query: David Schwimmer did the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the opening scene of Madagascar.

pos: David Schwimmer David Lawrence Schwimmer ( born November 2 , 1966 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He was born in Flushing , Queens , New York , and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2 . He began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School . In 1988 , he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech . After graduation , Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company . For much of the late 1980s , he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling , unemployed actor .   He starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles , including on L.A. Law , The Wonder Years , NYPD Blue , and Monty , in the early 1990s . Schwimmer later gained worldwide recognition for playing Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends , for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995 . His first leading film role was in The Pallbearer ( 1996 ) , followed by roles in Kissing a Fool ( 1998 ) , Six Days , Seven Nights ( 1998 ) , Apt Pupil , and Picking Up the Pieces ( 2000 ) . He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) as Herbert Sobel .   After the series finale of Friends in 2004 , Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood . Other film roles include the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the computer-animated Madagascar film franchise , the dark comedy Big Nothing ( 2006 ) , and the thriller Nothing But the Truth ( 2008 ) . Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in Some Girl ( s ) in 2005 . In 2006 , he made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . Schwimmer made his feature film directorial debut with the 2007 comedy Run Fatboy Run . The following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in the 2008 production , Fault Lines .   In 2016 , he starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in American Crime Story , for which he received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie .

neg: Moramanga Moramanga is a city ( commune urbaine ) in Madagascar .   Between the capital city Antananarivo and the east coast . The name Mora-manga literally means `` easy to beautify '' . The city of Moramanga has an important place in the history of Madagascar . It was in Moramanga , on the night of the 29th of March 1947 that the Malagasy Uprising against French colonial rule started . Moramanga is also the capital city of the Bezanozano people ( one of the eighteen Ethnic groups of Madagascar ) .   Moramanga is in the Alaotra-Mangoro region .

neg: Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution .   The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score .   The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .

neg: Barsoomian language Barsoomian is the constructed language of the fictional Barsoomians , the sapient humanoid inhabitants of Mars in the Barsoom series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was developed from Burroughs ' examples and descriptions by Paul Frommer for the 2012 film John Carter of Mars ; Frommer also created the Na ' vi language for Avatar .   Spoken Barsoomian has mostly lexical words , with the equivalent of grammatical words such as prepositions and pronouns conveyed telepathically . There are few inflections , and word order is fixed to verb -- subject -- object . Possession is indicated by juxtaposing the object with the possessor , as in Malay . There is a word that makes direct object definite , as in Hebrew . The vocabulary is relatively simple , with little poetic language .   Some inflection is found in the pronouns . For the object , the initial consonant is suffixed : tu `` I '' , tut `` me '' ; ki `` he '' , kik `` him '' . To form the plural , the consonants are voiced : du `` we '' , dud `` us '' , gi `` they '' .   The effect of the language is staccato . There are ten vowels , five long and five short , transcribed short a e i o u and long aa ey ee oa oo ; diphthongs are ao ( as in how ) and ay ( as in high ) . Consonants are similar to English ( b d j g , p t -LSB- linktʃtj -RSB- k , v z , f -LSB- linkθth -RSB- s h , r l , m n , w y ) , with the addition of the velar fricatives ch -LSB- blinkx -RSB- and gh -LSB- blinkɣ -RSB- . Consonants , both voiced and unvoiced , may also be long or short .   In the books it is mentioned that Barsoomian is the only language spoken on the entire planet of Barsoom . Therefore , there never are any language barriers between different people from Barsoom , no matter what country or city on the planet they originate from . Written versions of Barsoomian however can differ greatly between different cities .

neg: Ross Geller Ross Geller , Ph.D. , is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom Friends , portrayed by David Schwimmer . Ross is considered by many to be the most intelligent member of the group and is noted for his goofy , pathetic but lovable demeanor . He is a compulsive liar to avoid arguments or situations with conflict , often leading to an arcing storyline within a show . His relationship with Rachel Green was included in TV Guides list of the best TV couples of all time , as well as Entertainment Weeklys `` 30 Best ` Will They/Won ' t They ? ' TV Couples '' .

neg: Merina people The Merina people , also known as the Imerina , Antimerina or Hova , are the largest ethnic group in Madagascar . They are the `` highlander '' Malagasy ethnic group of the African island , and one of the country 's eighteen official ethnic groups . Their origins are mixed , predominantly with Malayo-Indonesians arriving before the 5th century AD , then many centuries later by Arabs , Africans and other ethnic groups . They speak the Merina language , and one of their dialects is the official Malagasy language of Madagascar .   The Merina people are most commonly found in the center of the island ( former Antananarivo Province ) . Beginning in the late 18th century , Merina sovereigns expanded the political region under their control from their interior capital , outwards into the island , with their king Radama I ultimately helping unite the island under their rule . The French fought two wars with the Merina people in 1883-1885 and in 1895 , colonized Madagascar in 1895 -- 96 , and abolished the Merina monarchy in 1897 .   They built innovative and elaborate irrigation infrastructure and highly productive rice farms in high plateaus of Madagascar by the 18th century . The Merina people were socially stratified with hierarchical castes , inherited occupations and endogamy , as well as one where two of the major and long serving monarchs of the Merina people were queens .

neg: Ring-tailed lemur The ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta ) is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long , black and white ringed tail . It belongs to Lemuridae , one of five lemur families , and is the only member of the Lemur genus . Like all lemurs it is endemic to the island of Madagascar . Known locally in Malagasy as maky ( -LSB- makʲ -RSB- , spelled maki in French ) or hira , it inhabits gallery forests to spiny scrub in the southern regions of the island . It is omnivorous and the most terrestrial of extant lemurs . The animal is diurnal , being active exclusively in daylight hours .   The ring-tailed lemur is highly social , living in groups of up to 30 individuals . It is also female dominant , a trait common among lemurs . To keep warm and reaffirm social bonds , groups will huddle together . The ring-tailed lemur will also sunbathe , sitting upright facing its underside , with its thinner white fur towards the sun . Like other lemurs , this species relies strongly on its sense of smell and marks its territory with scent glands . The males perform a unique scent marking behavior called spur marking and will participate in stink fights by impregnating their tail with their scent and wafting it at opponents .   As one of the most vocal primates , the ring-tailed lemur uses numerous vocalizations including group cohesion and alarm calls . Experiments have shown that the ring-tailed lemur , despite the lack of a large brain ( relative to simiiform primates ) , can organize sequences , understand basic arithmetic operations and preferentially select tools based on functional qualities .   Despite reproducing readily in captivity and being the most populous lemur in zoos worldwide , numbering more than 2,000 individuals , the ring-tailed lemur is listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List due to habitat destruction and hunting for bush meat and the exotic pet trade . At present ( as of early 2017 ) , the population in the wild is believed to have crashed as low as 2,000 individuals due to habitat loss , poaching and hunting , making them far more critically endangered .

neg: Sanguma This article is about the band . For the tradition of herbal medicines , see herbal medicine , or black magic .   Sanguma was a Papua New Guinean musical ensemble active from 1977 to 1985 . They combined music from the cultural tradition of Papua New Guinea with Western instruments and were one of the first Papua New Guinean music groups to perform internationally . Sanguma formed at the National Arts School in 1977 and performed in their homeland at the South Pacific Festival of Arts in 1980 . Sanguma were nurtured very closely in their early days by the Australian musician Ric Halstead , who was a lecturer at the National Arts School in Port Moresby from whence Sanguma originated .   Sanguma produced three albums in cassette format ; the two eponymously titled Sanguma 1 and Sanguma 2 in the late 1970s and in 1983 , ` Sanguma Suites ' , an adventurous excursion into progressive/traditional/rock / jazz/fusion composed by band members Tony Subam ( East Sepik Province ) and Sebastian Miyoni ( Milne Bay Province ) and ostensibly by these two musicians rather than the band Sanguma , but as the band featured heavily on the album it was in all but name a Sanguma album .  The first two albums were somewhat better received than was Sanguma Suites as they were closer to the traditional music of Papua New Guinea . The last album utilised modern amplified instrumentation to supplement the traditional flutes , drums and vocal sequences .  Sanguma supported UK reggae band Steel Pulse on a tour of the USA West Coast in 1983 , receiving favourable reviews and attracting interest in Papua New Guinea 's traditions and indirectly promoting the nascent tourist industry .   Hearing the Future : The Music and Magic of the Sanguma Band , by Denis Crowdy , was published in January 2016 by University of Hawai'i Press in their series on Music and Performing Arts of Asia and the Pacific . A brief description of the book is as follows :   `` During the turbulent decades of the 1970s and 1980s , Papua New Guinea gained political independence from a colonial hold that had lasted almost a century . It was an exciting time for a diverse group of pioneering musicians who formed a band they named `` Sanguma . '' These Melanesian artists heard an imagined future and performed it during a socially and politically critical time for the region . They were united under one goal : to create a sound that represented the birth of a new , sovereign , and distinctly Melanesian nation ; and to express their values , identities , and cosmology through their music and performance . Sanguma 's experimental music sounded the complex expectations and pressures of their modern nation and helped to steer its postcolonial journey through music .   In Hearing the Future , Australian ethnomusicologist Denis Crowdy documents and analyzes the music and activities of the Sanguma band , arguing that their music was a vital form of cultural expression in sync with sociopolitical change then taking place in PNG . Drawing from rock , jazz , and nascent `` world music '' influences , Sanguma reached audiences far from their home nation , introducing the world to modern music , Melanesia-style , with its fusion of old and new , local and global . Performances ranged from ensembles of Melanesian log drums ( garamuts ) to extended songs and improvisations involving electric guitars , synthesizers , saxophone , trumpet , bamboo percussion , panpipes , and kuakumba flutes . The band sang in a variety of local vernacular languages , as well as in Tok Pisin and English . To further emphasize their ancestral style , the musicians wore decorative headdresses and body decoration from all around the nation , along with distinctive pants featuring indigenous designs . ''

neg: Matthew Sunderland Matthew `` Matt '' Sunderland ( born c. 1972 ) is a New Zealand Actor , Writer and Director . He performed the lead role of David Gray in the feature film Out of the Blue , based on the events of the Aramoana Massacre . At the New Zealand Screen Awards in 2008 he won Best Actor Award for this role .   Sunderland also stars as Uncle Rory in Cannes Winner Daniel Borgmans debut Feature The Weight of Elephants Produced by Zentropa films and Severe Features .   Sunderland was also nominated for a Best Actor Award in the 2006 NZ Screen Awards for Natures Way , which screened In Competition at the Cannes Film Festival in 2006 .   His other feature film roles include A Song of Good , Christmas , Stringer , Woodenhead Existence and The Devil 's Rock as well as more than twenty short films .   Matthew made his directorial/screenwriting debut with the short film Tuffy which deals with estrangement between a father and son , in small town New Zealand .   Sunderland graduated from The New Zealand Drama School Toi Whakaari in 1997 and has concentrated on New Zealand film work with numerous theatre excursions also . He has appeared at the Silo Theatre ( Fool for Love , Blasted ) , and the Herald Theatre ( Trainspotting ) in Auckland , and the Court Theatre in Christchurch ( Peninsula ) .   In 2013 Matt played in the stage adaption of Kate Grenville 's Booker Prize -- winning The Secret River with the Sydney Theatre Company , to 5 star reviews , which toured throughout Australia .   Sunderland appeared in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as White Dragon , in a storyline concluding the 3 year Kieran Mitchell story arc .   In 2016 , Sunderland played the role of a drunken man resisting alien abduction in the music video for Bergschrund by DJ Shadow & Nils Frahm .

neg: Walkman Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape players in the late 1970s . In the 2010s , it was used to market Sony 's portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones . The original Walkman actually introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry recorded music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones . Owners of the Walkman were able to take back their `` lost '' time , commuting for example , and turn it into a pleasurable experience , or add a soundtrack to their urban surroundings . It was the privatization and personalization offered by the Walkman that led to its success . The Walkman has gained popularity in recent years because in the 2014 film `` Guardians Of The Galaxy '' and it 's 2017 predecessor `` Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol . 2 , '' the main character uses a Walkman and cassette to listen to his music .   The prototype was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka . Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans-Pacific plane trips , and presented the idea to Kihara . The original idea for a portable stereo is credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel . The first Walkman was marketed in 1979 in Japan , using the name Walkman . From 1980 , it was known as the Soundabout in many other countries including the US , Freestyle in Sweden , and the Stowaway in the UK . Advertising , despite all the foreign languages , still attracted thousands of buyers in the US specifically . Sony President and co-founder Akio Morita hated the name `` Walkman '' and asked that it be changed , but relented after being told by junior executives that a promotion campaign had already begun using the brand name and that it would be too expensive to change .   The names `` Walkman '' , `` Pressman '' , `` Watchman '' , `` Scoopman '' , `` Discman '' , and `` Talkman '' are trademarks of Sony , and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company . The name `` Walkman '' was based on its precursor , the Pressman tape recorder . An initial prototype of the Walkman was in fact made by replacing the monophonic recording circuit , head and speaker from the Pressman with a stereo playback-only head and amplifier . Sony continues to use the `` Walkman '' brand name for most of their portable audio devices , after the `` Discman '' name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s .

neg: David Soren (animator) David Soren ( born April 19 , 1973 ) is a Canadian director , writer , voice actor , and storyboard artist at DreamWorks Animation . His most notable work are TV specials based on the Madagascar film franchise , Merry Madagascar , and Madly Madagascar . He directed the 2013 animated feature film Turbo , which is based on his own original concept .

neg: The Last Unicorn (film) The Last Unicorn is a 1982 animated fantasy film directed and produced by Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass . It was produced by Rankin/Bass Productions for ITC Entertainment and animated by Topcraft . Based on the novel The Last Unicorn written by Peter S. Beagle , who also wrote the film 's screenplay , the film is about a unicorn who , upon learning that she is the last of her species in the world , goes on a quest to find out what has happened to the others of her kind .   The film includes the voices of Alan Arkin , Jeff Bridges , Mia Farrow , Angela Lansbury , and Christopher Lee . The musical score and the songs were composed and arranged by Jimmy Webb , and performed by the group America and the London Symphony Orchestra , with additional vocals provided by Lucy Mitchell . The film earned $ 2,250,000 on its opening weekend and grossed $ 6,455,330 domestically .

neg: Frosty the Snowman (film) Frosty the Snowman is a 1969 animated Christmas television special based on the song `` Frosty the Snowman '' . The program , which first aired on December 7 , 1969 on CBS ( where it still airs to this day ) , was produced for television by Rankin/Bass Productions and featured the voices of comedians Jimmy Durante as the film 's narrator ( Durante 's final performance in a film ) and Jackie Vernon as the title character .   Arthur Rankin , Jr. and Jules Bass wanted to give the show and its characters the look of a Christmas card , so Paul Coker , Jr. , a greeting card and Mad magazine artist , was hired to do the character and background drawings . The animation was produced by Mushi Production in Japan , with then-Mushi staffer Osamu Dezaki among the animation staff .   Rankin/Bass veteran writer Romeo Muller adapted and expanded the story for television as he had done with Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer .   TV Guide ranked the special number 4 on its 10 Best Family Holiday Specials list .

neg: Going Ape Going Ape is a British Television docu-soap program that is aired on the Animal Planet .   The television series first aired on Tuesday 21 November 2006 at the weekly time of 21:00 running a total of thirteen episodes . The series is now in re-runs and has an irregular running format .   It follows the story of 50 Chimpanzees , 26 Gorillas , seven Baboons and four Mandrills who have been orphaned by the bush meat trade in Cameroon showing the vital work of the Mefou National Park and the Limbe Wildlife Centre along with Ape Action Africa ( formerly the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund ) and `` In Defence of Animals - Africa '' , two charities that are dedicated to saving the primates in the region . Its narrator was Charlotte Uhlenbrook

neg: Marc Schubring Marc Schubring ( born 13 April 1968 in Berlin ) is a German composer .   Marc Schubring was born in Berlin , studied composition with Theo Brandmüller at the University of the Saarland , was Head of Theatrical Music at the Saarland State Theatre , Saarbrücken from 1994 to 1999 and is a member of the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theatre Workshop , New York and the Dramatists Guild of America .   He has been associated with the author Wolfgang Adenberg since 1990 in a productive collaboration which has given birth to two of the most frequently produced German-language musicals : Fletsch -- Saturday Bite Fever ( 1993 , book : Holger Hauer ) and Emil und die Detektive , which was premiered at the Theater am Potsdamer Platz in Berlin in 2001 . The partnership also created Cyrano de Bergerac ( 1995 , revised 2009 ) , Moulin Rouge Story ( 2008 ) , Der Mann , der Sherlock Holmes war ( 2009 ) , Tell ( 2012 , book : Hans Dieter Schreeb ) and Zum Sterben schön ( 2013 ) . Most recently , the latest Schubring-Adenberg musical , '' Pünktchen und Anton `` after Erich Kästner , was given its first performance at the Junges Theater Bonn in September 2014 .   In 2000 Marc Schubring wrote the chamber opera nimmerlandmensch based on texts by Birger Sellin , and in 2003 he adapted the music of Das Feuerwerk by Paul Burkhard for the Burgtheater in Vienna , for which he also created the arrangements . For the Friedrichstadt-Palast in Berlin , he produced compositions for the review Rhythmus Berlin ( 2003 ) and the score for the children 's review Der Zauberer von Camelot ( 2007 , book/lyrics : Lutz Hübner ) . He wrote additional songs for the musical Friedrich -- Mythos und Tragödie ( 2012 ) and for Kolpings Traum ( 2013 ) . For the Koblenz Theatre , he created the music for the family musicals Das Dschungelbuch ( 2012 ) and Jim Knopf ( 2013 ) . The Hanau Brothers Grimm Festival commissioned him to write the musical Aschenputtel ( 2014 ) .   In addition , Marc Schubring regularly writes film music for feature films and documentaries for television stations such as ZDF , KiKa , WDR and arte . In 2015 he wrote musicals such as `` Gefährliche Liebschaften ( Dangerous Liaisons ) `` for the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz , Munich , Der gestiefelte Kater ( Puss in Boots ) for Hanau and Double Trouble based on Kästner 's Das doppelte Lottchen for Washington , D.C.

neg: David Sant David Sant is a Spanish English director , writer , actor and voice actor . He was born in Catalonia , Spain . He is best known for the role of Cartoon Head from series two of the British television show Ideal and is also known for playing the title role and the other male characters in the season 5 -- 6 revival of Pingu , replacing Carlo Bonomi . He has directed many television series including Jonathan Creek , Benidorm and Stella .   He has also appeared the theatrical roles , including Mindbender , presented by the theater company Peepolykus , and All in the Timing by David Ives , also presented by Peepolykus .

neg: Michael Schur Michael Herbert `` Mike '' Schur ( born October 29 , 1975 ) is an American television producer and writer , best known for his work on the NBC comedy series The Office and Parks and Recreation , the latter of which he co-created along with Greg Daniels . He also co-created the FOX comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine , and created the NBC comedy series The Good Place . Schur is also known for his small role on The Office as Mose Schrute , the cousin of Dwight Schrute .

neg: Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage .   Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .

neg: Scummy Man Scummy Man is a short film , written and directed by Paul Fraser and produced by Mark Herbert and Diarmid Scrimshaw , based on the song `` When the Sun Goes Down '' by the Arctic Monkeys , and released on DVD on 10 April 2006 by Domino Records . The film , like the song , focuses on prostitution in Sheffield , and uses the same actors as the music video to document a night in the life of the fictional ` Nina ' , a 15-year-old drug addict who works as a prostitute in the Neepsend district .   The film stars Lauren Socha as ` Nina ' and Stephen Graham as George , known by the nickname of ` Scummy Man ' , a violent and manipulative ` customer ' of ` Nina 's , who attacks and intimidates both ` Nina ' and those who try to help her escape prostitution , such as a magician who offers her a job as his assistant in his act . The magician becomes a victim of the Scummy Man 's behaviour but is not without his own flaws , as the film-maker begs if anyone is really inherently good .   In order to achieve a documentary feel for the footage , the film was shot in 16 mm film by Danny Cohen . The DVD includes an extra film titled Just Another Day , which is more hopeful and upbeat in tone , and focuses on how every day events , such as being offered a lift by a taxicab driver , present opportunity and hope for her future . Just Another Day depicts the same chain of events , but from the perspective of the taxi driver who brings the Scummy Man to Nina , who takes pity on her as she reminds him of his own daughter who died young and would have been the same age as Nina were she still alive .   The name of the film comes from a line in `` When the Sun Goes Down '' , describing the `` customer '' of the girl featured in the song ,   The film won an award for `` Best Music DVD '' at the 2007 NME Awards on 1 March 2007 .   The only band member to appear in the film is Matt Helders . He is offered oral sex by Nina at the beginning of the film , but turns it down , saying he is going to band practice . Besides this , Helders and Alex Turner are seen carrying musical equipment through a gate in the credits of Just Another Day , but they do not feature in the film itself .

neg: First Born (TV series) First Born is a British television serial produced by the BBC in 1988 .   Charles Dance starred as genetic researcher Edward Forester , whose work leads him to create a man-gorilla hybrid , using sperm from an unknown sperm donor and cells taken from a female gorilla . He then raises the baby as his own son , only to find that there are horrifying consequences for playing God .   Vasco Sabino played the adolescent hybrid , Gor , in episode 3 . Other notable cast members included Jamie Foster , Julie Peasgood , Gabrielle Anwar , Philip Madoc , Sharon Duce and Roshan Seth .   A portion of filming took place in and around the North Wiltshire area , with the Foresters family home scenes having been filmed on location in Calne . Woodland scenes from Episode 2 were primarily filmed on location at Savernake Forest near Marlborough , but were subsequently mixed with footage filmed on location in Switzerland . Longleat Safari Park was also used in filming as the setting for the kidnap scenes at the end of Episode 2 .   The three-part serial was written by Ted Whitehead ( adapted from the novel Gor Saga by Maureen Duffy ) , produced by Sally Head and directed by Philip Saville . The theme tune was composed by Hans Zimmer .   2entertain Ltd released the serial on Region 2 DVD in the UK on 17 July 2006 .

neg: Schlager (film) Schlager , or The Hit , is an Israeli comic musical film of 1979 . The script and lyrics writer and film director was Assi Dayan , the music was written by Svika Pick , and the stars were HaGashash HaHiver ( the Trackers ) trio . Comparing to other projects of Dayan , Pick , or the Trackers , this film did not sell well and did not take central place in the Israeli culture . However , one of its songs , `` Shir Ha ` frecha '' ( `` The Bimbo Song '' ) , performed by Ofra Haza , became Haza 's signature song .


query: Australia was originally settled through a colony.

pos: Australia Australia ( -LSB- əˈstreɪliə -RSB- , -LSB- ɒ - -RSB- , -LSB- - ljə -RSB- ) , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . It is the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea , Indonesia and East Timor to the north ; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east ; and New Zealand to the south-east . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest urban area is Sydney .   For about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century , Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians ,  who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups . After the European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and several territories . The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard .   Australia has the world 's 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income ( IMF ) . With the second-highest human development index globally , the country ranks highly in quality of life , health , education , economic freedom , and civil liberties and political rights . Australia is a member of the United Nations , G20 , Commonwealth of Nations , ANZUS , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , World Trade Organization , Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , and the Pacific Islands Forum .

neg: Classical music in Australia The earliest western musical influences in Australia can be traced to two distinct sources : in the first settlements , the large body of convicts , soldiers and sailors who brought the traditional folk music of England , Wales , Scotland and Ireland ; and the first free settlers , some of whom had been exposed to the European classical music tradition in their upbringing . Very little music has survived from this early period , although there are samples of music originating from Hobart and Sydney that date back to the early 19th century .

neg: Conservation in Australia Conservation in Australia is an issue of state and federal policy . Australia is one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world , with a large portion of species endemic to Australia . Preserving this wealth of biodiversity is important for future generations .   Animal habitats like reefs and forests must be preserved in order to preserve population and diversity of animal species . Conservation is vital for future study and for field research to be taken , and because biological richness is an unmeasurable aesthetic that may be developed into commercial recreational attractions .   According to Janine Benyus , the potential for advances in biomimicry in Australia are great because the extreme weather and conditions found here provide an excellent evolutionary incubator . Research on natural processes can only occur if habitat is preserved and organisms continue to thrive .   Federal and State governments manage protected areas and national parks ; a number of non-governmental organizations are also involved in conservation .

neg: Convict women in Australia Convict women in Australia were British prisoners whom the government increasingly sent out during the era of transportation ( 1787-1868 ) in order to develop the penal outpost of New South Wales ( now a state of Australia ) into a viable colony .   These women faced extreme difficulty in achieving freedom , solvency and respectability . They would be employed in ` factories ' ( equivalent of the English workhouse ) but often had to find their own accommodation , and would be under great pressure to pay for it with sexual services . In this way , all the women convicts tended to be regarded as prostitutes . But it is a popular misconception that they had originally been convicted of prostitution , as this was not a transportable offence .

neg: Pilbara The Pilbara ( -LSB- ˈpɪlbərʌ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈpɪlbrʌ -RSB- ) is a large , dry , thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia . It is known for its Aboriginal peoples ; its ancient landscapes ; the red earth ; its vast mineral deposits , in particular iron ore ; and as a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna . It is one of nine regions of the Regional Development Commissions Act 1993 , and is also a bioregion under the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia ( IBRA ) .   The region has an estimated population of 48,610 . The Pilbara covers an area of 502,000 km2 , which includes some of Earth 's oldest rock formations . It includes landscapes of coastal plains and mountain ranges with cliffs and gorges . The major settlements of the region are Port Hedland , Karratha and Newman . The three main ports in this region are Port Hedland , Dampier and Port Walcott .   The area is known for its petroleum , natural gas and iron ore deposits , which contribute significantly to Australia 's economy . Other than mining , pastoral activities as well as fishing and tourism are the main industries .

neg: Journals of the First Fleet EngvarB | date = January 2014 )   There are 20 known contemporary accounts of the First Fleet made by people sailing in the Fleet , including journals ( both manuscript and published ) and letters . The eleven ships of the Fleet , carrying over 1,000 convicts , soldiers and seamen , left England on 13 May 1787 and arrived in Botany Bay between 18 and 20 January 1788 before relocating to Port Jackson to establish the first European settlement in Australia , a penal colony which became Sydney . At least 12 people on the Fleet kept a journal of their experiences , some of which were later published , while others wrote letters home during the voyage or soon after their arrival in Australia . These personal accounts of the voyage were made by people including surgeons , officers , soldiers , ordinary seamen , and Captain Arthur Phillip , who commanded the expedition . Only one known account , that of James Martin , was by a transported convict . Their journals document the day to day experiences of those in the Fleet , and record significant events including the first contact between the European settlers and the Aboriginal people of the area . In 2009 , the manuscript journals were included in The Australian Memory of the World Register , a regional register associated with the UNESCO international Memory of the World programme .

neg: Monarchy of Australia The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nation 's sovereign . Australia is governed under a form of constitutional monarchy , largely modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government , while incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia .   The present monarch is Elizabeth II , styled Queen of Australia , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . She is represented in Australia by the Governor-General , in accordance with the Australian Constitution and letters patent from the Queen . In each of the states , the monarch is represented by a governor , appointed directly by the Queen on the advice of each of her respective state governments .   The Australian monarch , besides reigning in Australia , separately serves as monarch for each of 15 other Commonwealth nations known as realms . This developed from the former colonial relationship between these countries and the United Kingdom , but they are now independent of each other and are legally distinct .

neg: Flora Australiensis Flora Australiensis : a description of the plants of the Australian Territory , more commonly referred to as Flora Australiensis , and also known by its standard abbreviation Fl . Austral. , is a seven-volume flora of Australia published between 1863 and 1878 by George Bentham , with the assistance of Ferdinand von Mueller . It was one of the famous Kew series of colonial floras , and the first flora of any large continental area that had ever been finished . In total the flora included descriptions of 8125 species .   Bentham prepared the flora from Kew ; with Mueller , the first plant taxonomist residing permanently in Australia , loaning the entire collection of the National Herbarium of Victoria to Bentham over the course of several years . Mueller had been dissuaded from preparing a flora from Australia while in Australia by Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker since historic collections of Australian species were all held in European herbaria which Mueller could not access from Australia . Mueller did eventually produce his own flora of Australia , the Systematic Census of Australian Plants published in 1882 extended the work of Bentham with the addition of new species and taxonomic revisions .   Flora Australiensis was the standard reference work on the Australian flora for more than a century . As late as 1988 , James Willis wrote that `` Flora Australiensis still remains the only definitive work on the vascular vegetation of the whole continent . '' According to Nancy Burbidge , `` it represents a prodigious intellectual effort never equalled . ''   Flora Australiensis is credited with forming the basis of subsequently published regional floras ; 19th century floras were published for all states except Western Australia , they were for the most part extracts of this work .

neg: Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components .   The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' .   Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement .   When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations .  In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .

neg: Land council Land councils , also known as land and sea councils , are Australian community organisations , generally organised by region , that are commonly formed to represent the Indigenous Australians who occupied their particular region before the arrival of European settlers . They have historically advocated for recognition of traditional land rights , and also for the rights of Indigenous people in other areas such as equal wages and adequate housing . Some states , such as the Northern Territory , have laws that provide for the existence of land councils and allocate them responsibilities for representing Aboriginal people in various matters . Other states do not have such laws , or have laws that provide for the existence of Aboriginal organisations that do not call themselves land councils to provide functions similar to those provided by land councils in some states . An example of this is in Victoria , where there are laws providing for organisations called ` Registered Aboriginal Parties ' , which provide functions in relation to Aboriginal people similar to those provided by land councils in , say , the Northern Territory .   Most land councils provide representation and organisation in relation to native title matters for Indigenous Australians , and receive funding from the Australian Commonwealth Government to do this work . However , Commonwealth native title laws do not require such representation and organisation to be provided by land councils , and there are many other sorts of organisations that also provide these sorts of services .   Most land councils were formed since the late 1970s to gain native title and other forms of Aboriginal land rights .   Some land councils can be governed by other , larger councils , which federate multiple local land councils for representation at the state and federal level .

neg: Colony of Natal The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa . It was proclaimed a British colony on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia , and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa , as one of its provinces . It is now the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa .   It was originally only about half the size of the present province , with the north-eastern boundaries being formed by the Tugela and Buffalo rivers beyond which lay the independent Kingdom of Zululand ( KwaZulu in Zulu ) .   Fierce conflict with the Zulu population led to the evacuation of Durban , and eventually the Boers accepted British annexation in 1844 under military pressure . A British governor was appointed to the region and many settlers emigrated from Europe and the Cape Colony . The British established a sugar cane industry in the 1860s . Farm owners had a difficult time attracting Zulu labourers to work on their plantations , so the British brought thousands of indentured labourers from India . As a result of the importation of Indian labourers , Durban became the home to the largest concentration of Indians outside of India .

neg: Racial violence in Australia Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement , and a level of intertribal rivalry and violence among Indigenous Australians pre-dates the arrival of white settlers from Britain in 1788 .   During the period of British colonisation , various incidents of inter-racial tension and competition for land and resources between Europeans and Indigenous peoples involved violence , becoming a factor in the decline of indigenous populations during the 19th century . Incidents of racial violence between settler communities followed the large scale multi-ethnic immigration of the Australian goldrushes of the mid-19th century - notably white miners targeting Chinese miners - which contributed to the development of the White Australia Policy which preferenced British and `` white '' immigration to Australia for some decades . The policy resulted in a largely racially homogenous population by the mid-20th century .   Australia 's large scale , Post-World War Two , multi-ethnic immigration program has seen Australia develop into one of the most ethnically diverse nations , with relatively little racial violence , and in which incitement to racial violence is a crime . Nevertheless , incidents and examples of violence between the various ethnicities of modern Australia have continued to be attributed to racial motivations up to the present time .

neg: Civil disturbances in Western Australia This is a list of civil disturbances in Western Australia . Some of the civil disturbances in this list are considered to be race riots , prison riots , and religious conflicts -- often Protestant versus Catholic groups .   The earliest civil disturbances were actions by the local indigenous population dealing with European settlers .   Demonstrations and Protests are linked to a range of issues over time .   In the convict era , there were collective actions by convicts . Organised labour had to deal with issues on the Goldfields in the 1890s and 1900s with demonstrations and protest actions , while in Perth these occurred in the 1960s and 1970s over war and race issues .   There are some incidents in the 19th century where the causes are less clear . A restricted press and limited means of some groups to gain avenues to express their grievances in a dominated society , means that some disturbances were suppressed literally and disguised in the public record .   In some cases some smaller disturbances ( alcohol-related fights ) in the Goldfields ( Kalgoorlie , Boulder and Coolgardie for instance ) would not be considered full-scale riots , but nonetheless the charges found either in newspaper or police records would suggest a significance beyond a simple incidence of drunken behaviour .

neg: 1894 Colonial Conference The Colonial Conference of 1894 was called by the government of Canada to continue discussion begun at the First Colonial Conference in 1887 on a proposal to lay a telegraph cable at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean to create a communications link between Canada and Australasia and , by extension , to the rest of the British Empire as part of what became referred to as the All Red Line network of cables throughout the Empire .   The opening ceremonies were in the Senate Chamber in the Centre Block of the Canadian parliament buildings but day-to-day meetings occurred in the offices of the Minister of Trade and Commerce .   The Earl of Jersey attended the conference as the representative of the British government and was instructed to listen and report back but not to make any commitments on behalf of the government .   All self-governing British colonies were invited to send delegates with the exception of Newfoundland Colony . Western Australia and Natal Colony did not send representatives due to domestic priorities . The colony of Fiji was also invited due to its geographical location on the proposed route of the cable but declined . Delegates were sent to the conference by Canada , New Zealand , the Australian self-governing colonies of New South Wales , Queensland , South Australia , Tasmania and Victoria and the South African colony of Cape Colony . Unlike other colonial conference , the colonial delegates were cabinet ministers or legislators or government representatives rather than Prime Ministers .   Resolutions were proposed to the conference and it was agreed that decisions would be made on the basis of `` one colony , one vote '' but the resolutions were not binding on the British government or the Colonial Office .   In addition to discussing telecommunications issues , the conference also approved a resolution favouring preferential trade within the Empire , however , this resolution was opposed by Australia 's largest colonies , New South Wales and Queensland , who were suspicious the Canadian initiative seemed designed to undermine Australia 's protective tariffs . The proposal would be made again to the 1897 Colonial Conference but was not agreed to and would not be acted upon until the British Empire Economic Conference in 1932 .

neg: Mount Pleasant, Victoria Mount Pleasant is the oldest residential suburb of Ballarat , Victoria , Australia . It is located on the southern extremity of the city between the Yarrowee Creek and the White Horse Range . Physically it is largely cut off from the rest of Ballarat which contributes to a sense of a suburb apart . The traditional Wathaurung country was first invaded in 1836 when the Yuille brothers established a sheep run that included the sheltered corner under the escarpment later named Mount Pleasant . In those days , before there was a town at Ballarat , Buninyong was the nearest township . When the gold rush of 1851 brought thousands of diggers to nearby Golden Point , Mount Pleasant was left alone as no gold was initially found there . Its peacefulness made it attractive to a number of Cornish miners and their families who had come to Australia to settle permanently . These Wesleyans were the founders of the community . As devout and sober church people they sought a place to live away from the drunken mayhem of the diggings around Main Road .   The converging lines of the main streets that lead into Mount Pleasant from the north ( Barkly , Humffray and Bond streets ) follow the original tracks that connected it to the Main Road commercial area in the 1850s .   In December 1854 , on the gentle slope above the creek , the Cornish families set up their tents and established a school , a memorial to which can be found near the reserve . This quiet life was rudely disrupted in late 1856 when gold was found and for a few years Mount Pleasant itself suffered all the disturbances of a rush . The newer housing development beyond Elsworth Street is where much of the surface mining took place . There were several hotels near where the sewerage pipe now runs , When the alluvial gold ran out , the community settled down and its Methodist character reasserted itself . By the end of the century all the hotels had been closed . From the 1870s a string of Chinese market gardens were established along the creek . Humffray Street and even Morton Street were busy with shops . A very active community developed with sporting teams and cultural activities .   The tent school soon became a well-attended denominational school next to the church . When the colonial government introduced free , compulsory and secular education , the Methodist school closed and in 1874 all 500 pupils marched to the new State School in Cobden Street , the first to be built in Ballarat .   Until the 1970s Mount Pleasant was a largely self-contained community . It was the end of the line . From 1926 until 1972 an electric tram terminated at Bartles Corner ( the corner of Barkly and Cobden streets ) , where there were two general stores , a post office , a butcher , a cake shop and a shoe repairer . Everyone shopped locally .   With the closure of the church and the everyday shops , it is mainly the primary school , which traces its origins back to the beginning of Mount Pleasant as a suburb , which continues as a communal centre .   The suburb is bordered by the Yarrowee River to the west , Gladstone Street to the north , Magpie and Britain Street to the east and Ballarat Goldfields to the south . While Mount Pleasant is organized primarily on a grid plan , the converging lines of some streets indicate their origins as tracks before the streets were made . Th housing stock is solid but modest , with many Victorian era Single-family detached homes on larger than average blocks . There is some new industrial activity along Humffray Street below the reserve , where once there were several tanneries and a string of Chinese market gardens . The newer housing estate to the south of Elsworth Street is on the site of the alluvial gold rush of the late 1850s and traces of mining can still be seen .   At the , Mount Pleasant had a population of 2,122 .   A single bus service , the Buninyong ( Route 11 ) connects Mount Pleasant to the city .

neg: Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ; formerly , `` The Territory for the Seat of Government '' and , later , the `` Federal Capital Territory '' ) is the federal district in the south east of Australia , enclaved within New South Wales . Its only city is Canberra , the capital city of Australia .   Geographically , the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east , the watershed of Naas Creek in the south , the watershed of the Cotter River in the west , and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east . The ACT also has a small strip of territory around the southern end of the Beecroft Peninsula , which is the northern headland of Jervis Bay .   The need for a national territory was flagged by colonial delegates during the Federation conventions of the late 19th century . Section 125 of the Australian Constitution provided that , following Federation in 1901 , land would be ceded freely to the new Federal Government . The territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by the state of New South Wales in 1911 , two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913 . The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo .   The economic activity of the Australian Capital Territory is heavily concentrated around Canberra . A stable housing market , steady employment and rapid population growth in the 21st century have led to economic prosperity and in 2011 CommSec ranked the ACT as the second best performing economic region in the country . This trend continued into 2016 , when the territory was ranked the third best performing out of all of Australia 's states and territories . There is a higher proportion of young adults in the region compared with other Australian states or territories . Approximately one-fifth of ACT residents were born outside of Australia , mainly in the United Kingdom . Almost one-fifth speak a language other than English at home , the most common being Chinese .

neg: Colony of New South Wales The colony of New South Wales was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901 , when it became a State in the federal Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901 . At its greatest extent , the colony of New South Wales included the present-day Australian states of New South Wales , Queensland , Victoria , Tasmania , and South Australia , as well as New Zealand . The first `` responsible '' self-government of New South Wales was formed on 6 June 1856 with Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson appointed by Governor Sir William Denison as its first Colonial Secretary which in those days accounted also as the Premier .

neg: Commonwealth realm A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state that is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and shares the same person , currently Elizabeth II , as its head of state and reigning constitutional monarch , but retains a crown legally distinct from the other realms . As of 2017 , there are 16 Commonwealth realms : Antigua and Barbuda , Australia , Barbados , Belize , Canada , Grenada , Jamaica , New Zealand , Papua New Guinea , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Solomon Islands , The Bahamas , Tuvalu and the United Kingdom .   The Statute of Westminster 1931 provided for the then Dominions -- named therein as Canada , Australia , New Zealand , the Union of South Africa , the Irish Free State , and Newfoundland -- to have full or nearly full legislative independence as equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations , having , together with the United Kingdom , one person as the sovereign of each . Subsequently , India and Pakistan ( both in 1947 ) and Ceylon ( in 1948 ) became Dominions . By the early 1950s , in order to reflect the equality between the countries in that group , each ( including the United Kingdom , but not the former Irish Free State and India , which had by that time become republics ) came to be known as a realm . The word was formally used in Britain 's proclamation of Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and was adopted for the modern royal styles and titles under the legislation enacted by the individual countries . The principle was applied to other countries as they became Commonwealth realms , having sovereign status granted directly . The phrase Commonwealth realm , though used officially , is not a statutory term .

neg: Western Desert cultural bloc The Western Desert cultural bloc or just Western Desert is a cultural region in central Australia covering about 600,000 square kilometres , including the Gibson Desert , the Great Victoria Desert , the Great Sandy and Little Sandy Deserts in the Northern Territory , South Australia and Western Australia . The Western Desert cultural bloc can be said to stretch from the Nullarbor in the south to the Kimberley in the north , and from the Percival Lakes in the west through to the Pintupi lands in the Northern Territory .   The term is often used by anthropologists and linguists when discussing the 40 or so Aboriginal groups that live there , who speak dialects of one language , often called the Western Desert language .   Apart from the Canning Stock Route and the Rabbit-proof fence , white contact with this part of Australia was very rare , until the 1960s :   No one had been out there . The desert , as far as the Department -LSB- WA Dept of Suppy -RSB- was concerned ... was an unknown , as it was to the whole of Western Australia . The Warburton Ranges -LSB- were -RSB- as far as anybody got . People in those days knew absolutely nothing about Aborigines . ''

neg: History of Indigenous Australians The history of Aboriginal Australians is thought to have spanned 30,000 to 45,000 years , although some estimates have put the figure at up to 60,000 years before European settlement . The Aboriginal Australians lived with a strong dependence on the land , and also the water . Each group developed skills for the area in which they would live -- hunting or fishing or gathering .   In the early 1900s it was commonly believed that the Indigenous population of Australia was going to become extinct .

neg: European Australians European Australians , or White Australians , are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe and the Caucasus .   Since the early 19th century , people of European descent have formed the vast majority of the population in Australia . The majority of European Australians are of British Isles -- English , Irish , Scottish , Welsh or Cornish ( Anglo-Celtic ) -- ancestral origin . In 2010 , it was estimated that around 74 % of the Australian population were Anglo-Celtic Australians .   Other significant ancestries include Italian , German , Greek , Dutch , New Zealanders ( European New Zealanders ) , Polish , Maltese and Croatian . Today , Australians of British and other European ancestries are the dominant majority in Australia , estimated at 92 % of the total population .   Historically , European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society , which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European country .


query: Bob Dylan performs along with music.

pos: Bob Dylan Bob Dylan ( -LSB- ˈdɪlən -RSB- born Robert Allen Zimmerman ; May 24 , 1941 ) is an American poetic songwriter , singer , painter , writer , and Nobel prize laureate . He has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades . Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s , when his songs chronicled social unrest . Early songs such as `` Blowin ' in the Wind '' and `` The Times They Are a-Changin ' '' became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement . Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival , his six-minute single `` Like a Rolling Stone '' , recorded in 1965 , enlarged the range of popular music .   Dylan 's lyrics incorporate a wide range of political , social , philosophical , and literary influences . They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture . Initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie , Robert Johnson , and Hank Williams , Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres . His recording career , spanning more than 50 years , has explored the traditions in American song -- from folk , blues , and country to gospel , rock and roll , and rockabilly to English , Scottish , and Irish folk music , embracing even jazz and the Great American Songbook . Dylan performs with guitar , keyboards , and harmonica . Backed by a changing lineup of musicians , he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour . His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career , but his songwriting is considered his greatest contribution .   Since 1994 , Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings , and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries . As a musician , Dylan has sold more than 100 million records , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award . Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , Minnesota Music Hall of Fame , Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame , and Songwriters Hall of Fame . The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a special citation for `` his profound impact on popular music and American culture , marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power . '' In May 2012 , Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama . In 2016 , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature `` for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition '' .

neg: The Folk Singer `` The Folk Singer '' is a folk song , written by Charles E. Daniels and American musician Johnny Cash and first recorded by Cash in 1968 . It is also known as `` Folk Singer '' or , less often , `` The Singer '' .   Allegedly about American pop singer Tommy Roe , `` The Folk Singer '' was first recorded in 1968 and released as a b-side on a 45 RPM live reissue of Cash 's `` Folsom Prison Blues '' single in April 1968 . Later recorded by Burl Ives ( on the album , The Times They Are A-Changin ' ) the same year and Glen Campbell ( on the album , Try a Little Kindness ) in 1970 , the song reached a wider audience from these versions .

neg: As I Went Out One Morning `` As I Went Out One Morning '' is a song written by Bob Dylan , released on his 1967 album John Wesley Harding . He has only performed this song live once , in the early phase of the Bob Dylan and The Band 1974 Tour .   The lyrics to `` As I Went Out One Morning '' tell about a man who offers a hand to a woman in chains , but realizes that she wants more than he is offering , and that `` she meant to do -LSB- him -RSB- harm . '' A character identified as Tom Paine then appears , `` command -LSB- s -RSB- her to yield , '' and apologizes to the narrator for the woman 's actions . Tom Paine as a figure may represent common sense or civil liberties , which the historical Tom Paine championed . However , it is also likely that this song references the prestigious Tom Paine Award that Dylan received in 1963 from the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee . Dylan delivered an acceptance speech and was booed and rushed from the stage when he claimed to have empathy for some of Lee Harvey Oswald feelings . The song bears a resemblance to the W. H. Auden poem As I Walked Out One Evening , including sharing the same iambic meter and quatrain form .   Dylan 's use of harmonica on the song is distinctive . The flatted second ( as well as third , sixth , and seventh ) identifies the musical mode as Phrygian . Since the song is in F# minor ( played in D minor on a guitar with a capo at the fourth fret ) , Dylan must be playing a D harmonica . The usual modes for diatonic harmonica in minor keys are Aeolian and Dorian ( A or E harmonicas in the key of F# minor ) .

neg: Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) .   Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president .   Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially .   The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn .   In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 .   Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician .   The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years .   In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .

neg: I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' is a song by the Los Angeles folk rock band The Byrds that was first released in June 1965 on the B-side of the band 's second single , `` All I Really Want to Do '' . It was also included on The Byrds ' debut album , Mr. Tambourine Man . Written by Gene Clark , who also sings the lead vocal , `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' features some of The Byrds ' early musical trademarks , including Jim McGuinn 's jangling 12-string Rickenbacker guitar ; Clark 's pounding tambourine ; McGuinn , Clark and David Crosby 's complex harmony singing ; and a country-influenced guitar solo .   Although it was initially released as a B-side , `` I 'll Feel a Whole Lot Better '' was itself heavily promoted by Columbia Records during the time that `` All I Really Want to Do '' spent on the Billboard charts . As a result , the song actually managed to chart in its own right at number 103 . Since its release , the song has become a rock music standard , inspiring a number of cover versions over the years . It is also considered by many critics to be one of the band 's , as well as Clark 's , best and most popular songs , with Rolling Stone magazine ranking it at number 234 on their list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .

neg: Elvis Presley's guitars Elvis Presley 's guitars were a major component of the iconic rock and roll image created by Elvis Presley that revolutionized popular culture in the 1950s and 1960s . It is impossible to gauge the impact of that image on millions of young people around the world who were inspired to learn to play guitar after watching Presley in performance , on television , or in films . Although not known for his abilities as a guitarist , Presley had a profound musical influence on some of the most important rock and roll artists to emerge since the 1950s , including Buddy Holly , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , Bob Dylan , and Bruce Springsteen . The extent of Presley 's impact on their lives and music is captured in John Lennon 's famous quote : `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . ''   According to his first lead guitarist , Scotty Moore , Presley was not `` an accomplished musician '' , yet he possessed `` an uncanny and amazing sense of timing and rhythm . '' In the early years of his career , Presley 's rhythm guitar accompaniment played a major role in the sound of his early performances and recordings . Moore noted that as Presley began to learn to move on stage and to work the audience with his physical performance , his guitar became more of a `` prop '' .   Presley was not known to treat his instruments in a gentle manner . His very aggressive strumming style would frequently break strings during his performances . The lack of a microphone on his guitar throughout those years contributed to the development of his `` aggressive style in attempt to be heard '' . As his career progressed , he became even more aggressive toward his instruments , frequently tossing his guitar to Charlie Hodge , who sometimes failed to catch it . The impact of the large belt buckles and jewelry he wore left their marks on most of his instruments .

neg: He Was a Friend of Mine `` He Was a Friend of Mine '' is a traditional folk song in which the singer laments the death of a friend . The earliest known version of the song is titled `` Shorty George '' ( Roud 10055 ) and was first recorded by musicologist couple John A. and Ruby Terrill Lomax in 1939 at the Clemens State Farm in Brazoria County , Texas in a version performed by African-American inmate Smith Casey , who accompanied himself on guitar . Alan Lomax described the song as a `` blues '' that was `` a dirge for a dead comrade . ''   The song has since been recorded by many artists , including Bob Dylan , Dave Van Ronk , The Washington Squares , Bobby Bare , Mercury Rev , The Black Crowes , The Mitchell Trio , Willie Nelson , Nanci Griffith , Cat Power , The Leaves and , in a reworded version , The Byrds . The version recorded by Willie Nelson was used in the film Brokeback Mountain and inaccurately credits Bob Dylan as the songwriter . Dylan had arranged an early version of the tune in 1961 and his version can be heard on the compilation album The Bootleg Series Volumes 1 -- 3 ( Rare & Unreleased ) 1961 -- 1991 .

neg: Clarence Ashley Clarence `` Tom '' Ashley ( September 29 , 1895 -- June 2 , 1967 ) was an American musician and singer , who played the clawhammer banjo and the guitar . He began performing at medicine shows in the Southern Appalachian region as early as 1911 , and gained initial fame during the late 1920s as both a solo recording artist and as a member of various string bands . After his `` rediscovery '' during the folk revival of the 1960s , Ashley spent the last years of his life playing at folk music concerts , including appearances at Carnegie Hall in New York and at the Newport Folk Festival in Rhode Island .

neg: Never Ending Tour 2009 The Never Ending Tour is the popular name for Bob Dylan 's endless touring schedule since June 7 , 1988 .

neg: Shelter from the Storm `` Shelter from the Storm '' is a song by Bob Dylan , released on his 15th studio album , Blood on the Tracks , in 1975 .   Along with `` Tangled Up in Blue '' , `` Shelter from the Storm '' was one of two songs from Blood on the Tracks to be re-released on the 2000 compilation The Essential Bob Dylan . The song also appears on two live albums by Bob Dylan -- Hard Rain ( from a May 1976 performance ) and At Budokan ( recorded in February 1978 ) .   A first take of the song , from the same recording session that produced the album track , is featured in the soundtrack of the 1996 film Jerry Maguire . This outtake was also included on The Best of Bob Dylan , Vol . 1 ( 1997 ) .   Further appearances are in the Alias episode `` Trust Me '' , the Criminal Minds episode `` The Instincts '' , the FlashForward episode `` Believe '' , and the movies Warm Bodies , St. Vincent , and Steve Jobs . The Criminal Minds episode also includes several notations about Dylan , and the quote , `` I think the truly natural things are dreams , which nature ca n't touch with decay , '' is read by the fictional character Spencer Reid ( played by Matthew Gray Gubler ) . The song also appeared in the Numb3rs second season finale , `` Hot Shot , '' and in the third episode of the National Geographic Channel 's 2016 miniseries Mars .   The song has been covered by Manfred Mann 's Earth Band , released on their 1996 studio album Soft Vengeance . Jimmy Lafave recorded the song on his 1992 live record Austin Skyline . The song has also been covered by jazz singer Cassandra Wilson on Belly of the Sun .   Soul Flower Union as 嵐からの隠れ家 ( Arashi kara no Kakurega ) covered the song on their 2002 studio album Love ± Zero .   Rodney Crowell covered the song , with EmmyLou Harris for Crowell 's 2005 album The Outsider .   In 2006 , English singer-songwriter Steve Adey reinterpreted the song , slowing it down to a funeral pace . Adey 's version made The Times top songs of 2006 .   The song is used in the movie , including as the ending credits theme Steve Jobs ( 2015 film ) .   The song is used as the ending credits theme in the movie St. Vincent . Bill Murray is seen in the back yard listening to the song and singing along .

neg: Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued .   The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre .   A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock .   In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .

neg: Gonesville `` Gonesville '' is a song by Bob Weir , which is the second single from his third solo album , Blue Mountain . Written by Weir in collaboration with members of The National ; Josh Ritter , Josh Kaufman , Scott Devendorf , Joe Russo , and The Walkmen 's Walter Martin , along with lyricists Gerrit Graham and John Perry Barlow . The producers are Josh Kaufman and Daniel Goodwin .   `` Gonesville '' premiered on Rolling Stone 's website for streaming . `` Gonesville , '' is a bouncy , sing-along track that was co-written by Josh Ritter .   Elias Leight , from Rolling Stone , described the song as `` Weir and his band shambling cheerfully here : The bass line hints at the verve of honky tonk , the harmonica scoots forward and the lead guitar spits lively licks . A raft of backing vocalists join in during the chorus , adding to the cool , festive air , and `` Gonesville '' comes to a close with a jaunty group chant . ''   Speaking about the inspiration for song , Weir described the song as `` being a take on a Rockabilly tune . I was trying to go back and channel Elvis for the vocal , and for the music as well . ''

neg: Never Ending Tour 2016 The Never Ending Tour is the popular name for Bob Dylan 's endless touring schedule since June 7 , 1988 .

neg: Changing of the Guards `` Changing of the Guards '' is a song written by Bob Dylan , released in 1978 as a single and as the first track on his album Street-Legal . As an A-side single it failed to reach the Billboard Top 100 . However , the song has been included on compilation albums : Bob Dylan 's Greatest Hits Volume 3 , released in 1994 , and the Deluxe Edition of Dylan , released in 2007 .   A slightly longer mix of `` Changing of the Guards '' , including an extended fade , was included on editions of Street-Legal released in 1999 and 2003 .

neg: Gordon Lightfoot Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Jr. . ( born November 17 , 1938 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter who achieved international success in folk , folk-rock , and country music , and has been credited for helping define the folk-pop sound of the 1960s and 1970s . He has been referred to as Canada 's greatest songwriter and internationally as a folk-rock legend .   Lightfoot 's songs , including `` For Lovin ' Me '' , `` Early Morning Rain '' , `` Steel Rail Blues '' , `` Ribbon of Darkness '' -- a number one hit on the U.S. country chart with Marty Robbins 's cover in 1965 -- and `` Black Day in July '' about the 1967 Detroit riot , brought him international recognition in the 1960s . He experienced chart success in Canada with his own recordings , beginning in 1962 with the No. 3 hit Me ) I 'm the One '' . Lightfoot 's recordings then made an impact on the international music charts as well in the 1970s , with songs such as `` If You Could Read My Mind '' ( 1970 ) his first U.S. top 10 hit reaching # 5 . `` Sundown '' ( 1974 ) a # 1 hit , `` Carefree Highway '' ( 1974 ) which followed reaching # 10 , `` Rainy Day People ( 1975 ) at # 25 , and `` The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald '' ( 1976 ) ( No. 2 , Hot 100 ) .   Some of Lightfoot 's albums have achieved gold and multi-platinum status internationally . His songs have been recorded by some of the world 's most renowned recording artists , including Elvis Presley , Johnny Cash , Hank Williams Jr. , The Kingston Trio , Marty Robbins , Jerry Lee Lewis , Neil Young , Bob Dylan , Judy Collins , Barbra Streisand , Johnny Mathis , Herb Alpert , Harry Belafonte , Scott Walker , Sarah McLachlan , Eric Clapton , John Mellencamp , Jack Jones , Bobby Vee , Roger Whittaker , Peter , Paul and Mary , Glen Campbell , The Irish Rovers , Nico , Olivia Newton-John , Paul Weller , and Ultra Naté .   Robbie Robertson of the Band described Lightfoot as `` a national treasure '' . Bob Dylan , also a Lightfoot fan , called him one of his favorite songwriters and , in an often-quoted tribute , Dylan observed that when he heard a Lightfoot song he wished `` it would last forever '' . Lightfoot was a featured musical performer at the opening ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary , Alberta . He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree ( arts ) in 1979 and the Companion of the Order of Canada -- Canada 's highest civilian honour -- in 2003 . In November 1997 , Lightfoot was awarded the Governor General 's Performing Arts Award , Canada 's highest honour in the performing arts . On February 6 , 2012 , Lightfoot was presented with the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal by the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario . In June that year he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame . On June 6 , 2015 , Lightfoot received an honorary doctorate of music in his hometown of Orillia from Lakehead University .

neg: Dueling pianos Dueling pianos ( also known simply as `` sing-along '' ) is a form of entertainment , usually on stage with two grand pianos , each played by a professional player who sings and entertains ; humor and audience participation are prevalent . Usually these types of piano bars have substantial sound systems , and most of the songs performed are rock and roll , `` classic rock '' , Top 40 , R&B , or country , played primarily by request . The modern format originated in late 1986 at Alley Cats in Dallas , Texas , and was based on the old-style dueling pianos still found at Pat O'Brien 's Bar in New Orleans .   __ TOC __

neg: List of Billboard number-one Americana/folk albums Americana/Folk Albums ( formerly Folk Albums ) is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks the top selling `` current releases by traditional folk artists , as well as appropriate titles by acoustic-based singer-songwriters '' in the United States . The chart debuted on the issue dated December 5 , 2009 , as a 15-position chart with its first number-one title being the Bob Dylan Christmas album Christmas in the Heart .   It has since expanded to a 25-position chart . In May 2016 , Billboard renamed the chart to `` Americana/Folk Albums '' , with the increasing popularity of Americana music , giving more recognition to acts which lean more towards Americana than folk .

neg: Set You Free This Time `` Set You Free This Time '' is a song by the American folk rock band The Byrds , written by band member Gene Clark and first released in December 1965 on the group 's Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! album . According to Clark , the song was written in just a few hours during The Byrds ' 1965 British tour , after a night spent carousing with Paul McCartney at the Scotch of St James club in London . The song 's lead vocal is performed by Clark , who also plays acoustic guitar and harmonica on the track . `` Set You Free This Time '' concerns the breakup of a relationship and Clark 's vocal inflections and densely worded lyrics suggest the influence of Bob Dylan . The song also has a vague country rock feel to it , largely due to the song 's melody and Clark 's harmonica solo . The chord progression and rhythm of the song , however , are atypical of country music .   Following its appearance on the Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! album , the song was issued as the A-side of a single on January 10 , 1966 . However , initial sales were relatively poor , with the single only managing to reach # 79 on the Billboard Hot 100 . As a result , Columbia Records in America began promoting the single 's B-side `` It Wo n't Be Wrong '' instead , which resulted in the single eventually climbing to # 63 . In the UK , after a review in the NME stated that the B-side was better than `` Set You Free This Time '' , CBS Records went a step further and actually re-released the single with `` It Wo n't Be Wrong '' as the A-side . This re-issuing of essentially the same single twice within two weeks caused confusion among British radio DJs over which of the two songs they should play and contributed to the single 's failure to chart . To accompany its UK release as a single , the BBC commissioned a short promotional film from The Byrds . However , on the day of filming a physical altercation occurred between the band 's manager Jim Dickson and rhythm guitarist David Crosby and although some footage was shot , the clip was never aired .   Despite its lack of commercial success , the single release of `` Set You Free This Time '' gained mostly positive reviews in the music press . The first edition of Crawdaddy ! magazine described it as `` a lovely , moving song with Dylan-like 20-syllabal lines deckful of well chosen words . '' In the UK , Penny Valentine was complimentary in her review of the song for Disc magazine , commenting `` On first play , I did n't like it - but now I do . It 's rather unByrd-like and very , very Dylan-like . It 's slow and gentle and rather sad about never being a person who had much , and though she laughed at him and has now come for help , he does n't hold a grudge . Ahh ! '' The Beatles ' drummer , Ringo Starr , reviewing the single for Melody Maker , commented `` I only heard it the other day . They can do no wrong in my book . Great record , man , I love the voices . ''   During February 1966 , The Byrds performed `` Set You Free This Time '' on the U.S. television programs Hollywood A Go-Go , Where The Action Is , The Lloyd Thaxton Show , and Shivaree . However , the song disappeared from the band 's live concert repertoire following Clark 's departure from the group in March 1966 . During his solo career , Clark would often return to the song in live concerts and consequently , it appears on his live albums In Concert and Silverado ' 75 : Live & Unreleased . The Byrds ' recording of `` Set You Free This Time '' is included on several of the band 's compilation albums , including The Original Singles : 1965 -- 1967 , Volume 1 , The Essential Byrds , There Is a Season , and the expanded and remastered edition of The Byrds ' Greatest Hits . It has also been included on the Gene Clark compilations , Echoes , American Dreamer 1964 -- 1974 , Flying High , and Set You Free : Gene Clark in The Byrds 1964 -- 1973 .

neg: Mama, You Been on My Mind `` Mama , You Been on My Mind '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan . Written in 1964 during a trip to Europe , the song dealt with his recent breakup with his girlfriend , Suze Rotolo . Dylan first recorded the song in June of that year during a session for his album Another Side of Bob Dylan . However , the song was not included on the album , and Dylan 's version remained unreleased until 1991 . In total , in the 1990s and 2000s four versions were put out on Dylan 's Bootleg Series of releases , including two live performances with Joan Baez from 1964 and 1975 .   Many artists have covered the song , including Baez , Jeff Buckley , Judy Collins , Ricky Nelson , Johnny Cash , George Harrison , Dion and the Belmonts , Linda Ronstadt , and Rod Stewart on his 1972 album Never a Dull Moment . Dylan himself has performed the song more than 200 times .

neg: Mozambique (song) `` Mozambique '' is a song written by Bob Dylan and Jacques Levy that was originally released on Dylan 's 1976 album Desire . It was also released as a single and reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 .   At the time of the song 's release , the titular country of Mozambique had just emerged from a ten-year insurgency war against Portugal which led to Mozambique 's independence . As a result , some left wing supporters wanted to see the song as lending support to the newly independent country . However , the lyrics of the song do n't support such an interpretation , being slight and treating the country as merely a place for a romantic getaway in the sun , apart from a fleeting reference to `` people living free '' . This angered some of Dylan 's fans . Music critic Paul Williams suggests that `` Mozambique '' may have had its genesis in Dylan 's desire to write a song about Marseilles .   The melody received more praise than the lyrics . Robert Shelton describes the tune as `` playful . '' Authors Oliver Trager and John Nogowski both describe the melody as `` great '' and particularly praise the violin playing of Scarlet Rivera .   Author Oliver Trager describes `` Mozambique '' as `` a light love song with lighter political overtones . '' Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine calls it `` effervescent '' and `` Dylan at his breeziest . '' Paul Williams considers `` Mozambique '' to be one of several songs on Desire with `` wonderful , inventive , pleasure-giving '' music which nonetheless fails to reach the intensity and unity of the other songs because the lyrics are `` a little too vague , too clever '' and `` too distanced . '' Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin considers the song to be a `` ditty dredged up from the bottom of the barrel , '' `` ghastly '' and `` the weakest song on Desire . ''   `` Mozambique '' was also released as a single as a follow up to the Top 40 hit `` Hurricane '' and it reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Heylin suggests that Dylan may have released it as a single over songs fans might have preferred -- particularly `` Sara '' -- to spite fans who criticized the song for its slight lyrics trivializing the conflict in Mozambique . The song also appeared on the compilation album Masterpieces . A live performance was included in the television special Hard Rain but not on the associated album .

neg: Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) .   In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . ''   The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries .   Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show .   In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .