query: X-Men: Days of Future Past is a film based on comics.

pos: X-Men: Days of Future Past X-Men : Days of Future Past is a 2014 American superhero film based on the fictional X-Men characters that appear in Marvel Comics . Directed by Bryan Singer , it is the seventh installment of the X-Men film series and acts as a sequel to both 2006 's X-Men : The Last Stand and 2011 's X-Men : First Class . The story , inspired by the 1981 Uncanny X-Men storyline `` Days of Future Past '' by Chris Claremont and John Byrne , focuses on two time periods , with Wolverine traveling back in time to 1973 to change history and prevent an event that results in doom for both humans and mutants . The film features an ensemble cast , including Hugh Jackman , James McAvoy , Michael Fassbender , Jennifer Lawrence , Halle Berry , Anna Paquin , Ellen Page , Peter Dinklage , Ian McKellen and Patrick Stewart . Simon Kinberg wrote the screenplay from a story conceived by Jane Goldman , himself , and Matthew Vaughn .   Vaughn had directed First Class and was set to return in Days of Future Past before leaving for Kingsman : The Secret Service . Thus Singer , who had directed the first two X-Men films , made his return as a director , and brought along most of the crew from those productions . With a budget of $ 200 million , principal photography began in Montreal , Quebec in April 2013 and concluded in August the same year , with additional filming and pick-ups taking place in November 2013 and February 2014 . Twelve companies handled the visual effects .   X-Men : Days of Future Past premiered in New York City on May 10 , 2014 , and was theatrically released on May 23 . It became the best-reviewed film in the X-Men film series released thus far ( surpassed only by Logan in 2017 ) , being praised for its story , visual effects , action scenes , acting and thematic elements . During its theatrical run , the film earned over $ 747 million worldwide , making it the 6th highest grossing film of 2014 , as well as the second highest-grossing film in the series behind Deadpool . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects , making it the first X-Men film to be nominated for an Oscar . A sequel , X-Men : Apocalypse , was released on May 27 , 2016 .

neg: List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication .   Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings :   Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books .   On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 .   In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities .   Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel .   Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 .   In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .

neg: X-Men: Legacy X-Men : Legacy is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics featuring the mutant superhero team , the X-Men .   The title began its publication in October 1991 as X-Men . From 2001 until 2004 it was published as New X-Men . It had reverted in issue # 157 to its original title , but changed again from issue # 208 to X-Men : Legacy . Prior to the name change , the series is usually referred to as X-Men , vol . 2 because the first series , currently Uncanny X-Men , was titled The X-Men prior to 1981 . In addition , a new unrelated ongoing series titled X-Men was later released starting in 2010 , and is generally referred to as X-Men , vol . 3 .   X-Men : Legacy was relaunched in 2012 as part of Marvel NOW ! with a new issue # 1 . The new volume , written by Simon Spurrier , focuses on Legion , son of the recently deceased Professor X , and his mission to preemptively help mutantkind while attempting to get his many personalities under control . The volume ended its run after 25 issues in March 2014 , but not before reverting to its original numbering with the final issue , X-Men : Legacy # 300 .

neg: X-Cell X-Cell is a terrorist organization in the Marvel Comics universe .

neg: Fixx Fixx is a fictional mutant character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as originating from an alternate future . She is a member of X-Factor , X.S.E. , and X.U.E. . She first appeared in X-Factor ( 1st . series ) # 140 . Fixx was created by Howard Mackie and Duncan Rouleau .

neg: Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity .   In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually .   Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media .   These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .

neg: Fantastic Four Adventures Fantastic Four Adventures is part of Marvel UK 's ` Collector 's Edition ' line . It is being published by Panini Comics but reprints Marvel Comics from the United States . It began in 2005 around the release of the Fantastic Four film and follows the format established by the Collector 's Edition Range . Fantastic Four Adventures is sold once every 28 days through newsagents , although a subscription offer is available . Fantastic Four Adventures retailed at # 2.40 upon its release , but rising in printing costs have seen the price rise to # 2.50 and then onto the current price of # 2.95 . It was announced at the end of 2011 that Fantastic Four Adventures would cease publication with its final issue in March 2012 , only to be replaced by a new CE , Incredible Hulks .

neg: Dark X-Men The Dark X-Men are a fictional team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They made their debut during the crossover between Dark Avengers and Uncanny X-Men written by Matt Fraction , as part of the broader Dark Reign storyline . Each member but Namor has been handpicked by then -- H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn for his own criminal agenda .   The team was never officially called the `` Dark X-Men '' ( which was the name of the comics series , not the team ) . Instead , they were simply called the `` X-Men '' and were a government-sponsored team trying to take advantage of the name recognition of Charles Xavier 's X-Men , to which they had no official connection ( much like Osborn 's Avengers team was pretending to be the real Avengers ) .

neg: X-Men in television The fictional X-Men created by Marvel Comics has appeared in multiple forms of media besides comics , including on television numerous times , in both live action and animated television programs .

neg: X-Men: Mutant Wars X-Men : Mutant Wars is a side-scrolling beat 'em up game for Game Boy Color released in 2000 . It is the second X-Men titled released for the system . It was released to coincide with the release of the successful X-Men film on DVD .

neg: Superman/Fantastic Four Superman/Fantastic Four , subtitled `` The Infinite Destruction , '' is an intercompany comic book jointly published by DC Comics and Marvel Comics in July 1999 . The tale unites DC 's first superhero Superman and Marvel 's first superhero team , the Fantastic Four -- pitting them against the Cyborg Superman ( who gained notoriety in 1993 during DC 's `` Reign of the Supermen '' story arc ) and the longtime FF foe Galactus .   It was written by Dan Jurgens , with art by Jurgens and Art Thibert . The cover features painted art by Alex Ross , based on a layout by Jurgens .

neg: Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) .   Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .

neg: X-Men (TV series) X-Men , also known as X-Men : The Animated Series , is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31 , 1992 , in the United States on the Fox Network , as part of its Fox Kids Saturday morning lineup . X-Men was Marvel Comics ' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot , X-Men : Pryde of the X-Men , was not picked up .

neg: X-Men: Next Dimension X-Men : Next Dimension ( alternatively titled X-Men : Mutant Academy 3 ) is a fighting game , released in 2002 for the PlayStation 2 , Xbox and GameCube video game consoles . It is the third and final installment in the X-Men : Mutant Academy fighting game series , following X-Men : Mutant Academy and X-Men : Mutant Academy 2 .   Next Dimension expands upon the concept of the first two games by adding several new characters , 3-D maps , and a story mode , which allows the player to fight a series of battles in between short movies that move the plot along . The plot of the story mode is loosely based on the comic story `` Operation : Zero Tolerance '' .

neg: Here Comes Tomorrow `` Here Comes Tomorrow '' is the eighth and final story arc in Grant Morrison 's run on the Marvel Comics series New X-Men , which ran from issues # 151-154 ( 2005 ) . The storyline featured many controversial elements , such as Cyclops moving forward with his relationship with Emma Frost ( prompted by his dead wife ) , the Stepford Cuckoos being revealed as a development in the Weapon Plus Program , John Sublime being a sentient bacterium bent on bringing evolution to a halt and hints that the Xavier Institute student Ernst and Cassandra Nova are the same person .   The Official Handbook to the Marvel Universe : Alternate Universes has given the numerical designation of Earth-15104 to the Here Comes Tomorrow timeline .

neg: X-Men Forever X-Men Forever is the name of three comic book series published by Marvel Comics featuring the mutant superhero group the X-Men . The first is a 2001 miniseries , unrelated to the others . The second and third are the work of writer Chris Claremont .

neg: Planet X (comics) `` Planet X '' is 2004 storyline published by Marvel Comics that ran from New X-Men # 146-150 . The story is the penultimate arc of Grant Morrison 's run as writer on the X-Men , and features the return of Magneto and the death of Jean Grey again .

neg: Hellfire Club (comics) The Hellfire Club is a fictional society appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Hellfire Club often comes into confrontation with the mutant superhero team , the X-Men . Although the Club appears to merely be an international social club for wealthy elites , its clandestine Inner Circle seeks to influence world events , in accordance with their own agenda .   Created by the Uncanny X-Men writer/artist duo of Chris Claremont and John Byrne , they were heavily influenced by a 1966 episode of the British television series The Avengers ( `` A Touch of Brimstone '' ) . The name `` Hellfire Club '' in fact has a historical precedent , having been a popular name for gentlemen 's clubs in the 18th century . Additionally , the hierarchy of the Inner Circle is modeled on the pieces of a chess set , with Black and White sets of Kings , Queens , Bishops and Rooks .   The Hellfire Club and its Inner Circle were introduced in `` The Dark Phoenix Saga '' , attempting to subvert the X-Men 's Jean Grey . This incarnation , composed most notably of Black King Sebastian Shaw and White Queen Emma Frost , would remain prominent for many years . After their initial confrontations , the Hellfire Club and the X-Men settled into an uneasy alliance . This eventually changed as endless power struggles perpetuated a series of upheavals within the Inner Circle . The club has appeared in two X-Men animated series ( X-Men : The Animated Series and Wolverine and the X-Men ) , both times being renamed as simply The Inner Circle , due to the hesitations to use the word Hellfire in animated children series . Members of the Hellfire Club appeared in 2011 's X-Men : First Class as the main villains , led by Sebastian Shaw and Emma Frost .

neg: Infinite Comics Infinite Comics is an imprint of comic books published by Marvel Comics , featuring original , made-for-digital stories about the company 's superhero characters , including Spider-Man , Wolverine , the Guardians of the Galaxy , the Silver Surfer , the X-Men and the Avengers . The imprint was launched in 2012 with the publication of Avengers vs. X-Men # 1 : Infinite featuring Nova .  Infinite Comics are designed for horizontal , on-screen reading . Rather than telling a story over a series of static pages that are divided into panels , Infinite Comics present screens of content that `` take advantage of the digital format with techniques that would not be possible in a print comic , like dynamic panel transitions and captions or dialogue boxes that appear sequentially on an image at the prompting of the reader . '' The user retains control over the pace of the reading experience , advancing the story with each swipe -- sometimes staggering elements into the existing screen ( for example , a new word balloon ) and at other times revealing an entirely new screen .   This narrative technique was inspired by the work of a French comic book artist , Yves Bigerel ( alias `` Balak '' ) , who was recruited by Marvel as artistic consultant , storyboarder and artist .


query: Ministate is also called micronation.

pos: Ministate A ministate or microstate is a sovereign state having a very small population or very small land area , and usually both . As the meaning of neither `` state '' nor `` very small '' is well-defined in international law , 2010 's attempts to define microstates focus on identifying political entities with unique qualitative features linked to their geographic or demographic limitations . According to a qualitative definition , microstates are : `` modern protected states , i.e. sovereign states that have been able to unilaterally depute certain attributes of sovereignty to larger powers in exchange for benign protection of their political and economic viability against their geographic or demographic constraints . '' In line with this and most other definitions the examples of microstates include : Liechtenstein , Monaco , San Marino , Andorra , the Cook Islands , Niue and the Federated States of Micronesia .   The smallest political unit recognized as a sovereign state is Vatican City , with 842 citizens as of July 2013 and an area of only 44 ha . However , some scholars dispute qualifying the Vatican as a state arguing that it does not meet the `` traditional criteria of statehood '' and that the `` special status of the Vatican City is probably best regarded as a means of ensuring that the Pope can freely exercise his spiritual functions , and in this respect is loosely analogous to that of the headquarters of international organisations . ''   Microstates are distinct from micronations , which are not recognized as sovereign states . Special territories without full sovereignty , such as the British Crown Dependencies , the Chinese Special Administrative Regions and overseas territories of Denmark , France , the Netherlands , Australia , Norway and the United Kingdom , are also not considered microstates .

neg: Microfilaria Microfilaria may also refer to an informal `` collective group '' genus name , proposed by Cobbold in 1882 . While a convenient category for newly discovered microfilariae which can not be assigned to a known species because the adults are unknown , it is seldom used today .   The microfilaria ( plural microfilariae , sometimes abbreviated mf ) is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes in the family Onchocercidae . In these species , the adults live in a tissue or the circulatory system of vertebrates ( the `` definitive hosts '' ) . They release microfilariae into the bloodstream of the vertebrate host . The microfilariae are taken up by blood-feeding arthropod vectors ( the `` intermediate hosts '' ) . In the intermediate host the microfilariae develop into infective larvae that can be transmitted to a new vertebrate host .   The presence of microfilariae in the host bloodstream is called `` microfilaraemia '' . The success of filariasis eradication programs is typically gauged by the reduction in numbers of circulating microfilariae in infested individuals within a geographic area .

neg: Small Science Small Science refers ( in contrast to Big Science ) to science performed in a smaller scale , such as by individuals , small teams or within community projects .   Bodies which fund research , such as the National Science Foundation , DARPA , and the EU with its Framework programs , have a tendency to fund larger-scale research projects . Reasons include the idea that ambitious research needs significant resources devoted for its execution and the reduction of administrative and overhead costs on the funding body side . However , small science which has data that is often local and is not easily shared is funded in many areas such as chemistry and biology by these funding bodies .

neg: Nanometre The nanometre ( International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures ; SI symbol : nm ) or nanometer ( American spelling ) is a unit of length in the metric system , equal to one billionth of a metre ( m ) . The name combines the SI prefix nano - ( from the Ancient Greek νάνος , nanos , `` dwarf '' ) with the parent unit name metre ( from Greek μέτρον , metrοn , `` unit of measurement '' ) . It can be written in scientific notation as , in engineering notation as , and is simply metres . One nanometre equals ten ångströms . When used as a prefix for something other than a unit of measure ( as in `` nanoscience '' ) , nano refers to nanotechnology ,  or phenomena typically occurring on a scale of nanometres ( see nanoscopic scale ) .   The nanometre is often used to express dimensions on an atomic scale : the diameter of a helium atom , for example , is about 0.1 nm , and that of a ribosome is about 20 nm . The nanometre is also commonly used to specify the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation near the visible part of the spectrum : visible light ranges from around 400 to 700 nm . The ångström , which is equal to 0.1 nm , was formerly used for these purposes , but is still used in other fields . Since the late 1980s , in usages such as 32 nm and 22 nm , it has also been used to describe typical feature sizes in successive generations of the ITRS Roadmap for miniaturization in the semiconductor industry .

neg: Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda .   Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the :   Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ;   Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ;   State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) .   The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and   Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems .   An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded .   Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 .   The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda .   The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others .   The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .

neg: Mini Israel Mini Israel is a miniature park located near Latrun , Israel in the Ayalon Valley . Opened in November 2002 , the site contains miniature replicas of hundreds of buildings and landmarks in Israel . The tourist attraction consists of about 350 large models of notable buildings . The scale of 1:25 produces skyscrapers that tower over an adult and historic churches taller than a child .

neg: Microsegmenting Microsegmentation is a marketing process that uses techniques such as data mining , artificial intelligence , and algorithms to recognize and predict minute consumer spending and behavioral patterns . The collected information is used to help marketers identify extremely precise microsegments ( down to the individual consumer level . ) Microsegments can then be the focus of personalized direct micromarketing and micropromotion campaigns .   This form of micromarketing considers that each consumer has different ideas and feelings about a company 's products , services , prices , and promotions , and sets out to recognize these differences and respond to them in an appropriate manner .

neg: Microbundle In mathematics , a microbundle is a generalization of the concept of vector bundle , introduced by the American mathematician John Milnor in 1964 . It allows the creation of bundle-like objects in situations where they would not ordinarily be thought to exist . For example , the tangent bundle is defined for a smooth manifold but not a topological manifold . Use of microbundles allows the definition of a topological tangent bundle .

neg: Mini truck Mini truck , also called a micro-truck , are tiny but practical light trucks , available in RWD or 4WD version , originally built to satisfy the Japanese keijidōsha statutory class of light vehicles . Generally they fall under sub 1000cc engine category . These vehicles find their use in intra-city low tonnage cargo delivery , like postal and courier services or home delivery of appliances from dealer to the customer i.e. light loads over short distances .

neg: Microsystem Microsystem is the name commonly used in Europe to describe the same technology which goes under the name MEMS ( Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ) in the US . In Japan , this field is often termed micromachines . It is also traditionally used to describe microchips , microcomputers , microcontrollers and operating systems built upon VLSIs and sensors . For instance , Sun Microsystems within Oracle was once a splendid company that produces computers .   Microsystems are miniaturized ( silicon or polymer ) devices which perform electrical and non-electronic functions : typically sensing and actuation . Typical microsystems have mechanical parts , like microbridges in RF switches or bending cantilevers in atomic force microscopes ( AFMs ) ; electrical parts like piezoresistors in airbag sensors or capacitors in pressure sensors ; or thermal , optical and fluidic structures like heaters and nozzles in inkjet printer or flow sensors . In biomicrosystems ( BioMEMS ) cells or microbeads are handled by fluidic streams , magnetic and electric fields , thermal gradients etc. . In chemical microsystems operations like sample pretreatment , separation and detection are built on microchips . This field is also known as microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip .  Today it is possible to build up microsystems without any tooling needed by computer-aided direct parallel batch processing technologies called RMPD Rapid Micro Product Development .   Microsystems with advanced capabilities and own intelligence are commonly referred to as smart systems .   ` Microsystem ' is also a term for systems of acupuncture points that are typically not located on the ` meridians ' such points tend to cluster on .   ` Clinical Microsystems ' is also a term used to describe a small group of people who work together on a regular basis to provide care to a group of people . A clinical microsystem can range from simple to vastly complex .

neg: Aerican Empire The Aerican Empire ( conventionally referred to in short form as Aerica ) is a micronation founded in May 1987 , which has no sovereign territory of its own and has never been recognized by any other sovereign state as existing . The name is cultured from the term `` American Empire '' . In 2000 The New York Times described its website as `` one of the more imaginative '' micronation sites .   Its members claim sovereignty over a vast disconnected territory , including a square kilometer of land in Australia , a house-sized area in Montreal , Quebec , Canada ( containing the `` Embassy to Everything Else '' ) , several other areas of the Earth , a colony on Mars , the northern hemisphere of Pluto , and an imaginary planet .   As with most micronations , the number of members ( citizens ) has fluctuated wildly with time . In May 2009 , it was reported to exceed 400 people .   Their flag is similar to the flag of Canada , with a large yellow smiley face instead of the red maple leaf in the white square ( although the red rectangles on the sides have different side length ratios ) .

neg: Microearthquake A microearthquake ( or microquake ) is a very low intensity earthquake which is 2.0 or less in magnitude . They are very rarely felt beyond 8 km from their epicenter . In addition to having natural tectonic causes , they may also be seen as a result of underground nuclear testing or even large detonations of conventional explosives for producing excavations . They normally cause no damage to life or property , and are very rarely felt by people .   Microquakes occur often near volcanoes as they approach an eruption , and frequently in certain regions exploited for geothermal energy , such as near Geyserville in Northern California . These occur so continuously that the current USGS event map for that location usually shows a substantial number of small earthquakes at that location .

neg: Nano- Nano - ( symbol n ) is a unit prefix meaning `` one billionth '' . Used primarily with the metric system , this prefix denotes a factor of 10 − 9 or . It is frequently encountered in science and electronics for prefixing units of time and length .   Examples :  One nanometer is about the length that a fingernail grows in one second .  Three gold atoms lined up are about one nanometer long .  If a toy marble were scaled down to one nanometer wide , Earth would scale to about one meter ( 3.3 feet ) wide .  One nanosecond is about the time required for light to travel 30 cm in air , or 20 cm in an optical fiber .   The prefix derives from the Greek -LSB- Wiktionary : νᾶνος , νᾶνος -RSB- ( Latin nanus ) , meaning `` dwarf '' . The General Conference on Weights and Measures ( CGPM ) officially endorsed the usage of nano as a standard prefix in 1960 .   When used as a prefix for something other than a unit of measure ( as for example in words like `` nanoscience '' ) , nano refers to nanotechnology , or means `` on a scale of nanometres '' . See nanoscopic scale .

neg: Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' .  This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate .   In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' .   In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . ''   In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower .   In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states .  For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state ''   The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon .  Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''

neg: Microlearning Micro-learning deals with relatively small learning units and short-term learning activities . Generally , the term `` microlearning '' refers to micro-perspectives in the context of learning , education and training . More frequently , the term is used in the domain of e-learning and related fields in the sense of a new paradigmatic perspective on learning processes in mediated environments .

neg: Microcontent There are at least two interpretations of the term microcontent . Usability adviser Jakob Nielsen originally referred to microcontent as small groups of words that can be skimmed by a person to get a clear idea of the content of a Web page . He included article headlines , page titles , subject lines and e-mail headings . Such phrases also may be taken out of context and displayed on a directory , search result page , bookmark list , etc. . The second use of the term extends it to other small information chunks that can stand alone or be used in a variety of contexts , including instant messages , blog posts , RSS feeds , and abstracts .

neg: Microorganism A microorganism or microbe is a microscopic organism , which may be single-celled or multicellular . The study of microorganisms is called microbiology , a subject that began with the discovery of microorganisms in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek . Robert Hooke coined the term `` cell '' after viewing plant cells under his microscope . Later , in the 19th century , Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage , debunking the theory of spontaneous generation . In 1876 Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms cause diseases .   Microorganisms are very diverse and include all bacteria , archaea and most protozoa . This group also contains some fungi , algae , and some micro-animals such as rotifers . Many macroscopic animals and plants have microscopic juvenile stages . Some microbiologists classify viruses and viroids as microorganisms , but others consider these as nonliving . In July 2016 , scientists identified a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor of all life , including microorganisms , living on Earth .   Microorganisms live in every part of the biosphere , including soil , hot springs , inside rocks at least 12 mi deep underground , the deepest parts of the ocean , and at least 40 mi high in the atmosphere . Microorganisms , under certain test conditions , have been observed to thrive in the vacuum of outer space . Microorganisms likely far outweigh all other living things combined . The mass of prokaryote microorganisms including the bacteria and archaea may be as much as 0.8 trillion tons of carbon , out of the total biomass of between 1 and 4 trillion tons . Microorganisms appear to thrive in the Mariana Trench , the deepest spot in the Earth 's oceans . Other researchers reported related studies that microorganisms thrive inside rocks up to 580 m below the sea floor under 2590 m of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States , as well as 2400 m beneath the seabed off Japan . In August 2014 , scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms living 800 m below the ice of Antarctica . According to one researcher , `` You can find microbes everywhere -- they 're extremely adaptable to conditions , and survive wherever they are . ''   Microorganisms are crucial to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers . As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen , they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle , and recent studies indicate that airborne microorganisms may play a role in precipitation and weather . Microorganisms are also exploited in biotechnology , both in traditional food and beverage preparation , and in modern technologies based on genetic engineering . A small proportion of microorganisms are pathogenic , causing disease and even death in plants and animals .

neg: Semi-biotic systems Semi-biotic systems are systems that incorporate biologically derived components/modules -- which could range from multi-protein complexes through DNA constructs to multi-cellular assemblies -- and integrate them with synthetic components ( e.g. microfabricated systems ) to produce hybrid devices . One of the potential attractions of these hybrid devices is the possibility that they can be designed to exhibit higher degrees of adaptability and autonomy than is possible with solid-state devices . Examples include : artificial organelle-like systems that could accomplish the synthesis of complex biomacromolecules , or synthetic multi-cellular structures that incorporate specific sensing and reporting functionalities , such that they could be used in hybrid devices for chemical or biological agent sensing .   Semi-biotic systems is an emerging area of research within the broader area of Synthetic Biology . In the European community a programme entitled NEONUCLEI was funded under FP7 whose aim is to generate synthetic analogues of cell  nuclei capable of sustaining transcription , in self-assembled systems comprising DNA , macromolecules ( or nanoparticles ) , and lipids .

neg: Mima mounds Mima mounds -LSB- ˈmaɪmə -RSB- are low , flattened , circular to oval , domelike , natural mounds that are composed of loose , unstratified , often gravelly sediment that is an overthickened A horizon . These mounds range in diameter from 3 to more than 50 m ; in height 30 cm to greater than 2 m ; and in density from several to greater than 50 mounds per hectare , at times forming conspicuous natural patterns . Mima mounds can be seen at the Mima Mounds Natural Area Preserve in Washington State .   Theories for the origin of Mima mounds include burrowing by pocket gophers ; accumulation of wind-blown ( aeolian ) sediments around vegetation to form coppice dunes or nebkhas ; seismic ground shaking by major earthquakes , though none have been observed to form Mima mounds ; and shrinking and swelling of clays in hog-wallow or gilgai landforms .   Though the definitive Mima mounds are common in North America , it has not been shown that all North American mounds result from the same causes . Similar or at least reminiscent phenomena occur on all continents and the proposed causes do not occur in all regions that have been studied . Nor is it clear that all such mounds really are the same , either physically or functionally ; for example , the so-called fairy circles of Southern Africa tend to be less mound-like and occur in different climatic and ecological conditions . Furthermore , it has been argued that the possibly distinct heuweltjies of the South Western Cape region of South Africa are of an origin far different from either .

neg: Microbarom In acoustics , microbaroms , also known as the `` voice of the sea '' , are a class of atmospheric infrasonic waves generated in marine storms  by a non-linear interaction of ocean surface waves with the atmosphere . They typically have narrow-band , nearly sinusoidal waveforms with amplitudes up to a few microbars ,  and wave periods near 5 seconds ( 0.2 hertz ) . Due to low atmospheric absorption at these low frequencies , microbaroms can propagate thousands of kilometers in the atmosphere , and can be readily detected by widely separated instruments on the Earth 's surface .   Microbaroms are a significant noise source that can potentially interfere with the detection of infrasound from nuclear explosions that is a goal of the International Monitoring System organized under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ( which has not entered into force ) . It is a particular problem for detecting low-yield tests in the one-kiloton range because the frequency spectra overlap .

neg: Spinule Spinules are small spines or thorns ( vertebral columns ) that are part of biological and manmade structures . The word originates from the Latin word spinula and is often used in botany and zoology .   The presence or absence of spinules , and their shape , can differentiate species and is used to describe and distinguish anatomical features . The development of spinules in the eye may be affected by dopamine , circadian rhythms , and exposure to light or dark environments , according to a studies of controlling mechanisms .   Liquid Crystal Displays ( LCDs ) can employ an Anisotropic Conducting Film ( ACF ) that `` consists of an epoxy resin and nickel particles with spinules '' .


query: Ken Russell was only involved with a film based upon The Who's 1969 album Who's Next.

pos: Women in Love (film) Women in Love is a 1969 British romantic drama film directed by Ken Russell and starring Alan Bates , Oliver Reed , Glenda Jackson , and Jennie Linden . The film was adapted by Larry Kramer from D. H. Lawrence 's novel of the same name .   The plot follows the relationships between two sisters and two men in a mining town in post First World War England . The two couples take markedly different directions . The film explores the nature of commitment and love .   The film was nominated for four Academy Awards : Best Cinematography , Best Director and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . Jackson won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role , as well as a slew of critics ' honours .

pos: Ken Russell Henry Kenneth Alfred `` Ken '' Russell ( 3 July 1927 -- 27 November 2011 ) was an English film director , known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style . Critics have accused him of being obsessed with sexuality and the Roman Catholic Church . His films in the main were liberal adaptations of existing texts , or biographies , notably of composers of the Romantic era . Russell began directing for the BBC , where he made creative adaptations of composers ' lives which were unusual for the time . He also directed many feature films independently and for studios .   He is best known for his Oscar-winning films Women in Love ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Who 's Tommy ( 1975 ) , and the science fiction film Altered States ( 1980 ) . Russell also directed several films based on the lives of classical music composers , such as Elgar , Delius , Tchaikovsky , Mahler , and Liszt .   Film critic Mark Kermode , speaking in 2006 , and attempting to sum up the director 's achievement , called Russell , `` somebody who proved that British cinema did n't have to be about kitchen-sink realism -- it could be every bit as flamboyant as Fellini . Later in his life he turned to making low-budget experimental films such as Lion 's Mouth and Revenge of the Elephant Man , and they are as edgy and ` out there ' as ever '' .   Ken Russell died of natural causes on 27 November 2011 at the age of 84 .

neg: Don't Let Go the Coat `` Do n't Let Go the Coat '' is a song written by Pete Townshend and first released on The Who 's 1981 album Face Dances .   It was released as a single following up on the first single from Face Dances , `` You Better You Bet '' , but did not achieve the same success , reaching number 47 in the UK and number 84 in the US .  It has also been released on several compilation albums , and Pete Townshend himself released an alternate version of the song on his album Another Scoop .

neg: A Dream of Kings (film) A Dream of Kings is a 1969 drama film directed by Daniel Mann , adapted from the novel of the same name by Harry Mark Petrakis .   It stars Anthony Quinn and Irene Papas . It was nominated for an award at the 1970 Laurel Awards . It was also the final film for Inger Stevens , who committed suicide two months after the film 's release , and the first for Radames Pera , who played young Caine on the TV show Kung Fu .

neg: The Who Tour 1971 The Who Tour 1971 was a series of performances and tours by The Who in which they performed material from Pete Townshend 's rock opera Lifehouse , much of which would then appear on their 1971 album Who 's Next .

neg: The Guru (1969 film) The Guru is a 1969 film by Merchant Ivory Productions , with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and James Ivory .

neg: Phobia (The Kinks album) Phobia is the twenty-fourth and final studio album by English rock group The Kinks , released in 1993 . It was their final studio album before they disbanded three years later . It is also the only studio album credited to The Kinks which does not feature former drummer Mick Avory in any capacity ; though he left the band in 1984 , he still played on individual songs on both Think Visual and UK Jive .

neg: Tam-Lin (film) Tam-Lin , also known as The Ballad of Tam-Lin , The Devil 's Widow and The Devil 's Woman , is a 1970 British film made by Commonwealth United Entertainment , Winkast Film Productions Ltd. and distributed by American International Pictures ( AIP ) . It was directed by Roddy McDowall and produced by Alan Ladd , Jr. and Stanley Mann , from a screenplay by William Spier based on the traditional Scottish poem The Ballad of Tam Lin . The film had original music by Stanley Myers and a musical version of the original poem recorded by the British folk rock band Pentangle , and was photographed by Billy Williams . It was the only film directed by McDowall .   The film stars Ava Gardner and Ian McShane with Richard Wattis , Cyril Cusack , Stephanie Beacham , Sinéad Cusack and Joanna Lumley .   A newer release of this film ( 1998 ) ( Republic Pictures Home Video ) re-cut the film to be closer to Roddy McDowall 's intention .   McDowall 's direction of this film precluded him from reprising his role as Cornelius in Beneath the Planet of the Apes , the only one of the original five Planet of the Apes films from which he is absent .

neg: Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III .   The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .

neg: The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 .   The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album .   The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . ''   Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album .   Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .

neg: A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group .   The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .

neg: Stoned (film) Stoned , also known as The Wild and Wycked World of Brian Jones in the UK , is a 2005 film about Brian Jones , one of the founding members of The Rolling Stones . The film is a cinematic work of historical fiction , taking as its premise the idea that Jones was murdered by Frank Thorogood , a builder who had been hired to renovate and improve Jones 's house Cotchford Farm in East Sussex . The film also paints a picture of Jones 's use of alcohol and drugs , and his relationships with Anita Pallenberg and Anna Wohlin .   The film was directed by Stephen Woolley , and written by Neal Purvis and Robert Wade . Leo Gregory played the role of Brian Jones and Paddy Considine of Frank Thorogood .   This film grossed $ 38,922 in limited theatrical release in the United States .

neg: Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) .   He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company .   He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) .   He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 .   * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .

neg: Percy (soundtrack) Percy is a 1971 film soundtrack for the British comedy film Percy performed by English rock group the Kinks with additional orchestral arrangements conducted by Stanley Myers . The songs were written by Ray Davies and include both standard rock/pop songs and instrumental numbers .

neg: Fourth Dimension (Radiophonic album) Fourth Dimension is a 1973 BBC Records release featuring recordings created by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop composer Paddy Kingsland . Although it was credited to `` The BBC Radiophonic Workshop '' it was the work of Kingsland alone , and was the first album of Workshop music to feature only one artist . It features theme tunes used by BBC radio and television . The music prominently features VCS 3 and `` Delaware '' Synthi 100 synthesisers , both from Electronic Music Studios ( London ) Ltd , with a standard rock-based session band providing backing . The track `` Reg '' featured as the B-side to the 1973 single release of the Doctor Who theme .

neg: Who Made Who Who Made Who is a hard rock album by Australian band AC/DC , released in 1986 as the soundtrack to the Stephen King movie Maximum Overdrive . It was re-released in 2003 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series .

neg: It's Only Love `` It 's Only Love '' is a song written mostly by John Lennon , and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . It was first released by the Beatles in 1965 , on the Help ! album in the United Kingdom , and on the Rubber Soul album in the United States .

neg: Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists .   Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack .   The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .

neg: Marooned (1969 film) Marooned is a 1969 American film directed by John Sturges and starring Gregory Peck , Richard Crenna , David Janssen , James Franciscus and Gene Hackman about three astronauts who are trapped and slowly suffocating in space . It was based on the 1964 novel Marooned by Martin Caidin . While the original novel was based on the single-pilot Mercury program , the film depicted an Apollo Command/Service Module with three astronauts and a space station resembling Skylab . Caidin acted as technical adviser and updated the novel , incorporating appropriate material from the original version .   The film was released less than four months after the Apollo 11 moon landing and was tied to the public fascination with the event . It won an Academy Award for Visual Effects for Robbie Robertson .

neg: The Singles (The Who album) The Singles is a compilation of singles by The Who that was released in November 1984 . It was released worldwide except for North America .   The version of `` I Can See for Miles '' contained herein is not the classic single version , but a BBC live recording with a loud , overdubbed bass track . The 2011 Japanese Reissue included the classic single version .

neg: Ken Hughes Kenneth Graham `` Ken '' Hughes ( 19 January 1922 -- 28 April 2001 ) was a British film director , writer and producer , who is best known as the co-writer and director of the 1968 children 's film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang .

neg: Getting in Tune `` Getting in Tune '' is a song written by Pete Townshend and originally released by the Who on their 1971 album Who 's Next . It was originally written as part of Townshend 's abandoned Lifehouse project . Its lyrics describe the power of music , as well as reflect the inner contradictions Townshend was feeling at the time between his spiritual needs and his persona as a rock star . The music incorporates a number of changes in tempo and has been praised by critics for its use of dynamics .


query: The Economic Times was first published in 1970.

pos: The Economic Times The Economic Times is an English-language , Indian daily newspaper published by the Bennett , Coleman & Co. Ltd. . First published in 1961 , it is the world 's second-most widely read English-language business newspaper , after the Wall Street Journal , with a readership of over 800,000 . The Economic Times is published simultaneously from 12 cities -- Mumbai , Bangalore , Delhi , Chennai , Kolkata , Lucknow , Hyderabad , Jaipur , Ahmedabad , Nagpur , Chandigarh , and Pune .   The Economic Times is headquartered in Mumbai at The Times of India building . Its main content is based on the Indian economy , international finance , share prices , prices of commodities as well as other matters related to finance . The founder - editor of the paper when it was launched in 1961 was P.S. Hariharan . The current editor of The Economic Times is Bodhisattva Ganguli .   Like the London-based Financial Times , The Economic Times is printed on salmon pink paper . It is sold in all major cities in India . In June 2009 , it launched a television channel called ET Now .

neg: Economic Modelling Economic Modelling is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal on economics published by Elsevier . The editors-in-chief are Stephen G. Hall ( University of Leicester ) and Peter H. Pauly ( University of Toronto ) .

neg: Review of Economic Dynamics The Review of Economic Dynamics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the Society for Economic Dynamics . It covers dynamic models from all areas of economics . The editor-in-chief is Matthias Doepke ( Northwestern University ) .

neg: Economic Policy (journal) Economic Policy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Centre for Economic Policy Research , the Center for Economic Studies ( University of Munich ) , and the Paris School of Economics . The journal was established in 1985 and covers international economic policy topics such as macroeconomics , microeconomics , the labour market , trade , exchange rate , taxation , economic growth , government spending , and migration .   According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 2.875 , ranking it 22nd out of 333 journals in the category `` Economics '' .

neg: The Singapore Economic Review The Singapore Economic Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by World Scientific . The journal was initially published as the Malayan Economic Review from 1956 , which was later renamed the Singapore Economic Review in 1969 . It is also the official journal of the Economic Society of Singapore .   The journal was relaunched in 2002 , and covers economics in general , with an emphasis on economic issues in Asia . Topics covered include : public policy and economics ; developmental issues ; the Asian Crisis and China 's economic reform ; various other interdisciplinary studies and topics are also explored .   Since 2005 , the journal has also organized several economic conferences .

neg: Say's law Say 's law , or the law of markets , in classical economics , states that aggregate production necessarily creates an equal quantity of aggregate demand . The French economist Jean-Baptiste Say ( 1767 -- 1832 ) introduced the idea in 1803 , in his principal work , A Treatise on Political Economy ( Traité d'économie politique ) :  A product is no sooner created , than it , from that instant , affords a market for other products to the full extent of its own value .  and  As each of us can only purchase the productions of others with his own productions -- as the value we can buy is equal to the value we can produce , the more men can produce , the more they will purchase .   Say further argued that this law of markets implies that a general glut ( the term used in Say 's time for a widespread excess of supply over demand ) can not occur . If there is a surplus of one good , there must be unmet demand for another : `` If certain goods remain unsold , it is because other goods are not produced . '' Say 's law has been one of the principal doctrines used to support the laissez-faire belief that a capitalist economy will naturally tend toward full employment and prosperity without government intervention .   Over the years , at least two objections to Say 's law have been raised :  General gluts do occur , particularly during recessions and depressions .  Economic agents may collectively choose to increase the amount of money they hold , thereby reducing demand but not supply .   Say 's law was generally accepted throughout the 19th century , though modified to incorporate the idea of a `` boom-and-bust '' cycle . During the worldwide Great Depression of the 1930s , the theories of Keynesian economics disputed Say 's conclusions .   Scholars disagree on the question of whether it was Say who first stated the principle , but by convention , Say 's law has been another name for the law of markets ever since John Maynard Keynes used the term in the 1930s .

neg: Long Depression The Long Depression was a worldwide price and economic recession , beginning in 1873 and running either through the spring of 1879 , or 1896 , depending on the metrics used . It was the most severe in Europe and the United States , which had been experiencing strong economic growth fueled by the Second Industrial Revolution in the decade following the American Civil War . The episode was labeled the `` Great Depression '' at the time , and it held that designation until the Great Depression of the 1930s . Though a period of general deflation and a general contraction , it did not have the severe economic retrogression of the Great Depression .   It was most notable in Western Europe and North America , at least in part because reliable data from the period is most readily available in those parts of the world . The United Kingdom is often considered to have been the hardest hit ; during this period it lost some of its large industrial lead over the economies of Continental Europe . While it was occurring , the view was prominent that the economy of the United Kingdom had been in continuous depression from 1873 to as late as 1896 and some texts refer to the period as the Great Depression of 1873 -- 96 .   In the United States , economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873 -- 79 , kicked off by the Panic of 1873 , and followed by the Panic of 1893 , book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression . The National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879 . At 65 months , it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER , eclipsing the Great Depression 's 43 months of contraction .   In the US , from 1873 to 1879 , 18,000 businesses went bankrupt , including 89 railroads . Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt . Unemployment peaked in 1878 , long after the panic ended . Different sources peg the peak U.S. unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25 % to 14 % .

neg: Review of Radical Political Economics The Review of Radical Political Economics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Sage Publications on behalf of the Union for Radical Political Economics . It was established in 1968 and covers research on heterodox economics and political economy , broadly defined . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 0.377 , ranking it 256th out of 321 journals in the category `` Economics '' .

neg: Business History (journal) Business History is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of business history . It was established in 1958 by Liverpool University Press and is now published by Taylor and Francis . The editor-in-chief is Ray Stokes ( University of Glasgow ) .

neg: Power and Market Power and Market : Government and the Economy is a 1970 book by Murray Rothbard in which he analyzes the negative effects of the various kinds of government intervention , and argues that the State is neither necessary nor useful . It was originally part of his 1962 book Man , Economy , and State but was censored by the publisher , who felt it was too radical for publication and later published under the above title . It was reunited with the 4th edition of Man , Economy , and State in 2004 in the volume sub-titled `` The Scholar 's Edition '' from the Ludwig von Mises Institute .

neg: Classical economics Classical economics ( also known as liberal economics ) asserts that markets function best with minimal government interference . It was developed in the late 18th and early 19th century by Adam Smith , Jean-Baptiste Say , David Ricardo , Thomas Robert Malthus , and John Stuart Mill . Many writers found Adam Smith 's idea of free markets more convincing than the idea , widely accepted at the time , of protectionism .   Adam Smith 's The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is usually considered to mark the beginning of classical economics . The fundamental message in Smith 's influential book was that the wealth of nations was based not on gold but on trade : That when two parties freely agree to exchange things of value , because both see a profit in the exchange , total wealth increases . Classical economics originally differed from modern libertarian economics in seeing a role for the state in providing for the common good . Smith acknowledged that there were areas where the market is not the best way to serve the common good , and he took it as a given that the greater proportion of the costs supporting the common good should be borne by those best able to afford them .   Classical economists observe that markets generally regulate themselves , when free of coercion . Adam Smith referred to this as a metaphorical `` invisible hand '' , which refers to the notion that private incentives are aligned with society welfare maximization under certain competitive conditions . Smith warned repeatedly of the dangers of monopoly , and stressed the importance of competition .   There is some debate about what is covered by the term `` classical economics '' , particularly when dealing with the period from 1830 -- 75 , and how classical economics relates to Neoclassical economics .

neg: Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences The Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences is a specialized fifteen-volume Encyclopedia first published in 1930 and last published in 1967 . It was envisaged in the 1920s by scholars working in disciplines which increasingly were coming to be known as `` Human - '' or `` Social Sciences . '' The goal was to create a comprehensive synthesis of the study of human affairs as undertaken by practitioners of all fields involved in such study . The parameters of what would come to be known as `` Social Science '' were in many ways initially established and defined by this publication .   The Encyclopaedia 's founding organizations included the American Anthropological Association , the American Association of Social Workers , the American Economic Association , the American Historical Association , the American Political Science Association , the American Psychological Association , the American Sociological Society , the American Statistical Association , the Association of American Law Schools , and the National Education Association . It was edited by American economists Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and Alvin Saunders Johnson . Seligman and Johnson solicited contributions from many of the most known and respected scholars in their fields , and established many links with European scholars in the process . The Rockefeller Foundation , Carnegie Foundation , and Russell Sage Foundation provided initial financial support , and Macmillan was selected as publisher .   The international network of social scientists developed in the process of creating the Encyclopaedia would prove especially important during the Nazi occupation of Europe , during which many contributing scholars fled persecution for their ideas . Under Johnson 's invitation , several of these scholars would come to New York City and form the `` University in Exile , '' a specialized graduate school now known as the New School for Social Research .   The Encyclopaedia was last printed in 1967 , then in its 16th edition . It was succeeded by the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , edited by David L. Sills , and also published by MacMillan .

neg: Eco-efficiency Over the years , as countries and regions around the world began to develop , it slowly became evident that industrialization and economic growth come hand in hand with environmental degradation . Eco-Efficiency has been proposed as one of the main tools to promote a transformation from unsustainable development to one of sustainable development . It is based on the concept of creating more goods and services while using fewer resources and creating less waste and pollution . `` It is measured as the ratio between the ( added ) value of what has been produced ( e.g. GDP ) and the ( added ) environment impacts of the product or service ( e.g. S02 emissions ) . '' The term was coined by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development ( WBCSD ) in its 1992 publication `` Changing Course , '' and at the 1992 Earth Summit , eco-efficiency was endorsed as a new business concept and means for companies to implement Agenda 21 in the private sector . Ergo the term has become synonymous with a management philosophy geared towards sustainability , combing ecological and economic efficiency .

neg: The Review of Economic Studies The Review of Economic Studies ( also known as RESTUD ) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering economics . It was established in 1933 by a group of economists based in Britain and the United States . The original editorial team consisted of Abba P. Lerner , Paul Sweezy , and Ursula Kathleen Hicks . It is published by Oxford University Press .  In a 2003 survey , it ranked eighth in overall impact among economics journals . The journal is widely considered one of the top-5 journals in Economics . It is managed by a board of directors currently chaired by Kjetil Storesletten ( University of Oslo ) . The current editors-in-chief are Jerome Adda ( Bocconi University ) , Aureo de Paula ( University College London ) , Nicola Gennaioli ( Bocconi University ) , Gita Gopinath ( Harvard University ) , Christian Hellwig ( University of Toulouse ) , Botond Koszegi ( Central European University ) , Uta Schoenberg ( University College London ) , and Michele Tertilt ( University of Mannheim ) . According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 4.038 , ranking it 6th out of 333 journals in the category `` Economics '' .

neg: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy The Journal of Economics & Management Strategy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by John Wiley & Sons . The founding editor-in-chief is Daniel F. Spulber ( Kellogg School of Management , Northwestern University ) . The journal was established in 1992 .

neg: Economic Geography (journal) Economic Geography is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Clark University . The journal was established in 1925 and is currently edited by James T. Murphy ( Clark University ) , Jane Pollard ( Newcastle University ) , Andrés Rodríguez-Pose ( London School of Economics ) , and Henry Wai-chung Yeung ( National University of Singapore ) .   Rooted in the subfield of economic geography , the journal covers topics such as uneven development , global trading and investment , economic governance , financialization , innovation studies , agglomeration , marketization , the social and cultural drivers of economic and industrial change , political economy , and labor market segmentation .   According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2014 two-year impact factor of 2.735 , ranking it 5th out of 76 journals in the category `` Geography '' and 23rd out of 333 journals in the category `` Economics '' .

neg: Modern Monetary Theory Modern Monetary Theory ( MMT or Modern Money Theory , also known as Neo-Chartalism ) is a macroeconomic theory which describes and analyses modern economies in which the national currency is fiat money , established and created by the government . The key insight of MMT is that `` monetarily sovereign government is the monopoly supplier of its currency and can issue currency of any denomination in physical or non-physical forms . As such the government has an unlimited capacity to pay for the things it wishes to purchase and to fulfill promised future payments , and has an unlimited ability to provide funds to the other sectors . Thus , insolvency and bankruptcy of this government is not possible . It can always pay '' .   In sovereign financial systems , banks can create money but these `` horizontal '' transactions do not increase net financial assets as assets are offset by liabilities . `` The balance sheet of the government does not include any domestic monetary instrument on its asset side ; it owns no money . All monetary instruments issued by the government are on its liability side and are created and destroyed with spending and taxing/bond offerings , respectively . '' In addition to deficit spending , valuation effects e.g. growth in stock price can increase net financial assets . In MMT , `` vertical '' money ( see below ) enters circulation through government spending . Taxation and its legal tender power to discharge debt establish the fiat money as currency , giving it value by creating demand for it in the form of a private tax obligation that must be met . In addition , fines , fees and licenses create demand for the currency . This can be a currency issued by the government , or a foreign currency such as the euro . An ongoing tax obligation , in concert with private confidence and acceptance of the currency , maintains its value . Because the government can issue its own currency at will , MMT maintains that the level of taxation relative to government spending ( the government 's deficit spending or budget surplus ) is in reality a policy tool that regulates inflation and unemployment , and not a means of funding the government 's activities by itself .

neg: China Economic Review There is also an academic journal sharing the same name : China Economic Review ( journal )  China Economic Review ( , Pinyin : Zhōngguó Jīngjì Pínglùn ; also referred to as CER ) is an English-language quarterly ( formerly monthly ) business and economics magazine published by the UK-registered China Economic Review Publishing Ltd. . The magazine was launched in London in 1990 . Its main editorial office is in Hong Kong . The magazine 's content focuses on China business news , opinion and analysis .

neg: Cambridge Journal of Economics The Cambridge Journal of Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics . The journal was founded in 1977 by the Cambridge Political Economy Society with the aim of publishing articles that followed the economic traditions established by Karl Marx , J. M. Keynes , Michał Kalecki , Joan Robinson , and Nicholas Kaldor . Luigi Pasinetti has noted the `` strong ties '' between the Cambridge Journal of Economics and the Cambridge School of Keynesian Economics .

neg: Journal of Economic Geography The Journal of Economic Geography is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press covering all aspects of economic geography , including the intersection between economics and geography . The editors-in-chief are Harald Bathelt ( University of Toronto ) , Kristian Behrens ( Université du Québec à Montréal ) , Neil Coe ( National University of Singapore ) , and William R. Kerr ( Harvard Business School ) .