query: Katie Holmes' birthday is December 18.

pos: Katie Holmes Kate Noelle Holmes ( born December 18 , 1978 ) is an American actress who first achieved fame for her role as Joey Potter on The WB television teen drama Dawson 's Creek from 1998 to 2003 . She appeared in 1998 's Disturbing Behavior , a thriller , which won her an MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance . In 2000 Holmes featured in Wonder Boys which got positive attention from many leading critics .   Holmes had a starring role in 2003 's Pieces of April , a gritty comedy about a dysfunctional family on Thanksgiving . In the 2005 film Batman Begins , the highest-grossing film of her career to date , she played Rachel Dawes , Gotham City 's assistant district attorney and Bruce Wayne 's childhood sweetheart . She also appeared in art house films such as The Ice Storm , horror films such as Do n't Be Afraid of the Dark and thrillers including Abandon . She has also played on Broadway in a production of Arthur Miller 's All My Sons and had numerous guest roles on television programs such as How I Met Your Mother . In 2011 , she starred as Jacqueline Kennedy in the The Kennedys miniseries , a role she later reprised in the 2017 miniseries The Kennedys : After Camelot .   Her marriage to actor Tom Cruise from 2006 to 2012 led to a great deal of media attention , with the pair being called a supercouple and given the nickname `` TomKat '' .

neg: Katie Holmes (historian) Katie Holmes is a professor of history at La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia .

neg: Birthday cake A birthday cake is a cake traditionally eaten as part of a birthday celebration in many cultures around the world . Traditions associated with the birthday cake in many Western cultures include singing the Happy Birthday to You song . Candles are often put on the cake and the person whose birthday it is has to blow out the candles . Often , the number of candles on the cake corresponds to the age of the person whose birthday it is ( although the older the person , the less likely it is that this tradition will be upheld ) . Blowing all the candles out at once is thought to bring good luck . Variations of the typical birthday cake include birthday cupcakes , cake pops , pastries , and tarts . While there is not a universal standard regarding taste , birthday cakes are often vanilla , chocolate , or strawberry flavored . They are also baked in a variety of shapes and decorated in one color or multiple colors with icing or fondant .

neg: The Scientific Sherlock Holmes: Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics The Scientific Sherlock Holmes : Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics ( ISBN 978-0-199-79496-6 ) is a book written by James O'Brien , which was originally published on 3 December 2012 and then by Oxford University Press , USA on 3 January 2013 .   The book later went on to win the Edgar Award for Best Critical / Biographical Work in 2013 .

neg: Seventeen (Japanese magazine) is a monthly Japanese fashion magazine for female teenagers published by Shueisha .   Launched in 1967 as a weekly magazine based on the original American Seventeen , the magazine changed the name to SEVENTEEN in 1987 , and to Seventeen in 2008 .   Since the late 1990s , Seventeen has been the highest-selling teenage fashion magazine in Japan , and has featured its exclusive teenage models as ST-Mo ( STモ - Seventeen Model ) . Seventeen is very sought after among models ( teenage models ) because being featured on the magazine especially on its cover and certain pages , strongly helps them to get high-quality endorsements and prestigious contracts . Well-known former Seventeen models include Keiko Kitagawa , Nana Eikura , Rie Miyazawa , Anna Tsuchiya , Hinano Yoshikawa , and Emi Suzuki .

neg: The Sherlock Holmes The Sherlock Holmes is a Victorian era themed public house in Northumberland Street near Charing Cross railway station and Trafalgar Square which contains a large collection of memorabilia related to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes . The original collection was put together for display in Baker Street in London during the Festival of Britain in 1951 .

neg: List of Sherlock Holmes episodes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ( 1984 -- 1985 ) , The Return of Sherlock Holmes ( 1986 -- 1988 ) , The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes ( 1991 -- 1993 ) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes ( 1994 ) , collectively known as Sherlock Holmes , are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom . The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke ( in the Adventures series ) and Edward Hardwicke ( Return , Case-Book , Memoirs ) as Dr. Watson .   The programme adapted 42 of the original stories in 41 episodes , with 36 running for 50 minutes ( in a one-hour timeslot ) , and five being feature-length specials . Adventures ran for two series totalling 13 episodes , from April to June 1984 and August to September 1985 . Return ran for two series from July to August 1986 and April to August 1988 , as well as the specials `` The Sign of Four '' and `` The Hound of the Baskervilles '' , which aired on 29 December 1987 and 31 August 1988 respectively . Case-Book ran for one series from February to March 1991 and three specials which aired on 2 January 1992 and 27 January and 3 February 1993 . Memoirs ran for one series from March to April 1994 . A short episode was also produced as part of `` The Four Oaks Mystery '' which aired during the ITV Telethon in 1992 . Sherlock Holmes appeared in the first part , with the casts of Van der Valk , Taggart and Inspector Wexford appearing in the second , third and fourth parts respectively .   The series has been released on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 and 4 , and has been repeated on ITV3 and BBC Two .

neg: Abbey Holmes Abbey Holmes ( born 7 January 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Adelaide Football Club in the AFL Women 's competition . She was drafted by Adelaide with their thirteenth selection and 103rd overall in the 2016 AFL Women 's draft . She made her debut in the thirty-six point win against at Thebarton Oval in the opening round of the 2017 season . She was a part of Adelaide 's premiership side after the club defeated by six points at Metricon Stadium in the AFL Women 's Grand Final . She played every match in her debut season to finish with eight matches .   Adelaide signed Holmes for the 2018 season during the trade period in May 2017 .

neg: Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film .   In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .

neg: 18... 18 ... is the debut album by Chinese Singer-songwriter G.E.M. released October 2009 on Forward Music Co , Ltd. . The album contains 12 songs and consists the genres of Cantopop , Mandopop , R&B , soul and rock ballad . 18 ... was simultaneously released with the limited edition , 18 Plus , on 27 October 2009 . The 18 USB was initially released for G.E.M. 's 18 Live Concert on 11 November 2009 , however , it was later put on general sale . Due to the popularity of the album , it was republished as the 18 ... ( 3rd Edition ) , it also includes bonus track `` Smoking , Drinking & Swearing '' , Jan Lamb featuring G.E.M. , was added to the disc . Prior to the Taiwanese market , 18 ... ( Taiwanese Edition ) was released on 5 April 2010 , this edition was added three Mandarin tracks ( one is new recorded ' 寫不出的溫柔 ' and other two are previously tracks from her self-titled EP ) . It was also released with a limited edition version , however , this album has a reordered track list .

neg: Key demographic The key demographic is a term in television ratings that refers to the most desirable demographic group to a given advertiser . Key demographics vary by network , time of day , and programming type , but they are generally composed of individuals who are younger and more affluent than the general public : `` Young adult viewers have been TV 's target demographic for decades , because they 're thought to have less brand loyalty and more disposable income . '' Most key demographic groups consist of adults who are somewhere in age between 18 and 54 . For example , the key demographic for reality television is women with disposable income aged 18 to 34 whereas for the WB Television Network it is `` eighteen - to thirty-four-year-old , educated , white , affluent viewers '' Television programming is tailored to members of its key demographics : `` Despite the increase in time-shifting to watch recorded television and shows on the Internet , the use of television as an advertising vehicle is still determined by demographic characteristics or who is watching at what time . '' The subset of ratings that only includes the key demographic of 18 - to 49-year-olds is often referred to as the `` key demo '' . Certain radio formats ( especially those dubbed `` classic '' ) and television outlets may target persons 35 to 64 , especially since the late 2000s recession wiped out many career opportunities for millennials , since the 35 -- 64 demographic has much more disposable income .

neg: National Kidney Registry The National Kidney Registry ( NKR ) is the largest paired exchange program in the United States and facilitates over 360 paired exchange transplants annually . The NKR was founded by the Hil family in 2007 after their youngest daughter lost her kidney function at age ten . Both parents were ruled out from donating to their daughter because they were biologically incompatible . Finally , after unsuccessful attempts to find a compatible donor through all of the kidney paired exchange programs in the United States , a compatible donor was found . After their transplant ordeal , the Hil family founded the National Kidney Registry to eliminate the problem of incompatible donors by building a national kidney paired donation program ( KPD ) . Mr. Hil was the first KPD leader to donate one of his kidneys to start a chain . His kidney donation 2015 initiated a swap that facilitated 8 transplants . The success of the NKR has generated significant media coverage including a front page story in the New York Times and nationally televised interviews by Katie Couric with CBS Evening News , Diane Sawyer from ABC News , and Byron Pitts at Nightline .

neg: Go Ask Alice Go Ask Alice is a 1971 fiction book about a teenage girl who develops a drug habit at age 15 , runs away from home , and eventually dies of a drug overdose . Attributed to `` Anonymous '' , the book is in diary form , and was originally presented as being the edited `` real diary '' of the unnamed teenage protagonist . Questions about the book 's authenticity and true authorship began to arise in the late 1970s , and it is now generally viewed as a work of fiction written by Beatrice Sparks , a therapist and author who went on to write numerous other books purporting to be real diaries of troubled teenagers . Some sources have also named Linda Glovach as a co-author of the book .   Intended for a young adult audience , Go Ask Alice became a widely popular bestseller . It was initially praised for conveying a powerful message about the dangers of drug abuse , but more recently has been criticized as poorly written anti-drug propaganda and also as a literary hoax . Nevertheless , its popularity has endured , and as of 2014 it had remained continuously in print since its publication over four decades earlier . Go Ask Alice has also ranked among the most frequently challenged books for several decades due to its use of profanity and explicit references to sex and rape , as well as drugs .   The book was adapted into the 1973 television film Go Ask Alice , starring Jamie Smith-Jackson and William Shatner . In 1976 , a stage play of the same name , written by Frank Shiras and based on the book , was also published .

neg: Merry Christmas, Mrs. Moskowitz `` Merry Christmas , Mrs. Moskowitz '' is the tenth episode of Frasier 's sixth season . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 17 , 1998 . In the episode , Frasier , while shopping for Christmas gifts meets a stylish Jewish woman , Helen Moskowitz , who asks him to take her daughter Faye on a blind date . This leads to a deepening relationship between each other . Helen on Christmas Eve makes a stop by Frasier 's apartment , unaware that he is not Jewish and so he and the family must pretend that they are to survive the visit .   The episode was directed by Kelsey Grammer and was written by Jay Kogen . Amy Brenneman and Carole Shelley guest stars in the episode as Faye and Helen respectively . Since airing , the episode has received many positive reviews from television critics and fans .

neg: New Year's Eve In the Gregorian calendar , New Year 's Eve ( also known as Old Year 's Day or Saint Sylvester 's Day in many countries ) , the last day of the year , is on December 31 which is the seventh day of the Christmas season . In many countries , New Year 's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings , where many people dance , eat , drink alcoholic beverages , and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year . Some Christians attend a watchnight service . The celebrations generally go on past midnight into January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) .   Samoa , Tonga and Kiritimati ( Christmas Island ) , part of Kiribati , are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last .

neg: Twelve Days of Christmas The Twelve Days of Christmas , also known as Twelvetide , is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus Christ . In most Western ecclesiastical traditions , `` Christmas Day '' is considered the `` First Day of Christmas '' and the Twelve Days are 25 December -- 5 January , inclusive . For many Christian denominations ; for example , the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church , the Twelve Days are identical to Christmastide , but for others , e.g. , the Roman Catholic Church , `` Christmastide '' lasts longer than the Twelve Days of Christmas .


query: Tim Rice worked on something.

pos: Tim Rice Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice ( born 10 November 1944 ) is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken ( Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David ) , Elton John ( The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado ) and Ennio Morricone .   One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .

neg: Rice Stadium (University of Utah) Robert Rice Stadium was an outdoor athletic stadium in Salt Lake City , Utah , located on the campus of the University of Utah . Originally opened in 1927 as `` Ute Stadium , '' it was the home of the Utah Utes football team . Renamed for Robert L. Rice in 1972 , it was almost completely demolished after the 1997 season to make way for the Utes ' current home , Rice -- Eccles Stadium , which occupies the same physical footprint .

neg: List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators Tim Burton ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American film director , film producer , writer and artist who often works with certain actors and crew members in multiple feature film directing projects .   The actors who collaborated with Burton the most frequently are Johnny Depp , Helena Bonham Carter and Christopher Lee , who all appeared in eight , seven and six films , respectively .   Film composer Danny Elfman composed the music for all of Burton 's feature films with the exception of Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) and Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) . He also composed the music for The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) , a stop-motion animated film Burton co-wrote and produced .   Other actors that Burton has worked with include Danny DeVito , Conchata Ferrell , Albert Finney , Carmen Filpi , Michael Gough , Eva Green , Pat Hingle , Jan Hooks , Rance Howard , Jeffrey Jones , O-Lan Jones , Michael Keaton , Martin Landau , Lisa Marie , Catherine O'Hara , Michelle Pfeiffer , Missi Pyle , Paul Reubens , Alan Rickman , Deep Roy , Winona Ryder , Diane Salinger , Glenn Shadix , Martin Short , Timothy Spall , Sylvia Sidney , Christopher Walken , Frank Welker , Terence Stamp and Paul Whitehouse .   Catherine O'Hara , Paul Reubens , and Glenn Shadix also starred in The Nightmare Before Christmas .   Actor Jason Hervey appeared in the short film Frankenweenie ( 1984 ) , before appearing in Burton 's feature film directing debut Pee-wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) .   Actor Vincent Price worked with Burton on three projects , hosting the television film Hansel and Gretel ( 1982 ) , narrating the short film Vincent ( 1982 ) and appearing in the feature film Edward Scissorhands ( 1990 ) .   Actresses Ada and Arlene Tai worked with Burton as extras in Ed Wood before going on to be cast in Big Fish ( 2003 ) .   In addition to starring in Beetlejuice , Edward Scissorhands and Frankenweenie , Winona Ryder appeared in the Burton-directed music video for The Killers ' `` Here with Me '' .

neg: Surajit Kumar De Datta Surajit Kumar De Datta is an Indian American agronomist who is best known for his high yield variety of rice IR-8 that contributed significantly to the Green Revolution across Asia '' . He worked 27 years at the International Rice Research Institute in Philippines helping Southeast Asia get self-sufficiency in rice production . His book on rice production , Principles and Practices of Rice Production , is considered an authoritative opus in the field of rice cultivation . He has also written two books namely , `` Availability of Phosphorus and Utilization of Phosphate Fertilizers in Some Great Soil Groups of Hawaii '' in 1963 and `` Availability of Phosphorus to Sugar Cane in Hawaii as Influenced by Various Phosphorus Fertilizers and Methods of Application '' in 1965 with James C. Moomaw . For his works , he has been awarded the Norman Borlaug Award for Outstanding Contribution to Agricultural Sciences and a citation from the President of Philippines .   Prior to his arrival at Virginia Tech in 1991 , Dr. De Datta served as an agronomist and principal scientist at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines for 27 years . During that time , Dr. De Datta 's research in rice production contributed to the green revolution that helped Southeast Asia gain agricultural self-sufficiency .   Dr. De Datta has received many awards over his long career . He has been named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , American Society of Agronomy , Soil Science Society of America , Crop Science Society of America , National Academy of Agricultural Sciences in India , and Indian Society of Soil Science . In addition , he received the Norman Borlaug Award for Outstanding Contribution to Agricultural Sciences and the Green Revolution in India as well as a presidential citation from the president of the Philippines in recognition of his outstanding contributions to agricultural productivity in the region .   Dr. De Datta has advised a total of 77 master 's and Ph.D. students in his career . He has published 366 journal articles , technical bulletins , and other reports in the areas of soil science , soil and crop management , and weed science . He has served on numerous boards , societies , and committees .

neg: Tim Sexton Tim Sexton is an American producer , music supervisor , and environmental entrepreneur . Noted for events and initiatives which integrate pop culture and social activism , he produced the No Nukes and Live 8 concerts , and was an architect of `` Feel the Power , '' the precursor to Rock the Vote . He is the principal of the Make Good Group , a company he founded in 2003 to advise corporate clients on sustainability , social responsibility , and brand strategy . Go Green , the environmental program Sexton designed for the Philadelphia Eagles , is considered a model of sustainability .   Sexton served as the music supervisor for dozens of films , including Madonna 's Desperately Seeking Susan , and Rush , which featured Eric Clapton 's Grammy Award-winning `` Tears in Heaven . ''

neg: Hayashi rice Hashed beef rice or Hayashi rice is a dish popular in Japan as a Western-style dish ( yōshoku ) . It usually contains beef , onions , and button mushrooms , in a thick demi-glace sauce which often contains red wine and tomato sauce . This sauce is served atop or alongside steamed rice . The sauce is sometimes topped with a drizzle of fresh cream .   The dish originates from the former mining town of Ikuno , Hyogo prefecture , Japan . There was a French engineer who worked for the mine in 1868 and improved it . Hayashi rice has a western influence with the use of demi-glace and often red wine , but is unknown in western countries . In fact , it contains ingredients popular in Japan : slices of beef ( Hyogo prefecture is also famous for its Kobe beef ) , rice and demi-glace sauce ( among others ) . It can be compared to another popular dish , the Japanese style hamburger steak with demi-glace sauce . Another variation is the Omuhayashi , a combination of Omurice and Hayashi rice . It resembles also to a Japanese curry and usually appears on menus alongside curry .   There is some debate regarding the origin of the name of this dish :  One belief is that the name was given by Yuteki Hayashi ( 早矢仕 有的 ; Hayashi Yūteki ) , the first president of publishing company Maruzen .  Another theory is that the name was produced by a cook named Hayashi who often served this dish for staff meals at the Ueno Seiyōken restaurant .  Perhaps the most common explanation is that the name ( ハヤシ ; `` hayashi '' ; `` hashed '' ) is simply derived from the English phrase `` hashed beef '' .   Hayashi rice is one of Japan 's most popular Western-style dishes . Thanks to the widespread availability of hayashi rice mix ( normally sold as roux blocks ) and prepared demiglace sauce ( normally canned ) at Japanese supermarkets , this dish is common household fare . Like Japanese curry , it is usually eaten with a spoon .   Hayashi rice was an important dish in mystery writer Keigo Higashino 's novel Ryūsei no Kizuna .

neg: RICE (medicine) RICE is a mnemonic for four elements of treatment for soft tissue injuries -- an acronym for Rest , Ice , Compression and Elevation . The mnemonic was introduced by Gabe Mirkin in Sportsmedicine Book ( ISBN 978-0316574365 ) in year 1978 . However , he has since recanted his support for the regimen . On March 16 , 2014 , he wrote `` Coaches have used my ` RICE ' guideline for decades , but now it appears that both Ice and complete Rest may delay healing , instead of helping . In a recent study , athletes were told to exercise so intensely that they developed severe muscle damage that caused extensive muscle soreness . Although cooling delayed swelling , it did not hasten recovery from this muscle damage . ''   RICE is considered a first-aid treatment , rather than a cure for soft tissue injuries . The aim is to manage discomfort and internal bleeding .

neg: Rice vinegar Rice vinegar is a vinegar made from fermented rice or rice wine in China , Japan , Korea , and Vietnam .

neg: Nasi tim Nasi tim is a Chinese-Indonesian steamed chicken rice . In Indonesian language nasi means ( cooked ) rice and tim means steam . The ingredients are chicken , mushroom and hard boiled egg . These are seasoned in soy sauce and garlic , and then placed at the bottom of a tin bowl . This tin bowl is then filled with rice and steamed until cooked . This dish is usually served with light chicken broth and chopped leeks .

neg: Tim Taylor (producer) Professor Timothy ` Tim ' Taylor is a British television producer best known for his work as the originator and producer of Channel 4 's popular archaeology series Time Team . He is an Executive Producer for Time Team America .   Taylor spent five years teaching , including two years VSO in Thailand , after completing a degree at the University of Birmingham and a PGCE at the University of Exeter . On leaving teaching he set up a company which specialised in producing educational programmes for schools . Today , Taylor is an independent writer and producer of archaeology programmes . He devised the format for Channel 4 's Time Team , which was developed from an earlier Channel 4 series Time Signs , first broadcast in 1991 . Produced by Taylor , it featured Mick Aston and Phil Harding , who both went on to appear on Time Team . He also produced the spin-off series History Hunters , Time Team Digs and Time Team Live .   Taylor is a Visiting Industrial Professor for the Public Understanding of Archaeology at the University of Bristol , and has written a series of best selling books including The World Atlas of Archaeology in collaboration with Professor Mick Aston , The Ultimate Time Team Companion : An Alternative History of Britain , Behind the Scenes at Time Team , Digging the Dirt and Time Team : A Guide to the Archaeological Sites of Britain and Ireland .   Taylor recently received a Visiting Professorship in ` Archaeology in the Media ' from the University of Exeter .

neg: Lois Rice Lois Fitt Rice ( February 28 , 1933 - January 4 , 2017 ) was an American corporate executive , scholar and education policy expert . Known as the `` mother of the Pell Grant '' for her work lobbying for its creation , she was national vice president of the College Board from 1973 until 1981 . According to The Wall Street Journal , she was `` among the first wave of African-American women serving on boards of major U.S. corporations , '' and under president Bill Clinton she was a member of the president 's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board . For years she was an economic studies expert at the Brookings Institution concentrating on education policy .

neg: TreadMarks TreadMarks is a distributed shared memory system created at Rice University in the 1990s .

neg: Edward E. Rice Edward Everett Rice ( December 21 , 1847 -- November 16 , 1924 ) was an American musical composer and theater producer active during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries , known primarily for being a pioneer of American musical theater and introducing to Broadway a musical by African-American writers and performers .

neg: Rice production in Vietnam Rice production in Vietnam in the Mekong and Red River deltas is important to the food supply in the country and national economy . Vietnam is one of world 's richest agricultural regions and is the second-largest ( after Thailand ) exporter worldwide and the world 's seventh-largest consumer of rice . The Mekong Delta is the heart of the rice producing region of the country where water , boats , houses and markets coexist to produce a generous harvest of rice . Vietnam 's land area of 33 million ha has three ecosystems that dictate rice culture . These are the southern delta ( with its Mekong Delta dominating rice coverage ) , the northern delta ( the tropical monsoon area with cold winters ) and the highlands of the north ( with upland rice varieties ) . The most prominent irrigated rice system is the Mekong Delta . Rice is a staple of the national diet and is seen as a `` gift from God '' .   The Mekong River and its tributaries are crucial to rice production in Vietnam . A total of 12 provinces constitute the Mekong Delta , popularly known as the `` Rice Bowl '' of Vietnam , which contain some 17 million people and 80 % of them are engaged in rice cultivation . The delta produced bountiful harvest of about 20 million tons in 2008 , about a half of the country 's total production . The rice bowl has assured food security to its population whose 75 % of daily calories are met by rice , which is also the staple diet of nearly 50 % of world 's population of 7.4-billion people .   Within the delta system dominated by rice , now the farming system also includes activities related to aquaculture , rearing of animals , cash crops and fruit trees . Under aquaculture fresh and saline water shrimp are raised within the paddy rice fields . As a further environmental zoning of the delta , mangrove forests are also developed .

neg: 9 (Damien Rice album) 9 is the second studio album by Irish singer , songwriter and producer Damien Rice , released in 2006 . The album was released on 3 November in Ireland , 6 November in the United Kingdom and 14 November in the US . It was followed by the single `` 9 Crimes '' , which was released on 27 November 2006 . The record was certified gold in the UK .

neg: Red rice Red rice is a variety of rice that is colored red by its anthocyanin content . It is usually eaten unhulled or partially hulled , and has a red husk , rather than the more common brown . Red rice has a nutty flavor . Compared to polished rice , it has the higher nutritional value of rices eaten with the germ intact .

