query: Lewis Hamilton is a race car driver.

pos: 2014 Formula One season The 2014 Formula One season was the 68th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 2014 Formula One World Championship , a motor racing championship for Formula One cars , recognised by the sport 's governing body , the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) , as the highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars . The season started in Australia on 16 March and concluded in Abu Dhabi on 23 November . In the nineteen Grands Prix of the season , a total of eleven teams and twenty-four drivers competed for the World Drivers ' and World Constructors ' championships . It was the first Formula One season since to see an accident with ultimately fatal consequences as Jules Bianchi succumbed to the injuries he sustained during the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix . He died on 17 July 2015 after spending nine months in a coma following the accident .   In 2014 , the championship saw the introduction of a revised engine formula , in which the 2.4 litre V8 engine configuration -- previously used between 2006 and 2013 -- was replaced with a new formula specifying a 1.6 litre turbocharged V6 engine that incorporated an energy recovery system into its build . The 2014 calendar featured substantial revisions from the 2013 season ; the Russian Grand Prix ( held the first time in a century ) was held at the Sochi Autodrom , and the Austrian Grand Prix was revived with the race held at the Red Bull Ring in Spielberg . The Indian Grand Prix was put on hiatus , whilst the Korean Grand Prix was removed from the schedule entirely .   Sebastian Vettel started the season as defending World Drivers ' Champion having secured his fourth consecutive Drivers ' title the previous season at the 2013 Indian Grand Prix . His team , Infiniti Red Bull Racing , also started the season as defending World Constructors ' Champion having secured its fourth consecutive Constructors ' title last season at the same Grand Prix in which its lead driver secured his title .   Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton won his second World Drivers ' Championship with 384 points and 11 victories having previously won his first Drivers ' title in 2008 , ahead of his teammate , Nico Rosberg with 317 points and 5 victories . Rosberg also won the inaugural FIA Pole Trophy having amassed a total of 11 pole positions over the course of the season . Mercedes secured their first World Constructors ' Championship in Russia , and finished the season with 701 points , 296 points ahead of Red Bull Racing . The season also saw the first three wins of Daniel Ricciardo , who finished third in the championship for Red Bull Racing .

pos: Lewis Hamilton Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton , MBE ( born 7 January 1985 ) is a British Formula One racing driver from England , currently racing for the Mercedes AMG Petronas team . A three-time Formula One World Champion , he is regarded by fellow and former drivers as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport . He won his first title with McLaren in 2008 before moving to Mercedes , where he won back-to-back titles in 2014 and 2015 .   In December 1995 , at the age of ten , he approached McLaren team principal Ron Dennis at the Autosport Awards ceremony and told him , `` I want to race for you one day ... I want to race for McLaren . '' Less than three years later McLaren and Mercedes-Benz signed him to their Young Driver Support Programme . After winning the British Formula Renault , Formula Three Euroseries , and GP2 championships on his way up the racing career ladder , he drove for McLaren in 2007 , making his Formula One debut 12 years after his initial encounter with Dennis . Hamilton 's contract for the McLaren driver development program made him the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in a Formula One drive .   Coming from a mixed background , with a black father and white mother , Hamilton is the first black driver to race in Formula One . Hamilton commented on this , saying `` The way I see it , my colour is an advantage in that it 's something people talk about '' , `` Being the first black man does n't matter much to me personally , but for the sport itself it probably means quite a lot . ''   In his first season in Formula One , Hamilton set numerous records while finishing second in the 2007 Formula One Championship , just one point behind Kimi Räikkönen . He won the World Championship the following season in dramatic fashion , becoming the then-youngest Formula One World Champion in history before Sebastian Vettel broke the record two years later . Following his second world title in 2014 , he was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year . In 2015 , he became the first British driver in history to win consecutive F1 titles , and the second British driver to win three titles after Jackie Stewart . He also became the first English driver to reach that milestone . He is the first driver in the history of F1 to have made the podium after starting 20th place or lower at least 3 times . He is the only driver in the history of the sport to have won at least one race in each season he has competed to date , with McLaren from 2007 until 2012 , and with Mercedes since 2013 . He has more race victories than any other British driver in the history of Formula One . His Grand Prix victories is the second highest of all-time having surpassed Alain Prost 's total of 51 at the 2016 Brazilian Grand Prix , behind only Michael Schumacher at 91 . Hamilton also holds the record for most wins in the season without winning the World Championship , after winning 10 times in the 2016 season where he finished runner-up to teammate Nico Rosberg .

pos: 2016 Brazilian Grand Prix The 2016 Brazilian Grand Prix ( formally known as the Formula One Grande Prêmio do Brasil 2016 ) was a Formula One motor race held on 13 November 2016 at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace in São Paulo , Brazil . The race was the 20th round of the 2016 season and marked the forty-fifth running of the Brazilian Grand Prix and the forty-fourth time that the race has been run as a World Championship event since the inaugural season in . At 3h 1m 1.335 s , the race was the longest Brazilian race in history .   Defending race winner Nico Rosberg entered the round with a nineteen-point lead over teammate Lewis Hamilton in the World Drivers ' Championship . Their team , Mercedes , had already clinched the World Constructors ' Championship , holding a lead of two hundred and fifty-two points over Red Bull Racing , with third place Scuderia Ferrari another sixty-two points behind .

pos: 2008 Formula One season The 2008 Formula One season was the 62nd season of Formula One motor racing , recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) -- the governing body of motorsport -- as the highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars . It featured the 2008 Formula One World Championship . The season was contested over eighteen rounds , which started in Australia on 16 March and ended in Brazil on 2 November . The 2008 season saw the debut of the Singapore Grand Prix , which was held at the Marina Bay Street Circuit , in Marina Bay , Singapore and was the first Formula One race held at night . The European Grand Prix moved to a new venue at the Valencia Street Circuit , in Valencia , Spain   Lewis Hamilton won the Drivers ' title by a point -- by overtaking Toyota 's Timo Glock on the final corner of the final lap of the final grand prix of the season to claim the required 5th-place finish -- from Brazilian Felipe Massa while Massa 's teammate , the 2007 world champion , Kimi Räikkönen was ranked third , with two wins . Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro won the Constructors ' title . In winning the title , Hamilton became the youngest driver ever to win the title ( a record since supplanted by Sebastian Vettel 's winning of the 2010 Drivers ' title ) and the first black driver to do so . He was also the first British champion since Damon Hill in 1996 .   Eleven teams competed in the championship , although Super Aguri withdrew on 6 May from the 2008 Formula One season due to financial troubles , completing four races . New technical rules for 2008 included the banning of traction control after it was re-introduced in . Fernando Alonso won the first race held in Singapore ; however , only after teammate Piquet deliberately crashed to cause a Safety Car period which helped Alonso 's strategy . When Piquet admitted this to the press in Renault team-principal Briatore resigned . Some journalists dubbed this `` Crashgate '' .   This was the last season for the Honda team before they pulled out of F1 later in December due to the global economic crisis . Then , Ross Brawn bought the team and renamed it to Brawn GP in February using the Mercedes-Benz engines . This was also the last Formula One season to race with grooved tyres , used since , before slick tyres returned to Formula One in .   It was the first time in the history of Formula One that all teams used the same two drivers throughout the season and it was the first time that all the race cars drove without traction control since the beginning of .

neg: Lewis Hamilton (footballer) Lewis Emmanuel Hamilton ( born 21 November 1984 ) is an English footballer who plays for Horsham .

neg: 2008 British Grand Prix The 2008 British Grand Prix ( formally the Formula 1 Santander British Grand Prix ) was a Formula One motor race held on 6 July 2008 at the Silverstone Circuit , Silverstone , England . It was the ninth race of the 2008 Formula One season . The 60-lap race was won by Lewis Hamilton for the McLaren team after starting from fourth position on the grid . Nick Heidfeld finished second in a BMW Sauber car , with Rubens Barrichello third in a Honda .   Heikki Kovalainen started from pole position alongside Mark Webber and Kimi Räikkönen . Webber and Räikkönen were passed by Hamilton going into the first corner . Hamilton shadowed Kovalainen in the early stages of the race and passed him for the lead on lap five .   Hamilton 's win tied him for the lead of the Drivers ' Championship , alongside Massa and Räikkönen . In the Constructors Championship , BMW reduced the lead of Ferrari to 14 points , with McLaren a further 10 behind .

neg: 2013 Malaysian Grand Prix The 2013 Malaysian Grand Prix ( formally known as the 2013 Formula 1 Petronas Malaysia Grand Prix ) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 24 March 2013 at the Sepang International Circuit in Selangor , Malaysia . The race was the second round of the 2013 season , and marked the fifteenth running of the Malaysian Grand Prix as a round of the Formula One World Championship . Sebastian Vettel won the race for Red Bull Racing , having started from pole position .   The race was marked by controversy surrounding team orders issued by the Red Bull and Mercedes teams , with Vettel passing his teammate Mark Webber to win against an order from his team to hold position , and Lewis Hamilton retaining third place in front of Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg on orders from team principal Ross Brawn .

neg: 2003 Japanese Grand Prix The 2003 Japanese Grand Prix ( formally the XXIX Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix ) was a Formula One motor race held on 12 October 2003 at the Suzuka Circuit , Suzuka , Mie , Japan . It was the sixteenth and final round of the 2003 Formula One season as well as the 29th Japanese Grand Prix . The 53-lap race was won by Rubens Barrichello driving for Ferrari after starting from pole position . Kimi Räikkönen , who started the race from eighth position , finished second in a McLaren car , with David Coulthard third in the other McLaren .   Barrichello 's win saw Ferrari clinch their 13th Constructors Championship title , the team 's fifth title in a row , with Barrichello 's team-mate Michael Schumacher finishing eighth to secure his record-breaking 6th World Driver 's Championship surpassing the record set by Juan Manuel Fangio in 1957 . This was also Schumacher 's fourth consecutive World Driver 's title .

neg: 2015 Bahrain GP2 Series round The 2015 Bahrain GP2 Series round was a pair of motor races held on 18 and 19 April 2015 at the Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir , Bahrain as part of the GP2 Series . It was the first round of the 2015 GP2 Series and was run in support of the 2015 Formula One Bahrain Grand Prix . The first race , a 32-lap feature event , was won by ART Grand Prix driver Stoffel Vandoorne who started from the pole position . Rio Haryanto finished second for the Campos Racing team , and Racing Engineering driver Alexander Rossi came third . Haryanto won the second event , a 23-lap sprint race , ahead of Vandoorne in second , and Lazarus driver Nathanaël Berthon in third .   Vandoorne retained his pole position advantage in the first race , which was disrupted on the fourth lap following a collision between Norman Nato , Arthur Pic , Pierre Gasly and Raffaele Marciello . Drivers on the soft-compound tyres made pit stops for medium-compound tyres , while Vandoorne remained the leader for the lap-nine restart . He held it until his pit stop at the end of lap 22 , and Rossi moved into the first position on the following lap . He kept the position until Vandoorne overtook him to win the race . Julián Leal started first in the second race and remained the leader until he was passed at the beginning of the eighth lap by Haryanto , who maintained the lead for the rest of the race to clinch the win .   Haryanto 's victory in the second race was his first victory in the GP2 Series after 70 races . The results of the races meant Vandoorne assumed the lead in the Drivers ' Championship with 43 points , ten in front of Haryanto . Rossi assumed third position , while Berthon 's third-place finish in the second event allowed put him in fourth . Jordan King rounded out the top five . ART Grand Prix became the leaders of the Teams ' Championship with a 15-point advantage over Racing Engineering . Campos Racing were two points behind in third position , while Lazarus and Rapax rounded out the top five , with ten rounds left in the season .

neg: 1984 Formula One season The 1984 Formula One season was the 38th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1984 Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 1984 Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers which were contested concurrently over a sixteen-race series which commenced on 25 March , and ended on 21 October .   In the Drivers ' Championship , the season became a duel between McLaren 's Alain Prost and Niki Lauda . Prost won 7 races to Lauda 's 5 , including the last two Grands Prix of the year , but Lauda eventually prevailed by half a point -- the smallest margin in Formula One history . The Formula One World Championship for Manufacturers was awarded to McLaren .   This season featured the last driver of the 20th century to both drive in the F1 championship and to compete at the Indianapolis 500 in the same season , Teo Fabi . His feat would not be repeated until the 2017 season , when Fernando Alonso also participated at the Indy 500 .

neg: 2008 German Grand Prix The 2008 German Grand Prix ( formally the LXIX Großer Preis Santander von Deutschland ) was a Formula One motor race held on 20 July 2008 at the Hockenheimring , Hockenheim , Germany . It was the 10th race of the 2008 Formula One season and was contested over 67 laps . It was won by Lewis Hamilton for the McLaren team after starting from pole position . Nelson Piquet Jr. finished second for Renault , with Felipe Massa third for Ferrari .   Hamilton maintained his startline advantage and led until he made his first pit stop on lap 18 . As other cars made their pit stops , Hamilton regained the lead on lap 22 . On lap 36 , Timo Glock crashed , and the race was neutralized by the deployment of the safety car . Hamilton , on a two-stop strategy , did not stop to get more fuel during this period , while all the cars around him did . Thus , when he did eventually stop on lap 50 , he rejoined the race in fifth position . In the closing stages of the race , Hamilton first overtook his teammate Heikki Kovalainen , then Massa , and finally Piquet , whilst also gaining a position due to Nick Heidfeld 's late pit stop . This allowed him to take the lead again on lap 60 , which he maintained to win the race .   The victory was Hamilton 's second consecutive win , having won the preceding British Grand Prix at Silverstone . The win also put him ahead of his two main rivals in the Drivers ' Championship , Kimi Räikkönen ( who finished sixth ) and Massa , who were on equal points with him before the race . After the race he was four points ahead of Massa , and seven ahead of Räikkönen . In the Constructors ' Championship , McLaren drew closer to the two teams ahead of them , BMW Sauber and Ferrari . Ferrari still led by 15 points from McLaren , and 12 from BMW , whose drivers -- Nick Heidfeld and Robert Kubica -- finished fourth and seventh respectively .

neg: Lewis–Mogridge Position The Lewis -- Mogridge Position , named after David Lewis and Martin J. H. Mogridge , was formulated in 1990 and observes that the more roads are built , the more traffic there is to fill these roads . Speed gains from some new roads can disappear within months , if not weeks . Sometimes , new roads help to reduce traffic jams , but in most cases , the congestion is only shifted to another junction .   The position reads traffic expands to meet the available road space ( Mogridge , 1990 ) . It is generally referred to as induced demand in the transport literature , and was posited as the `` Iron Law of Congestion '' by Anthony Downs . It is a special case of Jevons paradox ( where the resource in question is traffic capacity ) , and relates to the Marchetti 's constant ( average commute times are similar in widely varying conditions ) .   Following the Lewis -- Mogridge Position , it is not generally concluded that new roads are never justified but that their development needs to consider the whole traffic system , which means understanding the movement of goods and people in detail as well as the motivation behind the movement .   The Lewis -- Mogridge Position is often used to understand problems caused by private transport such as congested roads in cities and on motorways . It can also be used to explain the success of schemes such as the London congestion charge .   The position , however , is not confined to private transport . Mogridge , a British transport researcher , concluded also that all road investment in a congested urban area will have the effect of reducing the average speed of the transport system as a whole : road and public transport . The relationship and overall equilibria is also known as the `` Downs -- Thomson paradox '' . However , according to Downs , the link between average speeds on public transport and private transport applies only `` to regions in which the vast majority of peak-hour commuting is done on rapid transit systems with separate rights of way . Central London is an example , since in 2001 around 85 percent of all morning peak-period commuters into that area used public transit ( including 77 percent on separate rights of way ) and only 11 percent used private cars . When peak-hour travel equilibrium has been reached between the subway system and the major commuting roads , then the travel time required for any given trip is roughly equal on both modes . ''

neg: McLaren McLaren Racing Limited , competing as McLaren Honda , is a British Formula One team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor but has also competed in and won the Indianapolis 500 and the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) . The team is the second oldest active team after Ferrari . They are one of the most successful teams in Formula One history , having won 182 races , 12 drivers ' championships and eight constructors ' championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of McLaren Technology Group .   Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , where they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One constructors ' championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the drivers ' championship in 1974 and 1976 , respectively ; 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand .   In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven drivers ' championships and McLaren six constructors ' championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant -- together they won all but one race in 1988 -- but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 . However , by the mid-1990s , Honda had withdrawn from Formula One , Senna had moved to Williams , and the team went three seasons without a win . With Mercedes-Benz engines , West sponsorship , and former Williams designer Adrian Newey , further championships came in 1998 and 1999 with driver Mika Häkkinen and during the 2000s the team were consistent front-runners , driver Lewis Hamilton taking their latest title in 2008 .   Ron Dennis retired as McLaren team principal in 2009 , handing the former role to longtime McLaren employee Martin Whitmarsh . At the end of 2013 , after the team 's worst season since 2004 , Whitmarsh was ousted . McLaren announced in 2013 that they would be using Honda engines from 2015 onwards , replacing Mercedes-Benz . The team raced as McLaren-Honda for the first time since 1992 at the 2015 Australian Grand Prix .

neg: ART Grand Prix ART Grand Prix is a French motor racing team that competes in formula single-seaters in Europe . In 2012 , it competed in the GP2 Series and GP3 Series as Lotus GP to reflect sponsorship from British sports and racing car manufacturer Lotus . The team competed as Lotus ART in 2011 .   Notable ART drivers include Lewis Hamilton , Jamie Green , Olivier Pla , Sebastian Vettel , Adrian Sutil , Paul di Resta , Romain Grosjean , Lucas di Grassi , Nico Hülkenberg , Jules Bianchi , Valtteri Bottas , Esteban Gutiérrez , Nico Rosberg , Jack Harvey , Stoffel Vandoorne , Esteban Ocon and Charles Leclerc .

neg: Canadian Grand Prix The Canadian Grand Prix ( Grand Prix du Canada ) is an annual auto race held in Canada since 1961 . It has been part of the Formula One World Championship since 1967 . It was first staged at Mosport Park in Bowmanville , Ontario as a sports car event , before alternating between Mosport and Circuit Mont-Tremblant , Quebec after Formula One took over the event . After 1971 , safety concerns led to the Grand Prix moving permanently to Mosport . In 1978 , after similar safety concerns with Mosport , the Canadian Grand Prix moved to its current home on Notre Dame Island in Montreal .   In 2005 , the Canadian Grand Prix was the most watched Formula One GP in the world . The race was also the third most watched sporting event worldwide , behind the first place Super Bowl XXXIX and the UEFA Champions League Final .   Preceding the qualifying session in 2014 , the Grand Prix organizers announced they had agreed to a 10-year extension to keep the Canadian Grand Prix at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve through 2024 .

neg: Formula One Championship Edition Formula One Championship Edition is a racing video game , developed by SCE Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 . The game follows the basic structure of Formula One 06 for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable . The main differences include the updated visuals for the PS3 including a lot more detail , Sixaxis compatibility , real time reflections , car reflections on wet circuits and new wet weather effects . It was announced early in development that the safety car would be included in the game for the first time in an F1 game since Formula One 99 for the PlayStation . However , it was removed before the final release along with the PSP wing mirror integration shown at E3 .   The game also boasts dynamic weather , and improved AI . The AI system is called `` Live Action Racing '' where one can pressure the opposition , causing them to make little mistakes such as running wide on corners , causing them to crash into other cars or spin off the road of their own accord . The AI will then try to seek opportunities to pass the player in a realistic manner .   The game is based on the early 2006 F1 season . Hence , Yuji Ide drives for Super Aguri when in reality he lost his super licence just 4 races into the '06 season , and Franck Montagny , then later Sakon Yamamoto took his seat . Other minor changes throughout the real 2006 season are also not represented .   In the career mode , players begin by running tests for one of three teams ( Toro Rosso , Super Aguri or Midland F1 ) at either the Silverstone , Magny Cours or Catalunya circuits . The tests given vary between the teams . When the player successfully completes the tests , they are given the role of test driver or race driver , depending on how well the player performed in the test . After performing well as a test driver , the player will become the second driver of the team . From there the player can compete in race weekends through many different roles . As a test driver the player will try out different car settings in practice , and as a driver the player will have track position targets to meet to keep the seat . The player 's performances are subject to review at several points during the season .   The initial release did not include force-feedback support , which is considered by many to be an important feature for simulation racing games used with driving wheel controllers . A subsequent update in early 2008 added force feedback . The game also lacks support for 1080i or 1080p output resolutions . Per the calendar , the Belgian Grand Prix is not included .   The game 's cover in the North America version ( as seen on the right ) features Fernando Alonso ( the defending world champion at that time in 2006 ) who drove for the Renault team , Jenson Button who drove for the Honda team and David Coulthard who drove for the Red Bull Racing team .   Like previous games , it featured in-game commentary from then ITV F1 commentators Martin Brundle and James Allen .

neg: 1994 Formula One season The 1994 Formula One season was the 48th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1994 FIA Formula One World Championship which commenced on 27 March 1994 , and ended on 13 November after sixteen races . The season is remembered as one of the most tragic and controversial seasons in the sport 's history . 1994 was one of the closest championships in history as Michael Schumacher won the Drivers ' title by a single point from Damon Hill after the two controversially collided at the final round in Adelaide . Schumacher had built up a huge championship lead , winning six of the first seven races , before two disqualifications and a race ban allowed Hill to close the gap . British constructor Williams-Renault won the Constructors ' Championship . However , the 1994 season will also be remembered for the deaths of three-time World Champion Ayrton Senna and Austrian rookie Roland Ratzenberger at the San Marino Grand Prix . Forty-six drivers competed in the 1994 World Championship , including fourteen who made their F1 debut and numerous pay drivers . Mercedes-Benz also returned to the sport for the first time since 1955 as an engine supplier to Swiss team , Sauber . The season also saw the first win for Ferrari since 1990 -- whilst McLaren failed to win a single race following the departure of Senna , before embarking on a long-term partnership with Mercedes .

neg: Lewis Hamilton (disambiguation) Lewis Hamilton ( born 1985 ) is a British Formula One racing driver .   Lewis Hamilton may also refer to :   Lewis Hamilton ( footballer ) ( born 1984 ) , English footballer  Lewis Hamilton ( Cars ) , fictional character  SS Lewis Hamilton , cargo ship  Lewis Hamilton : Secret Life , alternate reality game

neg: 2000 French Grand Prix The 2000 French Grand Prix ( formally the LXXXVI Mobil 1 Grand Prix de France ) was a Formula One motor race held on 2 July 2000 at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours , Magny-Cours , Burgundy , France . It was the ninth race of the 2000 Formula One season and the 86th French Grand Prix . The 72-lap race was won by McLaren driver David Coulthard after starting from second position . His teammate Mika Häkkinen finished second with Rubens Barrichello third for the Ferrari team .   Coulthard started the race alongside Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher who began from pole position . Barrichello began from third on the grid and overtook Coulthard going into the first corner . Michael Schumacher maintained his start line advantage and kept the lead after the first round of pit stops . During the course of the second stint of the race , Michael Schumacher began to struggle with tyre wear , allowing Coulthard to close the gap and passed him on lap 40 . Coulthard maintained his lead through the second round of pit stops and won the race . Michael Schumacher retired on lap 59 with an engine failure promoting Häkkinen into second position . Barrichello took third , ahead of BAR driver Jacques Villeneuve in fourth .   The race was Coulthard 's third victory of the season , his first at Magny-Cours , and the result meant that he reduced Michael Schumacher 's points advantage in the Drivers ' Championship to twelve points . Häkkinen remained third on 38 points , six ahead of Barrichello . In the Constructors ' Championship , McLaren 's one-two finish allowed them to narrow the gap to Ferrari to be six points behind , with eight races of the season remaining .

neg: Bahrain Grand Prix The Bahrain Grand Prix is a Formula One Championship race in Bahrain sponsored by Gulf Air . The first race took place at the Bahrain International Circuit on 4 April 2004 . It made history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East , and was given the award for the `` Best Organised Grand Prix '' by the FIA .   The Bahrain Grand Prix has usually been the third race of the Formula One calendar . However , in the 2006 season , Bahrain swapped places with the traditional opener , the Australian Grand Prix , which was pushed back to avoid a clash with the Commonwealth Games . In 2010 , Bahrain staged the opening race of the 2010 season and the cars drove the full 6.299 km `` Endurance Circuit '' to celebrate F1 's ` diamond jubilee ' .   The 2011 Grand Prix , due to be held on 13 March , was cancelled on 21 February due to the 2011 Bahraini protests after drivers including Damon Hill and Mark Webber had protested .   Human rights activists called for a cancellation of 2012 race due to reports of alleged human rights abuses committed by the Bahraini authorities . Team personnel also voiced concerns about safety , but the race , nonetheless , was held as planned on 22 April 2012 .   In 2014 , to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the first staging of the Bahrain Grand Prix , the race was held as a night event under floodlights . In so doing it became the second Formula One night race after the Singapore Grand Prix in 2008 . Bahrain 's inaugural night event was won by Lewis Hamilton . Subsequent races have also been night races .   Shortly after the Formula One February 2014 testing , Grand Prix organizers for Bahrain announced a decision to name the first corner of the iconic track after former seven-time champion German driver Michael Schumacher in honour of his achievements and also in support after the driver suffered an almost fatal skiing accident late December 2013 .

neg: Jenson Button Jenson Alexander Lyons Button ( born 19 January 1980 ) is a British racing driver currently under contract with McLaren-Honda , as a reserve driver . He won the 2009 Formula One World Championship , driving for Brawn GP . Button announced in September 2016 that he would be giving up his 2017 seat at the end of the 2016 Formula One season but announced that he would still be at McLaren as a reserve driver and ambassador of McLaren until the 2018 Formula One season .   Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success , before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Williams for the 2000 season . The following year he switched to Benetton , which in became Renault , and then for the 2003 season he moved to BAR . In 2004 he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship , with only the two Ferraris ahead of him . BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the 2006 season , during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary , after 113 races .   Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008 , he was left without a drive for the 2009 season , until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009 , and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive , Mercedes-engined car . He went on to win a record-equalling six of the first seven races of the 2009 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the Brazilian Grand Prix , having led on points all season ; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors ' Championship .   For , he moved to McLaren , partnering fellow British racer and former World Champion Lewis Hamilton . After finishing fifth for the team in 2010 , Button finished the season as runner-up . In he took his first pole for McLaren at the 2012 Belgian Grand Prix . He spent a fifth season with the McLaren team in 2014 , his fifteenth in Formula One , and went on to complete two further years at the team in 2015 and 2016 before stepping back from full-time racing to take an ambassadorial and reserve driver role . He returned for a one-off appearance at the 2017 Monaco Grand Prix in place of Fernando Alonso which elevated him to joint second with Michael Schumacher in the list of all-time F1 starts . From the races that Button has started he has won , with a total of podium finishes .

neg: 2004 Formula One season The 2004 Formula One season was the 58th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 2004 FIA Formula One World Championship , which was contested over an eighteen event series which ran from 7 March to 24 October 2004 . The championship was dominated by Michael Schumacher and Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro with the German driver winning the Drivers ' Championship for the fifth consecutive year since 2000 and the Italian constructor winning the Constructors ' Championship for the sixth straight season since 1999 . Also notable were the success of BAR and Renault , and the relatively poor performance of Williams and McLaren .   Michael Schumacher won 12 of the first 13 races and eventually scored 13 race victories , breaking his own record of 11 race wins in a season , set in 2002 . He also won a record seventh Drivers ' Championship with his teammate Rubens Barrichello winning two of the last four races and finishing second in the title . Jenson Button , though failing to win a grand prix , secured ten podium finishes and one pole position to finish third in the Drivers ' Championship . Along with Japanese teammate Takuma Sato , Button delivered BAR an impressive second place in the Constructors ' Championship behind Ferrari .   Four of the ten teams , Ferrari , Renault , Jaguar , and Toyota , were subsidiaries of major car companies and one , BAR , was a division of a tobacco company . Williams and McLaren , both privately owned teams , had engine supply agreements with major car companies , BMW and Mercedes-Benz respectively , and Honda produced engines for BAR . The other three teams , Jordan , Sauber and Minardi , were also privately owned but received little substantial sponsorship , and consequently tended to end up toward the back of the grid . Sauber received Ferrari engines badged under the Petronas name , and also received sponsorship from the Malaysian oil and gas company .   This season saw the Minardi team score their first points since 2002 , with Zsolt Baumgartner finishing 8th at the 2004 United States Grand Prix .   The 2004 Canadian Grand Prix was a very dramatic race . First , Timo Glock replaced Giorgio Pantano in this race , due to personal circumstances for Pantano . Then , Williams and Toyota were excluded from the race due to an irregularity in the brake ducts . That meant the Jordan team was the main beneficiary of the disqualifications , with Nick Heidfeld and Timo Glock both scoring points , Glock in his debut Formula One race . Immediately before the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix , Giorgio Pantano was dropped by the Jordan team and Timo Glock replaced him for the last 3 races .   Ralf Schumacher had a difficult season . He suffered a massive accident during the 2004 United States Grand Prix and was out of action for 6 races . Marc Gené and Antônio Pizzonia replaced him during his absence .   Jarno Trulli 's relationship with the Renault team deteriorated after his first victory at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . He left the team after the 2004 Italian Grand Prix , which was also Pantano 's last race for the Jordan team . Former world champion Jacques Villeneuve replaced Jarno Trulli at Renault for the final 3 races . Trulli missed the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix , but he returned in the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix and the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix with the Toyota team . That meant the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix was Jarno Trulli 's first race with the new team .   Cristiano da Matta 's string of disappointing results during the season led to his replacement by test driver Ricardo Zonta from Hungary onwards except the 2004 Japanese Grand Prix . Da Matta did not race for Toyota again and in 2005 he returned to Champ Car racing .   This was Olivier Panis 's last season as he decided to retire from the race seat after 2004 Japanese Grand Prix . However he stayed with the Toyota team , as the test driver .   2004 was the final season for Jaguar Racing and engine manufacturer Ford , as they both withdrew from Formula One at the end of the year .   This season saw all ten teams score at least one World Championship point .   From the 2004 season onward , all teams which had not finished in the top four in the previous year 's Constructors ' Championship were allowed to run a third car in the Friday practice session before each grand prix , for testing purposes . Other teams were also permitted to have test drivers , although they were not allowed to compete in Friday practice . Sauber chose not to run its third driver in these sessions because of the added expense .

neg: 2016 German Grand Prix The 2016 German Grand Prix ( formally known as the Formula 1 Großer Preis von Deutschland 2016 ) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 31 July 2016 . After a one-year absence , the race returned to the Hockenheimring near Hockenheim in the German state of Baden-Württemberg , which last held the race in 2014 . It was the twelfth round of the 2016 Formula One season , and marked the seventy-sixth running of the German Grand Prix , and the sixty-second time the race has been run as a round of the Formula One World Championship .   Lewis Hamilton entered the round with a six-point lead in the World Drivers ' Championship over teammate and defending race winner Nico Rosberg . Hamilton won the race and extended his lead over Rosberg to nineteen points . Their team , Mercedes , further extended its lead in the World Constructors ' Championship .

neg: 2017 Russian Grand Prix The 2017 Russian Grand Prix ( Гран-при России 2017 года ) , formally known as the 2017 Formula 1 VTB Russian Grand Prix , was a Formula One motor race that took place on 30 April 2017 as the fourth round of the 2017 season . The fifty-two lap race was held at the Sochi Autodrom , marking the fourth running of the Russian Grand Prix as a round of the Formula One World Championship . Valtteri Bottas won the race by 0.617 seconds over Sebastian Vettel , the smallest winning margin since the 2016 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix .   Going into the race , Vettel led Lewis Hamilton in the World Drivers ' Championship by seven points , with Bottas third ; they remained in the same order after the race . In the World Constructors ' Championship , Ferrari was in the lead ahead of Mercedes before the race , with Red Bull Racing third ; Mercedes was ahead of Ferrari after the race .   Vettel started the race from pole , with his teammate Kimi Räikkönen in second in Ferrari 's first front-row start since the 2008 French Grand Prix .


query: Girls' Generation features Taeyeon.

pos: Girls' Generation Girls ' Generation , also known as SNSD , is a South Korean girl group formed by S.M. Entertainment . The group is composed of eight members : Taeyeon , Sunny , Tiffany , Hyoyeon , Yuri , Sooyoung , Yoona , and Seohyun . Originally a nine-piece group ( with Jessica , who later departed from the group in September 2014 ) , Girls ' Generation debuted in 2007 with their Korean eponymous debut album . Though the album gained some attention , it was not until 2009 that the group rose to fame with the single `` Gee '' , which claimed the top spot on KBS 's Music Bank for a record-breaking nine consecutive weeks and was named the most popular song of the 2000s in South Korea by Melon . Girls ' Generation further consolidated their popularity on the South Korean music scene with follow-up singles `` Tell Me Your Wish ( Genie ) '' , `` Oh ! '' , and `` Run Devil Run '' , which were released in mid-2009 and early 2010 .   In mid-2010 , Girls ' Generation signed with Nayutawave Records ( present-day EMI Records Japan ) to venture into the Japanese music scene . Their June 2011 self-titled Japanese debut album peaked atop the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart and became the first album by a non-Japanese girl group to be certified million by the Recording Industry Association of Japan . The group 's third Korean studio album The Boys was released in October 2011 and became the best-selling album of 2011 in South Korea with sales of over 380,000 copies . An English version of the single `` The Boys '' was released by Interscope Records in an attempt to expand the group 's endeavor to the global music scene . The group 's 2013 fourth Korean studio album I Got a Boy was supported by the single `` I Got a Boy '' , which was subjected to major attention from Western media following its winning the Video of the Year award at the inaugural YouTube Music Awards . Their fifth Korean studio album , Lion Heart , was released in 2015 .   Girls ' Generation 's signature musical styles are characterized as electropop and bubblegum pop , though their sounds have varied widely , incorporating various genres including hip hop , R&B , and EDM . They have sold over 4.4 million albums and 30 million digital singles as of 2012 . The group 's immense popularity in their native country South Korea has earned them numerous accolades and the titles `` The Nation 's Singers '' and `` The Nation 's Girl Group '' . Girls ' Generation is also deemed one of the prominent figures of the Korean Wave and one of the most popular K-pop acts internationally . They are the first Asian girl group to achieve five music videos with over 100 million views on YouTube : `` Gee '' , `` I Got a Boy '' , `` The Boys '' , `` Mr. Taxi '' , and `` Oh ! '' . In Japan , they became the first non-Japanese girl group to have three number-one albums on the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart , and their three Japanese concert tours attracted a record-breaking 550,000 spectators , more than any other Korean girl groups .

neg: Song Ji-hyo Cheon Soo-yeon ( born Cheon Seong-im ; born August 15 , 1981 ) , better known by her stage name Song Ji-hyo , is a South Korean actress and model . She made her acting debut in Wishing Stairs ( 2003 ) , one of Whispering Corridors film series . She then received further recognition for her roles in Princess Hours ( 2006 ) , Jumong ( 2007 ) , A Frozen Flower ( 2008 ) , New World ( 2013 ) , Emergency Couple ( 2014 ) , and My Wife 's Having an Affair this Week ( 2016 ) .   Besides acting , Song is also known for being one of the members of the South Korean variety show Running Man .

neg: Seohyun Seo Ju-hyun ( born June 28 , 1991 ) , known professionally as Seohyun , is a South Korean singer and actress . She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation ( and later its subgroup TTS ) in August 2007 , who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . Apart from her group 's activities , she has established herself as an actress , notably through her participation in the original and Korean versions of stage musicals including Moon Embracing the Sun , Gone with the Wind and Mamma Mia . She also starred in the drama `` Moon Lovers : Scarlet Heart Ryeo '' . She debuted as a solo artist with her debut mini album , Do n't Say No , on January 17 , 2017 , making her the third Girls ' Generation member to debut as a solo artist .

neg: Hyun Jin-young Huh Hyun-seok ( born February 3 , 1971 ) , better known as Hyun Jin-young ( Korean : 현진영 ) , is a South Korean singer , dancer , and rapper . He is known for his role in introducing hip-hop music to Korea .

neg: Rising Star (album) Rising Star is the second mini-album by South Korean singer Taegoon . It was released on May 13 , 2009 . Taegoon received intensive vocal training from Wheesung during the preparations of this album and worked closely with him during the production . Wheesung also wrote and composed the songs '' 슈퍼스타 '' and '' 네까짓 게 ''

neg: Kun-woo Kun-woo , also spelled Keon-woo or Gun-woo , is a Korean masculine given name . It was the sixth-most popular name for baby boys born in South Korea in 2008 , with 1,722 being given the name . The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write the name . There are 15 hanja with the reading `` kun '' and 42 hanja with the reading `` woo '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be used in given names .   People with this name include :  Kun-Woo Paik ( born 1946 ) , South Korean pianist  Kim Kun-woo ( born 1980 ) , South Korean track and field athlete  Park Gun-woo ( born 1981 ) , South Korean Olympic sailing team member  Cho Gun-woo ( born 1988 ) , South Korean badminton player  Lee Gun-woo ( born 1989 ) , member of South Korean band My Name  Park Keon-woo ( born 1991 ) , South Korean track cyclist   Fictional characters with this name include :  Kang Gun-woo , in 2008 South Korean television series Beethoven Virus  Min Gun-woo , in 2008 South Korean television series Temptation of Wife

neg: Tell Me (Wonder Girls song) `` Tell Me '' is a song performed by South Korean girl group , Wonder Girls from their debut album , The Wonder Years ( 2007 ) . It was released as the third and lead single on September 13 , 2007 from the album . The song was written and produced by Park Jin-young and it samples Stacey Q 's `` Two of Hearts . '' `` Tell Me ( Rap version ) '' , featuring Yubin 's rap verse , was added as a B-side on their second maxi single , So Hot . Yubin is credited as the writer of the version . `` Tell Me '' was a strong hit from the group , topping various online and offline charts . It went to number one on various charts and received number one position on KBS 's music chart show Music Bank , staying at that position for seven consecutive weeks and received a triple crown at SBS Inkigayo . The song is notable for its choreography , which was widely imitated and featured on various online video sites .

neg: G-Dragon Kwon Ji-yong ( ; born August 18 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name G-Dragon , is a South Korean rapper , singer-songwriter , record producer , and fashion icon . After six years as a trainee under the record label YG Entertainment , G-Dragon rose to fame in the mid-2000s as one of two rappers in the South Korean hip hop boy band Big Bang . Despite initial lukewarm receptions , the group became one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world .   G-Dragon debuted as a solo artist with the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 . The album was a commercial success and earned the Mnet Asian Music Awards for Album of the Year , while the single of the same name became a number-one hit . G-Dragon later formed a duo with fellow Big Bang member T.O.P to record and release the album GD & TOP ( 2010 ) , which contained the top-five hits `` High High '' , `` Oh Yeah '' , and `` Knock Out '' on the Gaon Digital Chart , while the album peaked at number-one . His first EP One of a Kind ( 2012 ) was critically acclaimed and yielded `` One of a Kind '' , `` Crayon '' , and the number-one `` That XX '' , earning Record of the Year at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards . The EP became the highest-selling album by a Korean soloist since his own Heartbreaker . In 2013 , he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist , which included a four-dome tour in Japan , making him the first Korean soloist to do a dome tour . G-Dragon was awarded Artist of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards following the success of his second studio album Coup d'Etat ( 2013 ) , in addition to the awards of World 's Best Entertainer and World 's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards .   Recognized as one of the most influential leaders in music and fashion in his country and labelled as an `` K-pop icon '' , G-Dragon was named by Forbes the most influential person under 30 in Asia 's entertainment and sports . Producing not only for his band but also for his and his bandmates ' solo releases , G-Dragon has written 22 number one songs .

neg: Lee Seung-yeon Lee Seung-yeon ( born August 18 , 1968 ) is a South Korean actress and talk show host .

neg: Eun-ju Eun-ju , also spelled Eun-joo or Un-ju , is a Korean feminine given name . It was the sixth-most popular name for baby girls born in South Korea in 1970 . The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 26 hanja with the reading `` eun '' and 56 hanja with the reading `` ju '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be used in given names .   People with this name include :   Sportspeople  Lee Eun-ju ( sport shooter ) ( born 1970 ) , South Korean sport shooter  Ha Eun-ju ( born 1986 ) , South Korean swimmer  Jung Eun-ju ( born 1988 ) , South Korean short track speed skater  Kim Un-ju ( born 1989 ) , North Korean weightlifter  Son Eun-ju ( born 1990 ) , South Korean track cyclist  Choe Un-ju ( born 1991 ) , North Korean football player  Kim Un-ju ( footballer , born 1992 ) , North Korean footballer  Kim Un-ju ( footballer , born 1993 ) , North Korean footballer  Kang Un-ju ( born 1995 ) , North Korean recurve archer  Lee Eun-ju ( gymnast ) ( born 1999 ) , South Korean gymnast   Entertainers  Lee Eun-ju ( 1980 -- 2005 ) , South Korean actress  Cho Eun-ju ( born 1983 ) , South Korean beauty pageant titleholder  Go Joon-hee ( born Kim Eun-joo , 1985 ) , South Korean actress  Jung Hye-sung ( born Jung Eun-joo , 1991 ) , South Korean actress  Chyung Eun-ju ( born 1993 ) , South Korean beauty pageant titleholder   Other  Michelle Eunjoo Park Steel ( born 1955 ) , South Korean-born American politician  Eliza Yang ( Korean name Yang Eunju ) , American writer of Korean descent   Fictional characters with this name include :  Kim Eun-joo , in 2000 South Korean film Il Mare  Heo Eun-joo , in 2003 South Korean film A Tale of Two Sisters  Kim Eun-joo , in 2012 South Korean television series Missing You

neg: Park Si-yeon Park Si-yeon ( born Park Mi-seon on March 29 , 1979 ) is a South Korean actress . She joined the Miss Korea pageant in 2000 , and using that as a springboard to an acting career , she made her acting debut in China in 2004 , appearing in minor roles in several CCTV dramas . In 2005 Park was cast in her first starring role in the Korean drama My Girl , though at the time she was more known for dating actor-singer Eric Mun . As she built her filmography in the following years , Park overcame early criticism of her acting skills and eventually gained respect as an actress in TV series such as La Dolce Vita , Coffee House and The Innocent Man , as well as the films The Fox Family , A Love , and The Scent .

neg: Seo Taiji Jeong Hyeon-cheol ( hangul : 정현철 ; born February 21 , 1972 ) , better known as Seo Taiji , is a South Korean singer , musician , songwriter and record producer . After dropping out of high school to pursue a music career , he has risen to become one of the most prominent and influential cultural icons in South Korea , with many referring to him as `` the President of Culture '' .   Following a brief stint in the heavy metal band Sinawe , Taiji formed Seo Taiji and Boys in 1992 with whom he found immediate success . They introduced incorporating elements of popular musical genres from the United States and contributed considerably larger to Korean pop culture and Korean pop 's development in the 1990s . Although he initially announced retirement upon disbanding the group in 1996 , Taiji released his first solo album two years later and continued his successful career .

neg: Hyomin Park Sun-young ( born May 30 , 1989 ) , better known by her stage name Hyomin , is a South Korean singer , songwriter and actress . She is a member of South Korean girl group T-ara .

neg: Mr.Mr. (song) `` Mr.Mr . '' is a Korean song recorded by South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation for their fourth Korean titular extended play ( 2014 ) . The song was released on February 25 , 2014 , as a single from the EP . The song was composed by American production team The Underdogs , who had previously worked with Western artists including Britney Spears , Beyoncé , and Justin Timberlake . A music video for the song was initially planned to be released on February 19 but was postponed to February 28 due to the accidental deletion of some of the original files .   `` Mr.Mr . '' was described as an electropop and pop-R & B song that incorporates a hip hop beat and EDM-influenced buildups . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its musical styles , which were deemed a departure from the group 's signature bubblegum pop sound . The single ranked number 18 on Billboard magazine 's list of 20 Best K-pop Songs of 2014 and was included on Time '' 's list of 25 Best Songs of 2014 ( So Far ) in June 2014 .   To promote the song and the EP , Girls ' Generation appeared on several music programs including M Countdown , Music Bank , Show ! Music Core , and Inkigayo around February and March 2014 . The single was a commercial success in the group 's native country South Korea , peaking atop the Gaon Digital Chart and selling over 900,000 digital units in 2014 . It also charted at number three on the Korea K-Pop Hot 100 and number four on the Billboard '' World Digital Songs .

neg: Doenjang Girl Doenjang girl or Doenjang woman ( hangul : 된장녀 ) is a satirical expression used in South Korea `` for their propensity to scrimp on essentials so they can over-spend on conspicuous luxuries '' . These girls and young women are addicted to luxury and vanity . The Hangul spelling is Doenjang Nyeo .   Doenjang ( hangul : 된장 ; hanja : 된醬 ) is Korean fermented soybean paste . The idea behind the phrase is that such a girl will eat a cheap meal ( doenjang jjigae is one of the cheapest meals in Korea ) in order to buy an expensive latte at Starbucks ( Starbucks drinks in South Korea are among the most expensive in the world ) . The expression became popular on the Internet in South Korea in the early 2000s . Cartoons satirising Doenjang Girls became famous on the internet from 2005 .   A large part of the song `` Gangnam Style '' is a parody of this stereotype .

neg: Baby Baby (Girls' Generation song) `` Baby Baby '' is the fourth single from album Girls ' Generation and later became a title track of its repackaged version with the same name by South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation . It was released on March 17 , 2008 through SM Entertainment .

neg: Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube .   Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world .   Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .

neg: Yeon Min-ji Lee Min-ji ( born May 14 , 1984 ) , better known as stage name Yeon Min-ji , is a South Korean actress and singer . She is also active in Japanese entertainment under the mononym .

neg: Run Devil Run (Girls' Generation song) `` Run Devil Run '' is a song by South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation . The original Korean version was released on March 17 , 2010 as a single from Run Devil Run ( 2010 ) , the reissue of their 2010 studio album Oh ! . A Japanese version was released digitally on January 25 , 2011 by Nayutawave Records , and was later released as a double A-side single with `` Mr. Taxi '' on April 23 , 2011 as the third single from their Japanese self-titled debut studio album .

neg: List of Girls' Generation concert tours South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation ( ; So Nyeo Si Dae ) , known as Shoujo Jidai in Japan , have embarked on three concert tours across Asia , playing to more than 500,000 people . They embarked on their first tour , Into The New World Tour in November 2009 , which then continued into 2010 . Their next tour , The First Japan Tour in support of their first Japanese studio album Girls ' Generation was played to more than 300,000 people , and saw two sold-out audiences at the Saitama Super Arena to a combined audience of 74,000 people . The group followed up the success of their Japan tour by embarking on their eponymously titled third tour , the Girls ' Generation Tour and had the group perform in Hong Kong for the first time . The group toured Japan for the second time , in 2013 , with a total of 20 stops on their Second Japanese Tour . In addition to their own songs , the group perform cover versions of their favorite artists , such as Britney Spears .   In addition to their own headlining tours , the group has participated in three SMTown tours , two of which have been worldwide . The first was SMTown Live ' 08 , and the following SMTown Live '10 World Tour saw the group ( along with fellow SMTown acts ) become the first Asian singers in history to reach the top 10 on the US Billboard Concert Boxcore chart . The group also performed on SMTown Live World Tour III , which stopped in the United States , Taiwan , Japan , South Korea , Singapore , Thailand , and Indonesia .

neg: I Just Wanna Dance I Just Wan na Dance is the debut extended play by South Korea-based American singer Tiffany . It was released by S.M. Entertainment on May 11 , 2016 . Lee Soo-man , former president of S.M. Entertainment , served as executive producer on the EP . The EP marked the official solo debut of Tiffany after having been known as a member of South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation for nearly nine years . Musically , the record is a primarily synthpop album with elements of trap and R&B that draws heavy influence from American female artists of the 1990s .   Tiffany promoted the EP in South Korea by holding a debut showcase at SMTown COEX Artium in Seoul on May 10 , 2016 and through a six-leg concert titled Weekend-Tiffany in June 2016 . She also appeared on several music shows including M Countdown and Show Champion . The title track `` I Just Wan na Dance '' was released as the lead single from the EP . Upon its release , I Just Wan na Dance received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who praised Tiffany 's vocals while comparing its styles to those of works by Carly Rae Jepsen , Ariana Grande and Mariah Carey . The EP was also well received commercially , peaking at numbers three on South Korea 's Gaon Album Chart and US Billboard World Albums Chart .


query: Pirates of the Caribbean is set in a fictional future setting.

pos: Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney 's theme park ride of the same name .   Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski ( 1 -- 3 ) , Rob Marshall ( 4 ) , and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg ( 5 ) . The series is primarily written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio ( 1 -- 4 ) ; other writers include Stuart Beattie ( 1 ) , Jay Wolpert ( 1 ) , and Jeff Nathanson ( 5 ) . The stories follow the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow ( Johnny Depp ) , Will Turner ( Orlando Bloom ) , and Elizabeth Swann ( Keira Knightley ) . Characters such as Hector Barbossa ( Geoffrey Rush ) and Joshamee Gibbs ( Kevin McNally ) follow Jack , Will , and Elizabeth in the course of the films . The fourth film features Blackbeard ( Ian McShane ) and Angelica ( Penélope Cruz ) , while the fifth film features Armando Salazar ( Javier Bardem ) , Henry Turner ( Brenton Thwaites ) and Carina Smyth ( Kaya Scodelario ) . The films take place in a fictional historical setting ; a world ruled by the British Empire , the East India Trading Company ( based on the real East India Company ) , and the Spanish Empire , with pirates representing freedom from the ruling powers .   The film series started in 2003 with Pirates of the Caribbean : The Curse of the Black Pearl , which received positive reviews from the critics and grossed US$ 654 million worldwide . After the first film 's success , Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works . The franchise 's second film , subtitled Dead Man 's Chest , was released three years later in 2006 ; the sequel proved successful , breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere . Dead Man 's Chest ended up being the number one film of the year upon earning almost $ 1.1 billion at the worldwide box office . The third film in the series , subtitled At World 's End , followed in 2007 , and Disney released a fourth film , subtitled On Stranger Tides , in 2011 in conventional 2D , Digital 3-D and IMAX 3D . On Stranger Tides succeeded in also grossing more than $ 1 billion , becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this .   So far , the film franchise has grossed $ 4 billion worldwide ; it is the ninth highest-grossing film series of all-time and it was the first franchise where more than one film grossed $ 1 billion worldwide .

neg: Outline of Trinidad and Tobago The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Trinidad and Tobago :   Trinidad and Tobago -- sovereign island nation located in the Lesser Antilles Archipelago in the southeastern Caribbean Sea . Trinidad and Tobago lies northeast of Venezuela and south of the island nation of Grenada . It also shares maritime boundaries with Barbados to the northeast and Guyana to the southeast . The country covers an area of 5,128 square kilometers ( 1,979 sq mi ) and consists of two main islands , Trinidad and Tobago , and numerous smaller landforms . Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the main islands ; Tobago is much smaller , comprising about 6 % of the total area and 4 % of the population . The nation lies outside the hurricane belt .   Officially Trinidadians or Tobagonians , the people from Trinidad and Tobago are often informally referred to as Trinbagonians or Trinis ( for Trinidadians ) . Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean , Trinidad and Tobago is a primarily industrialised country whose economy is based on petroleum and petrochemicals . Trinidad and Tobago is famous for its pre-Lenten Carnival and as the birthplace of steelpan , calypso , chutney , chutney-soca , pichakaree , chut-kai-pang , cariso , kaiso , parang , soca , and limbo .

neg: Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( Mar Caribe Mer des Caraïbes Caraïbische Zee ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere . It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west , to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba , to the east by the Lesser Antilles , and to the south by the north coast of South America .   The entire area of the Caribbean Sea , the numerous islands of the West Indies , and adjacent coasts , are collectively known as the Caribbean . The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 km2 ( 1,063,000 sq mi ) . The sea 's deepest point is the Cayman Trough , between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica , at 7,686 m ( 25,220 ft ) below sea level . The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays : the Gulf of Gonâve , Gulf of Venezuela , Gulf of Darién , Golfo de los Mosquitos , Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras .   The Caribbean Sea has the world 's second biggest barrier reef , the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef . It runs 1000 km along the coasts of Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , and Honduras .

neg: Merchant Prince Merchant Prince is a turn-based 4X strategy video game franchise set the Republic of Venice during the Renaissance . The first was published in 1993 ; in 1995 ; and in 2001 . All three were developed by Holistic Design ( HDI ) but had separate publishers . The first two use MS-DOS ; the third Windows . All three support up to four players and differ chiefly in their graphics and user interface .   In general , the games are trade simulators where items are bought low , transported , and sold high . They achieved notability , however , for their representation of Venetian and papal politics , with players able to bribe senators and cardinals for political , military , and religious power . Overt attacks against other players can destroy one 's popularity and influence , but the game offers a thieves ' den where covert options include arson , rumor-mongering , and assassination . The games are won after a predetermined number of turns ( years ) by the player with the highest net worth , including the value of bribed senators and cardinals .   The game 's world map has been praised as `` capturing what exploring is really like '' , as the player expands beyond the known and certain world into distant seas and lands which have been filled in only by rumor , legend , and wild speculation .

neg: Davy Jones (Pirates of the Caribbean) Davy Jones is a fictional character in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series , portrayed by Bill Nighy . He appears in the second and third films , Dead Man 's Chest and At World 's End , respectively , and cameos in the series ' fifth installment , Dead Men Tell No Tales . He is the captain of the Flying Dutchman ( based on the ghost ship of the same name ) .   The computer-generated imagery used to complete Jones was named by Entertainment Weekly as the tenth favorite computer generated film character in film history , only behind King Kong in 2007 . The work on Davy Jones by Industrial Light and Magic earned them the 2006 Academy Award for Visual Effects for Dead Man 's Chest '' .   The character is based on the superstition of Davy Jones ' Locker . In contrast to the historical legends , the film 's Jones is a villain .

neg: Cyberpunk derivatives A number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction . These derivatives , though they do not share cyberpunk 's computers-focused setting , may display other qualities drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk : a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level ( this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology , akin to retro-futurism ) , a gritty transreal urban style , or a particular approach to social themes .   The most successful of these subgenres , Steampunk , has been defined as a `` kind of technological fantasy '' , and others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy . Scholars have written of these subgenres ' stylistic place in postmodern literature , and also their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism .   American author Bruce Bethke coined the term `` cyberpunk '' in his 1980 short story of the same name , proposing it as a label for a new generation of punk teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age . The term was quickly appropriated as a label to be applied to the works of William Gibson , Bruce Sterling , John Shirley , Rudy Rucker , Michael Swanwick , Pat Cadigan , Lewis Shiner , Richard Kadrey , and others . Science fiction author Lawrence Person , in defining postcyberpunk , summarized the characteristics of cyberpunk thus :  Classic cyberpunk characters were marginalized , alienated loners who lived on the edge of society in generally dystopic futures where daily life was impacted by rapid technological change , an ubiquitous datasphere of computerized information , and invasive modification of the human body .   The relevance of cyberpunk as a genre to punk subculture is debatable and further hampered by the lack of a defined cyberpunk subculture ; where the small cyber movement shares themes with cyberpunk fiction and draws inspiration from punk and goth alike , cyberculture is much more popular though much less defined , encompassing virtual communities and cyberspace in general and typically embracing optimistic anticipations about the future . Cyberpunk is nonetheless regarded as a successful genre , as it ensnared many new readers and provided the sort of movement that postmodern literary critics found alluring . Furthermore , author David Brin argues , cyberpunk made science fiction more attractive and profitable for mainstream media and the visual arts in general .

neg: Territorial evolution of the Caribbean This is a timeline of the territorial evolution of the Caribbean and nearby areas of North , Central , and South America , listing each change to the internal and external borders of the various countries that make up the region .   The region covered is the Caribbean , its islands ( most of which enclose the sea ) , and the surrounding coasts , as well as the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico , Florida , Central America , and the northern region of South America .   The political evolution of the land surrounding the Caribbean reveals the significant role the region played in the colonial struggles of the European powers since Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492 . In the 20th century the Caribbean was again important during World War II , in the decolonization wave in the post-war period , and in the tension between Communist Cuba and the United States ( U.S. ) . Genocide , slavery , immigration and rivalry between world powers have given Caribbean history an impact disproportionate to the size of this small region .   At the time of the European discovery of most of the islands of the Caribbean , three major Amerindian indigenous peoples lived on the islands : the Taíno in the Greater Antilles , The Bahamas and the Leeward Islands ; the Island Caribs and Galibi in the Windward Islands ; and the Ciboney in western Cuba . The Taínos are subdivided into Classic Taínos , who occupied Hispaniola and Puerto Rico , Western Taínos , who occupied Cuba , Jamaica , and the Bahamian archipelago , and the Eastern Taínos , who occupied the Leeward Islands . Trinidad was inhabited by both Carib speaking and Arawak-speaking groups .

neg: The Black Pirates The Black Pirates is a 1954 Ansco Color adventure film made by Salvador Films Corp. about a band of pirates scouring a small Central American town for a buried treasure . It was directed by Allen H. Miner and produced from a screenplay by Fred Freiberger and Al C. Ward based on the story by Johnston McCulley .   The film stars Anthony Dexter and Martha Roth with Robert Clarke , Toni Gerry and Lon Chaney Jr. . .   The tagline of the movie was `` Wild Raiders of the Tropic Seas ! '' . It was filmed on location in Panchimalco , El Salvador . Filming started in mid-June 1954 and the movie was released in December and distributed in Latin America under the title El Pirata Negro .   The Black Pirates was the first film that Cinema Research Corporation was hired to do the special effects for .

neg: Port Royale: Gold, Power and Pirates Port Royale is a business simulation game set in the Caribbean and partly the Atlantic during the 16th and 17th centuries . Created by Ascaron Entertainment in 2003 , it combines business -- economic simulation with real-time battles and towns that can be visited for trade and other purposes . The sequel Port Royale 2 was released about a year after in September 2004 .   On 2 August 2011 the publisher Kalypso Media who purchased many of the licenses and assets from Ascaron Entertainment during its insolvency , announced that they had acquired the licences of the Port Royale installment . They announced also that they were already working on the third title which is named `` Port Royale 3 '' and it was released for the PC and consoles -- without mentioning which consoles was meant . Therefore , Port Royale 3 was actually released on the second quarter of 2012 .  Kalypso Media also demonstrated Port Royale 3 with a playable preview upon the Gamescom trade fair which was held from 17 to 21 August 2011 at Cologne , Germany .   It is an open-ended game and the players can choose any type of career that they wish , including trading and interactions with pirates ( including privateering ) .   There are also many other activities in the game besides trading or hunting down pirates . Players can visit governors in towns and accept missions from them as long as their reputation with the country is good enough . Missions include armed transport and tracking down lost relatives that have been kidnapped by an NPC called Axesmith ( whom the player can choose , eventually , to defeat outright in battle ) . Treasure maps , purchased in pieces from around the game board , can also lead to newfound wealth and even the creation of a private port .   An important part of the game are the colonial nations in the Caribbean ( Spain , France , England and The Netherlands ) and their relationships .   There are a total of 12 different ship types available to players , of increasing cost , efficacy in battle and room for cargo . They range from the small pinnace , to a large ship of the line .

neg: Barrel children Barrel children are children who are abandoned or `` left behind '' by their parents who are seeking a better life abroad .   Dr. Claudette Crawford-Brown , the University of the West Indies academic who first described the phenomenon of barrel children , defines `` barrel children '' as those children who , while waiting in the Caribbean to migrate to their parents in the metropoles of North America and the United Kingdom , receive material resources in the form of food and clothing in lieu of direct care . Dr. Crawford-Brown , in her publication Who will save our children : The plight of the Jamaican child in the nineties , showed that these children have surrogate parents who are often unable to give them the emotional support and nurturance that they need , most of these children may be instead raised by grandparents or close relatives .   The impact on these children of this type of neglect includes a range of emotional and behavioural problems including run-away behaviour , withdrawal , depression , and , in some cases , acting-out behaviour . The Trinidad and Tobago News said that for `` barrel children the psychological scars have been great and have been troubling factors unto the second , third and fourth generations . ''   The Wellcome Trust discussed barrel children in an article focusing on violence in the Caribbean while it was the title and subject of a short film by Cara Elmslie Weir about a Trinidadian family split by migration , the parents `` sending barrels full of material goods '' from the U.S.A. to their children in Trinidad .   UNICEF in Jamaica agreed that `` Migration of parents who seek more lucrative employment abroad has had a negative impact on Jamaican children . Some children are left in the care of strangers , neighbours or even older siblings who are still children . These so-called `` barrel children '' are left without parental guidance or adult supervision and with access to significant material resources in the form of cash remittances and barrels of clothing and toys sent by absentee parents . ''   It has also been discussed in Caribbean Studies Journals , conferences on the Caribbean , the Trinidad Guardian and Trinidad Newsday . Discussing absent parents The Trinidad Guardian noted that `` At holiday time , they ship their barrels of love , disguised as brand-name sneakers and clothing , believing that these would make their children happy and make up for them being not around . But the fact remains that children are deprived of the real love of their parents . ''   An article published in Newsweek by Brook Larmar entitled the `` Barrel Children '' dramatised the problem in its effects on one particular family . `` The cardboard barrel has been sitting empty in Marsha Flowers 's backyard for more than a month now , but the Jamaican teenager hangs onto it as though it were a sacred totem . And in a way , it is . Five years after her mother immigrated to the United States , leaving Marsha and two sisters to fend for themselves in a Kingston slum , the barrel is one of the few tangible signs of her mother 's love - and of her own frustrated desires . ''   Blogs also exist highlighting the experiences of barrel children . Memories of a Caribbean Barrel Child was created by Dr. Anthony Salandy ( a native of Trinidad and Tobago ) to shed light of the experiences and outcomes associated with being a barrel child .

neg: Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves .   Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas .   Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .

neg: Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) .   Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day .   In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans .   The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward .   The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico .   Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice .   The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells .   Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''

neg: Global Digital News Global Digital News ( GDN ) is a fake news venture group .   GDN `` released '' a `` news story '' supposedly by a local news station involving a string of homicides that took place on several islands throughout the South Pacific . In the videos , GDN speculated that the killings were related , and the story was picked up by several media news outlets . The series of reports was referred to as `` perfect getaways gone wrong , '' referencing the fact that murder victims were vacationing couples . Four reports total have been completed on the series .   As of August 4 , 2009 , the network 's YouTube channel was linked to from an ad on YouTube 's homepage for `` A Perfect Getaway '' , an upcoming movie , causing many people to suspect that the entire network is only a marketing scheme for the movie .   Although these suspicions are confirmed by performing a whois search on the `` official site '' , they are the truth . The registered owner of globaldigitalnews.org is Universal City Studios , better known as Universal Studios , a wholly owned subsidiary of NBC Universal , a distributor and production company on the upcoming film under the subsidiary Rogue Pictures .

neg: Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened  `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . '   `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay .   Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) .   Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' ''  ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) .   Implications   Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied .   Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) .   Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) .   Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) .   Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World .   Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 .   Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham ,  NC : Duke University Press .   Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 .   Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis .   Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .

neg: Space opera Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction that emphasizes space warfare , melodramatic adventure , interplanetary battles , as well as chivalric romance , and often risk-taking . Set mainly or entirely in outer space , it usually involves conflict between opponents possessing advanced abilities , futuristic weapons , and other sophisticated technology . The term has no relation to music but is instead a play on the terms `` soap opera '' and `` horse opera '' , the latter of which was coined during the 1930s to indicate clichéd and formulaic Western movies . Space operas emerged in the 1930s and they continue to be produced in literature , film , comics , and video games .   Notable space opera novels include the Foundation series ( 1942 -- 1999 ) by Isaac Asimov , the Lensman series ( 1948-1954 ) by E. E. Smith and the Ender 's Game series ( 1985 -- present ) by Orson Scott Card . An early notable space opera film was Flash Gordon ( 1936 -- present ) created by Alex Raymond . In the late 1970s , the Star Wars franchise ( 1977 -- present ) created by George Lucas brought a great deal of attention to the subgenre .

neg: Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction .   More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .

neg: Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands ( -LSB- ˈkeɪmən -RSB- or -LSB- keɪ 'm æn -RSB- ) is a British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean Sea . The 264 km2 territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman , Cayman Brac and Little Cayman located south of Cuba , northeast of Costa Rica , north of Panama , east of Mexico and northwest of Jamaica . Its population is approximately 60,000 , and its capital is George Town .   The Cayman Islands are considered to be part of the geographic Western Caribbean Zone as well as the Greater Antilles . The territory is often considered a major world offshore financial haven for many wealthy individuals .

neg: Gulf of Honduras The Gulf or Bay of Honduras is a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea , indenting the coasts of Belize , Guatemala , and Honduras . From north to south , it runs for approximately 200 km from Dangriga , Belize , to La Ceiba , Honduras .   The inner Gulf of Honduras is lined by the Belize Barrier Reef which forms the southern part of the 900 km long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System , the second-largest coral reef system in the world . The Belize Barrier Reef includes a number of small islands , called cays , and collectively known as the Pelican Cays .   The Gulf of Honduras is marked by complex dynamics of coastal and open waters , and ocean currents , which have produced a very diverse and unique ecosystem with a wide variety of coastal marine waters , including coastline estuaries , barrier beaches , lagoons , intertidal salt marshes , mangrove forests , seagrass beds , keys and barrier reefs .   The gulf receives the runoff from the watersheds of 12 rivers with an estimated discharge of 1232 m ³ s − 1 . These rivers include the Moho , Sarstún , Río Dulce , Motagua , and Ulúa . Increased volumes of sediments drained in the Gulf of Honduras pose a threat to its marine ecosystem .   Many American anglers visit the Gulf of Honduras to catch the marlin that abound there . Tourists are often taken on boat trips to the Pelican Cays , notably Caye Caulker and Ambergris Caye .   In 1961 Hurricane Hattie swept across the Gulf of Honduras , destroying buildings in Belize .   The infamous pirate Blackbeard spent the winter of 1717-1718 harassing shipping boats sailing to and from the port of Vera Cruz , Mexico and traversing the Bay of Honduras . In April 1718 , at Turneffe Atoll , Blackbeard captured the logwood cutting sloop Adventure and forced its captain , David Herriot , to join him . Blackbeard then made Israel Hands captain of the Adventure and began sailing for North Carolina .

neg: Virgin Islands Americans Virgin Islands Americans are Americans from the U.S. Virgin Islands or British Virgin Islands who reside in the continental United States , or continental Americans of Virgin Islands heritage .   Persons born in the U.S. Virgin Islands are United States citizens , and as a result do not go through the legal immigration procedures a typical West Indies immigrant would . They are also , due to cultural affinities with the Anglophone Caribbean , U.S. Virgin Islanders in the U.S. are considered part of the Caribbean American immigrant community .   It is difficult to determine how many Virgin Islanders reside in the United States . According to the 2000 U.S. Census , there are 15,014 of U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry residing in the continental United States . However , a count of American residents with `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry '' excludes most U.S. Virgin Islands-born immigrants in the United States . Because of a high incidence of inter-Caribbean migration throughout the 1960s and 1970s , most native-born U.S. Virgin Islanders today are one or two generations removed from other Caribbean islands and would not necessarily define themselves as having `` U.S. Virgin Islands ancestry . '' For example , Tim Duncan is a St. Croix native with Anguillian ancestry .   The population of immigrants of British Virgin Islands origin in the United States is also difficult to determine , as they are not specifically counted in the U.S. Census , but grouped with other Caribbean British Overseas Territories as `` British West Indies . ''

neg: Archipelagic state An archipelagic state is any internationally recognized state or country that comprises a series of islands that form an archipelago . The term is defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in order to define what borders such states should be allowed to claim .   In various conferences , Fiji , Indonesia , Papua New Guinea , the Bahamas , and the Philippines are the five sovereign states that obtained approval in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay , Jamaica on December 10 , 1982 and qualified as archipelagic states .   Archipelagic states are states that are composed of groups of islands forming a state as a single unit , with the islands and the waters within the baselines as internal waters . Under this concept ( `` archipelagic doctrine '' ) , an archipelago shall be regarded as a single unit , so that the waters around , between , and connecting the islands of the archipelago , irrespective of their breadth and dimensions , form part of the internal waters of the state , and are subject to its exclusive sovereignty .   The approval of the United Nations for the five sovereign states as archipelagic states respect existing agreements with other countries and shall recognize traditional fishing rights and other legitimate activities of the immediately adjacent neighboring countries in certain areas falling within archipelagic waters . The terms and conditions for the exercise of such rights and activities , including the nature , the extent and the areas to which they apply , shall , at the request of any of the countries concerned , be regulated by bilateral agreements between them . Such rights shall not be transferred to or shared with third countries or their nationals .

neg: Environmental impacts of tourism in the Caribbean The economy in the Caribbean region is highly dependent on its tourism industry ; in 2013 , this industry constituted 14 % of their total GDP . This region is largely appealing for the sun , sand , and sea scene . Despite the fact that tourism is very reliant on the natural environment of the region , it has negative environmental impacts . These impacts include marine pollution and degradation , as well as a high demand of water and energy resources . In particular , the degradation of coral reefs has a large impact on the environment of the Caribbean . Environmental damage affects the tourism industry ; therefore , the tourism sector , along with the public sector , makes efforts to protect the environment for economic and ethical reasons . Although these efforts are not always effective , there are continuous efforts for improvement .