query: Cry Freedom was shot in Africa.

pos: Cry Freedom Cry Freedom is a 1987 British epic drama film directed by Richard Attenborough , set in late-1970s apartheid era South Africa . The screenplay was written by John Briley based on a pair of books by journalist Donald Woods . The film centres on the real-life events involving black activist Steve Biko and his friend Donald Woods , who initially finds him destructive , and attempts to understand his way of life . Denzel Washington stars as Biko , while actor Kevin Kline portrays Woods . Cry Freedom delves into the ideas of discrimination , political corruption , and the repercussions of violence .   The film was primarily shot on location in Zimbabwe and in Kenya due to political turmoil in South Africa at the time of production . As a film showing mostly in limited cinematic release , it was nominated for multiple awards , including Academy Award nominations for Best Actor in a Supporting Role , Best Original Score , and Best Original Song . It also won a number of awards including those from the Berlin International Film Festival and the British Academy Film Awards .   A joint collective effort to commit to the film 's production was made by Universal Pictures and Marble Arch Productions . It was commercially distributed by Universal Pictures cinematically , and by MCA Home Video for home media . Cry Freedom premiered in cinemas nationwide in the United States on 6 November 1987 grossing $ 5,899,797 in domestic ticket receipts . The film was at its widest release showing in 479 cinemas nationwide . It was generally met with positive critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas .

pos: Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( -LSB- zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is Harare . A country of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used .   Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations -- which it withdrew from in 2003 . It is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) .   Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987 . Under Mugabe 's authoritarian regime , the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations . Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era , blaming Zimbabwe 's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries , while still executing conservative policies . Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials , contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe , though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him `` a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator '' .

pos: Kenya Kenya ( -LSB- ˈkɛnjə -RSB- -LSB- ˈkɛɲa -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Kenya , is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community ( EAC ) . Its capital and largest city is Nairobi . Kenya 's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana ( formerly called Lake Rudolf ) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean . It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest , Uganda to the west , South Sudan to the north-west , Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east . Kenya covers 581309 km2 , and had a population of approximately 48 million people in January 2017 .   Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline . The climate is cooler in the savannah grasslands around the capital city , Nairobi , and especially closer to Mount Kenya , which has snow permanently on its peaks . Further inland are highlands in Central and Rift Valley regions where tea and coffee are grown as cash crops which are major foreign revenue earners . In the West are Nyanza and Western regions , there is an equatorial , hot and dry climate which becomes humid around Lake Victoria , the largest tropical fresh-water lake in the world . This gives way to temperate and forested hilly areas in the neighbouring western region . The north-eastern regions along the border with Somalia and Ethiopia are arid and semi-arid areas with near-desert landscapes . Kenya is known for its world class athletes in track and field and rugby . Thanks to its diverse climate and geography , expansive wildlife reserves and national parks such as the East and West Tsavo National Park , Amboseli National Park , Maasai Mara , Lake Nakuru National Park , Aberdares National Park and white sand beaches at the Coastal region , Kenya is home to the modern safari and has several world heritage sites such as Lamu and numerous beaches , including in Diani , Bamburi and Kilifi , where international yachting competitions are held every year .   The African Great Lakes region , which Kenya is a part of , has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period . By the first millennium AD , the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa . The borders of the modern state consequently comprise the crossroads of the Niger-Congo , Nilo-Saharan and Afroasiatic areas of the continent , representing most major ethnolinguistic groups found in Africa . Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97 % of the nation 's residents . European and Arab presence in coastal Mombasa dates to the Early Modern period ; European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century . The British Empire established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895 , which starting in 1920 gave way to the Kenya Colony . Kenya obtained independence in December 1963 . Following a referendum in August 2010 and adoption of a new constitution , Kenya is now divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties , governed by elected governors .   The capital , Nairobi , is a regional commercial hub . The economy of Kenya is the largest by GDP in East and Central Africa . Agriculture is a major employer ; the country traditionally exports tea and coffee and has more recently begun to export fresh flowers to Europe . The service industry is also a major economic driver . Additionally , Kenya is a member of the East African Community trading bloc .

neg: My Dream – African Sounds My Dream -- African Sounds is a 2008 release by the South African groups Ladysmith Black Mambazo and the SABC Choir . It was released on 30 September 2008 . The album is a collaboration of both isicathamiya and choral music .   My Dream -- African Sounds features songs composed by Mambazo founder , lead singer , and director Joseph Shabalala , and leader of the SABC Choir Thulasizwe Nkabinde . Original Mambazo songs ( such as `` Iqome Kanjani '' , `` Shintsha Sithothobala '' , and `` Angimboni Ofana Naye '' ) as well as SABC Choir standards ( like `` Plea for Africa '' , `` Uhembelinye '' , and `` Buya Lindiwe '' ) are included on the album , which melds both Zulu vocal music ( isicathamiya ) -- made famous by Mambazo -- and gospel choral musics by having both groups sing each song together . The one exception is `` Okuhle Hle '' , sung entirely by Mambazo .   The album came together when Mambazo were on tour in the US in March 2007 ; South African Broadcasting Corporation executive Joyce Dube saw the group in a New York City performance and approached them with the idea of recording a gospel/traditional album with the SABC Choir . Arrangements were made , and the album began to come together a year later in the South African Downtown Studios .

neg: FilmAid International FilmAid International is a non-profit humanitarian organization that uses film to educate and entertain displaced people around the world . FilmAid was founded during the Balkan crisis in 1999 by producer Caroline Baron ( Capote , Monsoon Wedding ) to assist with refugee communities in Macedonia suffering the effects of war , poverty , displacement and disaster .  Since 1999 , FilmAid has worked in partnership with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) and other global aid organizations to help bring information and training to more than two million people worldwide .  FilmAid produces and distributes community-based films on public health and safety issues such as maternal health , HIV , cholera , gender-based violence and conflict resolution .  Using inflatable screens and other ` Mobile Cinema ' units , FilmAid screenings aims to overcome language and literacy boundaries .  FilmAid currently works in Kenya , in the large refugee camps of Dadaab and Kakuma as well as informal settlements in Nairobi and Mombassa , with Burmese refugees in Thailand and also in Haiti .  FilmAid is a global federation of nonprofit , charitable organizations . Members include FilmAid International ( the founding organization ) , FilmAid Asia , FilmAid Kenya , and FilmAid U.K.

neg: Bamako (film) Bamako is a 2006 film directed by Abderrahmane Sissako , first released at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May and in Manhattan by New Yorker Films on 14 February 2007 .   The film depicts a trial taking place in Bamako , the capital of Mali , amid the daily life that is going on in the city . In the midst of that trial , two sides argue whether the World Bank and International Monetary Fund are guided by special interest of developed nations , or whether it is corruption and the individual nations ' mismanagement , that is guilty of the current financial state of many poverty-stricken African countries as well as the rest of the poor undeveloped world .   Danny Glover , one of the film 's executive producers , also guest-stars as an actor in a Western film ( called Death in Timbuktu ) that some children are watching on the television in one scene .

neg: Uhuru (band) Uhuru ( Swahili : freedom ) is a South African musical group best known for producing the hit single `` Khona '' performed by Mafikizolo . Signed to Kalawa Jazmee , the band consists of Themba Sekowe ( Maphorisa ) , Nqobile Mahlanu ( Mapiano ) , Sihle Dlalisisa ( DJ Clap ) and Xelimpilo Simelane ( Xeli ) .

neg: Republic of Cabinda The Republic of Cabinda ( Ibinda : Kilansi kia cabinda ; República de Cabinda ) is an unrecognized state in southern Africa . The Front for the Liberation of the State of Cabinda-Exercito de Cabinda ( FLEC ) claims sovereignty from Angola and proclaimed the Republic of Cabinda as an independent country in 1975 . The government of this ( internationally not recognized ) entity operates in exile , with offices located in Paris , France and Pointe Noire , Congo-Brazzaville .   The 1885 Treaty of Simulambuco designated Cabinda a Portuguese protectorate known as the Portuguese Congo , which was administratively separate from Portuguese West Africa ( Angola ) . In the 20th century , Portugal decided to integrate Cabinda into Angola , giving it the status of a district of that `` overseas province '' . During the Portuguese Colonial War , FLEC fought for the independence of Cabinda from the Portuguese . Independence was proclaimed on 1 August 1975 , and FLEC formed a provisional government led by Henriques Tiago . Luiz Branque Franque was elected president .   In January 1975 , Angola 's three national liberation movements ( People 's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) , National Liberation Front of Angola ( FNLA ) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( UNITA ) ) met with the colonial power in Alvor , Portugal , to establish the modalities of the transition to independence . FLEC was not invited . The Alvor Agreement was signed , establishing Angolan independence and confirming Cabinda as part of Angola . After Angolan independence was declared in November 1975 , Cabinda was occupied by the forces of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) , which had been present in Cabinda since the mid-1960s , sustaining an anti-colonial guerrilla war that was rather more efficient than the one run by FLEC .   For much of the 1970s and 1980s , FLEC fought a low-intensity guerrilla war , attacking the troops of what was by then the People 's Republic of Angola , led by the MPLA . FLEC 's tactics included attacking economic targets and kidnapping foreign employees working in the province 's oil and construction businesses . In July 2006 , after ceasefire negotiations , António Bento Bembe -- as president of the Cabindan Forum for Dialogue and Peace , vice-president and executive secretary of FLEC -- announced that the Cabindan separatist forces were ready to declare a ceasefire . A peace treaty was signed . FLEC-FAC from Paris contends Bembe had no authority or mandate to negotiate with the Angolans and that the only acceptable solution is total independence .

neg: Media for Development International Media for Development International is an American 501 ( c ) 3 non-profit company founded in 1989 . MFDI produces and distributes dramatic African social-message films ( `` Edutainment '' or `` Entereducate '' ) for African audiences on issues such as AIDS , teenage sexuality , teenage pregnancy , women 's issues and general health . Much of MFDI 's best known work was done in Zimbabwe between the years of 1990 and 2000 . Branch offices are in Tanzania and Zimbabwe .

neg: Mozambique (song) `` Mozambique '' is a song written by Bob Dylan and Jacques Levy that was originally released on Dylan 's 1976 album Desire . It was also released as a single and reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 .   At the time of the song 's release , the titular country of Mozambique had just emerged from a ten-year insurgency war against Portugal which led to Mozambique 's independence . As a result , some left wing supporters wanted to see the song as lending support to the newly independent country . However , the lyrics of the song do n't support such an interpretation , being slight and treating the country as merely a place for a romantic getaway in the sun , apart from a fleeting reference to `` people living free '' . This angered some of Dylan 's fans . Music critic Paul Williams suggests that `` Mozambique '' may have had its genesis in Dylan 's desire to write a song about Marseilles .   The melody received more praise than the lyrics . Robert Shelton describes the tune as `` playful . '' Authors Oliver Trager and John Nogowski both describe the melody as `` great '' and particularly praise the violin playing of Scarlet Rivera .   Author Oliver Trager describes `` Mozambique '' as `` a light love song with lighter political overtones . '' Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine calls it `` effervescent '' and `` Dylan at his breeziest . '' Paul Williams considers `` Mozambique '' to be one of several songs on Desire with `` wonderful , inventive , pleasure-giving '' music which nonetheless fails to reach the intensity and unity of the other songs because the lyrics are `` a little too vague , too clever '' and `` too distanced . '' Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin considers the song to be a `` ditty dredged up from the bottom of the barrel , '' `` ghastly '' and `` the weakest song on Desire . ''   `` Mozambique '' was also released as a single as a follow up to the Top 40 hit `` Hurricane '' and it reached # 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Heylin suggests that Dylan may have released it as a single over songs fans might have preferred -- particularly `` Sara '' -- to spite fans who criticized the song for its slight lyrics trivializing the conflict in Mozambique . The song also appeared on the compilation album Masterpieces . A live performance was included in the television special Hard Rain but not on the associated album .

neg: Sahara International Film Festival The Sahara International Film Festival , also known as FiSahara , is an annual event which takes place in the Sahrawi refugee camps , at the South West corner of Algeria , near the border with Western Sahara . It is the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp . The first three years the festival was held alternately in the Wilaya of Smara , Wilaya of Ausserd and Wilaya of El Aaiun , but since 2007 the FiSahara had stayed in the Wilaya of Dakhla . The event is backed by the Polisario Front , but largely organised and funded by donors from Spain , the former colonial power in Western Sahara , attracting support from Spanish film celebrities as Penélope Cruz , Javier Bardem and Pedro Almodóvar . This Festival is an initiative to bring film as an entertainment and cultural form to the thousands of Sahrawis whose community has lived for more than thirty years in relative isolation in the Algerian desert , being the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp .  The first festival was in large part organised by Peruvian film director Javier Corcuera .   The festival has the two-fold aim of providing cultural entertainment and educational opportunities to refugees , and of raising awareness of the plight of the Sahrawi people , who have been exiled from their native Western Sahara for more than three decades . Western Sahara , `` Africa 's last colony , '' was given to Morocco and Mauritania by the Spanish when they withdrew in 1976 . The Moroccans subsequently annexed the entire territory in 1979 , in defiance of a ruling from the International Court of Justice . A sixteen-year war ensued between the Moroccans and the native Sahrawi independence movement , the Polisario Front . Under the terms of a 1991 UN ceasefire agreement , a referendum for self-determination was promised , but has been blocked by Morocco . In the meantime an estimated 165,000 refugees continue to live in four large camps in the inhospitable Algerian desert .   Home to around 30,000 refugees , Dakhla is the most remote of the camps , located 175 km away from the nearest city , Tindouf . It has no electricity or paved roads and is dependent on outside supplies of food and water .   Musicians like Fermín Muguruza , Manu Chao , Macaco , Iván Ferreiro , El Chojin or Tomasito had also performed in concerts during the festival .   In 2010 , a twinning agreement was signed between the FiSahara and the San Sebastian Human Rights Film Festival .

neg: Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness .   In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained :   `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' .   When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers .  There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere .   Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues .   What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . ''   Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad .   The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana .   The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance .   The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .

neg: Mozambique Mozambique ( -LSB- moʊzæmˈbiːk -RSB- or -LSB- mɔːzæmˈbiːk -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Mozambique ( Moçambique or República de Moçambique , -LSB- rɛˈpublikɐ dɨ musɐ̃ˈbikɨ -RSB- ) is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east , Tanzania to the north , Malawi and Zambia to the northwest , Zimbabwe to the west , and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest . It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east . The capital and largest city is Maputo ( known as `` Lourenço Marques '' before independence ) .   Between the 1st and 5th centuries AD , Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from farther north and west . Swahili ( and later Arab ) commercial ports existed along the coasts until the arrival of Europeans . The area was explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and colonised by Portugal from 1505 . The country was an important place where Somali merchants enslaved the local population , starting what is now known as the Somali slave trade . After over four centuries of Portuguese rule , Mozambique gained independence in 1975 , becoming the People 's Republic of Mozambique shortly thereafter . After only two years of independence , the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992 . In 1994 , Mozambique held its first multiparty elections and has remained a relatively stable presidential republic . However , since 2013 , following more than 20 years of peace , a renewed insurgency by RENAMO has been occurring .   Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world . Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources . The country 's economy is based largely on agriculture , but industry is growing , mainly food and beverages , chemical manufacturing , and aluminium and petroleum production . The country 's tourism sector is also growing . South Africa is Mozambique 's main trading partner and source of foreign direct investment . Belgium , Brazil , Portugal , and Spain are also among the country 's most important economic partners . Since 2001 , Mozambique 's annual average GDP growth has been among the world 's highest . However , the country ranks among the lowest in GDP per capita , human development , measures of inequality , and average life expectancy .   The only official language of Mozambique is Portuguese , which is spoken mostly as a second language by about half of the population . Common native languages include Makhuwa , Sena , and Swahili . The country 's population of around 24 million is composed overwhelmingly of Bantu people . The largest religion in Mozambique is Christianity , with significant minorities following Islam and African traditional religions . Mozambique is a member of the African Union , the Commonwealth of Nations , the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , the Latin Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , and the Southern African Development Community , and is an observer at La Francophonie .

neg: Africa segreta Africa segreta is an Italian documentary film , released in 1969 .

neg: The Wild Geese The Wild Geese is a 1978 British adventure film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen about a group of mercenaries in Africa . It stars Richard Burton , Roger Moore , Richard Harris , and Hardy Krüger . The film was the result of a long-held ambition of its producer Euan Lloyd to make an all-star adventure film similar to The Guns of Navarone or Where Eagles Dare . The same producer and director were later responsible for The Sea Wolves .   The screenplay by Reginald Rose was based on an unpublished novel titled The Thin White Line by Daniel Carney . The film was named The Wild Geese after the Wild Goose flag and shoulder patch used by Michael `` Mad Mike '' Hoare 's Five Commando , ANC , which in turn was inspired by a 17th-century Irish mercenary army ( see Flight of the Wild Geese ) . Carney 's novel was subsequently published by Corgi Books under the same title as the film .   The novel was based upon rumours and speculation following the 1968 landing of a mysterious aeroplane in Rhodesia , which was said to have been loaded with mercenaries and `` an African president '' believed to have been a dying Moïse Tshombe .

neg: North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) .   The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region .   North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since .   The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world .   Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .

neg: Big Brother Africa 3 Big Brother Africa 3 is the third series of the Big Brother Africa reality television show produced by Endemol . The series began airing on August 24 , 2008 and run 91 days ending November 23 , 2008 .  As with the previous series , the show involves 12 countries within Africa ( Angola , Botswana , Ghana , Kenya , Malawi , Namibia , Nigeria , South Africa , Tanzania , Uganda , Zambia & Zimbabwe ) each producing a contestant living in an isolated house in Johanneburg , South Africa , while trying to avoid being evicted by viewers and ultimately winning a large cash prize at the end of the show . The show is filmed in a house at Sasani Studios in Lyndhurst , Johannesburg . This season marks the closest vote in the history of the Big Brother series in Africa .

neg: Gandhi (film) Gandhi is a 1982 British-Indian epic biographical drama film which dramatises the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , the leader of India 's non-violent , non-cooperative independence movement against the United Kingdom 's rule of the country during the 20th century . Gandhi was written by John Briley and produced and directed by Richard Attenborough . It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role . The film covers Gandhi 's life from a defining moment in 1893 , as he is thrown off a South African train for being in a whites-only compartment , and concludes with his assassination and funeral in 1948 . Although a practising Hindu , Gandhi 's embracing of other faiths , particularly Christianity and Islam , is also depicted .   Gandhi was released in India on 30 November 1982 , in the United Kingdom on 3 December , and in the United States on 10 December . It was nominated for Academy Awards in eleven categories , winning eight , including Best Picture and Best Director for Attenborough , Best Actor for Ben Kingsley , and Best Original Screenplay for Briley . The film was screened retrospective on 12 August 2016 as the Opening Film at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense , commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day . The screenplay of Gandhi is available as a published book .

neg: Africa Texas Style Africa Texas Style is a 1967 British adventure film directed by Andrew Marton and starring John Mills , Hugh O'Brian and Nigel Green . The plot follows two American cowboys who are hired by a British rancher to oversee his estate in Kenya . Shot on location in Africa and Florida , this film led to the TV show Cowboy in Africa starring Chuck Connors . The opening scene of the film includes a cameo appearance by star Mills ' equally famous actress-daughter Hayley Mills .

neg: Spirit of Africa Spirit of Africa is the first studio album by African traditional and contemporary male voice choir Kenyan Boys Choir . As of July 2009 , one single has been released : `` Homeless '' . All tracks were recorded in the city of Nairobi , Kenya .

neg: Cinema of Kenya The cinema of Kenya refers to the film industry of Kenya . Although a very small industry in western comparison , Kenya has produced or been a location for film since the early 1950s when Men Against the Sun was filmed in 1952 . Although , in the United States , jungle epics that were set in the country were shot in Hollywood as early as the 1940s .

neg: Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle .   Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . ''   Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position .   Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .

neg: Cinema of Africa African cinema is film production in Africa . It dates back to the early 20th century , when film reels were the primary cinematic technology in use . The Nigerian film industry is the largest in Africa in terms of value , number of annual films , revenue and popularity . It is also the second and third largest national film industry in the world , based on the number of annual films and revenue respectively .


query: The Avengers (2012 film) features Robert Downey Jr.

pos: The Avengers (2012 film) Marvel 's The Avengers ( classified under the name Marvel Avengers Assemble in the United Kingdom and Ireland ) , or simply The Avengers , is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sixth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. , Chris Evans , Mark Ruffalo , Chris Hemsworth , Scarlett Johansson , Jeremy Renner , Tom Hiddleston , Clark Gregg , Cobie Smulders , Stellan Skarsgård , and Samuel L. Jackson . In the film , Nick Fury , director of the peacekeeping organization S.H.I.E.L.D. , recruits Iron Man , Captain America , the Hulk , and Thor to form a team that must stop Thor 's brother Loki from subjugating Earth .   The film 's development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005 . After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008 , Marvel announced that The Avengers would be released in July 2011 . With the signing of Johansson in March 2009 , the film was pushed back for a 2012 release . Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the original screenplay by Zak Penn. . Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque , New Mexico , before moving to Cleveland , Ohio , in August and New York City in September . The film was converted to 3D in post-production .   The Avengers premiered on April 11 , 2012 , at Hollywood 's El Capitan Theatre and was released theatrically in the United States on May 4 , 2012 . The film received positive reviews from critics , as well as numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award and BAFTA nominations for achievements in visual effects . It has set or tied numerous box office records , including the biggest opening weekend in North America . The Avengers grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide , and became the third-highest-grossing film during its theatrical run -- as well as the first Marvel production to generate $ 1 billion in ticket sales . The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on September 25 , 2012 . A sequel , titled Avengers : Age of Ultron , was released on May 1 , 2015 , while two additional sequels , Avengers : Infinity War and an untitled sequel , are currently in development , with Infinity War scheduled for a May 4 , 2018 release date , and its sequel scheduled to be released on May 3 , 2019 .

neg: Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .

neg: Dressed to Kill (The Avengers) Dressed to Kill is the fourteenth episode of the third series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers , starring Patrick Macnee and Honor Blackman . It originally aired on ABC on 28 December 1963 . The episode was directed by Bill Bain and written by Brian Clemens .

neg: Robert Hegyes Robert Hegyes ( pronounced Hedges ; May 7 , 1951 -- January 26 , 2012 ) was an American actor best known for his portrayal of high school student Juan Epstein on the 1970s American sitcom Welcome Back , Kotter and as detective Manny Esposito on the 1980s American crime drama Cagney & Lacey .

neg: Dance with Death (The Avengers) Dance with Death is the twelfth episode of the first series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers , starring Ian Hendry and Patrick Macnee and guest starring Caroline Blakiston , Angela Douglas and Geoffrey Palmer . It originally aired on ABC on 15 April 1961 . The episode is considered to be lost . The episode was directed by Don Leaver , designed by James Goddard , and written by Peter Ling and Sheilah Ward .

neg: Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 .   Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography .   Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups .   Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .

neg: The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures .   The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre .   Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey .   Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .

neg: The Theory of Everything (2014 film) The Theory of Everything is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama film directed by James Marsh and adapted by Anthony McCarten from the memoir Travelling to Infinity : My Life with Stephen by Jane Wilde Hawking , which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband , theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking , his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS , also known as Lou Gehrig 's disease or motor neurone disease ) , and his success in physics .   The film stars Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones with Charlie Cox , Emily Watson , Simon McBurney , Christian McKay , Harry Lloyd and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2014 .   The film was acclaimed critically worldwide , with praise for the musical score , cinematography and the performance of Felicity Jones and especially Eddie Redmayne , which earned him nominations for a variety of accolades in award shows and film festivals , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . The film received four Golden Globe Award nominations , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson . It received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations , winning one for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne . It received 10 British Academy Film Awards nominations and won Outstanding British Film , Best Leading Actor ( for Redmayne ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( for McCarten ) .

neg: Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely are a duo of American screenwriters and producers . They are known for their work in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , having written the three Captain America films ( The First Avenger , The Winter Soldier , and Civil War ) , Thor : The Dark World , and will be writing Avengers : Infinity War and its untitled sequel ; and having created the Agent Carter TV series . They are also the screenwriters of The Chronicles of Narnia film franchise .   They made their screenwriting debut in 2004 with The Life and Death of Peter Sellers , for which they won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries , Movie or a Dramatic Special . They also wrote the films You Kill Me and Pain & Gain .

neg: Steve Starkey Steve Starkey is an American film producer and second unit director who is widely associated with Robert Zemeckis . He served as an assistant film editor for both The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) .

neg: Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles .   Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems .   Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .

neg: Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) .   Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .

neg: 38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films .   The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each .   In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards .   Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .

neg: Avengers vs. X-Men Avengers vs. X-Men ( abbreviated AvX and AvsX ) is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The event , consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books , involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men . The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012 , and features a storyline by Jason Aaron , Brian Michael Bendis , Ed Brubaker , Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction , with a rotating team of artists including John Romita , Jr. , Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert .   The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series Avengers : X-Sanction by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and Avengers vs. X-Men # 0 . Avengers vs. X-Men also ties into the limited series AVX : VS , described as `` the fight book '' which expands upon many of the one-on-one battles featured in the main series , the digital series ; Avengers vs. X-Men : Infinite , and into a number of ongoing series including Avengers , Avengers Academy , New Avengers , Secret Avengers , Uncanny X-Men , Wolverine and the X-Men and X-Men : Legacy . The event was succeeded by the limited series AvX : Consequences .   Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , Avengers vs. X-Men was a commercial success that topped the comic-book sales charts from April to October 2012 . The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quos of the Marvel Universe presented in the company 's Marvel NOW ! relaunch initiative .

neg: Clint Eastwood at the 2012 Republican National Convention On Thursday , August 30 , 2012 , American actor and director Clint Eastwood gave a speech at the Republican National Convention . Eastwood had endorsed Mitt Romney for the 2012 United States presidential election earlier that month , and spent much of his speech 's running time on a largely improvised routine in which he addressed an empty chair that represented President Barack Obama . The speech , broadcast in a prime time slot , was viewed live by around 30 million Americans . It generated many responses and much discussion .

neg: Bob Anderson (fencer) Robert James Gilbert `` Bob '' Anderson ( 15 September 1922 -- 1 January 2012 ) was a British Olympic fencer , and a renowned film fight choreographer , with a cinema career that spanned more than 50 years and included films such as Highlander , The Princess Bride , The Mask of Zorro , The Lord of the Rings , and Die Another Day . He was regarded as the premier choreographer of Hollywood sword-fighting , and during his career he coached many actors in swordsmanship , including Errol Flynn , Sean Connery , Antonio Banderas , Viggo Mortensen , Adrian Paul , and Johnny Depp . He also appeared as a stunt double for Darth Vader 's lightsaber battles in The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi .

neg: Thor: The Mighty Avenger (toy line) Thor : The Mighty Avenger is a toy line manufactured by Hasbro based on the Marvel Comics film , Thor . It is composed mainly of 3.75 '' scale action figures .   The line falls under Marvel 's `` Avengers Assemble '' marketing banner , which will also include the Iron Man : The Armored Avenger and Captain America : The First Avenger toy lines . This will be used as a lead up to 2012 's The Avengers motion picture .   Unlike previous 3.75 '' action figure lines based on movies , Hasbro is not doing a comic series with this line . All of the figures will be based on the movie . This official street date for the line is March 1 , though some stores have started selling the toys in early February .

neg: Black Hawk Down (film) Black Hawk Down is a 2002 American war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott . The screenplay by Ken Nolan is adapted from the non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden , which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in The Philadelphia Inquirer chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid and the ensuing firefight , known as the Battle of Mogadishu .   The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Jason Isaacs , Tom Hardy , and Sam Shepard . It won two Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards . Although it was received positively by critics , the film was strongly criticized by a number of groups and military officials .   In 2009 , an extended cut of the film was released on DVD . The cut contained an additional 8 minutes of footage increasing the running time to 152 minutes . This extended cut has yet to be released on Blu-Ray .

neg: Mandrake (The Avengers) Mandrake is the eighteenth episode of the third series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers , starring Patrick Macnee and Honor Blackman . It originally aired on ABC on 25 January 1964 . The episode was directed by Bill Bain and written by Roger Marshall .


query: Alex Rodriguez played his first season in the MLB for the Mariners.

pos: Alex Rodriguez Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez ( born July 27 , 1975 ) , nicknamed `` A-Rod '' , is a Dominican-American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman . He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Texas Rangers , and New York Yankees . Rodriguez was one of the sport 's most highly touted prospects and is considered one of the greatest baseball players of all time . During his 22-year career , Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average , 696 home runs , over 2,000 runs batted in ( RBI ) , over 2,000 runs scored , and over 3,000 hits . He is a 14-time All-Star and has won three American League ( AL ) Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Awards , ten Silver Slugger Awards , and two Gold Glove Awards . Rodríguez is the career record holder for grand slams with 25 . However , he has led a highly controversial career due to signing two of the most lucrative sports contracts in history while incurring criticism from the media for his behavior and use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs .   The Mariners selected Rodriguez first overall in the 1993 MLB draft , and he debuted in the major leagues the following year at the age of 18 . In 1996 , he became the Mariners ' starting shortstop and finished second in voting for the AL MVP Award . Rodriguez 's combination of power , speed , and defense made him a cornerstone of the franchise , but he left the team via free agency after the 2000 season to join the Rangers . The 10-year , $ 252 million contract he signed was the richest in baseball history . He played at a high level in his three years with Texas , highlighted by his first AL MVP Award win in 2003 , but the team failed to make the playoffs during his tenure . Prior to the 2004 season , Rodriguez was traded to the Yankees , for whom he converted to a third baseman due to incumbent shortstop Derek Jeter . In his first four seasons with New York , he was twice more named AL MVP . After opting out of his contract following the 2007 season , Rodriguez signed a new 10-year , $ 275 million deal with the Yankees , extending his record for the sport 's most lucrative contract . He became the youngest player ever to hit 500 home runs , reaching the milestone in 2007 . He won his first World Series in 2009 , which was the first year of the new Yankee Stadium . The following year , he became the career leader in home runs by a player of Hispanic descent . In recent years , Rodriguez has been hampered by hip and knee injuries , which have caused him to exclusively become a designated hitter . He played his final game as a Yankee on August 12 , 2016 .   In February 2009 , after previously denying use of performance-enhancing drugs , including during a 2007 interview with Katie Couric on 60 Minutes , Rodriguez admitted to using steroids , saying he used them from 2001 to 2003 when playing for Rangers due to `` an enormous amount of pressure '' to perform . While recovering from a hip injury in 2013 , Rodriguez made headlines by feuding with team management over his rehabilitation and for having allegedly obtained performance-enhancing drugs as part of the Biogenesis baseball scandal . In August 2013 , MLB suspended him 211 games for his involvement in the scandal , but he was allowed to play while appealing the punishment . Had the original suspension been upheld , it would have been the longest non-lifetime suspension in Major League Baseball history . After an arbitration hearing , the suspension was reduced to 162 games , keeping him off the field for the entire 2014 season .

neg: Jesse Hahn Jesse Allen Hahn ( born July 30 , 1989 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played in MLB for the San Diego Padres .

neg: Jim Maler James Michael Maler ( born August 16 , 1958 in New York City ) is a former first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Seattle Mariners from to .   He was tall and he weighed 230 pounds .

neg: Alexei Ramírez Alexei Fernando Ramírez Rodriguez ( born September 22 , 1981 ) is a Cuban professional baseball shortstop who is a free agent . He has played for the Chicago White Sox , San Diego Padres and Tampa Bay Rays in MLB and Pinar del Rio of the Cuban National Series . His nickname , given to him by former White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén , is `` The Cuban Missile '' due to his tall , slim physique and combination of speed , power , and strong throwing arm .

neg: Sergio Alfonso Rodríguez Sergio Alfonso Rodríguez Aguilera ( born November 26 , 1995 in Aguascalientes City , Aguascalientes ) is a professional Mexican footballer who currently plays for Club Atlas . He played his first game for the team on September 24 , 2016 .

neg: 2012 Miami Marlins season The 2012 Miami Marlins season was the 20th season for the Major League Baseball franchise . The Marlins moved into Marlins Park for the 2012 season ; as part of the agreement , they changed their name from the `` Florida Marlins '' to the `` Miami Marlins '' .

neg: Doug Fister Douglas Wildes Fister ( born February 4 , 1984 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher who plays for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Detroit Tigers , Washington Nationals and Houston Astros .   Fister bats left-handed , and throws right-handed . He was born in Merced , California and attended Golden Valley High School . He then attended Merced College , and later Fresno State University . He spent four seasons ( 2006 -- 2009 ) in the Seattle Mariners minor league organization before being promoted to their Major League roster in 2009 .

neg: Edwar Ramírez Edwar Emilio Ramírez ( born March 28 , 1981 ) is a former Dominican professional baseball pitcher . Ramírez appeared in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a relief pitcher for the New York Yankees ( 2007 -- 2009 ) and Oakland Athletics ( 2010 ) . After finding himself out of baseball in 2004 , Ramírez revitalized his career by developing an effective changeup .   Originally a member of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim organization , Ramírez pitched for the Angels only in minor league baseball . The Angels released Ramírez before the 2004 season . After spending the next year mastering a changeup , he spent parts of the following two seasons in independent league baseball . Ramírez signed with the Yankees in 2006 , and made his MLB debut the next season . Ramírez enjoyed success and popularity among the fan base during the 2007 and 2008 seasons . He struggled in 2009 , and pitched for the Athletics early in the 2010 season before returning to minor league baseball in the Athletics organization . He pitched in the Mexican League in 2011 .

neg: Pacific Coast League Manager of the Year Award The Pacific Coast League Manager of the Year Award is an annual award given to the best manager in minor league baseball 's Pacific Coast League . Managers from the 16 Pacific Coast League teams and media representatives in each city across the league vote for the winner of the award . In 1967 , Johnny Lipon won the first ever Pacific Coast League Manager of the Year Award . The only manager to have won the award on three occasions is Dan Rohn who won in 2001 , 2004 , and 2005 . Other managers with more than one award are Rocky Bridges , Jim Lefebvre , and Jimy Williams , each with two wins . Lefebvre ( 1985 and 1986 ) and Rohn ( 2004 and 2005 ) won the award in consecutive years .   Seven managers each from the California Angels/Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Major League Baseball ( MLB ) organizations have won the award , more than any others , followed by the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants organizations ( 5 ) ; the Chicago Cubs organization ( 4 ) ; the Cleveland Indians , Houston Astros , and Seattle Mariners organizations ( 3 ) ; the Minnesota Twins , Philadelphia Phillies , and Texas Rangers organizations ( 3 ) ; and the Arizona Diamondbacks , Milwaukee Brewers , New York Mets , Pittsburgh Pirates , San Diego Padres , and St. Louis Cardinals organizations ( 1 ) .

neg: Roger Bailey Charles Roger Bailey ( born October 3 , 1970 ) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher . He is an alumnus of Florida State University .   Drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the 3rd round of the 1992 MLB amateur draft , Bailey would make his Major League Baseball debut with the Colorado Rockies on April 27 , 1995 , and appeared in his final game on September 24 , 1997 .

neg: Ace (baseball) In baseball , an ace is the best starting pitcher on a team and nearly always the first pitcher in the team 's starting rotation . Barring injury or exceptional circumstances , an ace typically starts on Opening Day . In addition , aces are usually preferred to start crucial playoff games , sometimes on three days rest .   The term may be a derivation of the nickname of Asa Brainard , ( real first name : `` Asahel '' ) , a 19th-century star pitcher , who was sometimes referred to as `` Ace '' .   In the early days of baseball , the term `` ace '' was used to refer to a run .   A lot of modern baseball analysts and fans have started using the term `` ace '' to refer to the elite pitchers in the game , not necessarily to the best starting pitcher on each team . For example , the April 27 , 1981 Sports Illustrated cover was captioned `` The Amazing A 's and Their Five Aces '' to describe the starting rotation of the 1981 Oakland Athletics .

neg: 1990 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics ' 1990 season was their 23rd in Oakland , California . It was also the 90th season in franchise history . The team finished first in the American League West with a record of 103-59 .   The Athletics ' 1990 campaign ranks among the organization 's finest . Oakland , in winning 103 games , led the league outright in wins for a third consecutive season ; they remained the last major North American team to accomplish this until 2017 , when the feat was matched by the nearby Golden State Warriors of the NBA . The Athletics benefited from stellar performances in all areas of the game . The team 's offense was led by eventual Hall-of-Famer Rickey Henderson . Henderson finished the season with 65 stolen bases , 28 home runs , and a .325 batting average ; for his efforts , he took home the 1990 American League MVP Award . The Athletics also benefited from strong performances by superstars Mark McGwire and Jose Canseco . The pair clubbed 39 and 37 home runs , respectively ; in doing so , they drove in a combined total of 209 runs . Over the course of the season , the team added to an already strong offense ; the additions of recent All-Stars Willie Randolph , Willie McGee , and Harold Baines further widened the gap between the Athletics and the rest of the league . Established veterans ( such as Carney Lansford , Terry Steinbach , Dave Henderson , and Mike Gallego ) and promising young players ( mainly Walt Weiss and Mike Bordick ) rounded out arguably the deepest roster in all of Major League Baseball . Eight of the Athletics ' nine main postseason starters ( R. Henderson , McGwire , Canseco , McGee , Steinbach , Randolph , Baines , and Lansford ) played in at least one All-Star Game between 1988 and 1990 .   The Athletics pitching staff , in many regards , had an even stronger campaign . The starting rotation was led by veteran Bob Welch . Welch would finish the season with both an MLB-leading 27 wins and a 2.95 ERA ; this performance was strong enough to net the 1990 Cy Young Award . Welch , as of 2014 , remains the last MLB pitcher to win at least 25 games in a season . Fellow starter Dave Stewart , winner of 22 games , finished in a tie ( with Pittsburgh starter Doug Drabek ) for the second-most wins in MLB . 1989 All-Star Mike Moore , 1991 All-Star Scott Sanderson , and longtime Athletic Curt Young rounded out the American League 's top rotation . The Athletics ' bullpen was led by superstar closer Dennis Eckersley , who posted a microscopic 0.61 ERA while recording 48 saves . As a team , the Athletics allowed only 570 runs ( the fewest in the American League by a wide margin ) .   The Athletics easily won the American League West for a third consecutive season . They swept the Boston Red Sox , four games to none , in that year 's American League Championship series ; in doing so , they won a third consecutive American League pennant . The Athletics entered the 1990 World Series as heavy favorites . Despite this , however , they were themselves swept by the Cincinnati Reds . The Athletics have not reached the World Series since .

neg: Montreal Expos The Montreal Expos ( Les Expos de Montréal ) were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal , Quebec . The Expos were the first Major League Baseball ( MLB ) franchise located outside the United States . They played in the National League ( NL ) East Division from 1969 until 2004 . Following the 2004 season , the franchise relocated to Washington , D.C. , and became the Washington Nationals .   Immediately after the minor league Triple-A Montreal Royals folded in 1960 , political leaders in Montreal sought an MLB franchise , and when the National League evaluated expansion candidates for the 1969 season , it awarded a team to Montreal . Named after the Expo 67 World 's Fair , the Expos originally played at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977 . The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons . The team won its only division title in the strike-shortened season , but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series ( NLCS ) to the Los Angeles Dodgers . The team was sold in 1991 by its majority , founding owner , Charles Bronfman , to a consortium headed by Claude Brochu . Felipe Alou was promoted to the team 's field manager in 1992 , becoming MLB 's first Dominican-born manager . He led the team to four winning seasons , including , where the Expos had the best record in baseball before a players ' strike ended the season . Alou became the Expos leader in games managed ( 1409 ) .   The aftermath of the 1994 strike initiated a downward spiral as the Expos chose to sell off their best players , and attendance and interest in the team declined . Major League Baseball purchased the team prior to the 2002 season after the club failed to secure funding for a new ballpark . In their final two seasons , the team played 22 home games each year at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan , Puerto Rico . On September 29 , 2004 , MLB announced the franchise would relocate to Washington , D.C. for the season , and the Expos played their final home game in Montreal .   The Expos posted an all-time record of 2,753 wins , 2,943 losses and 4 ties during their 36 years in Montreal . Vladimir Guerrero led the franchise in both home runs and batting average , and Steve Rogers in wins and strikeouts . Three pitchers threw four no-hitters : Bill Stoneman ( twice ) , Charlie Lea , and Dennis Martínez , who pitched the 13th official perfect game in Major League Baseball history . The Expos retired four numbers in Montreal , and seven former members have been elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame , with Gary Carter and Andre Dawson 's plaques depicting them with Expos caps .

neg: 1997 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics ' 1997 season was the team 's 30th in Oakland , California . It was also the 97th season in franchise history . The team finished fourth in the American League West with a record of 65-97 .   The Athletics , coming off a surprising ( if still mediocre ) 78-84 campaign , hoped to reach the playoffs for the first time since 1992 . With this in mind , the team traded for slugger Jose Canseco . Canseco , who had played for the Athletics from 1986 to 1992 , was reunited with fellow superstar ( and fellow `` Bash Brother '' ) Mark McGwire . In addition to McGwire and Canseco , Oakland 's impressive collection of power hitters included Jason Giambi , Gerónimo Berroa , and Matt Stairs .   Little was done , however , to shore up the Athletics ' abysmal 1996 pitching staff . Ariel Prieto , owner of a 4.41 career ERA ( Earned Run Average ) , was named the Opening Day starter ; a succession of poorly regarded players filled out the rest of the starting rotation and bullpen . While optimism remained high for the team 's offense , great concern remained for its pitching staff .   In the end , Oakland 's offense and pitching both fared terribly . For the second consecutive year , no Athletics pitcher won ten or more games ; even worse , no starter won more than six . None of the team 's top four starters ( Ariel Prieto , Steve Karsay , Mike Oquist , and Dave Telgheder ) finished the season with an ERA of less than 5.00 ; the Athletics , as a team , finished with an earned run average of 5.48 ( easily the MLB 's worst ) . All told , the A 's allowed a season total of 946 runs . This remains the worst such figure in Oakland history .   More puzzling was the fate of the offense . Oakland , as expected , remained one of the league 's best power-hitting teams . The Athletics ' sluggers hit a total of 197 home runs ( third-most in the American League ) . Oakland 's home runs failed to generate much offense , however , as a low team batting average negated most of the team 's other advantages . Oakland scored a total of 764 runs in 1997 ( the 11th highest total in the American League ) .   These awful performances quickly removed the A 's from contention . On May 31 , they were already nine games out of first place ; their position steadily worsened throughout the summer . In light of this , General Manager Sandy Alderson traded Mark McGwire ( who , at the time , was on pace to break Roger Maris ' single-season home run record ) to the St. Louis Cardinals for T.J. Matthews , Blake Stein , and Eric Ludwick . McGwire would finish the season with 58 home runs ( four shy of breaking the record ) . The trade was a disaster on the Athletics ' end , as none of the three players received in the trade remained on the team by 2000 . The A 's ultimately finished twenty-five games behind the first-place Seattle Mariners . Their 65-97 finish ( the club 's worst since 1979 ) led to the removal of Sandy Alderson as General Manager on October 17 ; he was replaced by Billy Beane . Manager Art Howe , however , was retained for the 1998 season .   The 1997 season would ultimately prove to be the Athletics ' nadir . The continued rise of Jason Giambi , the debuts of Ben Grieve and Miguel Tejada , the acquisition of Tim Hudson in the 1997 MLB draft , and the ascension of Billy Beane to the position of General manager paved the way for a lengthy period of success from 1999 onwards .

neg: Vic Rodriguez Victor Manuel Rodriguez Rivera is a former professional baseball infielder . He played in Major League Baseball for the Baltimore Orioles in 1984 and the Minnesota Twins in 1989 , appearing in 17 games . He serves as the assistant hitting coach for the Boston Red Sox .

neg: Dillon Overton Dillon Ray Overton ( born August 17 , 1991 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Oakland Athletics .

neg: Román Rodríguez Román Rodríguez ( born March 30 , 1966 , in San Mateo , Venezuela ) is a scout for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim .

neg: 2001 American League Division Series The 2001 American League Division Series ( ALDS ) , the opening round of the 2001 American League playoffs , began on Tuesday , October 9 , and ended on Monday , October 15 , with the champions of the three AL divisions -- along with a `` wild card '' team -- participating in two best-of-five series . The teams were :   ( 1 ) Seattle Mariners ( Western Division champion , 116 -- 46 ) vs. ( 3 ) Cleveland Indians ( Central Division champion , 91 -- 71 ) : Mariners win series , 3 -- 2 .  ( 2 ) New York Yankees ( Eastern Division champion , 95 -- 65 ) vs. ( 4 ) Oakland Athletics ( Wild Card , 102 -- 60 ) : Yankees win series , 3 -- 2 .   The higher seed ( in parentheses ) had the home field advantage ( Games 1 , 2 and 5 at home ) , which was determined by playing record . Although the team with the best record was normally intended to play the wild card team , the Mariners played the Indians , rather than the wild card Athletics , because the Mariners and Athletics are in the same division .   The Seattle Mariners and New York Yankees went on to meet in the AL Championship Series ( ALCS ) . The Yankees became the American League champion , and lost to the National League champion Arizona Diamondbacks in the 2001 World Series .

neg: Manny Martínez (baseball) Manuel Martínez DeJesús ( born October 3 , 1970 ) is a Dominican former professional baseball outfielder . He played during four seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Seattle Mariners , Philadelphia Phillies , Pittsburgh Pirates , and Montreal Expos . He also played three seasons in the Korea Baseball Organization ( KBO ) for the Samsung Lions and LG Twins .   Martínez was signed by the Oakland Athletics as an amateur free agent in . Martinez played his first professional season with their Class A ( Short Season ) Southern Oregon A 's in , and his last season with the independent Atlantic League 's Long Island Ducks in . He played his last affiliated season in for the Florida Marlins ' Triple-A affiliate , the Calgary Cannons .

neg: 2002 Seattle Mariners season The Seattle Mariners 2002 season was their 26th since the franchise creation , and ended the season finishing 3rd in the American League West , finishing with a record of 93-69 .

neg: Luis Sardiñas Luis Alexander Sardiñas Avilez ( born May 16 , 1993 ) is a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder in the Baltimore Orioles organization . He made his MLB debut with the Texas Rangers during the 2014 season , and played for the Milwaukee Brewers in 2015 , the Seattle Mariners in 2016 , and the San Diego Padres in 2016 and 2017 .