query: Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans.

pos: Cannibalism Cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings . A person who practices cannibalism is called a cannibal . The expression cannibalism has been extended into zoology to mean one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food , including sexual cannibalism .   The Island Carib people of the Lesser Antilles , from whom the word cannibalism derives , acquired a long-standing reputation as cannibals following the recording of their legends in the 17th century . Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends and the prevalence of actual cannibalism in the culture . Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans in many parts of the world , continuing into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures , and to the present day in parts of tropical Africa . Cannibalism was practiced in New Guinea and in parts of the Solomon Islands , and flesh markets existed in some parts of Melanesia . Fiji was once known as the `` Cannibal Isles '' . Cannibalism has been well documented around the world , from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo to Māori New Zealand . Neanderthals are believed to have practiced cannibalism , and Neanderthals may have been eaten by anatomically modern humans .   Cannibalism has recently been both practiced and fiercely condemned in several wars , especially in Liberia and Congo . It is still practiced in Papua New Guinea as of 2012 for cultic reasons and in ritual and in war in various Melanesian tribes . Cannibalism has been said to test the bounds of cultural relativism as it challenges anthropologists `` to define what is or is not beyond the pale of acceptable human behavior . ''   Cannibalism has been occasionally practiced as a last resort by people suffering from famine , including in modern times . Famous examples include the ill-fated Westward expedition of the Donner Party ( 1846-7 ) and , more recently , the crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 ( 1972 ) , after which some survivors ate the bodies of dead passengers . Also , some mentally ill people obsess about eating others and actually do so , such as Jeffrey Dahmer and Albert Fish . There is resistance to formally labeling cannibalism as a mental disorder .

neg: Infanticide (zoology) In animals , infanticide involves the killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species , and is studied in zoology , specifically in the field of ethology . Ovicide is the analogous destruction of eggs . The practice has been observed in many other species throughout the animal kingdom , especially primates ( primate infanticide ) . These include microscopic rotifers , insects , fish , amphibians , birds and mammals . Infanticide can be practiced by both males and females .   Infanticide caused by sexual conflict has the general theme of the killer ( often male ) becoming the new sexual partner of the victim 's parent , which would otherwise be unavailable . This represents a gain in fitness by the killer , and a loss in fitness by the parents of the offspring killed . This is a type of evolutionary struggle between the two sexes , in which the victim sex may have counter-adaptations that reduce the success of this practice . It may also occur for other reasons , such as the struggle for food between females . In this case individuals may even kill closely related offspring .   Filial infanticide occurs when a parent kills its own offspring . This sometimes involves consumption of the young themselves , which is termed filial cannibalism . The behavior is widespread in fishes , and is seen in terrestrial animals as well . Human infanticide has been recorded in almost every culture . A unique aspect of human infanticide is sex-selective infanticide .

neg: History of slavery The history of slavery spans many cultures , nationalities , and religions from ancient times to the present day . However the social , economic , and legal positions of slaves were vastly different in different systems of slavery in different times and places .   Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records , such as the Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi ( c. 1860 BC ) , which refers to it as an established institution , and it was common among ancient peoples .   Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations , because it is developed as a system of social stratification . Slavery was known in the very first civilizations such as Sumer in Mesopotamia which dates back as far as 3500 BC , as well as in almost every other civilization . The Byzantine -- Ottoman wars and the Ottoman wars in Europe resulted in the taking of large numbers of Christian slaves . Slavery became common within much of Europe during the Dark Ages and it continued into the Middle Ages . The Dutch , French , Spanish , Portuguese , British , Arabs and a number of West African kingdoms played a prominent role in the Atlantic slave trade , especially after 1600 . David P. Forsythe wrote : `` The fact remained that at the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom . '' Denmark-Norway was the first European country to ban the slave trade in 1802 .   Although slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world , human trafficking remains an international problem and an estimated 25-40 million people are enslaved today . During the 1983 -- 2005 Second Sudanese Civil War people were taken into slavery . Although Slavery in Mauritania was criminalized in August 2007 , in Mauritania it is estimated that up to 600,000 men , women and children , or 20 % of the population , are currently enslaved , many of them used as bonded labor . Evidence emerged in the late 1990s of systematic slavery on cacao plantations in West Africa ; see the chocolate and slavery article .

neg: Coprophilia Coprophilia ( from Greek κόπρος , kópros -- excrement and φιλία , philía -- liking , fondness ) , also called scatophilia or scat ( Greek : σκατά , skatá-feces ) , is the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces . In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) , published by the American Psychiatric Association , it is classified under 302.89 -- Paraphilia NOS ( Not Otherwise Specified ) and has no diagnostic criteria other than a general statement about paraphilias that says `` the diagnosis is made if the behavior , sexual urges , or fantasies cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social , occupational , or other important areas of functioning '' . Furthermore , the DSM-IV-TR notes , `` Fantasies , behaviors , or objects are paraphilic only when they lead to clinically significant distress or impairment ( e.g. are obligatory , result in sexual dysfunction , require participation of nonconsenting individuals , lead to legal complications , interfere with social relationships ) '' .   Although there may be no connection between coprophilia and sadomasochism ( SM ) , the limited data on the former comes from studies of the latter . A study of 164 males in Finland from two SM clubs found that 18.2 % had engaged in coprophilia ; 3 % as a sadist , 6.1 % as a masochist , and 9.1 % as both . 18 % of heterosexuals and 17 % of homosexuals in the study pool had tried coprophilia , showing no statistically significant difference between heterosexuals and homosexuals . In a separate article analyzing 12 men who engaged in bestiality , an additional analysis of an 11-man subgroup revealed that 6 had engaged in coprophilic behavior , compared with only 1 in the matched control group consisting of 12 SM-oriented males who did not engage in bestiality .

neg: History of male circumcision The oldest documentary evidence of male circumcision comes from ancient Egypt . Circumcision was common , although not universal , among ancient Semitic peoples . In the aftermath of the conquests of Alexander the Great , however , Greek dislike of circumcision ( they regarded a man as truly `` naked '' only if his prepuce was retracted ) led to a decline in its incidence among many peoples that had previously practiced it .   Circumcision has ancient roots among several ethnic groups in sub-equatorial Africa , and is still performed on adolescent boys to symbolize their transition to warrior status or adulthood . Male circumcision and/or subincision , often as part of an intricate coming of age ritual , was a common practice among Australian Aborigines and Pacific islanders at first contact with Western travellers . It is still practiced in the traditional way by a proportion of the population .

neg: Hypercarnivore A hypercarnivore is an animal which has a diet that is more than 70 % meat , with the balance consisting of non-animal foods such as fungi , fruits or other plant material . Some examples include crocodiles , alligators , owls , shrikes , eagles , felids , dolphins , snakes , marlin , spiders , scorpions and most sharks . Every species in the Felidae family , including the domesticated cat , is a hypercarnivore in its natural state . Some well-known hypercarnivorous invertebrates are octopuses and starfish . Additionally , this term is also used in paleobiology to describe taxa of animals which have an increased slicing component of their dentition relative to the grinding component . Hypercarnivores need not be apex predators . For example , salmon are exclusively carnivorous , yet they are prey at all stages of life for a variety of organisms .   Many prehistoric mammals of the clade Carnivoramorpha ( Carnivora and Miacoidea without Creodonta ) , along with the early order Creodonta , and some mammals of the even earlier order Cimolesta , were hypercarnivores . The earliest carnivorous mammal is considered to be Cimolestes , which existed during the Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods in North America about 66 million years ago . Theropod dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus rex that existed during the late Cretaceous , although not mammals , were obligate carnivores .   Large hypercarnivores evolved frequently in the fossil record , often in response to an ecological opportunity afforded by the decline or extinction of previously dominant hypercarnivorous taxa . While the evolution of large size and carnivory may be favored at the individual level , it can lead to a macroevolutionary decline , wherein such extreme dietary specialization results in reduced population densities and a greater vulnerability for extinction . As a result of these opposing forces , the fossil record of carnivores is dominated by successive clades of hypercarnivores that diversify and decline , only to be replaced by new hypercarnivorous clades .   As an example of related species with differing diets , even though they diverged only 150,000 years ago ,  the polar bear is the most highly carnivorous bear ( more than 90 % of its diet is meat ) while the grizzly bear is one of the least carnivorous in many locales , with less than 10 % of its diet being meat .

neg: Female infanticide Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children . In countries with a history of female infanticide , the modern practice of sex-selective abortion is often discussed as a closely related issue . Female infanticide is a major cause of concern in several nations such as China and India . It has been argued that the `` low status '' in which women are viewed in patriarchal societies creates a bias against females .   In 1978 , anthropologist Laila Williamson , in a summary of data she had collated on how widespread infanticide was among both tribal and developed , or `` civilized '' nations , found that infanticide had occurred on every continent and was carried out by groups ranging from hunter gatherers to highly developed societies and that rather than this practice being an exception , it has been commonplace . The practice has been well documented among the indigenous peoples of Australia , Northern Alaska and South Asia , and Barbara Miller argues the practice to be `` almost universal '' , even in the West . Miller contends that in regions where women are not employed in agriculture and regions in which dowries are the norm then female infanticide is commonplace , and in 1871 in The Descent of Man , and Selection in Relation to Sex , Charles Darwin wrote that the practice was commonplace among the aboriginal tribes of Australia .   In 1990 , Amartya Sen writing in the New York Review of Books estimated that there were 100 million fewer women in Asia than would be expected , and that this amount of `` missing '' women `` tell -LSB- s -RSB- us , quietly , a terrible story of inequality and neglect leading to the excess mortality of women . '' Initially Sen 's suggestion of gender bias was contested and it was suggested that hepatitis B was the cause of the alteration in the natural sex ratio . However it is now widely accepted that the numerical worldwide deficit in women , is due to gender specific abortions , infanticide and neglect .   In seventh-century Arabia , before Islamic culture became established , female infanticide was widely practiced . This is attributed by scholars to the fact that women were deemed `` property '' within those societies . Others have speculated that to prevent their daughters from a life of misery , the mothers would kill the child . With the arrival of Islamic rule the practice was made illegal .

neg: Hunger in the United Kingdom Chronic hunger has affected a sizable proportion of the UK 's population throughout most of its history . The problem was largely solved with the improved economic conditions that followed World War II . Yet since the lasting global inflation in the price of food that began in late 2006 , and especially since the financial crisis of 2008 , severe hunger has once again began to affect thousands of Britons . By December 2013 , according to a group of doctors and academics writing in The British Medical Journal , hunger in the UK had reached the level of a `` public health emergency '' .   In the run up to the 2015 general election , the issue of hunger in the UK became somewhat politicised , with right wing commentators expressing scepticism about figures presented by church groups and left leaning activitists . An All-Party MP group focusing on hunger in the UK has called for activists to be cautious in how they discuss the problem of domestic hunger , as exaggerated claims and political point scoring risk reducing public support for tackling the issue . In a 2016 report , the All-Party group stated it is not possible to accurately quantify the number of people suffering from hunger in the UK , and called for better collection of data .   The UK has seen several changes in prevailing attitudes to the problem of hunger and its relief . In the early 19th century , a view arose that it was counter productive to assist those suffering from hunger ; rather people should be left to fend for themselves , which would help them become more self-sufficient and would also assist the free market to deliver prosperity . By the early 20th century this way of thinking had been largely displaced by the humanitarian view that Britons have a moral duty to help the hungry when they are able .

neg: Origin of the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog is not clear . The domestic dog is a member of genus Canis ( canines ) that forms part of the wolf-like canids , and is the most widely abundant carnivore . The closest living relative of the dog is the gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage . The dog and the extant gray wolf form two sister clades , with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated . The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago , with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago . These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists . The dog was the first domesticated species .   Where the genetic divergence of dog and wolf took place remains controversial , with the most plausible proposals spanning Western Europe , Central Asia , and East Asia . This has been made more complicated by the most recent proposal that fits the available evidence , which is that an initial wolf population split into East and West Eurasian groups ; these , before going extinct , were domesticated independently into two distinct dog populations between 14,000 -- 6,400 years ago . The Western Eurasian dog population was partially and gradually replaced by East Asian dogs introduced by humans at least 6,400 years ago .

neg: Australopithecus bahrelghazali Australopithecus bahrelghazali is a fossil hominin discovered in 1995 by a Franco-Chadian team led by the paleontologist Michel Brunet . Two fossils have been described :   - A mandibular fragment found at Chad east of the Bahr el Ghazal ( `` river of gazelles '' ) to about 45 km from the fort of Koro Toro , by the Franco-Chadian team of Michel Brunet ( paleontologist ) January 23 , 1995 on the site called KT12 . Named after the name of the fossil valley near where it was discovered , cataloged KT12 / H1 , the holotype consists of a mandibular fragment , a lower second incisor , both lower canines , and all four of its premolars , still affixed within the dental alveoli .   - An upper premolar of another individual find on the same place January 1996 . This paratype is cataloged KT12 / H2 .   A third fossil , a fragment of maxilla left , was collected January 16 , 1996 on the site of KT13 , KT12 close neighbor . Cataloged KT13-96-H1 , it appears in a scientific article in 1997 as Australopithecus sp . Indet . before to be named Australopithecus bahrelghazali in 2012 .   Finally , a fourth fossil mandibular fragment with two teeth was unearthed July 18 , 2000 a few kilometers south of the site KT13 on the new site of KT40 . The three sites hominids KT12 , KT13 and KT40 are located at the foot of the same sandy cord , the Goz Kerki , testimony of a former shoreline MégaTchad . The fossil potential of this sector therefore remains important .   Australopithecus bahrelghazali was dated by beryllium-based radiometric dating as living about 3.6 million years ago .   The specimen locality is roughly 2,500 km west of the East African Great Rift Valley , making it far removed from what broadly thought to be the `` cradle '' area of human evolution . ( The specimen 's proper name is KT-12 / H1 ; Brunet named it Abel as a dedication to his deceased colleague Abel Brillanceau . )   The KT-12 / H1 mandible has similar features to the dentition of Australopithecus afarensis , which fact has caused researcher William Kimbel to argue that Abel is not a separate species , but `` falls within the range of variation '' of the species Australopithecus afarensis . By 1996 , Brunet and his team classified KT-12 / H1 as the holotype specimen for Australopithecus bahrelghazali . This claim is difficult to substantiate , as the describers , contrary to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , have kept the specimen locked away from inspection by the general paleoanthropological community .  A. bahrelghazali is unique as it is the only australopithecine fossil found in Central Africa . It is also of great importance as it is the first fossil to show that there is a geographical `` third window '' , that is , beyond East Africa and South Africa , of early hominin evolution .

neg: Human pathogen A human pathogen is a pathogen ( microbe or microorganism such as a virus , bacterium , prion , or fungus ) that causes disease in humans .   The human physiological defense against common pathogens ( such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body 's normal flora and fauna . However , if the immune system or `` good '' microbiota are damaged in any way ( such as by chemotherapy , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , or antibiotics being taken to kill other pathogens ) , pathogenic bacteria that were being held at bay can proliferate and cause harm to the host . Such cases are called opportunistic infections .   Some pathogens ( such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis , which may have caused the Black Plague , the Variola virus , and the malaria protozoa ) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups . Of particular note in modern times is HIV , which is known to have infected several million humans globally , along with the influenza virus . Today , while many medical advances have been made to safeguard against infection by pathogens , through the use of vaccination , antibiotics , and fungicide , pathogens continue to threaten human life . Social advances such as food safety , hygiene , and water treatment have reduced the threat from some pathogens .

neg: Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination .   With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks .   Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .

neg: Miami cannibal attack On May 26 , 2012 , a naked male assailant named Rudy Eugene attacked and gruesomely maimed homeless man Ronald Poppo underneath a tram bridge crossing the MacArthur Causeway in Miami , Florida , making headlines across the world . During the 18-minute filmed encounter Eugene erroneously and erratically accused Poppo of stealing his Bible , then beat him unconscious , removed Poppo 's pants , and bit and chewed the flesh off most of his face above the beard , including his left eye . This rendered Poppo permanently blind in both eyes and grossly disfigured his face . Due to the incident 's bizarrely grotesque nature and subsequent worldwide media coverage , Eugene came to be dubbed the `` Miami Zombie '' and the `` Causeway Cannibal '' . The attack ended when Eugene was fatally shot by a Miami PD officer after failing to respond to commands instructing him to stop , and reportedly even snarled at police .   Although friends and family interviewed immediately afterward filled in details of Eugene 's life , the reason for the attack remains unclear due to Eugene 's death . Eugene , 31 , was employed at a car wash at the time and was a divorced former high school football player with a series of petty criminal arrests from age 16 until most recently in 2009 . Poppo , 65 , a graduate of Manhattan 's prestigious Stuyvesant High School , was homeless and had long been presumed dead by his estranged family . While police sources speculated that the use of a legal recreational synthetic stimulant party drug such as `` bath salts '' ( which have a notorious reputation for the psychotic effects of the drug on some individuals ) might have been a contributing factor , experts expressed doubt about this hypothesis , since toxicology reports were only able to identify cannabis/marijuana in Eugene 's system , leaving the ultimate cause of his behavior unknown .

neg: Ogre An ogre ( feminine ogress ) is a term used in myth and folk tales for a variety of abominable and brutish hominid monsters , informally large , unpleasant , grotesque , predatory , and typically cannibalistic towards normal human beings , infants , and children . Ogres and similar creatures feature in mythology , folklore , and fiction around the world , appearing in many classic works of literature and fairy tales .   Ogres vary in size depending on the depiction , ranging from moderately large and heavyset by human standards to inhuman and disproportionate giants . Common features include oversized heads and mouths , animal-like bodily hair , discolored skin , extreme physical strength , a voracious appetite , and a generally hideous appearance , odor , and manner . Ogres overlap heavily with giants in mythology and may be considered a subtype thereof ; they also overlap with human cannibals in fiction . The villainous giant in `` Jack and the Beanstalk '' and `` Jack the Giant Killer '' matches an ogre in description and is sometimes directly termed an ogre in variants , and other man-eating giants such as those in The BFG and the Giant Despair in The Pilgrim 's Progress are highly comparable .   Further examples of famous folktales featuring ogres include Puss in Boots abd `` Hop-o ' - My-Thumb '' ; while the most famous ogres in modern fiction are the eponymous main character Shrek and his wife Fiona from the animated comedy film series of the same name . Other characters and monsters sometimes comparable to or described as ogres in trait include the titular husband in `` Bluebeard '' , the Beast from `` Beauty and the Beast '' , `` Beowulf 's '' enemy Grendel , the Cyclops Polyphemus from Homer 's Odyssey , the related cyclops in the tales of `` Sinbad the Sailor '' , and the oni of Japanese folklore .

neg: Pack hunter A pack hunter or social predator is a predator belonging to the animal kingdom which has evolved to hunt its prey by working together with other members of its species . Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related , and with the exceptions of humans and chimpanzees where only males normally hunt , all individuals in a family group will contribute to hunting . The most commonly known pack hunter is the gray wolf , the closest wild relative of all breeds of domesticated dog . Humans and their closest-living relatives chimpanzees are also pack hunters . Other pack hunting mammals include dolphins , lions , dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas . A number of avian social predators exist , including the Harris 's hawk , butcherbirds , three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes . There are a few cold-blooded pack hunters including simple arthropods such as army ants , the yellow saddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles .   There is a possibility that some non-avian theropod dinosaurs displayed pack behavior as well .   A social animal that always hunts , singly such as the domestic cat , is not a pack hunter .   Pack hunting is typically associated with cooperative breeding and its concentration in the Afrotropical Region is a reflection of this . Most pack hunters are found in the southern African savannas , with a notable absence in tropical rainforests and with the exception of the wolf and coyote , higher latitudes . It is thought that either on the ancient and poor soils of the southern African savanna it is not possible for individual predators to find adequate food , or that the environment 's inherent unpredictability due to ENSO or IOD events means that in very bad conditions it will not be possible to raise the young necessary to prevent declining populations from adult mortality . It is also argued that Africa 's very large area of continuous flat and open country , which was even more extensive while rainforest contracted during glacial periods of the Quaternary , may have helped encourage pack hunting to become much more common than on any other continent .   A shared pack hunting history is thought to be the main conduit through which humans have been able to form a mutual relationship with dogs ( that is , domestication ) , as both species are highly social and inter-dependent . Humans easily take over the dominance hierarchy of dogs as subordinates instinctively follow the `` alpha '' individual and dogs are accustomed to living very close together   When wolves hunt a Moose or Elk , it sometimes takes to deep water to avoid the pack . A wolf response to this behavior is that the pack rests with one or two wolves annoying the prey until it gets fatigued .

neg: Funeral bundle A funeral bundle is a method of enclosing a corpse before burial , practiced by the Paracas culture of the Peruvian Andes . The well-preserved funeral bundles of the Paracas have allowed archaeologists to study their funeral rituals in detail .   The naked body of the deceased is bundled in the fetal position before rigor mortis sets in . A long strip of coarse cotton cloth was then wrapped around the body . Along with the bodies , different kinds of memorabilia have been found , including clothing , food , scraps of cloth or clothed dolls with religious embroidered motifs , and small badges of gold , and these `` gifts '' form the nucleus of the bundle .   In adult burials , one usually finds on this nucleus an additional layer , formed of pieces of ceremonial garments , decorated with embroideries and protected by several sheets of cotton fabric . These were cooked and tied with cord to facilitate the transportation of the bundle to the burial site . Facing the bundle , mourners would place between one and seven ceramic pieces . A pole or a cane indicated the precise place of the burial . Individuals of major status received more textile gifts and , in this case , the number of layers increased substantially : up to three successive layers could be added onto the nucleus . These layers , and in particular the last one , usually contained decorative embroidered cloaks .   The burials have a collective character , as it is thought that related individuals were generally buried together in the caverns dug in the rock or in the sand . In several cases , it has been determined that remains were transported and re-interred some years after death . Burial areas are located next to established living places . Often , an area that was inhabited earlier by the living was reused for the dead , and the ruins of houses and public buildings were often used for this purpose .   Category : Archaeology of death

neg: Poisoned candy myths Poisoned candy myths are urban legends about malevolent strangers hiding poisons or sharp objects such as razor blades , needles , or broken glass in candy and distributing the candy in order to harm random children , especially during Halloween trick-or-treating . These stories serve as modern cautionary tales to children and parents . These stories repeat two themes that are common in urban legends : danger to children and contamination of food .   No cases of strangers killing or permanently injuring children this way have been proven . Commonly , the story appears in the media when a young child dies suddenly after Halloween . Medical investigations into the actual cause of death have always shown that these children did not die from eating candy given to them by strangers . However , in rare cases , adult family members have spread this story in an effort to cover up murder or accidental deaths . In other incidents , a child who has been told about poisoned candy places a dangerous object or substance in a pile of candy and pretends that it was the work of a stranger . This behavior is called the copycat effect .   Folklorists , scholars , and law enforcement experts say that these stories have been `` thoroughly debunked '' .

neg: Child cannibalism Child cannibalism or fetal cannibalism is the act of eating a child or fetus .

neg: Spider cannibalism Spider cannibalism is the act of a spider consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food . In the majority of cases a female spider kills and eats a male spider before , during , or after copulation . Cases in which males eat females are rare .

neg: Aggregation (ethology) In ethology , an aggregation is any form of gathering of organisms and the process of coming together . In some forms groups of unrelated species might form , in which interaction between members of the aggregation might be minimal ; for example herds of grazing zebra and antelopes might combine , both the better to observe the approach of predators , and to improve the odds of escape in the event of attack by predators . Sometimes there might be some interaction , such as mixed flocks of birds that observe each other 's foraging behaviour in searching for food . Sometimes there might be quite orderly common action , such as the queuing up for a resource ; for example different species of fishes may aggregate around a cleaning station where cleaner wrasse and cleaner shrimp are active , more or less taking turns for attention . Such aggregations , where there is no particular association of species or sizes , may be referred to loosely as unstructured aggregations . Commonly they are very temporary and may be loose , with flocks or herds associating casually and separating equally casually within hours .   Structured aggregations tend to be longer-term and of a specific life-cycle function and context . Typically , though not necessarily , they will be of a single species . Often they will be of a single age and possibly of a single sex , such as shoals of fish fry that have specific ecological requirements that are not compatible with those of the mature species . One class of such aggregations comprises groups of adult , but immature `` bachelor '' males of elephants , seals , lions and other animals in which the mature herd will not tolerate males that would begin to compete with the dominant males . Another is when aposematic larvae of certain insects such as some Lepidoptera and Hemiptera form a flock that feed together and may migrate in `` processions '' until they are mature after which some kinds disperse . Most species of migrating birds and mammals flock on a large scale , partly for protection and partly for greater reliability of navigation . In some species of Hemiptera the adults remain with their aggregated immature offspring , sometimes in protective roles .   The range of functions is very wide in detail , but among the more important classes of function are security against predators , success in food location , wide range of mate choice , with concomitant increase of outbreeding opportunities , location with other members of the same species ( sometimes adherence to separate communities can almost amount to parapatric residence when say , different communities of rats or chimpanzees have violent mutual antipathy ) . There also are various forms of educational function , such as in some species where the young must learn the correct mate recognition skills , and in highly intelligent species such as crows and elephants , must learn the necessary social skills and the necessary traditional foraging techniques in their region .   Aggregation activities are not restricted to the animal kingdom ; for one example , a fundamental class of aggregations occurs in the various groups of slime molds , in which separate cells actually aggregate in the process of constructing their reproductive structure .   Category : Ethology

neg: Exocannibalism Exocannibalism ( from Greek Exo - , `` from outside '' and Cannibalism , ` to eat humans ' ) , as opposed to endocannibalism , is the consumption of flesh outside one 's close social group -- for example , eating one 's enemy . When done ritually , it has been associated with being a means of imbibing valued qualities of the victim or as an act of final violence against the deceased in the case of sociopathy , as well as a symbolic expression of the domination of an enemy in warfare . Such practices have been documented in such cultures as the Aztecs from Mexico , the Carib and the Tupinambá from South America .   Historically , it has also been used as a practical expediency in especially desperate attritional or guerrilla warfare when the extreme hunger and the abundance of humans being killed coincide to create conditions ripe for cannibalism .


query: The Adjustment Bureau is a 2011 American science fiction thriller film.

pos: The Adjustment Bureau The Adjustment Bureau is a 2011 American science fiction thriller film loosely based on the Philip K. Dick short story , `` Adjustment Team '' . The film was written and directed by George Nolfi , produced by Chris Moore and stars Matt Damon and Emily Blunt . The cast also includes Anthony Mackie , John Slattery , Michael Kelly , and Terence Stamp . The film tells the story of a young man who discovers that what appear to be chance events in his life are controlled by a technologically advanced intelligence network . After an event not planned by these controllers occurs -- a romantic encounter with a young dancer -- he struggles against their manipulation despite their promise of a great future for him .   The film was released on April 3 , 2011 . It was premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre on February 14 , 2011 , and received positive reviews from critics , who praised Damon 's performance and his chemistry with Blunt . It grossed $ 127 million against a production budget of $ 50 million .

neg: The Humanity Bureau The Humanity Bureau is an upcoming American thriller directed by Rob W. King . It stars Nicolas Cage and Sarah Lind .

neg: Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe .   Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine .   The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .

neg: Rollover (film) Rollover is a 1981 American political thriller film directed by Alan J. Pakula and starring Jane Fonda and Kris Kristofferson . The film was nominated for a Razzie Awards for Worst Actor for Kristofferson .

neg: America (2011 film) America is a 2011 Puerto Rican drama film directed by Sonia Fritz . The film was selected as the Puerto Rican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but was disqualified because of a rule change .

neg: Agricultural Adjustment Act The Agricultural Adjustment Act ( AAA ) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era which boosted agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock . Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops . The money for these subsidies was generated through an exclusive tax on companies which processed farm products . The Act created a new agency , the Agricultural Adjustment Administration , an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture , to oversee the distribution of the subsidies . The Agriculture Marketing Act , which established the Federal Farm Board in 1939 , was seen as a strong precursor to this act .   The bill , in its entirety , can be read here .

neg: Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (film) Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close is a 2011 American drama film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Jonathan Safran Foer , directed by Stephen Daldry and written by Eric Roth . It stars Thomas Horn , Tom Hanks , Sandra Bullock , Max von Sydow , Viola Davis , John Goodman , Jeffrey Wright , and Zoe Caldwell . Production took place in New York City . The film had a limited release in the United States on December 25 , 2011 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , and a wide release on January 20 , 2012 . Despite mixed reviews , the film was nominated for two Academy Awards , Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for von Sydow . The film earned $ 55.2 million . The film was released in Blu-ray , DVD , and digital download formats in Region 1 on March 27 , 2012 .

neg: Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) .   Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 .   The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide .   Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Perfect Sense Perfect Sense , formerly known as The Last Word , is a 2011 science fiction drama film directed by David Mackenzie and written by Kim Fupz Aakeson , starring Eva Green and Ewan McGregor . Scenes were shot in various locations around Glasgow , Mexico City and Kenya . The film premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival .

neg: Budget Control Act of 2011 The Budget Control Act of 2011 is a federal statute in the United States that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on August 2 , 2011 . The Act brought conclusion to the United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011 , which was widely believed would have led the United States into sovereign default on or around August 3 , 2011 .   The law involves the introduction of several complex mechanisms , such as creation of the Congressional Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction ( sometimes called the `` super committee '' ) , options for a balanced budget amendment and automatic budget sequestration .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: Iranium Iranium is a 2011 documentary film by director Alex Traiman , Written and Distributed by Clarion Fund .   Featuring footage with Iranian leaders and interviews with 25 leading politicians , dissidents , and researchers , the film discusses the Iranian nuclear program , Middle East policy , terrorism , and nuclear proliferation . Beginning with the Islamic revolution , the film documents the creation of the Iranian nuclear program and development of weapons of mass destruction .   The film discusses Iranian foreign policy and Iran -- United States relations , including the Iran hostage crisis and the 1979 Iranian Revolution and takeover by Ayatollah Khomeini to what it refers to as `` the brutal nature of the Iranian regime to its own citizens , and the Iranian people 's desire to rejoin the international community . ''   The film is produced by the Clarion Fund . It was produced by the same team that produced Obsession : Radical Islam 's War Against the West and The Third Jihad . Iranian actress and Academy Award nominee Shohreh Aghdashloo narrates the film .   Pre-release screenings have been held or are scheduled to be held at organizations such as the Hudson Institute , David Horowitz Freedom Center , and Heritage Foundation .  The film premiered at select AMC theaters and community centers throughout the United States on February 8 .

neg: Boskin Commission The Boskin Commission , formally called the `` Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index '' , was appointed by the United States Senate in 1995 to study possible bias in the computation of the Consumer Price Index ( CPI ) , which is used to measure inflation in the United States . Its final report , titled `` Toward A More Accurate Measure Of The Cost Of Living '' and issued on December 4 , 1996 , concluded that the CPI overstated inflation by about 1.1 percentage points per year in 1996 and about 1.3 percentage points prior to 1996 .   The report was important because inflation , as calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics , is used to index the annual payment increases in Social Security and other retirement and compensation programs . This implied that the federal budget had increased by more than it should have , and that projections of future budget deficits were too large . The original report calculated that the overstatement of inflation would add $ 148 billion to the deficit and $ 691 billion to the national debt by 2006 .   The report highlighted four sources of possible bias :  Substitution bias occurs because a fixed market basket fails to reflect the fact that consumers substitute relatively less for more expensive goods when relative prices change .  Outlet substitution bias occurs when shifts to lower price outlets are not properly handled .  Quality change bias occurs when improvements in the quality of products , such as greater energy efficiency or less need for repair , are measured inaccurately or not at all .  New product bias occurs when new products are not introduced in the market basket , or included only with a long lag .   The members of the Boskin Commission were :  Michael Boskin , Stanford University ( Chair )  Ellen R. Dulberger  Robert J. Gordon  Zvi Griliches  Dale Jorgenson   The Boskin Commission was the first extensive evaluation of inflation measurement since the Stigler Commission in 1961 . Griliches was also on that commission .

neg: Outpost 37 Outpost 37 ( also known as Alien Outpost ) is a 2014 science fiction action thriller film . The film follows a documentary crew sent to record the daily lives of the soldiers of Outpost 37 , 12 years after the initial alien invasion .

neg: Catch .44 Catch .44 is a 2011 American crime thriller film starring Forest Whitaker , Bruce Willis , Malin Åkerman , Nikki Reed , Deborah Ann Woll , and Brad Dourif . The film is written and directed by Aaron Harvey .

neg: Paycheck (film) Paycheck is a 2003 American science fiction thriller film based on the short story of the same name by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick . The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck , Uma Thurman and Aaron Eckhart . Paul Giamatti , Michael C. Hall , Joe Morton and Colm Feore also appear .

neg: Finding Me: Truth Finding Me : Truth is a 2011 drama film by director Roger S. Omeus Jr. and a sequel to the 2009 Finding Me .

neg: A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein .   The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival .   Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts .   Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .

neg: Afghan Luke Afghan Luke is a 2011 Canadian film directed by Mike Clattenburg . The central character , Luke Benning ( Nick Stahl ) , is a journalist investigating the possible mutilation ( by Canadian snipers ) of corpses in Afghanistan , a country that appears increasingly incomprehensible and surreal as Luke undergoes a series of bizarre adventures .

neg: EMANcipation (film) eMANcipation is a 2011 independent drama feature film directed by Philipp Müller-Dorn . The movie had its world premiere on October 25 , 2011 at the Kansas International Film Festival where it has won the Audience Award for Best Narrative Film .   Müller-Dorn initially came up with the idea for the film in 2006 after reading an article about a shelter for abused men in Hamburg . Since it turned out to be difficult to find abused men who were willing to talk about their experiences the research phase took a lot longer than Müller-Dorn expected and the screenplay of eMANcipation was finished in early 2010 . Principal shooting took place in Berlin and Guxhagen in Northern Hessia in July and August 2010 .


query: System of a Down briefly disbanded.

pos: System of a Down System of a Down , sometimes shortened to SOAD or System , is an heavy metal band from Glendale , California , formed in 1994 . The band currently consists of Serj Tankian ( lead vocals , keyboards ) , Daron Malakian ( vocals , guitar ) , Shavo Odadjian ( bass , backing vocals ) and John Dolmayan ( drums ) .   The band achieved commercial success with the release of five studio albums , three of which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . System of a Down has been nominated for four Grammy Awards , and their song `` B.Y.O.B. '' won the Best Hard Rock Performance of 2006 . The group briefly disbanded in August 2006 and reunited in November 2010 , embarking on a tour for the following three years . System of a Down has sold over 40 million records worldwide .

neg: Wishful Thinking (Australian band) Wishful Thinking ( or Wishful ) were an Australian three-piece pop-punk band which formed in Tasmania in 1998 and disbanded in 2006 . The line-up included Alistair Elkins on bass guitar , Carl Jackson on lead vocals and Leigh Thompson on drums . In 2002 Carlos Echeverria was replaced by Elkins on bass guitar . Carl 's brother Lachlan Jackson was the bassist in the original lineup ( along with a handful of drummers ) before they moved to Melbourne . They were one of Australia 's `` buzz '' punk/pop acts and were signed to Boomtown Records . Wishful Thinking 's musical style was pop punk and followed in the style of such bands like Blink 182 and New Found Glory .   Wishful Thinking shared stages and toured with such bands , including Millencolin , MXPX , Kisschasy , Area-7 , Gyroscope , All Star United , Relient K , The O.C. Supertones , and Antiskeptic .   Wishful Thinking also had rotation on the radio stations Triple M and Triple J , with their single ' I Do n't Need You ' which was released in 2003 and their single ` The Day You Went Away ' in 2004 .   Tim Cashmere of Undercover News reviewed their debut album , Standing Still ( 2003 ) ; he described them as a `` Christian-punk act '' and felt the album was `` none-too-shabby , albeit none-too-original either ... The god-fearing punk beats of Wishful Thinking makes an interesting point of difference . '' Ben Seifu of vibewire.net noticed that `` the production is quite professional without being too smooth or processed . The drums in particular are captured reasonably well . But beyond that Standing Still is pretty standard pop punk stuff . '' Jasper Lee of Oz Music Project opined that it `` oozes of punk pop goodness that echoes heroes of said genre such as MXPX . The band 's strength lies in their combination of consistent punk power chords with a lyrical depth underpinning their spiritual beliefs . ''   Steph Brincat of Oz Music Project reviewed the group 's second album , Kicking Goals , Banging Gongs & High Five All Round , rating it at four out of five due to the `` classic pop-punk sound that we have all come to know and love , without making it sound horrible and generic , and I assure you that I am not being sarcastic or ironic . The music is tight and although it does n't stray from the usual pop-punk recipe of repetitive yet catchy bass , guitar and drum explosion , there is variation in their tunes such as interesting little guitar licks and bass solos . ''   The band reformed for a once-off show in August 2013 at the Adelaide Uni Bar with S.T.R.

neg: EC8OR EC8OR ( pronounced Ecator , a contraction of `` Eradicator '' ) is a German digital hardcore band founded in 1995 by Patric Catani and Gina V. D'Orio and signed by Alec Empire 's Digital Hardcore Recordings record label . The music was in the same vein of Atari Teenage Riot 's style of early Breakcore and hardcore techno with a punk edge , which led to EC8OR been overlooked by fans of digital hardcore recordings , but EC8OR employed more low-res ideas as the first album was entirely composed on Amiga 500 and with a microphone .   EC8OR gained considerable attention in North America in 1997 , when the Beastie Boys ' pet-label Grand Royal Records released `` All Of Us Can Be Rich ... '' , a collection of earlier material on Digital Hardcore Recordings . This led to features and press on the band in Rolling Stone and Alternative Press .   The duo released 5 albums from 1995 to 1999 and have continued to record after the great DHR implosion of the millennium , and still collaborate often , although Patric and Gina are no longer signed to Digital Hardcore Recordings . Patric would later display his dislike of the state the label is currently in , as he said in an interview `` The fact that all the bands surrounding -LSB- Atari Teenage Riot -RSB- just got used for their sellout idea -- to have a whole `` movement '' and `` followers '' -- led to psychological warfare which some people did n't survive . There was no trust anymore at some point and no communication . It was very strange for -LSB- artists on the -RSB- label to read in the New Music Express or other papers all these weird , made-up stories -LSB- about them -RSB- . The records were produced with different budgets and went through different channels and distributions . For me , it was necessary to leave that crap behind . ''   EC8OR is on a permanent hiatus although the duo played a one off gig in Dresden in 2005 , and have recently collaborated under the name A * class , whereas Gina still performs in her other band Cobra Killer and with former Shizuo vocalist Annika Trost .

neg: Zero Down __ NOTOC __   Zero Down was a punk rock trio formed by former Strung Out bassist Jim Cherry , former Down by Law drummer Milo Todesco and former War Called Peace guitarist John McCree . Frontman Cherry ( who was also guitarist and songwriter for Epitaph Records band Pulley ) enlisted the support of Fat Wreck Chords owner Fat Mike , who released the band 's first ( and only ) album , With a Lifetime to Pay in 2001 . The music was a throwback to mid-90s melodic skate punk ( no surprise given the pedigree of Zero Down 's members ) , and was well received . The band added a fourth member in August 2001 , ex-Lagwagon guitarist Shawn Dewey .   Zero Down came to a premature demise on July 7 , 2002 , with the death of Jim Cherry from a lifelong heart condition . Early reports suggested that Cherry died from an accidental prescription drug overdose ; Fat Wreck Chords released the following statement :    However , in December 2002 the label released a further statement concerning Cherry 's death :

neg: Dream City Film Club Dream City Film Club were a North London rock band founded in July 1995 .   Their sound was difficult to categorize in that it encompassed tortured lovelorn balladry , avant-garde flourishes , Tin Pan Alley , straightforward rock and gospel yearnings in both lyrics and subject matter . Ultimately , Dream City Film Club failed to find enough of an audience to sustain them .   Vocalist Michael J. Sheehy had been working as a solo singer/songwriter for several years when he met Alex Vald and Laurence Ash , who quickly began writing songs with Sheehy . Upon the demise of another local group , Breed , bassist Andrew Park joined . The band 's name came from a news story Sheehy had seen about an arsonist who had burned down a members-only porno theatre . They played their first gig as Dream City Film Club on 31 July 1995 .   They released a single , `` Crawl '' for the underground fanzine , the Organ in early 1996 . Soon after , they were contacted by Beggar 's Banquet and recorded their eponymous debut album in late 1996 , later releasing it on 26 May 1997 .   According to Sheehy , the English press reaction to the first single , `` Perfect Piece of Trash '' , was almost unanimous in its derision . After parting with Vald , DCFC continued on as a three piece , recording its second and final album , In the Cold Light of Morning featuring a more expansive sound best realized on the epic `` God Will Punish the Pervert Preacher '' .   The group disbanded in 1999 . Michael J. Sheehy subsequently recorded three solo albums for Beggar 's Banquet and two for Glitterhouse , and has fronted Saint Silas Intercession with his brother Patrick . During the early 2000s , Alex Vald worked as half of experimental pop band Datapuddle . In 2015 , Sheehy and Vald reunited as the pop-noir duo United Sound of Joy .

neg: Hiatus (band) Hiatus was a Belgian hardcore punk band from Liege , Belgium , formed in 1989 , that broke up in 1996 .

neg: Mojave 3 Mojave 3 are a British band , consisting of Neil Halstead , Rachel Goswell , Simon Rowe , Alan Forrester , and Ian McCutcheon . Goswell , Halstead and McCutcheon previously played in Thames Valley shoegazing band Slowdive .   The band initially existed as a trio , consisting of Halstead , Goswell , and McCutcheon . After Slowdive were dropped by Creation Records , the trio decided to change musical direction to a dream pop/country rock/folk music style , and were signed by 4AD Records . They took on the new name `` Mojave , '' but upon the discovery of another band already using the name , the `` 3 '' was added ( in reference to the group 's three members ) . Rowe ( formerly of Chapterhouse ) and Forrester joined shortly after the release of their first album .   Both Halstead ( the main songwriter for the band ) and Goswell have released solo albums , also for 4AD . McCutcheon founded and is currently playing with his band called The Loose Salute who are signed to Heavenly Records and Graveface Records .   In 2006 , Mojave 3 did a Take-Away Show session with Vincent Moon . According to Halstead , the band is on hiatus as of 2008 , but they are planning to release at least one more album in the future .   Despite still being listed as `` on hiatus '' , the band returned to playing live in 2011 , including gigs supporting Band of Horses  . During a radio interview on Israeli radio station Kol HaCampus on 7 May 2011 , Halstead said the band are working on new material , and may be recording during the summer .

neg: Transplants (band) The Transplants are an American punk rock/rap rock supergroup . They formed in 1999 when Tim Armstrong ( of the bands Rancid and Operation Ivy ) played his friend and roadie Rob Aston some beats he had made using Pro Tools and asked Aston if he would consider contributing lyrics . Initially , Armstrong played all the instruments himself but as the project grew , he invited musician friends such as Matt Freeman ( Rancid ) , Lars Frederiksen ( Rancid ) , and Vic Ruggiero ( The Slackers ) to add to the sound . Before long , Armstrong and Aston decided to officially form a band , but to make things complete , they wanted a drummer , so Travis Barker from Blink-182 was asked to join in 2002 .   After the release of their first album , The Transplants briefly disbanded in 2003 , due to all members being involved in their own projects , including Rancid and Blink-182 . Then in 2004 , they reunited to record their second album ( Haunted Cities ) before going on hiatus again until 2010 when the band has started to record new material . This new material was released as In a Warzone in 2013 .

neg: Red and Black Attack Red And Black Attack was the second release from the Hollywood-based rock band The Icarus Line . The EP was recorded and released very quickly after their debut 7-inch , Highlypuncturingnoisetestingyourabilitytohate on Hellcat Records . The EP was released on New American Dream . This was the band 's first release to appear on CD , as well as New American Dream 's debut release . The vinyl version was pressed by Slowgun Records on clear `` wine '' colored vinyl 7-inches .   New American Dream also released the band 's split 7-inch picture disc with Ink & Dagger , and had actually originally signed Ink & Dagger to release their third , and final album on the label . However , after a car crash involving the label 's owner and members of Ink & Dagger , who were on their way to visit The Icarus Line during a rehearsal , the label soon fell apart . The resulting fiasco was the prime reason The Icarus Line did n't record their debut album in 1999 , as originally intended , and ended up signing instead with Crank ! Records . Coincidentally , Ink & Dagger , who had also signed to the label for the release of their third and last album , ended up having Buddyhead release it instead . Other bands on the short-lived label included Discount ( band ) and Kind Of Like Spitting . The label 's folding , resulted in this release being out of print for many years , and a highly sought after collectable .   The EP was named as a reference to the band 's visual style , which involved dressing in black with red neckties . This look was abandoned years later , after a number of other bands had started dressing similarly . Some of these bands went on to much greater mainstream success . So , as not to look like the `` copycats '' themselves , this attire was then `` retired '' by The Icarus Line .   This release also coincided with yet another of the band 's recurring problems of finding a suitable , and permanent drummer . This is why there is no drummer pictured on the cover of this release , something which confused people for quite some time . At the time of the EP 's release , John Guerra ( F-Minus , Black Fag ) was filling the position . Soon after , the band recruited their fourth drummer , Mike Felix ( Toys That Kill , Ex-Fork ) .   As an homage to their former band 's drummer , Tim Childs , The Icarus Line included snippets he had recorded while playing drums at home , very briefly before his death . These were the last known recordings of Tim playing drums . The song `` Separate The Sounds '' , was also quite obviously written about Tim , and his abrupt passing . These home recordings were spliced together during mastering by Blag Dahlia , the singer of The Dwarves .

neg: Sunny Day Real Estate discography The discography of Sunny Day Real Estate , a Seattle Emo/Indie band that formed in 1992 and broke up in 1995 , getting back together in 1997 but ultimately disbanded in 2001 . In 2009 , however , the band reunited once again .  With Dan Hoerner as vocalist , the band released a two song demo under the name 'Em pty Set ' and then released a six song demo under the name ` Chewbacca Kaboom ' before changing their name to Sunny Day Real Estate . In 1993 , the band released their first studio 7 '' , Flatland Spider under their own record label , One Day I Stopped Breathing . They were then joined by Jeremy Enigk on vocals and released another 7 '' , Thief , Steal Me A Peach.In May 1994 , Sunny Day Real Estate released their first album , Diary . The following year , they released a self-titled album ( commonly referred to as LP2 by fans ) before breaking up .  Two years later , they were given the opportunity to release a compilation of rarities . Because there were n't enough songs , they were asked to write some more . While writing , the band decided to get back together and release a studio album . In 1998 , How It Feels To Be Something On was released . In 1999 they released a live album , and the following year The Rising Tide was released.Allegedly due to their record label 's struggles , Sunny Day Real Estate broke up in 2001 .  In 2009 , however , the band reunited and did a reunion tour .

neg: Chucklehead Chucklehead is an American funk band from Boston , Massachusetts . Formed in 1988 , the band reached the height of their popularity in the mid-1990s through constant touring and their lavish theme-based live shows . Chucklehead disbanded in 1997 following the release of their final album Belly Up . After a 17-year hiatus the band reunited in 2013 and is currently touring and recording .

neg: Laughing Stock (album) Laughing Stock is the fifth and final studio album by British post-rock band Talk Talk . Following on from their previous release Spirit of Eden ( 1988 ) , and the departure of bassist Paul Webb , which reduced the band to the duo of Mark Hollis and Lee Harris , Talk Talk acrimoniously left EMI and signed to the jazz-based Verve Records , and recorded Laughing Stock at Wessex Sound Studios , London , with producer Tim Friese-Greene and engineer Phill Brown from September 1990 -- April 1991 .   Like its predecessor , Spirit of Eden , the album featured improvised instrumentation from a large ensemble of musicians , including as many as seven violists on occasion , and the lyrical themes are often religious . Tape Op magazine ran an extensive article detailing the demanding recording sessions , marked by Mark Hollis ' perfectionist tendencies , and his use of candles and incense to set the mood . Engineer Phill Brown stated that the album , like its predecessor , was `` recorded by chance , accident , and hours of trying every possible overdub idea . '' However , compared to prior Talk Talk albums , Brown noted that `` Laughing Stock is a different beast . I am very proud of the album , it 's probably one of my best projects ... . but I find it dark and claustrophobic . ''   Pitchfork named it the eleventh best album of the 1990s , saying it `` makes its own environment and becomes more than the sum of its sounds . '' The band split up following its release , effectively making Laughing Stock their last official release .

neg: Corrosion of Conformity Corrosion of Conformity ( also known as C.O.C. ) is an American heavy metal band from Raleigh , North Carolina formed in 1982 . For almost the majority of its existence , the band has consisted of guitarist Woody Weatherman , bassist Mike Dean ( who left in 1987 but rejoined six years later ) , drummer Reed Mullin ( who left in 2001 but rejoined nine years later ) and vocalist and rhythm guitarist Pepper Keenan ( who joined the band in 1989 ) . After a hiatus in 2006 , Corrosion of Conformity returned in 2010 without Keenan , who had been busy touring and recording with Down , but announced their reunion with him in December 2014 .   Corrosion of Conformity started as a hardcore punk band but later moved towards a slower and blues-tinged heavy metal sound . To date , the band has released nine studio albums , four EPs , one compilation , and one live album . Their first three studio albums -- Eye for an Eye ( 1984 ) , Animosity ( 1985 ) and Blind ( 1991 ) -- attracted the attention of Columbia Records , who signed the band in 1993 . Corrosion of Conformity found success with the release of their 1994 fourth studio album , Deliverance , which peaked at number 155 on the Billboard 200 and spawned the hits `` Albatross '' and `` Clean My Wounds '' . Their 1996 follow-up Wiseblood was also successful , and became Corrosion of Conformity 's highest-charting album in the United States , peaking at number 104 on the Billboard 200 . Their latest album , IX , was released on July 1 , 2014 .

neg: Sick of It All discography Sick of It All is a New York hardcore band formed in 1986 and currently consists of brothers Lou Koller ( vocals ) and Pete Koller ( guitar ) , Armand Majidi ( drums ) and Rich Cipriano ( bass guitar ) . In the years since its inception , the band has released twelve studio albums , two live recordings , two compilation albums , two EPs , six singles and one documentary film .   After recording a demo in 1987 and playing Sunday afternoon matinees at the famous CBGB 's , Sick of It All signed a record contract with Revelation Records , who released a self-titled 7 '' EP . In 1988 , the band terminated their contract with Revelation and signed with the now-defunct Relativity Records , who released their first two studio albums as well as a live EP . In 1993 , they decided to end their five-year relationship with Relativity and signed with East West Records . In 1998 , Sick of It All terminated their U.S. record contract for the fourth time and signed with Fat Wreck Chords . Around 2005 , they ended their seven-year relationship with Fat Wreck and signed to Abacus Recordings , who released one album for the band before the label went bankrupt . As of 2009 , Sick of It All is under contract to Century Media .

neg: Fallen To Fallen To were an alternative metal band in Cornwall , UK ; formed in 2001 by James Norris who originally played drums for the band   Most known for the singles ` No Allies ' and ` Bovine ` Calm ' which were released in 2002 . Fallen To 's debut single `` No Allies '' was incredibly popular upon release , gaining the number one spot of MTV2 UK 's Top 15 daily chart for over a week . These singles were followed by the album , The Mark , .   In 2003 , Fallen To followed their debut album with a two-disc EP called Which Side of the Line ? , which contained new material , remixes and acoustic versions of tracks from their debut album . The first disc , showcased Fallen To 's heavier side , and the second disc exhibited Fallen To 's more atmospheric and ambient sound . The EP was a successful follow up to The Mark , garnering good reviews from most reviewers . Videos for `` Smoke & Mirrors '' and `` Lost No. 7 '' were released and were both available as extras on each disc .   The group split sometime around January 2004 .   In 2005 , James Norris and Drew Hallam formed Seven Days Awake which split up in 2006 . Since this point Christian Norris and James Norris formed The Sonic Art , whilst Jez Marshall joined Chinn Lawlor in Everything Burns . The former project has recorded with Grammy Award winning producer David Bottrill , whilst the latter is currently touring the UK .   After several appeals on social media Fallen To redistributed their previous recordings digitally in 2011 .

neg: Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes .   Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .

neg: Jetboy (band) Jetboy is an American San Francisco-based hard rock band founded in 1983 by guitarists Billy Rowe and Fernie Rod . Best described as a blend of edgy rock and roll with a traditional blues based influence . Jetboy got the attention of music fans and record executives alike in Hollywood during the mid 1980s . The band transplanted themselves to Los Angeles in 1986 after signing a deal with Elektra Records . Their musical influences ranged from punk rock to rock 'n' roll to blues . Their 1988 debut album Feel the Shake peaked at 135 on The Billboard 200 .   After parting ways with original bass player Todd Crew in mid-1987 , the band was joined by former Hanoi Rocks member Sami Yaffa . Yaffa , a member of one of the groups Jetboy had found most influential , was now a member of the band as their new bassist . In August 1987 Todd Crew died due to a drug overdose in the hotel room of Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash . Jetboy continued on into the 1990s before disbanding in 1992 . However , over a decade later , Jetboy reconvened , toured and recorded a new EP , Off Your Rocker in 2010 . Having been absent from the studio for some 20 years , Jetboy recorded Off Your Rocker in a fully organic mode . The band played all in the same room together in a `` live-style '' format in an effort to duplicate the way the songs were written , all together , in a true 1970 's fashion where the band could feed off of one another 's energy .   Jetboy has continued to gain in popularity , and has continuously played to large crowds at festivals across the United States including Rocklahoma , The South Texas Rock Fest , Rock the Bayou & The M3 Festival two times .   On June 1 , 2012 Jetboy did a 25-year reunion for their debut album ` Feel The Shake ' at the Whisky A Go Go in Hollywood . The show was also a release party for the movie Rock Of Ages which featured a few images of Jetboy . The line-up for this show included all original members with a surprise appearance by their second bass player Sami Yaffa who is currently playing in the Michael Monroe Band . This was the first time they all shared the stage together in over 20 years . Jetboy plan to continue with the original line-up with Charles Norman on bass who replaced Yaffa for the Damnednation tour in 1989 .   January 25 , 2014 during NAMM weekend Jetboy supported Faster Pussycat at the Whisky A Go-Go to a sold out crowd to celebrate the club 's 50-year anniversary .   Jetboy geared up in late 2015 to bring their style of rock n roll to the stage again . The band performed at Riki Rachtman 's Cathouse Live on August 15 , 2015 at the Irvine Meadows Amphitheater in Irvine , California .   Three songs from Feel the Shake were featured in the 1989 movie The ` Burbs , starring Tom Hanks . They were `` Bloodstone '' , `` Locked in a Cage '' and `` Make Some Noise '' . Additionally , two songs from Feel the Shake , `` Feel the Shake '' and `` Make Some Noise '' were also featured in the 1989 movie She 's Out of Control .

neg: AC4 AC4 is a hardcore band from Umeå , Sweden . Refused members Dennis Lyxzén and David Sandström had been talking about starting a new band for a long time . In the spring of 2008 Karl Backman had written songs for the new band and they started to rehearse . Jens Nordén had played with Lyxzén in pre-Refused straight edge hardcore band Step Forward ( 1987-1991 ) and since 1990 with Backman in punk band The Vectors . The `` AC '' in the name is the regional code for the Västerbotten province where Umeå is located .   The first show was at a squatting on Parkgatan in Umeå on the Mayu 5th , 2008 .   In May 2008 someone posted a live song on YouTube . It got on Kerrang 's playlist and had over 14,000 hits the first week .   They performed at Storsjöyran and Umeå Punkfest in 2008 .   In 2009 they performed at Way Out West Festival and released the self-titled debut album on Lyxzén 's label Ny Våg .   In 2010 their European tour took them around their native Sweden , as well as Norway , Denmark , Germany , Belgium , Austria , France , Italy , England and Wales . They also released the Umeå Hardcore 7 '' EP in Europe , a special 7 '' for Australia only and the debut album came out in America .   AC4 initially refused to do interviews with mainstream media and would only answer questions from fanzine writers who were under the age of 18 . To promote their Australian tour in April , 2011 , Dennis conducted a number of interviews with the local press , including Melbourne radio show Bullying The Jukebox .   While on tour in Australia a short documentary film about the band entitled `` A few minutes with AC4 '' was filmed , along with a promotional video for the song `` Wo n't Bow Down '' from their debut album .   In May 2012 the band announced that Sandström had been replaced by Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson ( DS-13 ) and that the recording of a second album had begun . The album `` Burn The World '' was released in March 2013 on Ny Våg records and Deathwish Inc. . .   The band is also performing at some upcoming festivals including Groezrock on a spring 2013 tour . A week before the tour the band announced that Nordén had suddenly left AC4 , but is being replaced by their producer Fredrik Lyxzén .

neg: Stockholm Syndrome (band) Stockholm Syndrome is an American rock music band formed in Athens , Georgia , as a collaboration between Dave Schools of Widespread Panic and Jerry Joseph of Jerry Joseph and the Jackmormons . The two enlisted Los Angeles drummer Wally Ingram ( Jackson Browne and Sheryl Crow ) , San Francisco guitarist Eric McFadden ( who had previously worked with Keb ' Mo ' , Primus , Les Claypool , and the P Funk All Stars ) , and German keyboardist Danny Dziuk . Dziuk however , has since been replaced on tour by Gov ' t Mule keyboardist Danny Louis .   Originally intended as a one-time studio side-project for the musicians , the band released an album in 2004 , Holy Happy Hour , and then went on a nationwide tour in support of the album . The band has toured intermittently since then and on February 16 , 2010 they released a live EP , `` Stockholm Syndrome Live at Streetlight Records , '' which was recorded during an in-store performance at Streetlight Records in Santa Cruz in September 2009 . The band has said that they have gotten another full-length album ready for release .   As the band allows audience members to tape their shows , many of their concert recordings can be found at the Internet Archive .   The band 's second album , Apollo , was released on February 15 , 2011 . Schools and Joseph wrote the songs after sitting on a porch looking at redwood trees in California . The band recorded in '' a converted chicken coop '' to achieve `` a low-fi garage -LSB- sound -RSB- '' . From the recording sessions , they produced a two-track vinyl record to sell at concerts .

neg: Broken Records (record label) Broken Records was a Christian rock record label founded in 1985 . The label closed in the early 1990s .   Broken Records became an important label in the development of both the West Coast Christian alternative music and Christian hip-hop scenes . It focused primarily on modern rock , punk and new wave music , paving the way for labels like Frontline Records . Artists signed to Broken Records included Level Heads , The Altar Boys , The Choir , Crumbächer , The 77s , 4-4-1 , Riki Michele , Adam Again and Undercover . After having difficulties with its distributor , the label was for a time run successfully as Brainstorm Artists International .   Several Broken Records bands reunited in Irvine , California on August 19 , 2005 for a reunion concert . The event , which was filmed for a possible DVD release by Take 2 Productions , included performances by the Altar Boys , 4-4-1 , The Choir , Crumbächer and Undercover . On October 4 , 2016 all the bands joined Take 2 Productions in the launch of a Kickstarter to release the DVD .

neg: Talk Talk Talk Talk were an English rock band , active from 1981 until their breakup in 1992 . Their early hit singles include `` Today '' , `` Talk Talk '' ( both 1982 ) , `` It 's My Life '' and `` Such a Shame '' ( both 1984 ) . Although the band only experienced moderate success in their native country , they established some international success . Talk Talk moved away from synth-pop towards more experimental music in the mid-1980s , helping to pioneer what became known as post-rock . They achieved moderate success in Europe and the UK with the subsequent singles `` Life 's What You Make It '' ( 1985 ) and `` Living in Another World '' ( 1986 ) , and in 1988 they released their fourth album Spirit of Eden , which was commercially less successful .   Friction with the band 's label , EMI , resulted in legal action and countersuing . The band switched to Polydor for their final album , 1991 's Laughing Stock , but broke up soon afterwards . Singer Mark Hollis released one solo album in 1998 before retiring from the music industry . Founding bass player and drummer Paul Webb and Lee Harris played in several bands together ; de facto fourth member Tim Friese-Greene continued in the business as a musician and producer .