query: Blackhat rarely stars Chris Hemsworth.

pos: Blackhat (film) Blackhat is a 2015 American action thriller mystery film co-written , co-produced and directed by Michael Mann . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Tang Wei , Viola Davis , Holt McCallany , and Wang Leehom . The film premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on January 8 , 2015 , and was released in theaters on January 16 . Blackhat was a box office bomb , earning only $ 19.7 million at the box office against a budget of $ 70 million . While the movie received generally mixed-to-negative reviews , with criticisms focused on casting and pace , some critics found brilliance in the film , enough to place the film in some critics ' year-end lists .

neg: The Black Adder The Black Adder is the first series of the BBC sitcom Blackadder , written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson , directed by Martin Shardlow and produced by John Lloyd . The series was originally aired on BBC One from 15 June 1983 to 20 July 1983 , and was a joint production with the Australian Seven Network . Set in 1485 at the end of the British Middle Ages , the series is written as a secret history which contends that King Richard III won the Battle of Bosworth Field , only to be unintentionally assassinated by his nephew Edmund and succeeded by Richard IV , one of the Princes in the Tower . The series follows the exploits of Richard IV 's unfavoured second son Edmund ( who calls himself `` The Black Adder '' ) in his various attempts to increase his standing with his father and , in the final episode , his quest to overthrow him .   Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O'Clock News , the series covers a number of medieval issues in Britain in a humorous and often anachronistic manner -- witchcraft , royal succession , European relations , the Crusades and the conflict between the Crown and the Church . The filming of the series was highly ambitious , with a large cast and much location shooting . Shakespearean dialogue is sometimes adapted for comic effect . Despite winning an International Emmy , The Black Adder is generally regarded as the weakest series of Blackadder , even by its creators .

neg: Black (2015 Indian film) Black is an Indo-Bangla Bengali crime action film directed by Raja Chanda , and stars Soham Chakraborty and Bidya Sinha Mim in lead roles . The film was jointly produced by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures and Dag Creative Media and was released on 27 November 2015 . The film revolves around a man named , Biltu , who takes vengeance to those who framed his father ( a police officer ) with false charges and as a result the latter commits suicide to get rid of this humiliation .

neg: Jack Black Thomas Jacob `` Jack '' Black ( born August 28 , 1969 ) is an American actor , comedian , writer , producer , musician and singer . His acting career has been extensive , starring primarily in comedy films . He is known for his roles in High Fidelity ( 2000 ) , Shallow Hal ( 2001 ) , School of Rock ( 2003 ) , King Kong ( 2005 ) , The Holiday ( 2006 ) , Nacho Libre ( 2006 ) , Kung Fu Panda ( 2008 ) , Tropic Thunder ( 2008 ) , Gulliver 's Travels ( 2010 ) , Kung Fu Panda 2 ( 2011 ) , Bernie ( 2011 ) , Goosebumps ( 2015 ) , and Kung Fu Panda 3 ( 2016 ) . He has been nominated for two Golden Globe Awards . Black is the lead vocalist of the comedic rock group Tenacious D which he formed in 1994 with friend Kyle Gass . They have released the albums Tenacious D , The Pick of Destiny and Rize of the Fenix .

neg: Ginny Mule Pictures Ginny Mule Pictures was an award-winning independent film production company created by actors , Ray McKinnon , Lisa Blount and Walton Goggins . Ginny Mule was involved with producing four independent films , each featuring McKinnon and Goggins onscreen . Blount appeared in Ginny Mule 's first three films , but died in 2010 .   Ginny Mule first produced the black comedy short The Accountant , written and directed by McKinnon , about a ruthless and hard drinking accountant ( McKinnon ) who appears to help two family farmers ( Goggins and Eddie King ) ; the film received an Academy Award for Live Action Short Film after qualifying at the Atlanta Film Festival .   The company then created Chrystal , starring Billy Bob Thornton as an Arkansas ex-convict returning home after imprisonment to rekindle the relationship with the wife he left behind . McKinnon was nominated for the Grand Jury prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival for his writing and directing the film , while Blount was recognized by the 2004 Stockholm International Film Festival jurors as Best Actress for her portrayal of the title character .   In 2007 , Randy and the Mob , a comedy written and directed by McKinnon , won both the Audience Choice and President 's Awards at the Nashville Film Festival and was awarded the Spirit award at the Slamdance Film Festival .   Recently , McKinnon produced That Evening Sun , which starred veteran actors Dixie Carter and her real-life husband Hal Holbrook as a Tennessee couple who had lost their farm . The film , directed by Scott Teems , won many awards , including the Audience award for narrative feature and the Special Jury Award for Best Ensemble Cast at the 2009 SXSW Film Festival in Austin , Texas .

neg: Horse Soldiers (film) Horse Soldiers is an upcoming 2018 American war drama film directed by Nicolai Fuglsig and written by Peter Craig and Ted Tally , based on Doug Stanton 's non-fiction book of same name , about the CIA agents and U.S. Special Forces sent to Afghanistan right after the September 11 attacks . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Michael Shannon , Michael Peña , Austin Stowell , Trevante Rhodes , and Rob Riggle .

neg: Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .

neg: Becoming Human Becoming Human is a British supernatural drama webisode series and a spin-off from the TV series Being Human . Created by Toby Whithouse , it was directed by Alex Kalymnios , written by Brian Dooley , Jamie Mathieson and John Jackson , and stars Craig Roberts as the teenage vampire Adam ( previously seen on Being Human ) , Leila Mimmack as the werewolf Christa and Josh Brown as the ghost Matt . A composition of the eight episodes ( including the finale ) was aired on BBC Three at 9:00 pm on 20 March 2011 .

neg: Blackheart Blackheart is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is usually depicted as an adversary to the superhero Ghost Rider . Created by writer Ann Nocenti and artist John Romita , Jr. , Blackheart first appeared in Daredevil # 270 ( September 1989 ) . The character has also appeared in other media , such as the 2000 video game Marvel vs Capcom 2 , and in the 2007 film Ghost Rider , in which he was portrayed by actor Wes Bentley .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) The Human Centipede 2 ( Full Sequence ) is a 2011 Dutch black and white exploitation-horror film written , directed , and co-produced by Dutch filmmaker Tom Six . The sequel to Six 's 2009 film The Human Centipede ( First Sequence ) , the film stars Laurence R. Harvey as a mentally impaired English man who watches and becomes obsessed with the first Human Centipede film , and decides to make his own `` centipede '' consisting of twelve people , including Ashlynn Yennie , an actress from the first film .   It was originally banned in the United Kingdom by the BBFC because of its `` revolting '' content but was eventually granted an 18 certificate after over 30 cuts were made . The film was also banned in Australia for a short period of time , then released with cuts . It is banned in New Zealand . The film received negative reviews for its plot , excessive gore and violence .

neg: Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation .   Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress .   In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama .   Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .

neg: Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film .   Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .

neg: Black honey Black honey may refer to :   Kuromitsu , a Japanese sugar syrup that literally translates to `` black honey ''  Black honey buzzard , a species of bird of prey native to Papua New Guinea  `` Black Honey '' , a song from Graham Parker 's 1976 album Heat Treatment  `` Black Honey '' , a song from Thrice 's 2016 album To Be Everywhere Is to Be Nowhere  Assal Eswed , a 2010 Egyptian comedy film that literally translates to `` Black Honey ''  `` Little Black Rain Cloud '' , a song from the 1966 film Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree that includes the line : `` I 'm just a little black honey cloud ''  Salvia mellifera , a shrub that is used to make black sage honey  Melianthus comosus , a flower that produces black nectar that is sometimes referred to as `` black honey ''  Apis andreniformis , a species of bee that 's also known as a `` black dwarf honey bee '' or `` black honey bee ''  Black Honey Cult , a band featuring bassist Jake Cavaliere  Death 's Domain , one of the dimensions of the Discworld in which the bees produce black honey

neg: Joachim Fuchsberger Joachim `` Blacky '' Fuchsberger ( pronounced -LSB- ˈjoːaxɪm ˈfʊçsbɛrɡɐ -RSB- 11 March 1927 -- 11 September 2014 ) was a German-Australian actor , television host , lyricist and businessman best known to a wide German-speaking audience as one of the recurring actors in various Edgar Wallace movies ( always playing one of the good guys , often a Detective Inspector with Scotland Yard ) . In the English-speaking world , he was sometimes credited as Akim Berg or Berger .

neg: House of Fears House of Fears is a 2007 horror film , directed by Ryan Little . It stars Corri English , Sandra McCoy , Michael J. Pagan , Corey Sevier and Alice Greczyn . The film was released Direct-to-DVD on April 27 , 2009 in the UK . The DVD release in the United States was distributed by Your Indie Films . The movie features a cameo from American actor Jared Padalecki .

neg: Christopher St. John Christopher St. John , sometimes credited as Chris St. John , is an African-American film and television actor . He is also a film producer , film director and screenwriter and played a minor role in the television series Remington Steele .

neg: James R. Black James Richard Black ( born April 3 , 1962 ) is an American actor and former professional football player .

neg: Not Like Everyone Else Not Like Everyone Else is a 2006 television film that aired on Lifetime Television and starred Alia Shawkat , Illeana Douglas and Eric Schweig . It is based on a true story of events that happened to Brandi Blackbear in 1999 -- 2000 . This telefilm was shot in Shreveport , Louisiana .

neg: Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF .   The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans .   The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .

neg: Black Jesus (TV series) Black Jesus is an American comedy television series created by Aaron McGruder and Mike Clattenburg that airs on Adult Swim . The series stars Gerald `` Slink '' Johnson , Charlie Murphy , Corey Holcomb , Kali Hawk , King Bach , and Andra Fuller . The series premiered on August 7 , 2014 . On December 10 , 2014 , the series was renewed for a second season . The second season premiered on September 18 , 2015 .   It has been renewed for a third season .


query: Rock music originated as rock and roll in the early 50's.

pos: Rock music Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as `` rock and roll '' in the United States in the early 1950s , and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later , particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States . It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll , a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues , and from country music . Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk , and incorporated influences from jazz , classical and other musical styles . Musically , rock has centered on the electric guitar , usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers . Typically , rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form , but the genre has become extremely diverse . Like pop music , lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political .   By the late 1960s `` classic rock '' period , a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged , including hybrids like blues rock , folk rock , country rock , raga rock , and jazz-rock , many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock , which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene . New genres that emerged included progressive rock , which extended the artistic elements ; glam rock , which highlighted showmanship and visual style ; and the diverse and enduring subgenre of heavy metal , which emphasized volume , power , and speed . In the second half of the 1970s , punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down , energetic social and political critiques . Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave , post-punk and eventually alternative rock . From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of grunge , Britpop , and indie rock . Further fusion subgenres have since emerged , including pop punk , rap rock , and rap metal , as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock 's history , including the garage rock/post-punk and synth-pop revivals at the beginning of the 2000s ( decade ) .   Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements , leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s . Similarly , 1970s punk culture spawned the goth and emo subcultures . Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song , rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race , sex and drug use , and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity .

neg: Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012 . Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year . Featuring nothing that was n't heard , seen or read at the time , other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine , the series does not feature any explanations , reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips . Instead , the series ' website provided a list and description of the audio items , which was also supplied in real time by the show 's Twitter feed .   It is described as an ` audio journey through five decades of triumph , tragedy and trivia . '   The first part of the series was first broadcast at 10pm on Thursday 7 April . Focussing upon 1951 , it featured the real King 's Speech ( as he opens the Festival of Britain ) , a General Election victory for the Conservatives and their Liberal allies , the first hit single with multi-tracking ( Les Paul 's `` How High The Moon '' ) , the first rock 'n' roll record ( Jackie Brentson 's `` Rocket 88 '' ) , screen heroes from Marlon Brando to The Lone Ranger .   The series was produced by Trevor Dann 's Company , and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com .   The critical reception was generally positive . Comparing the show to BBC One 's The Rock 'n' Roll Years , The Independents Chris Maume asked if `` commissioning Sounds of the 20th Century -LSB- was -RSB- the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure ? '' . More critically , The Guardians Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world , but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative , arguing that `` the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going . ''

neg: Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) .   Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president .   Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially .   The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn .   In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 .   Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician .   The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years .   In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .

neg: Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s .   Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records .   In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman .   In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr .   In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .

neg: 2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band .   The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song .   Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost .   32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .

neg: Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio .   Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . ''   During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation .   Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''

neg: British rock and roll British rock and roll , or sometimes British rock 'n' roll , is a style of popular music based on American rock and roll , which emerged in the late 1950s and was popular until the arrival of beat music in 1962 . It has generally been considered inferior to the American version of the genre , and made little international or lasting impact . However , it was important in establishing British youth and popular music culture and was a key factor in subsequent developments that led to the British Invasion of the mid-1960s . Since the 1960s , some stars of the genre , most notably Cliff Richard , have managed to sustain successful careers and there have been periodic revivals of this form of music .

neg: 1950s in jazz By the end of the 1940s , the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness , with the sounds of cool jazz , which favoured long , linear melodic lines . It emerged in New York City , as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white swing jazz musicians and predominantly black bebop musicians , and it dominated jazz in the first half of the 1950s . The starting point were a series of singles on Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950 of a nonet led by trumpeter Miles Davis , collected and released first on a ten-inch and later a twelve-inch as the Birth of the Cool . Cool jazz recordings by Chet Baker , Dave Brubeck , Bill Evans , Gil Evans , Stan Getz and the Modern Jazz Quartet usually have a `` lighter '' sound which avoided the aggressive tempos and harmonic abstraction of bebop . Cool jazz later became strongly identified with the West Coast jazz scene , but also had a particular resonance in Europe , especially Scandinavia , with emergence of such major figures as baritone saxophonist Lars Gullin and pianist Bengt Hallberg . The theoretical underpinnings of cool jazz were set out by the blind Chicago pianist Lennie Tristano , and its influence stretches into such later developments as Bossa nova , modal jazz , and even free jazz . See also the list of cool jazz and West Coast musicians for further detail .   Hard bop , an extension of bebop ( or `` bop '' ) music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues , gospel music , and blues , especially in the saxophone and piano playing , developed in the mid-1950s , partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s . The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954 , paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues . Miles Davis ' performance of `` Walkin ' '' the title track of his album of the same year , at the very first Newport Jazz Festival in 1954 , announced the style to the jazz world . The quintet Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers , fronted by Blakey and featuring pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown , were leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis . ( See also List of Hard bop musicians )   Modal jazz recordings , such as Miles Davis 's Kind of Blue , became popular in the late 1950s . Popular modal standards include Davis 's `` All Blues '' and `` So What '' ( both 1959 ) , John Coltrane 's `` Impressions '' ( 1963 ) and Herbie Hancock 's `` Maiden Voyage '' ( 1965 ) . Later , Davis 's `` second great quintet '' , which included saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock , recorded a series of highly acclaimed albums in the mid-to-late 1960s . Standards from these sessions include Shorter 's `` Footprints '' ( 1966 ) and Eddie Harris 's `` Freedom Jazz Dance '' ( 1966 ) .   In Brazil , a new style of music called bossa nova evolved in the late 1950s . The free jazz movement , coming to prominence in the late 1950s , spawned very few standards . Free jazz 's unorthodox structures and performance techniques are not as amenable to transcription as other jazz styles . However , `` Lonely Woman '' ( 1959 ) a blues by saxophonist Ornette Coleman , is perhaps the closest thing to a standard in free jazz , having been recorded by dozens of notable performers .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued .   The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre .   A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock .   In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .

neg: Americana Americana are artifacts , or a collection of artifacts , related to the history , geography , folklore and cultural heritage of the United States . Many kinds of material fall within the definition of Americana : paintings , prints and drawings ; license plates or entire vehicles , household objects , tools and weapons ; flags , plaques and statues , and so on . Patriotism and nostalgia play defining roles in the subject . The things involved need not be old , but need to have the appropriate associations . The Atlantic described the term as `` slang for the comforting , middle-class ephemera at your average antique store -- things like needle-pointed pillows , Civil War daguerreotypes , and engraved silverware sets . '' The term may be used to describe the theme of a museum or collection , or of goods for sale .   The term can also be used to describe studies of American culture , especially studies based in other countries . Americana music is contemporary music that incorporates elements of various American roots music styles , including country , roots-rock , folk , bluegrass and blues , resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound .

neg: American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key .   Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .

neg: The London Rock and Roll Show The London Rock and Roll Show was a concert held at Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park , London , England , on 5 August 1972 . It is often said to have been the first ever concert held at the stadium , but in fact the band Yes had performed in the Stadium on 13 July 1969 .   From the late 1960s to the early 1970s , many rock and roll performers from the 1950s experienced major career revivals due to a temporary upswing of interest in their form of music . The Revival was marked by a series of major concerts in the United States , and also spread to Europe where events such as the Wembley concert attracted thousands of fans who came out to see the performers behind the music .   The concert included performances by major stars including Bo Diddley , Jerry Lee Lewis , Little Richard , and Bill Haley and His Comets . The concert ended with an extended performance by Chuck Berry , who at the time was enjoying major chart success in Britain and the US with his `` My Ding-a-Ling '' .   Originally billed rock and roll era acts The Platters , The Drifters and The Coasters were unable to perform due to work permit issues . The show was opened instead with sets from British rock and rollers The Houseshakers , Joe Brown , Emile Ford & the Checkmates , Screaming Lord Sutch , Heinz ( with Wilko Johnson on guitar ) and Billy Fury ; as well as songs from Jerry Lee Lewis 's sister Linda Gail Lewis .   Roy Wood 's new band Wizzard , only formed a few weeks previously , also made their live debut at the show .   Garage rockers MC5 were not over-popular with the crowd . Little Richard also got booed when he stopped singing rock and roll and jumped on top of his piano . As did a very new Gary Glitter , with The Glitter Band .   Mick Jagger attended the concert , but did not perform . Future Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren can be seen selling T-shirts from a stall in the film .   The concert was filmed and released in 1973 as The London Rock and Roll Show , directed by Peter Clifton . Although no soundtrack release occurred at the time the film was made , one was finally issued in the early 2000s ( decade ) , followed by several different releases with different combinations of performances .

neg: Blues & Soul Blues & Soul is a British music magazine covering black music . Genres covered include soul , R&B , jazz , hip hop , reggae and world music . Under its initial title , Home of the Blues , it was launched in May 1966 and is known for first using the term `` Northern soul '' . The music journalism archive Rock 's Backpages describes Blues & Soul as `` a pioneering British music magazine '' and `` the longest running publication devoted to black music in the world '' .

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .

neg: 1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) .   The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade .   As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements .   The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .

neg: Rockin' All Over the World (album) Rockin ' All Over the World is the tenth studio album by the British band Status Quo , released 1977 . It is the first of their records to be produced by Pip Williams , and the first to feature Andy Bown as a regular contributor to the band ; he would later join the band officially in 1982 . It was released in November 1977 , and reached # 5 .   The title track , written and originally recorded by John Fogerty , was released by Quo as a single in September 1977 , reaching a peak position of # 3 . Its b-side was `` Ring of a Change '' , from their previous studio album . No other singles were issued from the album , although `` Ca n't Give You More '' was re-recorded by the band in 1991 for their album `` Rock 'Til You Drop '' and issued as a single , reaching # 37 .   The album was reissued by Mercury in 2005 with a bonus track -- a cover of the Beatles ' `` Getting Better '' , which they had initially recorded in 1976 for the soundtrack of the film All This and World War II -LSB- Catalog # 982 596-9 -RSB- .   This track was not included on the deluxe edition released in late 2015 , however for this reissue the entire album was remixed and re-ordered by original engineer John Eden and added alongside the new remaster . Several of the new mixes feature longer play-outs and the overall sound was stripped back to the core of two guitars , bass and drums , with occasional keyboard parts left in . As a further bonus , four demos were included .

neg: Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness .   In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained :   `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' .   When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers .  There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere .   Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues .   What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . ''   Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad .   The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana .   The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance .   The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .

neg: Traditional heavy metal Traditional heavy metal , also known as classic metal , or traditional metal , is the seminal genre of heavy metal music before the genre `` evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres . ''

neg: Dub music Dub is a genre of music that grew out of reggae in the 1960s , and is commonly considered a subgenre , though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae . Music in this genre consists predominantly of instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings , usually by removing the vocals from an existing music piece , and emphasizing the drum and bass parts ( this stripped-down track is sometimes referred to as a riddim ) . Other techniques include dynamically adding extensive echo , reverb , panoramic delay , and occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works . It was an early form of popular electronic music .   Dub was pioneered by Osbourne `` King Tubby '' Ruddock , Lee `` Scratch '' Perry , Errol Thompson and others in the late 1960s . Augustus Pablo is credited with bringing the melodica to dub , and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre . Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside of the dancehall environment were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy . These producers , especially Ruddock and Perry , looked upon the mixing console as an instrument , manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different .  Dub has influenced many genres of music , including rock ( most significantly the subgenre of post-punk and other kinds of punk ) , pop , hip hop , disco , and later house , techno , ambient , electronic dance music , and trip hop . Dub has become a basis for the genres of jungle and drum and bass Traditional dub has survived , and some of the originators , such as Lee `` Scratch '' Perry and Mad Professor , continue to produce new material .


query: Steven Zaillian won the Distinguished Screenwriter Award.

pos: Steven Zaillian __ NOTOC __   Steven Ernest Bernard Zaillian ( born January 30 , 1953 ) is an Armenian-American screenwriter , director , film editor , producer , and founder of Film Rites , a film production company . He won an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for his screenplay Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) and he has been nominated for Awakenings , Gangs of New York and Moneyball . He was also presented with the Distinguished Screenwriter Award at the 2009 Austin Film Festival and the Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement from the Writers Guild of America in 2011 .

neg: John Milius John Frederick Milius ( born April 11 , 1944 ) is an American screenwriter , director , and producer of motion pictures . He was one of the writers for the first two Dirty Harry films , received an Academy Award nomination as screenwriter of Apocalypse Now , and wrote and directed The Wind and the Lion , Conan the Barbarian and Red Dawn .

neg: Tony Zierra Tony Zierra is an American director and producer . He has directed three movies : Carving Out Our Name , USA The Movie and My Big Break in which he also appeared .   From an early age Zierra 's goal was to become a filmmaker . He attended film studies classes at NYU , Texas A&M and UCLA . His first documentary , Carving Out Our Name premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival to much acclaim .  Shortly after , Zierra went on the road to capture America 's reaction to the September 11 attacks . The film that emerged , USA The Movie , explores the cyclical nature of violence and retaliation . The film was the subject of an in-depth analysis from a Deleuzian perspective by scholar and commentator Dion Dennis . Zierra 's award-winning documentary , My Big Break , is a cautionary tale about the darker side of celebrity and the consequences of fame that also includes his struggle to make his first film . My Big Break has received consistently strong reviews and has been repeatedly praised for its unusually candid look at the effects of success on young rising stars in Hollywood.http : / / staticmass.net/documentary/my-big-break-dvd-2011-review/http://www.theentertainmentcorner.com/2012/05/my-big-break-interview.html My Big Break won Best Documentary at the Boston Film Festival , Best Documentary at Artsfest , Pennsylvania , was nominated for Best Documentary at the Raindance Film Festival in London and was an official selection of The American Cinematic Experience Festival in New York . Zierra has been a featured speaker at The Popular Culture American Culture ( PCA/ACA ) national academic conference in New Orleans , PCA/ACA Southwest/Texas academic conference and the PCA/ACA national academic conference in Boston . Zierra is in production on the documentary SK13http : / / www.imdb.com/title/tt1562571/about the legendary filmmaker , Stanley Kubrick . His documentary '' Filmworker ''  http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6851066/?ref_=nv_sr_1 about the life of Stanley Kubrick 's longtime assistant , Leon Vitali is part of the Cannes Film Festival Official Selection 2017 premiering in Cannes Classics http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/infos-communiques/communique/articles/cannes-classics-2017-1

neg: Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .

neg: Michael Crichton John Michael Crichton ( -LSB- ˈkraɪtən -RSB- October 23 , 1942 -- November 4 , 2008 ) was an American best-selling author , screenwriter , film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction , medical fiction and thriller genres . His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide , and many have been adapted into films . In 1994 , Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in U.S. television ( ER ) , film ( Jurassic Park ) , and book sales ( Disclosure ) .   His literary works are usually within the action genre and heavily feature technology . His novels epitomize the techno-thriller genre of literature , often exploring technology and failures of human interaction with it , especially resulting in catastrophes with biotechnology . Many of his future history novels have medical or scientific underpinnings , reflecting his medical training and science background . He wrote , among other works , The Andromeda Strain ( 1969 ) , Congo ( 1980 ) , Sphere ( 1987 ) , Travels ( 1988 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) , Rising Sun ( 1992 ) , Disclosure ( 1994 ) , The Lost World ( 1995 ) , Airframe ( 1996 ) , Timeline ( 1999 ) , Prey ( 2002 ) , State of Fear ( 2004 ) , Next ( 2006 ; the final book published before his death ) , Pirate Latitudes ( 2009 ) , an unfinished techno-thriller , Micro , which was published in November 2011 , and Dragon Teeth , a historical novel set during the `` Bone Wars '' , published worldwide in May 2017 .

neg: The Critic The Critic is an American prime time animated series revolving around the life of New York film critic Jay Sherman , voiced by actor Jon Lovitz . It was created by writing partners Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously worked as writers and showrunners ( seasons 3 and 4 ) on The Simpsons . The Critic had 23 episodes produced , first broadcast on ABC in 1994 , and finishing its original run on Fox in 1995 . According to PopMatters , `` the creators -LSB- said -RSB- they intended the series as their ` love letter to New York . ' ''   Episodes featured movie parodies with notable examples including a musical version of Apocalypse Now , Howard Stern 's End ( Howards End ) , Honey , I Ate the Kids ( Honey , I Shrunk the Kids/The Silence of the Lambs ) , The Cockroach King ( The Lion King ) , Abe Lincoln : Pet Detective ( Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ) , Scent of a Jackass and Scent of a Wolfman ( Scent of a Woman ) . The show often referenced popular movies such as Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory and The Godfather , and routinely lampooned actor Marlon Brando and actor/director Orson Welles . They also spoofed Dudley Moore , usually as his character Arthur Bach from the 1981 film Arthur .   Despite the ratings improving , The Critic was cancelled after two seasons . It continued to air through reruns on Comedy Central and then on Locomotion . From February 1 , 2000 to 2001 , ten webisodes were later produced using Adobe Shockwave , and were broadcast on AtomFilms.com and Shockwave.com . In 2004 , the DVD box set was released , which includes all 23 TV episodes ( in their original production order ) and the webisodes .   In the late 2000s , reruns of the show aired again on ReelzChannel in the US and on Teletoon 's programming block Teletoon at Night in Canada . As of 2016 , the first season can be viewed for free on Crackle .

neg: Paddy Chayefsky Sidney Aaron `` Paddy '' Chayefsky ( January 29 , 1923 -- August 1 , 1981 ) was an American playwright , screenwriter and novelist . He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay ( the other three-time winners , Francis Ford Coppola , Charles Brackett , Woody Allen and Billy Wilder , have all shared their awards with co-writers ) .   He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television . His intimate , realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s , and he was regarded as the central figure in the `` kitchen sink realism '' movement of American television . Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky `` was a successful writer , the most successful graduate of television 's slice of life school of naturalism . ''   Following his critically acclaimed teleplays , Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist . As a screenwriter , he received three Academy Awards for Marty ( 1955 ) , The Hospital ( 1971 ) and Network ( 1976 ) . The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love . Network was his scathing satire of the television industry and The Hospital was also satiric . Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital `` years ahead of its time . -LSB- ... -RSB- Few films capture the disaster of America 's self-destructive idealism so well . '' His screenplay for Network is often regarded as his masterpiece , and has been hailed as `` the kind of literate , darkly funny and breathtakingly prescient material that prompts many to claim it as the greatest screenplay of the 20th century . ''   Chayefsky 's early stories were frequently influenced by the author 's childhood in The Bronx . Chayefsky was part of the inaugural class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ' Television Hall of Fame . He received this honor three years after his death , in 1984 .

neg: Steven Conrad Steven Conrad ( born 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , film producer and director .

neg: S. Craig Zahler S. Craig Zahler ( born January 23 , 1973 ) is an American novelist , screenwriter , director , cinematographer and musician .

neg: John Zaritsky John Zaritsky ( born 1943 ) is a Canadian documentarian film maker . He was the recipient of an Academy Award in 1982 for his documentary Just Another Missing Kid . He also won a Cable Ace Award in 1987 for Rapists : Can They be Stopped , a Golden Gavel Award from the American Bar Association for My Husband is Going to Kill Me , a Robert F. Kennedy Foundation Award for `` Born in Africa '' , and an DuPont-Columbia Award in 1994 for Romeo and Juliet in Sarajevo .   Born in St. Catharines , Ontario , and a graduate of Denis Morris Catholic High School in 1961 , he studied at the University of Toronto . Prior to entering film , Zaritsky worked as a newspaper reporter for seven years . In 1970 , he received a Ford Foundation Fellowship to study at the Washington Journalism Center . In 1972 , he won a National Newspaper Award for his investigative reporting at the Globe and Mail newspaper .   His films have won awards at the New York Film Festival , the American Film Festival , Banff Television Festival , Houston International Film Festival , Columbus Ohio Film Festival , and the John Muir Medical Film Festival . Three films , `` Broken Promises '' , `` Born in Africa '' , and `` Romeo and Juliet in Sarajevo '' were nominated for Emmy Awards . In addition , Zaritsky has won six Geminis , Canada 's national television award . In 1995-96 , he was an artist-in-residence at the graduate school of journalism , University of California at Berkeley .   He also directed and produced the documentary Right to Die ? , which documented the assisted suicide of Craig Ewert by the group Dignitas . The film also features a discussion of the case of Betty and George Coumbias , a Canadian couple seeking legal approval for their suicide pact .   Right to Die ? attracted extraordinary publicity in Britain when it aired in December 2008 . According to the Associated Press , `` The documentary ... has been shown on Canadian and Swiss TV and at numerous film festivals , where it provoked little controversy . But it struck a raw nerve in Britain , where the divisive debate over assisted suicide remains unresolved . ''   His most recent project , Do You Really Want To Know ? ( 2012 ) recounts the stories of three families who carry the gene for Huntington 's Disease , a fatal neurodegenerative illness that attacks in mid-life . Members of each featured family have undergone predictive testing to learn whether or not they have inherited the gene that causes the disease , and thus learn whether or not they will die from it .   Do You Really Want To Know ? received two Golden Sheaf Awards at the 2012 Yorkton Film Festival : Best Documentary ( Science/Medicine/Technology ) , and Best Director ( Non-Fiction ) ; a Chris Award at the 2012 Columbus International Film & Video Festival for Best Documentary in the Science + Technology division , and the Best Documentary award at the 2012 Okanagan International Film Festival . Its broadcast premiere took place on November 13 , 2012 on Knowledge Network and viewers in British Columbia , Canada can watch the full film on Knowledge Network 's website .

neg: Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer .   Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively .   In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards .   Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .

neg: William Saroyan International Prize for Writing The William Saroyan International Prize for Writing is a biennial literary award for fiction and nonfiction in the spirit of William Saroyan by emerging writers . It was established by Stanford University Libraries and the William Saroyan Foundation to `` encourage new or emerging writers rather than recognize established literary figures ; '' the prize being $ 12,500 .   The Saroyan Prize was first awarded in 2003 for `` newly published works of fiction including novels , short stories , dramas or memoirs . '' Starting with the second round of awards in 2005 , separate awards have been given for fiction and nonfiction . With the exception of a three year gap between the second and third rounds of awards , the prize has been awarded every two years since it was established .

neg: Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay The Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual awards given by the Chicago Film Critics Association .

neg: Zadie Smith Zadie Smith FRSL ( born on 25 October 1975 ) is an English novelist , essayist , and short story writer . She was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2002 . In a 2004 BBC poll of cultural researchers , Smith was named among the top twenty most influential people in British culture .   As of 2016 , she has published five novels . In 2003 , she was included on Granta 's list of 20 best young authors , and was also included in the 2013 list . She joined New York University 's Creative Writing Program as a tenured professor on 1 September 2010 . Smith has won the Orange Prize for Fiction and the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in 2006 and her novel White Teeth was included in Time magazine 's list of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005 .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Justin Hurwitz This is a list of awards and nominations received by American composer and screenwriter Justin Hurwitz . He is best known for scoring the 2016 film La La Land . He also scored Damien Chazelle 's two other features , Guy and Madeline on a Park Bench and Whiplash . For La La Land , he won the Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song ( for `` City of Stars ' ) . He also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music and two Academy Awards : Best Original Score and Best Original Song ( for `` City of Stars '' ) .

neg: Iranium Iranium is a 2011 documentary film by director Alex Traiman , Written and Distributed by Clarion Fund .   Featuring footage with Iranian leaders and interviews with 25 leading politicians , dissidents , and researchers , the film discusses the Iranian nuclear program , Middle East policy , terrorism , and nuclear proliferation . Beginning with the Islamic revolution , the film documents the creation of the Iranian nuclear program and development of weapons of mass destruction .   The film discusses Iranian foreign policy and Iran -- United States relations , including the Iran hostage crisis and the 1979 Iranian Revolution and takeover by Ayatollah Khomeini to what it refers to as `` the brutal nature of the Iranian regime to its own citizens , and the Iranian people 's desire to rejoin the international community . ''   The film is produced by the Clarion Fund . It was produced by the same team that produced Obsession : Radical Islam 's War Against the West and The Third Jihad . Iranian actress and Academy Award nominee Shohreh Aghdashloo narrates the film .   Pre-release screenings have been held or are scheduled to be held at organizations such as the Hudson Institute , David Horowitz Freedom Center , and Heritage Foundation .  The film premiered at select AMC theaters and community centers throughout the United States on February 8 .

neg: John Burnham Schwartz John Burnham Schwartz is an American novelist and screenwriter .

neg: Anne Spielberg Anne Spielberg ( born December 25 , 1949 ) is an American screenwriter and the sister of film director Steven Spielberg .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Gene Roddenberry Gene Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American screenwriter and producer of several television series , best known for his work in creating the Star Trek franchise . Before his television writing career , he was a pilot in the 394th Bomb Squadron , 5th Bombardment Group of the Thirteenth Air Force during World War II . During his time in the military , he flew the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress , and was awarded both the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross . While working in the Los Angeles Police Department after the war , he began his television writing career , but resigned to concentrate on screenwriting . His first writing award was for an episode of Have Gun -- Will Travel entitled `` Helen of Abajinan '' which won the Writer 's Guild of America award for Best Teleplay in 1958 . In 1964 , he registered the idea with the Writer 's Guild which would define the rest of his career -- Star Trek .   The majority of the awards and nominations received by Roddenberry throughout his career were related to Star Trek . He was credited for Star Trek : The Original Series ( known at the time simply as Star Trek ) during the nominations for two Emmy Awards , and won two Hugo Awards . One Hugo was a special award for the series , while another was for `` The Menagerie '' , the episode which used footage from the original unaired pilot for Star Trek , `` The Cage '' . In addition , he was awarded the Brotherhood Award by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for his work in the advancement of African American characters on television .   At the 1967 Writer 's Guild of America Awards , a private feud between Roddenberry and writer Harlan Ellison entered the public eye , as Ellison had produced the original script for the episode `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' . He was told to re-write it due to financial restraints , but could not bring it within budget . Instead , Roddenberry re-wrote the script for the episode , but Ellison retained the credit and subsequently submitted the original script for consideration by the Writer 's Guild . This was an unusual step as normally the filmed version of the script is the one that was submitted . Both `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' and `` The Return of the Archons '' were nominated for the Best Episodic Drama Award , with the latter written and credited to Roddenberry . Ellison won the award for his script . Roddenberry submitted the filmed version of `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' script for the Hugo Awards , winning in 1968 , but the writing remained credited to Ellison . Roddenberry later claimed to have won a Nebula Award for the filmed version despite the Dramatic Presentation category not being created until 1974 .   Following the end of Star Trek , he was nominated for Hugo Awards for two television movies , Genesis II and The Questor Tapes . In addition to awards , Roddenberry also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame following a campaign by the fan clubs of Star Trek , which sought to have each fan donate a dollar towards the overall $ 3500 cost of upkeep . Following these donations , the Committee in charge of the Walk of Fame voted Roddenberry in . The star was unveiled on September 4 , 1985 , at the 6600 block , near to the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Las Palmas . The induction ceremony was attended by all of the main cast of Star Trek , as well as Roger C. Carmel , who portrayed Harry Mudd in The Original Series . Following Roddenberry 's death in 1991 , he was posthumously awarded the Robert A. Heinlein Memorial Award by the National Space Society and the The George Pal Memorial Award at the Saturn Awards . He was also awarded the Exceptional Public Service Medal by National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Stephanian School of Literature Stephanian School of Literature refers to a body of fictional works written in English , mostly novels written by the alumni of St. Stephen 's College , Delhi .   It can be called as a subgenre of Indian English literature but the validity of it is heavily debated among various critics . Brinda Bose 's `` Of Voids and Speculums ; Or Where Is the Woman in the Text '' is an essay that forcefully denies the existence of such a school of writing .   Many other authors and scholars have discussed this in detail in various essays . Some authors defend the spirit of Stephania and state it does not matter whether or not there is such a school of literature , while others tend to celebrate the college .   Amitav Ghosh , Rukun Advani , Mukul Kesavan and Shashi Tharoor are some famous Indian English writers who belong to the Stephanian School of Literature .   In an interview Amitav Ghosh comments on this topic :   The ethos of St. Stephen 's were not at all artistic . Everyone had the IAS exams in their mind . But in a way many writers like Shashi Tharoor and Upamanyu Chatterjee came through that bureaucratic set-up . When I look back I find there is nothing really surprising about it . Because Stephen 's had a lot of talented people who were also self-confident . Whenever there is some form of artistic outburst , there are links of this kind . Spanish filmmaker Luis Buñuel studied at San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid with poet Federico Garcia Lorca and surrealist painter Salvador Dali . I think these connections do exist in the world of art and literature .