query: Views is an album.

pos: Views (album) Views is the fourth studio album by Canadian rapper Drake . It was released on April 29 , 2016 , by Young Money Entertainment , Cash Money Records and Republic Records . Recording sessions took place from 2015 to 2016 , with both Drake and his longtime collaborator and record producer 40 serving as the records executive producers . 40 also primarily handled the production on the album alongside each of these several other record producers such as Nineteen85 , Maneesh Bidaye , Kanye West and Jordan Ullman , among others . The album contains the elements of genres such as R&B , dancehall , hip hop and pop , among others .   The album was supported by five singles : `` Hotline Bling '' ( which was included as a bonus track ) , `` One Dance '' featuring Wizkid and Kyla , `` Pop Style '' featuring The Throne ( Jay Z and Kanye West ) , `` Controlla '' and `` Too Good '' featuring Rihanna . `` One Dance '' became Drake 's first number-one single in 10 countries as the lead artist , including Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom and the United States . The single spent 10 weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and 15 weeks on the UK Singles Chart .   Views was met with lukewarm reviews from critics , many of whom found it to be an overlong retread of Drake 's previous work . Despite this , it spent 13 non-consecutive weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 . Views became the first album to accumulate one-billion streams on Apple Music . On December 1 , 2016 , Views was certified Quadruple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . As of January 2017 , Views sold 1.61 million copies and a total of 4.14 million album-equivalent units in the United States . Views was nominated for Album of the Year and Best Rap Album at the 59th Grammy Awards . Additionally , `` Hotline Bling '' won for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song , respectively . The single version of `` Pop Style '' featuring The Throne was nominated for Best Rap Performance .

neg: My Favourite Album My Favourite Album was a nationwide poll conducted by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to discover Australia 's most popular album . Voting was by phone , SMS or over the ABC 's website between 20 September 2006 to midnight on 18 October 2006 . Much of the poll 's promotion was through the ABC 's music trivia program Spicks and Specks and ABC 's youth radio station Triple J . The end result , as voted by more than 100,000 viewers , had Pink Floyd 's The Dark Side of the Moon voted Australia 's favourite album . The highest Australian artists on the list are Midnight Oil with 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 at # 23 .   The `` Top Ten '' results of the voting was aired at 7.30 pm on Sunday 3 December 2006 , on ABC TV , before a studio audience and reviewed by a panel consisting of comedian Judith Lucy , Australian Idol judge Ian Dickson , Spiderbait vocalist Mark `` Kram '' Maher , singer Renée Geyer , and comedian Chas Licciardello . Between segments of the show , comedian Alan Brough discussed unusual trivia arising from the poll . The show was hosted by Triple J presenter Myf Warhurst . The 90 minute show was rescreened at 3pm on 7 January 2007 .

neg: Multiview projection In technical drawing and computer graphics , a multiview projection is a technique of illustration by which a standardized series of orthographic two-dimensional pictures is constructed to represent the form of a three-dimensional object . Up to six pictures of an object are produced ( called primary views ) , with each projection plane parallel to one of the coordinate axes of the object . The views are positioned relative to each other according to either of two schemes : first-angle or third-angle projection . In each , the appearances of views may be thought of as being projected onto planes that form a six-sided box around the object . Although six different sides can be drawn , usually three views of a drawing give enough information to make a three-dimensional object . These views are known as front view , top view and end view . Other names for these views include plan , elevation and section .   The terms orthographic projection and orthogonal projection are sometimes reserved specifically for multiviews . However , orthographic and orthogonal more correctly refer to the right angle formed between the projection rays and the projection plane , versus the angle formed between the subject of the drawing and the projection plane . Thus , orthographic projections include axonometric or auxiliary views in addition to multiviews .

neg: Streams (1999 album) Streams is a 1999 album by various artists in the contemporary Christian music genre . Streams is a loose concept album focusing on the themes of pain and healing . In addition to the vocalists , the Irish Film Orchestra contributes instrumental scores to the album .

neg: Viewster Viewster is a global video on demand service that was founded in 2007 and has its headquarters in Zurich , Switzerland .  Viewster offers a wide range of ad-supported free TV shows and movies .   To watch movies and series on Viewster neither external software nor registration is required .

neg: 4+1 architectural view model 4 +1 is a view model designed by Philippe Kruchten for `` describing the architecture of software-intensive systems , based on the use of multiple , concurrent views '' . The views are used to describe the system from the viewpoint of different stakeholders , such as end-users , developers and project managers . The four views of the model are logical , development , process and physical view . In addition selected use cases or scenarios are used to illustrate the architecture serving as the ` plus one ' view . Hence the model contains 4 +1 views :   Development view : The development view illustrates a system from a programmer 's perspective and is concerned with software management . This view is also known as the implementation view . It uses the UML Component diagram to describe system components . UML Diagrams used to represent the development view include the Package diagram .  Logical view : The logical view is concerned with the functionality that the system provides to end-users . UML diagrams used to represent the logical view include , class diagrams , and state diagrams .  Physical view : The physical view depicts the system from a system engineer 's point of view . It is concerned with the topology of software components on the physical layer as well as the physical connections between these components . This view is also known as the deployment view . UML diagrams used to represent the physical view include the deployment diagram .  Process view : The process view deals with the dynamic aspects of the system , explains the system processes and how they communicate , and focuses on the runtime behavior of the system . The process view addresses concurrency , distribution , integrators , performance , and scalability , etc. . UML diagrams to represent process view include the activity diagram .  Scenarios : The description of an architecture is illustrated using a small set of use cases , or scenarios , which become a fifth view . The scenarios describe sequences of interactions between objects and between processes . They are used to identify architectural elements and to illustrate and validate the architecture design . They also serve as a starting point for tests of an architecture prototype . This view is also known as the use case view .   The 4 +1 view model is generic and is not restricted to any notation , tool or design method . Quoting Kruchten ,

neg: See (album) See is the sixth studio album by rock band The Rascals , released in December 1969 . It peaked at number 45 on the Billboard 200 . Three singles were released from the album although the third one was `` I Believe '' ( which was from Search and Nearness ) b/w `` Hold On '' .

neg: Rising Down Rising Down is the eighth studio album by American hip hop band The Roots , released April 28 , 2008 on Def Jam Recordings . The album 's title is adapted from William T. Vollmann 's book Rising Up and Rising Down : Some Thoughts on Violence , Freedom and Urgent Means ( 2004 ) . Expanding on the dark , dense production and political tone of Game Theory ( 2006 ) , Rising Down features lyrical themes concerning issues of contemporary society , including violence , poverty , social and environmental climate , drugs , police corruption , and the music industry .   The album debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 54,000 copies in its first week . It charted modestly in other countries and achieved moderate sales success . Upon its release , Rising Down received generally positive reviews from most music critics . Music critic Robert Christgau named it the ninth best album of 2008 . The album has sold 171,000 copies in the United States .

neg: The Joshua Tree The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2 . It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno , and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records . In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release , The Unforgettable Fire , the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on The Joshua Tree . The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music , and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery , it contrasts the group 's antipathy for the `` real America '' with their fascination with the `` mythical America '' .   Inspired by American tour experiences , literature , and politics , U2 chose America as a theme for the record . Recording began in January 1986 in Ireland , and to foster a relaxed , creative atmosphere , the group primarily recorded in two houses . Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album , including the band 's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International , the death of roadie Greg Carroll , and lead vocalist Bono 's travels to Central America . Recording was completed in November 1986 ; additional production continued into January 1987 . Throughout the sessions , U2 sought a `` cinematic '' quality for the record , one that would evoke a sense of location , in particular , the open spaces of the United States . They represented this in the sleeve photography depicting them in American desert landscapes .   The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim , topped the charts in over 20 countries , and became the fastest-selling album in British history . According to Rolling Stone , the album increased the band 's stature `` from heroes to superstars '' . It produced the hit singles `` With or Without You '' , `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' , and `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' , the first two of which became the group 's only number-one singles in the US . The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988 . The group supported the record with the Joshua Tree Tour throughout 1987 .   Frequently featured on critics ' lists of the greatest records , The Joshua Tree is one of the world 's best-selling albums , with over 25 million copies sold . U2 commemorated the record 's 20th anniversary with a remastered re-release , and its 30th anniversary with announcements of an anniversary concert tour and reissue . In 2014 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the US Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry .

neg: Sides (album) Sides is the fourth solo album from former Genesis guitarist Anthony Phillips . It was released in 1979 by Passport Records . For a limited period it was sold bundled with a complimentary copy of his Private Parts and Pieces album .   This album was produced by Rupert Hine and intended for a mainstream audience . On the original LP , side one showcased shorter pop songs , while side two highlighted longer , more progressive pieces .   Genesis crew members Dan Owen and Dale Newman provide vocals on some tracks .   Peter Cross did the artwork for the album .   The album was first released on CD in 1990 by Virgin Records . This original CD release contained two extra tracks : `` Souvenir '' and an instrumental version of `` Magdalen '' .   As part of Voiceprint 's continued re-issuing campaign of Ant 's back catalogue , the album was re-issued in 2010 as an expanded 2 CD edition . The album is newly re-mastered from the original master tapes by Simon Heyworth and includes the non-album track `` Souvenir '' as an extra track on the first CD . This is in keeping with the track order of the original CD release . The second CD contains variations and alternate mixes of the songs from the album including some unique new mixes which have been made from the original multi-track masters especially for the release . The instrumental version of `` Magdalen '' , which appeared as bonus track at the end of the original CD issue , has been moved to the second disc of this release . Also included is the edited single version of `` Um & Aargh '' which has not previously been available on CD . The second CD also contains two tracks originally intended for inclusion on the original album . `` Catch You When You Fall '' was recorded for the album but was left off because Ant was unhappy with the lyrics . A rough mix was included on Archive Collection Volume One , the version included on the bonus CD is newly mixed in instrumental form from the 24-track master . `` Before The Night '' was left off the album in place of `` Bleak House '' as it was decided to include only one piano-based ballad .   On April 22 , 2016 , Esoteric Recordings ( a Cherry Red Records label ) released a 4-disc deluxe edition of the album . Disc 1 contains a 2016 stereo remix of the album . Disc 2 contains the bonus material ( as on the 2010 release ) . Disc 3 contains a remastered version of the original stereo mix of the album . Disc 4 contains a 2016 5.1 surround sound mix of the album on a DVD . The deluxe edition also includes a poster and a 20-page booklet with photos and extensive liner notes .

neg: The View (song) `` The View '' is a single by American singer Lou Reed and American heavy metal band Metallica . It is the only single taken from the studio album Lulu , released on September 27 , 2011 .

neg: Viewable Impression In the online advertising industry , a Viewable Impression is a metric of ads which were actually viewable when served ( in part , entirely or based on other conditional parameters ) . The first system to deliver reports based on a Viewable Impression metric for standard IAB ( Interactive Advertising Bureau ) Display ad units , called RealVu , was developed by Rich Media Worldwide and accredited by the Media Rating Council on March 9 , 2010 . Other companies to offer viewable impressions include DMA-Institute OnScroll , C3 Metrics , Comscore , and AdYapper , while MSNBC utilizes ServeView , a proprietary system in use since 2010 .   The definition of a Viewable Impression may depend on the type of the ad units and the reporting system . For example , a Viewable Impression for ads of pre-defined size delivered to pre-defined space on the content page is registered by RealVu when the Ad Content is loaded , rendered , and at least 60 % of the ad surface area is within the visible area of a viewer 's browser window on an in focus web page for at least one second . Click-through is enabled at the moment of the `` viewable impression '' .   Viewable Impressions were developed as an improvement of the online impression metrics measured by first ad servers developed in the mid-1990s , which analyze HTTP requests in a server log and can not provide information on events fired by a viewer 's browser ; thus , they can not measure whether ad content was actually visible to a viewer .

neg: View model A view model or viewpoints framework in systems engineering , software engineering , and enterprise engineering is a framework which defines a coherent set of views to be used in the construction of a system architecture , software architecture , or enterprise architecture . A view is a representation of a whole system from the perspective of a related set of concerns .   Since the early 1990s there have been a number of efforts to prescribe approaches for describing and analyzing system architectures . These recent efforts define a set of views ( or viewpoints ) . They are sometimes referred to as architecture frameworks or enterprise architecture frameworks , but are not usually called `` view models '' .   Usually a view is a work product that presents specific architecture data for a given system . However , the same term is sometimes used to refer to a view definition , including the particular viewpoint and the corresponding guidance that defines each concrete view . The term view model is related to view definitions .

neg: List of concept albums This is a list of concept albums produced by bands and solo artists across all musical genres . In popular music , a concept album is an album that is `` unified by a theme , which can be instrumental , compositional , narrative , or lyrical . ''

neg: Rift (album) Rift is the fourth official studio album by the American rock band Phish . It is the band 's second concept album , the first being The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday in 1987 , which has never been officially released . Rift '' 's songs convey the experience of a man dreaming about the rift in his relationship with his girlfriend . Recorded in September and October 1992 and produced by Muscle Shoals music veteran Barry Beckett , the album was released by Elektra Records on February 2 , 1993 .   All songs were written by Trey Anastasio and Phish lyricist Tom Marshall except `` Mound '' and `` Weigh '' by bass guitarist Mike Gordon and `` Lengthwise '' by drummer Jon Fishman .   The instrumental , `` All Things Reconsidered '' , is an intentional variation on the theme to the National Public Radio news show All Things Considered , and has been featured on the show itself several times . An orchestral version of the song appears on Trey Anastasio 's 2004 solo album Seis De Mayo .   The cover art was created by New York-based painter David Welker , who worked closely with the band during winter 1993 in order to visually depict each of the album 's tracks in a single image , with the notable exception of `` The Horse '' . ( For this reason , a horse intentionally appears on the cover of Phish 's next album , Hoist ) . Relix magazine listed Rift as one of the most iconic album covers of all time in 2007 . Rift '' ' was certified gold by the RIAA on October 15 , 1997 .

