query: Adam Sandler works in film.

pos: Adam Sandler Adam Richard Sandler ( born September 9 , 1966 ) is an American actor , comedian , screenwriter , film producer , and musician . After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member , Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $ 2 billion at the box office . He is best known for his comedic roles , such as in the films Billy Madison ( 1995 ) , the sports comedies Happy Gilmore ( 1996 ) and The Waterboy ( 1998 ) , the romantic comedy The Wedding Singer ( 1998 ) , Big Daddy ( 1999 ) , and Mr. Deeds ( 2002 ) , and voicing Dracula in Hotel Transylvania ( 2012 ) and Hotel Transylvania 2 ( 2015 ) . Several of his movies , most notably the widely panned Jack and Jill , have gained harsh criticism , culminating in a shared second place in the number of Raspberry Awards ( 3 ) and Raspberry Award Nominations ( 11 ) , in both cases second only to Sylvester Stallone . He has ventured into more dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love ( 2002 ) , Spanglish ( 2004 ) , Reign Over Me ( 2007 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) and The Meyerowitz Stories ( 2017 ) .   Sandler has released five comedy albums in his career . They 're All Gon na Laugh at You ! ( 1993 ) and What the Hell Happened to Me ? ( 1996 ) are both certified double-platinum . In 1999 , Sandler founded Happy Madison Productions .

neg: The Last Unicorn (film) The Last Unicorn is a 1982 animated fantasy film directed and produced by Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass . It was produced by Rankin/Bass Productions for ITC Entertainment and animated by Topcraft . Based on the novel The Last Unicorn written by Peter S. Beagle , who also wrote the film 's screenplay , the film is about a unicorn who , upon learning that she is the last of her species in the world , goes on a quest to find out what has happened to the others of her kind .   The film includes the voices of Alan Arkin , Jeff Bridges , Mia Farrow , Angela Lansbury , and Christopher Lee . The musical score and the songs were composed and arranged by Jimmy Webb , and performed by the group America and the London Symphony Orchestra , with additional vocals provided by Lucy Mitchell . The film earned $ 2,250,000 on its opening weekend and grossed $ 6,455,330 domestically .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: The Shortcut The Shortcut is a 2009 American horror film directed by Nicholaus Goossen . The film stars Andrew Seeley , Shannon Woodward , Dave Franco and Katrina Bowden . Adam Sandler 's production company , Happy Madison Productions ( under the name Scary Madison Productions ) made it and Sandler served as an executive producer . The film was released direct-to-DVD on September 29 , 2009 in the United States .

neg: Adam Davenport Adam Davenport ( born May 27 , 1984 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , stage actor and music producer .

neg: Adamah (film) Adama is a motion picture produced in Mandatory Palestine shortly before the establishment of Israel . It was directed by Hkielmar Lers and filmed during 1947-1948 . The plot of the film focuses on the life of a Jewish boy , who was a Holocaust survivor , trying to rehabilitate himself from the traumas he experienced by working on the land and establishing social relationships while living in the youth village Ben Shemen . The initiator of the film was Dr. Siegfried Lehman the founder of Ben Shemen . He was motivated by a desire to show the world the educational system used in the village and he also had hopes of using the film as a tool for fundraising . The actors in the film were actual pupils in the village and the educational staff also participated in the production .

neg: Mark Nadler Mark Nadler is a New York City-based cabaret performer , actor and comedic pianist . He has been described as `` one of New York 's most acclaimed singer/pianists '' and a `` virtuoso '' of classical piano .   Nadler was born and raised in Waterloo , Iowa . He took an interest in Broadway musicals from a young age , and was a fan of Danny Kaye , Mahalia Jackson , Jimmy Durante , the Marx Brothers and Bugs Bunny . At the age of ten , he began performing professionally at the Long Straw Saloon in Cedar Falls , Iowa . As the gay son of Jewish immigrants , he felt out of place in the Midwestern town . He studied at the Interlochen Arts Academy in 1981 before moving to Manhattan at age 17 .   In 2004 Nadler and his partner hosted a `` Bark Mitzvah '' for their wheaten terrier , Admiral Rufus K. Boom , as a commentary on the frivolity and excess of Bar Mitzvah engagements at which Nadler had performed earlier in his career .   Nadler frequently has collaborated with singer KT Sullivan . He has written and performed in dozens of touring , Broadway , and off-Broadway productions , as well as on television programs . Some of his more notable productions include American Rhapsody , an off-Broadway revue based on George Gershwin that won the Manhattan Association of Cabarets Award for Outstanding Musical Revue and was nominated for a Drama Desk Award and two Lucille Lortel Awards ; Red Light , an `` opera in honky-tonk '' co-written with Dawn Hampton , which also won a MAC Award ; Tchaikovsky ( and Other Russians ) , performed at the Algonquin Hotel and the American Conservatory Theater , among other venues , which won the 2003 Bistro Award ; and Russian on the Side , based on the Ira Gershwin/Kurt Weill patter song `` Tchaikovsky ( and Other Russians ) '' , which played the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and the Marines Memorial Theater in San Francisco , California .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Adam's Wall Adam 's Wall is a Canadian film released in Montreal on October 17 , 2008 . The film is directed by Michael Mackenzie , who also co-wrote the film with Dana Schoel and produced by Ziad Touma of Couzin Films and by Olivier Sirois . The film 's original music is composed by Benoît Charest .   The cast stars Jesse Aaron Dwyre as Adam Levy , Flavia Bechara as Yasmine Gibran , Paul Ahmarani as Najeeb Gibran , Gabriel Gascon as Rabbi Levy , Tyrone Benskin as Mostafa and Maxim Roy as Christine . Younger Adam is played by Kyler Nesrallah .

neg: Bolero (1984 film) Bolero is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Bo Derek , and written and directed by her husband John Derek . The film centers on the protagonist 's sexual awakening and her journey around the world to pursue an ideal first lover who will take her virginity .   Despite minor commercial success , the film was critically panned , earning nominations for nine Golden Raspberry Awards at the 5th Golden Raspberry Awards and `` winning '' six , including the Worst Picture .

neg: Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star Bucky Larson : Born to Be a Star is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Happy Madison Productions and distributed by Columbia Pictures . Adam Sandler , Allen Covert , and Nick Swardson ( as the film 's lead actor ) co-wrote the script and Tom Brady directed . It was released on September 9 , 2011 . It was a disastrous box office bomb and was overwhelmingly panned by film critics , earning a 0 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes . It was nominated for six Razzies , including the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture , but lost to the film Jack and Jill , another film from Happy Madison Productions .

neg: Eve Sandler Eve Sandler is an American painter , filmmaker and multi-media artist in the style of Abstract Expressionism . Sandler , born in Harlem , is the daughter of Harlem-based painter Alvin Sandler and sister of filmmaker Kathe Sandler .   Sandler 's multimedia installation `` Mami Wata Crossing '' was part of the 2008 exhibition , `` Mami Wata : Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and Its Diasporas '' at the Fowler Museum . The work examined connections between the pan-African water goddess Mami Wata , genealogy and the middle passage .   Sandler was a part of the Black Women Artists group , along with Carole Byard , Nanette Carter and Howardena Pindell . Sandler was a 1990-1991 resident at the Studio Museum in Harlem . Her work has been exhibited in institutions such as The Bronx Museum of the Arts .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: The Santa Clause (film series) The Santa Clause is a series of comedy films starring Tim Allen . The film series began with The Santa Clause ( 1994 ) . It was followed by The Santa Clause 2 ( 2002 ) and The Santa Clause 3 : The Escape Clause ( 2006 ) . The series experienced a diminishing critical reception with each subsequent film .

neg: Sand (1949 film) Sand is a 1949 American Western film directed by Louis King and starring Mark Stevens , Coleen Gray , and Rory Calhoun . It was nominated at the 22nd Academy Awards for Best Cinematography ( color ) - which Charles G. Clarke was nominated for .

neg: The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .

neg: Coast to Coast (1980 film) Coast to Coast is a 1980 comedy film starring Dyan Cannon and Robert Blake , directed by Joseph Sargent . The screenplay was written by Stanley Weiser . The original score was composed by Charles Bernstein . The film was shot in Stockton , California . The film 's tagline is : `` Either way , love will win in the end . ''

neg: Original Film Original Film is an American film production company founded by Neal H. Moritz .

neg: Memorial Branch Memorial Branch is a branch library of the Los Angeles Public Library . It was built in 1930 based on a Gothic Revival design by architect John C. Austin , also noted as the lead architect of the Griffith Observatory and the Hollywood Masonic Temple . The library includes a large heraldic work of stained glass created by the artists at Judson Studios .   In 1987 , the Memorial Branch and several other branch libraries in Los Angeles were added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic group submission . The application noted that the branch libraries had been constructed in a variety of period revival styles to house the initial branch library system of the City of Los Angeles . In the movie , Bedtime Stories , starring Adam Sandler , this library serves as the children 's elementary school .   The Library underwent a major restoration in the mid-1990s , reopening in 1996 . The library relocated to office space near John Burroughs Middle School in the interim .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: The Waterboy The Waterboy is a 1998 American sports comedy film directed by Frank Coraci ( who played Robert ` Roberto ' Boucher , Sr. ) , starring Adam Sandler , Kathy Bates , Fairuza Balk , Henry Winkler , Jerry Reed ( his last film role before his death in 2008 ) , Larry Gilliard , Jr. , Blake Clark , Peter Dante and Jonathan Loughran , and produced by Robert Simonds and Jack Giarraputo .   Lynn Swann , Lawrence Taylor , Jimmy Johnson , Bill Cowher , Paul `` The Big Show '' Wight and Rob Schneider have cameo appearances . The movie was extremely profitable , earning $ 161.5 million in North America alone . This was Sandler 's second film to eclipse $ 120 million worldwide in 1998 along with The Wedding Singer .   Adam Sandler 's character , Bobby Boucher ( pronounced -LSB- buː ' ʃeɪ -RSB- ) , bears a strong resemblance to his `` The Excited Southerner '' comedic skits from his album What the Hell Happened to Me ? The portrayal is one of a stereotypical Cajun from the bayous of South Louisiana , not the typical stereotype of a Southerner . He also shares similarities in speech and mannerism to Canteen Boy , a recurring character , also portrayed by Sandler , on Saturday Night Live . Like Bobby , Canteen Boy was a soft-spoken manchild who preferred `` purified water , right out of the old canteen , '' which he always carried with him .


query: The only party in control during Nazi Germany was the Labor Party and they took hands off control of the country.

pos: Nazi Germany Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945 , when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) . Under Hitler 's rule , Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over nearly all aspects of life . The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich ( `` Greater German Reich '' ) from 1943 to 1945 . The period is also known under the names the Third Reich ( Drittes Reich ) and the National Socialist Period ( Zeit des Nationalsozialismus , abbreviated as NS-Zeit ) . The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe .   Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933 . The Nazi Party then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power . Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 , and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the powers and offices of the Chancellery and Presidency . A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer ( leader ) of Germany . All power was centralised in Hitler 's person , and his word became above all laws . The government was not a coordinated , co-operating body , but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler 's favour . In the midst of the Great Depression , the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy . Extensive public works were undertaken , including the construction of Autobahnen ( motorways ) . The return to economic stability boosted the regime 's popularity .   Racism , especially antisemitism , was a central feature of the regime . The Germanic peoples ( the Nordic race ) were considered by the Nazis to be the purest branch of the Aryan race , and were therefore viewed as the master race . Millions of Jews and other peoples deemed undesirable by the state were murdered in the Holocaust . Opposition to Hitler 's rule was ruthlessly suppressed . Members of the liberal , socialist , and communist opposition were killed , imprisoned , or exiled . Christian churches were also oppressed , with many leaders imprisoned . Education focused on racial biology , population policy , and fitness for military service . Career and educational opportunities for women were curtailed . Recreation and tourism were organised via the Strength Through Joy program , and the 1936 Summer Olympics showcased the Third Reich on the international stage . Propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels made effective use of film , mass rallies , and Hitler 's hypnotic oratory to control public opinion . The government controlled artistic expression , promoting specific art forms and banning or discouraging others .   Beginning in the late 1930s , Nazi Germany made increasingly aggressive territorial demands , threatening war if they were not met . It seized Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1939 . Hitler made a non-aggression pact with Joseph Stalin and invaded Poland in September 1939 , launching World War II in Europe . In alliance with Italy and smaller Axis powers , Germany conquered most of Europe by 1940 and threatened Great Britain . Reichskommissariats took control of conquered areas , and a German administration was established in what was left of Poland . Jews and others deemed undesirable were imprisoned , murdered in Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps , or shot .   Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 , the tide gradually turned against the Nazis , who suffered major military defeats in 1943 . Large-scale aerial bombing of Germany escalated in 1944 , and the Axis powers were pushed back in Eastern and Southern Europe . Following the Allied invasion of France , Germany was conquered by the Soviet Union from the east and the other Allied powers from the west and capitulated within a year . Hitler 's refusal to admit defeat led to massive destruction of German infrastructure and additional war-related deaths in the closing months of the war . The victorious Allies initiated a policy of denazification and put many of the surviving Nazi leadership on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials .

neg: German federal election, 1928 Federal elections were held in Germany on 20 May 1928 . The Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 153 of the 491 seats . Voter turnout was 75.6 % .   The only two parties to gain significantly were the SPD , who polled almost a third of votes , and the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) , completing a thorough victory of the left wing . However , although the SPD now had 153 seats , it still failed to gain a clear majority , resulting in another coalition government led by Hermann Müller . Following his appointment , Müller , who had already been Germany 's Chancellor for 4 months in 1920 , created a grand coalition of members of the SPD , the German Democratic Party , the Centre Party and the German People 's Party . The coalition was plagued by internal divisions right from the beginning , with each party more concerned with their self-interest than the interest of the government and eventually Müller asked President Paul von Hindenburg for emergency powers . When Hindenburg refused , Müller resigned , marking the end of the ` last genuinely democratic government of the Weimar Republic ' on 27 March 1930 .   The recently-reformed Nazi Party contested the elections after the ban on the party was lifted in 1925 . However , the party received less than 3 % of the vote and won just 12 seats in the Reichstag . Adolf Hitler , who had been incarcerated in Landsberg prison for his involvement in the Beer Hall Putsch until Christmas 1924 , had concentrated on re-establishing himself as the leader of the Nazi Party following his release rather than on the party 's electability .

neg: Industrial Union Party The Industrial Union Party ( IUP ) was a US DeLeonist political party . The party proclaimed itself on 7 July 1933 at 1032 Prospect Avenue , Bronx , Branch headquarters of its predecessor Industrial Union League ( IUL ) . The new IUP immediately announced candidates in the New York City elections : Adolph Silver for Mayor , Irving Oring for Comptroller , and Sam Brandon for President of Alderman .   The party 's publication , the Industrial Unionist , was published first in May 1932 with its final issue in 1950 . Most of the IUP would later reconstitute itself as the League for Socialist Reconstruction   Noting the roots of IUP in the Socialist Labor Party ( SLP ) , IUP 's split from the SLP reflected the impact of the Great Depression and the inability of the SLP to adjust to new events . Yet the immediate roots of the Industrial Union League were in the SLP 's mass expulsion of Section Bronx during the 1920s . ( Industrial Unionist did not appear until 1932 , but its first issue included Louis Lazarowitz ' review of Walter H. Senior 's The Bankruptcy of Reform , published by the Industrial Union League itself ) .   In November 1933 a furniture union in Jamestown , New York , the United Workers of America , was founded on industrial unionist principles compatible with the views of the IUP . The union affiliated with the Bronx-based party in December of that year , and soon formed a `` mixed trades '' local in Erie , Pennsylvania .

neg: National Socialist Party (Romania) The National Socialist Party ( formally Nationalist-Socialist Party of Romania ; Romanian : Partidul Național-Socialist din România , PNSR ) or Steel Testudo ( Pavăza de Oțel ) was a mimetic Nazi political party , active in Romania during the early 1930s . It was led by Colonel Ștefan Tătărescu , the brother of Gheorghe Tătărescu ( twice Prime Minister of Romania during that interval ) , and existed around the newspaper Crez Nou . One of several far-right factions competing unsuccessfully against the Iron Guard for support , the group made little headway , and existed at times as a satellite of the National-Christian Defense League .   The PNSR proposed a program of corporatism and statism , promising a basic income , full employment , and limits on capitalist profits . It was anticommunist generally , and in particular anti-Soviet , circulating the theory of Jewish Bolshevism while describing its own program as the alternative , `` positive '' , socialism . The party also claimed for itself the banner of Christianity , which it associated with calls for social reorganization and the expulsion or segregation of Romanian Jews . Its Germanophilia and antisemitism were supplemented by shows of support for the policies of King Carol II .   The PNSR ' ideological stance , exotic in its Romanian context , found favor in Nazi Germany , notably from Alfred Rosenberg . Overall , the PNSR failed in its bid to establish a pan-fascist alliance in Romania , and , despite being nativist , functioned as a magnet for Transylvanian Saxons , Bessarabia Germans , and Russian émigrés . Tătărescu was received officially by his German patrons , who also provided the PNSR with funds , but eventually dropped by them for his unpopularity and alleged corruption . In late 1933 , under the antifascist Prime Minister Ion G. Duca , the party was repressed .   Tătărescu exercised some influence over his brother 's government in 1934 , helping to steer the country away from its traditional alliances , but failed in his attempt to obtain arms deals for Germany . Disavowed by both its Nazi backers and Gheorghe Tătărescu , the party moderated its stances , then disappeared from the political scene in July 1934 . Its Saxon chapter , under Fritz Fabritius , reemerged as the German People 's Party the following year .

neg: German Party (1947) The German Party ( Deutsche Partei , DP ) was a Conservative political party in West Germany during the post-war years .

neg: Ideology of the SS The ideology espoused by the Schutzstaffel ( `` Protection Squadron '' ; SS ) , a paramilitary force and instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany , emphasized a racist vision of `` racial purity '' , antisemitism , and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany .   SS men were indoctrinated with the belief they were members of a `` master race '' . The ideology of the SS was , even more so than in Nazism in general , built on the belief in a superior `` Aryan race '' . This led to the SS playing the main role in political violence and crimes against humanity , including the Holocaust and `` mercy killing '' of those with congenital illnesses . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , the SS and Nazi Party were found to be criminal organizations at the Nuremberg Trials .

neg: Right-wing politics Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable , natural , normal , or desirable , typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law , economics or tradition . Hierarchy and inequality may be viewed as natural results of traditional social differences or the competition in market economies . The term right-wing can generally refer to `` the conservative or reactionary section of a political party or system . ''   The political terms Right and Left were first used during the French Revolution ( 1789 -- 99 ) , and referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament ; those who sat to the right of the chair of the parliamentary president were broadly supportive of the institutions of the monarchist Ancien Régime . The original Right in France was formed as a reaction against the Left , and comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy , tradition , and clericalism . The use of the expression la droite ( the right ) became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815 , when it was applied to the Ultra-royalists . The people of English-speaking countries did not apply the terms `` right '' and `` left '' to their own politics until the 20th century .   Although the right-wing originated with traditional conservatives , monarchists and reactionaries , the term extreme right-wing has also been applied to movements including fascists , Nazis , and racial supremacists . From the 1830s to the 1880s , there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy , moving away from nobility and aristocracy towards capitalism . This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre right movements such as the British Conservative Party , which responded by becoming supportive of capitalism . In the United States , the Right includes both economic and social conservatives . In Europe , economic conservatives are usually considered liberal , and the Right includes nationalists , nativist opposition to immigration , religious conservatives , and historically a significant presence of right-wing movements with anti-capitalist sentiments including conservatives and fascists who opposed what they saw as the selfishness and excessive materialism inherent in contemporary capitalism .

neg: Luxembourg general election, 1945 General elections were held in Luxembourg on 21 October 1945 . They were the first elections held after the German occupation during World War II . As a result of the war , the political alliances of the interwar period had been ended . In their place were new parties ; the Christian Social People 's Party , the Luxembourg Socialist Workers ' Party , and the Patriotic and Democratic Group in place of the Party of the Right , Socialist Party , and Radical Liberal Party respectively . It is regarded as a realigning election , as the election established the party political order , with four established parties , that would be maintained until 1974 .   The conservatives remained the dominant faction , and the Christian Social People 's Party 's leader , Pierre Dupong , was invited to head another government . The election was also a success for both liberal and communist candidates , with both the Patriotic and Democratic Group and the Communist Party gaining four more seats than in the last election before the war . To restore political stability , Grand Duchess Charlotte asked Dupong to create a more broad-based coalition than the preceding Liberation Government . The resulting National Union Government would embrace all four political parties , and also include the solitary independent , guaranteeing the support of the whole Chamber of Deputies . The government remained in place until 1947 .

neg: National Partnership National Partnership ( Národní souručenství , NS , in Nationale Gemeinschaft ) was the only authorized political party in Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . It had mandatory membership for all male full-aged citizens of the Protectorate .   Party were established as reaction to German occupation of Czechoslovakia and it was root for Czech collaboration during World War II . Two parties -- Party of National Unity and National Labour Party -- merged on appeal of President Emil Hácha on 21 March 1939 and established National Partnership as the nationwide party . On 6 April 1939 the party was declared as only political party in Bohemia and Moravia .   Prime Minister of Bohemia and Moravia Alois Eliáš was in connection with Czechoslovak government-in-exile and helped Czech Resistance movement until he was executed in June 1942 .   After the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in 1942 , Emanuel Moravec gain factual propaganda influence . Since 15 January 1943 party ceased to fulfill the functions of political party and became even larger propaganda machine of the Nazi regime .

neg: Flensburg Government The Flensburg Government ( Flensburger Regierung ) , also known as the Flensburg Cabinet ( Flensburger Kabinett ) , the Dönitz Government ( Regierung Dönitz ) , or the Schwerin von Krosigk Cabinet ( Kabinett Schwerin von Krosigk ) , was the short-lived government of Nazi Germany during a period of three weeks around the end of World War II in Europe . The government was formed following the suicide of Adolf Hitler on 30 April during the Battle of Berlin . It was headed by Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as the Reichspräsident and Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk as the Leading Minister .   The administration was referred to as the `` Flensburg Government '' because Dönitz 's headquarters had been relocated in the port of Flensburg in northern Germany on 3 May 1945 . Due to the rapid Allied advance , its nominal jurisdiction at the outset was limited to a narrow wedge of territory running from the Austrian border through Berlin to the Danish border ; which , since 25 April 1945 , had been cut in two by the American advance to join with Soviet forces at Torgau on the Elbe . Following the capitulation of all German armed forces on 8 May , the Flensburg government lost all direct territorial , military or civil jurisdiction , and all diplomatic relations were withdrawn . The western Allies allowed it to continue to meet and conduct what business it could until 23 May .

neg: Wilhelm Karpenstein Wilhelm Karpenstein ( born 24 May 1903 in Frankfurt am Main -- died 2 May 1968 in Lauterbach , Hesse ) was a German Nazi Party politician . He served as Gauleiter of Pomerania during the early days of the Third Reich .   Karpenstein was elected to the Reichstag in the 1930 election and served as a Nazi Party deputy until the end of the Second World War . He was appointed the party 's Gauleiter in Pomerania in 1931 .   Immediately after the Nazis came to power a significant amount of autonomy lay with the gauleiters and their radicalism threatened to disrupt the relationship between Adolf Hitler and the middle classes that had helped to ensure his election . Karpenstein was one of the few who did not offer this problem as he was conservative and pro-middle class . Nevertheless , he did not miss the opportunity to increase his personal power in the early days of Nazism and sought to make all of the churches , government officials and media outlets in Pomerania answerable to him directly .   Karpenstein however , despite not holding left-wing economic ideas , was too weak to control the dissident sentiments emerging from the Sturmabteilung in Pomerania , which was one of their power bases . As a result , Karpenstein was one of those to be purged during the Night of the Long Knives , although his lack of direct involvement with the SA meant that he was not killed but rather sacked in favour of Franz Schwede-Coburg . Ostensibly however Karpenstein was dismissed for his supposed links to Gregor Strasser and his failure to work with Hermann Göring .

neg: Burgfriedenspolitik Burgfriedenspolitik ( -LSB- ˈbʊʁkfʁiːdn̩s.poliˌtiːk -RSB- ) -- literally `` castle peace politics '' but more accurately a political policy of `` party truce '' -- is a German term used for the political truce the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the other political parties agreed to during World War I . The trade unions refrained from striking , the SPD voted for war credits in the Reichstag and the parties agreed not to criticize the government and its war . There were several reasons for the Burgfrieden politics : the Social Democrats believed it was their patriotic duty to support the government in war ; they were afraid of government repression should they protest against the war ; they feared living under an autocratic Russian Czar more than the German constitutional monarchy and its Kaiser ; and they hoped to achieve political reforms after the war , including the abrogation of the inequitable three-class voting system , by cooperating with the government .   The only member of parliament of any party to vote against war credits in the second session was Karl Liebknecht . In the third session on 20 March 1915 , Otto Rühle joined him . Over the course of the war the number of SPD politicians opposed to the war steadily increased . Their resistance against the Burgfrieden politics led to the expulsion of Liebknecht , Rosa Luxemburg , Clara Zetkin , and others from the SPD . These went on to found the Spartacist League , the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany ( USPD ) , and the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) .   The only trade union to refuse the Burgfrieden was the Free Association of German Trade Unions ( FVdG ) , which would later become the Free Workers ' Union of Germany ( FAUD ) .

neg: Lebensraum The German concept of Lebensraum ( -LSB- ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm -RSB- , `` living space '' ) refers to policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s . First popularized around 1901 , Lebensraum became a geopolitical goal of Imperial Germany in World War I ( 1914 -- 1918 ) originally , as the core element of the Septemberprogramm of territorial expansion . The most extreme form of this ideology was supported by the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) and Nazi Germany until the end of World War II .   Following Adolf Hitler 's rise to power Lebensraum became an ideological principle of Nazism , and provided justification for the German territorial expansion into East-Central Europe . The Nazi Generalplan Ost policy ( the Master Plan for the East ) was based on its tenets . It stipulated that most of the indigenous populations of Eastern Europe would have to be removed permanently ( either through mass deportation to Siberia , death , or enslavement ) including Polish , Ukrainian , Russian , and other Slavic nations considered racially inferior and non-Aryan . The Nazi government aimed at repopulating these lands with Germanic colonists in the name of Lebensraum during World War II and thereafter . The entire populations were to be decimated by starvation , allowing for their own agricultural surplus to feed Germany .   Hitler 's strategic program for world domination was based on the belief in the power of Lebensraum , pursued by a racially superior society . People deemed to be part of inferior races , within the territory of Lebensraum expansion , were subjected to expulsion or destruction . The eugenics of Lebensraum assumed the right of the German Aryan master race ( Herrenvolk ) to remove indigenous people they considered to be of inferior racial stock ( Untermenschen ) in the name of their own living space . Nazi Germany also supported other ` Aryan ' nations ' pursuing their own Lebensraum , including Fascist Italy 's Spazio vitale .

neg: German resistance to Nazism German resistance to Nazism ( German : Widerstand ) was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945 . Some of these engaged in active plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power and overthrow his regime .   The term German resistance should not be understood as meaning that there was a united resistance movement in Germany at any time during the Nazi period , analogous to the more coordinated Polish Underground State , Greek Resistance , Yugoslav Partisans , French Resistance , Dutch Resistance , Norwegian resistance movement and Italian Resistance . The German resistance consisted of small and usually isolated groups . They were unable to mobilize political opposition . Save for individual attacks on Nazis ( including Hitler ) or sabotage acts , the only real strategy was to persuade leaders of the Wehrmacht to stage a coup against the regime : the 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler was intended to trigger such a coup .   Approximately 77,000 German citizens were killed for one or another form of resistance by Special Courts , courts-martial , People 's Court and the civil justice system . Many of these Germans had served in government , the military , or in civil positions , which enabled them to engage in subversion and conspiracy ; in addition the Canadian historian Peter Hoffman counts unspecified `` tens of thousands '' in concentration camps who were either suspected or actually engaged in opposition . By contrast , the German historian Hans Mommsen wrote that resistance in Germany was `` resistance without the people '' and that the number of those Germans engaged in resistance to the Nazi regime was very small . The resistance in Germany included German citizens of non-German ethnicity , such as members of the Polish minority who formed resistance groups like Olimp .

neg: League of American Writers The League of American Writers was an association of American novelists , playwrights , poets , journalists , and literary critics launched by the Communist Party USA ( CPUSA ) in 1935 . The group included Communist Party members , and so-called `` fellow travelers '' who closely followed the Communist Party 's political line without being formal party members , as well as individuals sympathetic to specific policies being advocated by the organization .   The League 's policy objectives changed over time in accord with the shifting party line of the CPUSA . Beginning as an anti-fascist organization in 1935 , the League turned to an anti-war position following the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 and to a pro-war position after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 . The organization was prominent in the defense of Republican Spain during the Spanish Civil War and in providing financial and moral support to writers in need in the United States and internationally .   The organization was terminated in January 1943 .

neg: German People's Union The German People 's Union ( Deutsche Volksunion , DVU , also Liste D ) was a right-wing political party in Germany . It was founded by publisher Gerhard Frey as an informal association in 1971 and established as a party in 1987 . Financially , it was largely dependent on Frey . In 2011 , it merged with the National Democratic Party of Germany ( NPD ) .   The party never reached the five-percent minimum in federal elections that is generally necessary to enter the Bundestag . The DVU won seats in several state parliaments .   In 2004 , the DVU entered a non-competition agreement with the far-right NPD for the state elections in Brandenburg and Saxony . Both parties passed the five-percent threshold in their respective states . The DVU reached 6.1 percent in the Brandenburg state elections , and the NPD won 9.2 percent in the Saxony state elections . After this relatively successful election , the parties formed an electoral alliance for the 2005 federal elections . The joint NPD-DVU slate , which ran under the NPD 's ballot line , won 1.6 percent of the total votes nationally .   In 2009 , party founder Frey did not run for reelection as chairman and was replaced by Matthias Faust . In 2010 , a referendum of party members approved a merger of the DVU and the NPD . Several state sections of the DVU objected to the merger and achieved a preliminary injunction from the Landgericht Munich based on irregularities during the referendum . On May 26 , 2012 , these objections were withdrawn and the DVU was declared defunct . Several branches and individuals objected to the perceived links between the NPD and Nazism , and instead joined with the smaller party the Republicans , who were considered more moderate . This was especially true in North Rhine Westphalia and Bavaria , where the Republicans were traditionally strongest . Some other individuals formed a new party called Die Rechte ( meaning `` the Right '' ) .

neg: Labor Party (United States, 1996) The Labor Party was an American social democratic political party advocating workers ' interests . Membership at one point reached about 5,000 .   The party was formed in 1996 by the United Mine Workers , International Longshore and Warehouse Union , American Federation of Government Employees , California Nurses Association , and hundreds of other local labor unions . From the beginning a dispute over the Party 's running of candidates arose with many of the official unions totally opposed to running candidates that might cause the defeat of their normal Democratic allies . Smaller locals and left union activists on the other had pushed for a clean break with the Democratic Party . This issue was debated internally for years until 1999 when the Party 's leadership agreed to some endorsements of Labor Party members running . In 2001 the Labor Party endorsed labor sponsored independent candidates in San Francisco and Ohio local elections . After the 2000 elections even symbolic support dripped away . The future of the party remains uncertain , particularly after the 2002 death of Tony Mazzocchi , the founding national organizer . All of the founding unions continued to actively support Democratic Party candidates .   In December 2005 , the South Carolina Labor Party announced that it would seek ballot status in South Carolina and run a candidate in the 2006 legislative elections . Labor Party News quoted Leonard Riley , President of the Charleston International Longshoremen 's Association Local 1422 as saying , `` Given the results of the past few elections , I think the workers of South Carolina would jump at the opportunity to consider a Labor Party which would guarantee an uncompromising voice for working people on their issues . '' Although South Carolina law permitted electoral fusion , the Labor Party pledged not to endorse candidates of any other party .   Party officials acknowledged that the choice of South Carolina may have seemed unusual due to the fact that the state had the second lowest concentration of union workers in the United States . However , party officials said that the relatively high unemployment rate , the decline in the textile industry , and the indifference of the state Democratic and Republican parties to the interests of working people , African-Americans and women created a political space for the Labor Party . The party submitted 16,500 signatures on July 11 , 2006 . If 10,000 of the signatures were valid , the party would be qualified for the 2007 and 2008 elections . This effort was apparently unrelated to the concurrent attempt of the Working Families Party to gain ballot access in South Carolina , a state that allows electoral fusion . In July 2007 Ballot Access News reported that the SCLP was attempting to recruit candidates .   The party suspended active operations in 2007 but a group said to affiliated with the party nominated one candidate for the South Carolina State House for 2010 . The candidate , Brett Bursey , received 442 votes , or 3.06 % .   In December 2012 Mark Dudzic wrote an article in which he said confirmed that the party had suspended operations in 2007 . While some have taken this to mean that he said that the time was currently not right for the Labor Party to exist , others have seen this as a start of a discussion about the future of the Labor Party .

neg: National Party (United States) The National Party was an early-20th-century national political organization in the United States founded by pro-war defectors from the Socialist Party of America in 1917 . These adherents of the SPA Right first formed a non-partisan national society to propagandize the socialist idea called the Social Democratic League of America . Many of these individuals were eager for the formation of an alternative political organization to both the so-called `` old '' parties and the anti-war Socialist Party of America and eagerly latched on to a burgeoning movement for a new party that sprouted in 1917 .

neg: German–Soviet Axis talks In October and November 1940 , German -- Soviet Axis talks occurred concerning the Soviet Union 's potential entry as a fourth Axis Power in World War II . The negotiations , which occurred during the era of the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact and the German-Soviet Commercial Agreement , included a two-day Berlin conference between Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov , Adolf Hitler and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop , followed by both countries trading written proposed agreements . After two days of negotiations from 12 to 14 November 1940 , Germany presented the Soviets with a draft written Axis pact agreement defining the world spheres of influence of the four proposed Axis powers ( Japan , Germany , Soviet Union , Italy ) . Hitler , Ribbentrop and Molotov tried to set German and Soviet spheres of influence ; Hitler encouraged Molotov to look south to Iran and eventually India while preserving German access to Finland 's resources , and to remove Soviet influence in the Balkans . Molotov remained firm , seeking to remove German troops from Finland and gain a warm water port in the Balkans . Soviet foreign policy calculations were predicated by the idea that the war would be a long - term struggle and therefore German claims that Britain would be defeated swiftly were treated with scepticism . In addition Stalin sought to remain influential in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia . These factors resulted in Molotov taking a firm line . According to a Columbia University academical source , on 25 November 1940 , the Soviets presented a Stalin-drafted written counterproposal where they would accept the four power pact , but it included Soviet rights to Bulgaria and a world sphere of influence centered on the area around modern Iraq and Iran . Germany did not respond , leaving the negotiations unresolved . Regarding the counterproposal , Hitler remarked to his top military chiefs that Stalin `` demands more and more '' , `` he 's a cold-blooded blackmailer '' and that `` a German victory has become unbearable for Russia '' so that `` she must be brought to her knees as soon as possible . '' Germany ended the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in June 1941 by invading the Soviet Union .

neg: History of the Labour Party (Ireland) The Labour Party has been part of the political scene in the Republic of Ireland throughout that state 's existence . Although never attracting majority support , it has repeatedly participated in coalition governments .   The party was established in 1912 by James Connolly and others as the political wing of the Irish Trade Union Congress . It intended to participate in a Dublin Parliament that would follow passage of the Home Rule Act 1914 , which was suspended on the outbreak of World War I. Connolly was executed following the Easter Rising in 1916 , and was succeeded as leader by Thomas Johnson . The party stood aside from the elections of 1918 and 1921 , but despite divisions over acceptance of the Anglo-Irish Treaty it did well in the 1922 elections , initially forming the main opposition party in the Dáil Éireann ( parliament ) of the Irish Free State .   The subsequent years were marked by rivalry between factions led by William X. O'Brien and James Larkin , with William Norton becoming leader . Between 1932 and 1938 the Labour Party supported Éamon de Valera 's minority Fianna Fáil government . From 1948 -- 1951 and from 1954 -- 1957 the Labour Party entered government alongside Fine Gael and other parties , with Norton as deputy prime minister . During this period the party also stood for elections in Northern Ireland , after a split in the Northern Ireland Labour Party . In 1960 Brendan Corish became the new Labour leader . As leader he advocated and introduced more socialist policies to the party . Between 1973 and 1987 Labour three times more went into coalition governments with Fine Gael . Dick Spring became leader in 1982 , amid growing controversy within the party over these coalitions and the growth of parties to the left of Labour .   In 1990 Mary Robinson became President of Ireland with Labour support . After mergers with the Democratic Socialist Party and the Independent Socialist Party , Labour performed well in the 1992 general election and formed a coalition with Fianna Fáil , with Spring as deputy prime minister , then in 1994 without a further election joined a coalition with Fine Gael and Democratic Left ( the `` Rainbow Coalition '' ) . After defeat in the 1997 general election , Labour merged with Democratic Left , and the former Democratic Left member Pat Rabbitte became leader in 2002 . Rabbitte implemented the `` Mullingar Accord '' , a pre-election voting pact with Fine Gael , but this did not lead to greater election success for Labour in the 2007 elections , and Rabbitte resigned to be replaced by Eamon Gilmore . The 2011 general election saw one of Labour 's best results , with over 19 % of the first-preference votes . Labour once more entered a coalition government with Fine Gael , and the Irish presidential election later that year saw the Labour Party 's candidate , Michael D. Higgins , elected as President . However , Labour in government experienced a series of dismissals and resignations among its members in the Dáil . In 2014 , Gilmore resigned as party leader after Labour 's poor performance in the European and local elections , and Joan Burton was elected as the new leader .

neg: Netherlands in World War II The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 . The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939 , just as it had in World War I , but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London .   Following the defeat , the Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a small minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps , with the cooperation of much of the Dutch police and civil service .   Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants amongst local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . Nonetheless , and also due to the well organized population registers comparing to other countries , about 70 % of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict ; a much higher percentage than comparable countries , like Belgium and France . However , the city of Amsterdam organized the only industrial action in protest to the persecution of their Jewish fellow citizens ever in all of the Nazi occupied areas .   Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944 . The rest , especially the west and north of the country still under occupation , suffered from a famine at the end of 1944 , known as the `` Hunger Winter '' . On 5 May 1945 , the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all German forces .


query: Matt Smith's first significant part in TV was in the BBC series Party Animals.

pos: Matt Smith (actor) Matthew Robert `` Matt '' Smith ( born 28 October 1982 ) is an English actor . He is best known for his role as the Eleventh Doctor in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who , for which he received a BAFTA Award nomination in 2011 .   Smith initially aspired to be a professional footballer , but spondylolysis forced him out of the sport . After joining the National Youth Theatre and studying Drama and Creative Writing at the University of East Anglia , he became an actor in 2003 , performing in plays like Murder in the Cathedral , Fresh Kills , The History Boys , and On the Shore of the Wide World in London theatres . Extending his repertoire into West End theatre , he has since performed in the stage adaptation of Swimming with Sharks with Christian Slater , followed a year later by a critically acclaimed performance as Henry in That Face .   Smith 's first television role came in 2006 as Jim Taylor in the BBC adaptations of Philip Pullman 's The Ruby in the Smoke and The Shadow in the North , while his first major role in television came as Danny in the 2007 BBC series Party Animals . Smith , who was announced as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor in January 2009 , is the youngest person to play the character in the British television series . He left the series at the end of the 2013 Christmas Day special , `` The Time of the Doctor '' . He portrayed both the physical embodiment and a holographic version of Skynet in Terminator Genisys ( 2015 ) . Since 2016 , he portrays Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh in Peter Morgan 's Netflix biographical drama series The Crown , opposite Claire Foy as Elizabeth II .

neg: The Jack Docherty Show The Jack Docherty Show was a nightly comedy chat show which aired on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom between 1997 and 1999 . Presented by comedian Jack Docherty the programme was one of the first to air on the channel , doing so as part of its opening night schedule on 30 March 1997 . The show was recorded at London 's Whitehall Theatre during the early evening and would then be broadcast in a late-night slot . It featured a mixture of chat with celebrity guests , comedy , and music , and followed a similar format to shows such as NBC 's Late Night with David Letterman in the United States .   Accompanying Docherty and guests was a house band , whose line-up changed from time to time . It was first briefly led by Pete Baikie , followed a few weeks later by Richard Allen . They named the studio band Pete Baikie and the Peetles and Richard Allen and the Allenoids respectively . In September 1997 a new house band , Blair , fronted by Blair MacKichan took over the role and remained until the house band was dispensed with some time in 1998 . MacKichan was better known for his appearance in the Oxo adverts during the 1980s , although he was also an accomplished musician .   Docherty was frequently absent from the programme , usually during school holidays , and when this happened the show was retitled Not The Jack Docherty Show and would be presented by a stand-in . Guest presenters included Phill Jupitus , Graham Norton , Fred McAulay , Carol McGiffin , Melinda Messenger , Rich Hall and Tim Vine . Ironically the role of guest host helped to launch Graham Norton 's television career , and won him the award for best newcomer at the 1997 British Comedy Awards . Docherty -- who was also attending the ceremony -- had expected to win the award himself . Norton went on to front his own series on Channel 4 in 1998 titled So Graham Norton .   Channel 5 had originally wanted to call the show The Docherty Will See You Now , and when first on air it was broadcast five nights a week . However , as the series progressed numbers of episodes were reduced as the channel moved away from its original `` stripped and stranded '' scheduling format , and , in the first instance , because Docherty had requested that he do fewer shows . From September 1997 it dropped to four nights a week when the Friday edition was withdrawn from the schedule , then three in March 1998 after Monday 's episode was also dropped . By September 1998 the series dropped to a Tuesday and Thursday airing , while the Wednesday slot was then taken up with the somewhat similar Melinda 's Big Night In , a chat show hosted by Melinda Messenger . One weekly episode of The Jack Docherty Show was aired during its last few months , before the final edition went out on 23 June 1999 .   The decreasing number of weekly editions also had much to do with the show 's poor viewing figures . Often these would be higher when Docherty was absent , with model Melinda Messenger achieving higher viewing figures when she stood in for him . The show was also panned by critics , particularly when , in 1998 , Docherty decided not to renew his contract with Channel 5 when it expired at the end of that year . In November 1998 a television reviewer in The Independent observed : `` In effect , The Jack Docherty Show ( C5 , Tue and Thur ) is working out its notice . And boy , does it show . It 's as if Docherty is perfunctorily doing his job even as the removal men are dismantling the show and packing it off to the archive . The house band has gone , the flats of the set have been taken down , and the script has been stowed at the bottom of a cardboard box file . '' This sentiment was echoed in the 19 February 1999 edition of Private Eye , which claimed that Docherty had closed one episode with the words , `` In line with Channel 5 policy , it 's past eleven o'clock and time for some tatty pornography '' , and had then simulated fellatio on a pizza salesman . The scene was edited out before broadcast in what Private Eye suggested was a decision influenced by criticism of Channel 5 , which at the time included soft-core pornography in its schedule . In January 2010 , The Guardian '' 's Sam Leith wrote that The Jack Docherty Show '' had `` died a death '' , musing : `` I 'm not sure even Jack Docherty remembers it very well . ''   In March 1999 , Docherty said of his departure that he felt the show had `` burned out '' and was running out of guests . In a 2008 interview he said the role of chat show host had not suited him , and that he had not enjoyed it . `` You would be talking to people about what they were doing , and you actually wanted to be doing it yourself . '' However , the programme is notable for featuring some of the first television work of writers Kevin Cecil and Andy Riley , Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain , and writer/performers David Mitchell and Robert Webb , all of whom have gone on to have successful comedy careers .

neg: Kukly Puppets ( Куклы , lit . `` dolls '' ) was a weekly Russian TV show of political satire , produced by Vasily Grigoryev and shown on Saturdays on the TV channel ViD . It used puppets to represent celebrities , mainly the major politicians . It was inspired by the 1980s -- 90s British show Spitting Image .   The show was well loved in Russia and has inspired spinoffs in other countries . President Vladimir Putin was frequently represented in the show .

neg: Tonight's the Night (TV series) Tonight 's the Night is a BBC Saturday night entertainment television programme which started on BBC One since 18 April 2009 . It is presented by actor and singer John Barrowman .

neg: Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven .   The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill .   Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .

neg: Matt Edmondson Matt Edmondson ( born 27 December 1985 ) is a British television and Sony Award-nominated radio presenter , best known for his work with BBC Radio 1 and ITV2 .   Edmondson currently presents his own BBC Radio 1 show on Saturdays and Sundays from 10am -- 1pm . In 2016 , he co-presented The Xtra Factor alongside Rylan Clark-Neal on ITV2 .

neg: The Young Ones (TV series) The Young Ones is a British sitcom , broadcast in the United Kingdom from 1982 to 1984 in two six-part series . Shown on BBC2 , it featured anarchic , offbeat humour which helped bring alternative comedy to television in the 1980s and made household names of its writers and performers . In 1985 , it was shown on MTV , one of the first non-music television shows on the fledgling channel . In a 2004 poll , it ranked at number 31 in the BBC 's list of Britain 's Best Sitcoms .

neg: The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion .   The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 .   The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .

neg: Saturday Live (UK TV series) Saturday Live was a British television comedy and music show broadcast by Channel 4 from 1985 to 1987 , and in 1988 as Friday Night Live . Influenced by the American show Saturday Night Live ( in particular its use of guest hosts ) , it was produced by Paul Jackson .   The series made stars of Ben Elton , Harry Enfield , Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie , and featured appearances ( in some cases first television appearances ) by Patrick Marber , Morwenna Banks , Chris Barrie , Emo Philips , Tracey Ullman , Craig Ferguson , Craig Charles and many others . The show featured comic duo Adrian Edmondson and Rik Mayall in their act The Dangerous Brothers .   All episodes were transmitted live , although some material was pre-recorded . Recordings of shows were edited into compilation repeats , retitled Saturday Almost Live .   The show was succeeded by Friday Night Live , a shorter and slightly more tightly-formatted show with Elton as the permanent host , which ran for a single series in 1988 . The show 's titles consisted of reforming clay animations , highly comparable to early MTV idents .

neg: Together (2009 film) Together is a short film drama directed by Eicke Bettinga , starring Matt Smith . The film premiered in the International Critics ' Week section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: The Smiths discography The English alternative rock band The Smiths released four studio albums , one extended play ( EP ) , one live album , ten compilation albums , twenty singles , one video album and fourteen music videos on the Rough Trade , Sire and WEA record labels . The band was formed in 1982 in Manchester by vocalist Morrissey , guitarist Johnny Marr , bass player Andy Rourke and drummer Mike Joyce .   The Smiths 's debut single was `` Hand in Glove '' ( May 1983 ) ; it failed to chart . Its follow-up , `` This Charming Man '' ( October 1983 ) , met with critical approval and reached number twenty-five on the UK Singles Chart . In 1984 the band reached number twelve in the UK with the single `` What Difference Does It Make ? '' and went to number two on the UK Albums Chart with their debut album , The Smiths . Their next three singles all went into the top twenty of the charts in the UK , helping to consolidate their previous chart success . The next studio album , Meat Is Murder ( 1985 ) , reached the top of the British charts ; the only single to be released from the album , `` That Joke Is n't Funny Anymore '' ( 1985 ) , failed to break into the UK Top 40 . The Smiths ' next six singles all went to higher than number thirty in the UK , and their third album , The Queen Is Dead ( 1986 ) , climbed to number two in the UK .   Despite The Smiths 's chart success , Marr left the group in August 1987 because of a strained relationship with Morrissey . Failing to find a replacement , The Smiths disbanded by the time of the release of their final studio album , Strangeways , Here We Come , in September that year . Strangeways , Here We Come climbed to number two in the UK and became the band 's highest-charting release in the United States when it reached number fifty-five on the Billboard 200 . In early 1992 WEA acquired the entire back catalogue of The Smiths and produced two compilations -- Best ... I and ... Best II -- the first of which went to the top of the UK Albums Chart . WEA released two further singles compilations in 1995 and 2001 , with a further compilation , The Sound of The Smiths , released in November 2008 .

neg: Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need .   The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture .   Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .

neg: Matthew Sunderland Matthew `` Matt '' Sunderland ( born c. 1972 ) is a New Zealand Actor , Writer and Director . He performed the lead role of David Gray in the feature film Out of the Blue , based on the events of the Aramoana Massacre . At the New Zealand Screen Awards in 2008 he won Best Actor Award for this role .   Sunderland also stars as Uncle Rory in Cannes Winner Daniel Borgmans debut Feature The Weight of Elephants Produced by Zentropa films and Severe Features .   Sunderland was also nominated for a Best Actor Award in the 2006 NZ Screen Awards for Natures Way , which screened In Competition at the Cannes Film Festival in 2006 .   His other feature film roles include A Song of Good , Christmas , Stringer , Woodenhead Existence and The Devil 's Rock as well as more than twenty short films .   Matthew made his directorial/screenwriting debut with the short film Tuffy which deals with estrangement between a father and son , in small town New Zealand .   Sunderland graduated from The New Zealand Drama School Toi Whakaari in 1997 and has concentrated on New Zealand film work with numerous theatre excursions also . He has appeared at the Silo Theatre ( Fool for Love , Blasted ) , and the Herald Theatre ( Trainspotting ) in Auckland , and the Court Theatre in Christchurch ( Peninsula ) .   In 2013 Matt played in the stage adaption of Kate Grenville 's Booker Prize -- winning The Secret River with the Sydney Theatre Company , to 5 star reviews , which toured throughout Australia .   Sunderland appeared in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as White Dragon , in a storyline concluding the 3 year Kieran Mitchell story arc .   In 2016 , Sunderland played the role of a drunken man resisting alien abduction in the music video for Bergschrund by DJ Shadow & Nils Frahm .

neg: Night Terrors (Doctor Who) `` Night Terrors '' is the ninth episode of the sixth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , and was first broadcast on BBC One and BBC America on 3 September 2011 . It was written by Mark Gatiss and directed by Richard Clark .   In the episode , alien time traveller the Doctor ( Matt Smith ) and his companions Amy Pond ( Karen Gillan ) and Rory ( Arthur Darvill ) decide to make a `` house call '' to an eight-year-old boy named George ( Jamie Oram ) who is terrified of almost everything , and especially dreads the cupboard in his bedroom . While the Doctor discusses this with George 's father Alex ( Daniel Mays ) , Amy and Rory become trapped in a doll house with terrifying life-size peg dolls .   `` Night Terrors '' was inspired by Gatiss 's fear of dolls , and the ones in the episode were designed to be scary and crude-looking . The episode was moved from the first half of the series to the second , which necessitated changes to make it fit into the series ' story arc . It was the first to be filmed , with production taking place in September 2010 at a council estate in Redcliffe , Bristol and at Dyrham Park , where the doll 's house interior scenes were filmed . The episode was watched by 7.07 million viewers in the UK and received generally positive to mixed reviews from critics , though some were critical of how it fitted into the overarching story as it came after a heavy story-arc episode .

neg: Benjamin Smith (actor) Benjamin Smith ( born 27 December 1989 ) is an English actor .   Smith played Damien Trotter in Only Fools and Horses from 2001 to 2003 .   In a 2016 poll of the most detestable characters on British television conducted by the BBC , Smith came top for his portrayal of Del Boys son Damien .   Among Smith 's other early roles are Holby City , Goodnight Mister Tom and Second Sight . He played Luke in the 2006 Doctor Who episode `` School Reunion '' and Joey Frazier in BBC 's `` Hustle '' . He played Jack in the BBC 's Sherlock Holmes and the Baker Street Irregulars ( 2007 ) .   In 2008 , he played Tegs on EastEnders and Donny on Skins .   Smith also appeared in Teachers , The Bill and Help ! I 'm a Teenage Outlaw . He had a recurring guest role in the first series of the E4 series Misfits ( 2009 ) . That year he also appeared in the film Nowhere Boy . In 2010 he was the main character in episode 2 of the Jimmy McGovern-penned BBC drama serial Accused , where he played Frankie , a young soldier who seeks revenge on an army corporal after his friend commits suicide due to the corporal 's actions .   In the following few years Smith had roles in Scott & Bailey , The Honourable Woman and Common , also written by Jimmy McGovern . In 2015 he appeared in the Channel 4 police comedy-drama No Offence .

neg: Papa Lazarou Papa Lazarou is a fictional character in the BBC TV comedy programme The League of Gentlemen . He appeared in three episodes -- the first episode in the second series , the Christmas special , and the final episode of the third series -- and in the film The League of Gentlemen 's Apocalypse . The character is part-written by and played by Reece Shearsmith . Papa Lazarou has been listed as both the 8th and 14th most popular sketch of all time with British audiences , according to the Radio Times and Channel 4 , respectively .

neg: Pete Drummond Pete Drummond ( born 29 July 1943 ) is a British voice artist and former BBC and pirate radio disc jockey and announcer .   He was born in Bangor , Wales , and as a child lived in Australia and France , before attending Millfield School alongside later BBC Radio 1 colleague Tony Blackburn . He trained as an actor and toured the US , where he realised that , following the `` British Invasion '' , English accents were in demand on radio stations . He worked as an announcer in Wichita and Topeka , Kansas , before returning to Britain in 1966 . He then joined the staff of pirate station Radio London , where he had his own shows during the station 's final months on air .   He joined Radio 1 from its start in September 1967 , and , as someone who was seen as both avant garde and reliable , was used as one of the early presenters of Top Gear , along with John Peel who later took over the programme . Drummond continued presenting radio and occasionally TV programmes for the BBC until the early 1990s , often featuring progressive rock music on programmes such as Disco 2 , Sounds of the Seventies and Sight and Sound In Concert . He also worked for the BBC World Service and Radio Luxembourg .   After leaving the BBC , he became a leading voice-over performer in Britain , his voice often appearing in advertisements and film trailers .

neg: Matt Graham (Blue Heelers) Matthew Graham ( more simply known as Matt ) is a fictional character in the long running Australian television police drama Blue Heelers . He joined the cast of Blue Heelers in 2005 after the farwell of Sergeant Mark Jacobs .  Not much is known about Constable Graham , but during his time at the station he develops a good friendship with his station mates : Constables Kelly O'Rourke and Joss Peroni , Senior Constables Evan Jones ( later Detective ) , Alex Kirby ( Acting Sergeant after Ep 491 ) and Susie Raynor ( briefly Acting Sergeant in Ep 490 ) , Detectives Amy Fox and Senior Sergeant `` The Boss '' Tom Croydon .   We do know that he served in the Army , notably as part of the peace-keeping force on East Timor , and his time there has left some very deep scars , and dark secrets that are forced to light in episodes ; `` Promises , Promises '' and `` Slaying the Demons '' , and we see just how far Matt will go to protect those he loves .  Before transferring to Mount Thomas , Matt has had some trouble at his previous postings , where it has been noted that he has a very black or white view of the world and of enforcing the law , plus some problems controlling his temper , something his colleagues struggle to deal with , and they initially find his attitude overly harsh , making it difficult for him to really make friends .  Detective Amy Fox takes an immediate dislike to him , and makes it her mission to go after him when Matt is accused of murdering a suspect . Even after he is exonerated of the crime she continues to distrust him and it is a long time before she can start to see that behind the hard exterior Matt might actually be a nice guy .  When he is almost shot in a drugs raid gone wrong , a moment on vulnerability allows Amy to realise that the two of them may actually have a lot in common .  Matt remains a loyal member of the team at Mount Thomas to the very end , and as we say goodbye to the station we see that he has developed some strong relationships within the community as well .   Category : Blue Heelers characters  Category : Fictional Australian police officers

neg: This World (TV series) This World is a current affairs programme which produced by the BBC and broadcast on BBC Two in the United Kingdom , first airing on 4 January 2004 . The programme also airs worldwide occasionally through BBC World News on digital services , satellite and cable in many countries . The series is mainly focused on social issues and current affairs stories around the world .

neg: Matt Healy Matt Healy ( born David James Healy 16 November 1970 ) is a Scottish actor , who grew up in Oldham , Lancashire . He is best known for his role as Matthew King in the television soap series Emmerdale .

neg: Press Gang Press Gang is a British children 's television comedy-drama consisting of 43 episodes across five series that were broadcast from 1989 to 1993 . It was produced by Richmond Film & Television for Central , and screened on the ITV network in its regular weekday afternoon children 's strand , Children 's ITV , typically in a 4:45 pm slot ( days varied over the course of the run ) .   Aimed at older children and teenagers , the programme was based on the activities of a children 's newspaper , the Junior Gazette , produced by pupils from the local comprehensive school . In later series it was depicted as a commercial venture . The show interspersed comedic elements with the dramatic . As well as addressing interpersonal relationships ( particularly in the Lynda-Spike story arc ) , the show tackled issues such as solvent abuse , child abuse and firearms control .   Written by ex-teacher Steven Moffat , more than half the episodes were directed by Bob Spiers , a noted British comedy director who had previously worked on classics such as Fawlty Towers . Critical reception was very positive , particularly for the quality of the writing , and the series has attracted a cult following with a wide age range .