query: A signer of the Poona Pact is Mahatma Gandhi.

pos: Poona Pact The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune , India . It was signed by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and some other leaders to break the fast unto death undertaken by Gandhi in Yerwada prison to annul the Macdonald Award giving separate electorates to Dalits for electing members of state legislative assemblies in British India .   History of the Poona Pact  The British invited leaders of different parties in the Round Table Conferences in 1930-32 to draft a new law involving self-rule for the Indians . Mahatma Gandhi did not attend the first and the last but attended the second of the Conferences . The concept of separate electorates for the untouch was raised by Ambedkar . Similar provisions were already available for other minorities , including Muslims , Christians , Anglo-Indians and Sikhs . The British government agreed with Ambedkar 's contention and British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald 's Communal Award to the depressed classes was to be incorporated into the constitution in the governance of British India . Gandhi strongly opposed the Communal Award on the grounds that it would disintegrate Hindu society . Ambedkar vehemently criticised the way of handling the problems of the Harijans by Gandhiji . Gandhi took up a fast unto death in his prison cell in Poona , protesting that separate electorates were a device which would separate the untouchables from the Hindu society forever . He began an indefinite hunger strike at Yerwada Central Jail from 20 September 1932 to protest against this Award . A compromise was reached on 24 September 1932 .   The text uses the term `` Depressed Classes '' to denote Untouchables who were later called Scheduled Castes under India Act 1935 , and the later Indian Constitution of 1950 .

neg: Great Depression in India The Great Depression of 1929 had a very severe impact on India , which was then under the rule of the British Raj . The Government of British India adopted a protective trade policy which , though beneficial to the United Kingdom , caused great damage to the Indian economy . During the period 1929 -- 1937 , exports and imports fell drastically crippling seaborne international trade . The railways and the agricultural sector were the most affected .   The international financial crisis combined with detrimental policies adopted by the Government of India resulted in soaring prices of commodities . High prices along with the stringent taxes prevalent in British India had a dreadful impact on most Indians . The discontent of farmers manifested itself in rebellions and riots . The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 was one of the measures undertaken as a response to heavy taxation during the Great Depression .   The Great Depression and the economic policies of the Government of British India worsened already deteriorating Indo-British relations . When the first general elections were held according to the Government of India Act 1935 , anti-British feelings resulted in the pro-independence Indian National Congress winning in most provinces with a very high percentage of the vote share .

neg: Man and his Becoming according to the Vedanta Man and his Becoming according to the Vedanta is a book by René Guénon .  The Introduction to the Study of the Hindu doctrines had , among its objectives , the purpose of giving the proper intellectual basis to promote openness to the study of eastern intellectuality . The study of Hindu doctrines is continued in his book Man and his Becoming according to the Vêdantâ by taking the specific viewpoint of the human being 's constitution according to the Vêdantâ : René Guénon states that his goal is not to present a synthetic exposition of all vedic doctrines `` which would be quite an impossible task '' , but to consider `` a particular point of that doctrine '' , in that case the definition of the human being , in order to contemplate afterwards other aspects of metaphysics .   The book begins in precising the nature of the Vêdantâ , its profound signification as the `` end of the Vedas '' , and the traditional signification of Shruti and Smriti scriptures :  the distinction between shruti and smriti is , fundamentally , equivalent to that between immediate intellectual intuition and reflective consciousness ; if the first is described by a word bearing the primitive meaning of ` hearing ' , this is precisely in order to indicate its intuitive character , and because according to the Hindu cosmological doctrine , sound holds the primordial rank among sensible qualities .  The fundamental texts called Mimânsa ( Pûrva-Mimânsa , Uttara-Mimânsa ) , the Upanishads , the Brahmâ-Sûtras , along with Hindu cosmological texts are listed , and the notion of `` intellectual function '' associated to their origin is proposed , as opposed to the profane notion of `` author '' .   The general considerations of the `` Self '' , the `` Unmanifested '' and the universal `` Manifestation '' are then introduced : the `` universal Manifestation '' is all that exists and its development is constantly being in progress , towards destiny . The `` Unmanifested '' is all that is beyond universal Manifestation , so that it can only be designated by negation . The second chapter also establishes the fundamental distinctions between the `` Self '' and the ego , or `` personality '' and `` individuality '' , the first being the only One that is `` absolutely real '' . These ideas are declined in different denominations depending , for a first part , on the different degrees of reality considered , and also from the `` transcendent '' and `` immanent '' point of views that can be contemplated : Ishwara is the `` Divine personality '' or the Principle of universal Manifestation . It is unmanifested , for the Principle of Manifestation can not be Itself manifested ( this is in relation to the symbolism of `` black heads '' : Ishwara has Its head in `` darkness '' ) . Atmâ , Paramâtmâ , Brahmâ : the realization that the Self , `` in relation to any being whatsoever , is in reality identical to Atmâ '' , constitutes the heart of the Hindu doctrine of `` delivrance '' or `` moksha '' , and that doctrine is absolutely identical to what Islamic esoterism calls the `` Supreme Identity '' ( that is to say , expressed in Hindu terms , the identity of Atmâ and Brahmâ ) :  `` the ` Supreme Identity ' , according to an expression borrowed from Islamic esoterism , where the doctrine on this and on many other points is fundamentally the same as in the Hindu tradition , in spite of great differences in form . ''  If the `` Supreme Identity '' ( or `` moksha '' or `` delivrance '' ) , is made possible , through realization , it is because at the very heart of the human being ( not to be confused with the heart organ of the corporeal envelope ) is found what is called Brahmâ 's journey , or Brahmâ-pura .   From there , all different degrees of individual manifestation can be described and named , and in particular the tanmatras , the mind or manas in its role of coordinator of internal and external faculties , the five vayus , the different prânas , and the distinctions between the waking state , the dream state , and the deep sleep state .   The book ends with a description of the reabsorption of the individual faculties , either in the posthumous conditions , or in the spiritual process of realization , up to the `` final delivrance '' or `` Supreme Identity '' , which is the ultimate goal of any true spiritual path .   Category :1925 books  Category : Books by René Guénon

neg: Disqualification of convicted representatives in India On 10 July 2013 , the Supreme Court of India , in its judgement of the Lily Thomas v. Union of India case ( along with Lok Prahari v. Union of India ) , ruled that any Member of Parliament ( MP ) , Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) or Member of a Legislative Council ( MLC ) who is convicted of a crime and awarded a minimum of two year imprisonment , loses membership of the House with immediate effect . This is in contrast to the earlier position , wherein convicted members held on to their seats until they exhausted all judicial remedy in lower , state and supreme court of India . Further , Section 8 ( 4 ) of the Representation of the People Act , which allowed elected representatives three months to appeal their conviction , was declared unconstitutional by the bench of Justice A. K. Patnaik and Justice S. J. Mukhopadhaya .   In an attempt to overturn this decision , the Representation of the People ( Second Amendment and Validation ) Bill , 2013 , was introduced into the Rajya Sabha on 30 August by Law Minister Kapil Sibal ; by the proposed amendment , representatives would not be disqualified immediately after conviction . The Indian government also filed a review petition , which the Supreme Court dismissed . On 24 September , a few days before the fodder scam verdict , the government tried to bring the bill into effect as an ordinance . However , Rahul Gandhi , Vice-President of the Indian National Congress , made his opinion of the ordinance clear in a press meeting : `` It 's complete nonsense . It should be torn up and thrown away . '' Members of opposition parties claimed that Gandhi 's comments indicated total confusion within the government , and called for the resignation of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . Within 5 days , both the ordinance and the bill were withdrawn on 2 October .   On 1 October 2013 , Rasheed Masood became the first MP to lose his membership of parliament under the new guidelines , when he was sentenced to four years imprisonment for cheating , forgery and corruption .

neg: Sant Mat Sant Mat means literally `` Teachings of Sants '' ( mystic saints ) . By association and by seeking truth following sants and their teachings , a movement was indicated , prominent on the Indian subcontinent from about the 13th century CE . Theologically , the teachings are distinguished by inward , loving devotion by individual soul ( Atma ) to the Divine Principal God ( Parmatma ) . Socially , an egalitarian understanding stands separate from qualitative distinctions of a Hindu caste system , and to those between Hindus and Muslims .   The lineage of sants can be divided into two main groups :   a northern group from the provinces of Punjab , Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh , who expressed themselves mainly in vernacular Hindi ;   a southern group , whose language is archaic Marathi , represented by Namdev and other sants of Maharashtra .

neg: Jai Narayan Poonia Jai Narayan Poonia ( born 1933 ) is a former Cabinet Minister and leader of Rajasthan in India . He is former Minister of Public Works . He was born in village Lakhlan Choti of district Churu in Rajasthan in the family of Choudhary Jagmal Poonia clan Hindu Jat . He married Manbhari Devi .

neg: Swadeshi movement The Swadeshi movement , part of the Indian independence movement and the developing Indian nationalism , was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India by following the principles of swadeshi ( self-sufficiency ; ) , which had some success . Strategies of the Swadeshi movement involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and production processes . It was mainly introduced by Gandhi .   L. M. Bhole identifies five phases of the Swadeshi movement .  1850 to 1904 : developed by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji , Gokhale , Ranade , Tilak , G.V. Joshi .  1905 to 1917 : Began with and because of the partition of Bengal in 1905 by Lord Curzon .  1918 to 1947 : Swadeshi thought shaped by Mahatma Gandhi , accompanied by the rise of Indian industrialists .  1948 to 1991 : Widespread curbs on international and inter-state trade . India became a bastion of obsolete technology during the licence-permit raj .  1991 onwards : liberalization and globalization . Foreign capital , foreign technology , and many foreign goods are not excluded and doctrine of export-led growth resulted in modern industrialism .   The second Swadeshi movement started with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India , Lord Curzon in 1905 and continued up to 1911 .  It was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movement . Its chief architects were Aurobindo Ghosh , Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak , Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai , V. O. Chidambaram Pillai , Babu Genu . Swadeshi , as a strategy , was a key focus of Mahatma Gandhi , who described it as the soul of Swaraj ( self rule ) . It was strongest in Bengal and was also called vandemataram movement . Gandhi , at the time of the actual movement , remained loyal to the British Crown .

neg: List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award of the Republic of India . Instituted on 2 January 1954 , the award is given for the `` exceptional and distinguished service '' , without distinction of race , occupation , position , or sex . The Padma Vibhushan award recipients are announced every year on Republic Day and registered in The Gazette of Indiaa publication released weekly by the Department of Publication , Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices . The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette . Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored , both of which require the authority of the President , are also registered in the Gazette and are required to surrender their medals when their names are struck from the register . , none of the conferments of Padma Vibhushan have been revoked or restored . The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments , the Ministries of the Government , the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients , the Institutes of Excellence , the Ministers , the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State , and the Members of Parliament including private individuals . The recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee , constituted by the Prime Minister . The committee recommendations are later submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for the further approval .   When instituted in 1954 , the Padma Vibhushan was classified as `` Pahela Warg '' ( Class I ) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards ; preceded by the Bharat Ratna , the highest civilian award , and followed by `` Dusra Warg '' ( Class II ) , and `` Tisra Warg '' ( Class III ) . On 15 January 1955 , the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards ; the Padma Vibhushan , the highest of the three , followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri . The criteria includes `` exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants '' but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists . The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute . The award , along with other personal civil honours , was briefly suspended twice in its history ; for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister . The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 , after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister . The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992 , when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed in the High Courts questioning the civilian awards being `` Titles '' per an interpretation of Article 18 ( 1 ) of the Constitution . The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995 , following the conclusion of the litigation .   The recipients receive a Sanad ( certificate ) signed by the President and a medal with no monetary grant associated with the award . The decoration is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1 +3 / 4 inch in diameter and 1/8 inch thick . The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1 +3 / 16 inch side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern . A raised circular space of diameter 1 +1 / 16 inch is placed at the centre of the decoration . A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text `` Padma '' written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text `` Vibhushan '' is placed below the lotus . The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto , `` Satyameva Jayate '' ( Truth alone triumphs ) in Devanagari Script , inscribed on the lower edge . The rim , the edges and all embossing on either side is of white gold with the text `` Padma Vibhushan '' of silver gilt . The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1 +1 / 4 inch in width . It is ranked fourth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations .   The first recipients of the Padma Vibhushan were Satyendra Nath Bose , Nandalal Bose , Zakir Husain , Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher , V. K. Krishna Menon , and Jigme Dorji Wangchuck , who were honoured in 1954 . , the award has been bestowed on 300 individuals , including twelve posthumous and nineteen non-citizen recipients . Some of the recipients have refused or returned their awards ; Vilayat Khan , Swami Ranganathananda , and Manikonda Chalapathi Rau refused the award ; the family members of Lakshmi Chand Jain ( 2011 ) and Sharad Anantrao Joshi ( 2016 ) declined their posthumous conferments , and 1986 recipient Baba Amte returned his honour in 1991 . Most recently on 25 January 2017 , the award has been bestowed upon seven recipients ; Murli Manohar Joshi , Sharad Pawar , Udupi Ramachandra Rao , Jaggi Vasudev , K. J. Yesudas and posthumously on Sunder Lal Patwa and P. A. Sangma .

neg: Prime Minister of India The Prime Minister of India ( Hindi : भारत के प्रधानमन्त्री , Bhārat kē Pradhānamantrī ) is the head of government and leader of the executive branch of the Government of India . The Prime Minister is also the chief adviser to the President of India and head of the Council of Ministers . They can be a member of any of the two houses of Parliament ( the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha ) , but has to be the leader of the political party , having a majority in the Lok Sabha .   The Prime Minister is the senior member of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system . The Prime Minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet ; allocates posts to members within the Government ; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet .   The federal or union cabinet headed by the Prime Minister is appointed by the President of India to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive . Union cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75 ( 3 ) . The Prime Minister shall always enjoy the confidence of Lok Sabha and shall resign if they are unable to prove majority when instructed by the President .

neg: Social movement in India From the early 1970s new forms of social mobilisation began in India . They gained a variety of names such as social movement , people 's movement , popular movements etc. . These movements emerged and highlighted some of the major issues such as gender and environment .   One of the leading analyst and participant in social movements in India , Sanjay Sangvi , identified the major agendas of them as `` Movements of landless , unorganised labour in rural and urban areas , adivasis , dalits , displaced people , peasants , urban poor , small entrepreneurs and unemployed youth took up the issues of livelihood , opportunities , dignity and development . ''   Most well known movements in the country are Chipko movement , Save Silent Valley , Narmada Bachao Andolan , Koel Karo , Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha , Jhola Aandolan chutmarika ( fighting polythene ) , Appiko movement , Save Kudremukh , Lok Satta Movement , Swadhyay Movement , Swatantra Sharad Joshi , Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha   These movements largely distanced themselves from political parties , or tried to cut across the ideologies of the political parties . Yet many of them rooted themselves or drew from ideologies of the Mahatma Gandhi , various shades environmentalisms or gender politics , or socialism .   The most recent of social movements is ` Campaign against corruption ' , April 2011 , led by a group of social activists - Anna Hazare , Arvind Kejriwal , Kiran Bedi , a Gandhian sits on , Sri Ram Burgula the heart of New Delhi , capital of India , for fast unto death , demanding enactment of the long pending Jan Lokpal Bill . This movement got support of general masses and media . This created a buzz when political leaders were denied sharing of dias with the social activists . This movement is a landmark in the constitutional history of independent India , which has forced government to include 5 non-official members in the Sri Ram Burgula Bill Drafting committee . Usually , only ministers are members of any legislation drafting committees . While enactment of the law and action by Sri Ram Burgula and Sri Ram Burgula ( ombudsmen ) will take some more time to be on actual ground , this movement has certainly made corruption a major social issue in India .   Some of the popular leaders of such movements are Sunderlal Bahuguna , Medha Patkar , Baba Amte , Vandana Shiva , Vijaypal Baghel , etc. .

neg: Charan Das Mahant Charan Das Mahant ( born 13 December 1954 ) is an Indian politician . He is a member of the Indian Parliament , and works for Korba ( Lok Sabha constituency ) . He is the Ex . Union Minister of State for Agriculture and Food Processing .   Mahant was the only Congress Member of Parliament from Chhattisgarh during 15th Lok-Sabha term .  Mahant , an Indian politician , is a member of the Indian National Congress . He has been the MP from the Korba Lok Sabha constituency of the state of Chhattisgarh . He first won the Lok Sabha seat in 1998 and then was re-elected in 1999 and 2009 . He was the Minister of State for Agriculture and Food Processing industries . Dr. Mahant was also appointed as the Working President of the Chhattisgarh Pradesh Congress Committee .  Mahant is also a writer , having authored 3 books of fiction and non-fiction , all of which are centered on India and its history , culture , politics , society , and more .  Mahant firmly believes that real development of India is not possible until we uplift the tribal life . So , he prepares action plan and organizes State-level programs for the uplifting of tribal life ; encouraging and creating platform for folk art such as drama , dance and songs .

neg: History of Hinduism History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent , most of whom live in modern-day India , Nepal , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Afghanistan . Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali . Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India . It has thus been called the `` oldest living religion '' in the world . Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no single founder or source .   The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development , with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE . The subsequent period , between 800 BCE and 200 BCE , is `` a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions '' , and a formative period for Hinduism , Jainism and Buddhism . The Epic and Early Puranic period , from c. 200 BCE to 500 CE , saw the classical `` Golden Age '' of Hinduism ( ( c. 320-650 CE ) , which coincides with the Gupta Empire . In this period the six branches of Hindu philosophy evolved , namely Samkhya , Yoga , Nyaya , Vaisheshika , Mīmāṃsā , and Vedanta . Monotheistic sects like Shaivism and Vaishnavism developed during this same period through the Bhakti movement . The period from roughly 650 to 1100 CE forms the late Classical period or early Middle Ages , in which classical Puranic Hinduism is established , and Adi Shankara 's Advaita Vedanta , which incorporated Buddhist thought into Vedanta , marking a shift from realistic to idealistic thought .   Hinduism under both Hindu and Islamic rulers from c. 1200 to 1750 CE , saw the increasing prominence of the Bhakti movement , which remains influential today . The colonial period saw the emergence of various Hindu reform movements partly inspired by western movements , such as Unitarianism and Theosophy . The Partition of India in 1947 was along religious lines , with the Republic of India emerging with a Hindu majority . During the 20th century , due to the Indian diaspora , Hindu minorities have formed in all continents , with the largest communities in absolute numbers in the United States and the United Kingdom . In the Republic of India , Hindu nationalism has emerged as a strong political force since the 1980s , the Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Government of India from 1999 to 2004 , and its first state government in South India in 2006 , and also the Narendra Modi led Government from 2014 .

neg: Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna , officially known as Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games , is the highest sporting honour of the Republic of India . The award is named after Rajiv Gandhi , former Prime Minister of India who served the office from 1984 to 1989 . It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports . The recipient ( s ) is/are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and is honoured for their `` spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a period of four years '' at international level . , the award comprises a medallion , a certificate , and a cash prize of .   Instituted in 1991 -- 92 , the award was given for the performance by a sportsperson in a year . Based on the suggestions provided by 2014 award selection committee , the Ministry revised the criteria in February 2015 to consider the performance over a period of four years . The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April with not more than two sportspersons nominated for each sports discipline . A twelve-member committee evaluates the performances of a sportsperson at various International events like Olympic Games , Paralympic Games , Asian Games , and Commonwealth Games . The committee later submits their recommendations to the Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports for further approval .   The first recipient of the award was Chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand , who was honoured for the performance in the year 1991 -- 92 . In 2001 , sport shooter Abhinav Bindra , then aged 18 , became the youngest recipient of the award . Usually conferred upon only one sportsperson in a year , a few exceptions have been made ( 1993 -- 94 , 2002 , 2009 , 2012 , and 2016 ) when multiple recipients were awarded in a year . , there have been thirty-two recipients from fourteen sport disciplines : Athletics , Badminton , Billiards , Boxing , Chess , Cricket , Field hockey , Gymnastics , Shooting , Snooker , Tennis , Wrestling , Weightlifting , and Yacht racing . The most recent recipients of the award are the badminton player P. V. Sindhu , gymnast Dipa Karmakar , sports shooter Jitu Rai , and wrestler Sakshi Malik .

neg: Simla Accord (1914) The Simla Accord , or the Convention Between Great Britain , China , and Tibet , -LSB- in -RSB- Simla , was a treaty concerning the status of Tibet negotiated by representatives of the Republic of China , Tibet and the United Kingdom in Simla in 1913 and 1914 .   The Accord provided that Tibet would be divided into `` Outer Tibet '' and `` Inner Tibet '' . Outer Tibet , which roughly corresponded to Ü-Tsang and western Kham , would `` remain in the hands of the Tibetan Government at Lhasa under Chinese suzerainty , but China would not interfere in its administration . `` Inner Tibet '' , roughly , equivalent to Amdo and eastern Kham , would be under the jurisdiction of the Chinese government . The Accord with its annexes also defines the boundary between Tibet and China proper and between Tibet and British India ( the latter became known as the McMahon Line ) .   China rejected the Accord and their plenipotentiary , Ivan Chen , withdrew on 3 July 1914 . The British and Tibetan plenipotentiaries then attached a note denying China any privileges under the Accord and sealed it as a bilateral agreement the same day.This Accord was initialled and sealed by the British plenipotentiary , A. Henry McMahon , and sealed by the Tibetan plenipotentiary Lochen Shatra but not the Chinese plenipotentiary , Ivan Chen , as he had withdrawn from the Convention before the Accord was initialled and sealed . ( `` Convention Between Great Britain , China , and Tibet , Simla ( 1914 ) '' , Tibet Justice Center . Retrieved 20 March 2009 ) . The British records show that there are conditions for the Tibetan government to accept the new border in 1914 , the condition was that China must accept the Simla Convention , since the British was not able to get an aceptance form China , Tibetans considered the MacMahon line invalid .   McMahon 's work was initially rejected by the British government as incompatible with the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention . This convention was renounced in 1921 . The British began using the McMahon Line on Survey of India maps in 1937 , and the Simla Accord was published officially in 1938 .

neg: Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation The Indo -- Soviet Treaty of Peace , Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India and the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation . The treaty was a significant deviation from India 's previous position of non-alignment in the Cold War and in the prelude to the Bangladesh war , it was a key development in a situation of increasing Sino-American ties and American pressure . The treaty was later adopted to the Indo-Bangladesh Treaty of Friendship and cooperation in 1972 .

neg: Political history of Sri Aurobindo Aurobindo 's political career lasted only four years , from 1906 to 1910 . Though he had been active behind the scene surveying , organizing and supporting the nationalist cause , ever since his return to India , especially during his excursions to Bengal . This period of his activity from 1906-1910 saw a complete transformation of India 's political scene . Before Aurobindo began publishing his views , the Congress was an annual debating society whose rare victories had been instances of the empire taking a favourable view to its petitions . By the time Aurobindo left the field , the ideal of political independence had been firmly ingrained into the minds of people , and nineteen years later , it became the official raison d'être of the Congress .   This change was affected by the advent of the aggressive nationalist thought of Lokmanya Tilak who declared that swaraj was his birthright and Bipin Chandra Pal who demanded `` complete autonomy '' from Britain . However none went as far as Aurobindo in articulating the legitimacy and necessity of complete independence . He `` based his claim for freedom for India on the inherent right to freedom , not on any charge of misgovernment or oppression '' . He wrote :

neg: Brajkishore Prasad Brajkishore Prasad ( 1877 -- 1946 ) was a lawyer inspired by Mohandas Gandhi during the Indian Independence Movement .   Born in a prominent Kayastha family in Shrinagar , Prasad took his early education in Chhapra and Patna before moving to Presidency College in Calcutta , where he completed his legal training . In between he married to Phool Devi . He set up a legal practise in Darbhanga and had two sons Vishwa Nath and Shiv Nath Prasad , more commonly known as SN Prasad , and two daughters , Prabhavati Devi and Vidyawati . Prabhavati Devi was married to Jayaprakash Narayan and Vidyawati to Mrityunjaya Prasad , son of Rajendra Prasad .   He met with Mahatma Gandhi in 1915 and was immediately taken in by him . He decided to get involved full-time in the freedom struggle and gave up his legal practice . He was instrumental in Gandhi taking up the Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha , in which Gandhi handpicked Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha along with him to successfully lead the movement . Gandhi was so impressed by Prasad 's dedication that he set aside a full chapter on him in his autobiographical book , The Story of My Experiments with Truth , called `` The Gentle Bihari '' .   He remained at the forefront of the freedom struggle in Bihar , and his collaboration with several colleagues was instrumental in the setting up of the Bihar Vidyapeeth . For the last ten years of his life he was severely infirmed , and died in 1946 .

neg: Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu The Indian independence movement had a long history in the Tamil-speaking districts of the then Madras Presidency going back to the 18th century .   The first resistance to the British was offered by the legendary Puli Thevan in 1757 . Since then there had been rebellions by polygars such as the Marudu brothers , Veerapandiya Kattabomman , Oomathurai and Dheeran Chinnamalai and the sepoys of Vellore . Though there were no violent rebellions in the 19th century , still , there were continuous agitations by Indian independence activists such as Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty , John Bruce Norton , Eardley Norton , Sir T. Muthuswamy Iyer , P. Rangaiah Naidu , G. Subramania Iyer , Sir S. Subramania Iyer , C. Jambulingam Mudaliar , Salem Ramaswami Mudaliar , M. Veeraraghavachariar and C. Karunakara Menon . After a brief interlude of militancy in the early 1900s , independence activists from Tamil Nadu adopted the non-violent principles of Mahatma Gandhi . Some of the important Gandhian leaders of the region were C. Rajagopalachari , K. Kamaraj and S. Sathyamurthy .   Contemporaneous with the Indian nationalist movement , there were also pro-British political parties and movements , the most prominent being the Justice Party . Some important pro-British leaders were P. Theagaroya Chetty , V. S. Srinivasa Sastri , Raja of Panagal and E. V. Ramasami Naicker .

neg: Poona Sarvajanik Sabha Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded by Mahadev Govind Ranade .  Pune Sarvajanik Sabha , , was a sociopolitical organisation in British India which started with the aim of working as a mediating body between the government and people of India and to popularise the peasants legal rights . It started as an elected body of 95 members elected by 6000 persons on April 2 , 1870 . The organisation was a precursor to the Indian National Congress which started with its first session from Maharashtra itself . The Pune Sarvajanik Sabha provided many of the prominent leaders of national stature to the Indian freedom struggle including Bal Gangadhar Tilak .  It was formed in 1870 by S. H. Chiplunkar , Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi , Mahadev Govind Ranade , et al. .   The ruler of the Aundh State , Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi was the first President of the organisation . Many eminent personalities such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak , Gopal Hari Deshmukh , Maharshi Annasaheb Patwardhan , etc. served as the Presidents of the organisation .   In 2016 , Meera Pavagi was elected as the first woman President of the organisation .

neg: MSM/MMM The Militant Socialist Movement/Mauritian Militant Movement ( MSM/MMM ) is coalition party that formed the government of the Republic of Mauritius from September 2000 to July 2005 . The coalition has been reformed in April 2012 after an electoral agreement between the Militant Socialist Movement ( MSM ) and Mauritian Militant Movement ( MMM ) was made with Sir Anerood Jugnauth as leader . The agreements remain the same , 30 seats for the MMM and 30 seats for the MSM . It has also been conveyed that SAJ would be prime minister for 3 years and Paul Berenger would take over for the rest of the parliamentary term if the coalition wins the next general elections . It has also been agreed that Pravind Jugnauth who is leader of the MSM will not be in the Front Bench of the coalition in an eventual government of the MSM/MMM . This is because he has been provisionally charged with using office for gratification by the Independent Commission Against Corruption . He will therefore seat as a back-bencher until he is dismissed from all accusations .   The coalition which was firstly made in 2000 , was known as the `` Medpoint Deal '' and was formed by former Prime Minister and President Sir Anerood Jugnauth on 14 August 2000 . It was the most famous political alliance that Mauritian Politics ever had . It was the first time that the country was experience a social change , Paul Berenger would become Prime Minister out of this deal and would be the first-non Hindu to hold such powerful post .   The deal was to join the two leaders of the two parties . The MSM leader Sir Anerood Jugnauth & MMM leader Paul Berenger . As a misconception and with a battle for the leadership of the MSM after Sir Anerood retired , Pravind Jugnauth and Ashok Jugnauth both fought to become the party 's next leader.At the end Ashock moved out and formed his own party namely National Union ( UN ) and went forward with Paul Berenger and formed the new alliance MMM/UN . In July 2005 , the MSM/MMM coalition went together for general elections and became the opposition party , but in 2006 they ended the deal and MSM became alone party while MMM took hands with UN .   The MMM/MSM coalition won the local council elections held on December 9 , 2012 . They obtained a total of 53 councilors against 36 for the government party Mauritian Labour Party and one for the Mauritian Movement Social Democrats . They will therefore administer the cities namely Port-Louis , Quatre Bornes and Rose Hill while the only city administered by the government will be Vacoas-Phoenix . Please note that the city of Curepipe is under a deadlock with 7 councillors elected from the MMM/MSM coalition , 7 councillors elected under the banner of the Labour Party and 1 elected under the Mauritian Movement Social Democrats . The deadlock will therefore be handled as soon as negotiations are made and an agreement is obtained .

neg: German–Soviet Axis talks In October and November 1940 , German -- Soviet Axis talks occurred concerning the Soviet Union 's potential entry as a fourth Axis Power in World War II . The negotiations , which occurred during the era of the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact and the German-Soviet Commercial Agreement , included a two-day Berlin conference between Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov , Adolf Hitler and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop , followed by both countries trading written proposed agreements . After two days of negotiations from 12 to 14 November 1940 , Germany presented the Soviets with a draft written Axis pact agreement defining the world spheres of influence of the four proposed Axis powers ( Japan , Germany , Soviet Union , Italy ) . Hitler , Ribbentrop and Molotov tried to set German and Soviet spheres of influence ; Hitler encouraged Molotov to look south to Iran and eventually India while preserving German access to Finland 's resources , and to remove Soviet influence in the Balkans . Molotov remained firm , seeking to remove German troops from Finland and gain a warm water port in the Balkans . Soviet foreign policy calculations were predicated by the idea that the war would be a long - term struggle and therefore German claims that Britain would be defeated swiftly were treated with scepticism . In addition Stalin sought to remain influential in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia . These factors resulted in Molotov taking a firm line . According to a Columbia University academical source , on 25 November 1940 , the Soviets presented a Stalin-drafted written counterproposal where they would accept the four power pact , but it included Soviet rights to Bulgaria and a world sphere of influence centered on the area around modern Iraq and Iran . Germany did not respond , leaving the negotiations unresolved . Regarding the counterproposal , Hitler remarked to his top military chiefs that Stalin `` demands more and more '' , `` he 's a cold-blooded blackmailer '' and that `` a German victory has become unbearable for Russia '' so that `` she must be brought to her knees as soon as possible . '' Germany ended the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in June 1941 by invading the Soviet Union .


query: Shirley MacLaine starred in Ask Any Girl.

pos: Shirley MacLaine Shirley MacLaine ( born Shirley MacLean Beaty ; April 24 , 1934 ) is an American film , television and theater actress , singer , dancer , activist and author . An Academy Award winner , MacLaine received the 40th AFI Life Achievement Award from the American Film Institute in 2012 , and received the Kennedy Center Honors for her lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts in 2013 . She is known for her New Age beliefs , and has an interest in spirituality and reincarnation . She has written a series of autobiographical works that describe these beliefs , document her world travels , and describe her Hollywood career .   A six-time Academy Award nominee , MacLaine received a nomination for Best Documentary Feature for The Other Half of the Sky : A China Memoir ( 1975 ) , and Best Actress nominations for Some Came Running ( 1958 ) , The Apartment ( 1960 ) , Irma la Douce ( 1963 ) , and The Turning Point ( 1977 ) , before winning Best Actress for Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . She twice won the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress , for Ask Any Girl ( 1959 ) , and The Apartment ( 1960 ) ; and won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Special for the 1976 TV special , Gypsy In My Soul . She has also won five competitive Golden Globe Awards and received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award at the 1998 ceremony .

neg: Out on a Limb Out on a Limb may refer to :   Risk-taking  Out on a Limb ( book ) , 1983 autobiography by Shirley MacLaine

neg: China Girl (1942 film) China Girl is a 1942 drama film which follows the exploits of a newsreel photographer in China and Burma against the backdrop of World War II . The film was directed by Henry Hathaway , and stars Gene Tierney , George Montgomery , Lynn Bari and Victor McLaglen . It is also known as A Yank In China , Burma Road and Over The Burma Road .

neg: Shirley & Company Shirley & Company was an American disco group , consisting of Shirley Goodman ( 1936 -- 2005 ) , Jason Alvarez ( now a pastor ) , Walter Morris , Bernadette Randle , Seldon Powell , Jonathan Williams and Clarence Oliver .   They topped the U.S. Dance chart in 1975 with `` Shame , Shame , Shame '' ( U.S. Pop # 12 ) , and did extremely well in Europe : the song reached # 6 in the UK Singles Chart and # 1 in Austria , Belgium , Germany and the Netherlands . The follow-up , `` Cry Cry Cry , '' made it to # 91 on the Hot 100 later that year .

neg: The Dark at the Top of the Stairs (film) The Dark at the Top of the Stairs is a 1960 American drama film . Academy Award winner Delbert Mann directed the work of Robert Preston and Dorothy McGuire in the production . Shirley Knight garnered an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress , and Lee Kinsolving was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as Best Supporting Actor . Knight was also nominated for two Golden Globes . Mann 's direction was nominated for a Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing in a Feature Film . It was based on the Tony Award nominated play of the same by William Inge .

neg: Shirley Burkovich Shirley Burkovich -LSB- ״ Hustle ״ -RSB- ( born February 4 , 1933 ) is a former infielder , outfielder and pitcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . Listed at , 150 lb. , she batted and threw right-handed .   Born in Swissvale , Shirley Burkovich was one of forty players from Pennsylvania who made the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League clubs ; these included stars as Jaynne Bittner , Ann Cindric , Jean Faut , Jean Geissinger , Jean Marlowe , Marguerite Pearson , Ruth Richard , Sarah Jane Sands , Fern Shollenberger and Jane Stoll , among others . She was nicknamed ״ Hustle ״ for her boundless intensity on the field , as she filled in at every position except catcher during her three seasons in the league .   Growing up in the Pittsburgh area , Burkovich started playing sandlot ball with the boys of her neighborhood when she was a little girl , but never played organized softball . Though she attended three different high schools , Burkovich played basketball and field hockey in all of them , and also played in the Westinghouse Girls Basketball League .   At age 16 , she was signed a contract by the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League after attending a tryout in Pittsburgh . Because she was still in high school , she needed permission from her parents and the school district to leave school in March for spring training .   Burkovich played for the Chicago Colleens , Springfield Sallies and Rockford Peaches from 1949 to 1951 , collecting a .229 batting average and a .325 on-base percentage in 37 games . She also made three relief appearances and did not have a decision .   After baseball , Burkovich went to work for Pacific Bell Telephone for 30 years and retired in 1983 . She also has been an active collaborator in different projects of the AAGPBL Players Association since its foundation in 1982 . The association helped to bring the league story to the public eye and was largely responsible for the opening of Women in Baseball , a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum , which was unveiled in 1988 to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League rather than any individual personality .   Burkovich showed off her acting skills as well by playing the role of Alice ″ Skeeter ″ Gaspers in the 1992 film A League of Their Own , which was a fictionalized account of activities in the AAGPBL . This film , directed by Penny Marshall , brought many of the real AAGPBL former players began to earn a rebirth of celebrity .   Shirley Burkovich currently lives in Cathedral City , California , while still working as a member of the AAGPBL Players Association Board of Directors .

neg: The Poor Little Rich Girl The Poor Little Rich Girl is a 1917 American comedy-drama film directed by Maurice Tourneur . Adapted by Frances Marion from the 1913 play by Eleanor Gates . The Broadway play actually starred future screen actress Viola Dana . The film stars Mary Pickford , Madlaine Traverse , Charles Wellesley , Gladys Fairbanks ( returning from the play ) and Frank McGlynn , Sr. .   The film was shot in Fort Lee , New Jersey when early film studios in America 's first motion picture industry were based there at the beginning of the 20th century . In 1991 , The Poor Little Rich Girl was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry .

neg: Look in Any Window Look in Any Window is a 1961 black-and-white film starring Paul Anka , Gigi Perreau , and , in his film debut , Jack Cassidy . The film was directed by William Alland and released by Allied Artists .

neg: The Egg and I (film) The Egg and I is a 1947 American romantic comedy film directed by Chester Erskine , who co-wrote the screenplay with Fred F. Finklehoffe , based on the book of the same name by Betty MacDonald and starring Claudette Colbert and Fred MacMurray , with Marjorie Main and Percy Kilbride as Ma and Pa Kettle .   The box office success of The Egg and I influenced the production of Universal-International 's Ma and Pa Kettle franchise , which consists of nine feature films most of which star Main and Kilbride together . On May 5 , 1947 , Colbert and MacMurray reprised their roles in a radio version of the film that was broadcast on the Lux Radio Theatre .   At the 20th Academy Awards , Main was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role .

neg: Does Anybody Miss Me Does Anybody Miss Me is a 1969 album by Shirley Bassey .  In 1969 Bassey moved her home to Lugano , Switzerland , with her second husband Sergio Novak , whom she had married in Las Vegas in August 1968 . Remaining as a tax exile prevented her from performing and recording in the UK . In this period she continued to perform and record in Italy and the US . This album was recorded in the US and produced by the American producer Dave Pell , with arrangements by Artie Butler . The tracks on this album are a selection of standards and show tunes . The title track Does Anybody Miss Me was issued as a single in the UK , backed with the non album track Fa Fa Fa , but this failed to make any impression on the chart . Does Anybody Miss Me has remained part of her live show and was recorded as the opening track of the album Live At Talk Of The Town in 1970 . This album saw Bassey re-record her 1958 UK # 1 hit single As I Love You which she had previously released on the Philips label .   Also issued in the US as Does Anybody Miss Me there the album did not include the re-recording of As I Love You and Think Of Me .  The original album was issued in mono and stereo . The stereo version of this album has been released on CD twice , firstly , in the late 1990s , on the EMI 2-CD set Shirley Bassey The Collection and a digitally re-mastered release for CD in 2009 together with This Is My Life by BGO Records .

neg: Ask Me (TV series) Ask Me is a 1 minute children 's television series that aired on Treehouse TV in Canada and Qubo in the United States . The series is about several kids who answer questions each episode .

neg: Captain January (novel) Captain January is an 1891 children 's novel , written by Laura E. Richards , and later transformed into two films , the 1924 silent film Captain January , starring Baby Peggy and the 1936 musical film Captain January , starring Shirley Temple . The story is about a lighthouse keeper and his little girl , Star .

neg: Shirley Hemphill Shirley Ann Hemphill ( July 1 , 1947 -- December 10 , 1999 ) was an American stand-up comedian and actress .   A native of Asheville , North Carolina , Hemphill moved to Los Angeles in the 1970s to pursue a career as a stand-up comedian . After working the Los Angeles comedy club circuit , her routine eventually attracted attention leading to her being cast in guest starring roles on television . In 1976 , she landed the role of wisecracking waitress Shirley Wilson on the sitcom What 's Happening !! . The series was a modest hit for ABC , but production and cast problems caused ABC to cancel the series in 1979 . The following year , Hemphill was cast in her own sitcom , One in a Million . The series failed to attract an audience and was canceled in June 1980 .   In 1985 , Hemphill reprised the role as Shirley Wilson in the syndicated revival of What 's Happening !! titled What 's Happening Now !! . Like its predecessor , What 's Happening Now !! aired for three seasons . After the show 's cancellation , Hemphill returned to stand-up comedy and also made occasional appearances in films and television .   In December 1999 , Hemphill died of renal failure at her West Covina , California , home at the age of 52 .

neg: Shirley Bonne Shirley Bonne ( born May 22 , 1934 ) is a former television actress who portrayed Eileen Sherwood in the CBS television sitcom My Sister Eileen , which aired during the 1960-1961 season . Bonne played an aspiring actress in New York City sharing an apartment with her older sister , Ruth Sherwood , a magazine writer played by Elaine Stritch . Her series co-stars included Raymond Bailey , Rose Marie , Stubby Kaye , and Jack Weston .   In 1955 , Bonne entered a cover girl contest for Pageant magazine and was twice chosen for the cover of the publication . In February 1956 , she appeared on Jackie Cooper 's NBC sitcom , The People 's Choice . By the late 1950s , Bonne was modeling in New York City . In 1960 , she appeared at Hal Roach Studios to promote the unveiling of Chevrolet 's new Corvair .   In 1962 , Bonne and Ronald Herbert Freemond had a daughter , Jayne . In October 1973 , she divorced Freemond ; ten years later , she married Ronald Dean Gilbreath ( born 1939 ) in San Francisco .   After My Sister Eileen , Bonne appeared as Susan Hotchkiss in the 1964 episode `` Sparrow on the Wire '' of the NBC education drama Mr. Novak , starring James Franciscus . In 1966 , she was cast as `` Ruth '' in the episode `` Shore Leave '' of the NBC series Star Trek . In 1967 , she appeared as Sally Cutler in the episode `` Justice '' on NBC 's Bonanza . That same year , she appeared in two sitcoms , That Girl and I Dream of Jeannie . In 1968 , she appeared as Nikki Jason in the episode `` To Kill a Writer '' on the CBS detective series Mannix , starring Mike Connors . Her last television role was as `` June '' in `` The Adversaries '' episode of Medical Center .

neg: Ione Skye Ione Skye Lee ( -LSB- aɪˈoʊni -RSB- née Ione Skye Leitch , September 4 , 1970 ) is a British-American actress who starred the 1989 movie Say Anything ... . In 2006 , VH1 placed her at number 84 on its `` 100 Greatest Teen Stars '' list .

neg: Working Girl (TV series) Working Girl is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from April to July 1990 . Loosely based on the 1988 film of the same name starring Melanie Griffith , the series stars Sandra Bullock as Tess McGill ( Melanie Griffith 's character in the film ) , in a role that was initially meant for Nancy McKeon .

neg: Shirley Jones (R&B singer) Shirley Jones is an American R&B singer . She was a member of The Jones Girls before starting a solo career .   Jones began singing gospel as a child with her sisters , Brenda and Valorie , and her mother Mary Frazier Jones . Shirley and her sisters eventually began singing secular music as The Jones Girls , and in 1976 became background singers for Diana Ross . In 1979 , they signed with Philadelphia International Records , and enjoyed a string of hit singles in the first half of the 1980s .   After the group disbanded in 1984 , Jones was offered a solo contract with Philadelphia International , and released a hit single , `` Do You Get Enough Love '' . A full-length album followed . Soon after the success of the single , Jones married Harlem Globetrotters player Harold Hubbard . One more full-length album followed in 1994 .

neg: Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life .   The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy .   Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .

neg: Carmen Munroe Carmen Munroe OBE ( born 12 November 1932 ) is a British actress who was born in Berbice , Guyana ( then British Guiana ) , and has been a resident of the UK since the early 1950s . Munroe made her West End stage debut in 1962 and has played an instrumental role in the development of black British theatre and representation on small screen . She has had high-profile roles on stage and television , perhaps best known from the British TV sitcom Desmond 's as Shirley , wife of the eponymous barber played by Norman Beaton .

neg: If My Friends Could See Me Now `` If My Friends Could See Me Now '' , with music by Cy Coleman and lyrics by Dorothy Fields , is a song from the 1966 Broadway musical Sweet Charity . In the musical the character of Charity , played in the original New York cast by Gwen Verdon , reflects on her marvellous luck as she spends time with Vittorio . In the 1969 film adaptation of Sweet Charity , `` If My Friends Could See Me Now '' is performed by Shirley MacLaine .

neg: Linda Henry Linda Valiris , known professionally by her maiden name , Linda Henry ( born 1 January 1963 ) is an English actress , known for her roles as Yvonne Atkins in the ITV television drama Bad Girls ( 1999 -- 2003 ) and Shirley Carter in the BBC soap opera EastEnders , a role she has played since 2006 . She had previously appeared in EastEnders as the original Lorraine Salter , the mother of Mandy Salter ( Nicola Stapleton ) from 1991 to 1992 . Her other TV credits include Cracker ( 1995 ) , Prime Suspect ( 1997 ) and Trial & Retribution ( 1998 ) . She has also appeared in the films Beautiful Thing ( 1996 ) and The Business ( 2005 ) .


query: Shahid Kapoor made his film debut in 2003.

pos: Shahid Kapoor Shahid Kapoor ( -LSB- ʃaːɦɪd̪ kəˈpuːr -RSB- ; born 25 February 1981 ) , also known as Shahid Khattar , is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films . The son of actors Pankaj Kapur and Neelima Azeem , Kapoor was born in New Delhi . His parents separated when he was three , and he continued living with his mother . They moved to Mumbai when he was 10 , where he joined Shiamak Davar 's dance academy . Kapoor appeared as a background dancer in a few films of the 1990s , and was later featured in music videos and television commercials .   Kapoor made his film debut in 2003 with a leading role in the romantic comedy Ishq Vishk , a sleeper hit for which he won a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut . He followed it with roles in several commercial failures before starring in Sooraj Barjatya 's top-grossing family drama Vivah ( 2006 ) . Kapoor earned nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for portraying a troubled businessman in Imtiaz Ali 's romantic comedy Jab We Met ( 2007 ) and twin brothers in Vishal Bhardwaj 's caper thriller Kaminey ( 2009 ) . After appearing in another series of box office flops , he starred in the action film R. . . Rajkumar ( 2013 ) his highest-grossing release . In 2014 , Kapoor portrayed the Hamlet character in Bhardwaj 's acclaimed drama Haider , for which he won the Best Actor award at Filmfare . Two years later , he played a drug abusing singer in the crime drama Udta Punjab , which won him the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor .   Cited in the media as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities , Kapoor maintains his popularity despite a fluctuating career trajectory . Initially recognised for portraying romantic roles , Kapoor has since taken on parts in action films and thrillers . He is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . In addition to acting , Kapoor supports charities , hosts award ceremonies , and has featured as a talent judge on the dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Reloaded ( 2015 ) . Following a romantic relationship with the actress Kareena Kapoor , he married Mira Rajput , a student from New Delhi , with whom he has a daughter .

neg: Beti No.1 | music = Viju Shah  | cinematography = Dr. Prasad Babu  | editing = Tony Glaad  | distributor = S K Enterprise Haslingden LTD  | released =  | runtime =  | budget =  | gross =  | country = India  | language = Hindi  -RCB- -RCB-  Beti No. 1 ( Daughter No. 1 ) is a 2000 Bollywood comedy-drama film , written by Santosh Saroj and directed by Rama Rao Tatineni . It was released on 13 October 2000 . The film is a remake of Malayalam film Aadyathe Kanmani .   The film features Govinda , Rambha , Aruna Irani and Johnny Lever in pivotal roles , while Prem Chopra , Ashok Saraf , Laxmikant Berde and Rakesh Bedi appear in supporting roles . well known villain Prem Chopra played a rare positive role in this film .

neg: Hrithik Roshan filmography Hrithik Roshan is an Indian actor known for his work in Bollywood films . As a child , he made uncredited appearances in three films directed by his maternal grandfather , J. Om Prakash , the first of which was in Aasha ( 1980 ) . In 1986 , Roshan played the adopted son of Rajinikanth 's character in Prakash 's crime drama Bhagwaan Dada . Roshan subsequently worked as an assistant director on four films , including Khudgarz ( 1987 ) and Karan Arjun ( 1995 ) , all of which were directed by his father , Rakesh .   Roshan 's first leading role came opposite Ameesha Patel in Kaho Naa ... Pyaar Hai ( 2000 ) , a highly successful romantic drama directed by his father , for which he won two Filmfare AwardsBest Male Debut and Best Actor . In 2001 , Roshan played a supporting role in Karan Johar 's lucrative ensemble melodrama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham ... . This initial success was followed by roles in a series of critical and commercial failures , including Aap Mujhe Achche Lagne Lage ( 2002 ) and Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon ( 2003 ) , leading critics to believe that Roshan 's career was over . However , his career prospects improved in 2003 when he played the role of a mentally disabled teenager in his father 's science fiction film Koi ... Mil Gaya . The film emerged as the highest-grossing Bollywood film of that year and earned Roshan the Best Actor -- Critics and the Best Actor awards at Filmfare . His next release , the war drama Lakshya ( 2004 ) , performed poorly at the box office despite earning positive reviews .   In 2006 , Roshan starred in two top-grossing productions of the year . He portrayed the eponymous superhero in Krrish , a sequel to Koi ... Mil Gaya , and won a Best Actor award at Filmfare for playing a thief in the adventure film Dhoom 2 . Two years later , he gained a fourth Best Actor award at Filmfare for playing the Mughal emperor Akbar in Ashutosh Gowariker 's period romance Jodhaa Akbar ( 2008 ) . Roshan starred in two commercially unsuccessful films of 2010Kites and Guzaarishbut earned praise for portraying a quadriplegic magician in the latter . In 2011 , he featured as a talent judge for the television dance reality show Just Dance . Roshan also played one of the three leads alongside Farhan Akhtar and Abhay Deol in the Zoya Akhtar-directed comedy-drama Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara ( 2011 ) , following which he played Vijay Deenanath Chauhan in Agneepath ( 2012 ) , a remake of the 1990 film of the same name . In 2013 , Roshan starred in the third installment of the Krrish franchise , and the following year , he starred in Bang Bang ! , a remake of the 2010 Hollywood film Knight and Day . Agneepath , Krrish 3 , and Bang Bang ! rank among Indian cinema 's biggest earners .

neg: Miss 420 Miss 420 is a Bollywood romance thriller film directed by Akashdeep Sabir . The film stars the first Indian rapper Baba Sehgal who made his acting debut with this film . Sheeba Akashdeep , Shakti Kapoor , Aashif Sheikh and Tinnu Anand acted in supporting roles . The soundtrack of the movie was released in the year 1994 . The songs of the movie were extremely popular . However , the movie took a long time in making and was released after four years .

neg: Larki Punjaban Larki Punjaban ( Urdu : , ( lit Punjabi Girl ) is a 2003 Pakistani film directed by Syed Noor and starring Babar Ali , Saima , and Shamyl Khan .

neg: Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema .   In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe .   The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt .   The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity .   The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .

neg: Kismat Konnection Kismat Konnection ( Fate Connection ) is an Indian film directed by Aziz Mirza who previously directed films including Yes Boss ( 1997 ) , Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani ( 2000 ) and Chalte Chalte ( 2003 ) . The film stars Shahid Kapoor and Vidya Balan in the lead roles with Juhi Chawla in a guest appearance . Shah Rukh Khan is the narrator . Produced by Ramesh S Taurani under the banner of Tips Industries , Kismat Konnection was released on 18 July 2008 . The Film was declared a `` Semi-Hit '' at the box office .

neg: Sanjay Kapoor Sanjay Kapoor is a Bollywood actor and producer .

neg: Hasti Hasti ( Hindi : हस्ती ) is a 1993 Bollywood film directed by Ashok Gaekwad and produced by Sandeep D. Shinde . It stars Jackie Shroff , Naseeruddin Shah , Nagma and Varsha Usgaonkar in pivotal roles .

neg: Dastan (1950 film) Dastan or Dastaan is a 1950 Bollywood drama film directed by Abdul Rashid Kardar . A box-office success , the film became the third highest earning film of 1950 , earning an approximate gross of Rs . 1,15,00,000 and net gross of Rs . 65,00,000 . The film starred Raj Kapoor , Suraiya , Veena , Suresh , Al Nasir , Murad , and Shakila .   The story , a tragic melodrama , was a narrative in flashback . It was inspired from the film Enchantment ( 1948 ) directed by Irving Reis . Cited as `` one of the biggest commercial hits '' by Patel , Suraiya 's acting was stated to have `` over-shadowed '' that of Raj Kapoor .

neg: Oka Raju Oka Rani Oka Raju Oka Rani ( English : One King , one Queen ) is a 2003 Telugu language romantic movie produced by Ramoji Rao under Ushakiran Movies banner . The film features Ravi Teja and Namitha in the lead roles . Music has been composed by Chakri . The movie released on 19 June 2003 and was a hit at the box office . Yogi a debutante has directed the movie . Lyrics are penned by Trivikram Srinivas .

neg: Kaadhal Kondein Kaadhal Kondein ( also spelled as Kadhal Konden ; I fell in love ) is a 2003 Indian Tamil romantic thriller film written and directed by Selvaraghavan , starring his brother Dhanush and newcomer Sonia Agarwal in lead roles , whilst newcomers Sudeep Sarangi , Nagesh and Daniel Balaji play supporting roles . The film , which has music scored by noted musician Yuvan Shankar Raja and cinematography handled by Arvind Krishna , released on 4 July 2003 , winning critical acclaim and becoming a commercial success upon release , and is considered as the breakthrough film of Dhanush that catapulted him into the main foray of lead actors in the Tamil film industry .   Jyothika was considered for the role done by Sonia Agarwal initially.film was later remade in Telugu in 2004 , as Nenu with Allari Naresh and Veda replacing Dhanush and Sonia Agarwal , respectively . It has also been remade in Kannada in 2009 , as Ravana with Yogeesh Hunsoor and Sanchita Padukone in the lead , and in Bengali in 2010 , as Amanush starring Soham Chakraborty and Srabanti Malakar . The film was also remade in Bangladesh in 2004 as Onno Manush directed by Kazi Hayat starting Kazi Maruf , Shabnur and Shakil Khan .   The story explores the mind of a youth who is mentally and physically abused in his childhood . The lack of a mother 's love haunts the protagonist throughout the film as the girl of his infatuation is killed . Becoming a psychopath , he desperately tries to woo his newly found lady love and his efforts culminate in a superb nail-biting cliffhanger .

neg: Shaan Shahid Armaghan Shahid ( born 27 April 1971 ) , better known by his stage name Shaan Shahid , or Shaan is a Pakistani actor , writer , model , and film director . With his career spanning more than two decades with over 500 films , Shaan has established himself as one of the most popular leading actors of Pakistan . Shaan started his acting career in 1990 by making debut in Javed Fazli 's film Bulandi opposite to Reema Khan . He has won many awards in Pakistan including one Pride of Performance , four National Film Awards , fifteen Nigar Awards , five Lux Style Awards , one Pakistan Media Award , ARY Film Award .

neg: Sabuj Saathi Sabuj Saathi is a 2003 Bengali film directed by Swapan Saha and produced by Debendra Kuchar . The film features actors Prosenjit Chatterjee and Rachana Banerjee in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Ashok Bhadra .

neg: Shart (1986 film) Shart is a 1986 Bollywood crime thriller directed by Ketan Anand . The film stars Naseeruddin Shah , Shabana Azmi , Kanwaljit Singh , Sarika and Tom Alter .

neg: List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies .   Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan .   In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor .   Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .

neg: Saeed Kangarani Saeed Kangarani ( سعید کنگرانی , born October 3 , 1954 in Tehran , Iran ) is an Iranian actor .   He was a young actor during the pre-revolutionary Iranian cinema and did n't appear on the screens after the Iranian revolution until 2006 with the film , Marriage , Iranian Style .

neg: Rajat Kapoor Rajat Kapoor is an Indian actor , writer and director born in 1961 .  Kapoor was born in Delhi , India . As a teenager he would watch films with his family and decided to become a filmmaker at the age of 14 . He mainly focused on acting at first . In 1983 he joined the theatre group Chingari in Delhi , later moving to Pune to attend the Film and Television Institute of India ( FTII ) .

neg: Trishakti Trishakti is a 1999 Indian Bollywood film directed by Madhur Bhandarkar . It stars Arshad Warsi , Sharad Kapoor , Milind Gunaji and Radhika in pivotal roles .

neg: Siddharth Gupta Siddharth Gupta is an Indian film actor . He made his Bollywood debut with Ekta Kapoor and Bejoy Nambiar 's joint venture Kuku Mathur Ki Jhand Ho Gayi directed by national award winning ad-filmmaker Aman Sachdeva .

neg: List of accolades received by Haider (film) Haider is a 2014 Indian crime-drama film directed by Vishal Bhardwaj , and produced by Bhardwaj and Siddharth Roy Kapur . The film stars Shahid Kapoor as the eponymous protagonist , and co-stars Tabu , Kay Kay Menon , Shraddha Kapoor , and Irrfan Khan . Bhardwaj wrote the dialogues for the film , and co-wrote the screenplay with Basharat Peer . Bhardwaj also composed the music and Gulzar wrote the lyrics . The film is a modern-day adaptation of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet , and tells the story of Haider who searches for his missing father during the Kashmir conflict of 1995 .   Produced on a budget of , Haider was released on 2 October 2014 , and grossed worldwide . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its direction , performances of Shahid Kapoor and Tabu , music and production design . As of June 2015 , the film has won 36 awards .   At the 62nd National Film Awards , Haider earned five awards , more than any other film at the ceremony , including Best Music Direction and Best Screenplay ( Dialogues ) ( both Bhardwaj ) . Haider also won five awards at the 60th Filmfare Awards ceremony , including Best Actor ( Shahid Kapoor ) , Best Supporting Actor ( Menon ) , and Best Supporting Actress ( Tabu ) . It also received nominations for Best Film and Best Director at the ceremony . At the 2015 Screen Awards , Haider received nominations for Best Film and Best Director , and won five awards , including Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress . Haider also won nine awards at the 16th ceremony of the International Indian Film Academy Awards , including Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress .