query: Humanz is a collection of recordings.

pos: Humanz Humanz is the fifth studio album by British virtual band Gorillaz . The album was released on 28 April 2017 via Parlophone and Warner Bros. . Records . The album was announced on the band 's official Instagram page on 23 March 2017 . According to a press release , the album was recorded in London , Paris , New York City , Chicago , and Jamaica and produced by Gorillaz , The Twilite Tone and Remi Kabaka , Jr. . It is the band 's first studio album since 2010 's The Fall , and features collaborations from several artists including Vince Staples , Popcaan , D.R.A.M. , Grace Jones , Anthony Hamilton , De La Soul , Danny Brown , Kelela , Mavis Staples , Pusha T , and Benjamin Clementine .

pos: Album An album is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD , record , audio tape or another medium . Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century , first as books of individual 78rpm records , then from 1948 as vinyl LP records played at rpm . Vinyl LPs are still issued , though in the 21st-century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc ( CD ) and MP3 formats . The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl .   An album may be recorded in a recording studio ( fixed or mobile ) , in a concert venue , at home , in the field , or a mix of places . The time frame for completely recording an album varies between a few hours to several years . This process usually requires several takes with different parts recorded separately , and then brought or `` mixed '' together . Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed `` live '' , even when done in a studio . Studios are built to absorb sound , eliminating reverberation , so as to assist in mixing different takes ; other locations , such as concert venues and some `` live rooms '' , allow for reverberation , which creates a `` live '' sound . The majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing , sound effects , voice adjustments , etc. . With modern recording technology , musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at separate times while listening to the other parts using headphones ; with each part recorded as a separate track .   Album covers and liner notes are used , and sometimes additional information is provided , such as analysis of the recording , and lyrics or librettos . Historically , the term `` album '' was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format . In musical usage the word was used for collections of short pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century . Later , collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums ( one side of a 78 rpm record could hold only about 3.5 minutes of sound ) . When long-playing records were introduced , a collection of pieces on a single record was called an album ; the word was extended to other recording media such as compact disc , MiniDisc , Compact audio cassette , and digital albums as they were introduced .

neg: Dial Records (1946) Dial Records was an American record company and label that specialized first in bebop jazz and then in contemporary classical music . It was founded in 1946 by Ross Russell . Notable artists who recorded for Dial included Charlie Parker , who signed an exclusive one-year recording contract with Russell on 26 February 1946 , Miles Davis , Max Roach , and Milt Jackson . Dial Records were initially made for the Tempo Music Shop of Hollywood , California , but soon relocated to New York City .   Labels of Dial Records said that they were `` Contemporary American Music '' , a dig at the traditionalist American Music Records label .   In the summer of 1949 Ross Russell announced a change of focus , with the label turning to the release of classical music by contemporary composers . The first release in this new series was Béla Bartók 's Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion . This series , titled the Library of Contemporary Classics , was inspired when Russell obtained the master tape of a recording of Arnold Schoenberg 's Chamber Symphony No. 1 from Blue Star Records in Paris , in lieu of payment for a number of Dial jazz masters for European distribution .   Russell 's interests shifted focus again in 1953 , when he made field recordings of calypso music in the British , French , and Netherlands West Indies . This resulted in the Dial Ethnic Series ( Dial 400 label ) of ten ten-inch 33 1/3 rpm discs , issued between June and November 1953 .   Dial also continued to release material from jazz sessions recorded earlier , but in 1954 Russell sold his jazz recordings to Concert Hall Records , sending them the master tapes , pressing lists , and log sheets on June 3 , 1954 .   Mosaic Records released a limited edition box-set ( CD ) of Dial recordings called The Complete Dial Modern Jazz Sessions .

neg: Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California .   Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles .   During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full .   Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's .   In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios .   In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time .   In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is :  Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts .  Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights .  One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits .   In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .

neg: Microphone array A microphone array is any number of microphones operating in tandem . There are many applications :   Systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise ( notably telephones , speech recognition systems , hearing aids )  Surround sound and related technologies  Binaural recording  Locating objects by sound : acoustic source localization , e.g. , military use to locate the source ( s ) of artillery fire . Aircraft location and tracking .  High fidelity original recordings  Environmental Noise Monitoring   Typically , an array is made up of omnidirectional microphones , directional microphones , or a mix of omnidirectional and directional microphones distributed about the perimeter of a space , linked to a computer that records and interprets the results into a coherent form . Arrays may also be formed using numbers of very closely spaced microphones . Given a fixed physical relationship in space between the different individual microphone transducer array elements , simultaneous DSP ( digital signal processor ) processing of the signals from each of the individual microphone array elements can create one or more `` virtual '' microphones . Different algorithms permit the creation of virtual microphones with extremely complex virtual polar patterns and even the possibility to steer the individual lobes of the virtual microphones patterns so as to home-in-on , or to reject , particular sources of sound . The application of these algorithms can produce varying levels of accuracy when calculating source level and location , and as such , care should be taken when deciding how the individual lobes of the virtual microphones are derived .   In case the array consists of omnidirectional microphones they accept sound from all directions , so electrical signals of the microphones contain the information about the sounds coming from all directions . Joint processing of these sounds allows to select the sound signal coming from the given direction . So , microphone array selects the sound coming from a given direction by processing multichannel signals .   An array of 1020 microphones , the largest in the world until August 21st 2014 , was built by researchers at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory .   Currently the largest microphone array in the world was constructed by Sorama , a Netherlands-based sound engineering firm , in August 2014 . Their array consists of 4096 microphones .

neg: Home Recording Rights Coalition The Home Recording Rights Coalition is a non-profit advocacy organization in the U.S. , whose mission is to protect the rights of consumers to view , listen to , and record radio and television broadcasts .   Founded in 1981 in response to the Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios , Inc. case , the group has more recently urged the U.S. Congress and Federal Communications Commission to prevent for-profit corporations and their trade organizations ( like the MPAA and RIAA ) from eroding or even destroying the private , in-home fair use of new digital audio and video technologies , such as DTV , HDTV , DAB , DVD and others .

neg: Demo (music) A demo ( from `` demonstration '' ) is a song or group of songs recorded for limited circulation or reference use rather than for general public release . A demo is a way for a musician to approximate their ideas in a fixed format , such as cassette tape , compact disc , or digital audio files , and to thereby pass along those ideas to record labels , record producers , or to other artists .   Musicians often use demos as quick sketches to share with bandmates or arrangers or simply for personal reference during the songwriting process ; in other cases a songwriter might make a demo to send to artists in hopes of having the song professionally recorded , or a music publisher may need a simple recording for publishing or copyright purposes .

neg: Going Deaf for a Living Going Deaf for a Living is a 1980 album by Fischer-Z . This was the second album by Fischer-Z featuring the `` classic line-up '' . The guitar on this album was made more prominent , after their rather keyboard prominent debut . This album , as well the following Red Skies Over Paradise , are considered by fans as the best work to be produced by Fischer-Z . The album featured the singles `` Room Service '' , `` Crazy Girl '' , `` Limbo '' and the most popular `` So Long '' , which hit # 72 in the UK singles chart , # 15 in Australia and # 26 in the Netherlands .   `` So Long '' was the first single by Fischer-Z to have a video made for it , and still garners regular airplay on radio stations in Europe .

neg: The Humans (band) The Humans are a rock band featuring singer Toyah Willcox , former REM drummer Bill Rieflin and musician Chris Wong . The band have released three studio albums , We Are The Humans , Sugar Rush and Strange Tales , and have performed live in the UK , Estonia and the USA .   The Humans were formed in 2007 when musician Robert Fripp , who is married to Toyah Willcox , was invited to play a short tour in Estonia . Fripp decided to decline the invitation because he was retired . Willcox then contacted the Estonian Embassy , who had issued the invitation , and offered to put an act together for the tour . On acceptance by the Embassy , Willcox then contacted friend and former R.E.M musician , Bill Rieflin and suggested a collaboration and to '' ... do something that is just completely off the wall -LSB- with -RSB- just one bass and a voice '' . Rieflin and Willcox hired musician and musical director Chris Wong , who had previously worked with Willcox on her solo music tours and concerts , and The Humans three-piece outfit was complete .   The band released their debut album We are the Humans on 1 May 2009 . The release was celebrated with a concert at the Tartu Music Festival , where the band was joined by Fripp on guitar .   The Humans released their second album Sugar Rush on 27 September 2011 . A third , digital-only , album entitled Strange Tales was released worldwide in March 2014 . A UK tour , Telling Strange Tales , is scheduled for April 2015 .

neg: Easy Listening for the Hard of Hearing Easy Listening for the Hard of Hearing is a collaboration album between Boyd Rice and Frank Tovey , recorded in 1981 , but released in 1984 on Mute Records , and is composed on 12 tracks labeled `` extractions '' 1-12 . Each extraction is a minimalist noise song , none of which use any conventional musical instruments . Instead the two use various everyday objects , a gas fire , water pipes and any furniture that happened to be lying around Blackwing Studios as instruments .

neg: Condition Hüman Condition Hüman is the fifteenth studio album by American progressive heavy metal band Queensrÿche . It was released on October 2 , 2015 through Century Media . It is the second studio album recorded with vocalist Todd La Torre , after Geoff Tate was fired from the band and gave up the rights to the name after a two-year lawsuit regarding the rights to the Queensrÿche brand was amicably settled .   The album 's first single , `` Arrow of Time , '' became available for streaming on July 20 , 2015 , the day the album 's title and release date were announced . It was recorded in early 2015 at Uberbeatz Studios in Washington and produced by Chris `` Zeuss '' Harris .

neg: Human Radio Human Radio is an American rock band originally from Memphis , Tennessee . The group was formed in late 1988 by lead singer Ross Rice , and in 1990 they released a self-titled LP on Columbia Records . The single `` Me and Elvis '' was a hit in the US , reaching # 32 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . The band did a club tour of the U.S. , plus a residency in New England , before closing with a SRO show at The Lone Star Roadhouse in NYC . When the subsequent release of the second single was cancelled , the departure of the band from Columbia was inevitable .   After moving to Nashville , the group broke with Columbia and recorded demos while searching for a new label . After two more years of touring -- mostly in the Southeast US -- with an unreleased second record , the band called it quits in 1992 . To honor their Memphis roots and fans , Human Radio played a farewell show at The South End in Memphis , the bar where they got their start . Rice went on to record a solo album called Umpteen in 1997 . Steve Arnold later went on to tour as bass guitarist with Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt on their `` Double Trouble '' tour .   More recently , the group 's Facebook page indicated that they had been `` in a room trying to find brand new music together . '' An October 4th , 2013 entry read , in part :   `` Good week in Nashville with Human Radio , getting solid with what we have already , finding some new things in combustion mode . Moving slowly towards an inevitable future . ''   On May 9th , 2015 the band played a well-received reunion gig at The Basement in Nashville . A successful Indiegogo campaign later in 2015 resulted in the independent production of Samsara ( Human Radio Records , 2016 ) with all new material written and performed by all original members of the band .

neg: International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music The International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music ( EMDoku ) is an extensive online database , which contains detailed information on over 33000 works , 7000 authors as well as media ( CD , DVD , tape , etc. ) , labels and studios . Electroacoustic music is understood as an umbrella term for tape music , acousmatic music , electronic music , musique concrète , field recordings , computer music , radio art , sound art , sound installations , live electronics etc. , and includes performances and venues such as concert hall , radio , film , installation , media and internet .   The EMDoku is available in three forms on the internet :  as a static HTML site ( German , English , French , Spanish , Russian )  as a relational database with web interface  as a relational database over a TCP/IP-based network sharing   In addition to music and media science research , the documentation is intended to enable historically informed performance practice and interpretation research . It is considered as an `` essential initiative '' for the preservation of electroacoustic music .

neg: Audio signal An audio signal is a representation of sound , typically as an electrical voltage . Audio signals have frequencies in the audio frequency range of roughly 20 to 20,000 Hz ( the limits of human hearing ) . Audio signals may be synthesized directly , or may originate at a transducer such as a microphone , musical instrument pickup , phonograph cartridge , or tape head . Loudspeakers or headphones convert an electrical audio signal into sound . Digital representations of audio signals exist in a variety of formats .   An audio channel or audio track is an audio signal communications channel in a storage device , used in operations such as multi-track recording and sound reinforcement .

neg: Boz Scaggs (album) Boz Scaggs is the second album by Boz Scaggs ; it was released in 1969 . After two years with the Steve Miller Band , Scaggs once again set out on his own , recording at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield , Alabama . The other musicians on the album include Duane Allman , Eddie Hinton , Jimmy Johnson , Barry Beckett , David Hood , Roger Hawkins and Al Lester . It was produced by Rolling Stone founder and editor Jann Wenner , Scaggs and Marlin Greene .   The album ( SD-8239 ) sold slowly despite positive reviews . Originally mixed by Stax Records ' engineer Terry Manning , it remained in the catalogue for a number of years and was deleted around 1974 or 1975 .   In 1977 the album was remixed in Los Angeles by Tom Perry and was released by Atlantic ( SD-19166 ) in 1978 to spotlight Duane Allman 's guitar playing , with the same cover art . As well as the guitar , the remix brings several things forward in the mix such as horns and keyboards while burying the background vocals ; there is also an odd 30-second volume drop at the end of `` Finding Her '' . This remix was the only complete version of the album available on CD until the Audio Fidelity remastered release of December 2013 , which restored Manning 's original master mix in its entirety .   In 2008 , the album was reissued by Friday Music on a 180 gram vinyl LP using Manning 's original mix for the first time since the album was originally released .   In a 2012 updated list , the album listed at # 496 on the Rolling Stone 's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time .   In 2015 , UK Edsel Records reissued with two mixes in a 2-CD set , but amazingly , Edsel mislabeled the discs ( `` 1977 remixed '' plays `` 1969 original version '' ) ! As of 2017 , this has apparently not been corrected .

neg: Field recording Field recording is the term used for an audio recording produced outside a recording studio , and the term applies to recordings of both natural and human-produced sounds .   Field recording of natural sounds , also called phonography ( a term chosen to illustrate its similarities to photography ) , was originally developed as a documentary adjunct to research work in the field , and foley work for film . With the introduction of high-quality , portable recording equipment , it has subsequently become an evocative artform in itself . In the 1970s , both processed and natural phonographic recordings , ( pioneered by Irv Teibel 's Environments series ) , became popular .   `` Field recordings '' may also refer to simple monaural or stereo recordings taken of musicians in familiar and casual surroundings , such as the ethnomusicology recordings pioneered by John Lomax , Nonesuch Records , and Vanguard Records .

