging , a jargon term in the field of international relations describing the elevated probability for inter-state conflict  A collective noun for a group of mayors , council chairmen and other civic dignitaries wearing their chains of office  In music   Chain Gang , an experimental punk rock band from New York City , best known for their '77 `` Son of Sam '' single and their '86 album/film soundtrack `` Mondo Manhattan ''  Chain Gang ( song ) , a 1960 song by R&B singer Sam Cooke  `` Chain Gang '' , a song by Bobby Scott in the 1950s  `` Chain Gang '' , a B-side song to The Blue Hearts single `` Kiss Shite Hoshii ''  `` Back on the Chain Gang '' , a song by The Pretenders  `` Livin ' on a Chain Gang '' , a song by the heavy metal band Skid Row  `` Chain Gang is the Click '' , a song by John Cena and tha Trademarc from their 2005 album You Ca n't See Me  In film , radio and television  I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang , a classic American movie that was based on a true story of a man who escaped twice from a prison chain gang in Georgia , USA  The Chain Gang , a 1930 film by Walt Disney starring Mickey Mouse  The Chain Gang ( radio series ) , a British radio series  Chain Gang ( Only Fools and Horses ) , an episode of the BBC sit-com Only Fools and Horses  Chain Gang , a 1950 film directed by Lew Landers and starring Douglas Kennedy .  Chain Gang , a 1984 3D film  In literature  Chain Gang ( DC Comics )  `` Chain Gang '' , a poem by Patti Smith from her 1978 book Babel

neg: Jump 'N the Saddle Band Jump 'N the Saddle Band was a country pop group from Chicago , Illinois . They scored a regional hit with the novelty song `` The Curly Shuffle '' in 1983 , a tribute to The Three Stooges . As the tune gained popularity on radio , the group signed to Atlantic Records and released a self-titled album , composed mostly of covers , in 1984 . `` The Curly Shuffle '' became a major U.S. hit , peaking at No. 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 that year .   The band entered into negotiations with Atlantic for a follow-up album in 1984 . The label wanted them to record the song `` Shaving Cream '' for their next single , which the band did not favor ; they recorded the song , but with added lyrics critical of the label , and were soon dropped .   Their success was short lived , and the group never had nationwide exposure again . The band continued to play in the Chicago area , still doing shows into the 2000s .

neg: American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key .   Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .

neg: Montgomery Gentry discography Montgomery Gentry is an American country music duo composed of Eddie Montgomery and Troy Gentry . Its discography comprises eight studio albums , four compilation albums , one extended play , and twenty-six singles . The duo made its debut in 1999 with the single `` Hillbilly Shoes , '' which went to number 13 on the Hot Country Songs charts , but did not reach Number 1 until mid-2004 , with `` If You Ever Stop Loving Me . '' The duo has sent four more singles to Number One for a total of five : `` Something to Be Proud Of '' ( 2005 ) , `` Lucky Man '' ( 2007 ) , `` Back When I Knew It All '' and `` Roll with Me '' ( both 2008 ) . Besides these , Montgomery Gentry has reached Top Ten with 10 additional hit singles . All 15 of these songs have also crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100 , where the duo 's highest peak is `` If You Ever Stop Loving Me '' at number 30 .   Montgomery Gentry 's first , third and fourth albums -- 1999 's Tattoos & Scars , 2002 's My Town and 2004 's You Do Your Thing -- are all certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for shipments of one million copies . 2001 's Carrying On , 2005 's Something to Be Proud Of : The Best of 1999 -- 2005 and 2006 's Some People Change are all certified gold .

