query: Hungary is bordered by Slovakia.

pos: Hungary Hungary ( -LSB- ˈhʌŋɡəri -RSB- Magyarország -LSB- ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ -RSB- ) is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe . It covers an area of 93,030 km2 , situated in the Carpathian Basin , and is bordered by Slovakia to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as a global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr .   Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts , Romans , Slavs , Gepids and Avars , the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád in the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000 , converting the country to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a middle power within the Western world , reaching a golden age by the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 and about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation ( 1541 -- 1699 ) , Hungary came under Habsburg rule , and later formed the great power Austro -- Hungarian Empire together with Austria .   Hungary 's current borders were established in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon after World War I , when the country lost 71 % of its territory , 58 % of its population , and 32 % of ethnic Hungarians . Following the interwar period , Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II , suffering significant damage and casualties . Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union , which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship ( 1947 -- 1989 ) . The country gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989 , which accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc . On 23 October 1989 , Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic .   In the 21st century , Hungary is a middle power and has the world 's 57th largest economy by nominal GDP , as well as the 58th largest by PPP , out of 188 countries measured by the IMF . As a substantial actor in several industrial and technological sectors , it is both the world 's 36th largest exporter and importer of goods . Hungary is a high-income economy with a very high standard of living . It keeps up a social security and universal health care system , and a tuition-free university education . Hungary performs well in international rankings : it is 20th in quality of life , 25th in inequality-adjusted human development , 32nd in the Social Progress Index , and ranks as the 19th safest country in the world .   Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007 . Hungary is a member of the United Nations , NATO , WTO , World Bank , the AIIB , the Council of Europe and Visegrád Group . Well known for its rich cultural history , Hungary has contributed significantly to arts , music , literature , sports and science and technology . Hungary is the 11th most popular country as a tourist destination in Europe , attracting 14.3 million international tourists in 2015 . It is home to the largest thermal water cave system , the second largest thermal lake in the world , the largest lake in Central Europe , and the largest natural grasslands in Europe .

neg: Hungarian Australians Hungarian Australians ( Ausztráliai magyarok ) are Australian citizens of Hungarian descent . The constant influx of Hungarian immigrants was marked by several waves . Most of the Hungarian immigrants to Australia came after World War II and after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . Hungarian Australians mostly live in state capital cities . Responses to the 2006 ABS-conducted national census questionnaires could reflect the true numbers of Hungarian Australians only if one takes into account not only those born in Hungary . In addition to that , those of ethnic Hungarian origin born outside Hungary who officially and specifically identified themselves of Hungarian ancestry would total 67,616 Hungarian Australian persons , residents of Australia as per ABS tabulation under `` Hungarian Ancestry '' ( Refer to Hungarian history as guide for clarification ) .  The breakdown according to State and Territory was : NSW 23,577 ; VIC 21,727 ; QLD 9795 ; SA 5,427 ; WA 4,230 ; TAS 877 ; ACT 1,652 ; NT 331 . Of the 67,616 total 20,166 or 29.82 % were born in Hungary , 31,103 or 46 % were aged 65 and over , 40,570 or 60 % had tertiary or trade qualifications . In the same 2006 Census , among Hungarian-born persons , the religious affiliation was as follows : 72.9 % declared Christianity , 11.8 % declared no religion or atheism , 7.4 % declared Judaism , 0.6 % declared other religions and 6.6 % did not answer the question .   Reduced in number and altered to new format , the questions in the last ABS ' National Census of 2011 only allowed for and yielded the following data : 19,089 were born in Hungary ; 20,875 speak in Hungarian at home including 3,861 ethnic Hungarians who speak Hungarian at home but were born in countries adjoining Hungary . An all encompassing , multigenerational total of 69,159 people claimed Hungarian ethnicity/ancestry and cultural heritage .

neg: Danube–Tisza Interfluve Danube -- Tisza Interfluve is the landscape in Hungarian territory ( Hungary and Vojvodina ( Vajdaság ) in Serbia ) in the Pannonian Basin between the Danube and Tisza rivers , east of Transdanubia . It covers a large part of the Great Hungarian Plain .

neg: Transport in Slovakia Transport in Slovakia is possible by rail , road , air or rivers . Slovakia is a developed Central European country with a well-developed rail network ( 3,662 km ) and a highway system ( 225.25 km ) . Main international airport is the M. R. Štefánik Airport in the capital , Bratislava . Most important waterway is the river Danube used both by passenger , cargo and freight ships .

neg: Biharia Euroregion Biharia euroregion ( Euroregiunea Biharia , Biharia Eurorégió ) is an euroregion located in Romania and Hungary .

neg: Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301) The Kingdom of Hungary came into existence in Central Europe when Stephen I , Grand Prince of the Hungarians , was crowned king in 1000 or 1001 . He reinforced central authority and forced his subjects to accept Christianity . Although written sources emphasize the role played by German and Italian knights and clerics in the process , a significant part of the Hungarian vocabulary for agriculture , religion and state was taken from Slavic languages . Civil wars and pagan uprisings , along with attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors to expand their authority over Hungary , jeopardized the new monarchy . The monarchy stabilized during the reigns of Ladislaus I ( 1077 -- 1095 ) and Coloman ( 1095 -- 1116 ) . These rulers occupied Croatia and Dalmatia with the support of a part of the local population . Both realms retained their autonomous position . The successors of Ladislaus and Coloman -- especially Béla II ( 1131 -- 1141 ) , Béla III ( 1176 -- 1196 ) , Andrew II ( 1205 -- 1235 ) , and Béla IV ( 1235 -- 1270 ) -- continued this policy of expansion towards the Balkan Peninsula and the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains , transforming their kingdom into one of the major powers of medieval Europe .   Rich in uncultivated lands , silver , gold , and salt deposits , Hungary became the preferred destination of mainly German , Italian and French colonists . These immigrants were mostly peasants who settled in villages , but craftsmen and merchants also came . Their arrival had a key role in the shaping of an urban lifestyle , habits and culture in medieval Hungary . The location of the kingdom at the crossroads of international trade routes favored the coexistence of several cultures . Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance buildings and literary works written in Latin prove the predominantly Roman Catholic character of the culture , but Orthodox , and even non-Christian ethnic minority communities also existed . Latin was the language of legislation , administration and judiciary , but `` linguistic pluralism '' contributed to the survival of many tongues , including a great variety of Slavic dialects .   The predominance of royal estates initially assured the sovereign 's preeminent position , but the alienation of royal lands gave rise to the emergence of a self-conscious group of lesser landholders , known as `` royal servants '' . They forced Andrew II to issue his Golden Bull of 1222 , `` one of first examples of constitutional limits being placed on the powers of a European monarch '' ( Francis Fukuyama ) . The kingdom received a major blow from the Mongol invasion of 1241 -- 42 . Thereafter , Cuman and Jassic groups settled in the central lowlands , and colonists arrived from Moravia , Poland and other nearby countries . The erection of fortresses by landlords , promoted by the monarchs after the withdrawal of the Mongols , led to the development of semi-autonomous `` provinces '' dominated by powerful magnates . Some of these magnates even challenged the authority of Andrew III ( 1290 -- 1301 ) , the last male descendant of the native Árpád dynasty . His death was followed by a period of interregnum and anarchy . Central power was re-established only in the early 1320s .

neg: History of the Hungarian language Hungarian is a Uralic language of the Ugric group . It has been spoken in the region of modern-day Hungary since the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in the late 9th century .   The predecessor language of Hungarian separated from the Ob-Ugric languages , probably still during the Bronze Age . There is no attestation for a period of close to two millennia . Old Hungarian is attested fragmentarily in epigraphy in the Old Hungarian script beginning in the 10th century , and isolated Hungarian words are attested in manuscript tradition from the turn of the 11th century . The oldest surviving coherent text in Old Hungarian is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer , dated to 1192 .   The Old Hungarian period is by convention taken to cover Medieval Hungary , from the invasion of Pannonia in AD 896 , to the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary following the Battle of Mohács of 1526 . A Middle Hungarian phase is by convention taken to last from 1526 to 1772 , i.e. from the first books printed in Hungarian to the Age of Enlightenment , which prompted language reforms that resulted in the modern literary Hungarian language .   Historic proceedings  The happenings of the 1530s and 1540s brought a new situation to the country : the time of Humanism -- which only a few decades earlier , under Matthias of Hungary flourished -- was over ; the population , both in villages and towns , was terrorized by Ottoman raids ; the majority of the country was lost ; and the remainder began to feel the problems of the new Habsburg rule . This predicament caused backwardness in the cultural life as well .   However , Hungary , with the previously listed great territorial and human losses , soon entered into a new cultural era , the Protestant Reformation . This religious movement heartened many authors to find new ways . Cultural life was primarily based in Trasylvania , but Royal Hungary also saw the rebirth of the Hungarian culture .   The first printed Hungarian book was printed in Cracow , Poland , in 1533 . It is a partial Bible-translation , containing the letters of Saint Paul . The translation was done by Benedek Komjáti . The New Testament 's first printed edition was published by János Sylvester ( 1541 ) . He also composed the first scientific analysis of the Hungarian language , in 1539 -- his work 's title is `` Grammatica Hungarolatina '' . Like Komjáti , Sylvester printed his works in Cracow .   The previous publications , however , were not Protestant in their sense ; the first directly reformed Hungarian book was Imre Ozorai 's `` Argument '' , published in Cracow first in 1535 and second in 1546 .   Among other works , Aesop 's Fables -- a collection of moral short stories -- were first translated into Hungarian by Gábor Pesti -LSB- 1 -RSB- ( 1536 ) . These are the first denoted Hungarian short stories . The first attempt to standardize Hungarian was done by Mátyás Bíró Dévai . He proposed a logical and feasible orthography to the language . His book , called `` Orthographia '' , is known from its second edition , printed in 1549 .   Bálint Balassa

neg: Slovak Central Mountains The Slovak Central Mountains ( Slovenské stredohorie ) are a group of mountain ranges in southern central Slovakia . The town of Zvolen lies roughly in the centre of the mountains .   The Slovak Central Mountains are a part of the Inner Western Carpathians . They are bordered by the Fatra-Tatra Area to the northwest and north , Slovak Ore Mountains ( Slovenské rudohorie ) to the east , Southern Slovak Basin ( Juhoslovenská kotlina ) to the south and by the Pannonian Plain to the southwest .   The Slovak Central Mountains are divided into the following subdivisions :   Vtacnik Mountains  Pohronský Inovec  Štiavnica Mountains  Kremnica Mountains  Poľana  Ostrôžky  Javorie  Krupina Plain  Zvolen Basin  Pliešovce Basin ( Pliešovská kotlina )  Žiar Basin   The highest mountain is Poľana at 1,458 m.

neg: Albania–Hungary relations Albania -- Hungary relations refer to the current and historical relations of Albania and Hungary . Albania has an embassy in Budapest and Hungary has an embassy , and a consular office in Tirana and a honorary consulate in Shkodër . The history of diplomatic relations of Albania and Hungary dates back to 1912 , when Albania declared its independence in November 28 , 1912 .   The countries are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation . As a European Union ( EU ) member , Hungary supports Albania in its euro-integration path .

neg: Csongrád County This article is about the county . For the town see Csongrád . For the historical comitatus see Csongrád County ( former ) .   Csongrád ( -LSB- ˈt͡ʃonɡraːd -RSB- ) is the name of an administrative county ( comitatus or megye ) in southern Hungary , on the both sides of the river Tisza , on the border with Serbia and Romania . It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Bács-Kiskun , Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok and Békés . The administrative centre of Csongrád county is Szeged . The county is also part of the Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisa euroregion .

neg: Írott-kő Írott-kő -LSB- iːrot.tkøː -RSB- ( , -LSB- ɡəˈʃʀiːbn̩ˌʃtaɪ̯n -RSB- ) is the highest mountain of the Kőszeg Mountains range , located on the border between Austria and Hungary . Its height is 884 m according to Austrian sources , whereas Hungarian references mostly mention 883 m . It is the highest mountain of Western Hungary ( Transdanubia ) and of Burgenland .   Its former names were Fenyőhegy and Szálkő . Its present name ( Írottkő in Hungarian , Geschriebenstein in German ) can be translated as written stone and is assumably derived from border stones with inscriptions between the properties of the Batthyány and Esterházy families . On the summit , there is an observation tower built in 1913 . This stands exactly on the border between Austria and Hungary .   Since December 2007 the Austrian -- Hungarian border can be crossed without formalities , because Hungary has joined the Schengen Agreement .   Closest towns on the Austrian side are Rechnitz and Lockenhaus . On the Hungarian side the closest municipality is Velem and the closest town is Kőszeg .

neg: Hydrology of Hungary The hydrology of Hungary is mostly determined by Hungary 's lying in the middle of the Carpathian Basin , half surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains . All parts of the country have some outflow . All surface water gravitates towards its southern centre , and from there , is united in the Danube , which flows into the Black Sea . The whole of Hungary lies within the Danube drainage basin .   The total length of all the irrigation systems and inland waterways in the country is about 26000 km .   The annual water balance of the country shows a surplus . Yearly about 100 km3 of water leaves the country towards the Black Sea . From that , precipitation amounts for only 10 % , the rest being provided by the incoming rivers of surrounding countries .

neg: Körmendy Körmendy in the Hungarian language , due to its form and implied meaning , is understood to be a family name . Literally it means : a person or family of or originating or associated with the place called Körmend , now one of the smaller townships in Western Hungary , near the Austrian border .   It is evident in some public records that the same family name may have been spelled `` Körmendi '' as compared to `` Körmendy '' . It is generally understood in the Hungarian tradition that the use of the form `` Körmendy '' is an entitlement of some sort due to the formerly official title of nobility , received as granted in a traditional European meaning and process . The `` Körmendi '' name , form or usage , may mean in some cases , simply a spelling variation due to whatever reasons , but in some other cases `` Körmendi '' may be just an adopted name , not entitled to the `` Körmendy '' form of spelling .   There seem to exist many people in the world with these family names , however to this writer at this point it may be highly speculative to guess how many of these may be related at any distance , or whether there are one or more greater families covered by all these names . On the other hand , as an example , this writer has information of a document and public record granting the nobility title to a `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants ( and the same to a companion by a different name ) by `` King Ferdinánd I '' of Hungary , in the year 1549 . This above cited record also refers to an official transcript of another record of the same subject , originating in `` Szentmarja '' of Bács Vármegye , formerly part of the Hungarian Kingdom , ( now called Szabadka in Hungarian , and is now part of modern Serbia ) . This later transcript was sent to the Hungarian National Museum and is deposited under `` Aldányi Antal , LXI 1549 január 5 . ''   The above cited granting of nobility to said `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants is due to , according to the contents of the cited document ( s ) , a certain incident of his heroic behavior during the Hungarian defensive wars against the Turkish invaders . The said heroic act occurred in a battle at the Hungarian town Győr , rescuing some Christians from the Turks . Along with the title of nobility this `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants were granted the right to use a certain coat of arms , described in detail within the above said letter of grant of nobility ( nemeslevél in Hungarian ) .   These records at least provide a glimpse into the background and history connected with the name ( s ) Körmendy .

neg: Taxation in Hungary Taxation in Hungary is levied by both federal and local governments . Tax revenue in Hungary stood at 39.3 % of GDP . The most important revenue sources include the income tax , Social security , corporate tax and the value added tax , which are all applied on the federal level . Among the total tax income the ratio of local taxes is solely 5 % while the EU average is 30 % .   Income tax in Hungary is levied at a flat rate of 15 % . A tax allowance is given through a family allowance ( családi adókedvezmény ) , which is equal to the allowance multiplied by the number of `` beneficiary dependent children '' . For the first children the allowance is HUF 66,670 , while the second dependent children the allowance is HUF 100,000 , in case of 3 or more children the allowance is HUF 220,000 per beneficiary dependent child . The amount of tax allowance can be split between spouses or life partners .   The rate of value added tax in Hungary is 27 % as standard rate , the highest in Europe , since 1 of January , 2012 . There is a reduced rate of 5 percent for the sale of most medicines and some food products . A reduced rate of 18 percent is applicable to internet connections , restaurants and catering , dairy and bakery products and hotel services and admission to short-term open-air events .   From January 2017 , under the new Corporate income tax regime , the corporate tax in Hungary is unified at a tax rate of 9 % -- the lowest within the European Union . Dividends received are not subject to taxation , provided that are not received from a Controlled Foreign Company ( CFC ) , capital gains are included in corporate tax , with certain exemptions .   Employment income is subject to social security contributions , for the employer at a flat rate of 22 % Further more employers pay 1.5 % into a training fund . Capital gains is taxed at a flat rate of 15 %

neg: Rail transport in Slovakia Rail transport in Slovakia began on 21 September 1840 , with the opening of the first horse-powered line from Bratislava to Svätý Jur ( at that time in Kingdom of Hungary ) . The first steam-powered line , from Bratislava to Vienna , opened on 20 August 1848 .   The modern Železnice Slovenskej republiky company was established in 1993 as a successor of the Československé státní drahy in Slovakia . Until 1996 it had formal monopoly on railroad transportation in the country , which remained a de facto monopoly until the advent of private operators entering the network in the early 2010s . Private passenger service operators include RegioJet , which operate trains between Prague ( Czech Republic ) and Košice , Žilina and Košice , Žilina and Bratislava and on the Komárno - Dunajská Streda - Bratislava route . There are plans to win more tenders in Slovakia .   Since 2002 a law divided the company : ŽSR was left with infrastructure maintenance and passenger and cargo transport was moved into company '' Železničná spoločnosť , a. s. '' ( ZSSK ) . In 2005 this new company was further split into '' Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko , a. s. '' ( ZSSK ) providing Passenger transport services and '' Železničná spoločnosť Cargo Slovakia , a. s. '' ( ZSSK Cargo ) providing cargo services . Freight transport is operated by ZSCS and around 30 private companies .   Slovakia is a member of the International Union of Railways ( UIC ) . The UIC Country Code for Slovakia is 56 .

neg: Győr County Győr county ( in Hungarian : Győr ( vár ) megye ) was an administrative county ( comitatus ) of the Kingdom of Hungary , it 's territory covered present-day north-western Hungary ( 95 % ) and south-western Slovakia ( about 5 % ) , mostly on the right ( south ) side of the Danube river . The capital of the county was the city of Győr .

neg: Denmark–Slovakia relations Denmark -- Slovakia relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Slovakia . Denmark has an embassy in Bratislava . Slovakia has an embassy in Copenhagen . The relations between Denmark and Slovakia are described as good and friendly . Denmark has a trade office in Slovakia . Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO . On 4 September 2002 , a Memorandum Of Understanding between the two countries , were signed .

neg: Esztergom Esztergom ( -LSB- ˈɛstɛrɡom -RSB- , Gran , Ostrihom , known by alternative names ) , is a city in northern Hungary , 46 km northwest of the capital Budapest . It lies in Komárom-Esztergom county , on the right bank of the river Danube , which forms the border with Slovakia there .   Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda .   Esztergom is the seat of the prímás ( see Primate ) of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary , and the former seat of the Constitutional Court of Hungary .  The city has the Keresztény Múzeum , the largest ecclesiastical collection in Hungary .  Its cathedral , Esztergom Basilica is the largest church in Hungary .

neg: Danubian Flat The Danubian Flat ( Slovak : Podunajská rovina , German : Donauebene ) , also translated as Danubian Plain , is the south-western , more flat , part of the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia .   The border with the Danubian Hills runs approx . along the line Bratislava -- Senec -- Sereď -- Nové Zámky -- Patince .   It has been formed by the arms of the Danube ( Little Danube and others ) and by the southern Váh , Nitra and Žitava rivers . It is filled with huge layers of gravel from the Danube and other rivers of the area . These Danubian gravels are covered with loess and other very fertile soils .   The Danube forms here a unique continental delta system of meanders and dead arms . The area between one of those arms called Little Danube and the Danube is known as the Žitný ostrov , the biggest river island in Europe . The Žitný ostrov is an area with marsh depressions , natural lakes and artificial lakes . The drainage system of the southern area was ( deliberately ) significantly changed by the construction of the Gabčíkovo Dam on the Danube . The Žitný ostrov has been a `` Protected Water Management Area '' since 1978 .   The area is rich in forest glades , water and marsh fauna and flora . It has rich subterranean water reservoirs . Those in Žitný ostrov are among the largest in Central Europe . Warm springs can be found in Komárno , Štúrovo and Patince .   The area has the warmest and driest climate in Slovakia . This , and the fact that it has fertile soils , make it the ideal place for agriculture . Wheat , sugar beets , sweet corn , vegetables and tobacco are grown here . Fruit and vine growing are also important .   The most important towns of the area are the Slovak capital Bratislava ( the Danube Flat begins in below Bratislava Castle in central Bratislava ) , Galanta , Sereď , Dunajská Streda , Komárno , and Nové Zámky .   The area features many small-scale protected areas , such as Ostov Kopáč in Bratislava or the Vlčianske mŕtve rameno , Čičovské mŕtve rameno . Protected marshes are for example the unique Šúr area in Svätý Jur . The area of Zlatná na Ostrove provides an extensive habitat for great bustards .   Excellent opportunities for summer recreation are provided by the lakes Zlaté piesky in Bratislava and the lakes Slnečné jazerá in Senec , or by thermal swimming pools in Dunajská Streda , Veľký Meder and Diakovce .   Category : Landforms of Slovakia  Category : Plains of Slovakia  Category : River deltas of Europe

neg: Komárno Komárno ( Komárom , colloquially Révkomárom , Öregkomárom , Észak-Komárom , Komorn , Komoran / Коморан ) is a town in Slovakia at the confluence of the Danube and the Váh rivers . Komárno was formed from part of a historical town in Hungary situated on both banks of the Danube . Following World War I and the Treaty of Trianon , the border of the newly created Czechoslovakia cut the historical , unified town in half , creating two new towns . The smaller part , based on the former suburb of Újszőny , is in present-day Hungary as Komárom ( the historical Hungarian town had the same name ) . Komárno and Komárom are connected by the Elisabeth Bridge , which used to be a border crossing between Slovakia and Hungary until border checks were lifted due to the Schengen Area rules .   Komárno is Slovakia 's principal port on the Danube . It is also the center of the Hungarian community in Slovakia , which makes up roughly 60 % of the town 's population . The town is the historic seat of the Serbian national minority in Slovakia .

neg: Great Moravia Great Moravia ( regnum Marahensium , Μεγάλη Μοραβία -- megale Moravia , Velká Morava , Veľká Morava , Wielka Morawia ) , the Great Moravian Empire , ( historiographical terms -- original formal name is unknown ) or simply Moravia , was the first major state that was predominantly Slavonic to emerge in the area of Central Europe . Its core territories were located on the Morava river which gave its name to the kingdom . `` Morava '' in both Czech and Slovak refers to both the river and the land of Moravia - the medieval Margraviate of Moravia , which is now the eastern part of the Czech Republic . The river Morava flows south through the whole of Moravia , later forming the present-day border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia before finally becoming the border between Slovakia and Austria ( where it is called the March in German ) . The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language . After the fall of Great Moravia , its core territory was gradually divided between the newly ascending Czech Kingdom ( Bohemia ) and Hungarian Kingdom : the frontier was originally settled on the Morava river ( the Czech Kingdom to its west , and Hungary - present-day Slovakia - to its east ) . However , from the 12th century , the Czech kings managed to gain more and more of the region on the eastern bank - eventually gaining the whole stretch of the eastern territory from Uherské Hradiště down to Strážnice , and this region retained its non-Czech identity in its designation `` Slovácko '' as an alternative dialectal for `` Slovakia '' . After this , the Czech-Hungarian border shifted east to the White Carpathians . The core region of Great Moravia along the Morava river , thus divided between the present-day Moravia and Slovakia , has retained a unique culture in the rich folklore tradition both on the western bank of the Morava ( including the southern Záluží region ) and the eastern bank - the Slovácko ( in Moravia ) and Záhorie ( in Slovakia ) . Záhorie also boasts the only surviving building from Great Moravian times - the chapel at Kopčany just across the Morava from the archaeological site of Mikulčice . The core of Great Moravia was established , according to legend , in the early 830s , when Prince Mojmír I ( -LSB- moimi : r -RSB- ) crossed the Morava and conquered the principality of Nitra ( present-day western Slovakia ) . The former principality of Nitra was used as the údelné kniežatsvo , or the territory given to , and ruled by , the successor to the throne , traditionally the nephew ( sister 's son ) of the ruling kъnendzь or Prince .   The extent and location of Great Moravia are a subject of debate . Rival theories place the center of it either south of the river Danube ( the river Morava in Serbia ) or on the Great Hungarian Plain . The exact date when the Moravian state was founded is also disputed , but it probably occurred in the early 830s under Prince Mojmír I , ( r. 820s/830s -- 846 ) , who is the first known ruler of the united Moravia . Mojmír and his successor , Rastislav ( `` Rostislav '' in Czech ) , who ruled from 846 to 870 , initially acknowledged the suzerainty of the Carolingian monarchs , but the Moravian fight for independence caused a series of armed conflicts with East Francia beginning in the 840s .   Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under Svätopluk I , ( Svatopluk in Czech ) , who ruled from 870 to 894 , and who was occasionally styled as king in contemporaneous sources . Although the borders of his empire can not be exactly determined , he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighbouring regions , including Bohemia , most of Slovakia and parts of Slovenia , Hungary , Poland and Ukraine , for some periods of his reign . Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svätopluk 's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia , which was overrun by the Hungarians . The exact date of Moravia 's collapse is unknown , but it occurred between 902 and 907 .   Moravia experienced significant cultural development under Prince Rastislav , with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius . Rastislav had asked the Byzantine emperor to send a `` teacher '' ( učitelja ) to introduce literacy and a legal system ( pravьda ) to Great Moravia . The brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing ( the Glagolitic alphabet ) and Slavonic liturgy , the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II . The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of holy scripts and his original literary creation was based on the Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki . The language , termed Old Church Slavonic , was the direct ancestral language for Bulgarian , and therefore also referred to as Old Bulgarian . Old Church Slavonic , therefore , differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia .   Later , the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Svätopluk I. Arriving in the First Bulgarian Empire , the disciples continued the Cyrilo-Methodian mission and the Glagolitic script was superseded by Cyrillic . The Cyrillic script and translations of the liturgy were disseminated to other Slavic countries , particularly in the Balkans and Kievan Rus ' , charting a new path in these Slavic nations ´ cultural development .


query: Helena Bonham Carter was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.

pos: Helena Bonham Carter Helena Bonham Carter , ( born 26 May 1966 ) is an English actress . She is known for her roles in low-budget arthouse and independent films to large-scale Hollywood productions . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove ( 1997 ) . For her role as Queen Elizabeth in The King 's Speech ( 2010 ) , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role . She also won the 2010 International Emmy Award for Best Actress for her role as British author Enid Blyton in the TV film Enid ( 2009 ) .   Bonham Carter began her film career playing the title character in Lady Jane ( 1986 ) , and playing Lucy Honeychurch in A Room with a View ( 1986 ) . Her other film roles include Ophelia in Hamlet ( 1990 ) , Where Angels Fear to Tread ( 1991 ) , Howards End ( 1992 ) , Elizabeth Lavenza in Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ( 1994 ) , Woody Allen 's Mighty Aphrodite ( 1995 ) , Fight Club ( 1999 ) , Bellatrix Lestrange in the Harry Potter series ( 2007 -- 11 ) , Terminator Salvation ( 2009 ) , Miss Havisham in Great Expectations ( 2012 ) , Madame Thénardier in Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , and The Fairy Godmother in Cinderella ( 2015 ) . She has frequently collaborated with director Tim Burton ; in Planet of the Apes ( 2001 ) , Big Fish ( 2003 ) , Corpse Bride ( 2005 ) , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 2005 ) , Mrs. Lovett in Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) , Dark Shadows ( 2012 ) , and playing the Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) and its sequel Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) . Her other television films include A Pattern of Roses ( 1983 ) , Fatal Deception : Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald ( 1993 ) , Live from Baghdad ( 2002 ) , Toast ( 2010 ) , and Burton & Taylor ( 2013 ) .   She was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 2012 New Year Honours list for services to drama , and in January 2014 , the British prime minister , David Cameron , announced that Bonham Carter had been appointed to Britain 's new national Holocaust Commission .

neg: List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way .   As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .

neg: National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics .   This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way .   Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .

neg: Mary Badham Mary Badham ( born October 7 , 1952 ) is an American actress , known for her portrayal of Jean Louise `` Scout '' Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . At the time , Badham ( aged 10 ) was the youngest actress ever nominated in this category .

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .   The award was first given in 1977 but in the years following was often given as a singular award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role .

neg: Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 .   Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) .   A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .

neg: British Independent Film Awards 2012 The 15th British Independent Film Awards , held on 9 December 2012 at the Old Billingsgate Market in central London , honoured the best British independent films of 2012 .

neg: Charles Bickford Charles Ambrose Bickford ( January 1 , 1891 -- November 9 , 1967 ) was an American actor best known for his strong supporting roles . He was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , for The Song of Bernadette ( 1943 ) , The Farmer 's Daughter ( 1947 ) , and Johnny Belinda ( 1948 ) . Other notable roles include Whirlpool ( 1948 ) , A Star is Born ( 1954 ) and The Big Country ( 1958 ) .

neg: Mary and Martha (film) Mary and Martha is a 2013 British-American television film starring Hilary Swank and Brenda Blethyn , and directed by Phillip Noyce . Based on a screenplay by Richard Curtis , it was produced by Working Title Television , in association with the BBC and NBCUniversal . The film had its UK premiere on March 1 , 2013 on the BBC and premiered in the US on HBO on April 20 , 2013 . based on a true story .

neg: The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title .   The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel .   The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .

neg: 52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis .   Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .

neg: AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role .   It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) .   Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .

neg: 78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams .   Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .

neg: Helen Hayes Helen Hayes MacArthur ( née Brown ; October 10 , 1900 -- March 17 , 1993 ) was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years . She eventually garnered the nickname `` First Lady of American Theatre '' and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy , a Grammy , an Oscar and a Tony Award ( an EGOT ) . Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom , America 's highest civilian honor , from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986 .   In 1988 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts . The annual Helen Hayes Awards , which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington , DC , since 1984 , are her namesake . In 1955 , the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York City 's Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre . When that venue was torn down in 1982 , the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor . Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre .

neg: 15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony .   Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations .   Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' .   Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since .   A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .

neg: List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations .   The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 .   On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner .   Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .

neg: Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation .   Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress .   In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama .   Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .

neg: Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) .   In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) .   Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .

neg: National Board of Review: Top Ten Films The following is a list of the Top 10 Films chosen annually by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures , beginning in 1929 . From 1968 till 2005 , 29 times the NBR chose the film that would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture as Best Film . Twelve of these times , the film selected was number one on the NBR 's list for that year .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .


query: Karan Johar was the winner of the Filmfare Award for Best Director.

pos: Karan Johar Karan Johar ( born 25 May 1972 ) , often informally referred to as KJo , is an Indian film director , producer , screenwriter , costume designer , actor and television personality who is primarily known for his work in Hindi films . He is the son of Hiroo Johar and the acclaimed producer Yash Johar .   Johar made his directorial debut with the blockbuster romance Kuch Kuch Hota Hai ( 1998 ) , which earned him the Filmfare Awards for Best Director and Best Screenplay . His next two films were the ensemble dramas Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham ... ( 2001 ) and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna ( 2006 ) , which were both very successful in the overseas market . His counter-terrorism drama My Name Is Khan ( 2010 ) earned him his second Filmfare Award for Best Director . These , along with the several successful films he has produced under the Dharma Productions banner , have established him as one of the leading director-producers in Hindi cinema .

neg: List of accolades received by Aadukalam Aadukalam ( Arena ) is a 2011 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Vetrimaaran and produced by S. Kathiresan . Vetrimaaran co-wrote the dialogues with Vikram Sugumaran . The film stars Dhanush and Taapsee Pannu in the lead roles with Kishore , V. I. S. Jayapalan , Naren , and Murugadoss playing supporting roles . The musical score was composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar while the cinematography and editing were respectively handled by Velraj and Kishore Te . The film 's story revolves around Karuppu who is the understudy of an experienced cockfighter , Pettaikaran . When Karuppu wins in a cockfight against Pettaikaran 's rival Rathnasamy , Pettaikaran , who is initially happy , becomes jealous of Karuppu 's newfound popularity and plots his downfall . The film was dubbed into Telugu as Pandem Kollu .   Produced on a budget of 150-200 million , Aadukalam was released on 14 January 2011 and grossed 300 million according to a February 2011 report by The Economic Times . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its direction , screenplay , Dhanush 's performance , music , cinematography , and editing . As of 2017 , the film has won 33 awards from 52 nominations .   Aadukalam won six awards at the 58th National Film Awards ceremony , thereby sharing the record with Kannathil Muthamittal ( 2002 ) for the most number of National Film Awards won by a Tamil film . It won awards under the Best Direction ( Vetrimaaran ) , Best Actor ( Dhanush ) , Best Screenplay ( Original ) ( Vetrimaaran ) , Best Editing ( Kishore Te ) and Best Choreography ( Dinesh Kumar ) categories with a Special Jury Award being presented to V. I. S Jayapalan . The film was nominated in seven categories at the 59th Filmfare Awards South , winning Best Film -- Tamil ( S. Kathiresan ) , Best Director -- Tamil , Best Actor -- Tamil , Best Music Director -- Tamil ( G. V. Prakash Kumar ) , and Best Cinematographer ( Velraj ) . At the 6th Vijay Awards , it was nominated in twenty-two categories and won in five , including Entertainer of the Year , Best Director and Best Music Director . Among other wins , the film received seven Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards , four South Indian International Movie Awards , three Mirchi Music Awards , and one Norway Tamil Film Festival Award , Chennai International Film Festival Award , and Chennai Times Film Award each .

neg: Karan Raj Kanwar Karan Raj Kanwar is an Indian film producer . He is the son of Raj Kanwar and Anita Kanwar . He is the current head of the production company Inderjit Films Combine .  Karan Raj Kanwar is recognized as the youngest film producer in India .

neg: Filmfare Award for Best Background Score The Filmfare Best Background Score is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films .   Although the awards started in 1954 , the Best Background Score category was not introduced until 1998 .

neg: 4th IIFA Awards The 2003 IIFA Awards , officially known as the 4th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2002 and took place on May 17 , 2003 .   The official ceremony took place on April 6 , 2002 , at the Coca-Cola Dome , in Johannesburg . During the ceremony , IIFA Awards were awarded in 29 competitive categories .   In 2003 , IIFA returned to South Africa . This time , the sun-kissed shores of Johannesburg was the destination .   For the IIFA Forum , Ramesh Sippy , Smita Thackeray , Kunal Dasgupta , Shyam Shroff and Harish Dayani sat together with moderator Vir Sanghvi and discussed piracy and explored new revenue streams for the industry .   The first-ever IIFA Foundation Charity Celebrity Cricket Match was organized at the Centurion Grounds . It was supported by the entire IIFA contingent , consisting of Indian and South African film stars , celebrities , cricketers , government leaders , IIFA 's South African partners and Indian and South African fans .   The IIFA Awards ceremony shone bright at the Dome at Northgate . The evening was a stunning showcase of talent and Indian charisma . Hosts Anil Kapoor and Dia Mirza swept the audience with charm . Las Ketchup , Saif Ali Khan , Rani Mukherjee , Shilpa Shetty , Akshay Kumar , Salman Khan and Ajay Jadeja set a scorching pace with their electrifying performances . With the light of a million stars shining down upon it , this edition of the IIFA Awards 2003 closed .

neg: List of accolades received by Enthiran Enthiran ( Robot ) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language science fiction film directed by S. Shankar and produced by Kalanithi Maran . Shankar wrote the screenplay and co-wrote the dialogues with Sujatha Rangarajan and Madhan Karky . The film stars Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai in the lead roles with Danny Denzongpa , Santhanam , and Karunas playing supporting roles . The musical score was composed by A. R. Rahman while the cinematography , visual effects , editing , and art direction were handled by R. Rathnavelu , V. Srinivas Mohan , Anthony , and Sabu Cyril respectively . The film 's story revolves around a scientist 's struggle to control his creation , an android robot whose software is upgraded to give it the ability to comprehend and generate human emotions . The plan backfires when the robot falls in love with the scientist 's fiancée and is further manipulated by a rival scientist to bring destruction to all who stand in its way . The film was dubbed into Hindi as Robot .   Produced on an estimated budget of 1.32 billion , Enthiran was released on 1 October 2010 and yielded a revenue of 1.79 billion according to a report by the Sun TV Network . The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories , with particular praise for its cinematography , visual effects , art direction , costume design , and Rajinikanth 's performance . As of 2017 , the film has won 24 awards from 37 nominations .   At the 58th National Film Awards ceremony , Enthiran won two awards for Best Special Effects ( Mohan ) and Best Production Design ( Cyril ) . The film was nominated in nine categories at the 58th Filmfare Awards South , winning Best Cinematographer ( Rathnavelu ) , Best Art Director ( Cyril ) , and Best Costume Design ( Manish Malhotra ) . At the 5th Vijay Awards , the film was nominated in fourteen categories and won in seven , including Best Villain and Favourite Hero ( Rajinikanth ) , Favourite Film ( Maran ) , and Favourite Director ( Shankar ) . Enthiran won three awards at the 12th IIFA Awards under the Best Special Effects , Best Art Direction , and Best Makeup categories . Among other wins , the film received three Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards , two Screen Awards and Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards each , one Mirchi Music Award , and a special award at the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival .

neg: Renu Saluja Renu Saluja ( Punjabi : ਰੇਣੁ ਸਲੂਜਾ , Hindi : रेणु सलुजा ) ( 5 July 1952 -- 16 August 2000 ) was an Indian film editor . In the 1980s and 1990s , she worked with both mainstream and art house Hindi cinema directors , including Govind Nihalani , Vidhu Vinod Chopra , Sudhir Mishra , Shekhar Kapoor , and Mahesh Bhatt , Vijay Singh . Her work encompassed multiple feature films , documentaries , short films , and television series .   Renu was a four-time winner of National Film Award for Best Editing for Parinda ( 1989 ) , Dharavi ( 1991 ) , Sardar ( 1993 ) and Godmother ( 1999 ) besides winning Filmfare Award for Best Editing again for Parinda ( 1989 ) and 1942 : A Love Story ( 1994 ) .

neg: Aap Ki Kasam Aap Ki Kasam ( I swear by you ) is a 1974 Hindi film produced by J. Om Prakash , which also marks his directorial debut . The film stars Rajesh Khanna , Mumtaz , Sanjeev Kumar , Rehman , Asrani and A. K. Hangal . The music is by R.D. Burman , who received the only Filmfare nomination for the film . The film was successful and was declared as hit on the box office , and it was also acclaimed by the critics . The songs from the film , including ` Jai Jai Shiv Shankar ' , ` Zindagi ke safar mein ' and ` Karvate badalate rahen ' , became very popular .   The Hindu newspaper in its review of the film quoted `` In a remarkable scene , where Rajesh Khanna , his anger simmering , confronts Mumtaz , the director , J. Om Prakash , brings out the performer in both . Mumtaz brings compelling expressions to her countenance as her initial disbelief at being doubted by her husband is transformed from anguish to fury in a flash . This remains the standout moment of the movie apart from the song `` Zindagi ke safar mein guzar jate hain jo maqaam '' .   The film is a remake of a Malayalam film , Vaazhve Mayam ( 1970 ) , directed by K S Sethumadhavan , where the ending was different . The film was later also remade in Telugu , retaining the original ending , by director Dasari Narayana Rao as Edadugula Bandham ( 1985 ) starring Mohan Babu and Jayasudha .

neg: Kaadhal Mannan Kaadhal Mannan ( King of Love ) is a 1998 Tamil romance film directed by Saran , which features Ajith Kumar and Maanu in the lead roles . The film also saw prominent music composer M. S. Viswanathan make his debut in a supporting role , whilst Vivek , Karan and Girish Karnad also played other roles . The film , which had a successful soundtrack composed by Bharathwaj , was released in March 1998 to positive reviews and became a profitable venture at the box office . Kaadhal Mannan ran for 100 days and re-established Ajith Kumar 's market after a string of failures expanding his fan base .

neg: 59th Filmfare Awards South The 59th Filmfare Awards South ceremony honouring the winners and nominees of the best of South Indian cinema in 2011 was held on 7 July 2012 at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium , Chennai , India . For this year more than 451 films from each of the four film industries were considered for nominations in various categories .

neg: Girish Karnad Girish Raghunath Karnad ( born 19 May 1938 ) is an Indian actor , film director , writer playwright and a Rhodes Scholar , who predominantly works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood . his rise as a playwright in 1960s , marked the coming of age of modern Indian playwriting in Kannada , just as Badal Sarkar did in Bengali , Vijay Tendulkar in Marathi , and Mohan Rakesh in Hindi . He is a recipient of the 1998 Jnanpith Award , the highest literary honour conferred in India .   For four decades Karnad has been composing plays , often using history and mythology to tackle contemporary issues . He has translated his plays into English and has received acclaim . His plays have been translated into some Indian languages and directed by directors like Ebrahim Alkazi , B. V. Karanth , Alyque Padamsee , Prasanna , Arvind Gaur , Satyadev Dubey , Vijaya Mehta , Shyamanand Jalan , Amal Allana and Zafer Mohiuddin . He is active in the world of Indian cinema working as an actor , director , and screenwriter , in Hindi and Kannada cinema , earning awards along the way . He was conferred Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India and won four Filmfare Awards , of which three are Filmfare Award for Best Director -- Kannada and the fourth a Filmfare Best Screenplay Award .

neg: Zee Cine Award for Best Action It is the Zee Cine Award that is given to the best Action film of the year . In 2017 , Ajay Devgn ' Shivaay won the award for best action under the action director Raj Singh Nijjar .   Category :2017 film awards  Category : Zee Cine Awards

neg: Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction The Filmfare Best Art Direction Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films .   Although the awards started in 1954 , awards for the best art direction category started only in 1956 .

neg: Dostana Dostana is a word in Hindi / Urdu meaning `` Friendship '' . It is also the title of two Bollywood movies .   Dostana ( 1980 film ) produced by Yash Johar and directed by Raj Khosla , starring Amitabh Bachchan , Shatrughan Sinha and Zeenat Aman  Dostana ( 2008 film ) produced by Karan Johar and Siddharth Anand and directed by Tarun Mansukhani , starring Abhishek Bachchan , John Abraham and Priyanka Chopra

neg: Hrithik Roshan filmography Hrithik Roshan is an Indian actor known for his work in Bollywood films . As a child , he made uncredited appearances in three films directed by his maternal grandfather , J. Om Prakash , the first of which was in Aasha ( 1980 ) . In 1986 , Roshan played the adopted son of Rajinikanth 's character in Prakash 's crime drama Bhagwaan Dada . Roshan subsequently worked as an assistant director on four films , including Khudgarz ( 1987 ) and Karan Arjun ( 1995 ) , all of which were directed by his father , Rakesh .   Roshan 's first leading role came opposite Ameesha Patel in Kaho Naa ... Pyaar Hai ( 2000 ) , a highly successful romantic drama directed by his father , for which he won two Filmfare AwardsBest Male Debut and Best Actor . In 2001 , Roshan played a supporting role in Karan Johar 's lucrative ensemble melodrama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham ... . This initial success was followed by roles in a series of critical and commercial failures , including Aap Mujhe Achche Lagne Lage ( 2002 ) and Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon ( 2003 ) , leading critics to believe that Roshan 's career was over . However , his career prospects improved in 2003 when he played the role of a mentally disabled teenager in his father 's science fiction film Koi ... Mil Gaya . The film emerged as the highest-grossing Bollywood film of that year and earned Roshan the Best Actor -- Critics and the Best Actor awards at Filmfare . His next release , the war drama Lakshya ( 2004 ) , performed poorly at the box office despite earning positive reviews .   In 2006 , Roshan starred in two top-grossing productions of the year . He portrayed the eponymous superhero in Krrish , a sequel to Koi ... Mil Gaya , and won a Best Actor award at Filmfare for playing a thief in the adventure film Dhoom 2 . Two years later , he gained a fourth Best Actor award at Filmfare for playing the Mughal emperor Akbar in Ashutosh Gowariker 's period romance Jodhaa Akbar ( 2008 ) . Roshan starred in two commercially unsuccessful films of 2010Kites and Guzaarishbut earned praise for portraying a quadriplegic magician in the latter . In 2011 , he featured as a talent judge for the television dance reality show Just Dance . Roshan also played one of the three leads alongside Farhan Akhtar and Abhay Deol in the Zoya Akhtar-directed comedy-drama Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara ( 2011 ) , following which he played Vijay Deenanath Chauhan in Agneepath ( 2012 ) , a remake of the 1990 film of the same name . In 2013 , Roshan starred in the third installment of the Krrish franchise , and the following year , he starred in Bang Bang ! , a remake of the 2010 Hollywood film Knight and Day . Agneepath , Krrish 3 , and Bang Bang ! rank among Indian cinema 's biggest earners .

neg: Amar Akbar Anthony Amar Akbar Anthony is a 1977 Indian action comedy film produced and directed by Manmohan Desai . The film , which is based on the lost and found theme , is about three brothers separated from their parents and each other in childhood , and raised in three different faiths , Hinduism , Islam and Christianity . They unite in their youth to fight a common villain . It was the biggest blockbuster of 1977 , and won several awards at 25th Filmfare Awards including Best Actor , Best Music Director and Best Editing .   The film stars three actors : Amitabh Bachchan ( as Anthony Gonsalves ) , Vinod Khanna ( as Amar Khanna ) and Rishi Kapoor ( as Akbar Allahabadi ) . Each of the heroes had an affiliation with a heroine ; these women were played by Parveen Babi , Shabana Azmi and Neetu Singh . Nirupa Roy , Pran and Jeevan played supporting roles . The music was composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal . Kishore Kumar sang for Bachchan and Mohammed Rafi sang for Kapoor . The soundtrack was one of Mukesh 's last soundtracks with Laxmikant-Pyarelal . Anand Bakshi was the lyricist .   The film about religious tolerance became a landmark in Bollywood masala films . It also had a lasting impact of the pop culture , with its catchy songs , one-liners and the character of Anthony Gonsalves played by Amitabh Bachchan . It was later remade in Tamil as Shankar Salim Simon ( 1978 ) , in Telugu as Ram Robert Rahim ( 1980 ) and in Malayalam as John Jaffer Janardhanan ( 1982 ) .

neg: Karanvir Bohra Karanvir Bohra -LSB- kəˈrəɳʋiːr boːhraː -RSB- ( born Manoj Bohra , 30 August 1982 ) is an actor , producer and designer . He has starred in the TV shows Kasautii Zindagii Kay , Dil Se Di Dua ... Saubhagyavati Bhava ? and Qubool Hai and also in the movies Kismat Konnection and Mumbai 125 KM . He participated in the reality shows Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6 , Khatron Ke Khiladi Darr Ka Blockbuster . Bohra also owns a men wear clothing line , Pegasus .

neg: Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist The Zee Cine Award Best Lyricist is chosen by the jury and the winner is announced at the actual ceremony .   The award is given in the current year but the winner is awarded for his/her work in the previous year .   The winners are listed below : -

neg: List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies .   Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan .   In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor .   Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .

neg: Saiyan Tore Karan Saiyan Tore Karan is a Bhojpuri film released in 1981 directed by Radhakant . Bhojpuri is a language of north-central and eastern India .

neg: Chori Mera Kaam Chori Mera Kaam is a 1975 Bollywood comedy film . Produced by Chander Sadanah , directed by Brij and written by K A Narayan . The film stars Ashok Kumar , Shashi Kapoor , Zeenat Aman , Deven Verma , Iftekhar and Pran . The films music is by Kalyanji Anandji . Deven Verma won the his first Filmfare Award for Best Comedian for the film .


query: All the Pretty Horses is an American western film.

pos: All the Pretty Horses (film) All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American romance western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton , and based on Cormac McCarthy 's novel of the same name . Starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz , the film was released on Christmas Day 2000 to mostly negative reviews . It grossed $ 18 million worldwide , against a $ 57 million budget .

neg: Cheyenne Rides Again Cheyenne Rides Again is a 1937 western film directed by Robert F. Hill . It stars Tom Tyler and Lon Chaney Jr. . Much as did Alfred Hitchcock in his own films , director Hill appears in a cameo as townsman `` Bartender Ed '' .

neg: Sitting Bull (film) Sitting Bull is a 1954 Eastmancolor Western film directed by Sidney Salkow and René Cardona that was filmed in Mexico in CinemaScope . In a greatly fictionalised form , it depicts the war between Sitting Bull and the American forces , leading up to the Battle of the Little Bighorn and Custer 's Last Stand . It was the first independent production to be filmed in the CinemaScope process . Featuring sympathetic portrayals of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse , The New York Times called it a `` crazy horse opera '' .

neg: Westward Ho the Wagons! Westward Ho , The Wagons ! is a 1956 live-action Disney western film , aimed at family audiences . Based on Mary Jane Carr 's novel Children of the Covered Wagon , the film was produced by Bill Walsh , directed by William Beaudine , and released to theatres on December 20 , 1956 by Buena Vista Distribution Company .   Fess Parker starred in the film , which also featured the final big-screen appearance of George Reeves . It was released on videotape March 18 , 1997 . The film was shot in Janss Conejo Ranch , California .

neg: Gun Smoke (1931 film) Gun Smoke is a 1931 American Western film directed by Edward Sloman and written by Grover Jones and William Slavens McNutt . The film stars Richard Arlen , Mary Brian , William `` Stage '' Boyd , Eugene Pallette , Charles Winninger , Louise Fazenda and Brooks Benedict . The film was released on April 11 , 1931 , by Paramount Pictures .

neg: The Country Girl (1954 film) The Country Girl is a 1954 American drama film directed by George Seaton and starring Bing Crosby , Grace Kelly , and William Holden . Adapted by George Seaton from Clifford Odets ' 1950 play of the same name , the film is about an alcoholic has-been actor struggling with the one last chance he 's been given to resurrect his career . Seaton won the Academy Award for Best Writing , Adapted Screenplay . It was entered in the 1955 Cannes Film Festival .   Kelly won the Oscar for Best Actress for the role , which previously had earned Uta Hagen her first Tony Award in the play 's original Broadway production . The role , a non-glamorous departure for Kelly , was as the alcoholic actor 's long-suffering wife .   The win was a huge surprise , as most critics and people in the press felt that Judy Garland would win for A Star Is Born . NBC even sent a camera crew to Garland 's hospital room , where she was recuperating from the birth of her son , in order to conduct a live interview with her if she won . The win by Kelly instead famously prompted Groucho Marx to send Garland a telegram stating it was `` the biggest robbery since Brinks . ''   Given the period of its production , the film is notable for its realistic , frank dialogue and honest treatments of the surreptitious side of alcoholism and post-divorce misogyny .

neg: Kansas Pacific (film) Kansas Pacific is a 1953 U.S. Cinecolor Western film released by Allied Artists Pictures and directed by Ray Nazarro . It stars Sterling Hayden and Eve Miller . The film offers a fictionalized account of the struggle to build the Kansas Pacific Railway in the 1860s just prior to the American Civil War . In the film the building of the railroad in Kansas is opposed by sympathizers of the Confederacy .   General Winfield Scott sends a Corps of Engineers captain ( Hayden ) incognito to complete the railroad in order to supply western outposts when the anticipated war starts . Opposing the railway is Confederate William Quantrill ( Reed Hadley ) , whose mission is to stop or delay the railway from being completed .   The rights to the film are currently in the public domain .

neg: The Electric Horseman The Electric Horseman is a 1979 American western adventure-romance film starring Robert Redford and Jane Fonda and directed by Sydney Pollack . The film is about a former rodeo champion who is hired by a cereal company to become its spokesperson , and then runs away on a $ 12 million electric-lit horse and costume he is given to promote it in Las Vegas .

neg: Canyon River (film) Canyon River is a 1956 Allied Artists American Western film in CinemaScope and Color by De Luxe directed by Harmon Jones . It stars George Montgomery as the head of a cattle drive .

neg: Stock horse A stock horse is a horse of a type that is well suited for working with livestock , particularly cattle . The related cow pony or cow horse is a historic phrase , still used colloquially today , referring to a particularly small agile cattle-herding horse ; the term dates to 1874 . The word `` pony '' in this context has little to do with the animal 's size . though the traditional cow pony could be as small as 700 to and less than high .   Such horses are characterized by agility , quickness , and powerful hindquarters . They are usually noted for intelligence and `` cow sense , '' having an instinctive understanding of how to respond to the movement of cattle so as to move livestock in a desired manner with minimal or no guidance from their rider . Such horses are used both as working animals on livestock ranches or stations , and are also seen in competition where horses are evaluated on their ability to work cattle .   The term may refer to any of the following :  A horse used for ranch work or for competition based on the movements of a working ranch horse , including :  campdrafting  cutting ( sport )  ranch sorting  reining  rodeo , particularly calf roping and team roping  team penning  working cow horse  An outdated term for reining or working cow horse competition .  Any breed used for ranch or cattle work in the United States , or work on cattle stations in Australia , including :  Australian Stock Horse  American Quarter Horse  American Paint Horse  Appaloosa  Banker horse  Carolina Marsh Tacky  Florida Cracker Horse  Any other breed of horse used for western riding , ranch work or for stock horse types of competition .  Any breed or type of light riding horse of a phenotype that includes a powerful build with heavily muscled hindquarters that appears suitable for work as a stock horse . This includes some representatives of a variety of breeds and crossbreeds . Among breeds with stock horse-type representatives include :  Arabian horse  Morab  Morgan horse  Mustang  Pony of the Americas  Quarab

neg: Kansas City (Oklahoma!) `` Kansas City '' is a song from the musical Oklahoma ! . The plot set-up for it is the return of cowboy Will Parker ( played in the film by Gene Nelson ) from an excursion to the city of the same name . He describes his experiences in song . The song describes the wonders of there and its entertainments ( from the viewpoint of a country bumpkin ) , all reprising with the concept that the conditions ( in 1906 ) represent the ultimate in progress , with little more expected .   For the 1955 motion picture , a few lyrics about a burlesque stripteaser had to undergo minor changes to pass film censorship . In the original Broadway musical , Will sings :   I could swear that she was padded from her shoulder to her heel .  But later in the second act , when she began to peel ,  She proved that everything she had was absolutely real !   For the film , these were changed to :   I could swear that she was padded from her shoulder to her heel .  But then she started dancing and her dancing made me feel  That every single thing she had was absolutely real !

neg: Red Stallion in the Rockies Red Stallion in the Rockies is a 1949 American Cinecolor film directed by Ralph Murphy . Mary Grant designed the film 's costumes .

neg: Stagecoach to Denver Stagecoach to Denver is a 1946 American Western ; one of Republic Pictures Red Ryder film series directed by R.G. Springsteen .

neg: Along the Rio Grande Along the Rio Grande is a 1941 Western starring Tim Holt .   The female lead was Betty Jane Rhodes .

neg: Hoot Gibson Hoot Gibson ( August 6 , 1892 -- August 23 , 1962 ) was an American rodeo champion and a pioneer cowboy film actor , director , and producer .

neg: Hills of Old Wyoming Hills of Old Wyoming is a 1937 American Western film directed by Nate Watt and written by Maurice Geraghty . The film stars William Boyd , George `` Gabby '' Hayes , Morris Ankrum , Russell Hayden , Gail Sheridan , John Beach and Clara Kimball Young . The film was released on April 16 , 1937 , by Paramount Pictures .

neg: My Little Chickadee My Little Chickadee is a 1940 American comedy-western film starring Mae West and W.C. Fields , and featuring Joseph Calleia , Ruth Donnelly , Margaret Hamilton , Donald Meek , Willard Robertson , Dick Foran , William B. Davidson , and Addison Richards . The film was released by Universal Studios . It was directed by Edward F. Cline . The original music was written by Ben Oakland ( song `` Willie of the Valley '' ) and Frank Skinner .   West reportedly wrote the original screenplay , with Fields contributing one extended scene set in a bar . Universal decided to give the stars equal screenplay credit , perhaps to avoid the appearance of favoritism , but the move incensed West , who declined to re-team with Fields afterwards . The stars spoofed themselves and the Western genre , with West providing a series of her trademark double entendres .

neg: All the Pretty Horses All the Pretty Horses may refer to :   All the Pretty Horses ( novel ) , a 1992 novel by Cormac McCarthy  All the Pretty Horses ( film ) , a 2000 film based on the novel  `` All the Pretty Little Horses '' ( also known as `` Hush-a-bye '' ) , a traditional lullaby from the Southern United States

neg: Mr. Texas (film) Mr. Texas is a 1951 American western film directed by Dick Ross , starring Redd Harper and Cindy Walker . Evangelist Billy Graham called it `` the first Christian Western '' .

neg: Cattle Queen of Montana Cattle Queen of Montana is a 1954 American Western film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Ronald Reagan . The supporting cast includes Gene Evans , Lance Fuller , Jack Elam , Chubby Johnson , and Morris Ankrum .

neg: Paint Your Wagon (film) Paint Your Wagon is a 1969 Western musical film starring Lee Marvin , Clint Eastwood , and Jean Seberg . The film was adapted by Paddy Chayefsky from the 1951 musical Paint Your Wagon by Lerner and Loewe . It is set in a mining camp in Gold Rush-era California . It was directed by Joshua Logan .