query: Nick Jonas was put out in November.

pos: Nick Jonas (album) Nick Jonas is the second eponymous studio album by American singer-songwriter Nick Jonas . It was released on November 10 , 2014 , by Island Records . The album features a sole collaborations with Angel Haze , Demi Lovato and Mike Posner . The album received a generally favorable reviews from music critics and has reached the top 10 in the United States , becoming top 20 in the United Kingdom , Mexico and Canada , whilst it also been reaching in the top 40 in Australia and New Zealand . It was re-released on November 20 , 2015 , under the title Nick Jonas X2 ; including three new tracks and four remixes .

neg: One Day (Charice song) `` One Day '' is a song by Filipina pop and R&B recording artist Charice . The song was co-written and co-produced by American recording artist Nick Jonas . The song was released for digital download on April 19 , 2011 .   The song was used as a part of Acuvue 's `` ACUVUE ® 1 • DAY Contest '' which was launched on their Facebook page .

neg: List of programs broadcast by Nick Jr. (block) The following is a list of programs broadcast by Nick Jr. , the Nickelodeon programming block broadcast from January 4 , 1988 ,

neg: Starships (song) `` Starships '' is a song by Trinidadian American recording artist Nicki Minaj , from her second studio album Pink Friday : Roman Reloaded ( 2012 ) . It was released on February 14 , 2012 by Young Money , Cash Money , and Universal Republic as the lead single from the album . The song was written by Minaj , Nadir Khayat , Carl Falk , Rami Yacoub , and Wayne Hector , and it was produced by RedOne , Yacoub , and Falk .   The song peaked inside the top five in over fifteen countries , and also achieved a Billboard milestone , debuting in the U.S. top 10 and spending a total of 21 consecutive weeks there . `` Starships '' has been certified six-times platinum in the U.S , becoming her second-highest certified single as a solo artist in the region . In the country , it has sold 4.5 million copies as of 2014 . It is among the best-selling singles of all time worldwide , with 7.2 million copies sold , as of December 2012 .   Minaj has performed the song live in a number of appearances , and it was the encore performance on the Pink Friday : Reloaded Tour . The corresponding music video was shot on Oahu Island , Hawaii . Directed by Anthony Mandler , the video features Minaj on a beach in a bikini , and near the end of the video , it shows her at a party , dancing to the song . The music video was well received by music critics , many praising the kaleidoscopic effects in the video and the carefree atmosphere . With all the success , the song has also sparked controversy surrounding a pulled live performance . The song was included in the 2012 video game Dance Central 3 and is included in the best-selling video game Just Dance 2014 . It is also one of the select few songs available on Just Dance 2014 's demo version . In September 2013 , electronic artist Clive Tanaka filed suit against Minaj and the writers of the song , claiming it infringed on his own composition and recording , `` Neu Chicago '' , but the lawsuit was later dismissed . The video for `` Starships '' also won Best Female Video at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards .

neg: Nick translation Nick translation ( or head translation ) , developed in 1977 by Rigby and Paul Berg , is a tagging technique in molecular biology in which DNA Polymerase I is used to replace some of the nucleotides of a DNA sequence with their labeled analogues , creating a tagged DNA sequence which can be used as a probe in fluorescent in situ hybridization or blotting techniques . It can also be used for radiolabeling .   This process is called nick translation because the DNA to be processed is treated with DNase to produce single-stranded `` nicks '' . This is followed by replacement in nicked sites by DNA polymerase I , which elongates the 3 ' hydroxyl terminus , removing nucleotides by 5 ' -3 ' exonuclease activity , replacing them with dNTPs . To radioactively label a DNA fragment for use as a probe in blotting procedures , one of the incorporated nucleotides provided in the reaction is radiolabeled in the alpha phosphate position . Similarly , a fluorophore can be attached instead for fluorescent labelling , or an antigen for immunodetection . When DNA polymerase I eventually detaches from the DNA , it leaves another nick in the phosphate backbone . The nick has `` translated '' some distance depending on the processivity of the polymerase . This nick could be sealed by DNA ligase , or its 3 ' hydroxyl group could serve as the template for further DNA polymerase I activity . Proprietary enzyme mixes are available commercially to perform all steps in the procedure in a single incubation .   Nick translation could cause double-stranded DNA breaks , if DNA polymerase I encounters another nick on the opposite strand , resulting in two shorter fragments . This does not influence the performance of the labelled probe in in-situ hybridization .

neg: Nick Jr. (block) Nick Jr. is a programming block on the Nickelodeon television channel , seen on Nickelodeon weekday mornings . It is aimed at young children aged under 7 years . On September 28 , 2009 , Noggin was renamed Nick Jr. and the block was temporarily renamed `` The Play Date . '' In 2014 , the Nick Jr. name began to be used for both the block and network . It is owned by MTV Networks , a division of Viacom International .

neg: Live (Jonas Brothers album) LiVe is the second live album by Jonas Brothers and their final release as a band . It was released on November 26 , 2013 in the US exclusively on their website . The album was stylized as LiVe , with a `` V '' as number five in the Roman numeral , a reference to the original project , the cancelled fifth studio album . It was recorded between July 23 and August 16 , 2013 at Mohegan Sun Arena and Gibson Amphitheatre during the final tour .

neg: Jonas Berkeley Jonas Berkeley is a saxophonist from the Southern Ontario region of Canada , and his work was nominated for a Juno Award ( Best Alternative Album ) with the Constantines on 2003 's Shine A Light ; ; ( see nomination listing for the following year ) . He has been playing for 17 years and is conversant on tenor and baritone sax , flute , clarinet and bass clarinet . He has worked on cruise ships , and in a variety of musical theatre productions , such as Grease ! and Jesus Christ Superstar ( see Hamilton Spectator reviews , 1997 -- 2000 ) . His West-coast funk band , Foundation , was named The Nerve Magazine Best Local Band of the Year by their in-house critic , Filmore Mescalito Holmes ( see Best of the Year , 2006 ) . He is also an actor , having appeared in X-Men : The Last Stand , RV , Wildfires , the 4400 , Eureka , Kyle XY , The Evidence , Stargate : Atlantis , Dungeon Siege '' and more . He is a traveller , having visited most of the Western Hemisphere in a plane , van or ship . He is an accomplished sailor , having done some racing on the Eerie Witch out of Port Dover . He has lived in the Caribbean for the last 3 winters and does not plan on remaining in Canada for another .

neg: The Novembers THE NOVEMBERS is a four-piece Japanese alternative rock band . A preceding band was first formed in 2002 by Kobayashi Yusuke and Takamatsu Hirofumi .   Subsequently , the preceding band disbanded in 2005 , and `` The Novembers '' was officially formed in March 2005 with Kobayashi and Takamatsu joined first by drummer Yoshiki Ryousuke in August 2005 , before its current lineup solidified in October 2005 with the arrival of Matsumoto Kengo .   The band released two demo albums in 2006 before making its indie debut on UK Project 's Daizawa Record with the release of their album , `` The Novembers '' in November , 2007 .

neg: Sad Britney Sad Britney is the third EP from American singer-songwriter Christopher Dallman . It was released on November 9 , 2009 by Beauteous Bird Records . After hearing Dallman 's cover of Britney Spears 's `` Gim me More '' , producer Rachel Alina suggested releasing an EP of Spears 's songs to bring attention to his music . The EP also included covers of `` Radar '' , `` Toxic '' and '' ... Baby One More Time '' . All the songs were recorded during the first day of the recording of his second EP , Never Was . The EP became Dallman 's first record to chart on iTunes . His music video for `` Gim me More '' received attention from Spears 's fans who misenterpreted his message and thought he was parodying her , which he denied .

neg: Eric Nicks Eric Nicks is the founder of Alpine Music Group home to R&B sensation Justine Skye . Eric Nicks is a music industry veteran , having been named the Sr. . VP of A&R at Universal Motown . He also founded R&B Live NY , an industry showcase in New York City . Nicks sits on the board of advisors for the Brooklyn Academy of Music . He is often a guest speaker at a variety of colleges , including NYU , Morehouse , and many others . On top of founding Alpine Music Group , Eric also created a bowling app called Side Action Bowling .   Eric Nicks graduated from New York University and began co-managing the sister of his best friend , up and coming rapper , Foxy Brown - ( rapper ) . In ` 96 Nicks received a call from Lyor Cohen and Chris Lighty , offering him an A&R position at Violator ( company ) Records and Management where he would help shape the careers of LL Cool J , Busta Rhymes , and Noreaga among others . After spending 5 years at Violator , Lighty named him President of the records division until he stepped off to start a management company , EVision , with LL Cool J as one of his clients .  He was involved in the platinum releases of Foxy Brown 's Ill NaNa , LL Cool J 's The DEFinition , and Lyfe Jennings ' debut Lyfe 268-192 .  Eric Nicks received a tap from Kevin Liles , former president of Def Jam , for a position as Vice President of A&R at Def Jam . Under Nicks ' tenure at Def Jam , LL dropped his 10th studio album titled `` 10 '' which included LL Cool J 's 1st # 1 single `` Love You Better . '' and 11th studio album `` The Definition '' which included LL 's 2nd # 1 single `` Headsprung '' and 3rd # 1 single `` All I Need '' featuring Jennifer Lopez . In 2003 , Nicks left Def Jam to become Sr. . Vice President of A&R at Sony Records where he A&R 'd Lyfe Jennings Platinum debut album `` 268-192 '' . He went on to become Sr. . VP of A&R at Universal Motown Records in 2006 .   In 2007 , Eric Nicks created R&B Live New York . Since its inception , R&B Live has hosted artists such as Fantasia , Ne-Yo , Trey Songz , Brian McKnight and many more . The star-studded room has included Kevin Liles , Jay-Z , Denzel Washington , Terrence Howard and many other celebrities and industry executives .   2008 marked the conception of Brookland Entertainment , Eric Nicks ' own record label company formed in conjunction with the Trackmasters . Brookland Entertainment was home to the hit single `` Download '' by Lil ' Kim ft. T-Pain and Charlie Wilson and dancehall artist Beenie Man .   In 2010 Eric Nicks founded Alpine Music Group , which includes a self owned management company , a joint venture publishing company with Sony/ATV and a Record Label under Atlantic Records which houses upcoming sensation Justine Skye . In 2010 Eric also founded Alpine Music Publishing which houses records from Justine Bieber `` U Smile '' , One Direction `` Got ta Be you '' , Justine Skye `` Collide '' and many more .   A&R Discography

neg: All Bad `` All Bad '' is a single by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber . It was released on November 11 , 2013 , The song is the sixth in Bieber 's series Music Mondays , the first five being `` Heartbreaker '' ( October 7 , 2013 ) , `` All That Matters '' ( October 14 ) , `` Hold Tight '' ( October 21 ) , `` Recovery '' ( October 28 ) and `` Bad Day '' ( November 4 ) . Bieber released a new single every week for 10 weeks from October 7 to December 9 , 2013 .

neg: Hurt (Christina Aguilera song) `` Hurt '' is the second single from American singer Christina Aguilera 's fifth studio album , Back to Basics . It was serviced to US contemporary hit radio stations on September 19 , 2006 and was released for purchase in November . Written by Aguilera , Linda Perry , and Mark Ronson , and produced by Perry , the song describes how the protagonist deals with the loss of a loved one and was inspired by the death of Perry 's father .   `` Hurt '' received mixed to positive reviews from music critics , who praised her vocals but were ambivalent towards its production . The song peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . According to Nielsen SoundScan , the single has sold over 1.1 million copies in the United States . It was a top-ten hit in Europe and Oceania , entering the top ten of record charts in countries including Austria , Belgium , France , and Germany .   A music video the song was directed by Floria Sigismondi and co-directed by Aguilera . It depicts Aguilera as a 1940s circus star who suffers from her father 's death . It won two MVPA Awards for Best Video and Best Direction of a Female Artist in 2007 , and was nominated for a Juno Award for Video of the Year . Aguilera has performed the song live on a number of occasions , including at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards and on Saturday Night Live . The track was included on the setlist of Aguilera 's Back to Basics Tour in 2006 and 2007 .

neg: My Name Is Jonas `` My Name Is Jonas '' is a song by alternative rock band Weezer . It is the first track of the band 's self-titled 1994 debut album , also known as The Blue Album . It was written by vocalist Rivers Cuomo , drummer Patrick Wilson and guitarist Jason Cropper , and produced by Ric Ocasek . Cropper wrote the song 's acoustic intro ; it is his only Weezer songwriting credit , as he left the band before the release of its first album .   The song was inspired by Cuomo 's brother , who was having insurance problems after a car crash . According to Cuomo , the song `` explains how The Plan is reaming us all , especially my brother . ''

neg: Merry Christmas II You Merry Christmas II You is the second Christmas album and thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released by Island Records on November 2 , 2010 . Recording began in April 2010 and continued while Carey became pregnant . She was the executive producer of Merry Christmas II You and worked with various record producers , including Bryan-Michael Cox , Jermaine Dupri , Randy Jackson , James Poyser , Marc Shaiman , James `` Big Jim '' Wright and Johnny `` Sev '' Severin of RedOne . The album features Carey 's mother Patricia Carey as a guest vocalist on `` O Come All Ye Faithful '' / `` Hallelujah Chorus '' . The album is composed of original songs and covers , ballads and uptempo tracks . It incorporates R&B , soul and house music in its composition .   The album received mixed reviews from music critics , who complimented its relaxed yet lively and contemporary feel , while others felt it was predictable and too overproduced in places . It debuted at number four on the United States Billboard 200 album chart , and reached number one on both the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and Holiday Albums chart . It was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipments exceeding 500,000 copies . Elsewhere , however , the album failed to make an impact , reaching the top thirty in Australia and Hungary , and the top fifty in Austria and Italy . It missed out on the top one-hundred in the United Kingdom by one position , peaking at one-hundred and one on the albums chart .   The album produced four singles , including the US Adult Contemporary record-breaking song `` Oh Santa ! '' . It reached number-one in its second week , the quickest ascent in the history of the chart and the only song to do so . Other singles included `` Auld Lang Syne ( The New Year 's Anthem ) '' , a single release version of `` When Christmas Comes '' in 2011 with John Legend and `` Christmas Time Is in the Air Again '' in 2012 . To support the album , Carey made promotional appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Lopez Tonight , and hosted her own television special called Mariah Carey : Merry Christmas to You .

neg: Falling Out (Peter Bjorn and John album) Falling Out is the second album by Peter Bjorn and John , released on October 4 , 2004 . While no videos were released , three singles were derived from the album ; the promo-only single for Tailormade and full releases for Teen Love and It Beats Me Every Time .   The last track on the album , ` Goodbye Again , Or ... ' is of very low quality in all formats , due to the only recording of the song coming from lead singer and guitarist Peter Moren 's mobile phone - added to the album on the last day before mastering . During the tour for his first solo album The Last Tycoon , Moren has performed the song acoustically in an extended form featuring a harmonica solo .   Wichita Recordings , responsible for later re-releases of the band 's early work , later re-released this album with bonus tracks taken from the singles derived from the album , in the same manner as their debut work . The bonus tracks on this re-release included the extra tracks from the ` Beats , Traps & Backgrounds ' EP and ` Fortune Favours Only The Brave ' , from the ` Teen Love ' single .   The single covers are notable for being composed entirely of text in the same font as that on the monochrome album art , which itself is a homage to The Velvet Underground 's third , self-titled album . The all-text theme carried over into the band 's live shows , with the backdrop printed with the word ` Backdrop ' repeating endlessly over it , and the amplifiers decorated in the same manner .

neg: Jonas Rønning Jonas Rønning ( born 8 August 1970 in Jevnaker ) is a Norwegian comedian , actor and cabaret artist . Notable performances include the musical `` Olsenbanden Jr. - At Circus '' at the Oslo Nye Teater , and appearances in entertainment programs on TV , including a regular role in the long-running television drama series Hotel Cæsar , and appearances on the musical variety show Beat for Beat , which airs weekly on the national television channel NRK1 . As a stand-up comedian he is best known as `` the man with the megaphone '' and for `` Hønefosskålen '' .   In 2002 Rønning received the Stå opp-prisen ( Stand-up Prize ) from Stand Up Norge , the largest booking agency for comedians in Norway .   Rønning and Bror Andersen set up an annual summer revue in Hønefoss . In October to December 2007 he performed his show `` Et Fønny Sjow '' at Victoria Nasjonal Jazzscene with Morten Grøtnes . In December 2012 , Rønning and Grøtnes performed the Christmas show `` Julelatter 2012 '' ( `` Christmas Laughter 2012 '' ) .

neg: First Time (Jonas Brothers song) `` First Time '' is a song recorded by American band , Jonas Brothers . The song was released as the second single from their now-cancelled fifth studio album on June 25 , 2013 by Jonas Enterprises . This was the final single released by the group before their breakup .

neg: Nick Thune Nicholas Ivan `` Nick '' Thune ( born December 8 , 1979 ) is an American actor , comedian , and musician .   Thune was born in Seattle , Washington , to parents Erik and Cindy Thune . He has one sister and twin brothers . At age 24 , Thune moved to Los Angeles to pursue his career in stand-up . He has performed on The Tonight Show eight times , and was featured in a Comedy Central Presents special in 2007 . Aside from numerous stand up gigs , he has also had roles in the movies Knocked Up and Unaccompanied Minors .   In February 2009 , Thune performed at the DTD Reality concert at the University of Southern California .   Thune 's debut album Thick Noon was released on February 23 , 2010 by Comedy Central Records .   Thune was cast as a lead in the 2010 NBC pilot for Beach Lane starring opposite Matthew Broderick . However , the pilot was not picked up as a series . He has since made guest appearances on the comedy programs Traffic Light and Happy Endings in 2011 , and Do n't Trust the B -- in Apartment 23 in 2012 .


query: Larry Buttrose's book Cafe Royale was also published by the title The Blue Man.

pos: Larry Buttrose Larry Philip Buttrose ( born 16 December 1952 ) is an Australian writer , journalist and academic . He is the ghostwriter of the Saroo Brierley memoir A Long Way Home ( adapted for the screen as the major international feature film Lion ) . He is also the author of the novels The Maze of the Muse and Sweet Sentence , and the travel books The King Neptune Day & Night Club , and Cafe Royale ( also published as The Blue Man ) .   For the stage he co-wrote the hit musical Hot Shoe Shuffle , as well Kurtz , his stage adaptation of Heart of Darkness , and a stage adaptation of Don Quixote . For the screen he co-wrote the feature Gino and the feature documentary Movietone Memories , and is currently working on the screenplay for Hicks , about the life of Australian inmate in Guantanamo , David Hicks . He teaches Screenwriting at New York University 's Sydney campus at The Rocks .

neg: Blue Bird Inn The Blue Bird Inn , at 5021 Tireman , was a jazz night club in Detroit presenting music every night except Monday . An African American owned venue , by the end of the 1940s it was the most important live outlet for bop in the city .   Thad Jones ' composition `` 5021 '' refers to the Blue Bird 's address and Tommy Flanagan placed tribute to the venue in the title track to an album with Kenny Burrell , Beyond the Blue Bird ( 1990 ) .   The venue had featured live music since the 1930s , but in 1948 Phil Hill was hired to assemble a house band that could play bebop . Hill 's first trio there comprised Abe Woodly on vibraphone and Art Mardigian on drums , with Hill on piano .   The following year , Hill and Mardigan were joined by Wardell Gray , James `` Beans '' Richardson on bass and Jack Tiant on bongos , and , as the Phil Hill Quintet , recorded a live album on July 20 , 1949 . The following April , the Wardell Gray Quartet , with Hill , Richardson and Mardigan recorded for Prestige .   In the latter half of 1949 , the trio was headlined by Tate Houston , and later by Frank Foster .   In the early 1950s , the Billy Mitchell Quintet , featuring Elvin Jones , replace Hill 's trio as the house band . In 1953 , Miles Davis joined the band , and would return many times with his own groups .   Other performers included Pepper Adams , Sonny Stitt , Ahmad Jamal , Donald Byrd , Frank Gant , and Curtis Fuller .

neg: Blue Book Top 20 Network Rankings The Performance Marketing Blue Book , owned by privately held mThink LLC , provides online affiliates and merchants with an independently researched ranking of affiliate networks worldwide .  It is published in the form of two `` Top 20 '' league tables , one for CPA networks and one for networks using a revenue sharing business model , cost-per-sale . The tables are updated each year from the results of an annual research-based process that includes a survey of over 20,000 online publishers and advertisers .  The Blue Book has been produced each year since 2009 and is a recognized information resource within the performance marketing industry .   Methodology  The Blue Book is based upon a research process that incorporates multiple sources of affiliate marketing industry data and includes over 500 affiliate networks each year . One major component is an annual survey of over 20,000 online publishers and merchants . The survey includes anti-fraud security measures to prevent multiple responses from a single individual as well question structured to avoid selection-bias .  In addition to the survey , the research process aggregates industry expert views , traffic data , measures of industry influence and other information .   The Blue Ribbon Panel  The Blue Ribbon Panel is a group of performance marketing industry experts representing each of the three core parts of the industry : advertisers , publishers and networks . Members are selected on the basis of their experience and reputation . Their opinions are collected via interviews and online survey , and are incorporated into the research process for the Performance Marketing Blue Book .

neg: Dandy A dandy historically , is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance , refined language , and leisurely hobbies , pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self . A dandy could be a self-made man who strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background , especially in late 18th - and early 19th-century Britain .   Previous manifestations of the petit-maître ( French for small master ) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost , but the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s , both in London and in Paris . The dandy cultivated cynical reserve , yet to such extremes that novelist George Meredith , himself no dandy , once defined cynicism as `` intellectual dandyism . '' Some took a more benign view ; Thomas Carlyle wrote in Sartor Resartus that a dandy was no more than `` a clothes-wearing man '' . Honoré de Balzac introduced the perfectly worldly and unmoved Henri de Marsay in La fille aux yeux d'or ( 1835 ) , a part of La Comédie Humaine , who fulfils at first the model of a perfect dandy , until an obsessive love-pursuit unravels him in passionate and murderous jealousy .   Charles Baudelaire defined the dandy , in the later `` metaphysical '' phase of dandyism , as one who elevates æsthetics to a living religion , that the dandy 's mere existence reproaches the responsible citizen of the middle class : `` Dandyism in certain respects comes close to spirituality and to stoicism '' and `` These beings have no other status , but that of cultivating the idea of beauty in their own persons , of satisfying their passions , of feeling and thinking ... . Dandyism is a form of Romanticism . Contrary to what many thoughtless people seem to believe , dandyism is not even an excessive delight in clothes and material elegance . For the perfect dandy , these things are no more than the symbol of the aristocratic superiority of mind . ''   The linkage of clothing with political protest had become a particularly English characteristic during the 18th century . Given these connotations , dandyism can be seen as a political protest against the levelling of egalitarian principles , often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values , such as the ideals of `` the perfect gentleman '' or `` the autonomous aristocrat '' . Paradoxically , the dandy required an audience , as Susann Schmid observed in examining the `` successfully marketed lives '' of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron , who exemplify the dandy 's roles in the public sphere , both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal . Nigel Rodgers in The Dandy : Peacock or Enigma ? questions Wilde 's status as a genuine dandy , seeing him as someone who only assumed a dandified stance in passing , not a man dedicated to the exacting ideals of dandyism .

neg: Chapbook A chapbook is an early type of popular literature printed in early modern Europe . Produced cheaply , chapbooks were commonly small , paper-covered booklets , usually printed on a single sheet folded into books of 8 , 12 , 16 and 24 pages . They were often illustrated with crude woodcuts , which sometimes bore no relation to the text . When illustrations were included in chapbooks , they were considered popular prints .   The tradition of chapbooks arose in the 16th century , as soon as printed books became affordable , and rose to its height during the 17th and 18th centuries . Many different kinds of ephemera and popular or folk literature were published as chapbooks , such as almanacs , children 's literature , folk tales , ballads , nursery rhymes , pamphlets , poetry , and political and religious tracts .   The term `` chapbook '' for this type of literature was coined in the 19th century . The corresponding French and German terms are bibliothèque bleue ( blue book ) and Volksbuch , respectively . In Spain they were known as pliegos de cordel .   The term `` chapbook '' is also in use for present-day publications , commonly short , inexpensive booklets .

neg: The Hole Man `` The Hole Man '' is a short story by American writer Larry Niven . It won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1975 .   In this story , a team of explorers and scientists on Mars encounter an alien base , in which there is a still-functional communication device . One scientist believes that at the center of the device is a tiny black hole , but his superior does not believe him . During a heated argument with his superior , the scientist turns off the containment field , releasing the black hole . The hole drops right through his superior , killing him as it falls towards the center of the planet . At the end of the story , the release of the black hole is revealed to possibly endanger the explorers as it consumes Mars .

neg: The Double Man The Double Man may refer to :  The Double Man ( book ) , a 1941 book of poems by W. H. Auden  The Double Man ( 1967 film ) , a British spy film  The Double Man ( 1976 film ) , a Danish crime film

neg: Blue (soft drink) Blue is the mark of a soda juice fruit and vitamins sold in Angola . The drink is available in 10 flavors . Released in 2005 by Refriango company , the market leader in Angola , it was awarded the Gold Medal at the International Monde Selection Quality . The Blue brand is available in distinct flavors which other Angolan carbonated soft drinks do not use .   The drink 's slogan is `` life is a feast '' .

neg: The Man Within The Man Within ( 1929 ) is the first novel by author Graham Greene . It tells the story of Francis Andrews , a reluctant smuggler , who betrays his colleagues , and the aftermath of his betrayal . It is Greene 's first published novel . ( Two earlier attempts at writing novels were never published , but a book of poetry , Babbling April , was published in 1925 , while Greene was a student at Balliol College , Oxford ) .   The title is taken from a sentence in Thomas Browne 's Religio Medici : ` There 's another man within me that 's angry with me . '   Greene , in his preface to the Penguin paperback edition of the book , derides the book as hopelessly romantic .

neg: The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond is G. K. Chesterton 's final collection of detective stories , published after his death in 1936 . Of the eight mysteries , seven were first printed in the Storyteller magazine . The Unmentionable Man was unique to the book .   The stories revolve around a civil servant named Mr. Pond ( we are not told his first name ) . He is described as a very ordinary and fish-like man who has a habit of startling those who meet him with outrageous paradoxical statements . He seems unaware of the oddness of his remarks , and his friend Sir Hubert Wotton explains : `` he looks a very sedentary , scientific little cuss ... but he 's really had very extraordinary experiences . He does n't talk about them ; he does n't want to talk about them ... but when , in the course of talking in the abstract he comes on some concrete thing that he has actually done -- well , I can only say he crumples it up . He tries to crush it into a small space and it simply sounds contradictory . Almost every one of those crazy sentences simply stands for one of the adventures in what would be called by most people a very unadventurous life . ''   Chesterton himself was well known for using paradox in his writings , but in one story he explains that his kind of paradox is different from Mr. Pond 's :  Paradox has been defined as `` Truth standing on her head to get attention . '' Paradox has been defended ; on the ground that so many fashionable fallacies still stand firmly on their feet , because they have no heads to stand on . But it must be admitted that writers , like other mendicants and mountebanks , frequently do try to attract attention . They set out conspicuously , in a single line in a play , or at the head or tail of a paragraph , remarks of this challenging kind ; as when Mr. Bernard Shaw wrote : `` The Golden Rule is that there is no Golden Rule '' ; or Oscar Wilde observed : `` I can resist everything except temptation '' ; or a duller scribe ( not to be named with these and now doing penance for his earlier vices in the nobler toil of celebrating the virtues of Mr. Pond ) said in defence of hobbies and amateurs and general duffers like himself : `` If a thing is worth doing , it is worth doing badly . '' To these things do writers sink ; and then the critics tell them that they `` talk for effect '' ; and then the writers answer : `` What the devil else should we talk for ? Ineffectualness ? ''   In four of the stories Pond is induced to tell the dramatic tale which lies behind a baffling paradox ; in another , `` Pond the Pantaloon '' , Wotton tells the story . In two more , `` The Crime of Captain Gahagan '' and `` The Terrible Troubadour '' , Pond 's keen mind arrives at the truth when his friend Gahagan is accused of murder . In `` Ring of Lovers '' Gahagan tells a true story and trusts to Pond to guess the secret behind it .   These stories written at the end of Chesterton 's career contain narrative stretches and improbabilities , but they do not lack his familiar flashes of insight . In the story The Crime of Captain Gahagan Chesterton observes , through the character of Mr. Pond , that `` Love never needs time . But friendship always needs time . More and more time , until up past midnight . ''

neg: A Room in Chelsea Square A Room in Chelsea Square is a 1958 British gay novel by Michael Nelson , originally published anonymously due to its homosexual content and `` thinly veiled portrayals of prominent London literary figures . '' It is about a wealthy gentleman who lures an attractive younger man to London with the promise of an upper crust lifestyle .

neg: The Blue Bird The Blue Bird may refer to :

neg: Mirage Tavern The Mirage Tavern was a drinking establishment at 731 N. Wells St. in Chicago purchased by the Chicago Sun-Times in 1977 to investigate widespread allegations of official corruption and shakedowns visited on small businesses by city officials . The journalists used hidden cameras to help ensure that city inspectors caught accepting payoffs for ignoring safety hazards were all properly documented .   In 1978 , the Sun-Times broke the story in a 25-part series that documented the many abuses and crimes committed at the tavern , which was shaken down repeatedly by state and local officials . The series was initially nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for general reporting , but the Pulitzer board decided not to award the Sun-Times when editor Ben Bradlee of the Washington Post led an attack on the grounds that the reporters used undercover reporting , a form of deception , to report the story .   The Mirage gave rise to major reforms including city code revisions , new procedures in city inspections and investigations at federal , state and city levels . The IRS sent in 20 agents to take a closer look at tax fraud by cash businesses . The Illinois Department of Revenue formed a new investigative unit : the Mirage Audit Unit . An ongoing federal investigation , spurred by the Mirage findings , managed indictments of a third of the city 's electrical inspectors in 1978 , with more indictments to come later .   The project was overseen by editors James Hoge , Ralph Otwell , Stuart H. Loory and Joseph Reilly . In May 1977 , journalist Pam Zekman and Better Government Association chief investigator Bill Recktenwald purchased the tavern under the aliases Mr. and Mrs. Ray Patterson . Reporter Zay N. Smith , who wrote the series , and BGA investigator Jeff Allen posed as the bartender and manager , respectively . Sun-Times photographers Gene Pesek and Jim Frost were in charge of photographing the tavern 's activities from a hidden section of the tavern built over the washrooms .   Corrupt practices ran the gamut from shakedowns to tax fraud .   The shakedown amounts were small , typically less than $ 100 , as the reporters learned of what they later called `` the supermarket approach to graft -- low prices , high volume '' that inspectors tended to prefer as the safest way of doing illegal business .   Among others , a city electrical inspector agreed to overlook the tavern 's faulty wiring . A fire department lieutenant agreed to sign off on the tavern 's grand opening , despite the loose electrical wiring hanging from rafters and a basement piled high with trash against regulations . A city health inspector ignored maggots and sink drains that emptied down to the basement floor . A state liquor inspector ignored fruit flies in the liquor .  ( The tavern quietly corrected all its code violations , on its own , after the shakedown inspections . )   Also reported were illegal kickbacks from pinball operators and jukebox operators ( A.A. Swingtime Music Company ) , as well as tax skimming . Philip J. Barasch , a local accountant , gave the new owners of the bar extensive lessons on how to keep two sets of account books to skim profits without paying tax and advised them exactly what time of day inspectors showed up and how much their shakedowns would typically cost . He also suggested including his business card with any payoffs to help smooth the shakedown process . The only officials he warned against bribing were the police , noting that `` if you pay off a cop , they keep coming around every month , like flies , looking for a payoff '' . The Mirage , after hearing Barash 's tax advice , hired six more accountants specializing in small cash businesses and was counseled by all of them to commit fraud .   The tavern , which has had more than one owner since the Sun-Times investigation , is now known , after a number of improvements , as the Brehon Pub .

neg: Récit Récit is a term for a subgenre of the French novel , describing a work in which the narrative calls attention to itself . Literary critic Roger Shattuck explains , `` During a récit , we are conscious of being at one remove from the action ; the very act of narration interferes and calls attention to itself . '' Examples of the récit include works by Benjamin Constant and Eugene Fromentin , Andre Gide , Maurice Blanchot , and Michel Leiris . According to Shattuck , The discomfort of the narrator in confronting his own effort of composition ( by now it should be apparent that narrator and author become indistinguishable ) has been inherited as one of the principal features of the recit .  Critic Geoffrey Hartman describes the récit as `` a confessional narrative , a kind of dramatic monologue in prose ... ''   Daniel Just writes of an ambiguity in the nature of the récit :   For literary critics , the récit as a category became ... elusive -- at once too broad and too specific . Meaning a `` narrative '' in general , récit has been used as an indefinite notion embracing many prose genres , to the point when it ceases to be clear if it does not coincide with narrative literature as such . At the same time , it has also served to identify a stylistic specificity found in the select works of only a few writers . This latter use finds perhaps its most exemplary illustrations in André Gide 's L'Immoraliste and Albert Camus 's La Chute . Gide , in particular , was quite meticulous in differentiating between his novels and their complex view of life , and his récits that portray life from a single perspective . Blanchot 's insistence on the difference between the novel and the récit is equally scrupulous , but for other reasons . His emphasis on a strong generic meaning of the term récit -- which is evident in spite of the semantic overload this notion sometimes undergoes in his theoretical texts -- has nothing to do with the number of points of view represented in the story . For Blanchot , the récit is a distinct literary form whose uniqueness resides in its not merely stylistic but `` essential '' difference from the genre of the novel .   Maurice Blanchot describes the récit as follows :   If we regard the récit as the true telling of an exceptional event which has taken place and which someone is trying to report , then we have not even come close to sensing the true nature of the récit . The récit is not the narration of an event , but the event itself , the approach to that event , the place where that event is made to happen-an event which is yet to come and through whose power of attraction the récit can come into being , too .

neg: Blue Metropolis Blue Metropolis is the name for the Montreal International Literary Festival . Also known as Blue Met , is the world 's first multilingual literary festival and has been held annually in Montreal since April 1999 . It was founded by Montreal writer Linda Leith . In early 2011 , Leith departed and a new President was hired as well as a new Director of Programming . The Blue Metropolis Foundation is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1997 that brings together people from different cultures to share the pleasures of reading and writing , and encourages creativity and intercultural understanding . The Foundation produces an Annual Literary Festival and offers a wide range of educational and social programs year-round , both in classrooms and online . These programs use reading and writing as therapeutic tools , to encourage academic perseverance , and fight against poverty and social isolation .

neg: Marlborough: His Life and Times Marlborough : His Life and Times is a panegyric biography written by Winston Churchill about John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough . Churchill was a lineal descendant of the duke .   The book comprises four volumes , the first of which appeared in October 1933 ( 557 pages , 200,000 words ) with subsequent volumes in 1934 , 1936 and 1938 . The publisher was George G Harrup , who in 1929 agreed an advance of # 10,000 for the publishing rights , topping the offer made by Churchill 's customary publishers , Thornton Butterworth . The American publisher , Scribner 's , paid # 5000 advance for United States publishing rights . At that time Churchill envisaged writing 180,000 to 250,000 words to be published in no more than two volumes . Cumulative sales of the first volume were 17,000 copies , 15,000 for the second and 10,000 for the third and fourth , which was a respectable though not exceptional performance for such a work .   Churchill had conceived the idea of writing the book by 1929 , when the conservative defeat in the general election meant that he was no longer a government minister , giving him both spare time and the loss of his ministerial salary . His first act in preparing the book was to employ Maurice Ashley part-time for a  salary of # 300 per year to carry out research about Marlborough . Ashley later produced his own biography of Marlborough , in 1939 . Churchill , with other assistants , worked on and published a number of different historical books while work on Marlborough was proceeding . Churchill turned seriously to writing Marlborough after Easter 1932 , following pressure from his publishers . His initial draft was passed to Edward Marsh , who had been his private secretary while a government minister , with instructions to look out for repetitions , boring passages or clumsy sentences . He wrote over 300 letters requesting information or opinions about the work in progress .   In the preface to volume one , Churchill writes '' `` It is my hope to recall this great shade from the past , and not only invest him with his panoply , but make him living and intimate to modern eyes . ''   Churchill was sceptical of the claim that Marlborough had at 17 or 18 years of age became the lover of the King 's mistress but accepted that he did so somewhat later , at 20 . In 1675 , however , he met the 15-year-old Sarah Jennings , married her and lived with contentedly for the remainder of their lives . They were of comparable social status , but neither had any significant money . Churchill saw similarities between his ancestor and himself .

neg: Café society Café society was the description of the `` Beautiful People '' and `` Bright Young Things '' who gathered in fashionable cafes and restaurants in New York , Paris , and London beginning in the late 19th century . Maury Henry Biddle Paul is credited with coining the phrase `` cafe society '' in 1915 . Lucius Beebe created the term `` chromium mist '' for the cafe society lifestyle he chronicled in his weekly column , `` This New York , '' for the New York Herald Tribune during the 1920s and 1930s .   They attended each other 's private dinners and balls and took holidays in exotic locations or at elegant resorts .  In the United States , café society came to the fore with the end of Prohibition in December 1933 and the rise of photojournalism , to describe the set of people who tended to do their entertaining semi-publicly , in restaurants and night clubs and who would include among them movie stars and sports celebrities . Some of the American night clubs and New York City restaurants frequented by the denizens of café society included El Morocco , the Stork Club , Restaurant Larue , and the 21 Club . A complete history of New York café society , illustrated with photographs by Jerome Zerbe , was published by McFarland Publishing in 2015 .

neg: Man of Earth Man of Earth is a science fiction novel by Algis Budrys , first published in 1958 by Ballantine Books . `` The Man from Earth '' , a `` greatly different '' earlier version of the story , was published in the debut issue of Satellite Science Fiction in 1956 .

neg: Bronze Man Bronze Man is a fictional comic-book superhero in comics published by Fox Feature Syndicate . He first appeared in Blue Beetle # 42 ( July/August 1946 ) .

neg: The Man with the Golden Gun The Man with the Golden Gun may refer to :   The Man with the Golden Gun ( novel ) , a 1965 Ian Fleming novel  The Man with the Golden Gun ( film ) , a 1974 film , starring Roger Moore as James Bond  The Man with the Golden Gun ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack of the 1974 film  `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' ( song ) , the title song of the 1974 film , sung by Lulu  `` Man With the Golden Gun '' , an Alice Cooper song that did not make the film 's soundtrack and was instead released on 1973 's Muscle of Love album  Francisco Scaramanga , the titular villain of both the novel and the film

neg: Ladies' man Ladies ' man may refer to :  Ladies ' Man ( 1931 film ) , a 1931 film starring William Powell as the title character  Ladies ' Man ( 1947 film ) , a 1947 American film starring Eddie Bracken  The Ladies Man , a 1961 Jerry Lewis film  Ladies Man ( 1999 TV series ) , a 1999 television sitcom starring Alfred Molina  Ladies ' Man ( 1980 TV series ) , an American sitcom starring Lawrence Pressman  Leon Phelps , The Ladies ' Man , a Saturday Night Live character played by Tim Meadows  The Ladies Man ( 2000 film ) , a film about the Saturday Night Live character  Ladies Man , an alternative title for Science Fiction , an unauthorized live album by Alice Cooper  Ladies Man ( EP ) , a 1980 live EP by the Canadian rock band April Wine  `` Ladies Man '' ( song ) , a 2000 single by New Zealand rock band The D4  `` Lady 's Man '' ( Law & Order : Criminal Intent ) , a 2009 episode of Criminal Intent  `` Ladies Man '' , episode 37 of the Nickelodeon TV show All Grown Up !  Ladies ' Man ( novel ) , a 1978 novel by Richard Price  Ladies ' Man : A MADE Movie , a 2013 MTV movie starring Dave Randolph-Mayhem Davis


query: Leslie Groves was born on July 13, 1970.

pos: Leslie Groves Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves Jr. ( 17 August 1896 -- 13 July 1970 ) was a United States Army Corps of Engineers officer who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project , a top secret research project that developed the atomic bomb during World War II .   As the son of a United States Army chaplain , Groves lived at a number of Army posts during his childhood . He graduated fourth in his class at the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1918 and was commissioned into the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . In 1929 , he went to Nicaragua as part of an expedition whose purpose was to conduct a survey for the Inter-Oceanic Nicaragua Canal . Following the 1931 Nicaragua earthquake , Groves took over responsibility for Managua 's water supply system , for which he was awarded the Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit . He attended the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas , in 1935 and 1936 , and the Army War College in 1938 and 1939 , after which he was posted to the War Department General Staff .   In 1940 Groves , who `` had a reputation as a doer , a driver , and a stickler for duty '' , became special assistant for construction to the Quartermaster General , tasked with inspecting construction sites and checking on their progress . In August 1941 , he was given responsibility for the gigantic office complex to house the War Department 's 40,000 staff which would ultimately become the Pentagon . In September 1942 , Groves took charge of the Manhattan Project . He was involved in most aspects of the atomic bomb 's development . He participated in the selection of sites for research and production at Oak Ridge , Tennessee ; Los Alamos , New Mexico ; and Hanford , Washington . He directed the enormous construction effort , made critical decisions on the various methods of isotope separation , acquired raw materials , directed the collection of military intelligence on the German nuclear energy project and helped select the cities in Japan that were chosen as targets . Groves wrapped the Manhattan Project in security but failed to prevent the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from conducting a successful espionage program that stole some of its most important secrets .   After the war , Groves remained in charge of the Manhattan Project until responsibility for nuclear weapons production was handed over to the United States Atomic Energy Commission in 1947 . He then headed the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project , which had been created to control the military aspects of nuclear weapons . He was given a dressing down by the Chief of Staff of the United States Army , General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower , and told that he would never be appointed Chief of Engineers . Three days later , Groves announced his intention to leave the Army . He was promoted to lieutenant general just before his retirement on 29 February 1948 in recognition of his leadership of the bomb program . By a special Act of Congress , his date of rank was backdated to 16 July 1945 , the date of the Trinity nuclear test . He went on to become a vice-president at Sperry Rand .

neg: Leslie Rands Leslie Rands ( January 7 , 1900 -- December 6 , 1972 ) was an English opera singer and actor , best known for his performances in baritone roles of the Savoy Operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company . He married D'Oyly Carte soprano Marjorie Eyre in 1926 .

neg: Leslie Irvine (sociologist) Leslie Jane Irvine ( born November 26 , 1958 ) is an American sociologist specialising in conceptions of the self and human-animal relationships . She is currently a professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Colorado at Boulder , where she has worked since 1998 . She was educated at Palm Beach Junior College ( Associate of Arts ) , Florida Atlantic University ( Bachelor of Arts in art history and Master of Arts in sociology ) and State University of New York at Stony Brook ( PhD in sociology ) .

neg: Leslie Sanchez Leslie Sanchez ( born 1971 ) is an American author , political pundit affiliated with the Republican Party , and founder/CEO of Impacto Group LLC , a Washington , D.C.-based market research and consulting firm . She was ranked one of `` Newsmax 's 50 Most Influential Latino Republicans '' in 2016 .

neg: Phillip Lee (politician) Phillip James Lee ( born 28 September 1970 ) is a British Conservative Party politician . He has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Bracknell since winning the seat at the 2010 general election .

neg: Coconut Grove Coconut Grove is the oldest continuously inhabited neighborhood of Miami in Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States . The neighborhood is roughly bound by North Prospect Drive to the south , LeJeune Road to the west , South Dixie Highway ( US 1 ) and Rickenbacker Causeway to the north , and Biscayne Bay to the east . It is south of the neighborhoods of Brickell and The Roads and east of Coral Gables . The neighborhood 's name has been sometimes spelled `` Cocoanut Grove '' but the definitive spelling `` Coconut Grove '' was established when the city was incorporated in 1919 .   What is today referred to as Coconut Grove was formed in 1925 when the city of Miami annexed two areas of about equal size , the city of Coconut Grove and most of the town of Silver Bluff . Coconut Grove approximately corresponds to the same area as the 33133 ZIP Code although the ZIP Code includes parts of Coral Way and Coral Gables and a small portion of ZIP Code 33129 . The area is often referred to as `` The Grove '' and many locals take pride that Coconut Grove is one of the greenest areas of Miami .   Coconut Grove is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at Coconut Grove and Douglas Road stations .

neg: David Leslie (rugby union) David Leslie ( born 14 April 1952 ) is a former Scottish rugby union player . He played for Scotland 32 times between 1975 and 1985 . He usually played at number eight , but occasionally at flanker .   He was first capped against Ireland in 1975 , but did not become a regular on the Scotland squad until 1981 .   He spent much of his playing time injured , missing the 1977 , 1978 , 1979 Five Nations , and half of the 1980 season . He broke a leg in 1982 , missing the 1982 Scotland rugby union tour of Australia .   Leslie scored Scotland 's first try against in 1984 , only his second for Scotland .   He played for Gala RFC , which he captained .   Controversially , he was left off the 1983 British Lions tour to New Zealand . In 1984 , he was voted Rugby World '' 's `` Player of the Season '' .   Richard Bath writes of him that :  `` Throughout his career , he was consistently the most focussed and fearless player in a Scottish squad which had more than its fair share of fearless breakaways ... for all his intensity , Leslie found it hard to establish himself in the Scottish side until late on in his career . ''   Allan Massie considered that :  `` Leslie 's first quality is courage . All back-row forwards have to be brave , but Leslie 's courage defies reason and probability alike : he reckons any ball on the ground is his to win . The courage is so blinding that one is apt to overlook the skill , judgement and timing with which he launches himself at such balls and attaches himself to them . `` He is in fact a very skilful educated player ( he often played fly-half in his schooldays ) . He gives and takes a pass better than most of the Scottish three-quarter line . He has acquired the knack of dipping his shoulder into the tackler and slipping the ball at the same moment to a supporting player . He kicks well . Perhaps though his greatest asset with the ball in his hand is his intuitive knowledge of what is right . Jim Telfer has said that he can stop worrying when Leslie has the ball , being 99 per cent sure that he will out it to the best use possible . This is a quality that many of even the best and most spectacular of back-row men never acquire . '' ''   He went to school at High School of Dundee and Glenalmond College .

neg: Marlon Jordan Marlon Jordan ( born August 21 , 1970 in New Orleans , Louisiana ) is an American jazz trumpeter , composer , and bandleader .

neg: Third (Cait Brennan album) Third is the second full-length album by Cait Brennan , released by Omnivore on April 21 , 2017 . The follow-up to 2016 's critically lauded Debutante , Third was recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis , TN , in the same studio and on much of the same recording gear as Big Star used during its Ardent heyday .   The album was co-produced and performed entirely by Brennan and Fernando Perdomo , a producer and rock artist who also co-produced Linda Perhacs ' widely acclaimed 2014 album The Soul of All Natural Things for Asthmatic Kitty records . Perdomo and Brennan met as fellow artists on the International Pop Overthrow festival in 2012 , and quickly became friends ; Brennan appears in Perdomo 's `` Smile '' music video , and Perdomo has played in Brennan 's touring band . The duo produced Brennan 's 2016 debut , as well as an unreleased second album and a set of demos for Sire Records founder Seymour Stein before ultimately signing with Omnivore Recordings in January 2017 .   During the recording of Brennan 's Sire Records demo sessions , Brennan and Perdomo attended a Grammy Museum presentation celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Ardent Studios . At the event , Brennan and Perdomo encountered Big Star drummer and Ardent president Jody Stephens , who invited the pair to record their third album at Ardent in Memphis . When the Sire deal did not materialize , the duo traveled to Memphis and recorded 13 songs in three days , with Brennan and Perdomo producing and playing all the instruments , and Ardent 's Adam Hill engineering the sessions . During the sessions , the pair used many of the same instruments and amplifiers used by Big Star during their heyday , including Alex Chilton 's Hi-Watt amps , Mellotron and Chris Bell 's cherry red Gibson guitar . As with Brennan 's debut album Debutante , Brennan and Perdomo played all of the instruments , with the exception of two guest appearances by longtime Memphis power pop legend Van Duren and former Continental Drifters guitarist Robert Mache . The album was mastered by Grammy-winning audio engineer Michael Graves ; Cheryl Pawelski of Omnivore Recordings , who had a long history working with Ardent and Big Star , signed Brennan to Omnivore in January 2017 , slating Brennan 's Third for an April 2017 release to coincide with Record Store Day .

neg: Lakewood, California Lakewood is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 80,048 at the 2010 census . It is bordered by Long Beach on the west and south , Bellflower on the north , Cerritos on the northeast , Cypress on the east , and Hawaiian Gardens on the southeast . Major thoroughfares include Lakewood ( SR 19 ) , Bellflower , and Del Amo Boulevards and Carson and South Streets . The San Gabriel River Freeway ( I-605 ) runs through the city 's eastern regions .   Sometimes called `` an instant city '' because of its origins , going from lima bean fields in 1950 to a well-developed city by 1960 , Lakewood is a classic example of a post -- World War II American suburb .

neg: Leslie Stuart Leslie Stuart ( 15 March 1863 -- 27 March 1928 ) was an English composer of Edwardian musical comedy , best known for the hit show Florodora ( 1899 ) and many popular songs .   He began in Manchester as a church organist , for 14 years , and taught music while beginning to compose church music and secular songs in the late 1870s . In the 1880s , he began to promote and conduct orchestral and vocal concerts of popular and theatre music as `` Mr. T. A. Barrett 's Concerts '' . He began to focus his composition on music hall , including songs for blackface performers , such as `` Lily of Laguna '' ; songs for musical theatre , such as pantomimes and London shows touring through Manchester ; and ballads such as `` Soldiers of the King '' . Stuart later campaigned against the interpolation of new songs into musical theatre scores and for better enforcement of musical copyrights .   In 1895 , Stuart began to write songs for George Edwardes 's London shows at the Gaiety Theatre and Daly 's Theatre . His first full musical comedy score was Florodora in 1899 . The show became an international hit , and its song `` Tell me , pretty maiden '' , became a vaudeville standard . Other musical comedy successes followed , including The School Girl ( 1903 ) , The Belle of Mayfair ( 1906 ) and Havana ( 1908 ) . Of his later shows , only Peggy made much of an impact . By 1911 , Stuart 's gambling debts sent him into bankruptcy . Unable to adapt to changing musical tastes , he was no longer in demand as a composer , although he had some success as a piano sketch artist in variety theatre .

neg: Leslie Falkiner Sir Leslie Edmund Percy Riggs Falkiner , 7th Baronet ( 1866-19 January 1917 ) was a British baronet .   Falkiner was born in 1866 , the eldest son of Sir Samuel Edmund Falkiner , 6th Baronet , and educated at Marlborough College and in HMS Worcester . He succeeded his father to the baronetcy in 1893 .   He married twice - once in 1894 to Elaine Maynard Farmer ( 1871-1900 ) ; and secondly at Brompton Oratory , on 16 April 1902 , to Kathleen Orde-Powlett , daughter of Hon. Henry Orde-Powlett and grand daughter of the 3rd Lord Bolton .   On his own death the title passed to his eldest son , Sir Terence Edmond Patrick Falkiner , 8th Baronet , who was aged just 13 at the time .

neg: Danny Kirwan Daniel David `` Danny '' Kirwan ( born 13 May 1950 ) is a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist , singer and songwriter with the blues rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972 .

neg: Leslie Harris Leslie Harris may refer to :  Leslie Harris ( lawyer ) , president and chief executive officer of the Center for Democracy and Technology  Leslie Harris ( cricketer ) ( 1915 -- 1985 ) , Welsh cricketer  Leslie Harris ( director ) ( born 1960 ) , American film director , screenwriter and producer  Leslie Harris ( motorcyclist )  Les Harris ( businessman ) ( Leslie Harris , 1939 -- 2009 ) , Torquay businessman and motorcycle enthusiast

neg: Leslie's House `` Leslie 's House '' is the 14th episode of the second season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation , and the twentieth overall episode of the series . It originally aired on NBC in the United States on January 21 , 2010 . In the episode , Leslie holds a dinner party to impress her boyfriend Justin , but ends up recruiting town employees and potentially abusing her government power .   The episode was written by Daniel J. Goor and directed by Alex Hardcastle . The episode also continued a story arc involving Justin Theroux as Leslie 's boyfriend , which began in the previous episode . According to Nielsen Media Research , `` Leslie 's House '' was seen by 4.35 million viewers , a slight drop from the previous episode , `` The Set Up '' . The episode received generally positive reviews .

neg: Tommy Collins (singer) Leonard Raymond Sipes ( September 28 , 1930 -- March 14 , 2000 ) , better known as Tommy Collins , was an American country music singer and songwriter .   Active primarily during the 1950s through the 1970s , Collins was instrumental in helping create the Bakersfield sound of the country music genre . He enjoyed a string of hits during the mid-1950s including `` It Tickles '' and `` Watcha Gon na Do Now '' . He also wrote several songs for other artists , including `` If You Ai n't Lovin ' ( You Ai n't Livin ' ) '' , which was a top 10 hit for Faron Young in 1954 and a No. 1 hit by George Strait in 1988 .   After several years in the ministry , Collins returned to recording . In 1965 , he had a comeback hit with `` If You Ca n't Bite , Do n't Growl '' . In the 1970s , he wrote several hits for Merle Haggard , including the No. 1 hits `` Carolyn '' and `` The Roots of My Raising '' . In 1981 , Haggard recorded a biographical tribute to Collins called `` Leonard '' .   Collins was the inspiration and character talked about in Craig Morgan 's song , `` I Wish I Could See Bakersfield '' .   Collins remained active in the songwriting business . He died March 14 , 2000 , in Ashland City , Tennessee .

neg: Leonard Stephens Leonard Stephens ( born July 9 , 1978 ) is a former American football tight end . He was signed by the San Diego Chargers as an undrafted free agent in 2000 . He played college football at Howard . He played high school football at West Windsor Plainsboro High School in Princeton Junction , New Jersey .   Stephens has also been a member of the Detroit Lions , Washington Redskins , Tampa Bay Buccaneers , Seattle Seahawks and Tennessee Titans .   Stephens is currently the founder and Managing Partner at Perfect Performance , LLC . Perfect Performance is a sports performance training center focused on developing elite athletes .

neg: Gregoryville, Michigan Gregoryville is a small hamlet located on Torch Lake in Schoolcraft Township , near Lake Linden , in Houghton County , Michigan . The hamlet was more of a company town that arose out of the Joseph Gregoire lumber interests . Mr. Gregoire only hired French-Canadians to work for him , hence his title , `` Father of the French Canadians . ''   There were a handful of families that made up the population along with the workers at the sawmill . Most of these families married into one another , creating a tight-knit , distinct , unique community just outside the city limits . The surnames of the Gregoryville community can be identified as follows : Gregoire , LaCasse , Drake , Letendre , LaMothe , etc. .   The Gregoire family was very influential in the early years of Lake Linden . Coming from Quebec , Joseph Gregoire moved most of his family to Lake Linden where they enjoyed a period of affluence and success . Mr. Gregoire died in California and is buried in Mont Calvary cemetery in Lake Linden . His monument is the most impressive . Made of marble and weighing over 1000 pounds , the weather-worn French epitaph salutes him as `` Father of the French Canadians , '' cementing his place in early Copper Country history .

neg: Leslie Grace Leslie Grace Martínez ( born January 7 , 1995 ) , known professionally as Leslie Grace , is an American Dominican singer .

neg: Leslie Mills Leslie Mills is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , and actress .


query: Joseph Stalin was made General Secretary in 1922.

pos: Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin ( -LSB- ˈstɑːlɪn -RSB- 18 December 1878 -- 5 March 1953 ) was a Soviet revolutionary , politician and political theorist . He governed the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953 . In this capacity , he served as the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1953 and as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 . Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist , he helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism-Leninism while his own policies and theories became known as Stalinism .   Stalin was born to a poor Georgian family in Gori , Russian Empire . After an education at Tiflis Spiritual Seminary , he joined the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party . Affiliated with Vladimir Lenin 's Bolshevik faction , he raised funds via underground activities such as the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery . After the Bolsheviks seized power in 1917 and established a one-party state , Stalin sat on the Politburo during the Russian Civil War . In 1922 Stalin became General Secretary and established the Soviet Union . Despite Lenin 's objection , power consolidated around Stalin and opposition removed following Lenin 's death in 1924 . During Stalin 's tenure the concept of `` Socialism in One Country '' became a central tenet of Soviet society , and a cult of personality developed around Stalin . Lenin 's New Economic Policy was replaced with a centralised command economy , industrialisation and collectivisation . These rapidly transformed the country from an agrarian society into an industrial power , but disrupted food production and contributed to the famine of 1933 -- 34 . Between 1934 and 1939 , Stalin organised the `` Great Purge '' , in which millions of so-called `` enemies of the working class '' , including senior political and military figures , were interned in Gulag-run prisons , exiled or executed , often without due process .   In August 1939 Stalin entered a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany , resulting in their invasion of Poland in September of that year . Germany ended the pact by invading the Soviet Union in 1941 . Despite initial setbacks , the Soviet Red Army halted the German incursion and captured Berlin in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . The Soviet Union annexed the Baltic states and backed the establishment of pro-Soviet Marxist governments both throughout Eastern Europe and in China , North Korea , and North Vietnam . The Soviet Union and United States emerged as the two world superpowers , and a period of tensions began between the Soviet-backed Eastern Bloc and U.S.-backed Western Bloc known as the Cold War . Stalin led the Soviet Union through its post-war reconstruction phase , during which it became the second country to develop a nuclear weapon , as well as launching the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in response to another major famine and the Great Construction Projects of Communism . Stalin died in 1953 and was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev , who denounced Stalin and initiated a de-Stalinisation process .   Stalin is widely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century . Stalinism influenced various Marxist-Leninist groups and governments across the world , for whom Stalin was a champion of socialism and the working class . After the fall of the Soviet Union , Stalin has been praised by supporters for his role in defeating Nazi Germany and establishing the Soviet Union as a major world power . Critics emphasise his role in causing millions of deaths and numerous political , religious and ethnic repressions .

neg: Sergey Lapin (diplomat) Sergey Georgiyevich Lapin ( -- 4 October 1990 ) was a Soviet apparatchik , newspaper editor and diplomat .   Lapin was born in Saint Petersburg . From 1930 to 1932 he studied at the Leningrad Historical Language Institute , and after graduating he went on to work in various positions , including deputy editor , of various Leningrad newspapers until 1940 . From 1940 to 1942 he was a student at the Higher Party School of the All-Union Communist Party ( bolsheviks ) .   From 1945 to 1953 he was Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Broadcasting , when in 1953 he began a career in diplomacy as Counsellor at the Embassy of the Soviet Union in East Germany . In 1955 he returned to Moscow to work in the European Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , whilst also holding the position of Secretary of the CPSU at the MFA .   From 19 October 1956 until 16 June 1960 he was located in Vienna , as Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Austria , and then relocated back to Moscow as 1st Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries , whilst also holding the position of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic .   In 1962 he was promoted as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR , and held this position until 6 April 1965 . From 13 April 1965 until 12 April 1967 he was Ambassador of the Soviet Union to the People 's Republic of China .   After the completion of his mission to Beijing , he returned once again to Moscow as Director-General of TASS , and held that position until 24 April 1970 . For a short period of time , until 12 July 1970 he was Chairman of the Committee for Broadcasting , when he was appointed as Chairman of the State Committee for Television and Radiobroadcasting , and held this position until his retirement on 16 December 1985 . Lapin 's time is known as a period of strikingly manifested antisemitism at the Central Television and Radio of the USSR . Many popular Soviet artists of Jewish descent , such as Nina Brodskaya , Emil Gorovets , Maya Kristalinskaya , Larisa Mondrus , Vadim Mulerman , and Aida Vedishcheva , met numerous obstacles in their careers . They were gradually banned from TV , their names were not making into movies ' credits , they faced cancellation of concerts and prohibition of concert tours abroad , and tapes with their recordings on the radio were erased .   Lapin died in 1990 in Moscow .

neg: Yalta Conference The Yalta Conference , sometimes called the Crimea conference and code named the Argonaut Conference , held from February 4 to 11 , 1945 , was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States , the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe 's postwar reorganization . The three states were represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt , Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin , respectively . The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea , Soviet Union .   The goal of the conference was to shape a post-war peace that represented not just a collective security order but a plan to give self-determination to the liberated peoples of post-Nazi Europe .   The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe . Within a few years , with the Cold War dividing the continent , Yalta became a subject of intense controversy . To a degree , it has remained controversial .   Yalta was the second of three wartime conferences among the Big Three . It had been preceded by the Tehran Conference in 1943 , and was followed by the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 , which was attended by Stalin , Churchill ( who was replaced halfway through by the newly elected British Prime Minister Clement Attlee ) and Harry S. Truman , Roosevelt 's successor .

neg: Andrei Kirilenko (politician) Andrei Pavlovich Kirilenko ( -LSB- Андре́й Па́влович Кириле́нко , p = ɐnˈdrʲej ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ kʲɪrʲɪˈlʲɛnkə -RSB- -- 12 May 1990 ) was a Soviet statesman from the start to the end of the Cold War . In 1906 , Kirilenko was born at Alexeyevka in Belgorod Oblast to a Ukrainian working-class family . He graduated in the 1920s from a local vocational school , and again in the mid-to-late 1930s from the Rybinsk Aviation Technology Institute . He became a member of the All-Union Communist Party ( bolsheviks ) in 1930 . As many like him , Kirilenko climbed up the Soviet hierarchy through the `` industrial ladder '' ; by the 1960s , he was Vice-Chairman of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ) . After Nikita Khrushchev 's forced resignation , Kirilenko became Leonid Brezhnev 's `` chief lieutenant '' within the Central Committee .   His main objective was to ensure Brezhnev 's power base and , if possible , to strengthen Brezhnev 's position within the Party . He was the first organisational secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) from Khrushchev 's ouster to the death of Leonid Brezhnev . Kirilenko was responsible for personnel selection and detailed supervision of the economic planning of the CPSU during most of the Brezhnev Era . In 1976 , Brezhnev appointed Konstantin Chernenko to be his `` counterweight '' in the Central Committee ( CC ) . He became a member of the Political Bureau ( Politburo ) in 1965 . He was forced to resign from active politics due to health reasons and because Yuri Andropov was appointed to the General Secretaryship . When Andropov became General Secretary in 1982 , Kirilenko was pushed aside . He died on 12 May 1990 in Moscow .

neg: The Declaration of 46 The Declaration of 46 was a secret letter sent by a group of 46 leading Soviet communists to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party on 15 October 1923 . The declaration followed Leon Trotsky 's letter sent to the Politburo on 8 October and expressed similar concerns , thus laying the foundation for the Left Opposition within the Soviet Communist Party later that year .

neg: Decommunization in Russia Decommunization in Russia is the process of dealing with the communist legacies in terms of institutions and personnel that tends towards breaking with the Soviet past . Compared with the efforts of the other former constituents of the Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union , it has been restricted to half-measures , if conducted at all .   Notable anti-communist measures in the Russian Federation are the banning of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( and creating the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ) as well as the names of many Russian cities reverting to what they were before the 1917 October Revolution ( Leningrad to Saint Petersburg , Sverdlovsk to Yekaterinburg and Gorky to Nizhny Novgorod ) .   However , Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is gradually on the rise in Russia . Communist symbols continue to form an important part of the rhetoric used in state-controlled media as banning them is seen by the foreign ministry as `` sacrilege '' and `` a perverse idea of good and evil '' . The decommunization process in neighbouring Ukraine was also met with criticism by Russia , and Soviet war crimes continue to be regularly dismissed as `` Western myth '' .

neg: First Secretary of the Mari Communist Party The First Secretary of the Mari regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the Mari AO ( 1920 -- 1936 ) and the Mari ASSR ( 1936 -- 1991 ) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union . The position was created on February 24 , 1921 , and abolished on August 25 , 1991 . The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself .

neg: Romanian general election, 1922 General elections were held in Romania between 1 and 3 March 1922 . In the first stage between 1 and 3 March , seats in the Senate were elected . In the second stage between 5 and 7 March the Chamber of Deputies was elected , and in the third and final stage from 9 to 11 March , additional Senate seats were elected . The result was a victory for the governing National Liberal Party , which won 222 of the 372 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 111 of the 148 seats in the Senate .   Both houses were combined to form a Constitutional Assembly , which passed the 1923 constitution .

neg: Osip Piatnitsky Osip Aaronovitch Piatnitsky ( Осип Аронович Пятницкий 1882 -- 1938 ) , born Iosif Aronovich Tarshis , was a Russian revolutionary . Piatnitsky is best remembered as head of the International Department of the Communist International during the 1920s and early 1930s , a position which made him one of the leading public faces of the international Communist movement .

neg: Christian Rakovsky Christian Rakovsky ( -- September 11 , 1941 ) was a Bulgarian socialist revolutionary , a Bolshevik politician and Soviet diplomat ; he was also noted as a journalist , physician , and essayist . Rakovsky 's political career took him throughout the Balkans and into France and Imperial Russia ; for part of his life , he was also a Romanian citizen .   A lifelong collaborator of Leon Trotsky , he was a prominent activist of the Second International , involved in politics with the Bulgarian Social Democratic Union , Romanian Social Democratic Party , and the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party . Rakovsky was expelled at different times from various countries as a result of his activities , and , during World War I , became a founding member of the Revolutionary Balkan Social Democratic Labor Federation while helping to organize the Zimmerwald Conference . Imprisoned by Romanian authorities , he made his way to Russia , where he joined the Bolshevik Party after the October Revolution , and , as head of the Rumcherod , unsuccessfully attempted to generate a communist revolution in the Kingdom of Romania . Subsequently , he was a founding member of the Comintern , served as head of government in the Ukrainian SSR , and took part in negotiations at the Genoa Conference .   He came to oppose Joseph Stalin and rallied with the Left Opposition , being marginalized inside the government and sent as Soviet ambassador to London and Paris , where he was involved in renegotiating financial settlements . He was ultimately recalled from France in autumn 1927 , after signing his name to a controversial Trotskyist platform which endorsed world revolution . Credited with having developed the Trotskyist critique of Stalinism as `` bureaucratic centrism '' , Rakovsky was subject to internal exile . Submitting to Stalin 's leadership in 1934 and being briefly reinstated , he was nonetheless implicated in the Trial of the Twenty One ( part of the Moscow Trials ) , imprisoned , and executed by the NKVD during World War II . He was rehabilitated in 1988 , during the Soviet Glasnost period .

neg: Old Bolshevik Old Bolshevik ( ста́рый большеви́к , stary bolshevik ) , also Old Bolshevik Guard or Old Party Guard , became an unofficial designation for those who were members of the Bolshevik party before the Russian Revolution of 1917 . Many of the Old Guard were either tried and executed by the NKVD during the Great Purge of 1936 -- 38 or died under suspicious circumstances .   Vladimir Lenin expressed the opinion that what one could call the `` old party guard '' , a `` thinnest layer '' , had a `` huge , unshared prestige '' .   According to a 1972 Soviet book by D.A. Chygayev , in 1922 there were 44,148 Old Bolsheviks . Vadim Rogovin cites the statistics published by the 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party ( Bolsheviks ) , that in 1924 , of 600,000 Party members , 0.6 % joined before 1905 , 2 % joined in 1906 -- 1916 and < 9 % joined in 1917 .   Joseph Stalin removed many of the Old Bolsheviks from power during the Great Purge of the 1930s . ( The most prominent survivors in the Communist Party were Lazar Kaganovich , Vyacheslav Molotov , Kliment Voroshilov , Anastas Mikoyan , and Stalin himself . ) Some were executed for treason ; some were sent to labor camps ( the Gulag ) ; and a few , such as Alexandra Kollontai , went abroad as ambassadors , preventing them from participating in the central government . Many communist opponents of Stalin , most notably the Trotskyists , cite this fact in support of their argument that Stalin betrayed the aims of the revolution ; they believed in Permanent Revolution , while Stalin and his supporters believed in Socialism in One Country .   Various things in the Soviet Union , such as a publishing house , several steamships , motorboats , kolkhozes and settlements , gained the name Old Bolshevik .   The first prominent Old Bolshevik to die was Yakov Sverdlov in 1919 ; the last was Lazar Kaganovich in 1991 who also reached the greatest age .

neg: Soviet Armed Forces The Soviet Armed Forces , also called the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Armed Forces of the Soviet Union ( Russian : Вооружённые Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik , Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза ) refers to the armed forces of the Russian SFSR ( 1917 -- 1922 ) , and Soviet Union ( 1922 -- 1991 ) from their beginnings in the aftermath of the Russian Civil War to its dissolution in December 1991 .   According to the all-union military service law of September 1925 , the Soviet Armed Forces consisted of three components : the Ground Forces , the Air Forces , the Navy , the State Political Directorate ( OGPU ) , and the convoy guards . The OGPU was later made independent and amalgamated with the NKVD in 1934 , and thus its Internal Troops were under the joint management of the Defense and Interior Commisariats . After World War II the Strategic Missile Troops ( 1959 ) , Air Defence Forces ( 1948 ) and troops of the All-Union National Civil Defence Forces ( 1970 ) were added , standing first , third and sixth in the official Soviet reckoning of comparative importance ( with the Ground Forces being second , the Air Forces fourth , and the Navy fifth ) .

neg: Gestapo–NKVD conferences The Gestapo -- NKVD conferences were a series of security police meetings organized in late 1939 and early 1940 by Germany and the Soviet Union , following their joint invasion of Poland in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet alliance . The meetings enabled both parties to pursue specific goals and aims as outlined independently by Hitler and Stalin , with regard to the acquired , formerly Polish territories . The conferences were held by the Gestapo and the NKVD officials in several Polish cities . In spite of their differences on other issues , both Heinrich Himmler and Lavrentiy Beria had similar objectives as far as the fate of the prewar Poland was concerned .   The attack on Poland ended with the Nazi -- Soviet victory parade in Brześć , which was held on 22 September 1939 . Brześć was the location of the first Nazi-Soviet meeting organized on 27 September 1939 , in which the prisoner exchange was decided prior to the signing of mutual agreements in Moscow a day later . In the following month , the Gestapo and the NKVD met in Lwów to discuss the fate of civilian populations during radical reorganization of the annexed territories . They met again in occupied Przemyśl at the end of November , because Przemyśl was a border crossing between the two invaders . The next series of meetings began in December 1939 , a month after the first transfer of Polish prisoners of war . The conferences were held in occupied Kraków in the General Government on 6 -- 7 December 1939 ; and continued for the next two days in the resort town of Zakopane in the Tatra Mountains of southern Poland ( 100 km from Kraków ) on 8 -- 9 December 1939 . The Zakopane Conference is the most remembered . From the Soviet side , several higher officers of the NKVD secret police participated in the meetings , while the German hosts provided a group of experts from the Gestapo .

neg: All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee was a representative body of the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets . It was the supreme legislative , administrative , executive controlling state power of the Soviet Ukraine ( Ukrainian SSR ) between the sessions of the Congress of Soviets that acted between 1917 until 1938 . In the very beginning this institution was established as the Central Executive Committee of Soviet of Ukraine at the First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets in Kharkiv on December 24-25 , 1917 . At the same congress was elected the People 's Secretariat of Ukraine .   On March 19 , 1919 the committee issued a declaration , in which it passed most of its authority to the Sovnarkom of Ukraine at that time headed by Christian Rakovsky .

neg: Institute of Red Professors The Institute of Red Professors of the All-Union Communist Party ( Bolsheviks ) was an institute of graduate-level education in the Marxist social sciences located in the Orthodox Convent of the Passion , Moscow .   It was founded in February 1921 to address shortage of Marxist professors but only about 25 percent of its graduates continued an academic career ; most rather became activists of the Communist Party . At first it was under the jurisdiction of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and later under the Department for Agitation and Propaganda ( Agitprop ) . The studies lasted four years and students ( nicknamed ikapisty ) were required to write research papers , which were often published and represented a significant body of Marxist historical research . 236 students completed the course between 1924 and 1929 . In 1929 , there were 69 teachers at the institute , seven of whom were not members of the Communist Party . Its rectors were Mikhail Pokrovsky ( 1921 -- 31 ) and Pavel Yudin ( 1932 -- 38 ) . The institute was abolished in 1938 . The institute was integrated into a system of higher party schools of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union .

neg: Executive Committee of the Communist International The Executive Committee of the Communist International , commonly known by its acronym , ECCI ( Russian acronym ИККИ ) , was the governing authority of the Comintern between the World Congresses of that body . The ECCI was established by the Founding Congress of the Comintern in 1919 and was dissolved with the rest of the Comintern in May 1943 .

neg: 1922 Moscow Trial of Socialist Revolutionaries The Moscow Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries was one of the first show trials of the Soviet Union , beginning on June 8 , 1922 . The trial was part of a process that entailed eliminating all opposition in the nascent Bolshevik state . The trial stemmed from the failed Kerensky -- Krasnov uprising on October 29th , 1917 ( old style ) , when Alexander Kerensky attempted to overthrow the Soviet government that had just toppled him .   The previous years had witnessed the silencing of the Workers ' Opposition and the suppression of the Mensheviks , the other major proletarian party . The Socialist Revolutionaries had long been a nuisance to the Bolsheviks . The party enjoyed the support of the largest demographic of the old Tsarist Empire , the agrarian peasantry , whilst the Bolsheviks were primarily supported by the radical intelligentsia , with some , albeit small , representation amongst soldiers and workers . The dispersal of the Constituent Assembly in January 1918 was the first action Lenin took against the Socialist Revolutionaries . The results of the voting made it clear that the assembly would not be overwhelmingly Bolshevik , and Lenin decided that it was counterrevolutionary . Fanny Kaplan , Lenin 's would-be assassin , stated that her motive for the assassination was the dispersal of the assembly . The Brest-Litovsk Treaty of 1918 that ended hostilities between Germany and Russia was also a point of serious disagreement between the Bolsheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries .   There were 12 main defendants in the trial and SR coup participants gave evidence for the prosecution . Among the notable Bolsheviks playing a part in the trial were Nikolai Krylenko , who was the prosecutor for the state , and Nikolai Bukharin , who was part of the defense counsel . Bukharin had even participated in demonstrations organized by the authorities that were occurring throughout Moscow , and demanded the death penalty for the 12 defendants . At the very outset , Georgy Pyatakov announced that `` the court does not intend to handle the case from a dispassionate , objective point of view but would be guided solely by the interests of the Soviet Government . ''  The evidence against the accused included statements of former SR participants in the military coup attempt such as G. Semyonov , who joined the Bolsheviks in 1911 , and became an agent provocateur . The trial concluded with death sentences for the 12 and acquittal for those who gave evidence . Upon further review by the tribunal , the death sentences were commuted . It was believed by Trotsky at least , that if the sentences were carried out , their party brethren would carry out terrorist violence against the Bolshevik government .   All of the defendants and participants in the trial would eventually become victims in Stalin 's purges .

neg: Stalin Line The Stalin Line was a line of fortifications along the western border of the Soviet Union . Work began on the system in the 1920s to protect the USSR against attacks from the West . The line was made up of concrete bunkers and gun emplacements , somewhat similar to , but less elaborate than the Maginot Line . It was not a continuous line of defense along the entire border , but rather a network of fortified districts , meant to channel potential invaders along certain corridors .   In the aftermath of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact , with the westward expansion of the USSR in 1939 and 1940 into Poland , the Baltic , and Bessarabia , the decision was made to abandon the line in favour of constructing the Molotov Line further west , along the new border of the USSR . A number of Soviet generals felt that it would be better to keep both lines and to have a defence in depth , but this conflicted with the pre-World War II Soviet military doctrine .   Thus , the guns were removed , but were mostly in storage as the new line began construction . The 1941 Axis invasion caught the Soviets with the new line unfinished and the Stalin Line largely abandoned and in disrepair . Neither was thus of much use in stopping the onslaught , though parts of the Stalin Line were manned in time and contributed to the defense of the USSR .   Following World War II , the line was not maintained , in part due to its wide dispersal across the USSR . Unlike Western Europe , where similar fortifications were demolished for development and safety reasons , much of the line survived beyond the breakup of the USSR in 1991 due to being ignored . Today , the remains of the Stalin Line fortifications are located in Belarus , Russia , and Ukraine ( plus possibly the eastern parts of Moldova ) .

neg: Army General (Soviet rank) This article is about the Soviet OF9-rank `` general of the army '' , not to be mixed up to the Soviet general of the army ( Russia ) . For the equivalent OF9-rank in anglophone countries see general of the army .   General of the army ( Russian : генерал армии , general armii '' ) was a rank of the Soviet Union which was first established in June 1940 as a high rank for Red Army generals , inferior only to the marshal of the Soviet Union . In the following 51 years the Soviet Union created 133 generals of the army , 32 of whom were later promoted to the rank of marshal of the Soviet Union . It is a direct counterpart of the Russian Federation 's `` general of the army '' rank .

neg: Ministry of Health (Soviet Union) The Ministry of Health ( MOH ) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) , formed on 15 March 1946 , was one of the most important government offices in the Soviet Union . It was formerly ( until 1946 ) known as the People 's Commissariat for Health . The Ministry , at the all-Union level , was established on 6 July 1923 , after the signing of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR , and was , in turn , based upon the People 's Commissariat for Health of the RSFSR formed in 1917 . The Ministry was led by the Minister of Health , prior to 1946 a Commissar , who was nominated by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and confirmed by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet , and was a member of the Council of Ministers .

neg: First Secretary of the Chuvash Communist Party The First Secretary of the Chuvash regional branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the position of highest authority in the Chuvash AO ( 1920 -- 1925 ) and the Chuvash ASSR ( 1925 -- 1991 ) in the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union . The position was created on October 8 , 1920 , and abolished in August 1991 . The First Secretary was a de facto appointed position usually by the Politburo or the General Secretary himself .