query: Robert F. Kennedy lost to Senator Eugene McCarthy in the California primaries.

pos: Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis `` Bobby '' Kennedy ( November 20 , 1925 -- June 6 , 1968 ) , commonly known by his initials RFK , was an American politician from Massachusetts . He served as the United States junior senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968 . He was previously the 64th U.S. Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 , serving under his older brother President John F. Kennedy and his successor , President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party , and is seen as an icon of modern American liberalism .   After serving in the United States Naval Reserve as a Seaman Apprentice from 1944 to 1946 , Kennedy graduated from Harvard University and the University of Virginia . He began his political career in Massachusetts as the manager for his brother John 's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952 . Prior to entering public office himself , he worked as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Joe McCarthy . He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959 , where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the corrupt practices of its union and authored The Enemy Within , a book about corruption in organized labor .   Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his brother John 's campaign in the 1960 presidential election . He was appointed Attorney General after the successful election and served as the closest adviser to the president from 1961 to 1963 . His tenure is best known for its advocacy for the Civil Rights Movement , the fight against organized crime and the Mafia , and involvement in U.S. foreign policy related to Cuba . After his brother 's assassination , he remained in office in the Johnson administration for several months . He left to run for the United States Senate from New York in 1964 and defeated Republican incumbent Kenneth Keating .   In 1968 , Kennedy was a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency ; he appealed especially to poor , African-American , Hispanic , Catholic and young voters . Shortly after midnight on June 5 , 1968 , after defeating Senator Eugene McCarthy in the California and South Dakota presidential primaries , he was mortally wounded by Sirhan Sirhan , a 24-year-old enraged Palestinian , and died the following day .

neg: Kevin McCarthy (California politician) Kevin Owen McCarthy ( born January 26 , 1965 ) is an American congressman from Bakersfield , California . He serves in the United States House of Representatives for California 's 23rd district and as the House Majority Leader . A Republican , he was formerly chairman of the California Young Republicans and the Young Republican National Federation . McCarthy worked as district director for U.S. Representative Bill Thomas , and in 2000 was elected as a trustee to the Kern Community College District . He then served in the California State Assembly from 2002 to 2006 , the last two years as minority leader . When Thomas retired from the House of Representatives in 2006 , McCarthy ran to succeed him and won the election . The 23rd district , numbered as the 22nd District from 2007 to 2013 , is based in Bakersfield and includes large sections of Kern and Tulare counties as well as part of the Quartz Hill neighborhood in northwest Los Angeles County .   McCarthy was elected to House leadership as the Republican Chief Deputy Whip , from 2009 to 2011 , and House Majority Whip , from 2011 until August 2014 , when he was elected House Majority Leader to replace the outgoing Eric Cantor , who was defeated in his primary election . After announcing his candidacy for Speaker on September 28 , 2015 , he dropped out of the race on October 8 .

neg: Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories The conspiracy theories relating to the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy , a United States Senator and brother of assassinated President John F. Kennedy , relate to non-standard accounts of the assassination that took place shortly after midnight on June 5 , 1968 , in Los Angeles , California . Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated during celebrations of his successful campaign in the Californian primary elections while seeking the Democratic nomination for U.S. president .   The perpetrator was a 24-year-old Palestinian immigrant named Sirhan Sirhan , who remains incarcerated for the crime . However , as with his brother 's death , Robert Kennedy 's assassination and the circumstances surrounding it have spawned various conspiracy theories , particularly regarding the existence of a supposed second gunman . Such theories have also centered on the alleged presence of a woman wearing a polka dot dress claiming responsibility for the crime and the purported involvement of the Central Intelligence Agency . Many of these theories were examined during an investigation ordered by the United States Senate , and were judged to be erroneous by the Federal Bureau of Investigation , which investigated on the Senate 's behalf .

neg: United States presidential election in Massachusetts, 1960 The 1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8 , 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election , which was held throughout all 50 states . Voters chose 16 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Massachusetts voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic nominee , Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts , over the Republican nominee , Vice President Richard Nixon of California . Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas , while Nixon 's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. of Massachusetts .   Kennedy carried his home state of Massachusetts in a landslide , taking 60.22 % of the vote to Nixon 's 39.55 % , a Democratic victory margin of 20.67 % . This made it the third most Democratic state in the nation , after Rhode Island and Georgia .   As Kennedy narrowly defeated Nixon nationally to win the presidency , Massachusetts weighed in for this election as about 21 % more Democratic than the national average .   Massachusetts had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928 , when the Democratic Party had nominated the first Roman Catholic nominee for president , Al Smith . While Smith lost nationally in a landslide , partially due to anti-Catholic prejudice in much of the country , he won Massachusetts due to the massive turnout and support of the many Irish Catholics in the state . In 1960 , John F. Kennedy would be the second Roman Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party , and again his religion became an issue in some regions of the country . However , there was little doubt that Kennedy , an Irish Catholic born in Brookline , Massachusetts , would be able to carry Massachusetts in his presidential run .   Prior to 1960 , Massachusetts had been a swing state , having voted for Democrats Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman in the 1930s and 1940s , but voting for Republican Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s . In 1956 , Eisenhower had carried the state by 19 points . The 21 point margin by which Kennedy won the state four years later thus represented a massive 40 point swing toward the Democrats between the 1956 and 1960 elections . Kennedy 's landslide victory in 1960 finally solidified the transformation of Massachusetts into a Democratic stronghold in the modern era . 1960 was the first election ever in which a Democrat had broken 60 % of the vote in Massachusetts , and thus Kennedy 's 60.22 % was the highest percentage of the vote any Democrat had ever received in the state up to that point .   Religion was a major dividing factor in shaping the vote in 1960 . Nixon 's running mate , Henry Cabot Lodge , was also from Massachusetts , and had served the state as a Republican Senator , but was a Protestant , and represented traditional Protestant Yankee Republicanism in Massachusetts . Kennedy , an Irish Catholic Democrat , represented an entirely different strain of Massachusetts politics , the emerging majority coalition of urban and ethnic immigrant voters . In 1952 , Kennedy had first defeated Lodge to take the latter 's U.S. Senate seat , symbolizing this new Democratic coalition 's rise in the state . The residual Yankee Republicanism combined with the popularity of the Republican incumbent Eisenhower allowed Nixon to take a decent 39.55 % of the vote , but by 1960 , the ethnic Catholic vote held a decisive majority in Massachusetts , and turnout among Catholic voters reached record highs in 1960 .   Kennedy carried nine of the state 's fourteen counties , including the most heavily populated parts of the state surrounding the large cities of Boston , Worcester , and Springfield . Nixon carried only five counties , three of them island or peninsula counties . Nixon 's most significant win was Plymouth County , which he won narrowly with 51 percent of the vote .   Kennedy put in an historically strong performance in the state 's capital and largest city , Boston , home to many Catholics of Irish and Italian immigrant heritage . In Suffolk County , where Boston is located , Kennedy won a landslide with 74.4 percent of the vote to Nixon 's 25 percent , the first time in history that a presidential candidate had received more than 70 percent of the vote in the county . Kennedy was also the first Democrat to carry Norfolk County since Martin van Buren in 1836 .   The decisive Democratic win in 1960 would foreshadow the political direction Massachusetts would take in the years to come , as it would become one of the most Democratic states in the nation in the elections that followed . In 1964 and 1968 , Democrats would even outperform Kennedy , and in 1972 it would be the only state in the nation to vote for Democrat George McGovern , ultimately making it the only state that Richard Nixon would never win in any of his three presidential campaigns .   The 1960 election was also the last time a candidate who declared Massachusetts as his home state won the presidency regardless of his performance in the state . The next three presidential candidates whose home state was Massachusetts , Michael Dukakis , John Kerry , and Mitt Romney , all lost their presidential bids .

neg: California elections, June 2012 The California state elections , June 2012 were held on June 5 , 2012 and included two propositions , primary elections for each party 's nominee for President , and primary elections to determine the top-two candidates for California 's Class I seat to the United States Senate , all of California 's seats to the House of Representatives , all of the seats of the State Assembly , and all odd-numbered seats of the State Senate , who will compete against each other in a run-off on November 6 , 2012 .   This was the first election with California 's newly implemented nonpartisan blanket primary in effect , pursuant to Proposition 14 , which passed with 53 % voter approval in June 2010 . Additionally , in November 2010 , voters approved Proposition 20 , which authorized a California Citizens Redistricting Commission to re-draw congressional district lines , in addition to its current job of drawing state senate district lines and state assembly district lines , taking away that job from the California state legislature . This was the first election which used the Citizens Redistricting Commission 's maps .  __ TOC __

neg: Elmer Robinson Elmer Edwin `` Rob-Rob '' Robinson ( October 3 , 1894 -- June 9 , 1982 ) was the 33rd mayor of San Francisco , California . A Republican , he served as San Francisco 's mayor from January 1948 until January 1956 .   Robinson was born in the Richmond District of San Francisco , but primarily grew up in the northern California town of Fort Bragg . He moved back to San Francisco to attend night law school , after which he was admitted to the bar in 1915 . He served as a deputy district attorney of San Francisco County , 1915 to 1921 . He worked for 15 years , as a civil and criminal attorney in private practice .   In 1933 , President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Robinson to direct adjustment of claims of World War I veterans , at the request of the Disabled American Veterans .   In January 1935 , he became a Municipal Court judge , nine months later a Superior Court judge . Elected to two six-year terms on the San Francisco County Superior bench , 1936 and 1942 .   During World War II , Judge Robinson served as California State Chairman of a national salvage committee .   Elmer Robinson was elected mayor of San Francisco in November 1947 , taking office the following January . He was reelected to another four-year term as mayor in 1951 .   While Robinson was mayor , he promoted and oversaw numerous development projects , including an expansion of San Francisco International Airport and the construction of new schools , libraries , police stations , parking garages , and the modernization of the San Francisco Municipal Railway . San Francisco , although relatively prosperous in the boom years after World War II , experienced some population loss to outlying suburban areas during Robinson 's terms in office .   He returned to his law practice and served as president and general manager of Woodlawn Memorial Park .   While a resident of San Francisco , Judge Robinson died in Paradise , Butte County , California , on June 8 , 1982 at age 87 .   Category :1894 births  Category :1982 deaths  Category : Mayors of San Francisco  Category : California lawyers  Category : American Episcopalians  Category : People from Fort Bragg , California  Category : California Republicans  Category :20 th-century American politicians

neg: John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president .   Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President .   Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval .   On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .

neg: United States Senate election in Arizona, 1964 The 1964 United States Senate election in Arizona took place on November 3 , 1964 . Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater decided not to run for reelection to a third term , instead running for President of the United States as the Republican Party nominee against Lyndon B. Johnson . Governor of Arizona Paul Fannin ran unopposed in the Republican primary , and defeated Democratic nominee Roy Elson , who was a staff member for U.S. Senator Carl Hayden until Hayden 's retirement in 1969 .   Despite a landslide loss throughout the country , Goldwater carried his home state of Arizona in the Presidential election , alongside Fannin in the state 's Senate election .

neg: Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy On June 5 , 1968 , presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was fatally shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles , shortly after winning the California presidential primaries in the 1968 election , and died the next day while hospitalized .   After winning the California and South Dakota primary elections for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States , Kennedy was fatally shot while exiting through the hotel kitchen immediately after leaving the podium in the Ambassador Hotel and died in the Good Samaritan Hospital twenty-six hours later . Sirhan Sirhan , a 24-year-old Palestinian/Jordanian immigrant , was convicted of Kennedy 's murder and sentenced to death in 1969 , although his sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1972 . On November 22 , 2013 , Sirhan was transferred from Corcoran to the Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego County . The shooting was recorded on audio tape by a freelance newspaper reporter , and the aftermath was captured on film .   Kennedy 's body lay in repose at St. Patrick 's Cathedral in New York for two days before a funeral Mass was held on June 8 . His body was interred near his brother John at Arlington National Cemetery . His death prompted the protection of presidential candidates by the United States Secret Service . Hubert Humphrey later went on to win the Democratic nomination for the presidency , but ultimately lost the election to Republican Richard Nixon .   As with his brother John 's death , Kennedy 's assassination and the circumstances surrounding it have spawned a variety of conspiracy theories . Kennedy and Huey Long ( in 1935 ) are the only two sitting United States Senators to be assassinated .

neg: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980 The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election . Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14 , 1980 , in New York City . It is notable for being the last time that an incumbent president lost a state 's presidential primary .

neg: Conflict in Vietnam and at Home `` Conflict in Vietnam and at Home '' was a speech given on March 18 , 1968 by U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy at Kansas State University . Having only declared his candidacy for president two days before , the address was Kennedy 's first official campaign speech . He discussed student protests , consequences of the Vietnam War , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's leadership of the country .

neg: California Republican primary, 2008 The California Republican primary , 2008 was held on February 5 , 2008 , with a total of 173 national delegates at stake .

neg: United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2012 The 2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts took place on November 6 , 2012 , concurrently with the U.S. presidential election and elections to the U.S. Senate in other states , as well as elections to the House of Representatives and various state and local elections .   Incumbent Republican Senator Scott Brown ran for re-election to a first full term . He had been elected in a special election in 2010 following the death of incumbent Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy . Brown faced no challengers from his own party . For the Democrats , an initial wide field of prospective candidates narrowed after the entry of Harvard Law School Professor Elizabeth Warren , the architect of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau . Warren clinched near-unanimous party support , with all but one of the other Democratic candidates withdrawing following her entrance . After winning her party 's nomination , eliminating any need for a primary , she faced Brown in the general election .   The election was one of the most-followed races in 2012 and cost approximately $ 82 million , which made it the most expensive election in Massachusetts history and the second-most expensive in the entire 2012 election cycle , next to that year 's presidential election . This was despite the two candidates ' having agreed not to allow outside money to influence the race . Opinion polling indicated a close race for much of the campaign , though Warren opened up a small but consistent lead in the final few weeks . She went on to defeat Brown by over 236,000 votes , 54 % to 46 % .

neg: Patrick Kennedy (Limerick politician) Patrick `` Pat '' Kennedy ( born 23 November 1941 ) is a politician from Limerick city in Ireland . He was a senator for most of the period from 1981 to 1993 .   A long-serving member of Limerick City Council , Kennedy stood unsuccessfully as a Fine Gael candidate for Dáil Éireann in the Limerick East constituency at the 1969 , 1973 and 1977 general elections . He was Mayor of Limerick in 1974-75 . He did not contest the 1981 general election , but in the subsequent election to the 15th Seanad he won a seat on the Administrative Panel . He contested one further Dáil election , in February 1982 , where he again failed to win a seat , and was also unsuccessful at the 1982 Seanad election . He was returned the following year to the 17th Seanad ( again on the Administrative Panel ) , and held that seat until his defeat at the 1993 Seanad election . He stood again for the Seanad in 1997 , but was not re-elected .   He left Fine Gael in about the year 2000 , and at the 2004 and 2009 local elections he was re-elected to the city council as an independent candidate . He also contested the 2002 general election as an independent . He re-joined Fine Gael in September 2009 .

neg: California elections, February 2008 The California state elections , February 2008 were held on February 5 , 2008 throughout California . Presidential primaries and a special election for a State Assembly seat were among the contests held . Seven ballot propositions were also decided on .

neg: United States Senate election in Connecticut, 2006 The 2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 7 , 2006 . Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman lost the August 8th Democratic primary to Ned Lamont . Lieberman formed his own third party and won in the general election to a fourth term .

neg: United States presidential election in California, 1944 In the 1944 United States presidential election , California voted for the Democratic incumbent , Franklin Roosevelt , in a landslide over the Republican challenger , New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey .

neg: Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson .   Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics .   Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents .   To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .

neg: Bruce McPherson Bruce A. McPherson ( born January 7 , 1944 ) is an American politician who was the 30th California Secretary of State , sworn in March 30 , 2005 . He was nominated to replace former Secretary of State Kevin Shelley , who resigned on March 4 . McPherson , a Republican from Santa Cruz County , served his term as Secretary until January 8 , 2007 . He was confirmed unanimously by both Democratic-controlled houses of the California State Legislature after being nominated to replace Shelley , a Democrat , by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger . He lost his bid for a full term to Democrat Debra Bowen in November 2006 .   Previously , McPherson was a State Assemblyman from 1993 to 1996 and a State Senator from 1996 to 2004 , when he retired due to term limits . McPherson was defeated in the 2002 election for Lieutenant Governor of California by incumbent Cruz Bustamante . Prior to his political career , he worked as the editor of the Santa Cruz Sentinel , a newspaper owned by his family . He and his wife have a daughter , Tori Kistler . Their son , Hunter , was murdered in a 2001 San Francisco street robbery .   McPherson left the Republican Party in June 2012 to register as `` no party preference '' .   In November 2012 , McPherson was elected to the Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors .

neg: Joe Crail Joe Crail ( December 25 , 1877 -- March 2 , 1938 ) ( born Joseph Steele Crail ) was a United States Representative from California . He was born in Fairfield , Jefferson County , Iowa . He attended the public schools and graduated from Drake University in Des Moines , Iowa in 1898 .   During the Spanish -- American War , Crail enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Company , United States Volunteer Signal Corps . He was promoted to corporal and served in the American Army of Occupation in Cuba until its withdrawal . He studied law at the Iowa College of Law , and was admitted to the bar in 1903 and commenced practice in Fairfield , Iowa . In 1912 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress from the district which included Fairfield , running as an affiliate of the Progressive Party .   Crail moved to California in 1913 , settled in Los Angeles , and practiced law until elected to Congress . He served as chairman of the Republican State central committee for southern California 1918 -- 20 . He was elected as a Republican to the Seventieth , Seventy-first , and Seventy-second Congresses ( March 4 , 1927 -- March 3 , 1933 ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1932 , but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination as United States Senator . He resumed the practice of law but also engaged in banking . He died in Los Angeles , California in 1938 . He was buried in Inglewood Park Mausoleum , Inglewood , California .

neg: Charles A. Kennedy Charles Augustus Kennedy ( March 24 , 1869 -- January 10 , 1951 ) was a seven-term Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa 's 1st congressional district in southeastern Iowa .   Born in Montrose , Iowa , Kennedy completed preparatory studies . He was interested in horticultural pursuits and later engaged in business as a nurseryman . He served as mayor of Montrose from 1890 to 1895 . He served as member of the Iowa House of Representatives for one two-year term between 1903 and 1905 .   In 1906 , Kennedy was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth Congress . At the time of his nomination , his political philosophy was described as `` strongly standpat , '' a reference to the `` stand-patters '' faction of the Republican Party that provided a conservative alternative to the Party 's progressive wing . He was re-elected six times , before choosing not to run for re-election in 1920 .  He served as chairman of the Committee on Mileage ( in the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses ) , and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors ( in the Sixty-sixth Congress ) . In all , he served from March 4 , 1907 to March 3 , 1921 .   He engaged in banking until his retirement . He died in Montrose on January 10 , 1951 . He was interred in Montrose Cemetery .


query: Top Gun received mixed reviews.

pos: Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego .   Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin .   In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .

neg: Bop Gun (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Bop Gun '' is the second season premiere of the American police drama television series Homicide : Life on the Street , and the tenth overall episode of the series . It originally aired on NBC in the United States on January 6 , 1994 . In the episode , the Baltimore homicide unit investigates the shooting death of the wife of a tourist , played by guest star Robin Williams .   The episode was written by David Mills and David Simon based on a story by executive producer Tom Fontana , and directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal . In response to network feedback and poor ratings from the first season , `` Bop Gun '' marked several changes in the series , including a less bleak visual style and a greater focus on one plot , rather than multiple subplots . It was also the first episode to focus primarily on a homicide victim , rather than on the detectives . Simon felt the dialogue was realistic , especially that of the dark humor employed by detectives as a coping mechanism for dealing with the horrors of the job .   Williams previously worked with Homicide executive producer Barry Levinson on the films Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) and Toys ( 1992 ) . This led to speculation that Williams took the role on `` Bop Gun '' as a favor to Levinson , but the actor insisted it was out of admiration for the series itself . A young Jake Gyllenhaal , the son of the episode 's director , makes an appearance as Williams ' son . The episode was the first to feature Chris Tergesen as music coordinator , which resulted in the use of more songs than previous episodes , including `` Killer '' by Seal and `` Feels Like Rain '' by Buddy Guy .   `` Bop Gun '' was seen by 16.3 million viewers , one of the highest Nielsen ratings of the week , thanks in large part due to interest in Williams ' appearance . The episode received generally positive reviews , with several particularly complimenting the dramatic performance by Williams . `` Bop Gun '' won a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay of an Episodic Drama . Williams also received an Emmy Award nomination for Guest Actor in a Drama Series . The episode , along with the rest of the first and second seasons of Homicide : Life on the Street was released on DVD in the United States on May 27 , 2003 .

neg: Percy Toplis Francis Percy Toplis ( 20 August 1896 -- 6 June 1920 ) was a British criminal and imposter active during and after the First World War . Before the war he was imprisoned for attempted rape . During the war he served as a private in the Royal Army Medical Corps , but regularly posed as an officer while on leave , wearing a monocle . After the war he became notorious following the murder of a taxi driver and the wounding of a police officer who attempted to apprehend him . The subsequent manhunt was major news at the time . He was tracked down and killed in a gunfight with police .   In 1978 a book was published which claimed that he took a major part in the Étaples Mutiny from 9 -- 12 September 1917 , as `` The Monocled Mutineer '' , during the war . The authors suggested that he was subsequently pursued by the political establishment in a vendetta , and may have been innocent of the murder . The book was dramatised by the BBC in 1986 as The Monocled Mutineer , creating considerable controversy .   Critics say that there is no evidence he was actually present , and official records show that Toplis ' regiment was en route to India during the Étaples mutiny . No evidence exists to show that Toplis was absent from his regiment . However , neither is there evidence that Toplis ever went to India . He may only have got as far as Malta . It is now believed highly unlikely that he returned to Europe in time to participate in the mutiny .

neg: Percussion cap The percussion cap , introduced circa 1820 , was the crucial invention that enabled muzzleloading firearms to fire reliably in any weather . This gave rise to the caplock or percussionlock system .   Before this development , firearms used flintlock ignition systems that produced flint-on-steel sparks to ignite a pan of priming powder and thereby fire the gun 's main powder charge ( the flintlock mechanism replaced older ignition systems such as the matchlock and wheellock ) . Flintlocks were prone to misfire in wet weather , and many flintlock firearms were later converted to the more reliable percussion system .   The percussion cap is a small cylinder of copper or brass with one closed end . Inside the closed end is a small amount of a shock-sensitive explosive material such as fulminate of mercury . The percussion cap is placed over a hollow metal `` nipple '' at the rear end of the gun barrel . Pulling the trigger releases a hammer that strikes the percussion cap and ignites the explosive primer . The flame travels through the hollow nipple to ignite the main powder charge . Percussion caps were , and still are , made in small sizes for pistols and larger sizes for rifles and muskets .   While the metal percussion cap was the most popular and widely used type of primer , their small size made them difficult to handle under the stress of combat or while riding a horse . Accordingly , several manufacturers developed alternative , `` auto-priming '' systems . The `` Maynard tape primer '' , for example , used a roll of paper `` caps '' much like today 's toy cap gun . The Maynard tape primer was fitted to some firearms used in the mid-nineteenth century and a few saw brief use in the American Civil War . Other disc or pellet-type primers held a supply of tiny fulminate detonator discs in a small magazine . Cocking the hammer automatically advanced a disc into position . However , these automatic feed systems were difficult to make with the manufacturing systems in the early and mid-nineteenth century and generated more problems than they solved . They were quickly shelved in favor of a single percussion cap that , while awkward to handle in some conditions , could be carried in sufficient quantities to make up for occasionally dropping one while a jammed tape primer system reduced the rifle to an awkward club .   The first practical solution for the problem of handling percussion caps in battle was the Prussian 1841 ( Dreyse needle gun ) , which used a long needle to penetrate a paper cartridge filled with black powder and strike the percussion cap that was fastened to the base of the bullet . While it had a number of problems , it was widely used by the Prussians and other German states in the mid-nineteenth century and was a major factor in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War .   In the 1850s , the percussion cap was first integrated into a metallic cartridge , which contained the bullet , powder charge and primer . By the late 1860s , breech-loading metallic cartridges had made the percussion cap system obsolete . Today , reproduction percussion firearms are popular for recreational shooters and percussion caps are still available ( though some modern muzzleloaders use shotshell primers instead of caps ) . Most percussion caps now use non-corrosive compounds such as lead styphnate .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: F.E.A.R. F.E.A.R. First Encounter Assault Recon is a survival horror first-person shooter video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sierra Entertainment . It was released on October 17 , 2005 , for Microsoft Windows , and ported by Day 1 Studios to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Timegate Studios has released two expansion packs , F.E.A.R. Extraction Point in October 2006 , and F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate in November 2007 . A direct sequel titled F.E.A.R. 2 : Project Origin , was released in February 2009 , and a second sequel , F. 3 . A.R. , was released in June 2011 , though it was developed by Day 1 Studios ( now known as Wargaming Chicago-Baltimore ) , not by Monolith Productions .   The game 's story revolves around a supernatural phenomenon , which F.E.A.R. -- a fictional special forces team -- is called to contain . The player assumes the role of F.E.A.R. 's Point Man , who possesses superhuman reflexes , and must uncover the secrets of a paranormal menace in the form of a little girl .   F.E.A.R. was well received by critics , scoring 89 % on GameRankings , and The New York Times calling it `` as thrilling and involving as Half-Life . '' A `` Director 's Edition '' DVD version of the game was also released . The DVD included a `` Making of '' documentary , a director 's commentary , a short live-action prequel and the exclusive first episode of the promotional P.A.N.I.C.S. machinima . A  related Dark Horse comic book was also packaged with the DVD . Along with the Director 's Edition , F.E.A.R. Gold Edition was released . Gold Edition included the Director 's Edition and Extraction Point . F.E.A.R. Platinum Edition features the original game and two expansion packs .

neg: Classic Army Classic Army ( Yick Fung International ) is a manufacturer of airsoft replicas based in Hong Kong . It produces automatic electric guns or AEGs , and a small number of GBB ( Gas Blowback ) pistols . Designed to resemble real firearms , these replicas fire 6mm plastic BBs at safe velocities . Within the airsoft community , Classic Army is often abbreviated as simply `` CA . ''   Classic Army AEG 's are characterized by their many metal parts and realism , in that most parts that are metal on the real-steel counterpart are also metal on the replica ( although they are usually not cross-compatible ) . These metal components usually include the frame and body , as well as the firing mechanism ( called a `` gearbox '' ) . CA replicas also feature pre-upgraded internals such as metal bushings and polycarbonate pistons .   As with most AEGs , Classic Army replicas use rechargeable batteries ( either NiMH , NiCd ) or more recently LiPo . In an un-modified condition they can be expected to fire 0.2 g BBs at approximately 280 -- 340 feet per second ( FPS ) .

neg: Spec Ops: The Line Spec Ops : The Line is a 2012 third-person shooter video game developed by the German studio Yager Development and published by 2K Games . It was released internationally in June 2012 for Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . It was later released for OS X in 2013 and Linux in 2015 . It is the tenth title , as well as a reboot , of the Spec Ops series , and the first entry since Spec Ops : Airborne Commando in 2002 . The game is powered by Unreal Engine 3 .   In the game , the player controls Captain Martin Walker , who is sent into a post-catastrophe Dubai with an elite Delta Force team on a recon mission . As the game progresses , Walker 's mental health deteriorates , as he begins to experience hallucinations and slowly realizes the horror of war . Players can hide behind cover , vault over obstacles , and shoot enemies while utilizing a variety of gadgets . Sand is a key gameplay mechanic that can be manipulated to defeat enemies . Included with the game is an online multiplayer mode , developed separately by Darkside Game Studios , allowing players to engage in both cooperative and competitive gameplay .   Yager started the game 's development in 2007 , taking inspiration for the setting and story framework from various media , including Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now . The game was designed to be `` physically opposing '' , causing players to question their thoughts about treating war in a video game as entertainment , and tasks players to make a variety of morally ambiguous decisions . The game suffered from multiple delays , and the development team used this time to refine the story and increase the gameplay 's pace . The game 's soundtrack is a mix of licensed music and original music composed by Elia Cmíral .   Video game critics gave Spec Ops : The Line generally positive reviews . Praise focused on the narrative and its themes , while criticism was targeted at the online multiplayer mode and generic third person gameplay . Spec Ops : The Line was a commercial failure and did not garner the attention that distributor Take-Two Interactive had hoped for , but it was awarded and nominated for several end-of-the-year accolades particularly for its story . Yager announced that there would not be a sequel to the game . The game was banned in the United Arab Emirates for its depiction of Dubai in a state of destruction .

neg: List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times .   Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 .   BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design .   At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .

neg: International Defensive Pistol Association The International Defensive Pistol Association ( IDPA ) , founded in 1996 , is an organization based in Berryville , Arkansas , that has created a shooting sport based on defensive pistol techniques , using equipment including full-charge service ammunition to solve simulated `` real world '' self-defense scenarios . Shooters competing in defensive pistol events are required to use practical handguns and holsters that are deemed suitable for self-defense use .   The sport came about as a response to the perceived shortcomings in competitions organized by the United States Practical Shooting Association ( USPSA ) and its migration away from the use of common , un-customized handguns . It was decided by the founders of IDPA ( Bill Wilson , John Sayle , Ken Hackathorn , Dick Thomas , Walt Rauch and Larry Vickers ) , that USPSA competitions had become too far removed from the reality of defensive shooting situations , using extensively modified guns , handmade ammunition , and speed-draw holsters that were impractical for self-defense . The IDPA founders believed that USPSA matches had become `` equipment races '' , which were heavily dependent on a shooter 's gear rather than their ability .   To control costs , alterations to the sidearm are carefully regulated in IDPA , and magazine capacity is limited to a division-specific maximum of 10 rounds .

neg: Combat Shock Combat Shock is a 1986 action war drama film written and directed by Buddy Giovinazzo and distributed by Troma Entertainment .   The plot of the film takes place in Staten Island , and follows an unemployed Vietnam veteran living in total poverty with his nagging wife , his deformed baby due to Ricky having been exposed to Agent Orange that the US was spraying as a defoliant over Vietnam , and junkie friends . Unable to get a job and surrounded by the depravity of urban life and crime , he begins to lose his grip on sanity .  The film received mixed reviews when it was released . Film Threat 's Christopher Curry praised the film for its gritty realism , and Troma president Lloyd Kaufman calls it one of the company 's true `` masterpieces '' ; however , shockcinemamagazine.com called it `` one of the ugliest , nastiest , most depressing movies of the decade '' ( though the review itself was a positive one ) , and Videohound described the film as `` relentlessly bleak ... you wo n't find a more depressing film outside an art-house cinema '' .   Tagline : Fighting , killing , maiming ... Agent Orange and the torture cages were the easy part !

neg: Mama's Gun Mama 's Gun is the second studio album by American neo soul singer Erykah Badu . It was recorded between 1999 and 2000 at Electric Lady Studios in New York and released on November 21 , 2000 , by Motown Records . A neo soul album , Mama 's Gun incorporates funk , soul , and jazz styles . It has confessional lyrics by Badu , which cover themes of insecurity , social issues and personal relationships . The album has been viewed by critics as a female companion to neo soul artist D'Angelo 's second album Voodoo ( 2000 ) , which features a similar musical style and direction . Critics have also noted that while Baduizm contained its share of cryptic lyricism , Mama 's Gun is much more direct in its approach , and places the artist in a subjective position more than its predecessor .   The album contains the single `` Bag Lady '' , Badu 's first top 10 Billboard hit , which was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and for Best R&B Song . The song `` Did n't Cha Know ? '' was also nominated for Best R&B Song . The album features substantial contributions from several members of the Soulquarians outfit , of which Badu was a member . It also features guests such as soul singer Betty Wright and trumpeter Roy Hargrove . Mama 's Gun was met with great critical success and sold strongly , reaching Platinum two months after its release . Thematically the album explores topics regarding self-esteem , relationship breakdowns , and police brutality , and features a more eclectic sound than its predecessor . Rolling Stone magazine named it one of the Top 10 Albums of 2000 .

neg: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots Metal Gear Solid 4 : Guns of the Patriots is an action-adventure stealth video game developed by Kojima Productions and published by Konami exclusively for the PlayStation 3 console . It is the sixth Metal Gear game directed by Hideo Kojima , and was released worldwide on June 12 , 2008 .   Set five years after the events of Metal Gear Solid 2 : Sons of Liberty , the story centers around a prematurely aged Solid Snake , now known as Old Snake , as he goes on one last mission to assassinate his nemesis Liquid Snake , who now inhabits the body of his former henchman Revolver Ocelot under the guise of Liquid Ocelot , before he takes control of the Sons of the Patriots , an A.I. system that controls the activities of PMCs worldwide .   Guns of the Patriots received universal acclaim , garnering perfect reviews and Game of the Year awards from several major gaming publications , including GameSpot , which claimed that the game was `` technically flawless '' . Often considered to be one of the seventh generation of console gaming 's most significant titles , its release caused a boost in sales of the PlayStation 3 , where it sold over six million copies worldwide .

neg: List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication .   Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings :   Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books .   On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 .   In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .

neg: Size Five Games Size Five Games ( formerly Zombie Cow Studios ) is a British independent video game developer founded by Dan Marshall in 2008 . Dan Marshall 's previous games , Gibbage and Cruxade were retroactively brought under the Zombie Cow banner upon its founding .   Their first new release was a donationware adventure game called Ben There , Dan That ! , released in 2008 . It was widely praised by the adventure game community and downloaded 50,000 times but brought in only `` a couple of hundred quid '' due to its donation model . Marshall self-funded the games development , telling the BBC in 2010 `` What I do keeps me fed and warm . I 'm not sure I get to lead the most extravagant lifestyle , or how my earnings compare to people working in the mainstream games industry . '' Marshall later said of the game `` I did n't think people would really pay money for it ... I think that was a bit naive , in retrospect . It 's well worth a couple of quid , and I do regret not charging for it initially . You can always move the price down , you ca n't really move it up . '' A 2011 updated edition of the game , which added a soundtrack and other features , was sold on a `` pay what you want '' model , with a minimum price .   The sequel , Time Gentlemen , Please ! , was released in 2009 to positive reviews . PC Gamer called it `` point-and-click adventuring done right for a change . '' It holds a Metacritic score of 84 % . Both Ben There , Dan That ! and Time Gentlemen , Please ! were later made available for purchase on Steam and GOG.com .   In 2010 , Zombie Cow Studios released Privates , a sex education game funded by Channel 4 and intended to match the `` personal , social , and health education '' guidelines of the National Curriculum The Xbox 360 version was cancelled when Microsoft confirmed that the game contravened the Xbox Live guidelines on sexual content of games , but the company released the Microsoft Windows version for free download from Channel 4 's website . The game won a BAFTA award in the `` Learning - Secondary '' category .   In May 2011 , Zombie Cow Studios changed their name to Size Five Games .   In 2013 , Zombie Cow Studios released Gun Monkeys , a `` procedurally-generated , physics-based , 1-on-1 online platform shooter '' featuring the voice of English actor and comedian , Kevin Eldon .

neg: Top Management (video game) is a multiplatform business simulation video game that turns the player into a highly respected corporate title holder .

neg: Top Authority Top Authority was one of the first rap groups from Flint , Michigan and among the earliest of the underground Midwest rap scene to release a nationally recognized album . Bootleg , a member of the slightly later Flint group The Dayton Family , told Murderdog magazine , `` We grew up together , same hood . We 'd be together every day . That 's family . '' He lists them as leading lights in Flint music , along with acts like Ready for the World and MC Breed . Rapper Chilla Pertilla defined Northern hip hop to Murderdog as `` Eminem , Twista , Bone , Breed , Dayton Family , Top Authority , Esham , and ICP '' .   They first came to public attention with the single `` 93 ( Things Ai n't How They Should Be ) '' from the debut album Something To Blaze To ( TRAK Records , 1993 ) . Something To Blaze To reached # 21 on Billboard 's Top R&B Albums chart in April 1994 . The `` rolling g-funk trio '' ( as allmusic describe members Shotgun , Dalo and Flex ) followed up with Rated G for Wrap Records in 1995 . It featured scratches from DJ Aladdin and reached # 16 on the Top R&B Albums chart . allmusic considers 1997 's Top Authority Uncut ( The New Year ) to be their best release . It peaked at # 21 , with the single `` World War III '' charting at # 37 on Billboard 's Hot Rap Singles . In 2009 Top Authority returned with their fourth album , kush music , on which MC Breed and Do or Die make guest appearances .

neg: Marksmanship Medal The Marksmanship Medal is a United States Navy and the Coast Guard military award and is the highest award one may receive for weapons qualification . The Marksmanship Medal is the equivalent of the Expert Marksmanship Badge in the United States Army and Marine Corps . Additionally , select State National Guard organizations award marksmanship medals to guardsman who achieve some of the highest aggregate scores at state-level marksmanship competitions .   The Marksmanship Medal is awarded for qualifying as an expert marksman on either the 9 × 19mm Beretta M9 ( Navy or Coast Guard ) , .40 S&W SIG P229 DAK ( Coast Guard only ) , or M16 rifle . To qualify at the expert level , a superior score must be obtained on an approved weapons qualification course . The standard Navy weapons qualification course for pistol normally consists of several courses of fire from strong-side supported ( standing ) , weak-side supported ( standing ) , and strong-side supported ( kneeling ) positions . For the rifle , the Navy qualification course consists of firing from a sitting and prone positions .   Those qualifying as an expert marksman are authorized to wear the Marksmanship Medal , awarded as two separate decorations for rifle or pistol qualifications . Those having qualified on both pistol and rifle may receive both medals for simultaneous wear . The Marksmanship Medal is worn as a full-sized medal on dress uniforms . On a duty uniform all successful qualifiers may wear the award as the standard Marksmanship Ribbon . Those qualifying as an expert are authorized to wear the Expert device on the ribbon and those qualifying as a sharpshooter are authorized a `` S '' device ( Navy-bronze and Coast Guard-silver ) for that ribbon .   The Navy Marksmanship Medals were first issued in 1969 .   Similarly , the Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs awards the Alaska Adjutant General 's Marksmanship Proficiency Medals , one for rifle and one for pistol , to the top ten guardsman with the highest aggregate scores at the Alaska National Guard Adjutant General 's Match . The winners of these awards are selected to join the state 's marksmanship team to represents the Alaska National Guard at the Winston P. Wilson Rifle and Pistol Championships for a chance to win the Chief 's Fifty Marksmanship Badge . A red , white , and blue ribbon is used to represent both medals ; however the actual rifle and pistol medals suspended by this ribbon are distinct .

neg: Gun Barrel (band) Gun Barrel is a German heavy metal band formed in 1998 in Cologne , North Rhine-Westphalia . Gun Barrel was founded by Guido Feldhausen and Rolf Tanzius and released their first EP Back To Suicide ( 2000 ) with the line-up consisting of Guido Feldhausen ( vocals ) , Rolf Tanzius ( guitar ) , Holger Schulz ( bass ) and Florens Neuheuser ( drums ) . They play traditional/old school heavy metal and they personally call their musical style `` Power dive rock 'n' metal '' . So far they have released five studio albums , Power-Dive ( 2001 ) , Battle-Tested ( 2003 ) , Bombard Your Soul ( 2005 ) , Outlaw Invasion ( 2008 ) and Brace For Impact ( 2012 ) . Rolf Tanzius is currently the only original band member .

neg: Harry L. Wilson Harry L. Wilson ( born 1957 ) is a Pennsylvania State University and Rutgers University alumnus . He was employed as a bartender during his undergraduate and graduate school time . Wilson is professor of political science at Roanoke College and director of the college 's Center for Community Research . He is the author of the book , Guns , Gun Control , and Elections : The Politics and Policy of Firearms ( Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group , Inc , 2006 ) .   Guns , Gun Control , and Elections explains how current gun control policy was adopted by discussing the roles and interactions of elected officials , interest groups , political parties , and the citizens . By examining arguments for and against stricter gun control , the book helps the reader interpret and understand current research on guns and their uses and gun control .   The book provides insights into how the public perceives the issue of guns and gun control and how the issue is portrayed in the news media . In both instances , Wilson 's conclusions , based on his own research , differ to some degree from the conventional wisdom . For example , while the public tends to support various forms of gun control legislation , they hold out little hope that such laws will reduce gun violence . Coverage of the issue in the national news media tends to be mostly objective , but when there is a bias it is almost always in favor of gun control . While the National Rifle Association receives a great deal of attention in the news , its portrayal is much more likely to be negative than positive .   Wilson devotes a chapter of the book specifically to gun policy in the Commonwealth of Virginia A sabbatical in 2003 provided Wilson the time to attend several Virginia General Assembly sessions where he interviewed legislators and lobbyists . According to Wilson , because of Virginia 's proximity to the nation 's capital and the diversity of its citizens , and because it is home to the National Rifle Association , the state is in a position to influence national gun control policy .   Wilson views guns as `` tools '' that may be used for recreation , protection , or crime , with the purpose being defined by the gun 's owner . Self admittedly his conclusions lean towards arguments for gun rights . Guns , Gun Control , and Elections offers insight into the complexities of the issues and constituents that drive gun policy decisions . Wilson challenges the reader to think about the issues .   `` A wonderful introduction to the far-reaching significance of fire-arms in America , Wilson 's work is a very good supplement for an Introduction to American Politics class '' writes John M. Bruce , associate professor of political science , at the University of Mississippi .

neg: Starting pistol A starting pistol or starter pistol is a blank handgun that is fired to start track and field races , as well as competitive swimming races at some meets . The sound of the gun going off serves as the signal for the athletes to begin the event . Starter guns `` can not fire real ammunition or be modified to fire real ammunition . '' Beside sporting events , they are also used in films and in TV or stage shows . Blank shells or caps are used to prevent expelling projectiles , and only small amount of smoke can be seen when shot . Starting pistols may also include modified versions of standard pistols incapable of firing bullets , most commonly achieved by welding an obstruction into the barrel . This is less common nowadays , especially in Western countries . When electronic timing is used , a sensor is often affixed to the gun , which sends an electronic signal to the timing system upon firing . For deaf competitors or for modern electronic systems , a light may be used instead .   An issue with the use of starting pistols is that , since the report of the pistol is carried to the competitors at the speed of sound , which takes about 3 milliseconds to travel one metre , positions nearest the starter hear the report a few milliseconds before further positions . This issue is exaggerated in races where the runners begin in a stagger , putting a significant distance between the nearest and furthest runners . To avoid this problem , the pistol is in all major competitions wired with a microphone that transmits the sound virtually instantaneously to loudspeakers directly behind each competitor .   With security after the September 11 attacks on the US becoming prevalent , causing issues with starting pistols , a trend developed to use electronic starting systems that do not use pistols , but use a `` dummy '' prop pistol which can not function as a firearm that is wired to the timing system . When the starter presses the button , they emit a signal to play a simulated gunshot that is broadcast to loudspeakers behind each lane , show a flash , emit simulated smoke , and start the timing clock . Many venues have switched to the new format . Beyond the security concerns , it has also been observed that even with the use of loudspeakers , some competitors still wait for the actual sound of the gun to reach them , and since the new all-electronic starting pistols have no such problems , they became the official way of starting games at the 2012 Summer Olympics .


query: Dragon is from a Greek word meaning "dragon, serpent of huge size, water-snake."

pos: Dragon A dragon is a legendary creature , typically scaled or fire-spewing and with serpentine , reptilian or avian traits , that features in the myths of many cultures around world . The two most well-known cultural traditions of dragon are   The European dragon , derived from European folk traditions and ultimately related to Balkans and Western Asian mythologies . Most are depicted as reptilian creatures with animal-level intelligence , and are uniquely six-limbed ( four legs and a separate set of wings ) .  The Chinese dragon , with counterparts in Japan ( namely the Japanese dragon ) , Korea and other East Asian and South Asian countries . Most are depicted as serpentine creatures with above-average intelligence , and are quadrupeds ( four legs and wingless ) .   The two traditions may have evolved separately , but have influenced each other to a certain extent , particularly with the cross-cultural contact of recent centuries . The English word dragon and Latin word draco derives from Greek δράκων ( drákōn ) , `` dragon , serpent of huge size , water-snake '' .

neg: Gargouille The Gargouille ( also Garguiem , as gargoyle from a word for `` throat '' ) is a dragon from the legend of Saint Romanus of Rouen . The monster does not figure in the older account of the saint 's life , being recorded for the first time in 1394 .   On the left bank of the Seine at Rouen were wild swamps through which rampaged a huge serpent or dragon who `` devoured and destroyed people and beasts of the field '' . Romanus decided to hunt in this area but could only find one man to help him , a man condemned to death who had nothing to lose . They arrived in the serpent 's land and Romanus drew the sign of the cross on the beast . It then lay down at his feet and let Romanus put his stole on him as a leash , in which manner he led it into the town to be condemned to death and burned on the parvis of the cathedral ( or thrown into the Seine according to other authors ) . This legend was the origin for the bishops ' privilege ( lasting until 1790 ) to pardon one prisoner condemned to death each year , by giving the pardoned man or woman the reliquary holding Romanus 's relics in a procession .

neg: Dīs Pater Dīs Pater -LSB- diːs ˈpa.tɛr -RSB- was a Roman god of the underworld , later subsumed by Pluto or Hades ( Hades was Greek ) . Originally a chthonic god of riches , fertile agricultural land , and underground mineral wealth , he was later commonly equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus , becoming an underworld deity .   Dīs Pater was commonly shortened to simply Dīs . This name has since become an alternative name for the underworld or a part of the underworld , such as the City of Dis of The Divine Comedy .   It is often thought that Dīs Pater was also a Celtic god . This confusion arises from the second-hand citation of one of Julius Caesar 's comments in his Commentaries on the Gallic Wars VI :18 , where he says that the Gauls all claimed descent from Dīs Pater . However , Caesar 's remark is a clear example of interpretatio Romana : what Caesar meant was that the Gauls all claimed descent from a Gaulish god that reminded him of the Roman Dīs Pater , that is , a chthonic deity associated with prosperity and fertility . Different possible candidates exist for this role in Celtic religion , such as Gaulish Sucellus , Irish Donn and Welsh Beli Mawr , among others .

neg: Dragon turtle A dragon turtle ( 龙龟 , Lóngguī ) is a legendary Chinese creature that combines two of the four celestial animals of Chinese mythology : the body of a turtle with a dragon is promoted as a positive ornament in Feng Shui , symbolizing courage , determination , fertility , longevity , power , success , and support . Decorative carvings or statuettes of the creature are traditionally placed facing the window .   Mapmakers sometimes drew dragon turtles along with other fantastical creatures in unexplored areas .

neg: Diglossia In linguistics , diglossia ( -LSB- daɪˈɡlɒsiə -RSB- from Koine Greek διγλωσσία from δι - prefix `` two '' ( from δίς , `` twice '' ) , γλῶσσα , `` language '' and - ία , suffix denoting state or attribute , `` speaking two languages '' ) is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used by a single language community . In addition to the community 's everyday or vernacular language variety ( labeled `` L '' or `` low '' variety ) , a second , highly codified variety ( labeled `` H '' or `` high '' ) is used in certain situations such as literature , formal education , or other specific settings , but not used for ordinary conversation .   The high variety may be an older stage of the same language ( e.g. , Latin in the early Middle Ages ) , an unrelated language , or a distinct yet closely related present day dialect ( e.g. , Standard German alongside Low German ( Plattdüütsch ) ; or Chinese , with Mandarin as the official , literary standard and local varieties of Chinese used in everyday communication ) . Other examples include literary Katharevousa versus spoken Demotic Greek ; literary Tamil versus spoken Tamil and Indonesian , with its Baku and Gaul forms ; and literary versus spoken Welsh .

neg: Dragon Fountain Dragon Fountain may refer to :  Fountains  Dragon Fountain , Copenhagen , a fountain in Copenhagen , Denmark  Dragon Fountain , a fountain in Schleiz , Germany   Other  Longquan , a Chinese city whose name means `` Dragon Fountain ''

neg: Hades Hades ( -LSB- ˈheɪdiːz -RSB- -LSB- or Άͅδης , Háidēs ) was the ancient Greek chthonic god of the underworld , which eventually took his name .   In Greek mythology , Hades was regarded as the oldest son of Cronus and Rhea , although the last son regurgitated by his father . He and his brothers Zeus and Poseidon defeated their father 's generation of gods , the Titans , and claimed rulership over the cosmos . Hades received the underworld , Zeus the sky , and Poseidon the sea , with the solid earth -- long the province of Gaia -- available to all three concurrently . Hades was often portrayed with his three-headed guard dog Cerberus .   The Etruscan god Aita and Roman gods Dis Pater and Orcus were eventually taken as equivalent to the Greek Hades and merged as Pluto , a Latinization of his euphemistic Greek name Plouton .

neg: Dilong Dilong ( ; lit . `` earth dragon '' ) is a Chinese dragon name that is also used to mean `` earthworm '' in Traditional Chinese Medicine and `` Geosaurus '' in Zoological nomenclature .

neg: Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems .   The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics .   During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora .   Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .

neg: Mytheme In structuralism-influenced studies of mythology , a mytheme is a fundamental generic unit of narrative structure ( typically involving a relationship between a character , an event , and a theme ) from which myths are thought to be constructed - a minimal unit that is always found shared with other , related mythemes and reassembled in various ways ( `` bundled '' ) or linked in more complicated relationships . For example , the myths of Adonis and Osiris share several elements , leading some scholars to conclude that they share a source , i.e. images passed down in cultures or from one to another , being ascribed new interpretations of the action depicted , as well as new names in various readings of icons . Claude Lévi-Strauss ( 1908-2009 ) , who gave the term wide circulation , wrote , `` If one wants to establish a parallel between structural linguistics and the structural analysis of myths , the correspondence is established , not between mytheme and word but between mytheme and phoneme . ''   The structuralist analyzer of folk tales , Vladimir Propp , treated the individual tale as the unit of analysis . The unitary mytheme , by contrast , is the equivalent in myth of the phonemes , morphemes , and sememes into which structural linguistics divides language , the smallest possible units of sound , structure , and meaning ( respectively ) within a language system .   In the 1950s Claude Lévi-Strauss first adapted this technique of language analysis to analytic myth criticism . In his work on the myth systems of primitive tribes , working from the analogy of language structure , he adopted the French term mythème , with the assertion that the system of meaning within mythic utterances parallels closely that of a language system . Roman Jakobson varies this idea , treating mythemes as concepts or phonemes which have no significance in themselves but whose significance might be shown by sociological analysis .   Philosophers such as Daniel Dennett have also used the term `` mytheme '' .   Lev Manovich uses the terms seme and mytheme in his book , The Language of New Media , to describe aspects of culture that computer images enter into dialog with .

neg: Drakaina (model) Drakaina ( -LSB- draˈka.ena -RSB- ) ( born August 28 , 1975 ) is a French actress and model . The name , Drakaina , means she dragon in Greek and it came up while Ariock and Drakaina were talking about Echidna , the mother of all monsters : he mentioned that she was a `` Drakaina '' , and she instantly knew that it would be her name ... -- from Drakaina 's official biography -- Drakaina is a registered trademark belonging to Drakaina since 2001 .

neg: Maenad In Greek mythology , maenads ( -LSB- ˈmiːnædz -RSB- μαινάδες -LSB- - grcmaiˈnades -RSB- ) were the female followers of Dionysus and the most significant members of the Thiasus , the god 's retinue . Their name literally translates as `` raving ones . '' Maenads were known as Bassarids , Bacchae -LSB- ˈbækiː -RSB- or Bacchantes -LSB- ˈbækənts , _ bəˈkænts , _ - ˈkɑːnts -RSB- in Roman mythology after the penchant of the equivalent Roman god , Bacchus , to wear a bassaris or fox-skin .   Often the maenads were portrayed as inspired by Dionysus into a state of ecstatic frenzy through a combination of dancing and intoxication . During these rites , the maenads would dress in fawn skins and carry a thyrsus , a long stick wrapped in ivy or vine leaves and tipped with a pine cone . They would weave ivy-wreaths around their heads or wear a bull helmet in honor of their god , and often handle or wear snakes .   These women were mythologized as the ` mad women ' who were nurses of Dionysus in Nysa : Lycurgus `` chased the Nurses of the frenzied Dionysus through the holy hills of Nysa , and the sacred implements dropped to the ground from the hands of one and all , as the murderous Lycurgus struck them down with his ox-goad . '' They went into the mountains at night and practiced strange rites .   According to Plutarch 's Life of Alexander , maenads were called Mimallones and Klodones in Macedon , epithets derived from the feminine art of spinning wool . Nevertheless , these warlike parthenoi ( `` virgins '' ) from the hills , associated with a Dionysios pseudanor `` fake male Dionysus '' , routed an invading enemy . In southern Greece they were described with Bacchae , Bassarides , Thyiades , Potniades and other epithets .   The term maenad has come to be associated with a wide variety of women , supernatural , mythological , and historical , associated with the god Dionysus and his worship .   In Euripides ' play The Bacchae , maenads of Thebes murder King Pentheus after he bans the worship of Dionysus . Dionysus , Pentheus ' cousin , himself lures Pentheus to the woods , where the maenads tear him apart . His corpse is mutilated by his own mother , Agave , who tears off his head , believing it to be that of a lion . A group of maenads also kill Orpheus .   In ceramic art , the frolicking of Maenads and Dionysus is often a theme depicted on kraters , used to mix water and wine . These scenes show the maenads in their frenzy running in the forests , often tearing to pieces any animal they happen to come across .   German philologist Walter Friedrich Otto writes :

neg: The Greek Myths The Greek Myths ( 1955 ) is a mythography , a compendium of Greek mythology , with comments and analyses , by the poet and writer Robert Graves , normally published in two volumes , though there are abridged editions that present the myths only .   Each myth is presented in the voice of a narrator writing under the Antonines , such as Plutarch or Pausanias , with citations of the classical sources . The literary quality of these retellings is generally praised .   Each myth is followed by Graves 's interpretation of its origin and significance , following his theories on a prehistoric Matriarchal religion as presented in his book White Goddess and elsewhere . These theories and his etymologies are generally rejected by classical scholars , but Graves dismissed such criticism , arguing that by definition classical scholars lack `` the poetic capacity to forensically examine mythology '' .

neg: Hippodamia (wife of Pirithous) In Greek mythology , Hippodamia ( -LSB- ˌhɪpədəˈmaɪ.ə -RSB- Ἱπποδάμεια , `` she who masters horses '' derived from ἵππος hippos `` horse '' and δαμάζειν damazein `` to tame '' ; also known as Deidamia ( -LSB- ˌdaɪdəˈmaɪ.ə -RSB- Ancient Greek : Δηιδάμεια ) , Laodamia -LSB- ˌleɪ.ədəˈmaɪ.ə -RSB- , Hippoboteia -LSB- ˌhɪpəbəˈtaɪ.ə -RSB- , Dia -LSB- ˈdaɪ.ə -RSB- or Ischomache -LSB- ᵻˈskɒməkiː -RSB- ) , daughter of Atrax or Butes , was the bride of King Pirithous of the Lapiths . At their wedding , Hippodamia , the other female guests , and the young boys were almost abducted by the Centaurs . Pirithous and his friend , Theseus , led the Lapiths to victory over the Centaurs in a battle known as the Centauromachy . With Pirithous , she mothered Polypoetes , but died shortly after her son 's birth .   The abduction of Hippodamia was not an uncommon subject of Western art in the classical tradition , including the sculpture The Abduction of Hippodameia by French artist Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse and a painting by Rubens .

neg: Hydra Hydra generally refers to :  Lernaean Hydra , a many-headed serpent in Greek mythology  Hydra ( genus ) , a genus of simple freshwater animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria   Hydra or The Hydra may also refer to :

neg: Ophichthidae Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes , commonly known as the Snake eels . The term `` Ophichthidae '' comes from Greek ophis ( `` serpent '' ) and ichthys ( `` fish '' ) . Snake eels are also burrowing eels , they are named for their physical appearance , they have long , cylindrical snakelike bodies . This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters . They inhabit a wide range of habitats , from coastal shallows and even rivers , to depths of above 800 m. Most species are bottom dwellers , hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish , but some are pelagic .   These species range from 5 cm to 2.3 m or more in length . Many species lack fins altogether , improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms . They are often spotted or striped in colour , mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators . Often , they are washed ashore by large storms .

neg: Beowulf Beowulf ( -LSB- ˈbeɪoʊ-wʊlf , _ ˈbiːoʊ -- -RSB- -LSB- ˈbeːo̯ˌwulf -RSB- ) is an Old English epic poem consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines . It may be the oldest surviving long poem in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature . A date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars ; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript , which was produced between 975 and 1025 . The author was an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet , referred to by scholars as the `` Beowulf poet '' .   The poem is set in Scandinavia . Beowulf , a hero of the Geats , comes to the aid of Hrothgar , the king of the Danes , whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel . After Beowulf slays him , Grendel 's mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated . Victorious , Beowulf goes home to Geatland ( Götaland in modern Sweden ) and later becomes king of the Geats . After a period of fifty years has passed , Beowulf defeats a dragon , but is fatally wounded in the battle . After his death , his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory .   The full poem survives in the manuscript known as the Nowell Codex . It has no title in the original manuscript , but has become known by the name of the story 's protagonist . In 1731 , the manuscript was badly damaged by a fire that swept through Ashburnham House in London that had a collection of medieval manuscripts assembled by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton . The Nowell Codex is currently housed in the British Library .

neg: Diablo Diablo -LSB- diˈaβlo -RSB- is a Spanish word meaning `` Devil '' .   Diablo may also refer to :

neg: Amazonius Apollo Amazonius ( Gr . Ἀμαζόνιος ) was a cultic epithet of the Greek god Apollo , under which he was worshiped , and had a temple at Pyrrhichus in Laconia . The name was derived either from the belief that the mythological Amazons had penetrated into the Peloponnese region as far as Pyrrhichus , or that they themselves had founded Apollo 's temple there .   The sole known reference to this etymology , in Pausanias ' Description of Greece , is an oddity in the study of the Amazon mythological tradition . It is strange to hear of the Amazons in Laconia , a region in no way associated with the usual tale of their invasion of Attica . Pausanias suggests a large Amazonian army halted there , which is also at odds with the Boeotian mythological tradition which indicates only a few Amazons were separated from the host after their defeat by Theseus . Secondly , this Apollo is mentioned as a companion of the goddess Artemis , which was also unusual , and which has led some scholars to speculate that `` Apollo Amazonius '' indicates not the traditional Greek Apollo , but a distinctly non-Hellenic deity , possibly that of the more Asiatic peoples of Laconia , Lycia , Phrygia and Crete , prior to Hellenic colonization . The name `` Apollo '' across different regions of classical antiquity often referred to slightly different entities with varying attributes .

neg: Reptiles (M. C. Escher) Reptiles is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher first printed in March 1943 .   It depicts a desk upon which is a 2D drawing of a tessellated pattern of reptiles and hexagons . The reptiles at one edge of the drawing emerge into three dimensional reality , come to life and appear to crawl over a series of symbolic objects ( a book on nature , a geometers triangle , a three dimensional/pentagonal dodecahedron , a pewter bowl containing a box of matches and a box of cigarettes ) to eventually re-enter the drawing at its opposite edge . Other objects on the desk that may also be symbolic are a potted cactus and yucca , a ceramic flask with a cork stopper next to a small glass of liquid , a book of JOB cigarette rolling papers , and an open handwritten note book of many pages . Although only the size of small lizards , the reptiles have protruding crocodile-like fangs , and the one atop the dodecahedron has a dragon-like puff of smoke billowing from its nostrils .   Like many of Escher 's works , the meaning of the imagery is enigmatic . There are , however , a number of scholarly interpretations of the work . One is that the lizard represents man , emerging from pure concept in two dimensions , becoming a three dimensional being , groping through life acquiring knowledge and wisdom , arriving at deep understanding of science and sacred geometric principals and the alchemical/spiritual nature of reality and existence , and finally descending to reunion with the realm of pure concept . In this theory the objects around the edge of the drawing are signals of the stages of emergence ( cactus , biological life ) , the beginning of the fire-quest for knowledge ( rolling papers ) , contemplation and distillation ( a jug and partially consumed glass of spirits ) , deep study , understanding and wisdom ( the open well-used notebook ) , and re-integration ( matches and cigarettes symbolizing controlled/civilized fire that nonetheless consumes and returns the physical to the abstract ) .   Once a woman telephoned Escher and told him that she thought the image was a `` striking illustration of reincarnation '' . Another anecdote revolves around the small book on the desk with the letters JOB printed on it . Many people believed it to represent the biblical Book of Job . This is understandable since the reptilian animal matches the description of the extinct creature `` Leviathan '' in chapter 41 . The identity of the creature is difficult to determine as the book of Job is the oldest book in the Bible . Some say it may be Sarcosuchus . This ancient crocodyliform was discovered in Niger , Africa , which is near the proposed location of Uz , where the events of Job took place . The most likely interpretation of the small book in this work is that it is a book of JOB brand cigarette rolling papers that references the book in the Bible . It is uniquely coincidental how both the cigarette paper and Leviathan are related to fire .

neg: Pygmy (Greek mythology) The Pygmies ( Πυγμαῖοι Pygmaioi , from the adjective πυγμαῖος from πυγμή pygmē , `` the length of the forearm '' ) were a tribe of diminutive humans in Greek mythology . According to the Iliad , they were involved in a constant war with the cranes , which migrated in winter to their homeland on the southern shores of the earth-encircling river Oceanus . One story describes the origin of the age-old battle , speaking of a Pygmy Queen named Gerana who offended the goddess Hera with her boasts of superior beauty , and was transformed into a crane .   In art the scene was popular with little Pygmies armed with spears and slings , riding on the backs of goats , battling the flying cranes . The 2nd-century BC tomb near Panticapaeum , Crimea `` shows the battle of human pygmies with a flock of herons '' .   The Pygmies were often portrayed as pudgy , comical dwarfs .   In another legend , the Pygmies once encountered Heracles , and climbing all over the sleeping hero attempted to bind him down , but when he stood up they fell off . The story was adapted by Jonathan Swift as a template for Lilliputians .   Later Greek geographers and writers attempted to place the Pygmies in a geographical context . Sometimes they were located in far India , at other times near the Ethiopians of Africa . The Pygmy bush tribes of central Africa were so named after the Greek mythological creatures by European explorers in the 19th century .