query: The Academy Awards are an annual event.

pos: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS , also known as simply the Academy ) is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures . The Academy 's corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors , which includes representatives from each of the craft branches .   The roster of the Academy 's approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a `` closely guarded secret '' . While the great majority of its members are based in the United States , membership is open to qualified filmmakers around the world .   The Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards , now officially known as The `` Oscars '' .   In addition , the Academy holds the Governors Awards annually for lifetime achievement in film ; presents Scientific and Technical Awards annually ; gives Student Academy Awards annually to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level ; awards up to five Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting annually ; and operates the Margaret Herrick Library ( at the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study ) in Beverly Hills , California , and the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study in Hollywood , Los Angeles . The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017 .

pos: Academy Awards The Academy Awards , now known officially as the Oscars , is a set of twenty-four awards for artistic and technical merit in the American film industry , given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the `` Academy Award of Merit '' , which has become commonly known by its nickname `` Oscar '' . The awards , first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel , are overseen by AMPAS .   The awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953 . It is now seen live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online . The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony . Its equivalents -- the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music and recording -- are modeled after the Academy Awards .   The 89th Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2016 , were held on February 26 , 2017 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th .

neg: Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .   First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .

neg: List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations .   The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 .   On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner .   Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .

neg: List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue .   As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee .   For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .

neg: Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television Award for Best Achievement in Music – Original Song The Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television presents an annual award for Best Achievement in Music : Original Song to the best original song in a Canadian motion picture .   From 1980 to 2011 , the award was presented as part of the Genie Awards ; since 2012 , it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards .

neg: Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold .   The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .

neg: Oscar season The Oscar season is the time period in which Hollywood studios release their more critically acclaimed films , hoping to win at the Academy Awards . Oscar season usually begins in the late-fall and early-winter , around November , and ends on December 31st of that year . although the date in which the summer blockbuster season ends and the Oscar season begins are ambiguous , and dependent on the year .

neg: 8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' .   The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later .   Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor .   This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .

neg: Academy Film Archive The Academy Film Archive is part of the Academy Foundation , established in 1944 with the purpose of organizing and overseeing the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ' educational and cultural activities , including the preservation of motion picture history . Although the current incarnation of the Academy Film Archive began in 1991 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences acquired its first film in 1929 . Located in Hollywood , California at the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study , the Archive has a diverse range of moving image material . The Archive 's collection comprises 85,000 titles and 190,000 separate items , including early American cinema , a vast collection of documentary films , filmed and taped interviews , amateur and private home movies of Hollywood legends , makeup and sound test reels , and a wide selection of experimental film , as well as Academy Award-winning films , Academy Award-nominated films , and a complete collection of every Academy Awards show since 1949 . Since acquiring the Packard Humanities Institute Collection , the Archive has the world 's largest known trailer collection . The Archive is also concerned with the preservation and restoration of films , as well as new technologies and methods of preservation , restoring over 800 titles of historical and artistic importance .

neg: 48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . )   Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 .   French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation .   At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 .   Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .

neg: Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF .   The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans .   The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .

neg: 1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to :   57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985  58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985

neg: Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture The Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Picture is an annual film award given by the Online Film Critics Society to honor the best picture of the year .

neg: Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film The Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film is one of the annual awards given by the Toronto Film Critics Association .

neg: 15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony .   Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations .   Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' .   Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since .   A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .

neg: Awards (disambiguation) An award is something given to a person or group of people to recognize excellence in a certain field .  For Wikipedia Awards Wikipedia : Awards  For awards given to Wikipedia , see meta : Trophy box .  See also Award  See also List of prizes , medals , and awards

neg: Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 .   Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated .   Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees .   Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: 1939 Academy Awards 1939 Academy Awards may refer to :   11th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1939  12th Academy Awards , the 1940 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1939

neg: 26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 .   The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name .   All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year .   William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .


query: Hubert Humphrey became the DFL candidate for mayor of a city.

pos: Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. ( May 27 , 1911January 13 , 1978 ) was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1965 to 1969 . Humphrey twice served in the United States Senate , representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978 . He was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election , losing to the Republican nominee Richard M. Nixon .   Born in Wallace , South Dakota in 1911 , Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota before earning his pharmacist license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in 1931 . He helped run his father 's pharmacy until 1937 when he returned to academia , graduating with a master 's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940 , where he was a political science instructor . He returned to Minnesota during World War II and became a supervisor for the Works Progress Administration . He was then appointed state director of the Minnesota war service program before becoming the assistant director of the War Manpower Commission . In 1943 , Humphrey became a professor of Political Science at Macalester College and ran a failed campaign for mayor of Minneapolis . Humphrey helped found the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party ( DFL ) in 1944 , and in 1945 , became the DFL candidate for mayor of Minneapolis for a second time , winning with 61 % of the vote . Humphrey served as mayor from 1945 to 1948 , he was reelected and became the co-founder of the liberal anti-communist group Americans for Democratic Action in 1947 .   Humphrey was elected to the Senate in 1948 , the year his proposal of ending racial segregation was included in the party platform at the Democratic National Convention , where he gave one of his most notable speeches on the convention floor , suggesting the Democratic Party `` walk into the sunshine of human rights . '' He served three terms in the Senate from 1949 to 1964 and was the Democratic Majority Whip from 1961 to 1964 . During his tenure , Humphrey was the lead author of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , introduced the first initiative to create the Peace Corps , sponsored the clause of the McCarran Act to threaten concentration camps for ` subversives ' , proposed making Communist Party membership a felony and chaired the Select Committee on Disarmament .   Humphrey ran for two failed Presidential campaigns in the 1952 and 1960 Democratic primaries . After Lyndon B. Johnson inherited the presidency after John F. Kennedy 's assassination in November 1963 , he chose Humphrey to be his running mate in 1964 against Republican Barry Goldwater and the Democratic ticket was elected in a landslide in 1964 .   After Johnson made the surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection in March 1968 , Humphrey launched his campaign for the presidency the following month . Humphrey 's main Democratic challengers were anti-Vietnam War Senators Eugene McCarthy and Robert F. Kennedy . Humphrey , who was loyal to the Johnson administration 's policies on the Vietnam War as Vice President , saw opposition from many within his own party and avoided the primaries to focus on receiving the delegates of non-primary states at the Democratic Convention . Humphrey 's delegate strategy succeeded in clinching the nomination , choosing Senator Edmund Muskie as his running mate . With the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and the assassination of Robert Kennedy that year , and heightened opposition to the Vietnam War , the convention saw major protests which later proved costly to Humphrey 's campaign . On November 5 , 1968 , Humphrey lost to former Vice President Richard Nixon in the general election .   Humphrey then returned to teaching in Minnesota before returning to the Senate in 1971 . He became the first Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate and served until his death in 1978 . Humphrey died of bladder cancer at his home in Waverly , Minnesota , and is buried at the Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis . He was succeeded by his wife of 41 years Muriel Humphrey as interim Senator for Minnesota .

pos: Minneapolis Minneapolis ( -LSB- mɪniˈæpəlɪs -RSB- ) is the county seat of Hennepin County , and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2015 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States with a population of 410,939 . Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest , after Chicago .   Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with thirteen lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls , many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle , with Minneapolis proper containing America 's fifth-highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies . As an integral link to the global economy , Minneapolis is categorized as a global city . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince .   The name Minneapolis is attributed to Charles Hoag , the city 's first schoolteacher , who combined mni , a Dakota Sioux word for water , and polis , the Greek word for city .

neg: Mike Duggan Michael Edward `` Mike '' Duggan ( born July 15 , 1958 ) is an American attorney , prosecutor , and businessman , currently serving as mayor of Detroit , Michigan . He was elected mayor in 2013 , receiving national attention in part because he is the first white mayor of the majority-black city since Roman Gribbs ' tenure in the early 1970s , when Detroit 's population still had a white majority . He received 52 % of the primary vote as a write-in candidate , then 55 % of the vote in the mayoral run-off in November 2013 .

neg: Dean Dozen The `` Dean Dozen '' in American politics , was the collective term for six groups of 12 candidates endorsed by Democracy for America , the political action committee led by former Vermont governor and presidential candidate Howard Dean , in the 2004 elections .   Those chosen to be in the Dean Dozens were Democrats . Governor Dean called the Dean Dozen `` the progressive movement 's best chance at taking back Congress . '' Candidates Selected received significant promotion by progressive groups through emails , fundraisers , and speeches . Democracy for America also fundraisers for the candidates directly , using their membership of over a million citizens to seek contributions for candidates directly   They came from across the U.S. and ran for widely varying positions , from county sheriff to U.S. Senator . No incumbents were chosen , and members of Dean Dozens also tended to target key districts .   Candidates in bold won .   In the 2012 elections Governor Dean selected a new Dean Dozen to receive the endorsement of DFA .

neg: New Orleans mayoral election, 1962 The New Orleans mayoral election of 1962 resulted in the election of interim mayor Victor Schiro to his first full term as mayor of New Orleans .

neg: List of mayors of Atlanta The Mayor is the highest elected official in Atlanta , Georgia . Since its incorporation in 1789 , the town has had 64 mayors .   This is a list of mayors of Atlanta in the state of Georgia in the United States . The term of office was one year until Cicero C. Hammock 's second term ( 1875 -- 77 ) , when a new city charter changed it to two years . The term was changed to four years in 1929 , giving Ragsdale the modern stay in office . Though a political party is listed where known , the mayoral election is officially non-partisan , so the candidate did not represent their party when elected . In recent history , the viable candidates in the race have primarily been Democrats .

neg: Minnesota's 5th congressional district election, 2006 Minnesota 's 5th congressional district election , 2006 was an election for the United States House of Representatives for the open seat of incumbent Martin Olav Sabo ( DFL ) , who retired after serving the Minneapolis-based district for 28 years .   Sabo , who had rarely faced a serious electoral challenge , won reelection with 70 % of the vote in 2004 in a district that went for John Kerry by 71 % in the presidential election . The seat has elected candidates of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party ( DFL ) since 1962 and was rated `` Safe Democratic '' by CQ Politics .   Sabo 's surprising announcement in March 2006 prompted many area Democrats to enter the race . While State Rep. Keith Ellison received the party 's endorsement , he was not backed by Sabo and faced a stiff primary competition from former Sabo aide Mike Erlandson , among others . Having survived the primary , Ellison handily defeated Republican Alan Fine and Independent Tammy Lee in the general election .

neg: Tulsa, Oklahoma mayoral election, 2009 The 2009 Tulsa mayoral election took place on November 10 , 2009 , and resulted in the election of Dewey F. Bartlett , Jr. , the Republican candidate , as Tulsa 's 39th mayor .   The stage for the 2009 election was set when incumbent Democratic mayor Kathy Taylor opted not to seek reelection . The primary election , held on September 8 , 2009 , resulted in the selection of state senator Tom Adelson as the Democratic nominee and Bartlett , a former councilman , as the Republican . This led to a rematch of the 2004 state senate election in which Adelson defeated Bartlett . Two independents were also on the ballot . Polling conducted a week before the primary gave Bartlett about a 10-point head-to-head lead over Adelson ; and polling the week before the general election , which also included the independent candidates , showed an 8-point lead for Bartlett .   In the November 10 general election , Bartlett received about 45 % of the vote to Adelson 's 36 % and 18 % for independent Mark Perkins . Adelson conceded early in the evening as the results became apparent . Bartlett took office on December 7 , 2009 .

neg: Scott Maddox Scott Maddox ( born March 13 , 1968 ) was the mayor of Tallahassee , Florida , former chairman of the Florida Democratic Party and is a current Tallahassee City Commissioner .

neg: Neighborhoods in Saint Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul , Minnesota is noted for its neighborhoods . The city has been called `` fifteen small towns with one mayor '' , owing to the neighborhood-based life of much of the city . Saint Paul is partially governed by not 15 but 17 City Districts .   On Saint Paul 's largely blue-collar East Side alone there are more than two dozen well-known , historically significant neighborhoods within four City Districts . District 4 , for example , has three historic neighborhoods : Dayton 's Bluff , Swede Hollow , and Mounds Park . The most populous districts , 2 and 5 , have more than a dozen neighborhoods between them .   While Saint Paul has long been recognized for its citizen activism , some neighborhoods receive more individual planning attention than others , because tax funds are doled out to annually elected volunteer neighborhood boards based on City District boundaries , not neighborhood boundaries . These boards are called District Councils .   The District Council system was established in 1975 to encourage grass-roots involvement . The Councils were also created to help spend federal funds through the recently created Community Development Block Grants . The District Councils share $ 1.2 million from the city of Saint Paul . In 2015 , community participation funds given to the District Councils ranged from $ 51,873 to $ 109,475 . The councils also have other revenue streams , such as grants and donations . Most councils have significant power on land-use issues .   Besides providing advisory recommendations to city officials on development issues , district councils also identify neighborhood needs , initiate community programs and recruit and nurture neighborhood leaders and volunteers .

