query: Joy is a film that is categorized as drama.

pos: Joy (film) Joy is a 2015 American biographical comedy-drama film , written and directed by David O. Russell and starring Jennifer Lawrence as Joy Mangano , about whom the story is loosely based as a self-made millionaire who created her own business empire .   Joy received a theatrical release on December 25 , 2015 , distributed by 20th Century Fox . It received mixed reviews from critics , who praised Lawrence 's performance but criticized the writing and pace of the film . Lawrence received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her performance . Joy was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , among other accolades .

neg: Drama (UK TV series) Drama is a one-hour UK television anthology series produced by Open City Productions . It consists of seven episodes of abridged productions of classic plays that were aired on the British Broadcasting Company in 1977 . Episode titles are Oedipus Tyrannus , MacBeth , Medieval Mystery Plays , The Venetian Twins , The Way of the World , The Wild Duck , and Six Characters in Search of an Author .   Actors included Patrick Stewart , Leo McKern , and Nigel Stock .

neg: Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French .   The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .

neg: Joie de vivre Joie de vivre ( -LSB- ʒwa də vivʁ -RSB- , joy of living ) is a French phrase often used in English to express a cheerful enjoyment of life ; an exultation of spirit .   It `` can be a joy of conversation , joy of eating , joy of anything one might do ... And joie de vivre may be seen as a joy of everything , a comprehensive joy , a philosophy of life , a Weltanschauung . Robert 's Dictionnaire says joie is sentiment exaltant ressenti par toute la conscience , that is , involves one 's whole being . ''

neg: List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .

neg: Scene (filmmaking) In filmmaking and video production , a scene is generally thought of as the action in a single location and continuous time . Due to the ability to edit recorded visual works , it is much shorter than a stage play scene .  Because of their frequent appearance in films , some types of scenes have acquired names , such as love scene , sex scene , nude scene , dream scene , action scene , car chase scene , crash scene , etc. . There is usually an opening scene and a closing scene .   A scene is a part of a film , as well as an act , a sequence ( longer or shorter than a scene ) , and a setting ( usually shorter than a scene ) . While the terms refer to a set sequence and continuity of observation , resulting from the handling of the camera or by the editor , the term scene refers to the continuity of the observed action - an association of time , place or characters . The term may refer to the division of the film from the screenplay , from the finished film , or it may only occur in the mind of the spectator who is trying to close on a logic of action . For example , parts of an action film at the same location , that play at different times can also consist of several scenes . Likewise , there can be parallel action scenes at different locations usually in separate scenes , except that they would be connected by media such as telephone , video , etc. .   In contrast , the traditional movie script was divided into acts , but those categories are less frequently used in the digital technology . The scene is important for the unity of the action of the film , while a stage drama is typically divided into acts . The division of a movie into scenes is usually done in the script . Some action scenes need to be planned very carefully .

neg: Petra Joy Petra Joy ( born 1964 in Kempten , West Germany ) is an award-winning German feminist film director , film producer , TV producer , distributor , author , and photographer . She lives in Brighton , England . Along with Candida Royalle , Annie Sprinkle , Maria Beatty , and others , she is one of the pioneers of the movement to make pornography for women . Her genre is described as `` art-core , '' meaning the focus is on sexuality from the female perspective , female pleasure , and creative , sensual play . Common themes in her erotic films include safe sex , men seen as sexual objects , female fantasies , and male bisexuality .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: List of drama anime This is a list of drama anime television series , films , OVAs and ONAs .

neg: Waiting for Happiness Waiting for Happiness ( original title : Heremakono ) is a 2002 drama film written and directed by Abderrahmane Sissako . Main characters are a student , who has returned to his home in Nouadhibou , an electrician and his child apprentice , and the local women . The film is characterized by a succession of scenes of the daily life of the characters which are unique to their particular African and Arab cultures , while borrowing from tropes of Tayeb Saleh 's Season of Migration to the North . The viewer must interpret the scenes without much help from narrator or plot , while the structure of the film hangs on a series of mundane but visually arresting moments , many of which are repeated in other works in Abderrahmane Sissako 's opus , including scenes at a barber shop and a photo booth , also present in his earlier La Vie Sur Terre and later Timbuktu . The film presents typical Mauritanian moments of beauty , struggle , alienation , and humor , which are experienced by groups socially divided from each other , such as Bidhan women drinking tea and gossiping , West African migrants passing through Mauritania to get to Europe ( and finding an unsuccessful comrade washed ashore ) . The young protagonist who has returned interacts with all of these groups as an outsider , as he struggles to remember even his own Hassaniya Arabic dialect , but prefers instead French . Many of the themes and characters presage Sissako 's 2014 film Timbuktu , and both explore liminal Sahel identities authentically situated in everyday life . Waiting for Happiness premiered at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section .

neg: Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism .   In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .

neg: Drama (Kate Miller-Heidke song) `` Drama '' is the first single to be lifted from Kate Miller-Heidke 's fourth album O Vertigo ! , written by Keir Nuttall & featuring vocals from Australian hip-hop artist Drapht . The song was released in February 2014 and has yet to chart .

neg: Yuriko's Aroma is a 2010 Japanese erotic comedy drama film directed by Kōta Yoshida . It was released on May 8 .

neg: Redacted (film) Redacted is a 2007 American war film written and directed by Brian De Palma . It is a fictional dramatization , loosely based on the 2006 Mahmudiyah killings in Mahmoudiyah , Iraq , when U.S. Army soldiers raped an Iraqi girl and murdered her along with her family . This film , which is a companion to an earlier film by De Palma , 1989 's Casualties of War , was shot in Jordan .   Redacted premiered at the 2007 Venice Film Festival , where it earned a Silver Lion `` best director '' award . It was also shown at the Toronto International Film Festival , the New York Film Festival and the Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema . The film opened in Spain , and in fifteen theaters in limited release in the United States on November 16 , 2007 . The film received mixed reactions from critics and a poor financial response in its limited U.S. release .

neg: Entertainment Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience , or gives pleasure and delight . It can be an idea or a task , but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience 's attention . Although people 's attention is held by different things , because individuals have different preferences in entertainment , most forms are recognisable and familiar . Storytelling , music , drama , dance , and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures , were supported in royal courts , developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens . The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products . Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale , ranging from an individual who chooses a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products ; to a banquet adapted for two ; to any size or type of party , with appropriate music and dance ; to performances intended for thousands ; and even for a global audience .   The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with amusement , so that one common understanding of the idea is fun and laughter , although many entertainments have a serious purpose . This may be the case in the various forms of ceremony , celebration , religious festival , or satire for example . Hence , there is the possibility that what appears as entertainment may also be a means of achieving insight or intellectual growth .   An important aspect of entertainment is the audience , which turns a private recreation or leisure activity into entertainment . The audience may have a passive role , as in the case of persons watching a play , opera , television show , or film ; or the audience role may be active , as in the case of games , where the participant/audience roles may be routinely reversed . Entertainment can be public or private , involving formal , scripted performance , as in the case of theatre or concerts ; or unscripted and spontaneous , as in the case of children 's games . Most forms of entertainment have persisted over many centuries , evolving due to changes in culture , technology , and fashion . Films and video games , for example , although they use newer media , continue to tell stories , present drama , and play music . Festivals devoted to music , film , or dance allow audiences to be entertained over a number of consecutive days .   Some activities that were once considered entertaining , particularly public punishments , have been removed from the public arena . Others , such as fencing or archery , once necessary skills for some , have become serious sports and even professions for the participants , at the same time developing into entertainment with wider appeal for bigger audiences . In the same way , other necessary skills , such as cooking , have developed into performances among professionals , staged as global competitions and then broadcast for entertainment . What entertainment is for one group or individual may be regarded as work by another .   The familiar forms of entertainment have the capacity to cross over different media and have demonstrated a seemingly unlimited potential for creative remix . This has ensured the continuity and longevity of many themes , images , and structures .

neg: Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible .   Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best .  In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings .   Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .

neg: Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode .   The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order .   Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes .   A popular variant is the police procedural .

neg: Writing Drama Writing Drama ( French : La dramaturgie ) is a treatise by French writer and filmmaker Yves Lavandier , originally published in 1994 , revised in 1997 , 2004 , 2008 , 2011 and 2014 . The English version was translated from the French by Bernard Besserglik and published in 2005 . The book exists also in Italian , Spanish and Portuguese .

neg: Ranjan Ghosh Ranjan K Ghosh ( রঞ্জন ঘোষ Rônjôn Ghosh ) is a Bengali filmmaker based out of Kolkata , India . He made his directorial debut in 2014 with the critically acclaimed Hrid Majharey , a Bengali feature film starring Abir Chatterjee and Raima Sen.   Inspired by certain iconic plays of William Shakespeare , it was the first film in the Bengali language based on the works of the Bard and was presented as a tribute on his 450th Birth Anniversary .   The movie was screened at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts in 2015 , and was included in their PhD in Cinema Studies ( Shakespeare and Indian Cinema ) . Earlier in 2014 , it had earned a rare recommendation from Film London in its list of world cinema based on Shakespearean plays . In another major achievement , the film and its screenplay were included in the UGC Literature Archive through the Shakespeare in Bengal project conducted by Jadavpur University .   Ghosh had risen to prominence in 2011 , by becoming the first and the only screenwriter , acclaimed director Aparna Sen had collaborated with in her illustrious career till date . Ghosh had made his screenwriting debut co-authoring Iti Mrinalini , the 2011 film that had also marked the acclaimed director 's return to Bengali cinema after more than a decade .

neg: Behavior (film) Behavior ( Conducta ) is a 2014 Cuban drama film directed by Ernesto Daranas . In English writing , the film is usually referred to by the title Behavior . The film premiered in February 2014 , and then played at the Málaga Film Festival before having its US premieres simultaneously at the Chicago Latino Film Festival and Havana Film Festival New York in April 2014 . Behavior was then screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . It was selected as the Cuban entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards , but was not nominated .

neg: Joy (South African band) Joy was a South African female vocal group , who had a charts-topping hit in South Africa in 1980 with `` Paradise Road '' . The record spent nine weeks at the No. 1 spot , and went on to become considered an unofficial South African anthem . Felicia Marion , Thoko Ndlozi and Anneline Malebo joined forces in 1979 and proceeded to set South African stages alight with colourful and fiery performances . They were very successful in the South African charts as well .   Prior to their forming , each singer led a solo career . Thoko Ndlozi had appeared in a couple of Gibson Kente 's productions , Zwi and Sikalo , and had sung with the Uncle Joe Rhythm Cabins . Felicia Marion did backing vocals for Sammy Brown and toured the country with the Sound Black Shows . Anneline Malebo toured with the Rockets and recorded two solo singles : `` Let 's Live Together '' ( 1976 ) and `` Love The Way You Love '' ( 1977 ) . Brenda Fassie sang with Joy for a short period , filling in for Anneline Malebo who was on maternity leave .   Joy have supported Lamont Dozier , Timmy Thomas , Clarence Carter and Dobie Gray on their South African tours , and Leo Sayer at Sun City . The trio also held a lengthy singing-recording relationship with Spirits Rejoice . Joy won two SARIE Awards for Best Vocal Group and Best English LP of the Year in 1980 . They broke up in 1983 .


query: Peer Astrom has worked with Madonna.

pos: Peer Åström Peer Åström ( born 1972 in Ljusdal , Sweden ) is a Swedish composer , lyricist , musician and record producer and partner with Anders Bagge . The two songwriters / producers are known as Bagge & Peer . They have together written and produced songs for Lara Fabian , Celine Dion , Madonna , Ace of Base , Ashley Tisdale , Enrique Iglesias , Jennifer Lopez and several others . Åström is an accomplished musician playing bass guitar , keyboards and drums .   He was interested in music at a very young age . After high school , he studied music studies and moved to Stockholm and became a session musician for several artists . After Anders Bagge , already a renowned producer and songwriter heard a couple of Peer 's songs he invited Peer to collaborate with him on some writing/recording projects . Later in 2001 , Bag & Peer began to write and produce on a regular basis as a partnering couple . Åström eventually signed to Bagge 's record company Murlyn Music Group ( Murlyn Songs ) .   Peer alongside Anders Bagge , and others co-wrote Celine Dion 's `` Have You Ever Been in Love '' and `` Sorry for Love '' . As a result , he was invited to Miami , Florida by Celine Dion and her producer Vito Luprano to work on the rest of the album A New Day Has Come . The album went on to sell 9 million copies worldwide . Celine Dion 's cover hit single `` I Drove All Night '' was co-produced by Peer Åström .   Peer Åström co-wrote and co-produced two songs with Cyndi Lauper and Johan Bobäck for Lauper 's 2008 album Bring Ya to the Brink .   In 2008 , he mixed the song `` Un Garcon '' for the French singer Lorie . He is the co-producer of many featured songs in the TV series Glee .

neg: Add the Blonde Add the Blonde is the debut studio album by Polish singer Margaret . It was released on 26 August 2014 , only in Poland .   The album was influenced by music genres such as retro-disco and ska . Margaret also cited Madonna 's work as an influence for the album . While creating the album , Margaret worked with , among others , Swedish producers Joakim Buddee and Martin Eriksson and an English producer Ant Whiting , who previously worked with Pixie Lott , M.I.A. , Ella Eyre and John Newman . The album consists of fourteen English-language tracks , including all songs from the All I Need EP and eight new songs . `` Wasted '' , `` Start a Fire '' and `` Heartbeat '' were released as singles .   Add the Blonde reached number eight on the Polish Albums Chart , and was certified platinum in Poland by the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry ( ZPAV ) .   In 2016 , the album was re-released . The reissue includes the singles `` Cool Me Down '' ( plus its three remixes ) and `` Elephant '' , as well as a song titled `` Smak radości '' recorded by Margaret in 2015 for Coca-Cola commercial . The reissue was officially released on 2 December 2016 , however it was available for purchase since 19 September exclusively in Biedronka markets .

neg: Martini In The Morning Martini In The Morning is an internet radio station based in Los Angeles . Martini in the Morning , often shortened to `` MITM '' to resemble traditional radio station call letters , was created when Los Angeles radio station Fabulous 690 XETRA ( originally Fabulous 570 KLAC ) was sold in February 2006 , to become a Spanish language station .   Brad ` Martini ' Chambers who created the new , more contemporary `` Adult Standards '' format for his then employers , Clear Channel Radio is the Program Director and principal host along with ` Mother ' Miriam Garfield . The station broadcasts 24 hours a day and is based in Studio City , Ca . Their broadcast format is similar to what is commonly referred to as `` Adult Standards '' , featuring Jazz Standards , primarily songs from what is often referred to as `` The Great American Songbook '' . The station is active in promoting the genre that the `` Great American Songbook '' represents and ensuring this musical genre does not disappear from the air . There were once hundreds of American radio stations programming similar music . There are now fewer than 200 , and many of those are a mix of `` Great American Songbook '' tunes with a larger percentage of more current `` Adult Contemporary '' music .   Martini in the Morning features music written by the likes of Hoagy Carmichael , Cole Porter , Irving Berlin , Rodgers and Hart , Rodgers and Hammerstein , Johnny Mercer , Henry Mancini , Jimmy McHugh , Dorothy Fields , Fats Waller , Jerome Kern , Sammy Cahn , Jimmy Van Heusen , and many others , performed by the historical greats like Ella Fitzgerald , Frank Sinatra , Dean Martin , Sammy Davis Jr. , Billie Holiday , Bobby Darin , Dinah Washington as well as the more modern `` crooners '' like Steve Tyrell , Tony Bennett , Diana Krall , Michael Bublé , Michael Feinstein , and established pop/rock and R&B artists crossing over into the genre , such as Sting , Paul McCartney , Rod Stewart , Queen Latifah , Lady Gaga and others .   The station is available on-line through various means , using iTunes ( Golden Oldies ) , mobile apps including TuneIn Radio , StreamS HiFi , Reciva , vTuner , Radio Loyalty and others available through the App Store or Marketplace , or you can connect directly via internet address : http://martiniinthemorning.com or watch live in studio on-line during the stations 's `` Morning Show '' 6:00 AM -- 10:00 AM Pacific time at http://www.martiniinthemorning.com/martinivision.html or via Ustream.tv - http://ustream.tv/mitm .

neg: The Look of Love (Madonna song) `` The Look of Love '' is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack album to the 1987 film Who 's That Girl . It was the third and final single release from the album and was released on November 25 , 1987 by Sire Records . While shooting for the film , then called Slammer , Madonna had requested that producer Patrick Leonard develop a downtempo song that captured the nature of her film persona . She later wrote the lyrics and melody to the backing track developed by Leonard , and the song became `` The Look of Love '' . Madonna was also inspired by actor James Stewart 's performance in the 1954 film Rear Window .   Featuring instrumentation from percussion , the song begins with a low bass synth line and a slow backing track , followed by Madonna singing the lyrics . Critically appreciated as a haunting track and noted as a `` gem '' on the album , `` The Look of Love '' reached the top ten of the charts in Belgium , Ireland , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom . It also charted in France , Germany and Switzerland , while reaching the top 20 of the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles . Madonna 's only live performances of the song were on her Who 's That Girl World Tour in 1987 . During the performance Madonna pretended that she was lost on the stage , like her film character .

neg: Donna Tracy Donna Tracy is a visual effects artist whose work on numerous feature films over more than 25 years includes Star Wars and Spider-Man . She deflty moved from traditional film , animation and visual effects to the digital production process in an ever-shifting and fickle industry . She applies this deftness to her installation artwork . A fine example is , `` Cloudwoman '' , shown at the old Los Angeles Jail in 1998 . It was a collaborative work with Jael Lehmann and Ann Monn that gave voice to Olive Oatman who became Cloudwoman . Another work of interest is a digital print series she created entitled , `` Virtual Species or Digital Waste '' ( 2005 ) , that was developed out of small discarded and unused scraps of texture patches salvaged from the digital dustbins of the digital film making process . This discarded digital trash is called `` digitritus , '' ( digital ditritus ) . She likens it to peeling paint or bark that inspires you to create something else out of it . She has presented , written and published about copyright issues in regards to this work . Her masters in art studies were at the California Institute of the Arts in the Art Program . An animated work , `` Nichelodeon : A Peep Show '' , was recently projected ( 2006 ) at the MOMA exhibition TOMORROWLAND : CalArts in Moving Pictures ( former Cal Arts students work . )   In 2001 , she resigned from her position at Sony Pictures , to teach at Chaffey College . She has moved on from there to start OmniCosm Studios with Adolf Schaller . They recently completed a commission for the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles - a series of new planet landscapes , Mercury , Venus , Mars and Pluto , for the Deep Space Exhibit . Currently , she is in development with Adolf Schaller and Michael Ferriter ( Pure Light Images ) on the creation of a 3D film series for multi-venue theater productions based on astronomical phenomena . Their first two productions are , `` Journey to a Black Hole 3D '' and `` Star Blast 3D : A Supernova Experience '' .

neg: Tony Berg Anthony Rains `` Tony '' Berg ( born October 21 , 1954 in Connecticut ) is an American musician , record producer , and A&R man , in which role he has been described as an `` industry guru '' .   Berg 's music career began in the late 1970s , when he was a session guitarist who appeared on several notable releases including Air Supply , Debby Boone , The Rocky Horror Picture Show and several Muppet Show releases . It the early 1980s , Berg founded Zeitgeist Studios . His first major success was with Michael Penn 's 1989 debut March . From there Berg went on to produce Edie Brickell , Public Image Limited , Altered State , and Aimee Mann as well as an extensive collection of other artists .   In the early 1990s , Berg became an A&R exec with Geffen Records where he played a role in signing artists such as Beck , Wild Colonials , Black Rebel Motorcycle Club , At the Drive-In etc. . During this time he continued to produce records and play on a wide variety of releases including Peter Gabriel 's Up .   In 2004 Berg founded Three Records with industry veteran Michael Rosenblatt and super producer Eric Valentine . Their first release was Mellowdrone 's Box .

neg: Lasciami entrare (album) Lasciami entrare is the fifth album of the Italian singer Valerio Scanu , which was published on January 28 , 2014 by NatyLoveYou .   The album was preceded by the single Sui nostri passi released on January 7 , 2014 . A week later even the videoclip was released .   The album contains 11 tracks , two of which are in English Sometimes Love and Alone and the rest in Italian . A 12th song Parole di cristallo in acoustic version is available only with the digital album download .   After contract termination with recording label Emi Music Italy and the creation of his own label NatyLoveYou , he is now more in control of his artistic life and free to express deepest feelings also by undertaking a new path , that of songwriter .   In this album we see Valerio Scanu in the roles of singer , lyrics writer and also producer . Scanu also composed the music of the song Parole di cristallo . The lyrics of 8 songs in this album have been written by Scanu . Sometimes Love has been written by singer / composer Kykah while Un giorno in più has been written together with singer / composer Silvia Olari .   As can be seen from the track list , there are several authors and co-authors in this new album other than the same Valerio Scanu . There is Luca Mattioni ( among other brilliant arranger and producer of the album ) producer who had previously worked with Scanu ; Mario Cianchi another old acquaintance of Scanu and author of many successes of the past years ; David Rossi ( son of Vasco Rossi ) , Silvia Olari ( friend and colleague from the era of `` Amici 8 '' ) ; Andrea Amati , Federico Paciotti , Mirko Tommasi , Daniel Choir and Federica Camba ( who in this record signed with her real name , that is , Fratoni ) , Luca Bussoletti , and William Knight .   The arrangements and artistic production was assigned to Luca Mattioni , who , together with two mastering engineers , Matt Howe who mixed the album in London and Chris Gehringer who mastered the album in New York , gave an international sound to this project .   The album is produced and presented by NatyLoveYou an Independent recording label founded by Valerio Scanu himself , and distributed by Self Distribuzioni and Digital Believe Italy ( for the digital version ) .   Scanu presented to his fans a brief explanation of every song . In particular , the title of the album ` Lasciami Entrare ' , when translated means `` Let me in '' , represents the dream of the artist to enter into the heart of people , even into the heart of those who do not know him .   Music critic Roberto Graziani made a meticulous technical analysis of every song in this album while emphasizing on the musical and vocal evolution achieved by Scanu .