neg: CIMP Creative Improvised Music Projects , usually abbreviated CIMP or C.I.M.P. , is an American jazz record company and label . It is associated with Cadence Magazine and Cadence Jazz Records . The label is noted for its minimal use of electronic processing and its spare microphoning technique . Bob Rusch founded CIMP in 1995 , with his son Marc Rusch as the recording engineer and his daughter Kara Rusch producing cover art .   The label recorded its first session in 1995 for an album that featured Evan Parker , Barry Guy , Paul Lytton , and Joe McPhee . From the beginning , the it has concentrated on avant-garde jazz . Its catalogue includes Marshall Allen , Herb Robertson , Paul Smoker , Glenn Spearman , and Steve Swell . Most of its releases are recorded in its own studio in Rossie , New York .   Eighteen compilations of music released on the label have been released , titled the Cimposium series .

neg: Tape recorder An audio tape recorder , tape deck or tape machine is an analog audio storage device that records and plays back sounds , including articulated voices , usually using magnetic tape , either wound on a reel or in a cassette , for storage . In its present-day form , it records a fluctuating signal by moving the tape across a tape head that polarizes the magnetic domains in the tape in proportion to the audio signal . Tape-recording devices include reel-to-reel tape deck and the cassette deck .   The use of magnetic tape for sound recording originated around 1930 . Magnetizable tape revolutionized both the radio broadcast and music recording industries . It gave artists and producers the power to record and re-record audio with minimal loss in quality as well as edit and rearrange recordings with ease . The alternative recording technologies of the era , transcription discs and wire recorders , could not provide anywhere near this level of quality and functionality . Since some early refinements improved the fidelity of the reproduced sound , magnetic tape has been the highest quality analog sound recording medium available . As of the first decade of the 21st century , analog magnetic tape has been largely replaced by digital recording technologies for consumer purposes , although some still record audio by analog .   Prior to the development of magnetic tape , magnetic wire recorders had successfully demonstrated the concept of magnetic recording , but they never offered audio quality comparable to the other recording and broadcast standards of the time . Some individuals and organizations developed innovative uses for magnetic wire recorders while others investigated variations of the technology . One particularly important variation was the application of an oxide powder to a long strip of paper . This German invention was the start of a long string of innovations that have led to present day magnetic tape recordings .

neg: Human Being (album) Human Being is the third album by Seal , released in 1998 . The title track was written about late rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. Human Being received mixed reviews ranging from being panned for its overtly dark and moody feel , to being described in terms such as `` pop perfection '' . The album failed to sell in the same way as his 1994 multi-platinum album , Seal . However , it is a fan favourite and was inspired by his then-girlfriend , Tyra Banks and their breakup .   A remix of `` Lost My Faith '' was featured over the closing credits of the 1999 film Entrapment , and the song 's single release was accompanied by a music video in which Seal is integrated into scenes from the film alongside Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones .   The album sold over 500,000 copies worldwide .

neg: My Dream – African Sounds My Dream -- African Sounds is a 2008 release by the South African groups Ladysmith Black Mambazo and the SABC Choir . It was released on 30 September 2008 . The album is a collaboration of both isicathamiya and choral music .   My Dream -- African Sounds features songs composed by Mambazo founder , lead singer , and director Joseph Shabalala , and leader of the SABC Choir Thulasizwe Nkabinde . Original Mambazo songs ( such as `` Iqome Kanjani '' , `` Shintsha Sithothobala '' , and `` Angimboni Ofana Naye '' ) as well as SABC Choir standards ( like `` Plea for Africa '' , `` Uhembelinye '' , and `` Buya Lindiwe '' ) are included on the album , which melds both Zulu vocal music ( isicathamiya ) -- made famous by Mambazo -- and gospel choral musics by having both groups sing each song together . The one exception is `` Okuhle Hle '' , sung entirely by Mambazo .   The album came together when Mambazo were on tour in the US in March 2007 ; South African Broadcasting Corporation executive Joyce Dube saw the group in a New York City performance and approached them with the idea of recording a gospel/traditional album with the SABC Choir . Arrangements were made , and the album began to come together a year later in the South African Downtown Studios .

neg: Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases .   At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more .   Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . ''   So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) .   Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog .   Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' .   Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark .   The Music of Life catalog includes songs from :   M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1  Thrashpack  She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo )  Daddy Freddy  Asher D  Tenor Fly  Nitty Gritty  Derek B  Hijack  Hardnoise  3 Knights  DJ Daddy  Leslie Lyrics  Norman Cook  Paul Oakenfold  George Clinton  Simon Harris ( label founder )  Einstein  Ambassadors of Funk  Afrika Bambaataa  Demon Boyz  Professor Griff  Clyde Stubblefield  Killa Instinct  S.L. Troopers  First Frontal Assault  Kobalt 60  Overlord X

neg: Legal issues surrounding music sampling Music sampling is the subject of many legal disputes , chiefly in the realm of copyright law as it applies to musical compositions and sound recordings .   Early sampling artists simply used portions of other artists ' recordings without permission , but once music incorporating samples began to make significant money , some sampled artists , publishers , and record companies began to take legal action , claiming copyright infringement . Sometimes , after the threat or initiation of a lawsuit , such disputes are settled out of court , often with the sampling artist obtaining a license at considerable cost and making other concessions to appease the aggrieved party ; other times , the sampling artist contests the infringement claims , such as by arguing in court that the copyright law does not cover their particular use of the work . The outcome of these court cases , primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom , have shaped common law , defining ways statutory law -- which does not directly cover sampling -- can be applied to sampling disputes .   In accordance to the United States constitution , the laws of copyright permit a number of rights to authors so that they may `` Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts . '' This principle brings to light the true reason for copyright law - to develop boundaries economically and legally where learning , science , and culture can progress .


query: Heinrich Himmler was Chief of German Police.

pos: Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( -LSB- ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈluˑɪtˌpɔlt ˈhɪmlɐ -RSB- ; 7 October 1900 -- 23 May 1945 ) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel ( Protection Squadron ; SS ) , and a leading member of the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) of Germany . Nazi leader Adolf Hitler briefly appointed him a military commander and later Commander of the Replacement ( Home ) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich ( Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung ) . Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and one of the people most directly responsible for the Holocaust .   As a member of a reserve battalion during World War I , Himmler did not see active service . He studied agronomy in college , and joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925 . In 1929 , he was appointed Reichsführer-SS by Hitler . Over the next 16 years , he developed the SS from a mere 290-man battalion into a million-strong paramilitary group , and , following Hitler 's orders , set up and controlled the Nazi concentration camps . He was known to have good organisational skills and for selecting highly competent subordinates , such as Reinhard Heydrich in 1931 . From 1943 onwards , he was both Chief of German Police and Minister of the Interior , overseeing all internal and external police and security forces , including the Gestapo ( Secret State Police ) . Himmler had a lifelong interest in occultism , interpreting Germanic neopagan and Völkisch beliefs to promote the racial policy of Nazi Germany , and incorporating esoteric symbolism and rituals into the SS .   On Hitler 's behalf , Himmler formed the Einsatzgruppen and built extermination camps . As facilitator and overseer of the concentration camps , Himmler directed the killing of some six million Jews , between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani people , and other victims ; the total number of civilians killed by the regime is estimated at eleven to fourteen million people . Most of them were Polish and Soviet citizens .   Late in World War II , Hitler charged Himmler with the command of the Army Group Upper Rhine and the Army Group Vistula ; he failed to achieve his assigned objectives and Hitler replaced him in these posts . Realising that the war was lost , he attempted to open peace talks with the western Allies without Hitler 's knowledge shortly before the war ended . Hearing of this , Hitler dismissed him from all his posts in April 1945 and ordered his arrest . Himmler attempted to go into hiding , but was detained and then arrested by British forces once his identity became known . While in British custody , he committed suicide on 23 May 1945 .