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Democratic National Convention held from August 24 to August 27 , 1964 , in Atlantic City , New Jersey .

neg: William H. Briare William Hubert `` Bill '' Briare ( July 13 , 1930 -- December 8 , 2006 ) was an American politician . He was the former mayor of Las Vegas from 1975 to 1987 . Briare was a member of the Democratic Party .

neg: Buddy Leach Anthony Claude `` Buddy '' Leach Jr. ( born March 30 , 1934 ) is an American politician . Formerly , he was the U.S. Representative for Louisiana 's 4th congressional district and a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives . He has served as the chairman of the Louisiana Democratic Party and was a Democratic candidate for Governor of Louisiana in 2003 .

neg: Hermantown, Minnesota Hermantown is a city in Saint Louis County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 9,414 at the 2010 census . A suburb of Duluth , Minnesota , it has been the only city in the county to report population growth as much of the area 's residential and commercial expansion occurs there . Hermantown is located near the tip of Lake Superior .   The eastern part of Hermantown has an appearance typical of a lower-density bedroom community , with large , leafy lots and occasional subdivisions . The car-oriented `` Miller Hill area '' , or Miller Trunk Corridor of Duluth , has sprawled well past the city boundary line into this part of Hermantown . The western part of Hermantown is dominated by a more rural landscape , reminiscent of the past agricultural focus of the city . Hermantown 's motto is `` The City of Quality Living '' .   Hermantown 's current mayor is Wayne Boucher , who won a 2008 election against opponent Susie Stockinger . Mayor Boucher ran unopposed for a second mayoral term in 2012 and received 4,111 votes . There were 79 write-ins for mayor during the 2012 election .

neg: New York City mayoral elections The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year . The city , which elects the mayor as its chief executive , consists of the five boroughs ( Manhattan , The Bronx , Brooklyn , Queens and Staten Island ) , which consolidated to form `` Greater '' New York on January 1 , 1898 .   The consolidated city 's first mayor , Robert A. Van Wyck , was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897 . Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller , unconsolidated City of New York ( Manhattan , later expanded into the Bronx ) .   The current mayor , now in his first term , is Bill de Blasio . He was elected on November 5 , 2013 , to a four-year term that began on January 1 , 2014 .

neg: Fernando Ferrer Fernando James `` Freddy '' Ferrer ( born April 30 , 1950 ) is an American politician who was the Borough President of The Bronx from 1987 to 2001 , and was a candidate for Mayor of New York City in 2001 and the Democratic Party nominee for Mayor in 2005 .

neg: Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham ( -LSB- ˈbɜrmɪŋhæm -RSB- ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Jefferson County . The city 's population was 212,237 in the 2010 United States Census . In the 2010 US Census , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of about 1,128,047 , which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama 's population .   Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period , through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns , notably , former Elyton . It was named for Birmingham , England , one of the UK 's major industrial cities . The Alabama city annexed smaller neighbors and developed as an industrial and railroad transportation center , based on mining , the new iron and steel industry , and railroading . Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where cheap , non-unionized , and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces , giving it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast .   From its founding through the end of the 1960s , Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States . Its growth from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames as The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South . Its major industries were iron and steel production , plus a major component of the railroading industry . Rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham . The two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South have been nearby Atlanta and Birmingham , since the 1860s . The economy diversified in the latter half of the 20th century . Banking , telecommunications , transportation , electrical power transmission , medical care , college education , and insurance have become major economic activities . Birmingham ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the United States and as one of the most important business centers in the Southeast .   In higher education , Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine ( formerly the Medical College of Alabama ) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947 . Since that time it has also gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( founded circa 1969 ) , one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System . It is also home to three private institutions : Samford University , Birmingham-Southern College , and Miles College . In total , the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine , dentistry , optometry , physical therapy , pharmacy , law , engineering , and nursing . The city has three of the state 's five law schools : Cumberland School of Law , Birmingham School of Law , and Miles Law School . Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference , and Southeastern Conference , one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences .

neg: New York City mayoral election, 1977 The New York City mayoral election of 1977 occurred on Tuesday , November 8 , 1977 .   Incumbent mayor Abraham Beame , a Democrat , was challenged by five other Democrats , including Representative Ed Koch , New York Secretary of State Mario Cuomo , and feminist activist and former Representative Bella Abzug for the Democratic nomination . Koch won the initial vote in the Democratic primary as well as a runoff vote held between him and Cuomo . In the general election , Koch beat Cuomo , who ran on the Liberal Party ticket , and Roy M. Goodman , who ran on the Republican ticket .

neg: Dave Kleis Dave Kleis ( born January 21 , 1964 ) is a Minnesota politician , and the mayor of St. Cloud , Minnesota .   Mayor Dave Kleis was first elected mayor of St. Cloud , Minnesota , in November 2005 . He was re-elected in 2008 , 2012 , and 2016 all while running unopposed . He is recognized in the St. Cloud community as a local historian , a visionary , and an influential leader . He was selected in 2010 by the St. Cloud Time 's readers and area leaders as the most influential person of the last decade , and in 2014 he received the League of Minnesota Cities C.C. Ludwig Leadership Award .   Mayor Kleis grew up in a small farming community of Litchfield , Minnesota . He graduated from Litchfield High School and later graduated Magna Cum Laude from St. Cloud State University with a degree in Political Science and History . He is a nine ( 9 ) year veteran of the United States Air Force and Air Force Reserve . He became interested in politics while he was stationed at the Pentagon and acted as an Air Force liaison with Capitol Hill in D.C. . He was elected to the Minnesota State Senate in 1994 and served for 11 years . He has established and owns the Central Minnesota Driving Academy since 1991 , a driver 's education business in St. Cloud .   Over the years , Mayor Kleis has served on many public committees , including the Governor 's Task Force on Government Financing . He is also a founding member and co-chair of the Mississippi River Cities and Towns Initiative . He has built lasting relationships with other cities including Hattiesburg , Mississippi and St. Cloud 's Sister City of Spalt , Germany . Three times he has assembled a team of city officials and community members to compete in the annual International Awards for Liveable Communities . This competition is the world 's only awards competition focusing on international best practices regarding the management of the local environment . St. Cloud was a finalist each time , receiving a Gold Award as the most livable city in 2007 .   Mayor Dave Kleis is the City of St. Cloud 's most enthusiastic supporter taking every opportunity to create a sense of community , to instill pride in citizenship , and to create a high quality of life for the people of the city , region , and the state of Minnesota . He understands that a thriving community consists of many organizations and governments intertwined in partnership . Further , he promotes the city as a central component for providing an atmosphere for people , organizations , and business to flourish .   He has provided leadership during a time of unprecedented investment in the city . His support for capital improvements such as the River 's Edge Convention Center expansion , the new police headquarters , new airline terminal , and a large transportation bond were critical to gaining council and community approval .   Kleis 's fourth term expires in 2020 . Among those who know and respect Kleis say that he could remain the mayor of St. Cloud for as long as he wants the job . They attribute his longevity as mayor to his integrity , his non-partisan leadership style , and his devotion to St. Cloud and the community .