neg: The Prodigy discography English electronic music group The Prodigy has released six studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , one mix album , three extended plays , twenty-one singles and twenty-two music videos . Hailed as pioneers of genres such as rave , techno and big beat , the group have sold over 20 million albums worldwide .   The Prodigy 's first release was the 1991 EP What Evil Lurks . Experience , the group 's debut studio album , was released in September 1992 . It peaked at number 12 in the United Kingdom and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Experience spawned the singles `` Charly '' , `` Everybody in the Place '' , `` Fire '' / `` Jericho '' , `` Out of Space '' and `` Wind It Up ( Rewound ) '' , all of which were top 12 hits in the United Kingdom . Music for the Jilted Generation , the group 's second studio album , was released in July 1994 . The album peaked at number one in the UK , also reaching the top ten in countries such as Australia and New Zealand . Earning a platinum certification from the BPI , Music for the Jilted Generation spawned the UK top ten singles `` One Love '' and `` No Good ( Start the Dance ) '' .   The Prodigy 's third studio album The Fat of the Land was released in June 1997 , becoming a huge commercial success . The album peaked at number one in multiple countries , including the United Kingdom and the United States . The Fat of the Land received multi-platinum certifications from the BPI , the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Firestarter '' , the album 's first single , peaked at number one in the United Kingdom and hit the top ten in multiple other countries . It also gave the group their biggest hit in the United States , where it peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA . The album 's second single `` Breathe '' also performed well commercially , reaching the top ten in multiple countries and becoming the group 's second consecutive UK number-one hit . `` Smack My Bitch Up '' , the album 's final single , peaked at number 8 in the UK .   The group released their fourth studio album Always Outnumbered , Never Outgunned in August 2004 . Their style had changed from rave and breakbeat to more of an electronic rock style . The album topped the charts in the United Kingdom , earning a silver certification from the BPI . Always Outnumbered , Never Outgunned spawned three singles , including the UK top 20 hit `` Girls '' . Invaders Must Die , the group 's fifth studio album , was released in February 2009 . The album became the band 's fourth consecutive studio album to top the charts in the UK . Among its four singles were the UK top ten hits `` Omen '' and `` Warrior 's Dance '' , both of which received silver certifications from the BPI .

neg: Stargate (music producers) Stargate is a Norwegian record producing and songwriting team , composed of Tor Erik Hermansen ( born 14 October 1972 ) and Mikkel Storleer Eriksen ( born 10 December 1972 ) , based in New York City . The team 's genres include R&B , pop , dance-pop , Europop and hip hop . Stargate was established in Trondheim , Norway .   Stargate broke into the American recording industry in 2006 , with the release of the Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 single , `` So Sick '' , produced and co-written by the team and performed by Ne-Yo . They also produced and co-wrote Beyoncé 's worldwide hit single `` Irreplaceable '' , which topped the Billboard Hot 100 for 10 consecutive weeks . Throughout their career they have been noted for their extensive work with Rihanna , writing and producing four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 singles with the Barbadian singer in 2010 and 2011 .

neg: Monster (Lady Gaga song) `` Monster '' is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga , from her third EP , The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) . Inspired by her `` Fear of Attachment Monster '' , the record was written by Gaga , RedOne and Space Cowboy , with RedOne producing the track . Gaga had explained that `` Monster '' describes her fear of sex and relationships , and described the lyrics as being in love with the bad boy all the time , but instead of running away , one keeps going back to the same person . She added that the fear in `` Monster '' erupted from her need to have a stable relationship . Incorporating the usage of heavy bass lines , descending keyboard lines and `` massive '' choruses , `` Monster '' contains zombie like metaphors , and a reference to Gaga 's debut single `` Just Dance '' .   `` Monster '' received generally positive reviews from critics who appreciated the song 's musical arrangement and frequently rated it as a top track from The Fame Monster , while some disliked its lyrics . `` Monster '' enjoyed brief commercial success in 2010 , charting on four singles charts , as well as the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs and Latin Pop Airplay . Gaga has mostly performed `` Monster '' on her 2009 -- 11 The Monster Ball Tour . The performance included the portrayal of homicide and was criticized following a real-life incident at Manchester in the United Kingdom . She also performed `` Monster '' on The Oprah Winfrey Show .

neg: Angel (Madonna song) `` Angel '' is a song by American singer Madonna from her second studio album Like a Virgin ( 1984 ) . It was released on April 10 , 1985 by Sire Records as the third single from the album . Written by Madonna and Steve Bray , it was one of the first songs developed for the project and , according to Madonna , was inspired by a girl who is saved by an angel , and she falls in love with him . `` Angel '' was released as a 12 '' single with `` Into the Groove '' in some countries and charted likewise . A music video was initially planned for the release , but was later cancelled . Instead a promotional video comprising clips from her previous videos was released in the United Kingdom .   Musically `` Angel '' consists of three chord ascending hook , which serves for the verse and chorus . It has vocal harmonies beneath the main chorus and the lyrics repeat the angel-like image of Madonna 's saviour . Critical response to the song was mixed , with some music critics calling it a classic and others deeming it sub-par compared to Madonna 's previous singles . `` Angel '' became the singer 's fifth consecutive top-five single on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top of its dance charts . It was also able to reach number-one in Australia and the top-five of the charts in Canada , Ireland , Japan , New Zealand , Spain and the United Kingdom . Madonna has performed the song only once , on The Virgin Tour in 1985 .

neg: Ed Steinberg Ed Steinberg is a New York City-based music video producer/director . Steinberg also founded the RockAmerica video distribution network . Steinberg has a colorful reputation . He is perhaps best known for making Madonna 's first ever music video in 1982 for the song `` Everybody '' , but has produced and directed more than 90 music videos for other artists such as Gipsy Kings , Cheap Trick , U2 and Yello . Long-form television programs he has produced include music specials for MTV , Alive From Off Center for PBS , and The Palladium , Where Mambo was King for Bravo . His videos are in collections in the Whitney Museum , The Museum of Modern Art and The Guggenheim . He has served as the musical director for the Havana Film Festival since 2000 .   Steinberg is currently the President of RockaMedia LLC , a media production and distribution company and he is also media advisor to Kidos and www.Magicflix.com educational websites for 3 -- 9 year old children .

neg: Beaver & Krause Beaver & Krause were a musical duo made up of Paul Beaver and Bernie Krause . Their 1967 album The Nonesuch Guide to Electronic Music was a pioneering work in the electronic music genre .   Beaver introduced Monkees singer-drummer Micky Dolenz to the Moog , which became a featured instrument on the fourth Monkees album , Pisces , Aquarius , Capricorn & Jones Ltd. , and Beaver himself performed on one track , `` Star Collector '' in 1967 . In addition , he led workshops at the Beaver & Krause LA studio attended by a who 's who of film composers and session keyboardists of the time .   In June 1967 , Beaver and Krause set up a booth at the Monterey Pop Festival , demonstrating their newly purchased electronic synthesiser , one of the first constructed by Bob Moog .   Thanks to their demonstrations of the Moog at Monterey , Beaver and Krause also introduced the instrument to a number of other leading American pop acts including The Doors , Simon & Garfunkel and The Byrds , helping to create the vogue for the Moog that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s .   Krause introduced the instrument first to Sir George Martin , producer of the Beatles , and then to George Harrison during Harrison 's 1968 visit to California while producing the Apple artist , Jackie Lomax . He used it to generate his 1969 free-form solo Electronic Sound album for Apple Records ' spinoff label Zapple , with the first side of the disc consisting of not only Krause 's composition , but also his performance -- one that remained completely unacknowledged and uncompensated for .   In 1968 , Beaver and Krause released an album for Mercury Records imprint Limelight Records , Ragnarok , then released a series of three albums for Warner Brothers Records , In a Wild Sanctuary ( 1970 ) , Gandharva ( 1971 ) and All Good Men ( 1972 ) , effectively creating both the electronica and New Age musical movements .   The final chord of the track `` Spaced '' from their album , In a Wild Sanctuary , is abnormally similar to the later synthesizer THX Sound Logo heard for years in movie theaters and named deep note . The THX performance conveniently begins on the same first note ( a G pedal tone ) , splits into an 8-tone glissando with four notes rising and four descending , and ends on the same open ( D Major ) chord . Despite THX 's contention that it was not directly influenced by Beaver and Krause , no other musical rendering of that kind can be found over the entire course of musical history .   Both Mike Bloomfield and Ronnie Montrose played guitar on the Beaver & Krause song `` Saga Of The Blue Beaver '' .   The duo ended with Beaver 's premature death in January , 1975 , at age 49 .   Krause released at least two more solo albums : Citadels of Mystery in 1979 and Gorillas in the Mix in 1988 . He also scored music and/or effects for many movies like Apocalypse Now on synthesizer .   In 1995 Krause released an album of Holiday music with Phil Aaberg composed entirely of sampled animal noises recorded in the wild titled A Wild Christmas .   Since earning his Ph.D. in Creative ( Sound ) Arts with an internship in bioacoustics ( 1981 ) , Krause has specialized almost exclusively in the recording and archiving of natural soundscapes from wild habitats worldwide and has been a major influence in the introduction to bioacoustics of the fields of soundscape ecology and ecoacoustics . In 2014 , Krause collaborated with Richard Blackford , former composer-in-residence at Balliol College Oxford , to compose a symphony titled , The Great Animal Orchestra Symphony for Orchestra and Wild Soundscapes , commissioned and performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales . Echoing the pioneering ecoacoustic approach in Beaver & Krause 's In A Wild Sanctuary , the symphony featured the first full orchestration combining wild soundscapes performed live as a component of orchestration . In 2015 , Blackford and Krause were commissioned by the Alonzo King LINES Ballet , an internationally known corps based in San Francisco , to score the ballet , Biophony , which premiered in April of that year .

neg: LaRoseNoire LaRoseNoire is an Italian cultural association dealing with art , music and philosophy , founded in 2001 by Elisabeth Mantovani , astrologer , painter and expert of symbolic art mouvements , formed at the Academy of fine arts of Bologna .   LaRoseNoire is based and carries on his activities in the north of Italy .  The association deals with the organization and promotion of events such as concerts , courses , conferences and art exhibitions .   Through the events organized since today LaRoseNoire has carried on an imaginary associated to a new kind of romantic sensitivity related both to the communion with natural environment and to the interaction with industrial culture and his suggestions .   The teaching and the publication of essays related to esoteric matters as well as the live concerts and art exhibitions aim to the rising of a counscious creativity , an active imagination and an independent thought both of the audience as well of the artist or teacher .   LaRoseNoire has collaborated with numerous musicians in Italy and Europe related to electro , industrial , medieval , folk , ambient and tribal sounds such has Ataraxia , Sieben , Francesco Banchini , Louisa John Krol , Ah Cama-Sotz , Mimetic , Jack or Jive , This Morn ' Omina and many others and with some independent music labels in Italy as well in Europe such as the Portuguese Equilibrium and the Italian Capture music .

neg: Secrets of Astrology Secrets of Astrology , released in 2000 , is the fifth album , but the fourth studio recorded album , by symphonic rock vocalist , Lana Lane . Though this album is Lane 's fifth album release in the US , it is her eighth in Japan . The album was recorded in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles and mixed in the Netherlands by Oscar Holleman . Mastering was executed at Abbey Road Studios in London .   The album contains 13 songs , whereas the 13th track is listed as a bonus track . In the North American and Japanese releases of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Romeo and Juliet '' , a song Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for this album . In the European release of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Rhapsody '' , a song that Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for her 1998 album , Queen of the Ocean .

neg: The Girlie Show: Live Down Under The Girlie Show : Live Down Under is a video album by American singer-songwriter Madonna . It was released by Warner Music Vision , Warner Reprise Video and Maverick Records on April 25 , 1994 and included a date filmed at Sydney Cricket Ground on November 19 , 1993 from The Girlie Show World Tour . The video was originally broadcast as a TV special on HBO in 1993 under the title Madonna Live Down Under : The Girlie Show . The concert was directed by Mark `` Aldo '' Miceli , who previously directed the TV specials Blond Ambition : Japan Tour 90 and the Barcelona TV special Madonna-Live ! Blond Ambition World Tour 90 ( live from Barcelona Olympic Stadium on August 1 , 1990 and not the version from the HBO special ) . When re-released on DVD in 1998 , the video was the first ever music video in this format along with another Warner Music title The Three Tenors in Concert .

neg: Freaky Trigger Freaky Trigger is an Internet publication and e-zine that focuses on popular culture with topics varying from music to cinema . It was founded by the music critic Tom Ewing in 1999 and features Pete Baran and Mark Sinker as editors . From 2000 to 2005 , it also used to host a music-specific blog , titled NYLPM . Ewing also started the popular music forum I Love Music ( ILM ) in August 2000 as a sister website to Freaky Trigger . `` ILXor.com FAQ '' , Retrieved 2016-02-09 A notable feature on the website is Popular , a longtime ongoing series where Ewing reviews each UK Singles Chart number one single ever in chronological order .   Freaky Trigger was featured in OC Weeklys list of `` 10 Crucial Music Websites '' and one of its reviews , Eminem 's `` Stan '' by Tom Ewing , was referenced on the list of `` The Best Music Writing of 2015 '' by the Complex . The Guardian have also referred to Freaky Trigger articles , one time on the Freaky Trigger piece `` The Strange Death of the UK Charts '' , and one time on an Ewing piece on Cliff Richard . Stylus Magazine have also referred to Freaky Trigger in an article . The NYLPM blog was notably eulogized by Pitchfork in early 2006 , following the suspension of its publication .

neg: MCMXC a.D. MCMXC a.D. ( `` 1990 '' in Roman numerals followed by an abbreviation of Anno Domini ) is the first studio album by the German music project Enigma , headed by Romanian-German musician Michael Cretu , released on 10 December 1990 by Virgin Records in the United Kingdom and on 28 January 1991 by Charisma Records in the United States .   Before he founded Enigma , Cretu had released several solo records , collaborated with various artists , and produced albums for his then wife , German pop singer Sandra . Following their marriage in 1988 , Cretu developed an idea for a New-age music project named Enigma , and recorded MCMXC a.D. in eight months at A.R.T. Studios , his home studio located in Ibiza , Spain . It is one of the first albums recorded onto a hard disk drive . Cretu makes extensive use of Gregorian chants , dance beats , and flute sounds .   MCMXC a.D. received some criticism for its sexual and religious themes and connotations but it became a worldwide success , reaching the top 10 in ten countries , including the United Kingdom , and No. 6 in the United States where it sold over 4 million copies and stayed on the Billboard 200 chart for 282 weeks . Four singles from the album were released -- `` Sadeness ( Part I ) '' , `` Mea Culpa ( Part II ) '' , `` Principles of Lust '' , and `` The Rivers of Belief '' . `` Sadeness ( Part 1 ) '' topped the singles charts worldwide and remains Enigma 's most successful single . In 1991 and 1999 , the album was re-released with additional remixed tracks .

neg: Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other .   After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film .   The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights .   However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .

neg: A Certain Sacrifice A Certain Sacrifice is a 1985 American drama film co-written and directed by Stephen Jon Lewicki and starring Madonna , Jeremy Pattnosh and Charles Kurtz . It was Madonna 's first movie , filmed around September 1979 , but not released until 1985 .   The film is an `` oddball '' independent film , shot on-and-off over two years in New York City for just $ 20,000 . Madonna finished her scenes in the Fall of 1980 . Almost all of the cast were unpaid .

neg: Diamá discography Diamá 's ( Claudia D'Addio ) discography starts 2006 with an unofficial Single `` You ca n't stop me/Identit à '' , recorded when she was part of the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 entry for Switzerland Six4One . Both songs were never part of an album but became part of the Six4One album . The single was physically released in Switzerland only through Phonag . Digitally it was released worldwide by Chips Records ( Germany ) . At the time she was signed with Jupiter Records , record label of notorious German composer and producer Ralph Siegel . Due to different views about her career both sides did not dispose picking up the option for an album . Everything was resolved in collegial manners .   After this experience she and her songwriter and longtime friend Jiameé started working on new material , but Diamá felt not ready to start an own career and wanted to discover what kind of artist she is on her own . 2007 she collaborated on many projects with DJs and worked on improving her vocal skills . 2008 she started discovering the music set in her Italian roots . Infatuated by Mediterranean sounds and instruments , today 's heavy hip-hop beats or electronic elements and inspired by Italian divas such as Sophia Loren , Anna Magnani , Gina Lollobrigida or Giulietta Masina she started understanding what moves her as an artist . Her Italian hometown Caserta and her favorite city Naples both located in the Campania region of Italy furnished most of the inspiration for her debut album set to be released in 2014 . Powerful images of strong Italian women inspired the look of her first album . Two young and talented photographers based in Switzerland Shpend Salihu and Basil Stücheli translated her vision into art . The album has a sad undertone due to the fact that she lost her childhood friend in a tragic accident in 2009 . Her whole album is dedicated first of all to his memory .


query: The Challenge had originally been called Road Rules: All Stars.

pos: The Challenge (TV series) The Challenge ( originally known as Road Rules : All Stars , followed by Real World/Road Rules Challenge ) is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network 's two reality shows , Real World and Road Rules . It features alumni from these two shows , in addition to first-time cast members called ` Fresh Meat ' , alumni from Are You the One ? , and relatives of these cast members called ` Bloodlines ' , competing against one another for a cash prize . The Challenge is currently hosted by T. J. Lavin .  The series premiered on June 1 , 1998 . The title of the show was originally Road Rules : All Stars before it was renamed Real World/Road Rules Challenge by the show 's 2nd season , then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show 's 19th season . The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season , providing assignments as `` Mr. '' or `` Ms. Big '' ( David `` Puck '' Rainey , David Edwards , and Gladys Sanabria served this role ) . Later on , however , the series began using hosts : Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season , and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T. J. Lavin became the show 's regular host by the 11th season .   Since the 4th season , each season has supplied the show with a unique subtitle , such as Rivals . Each season consists of a format and theme whereby the subtitle is derived . Of each season 's format and theme , 8 have been repeated or revamped through sequel seasons with shared subtitles . In chronological order , these include : Battle of the Sexes ( tied to Battle of the Sexes II , the show 's first sequel season ) ; The Inferno ( tied to The Inferno II and The Inferno III , the show 's first trilogy ) ; The Gauntlet ( tied to The Gauntlet II and The Gauntlet III ) ; The Duel ( tied to The Duel II ) ; Fresh Meat ( tied to Fresh Meat II ) , Battle of the Seasons ( tied to the second Battle of the Seasons ) ; Rivals ( tied to Rivals II and Rivals III ) ; and Battle of the Exes ( tied to Battle of the Exes II ) .   The current 29th season , entitled Invasion of the Champions , premiered on February 7 , 2017 and concluded on May 16 , 2017 .

neg: GTR – FIA GT Racing Game GTR -- FIA GT Racing Game is a sports car racing simulator developed by SimBin Studios ( later Sector3 Studios ) for the x86 PC . An Xbox version was announced very early on , but never materialized . In April 2006 , an Xbox 360 version was announced . The Xbox 360 version of the game was to be published by THQ . However , THQ later announced they would no longer be working together with Simbin on the title . Race Pro was released for the Xbox 360 in February 2009 .   As a racing simulator , it attempts to recreate real-world physics as accurately as possible , rather than exaggerating speed and handling abilities for the sake of easier gameplay . Some games that compare to the realism featured in GTR include Grand Prix Legends , Live for Speed and F1 Challenge . It has a full license from the FIA for their GT championship , so it features the original FIA GT Series cars and courses . All tracks were constructed from satellite data to improve accuracy , and the developers were helped by many teams in the GT - and NGT-classes . The game engine produces and outputs telemetry data in a format that is usable by the telemetry software i2 by MoTeC -- a software tool used by real racing teams .   The game has three modes , one with full realism and the two others with reduced levels of realism for intermediate players and newcomers . The user is provided with a great deal of control over the setup of the car , e.g. dampers , springs , anti-roll bars , gear ratios , wings and brake pressure can be adjusted in detail .   Although the user is allowed to map the controls to e.g. a keyboard or joystick/gamepad , a wheel/pedal set is really a requirement for a complete racing experience . GTR fully supports the TrackIR device . StarForce copy protection is used to prevent illegal copies of the game from being produced .   Some consider the graphics to be only mediocre whilst others praise the attention to detail in both car modelling and texturing . What is certain is that GTR does lack some effects seen in contemporary games . However , GTR does enable the player to participate in races with over 60 competitors . The game has been criticized numerous times for poor Netcode which often can result in an online game failing during the start . GTR also suffers from virtually no automatic enforcement of rules and regulations , and so `` fair racing '' is only seen by a few on public servers . The open nature of multiplayer sessions makes it easy for a single player to cause disruption for other players , or even to ruin the entire race . Consequently , joining a GTR league or community often proves beneficial for players who wish to participate in clean online racing . GTR 's rating has been suffered by the comparatively long amount of time needed to load a race .

neg: The Amazing Race Canada 4 The fourth season of The Amazing Race Canada is a reality game show based on the American series The Amazing Race . It features 10 teams of two , each with a pre-existing relationship . The grand prize includes : a cash payout , a `` once-in-a-lifetime '' trip for two around the world with hotel accommodations provided by new sponsor Hotels.com , and the winning team 's choice of any Chevrolet vehicle driven during the race . For the fourth year in a row , Jon Montgomery returned as the host .   The season premiere was aired on June 28 , 2016 . Dating couple Steph LeClair and Kristen McKenzie were the winners of this season of The Amazing Race Canada . They are the first all-female team to win the Canadian edition of the show and the first lesbian couple team to win any edition of the Race worldwide . In the After the Race reunion special , it was revealed that both chose the Silverado truck featured in Leg 1 .

neg: Nickelodeon All-Star Challenge Nickelodeon All-Star Challenge is a three-episode game show television special that aired during The Big Help on October 3 , 1994 .   The hosts of the special were Guts Mike O'Malley , Double Dare and What Would You Do?s Robin Marrella , who also served as referee , and Nick Arcades Phil Moore , who also represented Double Dare due to his hosting the now-defunct traveling live show at the time . Representing Legends of the Hidden Temple was the character of `` Olmec , '' voiced by Dee Bradley Baker .   USA Today described the show as merging `` the best games from Guts , Double Dare , Legends of the Hidden Temple and What Would You Do ? into one big show . '' The show additionally combined all-star players from its contemporaneously-airing game shows Legends of the Hidden Temple and Guts with celebrities for fun .

neg: JPMorgan Corporate Challenge The J.P. Morgan Corporate Challenge is an annual series of 3.5-mile ( 5.63 km ) road footraces owned and operated by JPMorgan Chase , with an intended focus on promoting fitness , camaraderie and team work to employees of local businesses and organizations . Teams are organized by company or organization , and the JPMorgan Chase Foundation celebrates the participants by making a donation to local charities .   The Corporate Challenge was founded in 1977 by Manufacturers Hanover with a single race in New York City , with 200 runners from 50 companies . It has since grown to include 13 races in seven countries on five continents , with total participation in 2016 of 254,501 entrants from 7,624 companies .   The events are all-inclusive of skill levels and age , with nearly equal amount of racers , joggers and walkers . Throughout the 2016 Series , participation was 51-percent male , 49-percent female . Nine of the 13 Corporate Challenge races in 2016 achieved a full capacity of entrants and most had a pre - and post-race hospitality component , where companies could gather to celebrate their participation .   The J.P. Morgan Corporate Challenge Series enjoyed its 40th consecutive year of operation in 2016 . Through all 40 years , the Corporate Challenge has been owned and operated by J.P. Morgan and its predecessor firms . Manufacturer Hanover was the title owner of the Corporate Challenge from 1977-91 . The event was called the Chemical Bank Corporate Challenge from 1992-95 , the Chase Corporate Challenge 1996-2000 , the JPMorgan Chase Corporate Challenge 2001-10 , and by its current name , the J.P. Morgan Corporate Challenge , since 2011 .   The unifying event of the Series is the J.P. Morgan Corporate Challenge Championship , which features the first-place men 's , women 's and mixed teams from each of the 13 Series cities . The Championship was first held in 1983 , and the 33rd Championship was held on June 1 , 2016 in New York 's Central Park . Coolboy Ngamole of Sibanye Gold ( Johannesburg ) and Sara Donahue of Abt Associates ( Boston ) earned the men 's and women 's individual titles . Sibanye , Corning ( Rochester , NY ) and Strava ( San Francisco ) captured the men 's , women 's and mixed team titles , respectively .

neg: 2004 Speed World Challenge The 2004 Speed World Challenge season was the fifteenth season of the Sports Car Club of America 's World Challenge series . The series ' title sponsor was television network Speed Channel , who broadcast all the races . Championships were awarded for grand touring and touring cars . The season began on March 19 and ran for ten rounds . Tommy Archer and Audi won the championships in GT , and Bill Auberlen and BMW won in Touring Car . The season marked the first wins for the Cadillac brand , a step up for General Motors after three of its brands declined in the nineties .

neg: MTV Roadies MTV Roadies is a youth-based popular reality television show on MTV India . The show first aired in 2003 . In the show , a group of contestants travel to different destinations and participate in various tasks that seemingly challenge their physical and mental strength . During the course of the journey , there are vote outs , vote ins , eliminations and game changing twists . Eventually the contestant who manages to survive vote outs and succeed in the final task is chosen as the winner . The show has enjoyed much success among the youth . When asked about the show , the executive producer said , `` Roadies has travel , adventure , drama , touch of voyeurism ... '' .   Raghu Ram and Rajiv Laxman , the creators of Roadies left the show in 2014 . They told the media that they had done enough to popularise the show and wanted to give opportunities to the new generation to carry the show forward . The latest season titled Roadies Rising is currently underway .

neg: Survivor: All-Stars Survivor : All-Stars is the eighth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor . It was filmed from November 3 , 2003 through December 11 , 2003 and premiered on February 1 , 2004 after Super Bowl XXXVIII . It was set on the Pearl Islands of Panama , where the previous season Survivor : Pearl Islands had just wrapped up . Hosted by Jeff Probst , it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay with , for the first time , 18 competitors instead of the usual 16 , and three tribes instead of the usual two .   The winner was Amber Brkich , who was declared the Sole Survivor after a victory over Rob `` Boston Rob '' Mariano with a 4 -- 3 jury vote . At the end of the live reunion show , a twist called America 's Tribal Council was announced . It involved the public voting to award a second million-dollar prize . Rupert Boneham won the million dollars over runners up Mariano , Colby Donaldson , and Tom Buchanan .   This season was released on DVD on September 14 , 2004 .

neg: List of The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series) contestants This is a list of contestants who have appeared on the American television series , The Amazing Race . Contestants with a pre-existing relationship form a team and race around the world against other teams to claim a grand prize of 1 million USD . The original American series premiered in 2001 ; as of 2014 , there have been 25 seasons aired with locations spanning all six inhabited continents . In total , 510 contestants have appeared in the series , with 22 of them competing again on The Amazing Race 11 : All-Stars in 2007 , another 22 competing again on The Amazing Race 18 : Unfinished Business and another 22 also competing on The Amazing Race 24 : All-Stars . The series also aired a special season on The Amazing Race 8 : Family Edition that contained 10 teams of four family members , including children as young as 8 , while season 29 features 22 contestants who were all complete strangers .

neg: Outback Challenge This article is about the off-roading competition . For the unmanned aerial vehicle competition , see UAV Outback Challenge .   The Outback Challenge is an off-roading event that takes place in the sheep stations surrounding Broken Hill , New South Wales , Australia . It is an amateur event where competitors in specially built four-wheel drives compete in a number of trials which address all aspects of off-roading , including navigation , vehicular recovery , vehicle maintenance and bush survival as well as off-road driving skills .   The first Challenge started in 1999 , and has attracted competitors from all over Australia and overseas with competitors from New Zealand , Malaysia , United States , Great Britain , France and the Canary Islands taking part . The event was discontinued in 2011 and replaced by Australian Outback 4x4 Extreme , but was discontinued after its first year . The event will return in 2014 under new management in October , away from its traditional May date .

neg: List of Men's Basketball Academic All-America Team Members of the Year List of Men 's Basketball Academic All-America Team Members of the Year is a list of the annual selection by the College Sports Information Directors of America and its Academic All-America sponsor of the individual athlete selected as the most outstanding of the annual Men 's Basketball Academic All-America selections . Between 1996 and 2011 , one winner each was chosen from both the College and University Divisions for all twelve Academic All-America teams including football . The Academic All-America program recognizes combined athletic and academic excellence of the nation 's top student-athletes . The University Division team included eligible participants from National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I member schools , while the College Division team included scholar-athletes from all of the following : NCAA Division II , NCAA Division III , National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ( NAIA ) , Canadian universities and colleges and two-year schools .   Beginning in 2012 , COSIDA revamped its award structure . The University Division was renamed `` Division I '' . NCAA Divisions II and III now have their own separate All-Americans , while the College Division now consists only of non-NCAA institutions .   Currently , each team selects Academic All-District honorees in eight geographic districts across the United States and Canada . First team All-District honorees make the All-America team ballots . Currently , all twelve Academic All-American teams ( men 's and women 's basketball , men 's and women 's soccer , men 's and women 's track & field , men 's baseball , women 's softball , men 's American football , women 's volleyball and men 's and women 's at-large teams ) have four Academic All-Americans of the Year , one from each division . In each of the four divisions ( College , Division I , Division II , and Division III ) , one of the twelve sport-by-sport Academic All-Americans of the Year is selected as the Academic All-America Team Member of the Year for that division . The most recent men 's basketball player to receive the all-sports honor is John Coleman of Clarkson University in New York , who won the Division III award for 2015 .

neg: 2001 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position -- who in turn are given the honorific `` All-America '' and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' , or simply `` All-Americans '' . Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit , the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media . Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889 .   The NCAA recognizes four different All-America selectors for the 2001 college baseball season : the American Baseball Coaches Association ( since 1947 ) , Baseball America ( since 1981 ) , Collegiate Baseball ( since 1991 ) , and the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association ( since 2001 ) .

neg: Australian Saloon Car Series The Australian Super Six Touring Car Series , known originally as the Australian Saloon Car Series , is an Australian motor racing series for drivers of Group 3K Saloon Cars . The Saloon Car category was devised as a low cost amateur sedan racing formula which would potentially replace the ageing HQ Holden category . The original regulations were focused around large Australian sedans of early 1990s vintage with eligibility limited to VN and VP series Holden Commodores and the EA and EB series Ford Falcons . The regulations limited the cars to six cylinder versions rather than the V8 engined models , as the latter might make the category too similar to Commodore Cup . The cars are slightly modified from their road going versions , with an emphasis on safety for racing .   The Saloon Car category made its debut at the 2000 Adelaide 500 meeting in what was the first round of a three round series . The annual series was officially sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport from 2002 and state level series have also evolved in New South Wales , Victoria , Queensland , South Australia and Western Australia . The category has been particularly successful in Western Australia .   The first major change in the category regulations saw an update in vehicle eligibility for the 2006 season with the Holden VT Commodore and the Ford AU Falcon models added to the field . The newer models proved instantly more competitive and the older cars soon slipped down the field and were relegated to class results or state level series .   In the same year the series was granted `` National Championship '' status by the CAMS and officially became the Australian Saloon Car Championship . After a second year as a Championship in 2007 it reverted to its `` National Series '' status for 2008 . In 2014 the series was rebranded under the title of Australian Super Six Touring Car Series .   The category 's most successful driver has been Bruce Heinrich who has won the national series five times , including the two Australian Saloon Car Championship titles .