neg: Rose's Pawn Shop Rose 's Pawn Shop is an Americana , rock , folk and bluegrass band from Los Angeles , California . Their debut album The Arsonist was released in May 2006 . The band tours several times each year throughout the United States but has recently put a hold on touring to record a new album coming 2013 .   On their new album Gravity Well , the fiercely independent young quintet known as Rose 's Pawn Shop deliver a rousing , honest set that demonstrates exactly why this multi-talented , multi-instrumental L.A.-based fivesome has quickly risen from humble D.I.Y. origins to national notoriety , winning a fiercely loyal fan base in the process .   The 12 new tunes that comprise Gravity Well -- produced by Ted Hutt , renowned for his work with the likes of the Dropkick Murphys , Gaslight Anthem and the Old Crow Medicine Show -- make it clear why Rose 's Pawn Shop has earned such a fervent following . The band 's catchy , anthemic songcraft channels the raw emotional power of America 's folk , country and bluegrass traditions and puts them through a modern filter , creating timelessly resonant music .   Frontman Paul Givant 's heartfelt , engaging songwriting surveys such time-honored subjects as heartache , loss , regret and redemption , echoing centuries of musical tradition while still sounding wholly contemporary . Despite the lyrics ' often-dark subject matter , the music is consistently uplifting , thanks to the musicians ' infectious instrumental interplay and soaring three - and four-part harmonies . The ensemble makes innovative use of banjo , fiddle , mandolin and upright bass , while maintaining an edgy swagger .   `` I think that this music exists on two different levels , '' notes singer , guitarist and main songwriter Givant , adding , `` The songs are passionate and emotional , and sometimes sad and heartbreaking . But at the same time , the energy of the music makes you want to get up and dance and release all of that pent-up energy . ''   Rose 's Pawn Shop 's musical and emotional depth is apparent on such lyrically and melodically compelling new tunes as `` What Were You Waiting For ? , '' `` Staring At the Door '' and `` On the Brink , '' which merge equal amounts of country twang and punk adrenaline . Meanwhile , gentler numbers like `` Go Get Gone , '' `` Stay All Night '' and the cinematic title track explore more introspective territory , and a memorable reading of the Dock Boggs standard `` Country Blues '' affirms the group 's instinctive understanding of its vintage influences .   Growing up in the 1990s , Paul Givant absorbed a wide array of music , yet he was drawn most deeply to traditional folk and bluegrass , and inspired by the music 's ability to illuminate the tragedies and triumphs of everyday life . The influence of those genres loomed large when Givant began writing songs himself .   Through various mutual friendships , chance meetings and some help from Craigslist , Givant eventually connected with kindred musical spirits John Kraus , Tim Weed , Stephen Andrews and Christian Hogan , whose musical expertise , instrumental versatility and organic rapport were ideally suited to Givant 's expansive musical vision .   `` The original intent , '' Givant explains , `` was to be kind of a bluegrass version of the Pogues , fusing bluegrass instrumentation and energy with rock and punk . That 's what our first album was like : gritty , high-energy and passionate , with a lot of instrumental virtuosity . But over time , we 've evolved to be more song-focused . I think we 've retained that original energy , but now we 're more focused on crafting our arrangements so the song can shine though . ''   The nascent combo got its name after Rose , Givant 's ex-girlfriend and former bandmate , stole the band 's equipment from their rehearsal space and scattered their gear amongst various pawn shops throughout North Hollywood . Fortunately , the musicians were able to recover their gear , and soon forged a formidable musical chemistry that manifested itself in their highly charged live shows , and on their 2010 release Dancing on the Gallows .   Rose 's Pawn Shop 's lineup solidified and began touring intensively in time to support Dancing on the Gallows , accumulating such landmarks as month-long residencies at New York 's Parkside Lounge and L.A. 's Redwood Bar , busking in New Orleans ' fabled Jackson Square , live radio sessions on such prestigious stations as KEXP in Seattle and WMBR in Boston , well-received appearances at various prestigious music festivals , and a slot opening for Jack White 's Raconteurs , at White 's invitation , at the Henry Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles .   Dancing on the Gallows spent several weeks on CMJ 's influential album chart , while receiving extensive national and international airplay on college , AAA , country and alternative radio formats . Meanwhile , the band 's diligent roadwork -- which has taken them across North America several times , along with visits to the U.K. and Ireland -- has allowed Rose 's Pawn Shop to continue winning fans and friends across the nation and around the world .   `` Our travels have had a big influence on our evolution , '' Givant states . `` Meeting other bands and meeting people from all over the world at our shows has had a big influence on our songwriting , and opened us up to new musical traditions . Seeing the world in general and being away from home for long periods of time has influenced many of our songs . It 's matured us , as people and as a band . ''   Rose 's Pawn Shop 's ongoing musical journey yields considerable musical rewards on Gravity Well , making it clear that the band 's creative horizons are unlimited .   `` We 've always been about the music and the songs , and the expression of the human experience through music , '' says Givant . `` But we 've matured as musicians over time , and I think that that 's been reflected in the music . We 've learned that we do n't all have to play crazy at all times , and we 've learned to pick our moments to shine and deliver the songs in the most clear , concise and passionate way possible . ''

neg: Drew Davis Band The Drew Davis Band was an American country music group established in 2001 by Drew Davis ( lead vocals , guitar ) , Mike Drake ( guitar , harmonica , fiddle ) , Loren Ellis ( banjo , guitar , mandolin , vocals ) , Jay Hawks ( drums ) , Mo Levone ( bass guitar , vocals ) , and Roger Malinkowski ( air guitar ) .   In 2004 , the band competed in and won the Colgate Country Showdown ; shortly afterward , they were signed to Windswept Publishing , with a self-titled EP being released that year . Eventually , they were transferred to 903 Music , a short-lived record label founded by Neal McCoy ; upon the label 's closure in 2007 , the band was transferred to Lofton Creek Records . Both Mike Drake and Jay Hawks have since left the group . The band 's debut single , `` Back There All the Time '' , has entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts . It was included on both their self-titled EP and on their 2008 album Crossroads . Roger Malinowski left the band in 2009 .   The Drew Davis Band was featured on an episode of Gene Simmons Family Jewels on August 9 , 2009 . The episode also featured a guest appearance by Trace Adkins .

neg: Mountain Soul Mountain Soul is the eleventh album of original recordings by Patty Loveless . The album was recorded between January and March 2001 and was released on June 26 in the United States . It first charted on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart on July 14 ( peaking on July 28 at # 19 ) , and remaining on the charts for 87 weeks until March 8 , 2003 . Other country superstars also have done `` You 'll Never Leave Harlan Alive '' such as Kathy Mattea and Brad Paisley . A follow up album , Mountain Soul II was released in September 2009 .   The album also charted on the main Top Billboard 200 chart , Top Bluegrass Album chart and the Top Internet Albums chart .   Rhapsody ranked the album # 9 on its `` Country 's Best Albums of the Decade '' list .   Country Universe , ranked the album # 10 .   Engine 145 country music blog list it # 6 on the `` Top Country Albums of the Decade '' list .

neg: Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes .   Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .

neg: In Pieces In Pieces is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Garth Brooks . It was released on August 31 , 1993 . It debuted at # 1 on the Billboard 200 and the Top Country Albums chart . It was also a huge hit outside the United States . In Great Britain it was Brooks ' highest placed album on the charts . It reached the top ten of the country album charts before it was issued officially ( due to imports from both the United States and Ireland ) . Critics felt that this would ruin the album 's sales once it was issued . However , when it was eventually issued in Britain in early 1994 it went to # 1 on the country charts and reached # 2 in the pop charts and also produced two top 40 hit singles on the British pop charts .   The track `` Callin ' Baton Rouge '' was previously a # 37 peaking single in 1987 for the New Grass Revival , whose members back Brooks on his rendition . It was the first time the group had recorded together since they disbanded in 1989 .   In an interview with BBC Radio DJ Richard Wooton , Brooks stated that the track `` The Cowboy Song '' ( which was composed in 1987 by Roy Robinson ) was found in a trash can by someone on his team who liked the song and played the track to him .

neg: The Kinleys The Kinleys were an American country music duo composed of identical twin sisters Heather and Jennifer Kinley ( born November 5 , 1970 ) . Between 1997 and 2000 , they recorded two albums for the Epic Records label ( 1997 's Just Between You and Me and 2000 's II ) , also charting eight singles on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs charts in that timespan . A third album , All in the Family , was issued in 2004 on the independent Identical label .

neg: Chain Reaction (1960s band) Chain Reaction , also known as The Strangeurs , was an American rock band from Yonkers , New York . They had two singles and were most notable for having lead singer Steven Tallarico ( Steven Tyler , as he would later come to be known ) . They started off as the Strangers , until finding a group who already had that name , switching to The Strangeurs as a result . After a line-up change they changed their name to Chain Reaction .   Chain Reaction performed in concert as the opening act for such groups as The Beach Boys , The Byrds and The Yardbirds . The band 's 1966 song `` When I Needed You '' appeared on Aerosmith 's 1991 compilation box set album Pandora 's Box .

neg: Dancin' Cowboys `` Dancin ' Cowboys '' is a song written by David Bellamy , and recorded by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers . It was released in May 1980 as the second single from the album You Could Get Crazy . `` Dancin ' Cowboys '' was The Bellamy Brothers third number one on the country chart . The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart .

neg: Thomas Rhett Thomas Rhett Akins , Jr. ( born March 30 , 1990 ) , better known by his stage name Thomas Rhett , is an American country music singer and songwriter . He is the son of American country music singer and songwriter Rhett Akins . Rhett has released two studio albums for Big Machine Records ' Valory Music imprint : It Goes Like This ( 2013 ) and Tangled Up ( 2015 ) . These albums have produced ten singles on the Hot Country and Country Airplay charts , with seven reaching the No. 1 position on the latter : `` It Goes Like This '' , `` Get Me Some of That '' , `` Craving You '' , `` Make Me Wan na '' , `` Crash and Burn '' , `` Die a Happy Man '' , `` T-Shirt '' , and `` Star of the Show '' . In addition to much of his own material , Rhett has also written singles for Jason Aldean , Lee Brice , and Florida Georgia Line .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal The Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal was awarded from 1970 to 2011 . The award has had several minor name changes :   In 1970 the award was known as Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group  From 1971 to 1981 it was awarded as Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group  From 1982 to the present it has been awarded as Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal   The award was discontinued after the 2011 Grammy Awards in a major overhaul of Grammy categories . From 2012 , all duo or group performances in the country category were shifted to the newly formed Best Country Duo/Group Performance category .   Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .

neg: The Band Perry The Band Perry is an American music group composed of siblings Kimberly Perry ( lead vocals , guitar , piano ) , Reid Perry ( bass guitar , background vocals ) , and Neil Perry ( mandolin , drums , accordion , background vocals ) . They signed to Republic Nashville in August 2009 and released their self-titled debut album on October 12 , 2010 . From this album , `` If I Die Young '' reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts and has been certified 6x multi-platinum . Their second album , Pioneer , was released April 2 , 2013 . It produced additional number one singles in `` Better Dig Two '' and `` Done '' , plus the top 10 hits `` Do n't Let Me Be Lonely '' and `` Chainsaw '' . In the spring of 2016 , the trio parted ways with the Big Machine Label Group and later signed to Interscope Records . In July 2016 , Neil , Reid , and Kimberly appeared on Celebrity Family Feud .

neg: Gene & Debbe Gene and Debbe were a pseudo-pop/country duo hailing from Nashville , Tennessee .   They had some brief successes on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart . Gene Thomas ( born Gene Thomasson on 28 December 1937 , Palestine , Texas , died 26 August 2012 in Fredericksburg , Texas ) and had some minor success in the early 1960s with the songs `` Sometime '' and `` Baby 's Gone '' . After the latter , he dabbled in writing music for a few years . His songs have been performed or covered by numerous other country singers including Waylon Jennings , Kenny Rogers and Everly Brothers as well as Tina Turner ! the . After a few years , Gene met with aspiring crooner , Debbe Neville , ( or Nevills as some sources say ) . In an Everly Brothers style of harmonizing , they launched a career at Acuff-Rose music , singing romantic country style pop melodies .   They were signed to a recording contract with the subsidiary of Hickory Records ( Sue Thompson , Don Gibson , The Newbeats etc. ) , TRX , where they recorded their two biggest hits , `` Go With Me '' and `` Playboy '' . The latter had an eventual combined sales figure of one million discs being awarded a gold record in June 1968 .  After hitting the charts with `` Playboy '' at No. 17 , they both faded into chart ( but not musical ) obscurity .   The couple produced one album Hear and Now ( catalogue number TRX LPS 1001 ) in 1968 , which is a rarity to find . It contains the single `` Playboy '' .   Gene Thomas died on August 26 , 2012 of lung cancer at the age of 74 .

neg: Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) .   Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president .   Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially .   The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn .   In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 .   Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician .   The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years .   In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .

neg: The O'Kanes The O'Kanes was an American country music duo , composed of Jamie O'Hara and Kieran Kane . Active between 1986 and 1990 , the duo recorded three albums for Columbia Records and charted seven singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles ( now Hot Country Songs ) charts , including the Number One `` Ca n't Stop My Heart from Loving You '' . Kane charted seven singles of his own in the early 1980s , and O'Hara won a Grammy Award for co-writing `` Grandpa ( Tell Me ` Bout the Good Ol' Days ) '' , a Number One hit for The Judds . After they disbanded in 1990 , both members pursued solo careers , and Kane founded a record label called Dead Reckoning Records .

neg: Waycross (band) Waycross was an American country music duo composed of Ted Moxley and Ben Stennis . Moxley and Stennis met at a writer 's showcase in Nashville , Tennessee . Their debut single , `` Nineteen , '' peaked at number 54 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in 2007 .