neg: United States presidential election in Minnesota, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 6 , 1984 in Minnesota as part of the 1984 United States presidential election .   The Democratic Party candidate , former Vice President Walter Mondale , narrowly won his home state over incumbent President Ronald Reagan by just 3,761 votes , giving him his only state victory in the election ( Mondale also carried the District of Columbia ) . Minnesota was the only state not to back Reagan in either of his presidential campaigns .   Since all 49 other states went to the Republican Party in 1984 , this established Minnesota 's status as the state with the longest streak of voting Democratic . As of 2016 , it still has not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1972 . However , the District of Columbia has voted Democratic in all presidential elections since 1964 , when it was first granted the right to vote for president .

neg: Shane Cohn Shane Cohn ( born 16 April 1980 ) is an American politician who has served since spring 2009 as the Alderman of the 25th Ward of the City of St. Louis , Missouri .   From 2000 , Cohn worked as a human resources manager for Citi , supporting the employees in the firm 's mortgage servicing operations in the St. Louis area .   In 2002 , he co-led a program to build a nationwide employee recognition program at Citi . In 2003 , he organized an LGBT organization for Citi employees , Citi Pride , which grew to 86 members in 2007 .   Before his election , Cohn worked as a community organizer in Dutchtown , serving on the boards of the neighborhood business association and the neighborhood housing development corporation . He was on the Executive Committee and chaired the Resource Development Committee of the National Conference for Community and Justice of Metropolitan St. Louis ( NCCJSTL ) .   On March 3 , 2009 , he won a four-way primary race for the Democratic nomination for the position of Alderman of 25th Ward of the City of St. Louis . He ran unopposed in the general election , which he won on April 7 , 2009 . The 25th Ward comprises portions of the Dutchtown , Mt. Pleasant , and Carondelet neighborhoods . He was sworn in on April 21 , 2009 , and became the first openly gay elected official in the city 's government and the second youngest member of the Board of Aldermen .   In May 2010 , to enhance St. Louis ' bid to host the 2012 Democratic National Convention , Cohn sponsored and won unanimous approval of a bill to add `` gender identity '' to the list of characteristics protected by municipal law against discrimination in housing , public accommodations , and employment .   Cohn was the principal sponsor of St. Louis ' Complete Streets law , which requires future projects to incorporate the needs of pedestrians , bicyclists , and mass transit users into road and street design .   He serves on the board of Gateway 180 Homelessness Reversed , an organization that serves the homeless .

neg: Harry Norwitch Harry Norwitch ( born Hershel Arnowitch , June 18 , 1894 -- April 16 , 1973 ) was an organized labor leader and Democratic politician from Philadelphia .   Norwitch was born in Odessa , Russia ( present-day Ukraine ) in 1894 and emigrated to the United States with his family as a child . Initially settling in Baltimore , Norwitch went to work at a clothing factory from the age of 13 . He married Mae Schreiber in about 1917 ; they had two children , Mildred and Bernard . Norwitch became affiliated with the Amalgamated Clothing Workers union and moved to Philadelphia in 1926 to work as a business agent for the Joint Board Cutters and Trimmers Local 110 . His union work brought him into local politics , and he became active in the Nonpartisan League , a socialist group , in 1934 . He joined the Democratic Party and served as a delegate to the 1948 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia , where President Harry S. Truman was nominated for a new term .   In 1949 , Norwitch ran for a seat on Philadelphia 's City Council in a special election that followed the death of L. Wallace Egan . Every seat on the Council was , at that time , held by Republicans , but Norwitch emerged the victor in his West Philadelphia district , defeating Republican James H. McHale , Progressive Lillian R. Narins , and independent Democrat Michael J. O'Connor . In 1951 , he was reelected to Philadelphia City Council from West Philadelphia 's 3rd district , part of a Democratic wave that swept the Republicans from power for the first time in 67 years . In 1954 , Norwitch successfully opposed the efforts fellow Democrats James Hugh Joseph Tate and Michael J. Towey to weaken the civil service reforms of the new charter . The following year , he was reelected with a slightly reduced majority .   In 1956 , charter amendments aimed at weakening civil service protections were proposed again . Norwitch remained opposed , but the amendments found the required two-thirds vote in Council to make it on to the ballot for popular approval . The referendum failed in a vote that April . That same year , Norwitch sponsored a bill to extend the city 's rent control policy . The bill passed , but was struck down by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania that December . In 1959 , Norwitch ran for a fourth Council term and defeated Republican Abraham Levin with 63.7 % of the vote , his greatest margin to date .   As chairman of City Council 's appropriations committee , Norwitch was involved with decisions about taxation and spending . In the early 1960s , he joined with Council President Tate to oppose the tax hikes called for by Mayor Richardson Dilworth , while continuing to advocate the city worker wage increases the new taxes were intended to fund . Ultimately , Council and the mayor agreed to a budget that was the largest in the city 's history , including a wage tax hike from 1.5 % to 1.625 % . Norwitch defended the deal , noting that city workers ' salaries lagged behind the rest of the nation , and that the tax increase was evenly spread between wage and property taxes . Norwitch also voted for increased funding for police and schools . In 1963 , Norwitch ran for a fifth term . He had no primary election opposition and easily defeated Republican Mary Jane Ladner , getting 59 % of the vote .   That same year , Norwitch testified before a grand jury investigating campaign contributions to him by a laundry business while a bill regulating such businesses was before the Council . Norwitch claimed there was no connection between the two , and was never charged . After Tate was elected mayor , Norwitch continued to support him , and clashed with fellow Democrat and City Council President Paul D'Ortona over taxation issues . In a change from his position of a few years earlier , Norwitch held the line on spending , voting to stop proposed pay increases for some city workers .   In his attempt at re-election in 1967 , Norwitch did not receive the endorsement of the Democratic City Committee , which remained neutral in his race against his primary opponents . He accused party chairman Francis R. Smith of pitting blacks against whites and seeking a `` racial fight when all Philadelphians should be working hand-in-hand to solve the problems of our big city . '' Norwitch blamed Smith for redistricting changes that made his 3rd district predominantly black , which had not been the case before . After calling the Democratic machine `` self-serving '' and calling Smith 's tactics `` despicable , '' Norwitch quit the race ; the Democratic City Committee then endorsed local attorney and ward leader Charles L. Durham , who went on to win the primary and general elections . After his retirement , Tate appointed Norwitch deputy managing director of the city . Norwitch died of heart failure at Albert Einstein Medical Center in 1973 , and was buried in Mount Lebanon Cemetery in Delaware County .


query: Alex Rodriguez has 666 home runs.

pos: Alex Rodriguez Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez ( born July 27 , 1975 ) , nicknamed `` A-Rod '' , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman . He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Texas Rangers , and New York Yankees . Rodriguez was one of the sport 's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time . During his 22-year career , Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average , 696 home runs , over 2,000 runs batted in ( RBI ) , over 2,000 runs scored , and over 3,000 hits . He is a 14-time All-Star and has won three American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten Silver Slugger Awards , and two Gold Glove Awards . Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25 . However , he has led a highly controversial career due to signing two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history while incurring criticism from the media for his behavior and use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs .   The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft , and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18 . In 1996 , he became the Mariners ' starting shortstop and finished second in voting for the AL MVP Award . Rodriguez 's combination of power , speed , and defense made him a cornerstone of the franchise , but he left the team via free agency after the 2000 season to join the Rangers . The 10-year , $ 252 million contract he signed was the richest in baseball history . He played at a high level in his three years with Texas , highlighted by his first AL MVP Award win in 2003 , but the team failed to make the playoffs during his tenure . Prior to the 2004 season , Rodriguez was traded to the Yankees , for whom he converted to a third baseman due to incumbent shortstop Derek Jeter . In his first four seasons with New York , he was twice more named AL MVP . After opting out of his contract following the 2007 season , Rodriguez signed a new 10-year , $ 275 million deal with the Yankees , extending his record for the sport 's most lucrative contract . He became the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs , reaching the milestone in 2007 . He won his first World Series in 2009 , which was the first year of the new Yankee Stadium . The following year , he became the career leader in home runs by a player of Hispanic descent . In recent years , Rodriguez has been hampered by hip and knee injuries , which have caused him to exclusively become a designated hitter . He played his final game as a Yankee on August 12 , 2016 .   In February 2009 , after previously denying use of performance-enhancing drugs , including during a 2007 interview with Katie Couric on 60 Minutes , Rodriguez admitted to using steroids , saying he used them from 2001 to 2003 when playing for Rangers due to `` an enormous amount of pressure '' to perform . While recovering from a hip injury in 2013 , Rodriguez made headlines by feuding with team management over his rehabilitation and for having allegedly obtained performance-enhancing drugs as part of the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In August 2013 , MLB suspended him 211 games for his involvement in the scandal , but he was allowed to play while appealing the punishment . Had the original suspension been upheld , it would have been the longest non-lifetime suspension in Major League Baseball history . After an arbitration hearing , the suspension was reduced to 162 games , keeping him off the field for the entire 2014 season .

neg: 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike The 1994 -- 95 Major League Baseball strike was the eighth work stoppage in baseball history , as well as the fourth in-season work stoppage in 22 years . The strike began on August 12 , 1994 , and resulted in the remainder of that season being cancelled , including the postseason and , for the first time since 1904 , the World Series . The strike was suspended on April 2 , 1995 , after 232 days , making it the longest such stoppage in MLB history , breaking the record set by the 1981 strike . 948 games were cancelled in all , and MLB became the first major professional sports league to lose an entire postseason due to labor struggles . Due to the strike , both the 1994 and 1995 seasons were not played to a complete 162 games ; the strike was called after most teams had played at least 113 games in 1994 and each team played 144 games in 1995 .

neg: List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders In baseball , a home run is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle all the bases ending at home plate , scoring himself and each runner who was already on base , with no errors by the defensive team on the play . The feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence in fair territory without it first touching the ground , which results in an automatic home run . There is also the rarer inside-the-park home run , where the hitter circles the bases while the baseball is in play on the field . In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , a player in each league wins the home run title each season by hitting the most home runs that year . Only home runs hit in a particular league count towards that league 's seasonal lead . Mark McGwire , for example , hit 58 home runs in 1997 , more than any other player that year . However , McGwire was traded from the American League 's ( AL ) Oakland Athletics to the National League 's ( NL ) St. Louis Cardinals midway through the season and his individual AL and NL home run totals ( 34 and 24 , respectively ) did not lead either league .   The first home run champion in the National League was George Hall ; in the league 's inaugural 1876 season , Hall hit five home runs for the short-lived National League Philadelphia Athletics . In 1901 , the American League was established and Hall of Fame second baseman Nap Lajoie led it with 14 home runs for the American League Philadelphia Athletics . Over the course of his 22-season career , Babe Ruth led the American League in home runs 12 times . Mike Schmidt and Ralph Kiner have the second and third most home run titles respectively , Schmidt with eight and Kiner with seven , all won in the National League . Kiner 's seven consecutive titles from 1946 to 1952 are also the most consecutive home run titles by any player . The most recent champions ( 2015 ) are Chris Davis with 47 home runs in the American League , and Nolan Arenado and Bryce Harper tied with 42 in the National League .   Ruth set the Major League Baseball single-season home run record four times , first at 29 ( 1919 ) , then 54 ( 1920 ) , 59 ( 1921 ) , and finally 60 ( 1927 ) . Ruth 's 1920 and 1921 seasons are tied for the widest margin of victory for a home run champion as he topped the next highest total by 35 home runs in each season . The single season mark of 60 stood for over 30 years until Roger Maris hit 61 home runs in 1961 . Maris ' mark was in turn broken by both Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa during the 1998 home run record chase , with McGwire ultimately setting the mark at 70 . Barry Bonds , who also has the most career home runs , set the current single season record of 73 in 2001 . The 1998 and 2001 seasons each had 4 players hit 50 or more home runs -- Greg Vaughn , Ken Griffey , Jr. , Sosa , and McGwire in 1998 and Alex Rodriguez , Luis Gonzalez , Sosa , and Bonds in 2001 . A player has hit 50 or more home runs 42 times . Of these feats , 25 occurred since 1990 . The lowest home run total to ever lead a major league was four , a feat achieved in the NL by Lip Pike in 1877 and Paul Hines in 1878 .

neg: Jeff Bagwell Jeffrey Robert Bagwell ( born May 27 , 1968 ) is an American former professional first baseman and coach who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball ( MLB ) playing career with the Houston Astros . Originally a Boston Red Sox fourth-round selection from the University of Hartford as a third baseman in the 1989 amateur draft , he was then traded to the Astros in 1990 . The National League ( NL ) Rookie of the Year in 1991 , Bagwell then won the NL Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in 1994 , was a four-time MLB All-Star , three-time Silver Slugger winner and a Gold Glove recipient . Forming a core part of Astros lineups with Craig Biggio and Lance Berkman given the epithet `` Killer B 's '' , Houston finished in first or second place in the National League Central division in 11 of 12 seasons from 1994 to 2005 . They qualified for the playoffs six times , culminating in Bagwell 's lone World Series appearance in 2005 . He was elected to the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 2005 , and to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017 .   Bagwell was part of the trade that sent relief pitcher Larry Andersen to the Red Sox , now regarded as one of the most lopsided trades in sports history . Andersen pitched just 22 innings for Boston while Bagwell hit 449 home runs for the Astros , the most in club history , among setting numerous other franchise career and single-season records . He excelled at every major aspect of the game , including hitting , on-base ability , running , defense , and throwing . One of the most consistent players of his generation , in each of his first 11 seasons , he produced no fewer than 4.7 wins above replacement ( WAR ) per Baseball-Reference . com . His 1994 season was perhaps his finest . As the fourth unanimous NL MVP in history , he set the record for fewest plate appearances to reach both 100 runs scored and 100 runs batted in , produced a .750 slugging percentage − the highest in the NL since 1925 − while batting a career-high .368 . In 1999 , he finished second in the MVP voting , producing his second career 30 -- 30 season .   The only player in MLB history to achieve six consecutive seasons ( 1996 -- 2001 ) with each of 30 home runs , 100 RBI , 100 runs scored , and 100 walks , Bagwell is just the fifth to achieve 300 home runs , 1,000 RBI , and 1,000 runs scored in his first 10 seasons . He is just one of 12 players in history to hit 400 home runs and record an on-base percentage ( OBP ) of .400 , and the only first baseman with at least 400 home runs and 200 stolen bases . Overall , Bagwell batted over .300 six times , had a career OBP of .408 ( 39th all-time ) and a slugging percentage of .540 ( 32nd all-time ) . He is the only first baseman to achieve the 30 -- 30 club more than once . His 79.6 career WAR per Baseball-Reference . com ranks sixth all-time among first basemen .   Since his playing career ended , Bagwell has served in sporadic instructor assignments with the Astros , including as hitting coach in 2010 .

neg: Sandy Alomar Jr. Santos `` Sandy '' Alomar Velázquez Jr. ( -LSB- aloˈmar -RSB- , -LSB- ˈæləmɑr -RSB- born June 18 , 1966 ) is a professional baseball catcher , coach , and manager . He played in Major League Baseball catcher for the San Diego Padres , Cleveland Indians , Chicago White Sox , Colorado Rockies , Texas Rangers , Los Angeles Dodgers , and New York Mets between 1988 and 2007 .   Alomar is a six-time All-Star . He is the son of former major leaguer Sandy Alomar Sr. and the brother of Hall of Fame second baseman Roberto Alomar .

neg: Ian Kinsler Ian Michael Kinsler ( born June 22 , 1982 ) is an American professional baseball second baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He formerly played for the Texas Rangers . He is listed at 6 ft and 200 lbs .   Despite having been drafted in only the 17th round out of college , Kinsler has risen to become a four-time All Star , and a member of the Sporting News ' 2009 list of the 50 greatest current players in baseball . He is known as a five-tool player , hitting for average and power , and excelling in baserunning , throwing , and fielding .   Kinsler has twice hit 30 home runs and stolen 30 bases in the same season ( 2009 and 2011 ) , and is one of 12 ballplayers in major league history who have had multiple 30 -- 30 club seasons . In 2011 , he also joined the 20 -- 20 club for the third time , one season shy of the major league record for a second baseman . He hit for the cycle in a game in 2009 , while getting hits in all six of his at-bats .   Through 2013 , Kinsler led the Texas Rangers , all-time , career-wise , in stolen bases and power-speed number . In November 2013 , Kinsler was traded to the Detroit Tigers for Prince Fielder . Through 2016 , on defense Kinsler had the best career range factor of any active second baseman in Major League Baseball . He has been awarded both a Fielding Bible Award ( 2015 ) and a Gold Glove Award ( 2016 ) .

neg: Eduardo Zambrano Eduardo José Zambrano ( born February 1 , 1966 ) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player . He played parts of two Major League Baseball ( MLB ) seasons for the Chicago Cubs ( 1993 -- 94 ) , playing four different positions . He batted and threw right-handed .   He was the American Association MVP in 1993 , leading the league with 32 home runs and 115 runs batted in . In the majors , Zambrano was a career .263 hitter ( 35-133 ) , with six home runs , 20 RBI , 18 runs , seven doubles , and two stolen bases in 75 games .   Zambrano 's nephew , Rougned Odor , plays in MLB .

neg: Luis Gómez (baseball) Luis Gómez Sánchez is a former professional baseball player who played during the 1970s and 1980s . Born in Guadalajara , Jalisco , Mexico in 1951 and raised in the Echo Park neighborhood of Los Angeles , CA , he attended and graduated from Nightingale Jr. . High , then attended Belmont High School and UCLA .   The 5 ' 9 '' Gómez played on the Bruins baseball team for three years ( ' 71 - ' 73 ) at shortstop . He is listed as having a batting average of .272 , 2 HR , and 34 RBI in college . During his senior year , his batting average was .301 in 52 games and 186 at bats .   He started his major league baseball career with the Minnesota Twins in 1974 , playing with them until 1977 , when he moved to the Toronto Blue Jays , for which he played two seasons before being traded to the Atlanta Braves , playing his two remaining seasons there and retiring in 1982 . He set an Atlanta record in 1980 with a .968 fielding percentage at shortstop and strung together 42 consecutive errorless games . He played shortstop , second base , and third base in 609 major league games .   Gomez was known for his exceptionally slick fielding , but also for his notably weak hitting . Among his hitting ` achievements ' :   - No non-pitcher since Bill Bergen retired in 1911 has had as many plate appearances as Gomez with an OPS of .500 or less . ( Gomez 's lifetime OPS is exactly .500 . )   - In 1975 , he played in 89 games without collecting a single extra-base hit , breaking a record held since 1916 by Mike McNally and which still stands .   - Gómez appeared in 609 major league games , the most among non-pitchers who never hit a home run .   - He also has the distinction of never having hit a home run as a professional baseball player at * any * level , whether in the majors , the minors or even in the Senior Baseball League .   Gómez joined the LDS Church as a result of his association with Garth Iorg , Alan Ashby , and Dale Murphy .

neg: 3,000 hit club In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , the 3,000 hit club is the group of batters who have collected 3,000 or more regular-season hits in their careers . Cap Anson was the first to join the club on July 18 , 1897 , although his precise career hit total is unclear . Two players -- Nap Lajoie and Honus Wagner -- reached 3,000 hits during the 1914 season . Ty Cobb became the club 's fourth member in 1921 and became the first player in MLB history to reach 4,000 hits in 1927 , ultimately finishing his career with more than 4,100 . Cobb , also MLB 's all-time career batting average leader , remained the MLB hit leader until September 11 , 1985 , when Pete Rose collected his 4,192 nd hit . Rose , the current record holder , finished his career with 4,256 hits , an achievement that on its own would have qualified him for the Hall of Fame had Major League Baseball not banned him for life due to Rose 's having gambled on games as a manager . Roberto Clemente 's career ended with precisely 3,000 hits , reaching the mark in the last at bat of his career . Ichiro Suzuki is the most recent player to reach the milestone , achieving the feat on August 7 , 2016 .   In total , 30 players have reached the 3,000 hit mark in MLB history . Of these , 15 were right-handed batters , 13 were left-handed , and two were switch hitters , meaning they could bat from either side of the plate . Ten of these players have played for only one major league team . Five players -- Hank Aaron , Willie Mays , Eddie Murray , Rafael Palmeiro , and Alex Rodriguez -- are also members of the 500 home run club . At .367 , Cobb holds the highest career batting average among club members , while Cal Ripken Jr. holds the lowest at .276 . Rodriguez , Derek Jeter , and Wade Boggs are the only players to hit a home run for their 3,000 th hit and Paul Molitor and Suzuki are the only players to hit a triple for their 3,000 th ; all others hit a single or double . Craig Biggio was thrown out at second base attempting to stretch his 3,000 th hit , a single , into a double . Biggio and Jeter are the only players to join the club in a game where they had five hits ; Jeter reached base safely in all of his at bats .   Baseball writer Josh Pahigian wrote that membership in the club has been `` long considered the greatest measure of superior bat handling . '' Reaching 3,000 hits is often described as a guarantee of eventual entry into the Baseball Hall of Fame . All eligible club members , with the exception of Palmeiro , have been elected to the Hall , and since 1962 all club members who have been inducted were elected on the first ballot , except for Biggio . Rose is ineligible for the Hall of Fame because he was permanently banned from baseball in 1989 . After four years on the ballot , Palmeiro failed to be named on 5 % of ballots in 2014 and his name will be off the ballot for future elections . The only active player on this list is Suzuki . Adrián Beltré is currently only 58 hits away from 3,000 .

neg: World Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) in North America , contested since 1903 between the American League ( AL ) champion team and the National League ( NL ) champion team . The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff , and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner 's Trophy . As the series is played in October ( and occasionally November ) , during the fall season in North America , it is often referred to as the Fall Classic .   Prior to 1969 , the team with the best regular season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series ; since then each league has conducted a championship series ( ALCS and NLCS ) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance . As of 2016 , the World Series has been contested 112 times , with the AL winning 64 and the NL winning 48 .   The 2016 World Series took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago Cubs . Seven games were played , with the Cubs victorious after game seven , played in Cleveland . The final score was 8 -- 7 ; the game went into extra innings after a tied score of 6 -- 6 . This was the third World Series won by the Cubs , as well as their first title since 1908 , a period of 108 years . With the Cubs ' record long title drought finally ended , the Indians ' championship dry spell of 68 years and counting -- the Indians last won the Series in 1948 -- is currently the longest-running Series title absence .   In the American League , the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27 , the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9 , and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8 , including the first World Series . In the National League , the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11 , the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8 , the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6 , and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5 .   As of 2016 , no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in , , and -- the longest such drought in Major League Baseball history .

neg: Alexei Ramírez Alexei Fernando Ramírez Rodriguez ( born September 22 , 1981 ) is a Cuban professional baseball shortstop who is a free agent . He has played for the Chicago White Sox , San Diego Padres and Tampa Bay Rays in MLB and Pinar del Rio of the Cuban National Series . His nickname , given to him by former White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén , is `` The Cuban Missile '' due to his tall , slim physique and combination of speed , power , and strong throwing arm .

neg: 1998 Major League Baseball home run record chase The 1998 Major League Baseball home run chase in Major League Baseball was the race between first baseman Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals and right fielder Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs that resulted in both players breaking Roger Maris 's long-standing and highly coveted record of 61 home runs . McGwire broke Maris 's record on September 8 against the Cubs and finished with 70 home runs . Sosa finished with 66 .   Several players had come close to breaking Maris 's record in the years before 1998 . Before the 1994 season was cut short by a labor dispute , Matt Williams of the San Francisco Giants and Ken Griffey , Jr. of the Seattle Mariners were both on a pace which threatened Maris 's record : they hit 43 and 40 home runs respectively in a season which was shortened by approximately 50 of the scheduled 162 games .   In 1995 , Albert Belle became the first player since Cecil Fielder in 1990 to hit 50 home runs in a season . Belle was only the 4th player in the previous three decades to reach the 50 home run - milestone ( George Foster hit 52 in 1977 , following Willie Mays in 1965 ) .   In 1996 , Brady Anderson of the Baltimore Orioles hit 50 home runs , twice the number he hit during any other season . Of more note was Mark McGwire of the Oakland Athletics , who first drew attention by hitting a league-leading 52 home runs that season while only playing in 130 games . The 1997 home run chase featured McGwire against Ken Griffey , Jr. of the Seattle Mariners . It was during that season that full-fledged interest over the record kicked in as both players were on record pace well into the summer . McGwire finished with 58 home runs despite a slump following his mid-season trade to the St. Louis Cardinals , besting Griffey 's total of 56 .

neg: Bartolo Colón Bartolo Colón ( born May 24 , 1973 ) is a Dominican American professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . Nicknamed Big Sexy , he previously played in MLB for the Cleveland Indians ( 1997 -- 2002 ) , Montreal Expos ( 2002 ) , Chicago White Sox ( 2003 , 2009 ) , Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( 2004 -- 2007 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 2008 ) , New York Yankees ( 2011 ) , Oakland Athletics ( 2012 -- 2013 ) , and New York Mets ( 2014 -- 2016 ) .   Colón won the American League Cy Young Award with the Angels in 2005 , when he led the American League in wins . He is a four-time MLB All-Star .   Entering the 2016 MLB season less than two months shy of his 43rd birthday , Colón is the oldest active player in Major League Baseball and also holds the distinction of being the last active Major Leaguer to play for the Montreal Expos . Colón became the oldest MLB player to hit his first career home run at the age of 42 .

neg: Montreal Expos The Montreal Expos ( Les Expos de Montréal ) were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Expos were the first Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise located outside the United States . They played in the National League ( NL ) East Division from 1969 until 2004 . Following the 2004 season , the franchise relocated to Washington , D.C. , and became the Washington Nationals .   Immediately after the minor league Triple-A Montreal Royals folded in 1960 , political leaders in Montreal sought an MLB franchise , and when the National League evaluated expansion candidates for the 1969 season , it awarded a team to Montreal . Named after the Expo 67 World 's Fair , the Expos originally played at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977 . The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons . The team won its only division title in the strike-shortened season , but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series ( NLCS ) to the Los Angeles Dodgers . The team was sold in 1991 by its majority , founding owner , Charles Bronfman , to a consortium headed by Claude Brochu . Felipe Alou was promoted to the team 's field manager in 1992 , becoming MLB 's first Dominican-born manager . He led the team to four winning seasons , including , where the Expos had the best record in baseball before a players ' strike ended the season . Alou became the Expos leader in games managed ( 1409 ) .   The aftermath of the 1994 strike initiated a downward spiral as the Expos chose to sell off their best players , and attendance and interest in the team declined . Major League Baseball purchased the team prior to the 2002 season after the club failed to secure funding for a new ballpark . In their final two seasons , the team played 22 home games each year at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan , Puerto Rico . On September 29 , 2004 , MLB announced the franchise would relocate to Washington , D.C. for the season , and the Expos played their final home game in Montreal .   The Expos posted an all-time record of 2,753 wins , 2,943 losses and 4 ties during their 36 years in Montreal . Vladimir Guerrero led the franchise in both home runs and batting average , and Steve Rogers in wins and strikeouts . Three pitchers threw four no-hitters : Bill Stoneman ( twice ) , Charlie Lea , and Dennis Martínez , who pitched the 13th official perfect game in Major League Baseball history . The Expos retired four numbers in Montreal , and seven former members have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame , with Gary Carter and Andre Dawson 's plaques depicting them with Expos caps .

neg: Alex Reyes Alexander Reyes ( born August 29 , 1994 ) is a Dominican American professional baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He was signed by the Cardinals as an amateur free agent in December 2012 , and made his MLB debut for them August 9 , 2016 .   The Cardinals ' top prospect entering both the 2015 and 2016 seasons , Baseball America named him the second-best prospect overall in their 2016 mid-season ranking . He has played in two All-Star Futures Games and was one of two Cardinals ' Co-Minor League Pitchers of the Year in 2015 .

neg: Orlando Peña Orlando Gregorio Peña Guevara ( born November 17 , 1933 ) is a former pitcher who played in Major League Baseball between 1958 and 1975 for the Cincinnati Reds ( 1958 -- 60 ) , Kansas City Athletics ( 1962 -- 65 ) , Detroit Tigers ( 1965 -- 67 ) , Cleveland Indians ( 1967 ) , Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1970 ) , Baltimore Orioles ( 1971 , 1973 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 1973 -- 74 ) and California Angels ( 1975 ) . He batted and threw right-handed .   In a 14-season career , Peña posted a 56 -- 77 record with 818 strikeouts and a 3.71 ERA in 427 games pitched , including 93 starts , 21 complete games , four shutouts , 40 saves , and 1202 innings .   Peña currently serves as a scout for the Tigers .

neg: Maris–McGwire–Sosa pair In recreational mathematics , Maris -- McGwire -- Sosa pairs or MMS pairs are two consecutive natural numbers such that adding each number 's digits ( in base 10 ) to the digits of its prime factorization gives the same sum .   Thus 61 -- > 6 + 1 ( the sum of its digits ) + 6 + 1 ( since 61 is its prime factorization )  and 62 -- > 6 + 2 ( the sum of its digits ) + 3 + 1 + 2 ( since 31 × 2 is its prime factorization ) .   The above two sums are equal ( = 14 ) , so 61 and 62 form an MMS pair .   MMS pairs are so named because in 1998 the baseball players Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa both hit their 62nd home runs for the season , passing the old record of 61 , held by Roger Maris . American engineer Mike Keith noticed this property of these numbers and named pairs of numbers like this MMS pairs . Except for the origin of the name , MMS pairs are unrelated to baseball . This is also the case for Ruth -- Aaron pairs which have a similar mathematical property and had earlier been named after baseball players who set home run records .

neg: José Bautista José Antonio Bautista Santos ( born October 19 , 1980 ) is a Dominican professional baseball right fielder for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles , Tampa Bay Devil Rays , Kansas City Royals , and Pittsburgh Pirates . His professional career began when the Pittsburgh Pirates selected him in the 20th round of the 2000 first year player draft . In 2010 , Bautista became the 26th member of the 50 home run club while leading the major leagues in home runs for the first of two consecutive seasons , and , from 2010 -- 15 , has hit more home runs than any player in the major leagues . An MLB All-Star selection six consecutive times , he has won three Silver Slugger Awards and two Hank Aaron Awards . In addition , he has received the American League Player of the Month Award five times and the Player of the Week four times . Before being traded to the Blue Jays , Bautista primarily played third base .   Although major league scouts initially noted Bautista while in junior college for his batting skills -- including power hitting potential -- and a strong throwing arm , his career took detours until realizing his potential in 2010 . He made his MLB debut with the Baltimore Orioles in 2004 , and , that year , became the first player ever to appear on five MLB rosters in one season . The last of those clubs were the Pirates , where he played at five different positions as a utility player until being traded to the Blue Jays in 2008 . After making adjustments to his swing , Bautista broke through with ten home runs in September 2009 . He has since been voted in the top ten in the AL Most Valuable Player Award four times and is a leader or among the top ten in numerous offensive single-season and career categories in Blue Jays ' franchise history .   Since 2010 , Bautista has hit at least 20 home runs each year , and in four of those seasons , has hit at least 35 home runs , has both scored and driven in at least 100 runs , and has drawn at least 100 bases on balls , including twice leading the AL. . In 2015 , while playing in the playoffs for the first time , his bat flip in the American League Division Series caused a sensation that became a symbol of Toronto 's first playoff appearance in 22 years . In 2011 , he set up a program that assists athletes from the Dominican Republic to attend universities in the United States .

neg: Alfonso Soriano Alfonso Guilleard Soriano ( born January 7 , 1976 ) is a Dominican former professional baseball left fielder and second baseman . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the New York Yankees , Chicago Cubs , Texas Rangers , and Washington Nationals , and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp .   Soriano began his professional career with Hiroshima in 1996 , but signed with the Yankees as a free agent in 1998 and was assigned to play in minor league baseball . The next year , he was the Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in the All-Star Futures Game , and made his MLB debut for the Yankees , with whom he would win two American League championships . The Yankees traded Soriano to the Rangers after the 2003 season , and the Rangers traded Soriano to the Nationals after the 2005 season . He signed a contract as a free agent with the Cubs before the 2007 season . The Cubs traded Soriano to the Yankees in 2013 , and the Yankees released him in 2014 .   Soriano was a seven-time MLB All-Star , and won the All-Star Game MVP Award in 2004 . He won the Silver Slugger Award four times . He played primarily as a second baseman for the Yankees and Rangers before being converted to an outfielder with the Nationals .   Soriano is one of only 54 major league players to hit 400 or more career home runs , and was seventh among active players in home runs at the time of his retirement .

neg: Cy Young Award The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , one each for the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) . The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young , who died in 1955 . The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues , but in 1967 , after the retirement of Frick , the award was given to one pitcher in each league .   Each league 's award is voted on by members of the Baseball Writers ' Association of America , with one representative from each team . As of the 2010 season , each voter places a vote for first , second , third , fourth and fifth place among the pitchers of each league . The formula used to calculate the final scores is a weighted sum of the votes . The pitcher with the highest score in each league wins the award . If two pitchers receive the same number of votes , the award is shared . The current formula started in the 2010 season . Before that , dating back to 1970 , writers voted for three pitchers , with the formula of 5 points for a first place vote , 3 for a second place vote and 1 for a third place vote . Prior to 1970 , writers only voted for the best pitcher and used a formula of one point per vote .