neg: Einsatzgruppe Serbia Einsatzgruppe Serbia ( EG Serbia ) , initially named Einsatzgruppe Yugoslavia ( EG Yugoslavia ) , was a German Schutzstaffel ( SS ) grouping in the German-occupied territory of Serbia during World War II . Directly responsible to the Reich Main Security Office ( Reichssicherheitshauptamt , RSHA ) in Berlin , EG Serbia consisted of representatives of the various offices ( -LSB- Ämter , links = no -RSB- ) of the RSHA , particularly Amt IV , the Gestapo ( Secret State Police ) , Amt V , the Kriminalpolizei ( Criminal Police , or Kripo ) , and Amt VI , the Ausland-Sicherheitsdienst ( Foreign Intelligence Service , or Ausland-SD ) . It also controlled the 64th Reserve Police Battalion of the Ordnungspolizei ( Order Police , Orpo ) . While formally responsible to the Military Commander in Serbia via the head of the administrative branch of the military headquarters of the occupied territory , the chief of EG Serbia reported directly to his superiors in Berlin .

neg: Liberation of Strasbourg The Liberation of Strasbourg constituted the dramatically symbolic high point for the rehabilitation of the honor of French armed forces as the Allies advanced across France toward Germany in 1944 . Alsace , of which Strasbourg is the capital , had been the focus of French-German enmity since the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , and General Charles de Gaulle insisted that only French forces should retake it . After the victory of Kufra , General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque and his troops swore an oath to fight until `` our flag flies over the Cathedral of Strasbourg '' . The oath was fulfilled on 23 November 1944 , when the 2nd French Armoured Division under Leclerc 's command liberated Strasbourg .   On November 22 , 1944 , the hard-fighting French 2nd Armored Division , along with the French First Army , had been assigned the capture of Strasbourg by Allied Supreme Command . That same day , the 2nd Armored moved up to the vital pass at Saverne , which had been taken by the Americans , about 40 km northwest of Strasbourg . This Saverne `` gap '' is the historic gateway through the barrier of the Vosges Mountains , opening a line of advance on Strasbourg .   On November 23 , 1944 , units of the French 2nd Armored Division entered the city and raised the Free French tricolore over Strasbourg cathedral at 2:30 pm .   The German collective memory of the battle is rather more bleak . In Ardennes : 1944 , Antony Beevor states that the Battle for Strasbourg was one of the more `` inglorious episodes '' in German military history with a collapse of the Wehrmacht defense that was both premature and ignominious . It was hastened by a panic of senior Nazi leadership as many officials fled prior to the Allied push . This led to a general demoralization of Heer , Waffen-SS , and Luftwaffe ground forces as well as a breakdown in discipline . He states : ″ `` The SS had looted Strasbourg before withdrawing . According to one general defending the town , soldiers ordered to ` fight to the last round ' tended to throw away most of their ammunition before the battle , so they could claim that they ran out and then surrender . Generalmajor Vaterrodt , the ( Heer ) commander , was scornful about the behaviour of senior officers and Nazi Party officials . ` I 'm surprised that Himmler did not have anyone hanged in Strasbourg , ' he told fellow officers after he had been captured . ` Everyone ran away , Kreisleiter , Ortsgruppenleiter , the municipal authorities , the mayor and the deputy mayor , they all took to their heels , government officials - all fled ... ' '' . The Alsatian-born Chief Magistrate also fled towards Germany on foot with a backpack - as he had signed many death warrants and collaborated within the German occupation system and was a marked man .   Result   The rapid Liberation of Strasbourg by General LeClerc 's 2nd Armored Division produced a torrent of joy in the newly liberated French nation and was a hugely symbolic victory for the French people and the Western Allies in general . LeClerc was well respected and liked by his American contemporaries , unlike some other French commanders . The Liberation and Tricolore raised over the Cathedral was considered to be the last major objective in the Liberation of France . Unfortunately the Allies were unable to quickly seize on the German collapse . While fuel shortages and the increasing difficulty of supporting armies with lengthening supply lines played a role , General Dwight D. Eisenhower 's lack-of-interest in his southern flank largely doomed any further exploitation around Strasbourg . The commander of the American 6th Army Group , General Jacob L. Devers , believed he could cross the Rhine quickly at Rastatt thereby seizing a bridgehead . But Devers ' ambitious nature and aggressive personality somewhat alienated other commanders such as Eisenhower , and he failed to convince The Supreme Commander of his plan .   A potential bridgehead at Rastatt , had it been quickly seized , would more than likely have secured the southern flank and would have severally disrupted the coming German offensive in the Ardennes . But Eisenhower never seriously considered the opportunity as he seemed fixated on a more direct route to Berlin . As a result , Strasbourg would become threatened during the German Wacht am Rhein offensive known as The Battle of the Bulge in the West . In early January 1945 , the German counteroffensive into France known as Operation Nordwind was quickly contained , but not before both Eisenhower and Devers considered a general withdrawal from Alsace , which would have left Strasbourg undefended . The French Provisional Government considered this an anathema as it was , in General de Gaulle 's words , ( potentially ) `` a national disaster '' . In addition to this , hundreds-of-thousands of Alsatians would be subjected to German reprisals . The talk of a strategic withdrawal was also a blow to morale of the American VI Corps that had fought hard and suffered many casualties securing the area . In response General Charles de Gaulle threatened to pull his forces out of the overall SHAEF Command creating a serious row with Eisenhower . With the support of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , de Gaulle won over Ike after a contentious argument . Strasbourg was not to be abandoned as the order to withdraw to the east of the Vosges Mountains was rescinded - boosting VI Corps ' morale . The German advance was halted in desperate fighting about 40 kilometers west of Strasbourg and Operation Norwind became another disaster for the German Heer and Waffen-SS with precious divisions reduced .

neg: Heinrich Fleißner Heinrich Fleissner ( born 27 May 1888 in Hirschberg , Thuringia , died 22 April 1959 in Leipzig ) was a German politician ( USPD / SPD / SED ) , and chief of police in Leipzig .

neg: Belarusian Auxiliary Police The Belarusian Auxiliary Police ( Беларуская дапаможная паліцыя , Biełaruskaja dapamožnaja palicyja -LSB- Schutzmannschaft , Weißruthenische Schutzmannschaften , or Hilfspolizei -RSB- ) was established in July 1941 . Staffed by local inhabitants , it had similar functions to those of the German Ordnungspolizei ( OrPo ) in occupied territories . The activities of the formation were supervised by defense police departments , local commandants ' offices , and garrison commandants . The units consisted of one police officer for every 100 rural inhabitants and one police officer for every 300 urban inhabitants . The OD was in charge of guard duty , and included both stationary and mobile posts plus groups of orderlies . It was subordinate to the defense police leadership .

neg: Gestapo–NKVD conferences The Gestapo -- NKVD conferences were a series of security police meetings organized in late 1939 and early 1940 by Germany and the Soviet Union , following their joint invasion of Poland in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet alliance . The meetings enabled both parties to pursue specific goals and aims as outlined independently by Hitler and Stalin , with regard to the acquired , formerly Polish territories . The conferences were held by the Gestapo and the NKVD officials in several Polish cities . In spite of their differences on other issues , both Heinrich Himmler and Lavrentiy Beria had similar objectives as far as the fate of the prewar Poland was concerned .   The attack on Poland ended with the Nazi -- Soviet victory parade in Brześć , which was held on 22 September 1939 . Brześć was the location of the first Nazi-Soviet meeting organized on 27 September 1939 , in which the prisoner exchange was decided prior to the signing of mutual agreements in Moscow a day later . In the following month , the Gestapo and the NKVD met in Lwów to discuss the fate of civilian populations during radical reorganization of the annexed territories . They met again in occupied Przemyśl at the end of November , because Przemyśl was a border crossing between the two invaders . The next series of meetings began in December 1939 , a month after the first transfer of Polish prisoners of war . The conferences were held in occupied Kraków in the General Government on 6 -- 7 December 1939 ; and continued for the next two days in the resort town of Zakopane in the Tatra Mountains of southern Poland ( 100 km from Kraków ) on 8 -- 9 December 1939 . The Zakopane Conference is the most remembered . From the Soviet side , several higher officers of the NKVD secret police participated in the meetings , while the German hosts provided a group of experts from the Gestapo .

neg: Schrecklichkeit Schrecklichkeit ( German `` terror '' or `` frightfulness '' ) is a word used by English speakers to describe an assumed military policy of the German Army towards civilians in World War I.  It was the basis of German actions during their march through Belgium in 1914 . Similar policies were followed later in France , the Russian-held area of Poland , and in Russia .   Under the traditional `` laws of war '' in Europe , military activity was to be confined to the regular , uniformed armies of each side . Civilians were to take no part in fighting , neither attacking or being attacked . Thus , when the uniformed army troops in a nation or region were all defeated , resistance was supposed to end . In practice , informal resistance by `` partisans '' , `` guerrillas '' , or `` francs-tireurs '' often continued after the `` regular '' troops had given up or withdrawn . These fighters , never officially enrolled in an army , and not wearing uniforms to identify them as combatants , attacked occupying troops by ambushes , surprises , and sniping . Conducting such operations out of uniform was considered perfidy , and those involved could be executed .   Occupying armies sometimes responded to such attacks by reprisals against the local population : execution of local inhabitants , whether known to be guerrillas or not , or destruction ( usually by burning ) of homes and other structures .   German army doctrine in force at the time called for such reprisals to be performed immediately and severely in any case of civilian resistance . It was argued that such schrecklichkeit would end resistance quickly with relatively little bloodshed , whereas restraint would encourage resistance , leading to greater destruction and death .   When Germany invaded Belgium in 1914 , the German high command expected to sweep through the country with negligible opposition . The German army was many times larger and stronger than the Belgian army , and the Germans therefore thought that any resistance by Belgium would be futile . German leaders had even suggested to the Belgian government that in the event of war , the Belgians should just line up along the roads and watch the Germans march through . Belgium 's refusal to accept these German presumptions and its resistance to the German advance came as a surprise , and disrupted the German timetable for advancing into France .   This frustration was communicated to the German troops in Belgium . Anything which delayed the German advance was to be crushed mercilessly . The Belgians were viewed as irrational and even treacherous for their opposition .   This led to exaggerated suspicions among German commanders of Belgian civilian resistance . It is possible that some Belgian civilians engaged in resistance , though none is documented . It is certain that on several occasions , German commanders declared ( probably in unconscious error ) that such acts had occurred when they had not .   The Germans responded to these perceived acts of resistance with harsh measures . In several villages and towns , hundreds of civilians were executed . Many buildings were put to the torch . Priests thought guilty of encouraging the resistance were killed . Violence by German soldiers against Belgians , such as rape , was ignored or not seriously punished . The Belgian city of Leuven was largely destroyed . One German officer later wrote about the town , `` We shall wipe it out ... Not one stone will stand upon another . We will teach them to respect Germany . For generations people will come here and see what we have done '' .   These actions , taken in a period of near-panic as the German forces desperately tried to carry out their flanking march before Allied forces could respond , proved to be a propaganda disaster for Germany . The reports of them caused a wave of indignation which aided the Allied cause .

neg: Minister of Intra-German Relations The Federal Minister of Intra-German Relations ( Bundesminister für innerdeutsche Beziehungen ) was a federal cabinet minister of the Federal Republic of Germany ( West Germany ) . The office was created under the title of Federal Minister of All-German Affairs ( Bundesminister für gesamtdeutsche Fragen ) in 1949 , being also in charge of the German lands east of the Oder -- Neisse line which had been put under Polish or Soviet administration . In 1951 , the first Minister of All-German Affairs Jakob Kaiser openly raised claim to even greater territories including Austria , parts of Switzerland , the Saar area and Alsace-Lorraine .   The ministry was renamed in 1969 because `` All German '' might have evoked irredentist associations . The change of the name was supported by left and right wing politicians .   The ministry was abolished in 1991 when a new government was established after the federal election of December 1990 , some months after German reunification , having supported the transition .   Since West Germany maintained an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , and the legal pretense that the authorities of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) or Soviet occupation zone ( SBZ ) should not be recognized , it could not handle relations with East Germany through the Federal Foreign Office , since this would acknowledge that the GDR was a separate country . Hence , a separate ministry for relations within Germany had to be created . Since this ministry had very limited competence and virtually no political power , it soon became a post used by chancellors to block rivals without publicly offending them . One of the main tasks of the ministry was the publication of information material about the situation in the East , to keep the idea of German unity alive and to inform the public about actions of the East German government .   When German reunification became a possibility after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the opening of the inner German border on 9 November 1989 , the ministry was completely disempowered by Chancellor Helmut Kohl ; all intra-German affairs were now handled by the Ministry of the Interior under Wolfgang Schäuble . Formally , the ministry continued to exist until 1991 in order to facilitate transition .

neg: Herbert Mehlhorn Georg Herbert Mehlhorn ( 24 March 1903 -- 30 October 1968 ) was an SS Oberführer , Nazi legal expert , and Gestapo official . Mehlhorn was involved in the camouflage of the mass graves of the Jewish victims in the forest of the Chełmno extermination camp . He operated gas wagons at the Chełmno camp to murder the sick Jewish prisoners who were sent from the Wartheland ghettoes . He was also a director of Stiftung Nordhav , a front organization of the Sicherheitsdienst founded in 1939 by Reinhard Heydrich , one of the main architects of the Holocaust . He was the mentor of SS-Brigadeführer Walter Schellenberg while at the SS-Hauptamt .

neg: Werner Braune Karl Rudolf Werner Braune ( 11 April 1909 , Mehrstedt , Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt − 7 June 1951 , Landsberg Prison , Landsberg am Lech , Bavaria ) was a German member of the Nazi police and military organization known as the Schutzstaffel , or , more commonly , by its German initials , SS . He held the rank of Obersturmbannführer . During the course of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union , which began on 22 June 1941 , Braune was the commander of Special Detachment ( Sonderkommando or Einsatzkommando ) 11b , which was in turn part of a Special Purpose Unit D . This unit , and three others similarly organized , have since come to be known by their German name of Einsatzgruppen . As commander of Special Detachment 11b , Braune organized and conducted mass murders of Jews in German-occupied areas of southern Ukraine and in the Crimea . For his role in these crimes , Braune was tried before the Nuremberg Military Tribunal in 1948 in the Einsatzgruppen trial . He was sentenced to death , and in 1951 was executed by hanging .

neg: Heinrich Schmidt (politician) Heinrich Schmidt ( December 13 , 1902 -- December 20 , 1960 ) was a Nazi German politician and mayor of Hildesheim , Germany . He was also a member of the Prussian State Parliament and the National Socialist Reichstag .

