query: The United States is over 3 million square miles.

pos: United States The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions .  Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse .   At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco .   Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties .   The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations .   The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .

neg: District of Columbia statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) .   Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including a combined statistical area and a metropolitan statistical area in the District of Columbia . The district has no counties or other legal subdivisions . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas .  thumb | 578px | An enlargeable map of the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia , DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area  __ TOC __

neg: American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation .   Author William Herberg offers the following definition :   One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' .   In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''

neg: List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem) The main stems of 38 rivers in the United States are at least 500 mi long . The main stem is `` the primary downstream segment of a river , as contrasted to its tributaries '' . The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) defines a main-stem segment by listing coordinates for its two end points , called the source and the mouth . Well-known rivers like the Atchafalaya , Willamette , and Susquehanna are not included in this list because their main stems are shorter than 500 miles .   Seven rivers in this list cross or form international boundaries . Two -- the Yukon and Columbia rivers -- begin in Canada and flow into the United States . Three -- the Milk and Saint Lawrence rivers and the Red River of the North -- begin in the United States and flow into Canada . Of these , only the Milk River crosses the international border twice , leaving and then re-entering the United States . Two rivers , the Colorado and the Rio Grande , begin in the United States and flow into or form a border with Mexico . In addition , the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers extend into Canada , and the basin of the Gila River extends into Mexico .   Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision . Biologist and author Ruth Patrick , describing a table of high-discharge U.S. rivers , wrote that data on discharge , drainage area , and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted . `` It seems , '' she said , `` that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers , and not to place too much importance on minor ( 10 -- 20 % ) differences in figures . ''

neg: National Landscape Conservation System The National Landscape Conservation System ( now known as the National Conservation Lands ) is a 35 e6acre collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West . These lands represent 10 % of the 258 e6acre managed by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) . The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40 % of all the federal public land in the nation . The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service ( USFS ) , National Park Service ( NPS ) , and the US Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS ) .   Over the years , the Bureau of Land Management has had to adjust its approach to public land management to fit the changing needs of the nation . The BLM historically has managed lands under its jurisdiction for extractive uses , such as mining , logging , grazing , and oil and gas production . In 1983 , Congress acknowledged the value of watersheds , wildlife habitat , recreation , scenery , scientific exploration and other non-extractive uses with the designation of the first BLM-managed wilderness area -- the Bear Trap Canyon unit of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness in Montana . In 1996 , President Clinton underscored non-extractive priorities on BLM lands when he established the first national monument to be administered by the BLM -- the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah . With this and several similar designations , a new focus emerged that would become part of how the agency looks at the land it manages : the protection of special areas where conservation and restoration of the landscape and its biological or cultural resources is the overriding objective .   The Bureau of Land Management 's National Landscape Conservation System , better known as the National Conservation Lands , was created in 2000 with the mission to `` conserve , protect , and restore these nationally significant landscapes that have outstanding cultural , ecological , and scientific values for the benefit of current and future generations . ''   There are ten different federal conservation designations for the units that make up the National Conservation Lands :   National Monument  National Conservation Area  Wilderness Area  Wilderness Study Area  National Wild and Scenic River  National Scenic Trail  National Historic Trail  Cooperative Management and Protection Area  Forest Reserve  Outstanding Natural Area   The Conservation System was created in 2000 , but without Congressional authorization , there was no guarantee that the System would be permanent . The National Landscape Conservation System Act was signed into law in March 2009 . The Act permanently unified the individual units as a public lands System , protecting the System in law so that it would no longer exist at the pleasure of each president . This marked the first new congressionally authorized public lands system in decades .   The Conservation System act was included in the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 , which also added 1200000 acre of new designations to the System , including a National Monument , three National Conservation Areas , Wilderness , Wild and Scenic Rivers and National Scenic Trails .

neg: List of the major 3000-meter summits of the United States The following sortable table comprises the 302 mountain peaks of the United States with at least 3000 m of topographic elevation and at least 500 m of topographic prominence .   The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways :  The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level .  The topographic prominence of a summit is a measure of how high the summit rises above its surroundings .  The topographic isolation ( or radius of dominance ) of a summit measures how far the summit lies from its nearest point of equal elevation .   In the United States , only Denali exceeds 6000 m elevation . Four major summits exceed 5000 m , nine exceed 4500 m , 104 major summits exceed 4000 m , 220 exceed 3500 m , and the following 302 major summits exceed 3000 m elevation .   __ TOC __

neg: List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities .   These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education .   Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students .   In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System .   However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system .   There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) .   Notes :  As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' .  The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively .  To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire .  The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system .  To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list .  To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .

neg: Arizona census statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) .   Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including six metropolitan statistical areas and four micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Arizona . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 15 counties of Arizona .  thumb | right | 468px | An enlargeable map of the 15 counties of the State of Arizona  __ TOC __

neg: Geography of Oklahoma The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains . Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions , more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin . One of six states on the Frontier Strip , it is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states . Usually considered part of the South Central United States , Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri , on the north by Kansas , on the northwest by Colorado , on the far west by New Mexico , and on the south and near-west by Texas .   The state has four primary mountain ranges : the Arbuckle Mountains , the Wichita Mountains , the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains . Part of the U.S. Interior Highlands region , the Ozarks and Ouachitas form the only major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians .   A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma , and in the state 's southeastern corner , Cavanal Hill is officially regarded as the world 's tallest hill ; at 1,999 feet ( 609 m ) , it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot . More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma 's waterways , and with 200 lakes created by dams , it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation .  Oklahoma covers an area of 69,898 sqmi , with 68,667 sqmi of land and 1,231 sqmi of water , making it the 20th-largest state in the United States . Generally , it is divided into seven geographical regions : Green Country , or Northeast Oklahoma , Southeastern Oklahoma , Central Oklahoma , South Central Oklahoma , Southwest Oklahoma , Northwest Oklahoma , and the Oklahoma Panhandle .

neg: Louisiana statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) .   Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including 7 combined statistical areas , 8 metropolitan statistical areas , and 17 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Louisiana . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 64 parishes of Louisiana .  thumb | 521px | An enlargeable map of the 64 parishes of the State of Louisiana  __ TOC __

neg: Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment .   The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria .   Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl .   Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .

neg: Piedmont Crescent The Piedmont Crescent , also known as the Piedmont Urban Crescent , is a large , polycentric urbanized region in the U.S. state of North Carolina that forms the northern section of the rapidly developing Piedmont Atlantic megalopolis ( or `` megaregion '' ) , a conurbation also known as the `` I-85 Boombelt '' , which extends from the Raleigh area ) to Atlanta , Georgia in the southeastern United States .   Residents commonly attribute development of the Crescent communities to the Indian Trading Path and related settlements established by indigenous peoples long before European contact . The Trading Path was also used by European traders , and later by settlers entering the backcountry regions of the piedmont of North Carolina , South Carolina and Georgia .   Forming the shape of a crescent in North Carolina , the region is located in the central Piedmont area of the state . European-American settlement progressed generally from the east to the west , from what is now metropolitan Raleigh-Durham and the Research Triangle area at its eastern edge , through the Piedmont Triad cities of Greensboro and Winston-Salem at its center , and southwest to metropolitan Charlotte . This region has undergone sustained population and economic growth ( acutely in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas ) since the late 19th century , a trend that has accelerated since the late 20th century . It is notable as the fourth-largest manufacturing region in the country , as well as an international center of banking and finance , textiles , biotech and high technology .   The region includes seven of North Carolina 's eight largest cities and encompasses many smaller cities , towns and suburban areas , as well as the metropolitan centers of the Research Triangle , Piedmont Triad , and Charlotte Metropolitan Area . It is home to almost two-thirds of North Carolina 's population . Ten major universities -- Duke , NC State , UNC Chapel Hill , UNC Charlotte , NC Central , Wake Forest , UNC-Greensboro , NC A&T State University , Elon University and High Point University -- and three international airports ( CLT , RDU and GSO ) , as well as the world-renowned Research Triangle Park , also are located in the region . Its three Combined Statistical Areas have a total population of about 6 million people ( Raleigh-Durham , 1.98 million ; Greensboro , High Point , Winston-Salem , 1.66 million ; and Charlotte , 2.62 million ) , together representing over 63 % of the state 's total population .   The Piedmont Crescent name is thought to have been coined when the North Carolina Railroad company first laid tracks through the area in 1855-56 . The railway , which was named the `` Piedmont Crescent Railroad '' , brought extensive growth to the communities along its route . These evolved to comprise today 's interlinked urbanized region . Although the freight and passenger rail corridor remains of critical importance , the region 's Interstate 85 and Interstate 40 freeway system serves as its primary transportation link today .

neg: List of urbanized areas in Florida (by population) The United States Census Bureau defines an Urbanized Area to be `` one or more places ( ` central place ' ) and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory ( ` urban fringe ' ) that together have a minimum of 50,000 persons . '' There are a number of rules specifying what is included in the urban fringe , but it `` generally consists of contiguous territory having a density of at least 1,000 persons per square mile '' . Urbanized Areas often form the cores of Metropolitan Statistical Areas , and as they comprise census tracts rather than local political subdivisions ( counties , in Florida ) , they are generally smaller than the corresponding Metropolitan Statistical Area . A Metropolitan Statistical Area may have more than one Urbanized Area within its boundaries , and an Urbanized Area may extend into more than one Metropolitan Statistical Area .   As of 2010 , the US Census Bureau has defined thirty Urbanized Areas in Florida .

neg: Place (United States Census Bureau) The United States Census Bureau defines a place as a concentration of population which has a name , is locally recognized , and is not part of any other place . A place typically has a residential nucleus and a closely spaced street pattern , and it frequently includes commercial property and other urban land uses . A place may be an incorporated place ( a self-governing city , town , or village ) or it may be a census-designated place ( CDP ) . Incorporated places are defined by the laws of the states in which they are contained . The Census Bureau delineates CDPs . A small settlement in the open countryside or the densely settled fringe of a large city may not be a place as defined by the Census Bureau . As of the 1990 Census , only 26 % of the people in the United States lived outside of places .

neg: History of the United States The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians . Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12 , 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas , or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier . In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans .   Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive , mostly from England , after 1600 . The Spanish built small settlements in Florida and the Southwest , and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast . By the 1770s , thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains . After the end of the French and Indian Wars in the 1760s , the British government imposed a series of new taxes , rejecting the colonists ' argument that any new taxes had to be approved by them ( see Stamp Act 1765 ) . Tax resistance , especially the Boston Tea Party ( 1773 ) , led to punitive laws ( the Intolerable Acts ) by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts . American Patriots ( as they called themselves ) adhered to a political ideology called republicanism that emphasized civic duty , virtue , and opposition to corruption , fancy luxuries and aristocracy .   Armed conflict began in 1775 as Patriots drove the royal officials out of every colony and assembled in mass meetings and conventions . In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress declared that there was a new , independent nation , the United States of America , not just a collection of disparate colonies . With large-scale military and financial support from France and the military leadership of General George Washington , the American Patriots won the Revolutionary War . The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River ( except Florida and Canada ) . The central government established by the Articles of Confederation proved ineffectual at providing stability , as it had no authority to collect taxes and had no executive officer . Congress called a convention to meet secretly in Philadelphia in 1787 . It wrote a new Constitution , which was adopted in 1789 . In 1791 , a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights . With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief political and financial adviser , a strong central government was created . When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France , doubling the size of the United States . A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812 .   Encouraged by the notion of Manifest Destiny , federal territory expanded all the way to the Pacific . The U.S. always was large in terms of area , but its population was small , only 4 million in 1790 . Population growth was rapid , reaching 7.2 million in 1810 , 32 million in 1860 , 76 million in 1900 , 132 million in 1940 , and 321 million in 2015 . Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even faster . However , compared to European powers , the nation 's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940 . The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners . The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles , which were resolved by compromises . Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason -- Dixon line by 1804 , but the South continued to profit off the institution , producing high-value cotton exports to feed increasing high demand in Europe . The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln was on a platform of ending the expansion of slavery and putting it on a path to extinction .   Seven cotton-based deep South slave states seceded and later founded the Confederacy four months before Lincoln 's inauguration . No nation ever recognized the Confederacy , but it opened the war by attacking Fort Sumter in 1861 . A surge of nationalist outrage in the North fueled a long , intense American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) . It was fought largely in the South as the overwhelming material and manpower advantages of the North proved decisive in a long war . The war 's result was restoration of the Union , the impoverishment of the South , and the abolition of slavery . In the Reconstruction era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) , legal and voting rights were extended to the freed slave . The national government emerged much stronger , and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights . However , when white Democrats regained their power in the South during the 1870s , often by paramilitary suppression of voting , they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy , and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting , a situation that continued for decades until gains of the civil rights movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights .   The United States became the world 's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe . The national railroad network was completed with the work of Chinese immigrants and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest . Mass dissatisfaction with corruption , inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement , from the 1890s to 1920s , which led to many social and political reforms . In 1920 , the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women 's suffrage ( right to vote ) . This followed the 16th and 17th amendments in 1913 , which established the first national income tax and direct election of US senators to Congress . Initially neutral during World War I , the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and later funded the Allied victory the following year .   After a prosperous decade in the 1920s , the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression . Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs for relief , recovery , and reform . The New Deal , which defined modern American liberalism , included relief for the unemployed , support for farmers , Social Security and a minimum wage . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the United States entered World War II along with Britain , the Soviet Union , China , and the smaller number of Allied nations . The U.S. financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater . Its involvement culminated in using the newly invented nuclear weapons on Japanese cities that helped defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater .   The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers after World War II . During the Cold War , the US and the USSR confronted each other indirectly in the arms race , the Space Race , proxy wars , and propaganda campaigns . US foreign policy during the Cold War was built around the support of Western Europe and Japan along with the policy of containment , stopping the spread of communism . The US joined the wars in Korea and Vietnam to try to stop its spread . In the 1960s , in large part due to the strength of the civil rights movement , another wave of social reforms were enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities . Native American activism also rose . The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991 , leaving the United States as the world 's only superpower .   After the Cold War , the United States focused on international conflicts around the Middle East in response to the Gulf War in the early 1990s . The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001 , which would later followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2008 , the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression , which has been followed by slower than usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s .

neg: Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit The roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit comprise the main thoroughfares in the region . The freeways consist of an advanced network of interconnecting freeways which include Interstate highways . The Metro Detroit region 's extensive toll-free freeway system , together with its status as a major port city , provide advantages to its location as a global business center . There are no toll roads in Michigan .   Detroiters may refer to freeways by the formal name more often where one has been designated rather than route number . Other freeways without formal names are known by the number such as I‑275 and M‑59 . M‑53 , while not officially designated may be locally referred to by its name `` Van Dyke '' . Detroit area freeways are typically sunken below ground level to permit local traffic to pass over the freeway and for appearance .   Following a historic fire in 1805 , Judge Augustus B. Woodward devised a plan similar to Pierre Charles L'Enfant 's design for Washington , D.C. . Detroit 's monumental avenues and traffic circles fan out in a baroque styled radial fashion from Grand Circus Park in the heart of the city 's theater district , which facilitates traffic patterns along the city 's tree-lined boulevards and parks . The ` Woodward plan ' proposed a system of hexagonal street blocks , with the Grand Circus at its center . Wide avenues , alternatively 200 ft and 120 ft , would emanate from large circular plazas like spokes from the hub of a wheel . As the city grew these would spread in all directions from the banks of the Detroit River . When Woodward presented his proposal , Detroit had fewer than 1,000 residents . Elements of the plan were implemented . Most prominent of these are the five main `` spokes '' of Woodward , Michigan , Gratiot , Grand River and Jefferson Avenues .   The Mile Road System in Metro Detroit and Southeast Michigan facilitates ease of navigation in the region . It was established as a way to delineate east -- west roads through the Detroit area and the surrounding rural rim . The Mile Road system , and its most famous road , 8 Mile Road , came about largely as a result of the Land Ordinance of 1785 , which established the basis for the Public Land Survey System in which land throughout the Northwest Territory was surveyed and divided into survey townships by reference to a baseline ( east -- west line ) and meridian ( north -- south line ) . In Southeast Michigan , many roads would be developed parallel to the base line and the meridian , and many of the east -- west roads would be incorporated into the Mile Road System .   The Mile Road System extended easterly into Detroit , but is interrupted , because much of Detroit 's early settlements and farms were based on early French land grants that were aligned northwest-to-southeast with frontage along the Detroit River and on later development along roads running into downtown Detroit in a star pattern , such as Woodward , Jefferson , Grand River , Gratiot , and Michigan Avenues , developed by Augustus Woodward in imitation of Washington , D.C. 's system . As Detroit grew , several Mile Roads were given new names within the city borders , while some roads incorporated as part of the Mile Road System have traditionally been known by their non-mile names . It is unclear if they ever bore mile numbers formally .   The baseline used in the survey of Michigan lands runs along 8 Mile Road , which is approximately eight miles directly north of the junction of Woodward Avenue and Michigan Avenue in downtown Detroit . As a result , the direct east -- west portion of Michigan Avenue , and M‑153 ( Ford Road ) west of Wyoming Avenue , forms the `` zero mile '' baseline for this mile road system .   The precise point of origin is located in Campus Martius Park , marked by a medallion embedded in the stone walkway . It is situated in the western point of the diamond surrounding Woodward Fountain , just in front of the Fountain Bistro .

neg: South Dakota South Dakota ( -LSB- saʊθ_dəˈkoʊtə -RSB- -LSB- -LSB- ˌsɑʊθ dəˈko̞ɾə -RSB- -RSB- ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States . It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes , who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory . South Dakota is the 17th most expansive , but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States . Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory , South Dakota became a state on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with North Dakota . Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 171,000 , is South Dakota 's largest city .   South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota ( on the north ) , Minnesota ( to the east ) , Iowa ( to the southeast ) , Nebraska ( on the south ) , Wyoming ( on the west ) , and Montana ( to the northwest ) . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves , known to residents as `` East River '' and `` West River '' . Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state 's population , and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops . West of the Missouri , ranching is the predominant agricultural activity , and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending . Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux , are located in the southwest part of the state . Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination , is located there . South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west . The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome .   Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia , with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century . In the late 19th century , European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east . Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 . Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense , and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming .   While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level , the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle , South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents . South Dakota 's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state .

neg: List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) .   The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .

neg: List of the highest major summits of the United States The following sortable table comprises the 200 highest mountain peaks of the United States with at least 500 m of topographic prominence .   The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways :  The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level .  The topographic prominence of a summit is a measure of how high the summit rises above its surroundings .  The topographic isolation ( or radius of dominance ) of a summit measures how far the summit lies from its nearest point of equal elevation .   In the United States , only Denali exceeds 6000 m elevation . Four major summits exceed 5000 m , nine exceed 4500 m , 104 exceed 4000 m , 220 exceed 3500 m , and 302 major summits exceed 3000 m elevation .   __ TOC __

neg: List of belt regions of the United States The belt regions of the United States are portions of the country that share certain characteristics . The `` belt '' terminology was first applied to growing regions for various crops , which often follow lines of latitude because those are more likely to have similar climates . The allusion was to a long clothing belt , as seen on a map .   The usage has expanded to other climatic , economic , and cultural concentrations . These regions are not formally defined ; they frequently overlap and have vague borders . The terminology is also used outside the U.S. ( e.g. , India 's Hindi Belt ) .

neg: Laurentide Ice Sheet The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers , including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States , multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs -- from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present . < ref  name = `` ICS2013 '' > </ref> The last advance covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day , and among other geomorphological effects , gouged out the five Great Lakes and the hosts of smaller lakes of the Canadian shield . These lakes extend from the eastern Northwest Territories , through most of northern Canada , and the upper Midwestern United States ( Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan ) to the Finger Lakes , through Lake Champlain and Lake George areas of New York , across the northern Appalachians into and through all of New England and Nova Scotia . At times , the ice sheet 's southern margin included the present-day sites of northeastern coastal towns and cities such as Portsmouth , New Hampshire , Boston , New York City , and Great Lakes coastal cities and towns as far south as Chicago and St. Louis , Missouri -- and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills , beyond which it merged with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet . The ice coverage extended approximately as far south as 38 degrees latitude in the mid-continent .


query: Patricia Clarkson acts in No Reservations.

pos: No Reservations (film) No Reservations is a 2007 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Scott Hicks . Starring Catherine Zeta-Jones , Aaron Eckhart and Abigail Breslin , the screenplay by Carol Fuchs is an adaptation of an original script by Sandra Nettelbeck , which served as the basis for the 2001 German film Mostly Martha , and revolves around a hard-edged chef whose life is turned upside down when she decides to take in her young niece following a tragic accident that killed her sister . Patricia Clarkson , Bob Balaban and Jenny Wade co-star , with Brían F. O'Byrne , Lily Rabe , and Zoe Kravitz -- appearing in her first feature film -- playing supporting roles .   The film received a mixed reception by critics , who found it `` predictable and too melancholy for the genre '' , resulting in a 41 % overall approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes . Upon its opening release on July 27 , 2007 in the United States and Canada , No Reservations became a moderate commercial success : The film grossed $ 12 million in its opening weekend , eventually grossing over $ 43 million at the domestic box-office and over $ 92 million worldwide . Breslin was nominated for a Young Artist Award for her performance .

neg: Patricia Mauceri Patricia Mauceri ( born April 7 , 1950 ) is an American actress most recognized for her role as Carlotta Vega on the ABC soap opera , One Life to Live .

neg: Gotham Independent Film Awards 2010 The 20th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 29 , 2010 . The nominees were announced on October 18 , 2010 . The ceremony was hosted by Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci .

neg: Margaret Clarkson Margaret Clarkson ( born August 13 , 1941 ) was born in Rotherham England and trained as an artist at Rotherham School of Art and Bromley College of Art . Later she became an art teacher in South Yorkshire . Clarkson works mainly with water colours and is best known for nostalic scenes set in 1940s and 1950s England .   She is known for her paintings , limited edition prints and greeting cards which have been exhibited in galleries and art retail outlets throughout UK , including the National Trust in England , Wales and Northern Ireland . Commissions of her work have included book illustrations such as in the autobiography Life in a Liberty Bodice . Random recollections of a Yorkshire childhood . Clarkson is a member of the Fine Art Trade Guild and was a finalist in their Best Selling Published Artist awards in 2006 , 2007 and 2008 .

neg: No Place Like Home (Wentworth) `` No Place Like Home '' is the first episode of Wentworth . The episode primarily centres around Bea Smith . This episode introduced the major characters Bea , Franky , Liz , Doreen , Jacs , Vera , Erica , Will , Boomer , Harry and Debbie . The main plot of the episode centers around Bea trying to fit into prison life while it tells her story of her being regularly abused by her husband . Other storylines feature the rivalry between Jacs and Franky which results in a riot which kills governor Meg Jackson .

neg: Central Reservation (song) `` Central Reservation '' is a song by Beth Orton , released as a single in 1999 . It was released as the second single from the album of the same title , using the `` Then Again version '' of the song instead of the original acoustic version . It peaked at # 37 in the UK Singles Chart .   A video to promote the single was filmed in New York City , produced by Sophie Muller .

neg: Pat Klous Patricia `` Pat '' Klous ( born October 19 , 1948 ) is an American television actress and former model , best known for her roles as stewardess Marcy Bower on the CBS TV series Flying High ( 1978 -- 79 ) and as cruise director Judy McCoy on the ABC sitcom The Love Boat ( 1984 -- 86 ) .

neg: Patricia Arquette Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) at the age of eighteen . Her notable films include Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) , Tim Burton 's Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , David O. Russell 's Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , David Lynch 's Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , Stephen Frears 's The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Martin Scorsese 's Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , and Andrew Davis 's Holes ( 2003 ) .   For her performance in Richard Linklater 's Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , she received widespread critical praise and won the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Independent Spirit Award , and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress . Arquette 's Academy Award acceptance speech , which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention , received widespread news coverage .   On television , she played the character Allison DuBois -- based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities -- in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005 -- 11 ) . She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005 . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015 -- 16 ) .

neg: Patricia Potter Patricia Caroline Potter ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an English actress . Best known for her role as Diane Lloyd in the popular BBC medical drama Holby City , Potter has acted on stage , television , and in film . She married her partner , doctor Jim Down , in May 2007 .

neg: Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song) `` Because of You '' is a song recorded by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson for her second studio album , Breakaway ( 2004 ) . It was written by Clarkson along with its producers David Hodges and Ben Moody . It was released on August 16 , 2005 by RCA Records , as the third single from Breakaway . Clarkson originally wrote `` Because of You '' when she was 16 years old to cope with the emotional distress caused by her parents ' divorce . She wanted the song to be included on her debut studio album , Thankful ( 2003 ) , but her record label rejected the song . She then polished the song with Hodges and Moody before successfully convincing her label to include it on Breakaway .   Lyrically , `` Because of You '' explores the pain of a deteriorating relationship with her father . Critics noted that the lyrics are Clarkson 's ode to her father . The song begins with a piano-led melody and as it launches into the chorus , the sound of a roaring guitar becomes apparent . `` Because of You '' received acclaim from music critics , who complimented its expressive lyrics , creative arrangement and Clarkson 's vocal prowess . It peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over 1.5 million digital downloads in the United States . It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Because of You '' became Clarkson 's biggest success in Europe , topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart . It also reached number one in the Netherlands , Denmark and Switzerland , as well as the top ten in Australia , Austria , Canada , Germany , Belgium , Hungary , Ireland , and the United Kingdom .   The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Vadim Perelman . Clarkson wrote the treatment for the video herself in order to reflect the pain that she felt due to her parents ' divorce . The video 's plot centers on Clarkson engaging in a heated argument with her husband in front of her child before realizing that she was repeating her parents ' mistake . It won in the category for Best Female Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards . `` Because of You '' was performed live at numerous venues , including the My December Tour ( 2007 ) as well as the All I Ever Wanted Tour ( 2009 ) . It was covered by several artists including Ronan Parke , who was a runner-up in the fifth series of Britain 's Got Talent , and added to the international soundtrack of Brazilian soap opera Belíssima . In 2007 , the song was recorded by Reba McEntire as a duet with Clarkson , which was released as a lead single for McEntire 's twenty-fourth studio album Reba : Duets . `` Piece by Piece '' , the title track from Clarkson 's seventh studio album , serves as the canonical sequel to `` Because of You '' .

neg: The Nonentity The Nonentity is a 1922 British silent adventure film directed by Sinclair Hill and starring Annette Benson , Hugh Buckler and Daisy Campbell . The screenplay concerns an aristocrat who goes undercover in British India to rescue a woman .

neg: The Jane Show The Jane Show is a Canadian television sitcom produced by Shaftesbury Films that was shown on Global from 2006 to 2007 . The series stars Teresa Pavlinek as Jane Black , an aspiring novelist who takes a corporate job after her life undergoes a major upheaval . Pavlinek was also a cocreator , producer and writer for the series .   The show 's cast also included Patricia Zentilli , Darren Boyd , Kate Trotter , Hardee T. Lineham , Nigel Shawn Williams and Andrew Misle .   Global originally aired the series pilot in December 2004 , but retooled and redeveloped the program before ordering more episodes , which aired in 2006 . The second season aired in 2007 . The show was officially cancelled by Global on June 28 , 2007 .

neg: Be Still (Kelly Clarkson song) `` Be Still '' is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson , from her third studio album , My December ( 2007 ) . Written by Kelly Clarkson and Aben Eubanks , and produced by David Kahne , `` Be Still '' is an acoustic folk blues ballad set moderately slow acoustic and electric guitars . Clarkson wrote the song as an introspective ballad based on her exhaustive experience from touring and promoting her second studio album , Breakaway ( 2004 ) . Inspired by one of her favorite Bible verses , ( `` Be still , and know that I ( God ) am here '' ) , the song is about taking a break from everyday things and taking a moment to appreciate one life .   `` Be Still '' has received positive critical reception from music critics , who praised it as one of the album 's highlights . Clarkson has included the song in the touring set of her My December Tour from 2007-08 .

neg: Patricia Maxwell Patricia Maxwell , née Patricia Anne Ponder ( born March 9 , 1942 near Goldonna , Louisiana ) is a best-selling American author of over fifty novels . A member of the Romance Writers of America Hall of Fame and the Affaire de Coeur Romance Hall of Fame , Maxwell has received numerous awards for her writing . Her first novel in the romance genre , Love 's Wild Desire , became a New York Times Bestseller .   Maxwell has published books under five different names . Using her real name , Patricia Maxwell , she writes Gothic mystery-suspense romances ; she wrote one book in collaboration with Carol Albritton , that was published under Elizabeth Trehearne , under her maiden name , Patricia Ponder , she wrote a murder mystery and a romantic suspense story , as Maxine Patrick , she wrote contemporary romances and as Jennifer Blake she writes historical romances . Many of her books are set in her native Louisiana .

neg: Waiting at the Royal Waiting at the Royal is a 2000 Australian drama film starring Catherine McClements , Noni Hazlehurst , Josephine Byrnes and Jo Kennedy . It is about four women from very different backgrounds sharing a maternity ward .

neg: A Moment Like This `` A Moment Like This '' is the debut single by American singer Kelly Clarkson , the winner of the first season of American Idol . It was released as a double-A side with `` Before Your Love '' and topped the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was later included on her debut album , Thankful ( 2003 ) . It is her coronation song from American Idol .   In 2006 , the song was recorded and released by British singer Leona Lewis , the winner of the third series of The X Factor . Her version gained the Christmas number one , outselling the rest of the top 40 combined . Lewis ' version has sold 914,000 copies as of 2015 .

neg: Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .

neg: Patricia Brooks Patricia Brooks ( November 7 , 1937 -- January 22 , 1993 ) , was a lyric soprano , actress , and opera singer , who performed primarily with the New York City Opera . She was known for her acting ability as much as for her voice .

neg: Another Op'nin', Another Show `` Another Op ` nin ' , Another Show '' is the opening number of Cole Porter 's 1948 musical Kiss Me , Kate .   Sung by a band of players performing a musical adaption of Shakespeare 's The Taming of the Shrew , the song has become regarded as a show business anthem on a level with `` That 's Entertainment ! '' ( from The Band Wagon ) and `` There 's No Business Like Show Business '' ( from Annie Get Your Gun ) . However , it was not included in the 1953 film version of the musical .   Adelaide Hall , playing the role of Hattie , sang Another Op ` nin ' , Another Show on the West-End stage ( 400 times ) when the London production of Kiss Me , Kate opened on 8 March 1951 at the Coliseum Theatre where it ran for 400 performances .   Patricia Morison ( who starred in the original Broadway production of Kiss Me Kate ) , Marin Mazzie , and Hannah Waddingham have all performed versions of the song . It was also the opening number of episode 514 of The Muppet Show

neg: The Secret Policeman's Ball 2008 The Secret Policeman 's Ball 2008 was a show in the Secret Policeman 's Balls series of benefit shows for Amnesty International .   In July 2008 , Amnesty announced that it would present another show in its long-running series Like its 2006 predecessor the show was a single-night live event at London 's Royal Albert Hall , on Saturday 4 October 2008 .   In common with other recent Amnesty benefit shows , the majority of the performers were British ( or UK-based ) and well-known primarily only in Great Britain , the one Canadian comedian Russell Peters appeared via a pre-recorded video-tape . Performers who were listed to perform were :   Frank Skinner  Alan Carr  Graham Norton  Sean Lock  Kristen Schaal  Fearne Cotton  Matt Berry  Katherine Parkinson  Mitchell and Webb  Jason Manford  Shappi Khorsandi  Russell Howard  Russell Peters ( via video-tape )  Katy Brand  Tim Minchin  Sarah Millican  Kayvan Novak  Meera Syal  Sean Williamson  Sharon Horgan  Nick Mohammed  Dan Clark  David Armand  Eddie Izzard  Ed Byrne  Deborah Meaden  Jon Culshaw  Gok Wan  Michael Fenton Stevens  Keane  Razorlight   The 3-hour event was video-taped and a 95-minute television special adapted from the show was broadcast the following day , Sunday 5 October 2008 , on Britain 's Channel Four . There was also a `` cinecast '' in which the Royal Albert Hall event was shown live in 35 cinemas in major British cities . It was also available live in 4 cinemas in Australia . The `` cinecast '' was available in cinemas in six of Canada 's thirteen provinces and territories . The Cineplex cinema chain made the film available on 50 of its 1,317 screens , however Amnesty and Cineplex did not announce the Canadian `` cinecast '' until Wednesday October 1 2008 , just three days before the screenings which did not allow time for the event to be effectively promoted in Canada .

neg: Mary and Martha (film) Mary and Martha is a 2013 British-American television film starring Hilary Swank and Brenda Blethyn , and directed by Phillip Noyce . Based on a screenplay by Richard Curtis , it was produced by Working Title Television , in association with the BBC and NBCUniversal . The film had its UK premiere on March 1 , 2013 on the BBC and premiered in the US on HBO on April 20 , 2013 . based on a true story .


query: Christian Bale was born.

pos: Christian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale ( born 30 January 1974 ) is an English actor . He has starred both in blockbuster films and smaller projects from independent producers and art houses .   Bale first caught the public eye at the age of 13 , when he was cast in the starring role of Steven Spielberg 's Empire of the Sun ( 1987 ) . Based on the original story by J. G. Ballard , Bale played an English boy who is separated from his parents and subsequently finds himself lost in a Japanese internment camp during World War II . In 2000 , he garnered critical acclaim for his portrayal of serial killer Patrick Bateman in American Psycho . He is known for going to great lengths to portray characters in films , notably for the psychological thriller The Machinist ( 2004 ) , where he lost 63 pounds ( 28.5 kg ) to play the role of Trevor Reznik .   Bale went on to receive greater commercial recognition for his starring role as Batman in Christopher Nolan 's Batman Begins ( 2005 ) , The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) and The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) . His portrayal of Dicky Eklund in the David O. Russell-directed biographical film The Fighter ( 2010 ) , earned him critical acclaim and a number of awards , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has since gained further acclaim as well as subsequent Academy Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Russell 's American Hustle ( 2013 ) and Adam McKay 's The Big Short ( 2015 ) .

neg: Christiane Hammacher Christiane Hammacher ( born 1939 in Mannheim , Germany ) is a German actress .

neg: Åke Sandgren Åke Sandgren ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Swedish-Danish film director and screenwriter . He has written and directed a number of films in a variety of genres , mostly in Denmark where he now lives .

neg: Chris Channing Chris Channing ( born Christopher Dean Andrews , 14 April 1962 ) is an English performer , designer and theatre maker . He is based in Emilia-Romagna , Italy .

neg: Detlef Bothe (actor) Detlef Bothe ( born 24 July 1965 ) is a German actor , screenwriter , film director and producer . Since the early 1990s , he has appeared in numerous film and television productions , both German and international . In 2015 , he appeared in the James Bond film Spectre as a henchman , in a scene where he and Q ( Ben Whishaw ) are seen riding a cable car in the Austrian Alps .

neg: Christian Constant Christian Constant ( born 18 May 1950 ) is a French chef and entrepreneur .

neg: Bobby Vitale Bobby Vitale , also known as Bobby Vitali , ( born June 30 , 1965 ) is a retired American pornographic actor of Italian descent . He entered the adult film industry in 1995 and has performed in over 418 titles . His filmography includes films directed by John Leslie . Vitale has directed two adult films .

neg: Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage .   Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .

neg: Basler (fashion) Basler is a German fashion brand founded in Berlin , Germany in 1936 .   Fritz Basler GmbH & Co. . KG was founded by Fritz Basler and his wife Elisabeth , with manufacturing in Kreuzberg , and management in management relocated to Berlin-Charlottenburg . In 1959 , manufacturing moved to Aschaffenburg , Bavaria .

neg: Billy Bales Raymond Arthur ( Billy ) Bales ( born 6 June 1929 in Norwich , Norfolk , England ) was a former international motorcycle speedway rider reached the final of Speedway World Championship in 1955 .

neg: Balthus Balthasar Klossowski de Rola ( February 29 , 1908 -- February 18 , 2001 ) , known as Balthus , was a Polish-French modern artist . He is known for his erotically-charged images of pubescent girls , but also for the refined , dreamlike quality of his imagery .

neg: R. Balki R. Balakrishnan , popularly known as R. Balki ( born in Kumbakonam , Tamil Nadu ) , is an Indian filmmaker , screenwriter and former Group Chairman of the advertising agency Lowe Lintas ( India ) . He is best known for directing Cheeni Kum ( 2007 ) and Paa ( 2009 ) .

neg: Agnes Baltsa Agni Baltsa ( Aγνή Mπάλτσα also known as Agnes Baltsa ; born 19 November 1944 ) is a leading Greek mezzo-soprano singer .   Baltsa was born in Lefkada . She began playing piano at the age of six , before moving to Athens in 1958 to concentrate on singing . She graduated from the Greek National Conservatoire in 1965 and then travelled to Munich to continue studying on a Maria Callas scholarship .   Baltsa made her first appearance in an opera in 1968 as Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro at Frankfurt Opera , before going on to appear as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier at the Vienna State Opera in 1970 . Under the guidance of Herbert von Karajan , she soon became a regular at the prestigious Salzburg Festival . She became Kammersängerin of the Vienna State Opera in 1980 .   Her most well known performance is that of Carmen by Georges Bizet , which she has sung a number of times with noted tenors such as José Carreras , Neil Shicoff , and others . She has also sung works by Mozart ( notably Così fan tutte ) , Rossini ( Il Barbiere di Siviglia , La Cenerentola , Semiramide , L'italiana in Algeri ) , Mascagni ( Cavalleria Rusticana ) , Saint-Saëns ( Samson et Dalila ) , Verdi ( Aida , La forza del destino , Il trovatore , Don Carlos ) , Bellini ( I Capuleti e i Montecchi ) , and Donizetti ( Il Campanello , Maria Stuarda ) .   She also starred in the Austrian film Duett in 1992 , playing an opera singer .

neg: Alexander Bonde Alexander Bonde ( born 12 January 1975 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) is a German politician for Alliance ' 90/The Greens .

neg: Christian Schwarzenegger Christian Schwarzenegger ( born 11 November 1959 in Zürich ) is a Swiss academic lawyer and professor of criminal law , criminal procedure and criminology at the University of Zurich .   He is the son of an Austrian musician and later engineer , who immigrated in the 1950s from Styria to Switzerland . The father of Christian Schwarzenegger is a cousin of Arnold Schwarzenegger , the actor and former governor of California . Christian Schwarzenegger grew up in Zürich . He has been married since 1986 and has a son .

neg: Bac films BAC Films is a French Film production and distribution company based in Paris and founded by Jean Labadie , Éric Heumann and Stéphane Sorlat in 1986 .   In 1988 , Vivendi took first a 10 % , then a 20 % stake in the capital of the company and allowed Bac Films to make major and ambitious acquisitions . The success story started in 1990 with Sailor et Lula , Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival . The releases of Barton Fink and Tous les matins du monde in 1991 , Indochine and Le Zèbre in 1992 , La Leçon de piano in 1993 placed BAC Film at the top of independent film distribution in France .   In 1994 , Bac Films started diversifying its activity with the creation of Les Écrans de Paris , in association with Simon Simsi . In 1997 , the movie theater business is created under the name of Majestic and the group undergoes a reorganization around the Alicar holding : Bac Films ( distribution ) , Majestic ( movie theaters ) and Séance Privée ( special events ) . In 1998 , BAC Films sets up Mars Films allowing BAC Films to distribute its numerous acquisitions .   In 2000 , the group is introduced on the stock market under the name BAC Majestic . Two years later BAC Majestic goes through a major financial crisis and is forced to give up its movie theater business . In 2003 , Millimages takes a majority stake in the company . Jean Labadie , founder of the company is ousted in 2007 and Roch Lener becomes the Chief Executive Officer .   In October 2013 , the company is sold again and David Grumbach becomes the new Chairman .   The catalogue consists of a vast range of French and foreign titles . Since its creation , BAC Films distributed more than of which 8 received the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Charles Bateman (actor) Charles Wilbur Bateman ( born November 18 , 1930 , San Diego , California ) is an American actor most notably recognized for roles on television from 1958 to 1991 .

neg: Humbert Balsan Humbert Jean René Balsan ( 21 August 1954 -- 10 February 2005 ) was a French film producer and chairman of the European Film Academy . He was known for securing financing and distribution for diverse and often challenging films .   In February 2005 , Balsan was found dead in the offices of his production company , Ognon Pictures , in Paris . He was known to have suffered from depression , and killed himself by hanging .

neg: Film and Music Entertainment Film and Music Entertainment is a British film production company based in London UK . The company was founded by Mike Downey and Sam Taylor in 2000 and has since produced films such as Guy X and Deathwatch to name a few .

neg: Christian Skeel Christian Skeel ( born June 8 , 1956 ) is a Danish artist and composer . He lives and works in Copenhagen .

neg: Oscar Carré Trophy The Oscar Carré Trophy ( -LSB- Oscar Carré Trofee , links = no -RSB- ) is a circus award in Netherlands and is named after the Royal Netherland Cirque circus operator Oscar Carré . Most of the time it is based upon the complete oeuvre of the circus .


query: Ben Kingsley is an actor.

pos: Ben Kingsley Sir Ben Kingsley ( born Krishna Pandit Bhanji ; 31 December 1943 ) is an English actor with a career spanning over 40 years . He has won an Oscar , Grammy , BAFTA , two Golden Globes , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . He is known for his starring role as Mohandas Gandhi in the 1982 film Gandhi , for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor . He is also known for his performances in the films Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Twelfth Night ( 1996 ) , Sexy Beast ( 2000 ) , Lucky Number Slevin ( 2006 ) , Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Hugo ( 2011 ) , and Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) .   Kingsley was made a Knight Bachelor at Buckingham Palace in 2002 for services to the British film industry . In 2010 , he was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2013 , he received the BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment .

pos: Screen Actors Guild Award The Screen Actors Guild Award ( also known as the SAG Award ) is an accolade given by the Screen Actors Guild‐American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA ) to recognize outstanding performances in film and primetime television . The statuette given , a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy , is called `` The Actor '' . It is 16 in tall , weighs over 12 lb , is cast in solid bronze , and produced by the American Fine Arts Foundry in Burbank , California .   SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995 . Nominations for the awards come from two committees , one for film and one for television , each numbering 2100 members of the union , randomly selected anew each year , with the full membership ( 165,000 as of 2012 ) available to vote for the winners . It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards . The awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT , and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS .   The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25 , 1995 from Universal Studios ' Stage 12 . The second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium , while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center .

neg: Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor .   A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well .   Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released .   Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . ''   When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines :   Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear ,  Such even the nicest critics must allow  Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now .   Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher --   Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1  Brutus in Julius Caesar  Mosca in Volpone  Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant  Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife  Arbaces in A King and No King  Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy  Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy  Welford in The Scornful Lady  Don John in The Chances   -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden --   Marc Antony in All for Love  Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love  Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe  Celadon in The Maiden Queen  Wildblood in An Evening 's Love  Cortez in The Indian Emperour  Aurelian in The Assignation   -- and by other dramatists --   Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife  Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer  Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem  Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow  Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens  Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus  Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince .   In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards .   Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical

neg: Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage .   Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .

neg: Ben Stephenson Ben Stephenson is an English-born television executive . He was appointed in March 2015 as the Head of Television at J. J. Abrams ' Bad Robot production company in the United States . Formerly he was controller of drama at the BBC from September 2008 , and was succeeded by Polly Hill in May 2015 .

neg: Ben Davis (cinematographer) Benjamin V. `` Ben '' Davis , BSC ( born 1961 ) is an English cinematographer best known for his work with producer-director Matthew Vaughn . His major works include Kick-Ass ( 2010 ) , Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) and the Marvel films Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) .

neg: George Harris (actor) George William Harris ( born 20 October 1949 ) is a British actor of film , stage , television , radio and musical theatre . His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the Harry Potter film series , Captain Simon Katanga in Raiders of the Lost Ark and Clive King in popular medical drama Casualty , where he was one of the original cast members . He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down .

neg: Ben Foster (disambiguation) Ben Foster ( born 1980 ) is an American actor .   Ben Foster may also refer to :   Ben Foster ( footballer ) ( born 1983 ) , English goalkeeper  Ben Foster ( orchestrator ) , British composer , orchestrator and conductor  Ben Foster ( director ) ( born 1984 ) , American director , editor , producer and composer  Ben Weasel ( born Ben Foster , 1968 ) , American author and member of punk rock band Screeching Weasel

neg: Mr Benn Mr Benn is a character created by David McKee who appears in several children 's books , and an animated television series of the same name originally transmitted by the BBC in 1971 and 1972 .   Whether in a book , or on television , Mr Benn 's adventures take on a similar pattern . Mr Benn , a man wearing a black suit and bowler hat , leaves his house at 52 Festive Road and visits a fancy-dress costume shop where he is invited by the moustachioed , fez-wearing shopkeeper to try on a particular outfit . He leaves the shop through a magic door at the back of the changing room and enters a world appropriate to his costume , where he has an adventure ( which usually contains a moral ) before the shopkeeper reappears to lead him back to the changing room , and the story comes to an end . Mr Benn returns to his normal life , but is left with a small souvenir of his magical adventure . Additionally , scenes before and after his adventure usually have some connection to it , such as the games the children are playing in the street as he passes .

neg: Without a Clue Without a Clue is a 1988 British comedy film directed by Thom Eberhardt and starring Michael Caine and Ben Kingsley .

neg: John Benfield John Benfield ( b. 1951 ; Manchester ) is a British actor , who has appeared in 75 TV episodes or films starting in 1981 . He lives in Oxford with his wife , Lillian , and son , Fred .

neg: Ben Howard Benjamin John `` Ben '' Howard ( born 24 April 1987 ) is an English singer-songwriter . He self-released his debut EP Games in the Dark ( 2008 ) followed by two more EPs , These Waters ( 2009 ) and Old Pine ( 2010 ) . He is currently signed to Island and Communion . His major debut studio album came in 2011 titled Every Kingdom followed by two more EP releases , Ben Howard Live ( 2011 ) and The Burgh Island E.P. ( 2012 ) .   At the 2013 Brit Awards he received the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist . He performed at 2013 Glastonbury festival on the Pyramid Stage on Saturday 29 June . He released his second studio album , I Forget Where We Were , in October 2014 .

neg: Gandhi (film) Gandhi is a 1982 British-Indian epic biographical drama film which dramatises the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , the leader of India 's non-violent , non-cooperative independence movement against the United Kingdom 's rule of the country during the 20th century . Gandhi was written by John Briley and produced and directed by Richard Attenborough . It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role . The film covers Gandhi 's life from a defining moment in 1893 , as he is thrown off a South African train for being in a whites-only compartment , and concludes with his assassination and funeral in 1948 . Although a practising Hindu , Gandhi 's embracing of other faiths , particularly Christianity and Islam , is also depicted .   Gandhi was released in India on 30 November 1982 , in the United Kingdom on 3 December , and in the United States on 10 December . It was nominated for Academy Awards in eleven categories , winning eight , including Best Picture and Best Director for Attenborough , Best Actor for Ben Kingsley , and Best Original Screenplay for Briley . The film was screened retrospective on 12 August 2016 as the Opening Film at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense , commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day . The screenplay of Gandhi is available as a published book .

neg: Death and the Maiden (film) Death and the Maiden is a 1994 mystery drama film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Sigourney Weaver , Ben Kingsley and Stuart Wilson . It was based on the play by the same name by Ariel Dorfman , who also co-wrote the screenplay with Rafael Yglesias .

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .   The award was first given in 1977 but in the years following was often given as a singular award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role .

neg: Ben Travers Ben Travers CBE AFC ( 12 November 1886 -- 18 December 1980 ) was an English writer . His output includes more than twenty plays , thirty screenplays , five novels , and three volumes of memoirs . He is best remembered for his long-running series of farces first staged in the 1920s and 1930s at the Aldwych Theatre . Many of these were made into films and later television productions .   After working for some years in his family 's wholesale grocery business , which he detested , Travers was given a job by the publisher John Lane in 1911 . After service as a pilot in the First World War , he began to write novels and plays . He turned his 1921 novel , The Dippers , into a play that was first produced in the West End in 1922 . His big break came in 1925 , when the actor-manager Tom Walls bought the performing rights to his play A Cuckoo in the Nest , which ran for more than a year at the Aldwych . He followed this success with eight more farces for Walls and his team ; the last in the series closed in 1933 . Most of the farces were adapted for film in the 1930s and 1940s , with Travers writing the screenplays for eight of them .   After the Aldwych series came to a close , in 1935 Travers wrote a serious play with a religious theme . It was unsuccessful , and he returned to comedy . Of his later farces only one , Banana Ridge ( 1938 ) , rivalled the runs of his 1920s hits ; it was filmed in 1942 . During the Second World War Travers served in the Royal Air Force , working in intelligence , and later served at the Ministry of Information , while producing two well-received plays .   After the war Travers 's output declined ; he had a long fallow period after the death of his wife in 1951 , although he collaborated on a few revivals and adaptations of his earlier work . He returned to playwriting in 1968 . He was inspired to write a new comedy in the early 1970s after the abolition of theatre censorship in Britain permitted him to write without evasion about sexual activities , one of his favourite topics . The resulting play , The Bed Before Yesterday ( 1975 ) , presented when he was 89 , was the longest-running of all his stage works , easily outplaying any of his Aldwych farces .

neg: Dead End (1937 film) Dead End is a 1937 crime drama film directed by William Wyler . It is an adaptation of the Sidney Kingsley 1935 Broadway play of the same name . It stars Humphrey Bogart , Joel McCrea , and Sylvia Sidney . It is notable as being the first film appearance of the Dead End Kids .

neg: Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee .   Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 .   When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .

neg: Kingsley Association (Pittsburgh, PA) The Kingsley Association , organized in 1893 , began as a single settlement house located in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , named the Kingsley House . It has since relocated its settlement house to East Liberty ( Pittsburgh ) where it continues to operate today . It has also expanded to operate the Lillian Taylor Camp , an open air farm in Valencia , Pennsylvania and the Morgan Memorial House in the Hill District of Pittsburgh . The Kingsley Association seeks to create new and innovative , neighborhood-based programs in accordance with the changing needs of residents , with particular attention to young people .

neg: Ben 10 Ben 10 is an American animated TV series and media franchise created by Man of Action Studios and produced by Cartoon Network Studios . The franchise revolves around a boy named Ben Tennyson who acquires a watch-like alien device ( the Omnitrix ) which allows the wearer to transform into ten different alien creatures . The Ben 10 franchise has received wide critical acclaim , winning three Emmy Awards . Worldwide it has grossed over $ 4.5 billion in retail sales . The franchise has four movies , all of which aired on Cartoon Network between August 2007 and March 2012 . With a 12-year old franchise , it is the longest Cartoon Network original series to date .

neg: Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .