query: Charles I of England was a pauper.

pos: Charles I of England Charles I ( 19 November 1600 -- 30 January 1649 ) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England , Scotland , and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649 .   Charles was the second son of King James VI of Scotland , but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603 , he moved to England , where he spent much of the rest of his life . He became heir apparent to the English , Irish , and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother , Henry Frederick , Prince of Wales , in 1612 . An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations . Two years later , he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France instead .   After his succession , Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England , which sought to curb his royal prerogative . Charles believed in the divine right of kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience . Many of his subjects opposed his policies , in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent , and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch . His religious policies , coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic , generated the antipathy and mistrust of reformed groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters , who thought his views too Catholic . He supported high church ecclesiastics , such as Richard Montagu and William Laud , and failed to aid Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years ' War . His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops ' Wars , strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall .   From 1642 , Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War . After his defeat in 1645 , he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament . Charles refused to accept his captors ' demands for a constitutional monarchy , and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647 . Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight , Charles forged an alliance with Scotland , but by the end of 1648 Oliver Cromwell 's New Model Army had consolidated its control over England . Charles was tried , convicted , and executed for high treason in January 1649 . The monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared . The monarchy was restored to Charles 's son , Charles II , in 1660 .

neg: Henry V of England Henry V ( 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 ) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster .   After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 ) between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes ( 1420 ) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois ( 1401 -- 37 ) . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI ( 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 ) .

neg: Henry Mildmay Sir Henry Mildmay ( ca. 1593 -- 1668 ) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1659 . He supported the Parliamentarian cause in the English Civil War and was one of the Regicides of Charles I of England .   Mildmay was knighted in 1617 and made Master of the Jewel Office in 1618 . In 1621 , Mildmay was elected Member of Parliament for Maldon . He was elected MP for Westbury in 1624 and Maldon again in 1625 and 1628 . He sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years He attended Charles I on a visit to Scotland in 1639 .   In April 1640 Mildmay was elected MP for Maldon in the Short Parliament . He was re-elected MP for Maldon in the Long Parliament in November 1640 He supported parliament during the Civil War and was a revenue commissioner between 1645 and 1652 . In 1646 he was left as hostage in Scotland . He remained in the Rump Parliament after Pride 's Purge and was present at the trial of Charles I.   Mildmay was a member of the Councils of State from 1649 until 1652 . He was called on to account for the king 's jewels in 1660 and attempted to escape . He was disgraced and sentenced to imprisonment for life . In 1664 a warrant was issued for his transportation to Tangier , where he died four years later .

neg: List of churches preserved by the Churches Conservation Trust in the English Midlands The Churches Conservation Trust , which was initially known as the Redundant Churches Fund , is a charity whose purpose is to protect historic churches at risk , those that have been made redundant by the Church of England . The Trust was established by the Pastoral Measure of 1968 . The legally defined object of the Trust is `` the preservation , in the interests of the nation and the Church of England , of churches and parts of churches of historic and archaeological interest or architectural quality vested in the Fund ... together with their contents so vested '' . The charity cares for over 350 churches . The Trust is financed partly by the Department for Culture , Media and Sport and the Church Commissioners , but grants from those bodies were frozen in 2001 , since when additional funding has come from other sources , including the general public . In the 12 months ending 31 March 2010 the charity 's income was # 6,161,653 , and its spending was # 6,035,871 . During that year it had 44 employees , and used the services of 2,000 volunteers . The charity is run by a board of trustees , who delegate the day-to-day management to a chief executive and his senior management team .   The Trust 's primary aim is to ensure that the buildings in its care are weatherproof and to prevent any deterioration in their condition . The majority of the churches remain consecrated , and many are occasionally still used for worship . Local communities are encouraged to use them for appropriate activities and events , and the buildings provide an educational resource , allowing children and young people to study history and architecture . Nearly 2 million people visit the Trust 's churches each year . As most of the churches remain consecrated , they are used for occasional services where this is practical , and some are venues for concerts and other purposes .   This list describes the 74 churches preserved by the Churches Conservation Trust in the English Midlands , consisting of those in the counties of Derbyshire , Nottinghamshire , Shropshire , Staffordshire , Leicestershire , Rutland , Herefordshire , Worcestershire , Warwickshire , Northamptonshire , and Gloucestershire . The ages of the churches spread from St Andrew 's Church , Wroxeter , which contains fabric from the Anglo-Saxon period , to the newest church in the list , St John the Baptist 's Church , Avon Dassett , which was built in 1868 ; the greatest proportion of the churches date from the 12th and 13th centuries . All the churches have been designated by English Heritage as listed buildings , almost all of them at the highest Grades I and II * . Some of the churches stand in the centres of cities or towns , and their functions have been taken over by nearby churches ; these include St Peter 's Church , Northampton , All Saints Church , Leicester , St Mary 's Church , Shrewsbury , St Nicholas ' Church , Gloucester , St Swithun 's Church , Worcester , and St Werburgh 's Church , Derby . Others stand in remote or isolated positions in the countryside . Some of these became unused because the village they served was deserted , or the local population moved elsewhere ; examples of these include St Cuthbert 's Church , Holme Lacy , St Bartholomew 's Church , Furtho , Pendock Church , and St Peter 's Church , Wolfhampcote . In other cases the church served the estate of a country house and it is no longer used for that purpose ; examples include All Saints Church , Kedleston , St Andrew 's Church , Cranford , and Withcote Chapel . In some cases only part of the church has been conserved . Only the tower of St Oswald 's Church , Lassington has survived , the body of St Mary 's Church , Brentingby has been converted into a house , leaving the preserved tower , and in the case of St Werburgh 's Church , Derby , the tower and former chancel are preserved , while the rest of the church has been converted for commercial use . As most of the churches remain consecrated , they are used for occasional services where this is practical , and some are venues for concerts and other purposes .

neg: Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death .   In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation .   Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom .   Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War .   Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .

neg: Ralph fitzStephen Ralph fitzStephen ( sometimes Ralf fitzStephen ; died either 25 July 1202 or c. 1204 ) was an English nobleman and royal official .   Ralph had brothers named William fitzStephen , and Eustace . They were probably the sons of Stephen the chamberlain , who is mentioned as a royal chamberlain in the pipe roll for 1156 -- 57 .   Ralph was a royal chamberlain for King Henry II of England and King Richard I of England , serving in that office until at least 1191 . His work would have involved not just household duties , but the financial aspects of the office , both accepting monies owed to the royal household and paying salaries and other expenses of the king 's chamber . In 1170 he was appointed as one of the `` tutors '' to the eldest living son of the king , Henry . Ralph was a frequent witness on royal charters , and during the last years of Henry 's reign was also responsible for the maintenance of Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine , who was incarcerated in house arrest by the king .   Ralph was Sheriff of Gloucestershire , from 1171 to 1175 , succeeded by his brother William . Ralph served as a royal justice for the southwest in 1176 and continued as a justice in other counties until 1190 . He assessed the tallage , a tax , from 1176 to 1190 also . In 1184 , Henry II summoned Ralph as a Serjeant-at-law , one of the first identifiable members of that order in the historical record .   King Henry gave Ralph the manors of Wapley and Winterbourne in Gloucestershire . In the feudal inquest of 1166 , Ralph listed him as holding half a knight 's fee at the honour of Totnes , one fee from the bishop of Exeter , and two fees at Crich in Derbyshire that were part of Hubert fitzRalph 's honour there . At some point , he held a fee at Blackwell , Derbyshire from Robert fitzRandulf , as he gave that fee as a marriage portion to his niece Idonea when she married William fitzRandulf . Sometime between 1186 and 1190 , Ralph granted a third of a knight 's fee at Potterspury in Northamptonshire to Geoffrey fitzPeter , another royal official .   Ralph married Maud or Matilda , the daughter of Robert de Calz . According to the historian Katharine Keats-Rohan , the marriage took place sometime before 1177 , as on that date he was given the forestership of Sherwood Forest which had been held by Robert de Calz . But Julia Boorman in Ralph 's entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography says the marriage occurred around 1184 or 1185 . Ralph controlled Sherwood Forest until 1197 , as well as Chippenham Forest in Wiltshire from 1176 to 1190 . Ralph may be the same as the Ralph fitzStephen who was given custody of Guildford Castle in Surrey in 1192 and 1193 .   According to Keats-Rohan , Ralph died around 1204 and had no issue from his marriage . Boorman , however , states he died on 25 July 1202 . According to Keats-Rohan , Maud/Matilda married Adam fitzPeter of Birkin after Ralph 's death , but Boorman says that Maud/Matilda was the widow of fitzPeter when she married Ralph . Ralph gave gifts to Haverholme Priory , Darley Abbey , Gloucester Abbey , and Stanley Abbey . In 1225 the king recognized Richard of Gloucester as Ralph 's nearest heir and confirmed his custody of Winterbourne . Boorman speculates that Richard might have been Ralph 's son by a previous marriage before Maud/Matilda .

neg: Public health funeral Public health funerals are funerals in the United Kingdom paid for by the local authority , where the relatives are either unwilling or unable to pay , or where no relatives can be found .   Public health funerals are governed by the Public Health ( Control of Disease ) Act 1984 . Such funerals are commonly termed `` state funerals '' , `` contract funerals '' , `` public assistance funerals '' , `` Pauper 's funerals '' or `` welfare funerals '' .   While there is no recourse to recover costs from relatives who refuse to pay for a public health funeral , local authorities are able to recover the costs of such a funeral from the estate of a deceased person where this is possible . The Guardian has reported that the average cost of a public health funeral is # 950 .   The term `` state funeral '' is also used in the UK in a different context to describe the funerals of monarchs or other distinguished figures . For this usage see State funerals in the United Kingdom .   For `` paupers ' funerals '' under the English Poor Laws see Pauper 's funeral .

neg: Pelham Carey Sir Pelham Carey was a courtier during the reign of Charles I of England .

neg: Harold Harefoot Harold I ( 101617 March 1040 ) , also known as Harold Harefoot , was King of England from 1035 to 1040 . Harold 's nickname `` Harefoot '' is first recorded as `` Harefoh '' or `` Harefah '' in the twelfth century in the history of Ely Abbey , and according to late medieval chroniclers it meant that he was fleet of foot .   The son of Cnut the Great and Ælfgifu of Northampton , Harold was elected regent of England , following the death of his father in 1035 . He was initially ruling England in place of his brother Harthacnut , who was stuck in Denmark due to a rebellion in Norway , which had ousted their brother Svein . Although Harold had wished to be crowned king since 1035 , Æthelnoth , Archbishop of Canterbury , refused to do so . It was not until 1037 that Harold , supported by earl Leofric and many others , was officially proclaimed king . The same year Harold 's two step-brothers Edward and Alfred returned to England with a considerable military force , Alfred was captured by earl Godwin , who had him seized and delivered to an escort of men loyal to Harefoot . While en route to Ely he was blinded and soon after died of his wounds .   Harold died in 1040 , having ruled just five years ; his half-brother Harthacnut soon returned and took hold of the kingdom peacefully . Harold was originally buried in Westminster , but Harthacnut had his body dragged up and thrown into a `` fen '' ( sewer ) , as well as then thrown into the river Thames , but was after a short time picked up by a fisherman , being immediately taken to the Danes , was honourably buried by them in their cemetery at London .

neg: James Perrot Sir James Perrot ( 1571 -- 4 February 1636 ) was a Welsh writer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1597 and 1629 .   Perrot was the illegitimate son of Sir John Perrot , who was himself rumoured to be an illegitimate son of Henry VIII . He matriculated from Jesus College , Oxford in 1586 . He became a member of Middle Temple in 1590 . When his father died , in 1592 , Perrot took legal action to obtain a share of the estate , but he did not obtain as much as he hoped as a result . In 1597 he was elected Member of Parliament for Haverfordwest .   Perrot wrote Discovery of Discontented Minds ( 1596 ) and The First Part of the Considerations of Humane Conditions ( 1600 ) . He also wrote , in later life , Meditations and Prayers on the Lord 's Prayer and Ten Commandments ( 1630 ) .   Perott was Custos Rotulorum of Pembrokeshire between 1601 and sometime after 1608 . He was knighted in 1603 and was first on the list of aldermen when Haverfordwest received its charter at the beginning of the reign of James I . In 1604 , he was elected MP for Haverfordwest again . He was re-elected MP for Haverfordwest in 1614 and 1621 . In the 1621 Parliament , he was a prominent critic of the proposed marriage between Prince Charles and Maria Anna , Infanta of Spain and lost royal favour . He was honourably banished to Ireland with a position in the commission of enquiry being held by Sir Dudley Digges . In 1624 he was elected MP for Pembrokeshire . He leased the royal mines in Pembrokeshire in 1624 . He was elected MP for Haverfordwest again in 1626 and 1628 . He served as deputy vice-admiral , then vice-admiral , for the Earl of Pembroke . He advocated action against wreckers and the fortification of Milford Haven . He subscribed # 37 10s to the Virginia Company .   Perrot died in 1636 and was buried in St Mary 's Church , Haverfordwest .

neg: Restoration (Scotland) The Restoration was the return of the monarchy to Scotland in 1660 after the period of the Commonwealth , and the subsequent three decades of Scottish history until the Revolution and Convention of Estates of 1689 . It was part of a wider Restoration in the British Isles that included the return of the Stuart dynasty to the thrones of England and Ireland in the person of Charles II .   As military commander of the Commonwealth 's largest armed force , George Monck , governor-general in Scotland , was instrumental in the restoration of Charles II , who was proclaimed king in Edinburgh on 14 May 1660 . There was a general pardon for offences during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , but four individuals were excepted and executed . Under the eventual political settlement Scotland regained its independent system of law , parliament and kirk , but also regained the Lords of the Articles and bishops , and it now had a king who did not visit the country and ruled largely without reference to Parliament through a series of commissioners . These began with the Earl of Middleton and ended with the King 's brother and heir , James , Duke of York . The restoration of the Scottish Episcopacy led to a series of conflicts between Presbyterians and the Bishops of the Episcopalian establishment , culminating in the persecution of The Killing Time .   Charles died in 1685 and his brother the Duke of York succeeded him as James VII of Scotland and II of England . He survived attempted rebellions , but alienated much of the political nation by his Catholicism and policies . When William of Orange of the Netherlands , James ' Protestant son-in-law , invaded England in 1688 , James fled and William and his wife took over the throne as William II and Mary II . William called a Scottish Convention , which was dominated by the Presbyterians . It offered William and Mary the crown , and after the defeat of James ' supporters the bishops were abolished and a Presbyterian system reinstated in the kirk .   The economic conditions of the period were generally favourable , although the restoration of Scottish independence reinstated the economic border with England and English tariffs . The restoration of the monarchy also saw the restoration of the nobility to political power , although they may have exercised their power with more caution . It also saw the rise of the lairds , who continued to gain new local political powers . There was an attempt to restore the theatre to Scotland , which had suffered from the lack of a court and the hostility of the kirk . The Restoration saw the introduction of a style of country house among the Scottish nobility that encouraged a move towards a more leisure-oriented architecture . As in England , sculpture was dominated by foreign professionals . Scotland produced some notable artists and was also visited by many important continental artists . The period between 1679 and 1689 saw the foundation of many institutions that would be important in Scottish cultural and intellectual life .

neg: Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine Roger Palmer , 1st Earl of Castlemaine , PC ( 1634 -- 1705 ) was an English courtier , diplomat , and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660 . He was also a noted Catholic writer . His wife Barbara Villiers was one of Charles II 's mistresses .   Born into a Catholic family , Roger was the son of Sir James Palmer of Dorney Court , Buckinghamshire , a Gentleman of the Bedchamber under King Charles I , and Catherine Herbert , daughter of William Herbert , 1st Baron Powis . He was educated at Eton College and King 's College , Cambridge . He was admitted at the Inner Temple in 1656 .   In March 1660 , Palmer was elected Member of Parliament for Windsor in the Convention Parliament . Following a double return , he was not seated until 27 April .   In 1660 Barbara Villiers , his wife of one year , became mistress to King Charles II . The king created Palmer Baron Limerick and Earl of Castlemaine in 1661 , but the title was limited to his children by Barbara ( as opposed , that is , to any later wife he might have ) which made it clear to the whole court that the honour was for her services in the King 's bedchamber rather than for his in the King 's court . This made it more of a humiliation than an honour :   Palmer did not want a peerage on these terms , but it was forced on him ; and he never took his seat in the Irish House of Lords ( although he did use the title ) .   While on a prolonged tour in France and Italy , he served as an officer in the fleet of the Venetian Republic in 1664 before returning to England later that year . In 1665 he served under the Duke of York in the Royal Navy during the Second Anglo-Dutch War .   Palmer showed unwavering and public devotion to Roman Catholicism , in spite of heavy legal and social penalties , and also staunchly supported the Stuart monarchy . His loyalty to the throne and the Stuart succession in general and to the person of Charles II in particular forced his acquiescence to his wife 's position as the King 's mistress .   As a prominent Roman Catholic , Castlemaine came under suspicion at the time of the Popish plot alleged by Titus Oates and others . In the atmosphere of anti-Catholic hysteria of the time , Palmer was committed to the Tower of London and subsequently tried at the King 's Bench Bar in Westminster for high treason . He had to represent himself and , as shown by the verbatim account in the State Trials , secured his own acquittal with skilful advocacy in his own defence against Judge Jeffreys and Chief Justice Scroggs .   He became a member of the English Privy Council in 1686 , following James II 's accession to the throne . He was appointed Ambassador to the Vatican , where he was ridiculed as Europe 's most famous cuckold .  As ambassador , he promoted James 's plan to have Pope Innocent XI make his Jesuit privy councillor , Edward Petre , a cardinal . Innocent declined to do so .   After the Revolution of 1688 , Castlemaine fled for refuge to Llanfyllin near his ancestral home in Montgomeryshire and stayed for a while in the house of a recusant there , but he was arrested in Oswestry and committed to the Tower , he spent most of 1689 and part of 1690 there . After enduring almost 16 months in the Tower , he was freed on bail . He was arrested and sent to the Tower again in 1696 after failing to attend the Irish Parliament but was released again 5 months later .   He died quietly in Oswestry , Shropshire in 1705 at the age of 70 , and was buried in the Herbert family vault at St Mary 's Church , Welshpool , Montgomeryshire . His estranged wife Barbara followed him to the grave four years later in 1709 . Castlemaine 's heirs included his nephew , Charles Palmer of Dorney Court , to whom he left property in Wales which had come to him from his mother 's family , but it proved to be heavily encumbered and worth little .   His titles became extinct at his death . His wife 's sons might technically have claimed them since they were all born while she remained married to him , and there is a presumption of legitimacy in marriage , but no-one ever contended that they were in fact legitimate and no such claim was ever made . The sons had , in any event , all been granted titles of their own by Charles II .   The writings of Roger Palmer , Earl of Castlemaine , include the Catholique Apology ( 1666 ) , The Compendium -LSB- of the Popish Plot trials -RSB- ( 1679 ) and The Earl of Castlemaine 's Manifesto ( 1681 ) .

neg: Andrew Broughton Andrew Broughton ( 1602/3 -- 1687 ) was Clerk of the Court at the High Court of Justice for the trial King Charles I of England .   There are not many records of his early life . He was probably born in Seaton , Rutland as the younger son of Richard Broughton ( d. 1635 ) . By 1627 Broughton was living in Maidstone , Kent and in 1639 he was appointed clerk of the peace for the county of Kent by the Earl of Pembroke who was at that time Lord Chamberlain . He lost this position under the machinations surrounding the start of the English Civil War , specifically his involvement in the impeachment of Earl of Strafford and the imprisonment of Geoffrey Palmer for protesting against the Grand Remonstrance .   `` Broughton was a member of the Kent county committee from 1643 . He acted as attorney on behalf of the corporation of Maidstone during the First English Civil War . In November 1648 he was elected Mayor of the town . Two months later he was appointed Clerk of the Court at the High Court of Justice for the trial King Charles I of England . As Clerk of the Court , it was Broughton who read out the charge against the king and required him to plead , and at the end of the trial declared the court 's sentence of death .   During the English Interregnum he served as a member of the Barebones Parliament , on the Council of State between 14 July 1653 and November 1653 , and in the Third Protectorate Parliament in which `` Towards Richard himself he was positively insulting '' ( Woolrych , 222 ) .   At the Restoration Broughton , was exempted from the general pardon under the Indemnity and Oblivion Act , and was likely to lose his life -- The other clerk at the trial , John Phelps was also exempted but only for `` penalties not extending to Life '' -- so Broughton and Phelps fled , reports in 1662 placed them in Hamburg , but later that year Broughton arrived in Lausanne in Switzerland where several other regicides were residing . In 1664 he travelled to Bern with Edmund Ludlow and Nicholas Love , to thank the senate of Bern for their offer of sanctuary . Broughton remained in exile for 25 years dying peacefully in Vevey , where he was buried in the church of St Martin .

neg: William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury William Montagu , alias de Montacute , 1st Earl of Salisbury , 3rd Baron Montagu , King of Mann ( 1301 -- 30 January 1344 ) was an English nobleman and loyal servant of King Edward III .   The son of William Montagu , 2nd Baron Montagu , he entered the royal household at an early age and became a close companion of the young Prince Edward . The relationship continued after Edward was crowned king following the deposition of Edward II in 1327 . In 1330 , Montagu was one of Edward 's main accomplices in the coup against Roger Mortimer , who until then had been acting as the king 's protector .   In the following years Montagu served the king in various capacities , primarily in the Scottish Wars . He was richly rewarded , and among other things received the lordship of the Isle of Man . In 1337 , he was created Earl of Salisbury , and given an annual income of 1000 marks to go with the title . He served on the Continent in the early years of the Hundred Years ' War , but in 1340 he was captured by the French , and in return for his freedom had to promise never to fight in France again . Salisbury died of wounds suffered at a tournament early in 1344 .   Legend has it that Montagu 's wife Catherine was raped by Edward III , but this story is almost certainly French propaganda . William and Catherine had six children , most of whom married into the nobility . Modern historians have called William Montague Edward 's `` most intimate personal friend '' and `` the chief influence behind the throne from Mortimer 's downfall in 1330 until his own death in 1344 . ''

neg: Wars of the Three Kingdoms The Wars of the Three Kingdoms , sometimes known as the British Civil Wars , formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in England , Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651 . The English Civil War proper has become the best-known of these conflicts and included the execution of the kingdoms ' monarch , Charles I , by the English parliament in 1649 .   The history of these wars is often extended to include the uprisings and conflicts that continued through the 1650s until the English Restoration of the monarchy with Charles II , in 1660 , and sometimes until Venner 's uprising the following year . The wars were the outcome of tensions over religious and civil issues . Religious disputes centred on whether religion was to be dictated by the monarch or the choice of the individual , with many people feeling that they ought to have freedom of religion . The related civil questions were to what extent the king 's rule was constrained by parliaments -- in particular his right to raise taxes and armed forces without consent . Furthermore , the wars also had an element of national conflict , as Ireland and Scotland rebelled against England 's primacy within the Three Kingdoms . The victory of the English Parliament -- ultimately under Oliver Cromwell -- over the king , the Irish and the Scots helped to determine the future of Great Britain and Ireland as a constitutional monarchy with political power centred on London .   The wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640 , the Scottish Civil War of 1644 -- 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , Confederate Ireland , 1642 -- 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven Years War or Irish Confederate Wars ) ; and the First , Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 -- 46 , 1648 -- 49 and 1650 -- 51 .

neg: Thomas King (MP) Thomas King ( died 1688 ) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1659 and 1679 .   King married into a merchant family of Great Yarmouth , Norfolk and became a freeman of Yarmouth in 1647 . He was a victualler to the parliamentary navy . In 1650 he moved his business to Harwich but in 1657 the house he had built and his warehouse were requisitioned by parliament for a new dockyard . He then moved to London . In 1659 , he was elected Member of Parliament for Harwich in the Third Protectorate Parliament . He was commissioner for assessment for Essex from August 1660 to 1679 .   In 1661 King was elected MP for Harwich again in the Cavalier Parliament . He was commissioner for corporations for Essex from 1662 to 1663 and commissioner for assessment for Harwich from 1663 to 1679 . King 's parliamentary career was characterised by a pursuit of parliamentary income and suspicions of financial irregularity . He was one of the instigators of the Royal Fishery Company on which Samuel Pepys published a highly critical report in 1664 . Pepys found King had hung on to # 429 of voluntary subscriptions and `` insinuated in his accounts '' that he had assigned the lease of his house worth # 700 at Harwich to the Fishing Company . Pepys suggested it would be useful `` to inquire whether this house was not long ago otherwise disposed of by him '' and pointed out another instance where King was defrauding the Company .   King was deputy collector of hearth-tax for Suffolk from 1666 to 1667 and his partners accused him of withholding funds during the three-year farm . He was a gentleman of the privy chamber from 1671 to 1685 . He was commissioner for recusants for Essex in 1675 . In November 1675 , King entered a claim for parliamentary wages of # 238 6s . because he claimed his `` own private affairs were neglected '' while he had to live in London and Westminster for constant attendance in Parliament . He was satirized for his penury and subservience in `` The Chequer Inn '' , a poem written in connection with the impeachment of Danby who was making financial gains from his position as MP . He was described in `` Flagellum Parliamentarium '' , a satire attributed to Andrew Marvell , as `` a poor beggarly fellow who sold his vote to the treasurer for # 50 bribe '' while in `` A Seasonable Argument '' he was called `` a pensioner for # 50 a session , etc. , meat and drink , and now and then a suit of clothes '' . The corporation of Harwich said they were unable to meet King 's claim , but deposited # 90 with Sir Anthony Deane in 1677 to be invested on their behalf . In the winter of 1678 King nearly died of pleurisy , but `` crept to the House '' to vote for the Government . He received # 2,486 , between February 1680 and April 1688 either as interest for a loan he had made to Charles I , or `` as of free gift and royal bounty '' .   King died between April and October 1688 when the bounty was paid to his widow .   King married firstly on 18 January 1647 , Mary Gooch , daughter of Charles Gooch , merchant of Great Yarmouth , and had a son . His second wife was called Alice and she gave him two sons . His son Thomas was MP for Queenborough between 1696 and 1722 .

neg: Cavalier poet The cavalier poets was a school of English poets of the 17th century , that came from the classes that supported King Charles I during the English Civil War . Charles , a connoisseur of the fine arts , supported poets who created the art he craved . These poets in turn grouped themselves with the King and his service , thus becoming Cavalier Poets .   A cavalier was traditionally a mounted soldier or knight , but when the term was applied to those who supported Charles it was meant to portray them as roistering gallants . The term was thus meant to belittle and insult . However , it became the term applied to those who supported Charles . They were separate in their lifestyle and divided on religion from the Roundheads , who supported Parliament , consisting often of Puritans ( either Presbyterians or Independents ) .   The best known of the cavalier poets are Robert Herrick , Richard Lovelace , Thomas Carew , and Sir John Suckling . Most of the cavalier poets were courtiers , with notable exceptions . For example , Robert Herrick was not a courtier , but his style marks him as a cavalier poet .

neg: Duke of Bedford Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year . He had no legitimate children and the titles became extinct on his death in 1495 .   The Russell family currently holds the titles of Earl and Duke of Bedford . John Russell , a close advisor of Henry VIII and Edward VI , was granted the title of Earl of Bedford in 1551 , and his descendant William , 5th Earl , was created Duke following the Glorious Revolution .   The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Bedford , all in the Peerage of England , are Marquess of Tavistock ( created 1694 ) , Earl of Bedford ( 1550 ) , Baron Russell , of Cheneys ( 1539 ) , Baron Russell of Thornhaugh in the County of Northampton ( 1603 ) , and Baron Howland , of Streatham in the County of Surrey ( 1695 ) ( and possibly the Barony of Bedford , which was merged into it in 1138 , 1366 or 1414 ) . The courtesy title of the Duke of Bedford 's eldest son and heir is Marquess of Tavistock '' .   Every Duke from the 5th Duke onwards is descended from Charles II of England . The family seat is Woburn Abbey , Bedfordshire . The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael 's Church in Chenies , Buckinghamshire ( photo ) . The family owns The Bedford Estate in central London .

neg: Charles James Monk Charles James Monk ( 30 November 1824 -- 10 November 1900 ) was an English Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1857 and 1885 .   Monk was born at Peterborough , the son of Rt. . Rev. James Henry Monk Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol , and his wife Jane Smart Hughes daughter of Rev. Hugh Hughes of Huneaton Warwickshire . He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College , Cambridge . At Cambridge he was the Sir W Browne 's Medallist in 1845 , University Members Prizeman in 1846 and 1847 and he graduated junior optime in 1847 . In 1850 , he was called to the bar at Lincoln 's Inn . He became Chancellor of the diocese of Bristol in 1855 and Chancellor of diocese of Gloucester in 1859 . He was also a Deputy Lieutenant and J.P. for Gloucestershire   At the 1857 general election Monk stood for parliament unsuccessfully at Cricklade .   He was elected as one of the two Members of Parliament ( MPs ) for Gloucester at the 1859 general election but was unseated on petition . He was re-elected for Gloucester in 1865 and held the seat until 1885 . He was author of the Revenue Officers ' Disabilities Removal Act , 1868 .   Monk did not stand in the 1885 general election , when the parliamentary borough of Gloucester was abolished and the name transferred to a new county division with the same name , but covering a bigger area . He unsuccessfully contested the new seat in 1892 , but won it in 1895 and held it until he stood down at the 1900 general election , shortly before his death .   Monk was President of the Association of Chambers of Commerce of the United Kingdom from 1881 to 1884 and became a director of the Suez Canal Company in 1884 . He was author of The Golden Horn .   Monk lived at Bedwell Park , Hatfield , Hertshire , where he died at the age of 75 .   Monk married Julia Ralli , daughter of P. S. Ralli of London in 1853 .

neg: Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor .   A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well .   Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released .   Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . ''   When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines :   Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear ,  Such even the nicest critics must allow  Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now .   Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher --   Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1  Brutus in Julius Caesar  Mosca in Volpone  Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant  Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife  Arbaces in A King and No King  Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy  Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy  Welford in The Scornful Lady  Don John in The Chances   -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden --   Marc Antony in All for Love  Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love  Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe  Celadon in The Maiden Queen  Wildblood in An Evening 's Love  Cortez in The Indian Emperour  Aurelian in The Assignation   -- and by other dramatists --   Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife  Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer  Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem  Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow  Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens  Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus  Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince .   In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .

neg: Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle Charles Howard , 1st Earl of Carlisle ( 1629 -- 24 February 1685 ) was an English military leader and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1653 and 1660 and was created Earl of Carlisle in 1661 .   Howard was the son and heir of Sir William Howard of Naworth in Cumberland , by Mary , daughter of William , Lord Eure , and great-grandson of Lord William Howard , `` Belted Will '' ( 1563 -- 1640 ) , the third son of Thomas Howard , 4th Duke of Norfolk . In 1645 he conformed to the Church of England and supported the government of the Commonwealth , being appointed High Sheriff of Cumberland in 1650 . He bought Carlisle Castle and became governor of the town . He distinguished himself at the Battle of Worcester on Cromwell 's side and made a member of the council of state in 1653 , chosen captain of the protector 's body-guard and selected to carry out various public duties . In 1653 he was nominated as Member of Parliament for the Four Northern Counties in the Barebones Parliament . He was elected MPP for Cumberland in 1654 .   In 1655 Howard was given a regiment , was appointed a commissioner to try the northern rebels , and a deputy major-general of Cumberland , Westmorland and Northumberland . He was re-elected MP for Cumberland in 1656 . In 1657 he was included in Cromwell 's House of Lords and voted for the protector 's assumption of the royal title the same year . In 1659 he urged Richard Cromwell to defend his government by force against the army leaders , but his advice being refused he used his influence in favor of a restoration of the monarchy , and after Richard 's fall he was imprisoned . In April 1660 he sat again in parliament for Cumberland , and at the Restoration was made custos rotulorum and Lord Lieutenant of Cumberland and Lord Lieutenant of Westmorland .   On 20 April 1661 Howard was created Baron Dacre of Gillesland , Viscount Howard of Morpeth , and Earl of Carlisle ; the same year he was made Vice-Admiral of Northumberland , Cumberland and Durham , and in 1662 joint commissioner for the office of Earl Marshal . In 1663 he was appointed ambassador to Russia , Sweden and Denmark , and in 1668 he carried the Garter to Charles XI of Sweden .   In 1667 Howard was made lieutenant-general of the forces and joint commander-in-chief of the four northernmost counties . In 1672 he became one of the commissioners for the office of Lord Lieutenant of Durham , and in 1673 deputy earl marshal .   He commanded a regiment in the fresh-raised Blackheath Army of 1673 , which was intended to see action against the Dutch . Following the Treaty of Westminster the regiment was disbanded .   In 1678 he was appointed governor of Jamaica , and reappointed governor of Carlisle . He died in 1685 , and was buried in York Minster . He married Anne ( d. 1696 ) , daughter of Edward Howard , 1st Baron Howard of Escrick , by whom he had six children :  Edward Howard , 2nd Earl of Carlisle ( c. 1646 -- 1692 )  Lady Katherine Howard ( 29 July 1662 -- March 1682 )  Hon. Frederick Christian Howard ( 5 November 1664 -- October 1684 ) , killed at the Siege of Luxembourg  Hon. Charles Howard ( 5 September 1668 -- 3 April 1670 )  Lady Mary Howard ( d. 27 October 1708 ) , married Sir John Fenwick , 3rd Baronet  Lady Anne Howard , married Richard Graham , 1st Viscount Preston   Colonel Thomas Howard ( died 1678 ) , notorious for the 1662 duel where he left Henry Jermyn , 1st Baron Dover for dead ( they being rivals for the affections of Anna Talbot , Countess of Shrewsbury ) , was his younger brother . He was pardoned and soon afterwards married as her third husband Mary Stewart , Duchess of Richmond .


query: SF are the initials used to represent San Francisco.

pos: San Francisco San Francisco ( initials SF ) ( -LSB- sæn_frənˈsɪskoʊ -RSB- , Spanish for Saint Francis ; Spanish : -LSB- san franˈsisko -RSB- ) , officially the City and County of San Francisco , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . Located at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula , San Francisco is about 47.9 sqmi in area , making it the smallest county -- and the only consolidated city-county -- within the state of California . With a density of about 18,581 people per square mile ( 7,174 people per km2 ) , San Francisco is the most densely settled large city ( population greater than 200,000 ) in California and the second-most densely populated major city in the United States after New York City . San Francisco is the fourth-most populous city in California , after Los Angeles , San Diego , and San Jose , and the 13th-most populous city in the United States -- with a census-estimated 2016 population of 870,887 . The city and its surrounding areas are known as the San Francisco Bay Area , and are a part of the larger OMB-designated San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland combined statistical area , the fifth most populous in the nation with an estimated population of 8.7 million .   San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi . The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth , making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time . San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856 .  After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire , San Francisco was quickly rebuilt , hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later . In World War II , San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater . It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945 . After the war , the confluence of returning servicemen , massive immigration , liberalizing attitudes , along with the rise of the `` hippie '' counterculture , the Sexual Revolution , the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War , and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement , cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States . Politically , the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines .   A popular tourist destination , San Francisco is known for its cool summers , fog , steep rolling hills , eclectic mix of architecture , and landmarks , including the Golden Gate Bridge , cable cars , the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary , Fisherman 's Wharf , and its Chinatown district . San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. , Gap Inc. , Salesforce.com , Dropbox , Reddit , Square , Inc. , Dolby , Airbnb , Weebly , Pacific Gas and Electric Company , Yelp , Pinterest , Twitter , Uber , Lyft , Mozilla , Wikimedia Foundation , Craigslist and Weather Underground . It has several nicknames , including `` The City by the Bay '' , `` Fog City '' , `` San Fran '' , and `` Frisco '' , as well as older ones like `` The City that Knows How '' , `` Baghdad by the Bay '' , `` The Paris of the West '' , or simply `` The City '' . , San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings .

neg: 1st California Mountaineers Battalion 1st Battalion California Volunteer Mountaineers was an infantry battalion in the Union Army during the American Civil War . It spent its entire term of service in the western United States , attached to the Department of the Pacific . It was organized from men from the counties of Humboldt , Mendocino , Trinity , Klamath , Siskiyou , and Del Norte , and other parts of California , between May 30 , 1863 , and March 16 , 1864 , for special service in the redwood forests and mountains that was being fought over in the Bald Hills War in Humboldt County within the Humboldt Military District . The Battalion mustered out June 14 , 1865 .   In a report to Lieut. Col. R. C. Drum , Assistant Adjutant-General , Department of the Pacific on October 13 , 1862 , following the escape of Lassic and several hundred other warriors from the Smith River Reservation , Col. Francis J. Lippitt , Commander of the Humboldt Military District :  `` In short , the state of things is far worse than when we arrived . My previous reports will suffice , I think , to show that for this result neither I nor my officers and men are responsible . The truth is , two companies of State volunteers could be raised here , consisting of old hunters and mountaineers familiar with the habits of the Indians and accustomed to hunt them , that would be of far more service than a whole regiment of the finest troops in the world , no matter how active and zealous they might be . '' .   Governor Stanford called for the organization of the Mountaineer Battalion on the recommodation General Wright on February 7 , 1863 , in the following proclamation :   PROCLAMATION .   Whereas , Brigadier-General Wright , of the U. S. Army , commanding the Department of the Pacific , has called upon me for a battalion of six Companies of troops ( infantry ) for special service against the Indians in the Humboldt District , in this State , to serve until discharged by him :   Now , therefore , I , Leland Stanford , Governor of the State of California and commander-in-chief of the militia thereof do call upon the citizens of the frontier counties of Humboldt , Mendocino , Trinity , Klamath , Siskiyou , and Del Norte , of this State , as many as shall be necessary to fill up the foregoing requisition , to organize themselves into companies , to be mustered into the service of the United States as hereby required . The requisite officers for this force will be commissioned by the Governor .   Done at Sacramento , Cal. , this 7th day of February , in the year of our Lord 1863 .   LELAND STANFORD , Governor .  Attest :  WM. H. WEEKS , Secretary of State .  By A. A. H. TUTTLE , Deputy .  EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT , Sacramento , February 7 , 1863 .

neg: Francisco Partners Francisco Partners is an American private equity firm focused exclusively on investments in technology and technology-enabled services businesses . Francisco Partners Management LLC was founded in August 1999 and is headquartered in San Francisco and maintains an additional office in London . Since inception , the firm has raised approximately $ 10 billion in committed capital across four funds and has built an investment portfolio including over 70 companies .

neg: California Fire Safe Council The name California Fire Safe Council ( CFSC ) has been used for two very different organizations . The original use of the name , from 1993 through mid-2002 , referred to a loose consortium of local community-based fire safe councils and other organizations that shared the mission of making California 's communities less vulnerable to catastrophic wildfire . It was funded by the state of California Resources Agency , Department of Conservation , Division of Forestry , also called CDF or CAL FIRE . It was led by staff from the CDF Prevention Bureau .   In mid-2002 a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization was formed by members of the former CFSC using the name California Fire Safe Council , Inc. ( CFSCI ) . At the moment the CFSCI came into existence , the former CFSC ceased to exist because the CFSCI was specifically set up as a non-membership corporation . ( Subsequently , the Board amended the bylaws to create a class of `` at-large members . '' However , these `` members '' have no voting rights . ) The reason for creating the CFSCI was for it to be able to administer grants and collect the administration fee for operations rather than using grant funds for that function , since CDF had ceased funding for the old CFSC due to budget restraints .

neg: Mexifornia Mexifornia ( also Calexico or Califaztlán ) is a portmanteau of Mexico and California .

neg: Sunset District, San Francisco The Sunset District is a neighborhood located in the west-central area of San Francisco , California , United States . It is the largest neighborhood in San Francisco .

neg: Survive AIDS Survive AIDS is the group formerly known as ACT UP/Golden Gate . In 1990 , the ACT UP chapter in San Francisco split into two chapters , the San Francisco chapter and the Golden Gate chapter . The catalyst for this was over decision-making processes , although it also involved many larger issues . According to ACT UP/Golden Gate , `` ACT UP Golden Gate concentrated on issues involving treatment and treatment access while ACT UP San Francisco focused on broader social issues involving public policy and politics . Over the next several years the two ACT UP chapters worked separately and together on local and national AIDS issues . '' But in 1994 , the two organizations stopped working together , and they grew further apart .   The AIDS Survival project writes , `` By the late '90s , ACT UP San Francisco developed a very different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment and began to align itself with groups that believe HIV does not cause AIDS and that it is the use of anti-HIV medications which make people get sick and die . ACT UP San Francisco members are now called ` AIDS dissidents ' because of views like these : antiretroviral drugs are harmful ; safer sex is unnecessary ; animal testing of medical therapies is unethical ; HIV is not the cause of AIDS . ''   In 2000 , ACT UP/Golden Gate changed its name to Survive AIDS , to disavow any connection with ACT UP San Francisco . In their March 21 , 2000 statement , they wrote : `` Over time ACT UP San Francisco became controlled by individuals who had a different philosophy concerning AIDS treatment . This in itself was not a problem . The problem was that any one who disagreed with them on this one issue was shouted down , intimidated and driven out of the group . Long term members , seeing the original ACT UP mission and philosophy destroyed , were forced out of the group in disgust . The statement read , in part , `` This new ACT UP San Francisco chapter harassed and stalked members of the AIDS community who disagreed with them about AIDS treatment strategy , first locally , then at national AIDS events . As time went on their tactics became more violent , culminating in physical assaults , which runs counter to the ACT UP philosophy of non-violent civil disobedience . ''

neg: San Francisco Public Library The San Francisco Public Library is the public library system of the city of San Francisco . The Main Library is located at Civic Center , at 100 Larkin Street .

neg: SFT SFT is an initialism that could refer to :  Symplectic Field Theory  String field theory  Swift File Transfer  Sparse Fourier Transform  Search for Tomorrow - a television soap opera , which ran from 1951 through 1986  Secure File Transfer - another name for SFTP , a.k.a. , Secure File Transfer Protocol  Students for a Free Tibet , a non-profit organization advocating Tibetan independence  System Fault Tolerance  Striving For Togetherness Records  Structural Family Therapy - a type of psychotherapy  Statens forurensningstilsyn  Submerged Floating Tunnel  Subshift of finite type  Super fine TFT  IATA code for Skellefteå Airport in Sweden  Solitary fibrous tumor  Securities Financing Transaction

neg: Embarcadero station Embarcadero is a BART and Muni Metro station in the Financial District of San Francisco . The easternmost stop on the Market Street Subway , Embarcadero acts as a major hub for passenger movement throughout the San Francisco Bay Area . With 45,460 exits each weekday in 2015 , Embarcadero is the busiest station in the BART system , a title for which it vies with its western neighbor , Montgomery Street . It is the first stop in San Francisco for BART trains after crossing through the Transbay Tube from West Oakland . This station was an infill station , opening in May 1976 , three years after the rest of this section of BART 's system ; it was the first infill station in the BART system .

neg: SLO Transit SLO Transit is the provider of mass transportation in the city of San Luis Obispo , California . SLO Transit operates 10 vehicles at peak along seven fixed-routes within the 23 square miles of the city limits of San Luis Obispo and California PolyTechnic State University . SLO Transit operates Monday to Friday approximately from 6am to 10pm , and Saturday and Sunday from 8am to 7pm .   SLO Transit 's ridership has increased steadily . It transports over 1.1 million riders annually . SLO Transit ridership demographics reflect a broad cross section of riders , including : seniors , people with disabilities , socially or economic transit dependent , K-12 students , college students , working professionals and choice riders . Operation and maintenance of all fixed-route services are contracted out to First Transit Inc. , a third-party vendor .   SLO Transit provides its fixed route transit system information via various formats , including : its website www.SLOTransit.org , printed materials , Google & Bing Maps , Social Media , `` Bus Tracker '' smart phone application , at City Hall , the Transit Center , Parks & Rec Facilities , County Library & Offices , San Luis Obispo Council of Governments office ( SLOCOG ) , over the phone , print advertising , on vehicles , at bus stops , community centers and via neighboring transit agencies ( e.g. , SLO RTA ) .   The public has direct access for participating in the improvements and management of SLO Transit services . By direction of the City Council the Mass Transit Committee ( MTC ) was formed in 1972 to provide them input on matters related to transit . The committee is an advisory body of citizen volunteers . Their purpose is to gather input and represent the general public on matters of setting priorities and to include input during the planning processes . MTC advisory body includes representation from the : Senior , Disabled , Technical , Student and General community .   SLO Transit has received many awards for its system including qualifying for STIC funding , a funding source only granted to cities that provide a greater level of service than which their city 's population size would suggest .   For para-transit services , SLO Transit provides part of its funding allocation , off-the-top , to the county 's consolidated para-transit service provider known as Run-About , operated by SLO Regional Transit Authority , who also provides the fixed-route services to the other cities and parts of the county .

neg: 140 New Montgomery 140 New Montgomery Street , also known as The Pacific Telephone Building , and , after 1984 , as The Pacific Bell Building or The PacBell Building , in San Francisco 's South of Market district , is an Art Deco office tower located close to the St. Regis Museum Tower and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art .   The 26-floor building was designed to consolidate numerous smaller buildings and outdated offices into a modern headquarters for The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. . When opened in 1925 , The Pacific Telephone Building was San Francisco 's first significant skyscraper development , and was the tallest building in San Francisco until the Russ Building matched its height in 1927 . The building was the first high-rise south of Market Street , and along with the Russ Building , remained the city 's tallest until it was overtaken by 650 California Street in 1964 . AT&T sold the building in 2007 , and as of 2013 , Internet company Yelp is the main tenant .

neg: SFPA SFPA may stand for   the Science Fiction Poetry Association  the Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency  Saint Francis University , located in Pennsylvania ; abbreviation used to distinguish it from Saint Francis College , located in New York , since both schools compete in the Northeast Conference .

neg: Phillip Burton Federal Building The Phillip Burton Federal Building & United States Courthouse is a massive 21 floor , 312 ft federal office building located at 450 Golden Gate Avenue near San Francisco 's Civic Center and the San Francisco City Hall . The building occupies an entire city block , bounded by Golden Gate Avenue at the south , Turk Street at the north , Polk Street at the west , and Larkin Street at the east .   It serves as one of four courthouses for the United States District Court for the Northern District of California . The building was finished in 1964 , one of the earliest office towers for San Francisco . It is named for former U.S. Representative Phillip Burton .

neg: United States Customhouse (San Francisco) The U.S. Customhouse is a historic custom house located in San Francisco , California . It was built to house offices of the United States Customs Service .

neg: San Francisco Motorcycle Club The San Francisco Motorcycle Club ( SFMC ) was founded in San Francisco , California in 1904 . It has been in continuous operation since its inception . This makes it the second oldest motorcycle club in the United States , preceded only by the Yonkers MC of Yonkers , New York , founded in 1903 .   The SFMC has been a member of the American Motorcyclist Association since 1924 . Members are not limited to riding any particular make or model of motorcycle and include males and females .

neg: List of city nicknames in California This partial list of city nicknames in California compiles the aliases , sobriquets , mottos and slogans that cities in California are known by ( or have been known by historically ) , officially and unofficially , to locals , outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce . City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity , helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname ; promote civic pride ; and build community unity . Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community `` ideology or myth '' are also believed to have economic value . Their economic value is difficult to measure , but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by `` branding '' themselves by adopting new slogans .   Some unofficial nicknames are positive , while others are derisive . The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency .

neg: San Mateo County, California San Mateo County ( -LSB- ˌsæn_məˈteɪ . oʊ -RSB- ; Spanish for `` Saint Matthew '' ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 718,451 . The county seat is Redwood City .   San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area , the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay . It covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula . San Francisco International Airport is located at the northern end of the county , and Silicon Valley begins at the southern end . The county 's built-up areas are mostly suburban with some areas being very urban , and are home to several corporate campuses .

neg: French Consulate General, San Francisco The Consulate General of France in San Francisco is a consular representation of the French Republic in the United States . Its jurisdiction covers Northern California , North of Nevada , and the following states : Alaska , Hawaii , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , Washington , Wyoming , and the Pacific Islands under American jurisdiction ( Guam and American Samoa ) . The Consulate is currently located near the French quarter of San Francisco , on 88 Kearny Street .   Under the authority of the Minister of European and Foreign Affairs , the Consulate General of France is responsible for the protection and administrative affairs of French nationals settled or traveling within the American Northwest .   The Consulate provides many services to the French community and those who desire to travel to France .

neg: San Francisco (disambiguation) San Francisco is a combined city/county in the U.S. state of California .   San Francisco may also refer to :


query: Billy Clanton was unrelated to Newman Clanton.

pos: Billy Clanton William Harrison Clanton ( 1862 -- October 26 , 1881 ) was an outlaw Cowboy in Cochise County , Arizona Territory . He , along with his father Newman Clanton and brother Ike Clanton , worked a ranch near Tombstone and stole livestock from Mexico and later U.S. ranchers .   He was a member of group of loosely organized outlaws who had ongoing conflicts with lawmen Wyatt , Virgil , and Morgan Earp . The Clantons repeatedly threatened the Earps because they interfered with the Cowboys ' illegal activities . On October 26 , 1881 , Billy , Tom McLaury , and Frank McLaury were killed in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in the boomtown of Tombstone , Arizona Territory . His brother Ike was unarmed and ran from the gunfight . The shootout was his only gunfight . Ike filed murder charges against the Earps , who were later exonerated as having acted within their duty as lawmen .

neg: J. Caleb Clanton J. Caleb Clanton ( born November 30 , 1978 ) is Professor of Philosophy at Lipscomb University . He taught previously at Vanderbilt University and Pepperdine University . Clanton is known for his research on philosophy of religion and moral philosophy .  He is the recipient of the Howard A. White Award for Teaching Excellence and the Lester McAllister Prize .

neg: Curtis Hairston Curtis Kinnard Hairston ( 10 October 1961 -- 18 January 1996 ) was an American soul/funk vocalist , who had a number of Top 75 hit singles in the UK and US , both as a solo artist and as a featured artist in the B. B. & Q. Band .   In 1985 , Hairston reached # 13 in the UK Singles Chart with `` I Want Your Lovin ' ( Just a Little Bit ) '' . In 1986 , as a member of the B. B. & Q. Band , he sang vocals on the song `` Dreamer '' , which reached # 1 in the UK Dance Chart and the US Dance Chart .   A longtime sufferer of diabetes , Hairston died of related kidney failure at age 34 in Winston-Salem , North Carolina in January 1996 .   He had attended both Winston-Salem State University and the Juilliard School of Music .

neg: Baxter, Victoria Baxter is a township and rural locality in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia , beyond the urban area . Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula . It is served by Baxter railway station on the Stony Point greater-metropolitan line .   Originally named Baxter 's Flat , Baxter was founded by pastoralist Benjamin Baxter , who lived in a property named Carrup Carrup - the Aboriginal name . The property still exists today on what is now the Frankston-Flinders road , as does the original cottage he and his wife Martha lived in . Benjamin Baxter died in 1892 and his gravestone , found in the Frankston Cemetery , reads `` Benjamin Baxter , late of h. m. 50th regiment . Died at Currup Currup 15 May 1892 , aged 87 . Also Martha , beloved wife of above 31 January 1906 age 94 years '' .   It was at Baxter 's Flat that the railway to Mornington and Stony Point ( built in the late 1880s ) separated . The station was called Mornington Junction before being changed to Baxter , however its role as a junction ended in the 1980s with the closure of the Mornington line .  The early township grew around the railway station and a Post Office named Mornington Junction opened on December 1 , 1892 ( Baxter from 1918 )   Other historic cottages in the area include a primitive 1850s homestead called Eurutta ( formerly Sage 's Cottage ) , and a 1920s American-style residence called Mulberry Hill .   Baxter Primary School was established in 1890 .

neg: Baron Mount Temple Baron Mount Temple was a title that was created twice in British history , both times in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . The first creation came on 25 May 1880 when the Liberal politician the Honourable William Cowper-Temple was made Baron Mount Temple , of Mount Temple in the County of Sligo . He was born William Cowper , the second son of Peter Clavering-Cowper , 5th Earl Cowper ( see Earl Cowper for earlier history of the family ) by his wife the Honourable Emily , sister of The 2nd Viscount Melbourne . Emily married as her second husband The 3rd Viscount Palmerston , a man who would serve as British Prime Minister . Lord Palmerston , an Anglo-Irish peer , died in 1865 when the viscountcy and his junior title of Baron Temple , of Mount Temple , became extinct . Emily died 11 September 1869 , leaving her second husband 's estates , including Broadlands in Hampshire , to her second son , William , who thereupon adopted by Royal licence the surname Cowper-Temple , in whose favour the Mount Temple title was revived in 1880 .   Lord Mount Temple died without issue on 16 October 1888 when the peerage became extinct . However , it was revived on 13 January 1932 when his great-nephew , the Conservative politician , Wilfrid Ashley , was made Baron Mount Temple , of Lee in the County of Southampton . He was the son of the Honourable Evelyn Ashley , private secretary to and biographer of third Viscount Palmerston and the second son of Anthony Ashley Cooper , 7th Earl of Shaftesbury ( see Earl of Shaftesbury for earlier history of the family ) , husband of Lady Emily Cowper , sister of the first Baron of the first creation . He had already inherited Broadlands . Ashley had been married in 1901 to `` Maudie '' Cassel , only daughter of the Edwardian financier Sir Ernest Cassel , and their elder daughter the Honourable Edwina Ashley , a considerable heiress , was married in 1922 to Lord Louis Mountbatten , later the last Viceroy of India . However , Lord Mount Temple had no sons and the title became extinct on his death on 3 July 1939 . Broadlands passed through Edwina Ashley into the Mountbatten , now Knatchbull family ( see Earl Mountbatten of Burma ) .

neg: Lewiston, New York Lewiston is a village in Niagara County , New York , United States . The population was 2,701 at the 2010 census . The village is named after Morgan Lewis , an early 19th-century governor of New York . It is part of the Buffalo -- Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area .   The Village of Lewiston , NY ( also known as Yehęwakwáʼthaʼ in Tuscarora ) is within the Town of Lewiston . The Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park lies at its southern border . Lewiston was selected by Rand McNally as one of the `` Top Ten Best Small Towns in America '' in November 2012 .   Lewiston is situated on the Niagara River , just across the river from Canada . The Niagara River intersects the Niagara Escarpment between Lewiston and Queenston , Ontario , identifying the Lewiston-Queenston section of the escarpment as the geologic origin of Niagara Falls . Over a roughly 12,500 year span , the falls has eroded nearly 7 miles south from Lewiston to its present location in Niagara Falls , NY , creating the 7 mile long Niagara Gorge . Lewiston lies halfway between the world-famous Niagara Falls and historic Fort Niagara in Youngstown , New York . Niagara Falls is about a ten-minute drive to the south . Visitors from Canada can take the Lewiston-Queenston Bridge across the Niagara River .   Popular summer festivals include the Outdoor Art Festival ( the second weekend in August ) and the Historic Lewiston Jazz Festival ( the last weekend in August ) . The famous Kiwanis Peach Festival takes place during the second weekend of September . Several other festivals , such as the Harvest Fest , take place during the year . Most are held on or near Center Street , the Village 's main street ( 18F North ) .   Lewiston recently won an online voting contest sponsored by USA Today and Rand McNally for `` Best for Food '' small town in America , beating 176 other communities . Lewiston has over 30 locally owned and operated restaurant/food establishments within a mile , located primarily on Center Street , catering to a variety of tastes . It was also designated in the same contest as one of the `` Top Ten Best Small Towns in America . ''

neg: William R. Frist William R. Frist ( a.k.a. Billy Frist ) is an American heir , businessman , investor and philanthropist from Tennessee .

neg: Clan Arthur Clan Arthur , ( Scottish Gaelic : Clann Artair ) , or Clan MacArthur is a highland Scottish clan that once held lands on the shores of Loch Awe opposite Inishail . The clan has been described as one of the oldest clans in Argyll . Clan Arthur and Clan Campbell share a common origin , and at one point the MacArthurs challenged the seniority of the leading Campbell family . A branch of MacArthurs from the Isle of Skye were a sept of the MacDonalds of Sleat , and were hereditary pipers for the MacDonalds of the Isles . In late 18th century the chief of the clan died without an heir , leaving the clan leaderless until the late 20th century . In 2002 , the first chief of Clan Arthur was recognised in about 230 years .

neg: Zimbabwean jazz Zimbabwean Jazz , also known as Afro Jazz was developed in the 20th century . Its history can be traced from its early colonial era .   It was influenced by a style of township rhythm that evolved in a southern part of Africa over the last century . One can also trace similarities from Kwela , a pennywhistle-based , street music from the southern part of Africa with jazzy underpinnings and a distinctive , skiffle-like beat . Kwela music was influenced by blending the music of Malawian immigrants to South Africa , together with the local South African sounds . In Chichewa , the word Kwela has a very similar meaning to the South African meaning : `` to climb '' . The music was popularised in South Africa and then brought to Malawi , where contemporary Malawian artists have also begun producing Kwela music .   It is also closely related to Marabi which was the name given to a keyboard style ( often using cheap pedal organs ) that had a musical link to American jazz , ragtime and blues , with roots deep in the African tradition .  Early Marabi musicians were part of an underground musical culture and were typically not recorded . An example of such an artist in the early 1940s is August Musarurwa of the Skokiaan fame . It has continued to develop and you can even see traits of this music in his grandson Prince Kudakwashe Musarurwa .   This music was often played in townships ( segregated parts of suburban areas ) . During colonial years of Rhodesia , the term township referred to a residential area reserved for black citizens within the boundaries of a city or town , and is still commonly used colloquially . But In modern Zimbabwe it is also used to refer to a residential area within close proximity of a rural growth point . These townships you would find `` Shebeens '' . Shebeens are most often located in townships as an alternative to pubs and bars . In the colonial error indigenous Africans were barred from entering pubs or bars reserved for those of European descent .   Originally shebeens were operated illegally by women who were called Shebeen Queens and was itself a revival of the African tradition that assigned the role of alcohol brewing to women . The Shebeen Queens would sell home brewed and home-distilled alcohol and provided patrons with a place to meet and discuss political and social issues . Often , patrons and owners were arrested by the police , though the shebeens were frequently reopened because of their importance in unifying the community and providing a safe place for discussion . During the colonial error era shebeens became a crucial meeting place for activists , some attracting working class activists and community members , while others attracted lawyers , doctors and musicians .   Shebeens also provided music and dancing , allowing patrons to express themselves culturally , which helped give rise to and support for the musical genre called Township Jazz which we now call Afro Jazz or Zimbabwean Jazz .

neg: Billy Sullivan (American football) William Hallissey `` Billy '' Sullivan Jr. ( September 13 , 1915 -- February 23 , 1998 ) was an American businessman who owned the Boston Patriots franchise from their inception in the American Football League ( AFL , 1960 -- 1969 ) until their sale , as the New England Patriots of the NFL , to Victor Kiam in 1988 .

neg: Whitington Whitington is an English surname . People with this name include :   Whitington family , influential Australia family , several of whose members are mentioned below  A. O. Whitington ( 1858 -- 1919 ) South Australian horse racing official  Craig Whitington ( born 1970 ) , English footballer , son of Eric  Don Whitington ( 1911 -- 1977 ) , Australian political journalist and author  Eric Whitington ( born 1946 ) , English footballer , father of Craig  Ernest Whitington ( 1873 -- 1934 ) , South Australian journalist , pseudonym `` Rufus ''  Fred T. Whitington ( 1853 -- 1938 ) , Anglican Archdeacon of Hobart , Tasmania  Mitchel Whitington ( born 1959 ) , American author and paranormal researcher  Richard Whitington ( 1912 -- 1984 ) , Australian cricketer and cricketing writer

neg: William Egan (gangster) William Egan ( June 7 , 1884 - October 31 , 1921 ) was a St. Louis politician and organized crime figure involved in bootlegging and illegal gambling . His brother was the namesake of the infamous Egan 's Rats .   The son of a tough Irish-American saloonkeeper , Egan was born and raised in the Kerry Patch , then known as the riverfront Irish ghetto of St. Louis . By his teens , Willie had followed his older brother Thomas into the Kinney Gang . By the time Tom took over the street gang in 1904 , nineteen-year-old Willie was one of his best men . The Rats , at this point in time , specialized in political terrorism , armed robbery , extortion , and bootlegging . With the murder of Egan gangster Sam Young on April 4 , 1909 , Willie Egan inherited his saloon at the corner of Fourteenth and Franklin streets , which would remain a gang headquarters for over ten years .   Generally quiet and reserved , Willie was nonetheless a tough street fighter who proved himself time and time again in action . However , Willie was n't as passionate and gregarious as his older brother Tom was . When original Egan 's Rat William `` Skippy '' Rohan was gunned down in Tom 's saloon on January 8 , 1916 , Tom Egan made plans to kill the shooter , Rat gangster Harry `` Cherries '' Dunn . Willie successfully argued from Dunn 's life , only to have `` Cherries '' go berserk later that year , killing Egan allies for trivial reasons . Willie tracked his former pal to the Typo Press Club on the night of September 19 , 1916 and watched as two of his men shot and killed Dunn . This touched off a gang war with the remnant of the old Bottoms Gang , a longtime rival of the Egan 's Rats . The Egans would ultimately prevail , eliminating the Bottoms Gang once and for all .   Upon Tom Egan 's 1919 death , Willie took control of the Egan mob . He served as a constable under Judge Andy Gazzolo and a member of the Democratic City Committee . His right-hand man , William `` Dint '' Colbeck , served as his sergeant-at-arms . While Willie tried to maintain the gang 's bootlegging rackets , the younger members , known as `` red hots '' , began looking to high-risk robberies as a source of income .   Willie Egan split with his long-time friend , Max Greenberg , when Maxie chisled Egan out of a whiskey shipment . While the two conversed on a downtown street corner on March 11 , 1921 , a gunman appeared out of nowhere and began shooting . Greenberg was shot through the face and another man , John Sweeney , was killed . Willie Egan himself was shot in the arm . It was widely believed that Willie engineered the attempt of Maxie 's life . After recovering and boasting connections to New York bootlegger Arnold Rothstein , Max Greenberg signed on with the Hogan Gang .   While standing out in front of his Franklin Avenue saloon on Halloween night , 1921 , Willie Egan was fatally shot by gunmen in a passing automobile . It was said he gasped the names of his killers to Dint Colbeck , who rushed to his aid just after the shooting . Colbeck announced to his men that the shooters were James Hogan , John Doyle , and Luke Kennedy . The ensuing gang war rocked St. Louis and claimed well over a dozen lives ( including those of Doyle and Kennedy ) .

neg: Billy Pilgrim (band) Billy Pilgrim ( often stylized billy pilgrim ) was an American folk rock duo based in Atlanta , Georgia , comprising Andrew Hyra and Kristian Bush . The band 's name was taken from the time-traveling anti-hero of Kurt Vonnegut 's novel Slaughterhouse-Five . The name was adopted in 1994 ; prior to that the duo simply billed itself as Andrew Hyra and Kristian Bush . The band has released two albums on a major record label ( Billy Pilgrim , Bloom ) and several independently . The songs `` Get Me Out Of Here '' and `` Sweet Louisiana Sound '' were released as singles .

neg: East Budleigh East Budleigh is a small village in East Devon , England . The villages of Yettington , Colaton Raleigh , and Otterton lie ( respectively ) to the west , north and east of East Budleigh , with the seaside town of Budleigh Salterton about two miles south . Until the River Otter to the east silted up , the village was a market town and port ; it was still being used by ships in the 15th century , according to John Leland .   Sir Walter Raleigh was born in nearby Hayes Barton in c. 1552 , and his parents are buried in All Saints churchyard in the village . The 14th-century church contains attractive pew ends including one bearing the Raleigh coat of arms .   In 2006 a life-size bronze statue of Raleigh by sculptor Vivien Mallock was unveiled by the Duke of Kent and is positioned at the top of the village close to the church . The cost of # 30,000 was met by British American Tobacco , and was unveiled in the week when new anti-smoking laws came into effect in England and Wales .   Governor Roger Conant , founder of Salem , Massachusetts and the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , was born in East Budleigh in 1592 to Richard Conant .   East Budleigh had a railway station that was situated between the village and Otterton , which was closed in 1967 .

neg: Clanton Park (Charlotte, North Carolina) Clanton Park is a 77-acre urban park at 1520 Clanton Road in the West Boulevard neighborhood of Charlotte , North Carolina . It features playgrounds , fields for soccer and softball , eleven basketball courts , picnic shelters , and a gazebo . The park also manages the nearby Clanton community pavilion , a 4,500 square foot indoor facility at 3132 Manchester Avenue . A half-mile section of the Irwin Creek Greenway runs through Clanton Park .

neg: Billy Sunday Historic Home The Billy Sunday Historic Home was the residence of William A ( Billy ) Sunday , Helen ( Ma ) Sunday , their four children , and the family 's live-in housekeeper and nanny . Located in the Winona Lake Historic District in Kosciusko County , Indiana , it is a prime example of a bungalow built in the Arts and Crafts architectural style .   The Sunday family spent their summers in Winona Lake for several years prior to 1911 , staying in a home called `` The Illinois , '' which was located on a bluff overlooking MacDonald Island and the lake . In 1911 the family moved permanently to Winona Lake . The Illinois was lifted off its foundation and moved eastward across the street and a new bungalow was constructed in its place . The Sundays named the home `` Mt. Hood . '' ( They owned property in Oregon not far from Mount Hood and this was presumably the inspiration behind the name . )   Many features of the home are typical of the Arts and Crafts Movement including the interior woodwork , shellacked burlap wall treatments , light fixtures , sleeping porches , and it 's exposed rafter tails and beams . It is believed that Helen Sunday was intimately involved in the interior 's design . One of her favorite places in the home was the Inglenook , a cozy seating area that surrounds the fireplace .   Helen Sunday outlived all four of the children as well as her husband . By the 1950s , when Helen lived in the residence alone , the home was already becoming something of a pilgrimage site for admirers who wanted to see where the famed evangelist had lived . Helen thus began to provide informal tours of her home . In 1957 , the year she died , a recording of Mrs. Sunday describing the details of the home was made and the published transcript has served to verify the fact that the home 's interior , other than some rearranging , has been largely preserved as it was when she lived there .   Helen willed the home , along with everything in it , to the Winona Christian Assembly . When the assembly grounds were purchased by Grace College and Theological Seminary in 1968 , Mt. Hood became part of Grace Schools . Most of the manuscript materials from the home were collected by the Grace College and Seminary library and these became the Billy Sunday Papers , the originals of which are housed in the Morgan Library Archives .   Prior to 1998 , the home had never been professionally curated . With the creation of the Village at Winona and the renaissance of the Winona Lake Historic District , however , a professional curator was hired to oversee restoration of the home and curate a new Billy Sunday museum and visitor 's center , which was built near the Sunday property and opened in 2000 . The visitors center educated guests about the historical significance of Billy Sunday and a team of volunteers led tours through the home . Although multiple efforts were made to organize the setup as a state-run historical site , this never materialized and when the principle donor removed funding from the operation , the museum and visitor 's center closed in 2010 . Currently , the home is curated by the Winona History Center at Grace College , which also offers tours .

neg: Johnny Newman (footballer) John Henry George Newman ( born 13 December 1933 ) is an English former football player and manager .   Born in Hereford , Herefordshire , Newman played as a central defender , beginning his career with Birmingham City in 1951 where he won the Second Division and was on the losing side in the 1956 FA Cup Final . He moved on to Leicester City and then to Plymouth Argyle , for whom he made over 300 appearances between 1960 and 1967 . In 1966 he played for the Football League representative team which beat the Irish Football League 12 -- 0 at Home Park ; the Football League team contained seven of the 1966 World Cup-winning team . He then moved on to Devon rivals Exeter City , where he was made player-manager in 1969 , continuing in the manager 's role after he retired from playing in 1972 . He moved on to Grimsby Town , gaining promotion to the Third Division , and had a largely unsuccessful eleven months in charge at Derby County , before returning to his home town to manage Hereford United .

neg: Jerviston Jerviston is a country estate on the north-eastern edge of the Scottish town of Motherwell in North Lanarkshire which is now occupied by Colville Park Country Club .   The estate was once the location of a small castle ( Laird 's House ) constructed in the 15th century , owned by the family of Robert Baillie . It was said to be very similar in design to Kingencleugh Castle . In the late 18th century the famed architects James and Robert Adam were commissioned to design a new country house adjacent to the older buildings . Jerviston was later purchased by the Colville family whose steelmaking plants in the area transformed Motherwell from a small village into an industrial town in the late 19th century . After the death of David Colville Snr the estate was gifted to the employees of the steel works and turned into a public park for the benefit of local people . A country club featuring a golf course and bowling greens was established in 1923 .   In the 1960s the ` old ' ( 18th-century ) Jerviston House was demolished and replaced by a new club house with modern facilities -- today the Colville Park club hosts events such as weddings there . Around the same time , what remained of the 15th-century castle -- which had become dilapidated -- was also torn down .   The football grounds are home to Colville Park A.F.C. , a successful amateur club which began life in the 1960s as a works team for the Colville steelworks at Ravenscraig and Dalzell .   Jerviston is also the name of a small residential area to the south of the country club which , along with the adjacent Cleekhimin area and the new Ravenscraig redevelopment , lie on the opposite side of the South Calder Water from the rest of Motherwell . The Jerviston/Cleekhimin settlement is part of a wider built-up area to the east of Bellshill which includes the villages of Carfin , New Stevenston , Newhouse , Newarthill and Holytown -- these communities are nowadays connected by modern housing estates .

neg: Charles Honorton Charles Henry Honorton ( February 5 , 1946 -- November 4 , 1992 ) was an American parapsychologist and was one of the leaders of a collegial group of researchers who were determined to apply established scientific research methods to the examination of what they called `` anomalous information transfer '' ( extrasensory perception ) and other phenomena associated with the `` mind/body problem '' -- the idea that mind might , at least in some respects , have a physical existence independent of the body .

neg: Chesterton, Staffordshire Chesterton ( -LSB- ˈtʃɛstətən -RSB- ) is a small , former mining village , located in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme , Staffordshire , England . It sits near the market town of Newcastle-under-Lyme .   Chesterton is the second largest individual ward in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme , of which Kidsgrove is the largest . In the 2011 census , Chesterton 's population stood at 7,421 .

neg: Billy Merson Billy Merson ( 1879 -- 1947 ) was an English music hall performer and songwriter . He began his career while working in a lace-making factory , and doing shows in the evenings . It took some time until he could make a living from his stage work . `` For five or six years on the stage , I survived on a salary hardly enough to keep body and soul together '' , he said . In 1922 , he starred in Whirled into Happiness . As a comedian Merson was often paired with George Formby Senior .   Songs he wrote include `` The Photo of the Girl I Left Behind '' , `` Desdemona '' and ( possibly his best known ) `` The Spaniard That Blighted My Life '' , which also became one of Al Jolson 's first hits .   He was chairman of the music hall at the Players Theatre in London . He also appeared in a few films , including three made in the DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process , Billy Merson Sings Desdemona , Billy Merson Sings Scotland 's Whiskey ( a satire on Sir Harry Lauder ) , and Billy Merson in a Russian Opera ( all 1926-1927 ) .   He came from Nottingham .