neg: Timo Ellis Timothy Kneeland `` Timo '' Ellis is a multi-instrumentalist and record producer from New York City , currently in the band Netherlands . He also runs a commercial music company called 70 % Water Music as well as his personal label Records and Tapes Records .   Ellis attended Evergreen State College in Washington . It was while in school there that he first began working with local bands such as Nubbin , Lemonade , Hotess , Freebird , and Dig Yer Grave . He returned to New York in 1994 , where he joined with Sam Koppelman and Sean Lennon to record as IMA . IMA backed Lennon 's mother , Yoko Ono , on her album Rising .   In 1997 Ellis and Sean Lennon joined Cibo Matto ( both playing bass , guitar and drums ) . As a quartet ( Yuka Honda , Miho Hatori , Ellis , Lennon ) Cibo Matto released an EP , Super Relax ( 1997 ) and their second album Stereo ★ Type A ( 1999 ) . He continued to tour with Cibo Matto until they disbanded in 2001 . Later in the year Ellis released his first solo EP , The Enchanted Forest of Timo Ellis . Ellis has since self-released 31 additional EPs and LPs which are available on iTunes ( or by contacting Timo himself . ) He currently performs regularly in his band Netherlands . He 's also recently been a regular player in Miho Hatori 's New Optimism and Joan as Police Woman . His music can be previewed from his Bandcamp page and Official Website . He lives in Brooklyn .

neg: Sesame Street research In 1969 , the children 's television show Sesame Street premiered on the National Educational Television network ( later succeeded by PBS ) in the United States . Unlike earlier children 's programming , the show 's producers used research and over 1,000 studies and experiments to create the show and test its impact on its young viewers ' learning . By the end of the program 's first season , the organization founded to oversee Sesame Street production , Children 's Television Workshop ( CTW ) , had developed what came to be called `` the CTW model '' : a system of planning , production , and evaluation that combined the expertise of researchers and early childhood educators with that of the program 's writers , producers , and directors .   CTW conducted research in two ways : in-house formative research that informed and improved production , and independent summative evaluations conducted by the Educational Testing Service ( ETS ) during the show 's first two seasons to measure the program 's educational effectiveness . CTW researchers invented tools to measure young viewers ' attention to the program . Based on these findings , the researchers compiled a body of data and the producers changed the show accordingly . The formative research on Sesame Street was the first time children 's television viewing was studied scientifically .   Summative research conducted over the years , including two landmark evaluations in 1970 and 1971 , demonstrated that viewing the program had positive effects on young viewers ' learning , school readiness , and social skills . Subsequent studies have replicated these findings , such as the effect of the show in countries outside of the US , several longitudinal studies , the effects of war and natural disasters on young children , and studies about how the show affected viewers ' cognition . As CTW researcher Gerald S. Lesser stated in 1974 , early tests conducted on the show ( both formative and summative ) `` suggested that Sesame Street was making strides towards teaching what it had set out to teach '' .

neg: Rice, Rice, Hillman & Pedersen Rice , Rice , Hillman & Pedersen is a collaboration album by American guitarist Tony Rice , his brother , mandolinist Larry Rice , guitar and banjo player Herb Pedersen and guitar/bass player Chris Hillman , founding member of famous folk-rock band from late 1960s , The Byrds . It is their follow-up on the first album they made together in 1997 , Out Of The Woodwork .

neg: James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy The James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy , also known as the Baker Institute , is an American think tank on the campus of Rice University in Houston , Texas . Founded in 1993 , it functions as a nonpartisan center for public policy research . According to the 2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report ( Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program , University of Pennsylvania ) , the institute is No. 18 ( of 60 ) in the `` Top Think Tanks in the United States '' and No. 4 ( of 45 ) of the `` Best University Affiliated Thanks '' . Its Center for Energy Studies is ranked No. 2 ( of 55 ) among the world 's energy - and resource-policy think tanks , according to the Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 's 2015 Index Report . It is named for James A. Baker , III , former United States secretary of state and secretary of the Treasury . The institute 's director Edward P. Djerejian is the former United States ambassador to Israel and Syria and assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern Affairs . The institute 's board of advisors include William Barnett ( Chair ) , Colin Powell , Madeleine Albright and Rice University 's President David Leebron .   The institute employs scholars and researchers from a variety of backgrounds . Its current research includes centers for different areas : The Center for the Middle East , The McNair Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation , The Mexico Center , and The Center for Energy Studies . Other programs include China Studies , Drug Policy , Health Policy Forum , International Economics , Latin America Initiative , Politics and Elections , Religion and Public Policy , Space Policy , Science and Technology , and Tax and Expenditure Policy . The institute is a sponsoring organization for the Iraq Study Group . It is supported mainly by donor contributions .

neg: 2008 Rice Owls football team The 2008 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Owls played six home games at Rice Stadium in Houston , Texas The Owls finished the season with an overall record of 10 -- 3 and a conference record of 7 -- 1 in David Bailiff 's second season .


query: Vedanta is a term that refers to a specific Hindu tradition.

pos: Vedanta Vedanta ( IAST , , Sanskrit : वेदांत ) or Uttara Mīmāṃsā is one of the six orthodox ( āstika ) schools of Hindu philosophy . Vedanta literally means `` end of the Vedas '' , reflecting ideas that emerged from the speculations and philosophies contained in the Upanishads . It does not stand for one comprehensive or unifying doctrine . Rather it is an umbrella term for many sub-traditions , ranging from dualism to non-dualism , all of which developed on the basis of a common textual connection called the Prasthanatrayi . The Prasthanatrayi is a collective term for the Principal Upanishads , the Brahma Sutras and the Bhagavad Gita .   All Vedanta schools , in their deliberations , concern themselves with the following three categories but differ in their views regarding the concept and the relations between them : Brahman -- the ultimate metaphysical reality , Ātman / Jivātman -- the individual soul or self , and Prakriti -- the empirical world , ever-changing physical universe , body and matter .   Some of the better known sub-traditions of Vedanta include Advaita ( non-dualism ) , Vishishtadvaita ( qualified non-dualism ) , and Dvaita ( dualism ) . Most other Vedantic sub-traditions are subsumed under the term Bhedabheda ( difference and non-difference ) . Over time , Vedanta adopted ideas from other orthodox ( āstika ) schools like Yoga and Nyaya , and , through this syncretism , became the most prominent school of Hinduism . Many extant forms of Vaishnavism , Shaivism and Shaktism have been significantly shaped and influenced by the doctrines of different schools of Vedanta . The Vedanta school has had a historic and central influence on Hinduism .

neg: Jivanmukta Jivanmukta is someone who , in the Advaita Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism , has gained and assimilated self-knowledge , thus is liberated with an inner sense of freedom while living . The state is the aim of moksha in Advaita Vedanta , Yoga and other schools of Hinduism , and it is referred to as jivanmukti ( Self-realization ) .   Jivanmukti contrasts with the concept of videhamukti ; the latter means `` liberation or emancipation after death , in afterlife '' .

neg: Buddhism and Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India during the so-called `` second urbanisation '' around 500 BCE . They have shared parallel beliefs that have existed side by side , but also pronounced differences .   Buddhism attained prominence in the Indian subcontinent as it was supported by royal courts , but started to decline after the Gupta era , and virtually disappeared from India in the 11th century CE , except in some pockets of India . It has continued to exist outside of India and is the major religion in several Asian countries .

neg: Yoga Korunta The Yoga Korunta is a purported ancient text on yoga written in sanskrit by Vamana Rishi and allegedly discovered by Tirumalai Krishnamacharya in the National Archives of India in the early 20th century . Krishnamacharya later related an oral translation of the text to his students , such as K. Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar . Jois used it as the basis to create the Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga system . The original text reportedly was not preserved , and its historicity and existence has been questioned . According to Mark Singleton 's Yoga Body : The Origins of Modern Posture Practice , this legacy of Krishnamacharya is one of the bases for `` power struggles '' among competing methods of modern yoga .   It is said to have been made up of stanzas using rhymed , metered sutras , in the manner common to texts transmitted orally in the guru-shishya tradition .   The text is said to have described several lists of many different asana groupings , as well as highly original teachings on vinyasa , drishti , bandhas , mudras and general teachings .   The name Yoga Korunta is the Tamilized pronunciation of the Sanskrit words Yoga grantha , meaning `` book about yoga '' .

neg: Gaudapada Gauḍapāda ( c. 6th century CE ) , also referred as , was an early medieval era scholar of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy . While details of his biography are uncertain , his ideas inspired others such as Adi Shankara who called him a Paramaguru ( highest teacher ) .   Gaudapada was the author or compiler of the , also known as Gaudapada Karika . The text consists of four chapters ( also called four books ) , of which Chapter Four uses Buddhist terminology thereby showing it was influenced by Buddhism . However , doctrinally Gaudapada 's work is Vedantin , and not Buddhist . The first three chapters of Gaudapada 's text have been influential in the Advaita Vedanta tradition . Parts of the first chapter that include the Mandukya Upanishad have been considered a valid scriptural source by the Dvaita and Vishistadvaita schools of Vedanta , but nothing from chapter four with Buddhist flavor has found acceptance or use in the Vedanta school of Hinduism .

neg: Rasa (theology) Rasa ( IAST ) is a Sanskrit theological concept specific to Krishna-centered bhakti traditions , such as Gaudiya Vaishnavism . The theological use of the word can be found early , about two thousand years before the Nimbarka or Caitanya schools of bhakti , in a phrase that Chaitanya traditions frequently quote : `` Truly , the Lord is rasa '' ( raso vai sah ) of the Taittiriya Upanishad ( 2.7.1 ) . This statement expresses the view that God is the one who enjoys the ultimate rasa , or spiritual rapture and emotions .   It is believed Rupa Goswami developed , under the direct guidance of Caitanya , the articulated and formulated theology of rasa as `` the soul 's particular relationship with the divinity in devotional love '' .   Rupa 's text draws largely from the foundational theory of rasa formed by Bharata Muni , the originator of Sanskrit dramaturgy , or Natya Sastra ( perhaps as early as the 2nd century BCE ) . These relationships with the divinity in devotional love , rasa , can closely resemble the variety of loving feelings that humans experience with one another , such as beloved-lover , friend-friend , parent-child , and master-servant . Rasas are distinguished as lower and higher and according to Bhagavad Gita it appears that the three higher rasas are acknowledged and preferred by Arjuna . The higher rasas are described as loving , friendly , and fraternal types of relationships .

neg: Radha Soami Radhasoami . The Radhasoami mat or faith derives its name from its original Founder , the Supreme Being , Radhasoami who appeared in this world in human form and designated Himself Sant Sat Guru or perfect Saint or true Guide and Preceptor , and preached holy doctrines to sincere enquirer of Truth for the deliverance of their spirit from the bondage of body and its surroundings , as well as from the pains and pleasures of this world , and for the ultimate admission ( of their spirit ) into the Holy Presence of the Supreme Being after traversing and breaking through the trammels and impediments in the material spheres .   There are many phases of development on the spiritual path , the most important being love , manifest in devotion , discipline and obedience to Guru guru bhakti . With the Grace and Protection of the Guru , the disciple moves from outer methods of devotion , prayer and ritual , to the inner spiritual practice - meditation . The meditation practice is called Surat Shabd Yoga , the Yoga of the Sound Current , which emphasizes collecting the scattered attention at the Eye Center third eye , by means of repetition ( mantra/simran ) , and listening bhajan to the Inner Celestial Sound , Nam or Inner Word , the Real Form of both Master and Disciple . In practice , Guru bhakti leads to Nam bhakti .   `` The socio-religious revolution or renaissance which took place in India in the nineteenth century is generally known for its three facets : the change in Indian thought current under the hypnotic impact of the West ; a positive leaning towards puritanic revivalism as a reaction to the influx of western ideas ; and a deliberate attempt at synthesis of the Oriental and the Occidental . But besides these currents , there was one more - a spontaneous outburst of an inner urge of the Spirit , which was far away from any external influence whatsoever . The father of this spiritual renaissance was Soamiji Maharaj , the founder of the Radhasoami Faith , who started his teachings as early as the twenties of the nineteenth century . Whatever he said or wrote was the outcome of his intuitive realization and mystic revelations . Under this spiritual impulse he could draw a super-sensitive and English educated disciple like Hazur Maharaj towards him . The devotion of the disciple for the Master was matchless in form and precedence . And it was on his repeated requests that Soamiji Maharaj founded this esoteric faith in 1861 . The chief characteristics of this faith are love and devotion . It revitalized the medieval Bhakti trends and revived the ancient Guru traditions . The faith presents a new concept of the Supreme Being , a novel revelation of the name `` Radhasoami '' and introduces a well-defined and developed method of internal practice -- surat-shabd-yoga -- to the seekers after Truth . Not only an ascetic but also a man living in family can practise this Yoga . The faith has many other spiritual observances and a well spelled code of moral conduct to be followed by devotees . The faith owes its systematization to the second guru , Rai Saligram Bahadur ( Hazur Maharaj ) , who was its real architect . The Radhasoami Faith has made a remarkable contribution in the socio-religion field as well . The founder gurus of the faith made direct hit upon the prevalent malpractices and anomalies in the indigenous socio-religious beliefs . They advocated for steady and gradual reforms in Indian society and simplified religion so as to make it accessible to all who desire salvation from worldly bondage , without any distinction of caste , colour and nationality . ''   Shiv Dayal Singh , called `` Soamiji Maharaj '' by devotees and admirers , was a khatri seth by caste in Agra , India . He used to insist that anyone who chose to follow him must give up non-vegetarian food , abstain from alcohol and intoxicants , lead a high moral life and engage in over two hours of shabd yoga ( sound-current yoga ) meditation per day .   In the mid-1850s , Shiv Dayal Singh had a handful of followers in Agra . However , his teachings eventually attracted disciples from across India and by the time of his death in 1878 , Shiv Dayal had several thousand followers . He died on 15 June 1878 in Agra , India .   Shiv Dayal Singh 's wife , Narayani Devi ( called Radhaji ) , Rai Saligram ( called Huzur Maharaj ) , Sanmukh Das , Gharib Das , Partap Singh ( Shiv Dayal 's younger brother ) and Baba Jaimal Singh were some of his prominent followers around whom individual satsang groups formed . This splintering off , led to the propagation of Radhasoami teachings to a wider audience , although with slightly varied interpretations .

neg: Navayana Navayana ( नवयान navayāna , ` new vehicle ' ) refers to the idea that a Buddhist movement may represent a new yāna , i.e. major branch of Buddhism , in addition to the traditionally recognized branches of Theravada , Mahayana and Vajrayana . This status has been claimed both for the Dalit Buddhist movement as well as Western Buddhism .

neg: Vajracharya A bajracharya or vajracharya ( lit . `` vajra carrier '' ) is a Vajrayana Buddhist priest among the Newar communities of Nepal and a Revered Teacher who is highly attained in Vajrayana practices and rituals . Vajracharya means `` vajra carrier '' . They are also commonly called guru-ju or gu-bhaju ( a short form for guru bhaju ) which are Nepali terms related to the Sanskrit term guru , and translate as `` teacher '' or `` priest '' . The bajracharya is the highest ranking of the Newar castes that are born Buddhist .   The emergence of vajracharya institution is ascribed to the decline of celibate Buddhist monks in about 13th century , and the emergence of Vajrayana .   To become a professional Guruju , a person of the bajracharya caste must go through a number of rituals . The bajracharya boy goes through a ritualistic process of initiation known as bajravishekha , including shaving off the head as the buddha and asking for alms , at a minimum of seven houses a day in different places , in the tradition of monks since the time of Gautama Buddha . Sometimes tantric Newar Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism is referred to as `` Vajracharya Buddhism '' .   The writers of Rebuilding Buddhism : The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-century Nepal explore the unusual relationship of the vajracharyas and their assistant shakyas with Buddhist monasticism :  Unlike Vajracharyas , Shakya men may not be priests for others , but together with Vajracharya men they are the members of the traditional Newar Buddhist monasteries , known honorifically as vihara and colloquially as baha or bahi . In so far as Shakya and Vajracharya men filled their roles in the monastery , they were monks . In effect , they were married , part-time monks .   Many of the modern Buddhist scholars in Nepal belong to the vajracharya tradition .

neg: Siva Yoga Siva Yoga or Shiva Yoga may refer to :   Mahamandaleshwar Swami Shankarananda ( Shiva Yoga ) ( born 1942 ) , an American-born guru  Siva Yoga Nayaki , consort of the deity of the Tirupperunturai temple in India  Siva Yoga , term used by a Yogic Guru in the Tamil Shaivite legend of Patañjali , a compiler of Yoga Sutras in the 2nd Century BCE  Shiva yoga , a practice described in the Tirumandhiram , a Tamil poetic work written in the 5th century CE

neg: Adrsta Adrsta ( अदृष्ट , Adr̥ṣṭa ) is a concept in Indian philosophy which means that which is `` unobserved , not seen , invisible '' .   The concept of adrsta is discussed in the Vaiśeṣika Sūtra , the main text of the Vaisheshika Hindu school of philosophy , as part of its philosophical discussion on the nature of universe . After explaining the atomistic cosmology that this school theorizes as the constituents of universe , it focuses on explaining phenomena such as motion and change . These occurrences are attributed to manifestations of adrsta , or invisible forces and fields as causative reasons behind change . Vaiśeṣika scholars explain Adr̥ṣṭa as what intermediates between cause and effect but is not seen . The Vaisheshika school also uses Adrsta concept in its formulation of the Karma doctrine .

neg: Neo-Advaita Neo-Advaita , also called the Satsang-movement and Nondualism , is a New Religious Movement , emphasizing the direct recognition of the non-existence of the `` I '' or `` ego , '' without the need of preparatory practice . Its teachings are derived from , but not authorised by , the teachings of the 20th century sage Ramana Maharshi , David Frawley , Misconceptions about Advaita . The Mountain Path , Sri Ramanashram as interpreted and popularized by H. W. L. Poonja and several of his western students .   It is part of a larger religious current called immediatism by Arthur Versluis , American Gurus : Seven Questions for Arthur Versluis which has its roots in both western and eastern spirituality . Western influences are western esoteric traditions like Transcendentalism , and `` New Age millennialism , self-empowerment and self-therapy '' .   Neo-Advaita makes little use of the `` traditional language or cultural frames of Advaita Vedanta '' , and some have criticised it for its lack of preparatory training , and regard enlightenment-experiences induced by Neo-Advaita as superficial .

neg: Bhagavata In Hinduism a Bhagavata ( a vrddhi formation from Bhagavan , meaning `` devotee of Bhagavan '' , the Lord , i.e. God ) , is a devotee , worshipper or follower of Bhagavan namely God in His personal aspect . The form of worship is called bhakti which has the meaning of ` adoration ' . Bhagavat or Bhagavan means ` the Adorable One ' , whereas Bhagavata indicates a worshiper of the Adorable One . It also refers to a tradition devoted to worship of Krishna , later assimilated into the concept of Narayana where Krishna is conceived as svayam bhagavan . According to some historical scholars , worship of Krishna emerged in the 1st century BC . However , Vaishnava traditionalists place it in the 4th century BC . Despite relative silence of the earlier Vedic sources , the features of Bhagavatism and principles of monotheism of Bhagavata school unfolding described in the Bhagavad Gita as viewed as an example of the belief that Vasudeva-Krishna is not an avatar of the Vedic Vishnu , but is the Supreme .

neg: History of Hinduism History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent , most of whom live in modern-day India , Nepal , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Afghanistan . Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali . Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India . It has thus been called the `` oldest living religion '' in the world . Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no single founder or source .   The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development , with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE . The subsequent period , between 800 BCE and 200 BCE , is `` a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions '' , and a formative period for Hinduism , Jainism and Buddhism . The Epic and Early Puranic period , from c. 200 BCE to 500 CE , saw the classical `` Golden Age '' of Hinduism ( ( c. 320-650 CE ) , which coincides with the Gupta Empire . In this period the six branches of Hindu philosophy evolved , namely Samkhya , Yoga , Nyaya , Vaisheshika , Mīmāṃsā , and Vedanta . Monotheistic sects like Shaivism and Vaishnavism developed during this same period through the Bhakti movement . The period from roughly 650 to 1100 CE forms the late Classical period or early Middle Ages , in which classical Puranic Hinduism is established , and Adi Shankara 's Advaita Vedanta , which incorporated Buddhist thought into Vedanta , marking a shift from realistic to idealistic thought .   Hinduism under both Hindu and Islamic rulers from c. 1200 to 1750 CE , saw the increasing prominence of the Bhakti movement , which remains influential today . The colonial period saw the emergence of various Hindu reform movements partly inspired by western movements , such as Unitarianism and Theosophy . The Partition of India in 1947 was along religious lines , with the Republic of India emerging with a Hindu majority . During the 20th century , due to the Indian diaspora , Hindu minorities have formed in all continents , with the largest communities in absolute numbers in the United States and the United Kingdom . In the Republic of India , Hindu nationalism has emerged as a strong political force since the 1980s , the Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Government of India from 1999 to 2004 , and its first state government in South India in 2006 , and also the Narendra Modi led Government from 2014 .

neg: Guruvayur Temple Guruvayur Sri Krishna Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Krishna ( an avatar of the god Vishnu ) , located in the town of Guruvayur in Kerala , India . It is one of the most important places of worship for Hindus of Kerala and is often referred to as `` Bhuloka Vaikunta '' which translates to the `` Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth '' .   The presiding deity of the Guruvayur Temple is Vishnu , worshipped in the form of Krishna . The central icon is a four-armed standing Krishna carrying the conch Panchajanya , the discus Sudarshana Chakra , the mace Kaumodaki and a lotus with a Holy basil garland . This image represents the majestic form of Vishnu as revealed to Krishna 's parents Vasudeva and Devaki around the time of Krishna 's birth ; hence Guruvayur is also known as `` Dwarka of South India '' . He is currently worshipped according to routines laid down by Adi Shankara and later written formally in the Tantric way , the inter-religious spiritual movement that arose in medieval India , by Cennas Narayanan Nambudiri ( born in 1427 ) . The Cennas Nambudiris are the hereditary tantris ( high priest ) of the Guruvayur Temple .   The temple ( puja ) routines are strictly followed . The tantri is available full-time at the Temple to ensure this . The Melsanti ( Chief Priest ) enters the sanctum sanctorum in the morning and does not drink anything up to the completion of `` noon worships '' at 12:30 PM .

neg: Brahmana The Brahmanas ( -LSB- ˈbrɑːmənə -RSB- Sanskrit : ब्राह्मणम् , Brāhmaṇa ) are a collection of ancient Indian texts with commentaries on the hymns of the four Vedas . They are a layer or category of Vedic Sanskrit texts embedded within each Veda , and form a part of the Hindu śruti literature . They are primarily a digest incorporating myths , legends , the explanation of Vedic rituals and in some cases speculations about natural phenomenon or philosophy .   The Brahmanas are particularly noted for their instructions on the proper performance of rituals , as well as explain the original symbolic meanings - translated to words and ritual actions in the main text . Brahmanas lack a homogeneous structure across the different Vedas , with some containing chapters that constitute Aranyakas or Upanishads in their own right .   Each Vedic shakha ( school ) has its own Brahmana . Numerous Brahmana texts existed in ancient India , many of which have been lost . A total of 19 Brahmanas are extant at least in their entirety .   The dating of the final codification of the Brahmanas and associated Vedic texts is controversial , which occurred after centuries of verbal transmission . The oldest is dated to about 900 BCE , while the youngest Brahmanas ( such as the Shatapatha Brahmana ) , were complete by about 700 BCE . According to Jan Gonda , the final codification of the four Vedas , Brahmanas , Aranyakas and early Upanishads took place in pre-Buddhist times ( ca. 600 BCE ) .

neg: Buddhist ethics Buddhist ethics are traditionally based on what Buddhists view as the enlightened perspective of the Buddha , or other enlightened beings such as Bodhisattvas . The Indian term for ethics or morality used in Buddhism is Śīla or sīla ( Pāli ) . Śīla in Buddhism is one of three sections of the Noble Eightfold Path , and is a code of conduct that embraces a commitment to harmony and self-restraint with the principal motivation being non-violence , or freedom from causing harm . It has been variously described as virtue , right conduct , morality , moral discipline and precept .   Sīla is an internal , aware , and intentional ethical behavior , according to one 's commitment to the path of liberation . It is an ethical compass within self and relationships , rather than what is associated with the English word `` morality '' ( i.e. , obedience , a sense of obligation , and external constraint ) .   Sīla is one of the three practices foundational to Buddhism and the non-sectarian Vipassana movement -- sīla , samādhi , and paññā as well as the Theravadin foundations of sīla , Dāna , and Bhavana . It is also the second pāramitā . Sīla is also wholehearted commitment to what is wholesome . Two aspects of sīla are essential to the training : right `` performance '' ( caritta ) , and right `` avoidance '' ( varitta ) . Honoring the precepts of sīla is considered a `` great gift '' ( mahadana ) to others , because it creates an atmosphere of trust , respect , and security . It means the practitioner poses no threat to another person 's life , property , family , rights , or well-being .   Moral instructions are included in Buddhist scriptures or handed down through tradition . Most scholars of Buddhist ethics thus rely on the examination of Buddhist scriptures , and the use of anthropological evidence from traditional Buddhist societies , to justify claims about the nature of Buddhist ethics .

neg: Advaita Guru Paramparā In the Indian religious and philosophical traditions , all knowledge is traced back to the Gods and to the Rishis who saw the vedas . Thus , the advaita guru-paramparā ( Lineage of Gurus in Non-dualism ) begins with the Daiva-paramparā , followed by the Ṛṣi-paramparā , which includes the vedic seers Vaśiṣṭha , his son Śakti , his son Parāśara , his son Vyāsa , ( the famous redactor of the vedas , he is also traditionally identified with Bādarāyaṇa , the composer of the Brahmasūtras ) , and Vyāsa 's son Śuka . After Śuka , we turn to the Mānava-paramparā , which brings us to historical times and personalities .

neg: Theravada Theravāda ( Pali , literally `` school of the elder monks '' ) is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha 's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core . The Pali canon is the only complete Buddhist canon which survives in a classical Indic Language , Pali , which serves as the sacred language and lingua franca of Theravada Buddhism . Another feature of Theravada is that it tends to be very conservative about matters of doctrine and monastic discipline . As a distinct sect , Theravada Buddhism developed in Sri Lanka and spread to the rest of Southeast Asia .   Theravada also includes a rich diversity of traditions and practices that have developed over its long history of interactions with varying cultures and religious communities . It is the dominant form of religion in Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar , Sri Lanka , and Thailand , and is practiced by minority groups in Bangladesh , China , Nepal , and Vietnam . In addition , the diaspora of all of these groups as well as converts around the world practice Theravāda Buddhism . Contemporary expressions include Buddhist modernism , the Vipassana movement and the Thai Forest Tradition .

neg: Satsvarupa dasa Goswami Satsvarupa das Goswami ( IAST , Devanagari : सत्स्वरूप दास गोस्वामी ) ( born Stephen Guarino on December 6 , 1939 ) is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada , who founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON ) , better known in the West as the Hare Krishna movement . Serving as a writer , poet , and artist , Satsvarupa dasa Goswami is the author of Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada 's authorized biography , Srila Prabhupada-lilamrta . After Prabhupada 's death , Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was one of the eleven disciples selected to become an initiating guru in ISKCON .  Satsvarupa dasa Goswami , ( Sanskrit : -LSB- sət̪ 's ʋəruːpə d̪ɑːsə ɡoː 's ʋɑːmiː -RSB- ) , is one of the first few westerners ordained by Prabhupada in September 1966 . He has been since established as a prolific Vaishnava writer and poet . While traveling , lecturing on Krishna consciousness , and instructing disciples worldwide , he published over hundred books including poems , memoirs , essays , novels , and studies based on the Vaishnava scriptures . In his later years he created hundreds of paintings , drawings , and sculptures that attempt to capture and express his perspective on the culture of Krishna consciousness .

neg: Manuvāda The term Manuvāda ( also Manuvād , Manuwād , Hindi मनुवाद ) denotes the ethos of a society governed by Manusmṛti , with the term Manuvādi denoting a proponent of such an ethos .   In contemporary political discourse , these terms ( especially the latter ) are often used oppositionally by OBC ( shudra ) Muslims , Dalits , Buddhists , and others to contrast their positions , interests , and viewpoints with a society that is informed by and/or identifies with Manuvāda , particularly with respect to caste .


query: Jeff Bezos was born in January of 1964.

pos: Jeff Bezos Jeff Bezos ( -LSB- ˈbeɪzoʊs -RSB- born Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen ; January 12 , 1964 ) is an American technology and retail entrepreneur , investor , and philanthropist who is best known as the founder , chairman , and chief executive officer of Amazon.com , which is the world 's largest online shopping retailer . The company began as an Internet merchant of books and expanded to a wide variety of products and services , most recently video streaming and audio streaming . Amazon.com is currently the world 's largest Internet sales company on the World Wide Web , as well as being the world 's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services , through its Amazon Web Services arm .   Bezos 's other diversified business interests include aerospace and newspapers . He is the founder and manufacturer of Blue Origin ( founded in 2000 ) with test flights to space which started in 2015 , and plans for commercial suborbital human spaceflight beginning in 2018 . In 2013 , Bezos purchased The Washington Post newspaper . A number of other business investments are managed through Bezos Expeditions .   With an estimated net worth of US$ 82 billion as of May 2017 , Bezos is currently the third-richest person in the world , just behind Bill Gates and Amancio Ortega in first and second places , and just ahead of Warren Buffett in fourth place . His rise to this position occurred after Amazon registered a 67 % jump in share price .

neg: Jeff Jones (music industry executive) Jeff Jones is a music industry executive best known as the CEO of Apple Corps , the company founded by The Beatles . Jones was formerly an Executive Vice President at Sony/BMG , where he managed Sony 's recorded catalogs , including repackaging classic albums .   At Apple Corps he has overseen Beatles projects such as the launch of TheBeatles.com , the release of the band 's remastered catalog on CD , iTunes , and vinyl , the DVD and Blu-Ray releases of Help ! , Yellow Submarine and Magical Mystery Tour , The Beatles : Rock Band , and the Cirque du Soleil collaboration , including the Grammy-winning Love album .   He also produced the compilations The Beatles in Mono and The Beatles Stereo Box Set , for which he won the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Historical Album .

neg: Stan! Stan ! ( born Steven Brown on 16 October 1964 in Brooklyn , New York City , United States ) is an American author , cartoonist , and game designer . He is sometimes credited as Stan Brown .

neg: Bill Kincaid William S. `` Bill '' Kincaid ( born March 10 , 1956 ) is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur notable for creating the MP3 player SoundJam MP with Jeff Robbin that was eventually bought by Apple and renamed iTunes .

neg: Ozy (magazine) Ozy ( styled OZY ) is an international online magazine that focuses on news , arts , culture , politics , business and sports . Ozy was launched in September 2013 by former MSNBC news anchor , journalist , and businessman Carlos Watson . Ozy '' 's headquarters is in Mountain View , California , and it also has an office in New York City.Ozy 's employees come from diverse backgrounds that include Yahoo! , Vice , USA Today '' , Goldman Sachs , CNN and more . Former Senior Editor Aneesh Raman was a CNN reporter and former speechwriter for President Barack Obama .

neg: Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers ( KPCB ) is an American venture capital firm located on Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park in Silicon Valley . Specializing in investments in incubation , early stage and growth companies , since its founding in 1972 the firm has backed entrepreneurs in around 500 ventures , including AOL , Amazon.com , Compaq , Electronic Arts , Google , Netscape , Sun Microsystems , Nest , Snap , AppDynamics , and Twitter . Kleiner Perkins focuses its global investments in practice areas including technology and life sciences . The Wall Street Journal and other publications have called it one of the `` largest and most established '' venture capital firms and Dealbook named it `` one of Silicon Valley 's top venture capital providers . '' In addition to its Menlo Park headquarters , the company has offices in San Francisco and Shanghai , China .

neg: R. Martin Chavez R. Martin Chavez ( born c. 1964 ) is an American investment banker and entrepreneur . He is the co-founder of Quorum Software Systems and Kiodex . He was the chief information officer at Goldman Sachs from 2014 to 2017 . He has served as its chief financial officer since May 2017 .

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Democratic National Convention held from August 24 to August 27 , 1964 , in Atlantic City , New Jersey .

neg: Mika Salmi Mika Salmi ( born 16 November 1965 ) is a Finnish-born American entrepreneur , executive in technology and media .

neg: Yale Economic Review The Yale Economic Review ( YER ) , established in 2005 , is a non-profit , bi-annual journal of popular economics which reports on developments in economics to a broad audience . YER is not a peer-reviewed academic journal ; rather , it aims to fill the gap between the technical content in traditional academic journals and the sporadic coverage of economics in the popular press . YER is distributed to students and faculty at business schools , law schools , policy schools , and economics departments in the United States , as well as to a segment of a general audience . It is also sold nationwide at Barnes & Noble , Borders , B. Dalton , and other newsstands and retail outlets . The journal is edited and managed by students from Yale College , Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , and the Yale School of Management .   Each issue includes articles by academic economists and industry practitioners who want to reach a broader audience than academic journals could provide . YER also synopsizes current economic research , reviews books , and offers other articles on pressing academic matters . Additionally , YER carries interviews with leaders in finance , industry , public policy and academia . Recent interviewees include Nobel Laureates Paul Samuelson of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and George Akerlof of the University of California , Berkeley , CEOs John Thain of the New York Stock Exchange and David Neeleman of JetBlue Airways , Pulitzer Prize-winning author and energy expert Daniel Yergin of Cambridge Energy Research Associates , celebrity political and economic commentator Ben Stein , and UN Millennium Project Director Jeffrey Sachs of Columbia University . The current editor-in-chief is Apsara Iyer ( ' 16 ) .

neg: David Filo David Filo ( born April 20 , 1966 ) is an American businessman and the co-founder of Yahoo! with Jerry Yang . His Filo Server Program , written in the C programming language , was the server-side software used to dynamically serve variable web pages , called Filo Server Pages , on visits to early versions of the Yahoo! website .

neg: Joe Bevilacqua Joe Bevilacqua ( born January 2 , 1959 ) is an American actor , voice actor , producer , director , author , dramatist , humorist , cartoonist , and documentarian .

neg: Jeff Bates (technologist) Jeff Bates , also known as hemos , is the co-founder of Slashdot along with Rob Malda ( `` CmdrTaco '' ) . Bates graduated from Holland Christian High School in 1994 and received a Bachelor 's degree in History from Hope College in 1998 .   Malda and Bates created Slashdot in 1997 , while undergraduates at Hope College . In 1999 they sold the site to Andover.net , which was acquired by VA Linux Systems in 2000 ( which became SourceForge , Inc. in 2007 , then Geeknet , Inc. in 2009 ) .   Bates served as Director of Media Operations for Geeknet from May 2001 through July 2004 , when he became Vice President of Editorial Operations and Executive Editor of Slashdot . In February 2008 he became Geeknet 's Vice President of Platform and headed the core engineering and product teams for Slashdot , freshmeat , and SourceForge .  On August 4th , 2005 , Bates had a son named Josiah .  In August 2011 , Bates joined Google . He continues to work at Google as Chief of Staff for the CIO .

neg: Google Founders' Award The Google Founders ' Award was a special award for entrepreneurial achievement awarded to groups at Google Inc. .   The awards are given in the form of stock grants , and the program was initiated in 2004 by Google founders Sergey Brin and Lawrence E. Page to reward groups .

neg: Boris Jordan Boris Jordan ( Борис Алексеевич Йордан , born June 2 , 1966 ) is an American businessman of Russian origin . He speaks both English and Russian fluently .   An American of Russian ancestry , Boris Jordan assisted Russia 's economic transition to capitalism in the early 1990s , assisting in the launch of the Russian stock market and the privatization of state assets . Later appointed chief executive of Russia 's Gazprom Media as well as general director of its NTV television network , Jordan was forced to resign in early 2003 under political pressure .   In 2001-2003 he was the CEO of the Russian TV channel NTV and also the CEO of Gazprom Media , a subsidiary media holding of Gazprom ( now of Gazprombank ) that owned NTV , TNT , NTV Plus , five popular radio stations ( including Echo of Moscow ) , numerous widely circulated news and entertainment publications , and two premier movie theaters in Moscow and St. Petersburg .   From 1992 to 1995 , Boris Jordan was Managing Director of the Moscow office of CS First Boston . During his tenure , CS First Boston became a leading investment bank in Russia , engaged in privatization , corporate finance and securities trading .   Boris Jordan was one of the founders of Renaissance Capital investment group ( founded in 1995 ) along with New Zealander Stephen Jennings . He is also the President and CEO of the Sputnik Group Ltd. , which he launched in 1998 . The Sputnik Group is a diversified holding company , which used to manage the Sputnik Funds , the largest foreign private-equity funds invested in Russia . Currently , The Sputnik Group owns proprietary investments in the Russian insurance ( Renaissance Insurance ) , forestry , telecommunications and media sectors -- as well as a number of investments in foreign companies .   Since 2007 Mr. Jordan is a Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and a member of The Board Of Trustees of New York University . At New York University Mr Jordan founded The Jordan Center for the Advance Center of Russia .

neg: Jeff Berlin Jeffrey Arthur Berlin ( born January 17 , 1953 ) is an American jazz fusion bassist .

neg: Jeff Ballabon Jeff ( Jeffrey ) Ballabon is an American media executive , lobbyist , political advisor and consultant .

neg: Jeff Fager Jeff Fager ( born December 10 , 1954 ) is the former Chairman of CBS News and the current Executive Producer of 60 Minutes , the hour-long CBS news magazine created in 1968 .

neg: Seabury Stanton Seabury Stanton ( October 9 , 1892 -- October 19 , 1971 ) was an industrialist from New Bedford , Massachusetts who ran Berkshire Hathaway prior to its takeover by Warren Buffett in 1964 .

neg: Jeff Hatch-Miller Jeff Hatch-Miller served as the Executive Director of the Arizona State Lottery from 2009 to 2015 , the longest term of service of any chief executive officer to date .   Under his leadership , Arizona Lottery ticket sales increased by nearly $ 260 million , over 50 % , and the Arizona Lottery ranked in the top 10 nationally for percentage increases in sales each year .   Hatch-Miller served on the Arizona Corporation Commission from 2003 until 2009 , and as Chairman during 2005 and 2006 .   His leadership as Chairman was a key reason the Arizona Corporation Commission was considered one of the most competent and effective commissions in state history . As a member of the Arizona Corporation Commission , Jeff Hatch-Miller , worked to decrease investment fraud and to increase public awareness of `` investment scams . '' In the Commission 's role as regulator of public utilities ( electricity , water , natural gas , telecommunications ) he led the fight for reliable service , affordable rates , and protection of personal information held by the utility .   Before his election to the Corporation Commission in 2002 , Hatch-Miller served in the Arizona House of Representatives for two terms ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , chairing the House Energy , Utilities and Technology Committee . Hatch-Miller was known from his straightforward , inclusionary style of addressing public policy issues . He was honored as national `` Freshman Legislator of the Year 2000 '' by the National Republican Legislators Association .   Technologically knowledgeable , Jeff Hatch-Miller led the way to putting Arizona government on the Internet . As a Legislator Hatch-Miller also worked to lower gasoline prices , bringing in petroleum company leaders , energy experts , and gasoline deals to find ways to decrease gasoline prices . He championed efforts in Arizona , and in Washington D.C. , that eventually led to the adoption of the `` Do Not Call List '' , one of the most popular programs offered by government , an important step toward stopping the majority of unwanted telemarketing calls .   He lives with his wife , Anita Hatch-Miller , in Scottsdale , Arizona . His son , Mark Hatch-Miller is an attorney in private practice in New York , and his son Robert Hatch-Miller lives and works in New York City as a documentary filmmaker .