neg: The Amazing Race 26 The Amazing Race 26 is the 26th installment of the reality television show The Amazing Race . In this installment , eleven teams of dating couples ( six existing couples and five blind date teams who met for the first time at the start of the race ) competed in a race around the world for a $ 1 million ( USD ) grand prize.The season premiered on CBS for the 2014 -- 15 television season with a special 90-minute episode on Wednesday , February 25 , 2015 . Following the premiere , the program aired in the same time slot that the previous season of The Amazing Race took . The season finale aired on May 15 , 2015 .   Blind date couple Laura Pierson & Tyler Adams , known as `` Team SoCal , '' were the winners of the 26th season of The Amazing Race .

neg: Old National Pike Old National Pike or Old National Road , and sometimes Old Cumberland Road , Old Route 40 , Old U.S. 40 are terms both colloquially and officially applied to bypassed parts of the United States ' first federally funded highway ( 1811 ) , the National Pikewhich are essentially the parts of U.S. Route 40 ( 1920s ) west of Baltimore and east of Missouri . Terms such as the ` Old National Pike ' and ` Old National Road ' are similar terms frequently built into the local business structure as official addresses , in advertising and generally refer to older roadway parts ( passing through congested business or residential neighborhoods ) which have been replaced by newer , more convenient highways or in most cases modern multi-lane super-highways .   As the first National Highway , with the first ever congressional funding for a U.S. road , the highway grew with the nation . When the Interstate Highway system was funded , and sometimes locally as some cities , counties or states improved their own local highway networks , stretches of road containing a lot of turns , frequent stops ( traffic signals ) , and-or narrow hard to widen ways and roadbeds , stretches of local roads became bypassed and locally named `` Old National Pike '' . This is a partial list of those ambiguous names about the United States :   Eight stretches of older highways , Special routes of U.S. Route 40 , have been granted federal support to maintain and sign by-passed roads as named variant of nearby wider U.S. 40 routes ; the route markers carry not only U.S. 40 designations , but auxiliary signs such as : `` Alternate '' , `` Business '' , `` Truck '' , `` Scenic '' , etc. . Some of these varieties of ` Old National Pike ' are linked below .

neg: Women's Challenge The Women 's Challenge bicycle race ( originally known as the Ore-Ida Women 's Challenge , after its leading sponsor of `` Ore-Ida '' brand frozen potato products ) was held annually in the western United States in southern Idaho , beginning in 1984 until its demise in 2002 . Later primary sponsors were PowerBar and Hewlett-Packard .   During much of its 19-year history , it was the most prestigious women 's cycle race in North America . From 1995 , when it first obtained sanctioning from the Union Cycliste Internationale ( UCI ) , the international governing body for cycling , it developed into one of the strongest races in the world , attracting numerous World and Olympic Champions . Prior to that , in 1990 , the UCI had refused to sanction the event , citing as their reason the `` excessive climbing , stage distances , number of stages , and duration of event . '' The race that year was 17 stages and 663 mi , won by Inga Thompson .   The following year ( 1991 ) marked the debut on the international scene of a team representing Lithuania , which had just recently declared its independence and was still awaiting recognition as a country . Professionals were allowed to compete beginning in 1993 .   The race , which was run almost entirely by volunteers , set a very high standard in terms of technical administration and conduct of the race itself . Jim Rabdau , the race founder , served as chief organizer of the race throughout its entire history .   By the late 1990s , the race was able to attract sufficient sponsorship money to offer the richest prize fund ever in women 's cycling and , for a while , was the richest prize fund race in North America , men 's or women 's . At its peak , it offered $ 125,000 in prizes .   However , cuts in sponsorship forced a reduction in prize money to $ 75,000 in its last year ( 2002 ) and no title sponsor could be found to replace the outgoing sponsor for the following year , forcing the cancellation of the race . Race organizers cited a downturn in the economy as the reason .   One of the stages crested Galena Summit at 8701 ft above sea level on Highway 75 , the Northwest 's highest highway pass .

neg: Top Gear Australia (series 3) The third series of Top Gear Australia began on 28 September 2010 with a 75-minute Ashes Special featuring the presenters of both the Australian and UK Top Gear 's competing in a series of challenges . This special was used a promotional tool by the Nine Network , who , as of late 2009 , had acquired the airing rights to both the UK and Australian shows from SBS One . The series proper began 3 weeks later on 19 October . The show airs on Tuesday nights at 7:30 pm on Channel Nine .   A number of changes were made by Nine for the 3rd series . Of the original hosts from SBS , only Steve Pizzati made the move , with new hosts Shane Jacobson & Ewen Page ( editor-in-chief of Top Gear Australia magazine ) replacing Warren Brown & James Morrison . while former Australian cricketer Shane Warne was added as an occasional guest reviewer . The test track at Camden Airport was redesigned and the ` Star Car ' was replaced . The Proton Satria Neo used in the first 2 series on SBS made way for a more ` Australian ' Ford XF Falcon Ute complete with bull bar , UHF CB aerial and stickers . ( Nine also changed the name of the celebrity car challenge from ` Star In A Bog-Standard Car ' to ` Star In A Car ' ) .   Due to the change in design of the Top Gear test track , in Episode 2 it was announced that the lap time leader board had been re-calibrated . The Stig drove 5 cars from the previous two seasons around the new track and a difference of +23.9 % was calculated .   The Complete Third Series was released in March 2011 . The Two Disc Collection contained all 3 episodes and The Ashes Special .

neg: The President's Challenge The President 's Challenge ( also called Presidential Champions ) is an American program by President 's Council on Fitness , Sports and Nutrition that aims to encourage all Americans to `` make being active part of their everyday lives '' and to be physically fit . The President 's Challenge is designed to help motivate participants ( international participants also eligible ) to improve regardless of activity and fitness level .   The President 's Challenge program includes Awards for actively performing members in their preferred games , sports , or athletics . There are various levels of Awards available . They are :  Presidential Active Lifestyle Award ( PALA )  Health Fitness Award  Presidential Champions Awards  Presidential Champions Bronze Award  Presidential Champions Silver Award  Presidential Champions Gold Award  Presidential Champions Platinum Award   To obtain credit participants must log in their daily efforts , which as noted above can include both sports and physical fitness activities . Each daily activity gives a certain number of points , the number computed by both its intensity and duration . Reporting is entirely on the honor system . Each higher level award requires accumulating more points . There is not a time limit . Qualifiers are eligible for certificates , medals and patches , with the platinum award being a large medallion . The lower levels are comparatively easy , while the platinum award requires a sustained effort , typically over several years . Annually the number of people who reached this point has increased . Over 100 a year now earn it . Several have been awarded it multiple times .   Participants who achieve the Platinum Award are also offered participation in the Presidential Champions Platinum Award program .

neg: Crash Course (game show) Crash Course is an American game show that premiered on ABC on August 26 , 2009 . It is hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese . The series has teams of two competing for a golden steering  wheel and $ 50,000 . The series was aimed to try and outbest Wipeout , but failed to beat its audience and has been canceled after three aired episodes ( but four were produced ) .

neg: Intercontinental Rally Challenge The Intercontinental Rally Challenge was an FIA-sanctioned rallying series organised by SRW Events and Eurosport Events , and aimed to `` give new opportunities to young or amateur rally drivers competing in recognised regional and international rallies , while offering organisers an innovative TV format concept , created by Eurosport . '' The series focused on Group N and Group A spec cars up to 2000 cc , including Super 2000 , R4 , R2 and R3 .   The series began in 2006 under the name International Rally Challenge , adopting the name , Intercontinental Rally Challenge in 2007 . The 2012 season was the final season of the series : from 2013 , the series promoter Eurosport Events was awarded responsibility for organising the rival European Rally Championship by the FIA , and the two competing series were effectively merged .

neg: Roadeo A roadeo is a competitive driving event for motor vehicle drivers in which drivers compete to pass through a variety of obstacles in the smallest amount of time .