query: Wyatt Earp was a person holding a particular office.

pos: Sheriff A sheriff is a government official , with varying duties , existing in some countries with historical ties to England , where the office originated . There is an analogous although independently developed office in Iceland that is commonly translated to English as sheriff , and this is discussed below .

pos: Wyatt Earp Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp ( March 19 , 1848 -- January 13 , 1929 ) was an American Old West gambler , a deputy sheriff in Pima County , and deputy town marshal in Tombstone , Arizona Territory , who took part in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , during which lawmen killed three outlaw cowboys . He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone , although his brother Virgil was Tombstone city marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day , and had far more experience as a sheriff , constable , marshal , and soldier in combat .   Earp lived a restless life . He was at different times a constable , city policeman , county sheriff , Deputy U.S. Marshal , teamster , buffalo hunter , bouncer , saloon-keeper , gambler , brothel keeper , miner , and boxing referee . Earp spent his early life in Iowa . In 1870 , Earp married his first wife , Urilla Sutherland Earp , who contracted typhoid fever and died shortly before their first child was to be born . During the next two years Earp was arrested for stealing a horse , escaped from jail , sued twice , and was arrested and fined three times during the course of 1872 for `` keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame '' . His third arrest was subject of a lengthy account in the `` Daily Transcript '' which referred to him as an `` old offender '' and nicknamed him the `` Peoria Bummer '' .   By 1874 he had arrived in the cattle boomtown of Wichita , Kansas where his brother had opened a brothel . On April 21 , 1875 he was appointed to the Wichita police force , and developed a solid reputation as a lawman . In April 1876 he was dismissed from his position as a lawman following an altercation with a political opponent of his boss which led to him being fined $ 30 . In 1876 , he followed his brother James to Dodge City , Kansas , where he became an assistant city marshal . In winter 1878 , he went to Texas to track down an outlaw and met John `` Doc '' Holliday , whom Earp later credited with saving his life .   Earp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another . He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved to Tombstone with his brothers James and Virgil , where a silver boom was underway . There , the Earps clashed with a loose federation of outlaws known as the Cowboys . Wyatt , Virgil , and their younger brother Morgan held various law enforcement positions that put them in conflict with Tom and Frank McLaury , and Ike and Billy Clanton , who threatened on several occasions to kill the Earps . The conflict escalated over the next year , culminating on October 26 , 1881 in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , in which the Earps and Holliday killed three of the Cowboys . In the next five months , Virgil was ambushed and maimed , and Morgan was assassinated . Pursuing a vendetta , Wyatt , his brother Warren , Holliday , and others formed a federal posse that killed three of the Cowboys whom they thought responsible . Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights in which he took part , unlike his brothers Virgil and James , or his friend , Doc Holliday , which only added to his mystique after his death .   Earp was a lifelong gambler and was always looking for a quick way to make money . After leaving Tombstone , Earp went to San Francisco where he reunited with Josephine Earp . She became his common-law wife . They joined a gold rush to Eagle City , Idaho , where they owned mining interests and a saloon . They left there to race horses and open a saloon during a real estate boom in San Diego , California . Back in San Francisco , Wyatt raced horses again , but his reputation suffered irreparably when he refereed the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey boxing match and called a foul that led many to believe that he fixed the fight . They moved briefly to Yuma , Arizona before joining the Nome Gold Rush in 1899 . In partnership with Charlie Hoxie they opened a two-story saloon called the Dexter and made an estimated $ 80,000 ( about $ 2 million in 2017 dollars ) . Returning to the lower 48 , they opened another saloon in Tonopah , Nevada , the site of a new gold find . In about 1911 , Earp began working several mining claims in Vidal , California , retiring in the hot summers with Josephine to Los Angeles .   Wyatt Earp died on January 13 , 1929 . He was known as a Western lawman , gunfighter , and boxing referee . He had a notorious reputation for both his handling of the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey fight and his role in the O.K. Corral gunfight . This only began to change after his death when an extremely flattering biography was published in 1931 . It became a bestseller and created his reputation as a fearless lawman . Since then , Earp has been the subject of and model for numerous films , TV shows , biographies , and works of fiction that have increased his notoriety . He did , however , live to see himself being portrayed in the film Wild Bill Hickok , released in 1923 . Long after his death , he has many devoted detractors and admirers . Earp 's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West 's `` toughest and deadliest gunman of his day . ''

neg: Earhart Earhart is a surname . Notable people with the surname include :   Amelia Earhart ( 1897 -- disappeared 1937 ) , American aviation pioneer and author  Daniel S. Earhart ( 1907 -- 1976 ) , U.S. Representative from Ohio  Fred A. Earhart , acting mayor of New Orleans for one day on July 15 , 1936  Harry Boyd Earhart ( 1870 -- 1954 ) , successful oil company executive  Ralph Earhart , former halfback in the National Football League  Will Earhart ( 1871 -- 1960 ) , pioneering American music educator

neg: Edward Everett Edward Everett ( April 11 , 1794 -- January 15 , 1865 ) was an American politician , pastor , educator , diplomat , and orator from Massachusetts . Everett , a Whig , served as U.S. Representative , U.S. Senator , the 15th Governor of Massachusetts , Minister to Great Britain , and United States Secretary of State . He also taught at Harvard University and served as its president .   Everett was one of the great American orators of the antebellum and Civil War eras . He is often remembered today as the featured orator at the dedication ceremony of the Gettysburg National Cemetery in 1863 , where he spoke for over two hoursimmediately before President Abraham Lincoln delivered his famous , two-minute Gettysburg Address .   The son of a pastor , Everett was educated at Harvard , and briefly ministered at Boston 's Brattle Street Church before taking a teaching job at Harvard . The position included preparatory studies in Europe , so Everett spent two years in studies at the University of Göttingen , and another two years traveling around Europe . At Harvard he taught ancient Greek literature for several years before becoming involved in politics , and began an extensive and popular speaking career . He served ten years in the United States Congress before winning election as Governor of Massachusetts in 1835 . As governor he introduced the state Board of Education , the first of its type in the nation .   After being defeated in the 1839 election by one vote , Everett was appointed Minister to Great Britain , serving until 1845 . He next became President of Harvard , a job he quickly came to dislike . In 1849 he became an assistant to longtime friend and colleague Daniel Webster , who had been appointed Secretary of State . Upon Webster 's death Everett served as Secretary of State for a few months until he was sworn in as U.S. Senator from Massachusetts . In the later years of his life Everett traveled , giving speeches all over the country . He supported efforts to maintain the Union before the Civil War , running for Vice President on the Constitutional Union Party ticket in 1860 . He was active in supporting the Union effort during the war and supported Lincoln in the 1864 election .

neg: Myles Deering Myles Lynn Deering ( born 1953 ) is a retired Army National Guard Major General who served as the Adjutant General of Oklahoma . General Deering was appointed by Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry in 2009 following the promotion of Harry M. Wyatt III to the position of Director , Air National Guard . On December 10 , 2010 , Governor-elect Mary Fallin announced that she would retain General Deering in his position as Adjutant General .   As Adjutant General , General Deering is the highest-ranking member of the Oklahoma National Guard . He is responsible for managing the affairs of the Oklahoma Military Department and for advising the Governor , who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Guard . Additionally , Governor Henry and Governor Fallin both appointed General Deering to serve as the Secretary of the Military in the Governor 's Cabinet .

neg: Enoch W. Eastman Enoch W. Eastman ( April 15 , 1810 -- January 9 , 1885 ) was an American politician .   Born in Deerfield , New Hampshire , Enoch Worthen Eastman studied law in New Hampshire and was admitted to the bar . He then moved to Iowa . Although a Democrat , he distinguished himself the first year of his residence in Iowa by taking the stump against the adoption of the Constitution recently framed by his party and helped to defeat it at the election . Under this Constitution the boundaries of the State would have extended north taking in a large portion of southeastern Minnesota and would have excluded all of the Missouri slope west of a line running north and south from near the west side of Kossuth and Ringgold counties . Enoch W. Eastman , Theodore S. Parvin and Frederick D. Mills , all Democrats and young men , warmly opposed the adoption of such boundaries and influenced enough of their Democratic associates to unite with the Whigs to defeat the Constitution . This was one of the most important public services ever rendered the State . When Iowa was called upon to contribute a stone for the Washington monument in 1850 , Enoch W. Eastman was the author of the inscription placed upon it : `` Iowa -- Her affections like the rivers of her borders , flow to an inseparable Union . '' Mr. Eastman removed to Oskaloosa in 1847 and to Eldora in 1857 . When the Civil War began he left the Democratic party and united with the Republicans .   Eastman was elected Lieutenant Governor of Iowa serving under Governor William M. Stone . In 1883 , Eastman was elected to the Iowa State Senate and died while in office .

neg: Charles A. Wickliffe Charles Anderson Wickliffe ( June 8 , 1788 -- October 31 , 1869 ) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky . He also served as Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives , the 14th Governor of Kentucky , and was appointed Postmaster General by President John Tyler . Though he consistently identified with the Whig Party , he was politically independent , and often had differences of opinion with Whig founder and fellow Kentuckian Henry Clay .   Wickliffe received a strong education in public school and through private tutors . He studied law and was part of a debate club that also included future U.S. Attorney General Felix Grundy and future Governor of Florida William Pope Duval . He was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1812 . A vigorous supporter of the War of 1812 , he served for a brief time as aide-de-camp to two American generals in the war . In 1823 , he was elected to the first of five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives . He returned to the state House in 1833 , and was elected the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 1836 . Governor James Clark died in office on October 5 , 1839 , and Wickliffe served as governor for the remaining nine months of Clark 's term .   President Tyler appointed Wickliffe as Postmaster General following Wickliffe 's term as governor . While aboard a steamship in 1844 , he was stabbed by a man who was later found to be insane . In 1845 , President James K. Polk sent Wickliffe on a secret mission to report on British and French intents with regard to annexing Texas and to assess the feasibility of the United States undertaking such an action . Wickliffe 's participation in this endeavor further distanced him from the Whigs .   In 1861 , Wickliffe was again elected to the U.S. House , serving a single term . He tried to avert the Civil War by serving as a delegate to both the 1861 Peace Conference and the Border States Convention . After war was declared , he sided with the Union cause . In 1863 , he again sought the office of governor , but federal military forces interfered with the election , resulting in a landslide victory for Thomas E. Bramlette . Later in life , Wickliffe was crippled in a carriage accident and also went completely blind . He died on October 31 , 1869 , while visiting his daughter in Maryland .

neg: United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America .   The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C.   As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere .   The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .

neg: Wild Bill Hickok (film) Wild Bill Hickok is a 1923 American Western silent film directed by Clifford Smith , and written by William S. Hart and J.G. Hawks . It stars William S. Hart , Ethel Grey Terry , Kathleen O'Connor , James Farley , Jack Gardner , Carl Gerard and William Dyer . The film was released on November 18 , 1923 , by Paramount Pictures . It was the first film to depict Wyatt Earp , although in a very brief role , and the only film made before he died in 1929 that included his character , until Law and Order was released in 1932 . A print of the film exists in the Museum of Modern Art film archive .

neg: North Carolina Commissioner of Labor The Commissioner of Labor of North Carolina is the head of the state 's Department of Labor .   The Constitution of North Carolina provides for the election by the people every four years of a Commissioner of Labor whose term of office runs concurrently with that of the governor . The commissioner is the administrative head of the Department of Labor and also serves as a member of the North Carolina Council of State . The original ` Bureau of Labor Statistics ' , the historical precursor of the present N.C. Department of Labor , was created by the North Carolina General Assembly of 1887 , with provision for appointment by the governor of a ` Commissioner of Labor Statistics ' for a two-year term . In 1899 another act was passed providing that the commissioner , beginning with the general election of 1900 , be elected by the people for a four-year term .   For three decades , the department over which this newly elected commissioner presided remained a very small agency of state government with limited duties and personnel . In 1925 , the department employed a total of 15 people . In a general reorganization of the state 's labor administration functions in 1931 , the General Assembly laid the broad groundwork for the Department of Labor 's subsequent , gradual development into an agency administering laws and programs affecting a majority of North Carolina citizens .   Today , the North Carolina Department of Labor is charged by statute with promoting the ` health , safety and general well-being ' of the state 's more than three million working people . The many laws and programs under its jurisdiction affect virtually every person in the state in one way or another . The General Statutes provide the commissioner with broad regulatory and enforcement powers with which to carry out the department 's duties and responsibilities to the people .

neg: Utah Attorney General The Attorney General of Utah is the chief legal officer and legal adviser in the state of Utah . The office is elected , with a term of four years .

neg: Inauguration of Franklin Pierce The inauguration of Franklin Pierce as the 14th President of the United States was held on Friday , March 4 , 1853 on the East Portico at the United States Capitol in Washington , D.C. . The inauguration marked the commencement of Franklin Pierce 's only four-year term as President and William R. King 's only term as Vice President . Chief Justice Roger B. Taney administered the presidential oath of office . Pierce affirmed the oath of office rather than swear it , and was also the first president to recite his inaugural address from memory .   Ill with tuberculosis , King was in Cuba in an effort to recover in the warmer climate , and was not able to be in Washington to take his oath of office on March 4 . By a Special Act of Congress , he was allowed to take the oath outside the United States , and was sworn in on March 24 , 1853 . He is the only vice president to be sworn in in a foreign country . King died days into his term , and the office remained vacant for the balance of it . ( Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967 , no constitutional provision existed for filling an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency . )

neg: Slave Power The Slave Power or Slaveocracy was the perceived political power in the U.S. federal government held by slave owners during the 1840s and 1850s , prior to the Civil War . Antislavery campaigners during this period bitterly complained about what they saw as disproportionate and corrupt influence wielded by wealthy Southerners . The argument was that this small group of rich slave owners had seized political control of their own states and were trying to take over the federal government in an illegitimate fashion in order to expand and protect slavery . The argument was widely used by the Republican Party that formed in 1854 -- 55 to oppose the expansion of slavery .   The main issue expressed by the term slave power was distrust of the political power of the slave-owning class . Such distrust was shared by many who were not abolitionists ; those who were motivated more by a possible threat to the political balance or the impossibility of competing with unwaged slave labor , than by concern over the treatment of slaves . Those who differed on many other issues ( such as hating blacks or liking them , denouncing slavery as a sin or promising to guarantee its protection in the Deep South ) could unite to attack the slaveocracy . The `` Free Soil '' element emphasized that rich slave owners would move into new territory , use their cash to buy up all the good lands , then use their slaves to work the lands , leaving little opportunity room for free farmers . By 1854 the Free Soil Party had largely merged into the new Republican party .   The term was popularized by antislavery writers such as John Gorham Palfrey , Josiah Quincy III , Horace Bushnell , James Shepherd Pike , and Horace Greeley . Politicians who emphasized the theme included John Quincy Adams , Henry Wilson and William Pitt Fessenden . Abraham Lincoln used the concept after 1854 but not the term . They showed through a combination of emotive argument and hard statistical data that the South had long held a disproportionate level of power in the United States . Historian Allan Nevins contends that `` nearly all groups ... steadily substituted emotion for reason . ... Fear fed hatred , and hatred fed fear . ''   The existence of a Slave Power was dismissed by Southerners at the time , and rejected as false by many historians of the 1920s and 1930s , who stressed the internal divisions in the South before 1850 . The idea that the Slave Power existed has partly come back at the hands of neoabolitionist historians since 1970 , and there is no doubt that it was a powerful factor in the Northern anti-slavery belief system . It was standard rhetoric for all factions of the Republican party .

neg: Posse Comitatus Act The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law ( , original at ) signed on June 18 , 1878 by President Rutherford B. Hayes . The purpose of the act -- in concert with the Insurrection Act of 1807 -- is to limit the powers of the federal government in using federal military personnel to enforce domestic policies within the United States . It was passed as an amendment to an army appropriation bill following the end of Reconstruction , and was subsequently updated in 1956 and 1981 .   The Act only specifically applies to the United States Army and , as amended in 1956 , the United States Air Force . While the Act does not explicitly mention the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps , the Department of the Navy has prescribed regulations that are generally construed to give the Act force with respect to those services as well . The Act does not apply to the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard under state authority from acting in a law enforcement capacity within its home state or in an adjacent state if invited by that state 's governor . The United States Coast Guard , which operates under the Department of Homeland Security , is not covered by the Posse Comitatus Act either , primarily because although the Coast Guard is an armed service , it also has both a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency mission .   The title of the act comes from the legal concept of Posse comitatus , the authority under which a county sheriff , or other law officer , conscripts any able-bodied man to assist him in keeping the peace .

neg: Dawes Act The Dawes Act of 1887 ( also known as the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ) ,  adopted by Congress in 1887 , authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians . Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship . The Dawes Act was amended in 1891 , in 1898 by the Curtis Act , and again in 1906 by the Burke Act .   The Act was named for its creator , Senator Henry Laurens Dawes of Massachusetts . The objectives of the Dawes Act were to lift the Native Americans out of poverty , to stimulate assimilation of them into mainstream American society , and to transfer lands under Indian control to white settlers . Individual household ownership of land and subsistence farming on the European-American model was seen as an essential step . The act provided that the government would classify as `` excess '' those Indian reservation lands remaining after allotments , and sell those lands on the open market , allowing purchase and settlement by non-Native Americans .   The Dawes Commission , set up under an Indian Office appropriation bill in 1893 , was created to try to persuade the Five Civilized Tribes to agree to allotment plans . ( They had been excluded from the Dawes Act by their treaties . ) This commission registered the members of the Five Civilized Tribes on what became known as the Dawes Rolls .   The Curtis Act of 1898 amended the Dawes Act to extend its provisions to the Five Civilized Tribes ; it required abolition of their governments , allotment of communal lands to people registered as tribal members , and sale of lands declared surplus , as well as dissolving tribal courts . This completed the extinguishment of tribal land titles in Indian Territory , preparing it to be admitted to the Union as the state of Oklahoma .   During the ensuing decades , the Five Civilized Tribes lost 90 million acres of former communal lands , which were sold to non-Natives . In addition , many individuals , unfamiliar with land ownership , became the target of speculators and criminals , were stuck with allotments that were too small for profitable farming , and lost their household lands . Tribe members also suffered from the breakdown of the social structure of the tribes .   During the Great Depression , the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration supported passage on June 18 , 1934 of the US Indian Reorganization Act ( also known as the Wheeler-Howard Law ) . It ended land allotment and created a `` New Deal '' for Indians , renewing their rights to reorganize and form their self-governments .

neg: Arkansas Attorney General The Arkansas Attorney General is an executive position and constitutional officer within the Arkansas government . The Attorney General is the chief law enforcement/legal officer and lawyer for Arkansas . The position is elected every four years , e.g. 2006 and 2010 , at the same time as the Governor .   The current Attorney General is Republican Leslie Rutledge , who was elected on November 4 , 2014 and sworn in as the 56th Attorney General of Arkansas on January 13 , 2015 . She is the first Republican ever to serve as Arkansas Attorney General , as well as the first woman .   The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton , as he later became President of the United States ; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978 . Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett , Joe Purcell , Ray Thornton , Jim Guy Tucker , Mark Pryor , Steve Clark and Mike Beebe . Until Rutledge took office , Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction .   According to the official website , the duties of the Attorney General include representing state agencies and commissions in courts of law , giving opinions on issues presented by legislators and prosecutors , handling criminal matters and habeas corpus matters in the state , and advocating for citizens on issues pertaining to the environment , antitrust , and consumer protection .

neg: Oklahoma Senate The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma , the other being the Oklahoma House of Representatives . The total number of senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution .   Senators approve or reject gubernatorial appointments , and contribute to the creation of both state law and an annual state budget . Every ten years , they aid in drawing new boundaries for Oklahoma 's electoral districts . The Oklahoma Senate also serves as a court of impeachment .   The presiding officer of the Senate is the Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma , who is the President of the Senate . Since the 1960s , the President Pro Tempore of the Senate has presided over daily work . Prior to that time , the President of the Senate took a leading role in the Senate , including appointing committees and members to those committees . The President of the Senate may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie vote and may not vote to create a tie .

neg: Frank L. Houx Frank Lee Houx ( December 12 , 1854 -- April 3 , 1941 ) was an American politician , who served as the tenth Governor of Wyoming .   Houx was born near Lexington , Missouri , the second of five children of George W. Houx and Fannie ( Price ) Houx . The elder Houx served in the Confederate States Army under General Sterling ( `` Old Pap '' ) Price , a distant cousin , and uncle of his wife . The future Governor grew up on his father 's farm .   Houx married Augusta Camp in 1875 , and sired two daughters and a son . ( The birth year of Frank Houx is variously listed as 1854 , 1859 , and 1860 ; given his 1875 marriage , 1854 is accepted . )   He took up the study of law , reading in the office of John S. Blackwell , of Lexington , Missouri . Houx did not complete his course , however , turning his attention to commercial interests . He graduated from Shaw 's Business College in Kansas City , Missouri in 1884 . The next year , he moved to Montana and went into the cattle business . In 1895 , he took up residence in Cody , Wyoming , where he went into politics .   On April 10 , 1898 , he was widowed . The next year , he remarried Ida Mason Christy , with whom he had one son and three daughters .   For a time , Houx was associated with Colonel William F. Cody ( `` Buffalo Bill '' ) , in the construction of the Cody canal and other projects .   In 1901 when the town of Cody was incorporated , he first sought office , becoming the town 's first Mayor . During his first term as Mayor , he also served as police judge from 1902 to 1903 . He was re-elected to a second mayoral term in 1905 . During the next four years , the town built a residence for him ; this two-story A-frame building still stands , and now serves as a bed and breakfast known as the `` Mayor 's Inn . ''   In 1910 , he became the first Democrat to be elected Secretary of State of Wyoming , an office to which he was re-elected in 1914 . When Governor John B. Kendrick resigned his office on February 26 , 1917 after being elected to the United States Senate , Houx became Acting Governor , and he served until the expiration of Kendrick 's term , leaving office on January 6 , 1919 .   During his service as governor during World War I , Houx mobilized the National Guard of Wyoming for federal service , appointed the Wyoming Council for National Defense , and nominated persons to administer the Selective Service draft . He was an advocate of prison reform and a proponent of Prohibition .   He sought election as governor in his own right in 1918 , but was defeated by Republican candidate Robert D. Carey . Houx then went into the oil refining business in Texas , but returned to Cody in 1935 . He died in the famous Irma Hotel in Cody in 1941 at the age of 86 , and was interred in Cody Cemetery . The autobiography he wrote in 1939 was published in serial form by the Cody Enterprise ( newspaper ) in the months following his death .

neg: Archibald Williams (judge) Archibald Williams ( June 10 , 1801 -- September 21 , 1863 ) was a United States federal judge .   Born in Montgomery County , Kentucky , Williams read law to enter the bar in 1828 . He was in private practice in Quincy , Illinois beginning in 1829 . He was the United States Attorney for the District of Illinois from 1849 to 1853 . He served in both the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois State Senate .   On March 8 , 1861 , Williams was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Kansas created by 12 Stat . 126 . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 12 , 1861 , and received his commission the same day . Williams served in that capacity until his death , in 1863 , in Quincy , Illinois .   Archibald Williams 's historical significance was based on his close friendship with Abraham Lincoln , the 16th President of the United States , who issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves . Lincoln was from Springfield , Illinois , and Williams was from Quincy , Illinois , a port city on the Mississippi River along the western border of the state . The two men were close political allies in the Whig Party and , later on , in the newly founded Republican Party . They first met when serving in the Illinois state legislature in the early 1830 's . They were compatriots for 29 years .   Archibald Williams led the life of a political party workhorse , first for the Whig Party and then the Republicans . He served in the Illinois state legislature , made two unsuccessful runs for the U.S. Senate as a Whig , played a leading role at the Illinois state Constitutional Convention of 1847 , chaired many important political meetings in Quincy , Illinois , attended many state political party conventions , made an unsuccessful run for the U.S. House of Representatives , and in 1858 campaigned in Illinois for his friend Abraham Lincoln . In all recorded instances , Archibald Williams gave Abraham Lincoln his true and unwavering support .   Archibald Williams died in 1863 . By that time , Abraham Lincoln was President of the United States and the leader of the Northern states during the American Civil War .   Birth and Early Life   Archibald Williams was born in Montgomery County , Kentucky , on June 10 , 1801 . He was the son of John Williams and Amelia Gill Williams . He grew up in Kentucky , qualified to be a lawyer in the neighboring state of Tennessee , and then moved west with some of his brothers and sisters to Quincy , Illinois . As a young attorney , he rode circuit , going from county court to county court arguing legal cases . He was particularly noted for taking cases on appeal , and he argued many cases before the Illinois state Supreme Court .   He married Nancy Kemp , who also had come from Kentucky , on July 28 , 1831 . They had nine children , but only five grew up to be adults . For several months in early 1832 he served as a volunteer in the Black Hawk War against Native Americans . In the fall of 1832 he strongly supported Henry Clay for President of the United States .   At the Illinois State Legislature   Archibald Williams was elected to the Illinois state Senate in 1832 . He studied and reported on School Financing to the state Senate , arguing for local control of schools rather than establishing a statewide system . Later in his legislative career , he labeled the Illinois Internal Improvements program `` Infernal Improvements '' due to its financial difficulties leading to bankruptcy .   Abraham Lincoln was elected to the state legislature in 1834 . Archibald Williams and Lincoln became good friends and both subsequently joined the Whig Party . Lincoln was said to have seen Archibald Williams as a great `` reasoner . '' The two men were described as `` sitting next to each other in the southeast corner of the statehouse . '' It was noted : `` Lincoln did not hesitate to consult Williams at all times , and the two men were often associated in legal work . ''   Twice the Whig Candidate for U.S. Senator   Archibald Williams ran for the United States Senate as a Whig in 1836 and in 1842 . At those times the selection of U.S. senators was made by both houses of the state legislature . Lincoln voted for Archibald Williams the first time he ran for U.S. Senator in 1836 . The second time Archibald Williams ran , in 1842 , Lincoln was no longer in the state legislature and thus could not vote for his friend . In both instances , Archibald Williams was not elected .   Witnessed Abraham Lincoln 's Admission to U.S. Courts   Abraham Lincoln was admitted to practice law in the United States Circuit Court on December 3 , 1839 . U.S Court Judge Nathaniel Pope presided over the ceremony . A Quincy , Illinois , newspaper noted that Archibald Williams was present at the ceremony .   Presided Over Whig Party State Conventions in Illinois   Archibald Williams presided over a Whig Party state convention meeting in Springfield , Illinois , in 1843 . Abraham Lincoln attended the convention and was elected a Whig Party presidential elector for the 1844 presidential election . Unfortunately for the Whigs , Democrat James K. Polk of Tennessee won the presidential election .   In June of 1844 , Archibald Williams was elected president of an Illinois state Whig Party convention in Peoria , Illinois . Abraham Lincoln spoke to the convention in support of the United States charging higher tariffs on imported goods , a major Whig position at the time .   Supported African Colonization of Freed Slaves   Along with Abraham Lincoln , Archibald Williams in the 1840 's supported the African colonization of freed slaves by joining the Illinois colonization society . Although opposed to slavery , both men believed Southerners should be allowed to keep their slaves but also should be urged to free their slaves voluntarily and return them to Africa . This was thought to be a reasonable and non-coercive solution to the slavery problem .   The Mormon Problem in Illinois   Joining with his friend and fellow Quincy lawyer Orville Browning , Archibald Williams in 1840 helped to defend Mormon leader Joseph Smith from being extradited to Missouri to face possible execution for alleged crimes . Joseph Smith was the founder of the Church of Latter Day Saints ( Mormons ) , and he and his church were unpopular because of the voting power of his supporters and their belief in men having multiple wives . Thanks to Browning 's and Williams 's arguments in court , Smith was not extradited to Missouri but remained in Illinois and founded a Mormon colony at Nauvoo , Illinois .   Four years later , in 1844 , Smith and his brother Hyrum were murdered by a mob while incarcerated in the jail at Carthage , Illinois . Williams and Browning switched sides and helped to defend in court the accused murderers of Joseph and Hyrum Smith . The murderers were all found not-guilty .   Shortly afterward , Archibald Williams chaired a meeting in Quincy , Illinois , that sought to arrange for a peaceful departure of the Mormons from Illinois to the far western state of Utah . Archibald Williams appointed a delegation of Quincy citizens that traveled to Nauvoo and convinced the new Mormon leader , Brigham Young , to leave Illinois for Utah in an orderly manner . Brigham Young said the Mormons could not leave immediately , but when `` grass grows and water runs , '' both signs of spring . The following spring the Mormons peacefully left Illinois for Utah , traveling mainly by wagon train .   The Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1847   Archibald Williams was elected to the Illinois state Constitutional Convention of 1847 as a Whig . The convention met in the state capitol in Springfield , Illinois , and proceeded to write an improved state constitution . Williams was elected in a Democratic district against a Democratic candidate . Although the Democrats had a majority of the delegates to the convention , the Whigs could break away Democratic votes when they needed them and ended up dominating the convention . A historian noted : `` James W. Singleton of Mount Sterling , Archibald Williams of Quincy , and David M. Woodson of Carrollton aggressively upheld the Whig cause against the attacks of various capable Democratic opponents . ''   At the constitutional convention , Archibald Williams and the Whig Party supported the rights of property , strict voting requirements in state elections , and allowing the state legislature to override the governor 's veto by a majority vote rather than a two-thirds vote . Two issues were sent to the state 's voters - one calling for the creation of an Illinois state bank and the other limiting the immigration into Illinois of freed slaves from the slave states . The voters of Illinois rejected the idea of an Illinois state bank but approved limiting the immigration of freed slaves .   Archibald Williams gave a major speech at the constitutional convention opposing the idea that the Illinois Supreme Court should meet at various locations throughout the state rather than only in the state capital of Springfield . After the constitutional convention adjourned , the voters of Illinois approved the new constitution by a ratio of almost 4 to 1 .   The Constitutional Convention of 1847 was a landmark in the legal and political career of Archibald Williams . He succeeded in furthering the ideals and policies of the Whig Party against stiff Democratic Party opposition . He was three months in Springfield , the state capital , meeting and working with many of the leading politicians and government officials from throughout the state . It helped to make him a significant figure in Illinois political and governmental history .   The `` Lincoln Letter '' to Archibald Williams   In the 1848 presidential election , Abraham Lincoln was backing General Zachary Taylor , a Mexican War hero , for the Whig Party nomination . A problem developed when Orville H. Browning , a Whig Party leader in Quincy , Illinois , supported the nomination of past Whig Party favorite Henry Clay . On April 30 , 1848 , Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to Archibald Williams urging him to support Zachary Taylor and , if possible , also enlist the support of Browning . The letter read :   Washington , April 30 , 1848  Dear Williams ,   I have not seen in the papers and evidence of a movement to send a delegate from your circuit to the June convention - I wish to say that I think it all important that a delegate should be sent - Mr. Clay 's chance for election is just no chance at all . He might get New  York , and that would have elected in 1844 but it will not now ; because he must now at the  least , have Tennessee , which he had then and , in addition , the fifteen new votes of Florida , Texas , Iowa , and Wisconsin . I know that our good friend Browning is a great admirer of Mr. Clay , and I therefore fear he is favoring his nomination . If he is , ask him to discard feeling , and try if he can possibly , as a matter of judgement , count the votes necessary to elect him .   In my judgment , we can elect nobody but Gen. Taylor , and we can not elect him without a nomination - Therefore do n't fail to send a delegation -   Your friend as ever ,  A. Lincoln   This letter demonstrates the close friendship and easygoing familiarity between Abraham Lincoln and Archibald Williams . It also reveals Lincoln 's developing skills as an up and coming Illinois politician . It is not known whether Archibald Williams prevailed on Orville Browning to support Zachary Taylor for the Whig nomination for president in 1848 . What is known is that Zachary Taylor not only gained the Whig Party nomination but also won the presidency .   Named U.S. District Attorney for Illinois   Once in the White House in Washington , D.C. , newly elected President Zachary Taylor appointed Archibald Williams the United States District Attorney for the state of Illinois . Abraham Lincoln had sent the following letter in support of Williams 's nomination :   Washington , March 8 , 1849  Hon : John M. Clayton  Secretary of State   Dear Sir :  We Recommend that Archibald Williams , of Quincy , Illinois , be appointed U.S. District Attorney for the District of Illinois , when that office shall become vacant .   Your Obt . Servts .  A. Lincoln   As U.S. District Attorney for Illinois , it was Archibald Williams 's job to prosecute cases in the U.S. District Court . The job became more difficult for Williams in 1850 when Congress enacted the Compromise of 1850 , which included a new Fugitive Slave Law . This law required Williams , in his role as U.S. District Attorney , to oversee the capture of runaway slaves and their return to their owners in the South . Williams was opposed to slavery personally but , in the 1850 's , acknowledged the right of slave owners in the South to keep their slaves . He fully discharged his duties under the Fugitive Slave Act .   Death of Nancy Kemp Williams   Archibald Williams 's wife , Nancy Kemp Williams , died on March 16 , 1854 , giving birth to a daughter , Nancy Williams . The baby survived the birth and lived to be an adult . Archibald and Nancy Williams had been married for 22 years .   Candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1854   In the early 1850 's , U.S. Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois sought the adoption of the Kansas and Nebraska acts . The bills provided for Kansas and Nebraska to become territories with provision for `` popular sovereignty , '' the idea that the citizens of each new territory would be allowed to vote on whether the territory should be slave or free . This produced a sharp reaction on the part of those opposed to slavery in the territories , because the Missouri Compromise of 1820 had stated that the lands that comprised Kansas and Nebraska should be free territory , not slave territory .   The result was the anti-Nebraska movement , which opposed popular sovereignty for Nebraska on the grounds that the citizens of the territory might vote for slavery and thereby spread slavery further into the territories . Archibald Williams and Abraham Lincoln both became anti-Nebraska men . For his part , Archibald Williams ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1854 on a strong anti-Nebraska platform .   Williams was running against incumbent Democratic Representative William A. Richardson , a formidable opponent . The U.S. House district that comprised Quincy , Illinois , was strongly Democratic . On the other hand , Richardson was a close political ally of Stephen Douglas and had strongly backed popular sovereignty for Nebraska in the U.S. House . Williams and his supporters hoped the wave of anti-Nebraska sentiment sweeping the northern states might just be strong enough to defeat Richardson , despite the strong Democratic voting tendency of the House district .   On October 31 , 1854 , Abraham Lincoln arrived in Quincy , Illinois , to give a speech in support of Archibald Williams 's candidacy for the U.S. House of Representatives . It took two days for him to travel by railroad and stagecoach to Quincy . In a letter to a friend and political ally , Lincoln wrote : `` I am here now going to Quincy , to try to give Mr. -LSB- Archibald -RSB- Williams a little life . ''   Even with Abraham Lincoln 's help , Archibald Williams lost the election to William Richardson . The overall election was a success for the anti-Nebraska movement , however , as the anti-Nebraska forces won enough seats to gain a majority in the U.S. House of Representatives . After 1854 , Archibald Williams and Abraham Lincoln and other anti-Nebraskans took the lead in forming the Republican Party in Illinois around the issue of `` no slavery in the territories . ''   An Archibald Williams Committee Influences Lincoln   Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter in which he said he was ready to `` fuse '' with other anti-slavery groups according to `` principles '' adopted at a public meeting in Quincy , Illinois . The purpose of fusion was to bring many disparate anti-slavery groups together to form the Republican Party . Lincoln 's letter noted that the principles had been drawn up by a three-person committee led `` by Mr. Archibald Williams . '' The principles centered on the idea that Southern slave owners could keep their slaves but that slavery would be forbidden in the territories .   Archibald Williams and his committee either influenced Lincoln directly on `` fusion , '' or else they confirmed a position on `` fusion '' that Lincoln had already adopted .   At the United States Supreme Court   Archibald Williams argued a case before the United States Supreme Court on December 6 and 7 , 1855 . Orville Browning , Williams 's good friend from Quincy , Illinois , was the opposing lawyer . The issue in dispute dealt with rival claims for lands and centered on whether the question of `` bad faith '' in the matter should be decided by a judge or by a jury . The Court ruled in Wright v. Mattison that `` bad faith '' should not be decided by the judge but by the jury , which had been the precedent . The Court ordered the case to be retried in a lower court . The outcome was a victory for Browning and a loss for Williams .   The Beginnings of the Republican Party in Illinois   In 1856 , Archibald Williams was the temporary chairman at a major anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington , Illinois . Williams led the convention until a permanent chairman had been elected . While attending the convention , Abraham Lincoln and Archibald Williams slept in the same bed at the Bloomington home of David Davis , a close friend of both men.A historian noted :   `` At Bloomington , Lincoln , Archibald Williams , his old associate in the Legislature , -LSB- and -RSB- T. Lyle Dickey , of Ottawa -LSB- Illinois -RSB- , a good lawyer , went to -LSB- David -RSB- Davis 's house and lived there during the Convention . Lincoln and Williams slept in one bed and Dickey and Whitney in another ... The course of the historic Bloomfield Convention was decisively influenced by the counsels that came from the steady men in the Davis House . ''   Although the name `` Republican '' was applied at a later date , the anti-Nebraska convention in Bloomington was considered the birthplace of the Republican Party in Illinois .   The Election of 1858   In 1858 , at a state party convention in Springfield , Illinois , Abraham Lincoln was nominated to be the Republican candidate for U.S. Senator from Illinois . A resolution passed at the convention stated that Lincoln `` was the first and only choice of the Republicans of Illinois for the U.S. Senate . ''   In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates in the 1858 Illinois U.S. Senate race , Democratic candidate Stephen Douglas attacked Lincoln three times for having been described as `` the first and only choice '' of Illinois Republicans for the Senate seat . All three times , Douglas pointed to Archibald Williams as an Illinois Republican who would have been an acceptable alternate choice to Lincoln in that contest .   Archibald Williams traveled and spoke throughout the state of Illinois in Lincoln 's behalf during the 1858 U.S. Senate race . A newspaper in Quincy , Illinois , allied with the Republican Party , printed : `` Old Archie Williams is doing good service for the Republican cause ... He has already spoken at Macomb , Oquawka , Monmouth , Cameron , Galesburg , and other points ... to large assemblages ; and everywhere , he has created enthusiasm and confidence among our friends and animated the lukewarm ... In the winter of his life ... Mr. Williams is found battling for the cause of Republicanism . ''   The Illinois state legislature chose Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln in the 1858 U.S. Senate race . A close friend of Lincoln 's wrote : `` In January , 1859 , while the Democrats were celebrating the election of Stephen A. Douglas to the United States Senate , Archibald Williams ... came into Lincoln 's office and finding him writing said : ` Well , the Democrats are making a great noise over their victory . ' Looking up Lincoln replied : ` Yes , Archie , Douglas has taken this trick , but the game is not played out . ' ''   The Lincoln-Douglas debates became so well-known that Lincoln gave personally signed presentation copies of the debates to his best friends and political associates . The one given to Archibald Williams was inscribed in Lincoln 's handwriting : `` To Hon : Archibald Williams , with respects of A. Lincoln . '' It was one more sign of Lincoln 's close friendship and strong political alliance with Archibald Williams .   The Presidential Election of 1860   On December 25 , 1859 , a number of leading Republicans in Quincy , Illinois , including Archibald Williams , met with Horace Greeley , a prominent national journalist and editor of the New York Tribune . Greeley had famously stated `` Go west , young man . Go west ! '' Williams and the other Quincy Republicans talked to Greeley about Abraham Lincoln possibly becoming the Republican candidate for President in 1860 . Archibald Williams spoke throughout Illinois in behalf of Abraham Lincoln during Lincoln 's successful 1860 campaign for the White House in Washington , D.C.   Almost on the Supreme Court ,  Then U.S. District Judge in Kansas   Following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1860 , Abraham Lincoln offered Archibald Williams a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court . Williams refused the offer due to ill health and advanced age . Williams recommended that Lincoln appoint a younger court nominee who could live for more years and thereby serve longer on the Court .   Archibald Williams was then appointed by President Lincoln to be the Judge for the U.S. District Court of Kansas . Williams was the first person to hold the office of U.S. District Court Judge in Kansas , because Kansas had just been admitted to the Union as a state . Williams moved to Topeka , Kansas , the state capital , where he served more than two years as U.S. Judge . He moved back to Quincy , Illinois , shortly before his death on September 21 , 1863 .   During his tenure as the U.S. District Court Judge for Kansas , Archibald Williams worked on such issues as building a branch of the transcontinental railroad across Kansas , fair treatment of Native Americans in railroad matters , and the loyalty to the Union cause of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Kansas . Also while in Kansas , Williams married his second wife , Ellen M. Parker , on September 24 , 1861 . The marriage lasted a little less than two years until Archibald Williams death .   While serving as the U.S. Judge for Kansas , Archibald Williams traveled to Washington , D.C. , and , on May 29 , 1962 , paid a last visit to his old friend Abraham Lincoln in the White House .   Death and Burial of Archibald Williams   Archibald Williams was praised in obituaries as a leading attorney in Illinois in the mid-19th Century . His many political and governmental activities were noted , along with his deep friendship with Abraham Lincoln . The bar association in Quincy , Illinois , donated a large marble grave marker for Williams . The base of the marker was a stack of law books ; an obelisk was placed on top of the law books . He was buried in Woodland Cemetery in Quincy , Illinois , at a grave site that overlooks the Mississippi River .

neg: Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986 The Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986 ( 74 O.S. Sections 10.1 -- 10.4 ) is an Oklahoma state law that requires the Governor of Oklahoma to organize the various 500 or more departments , agencies , boards , commissions and other entities of the state 's executive branch into a cabinet system . The act grouped state agencies into clusters with an informational link to a cabinet secretary . But the legislation stopped short of consolidating agencies or the decision-making authority of the agencies , boards and commissions .   For example , the State Transportation Secretary , Gary Ridley as cabinet secretary , does not have direct statutory authority over either the State Highway Commission ( and its Director ) or the State Turnpike Authority ( and its Director ) . However , Ridley concurrently holds all 3 titles so at the present time authority is consolidated , albeit in a temporary ad hoc manner .   Similarly , the Secretary of Education has no authority over the State Department of Education , State Regents for Higher Education , CareerTech Department or State Chancellor for Higher Education .   The Executive Branch Reform Act was signed into law by Governor George Nigh on June 6 , 1986 .

neg: Samuel A. McElwee Samuel McElwee was born a slave in 1857 in Madison County , Tennessee . His parents were Robert and Georgianna McElwee . He was a lawyer and the most influential Republic party leader in Haywood County , Tennessee during Reconstruction . He served in Tennessee General Assembly from 1883 to 1888 . He was the first African American to serve three terms in legislature and also the first one to be nominated as the Speaker of the House .   After emancipation , his family moved to a farm in Haywood County , Tennessee in 1866 . He attended Freedmen 's Bureau Schools where he was taught by his former slave master 's children . Therefore , he moved quickly through school . In 1875 , he attended Oberlin College in Ohio for a year . Then he returned to south and taught at a school for three years . He studied Latin , German , and mathematics with a Vanderbilt student whose recommendation got him a Peabody Scholarship to Fisk University . In 1878 , he enrolled at the Fisk University and graduated in 1883 . While still a student at the University , he got elected to the General Assembly from Haywood County . He opened up a grocery store in Haywood County and started reading law on his own . While serving in legislature he attended Nashville 's Central Tennessee College 's Law School and obtained a law degree in 1886 .   During his second term , he was nominated by a former U.S. Senator Roderick R. Butler to be the speaker of the House of Representatives in 1885 , and received 32 of the 93 votes . He was the head of the Tennessee Republican Convention and was a delegate to the national convention in Chicago in 1884 . He was the first African American to be elected three times for a legislative term in Tennessee . He had spoken at the Tuskegee Institute as a commencement speaker in 1887 . During the same year , in his third term he proposed a bill that would ensure fairer jury selection . The bill was tabled by a vote of 41-36 .   He served during an era when Jim Crowism was in effect . In 1888 , he campaigned for a fourth term , but was not elected . This was due to voting fraud and intimidation . McElwee and his family left the Haywood County because of violence against African Americans . He had established a newspaper and a law firm in Nashville , but then he and his family , again moved to Chicago in July 1901 . He also started a law practice there and spent the rest of his life there . He died in Chicago on October 21 , 1914 .

neg: Frank Stilwell Frank C. Stilwell ( ca. 1856 -- March 20 , 1882 ) was an outlaw Cowboy who killed at least two men in Cochise County during 1877 -- 82 . Both killings were considered to have been self-defense . For four months he was a deputy sheriff in Tombstone , Arizona Territory for Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan . Stilwell owned interests in several mines and various businesses , including a saloon , a wholesale liquor business , a stage line , and at his death livery stables in Charleston and Bisbee . He was also a partner in a Bisbee-area saloon with ex-Texas Ranger Pete Spence .   He was closely involved in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral on October 26 , 1881 , and was suspected in the murder of Morgan Earp on March 18 , 1882 . Two days after Morgan 's death , Frank Stilwell was killed by Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp in a Tucson train yard . Arrest warrants were issued for Earp and four others in his gang suspected of murdering Stilwell . Murder indictments were issued at Pima County for Wyatt Earp , Doc Holliday , Warren Earp , Sherman McMaster and John Johnson . Earp agreed to turn himself in but instead fled the Arizona Territory for Colorado . Wyatt Earp admitted late in his life to killing Stilwell at close range with a shotgun .


query: The West Wing is a constituent of the White House.

pos: West Wing The West Wing of the White House , also known as the Executive Office Building , houses the offices of the President of the United States . The West Wing contains the Oval Office , the Cabinet Room , the Situation Room , and the Roosevelt Room .   The West Wing 's three floors contain offices for the White House Chief of Staff , the Counselor to the President , the Senior Advisor to the President , the White House Press Secretary , and their support staffs . The Vice-President has an office in the building , but his primary office is next door in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building .   The James S. Brady Press Briefing Room -- where the Press Secretary makes announcements and gives daily briefings to reporters -- is located in the West Colonnade of the White House , between the West Wing and the Executive Residence .

neg: Yellow Oval Room The Yellow Oval Room is an oval room located on the south side of the second floor in the White House , the official residence of the President of the United States . First used as a drawing room in the John Adams administration it has been used as a library , office , and family parlor . Today the Yellow Oval Room is used for small receptions and for greeting heads of states immediately before a State Dinner .   The room is entered from the Center Hall on the north side of the room . Three large windows on the south side of the room face the South Lawn and The Ellipse . The southwest window has a swing-sash door leading to the Truman Balcony . Double doors on the west side of the room , with flags of the United States and of the presidency on either side , lead to the president and first lady 's bedrooms , private sitting room and dressing room .

neg: Living room In Western architecture , a living room , also called a lounge room , lounge or sitting room , is a room in a residential house or apartment for relaxing and socializing . Such a room is sometimes called a front room when it is near the main entrance at the front of the house . In large formal homes , a sitting room is often a small private living area adjacent to a bedroom , such as the Queen 's Sitting Room and the Lincoln Sitting Room of the White House . The term living room was coined in the late 19th or early 20th century .

neg: List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term ( or less ) in office usually either due to death , resignation , or defeat . In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection . A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate . Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln , who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States ; John Marshall , who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; William Pennington , who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election ; Joseph Pulitzer , the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term ; George Sutherland , who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice ; and William M. `` Boss '' Tweed , who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall , the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century ; and Isidor Straus , the co-owner of Macy 's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic .

neg: Congressional office buildings The congressional office buildings are the office buildings used by the United States Congress to augment the limited space in the United States Capitol . The congressional office buildings are part of the Capitol Complex are thus under the authority of the Architect of the Capitol and protected by the United States Capitol Police . The office buildings house the individual offices of each U.S. Representative and Senator as well as committee hearing rooms , staff rooms , multiple cafeterias , and areas for support , committee , and maintenance staff . The congressional office buildings are connected to the Capitol by means of several underground trains -- the Capitol Subway System . Congressional pages are responsible for carrying packages and messages from the two chambers to the buildings .   The three Senate office buildings are along Constitution Avenue north of the Capitol :  Russell Senate Office Building ( RSOB , completed 1908 )  Dirksen Senate Office Building ( DSOB , completed 1958 )  Hart Senate Office Building ( HSOB , completed 1982 )   The three House office buildings are along Independence Avenue south of the Capitol :  Cannon House Office Building ( CHOB , completed 1908 )  Longworth House Office Building ( LHOB , completed 1933 )  Rayburn House Office Building ( RHOB , completed 1965 )   A fourth building , the Ford House Office Building , which used to house the FBI 's fingerprint records , sits a few blocks southwest of the others . A fifth building , the O'Neill House Office Building ( previously known as `` House Annex-1 '' ) was named after former Speaker of the House Thomas `` Tip '' O'Neill . It was demolished in 2002 .   The U.S. Capitol Complex also includes a Page Residence Hall and the Capitol Power Plant , both on the House side of the Capitol .

neg: Executive Office of the President of the United States The Executive Office of the President of the United States ( EOPOTUS or EOP ) consists of the immediate staff of the incumbent President of the United States and multiple levels of support staff reporting to the President . The EOP is headed by the White House Chief of Staff , currently Reince Priebus . With the increase in technological and global advancement , the size of the White House staff has increased to include an array of policy experts to effectively address various fields of the modern day .

neg: Transpartisan Transpartisanship represents an emerging school of political thought which accepts the validity of truths across a range of political perspectives and seeks to synthesize them into an inclusive , pragmatic container beyond typical political dualities . It is distinct from bipartisanship , which aims to negotiate between `` right '' and `` left , '' resulting in a dualistic perspective , and nonpartisanship , which tends to avoid political affiliation altogether .   Transpartisanship is a movement to support and advance a common ground - or `` new center '' - that already exists in U.S. politics , emerging periodically into public view in the form of `` unusual coalitions '' of progressives and conservatives around issues ranging from war and the military budget to corporate power and the surveillance state .   The movement builds on methods of facilitated dialogue , deliberation and conflict resolution .   Current examples of transpartisan initiatives include Transpartisan Center , TheSolution.org , Reuniting America , Transpartisan Alliance , and Liberty Coalition .   Transpartisanship is an emerging field that advocates pragmatic and effective solutions to social and political problems , transcending and including preexisting political ideologies . Transpartisanship encompasses the idea that all systems are inextricably interconnected , and that successful outcomes can best be reached through inclusive , genuine , and respectful cooperation . Transpartisan democracy , in part , seeks to reintegrate the public 's voice in identifying , debating , and shaping governmental policies , while continuing to protect the sovereignty of the individual .  The term `` Transpartisanship '' has emerged to provide a meaningful alternative to `` Bipartisanship , '' and `` Nonpartisanship . '' Bipartisanship limits the dialogue process to two political viewpoints or entities , striving for compromise solutions . Nonpartisanship , on the other hand , tends to deny the existence of differing viewpoints in exchange for cooperation . Both the bipartisan and nonpartisan approaches can discount the multiplicity of viewpoints that exist , which often results in incomplete and therefore unsuccessful outcomes . In contrast to these , transpartisanship recognizes the existence and validity of many points of view , and advocates a constructive dialogue aimed at arriving at creative , integrated , and therefore , breakthrough solutions that meet the needs of all present .   Transpartisan gatherings have resulted not only in surprisingly civil conversations noted by mainstream media but also in shifts from traditional ideological stances by some participants .   A close relative of transpartisanship is Integral politics . A transpartisan approach to policy would necessarily include individual and collective , as well as subjective and objective , perspective . Furthermore , similar to Integral theory , transpartisanship places politics in a developmental context , viewing democracy and prosperity not as static attainments , but rather emergent properties along a continuum of developmental stages .

neg: Charlie Young Charles `` Charlie '' Young is a fictional character played by Dulé Hill on the television serial drama The West Wing . For the majority of the series , he is the Personal Aide to President Josiah Bartlet .

neg: White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs The White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs is a part of the Executive Office of the President and serves as the primary liaison between the White House and state , county , local , and tribal governments . The office focuses on building new and maintaining current relationships with governors , tribal leaders , mayors , state legislators , and county executives . The Office of Intergovernmental Affairs works with federal agencies and departments to ensure appropriate coordination between state , local , and tribal governments and the federal government . The current Director of Intergovernmental Affairs at the White House is Justin Clark .

neg: Toby Ziegler Tobias Zachary `` Toby '' Ziegler is a fictional character in the television serial drama The West Wing , played by Richard Schiff . The role earned Schiff the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2000 . For most of the series ' duration he is White House Communications Director .

neg: Walter S. White Walter S. White ( 1917 -- 2002 ) was an American modernist architect and industrial designer who worked in the Coachella Valley , CA in the 1950s and the Colorado Springs , CO area in the 1960s .   Between 1933 and 1936 he attended San Bernardino High School . White worked for six months in 1937 for Harwell H. Harris , followed by an eight-month term in Rudolf Schindler 's Los Angeles office during 1937-1938 . After working with Schindler , White worked for Allen Rouff for six months between 1938 and 1939 . Between 1939 and 1942 , White worked for Win E. Wilson for two years and six months , helping to plan and design prefabricated war housing with a skin-stressed plywood panel system . In his papers , White recounts that over 8,000 of these units were constructed in the United States .   For the remainder of the war , White was employed by the Douglass Aircraft Co. in El Segundo , California , working on machine tool design for four years and six months , 1942 to 1946 . In 1947 White moved from Los Angeles to Palm Springs where he worked for Clark & Frey Architects between 1947 and 1948 , one year and six months . Starting in 1948 , White began to work on his own as a self-employed designer and contractor in Colorado Springs , Colorado where he continued to practice as a contractor until 1965 . White obtained his architecture license in Colorado Springs in 1967 . He returned to California and worked there during the 1970s and 1980s . Reflecting on his career , White described the variety of buildings he designed : `` 300 residences , 40 recreation homes , ski lodges , commercial buildings , churches , luxurious club houses and guest rooms , and condominiums . Of the 300 residences designed I have built approximately 15 % of them myself . ''   In addition to designing houses , White devoted much of his career to the research and development of the Solar Heat Exchanger Window Wall and the `` Hyperboloic Paraboloid Roof Structure and Method of Constructing Thereof '' -- - both of which he patented , in 1975 and 1996 respectively .   Walter S. White died in 2002 , at the age of 85 . After White 's death in 2002 his papers were donated to the Architecture and Design Collection of the University of California at Santa Barbara ( UCSB ) . In the fall of 2015 , UCSB 's Art , Design , and Architecture Museum will show the first ever retrospective of Walter S. White 's architecture ; an exhibition that is currently being researched in large parts by students of the Department of the History of Art and Architecture .

neg: Executive Mansion (Virginia) The Virginia Governor 's Mansion , better known as the Executive Mansion , is located in Richmond , Virginia , on Capitol Square and serves as the official residence of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Designed by Alexander Parris , it is the oldest occupied governor 's mansion in the United States . It has served as the home of Virginia governors and their families since 1813 . This mansion is both a Virginia and a National Historic Landmark , and has had a number of successive renovations and expansions during the 20th century . Adjacent and immediately north of Capitol Square is the Court End neighborhood , which houses the White House of the Confederacy . During the Civil War , Virginia 's statehouse , also in Richmond , housed offices of the Confederacy .

neg: American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) .   `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky .   Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . ''   Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class .   In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''

neg: Dr. Ward Beebe House The Dr. Ward Beebe House , also known as the John Leuthold Residence , is a three-story stucco prairie house built by Dr. Ward and Bess Beebe and designed by Purcell and Elmslie in 1912 . Purcell and Elmslie were prolific designers of prairie style homes . It is located in the West Summit Avenue Historic District , in Saint Paul , Minnesota , United States .   Dr. Ward Beebe was a bacteriologist , and the house was built for him and his wife Bess as a wedding present from her parents . The Beebe house is the firm 's only house in Saint Paul , and includes some elements from English Arts and Crafts design as well as the Prairie Style . Purcell and Elmslie designed the primary rooms with good views , since the Summit Avenue location was important . Purcell was quoted as saying , `` At the time ... it was one of the most talked about residential streets in America , broad and with beautiful trees ; the views up and down the street were valued . So the unusual corner windows looking both ways from the living room were accepted as a fine response toward a choice and expensive location . '' The house has a large cross-gabled roof with deep eaves , giving it a broader look than its narrow structure would otherwise indicate . On the inside , the living room and the dining room are centered around a hearth and have no walls between them , similar to the Dr. Oscar Owre House in Minneapolis . The firm preferred to avoid building walls in first-floor living areas so they could increase the sense of space . The second floor has three bedrooms , a bathroom , and a tiny library sitting room with bay windows and a window seat . Elmslie also designed detailed art glass insets for the bookcases near the entrance .

neg: Congress Plaza Hotel The Congress Plaza Hotel is located on South Michigan Avenue across from Grant Park in Chicago at 520 South Michigan Avenue . After opening for business in 1893 , for the World 's Columbian Exposition , the hotel underwent two major expansions and renovations ; it now features 871 guest rooms and suites . Its 11 story edifice was originally designed by architect Clinton J. Warren as an annex to the Auditorium Theater across the street . The two buildings were linked by a marble-lined underground passage called Peacock Alley . In 1902 and then in 1907 , the firm of Holabird & Roche oversaw the design and construction of two additions , bringing the total complex up to 1 million square feet .   In June , 1912 , Theodore Roosevelt stayed at the Congress Plaza when the 1912 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago . Roosevelt , who at that time was seeking the Republican nomination for President , spoke from the balcony of his room at the hotel to a crowd assembled across the street in Grant Park .   In October 1916 , US President Woodrow Wilson passed the hotel as part of his visit to the city . Over a hundred protestors from the National Women 's Party demonstrated in favor of women 's suffrage with a silent protest . Holding banners such as `` Wilson is Against Women , '' the demonstrators were attacked by a mob and their banners destroyed while police looked on and , in some cases , laughed , according to newspaper reports .   In 1940 , Louis Grell ( 1887-1960 ) , a Chicago-based artist , was commissioned to paint thirteen murals for the lunettes that are an architectural feature surrounding the grand lobby . The murals were various popular scenes around Chicago at the time . Under the Albert Pick Jr ownership in 1952 , Grell was again commissioned to paint the same architectural lunettes , this time Grell incorporated Chicago figures into the scenes depicting important trades significant to Chicago 's growth and symbolism . Lady Liberty was found in one mural holding the Chicago River `` Y '' on her lap . Additionally , in 1955 Pick commissioned Grell once again , during one of the many renovations , to paint three walls for the newly decorated Pompeian Room which also had a magnificent Louis Comfort Tiffany glass fountain in the center of the vast room . Today glass covers the thirteen lunettes where the murals could be hiding . Grell also painted a large white Peacock that was mounted above the bar next to Peacock Alley . Each wall had a main central Greek/Roman mural , however , Grell decorated the entire wall with various patterns of flora and custom design .   Taos Society of Artists painter , E. Martin Hennings painted the ceiling murals inside the Florentine Room around 1918 .   The hotel closed for a period in World War II and was used as a training school by the U.S. Army Air Forces . It reopened for civilian use in time for the summer political conventions of 1944 . At this time , John J. Mack was president of the Michigan-Congress Hotel Corporation .   Events that have been held at the hotel include the 1963 Prohibition Party National Convention August 23 , 1963 .   The hotel is not affiliated with any national chain . It is owned by a Syrian national , Albert Nasser Shayo , who purchased the property in 1987 .   On 15 June 2003 , about 130 members of UNITE HERE Local 1 went on strike to protest a proposed seven percent wage cut . On 16 June 2007 , Barack Obama , then running for the presidency , briefly stood by the picket line and promised to return as president , but he did not . The strike , one of the world 's longest , ended May 30 , 2013 after nearly 10 years . No concessions were given by management .

neg: United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands .   The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .

neg: List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump This is a list of presidential trips made by Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States .   This list excludes trips made within Washington , D.C. , the U.S. federal capital in which the White House , the official residence and principal workplace of the President , is located . Also excluded are trips to Camp David , the country residence of the President , and to the private home of the Trump family in Trump Tower , New York City . International trips are included .

neg: Old Parliament House, Canberra Old Parliament House , known formerly as the Provisional Parliament House , was the seat of the Parliament of Australia from 1927 to 1988 . The building began operation on 9 May 1927 after Parliament 's relocation from Melbourne to the new capital , Canberra . In 1988 , the Commonwealth Parliament transferred to the new Parliament House on Capital Hill . It also serves as a venue for temporary exhibitions , lectures and concerts .   On 2 May 2008 it was made an Executive Agency of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet . On 9 May 2009 , the Executive Agency was renamed the Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House , reporting to the Special Minister of State .   Designed by John Smith Murdoch and a team of assistants from the Department of Works and Railways , the building was intended to be neither temporary nor permanent -- only to be a `` provisional '' building that would serve the needs of Parliament for a maximum of 50 years . The design extended from the building to include its gardens , décor and furnishings . The building is in the Simplified or `` Stripped '' Classical Style , commonly used for Australian government buildings constructed in Canberra during the 1920s and 1930s . It does not include such classical architectural elements as columns , entablatures or pediments , but does have the orderliness and symmetry associated with neoclassical architecture .

neg: Lincoln Bedroom The Lincoln Bedroom is a bedroom which is part of a guest suite located in the southeast corner of the second floor of the White House in Washington , D.C. . The Lincoln Sitting Room makes up the other part of the suite . The room is named for President Abraham Lincoln , who used the room as an office .   The first room in the White House to carry the name `` Lincoln Bedroom '' was in the northwest corner of the White House . It existed from 1929 until the 1961 , when First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy transformed it into the President 's Dining Room .

neg: United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America .   The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C.   As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere .   The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .

neg: List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2014 This is a list of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2014 , the sixth year of his presidency as the 44th President of the United States .   This list excludes trips made within Washington , D.C. , the U.S. federal capital in which the White House , the official residence and principal workplace of the President , is located . Additionally excluded are trips to Camp David , the country residence of the President , and to the private home of the Obama family in Kenwood , Chicago .