query: Bruce Lee was only a professional martial artist and unable to act.

pos: Actor An actor ( often actress for females ; see terminology ) is a person who portrays a character in a performance . The actor performs `` in the flesh '' in the traditional medium of the theatre , or in modern mediums such as film , radio , and television . The analogous Greek term is , literally `` one who answers '' . The actor 's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played , whether based on a real person or fictional character . Interpretation occurs even when the actor is `` playing themselves '' , as in some forms of experimental performance art , or , more commonly ; to act , is to create , a character in performance .   Formerly , in some societies , only men could become actors , and women 's roles were generally played by men or boys . When used for the stage , women occasionally played the roles of prepubescent boys .

pos: Bruce Lee Lee Jun-fan ( ; November 27 , 1940 -- July 20 , 1973 ) , known professionally as Bruce Lee , was a Hong Kong and American martial artist , actor , philosopher , filmmaker , and founder of the martial art Jeet Kune Do . Lee was the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-chuen . He is widely considered by commentators , critics , media , and other martial artists to be one of the most influential martial artists of all time , and a pop culture icon of the 20th century . He is often credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films .   Lee was born in Chinatown , San Francisco , on November 27 , 1940 , to parents from Hong Kong and was raised in Kowloon , Hong Kong , with his family until his late teens . He was introduced to the film industry by his father and appeared in several films as a child actor . Lee moved to the United States at the age of 18 to receive his higher education , at the University of Washington , at Seattle and it was during this time that he began teaching martial arts . His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim , sparking a surge of interest in Chinese martial arts in the West in the 1970s . The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in the US , Hong Kong and the rest of the world .   He is noted for his roles in five feature-length films : Lo Wei 's The Big Boss ( 1971 ) and Fist of Fury ( 1972 ) ; Golden Harvest 's Way of the Dragon ( 1972 ) , directed and written by Lee ; Golden Harvest and Warner Brothers ' Enter the Dragon ( 1973 ) and The Game of Death ( 1978 ) , both directed by Robert Clouse . Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world , particularly among the Chinese , as he portrayed Chinese nationalism in his films . He trained in the art of Wing Chun and later combined his other influences from various sources , in the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy , which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do ( The Way of the Intercepting Fist ) .  Lee held dual nationality of Hong Kong and the US . He died in Kowloon Tong on July 20 , 1973 at the age of 32 .

neg: The Book of Five Rings is a text on kenjutsu and the martial arts in general , written by the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi circa 1645 . There have been various translations made over the years , and it enjoys an audience considerably broader than only that of martial artists : for instance , some business leaders find its discussion of conflict and taking the advantage to be relevant to their work . The modern-day Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū employs it as a manual of technique and philosophy .   Musashi establishes a `` no-nonsense '' theme throughout the text . For instance , he repeatedly remarks that technical flourishes are excessive , and contrasts worrying about such things with the principle that all technique is simply a method of cutting down one 's opponent . He also continually makes the point that the understandings expressed in the book are important for combat on any scale , whether a one-on-one duel or a massive battle . Descriptions of principles are often followed by admonitions to `` investigate this thoroughly '' through practice rather than trying to learn them by merely reading .   Musashi describes and advocates a two-sword fencing style ( nitōjutsu ) : that is , wielding both katana and wakizashi , contrary to the more traditional method of wielding the katana two-handed . However , he only explicitly describes wielding two swords in a section on fighting against many adversaries . The stories of his many duels rarely refer to Musashi himself wielding two swords , although , since they are mostly oral traditions , their details may be inaccurate . Some suggest that Musashi 's meaning was not so much wielding two swords `` simultaneously '' , but rather acquiring the proficiency to ( singly ) wield either sword in either hand as the need arose . However , Musashi states within the volume that one should train with a long sword in each hand , thereby training the body and improving one 's ability to use two blades simultaneously .

neg: Contemporary dance in Japan Contemporary Japanese dance draws on various traditional styles and Western classical and avant-garde forms , interpreted with the standards of Japanese schools . Many famous dance studios grew from training centers for Kabuki actor-dancers or derived from famous Kabuki families . Women dancers drawing their art from butoh were trained by the Hanayagi school , whose top dancers performed internationally . Ichinohe Sachiko choreographed and performed traditional dances in Heian court costumes , characterized by the slow , formal , and elegant motions of this classical age of Japanese culture .   Western schools covered classical ballet , jazz-dance , and modern dance and influenced the butoh avant-garde dance movement . Ballet was said to have replaced traditional Japanese arts , such as flower arrangement and the tea ceremony , in the hearts of young girls . Prima ballerina Morishita Yoko sat on the jury for the Prix de Lausanne Ballet Competition in 1989 , held for the first time in Tokyo , marking the arrival of Japanese classical ballet in the international community . Horiuchi Gen , a 1980 Prix de Lausanne winner , became a major soloist with the New York City Ballet , and Japanese performers noted for their superb technique were members of many major international companies . Modern dance was performed early after World War II and was later taught by such famous dancers as Eguchi Takaya . The Tokyo Modern Dance School and the Ozawa Hisako Modern Dance Company also promoted avant-garde modern dance . A wide experimental range within modern dance occurred from which choreographer Teshigawara Saburo skillfully drew to create multifaceted works for his KARAS Company .   The vital avant-garde butoh dance was a major development after the war : at least five major schools performed in the 1985 Butoh Festival , and there were numerous creative offshoots . Hijikata Tatsumi was a charismatic dancer who experimented with different kinds of creative dance to capture expressive motions he considered expressly suited to the Japanese physiognomy and psyche . He combined eroticism , social criticism , and avant-garde theater ideas , and he considered the body to be a repository for `` stored memories '' , which could be metamorphosed into dance forms . His theories and choreography were carried on by a number of famous dancers , who eventually formed their own major companies , which were strong in the 1980s and toured abroad .

neg: Bakbakan International Bakbakan International is a martial arts association headquartered in Manila , Philippines and founded by Christopher Ricketts . It has chapters in Australia , Canada , and the United States . It also promoted the Masters of Arnis tour in Australia that featured Christopher Ricketts , Antonio Diego , Edgar Sulite , and Rey Galang .   The school teaches the following methods :  Kali Ilustrisimo , which was developed by Antonio `` Tatang '' Ilustrisimo .  The Tulisan Knife-Fighting System , which works as an offshoot of Kali Ilustrisimo and is based on technique rather than drill .  The Sinawali Fighting System , which emphasizes ambidexterity and weapon mastery .  Lameco Eskrima , developed by Edgar Sulite .  The Sagasa Kickboxing System , which develops coordination , power , and reflexes .  The Hagibis Combat System of close-quarter combat , which primarily emphasizes grappling , throwing , and tripping as means of disabling individual opponents where multiple opponents exist .  Ngo Cho Kun ( Wuzuquan ) Kung Fu , which emphasizes power , stamina , and concentration .   Its notable members are Tony Diego , Edgar Sulite , Alexander Co , Christopher Ricketts , Rey Galang , Dodong Sta . Iglesia , Miguel Zubiri , Doran Sordo , Ding Binay , Ronnie Ricketts , Rolly Maximo , Ramon Tulfo , Rey Dizer , Edgar Aristorenas , and Leonard A. Anderson . The organization or its senior members have been featured in or written the following published works :  September 1997 issue of Exotic Martial Arts of Southeast Asia  Filipino Martial Culture by Mark V. Wiley  Five Ancestor Fist Kung Fu by Alexander Co  Premiere Issue of Martial Arts Illustrated .  Masters of the Blade by Reynaldo S. Galang  Warrior Arts of the Philippines by Reynaldo S. Galang  Classic ARNIS - The Legacy of Placido Yambao by Reynaldo S. Galang  Complete Sinawali Filipino Double Weapon Fighting by Reynaldo S. Galang

neg: Shadowland (comics) `` Shadowland '' is a 2010 Marvel Comics storyline centering on Daredevil and other `` street-level '' superheroes in the Marvel Universe . The storyline started in the Daredevil comic and was expanded upon in the Shadowland five-issue mini series as well as four tie-in mini series , four one-shots , and two issues of Thunderbolts . The storyline was collected into seven individual hard cover and soft cover Trade paperbacks in 2011 .   The story chronicles Daredevils ' return to Hell 's Kitchen after he becomes the leader of the Hand Ninja clan . He builds a temple/prison in Hell 's Kitchen , the eponymous Shadowland . His methods get more extreme as he kills long-time adversary Bullseye . The change in attitude brings him and his ally White Tiger in conflict with a number of street level super-heroes such as Spider-Man , Luke Cage , Iron Fist , Moon Knight and more . The storyline also introduces a new Power Man to the Marvel Universe .   The heroes later realize that Daredevil has become possessed by the Beast of the Hand , which explains why Daredevil 's actions have become more and more extreme and erratic . The heroes are helped out by the Kingpin and Lady Bullseye as they try to preserve the Kingpin 's criminal empire . In the final moments of the story Iron Fist uses his mystical chi to heal Daredevil , releasing the demon inside him . In an act of sacrifice Daredevil kills himself before the Beast can take control of him again , breaking the spell the Beast had on Hell 's Kitchen . Afterwards his corpse disappears , apparently to be revived by Elektra at the conclusion of the event .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Professional performances Professional performances , as opposed to amateur performances , are those in which performers receive payment for their performances . Professional performances are engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional actor is someone who derives income by participating in professional performances . A professional theatre company auditions actors to perform in their professional theatre . The company sells tickets ; actors receive payment for their performances . This is the same for musicians , dancers , comedians . Also see : professional sports .   A professional performer is a person in a profession that requires certain types of skilled work requiring formal training or education . In western nations , such as the United States , the term commonly describes highly educated , salaried workers , who enjoy considerable work autonomy , economic security , a comfortable salary , and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional athlete is someone who derives income by participating in competitive sports . Sometimes also called `` commercial grade '' .

neg: Bruce Davis (video game industry) Bruce L. Davis ( born 1952 ) is an American businessman , currently CEO and chairman of Digimarc . Formerly the head of both Imagic and Activision , he is known for his role in the development of the video game industry .   A native of New York , Davis earned a B.S. in accounting and psychology and an M.A. in criminal justice from University at Albany , SUNY , and a law degree from Columbia University . He began his professional career by establishing the intellectual property practice at the firm of Orrick , Herrington & Sutcliffe in San Francisco , California . He assumed leadership of Imagic as it was going out of business in the North American video game crash of 1983 .   From 1987 to 1991 , Davis was first chief operating officer , then chairman and CEO of Activision . The board of directors promoted him from senior vice president to replace Jim Levy shortly after the acquisition of Infocom , in the hopes of stemming the continuing financial damage from the crash . He had opposed the merger , and many Infocom employees believed he was deliberately working against them , changing processes that had made the game business successful . Activision co-founder and programmer David Crane was also critical of Davis : `` Bruce Davis ' biggest mistake was treating video games as commodities , rather than creative products . '' Nevertheless , Davis 's leadership of Activision began well . He led the company to a profit in his first year at the helm on strong sales growth , following 16 consecutive quarters of multimillion-dollar losses . The turnaround effort was stymied after a huge damages award for infringement of Magnavox 's original home video game patents was upheld on appeal in 1988 . That year Activision changed its name to Mediagenic , as Davis sought to expand the company 's product lines to non-gaming software . In February 1991 , Robert Kotick , backed by Steve Wynn of Mirage Resorts , staged a successful hostile takeover . Kotick and his team then filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy in cooperation with Magnavox parent company Philips in a leveraged recapitalization of Activision , as it was renamed in 1992 . Kotick replaced Davis in this restructuring .   Starting in 1992 , Davis founded and served as president of TV Guide on Screen , a joint venture of News Corporation and TCI that supplied electronic guides and navigational software for the cable television market . The company later merged with Prevue Networks , then with TV Guide . TV Guide later merged with Gemstar International . The resulting Gemstar-TV Guide International was acquired in 2008 by Macrovision .   Davis is chairman and CEO of Digimarc . He led Digimarc from start up in 1997 to a more than US$ 100 million public company supplying digital watermarking technologies to national and state governments and to the media industry . He has been chairman of the board since 2002 .   A prolific inventor , Davis has been awarded more than 50 patents on television user interface improvements and other innovations in media management and security . In 2003 , Mr. Davis was named Ernst & Young 's Pacific Northwest Entrepreneur Of The Year for the technology category .

neg: Robert Parham Robert Parham ( born Robert Dennis Parham , Jr. on January 24 , 1966 ) is a retired American kickboxer and former five time World Kickboxing Champion and former four time Sport Karate Champion . His kickboxing record was 17-1 with 9 knockouts . In his last match , he was stopped by Patrick Barry   `` While enlisted in the Air Force , he won the Mississippi 's Silver Gloves championships and in 1988 he began earning karate titles , including Armed Forces Champion , Mississippi State Champion and pre-Olympic Taekwondo Champion .   From 1991 to 1993 , he won the National Karate Championship and in 1991 he was the United States Karate Alliance World Karate Champion . He was Sport Karate International 's regional winner in 1990 and 1993 , and world champion in 1991 . In 1993 , he earned the National Black Belt League 's Regional and World Titles and the United States Karate Alliance Lightweight Koshiki World Title .   Parham 's karate accomplishments earned him the Air Force 's Air Education and Training Command 's Male Athlete of the Year for 1992 .   The award-winning martial artist has claimed world kickboxing titles in five weight classes -- middleweight in 1994 , super middleweight in 1996 , light heavyweight in 1995 and 1997 , cruiserweight in 1997 and heavyweight in 2001 . ''   In 1999 , Parham was a feature participant in the inaugural show of the TV series `` The Toughman World Championship on FX '' . He made it to the finals and lost a hotly disputed decision to the local favorite .   He has been inducted into the Universal Martial Arts Hall of Fame , the Masters Hall of Fame , the USA Hall of Fame and the Action Martial Arts Hall of Fame for his martial arts accomplishments .   After retiring from martial arts competitions , Robert turned to acting , with minor roles in movies such as `` Bad Faith '' , `` The Insider ( film ) '' `` Hand to Hand '' . He had his breakthrough starring role in the upcoming feature `` Buster Jones '' .

neg: Freestyle nunchaku Freestyle nunchaku refers to the use of the nunchaku weapon ( used in martial arts and popularised by Bruce Lee and other martial artists ) in a more visually stunning , rather than combative way . Nunchaku-do competitions are now held where marks are awarded based upon visual display rather than predefined kata .   There is a community of freestyle practitioners from around the world who , through collective experimentation and exploration , have compiled a comprehensive breakdown of freestyle and its parts .

neg: Licensure Licensure means a restricted practice or a restriction on the use of an occupational title , requiring a license . A license created under a `` practice act '' requires a license before performing a certain activity , such as driving a car on public roads . A license created under a `` title act '' restricts the use of a given occupational title to licensees , but anyone can perform the activity itself under a less restricted title . For example , in Oregon , anyone can practice counseling , but only licensees can call themselves a `` Licensed Professional Counselors . ''   Licenses are usually justified to regulate an activity whose incompetent execution would be threat to the public , such as surgery . For some occupations and professions , licensing is often granted through a professional body or a licensing board composed of practitioners who oversee the applications for licenses . This often involves accredited training and examinations , but varies a great deal for different activities and in different countries . Practicing without a license may carry civil or criminal penalties or may be perfectly legal .   Occupational licensing is inherently a form of restraint of trade . This can cause conflict with laws forbidding monopolistic practices if the licensing body favors its own licensees in ways that do not clearly protect the public . In the United States , state licensing boards have been successfully prosecuted by the Federal Trade Commission for monopolistic activities .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . ''   The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements .   Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues .   Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .

neg: Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era .   Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) .   Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death .   As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives .   This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .

neg: World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest .   The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) .   Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling .   Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament .   A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event .   Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . )   Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .

neg: Tony Lee Tony Lee is a British comics writer , screenwriter , audio playwright , and novelist .

neg: Face (professional wrestling) In professional wrestling , a face ( babyface ) is a heroic or a `` good guy '' wrestler , booked ( scripted ) by the promotion with the aim of being cheered by fans . Faces , traditionally , wrestle within the rules and avoid cheating ( in contrast to the heels who use illegal moves and call in additional wrestlers to do their work for them ) while behaving positively towards the referee and the audience .   Such characters are also referred to as blue-eyes in British wrestling , and técnicos in lucha libre . The face character is portrayed as a hero relative to the heel wrestlers , who are analogous to villains . Not everything a face wrestler does must be heroic : faces need only to be cheered by the audience to be effective characters . The vast majority of wrestling storylines involving faces place a face against a heel , although more elaborate set-ups ( such as two faces being manipulated by a nefarious outside party into fighting ) often happen as well .   In the world of lucha libre wrestling , they 're generally known for using moves requiring technical skill , particularly aerial maneuvers , and wearing outfits using bright colors with positive associations ( such as solid white ) . This is contrasted with the villainous rudos that are generally known for being brawlers , using physical moves that emphasize brute strength and/or size while often having outfits akin to demons or other nasty characters .

neg: Carl Lee (actor) Carl Lee ( November 22 , 1926April 17 , 1986 ) , born Carl Vincent Canegata , was an American actor . He was also the son of actor/professional boxer Canada Lee ( 1907 -- 1952 ) .   In a 2000 interview , filmmaker James Toback stated , `` In the sort of hip world of New York , Carl Lee was the hip-black-actor icon . He was for hip people what Sidney Poitier was for mainstream people . ''   Lee played a heroin dealer , the title role in the Obie Award-winning play The Connection . He later appeared in the film version .   Lee , who made his first film appearance in the 1954 film Human Desire , went on to appear in such films as A Man Called Adam in 1966 opposite Sammy Davis , Jr. and Cicely Tyson , and the now classic blaxploitation film Superfly ( with the late Ron O'Neal ) in 1972 . He also appeared in various television roles in such shows as The Defenders , Mannix , and Good Times ( `` Willona 's Surprise '' , 1977 ) in a memorable performance in which he portrayed Willona Woods 's ex-husband Ray , who makes sexual advances towards Thelma ( Bernadette Stanis ) .   Lee suffered a heroin addiction which led to his death .


query: Land Rover makes the Range Rover Evoque.

pos: Land Rover Land Rover is a car brand that specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles , owned by British multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover , which has been owned by India 's Tata Motors since 2008 . The Land Rover is regarded as a British icon , and was granted a Royal Warrant by King George VI in 1951 .   The Land Rover name was originally used by the Rover Company for the Land Rover Series , launched in 1948 . It developed into a brand encompassing a range of four-wheel-drive models , including the Defender , Discovery , Freelander , Range Rover , Range Rover Sport , and Range Rover Evoque . Land Rovers are currently assembled in the company 's Halewood and Solihull plants , with research and development taking place at the Gaydon and Whitley engineering centres . Land Rover sold 194,000 vehicles worldwide in 2009 .   In September 2013 , Jaguar Land Rover announced plans to open a # 100 million ( US$ 160 million ) research and development centre in the University of Warwick , Coventry to create a next generation of vehicle technologies . The carmaker said around 1,000 academics and engineers would work there and that construction would start in 2014 .

neg: Mercedes-Benz G-Class The Mercedes-Benz G-Class , sometimes called G-Wagen ( short for Geländewagen , `` cross country vehicle '' ) , is a mid-size four-wheel drive luxury SUV manufactured by Magna Steyr ( formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch ) in Austria and sold by Mercedes-Benz . In certain markets , it has been sold under the Puch name as Puch G . The G-wagen is characterized by its boxy styling and body-on-frame construction . It uses three fully locking differentials , one of the few vehicles to have such a feature . Despite the introduction of an intended replacement , the unibody SUV Mercedes-Benz GL-Class in 2006 , the G-Class is still in production and is one of the longest produced Mercedes-Benz in Daimler 's history , with a span of 35 years . Only the Unimog surpasses it .   The G-class was developed as a military vehicle from a suggestion by the Shah of Iran ( at the time a significant Mercedes shareholder ) to Mercedes and offered as a civilian version in 1979 . In this role it is sometimes referred to as the `` Wolf '' and LAPV Enok . The Peugeot P4 is a variant made under license , with a Peugeot engine and different parts .   It was not available from Mercedes-Benz in the United States until 2002 , although this was preceded by a grey-market where even basic models commanded six-figure prices in the 1990s . It was launched in 2002 as the Mercedes-Benz G500 with a V-8 gas engine and achieved 3114 sales that year . This eventually tapered down to some sub-1000 sales years , however , in the 2010s sales began to increase again surpassing 3000 in 2014 and in 2015 it sold more than in its launch year , with 3616 sold that year . In 2016 this increased to 3950 in the United States . Canada saw a similar increase , which , although is a smaller market saw sales increase from 127 in 2012 to over 400 in 2016 .

neg: Jaguar 3.4 Litre Jaguar 3.4 Litre may refer to :   An automobile produced by Jaguar Cars as part of its Jaguar Mark 1 range between 1957 and 1959  An automobile produced by Jaguar Cars as part of its Jaguar Mark 2 range between 1959 and 1967   3.4 Litre

neg: J-segment J-segment is a car classification defined by European Commission as the segment of the sport utility cars ( including off-road vehicles ) . It is increasing in volume year by year in Europe ; in early 2015 , it became the second most popular segment ( behind the C-segment and overtaking the B-segment ) with 21.6 % market share .   These cars come in a huge variety of sizes . As SUVs have developed in body style over the years , crossovers are also starting to emerge , a common combination being a hatchback and SUV . They have also gained popularity over the years with celebrities , encouraging large luxury vehicles with an emphasis on comfort , space and a high-ride position . Off-road vehicles also fit into this segment .   Typical J-segment vehicles include the BMW X5 , Land Rover Discovery , Mercedes-Benz M-Class , Porsche Cayenne , Range Rover Sport , Volkswagen Touareg , Volvo XC90 .

neg: Jaguar XJR Jaguar XJR is a nameplate used by Jaguar Cars for several line of vehicles :  Jaguar XJR Sportscars , a line of Group C race cars .  Several high performance versions of the company 's flagship XJ saloons .   XJR

neg: Solihull plant Solihull plant is a car manufacturing factory in Lode Lane , Solihull , UK , owned by Jaguar Land Rover .

neg: Kia Ray For the concept car , see Kia Ray ( concept car )   The Kia Ray EV is a city car manufactured by Kia Motors . The initial roll out was a limited production of 2,500 units destined for the South Korean government fleets , scheduled to be deployed in 2012 . The Ray EV is a predecessor to an all-electric crossover SUV that Kia Motors planned to launch globally in 2014 . In May 2013 a fleet of 184 Kia Ray EVs were deployed in Seoul as part of a carsharing service called `` Electric Vehicle Sharing '' at a rate of per hour . The service has 15,000 registered customers .   The Ray has a unique door layout ; the passenger side of the vehicle has a sliding door for the rear seats , while the driver 's side has a swing-out door . The car has boxy dimensions , much like other similarly sized cars , such as the Honda Freed and Suzuki Solio . The Ray 's interior benefits from the square shape , as it has more space than most cars its size ; however , it is only able to seat four people .   The Ray EV is the automaker 's first production battery electric vehicle . It is powered by a 50 kW electric motor , with a 16.4 kWh lithium ion battery that allows an all-electric range of 86 mi depending on driving conditions .   The Kia Ray is also available in non-EV types equipped with gasoline and bi-fuel with a gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG ) combination . Both engines are available in four trims - Deluxe , Special , Luxury and Prestige . Only available in the local Korea domestic market , both engines produce similar power and outputs . The gasoline engine generates 78 PS at 6,400 rpm and 9.6 kg.m / 3,500 rpm . Both engines have displacements of 998 cc , generating fuel economies of 17 km/l for gasoline , and bi-fuel delivering 16.6 km/l on gasoline mode and 13.2 km/l on LPG mode . Gasoline engine models weigh in at 998 kg with bi-fuel models weighing in at 1042 kg . Both are equipped with a 4 speed automatic transmission , and are currently sold in the Republic of Korea .

neg: Light Car Company The Light Car Company was a British manufacturer of automobiles .

neg: Dellow Dellow cars were made in a factory at Alvechurch , near Birmingham , England between 1949 and 1956 .   Dellow Motors Ltd was started by Ken Delingpole and Ron Lowe to produce road-going sports cars for the enthusiast to use in trials , rallies and hill-climbs .   A small number of very early cars used Austin 7 chassis as per Ron Lowe 's special , FUY 374 . The other prototypes included OP 3835 owned by Earl `` Mick '' Heighway , HAB 245 ( Eric Penn ) CAB 282 ( Lewis Tracey ) and EDE 384 ( Merrick ) . From 1950 , with scrap Austin 7 's in short supply , an 1172cc Ford 10 engine was utilised in an A-frame chassis with a very light tubular steel framework welded to the chassis and panelled in aluminium , early cars having no doors . The chassis frames were made partly from government surplus chrome-molybdenum rocket tubes , the rockets being RP3 types as used by Hawker Typhoon and Bristol Beaufighter aircraft .   The design emphasis was on light weight and a rearward weight bias for trials . Many sporting awards were won by drivers of Dellow cars in the early 1950s , not only in trials but also in other events such as driving tests and hillclimbs . Dellows also took overall honours in the MCC organised Daily Express National Rally and the Circuit of Ireland Rally .  Dellow drivers often shone in other forms of motor sport , Tony Marsh from Kinver went on to become RAC Hill Climb Champion on no less than 6 occasions . Peter Collins from Kidderminster , later drove for HWM , BRM and Vanwall , then for Ferrari .   Dellow styling was created by Lionel Evans at his Radpanels coachbuilding business in Kidderminster . The car evolved through several variants known as Mk I to Mk V. Early cars had the Ford beam front axle with transverse spring and short Panhard rod , quarter elliptics at the rear and Andre Hartford friction dampers all round . The Ford torque-tube was suitably shortened and the vast majority of cars used the 3-speed Ford gearbox but a very small number of cars ( KOX 300 being one of them ) were produced to customer order with a 4 speed gearbox , from the 10M series Morris .   The Ford E93A engines were mildly tuned and many used twin SU 's on a cast alloy ` Dellow ' manifold . However , as an option the factory also offered the car with a Wade-Ventor ( Roots type ) supercharger installation .  The MkII saw the introduction of a new and much more robust rear chassis section with coil springs , separate telescopic shock absorbers and a Panhard rod . This stiffer chassis allowed doors to become an optional fitting .  The Mk V version was derived from the `` Lightweight '' Dellow ( WRF 81 ) constructed by Tony Marsh for speed events in 1954 . It saw coil springs introduced at the front ( over telescopic dampers ) although still with a one-piece Ford beam axle .  About 300 Dellows in total are believed to have been constructed .   A new company , Dellow Engineering , based in Oldbury near Birmingham produced a Mk VI - often incorrectly quoted as having a glass fibre body , it too was in fact built with alloy panelling . Very few Mk VI 's were made .

neg: Morris FE The Morris FE was a `` 5-ton '' / `` 7-ton '' lorry/truck produced by `` Morris Commercial '' , part of the British Morris Motor Company , between 1955 and 1959 . It closely resembled its predecessor , the Morris FV and this , apart from its forward control configuration , had been in many respects a pre-war design . The Morris FE featured a more modern front grill than the earlier vehicle , however .   As the merger between Morris and the Austin Motor Company worked through British Motor Corporation , the merged company , the Morris replaced not merely the Morris FV but also the slightly larger Austin Loadstar . In addition to the `` 5-ton '' version , a `` 7-ton '' version was now offered .   As before Pickup truck , Panel van and Tractor unit versions were offered . Customers could also buy the FV in Bare chassis form and obtain specialist bodywork from an appropriate supplier .   From 1956 , the `` Morris Commercial '' brand ceased to be used . FEs not badged as Austins were now badged simply as Morrises .

neg: Lexus ES The Lexus ES ( Japanese : レクサス ・ ES , Rekusasu ES ) is a series of compact , then mid-size , and later executive car sold by Lexus since 1989 . Six generations of the sedan have been introduced to date , each offering V6 engines and the front-engine , front-wheel-drive layout . The first five generations of the ES were built on the Toyota Camry platform , with the sixth generation more closely related to the Avalon . Manual transmissions were offered until 1993 , a lower-displacement inline-four engine became an option in Asian markets in 2010 , and a gasoline-electric hybrid version was introduced in 2012 . The ES was Lexus ' only front-wheel drive vehicle until 1998 , when the related Lexus RX was introduced , and the sedan occupied the entry-level luxury car segment of the Lexus lineup in North America and other regions until the debut of the Lexus IS in 1999 . The ES name stands for `` Executive Sedan '' . However , some Lexus importers use the backronymic name , `` Elegant Sedan '' .   Introduced in 1989 , the first-generation ES 250 was one of two vehicles in Lexus ' debut lineup , the other being the flagship LS 400 . The second-generation ES 300 debuted in 1991 , followed by the third-generation ES 300 in 1996 , and the fourth-generation ES 300/330 in 2001 . The first - through fourth-generation sedans shared body styling elements with Japan-market Toyota sedans , and a domestic market equivalent , the Toyota Windom , was sold until the launch of the fifth-generation ES in 2006 . The word `` Windom '' is a combination of `` win '' and the suffix `` dom '' expresses a state of perpetual victory . The fifth-generation ES , featuring Lexus ' own L-finesse body styling , debuted in early 2006 as a 2007 model . The sixth-generation ES debuted in the first half of 2012 as a 2013 model , and features increased cabin dimensions due to a longer wheelbase which is shared with the full-size Toyota Avalon .   Lexus has positioned the ES in the comfort luxury segment , with an emphasis on interior amenities , quietness , and ride quality , in contrast with more firm-riding sport sedans . Buyers seeking more performance-focused models are targeted by the Lexus IS and rival makes , with such models offering a sportier drive with differently tuned suspensions . In Europe , Japan , and other markets where it is not available , the Lexus GS sport sedans occupy the mid-size category in the Lexus lineup . In the United States , the Lexus ES has been the best-selling Lexus sedan for over fifteen years .  __ TOC __

neg: List of sport utility vehicles This page lists sports utility vehicles currently in production ( as of 2013 ) as well as past models . The list includes crossover SUVs , Mini SUVs , Compact SUVs and other similar vehicles . Also includes hybrid , luxury , sport or tuned , military , electric and fuel cell versions . Due to confusion , Sport Utility Trucks are also in this list .   Note : Many of the vehicles ( both current and past ) are related to other vehicles in the list . A vehicle listed as a ` past model ' may still be in production in an updated form under a different name , it may be listed under that name in the ` currently in production ' section . Also , some vehicles are sold under different marques in different geographical locations , therefore some vehicles may be listed more than once but usually link to the same page . Different states may also classify vehicles differently . What may be considered an SUV in one state , may not in another state . Example ; The Chevrolet Nafees is known as the Chevrolet Zeeyan in Russia and Brazil , and in Australia and New Zealand , it is marketed by GM Holden ( Holden Trax ) . Some images provided below may be pictures of outdated models .

neg: Buick Buick ( -LSB- ` bjuː.ɪk -RSB- ) , formally the Buick Motor Division , is an upscale automobile brand of the American manufacturer General Motors ( GM ) . For much of its existence in the North American market , Buick has been marketed as a premium automobile brand , selling luxury vehicles positioned above GM 's mainstream brands , e.g. Chevrolet , while below the flagship luxury Cadillac division . Buick-branded vehicles are also known for reliability , ranking high for reliability in Consumer Reports ' brand reliability rankings .   Buick has the distinction of being the oldest active American marque of automobile , and was the company that established General Motors in 1908 . Before the establishment of General Motors , GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick 's general manager and major investor . Buick also has the distinction of being the first automobile maker in the world to equip its cars with overhead valve engines , which it did starting in 1904 .   In 2015 , Buick sold 1,231,941 vehicles , a record for the brand . The main market is in China , where 80 % of Buick-branded automobiles are sold . Buicks are also sold in the United States , Canada , and Mexico . Since restructuring in 2009 , GM has also started to share technology , vehicles and development between Buick and GM 's European Opel division .

neg: Vauxhall Velox The Vauxhall Velox is a six-cylinder automobile which was produced by Vauxhall from 1948 to 1965 . The Velox was a large family car , directly competing in the UK with the contemporary six-cylinder Ford Zephyr , and , to a slightly lesser extent the A90 , A95 , and A110 Austin Westminster models .   It was introduced by Vauxhall shortly before the London Motor Show in October 1948 as a successor to the Vauxhall Fourteen . Between 1948 and 1957 the Velox was shared its body with the less powerful four-cylinder Vauxhall Wyvern . From August 1954 through to October 1965 it shared its body with the more luxuriously equipped Vauxhall Cresta , a tradition that ended upon the introduction of the new PC Vauxhalls . The Velox name was discontinued at that time in favour of the more upmarket Cresta name while a new flagship model , the Viscount , was launched .   The Velox and its Opel contemporaries are remembered for having mirrored North American styling trends much more closely than other European models of the time . This was particularly apparent following the introduction in 1957 of the PA version of the Velox .

neg: Martin Motors Martin Motors is an Italian company headquartered in the Quinto Stampi district of Milan . It was established by Giuseppe Martinelli , to manufacture automobiles , buses and commercial vehicles . The manufacturer 's assembly plant is located in Tunisia .

neg: Iveco Iveco , an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation , is an Italian industrial vehicle manufacturing company based in Turin , Italy , and entirely controlled by CNH Industrial Group . It designs and builds light , medium and heavy commercial vehicles , quarry/construction site vehicles , city and intercity buses and special vehicles for applications such as firefighting , off-road missions , the military and civil defence .   The name Iveco first appeared in 1975 after a merger of Italian , French and German brands .   Its production plants are in Europe , Brazil , Russia , Australia , Africa , Argentina and China , and it has approximately 5,000 points of sales and service in over 160 countries . The worldwide output of the company amounts to around 150,000 commercial vehicles with a turnover of about .

neg: Cadillac Provoq The Cadillac Provoq is a concept luxury crossover vehicle that was revealed on 8 January 2008 , and manufactured by Cadillac . It was introduced at the 2008 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas , Nevada and is powered by the plug-in hybrid technology first shown in the Chevrolet Volt . For extended range , a hydrogen fuel cell will recharge the Lithium-ion battery and a solar panel will power onboard accessories , such as interior lighting and the audio system . As the Provoq concept uses a hybrid powertrain it is based on the same GM Voltec platform as the Chevrolet Volt .   The production car shares with the GM Theta platform with Saab which would get its own CUV , the 9-4X . The production vehicle was originally to be called the Cadillac BRX replacing the Cadillac SRX , but Cadillac did introduce an all-new SRX based on the Provoq .

neg: Rover Group The Rover Group plc was the name given in 1986 to the British vehicle manufacturer BL ( formerly British Leyland ) , which had been state-owned company since 1975 . It initially included the Austin Rover Group car business ( comprising the Austin , Rover , Mini and MG marques ) , Land Rover Group , Freight Rover vans and Leyland Trucks .   The Rover Group was owned by British Aerospace ( BAe ) from 1988 to 1994 , when BAe sold the remaining car business to the German company BMW . The group was further broken up in 2000 , when Ford acquired the Land Rover division , with the Rover and MG marques continuing with the much smaller MG Rover Group until 2005 . Ownership of the original Rover Group marques is currently split between BMW ( Germany ) , SAIC ( China ) , and Tata Motors ( India ) .

neg: MG Sports and Racing Europe MG Sports and Racing Europe Limited was a British automotive company based in Eardiston , Tenbury Wells in Worcestershire . The company was founded by William Riley , who acquired assets of the MG Sport and Racing subsidiary of MG Rover Group after its demise , with the intention of restarting production of the MG XPower SV sportscar , renamed MG XPower WR . The company was registered on 29 January 2007 .   In December 2009 , it was reported in the press that no new cars had been manufactured by MG Sports and Racing Europe since its founding , and that employment tribunal proceedings had been initiated by two employees for non-payment of wages . Riley was also arrested by police in 2009 on suspicion of theft of an XPower WR car previously sold to a Canadian businessman who had been working on behalf of the company . The Police charges against Mr William Riley were dropped and he was awarded damages against the police . The case brought by two former employees is under investigation with court cases against both employees for attempting to obtain money for work not carried out .   Riley 's use of the `` MG '' trademark resulted in a legal dispute with Nanjing Automobile ( Group ) Corporation , which had also acquired assets of the defunct MG Rover Group . This case was won by Nanjing in February 2010 . Consequently , the company name was changed to Sports and Racing Europe Ltd. in March 2010 .

neg: Ford Festiva The Ford Festiva is a subcompact car that was marketed by Ford between 1986 and 2002 . Festiva was sold in Japan , the Americas , and Australasia . The name `` Festiva '' is derived from the Spanish word for `` festive '' . It was not related to the similarly sized and named Ford Fiesta , and was not replaced by the Ford Ka , which is smaller .   Designed by Mazda using the DA platform and B series inline-four engines , the Festiva continued the trend of Fords built and designed by Mazda for the Asia-Pacific market such as the Laser and Telstar .   South Korean first generation sales began in 1987 under the name Kia Pride , assembled by Kia under license . Australasia and Europe received the first version between 1987 and 1991 as the `` Mazda 121 '' . After 1991 , Australasian sales occurred under the `` Ford Festiva '' name , while European sales continued under the name `` Kia Pride '' . Kia ended production of the Pride in 2000 , although SAIPA of Iran has produced this model in various forms since 2001 . This ongoing production has been in parallel to the second generation Festiva introduced in 1993 , sold as the Ford Aspire in North America and Kia Avella in South Korea and other markets . Although these second generations models were withdrawn in 2000 , a third generation was sold between 1996 and 2002 in Japan as a badge-engineered version of the Mazda Demio .

neg: Rover Meteor The Rover Meteor was a short-lived 2 1/2 - litre or 2-litre medium-sized car made by The Rover Company Limited of Meteor Works Coventry . The new 2 1/2 - litre model was announced in mid-February 1930 to supplement Rover 's Light Twenty which used the same engine and essentially the same chassis .   A 2-litre car , a further variant of Rover 's Light Twenty was announced in July 1932 . Under fiscal rating it was a 16 horsepower car and it was renamed Rover Speed Sixteen in mid-1934 but under either name was out of production before April 1935 .   The first Meteor was announced a few months into the depression . It is difficult to establish whether models remained in the catalogue from continuing production or they were unsold stock . However it should be remembered it was in this period Rover returned to profit .   The name Meteor was abandoned during 1934 , the products remaining in Rover 's catalogue as Rover Sixteen ( a four-door saloon ) and Rover Speed Twenty ( a four-seater sports tourer ) , and in due course they were replaced in the summer of 1936 by the new designs now referred to as P2 .


query: Gilmore Girls is a show.

pos: Gilmore Girls Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama television series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel . Sherman-Palladino , her husband Daniel Palladino , David S. Rosenthal , and Gavin Polone served as the executive producers . The series debuted on October 5 , 2000 , on The WB and remained a tent-pole to the network until its move to The CW on September 26 , 2006 . The series originally ran for seven seasons and ended its run on May 15 , 2007 .   The show follows single mother Lorelai Gilmore ( Graham ) and her daughter Rory ( Bledel ) , living in the fictional town of Stars Hollow , Connecticut . The town is filled with colorful characters and is located approximately 30 minutes from Hartford , Connecticut . The series explores issues of family , friendship and romance , as well as generational divides and social class . Ambition , education , work , love , family , and questions of class constitute some of the series ' central concerns . The show 's social commentary manifests most clearly in Lorelai 's difficult relationship with her wealthy , appearance-obsessed parents , Emily and Richard Gilmore , and in Rory 's interactions with the students at the Chilton Academy , and later , Yale University .   Gilmore Girls was released to critical acclaim . It featured fast-paced dialogue filled with pop-culture references . It won one Emmy Award for makeup in 2004 . The show placed 32 on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list , and was listed as one of Time magazine 's `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' in 2007 .   In 2016 , the main cast and Sherman-Palladino returned for a four-part miniseries revival titled Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life , which streamed on Netflix .

neg: Along Comes Mary (Pretty Little Liars) `` Along Comes Mary '' is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars , which aired on July 16 , 2016 , on the cable network Freeform . The hundred and forty-fifth episode on the series , it was directed by Norman Buckley and written by Bryan M. Holdman . The episode received a Nielsen rating of 0.6 and was viewed by 1.17 million viewers . It received mixed to positive reviews from critics .   The series focuses on a group of five women , collectively known as Liars , whose receive anonymous messages in form of threats from an unknown person , while they struggle to survive a life with danger . In this episode , the girls come together to find out who is the partner of the deceased Elliott Rollins -- or Archer Dunhill . Aria ( Lucy Hale ) and Ezra 's ( Ian Harding ) relationship takes a new step , and the same happens with Emily ( Shay Mitchell ) and Sabrina ( Lulu Brud ) . Meanwhile , Spencer ( Troian Bellisario ) teams up with Hanna ( Ashley Benson ) to find out where Caleb is , and Jenna ( Tammin Sursok ) befriends Sara ( Dre Davis ) , putting them on the top of the list of suspects . An old inhabitant returns to Rosewood .

neg: Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven .   The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill .   Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .

neg: Related Related is an American comedy-drama series that aired on The WB network during the 2005-2006 television season . It revolved around the lives of four close-knit sisters - of Italian descent , raised in Brooklyn - living in New York City .   The show was created by former Sex and the City writer Liz Tuccillo , and executive produced by Friends co-creator Marta Kauffman . Despite heavy promotion , initial ratings did not warrant the show being picked up for a second season when The WB network was folded into The CW .   The untitled Related theme song is sung by The Veronicas , whose music was regularly featured in episodes .

neg: Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired .   A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel .   The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .

neg: Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl .   The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .

neg: Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins .   On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 .   In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .

neg: Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) `` Wedding Bell Blues '' is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls and the show 's 100th episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino , the episode was originally broadcast on The WB in the United States on February 8 , 2005 . The episode features the renewal of vows by Emily ( Kelly Bishop ) and Richard Gilmore ( Edward Herrmann ) . Their daughter Lorelai Gilmore ( Lauren Graham ) and their granddaughter Rory Gilmore ( Alexis Bledel ) serve as maid of honor and best man , respectively . `` Wedding Bell Blues '' received positive reviews from television critics .

neg: Pilot (Glee) `` Pilot '' is the pilot episode of the American television series Glee , which premiered on the Fox network on May 19 , 2009 . An extended director 's cut version aired on September 2 , 2009 . The show focuses on a high school show choir , also known as a glee club , set within the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The pilot episode covers the formation of the club and introduces the main characters . The episode was directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , and written by Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . Murphy selected the music featured in the episode , with the intention of maintaining a balance between showtunes and chart hits .   The episode achieved 9.619 million viewers on first broadcast , and 4.2 million when the director 's cut version aired . Critical response was mixed , with The New York Times Alessandra Stanley highlighting the episode 's unoriginality and stereotyped characters , but praising the showmanship and talent of the cast . The Daily News David Hinckley opined that the show was imperfect and implausible but `` potentially heartwarming , '' while USA Today Robert Bianco noted casting and tone problems , but commented positively on the show 's humor and musical performances . Mary McNamara for the LA Times wrote that the show had a wide audience appeal , calling it : `` the first show in a long time that 's just plain full-throttle , no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun . ''

neg: The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons .   The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching .   The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .

neg: Cheerleader Nation Cheerleader Nation is a US television series based on the Paul Laurence Dunbar High School cheerleading team 's ups and downs on the way to Nationals , of which they are the three-time champions . The show also explains how cheerleading is an intense physical activity . It takes place in Lexington , Kentucky . The team is on a quest to win a third National Championship . It was broadcast on the channel Lifetime .

neg: Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw .   Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood .   The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences .   Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list .   In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .

neg: The Golden Girls (season 5) The fifth season of The Golden Girls premiered on NBC on September 23 , 1989 , and concluded on May 5 , 1990 . The season consisted of 26 episodes .

neg: Good Girls (TV series) Good Girls is an upcoming American crime drama television series created by Jenna Bans , who will co-executive produce with Dean Parisot ( who will direct the pilot ) and Jeannine Renshaw for Universal Television , slated to air on NBC as a mid season entry for the 2017 -- 18 United States network television schedule .

neg: List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .

neg: Girls Versus Suits `` Girls Versus Suits '' is the 12th episode of the fifth season of the CBS situation comedy How I Met Your Mother and the show 's 100th episode overall . It originally aired on January 11 , 2010 .   The episode features a fantasy musical number , `` Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit '' , performed by Neil Patrick Harris , which was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics .

neg: List of Once Upon a Time episodes Once Upon a Time is an American fairy tale drama television series created by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz , who also serve as executive producers alongside Steve Pearlman . It debuted on ABC on October 23 , 2011 . The first season introduces a bail bond agent , Emma Swan ( Jennifer Morrison ) and her birth-son , Henry Mills ( Jared S. Gilmore ) , who discover that a New England town named Storybrooke , Maine is actually a remnant of a parallel world that was cursed by Henry 's adoptive mother the Evil Queen/Mayor Regina Mills ( Lana Parrilla ) and that all the characters from the fairy tales have no memories of who they were , including the parents of Emma : Snow White/Mary Margaret Blanchard ( Ginnifer Goodwin ) and Prince Charming/David Nolan ( Josh Dallas ) , who sent her to the real world to save their world and break the curse .   On May 11 , 2017 , the series was renewed for a seventh season of 22 episodes , which will feature a `` soft '' reboot .

neg: G2G (TV series) G2G : Got to Go , is an animated television series co-produced by Moody Street Kids ( Australia ) and March Entertainment ( Canada ) . The series focuses on the life of a preteen girl , Maddison Marples-Macintosh , who assumes the role of an online advice columnist on her school 's website . The original series ran for 26 half-hour episodes , and premiered on the Nine Network in Australia in 2008 . In 2010 , the show began airing on CBC Television in Canada . The network also published an online game associated with the series , called G2G : Extra Credit .   The show typically begins with Maddison receiving an e-mail on her PDA about the troubles of anonymous students in her school and her trying to give that person advice , while ironically facing a problem nearly identical to the one described in the e-mail , which often ends up giving her the answer she needs to help the troubled sender .

neg: L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 .   Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff .   In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles .   The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .

neg: Girlboss Girlboss is an American comedy web television series created by Kay Cannon . The first season was released on Netflix on April 21 , 2017 .

neg: Gossip Girl: Acapulco Gossip Girl : Acapulco is a Mexican teen drama television series , based on the American television series Gossip Girl . It was produced by El Mall and Warner Brothers International Television , with Pedro Torres serving as executive producer for the series .   The first and only season , consisting of 25 episodes , debuted on the pay TV channel Golden Premier in Mexico on August 5 , 2013 . The television show was then broadcast in the United States on UniMás starting September 20 , 2013 , and on free-to-air channel Canal 5 starting November 11 , 2013 .   The series starred Sofía Sisniega , Oka Giner , Diego Amozurrutia , Margarita Muñoz , Jon Ecker , Vadhir Derbez , and Macarena Achaga as the principal cast members . It was nominated as best series at the Premios TVyNovelas 2014 , but did n't win .