neg: Emanuel Schäfer Emanuel Schäfer ( April 20 , 1900 -- December 4 , 1974 ) was a high-ranking SS functionary ( SS-Oberführer ) and a protégé of Reinhard Heydrich in Nazi Germany .   Born in 1900 , Schäfer served in World War I. Post-war , he participated in far-right Freikorps groups such as the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt and from 1925 -- 28 , the Stahlhelm ( Steel Helmet ) .   Schäfer joined the paramilitary Sturmabteilung ( SA ) in 1933 . He was an active member of the Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ) , the SS security service , in 1933 , and entered the SS in September 1936 .   During World War II , Schäfer was head of the Nazi security police in Serbia . Between January and May 1942 , Schäfer supervised the murder by gassing of around 7,300 Jews from the Semlin camp across the Sava river from Belgrade . A Saurer gas van was used to kill the 7,300 . A further 1200 Jews died as a result of the camp 's harsh conditions , or from executions . The van was used for the last time on 10th May 1942 . In May 1942 , Schäfer sent a cable to the Reich Main Security Office boasting `` with pride '' that `` Belgrade was the only great city in Europe that was free of Jews . ''   In Germany after the war , Schäfer was sentenced to six and a half years in prison for his crimes during the war . He died in 1974 .

neg: Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction or Red Army Fraction ( RAF ; German : ) , in its early stages commonly known as the Baader-Meinhof Group or Baader-Meinhof Gang , was a West German far-left terrorist group supported by the Stasi . The RAF was founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader , Gudrun Ensslin , Horst Mahler , and Ulrike Meinhof . The West German government considered the Red Army Faction to be a terrorist organization . `` June 24 , 1976 The West German parliament passes legislation integrating § 129a . which illegalizes ` supporting or participating in a terrorist organization , ' into the Basic Law . '' ; `` Dümlein Christine , ... Joined the RAF in 1980 , ... the only crime she was guilty of was membership in a terrorist organization '' .   The Red Army Faction engaged in a series of bombings , assassinations , kidnappings , bank robberies , and shoot-outs with police over the course of three decades . Their activity peaked in late 1977 , which led to a national crisis that became known as the `` German Autumn . '' The RAF has been held responsible for thirty-four deaths , including many secondary targets , such as chauffeurs and bodyguards , as well as many injuries throughout its almost thirty years of activity . Although better-known , the RAF conducted fewer attacks than the Revolutionary Cells ( Revolutionäre Zellen , RZ ) , which is held responsible for 296 bomb attacks , arson and other attacks between 1973 and 1995 .   Although Ulrike Meinhof was not considered to be a leader of the RAF at any time , her involvement in Baader 's escape from jail in 1970 and her well-known status as a German journalist and intellectual led to her name becoming closely associated to it in the public discourse .  There were three successive incarnations of the organization :  the `` first generation '' which consisted of Baader , Meinhof and their associates ,  the `` second generation '' RAF , which operated in the mid - to late 1970s after several former members of the Socialist Patients ' Collective joined , and  the `` third generation '' RAF , which existed in the 1980s and 1990s .   On 20 April 1998 , an eight-page typewritten letter in German was faxed to the Reuters news agency , signed `` RAF '' with the submachine-gun red star , declaring that the group had dissolved . However , in January 2016 , German police identified three RAF members as being the perpetrators of an assault on an armored truck transporting $ 1 million , thus fueling suspicion that RAF might be active again .

neg: Landespolizei thumb | German police officer in Hamburg   Landespolizei ( -LSB- ˌlandəspoliˈt͡saɪ -RSB- , State police ) is the term used to refer to all police of any one of the states of Germany .

neg: Ideology of the SS The ideology espoused by the Schutzstaffel ( `` Protection Squadron '' ; SS ) , a paramilitary force and instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany , emphasized a racist vision of `` racial purity '' , antisemitism , and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany .   SS men were indoctrinated with the belief they were members of a `` master race '' . The ideology of the SS was , even more so than in Nazism in general , built on the belief in a superior `` Aryan race '' . This led to the SS playing the main role in political violence and crimes against humanity , including the Holocaust and `` mercy killing '' of those with congenital illnesses . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , the SS and Nazi Party were found to be criminal organizations at the Nuremberg Trials .

neg: Karl Eberhard Schöngarth __ NOTOC __  Karl Georg Eberhard Schöngarth ( 22 April 1903 -- 16 May 1946 ) or Niclause Overby was a member of the SS of Nazi Germany . He was a war criminal who perpetrated mass murder and genocide in occupied Poland during the Holocaust .   Schöngarth was born in Leipzig , Saxony . In 1933 he became a member of the SD Intelligence Service of the SS . During the German attack on Poland he was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer and served as Senior Inspector of SiPo Security Police in Dresden . In January 1941 he was sent to Kraków , Poland , as Senior Commander of the SiPo and SD . During the time Schöngarth was stationed in Kraków , he formed several Einsatzgruppen ( Special Action Groups ) in Warsaw , Radom , and Lublin , with the intention of perpetrating massacres . He was responsible for the murder of up to 10,000 Jewish citizens between July and September 1941 and the massacre of Lviv professors behind the frontline of Operation Barbarossa in the Soviet Union . Schöngarth attended the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942 , along with Dr. Rudolf Lange ( Einsatzgruppen A ) , who had also participated in the Holocaust . From early July 1944 until the end of war he worked as Commander of the Gestapo in the Netherlands .   Schöngarth was captured by the allies at the end of the war in Europe . After an investigation into his background , he was charged with the crime of murdering a downed Allied pilot ( on 21 November 1944 ) and tried by a British Military Court in Burgsteinfurt . He was found guilty of this war crime on 11 February 1946 and sentenced to death by hanging . Schöngarth was executed by Albert Pierrepoint on 16 May 1946 at Hameln Prison .

neg: German federal election, 1928 Federal elections were held in Germany on 20 May 1928 . The Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 153 of the 491 seats . Voter turnout was 75.6 % .   The only two parties to gain significantly were the SPD , who polled almost a third of votes , and the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) , completing a thorough victory of the left wing . However , although the SPD now had 153 seats , it still failed to gain a clear majority , resulting in another coalition government led by Hermann Müller . Following his appointment , Müller , who had already been Germany 's Chancellor for 4 months in 1920 , created a grand coalition of members of the SPD , the German Democratic Party , the Centre Party and the German People 's Party . The coalition was plagued by internal divisions right from the beginning , with each party more concerned with their self-interest than the interest of the government and eventually Müller asked President Paul von Hindenburg for emergency powers . When Hindenburg refused , Müller resigned , marking the end of the ` last genuinely democratic government of the Weimar Republic ' on 27 March 1930 .   The recently-reformed Nazi Party contested the elections after the ban on the party was lifted in 1925 . However , the party received less than 3 % of the vote and won just 12 seats in the Reichstag . Adolf Hitler , who had been incarcerated in Landsberg prison for his involvement in the Beer Hall Putsch until Christmas 1924 , had concentrated on re-establishing himself as the leader of the Nazi Party following his release rather than on the party 's electability .

neg: Feuerschutzpolizei For the article on firefighters with police powers see : Fire police   Feuerschutzpolizei ( literally : Fire Protection Police ) was a firefighter unit in Nazi Germany and a branch of  Nazi Germany 's Ordnungspolizei , formed in 1938 when the German municipal professional fire brigades were transferred to the national police . The previously red fire vehicles , blue uniforms and fire service ranks were replaced by green fire vehicles , green uniforms and police ranks .

neg: Operation Clausewitz Operation Clausewitz was the codeword initiation of the defence of Berlin plan by Nazi Germany during the final stage of the European conflict of World War II , the Battle of Berlin . Clausewitz was established in the 9 March 1945 document , Basic Order for the Preparations for the Defense of the Reich Capital ( Grundsätzlicher Befehl für die Vorbereitungen zur Verteidigung der Reichshauptstadt ) , a 33 page document containing 24 separate points . The second point of the document , in full ( translated ) is : `` The Reich capital will be defended to the last man and to the last bullet . '' It has been referred to as the Nazis ' last stand against the Soviets .   The document divided the city of Berlin into 9 operational defense zones ( A through H , as slices of the outer city of Berlin and Z , its center , corresponding to the government district ) . It further divided the region into four concentric rings : an outer exclusion zone , extending well past Berlin 's city limits ; an outer defense zone extending roughly to the city limits ; an inner defense zone extending out to the Berlin Ringbahn ; and the Citadel ( Zitadelle ) , again , zone Z . In addition to the establishment of defense zones , this document also described the overall mechanism by which Berlin would be converted to a front line city . This included :  The evacuation of all Wehrmacht and SS offices in Berlin  Evacuation of the central command post of the capital from General Command on Hohenzollerndamm to L-Tower of the Zoo bunker no more than six hours after the issuance of Clausewitz  The imposition of martial law for the civilian populace , and offenses under which the death penalty was authorized  Hitler ordered the execution of Fall Clausewitz on 20 April 1945 . This set into motion preparedness according to the Basic Order plan , and would have been followed later by the codeword Kolberg meaning full preparedness should be completed and the battle has started .

neg: Frankfurt Documents thumb | right | 200px | Members of the Frankfurt conference  Frankfurt Documents were a series of documents which were an important step on the way to the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany .   On July 1 , 1948 the representatives of the Western allied occupation forces handed over a number of documents to the prime ministers and two ruling mayors from the western zones of occupation , in which the recommendations were made , including establishing a West German state . The main problem of these recommendations was that they did not provide all-German solution , but only a West German state . The Frankfurt documents formed a working basis for the work on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . They were created at the London 6-Power Conference in early 1948 .   The handover took place in the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main , and the documents took the name of this town . The military governors Lucius D. Clay ( United States ) , Marie-Pierre Koenig ( France ) and Sir Brian Robertson ( UK ) issued an order establishing a western German state . Present were Peter Altmeier ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) , Karl Arnold ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , Lawrence Bock ( Württemberg-Hohenzollern ) , Max Brauer ( Hamburg ) , Hans Ehard ( Bavaria ) , Wilhelm Kaisen ( Bremen ) , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf ( Lower Saxony ) , Hermann Lüdemann ( Schleswig-Holstein ) , Reinhold Maier ( Württemberg-Baden ) , Christian Stock ( Hessen ) and Leo Wohleb ( Baden ) .   A West German state was to be established under the following conditions :   There should be a constitutional convention ( German : Verfassunggebende Versammlung , literally , `` Constituent Assembly '' ) before September 1 , 1948 , to draft a constitution shaping a federal form of government , while maintaining the rights of people and the participating states .  This constitution should first be approved by the military governments , then a referendum in the countries to ratify the Constitution .  The respective simple majority in two thirds of eleven West German states should be sufficient for ratification . Constitutional amendments must be approved by the military governors .  The German foreign policy should continue to be controlled by the military governors in a minimum , as Ruhr questions , repairs , industrial and rights of the Allied forces .  The boundaries of each state should be reviewed and it should , if necessary , taking into account of traditional forms of new countries are created , none compared to the other should be too large or too small .   The Frankfurt Documents prompted the Prime Minister to hold Rittersturz Conference in Koblenz , on the resolutions that were passed .   Category : Political history of Germany  Category : Political conferences

neg: Law enforcement in France Law enforcement in France has a long history dating back to AD 570 , when night watch systems were commonplace . Policing is centralized at the national level . Recently , legislation has allowed local governments to hire their own police officers which are called the `` police municipale '' .   There are two national police forces called `` Police nationale '' and `` Gendarmerie nationale '' . The Prefecture of Police of Paris provides policing services directly to Paris as a subdivision of France 's Ministry of the Interior . Within these national forces only certain designated police officers have the power to conduct criminal investigations which are supervised by investigative magistrates .


query: Try was recorded by Pink.

pos: Try (Pink song) `` Try '' is a song recorded by American singer Pink , which she released as the second single from her sixth album , The Truth About Love ( 2012 ) . Written and composed by Busbee and Ben West , and produced by Greg Kurstin , it is a pop rock ballad about taking risks with love , no matter what consequences may result .   `` Try '' received positive reviews from music critics who noted that it is one of the standout tracks on the album and called it a hit . Commercially , the song was a success , reaching number one in Spain and the top-10 in Australia , Austria , Canada , Germany , Italy , New Zealand , Poland , Switzerland , the United Kingdom and the United States , while reaching the top-20 in most countries . The Floria Sigismondi-directed video features shots of a paint-covered Pink and her male counterpart expressing their frustrations through contemporary dance .

neg: Try (disambiguation) A try is a way of scoring points in rugby league and rugby union .   Try may also refer to :  Conversion ( gridiron football ) , a way of scoring points in American and Canadian football  Boiling fat , such as in a whaling operation , to produce oil  TRY , the ISO 4217 code for the Turkish lira

neg: The Pink Album (Kill Kenada) The Pink Album is the debut album of Bognor Regis band Kill Kenada . It was limited to 500 copies . Each album presented in a pink sleeve with a handwritten number written in the bottom right hand corner . The album is only available to buy off the SUBversive Recordings website .

neg: Pink slip Pink slip may refer to :  Pink slip ( auto ) , also known as `` certificate of title '' , a legal form , establishing a person or business as the legal owner of a vehicle  Pink slip , a deprecated vehicle inspection paper in Australia  Pink slip ( employment ) , a form of termination notice  An EP released in 2009 by artist and singer Justin Bond

neg: The Dogs of War (song) `` The Dogs of War '' is a song by Pink Floyd from their 1987 album , A Momentary Lapse of Reason . It was the third single from the album in the US and Australia . Live versions have an extended intro , an extended middle solo for the saxophone , a guitar and sax duel and a longer outro as compared to the album version . The track was a minor rock radio hit in the US and reached # 16 on MTV 's Video Countdown in May 1988 .   `` The Dogs of War '' describes politicians orchestrating wars , suggesting the major influence behind war is money .

neg: Keep Tryin' (Utada Hikaru song) `` Keep Tryin ' '' is a song recorded by Japanese recording artist Utada Hikaru for her sixth studio and fourth Japanese album , Ultra Blue ( 2006 ) . It premiered on February 22 , 2006 as the fifth single from the album in Japan . It was written and composed by Utada , whilst production was handled by Utada , her father Teruzane Utada , and Miyake Akira . It included the B-side track `` Wings '' , which also appeared on the parent album . Musically , `` Keep Tryin ' '' is a pop song . Lyrically , it discusses themes of self-empowerment . Upon its release , the track garnered generally mixed reviews from music critics . Many critics complimented the song 's catchy melody and believed the chorus memorable . However , some critics felt its overall production and composition was `` light weighted '' and one of her weaker singles .   The single achieved success in Japan , peaking at number two on the Oricon Singles Chart . The single has been certified within four different categories by the Recording Industry Association of Japan ( RIAJ ) . It was also the best selling digital single in Japan of 2006 . An accompanying music video was shot by Utada 's ex-husband Kazuaki Kiriya , and currently is his final collaboration with her ; it features Utada in several different costumes , channelling several different roles in a cartoon-influenced city . The song had been promoted through several Japanese commercials and television shows .

neg: Purple Medley `` Purple Medley '' is a song by American musician Prince from 1995 . There is no album accompanying the single . The track is a mix of many hits and well-known songs from Prince 's career . Some of the pieces of music are samples , while others are re-recorded for the mix . Some of the additional instrumentation is credited to The New Power Generation . The `` Purple Medley '' consists of snippets from the songs : `` Batdance '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Kiss '' , `` Erotic City '' , `` Darling Nikki '' , `` 1999 '' , `` Baby I 'm a Star '' , `` Diamonds and Pearls '' , `` Purple Rain '' and `` Let 's Go Crazy '' and fades for the edit . The full version continues with `` Sexy Dancer '' , `` Let 's Work '' , `` Irresistible Bitch '' ( with the music of `` Sexy MF '' ) , `` I Wan na Be Your Lover '' , `` Alphabet St. '' , `` Thieves in the Temple '' , the bassline to The Time 's `` 777-9311 '' , Sheila E. 's `` A Love Bizarre '' , `` If I Was Your Girlfriend '' , `` Raspberry Beret '' , `` Little Red Corvette '' , `` Cream '' and `` Peach '' .   The CD single release includes both the full version of the medley ( which clocks in at 11 minutes ) and the edited version , which is 3:14 in length , and omits about half of the tracks present in the full version . Despite , in essence , being a megamix of Prince 's biggest hits ( barring `` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World '' ) , the B-side of the single is `` Kirk J 's B-Sides Remix '' which consists of additional Prince hits remixed ( oddly , only one was an actual B-side ) . This track appears to have little additional input from Prince , but is rather a compilation of remixes made by band member Kirk Johnson . The compilation includes bits of `` Pop Life '' , `` When Doves Cry '' , `` Shockadelica '' , `` Head '' and `` The Continental '' . The remix of `` The Continental '' was released in a longer version on the 1998 compilation Crystal Ball as `` Tell Me How U Wan na B Done '' .

neg: One More Try (Brighton Rock song) `` One More Try '' is a hit single , released in 1988 by Canadian band Brighton Rock . The song appears on their 1988 album Take a Deep Breath . `` One More Try '' is Brighton Rock 's most successful single , with heavy airplay on Canadian radio and a chart position of # 38 in Canadian charts . The song was also ranked # 16 on `` Top 25 Cancon singles of ' 88 '' .

neg: Pink Floyd Revisited Pink Floyd Revisited is a live DVD recorded by rock band Mostly Autumn in 2004 . This was a recording of a one-off concert at the Civic Hall in Stratford-Upon-Avon where they played a whole set of Pink Floyd covers . It was only available for a limited period of time and has become quite sought after by Mostly Autumn fans . The V Shows DVD was also included in the same box making it a double DVD set .

neg: Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group .   Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album .   The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .

neg: Glitter in the Air `` Glitter in the Air '' is a song by American recording artist Pink from her fifth studio album , Funhouse . In 2010 , it was released as the sixth single in North America , the only place of its release . Written by Pink and Billy Mann and Michele Mears , the song is a pop ballad with a soft piano accompaniment . Its lyrics talk about the power of love and taking a leap in faith , while using various metaphors . `` Glitter in the Air '' received mixed reviews from contemporary critics : some named it the best vocal performance of Funhouse , while others criticized it for being a cliché ballad .   `` Glitter in the Air '' debuted at number 18 and 13 in the United States and Canada , respectively . In the United States , the song marked the first time Pink had five singles from one album chart on the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was notably performed by Pink as part of her 2009 Funhouse Tour with her wearing a bodysuit and doing acrobatics using aerial tissue . A similar version of this performance was done at the 2010 Grammy Awards , where her performance received a standing ovation and was critically praised by media outlets . A similar version of these performances was also performed on The Truth About Love Tour .

neg: One of the Few `` One of the Few '' is a song by the British progressive rock band Pink Floyd . It was released as the third track on The Final Cut album in 1983 . The song is 1 minute and 12 seconds long . It features a ticking clock in the background and a steady drumbeat . The melody features most of the D minor scale . The lyrics describe a war veteran 's return from the battlefield to pursue teaching . The ticking clock continues to the next track , `` The Hero 's Return '' , which is sung from the veteran 's perspective . This is one of the rejected songs from The Wall and its working title was `` Teach '' .   The lyrics `` Make 'em laugh , Make 'em cry '' in the third and final verse of the song is reprised in the third verse of `` Not Now John '' which is the twelfth track of the album The Final Cut .

neg: Try Anything Once Try Anything Once is the first solo album created by Alan Parsons following the split of The Alan Parsons Project .   This album features vocals by Ambrosia 's David Pack , Jacqui Copland , Former Mindbender and 10cc guitarist Eric Stewart , and Manfred Mann 's Earth Band frontman Chris Thompson .   The album takes a different turn from the previously ethereal Project albums , and seems to continue the directional development that started with Stereotomy and Gaudi , combining rock elements ( `` Back Against The Wall '' & `` Breakaway '' ) and mood-oriented beats ( `` Turn It Up '' & `` I 'm Talking To You '' ) , while still retaining certain elements of the classic Project albums that are unique ( `` Mr Time '' , `` Wine From The Water '' , the instrumentals ) .

neg: Nagisa no Sindbad `` Nagisa no Sindbad '' ( 渚のシンドバッド , Nagisa no Shindobaddo , lit . `` Sindbad of the Beach '' ) is Pink Lady 's fourth single release , released on June 10 , 1977 , with a total of 1,450,000 sales , This single stayed at the number-one spot for eight weeks .   According to Oricon this was the best selling single of 1977 .   A re-recorded version of the song was included on the 2-disc greatest hits release , Innovation , released in December 2010 .

neg: Pinky Pinky refers to the little finger , the smallest finger on a normal human hand .   Pinky or pinkie can also refer to :

neg: Sober (Pink song) `` Sober '' is a song by the American singer-songwriter Pink , taken from her fifth studio album , Funhouse ( 2008 ) . It was written by Pink and Kara DioGuardi , with additional writing by Nate `` Danja '' Hills and Marcella Araica , while production was done by Danja , Tony Kanal and Jimmy Harry . The song was released as the album 's second single on October 31 , 2008 , firstly through digital download and later was added to U.S. radio stations on December 1 , 2008 . The power pop song talks about the quiet sense of comfort in being sober , with the singer claiming it was about the vices that we choose .   The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who commended the track for being a heartfelt track , with some praising its lyrical content . However , few critics dismissed the track , calling it `` more of the same '' from her previous music . Furthermore , the song received a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 2010 . Commercially , `` Sober '' attained success on the charts , reaching the top-ten in over thirteen countries , while reaching the top-twenty in the U.S. , as well as the top of Billboards Adult Top 40 chart . A music video for the track was directed by Jonas Akerlund and it finds Pink at a party with her doppelgänger . ''

neg: 1967: The First Three Singles The 1967 Singles Sampler , or 1967 : The First Three Singles , is a limited-edition compilation album by Pink Floyd .

neg: Mama Tried Mama Tried may refer to :   Mama Tried ( album ) , a 1968 album by Merle Haggard  `` Mama Tried ( song ) '' , title song from the album  `` Mama Tried '' , a song by Quasi from their 2003 album Hot Shit !

neg: Thinking of You (Bonnie Pink song) `` Thinking of You '' is Bonnie Pink 's eighteenth single from the album Just a Girl . The single was released under the East West Japan label on May 9 , 2001 .

neg: One (Bonnie Pink album) One is Bonnie Pink 's tenth studio album released under the Warner Music Japan label on May 13 , 2009 . This album was recorded in London , Stockholm , Los Angeles , Malmö , and Tokyo .

neg: Delicate Sound of Thunder Delicate Sound of Thunder '' is a double live album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd which was recorded over five nights at the Nassau Coliseum on Long Island , New York in August 1988 and mixed at Abbey Road Studios in September 1988 . It was released on 22 November 1988 , through EMI Records in the United Kingdom and Columbia Records in the United States .