neg: Synchronoptic view A synchronoptic view is a graphic display of a number of entities as they proceed through time . A synchronoptic view can be used for many purposes but is best suited to the visual display of history . A number of related timelines can be drawn on a single chart showing which events and lives are contemporary and which are unconnected .   A synchronoptic view has important educational advantages . Visible information is much more easily learned , than when it is presented only in pure text form . History is an ideal subject for a synchronoptic view . Multiple timelines are able to show how events interacted . Multiple lifelines can show which people were contemporaries .  ( See example )   A combination of maps is also synchronoptic when it displays successive moments in time .

neg: Mastertapes Mastertapes is a BBC Radio 4 programme , presented by John Wilson , which discusses the making of significant rock albums . The featured artists are interviewed , in front of an audience , and perform exclusive live tracks , many of which are available on the programme 's website . Each album is discussed over two half-hour programmes : the `` A side '' programme features the artist being interviewed by Wilson , with the `` B side '' programme featuring questions from the studio audience .

neg: A View to a Kill (song) `` A View to a Kill '' is the thirteenth single by the English new wave band Duran Duran , released on 6 May 1985 . Written and recorded as the theme for the 1985 James Bond movie of the same name , it became one of the band 's biggest hits . It remains the only James Bond theme song to have reached number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ; it also made it to number 2 for three weeks on the UK Singles Chart .   In 1986 , composer John Barry and Duran Duran were nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for `` A View to a Kill '' . The song was the last track recorded by the most famous five member lineup of Duran Duran until their 2001 reunion . It was performed by the band at Live Aid in Philadelphia , their final performance together before their first split . Following Barry 's death , the band paid tribute as their encore at the 2011 Coachella Festival , Simon Le Bon reappearing in a tuxedo for a pared-down version backed by an orchestra , before launching into the full , upbeat track . Bassist John Taylor told the crowd : `` We lost a dear friend of ours this year -- English composer John Barry . This is for him . ''

neg: View View , or variants , may refer to :

neg: Stereoscope A stereoscope is a device for viewing a stereoscopic pair of separate images , depicting left-eye and right-eye views of the same scene , as a single three-dimensional image .   A typical stereoscope provides each eye with a lens that makes the image seen through it appear larger and more distant and usually also shifts its apparent horizontal position , so that for a person with normal binocular depth perception the edges of the two images seemingly fuse into one `` stereo window '' . In current practice , the images are prepared so that the scene appears to be beyond this virtual window , through which objects are sometimes allowed to protrude , but this was not always the custom . A divider or other view-limiting feature is usually provided to prevent each eye from being distracted by also seeing the image intended for the other eye .   Most people can , with practice and some effort , view stereoscopic image pairs in 3D without the aid of a stereoscope , but the physiological depth cues resulting from the unnatural combination of eye convergence and focus required will be unlike those experienced when actually viewing the scene in reality , making an accurate simulation of the natural viewing experience impossible and tending to cause eye strain and fatigue .   Although more recent devices such as Realist-format 3D slide viewers and the View-Master are also stereoscopes , the word is now most commonly associated with viewers designed for the standard-format stereo cards that enjoyed several waves of popularity from the 1850s to the 1930s as a home entertainment medium .   Devices such as polarized , anaglyph and shutter glasses which are used to view two actually superimposed or intermingled images , rather than two physically separate images , are not categorized as stereoscopes .

neg: Nine Views Nine Views ( Devet pogleda ) is an ambiental installation in Zagreb , Croatia which , together with the sculpture Prizemljeno Sunce ( The Grounded Sun ) , makes up a consistent model of the Solar System .   Prizemljeno Sunce by Ivan Kožarić was first displayed in 1971 by the building of the Croatian National Theatre , and since then changed location a few times . Since 1994 it has been situated in the Bogovićeva Street . It is simply a bronze sphere around 2 metres in diameter .   In 2004 , artist Davor Preis had a two-week exhibition in the Josip Račić Exhibition Hall in Margaretska Street in Zagreb , and afterwards he placed 9 models of the planets of the Solar System around Zagreb , to complete a model of the entire solar system . The models ' sizes as well as their distances from the Prizemljeno Sunce are all in the same scale as the Prizemljeno Sunce itself .   Preis did this installation with very little or no publicity , so his installation is n't well known among citizens of Zagreb . On a few occasions individuals or small groups of people , particularly physics students , `` discovered '' that there was a model of the solar system in Zagreb . One of the earliest efforts to find all of the planets was started in November 2004 on the web forum of the student section of Croatian Physics Society .   The locations of the planets are as follows :   Mercury - 3 Margaretska Street  Venus - 3 Ban Josip Jelačić Square  Earth - 9 Varšavska Street  Mars - 21 Tkalčićeva Street  Jupiter - 71 Voćarska Street  Saturn - 1 Račićeva Street  Uranus - 9 Siget ( not at the residential building but at the garage across the street )  Neptune - Kozari Way 48  Pluto - Bologna Alley ( underpass ) - included in the installation before being demoted to dwarf planet   The system is at scale 1:680 000 000 . Earth 's model is about 1.9 cm in size and at 225 m distance from the sun 's model , while Pluto 's model is 7.7 km away from it .


query: Richard Gere starred in an American film from 1982.

pos: An Officer and a Gentleman An Officer and a Gentleman is a 1982 American romantic drama film starring Richard Gere , Debra Winger and Louis Gossett , Jr. , who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film , and was produced by Lorimar Productions for Paramount Pictures . It tells the story of Zack ( Gere ) , a U.S. Navy Aviation Officer Candidate who is beginning his training at Aviation Officer Candidate School . While Zack meets his first true girlfriend during his training , a local young woman named Paula ( Winger ) , he also comes into conflict with the hard-driving Marine Corps Gunnery Sergeant ( Gossett , Jr. ) , the drill instructor training his class .   The film was written by Douglas Day Stewart and directed by Taylor Hackford . Its title is an old expression from the British Royal Navy and later from the U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice 's charge of `` conduct unbecoming an Officer and a Gentleman '' ( from 1860 ) . The film was commercially released in the U.S. on August 13 , 1982 . It was well received by critics , with a number calling it the best film of 1982 . It also was a financial success , grossing $ 130 million against a $ 6 million budget .

pos: Richard Gere Richard Tiffany Gere ( -LSB- ˈɡɪər -RSB- ; born August 31 , 1949 ) is an American actor and humanitarian activist . He began acting in the 1970s , playing a supporting role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar and a starring role in Days of Heaven . He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo , which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol . He went on to star in several hit films , including An Officer and a Gentleman , Pretty Woman , Primal Fear , Runaway Bride , Arbitrage and Chicago , for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and a Screen Actors Guild Award for part of the Best Cast .

neg: Duet for Four Duet for Four is a 1982 film directed by Tim Burstall .

neg: The Competition (film) The Competition is a 1980 American drama film starring Richard Dreyfuss and Amy Irving , directed by Joel Oliansky .

neg: The Shadow Riders (film) The Shadow Riders is a 1982 American made-for-television western film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and starring Tom Selleck , Sam Elliott , Dominique Dunne , and Katharine Ross . Based on The Shadow Riders by Louis L'Amour , the film is about two brothers who meet up after fighting on opposite sides of the Civil War and return home only to find their siblings kidnapped by ruthless raiders . Together they set out on an adventure to rescue their family . The film reunites actors Selleck , Elliot , and Jeff Osterhage , who also starred in the 1979 film The Sacketts . The Shadow Riders first aired in the United States on September 28 , 1982 .

neg: Hotline (1982 film) Hotline is a 1982 American made-for-television thriller film directed by Jerry Jameson . The working title of the film was Reach Out .

neg: The Mark (1961 film) The Mark is a 1961 film which tells the story of a convicted child molester , now out of prison , who is suspected in the molestation and beating of another child . The picture stars Stuart Whitman , Maria Schell , Rod Steiger and Brenda De Banzie .   Adapted by Sidney Buchman and Stanley Mann from the novel by Charles E. Israel , the movie was directed by Guy Green .   The Mark was selected to compete for a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and Whitman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .

neg: Rollover (film) Rollover is a 1981 American political thriller film directed by Alan J. Pakula and starring Jane Fonda and Kris Kristofferson . The film was nominated for a Razzie Awards for Worst Actor for Kristofferson .

neg: Citizen: I'm Not Losing My Mind, I'm Giving It Away Citizen : I 'm Not Losing My Mind , I 'm Giving It Away is a 1982 film directed by William Farley and has the first screen appearance of Whoopi Goldberg . The film is an avant-garde ensemble piece also starring West Coast performance artists Stoney Burke , Bob Carroll , Darryl Henriques , Murray Korngold , Pons Maar , John O'Keefe , and Michael Peppe .   In 1983 , the film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival , and was also featured at the Whitney Museum of American Art .   Distributed by William Farley Film Group .

neg: Falling in Love (1984 film) Falling in Love is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep and directed by Ulu Grosbard . In the film , two married strangers meet randomly , become friends , and fall in love . They spend time together , riding the train into the city of New York , and begin meeting for coffee or lunch . They enjoy their time together and this enjoyment eventually blossoms into love .

neg: Breathless (1983 film) Breathless is a 1983 American drama film directed by Jim McBride and written by McBride and L. M. Kit Carson , starring Richard Gere and Valérie Kaprisky . It is a remake of the 1960 French film directed by Jean-Luc Godard and written by Jean-Luc Godard and François Truffaut , À bout de souffle ( known as Breathless in English ) and was released in France under the title A Bout de Souffle Made in USA . The original film is about an American girl and a French criminal in Paris . The remake is about a French girl and an American criminal in Los Angeles .

neg: Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles .   Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action .   Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .

neg: Iron Eagle Iron Eagle is a 1986 Metrocolor American-Canadian action film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Jason Gedrick and Louis Gossett , Jr. . While it received mixed reviews , the film earned US$ 24,159,872 at the U.S. box office . Iron Eagle was followed by three sequels : Iron Eagle II , Aces : Iron Eagle III and Iron Eagle on the Attack , with Gossett being the only actor to have appeared in all four films .   The basis of the fictional story in the film relates to real life attacks by the United States against Libya over the Gulf of Sidra , in particular the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident .

neg: A Killer in the Family A Killer in the Family is a 1983 American made-for-television crime film directed by Richard T. Heffron . The film is based on the Tison v. Arizona case , which took place in 1978 in Arizona . The film first aired on ABC on October 30 , 1983 and was released on DVD in 2010 by Warner Home Video .

neg: L'amour des femmes L'amour des femmes is a 1982 French drama film directed by Michel Soutter . It was entered into the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival .

neg: Your Ticket Is No Longer Valid Your Ticket is No Longer Valid is a 1981 Canadian film starring Richard Harris . Harris later regarded the movie as one of the biggest artistic disappointments of his career .

neg: The Stunt Man The Stunt Man is a 1980 American film directed by Richard Rush , starring Peter O'Toole , Steve Railsback , and Barbara Hershey . The movie was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and Rush from the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Brodeur . It tells the story of a young fugitive who hides as a stunt double on the set of an anti-war movie whose charismatic director will do seemingly anything for the sake of his art .   It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Peter O'Toole ) , Best Director ( Richard Rush ) , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . However , due to its limited release , it never earned much attention from US audiences at large . As O'Toole remarked in a DVD audio commentary , `` The film was n't released , it escaped . ''

neg: Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .

neg: Irreconcilable Differences Irreconcilable Differences is a 1984 American comedy-drama film starring Ryan O'Neal , Shelley Long , and Drew Barrymore . The film was a minor box office success , making over $ 12 million . For their performances , both Long and Barrymore were nominated for Golden Globe Awards .

neg: American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case .   The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie .   Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .

neg: Jesse Garcia Jesse Garcia ( born c. 1982 ) is an American actor .

neg: That Championship Season (1982 film) That Championship Season is Jason Miller 's 1982 film version of his 1973 Pulitzer Prize winning Broadway play of the same name . It stars Robert Mitchum , Martin Sheen , Bruce Dern , Stacy Keach and Paul Sorvino and was filmed on location in Scranton , Pennsylvania where it is set .   In 1999 , Sorvino directed an adaptation of the play for Showtime in which he played Mitchum 's role as the coach . This version co-starred Vincent D'Onofrio , Gary Sinise , Tony Shalhoub and Terry Kinney .


query: Harry Potter is a series of photographs.

pos: Harry Potter Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling . The novels chronicle the life of a young wizard , Harry Potter , and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley , all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . The main story arc concerns Harry 's struggle against Lord Voldemort , a dark wizard who intends to become immortal , overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic , and subjugate all wizards and Muggles , a reference term that means non-magical people .   Since the release of the first novel , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , on 26 June 1997 , the books have found immense popularity , critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide . The series has now been translated into multiple languages including French , Irish , Spanish , German and Swedish to name a few . They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers , and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature . The series has also had its share of criticism , including concern about the increasingly dark tone as the series progressed , as well as the often gruesome and graphic violence it depicts . , the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide , making them the best-selling book series in history , and have been translated into seventy-three languages . The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history , with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release .   The series was originally published in English by two major publishers , Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States . A play , Harry Potter and the Cursed Child , based on a story co-written by Rowling , premiered in London on 30 July 2016 at the Palace Theatre , and its script was published by Little , Brown as the eighth book in the series . The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part film series by Warner Bros. . Pictures , which has become the second highest-grossing film series of all time . In 2016 , the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $ 25 billion , making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time .   A series of many genres , including fantasy , drama , coming of age , friendship , and the British school story ( which includes elements of mystery , thriller , adventure , horror and romance ) , the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references . According to Rowling , the main theme is death . Other major themes in the series include prejudice , corruption , and madness .   The success of the books and films has ensured that the Harry Potter franchise continues to expand , with numerous derivative works , a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009 , a studio tour in London that opened in 2012 , a digital platform on which J.K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight , and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 , among many other developments . Most recently , themed attractions , collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter , have been built at several Universal Parks & Resorts amusement parks around the world .

neg: Nature photography Nature photography refers to a wide range of photography taken outdoors and devoted to displaying natural elements such as landscapes , wildlife , plants , and close-ups of natural scenes and textures . Nature photography tends to put a stronger emphasis on the aesthetic value of the photo than other photography genres , such as photojournalism and documentary photography .   `` Nature photography '' overlaps the fields of -- and is sometimes considered an overarching category including -- `` wildlife photography , '' `` landscape photography , '' and `` garden photography '' .   Nature photographs are published in scientific , travel and cultural magazines such as National Geographic Magazine , National Wildlife Magazine and Audubon Magazine or other more specific magazines such as Outdoor Photographer and Nature 's Best Photography . Well known nature photographers include Frans Lanting , Galen Rowell , Mark Gray , Eliot Porter and Art Wolfe .

neg: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return .   The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince .   Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D .   As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .

neg: Reflex camera A reflex camera is a camera that permits the photographer to view the image that will be seen through the lens , and therefore to see exactly what will be captured , contrary to viewfinder cameras where the image could be significantly different from what will be captured . A single-lens reflex camera typically uses a mirror and prism system ( hence `` reflex '' , from the mirror 's reflection ) to accomplish this . The mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera achieves the same result by providing the photographer with a digitally captured image . The twin-lens reflex camera provides both a viewfinder image and the reflected image from the actual camera lens .   Category : Cameras by type

neg: Harry Wingfield John Henry `` Harry '' Wingfield ( 4 December 1910 -- 5 March 2002 ) was an English illustrator , best known for his drawings that illustrated the Ladybird Books Key Words Reading Scheme ( also known as Peter and Jane ) in the 1960s through to the 1980s ,  which sold over 80 million copies worldwide .   Wingfield was born in Denby , near Derby , the son of a blastfurnace man . He grew up in Manchester and Derbyshire . Hoping to become an engineer , he failed to obtain an apprenticeship to Rolls Royce because of his stammer , he started his first job , in an advertising agency in Derby , aged 16 , and then worked in Walsall and Birmingham . He took evening classes in drawing , where he met his wife , Ethel and he served in the RAF in the Second World War as a driver in the RAF regiment . Based in the Azores he painted camouflage but also gained a reputation for painting portraits of colleagues and family members . He worked as a graphic designer when he returned to England before working as a freelance illustrator for Ladybird in the 1950s .   His watercolours , along with those of Martin Aitchison , provided strong images to accompany the simple text devised by William Murray . Wingfield 's wife Ethel , as an expert in early learning , was a significant collaborator . His best-known work accompanied books in the Key Words Reading Scheme brought out by Ladybird as competition to the American Janet and John books . They conformed to stereotypes , with neat , obedient children ; Peter helping Daddy with the car or in the garden , and Jane helping Mummy in the kitchen . They featured images initially based on photography of families on new council estates of the period , a market they targeted with phenomenal success .   Within a few years , new lifestyles meant that Wingfield 's images were looking out of date , so he modernised the illustrations in the 1970s . The children became scruffier , and the domestic settings changed , though the books never truly reflected the social changes of the period .   Wingfield remained a freelance for most of his life and in 1989 , Ladybird returned a catalogue of around 600 original pictures to him , some of which were sold at exhibition , but many of which he retained . He lived modestly , and after retirement continued to live in the house in Little Aston , near Walsall , where he had spent his working life as an artist .   Exhibitions of Wingfield 's pictures were held in Walsall in 2002 and 2003 and across the UK , organised by Ladybird enthusiasts including the writer Cressida Connolly . His works , along with the books , have increased in value in recent years as Ladybird books and their accompanying illustrations have become more fashionable and therefore more collectable .   In late 2014 Ladybird books received major UK media coverage with the release of an iconic ` covers ' collection to celebrate their 100th anniversary . Many of Harry Wingfield 's illustrations were reproduced in the UK media as part of that announcement .

neg: Book scanning Book scanning ( or magazine scanning ) is the process of converting physical books and magazines into digital media such as images , electronic text , or electronic books ( e-books ) by using an image scanner .   Digital books can be easily distributed , reproduced , and read on-screen . Common file formats are DjVu , Portable Document Format ( PDF ) , and Tagged Image File Format ( TIFF ) . To convert the raw images optical character recognition ( OCR ) is used to turn book pages into a digital text format like ASCII or other similar format , which reduces the file size and allows the text to be reformatted , searched , or processed by other applications .   Image scanners may be manual or automated . In an ordinary commercial image scanner , the book is placed on a flat glass plate ( or platen ) , and a light and optical array moves across the book underneath the glass . In manual book scanners , the glass plate extends to the edge of the scanner , making it easier to line up the book 's spine . Other book scanners place the book face up in a v-shaped frame , and photograph the pages from above . Pages may be turned by hand or by automated paper transport devices . Glass or plastic sheets are usually pressed against the page to flatten it .   After scanning , software adjusts the document images by lining it up , cropping it , picture-editing it , and converting it to text and final e-book form . Human proofreaders usually check the output for errors .   Scanning at is adequate for conversion to digital text output , but for archival reproduction of rare , elaborate or illustrated books , much higher resolution is used . High-end scanners capable of thousands of pages per hour can cost thousands of dollars , but do-it-yourself ( DIY ) , manual book scanners capable of 1200 pages per hour have been built for US$ 300 .

neg: Photographic plate Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a capture medium in photography . The light-sensitive emulsion of silver salts was coated on a glass plate , typically thinner than common window glass , instead of a clear plastic film . Glass plates were far superior to film for research-quality imaging because they were extremely stable and less likely to bend or distort , especially in large-format frames for wide-field imaging . Early plates used the wet collodion process . The wet plate process was replaced late in the 19th century by gelatin dry plates . Glass plate photographic material largely faded from the consumer market in the early years of the 20th century , as more convenient and less fragile films were increasingly adopted . However , photographic plates were reportedly still being used by one photography business in London until the 1970s , and they were in wide use by the professional astronomical community as late as the 1990s . Workshops on the use of glass plate photography as an alternative medium or for artistic use are still being conducted .   A view camera nicknamed `` The Mammoth '' weighing 1400 lb was built by George R. Lawrence in 1899 , specifically to photograph `` The Alton Limited '' train owned by the Chicago & Alton Railway , took photographs on a single glass plate measuring 8 feet x 4.5 feet .

neg: Harry Potter Alliance The Harry Potter Alliance ( also known as the HPA ) is a nonprofit organization run primarily by Harry Potter fans . It was founded by Andrew Slack in 2005 to draw attention to human rights violations in Sudan . Since then , the organisation 's campaigns have focused on topics such as literacy , United States immigration reform , economic justice , gay rights , sexism , labor rights , mental health , body image , and climate change . They have received recognition from many popular figures in the Harry Potter community and have been the subject of multiple academic studies on fan activism and civic engagement among youth .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Harry Potter in Calcutta Harry Potter in Calcutta is a work by Uttam Ghosh in which Harry Potter meets figures from Bengali literature . J. K. Rowling and her lawyers sued for the novel to be removed from the market , citing intellectual property concerns , and subsequently they were removed from sales .

neg: Thomas Taylor (artist) Thomas Henry Taylor ( born 22 May 1973 ) is a British children 's writer and illustrator . He studied at Anglia Ruskin University . He painted the cover art for the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . Due to the number of questions regarding the identity of the wizard illustrated on the back cover of the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , and thanks to the contribution of an Argentine named Alfonso Ferrer in Taylor 's blog , in February 2016 , he decided to name him Robertus Tallis .   He has written and illustrated several picture books , starting with George and Sophie 's Museum Adventure in 1999 , and has two children 's novels , Haunters and Dan of the Dead , due to be published in 2012 .

neg: The Tale of Two Bad Mice The Tale of Two Bad Mice is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in September 1904 . Potter took inspiration for the tale from two mice caught in a cage-trap in her cousin 's home and a dollhouse being constructed by her editor and publisher Norman Warne as a Christmas gift for his niece Winifred . While the tale was being developed , Potter and Warne fell in love and became engaged , much to the annoyance of Potter 's parents , who were grooming their daughter to be a permanent resident and housekeeper in their London home .   The tale is about two mice who vandalize a dollhouse . After finding the food on the dining room table made of plaster , they smash the dishes , throw the doll clothing out the window , tear the bolster , and carry off a number of articles to their mouse-hole . When the little girl who owns the dollhouse discovers the destruction , she positions a policeman doll outside the front door to ward off any future depredation . The two mice atone for their crime spree by putting a crooked sixpence in the doll 's stocking on Christmas Eve and sweeping the house every morning with a dust-pan and broom .   The tale 's themes of rebellion , insurrection , and individualism reflect not only Potter 's desire to free herself of her domineering parents and build a home of her own , but her fears about independence and her frustrations with Victorian domesticity .   The book was critically well received and brought Potter her first fan letter from America . The tale was adapted to a segment in the 1971 Royal Ballet film The Tales of Beatrix Potter and to an animated episode in the BBC series The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends . Merchandise inspired by the tale includes Beswick Pottery porcelain figurines and Schmid music boxes .

neg: High-speed photography High-speed photography is the science of taking pictures of very fast phenomena . In 1948 , the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ) defined high-speed photography as any set of photographs captured by a camera capable of 69 frames per second or greater , and of at least three consecutive frames . High-speed photography can be considered to be the opposite of time-lapse photography .   In common usage , high-speed photography may refer to either or both of the following meanings . The first is that the photograph itself may be taken in a way as to appear to freeze the motion , especially to reduce motion blur . The second is that a series of photographs may be taken at a high sampling frequency or frame rate . The first requires a sensor with good sensitivity and either a very good shuttering system or a very fast strobe light . The second requires some means of capturing successive frames , either with a mechanical device or by moving data off electronic sensors very quickly .   Other considerations for high-speed photographers are record length , reciprocity breakdown , and spatial resolution .

neg: Harry Borden Harry Borden ( born 1965 ) is a British portrait photographer based in London . His subjects have included celebrities Robin Williams , Ewan McGregor , Jamie Oliver , Tony Blair and Margaret Thatcher . Examples of Borden 's work are held in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery , London and National Portrait Gallery , Australia .

neg: Magic lantern The magic lantern or lanterna magica is an early type of image projector employing painted pictures or photographs on sheets of glass , a lens , and a bright light source . It was mostly developed in the 17th century and commonly used for entertainment purposes . It was increasingly applied to educational purposes during the 1800s and was in wide use until the mid-20th century , when a smaller-format version for photographs on film , marketed and commonly known as a slide projector , superseded it .

neg: Picture Book A picture book is a book format that combines visual and verbal narratives .   Picture Book may also refer to :  Picture Book ( TV series ) , a BBC TV series that first appeared in 1955  Picture Book ( Simply Red album ) , 1985  `` Picture Book '' ( song ) , a song by The Kinks  Picture Book ( The Kinks album ) , 2008

neg: Harry Palmer (photographer) Harry Palmer ( born 1930 in Calgary , Alberta ) is a Canadian photographer .

neg: History of photography The history of photography has roots in remote antiquity with the discovery of two critical principles , that of the camera obscura ( darkened or obscured room or chamber ) and the fact that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light , as discovered by observation . As far as is known , nobody thought of bringing these two phenomena together to capture camera images in permanent form until around 1800 , when Thomas Wedgwood made the first reliably documented , although unsuccessful attempt . In the mid-1820s , Nicéphore Niépce succeeded , but several days of exposure in the camera were required and the earliest results were very crude .   Niépce 's associate Louis Daguerre went on to develop the daguerreotype process , the first publicly announced and commercially viable photographic process . The daguerreotype required only minutes of exposure in the camera , and produced clear , finely detailed results . It was commercially introduced in 1839 , a date generally accepted as the birth year of practical photography .  The metal-based daguerreotype process soon had some competition from the paper-based calotype negative and salt print processes invented by William Henry Fox Talbot . Subsequent innovations made photography easier and more versatile . New materials reduced the required camera exposure time from minutes to seconds , and eventually to a small fraction of a second ; new photographic media were more economical , sensitive or convenient , including roll films for casual use by amateurs . In the mid-20th century , developments made it possible for amateurs to take pictures in natural color as well as in black-and-white .   The commercial introduction of computer-based electronic digital cameras in the 1990s soon revolutionized photography . During the first decade of the 21st century , traditional film-based photochemical methods were increasingly marginalized as the practical advantages of the new technology became widely appreciated and the image quality of moderately priced digital cameras was continually improved .

neg: Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' .   The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows :  Fiction  William Boyd - Any Human Heart  Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up !  Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated  Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal  Nick Hornby - How to Be Good  Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story  Matthew Kneale - English Passengers  Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist  Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian  Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now  Ali Smith - The Accidental  Zadie Smith - White Teeth  Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction  Pat Barker - Regeneration   Non-fiction  Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival  Niall Ferguson - Empire  Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World  Malcolm Gladwell - Blink  Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos  Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics  James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia  Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation   Crime  Donna Tartt - The Secret History  P. D. James - A Certain Justice  John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders  Alex Garland - The Beach  Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy   Travel and adventure  Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun  Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey  Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari   Biography  Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind  Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life  Jeremy Paxman - The English   Essays  Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy  Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson  Alistair Cooke - Letter from America

neg: Books of the Art Books of the Art or The Art Trilogy is an incomplete trilogy of novels by Clive Barker , of which only the first two have been published . The first book , The Great and Secret Show , was first published in 1989 and was followed by the second book , Everville , in 1994 . The third book has yet to be written and there is currently no schedule for its release . Of plans for the third book , Barker has stated that the book will be `` a big book when it comes '' and that he wants to write it with `` as much feeling as possible . ''   The trilogy has been cited as an example of Barker 's use of magic as a motif to `` comment upon the work of the creator of art '' and Barker himself has used the term to describe transformative magic that is used as `` windows through which to glimpse the miraculous '' . The series thus far has been compared to J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings .

neg: Rolling shutter Rolling shutter is a method of image capture in which a still picture ( in a still camera ) or each frame of a video ( in a video camera ) is captured not by taking a snapshot of the entire scene at single instant in time but rather by scanning across the scene rapidly , either vertically or horizontally . In other words , not all parts of the image of the scene are recorded at exactly the same instant . ( Though , during playback , the entire image of the scene is displayed at once , as if it represents a single instant in time . ) This produces predictable distortions of fast-moving objects or rapid flashes of light . This is in contrast with `` global shutter '' in which the entire frame is captured at the same instant .   The `` rolling shutter '' can be either mechanical or electronic . The advantage of this method is that the image sensor can continue to gather photons during the acquisition process , thus effectively increasing sensitivity . It is found on many digital still and video cameras using CMOS sensors . The effect is most noticeable when imaging extreme conditions of motion or the fast flashing of light . While some CMOS sensors use a global shutter , the majority found in the consumer market use a rolling shutter .   CCDs ( charge-coupled devices ) are alternatives to CMOS sensors , which are generally more sensitive and more expensive . CCD-based cameras often use global shutters , which take a snapshot representing a single instant in time and therefore do not suffer from the motion artifacts caused by rolling shutters .


query: Christopher Nolan did not work on The Dark Knight Trilogy.

pos: Christopher Nolan Christopher Edward Nolan ( -LSB- ˈnoʊlən -RSB- born 30 July 1970 ) is an English-American film director , screenwriter and producer . He is one of the highest-grossing directors in history , and among the most successful and acclaimed filmmakers of the 21st century .   Having made his directorial debut with Following ( 1998 ) , Nolan gained considerable attention for his second feature , Memento ( 2000 ) , for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . The acclaim garnered by his independent films gave Nolan the opportunity to make the big-budget thriller Insomnia ( 2002 ) and the mystery drama The Prestige ( 2006 ) . He found further popular and critical success with The Dark Knight Trilogy ( 2005 -- 2012 ) ; Inception ( 2010 ) , for which he received a second Original Screenplay nomination and one for the Academy Award for Best Picture ; and Interstellar ( 2014 ) . His nine films have grossed over US$ 4.2 billion worldwide and garnered a total of 26 Oscar nominations and seven wins . Nolan has co-written several of his films with his younger brother , Jonathan , and runs the production company Syncopy Inc. with his wife , Emma Thomas .   Nolan 's films are rooted in philosophical , sociological and ethical concepts , exploring human morality , the construction of time , and the malleable nature of memory and personal identity . His body of work is permeated by materialistic perspectives , labyrinthine plots , nonlinear storytelling , practical special effects , and analogous relationships between visual language and narrative elements .

neg: Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' .   The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .

neg: Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 2003 16th CFCA Awards  January 21 , 2004   Best Film :  The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King   The 16th Chicago Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in film for 2003 , were presented in 2004 . The awards were originally going to be cancelled because the 2003 screener ban but when a judge ruled against it and the studios started to send out screeners again the awards were held after all .   Peter Jackson 's final part of `` The Lord of the Rings '' trilogy `` The Return of the King '' and Sofia Coppola 's `` Lost in Translation '' both won three awards .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Batman: Anarky Batman : Anarky is a 1999 trade paperback published by DC Comics . The book collects prominent appearances of Anarky , a comic book character created by Alan Grant and Norm Breyfogle . Although all of the collected stories were written by Alan Grant , various artists contributed to individual stories . Dual introductions were written by the creatorsboth of whom introduce the character and give insight into their role in Anarky 's creation and development .   Featured as an antagonist in various Batman comics during the '90s , stories based on the character were highly thematic , political , and philosophical in tone . The majority of the collected stories ( `` Anarky in Gotham City '' , `` Anarky : Tomorrow Belongs to Us '' , `` Anarky '' ) are influenced by the philosophy of anarchism , while the final story ( `` Metamorphosis '' ) is influenced by Frank R. Wallace . Although anti-statism is the overarching theme of the collection , other concepts are explored . Anarky 's characterization was expanded throughout the stories to present him first as a libertarian socialist and anarchist , and in the final story as a vehicle for explorations into atheism , rationalism , and bicameralism . Literary references are also utilized throughout the collected stories to stress the philosophical foundations of the character . The collection also tracks the character 's evolution from a petty , street-crime fighting vigilante , to a competent freedom fighter in opposition to powerful forces of evil .   Critics have positively received some of the stories within the collection , analyzing Anarky as a unique force for political commentary and discussion within DC Comics ' storytelling . However , the expansive growth of the character 's unique abilities and characterization has also fueled criticism as having overpowered the character beyond suspension of disbelief .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Odyssey Productions Odyssey Productions ( formerly Odyssey Visual Design ) is the former name of a California-based photography and 3-D computer animation company founded in 1983 by Steven Churchill in partnership with Adrian Turcotte . It was the first San Diego company to produce 3-D computer animation and its clients have included Coca-Cola , General Dynamics , Union Oil , Southwestern Cable , Metrocast , Honda , and a number of TV stations across the country .   While Odyssey focused primarily on 35mm back-lit motion graphics and special effects for the first 5 years of its existence , its award-winning release of the world 's first home entertainment video of computer animation , State Of the Art Of Computer Animation in 1988 brought about a shift in focus to 3D computer animation . The accolades and sales successes achieved by State Of the Art Of Computer Animation prompted the 1990 release of The Mind 's Eye : A Computer Animation Odyssey , a title that would become the first member of the successful The Mind 's Eye series . The next decade ( 1990 -- 2000 ) would be taken up almost entirely with the production of 19 feature-length 3-D computer animated package films for home release .   The company 's name became Odyssey Productions in 1995 and the last 12 3D computer animated films were released under this name . In 2003 the company again changed its name to AnimationTrip and broadened its focus to encompass photography to a greater extent . Under this new corporate name , the company added a business enterprise in 2004 focused primarily on photographic art and has launched a series of international art exhibitions in San Diego , California called the Art of Photography Show and the Art of Digital Show . Since 2006 , exhibiting photographic art and promoting photo artists has been the full focus of the business . In 2010 the company was named PhotoCulture , Inc. .

neg: Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame .   Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations .   Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement .   Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .

neg: Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms .   Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .

neg: Batman & Dracula trilogy The Batman and Dracula trilogy is a group of American comics stories which began with Batman & Dracula : Red Rain , a 1991 graphic novel by Doug Moench and Kelley Jones , in DC Comics ' Elseworlds line of alternate reality stories . It spawned two sequels by the same creative team ; Batman : Bloodstorm and Batman : Crimson Mist . DC Comics later released The Batman and Dracula trilogy in a trade paperback collection , entitled Tales of the Multiverse : Batman - Vampire .

neg: Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema .   In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe .   The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt .   The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity .   The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .

neg: All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman .   The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' .   The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint .   Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' .   With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .

neg: Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' .   Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' .   2017 - Sully  The Martian  Zootopia  Star Wars : The Force Awakens  The Revenant  2016 - American Sniper  Kingsman : The Secret Service  Mad Max : Fury Road  Spectre  Whiplash  2015 - Frozen  Interstellar  Jersey Boys  Fury  Godzilla  2014 - Les Misérables  3 Idiots  Captain Phillips  Django Unchained  Gravity  2013 - The Intouchables  Argo  The Dark Knight Rises  The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo  Skyfall  2012 - The King 's Speech  Rise of the Planet of the Apes  Moneyball  The Social Network  Black Swan  2011 - Avatar  Inception  Toy Story 3  Invictus  The Hurt Locker  2010 - Gran Torino  Slumdog Millionaire  Changeling  The Wrestler  Red Cliff Part II  2009 - The Dark Knight  The Bucket List  No Country for Old Men  Lust , Caution  Red Cliff Part I  2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima  Dreamgirls  Babel  Hairspray  The Bourne Ultimatum  2007 - Flags of Our Fathers  Crash  Hotel Rwanda  Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest  The Da Vinci Code  2006 - Million Dollar Baby  Cinderella Man  Charlie and the Chocolate Factory  The Phantom of the Opera  Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith  2005 - The Last Samurai  The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King  Mystic River  Seabiscuit  Troy  2004 - The Pianist  Chicago  The Hours  The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers  Yeopgijeogin geunyeo  2003 - Monster 's Ball  Gangs of New York  Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets  I Am Sam  The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring  2002 - Billy Elliot  Artificial Intelligence : AI  Chocolat  Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone  Postmen in the Mountains  2001 - Dancer in the Dark  American Beauty  Gladiator  The Green Mile  Swiri  2000 - The Sixth Sense  Elizabeth  The Matrix  Shakespeare in Love  La Vita è bella  1999 - L.A. Confidential  Armageddon  As Good as It Gets  Good Will Hunting  Saving Private Ryan  1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption  Apollo 13  The Bridges of Madison County  Forrest Gump  Léon  1995 - Schindler 's List  The Piano  Pulp Fiction  Speed  True Lies  1994 - Jurassic Park  Cliffhanger  The Fugitive  Heaven & Earth  Unforgiven  1993 - JFK  The Lover  Basic Instinct  The Bodyguard  A League of Their Own  1992 - Dances with Wolves  Awakenings  Nikita  The Silence of the Lambs  Terminator 2 : Judgment Day  1991 - Field of Dreams  Die Hard 2  Ghost  Cinema Paradiso  Total Recall  1990 - Die Hard  Black Rain  Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade  Major League  Rain Man  1989 - The Last Emperor  Fatal Attraction  Full Metal Jacket  Moonstruck  Wall Street  1988 - Platoon  Hannah and Her Sisters  Stand By Me  Top Gun  The Untouchables  1987 - Back to the Future  Aliens  A Chorus Line  The Color Purple  Out of Africa  1986 - Amadeus  The Cotton Club  The Killing Fields  A Passage to India  Witness  1985 - Once Upon a Time in America  Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom  The Natural  The Right Stuff  Terms of Endearment  1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman  The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''

neg: Dark Knight (nickname) The Dark Knight is the nickname of the superhero Batman who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics . Batman was first referred to by the nickname in Batman # 1 ( Spring 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger .

neg: The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels .   Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .

neg: The Dark Knight (video game) The Dark Knight is a cancelled action video game loosely based on the film of the same name . The game was unofficially announced in the summer of 2007 to be developed by Pandemic Studios as an open world Batman game .   The game was confirmed , albeit unofficially , on July 18 , 2008 by actor Gary Oldman during an interview with G4 's Kristin Adams . In his interview on GameTrailers , Oldman said he knew an awful lot of effort had gone into getting Batman 's gliding abilities to feel suitably smooth and fluid for The Dark Knight game . Oldman , who reprised his role as Lt. Jim Gordon , did not name a developer in the interview but anonymous sources reported that The Dark Knight was a secret project of Pandemic Studios and EA .   Despite prior speculation , no further announcements were made regarding production of the game , even upon the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of the films on December 9 , 2008 in the United States . According to a Newsweek article , the lack of a game at the same time of the movie 's release may have cost an estimated $ 101 million in missed revenue . EA and Pandemic Studios had announced that the game would come out on the PlayStation 3 . Pandemic Brisbane , who were responsible for developing this game , has since been shut down and the project cancelled . In 2009 , Warner Bros. would instead publish Batman : Arkham Asylum with Rocksteady Studios as the developer , which would start the Batman : Arkham series .

neg: Golden Knight The Golden Knight is a fictional character , a comic book knight published by DC Comics . He first appeared in The Demon vol . 3 , # 20 ( February 1992 ) , and was created by Alan Grant and Val Semeiks . The character is based on the mythical knight Percival as defined by Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished fifth romance , Perceval , le Conte du Graal ( Perceval , the Story of the Grail ) .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Jedi Academy trilogy The Jedi Academy trilogy is a trilogy of science fiction novels set in the Star Wars expanded universe . Written by Kevin J. Anderson , the plot takes place around seven years after the events of Return of the Jedi , in 11 ABY . The series chronicles Luke Skywalker 's early attempts to rebuild the Jedi Order after the defeat of the Emperor . Some of the events in the trilogy are retold from a different perspective in I , Jedi by Michael A. Stackpole .