query: Following was written only by Steven Spielberg.

pos: Following Following is a 1998 British neo-noir crime drama film written and directed by Christopher Nolan . It tells the story of a young man who follows strangers around the streets of London and is drawn into a criminal underworld when he fails to keep his distance .   As Christopher Nolan 's debut feature , it was designed to be as inexpensive as possible to make . Scenes were heavily rehearsed so that just one or two takes were needed to economise on 16mm film stock , the production 's greatest expense ; and for which Nolan was paying from his salary . Unable to afford expensive professional lighting equipment , Nolan mostly used available light . Along with writing , directing , and photographing the film , Nolan also helped in editing and production .

neg: Following (song) `` Following '' is a song by American pop band The Bangles . The acoustic ballad carries vocals by Michael Steele , who composed the song . In 1987 Following was the fifth and final single released off their album Different Light ( 1986 ) .

neg: The Lost World: Jurassic Park (console game) The Lost World : Jurassic Park is an action-adventure video game developed by DreamWorks Interactive and Appaloosa Interactive , and published by Electronic Arts and Sega for the Sony PlayStation and Sega Saturn , respectively , in 1997 . The Lost World : Jurassic Park is based on the film of the same name , which in turn is based on the novel by Michael Crichton . In 1998 a special edition of the game was released for the Sony PlayStation as a Greatest Hits title and featured several modifications to the gameplay .

neg: For Your Eyes Only (soundtrack) For Your Eyes Only is the soundtrack for the 12th James Bond film of the same name .   The theme song was written by Bill Conti ( music ) and Michael Leeson ( lyrics ) , and performed by Sheena Easton . The song was later nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe in 1982 . Easton also made Bond film history as the first ( and , to date , only ) artist to perform the theme song on-screen during the opening title sequence .   Originally , the band Blondie was approached to write and perform the theme song for the film . They produced a song also called For Your Eyes Only that they turned in to the producers , however , this was rejected because the company wanted the Conti song and the band refused , and subsequently asked Easton to record an entirely new theme . Blondie eventually released their song on the 1982 album The Hunter . The track Make It Last All Night , performed by Rage and used for the scene at hitman Gonzales ' Spanish poolside , is notable for lyrics more suggestive than in almost any other Bond film .   The soundtrack was composed by Bill Conti , since the series ' regular composer , John Barry , was unable to work in the UK for tax reasons ( he , like many high earning Britons , had become a tax exile in the 1970s ) . Barry had recommended Conti as a possible alternative . Conti 's score is notable for its use of disco elements ( which prompted Danny Biederman to write in the liner notes to the two-CD releaseThe Best of James Bond : 30th Anniversary Limited Edition , `` Conti 's largely disco-styled score feels more like a celebration of the music of the moment than a score of durability '' ) . During the main ski chase sequence ( the track Runaway ) , Conti showed that he had versed himself in the previous Bond films ' music , as his manages to evoke memories of the music from previous ski action in both OHMSS and The Spy Who Loved Me . This , Conti 's only contribution to the series to date , was released as an album concurrent with the film 's release and later on a bootleg compact disc in combination with John Barry 's music from Octopussy . When the soundtrack was officially released on CD in the year 2000 , six bonus tracks were added that further showed Conti 's versatile approach to the film , aiding the production in its return to a tougher , more realistic James Bond . Not released but also heard in the film is a brief homage to John Williams ' familiar theme from Jaws , when an unseen underwater horror ( it is revealed to be an attacker in a J.I.M. diving suit ) approaches within the sunken ship . This was the third Bond film in a row to wittily include familiar music from a classic film . Additionally , notes from the title song to The Spy Who Loved Me , `` Nobody Does It Better '' , can be heard as the tones of a key code for a security door early in the film .

neg: Bonnie Curtis Bonnie Kathleen Curtis ( born March 26 , 1966 ) is an American film producer whose credits include Saving Private Ryan , A.I. , Minority Report , and The Lost World : Jurassic Park , directed by Steven Spielberg . Her first solo project was the 2005 release The Chumscrubber . She then joined Mockingbird Pictures with partner Julie Lynn in 2011 . Curtis and Lynn produced Albert Nobbs , which was nominated for three Academy Awards . Curtis is a co-recipient of the 1999 Producers Guild Award for Motion Picture Producer of the Year , for Saving Private Ryan . On March 12 , 2015 , Curtis was inducted into the Texas Film Hall of Fame . Spielberg congratulated her via video message during the ceremony .

neg: Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe .   Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine .   The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .

neg: Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games .   Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .

neg: Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles .   Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action .   Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .

neg: Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .

neg: Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life .   Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack .   The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film .   It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 .   The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .

neg: The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster .   The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .

neg: The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 .   The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album .   The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . ''   Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album .   Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .

neg: Carnosaur (film) Carnosaur is a 1993 American science fiction horror film written and directed by Adam Simon . The film stars Diane Ladd , Raphael Sbarge , Jennifer Runyon , and Harrison Page . The film 's plot revolves around a mad scientist who plans to recreate dinosaurs and destroy humanity . The film is loosely based on the 1984 novel Carnosaur by John Brosnan ( under the pseudonym of Harry Adam Knight ) . The book and film have little in common , with the exception of the villain 's same basic motive , and the explicit gore and violence . It was the only film based on a Brosnan novel to be produced in America .   The film was released to theaters on May 21 , 1993 by Concorde Films , just four weeks before the larger-scale blockbuster Jurassic Park . As a result , Carnosaur may be considered a `` mockbuster '' . Diane Ladd 's daughter Laura Dern was one of the stars of Jurassic Park . The film was a financial success , grossing $ 1,753,979 at the box office on a budget of $ 850,000 . Critical reception was poor however , with film critic Roger Ebert naming it the worst movie of 1993 .   The film 's financial success spawned two official sequels , Carnosaur 2 in 1995 and Carnosaur 3 : Primal Species in 1996 . The second film fared poorly at the box office and the remainders were released direct-to-video . Stock footage from the first three films was used in the spin-offs Raptor and The Eden Formula .

neg: Spy Hard Spy Hard is a 1996 American spy comedy film parody starring Leslie Nielsen and Nicollette Sheridan , parodying James Bond films and other action films . The introduction to the movie is sung by comedy artist `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . It is the first film to be written by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . The film 's title is a pun of Die Hard . The film is directed by Rick Friedberg and produced by Doug Draizin and Jeffery Knovitz .   The film was released by Buena Vista Pictures on May 24 , 1996 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics . While many praised Nielsen 's acting and its humor , most found the script , story and its direction lame . The film eventually grossed $ 26 million against a production budget of $ 18 million , making it a relative success .

neg: Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair is a simulation game created and published by Knowledge Adventure for Windows and Macintosh . It was released in 1996 in the United States of America .   In the game , the player is guided by film director Steven Spielberg ( appearing as himself ) through the comprehensive process of moviemaking , including scriptwriting , filming , and editing , using pre-generated film clips featuring Jennifer Aniston , Quentin Tarantino , Katherine Helmond , and Penn & Teller , among others . The game features advice from Hollywood professionals such as editor Michael Kahn , special effects supervisor Michael Lantieri , and cinematographer Dean Cundey . The game was produced by Roger Holzberg , who directed Spielberg in scenes in which Spielberg himself appeared .

neg: Night Skies Night Skies was a science fiction horror film that was in development in the late 1970s , but was never actually made . Steven Spielberg conceived the idea after Close Encounters of the Third Kind . Instead , material developed at the time was used in Poltergeist and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial .

neg: Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' .   Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .

neg: Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists .   Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack .   The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .

neg: Steven Conrad Steven Conrad ( born 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , film producer and director .

neg: Steve Gordon (director) Steve Gordon ( 1938 -- November 27 , 1982 ) was an American screenwriter and film director who is best known for writing and directing the 1981 comedy Arthur , starring Dudley Moore . Gordon died in New York City on November 27 , 1982 , from a heart attack . He was 44 years old .   Gordon was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Arthur . The film not only marked his directorial debut , but his only work as a film director . He had written only one previous feature film , The One and Only ( 1978 ) , starring Henry Winkler , after having spent several years writing for television .

neg: A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder .   Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman .   A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .


query: The G1 Climax is held in Japan.

pos: G1 Climax __ NOTOC __  The G1 ( Grade One ) Climax is a professional wrestling tournament held each August by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling promotion . The G1 draws standing room only crowds each night , record receipt gates and generates front-page coverage on the sports sections of several of the daily newspapers in Tokyo . Though it has sometimes been held as a single-elimination tournament , it is usually ( and currently ) held as a round-robin , with winners from two blocks wrestling in the final to decide that year 's winner . In its current format , the tournament lasts four weeks . The winner of each block is determined by a points system ; two points for a victory , one point for a draw , and zero points for a loss .

pos: New Japan Pro-Wrestling , operating as and sometimes referred to as NJPW or simply New Japan , is a major Japanese puroresu or professional wrestling promotion founded in January 1972 by Antonio Inoki . In 2005 , Inoki sold the promotion to Yuke 's , who later sold it to Bushiroad in 2012 . Naoki Sugabayashi has served as the Chairman of the promotion since September 2013 , while Katsuhiko Harada has served as the President of the promotion since February 2016 .   Owing to its TV program aired on TV Asahi , NJPW is the largest professional wrestling promotion in Japan and the second largest promotion in the world . It was affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance at various points in its history . NJPW has had agreements with various MMA and professional wrestling promotions around the world , including WWE , World Championship Wrestling , American Wrestling Association , World Class Championship Wrestling , Total Nonstop Action Wrestling , WAR , UWFi , Ring of Honor , Pride Fighting Championships , and Jersey All Pro Wrestling . NJPW 's biggest event is the January 4 Tokyo Dome Show , held each year since 1992 and currently promoted under the Wrestle Kingdom banner .

neg: Yasuo Fukuda was the 58th Prime Minister of Japan , serving from 2007 to 2008 . He was previously the longest-serving Chief Cabinet Secretary in Japanese history , serving for three and a half years ( 2000 -- 2004 ) under Prime Ministers Yoshirō Mori and Junichiro Koizumi .   Following the resignation of Prime Minister Shinzō Abe , Fukuda was elected as President of the Liberal Democratic Party and became Prime Minister in September 2007 . Fukuda was the first son of a former Japanese Prime Minister ( Takeo Fukuda ) to also take up the post .   On 1 September 2008 , Fukuda announced his resignation , triggering another LDP leadership election .   Although Japan hosted the G8 summit meeting without mishap during Fukuda 's time in office , he himself earned little or no credit from ordinary Japanese , and when he resigned , he became the first of the G8 leaders to leave office .

neg: Tokyo Global Concert is a music event aimed at the promotion of arts and culture and international development held in Tokyo , Japan inviting renowned opera singers from both Japan and overseas .   It has been organized by the International Foundation for Arts and Culture ( IFAC ) , a not-for-profit organization with Haruhisa Handa as its chairman , created as an opportunity for the purpose of enjoying classical music free of charge under the concept for a wish for more people to enjoy and love classical music .

neg: Seibu Prince Dome ( originally named Seibu Lions Stadium ) is stadium located in Tokorozawa , Saitama , Japan . It is the home field of the Saitama Seibu Lions professional baseball team .   The stadium has a roof over the field and the stands , like other indoor ballparks . However , it lacks a wall behind the stands so that natural air comes into the field . This makes it possible for home runs to leave the stadium , something not possible in typical domed stadiums .   The stadium was built in 1979 without the roof and named as the new home field of the Lions that moved from Fukuoka to Tokorozawa that year . The installation of the roof took place in two phases : the first phase after the 1997 season , and the second phase after the 1998 seasons . At the beginning of the 1998 season , the stadium was renamed Seibu Dome although the domed roof had not completed yet .   On March 1 , 2005 , the stadium was named as Invoice Inc. bought the naming rights of the stadium for the next two seasons .  Upon expiration of the previous contract , on January 1 , 2007 , the name was changed again to to reflect the sponsorship of Goodwill Group , Inc. . The naming rights contract with Goodwill was intended to remain in effect for five years .   Although Seibu Dome was still the official name of the stadium , the stadium and media used the sponsored name almost exclusively during this period . However , at the end of 2007 , as both the stadium and minor team naming right of Goodwill were seized due to Goodwill 's illegal business movements , the Dome 's name was restored to Seibu Dome in 2008 .   The stadium is located in front of Seibukyūjō-mae Station , the terminal station of the Seibu Sayama Line railway ( a branch of the Seibu Ikebukuro Line connecting Tokorozawa with Tokyo ) and the Seibu Yamaguchi Line people mover . Both lines are operated by Seibu Railway , the owner of the stadium and the Lions .   Queen performed at the arena for their Hot Space Tour in 1982 . New Japan Pro Wrestling held the finals of the 2014 G1 Climax on August 10 , 2014 , at the arena .

neg: Japan Gold Disc Award The Japan Gold Disc Awards for Music sales in the Recording Industry Association of Japan , is major music awards held annually in Japan also released as a CD .

neg: Japan Figure Skating Championships The Japan or All-Japan Figure Skating Championships are a figure skating national championship held annually to determine the national champions of Japan . Skaters compete in the disciplines of men 's singles , ladies singles , pair skating , and ice dancing , although not every discipline has been held every year due to a lack of competitors . Skaters compete at the senior level ; Junior level skaters compete at the Japan Junior Figure Skating Championships .

neg: Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association The , abbreviated JAMMA , is a Japanese trade association headquartered in Tokyo .   JAMMA is run by representatives from various arcade video game manufacturers , including Namco Bandai , Sega , Taito , Tecmo , Capcom , Konami and Atlus , among others .   Until 1 April 2012 , JAMMA stood for . The corporation was renamed after they merged with the Nihon Shopping Center Amusement Park Operator 's Association ( NSA ) and the Japan Amusement Park Equipment Association ( JAPEA ) .   Before 2012 , JAMMA had been organizing an annual trade fair called the Amusement Machine Show for many years . In 2013 , they began collaborating with the Amusement Machine Operators ' Union ( AOU ) , who had their own trade show , to promote a new event : the Japan Amusement Expo .

neg: GLM Co. Ltd. GLM Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese electric sportscar automaker , based in Kyoto , Japan . The company was initially founded in 2010 .

neg: Music of Japan The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern . The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 ( ongaku ) , combining the kanji 音 `` on '' ( sound ) with the kanji 楽 `` gaku '' ( enjoy ) . Japan is the largest physical music market in the world , with US$ 2 billion in 2014 and the second largest overall music market , with a total retail value of 2.6 billion dollars in 2014dominated by Japanese artists , with 37 of the top 50 best selling albums and 49 of the top 50 best selling singles in 2014 .   Local music often appears at karaoke venues , which is on lease from the record labels . Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western music as it is often based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing .

neg: Jewels 5th Ring Jewels 5th Ring was a mixed martial arts ( MMA ) event held by MMA promotion Jewels . The event took place on at Shinjuku Face in Kabukicho , Tokyo , Japan .

neg: Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT) The Global Health Innovative Technology Fund ( GHIT Fund ) , headquartered in Japan , is an international public-private partnership between the Government of Japan ( Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ) , 16 pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies ( Astellas , Chugai , Eisai , Daiichi Sankyo , Fujifilm , GlaxoSmithKline , Johnson & Johnson , Kyowa Hakko Kirin , Merck Group , Mistubishi Tanabe , Nipro , Otsuka , Shionogi , Sumitomo Dainippon , Sysmex and Takeda ) , the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the Wellcome Trust and United Nations Development Programme . It funds scientific research and development for anti-infectives and diagnostics for diseases that primarily affect the developing world . Bill Gates has noted that `` GHIT draws on the immense innovation capacity of Japan 's pharmaceutical companies , universities and research institutions to accelerate the creation of new vaccines , drugs and diagnostic tools for global health . '' Margaret Chan , Director-General of the World Health Organization , said : `` The GHIT Fund has stepped in to provide that incentive in a pioneering model of partnership that brings Japanese innovation , investment and leadership to the global fight against infectious disease . ''   The GHIT Fund is the first public-private partnership fund to involve a national government , a UN agency , a consortium of pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies , and international philanthropic foundations .   The public-private partnership model , the inclusion of a whole pharmaceutical sector and the structure of individual research projects across sectors and national boundaries are all aimed at reducing the R&D risk to any one entity and to ensure that findings are open to all . Another key opportunity the GHIT Fund has created has been to help open the doors of Japan 's public and private drug compound libraries to product development partnerships , which makes possible the screening of tens of thousands of drug candidates for potential new treatments .   The participating companies view their investments into neglected diseases through the Fund as a long-term investment into the future , rather than charity . They see the Fund as a necessary catalyst for having allowed them to pursue this line of research .

neg: WSOF Global Championship 1: China World Series of Fighting Global Championship 1 : China was a mixed martial arts event held in Haikou , China .

neg: Osaka Gas , commonly written as 大阪ガス , is a Japanese gas company based in Osaka , Japan . It supplies gas to the Kansai region , especially the Keihanshin area .   Osaka Gas is also engaged in upstream , midstream and downstream energy projects throughout the world , including LNG terminals , pipelines and independent power projects , particularly in Southeast Asia , Australia and North America .

neg: Japanese Grand Prix The is a race in the calendar of the FIA Formula One World Championship . Historically , Japan has been one of the last races of the season , and as such the Japanese Grand Prix has been the venue for many title-deciding races , with 13 World Champions being crowned over the 30 World Championship Japanese Grands Prix that have been hosted .   The first two Japanese Grands Prix in 1976 and 1977 were held at the Fuji Speedway , before Japan was taken off the calendar . It returned in 1987 at Suzuka , which hosted the Grand Prix exclusively for 20 years and gained a reputation as one of the most challenging F1 circuits . In 1994 and 1995 , Japan also hosted the Pacific Grand Prix at the TI Circuit , making Japan one of only seven countries to host more than one Grand Prix in the same season ( the others being Great Britain , France , Spain , Germany , Italy and the USA ) . In 2007 the Grand Prix moved back to the newly redesigned Fuji Speedway . After a second race at Fuji in 2008 , the race returned to Suzuka in 2009 , as part of an alternating agreement between the owners of Fuji Speedway and Suzuka Circuit , perennial rivals Toyota and Honda .  However , in July 2009 , Toyota announced it would not host the race at Fuji Speedway in 2010 and beyond due to a downturn in the global economy , and so the Japanese Grand Prix was held at Suzuka instead . Suzuka has hosted the Japanese Grand Prix every year since 2009 .

neg: Japan Association of Athletics Federations The is the national governing body for the sport of athletics in Japan .

neg: Japan Cup (cycling) For the thoroughbred racehorse event , see Japan Cup .   The Japan Cup Cycle Road Race is an annual professional road bicycle racing classic one-day race held in the city of Utsunomiya in Japan since 1992 . The race usually held in October each year . It is sanctioned by the International Cycling Union ( UCI ) as a 1 . HC ( hors category ) race as part of the UCI Asia Tour .   The race is held at a circuit around the Utsunomiya Forest Park where 1990 UCI Road World Championships took place .   Japan Cup was a round of 1996 UCI Road World Cup .   Since 2010 , an exhibition criterium race Japan Cup Criterium is held in downtown Utsunomiya on the day before the UCI road race .

neg: Group One Group One , Group 1 Grade I or G1 is the term used for the highest level of Thoroughbred and Standardbred stakes races in many countries . In Europe , the level of races for Thoroughbred racing is determined using the Pattern race system introduced in 1971 and monitored by the European Pattern Committee . To attain or maintain a Group One status , the average rating for the first four finishers in the race must be 115 or higher over a three year period . The International Federation of Horseracing Authorities works to ensure consistent international standards . Group One races may only be restricted to age groups or a stipulated sex : they should not be restricted to horses bred in a certain country ( though there are regional exceptions to this rule ) . Group One ( G1 ) races may be run under handicap conditions in Australia , but in Europe weight-for-age conditions always apply .   In the United States , Canada , Japan , South Africa , and British National Hunt racing `` Grade I '' is used instead . Race grading was introduced in North America in 1974 .   These races , whether designated as `` Group One '' or `` Grade I '' , are of international importance and attract the best horses . They also offer very large stake money . For example , the minimum purse for a Grade I race in North America in 2016 was $ 300,000 . The minimum purse for a Group I race in Australia for 2016 was A$ 350,000 .

neg: Jewels 4th Ring Jewels 4th Ring was a mixed martial arts ( MMA ) event hosted by promotion Jewels . The event took place on at Shin-Kiba 1st Ring in Koto , Tokyo , Japan .

neg: Wrestle-1 Grand Prix Wrestle-1 Grand Prix is a professional wrestling tournament run by the Wrestle-1 promotion in Japan . It was inaugurated in 2015 .   The tournament takes its name from a similar tournament done by the Wrestle-1 joint venture cards in 2005 ; however that tournament never finished , as the promotion broke up in October 2 of that year , before the semifinals could take place .

neg: Japan Game Awards Japan Game Awards ( 日本ゲーム大賞 , nihon gemu taisho ) is the Japanese Ministry of Economy , Trade and Industry 's awards ceremony for the Japanese video game industry created in 1996 as CESA Awards ( Computer Entertainment Supplier 's Association ) .   In 2006 , the METI launched a five-year plan called `` Game Industry Strategy '' to promote Japan 's domestic industry against increasing foreign developers competition , especially from North America and Europe , as well as South Korea in terms of online gaming .


query: One fantasy novel is what inspired Game of Thrones (season 1).

pos: Game of Thrones (season 1) The first season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 17 , 2011 , at 9.00 pm in the U.S. , and concluded on June 19 , 2011 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 55 minutes . The series is based on A Game of Thrones , the first novel in the A Song of Ice and Fire series by George R. R. Martin , adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO had ordered a television pilot in November 2008 ; filming began the following year . However , it was deemed unsatisfactory and later reshot with some roles being recast . In March 2010 , HBO ordered the first season , which began filming in July 2010 , primarily in Belfast , Northern Ireland , with additional filming in Malta .   The story takes place in a fictional world , primarily upon a continent called Westeros , with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos . Like the novel , the season initially focuses on the family of nobleman Eddard Stark , who is asked to become chief advisor to his king and longtime friend , Robert Baratheon . Ned must find out who killed the previous Hand of the King , Jon Arryn , while trying to protect his family from their rivals the Lannisters . He uncovers the dark secrets about the Lannisters that his predecessor died trying to expose . Meanwhile , in Essos , the exiled Viserys Targaryen , son of the former king , believes he still has the rightful claim to the throne .   Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Bean , Addy , Peter Dinklage , Lena Headey , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Michelle Fairley and Iain Glen . Newer actors were cast as the younger generation of characters , such as Kit Harington , Sophie Turner and Maisie Williams .   Critics praised the show 's production values and cast , with specific accolades for Dinklage 's portrayal of Tyrion Lannister . The first season won two of the thirteen Emmy Awards for which it was nominated , for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series ( Dinklage ) and Outstanding Main Title Design . It also received a nomination for Outstanding Drama Series . Bean and Emilia Clarke also received individual accolades , as did Ramin Djawadi for music . U.S. viewership rose by approximately 33 % over the course of the season , from 2.2 million to over 3 million by the finale .

neg: Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes .   Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .

neg: List of Fighting Fantasy gamebooks Fighting Fantasy is a series of single-player fantasy roleplay gamebooks created by Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone . The first volume in the series was published by Puffin in 1982 , with the rights to the franchise eventually being purchased by Wizard Books in 2002 . The series distinguished itself by featuring a fantasy role-playing element , with the caption on each cover claiming each title was `` a Fighting Fantasy gamebook in which YOU are the hero ! '' The popularity of the series led to the creation of merchandise such as action figures , board games , role-playing game systems , magazines , novels and video games .

neg: List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty .   Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .

neg: Gilly (A Song of Ice and Fire) Gilly is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones .   Introduced in 1998 's A Clash of Kings , she is a wildling from the wild lands north of the Wall . She subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Storm of Swords , A Feast for Crows , A Dance with Dragons and will appear in the upcoming novel The Winds of Winter .   Gilly is portrayed by Hannah Murray in the HBO television adaptation .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: Enchantment (novel) Enchantment is an English language fantasy novel written by Orson Scott Card . First published in 1999 , the novel is based on the Russian version of Sleeping Beauty and other folk tales . Various forms of magic , potions , and immortal deities also play an important role in the story .

neg: The Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid 's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood . Set in a near-future New England , in a totalitarian theocracy that has overthrown the United States government , the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence . The novel 's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer 's The Canterbury Tales , which comprises a series of connected stories ( `` The Merchant 's Tale '' , `` The Parson 's Tale '' , etc. ) .   The Handmaid 's Tale won the 1985 Governor General 's Award and the first Arthur C. Clarke Award in 1987 ; it was also nominated for the 1986 Nebula Award , the 1986 Booker Prize , and the 1987 Prometheus Award . The book has been adapted into a film ( 1990 ) , an opera ( 2000 ) , a TV series ( 2017 ) , and other media .

neg: A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well .   Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature .   The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes .   A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .

neg: Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books .   The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide .   In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .

neg: Prose Tristan The Prose Tristan is an adaptation of the Tristan and Iseult story into a long prose romance , and the first to tie the subject entirely into the arc of the Arthurian legend . It was also the first major Arthurian prose cycle commenced after the widely popular Lancelot-Grail ( Vulgate Cycle ) , which influenced especially the later portions of the Prose Tristan .   According to the prologue , the first part of the book ( i.e. everything before the Grail material ) is attributed to the otherwise unknown Luce de Gat , and were probably begun between 1230 and 1235 . The work was expanded and reworked sometime after 1240 . In the epilogue , a second author names himself as `` Helie de Boron , '' asserting that he is the nephew of the first author of the Arthurian Grail cycles , poet Robert de Boron . Helie de Boron claims , like the so-called authors of the Roman de la Rose , to have picked up the story where Luce left off . Neither the biographies of the two authors , nor the claim that they had been translating the work from a Latin original are taken seriously by scholars .

neg: Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions .   Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original .   Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .

neg: Glorantha Glorantha is a fantasy world created by Greg Stafford . It was first introduced in the board game White Bear and Red Moon ( 1975 ) by Chaosium , and thereafter in a number of other board , roleplaying and computer games , including RuneQuest and HeroQuest , as well as several works of fiction and the computer strategy game King of Dragon Pass . The Gloranthan world is characterised by its complex use of mythology , heavily influenced by the universalist approaches of Joseph Campbell and Mircea Eliade , its Howardian ethos , its long and distinctive history as a setting for role-playing games , its community development and expansion , and ( unusual among early American fantasy role-playing games ) its relative lack of Tolkienesque influence .   Stafford began imagining Glorantha in 1966 as a way to deepen his own understanding of mythology . He founded the company Chaosium to publish the board wargame White Bear and Red Moon in 1974 ( other sources say 1975 ) , which was set in Glorantha . Chaosium later published other games in the setting , including the critically acclaimed RuneQuest . Various later editions of RuneQuest , the narrative role-playing game HeroQuest ( the first edition of which was published as Hero Wars ) , and the video game King of Dragon Pass were also set in Glorantha , as were several prominent fan efforts . Stafford has also explored the Gloranthan setting in the fantasy novel King of Sartar and a number of unfinished works published under the collective name of `` the Stafford Library '' .   In Glorantha , magic operates from the everyday level of prayers and charms to the creation and maintenance of the world . Heroes make their way in the world , and may also venture into metaphysical realms to gain knowledge and power , at the risk of body and soul . In the more recent material competing magical outlooks , such as theism , shamanism and mysticism , exist to explain the world . Within each metaphysical system , adherents may also compete - such as when theistic worshipers of rival gods battle each other . The world is flat , with a dome-like sky , and it has been shaped in large and small ways by the mythic actions of the gods . The ` historical ' world of Glorantha is in a more or less fallen state , having recovered only partially from a universal battle against Chaos in the mythic Godtime .   Humans are the dominant race , but other sentient beings abound . Some , such as the mystic dragonewts , are unique to Glorantha . Familiar nonhuman races , such as elves and dwarves , are distinct from their common , Tolkienesque portrayals .

neg: Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One .   The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series .   The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .

neg: Dragonsdale Dragonsdale is a fantasy novel written by The Two Steves ( Steve Barlow and Steve Skidmore ) under the pen name `` Salamanda Drake '' and published by Scholastic in 2007 .   There is one sequel , Riding the Storm ( 2008 ) . ISFDB catalogues the two novels as the Dragonriders of Bresal series .

neg: Tales of the Vampires Tales of the Vampires is a five issue American comic book limited series ( later collected in a single trade paperback ) , published by Dark Horse Comics and set in the Buffyverse . It comprises an anthology of short stories written by Joss Whedon , Jane Espenson , Ben Edlund , and Drew Goddard . Each story tells the tale of one or more Buffyverse vampires , and the otherwise unrelated collection is strung together by a bridging story written by Whedon .   The anthology is presented as a series of stories told by an ancient vampire to a group of young Watchers . Tales of the Vampires is the tale of that storytelling session and functions as a bridge among the other items in the anthology . The stories in this series are generally considered to be an official part of the Buffyverse canon .   Dark Horse published a new one-shot special based on the Tales of the Vampires concept by Becky Cloonan , Vasilis Lolos , Gabriel Bá and Fabio Moon in June 2009 . Specifically , this one-shot is a tie-in with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight storyline following `` Harmonic Divergence '' in which vampires become very popular with the public at large .

neg: Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million .   The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki .   Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner .   Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .

neg: Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being .   After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know .   When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life .   Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . ''   Category : American children 's novels  Category :1991 American novels

neg: Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series .   Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter .   In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .

neg: Throne of Glass Throne of Glass is a young adult high fantasy novel series by American author Sarah J. Maas , beginning with the inaugural entry of the same name . The story follows the journey of Celaena Sardothien , a teenage assassin in a corrupted kingdom with a tyrannical ruler . As the tale progresses , Celaena forms unexpected bonds and uncovers a conspiracy amidst her adventures . The series has appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list . It has been optioned for a TV series by Mark Gordon and will premiere on Hulu .

neg: Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series .   Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .