query: Respiratory disease only has one symptom.

pos: Respiratory disease Respiratory disease is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange possible in higher organisms , and includes conditions of the upper respiratory tract , trachea , bronchi , bronchioles , alveoli , pleura and pleural cavity , and the nerves and muscles of breathing . Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting , such as the common cold , to life-threatening entities like bacterial pneumonia , pulmonary embolism , acute asthma and lung cancer .   The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology . A doctor who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist , a chest medicine specialist , a respiratory medicine specialist , a respirologist or a thoracic medicine specialist .   Respiratory diseases can be classified in many different ways , including by the organ or tissue involved , by the type and pattern of associated signs and symptoms , or by the cause of the disease .

pos: Common cold Common cold , also known simply as a cold , is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose . The throat , sinuses , and voice box may also be affected . Signs and symptoms may begin less than two days following exposure . They include coughing , sore throat , runny nose , sneezing , headache , and fever . People usually recover in seven to ten days . Some symptoms may last up to three weeks . In those with other health problems , pneumonia may occasionally develop .   Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in the cause of the common cold ; the rhinoviruses are the most common . They spread through the air during close contact with infected people and indirectly through contact with objects in the environment followed by transfer to the mouth or nose . Risk factors include going to daycare , not sleeping well , and psychological stress . Symptoms are mostly due to the body 's immune response to the infection rather than to tissue destruction by the viruses themselves . People with influenza often show similar symptoms as people with a cold , though symptoms are usually more severe in the former . Influenza is less likely to result in a runny nose .   There is no vaccine for the common cold . The primary methods of prevention are hand washing ; not touching the eyes , nose or mouth with unwashed hands ; and staying away from other sick people . Some evidence supports the use of face masks . No cure for the common cold exists , but the symptoms can be treated . Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) such as ibuprofen may help with pain . Antibiotics should not be used . Evidence does not support a benefit from cough medicines .   The common cold is the most frequent infectious disease in humans . The average adult gets two to four colds a year , while the average child may get six to eight . They occur more commonly during the winter . These infections have been with humanity since ancient times .

neg: Löffler's syndrome Löffler 's syndrome or Loeffler 's syndrome is a disease in which eosinophils accumulate in the lung in response to a parasitic infection .   It was first described in 1932 by Wilhelm Löffler in cases of eosinophilic pneumonia caused by the parasites Ascaris lumbricoides , Strongyloides stercoralis and the hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus .   Although Löffler only described eosinophilic pneumonia in the context of infection , many authors give the term `` Löffler 's syndrome '' to any form of acute onset pulmonary eosinophilia no matter what the underlying cause . If the cause is unknown , it is specified and called `` simple pulmonary eosinophilia '' . Cardiac damage caused by the damaging effects of eosinophil granule proteins ( ex . major basic protein ) is known as Loeffler endocarditis and can be caused by idiopathic eosinophilia or eosinophilia in response to parasitic infection .

neg: Laryngeal papillomatosis Laryngeal papillomatosis , also known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis or glottal papillomatosis or associated with condyloma acuminata , is a rare medical condition ( 2 per 100,000 adults and 4.5 per 100,000 children ) , caused by a human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection of the throat . Laryngeal papillomatosis causes assorted tumors or papillomas to develop over a period of time . Without treatment it is potentially fatal as uncontrolled growths could obstruct the airway . Laryngeal papillomatosis is caused by HPV types 6 and 11 , in which benign tumors form on the larynx or other areas of the respiratory tract . These tumors can recur frequently , may require repetitive surgery , and may interfere with breathing . The disease can be treated with surgery and antivirals . In addition antiangiogenic therapy shows promising results .   __ TOC __

neg: Bronchodilator A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles , decreasing resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs . Bronchodilators may be endogenous ( originating naturally within the body ) , or they may be medications administered for the treatment of breathing difficulties . They are most useful in obstructive lung diseases , of which asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most common conditions . Although this remains somewhat controversial , they might be useful in bronchiolitis and Bronchiectasis . They are often prescribed but of unproven significance in restrictive lung diseases .   Bronchodilators are either short-acting or long-acting . Short-acting medications provide quick or `` rescue '' relief from acute bronchoconstriction . Long-acting bronchodilators help to control and prevent symptoms . The three types of prescription bronchodilating drugs are β2-agonists ( short - and long-acting ) , anticholinergics ( short-acting ) , and theophylline ( long-acting ) .

neg: Pertussis Pertussis ( also known as whooping cough or 100-day cough ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease . Initially , symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose , fever , and mild cough . This is then followed by weeks of severe coughing fits . Following a fit of coughing , a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in . The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks , hence the phrase `` 100-day cough '' . A person may cough so hard that they vomit , break ribs , or become very tired from the effort . Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe . The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days . Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated , but symptoms are typically milder .   Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person . People are infectious to others from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days . Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat . This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction .   Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine . Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age , with four doses to be given in the first two years of life . The vaccine becomes less effective over time , with additional doses often recommended for older children and adults . Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease . In those with the disease , antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms , but otherwise have little effect in most people . In children less than one year old and among those who are pregnant , they are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset . Antibiotics used include erythromycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Evidence to support interventions , other than antibiotics , for the cough is poor . Many children less than a year of age require hospitalization .   An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015 . Most cases occur in the developing world , and people of all ages may be affected . In 2015 , it resulted in 58,700 deaths -- down from 138,000 deaths in 1990 . Nearly 0.5 % of infected children less than one year of age die . Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century . The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906 . The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s .

neg: Zoonosis Zoonoses ( -LSB- ˌzoʊ.əˈnoʊsᵻs -RSB- , plural - -LSB- ˈnoʊsiːz -RSB- , also spelled zoönoses ; singular zoonosis ( or zoönosis ) ; from Greek : ζῷον zoon `` animal '' and νόσος nosos `` sickness '' ) are infectious diseases of animals ( usually vertebrates ) that can naturally be transmitted to humans .   Major modern diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses . HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century , though it has now evolved to a separate human-only disease . Most strains of influenza that infect humans are human diseases , although many strains of swine and bird flu are zoonoses ; these viruses occasionally recombine with human strains of the flu and can cause pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the 2009 swine flu . Taenia solium infection is one of the neglected tropical diseases with public health and veterinary concern in endemic regions . Zoonoses can be caused by a range of disease pathogens such as viruses , bacteria , fungi and parasites ; of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans , 61 % were zoonotic . Most human diseases originated in animals ; however , only diseases that routinely involve animal to human transmission , like rabies , are considered direct zoonosis .   Zoonoses have different modes of transmission . In direct zoonosis the disease is directly transmitted from animals to humans through media such as air ( influenza ) or through bites and saliva ( rabies ) . In contrast , transmission can also occur via an intermediate species ( referred to as a vector ) , which carry the disease pathogen without getting infected . When humans infect animals , it is called reverse zoonosis or anthroponosis .

neg: Retinal migraine Retinal migraine ( also known as ophthalmic migraine , and ocular migraine ) is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye . It is caused by ischaemia or vascular spasm in or behind the affected eye .   The terms `` retinal migraine '' and `` ocular migraine '' are often confused with `` visual migraine '' , which is a far-more-common symptom of vision loss , resulting from the aura phase of the common migraine . The aura phase of migraine can occur with or without a headache . Ocular or retinal migraines happen in the eye , so only affect the vision in that eye , while visual migraines occur in the brain , so affect the vision in both eyes together . Visual migraines result from cortical spreading depression and are also commonly termed scintillating scotoma .

neg: Cavitary pneumonia Cavitary pneumonia is a disease in which the normal lung architecture is replaced by a cavity . In a healthy lung , oxygen transport occurs at the level of the alveoli , each of which has an average size of 0.1 mm . These air spaces can become enlarged by a number of processes : bacterial infection ( tuberculosis ) , fungal infection , vasculitis ( granulomatosis with polyangiitis ) , collagen vascular disease ( Sjögren 's syndrome ) or granulomatous disease ( sarcoidosis ) .   Category : Pneumonia

neg: Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash .   A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly .   This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .

neg: Respiratory tract neoplasm A respiratory tract neoplasm is a tumor that affects a portion of the respiratory tract . Most occur in the thorax .   Examples of the disease include laryngeal cancer and lung cancer .

neg: Asbestosis Asbestosis is a chronic inflammatory and scarring disease affecting the tissue of the lungs . People with the condition may experience severe shortness of breath and are at an increased risk for certain cancers , including lung cancer and , less commonly , mesothelioma . Asbestosis specifically refers to fibrosis within the lung tissue from asbestos , and not scarring around the outside of the lungs .   It is caused by the breathing in and retention of asbestos fibers . It usually occurs after high intensity and/or long-term exposure to asbestos ( particularly in those individuals working on the production or end-use of products containing asbestos ) and is therefore regarded as an occupational lung disease . People with extensive occupational exposure to the mining , manufacturing , handling , or removal of asbestos are at risk of developing asbestosis .

neg: Cure A cure is the end of a medical condition ; the substance or procedure that ends the medical condition , such as a medication , a surgical operation , a change in lifestyle , or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person 's sufferings ; or the state of being healed , or cured .   A remission is a temporary end to the medical signs and symptoms of an incurable disease . A disease is said to be incurable if there is always a chance of the patient relapsing , no matter how long the patient has been in remission . An incurable disease may or may not be a terminal illness ; conversely , a curable illness can still result in the patient 's death .   The proportion of people with a disease that are cured by a given treatment , called the cure fraction or cure rate , is determined by comparing disease-free survival of treated people against a matched control group that never had the disease .   Another way of determining the cure fraction and/or `` cure time '' is by measuring when the hazard rate in a diseased group of individuals returns to the hazard rate measured in the general population .   Inherent in the idea of a cure is the permanent end to the specific instance of the disease . When a person has the common cold , and then recovers from it , the person is said to be cured , even though the person might someday catch another cold . Conversely , a person that has successfully managed a disease , such as diabetes mellitus , so that it produces no undesirable symptoms for the moment , but without actually permanently ending it , is not cured .   Related concepts , whose meaning can differ , include response , remission and recovery .

neg: Feline asthma Feline asthma is a common allergic respiratory disease in cats , affecting at least one percent of all adult cats worldwide . It is a chronic progressive disease for which there is no cure . Common symptoms include wheezing , coughing , labored breathing and potentially life-threatening bronchoconstriction . There is conjecture that the disease is becoming more common due to increased exposure to industrial pollutants .

neg: Dysphagia Dysphagia is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing . Although classified under `` symptoms and signs '' in ICD-10 , the term is sometimes used as a condition in its own right . People with dysphagia are sometimes unaware of having it .   The word is derived from the Greek dys meaning bad or disordered , and the root phag - meaning `` eat '' . It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach , a lack of pharyngeal sensation , or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism . Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia , which is defined as painful swallowing , and globus , which is the sensation of a lump in the throat . A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia ( dysfunction without pain ) , odynophagia without dysphagia ( pain without dysfunction ) , or both together . A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia .

neg: The Only One (The Cure song) `` The Only One '' is a single by the British band The Cure which was released on 13 May 2008 on Geffen Records in the United Kingdom . The single was released in the United States on 20 May 2008 . It is the first single to be released by The Cure in over three and a half years -- their last single being 2004 's `` Taking Off '' / `` alt.end '' . It is also the first single from the 2008 album , 4:13 Dream . The single was produced by Robert Smith and Keith Uddin . The song debuted live on 7 October 2007 in Mountain View , California at a festival and was also played in Mexico City the next week . During that time , the song was known as `` Please Project '' . It was n't until early on in the European tour in early 2008 was `` The Only One '' established as the title .   The B-side , `` NY Trip '' , does not appear on the new album .

neg: Bronchiolitis obliterans Bronchiolitis obliterans ( BO ) , informally known as popcorn lung , is a disease that results in obstruction of the smallest airways of the lungs ( bronchioles ) due to inflammation . Symptoms include a dry cough , shortness of breath , wheezing , and feeling tired . These symptoms generally get worse over weeks to months . It is not related to organizing pneumonia .   Causes include breathing in toxic fumes , respiratory infections , connective tissue disorder , or following a bone marrow or heart-lung transplant . Symptoms may not occur until two to eight weeks following toxic exposure or infection . The underlying mechanism involves inflammation that results in scar tissue formation . Diagnosis is by CT scan , pulmonary function tests , or lung biopsy . A chest X-ray is often normal .   While the disease is not reversible treatments can slow further worsening . This may include the use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medication . A lung transplant may be tried . Outcomes are often poor with most people dying in months to years .   Bronchiolitis obliterans is rare in the general population . It affects about 75 % of people by ten years following a lung transplant and up to 10 % of people who have received a bone marrow transplant from someone else . The condition was first clearly described in 1981 . Prior descriptions occurred as early as 1956 .

neg: List of questionable diseases This is a list of diseases and diagnoses that are considered questionable or rejected by many in the medical profession . Some are diagnosed using unvalidated or disputed diagnostic techniques such as applied kinesiology . Most purported symptoms are vague , generic , nonspecific , and generally categorised as `` symptoms of life '' .   Adrenal fatigue  Autistic enterocolitis  Chronic Lyme disease  Electromagnetic hypersensitivity  Fan death  Heavy legs  Leaky gut syndrome  Morgellons  Multiple chemical sensitivity  Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity  Oral galvanism  Wind turbine syndrome  Wilson 's temperature syndrome , also called Wilson 's thyroid syndrome . Not to be confused with Wilson 's disease .

neg: ProMED-mail Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases ( also known as ProMED-mail , abbreviated ProMED ) is among the largest publicly available emerging diseases and outbreak reporting systems in the world . The central purpose of ProMED is to promote communication amongst the international infectious disease community , including scientists , physicians , veterinarians , epidemiologists , public health professionals , and others interested in infectious diseases on a global scale . Founded in 1994 , ProMED has pioneered the concept of electronic , Internet-based emerging disease and outbreak detection reporting . In 1999 , ProMED became a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases . As of 2016 , ProMED has more than 75,000 subscribers in over 185 countries . With an average of 13 posts per day , ProMED provides users with up-to-date information concerning infectious disease outbreaks on a global scale .   ProMED 's guiding principles include :  Transparency and a commitment to the unfettered flow of outbreak information  Freedom from political constraints  Availability to all without cost  Commitment to One Health  Service to the global health community   One of the essential global health priorities is the timely recognition and reporting of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases . Early recognition can enable coordinated and rapid responses to an outbreak , preventing catastrophic morbidity and mortality . Additionally , early detection can alleviate grave economic hardship brought upon by pandemics and emerging diseases . Burgeoning globalization of commerce , finance , manufacturing , and services has fostered ever-increasing movement of people , animals , plants , food , and feed . Other contributing factors to the risk of new pathogens emerging and known pathogens re-emerging include climate change , urbanization , land use changes , and political instability . Outbreaks that begin in the most remote parts of the world now spread swiftly to urban centers in countries far away . The epidemiological data in ProMED posts has been used to estimate mortality rates and demographic parameters for specific diseases .   The severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS ) outbreak in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome ( MERS ) outbreak in 2012 demonstrated the importance of early identification for emerging disease occurrences . The initial outbreak reports in both events were posted by astute clinicians . The use of non-traditional information sources can provide prompt information to the international community on emerging infectious disease problems that have yet to be officially reported . The early dissemination of information may lead to rapid official confirmation of ongoing outbreaks . The Epicore program , launched in March 2016 , makes use of volunteers throughout the world to find and report outbreaks using non-traditional methods .

neg: Hand, foot, and mouth disease Hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) is a common infection caused by a group of viruses . It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell . This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister , on the hands , feet , and mouth , and occasionally buttocks and groin . Signs and symptoms normally appear 3 -- 6 days after exposure to the virus . The rash generally goes away on its own in about a week . Fingernail and toenail loss may occur a few weeks later and these then regrow .   The viruses that cause HFMD are spread through close personal contact , through the air from coughing , and the feces of an infected person . Contaminated objects can also spread the disease . Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause and Enterovirus 71 is the second-most common cause . Other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible . Some people may carry and pass on the virus despite having no symptoms of disease . Other animals are not involved . Diagnosis can often be made based on symptoms . Occasionally throat or stool sample may be tested for the virus .   Handwashing may prevent spread and those infected should not go to work , daycare , or school . No antiviral medication or vaccine is available , but development efforts are underway . Most cases require no specific treatment . Simple pain medication such as ibuprofen or numbing mouth gel may be used . Occasionally intravenous fluids are given to children who are unable to drink enough . Rarely viral meningitis or encephalitis may complicate the disease .   HFMD occurs in all areas of the world . It often occurs in small outbreaks in nursery schools or kindergartens . Large outbreaks have been occurring in Asia since 1997 . It usually occurs during the spring , summer , and fall months . Typically it occurs in children less than five years old , but can occasionally occur in adults . HFMD should not be confused with foot-and-mouth disease ( also known as hoof-and-mouth disease ) which mostly affects livestock .

neg: Porphyria Porphyria is a group of diseases in which substances called porphyrins build up , affecting the skin or nervous system . The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria . Symptoms of acute porphyria include abdominal pain , chest pain , vomiting , confusion , constipation , fever , and seizures . These symptoms typically come and go with attacks that last for days to weeks . Attacks may be triggered by alcohol , smoking , stress , or certain medications . If the skin is affected , blisters or itching may occur with sunlight exposure .   The disease is usually inherited from a person 's parents and is due to a mutation in one of the genes that make heme . Some types are autosomal dominant and others are autosomal recessive . One type , porphyria cutanea tarda , may also be due to increased iron in the liver , hepatitis C , alcohol , or HIV/AIDS . The underlying mechanism results in a decrease in the amount of heme produced and a build-up of substances involved in making heme . Porphyrias may also be classified by whether the liver or the bone marrow is affected . Diagnosis is typically by blood , urine , and stool tests . Genetic testing may be done to determine the specific mutation .   Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and a person 's symptoms . The treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight . The treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution . Rarely a liver transplant may be carried out .   The frequency of porphyria is unclear . It is estimated that it affects 1 to 100 per 50,000 people . Rates vary around the world . Porphyria cutanea tarda is believed to be the most common type . The disease was described at least as early as 370 BC by Hippocrates . The underlying mechanism was first described by Felix Hoppe-Seyler in 1871 . The name porphyria is from the Greek πορφύρα , porphyra , meaning `` purple '' , a reference to the color of the urine that may occur during an attack .

neg: Pulmonary aspiration Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material ( such as pharyngeal secretions , food or drink , or stomach contents ) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx ( voice box ) and lower respiratory tract ( the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea -- i.e. , windpipe -- to the lungs ) . A person may either inhale the material , or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation . When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking , the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as `` going down the wrong pipe . ''   Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all , to chemical pneumonitis or pneumonia , to death within minutes from asphyxiation . These consequences depend in part on the volume , chemical composition , particle size , presence or absence of infectious agents , and underlying health status of the person . In healthy people , aspiration of small quantities of material is common and rarely results in disease or injury . People with significant underlying disease or injury , especially hospitalized patients , are at greater risk for developing respiratory complications following pulmonary aspiration because of certain factors such as depressed level of consciousness and impaired airway defenses ( gag reflex and/or respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system ) . As the lumen of the right main bronchus is more vertical and of slightly wider diameter than that of the left , aspirated material is more likely to end up in this bronchus or one of its subsequent bifurcation .   About 3.6 million cases of pulmonary aspiration or foreign body in the airway occurred in 2013 .


query: Ice Hockey is popular in Russia.

pos: Ice hockey Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice , usually in a rink , in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent 's net to score points . The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical , with teams usually consisting of six players each : one goaltender , and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team .   Ice hockey is most popular in Canada , central and eastern Europe , Scandinavia , and the northern regions of the United States . Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada , where the modern version of the sport was created , and enjoys immense popularity ; alongside Canada , hockey is the most popular winter sport in Finland , Latvia , the Czech Republic , Sweden , Slovakia , Belarus and Switzerland . In North America , the National Hockey League ( NHL ) is the highest level for men 's hockey and the most popular . The Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe . The International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey , with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking . Worldwide , there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries .   Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and elsewhere . These games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed , such as `` shinny '' and `` ice polo '' . The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada , most notably in Montreal , where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3 , 1875 . Some characteristics of that game , such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck , have been retained to this day . Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s , and professional ice hockey originated around 1900 . The Stanley Cup , emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy , was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion and later became the championship trophy of the NHL . In the early 1900s , the Canadian rules were adopted by the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace , the precursor of the IIHF and the sport was played for the first time in the Olympics in the Olympic Games of 1920 .   In international competitions , the national teams of six countries ( the `` Big Six '' ) predominate : Canada , Czech Republic , Finland , Russia , Sweden and the United States . Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in men 's competition at the Olympics , only six medals were not awarded to one of those countries . In the annual Ice Hockey World Championships , 177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations . Teams outside the `` Big Six '' have won only five medals in either competition since 1953 : All 12 Women 's Olympic and 36 IIHF World Women 's Championships medals have been awarded to one of these six countries , and every gold medal in both competitions has been won by either the Canadian national team or the United States national team .   In Canada , the United States , and some European countries it is known simply as hockey ; the name `` ice hockey '' is used in places where `` hockey '' more often refers to field hockey , such as South America , Asia , Africa , Australasia , and some European countries . In Russia and Ukraine , where `` hockey '' can also refer to bandy , ice hockey is often called `` hockey with puck '' .

neg: Aleksandr Golikov Aleksandr Nikolayevich Golikov ( born November 26 , 1952 ) is a Russian former ice hockey player .   Golikov played in the Soviet Championship League for Khimik Voskresensk and Dynamo Moscow . He also played for the Soviet Union national ice hockey team and was a member of the 1980 Winter Olympics team in Lake Placid , winning a silver medal . He was the top Soviet goal scorer at the games , scoring a hat trick in the first game against Japan .   He often played alongside his younger brother Vladimir Golikov who also played in the 1980 Olympics for the Soviet Union .

neg: THK Tver THK ( Tverskoi Hokkeiny Klub -- Tver Hockey Club ) is a minor professional ice hockey club in Tver , Russia . It was founded in 1949 and subsequently reestablished in 2009 . The team plays in the Supreme Hockey League , the second level of Russian ice hockey .

neg: Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid Russia announced its intent to bid for the FIFA World Cup in early 2009 , and submitted its request to FIFA in time . Russia 's President Vladimir Putin has taken a keen interest in the bid and has gone so far as ordering Vitaly Mutko , the Minister of Sports , to `` prepare a bid for Russia to hold the 2018 World Cup '' . According to a report earlier submitted by Vitaly Mutko , who also served that time as President of the Russian Football Union ( RFU ) , the country is ready to spend some $ 10 billion on the tournament . The bid committee also includes RFU CEO Alexey Sorokin and Alexander Djordjadze as the Director of Bid Planning and Operations . In October 2010 , Russia formally pulled out of the race to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup . On December 2 , 2010 Russia was chosen as the host country for the 2018 FIFA World Cup .   Fourteen cities are included in the current proposal , which divides them into five different clusters : one in the north , centered on St. Petersburg , a central cluster , centered on Moscow , a southern cluster , centered on Sochi , and the Volga River cluster . Only one city beyond the Ural Mountains is cited , Yekaterinburg . The other cities are : Kaliningrad in the north cluster , Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar in the south cluster and Yaroslavl , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan , Saransk , Samara and Volgograd in the Volga River cluster . The country does not currently have a stadium with 80,000 capacity , but the bid calls for the expansion of Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow , already a UEFA Elite stadium with a capacity of slightly over 78,000 , to over 89,000 seats . Russia hopes to have five stadiums fit to host World Cup matches ready by 2013 -- two in Moscow and one stadium each in St. Petersburg , Kazan and Sochi , which hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics .   In October 2011 Russia decreased number of stadium from 16 to 14 . Construction of a proposed stadium in the Moscow region , Podolsk , was cancelled by the regional government , and Spartak Stadium is competing with Dinamo Stadium which will have been constructed first .

neg: National sport A national sport or national pastime is a sport or game that is considered to be an intrinsic part of the culture of a nation . Some sports are de facto ( not established by law ) national sports , as baseball is in the United States and cricket is in England , while others are de jure ( established by law ) national sports , as lacrosse and ice hockey are in Canada . These sports do not have to be necessarily the most played or most followed , which would be either association football , baseball or basketball in all but a few countries , but are widely considered to be important to the country or significant for its culture .

neg: 1994 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships The 1994 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships ( 1994 WJHC ) was the 18th edition of the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships and was held in Ostrava and Frydek-Mistek , Czech Republic . Canada won the gold medal for the second consecutive year , and its seventh overall , while Sweden won silver , and Russia the bronze .

neg: Scottish National League (ice hockey) The Scottish National League is a recreational ice hockey league in Scotland .   The league is seen as the third-tier of ice hockey in the UK , below the British Elite Ice Hockey League and the English Premier Ice Hockey League . However , its standard of play has been considered closer to the English National Ice Hockey Division One , consisting primarily of amateur players and `` B '' teams of clubs playing in higher leagues . Following the demise of the British National League at the end of the 2004 -- 05 season , the Fife Flyers and Dundee Stars transferred to the League , raising its profile and quality . Both these teams have since left the SNL and now compete in the Elite Ice Hockey League

neg: High school ice hockey in New York Ice hockey is a popular and growing sport in the state of New York . 151 high schools field sanctioned varsity teams competing in the New York State Public High School Athletic Association . 76 club and non-sanctioned New York High School Hockey teams compete in New York State Amateur Hockey Association .

neg: List of Soviet and Russian ice hockey champions The Russian Open Hockey Championship ( Открытый Чемпионат России по хоккею , Otkrytyy Chempionat Rossii po khokkeyu ) , also known as the Championship of Russia in ice hockey ( Чемпионат России по хоккею с шайбой , Chempionat Rossii po khokkeyu s shayboy ) , is an annual ice hockey award and national title , bestowed by the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia to the professional hockey organization judged to have the best performing team in Russia .

neg: Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games ( Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years . Unlike the Summer Olympics , the Winter Olympics feature sports practised on snow and ice . The first Winter Olympics , the 1924 Winter Olympics , was held in Chamonix , France . The original five sports ( broken into nine disciplines ) were bobsleigh , curling , ice hockey , Nordic skiing ( consisting of the disciplines military patrol , cross-country skiing , Nordic combined , and ski jumping ) , and skating ( consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating ) . The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936 , after which they were interrupted by World War II . The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years . Until 1992 , the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years , but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years , the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994 .   The Winter Games have evolved since its inception . Sports and disciplines have been added and some of them , such as Alpine skiing , luge , short track speed skating , freestyle skiing , skeleton , and snowboarding , have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic programme . Others ( such as curling and bobsleigh ) have been discontinued and later reintroduced , or have been permanently discontinued ( such as military patrol , though the modern Winter Olympic sport of biathlon is descended from it ) . Still others , such as speed skiing , bandy and skijoring , were demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports . The rise of television as a global medium for communication enhanced the profile of the Games . It created an income stream , via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising , which has become lucrative for the IOC . This allowed outside interests , such as television companies and corporate sponsors , to exert influence . The IOC has had to address several criticisms , internal scandals , the use of performance-enhancing drugs by Winter Olympians , as well as a political boycott of the Winter Olympics . Nations have used the Winter Games to showcase the claimed superiority of their political systems .   The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by eleven different countries . The Games have been held in the United States four times ( 1932 , 1960 , 1980 , 2002 ) ; in France three times ( 1924 , 1968 , 1992 ) ; and in Austria ( 1964 , 1976 ) , Canada ( 1988 , 2010 ) , Japan ( 1972 , 1998 ) , Italy ( 1956 , 2006 ) , Norway ( 1952 , 1994 ) , and Switzerland ( 1928 , 1948 ) twice . Also , the Games have been held in Germany ( 1936 ) , Yugoslavia ( 1984 ) , and Russia ( 2014 ) once . The IOC has selected Pyeongchang , South Korea , to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Beijing , China , to host the 2022 Winter Olympics . No city in the southern hemisphere has hosted or even been an applicant to host the Winter Olympics ; the major challenge preventing one hosting the games is the dependence on winter weather , and the traditional February timing of the games falls in the middle of the southern hemisphere summer .   Twelve countries -- Austria , Canada , Finland , France , Great Britain , Hungary , Italy , Norway , Poland , Sweden , Switzerland and the United States -- have sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games . Six of those -- Austria , Canada , Finland , Norway , Sweden and the United States -- have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games , and only one -- the United States -- has earned gold at each Games . Norway leads in terms of number of gold medals and overall number of medals . Germany and Japan have been banned at times from competing in the Games .

neg: Mytishchi Arena Mytishchi Arena ( Russian : Арена Мытищи , Arena Mi ` tishchi ) is a multi-purpose indoor sporting arena that is located in Mytishchi , 5 km outside of Moscow , Russia . The arena is used to host ice hockey , figure skating , basketball , volleyball , handball , tennis , badminton , futsal , artistic gymnastics , gymnastics , ice dancing , ballroom dancing , wrestling , Olympic weightlifting , boxing , concerts , festivals , exhibitions , conferences , dance evenings , circus performances , fashion shows , and other events .   The capacity of the arena is 7,000 for ice hockey , 8,000 for basketball , and 9,000 for boxing and concerts .

neg: SКА-1946 The Hockey Club SKA-1946 Saint Petersburg ( Хоккейный клуб '' СКА-1946 '' Санкт-Петербург ) , is a Russian professional ice hockey club based in Saint Petersburg . They are members of the Northern-West Division in the Junior Hockey League ( MHL ) .

neg: Ice Hockey World Championships The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual international men 's ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) . First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics , it is the sport 's highest profile annual international tournament .   The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships , the precursor to the World Championships , were first held in 1910 . The tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship . Between 1920 and 1968 , the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year .   The first World Championship that was held as an individual event was in 1930 in which twelve nations participated . In 1931 , ten teams played a series of round-robin format qualifying rounds to determine which nations participated in the medal round . Medals were awarded based on the final standings of the teams in the medal round . In 1951 , thirteen nations took part and were split into two groups . The top seven teams ( Pool A ) played for the World Championship . The other six ( Pool B ) played for ranking purposes . This basic format would be used until 1992 ( although small variations were made ) . During a congress in 1990 , the IIHF introduced a playoff system . As the IIHF grew , more teams began to participate at the World Championships , so more pools ( later renamed divisions ) were introduced .   The modern format for the World Championship features 16 teams in the championship group , 12 teams in Division I and 12 teams in Division II . If there are more than 40 teams , the rest compete in Division III . The teams in the championship play a preliminary round , then the top eight teams play in the playoff medal round and the winning team is crowned World Champion . Over the years , the tournament has gone through several rule changes . In 1969 body-checking in all three zones in a rink was allowed , helmets and goaltender masks became mandatory in the early 1970s and in 1992 the IIHF began using the shootout . The current IIHF rules differ slightly from the rules used in the NHL . The World Championships have been open to all players , both professional and amateur , since 1977 . The IIHF requires that players are citizens of the country they represent and allow players to switch national teams provided that they play in their new nation for a certain period of time .   Canada was the tournament 's first dominant team , winning the tournament 12 times between 1930 and 1952 . The United States , Czechoslovakia , Sweden , Great Britain and Switzerland were also competitive during this period . The Soviet Union first participated in 1954 and soon became rivals with Canada . From 1963 until the nation 's breakup in 1991 , the Soviet Union was the dominant team , winning 20 championships . During that period , only three other nations won medals : Canada , Czechoslovakia and Sweden . Russia first participated in 1992 and the Czech Republic and Slovakia began competing in 1993 . In the 2000s , the competition became more open as the `` Big Six '' teams -- Canada , the Czech Republic , Finland , Russia , Sweden , and the United States -- as well as Slovakia and Switzerland have became more evenly matched . As this tournament takes place during the same time period as the later stages of the NHL 's Stanley Cup playoffs , several of the league 's top players do not typically participate on an annual basis .   The 2015 World Championship was held in Prague and Ostrava , Czech Republic , and was the most successful to date in terms of overall attendance , it was visited by 741,690 people and average attendance was at 11,589 .

neg: Yuri Moiseev Yuri Ivanovich Moiseev ( July 15 , 1940 in Penza , Soviet Union -- September 25 , 2005 ) was an ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC CSKA Moscow .   He won a gold medal at the 1968 Winter Olympics , and at the 1968 World Championships . He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1968 .

neg: Igor Kravchuk Igor Aleksandrovich Kravchuk ( Игорь Александрович Кравчук born September 13 , 1966 ) is a Russian former ice hockey defenceman , who spent several seasons in the National Hockey League and also competed internationally for the USSR and Russia .

neg: Alexei Kovalev Alexei Vyacheslavovich `` Alex '' Kovalev ( Алексей Вячеславович Ковалёв , -LSB- ɐlʲɪˈksʲej vʲɪtɕɪˈslavəvʲɪtɕ kəvɐˈlʲɵf -RSB- ; born February 24 , 1973 ) is a Russian professional ice hockey right wing who is currently a free agent and is serving as sports director of Swiss second-division team EHC Visp .   During his career , he played in over 1,300 National Hockey League ( NHL ) games over 18 seasons for the Florida Panthers , Ottawa Senators , Montreal Canadiens , Pittsburgh Penguins ( during two separate periods ) and the New York Rangers ( also during two separate periods ) , with whom he was originally drafted by and won a Stanley Cup with in 1994 .   Kovalev also played in the Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) with the Atlant Moscow Oblast , and was last active with EHC Visp of Switzerland 's National League B.

neg: Ice hockey at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's qualification Qualification for the women 's tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics determined by the IIHF World Ranking following the 2012 IIHF Women 's World Championships . The top five teams in the World Ranking received automatic berths into the Olympics , Russia has received an automatic berth as host , and all other teams had an opportunity to qualify for the remaining two spots .

neg: Russian Basketball Federation Russian Basketball Federation ( Russian : Российская федерация баскетбола ) , also known as RBF , is a national governing body of basketball in Russia . It was founded in 1991 , and is the successor to the Soviet Basketball Federation .

neg: TV-pucken TV-pucken ( the TV puck ) is a Swedish national ice hockey tournament for district teams of boys under 15 years of age . It was created by hockey legend Sven `` Tumba '' Johansson .   The tournament is named `` TV-pucken '' because when it was first played in 1959 , every game was broadcast on television , but nowadays only the playoff games are shown . It is generally considered a great merit for a Swedish ice hockey player to have played in TV-pucken .   The allowed maximum age of the players was originally 16 years , but reduced to 15 in 1979 . During a meeting on Bosön in December 2002 it was decided to increase the age from 15 to 16 from the 2003 tournament , to prevent the `` early exclusion '' caused by young players giving up ice hockey .   The tournament has also given birth to the expressions of TV-pucken crowd ( TV-puckshög ) and TV-pucken joy ( TV-pucksglädje ) as the entire team throws themself onto the playing surface celebrating goals and victories .   Starting in the year 2000 Stockholm became allowed to participate with two teams. , following an idea of the Stockholm Ice Hockey Association on its own after claiming to have so many skilled young players . and this concept has also been used later . In 2012 Småland also participated with two teams ( `` red '' and `` yellow '' ) and so also in 2013 . For the 2016 tournament the Swedish Ice Hockey Association decided to set up a new team , consisting of 22 players who 'd been rejected from respective district association teams .   The 1997 edition aired over TV 3 as `` TV-cupen '' .   Several `` spinoff '' - variations were later developed , like cross-country skiing 's TV-skidan starting in 1965 , but never gaining the same popularity as TV-pucken . Even other team sports have similar tournaments , often not airing over TV , where Swedish youth district teams challenge each other .

neg: Denis Ignashin Denis Ignashin ( Денис Игнашин , born March 31 , 1988 ) is a Russian ice hockey player . He is currently playing with HC Spartak Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) .   Ignashin made his Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) debut playing with HC Spartak Moscow during the 2013 -- 14 KHL season .

neg: Box hockey Box hockey is an active hand game played between two people with sticks , a puck and a compartmented box ( typically 5 - long ) , and typically played outdoors . The object of the game is to move a hockey puck through the center dividers , of the box , out through a hole placed at each end of the box , also known as the goal . The two players face one another on either side of the box , and each attempts to move the puck to their left . If a player succeeds in getting the puck to exit the box through the goal , the player scores one point ( or goal ) . The first player to score the predetermined number of goals wins the game .


query: Providence, Rhode Island was founded by Waluigi.

pos: Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U.S. state of Rhode Island , founded in 1636 , and one of the oldest cities in the United States . It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England , after Boston and Worcester . Providence has a city population of 179,154 ; it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts . The Providence metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,604,291 , which exceeds that of Rhode Island as a whole by about 60 % . This can be considered , in turn , to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area , which contains 7.6 million people .   Providence was founded by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony . He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' , which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle . The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay .   Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool , jewelry , and silverware industries . Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains some manufacturing activity . The city was once nicknamed the `` Beehive of Industry '' ; it began rebranding itself as the `` Creative Capital '' in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources and arts community .

neg: Sultan Walad Baha al-Din Muhammad-i Walad , more popularly known as Sultan Walad ( سلطان ولد , Sultan Veled ) was the eldest son of Jalal Al-Din Rumi , Persian poet and Sufi , and one of the founders of the Mawlawiya order .

neg: Devils Island (Wisconsin) Devils Island is one of the twenty-two Apostle Islands of northern Wisconsin , and has also been known as Louisiana Island ( Henry R. Schoolcraft 's 1820 map ) , Barney and Lamborn 's Island ( Asaph Whittlesey 's 1871 map ) , Brownstone Island , and Rabbit Island .   The island is located in western Lake Superior off the Bayfield Peninsula , is centered at approximately 47 ° 04 ' 16.50 '' N 90 ° 43 ' 36.33 '' W and has a maximum elevation of 652 ' above sea level . The island rises only 50 ' above Lake Superior 's official elevation of 602 ' .   The island has no human inhabitants other than summer Park Service volunteers . It is managed by the National Park Service as part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore .   The politician and author Samuel Fifield wrote in 1899 that , `` The Indians in the early days declared it to be the home of Matchimanitou , the `` evil spirit , '' whom Kitchie-Manitouo , the `` great spirit , '' had imprisoned there . Hence its name , Devils Island . '' Governor Fifield did not specify his source of information for this claim , and some modern Native scholars question the accuracy of this explanation .   When surf on the lake is heavy , the waves thunder and boom in the island 's extensive sea caves . The rumbling can be heard even well away from the shoreline . Local residents claim that the Ojibwe ( Chippewa ) interpreted this noise as the sound of evil spirits .   The island is perhaps most visited for the dramatic rock formations and sea caves that wrap around its northern shore . It is popular with kayakers who enjoy meandering in and out of the caves on calm days . The caves were sculpted from the billion year old sandstone bedrock exposed through the island 's surface . The red and gold sandstone was deposited over the area by wandering streams from western hills . The undulating of the climate over about a million year period laid a sandstone crust that is about 1800 feet thick . They are colorfully stratified . Similar to ripples on the sandy bottom of a lake or stream caused by wind , waves or current , the ripples on these rocks are from gentle waves that passed 1 billion years ago .   The Devils Island Light located at the northern end of the island is staffed by a volunteer ranger during the busy months of the summer . Accompanied by the volunteer , visitors may climb the tower , and go inside the original keeper 's quarters , built in 1894 . The lighthouse contains a 3rd order fresnel lens , the only Apostle Islands lighthouse to have its original lens . Close examination of the lens shows multiple cracks and damage that occurred when the US Coast Guard removed the lens in 1989 . After local outcry and legal action , the Park Service was able to return the lens to the lighthouse in 1992 .   Visitors are free to wander the grounds and enjoy many trails found on the island . Starting at the light station , they include a short trails to the east `` landing '' , a loop trail to the west `` landing '' as well as a longer trail down the center of the island to the boathouse and dock at the south end . To the east is an old engine house that was used to haul supplies up from the landing . The building , thought to have been finished in 1901 , is the only one built of sandstone quarried from the island . The bulldozer that was used to make these trails can be found along the trail to the west landing . A rare heath rush ( grass ) found on Devil 's Island is thought to have been carried to the island on the tracks of the army surplus bulldozer which was once used in Greenland .   The northern tip of Devils Island is the northernmost point of Wisconsin .

neg: Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) .   Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day .   In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans .   The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward .   The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico .   Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice .   The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells .   Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''

neg: Timeline of Providence, Rhode Island The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Providence , Rhode Island , United States .

neg: Arnold Burying Ground Arnold Burying Ground ( also known as the Governor Arnold Burying Ground ) is a historic cemetery on Pelham Street just east of Spring Street in Newport , Rhode Island . It is the burial place of Benedict Arnold , Rhode Island 's first governor under the Royal Charter of 1663 .

neg: New Providence New Providence is the most populous island in the Bahamas , containing more than 70 % of the total population . It is the location of the national capital city of Nassau . The island was originally under Spanish control following Christopher Columbus 's discovery of the New World , but the Spanish government showed little interest in developing the island ( and the Bahamas as a whole ) . Nassau , the island 's largest city , was formerly known as Charles-town , but it was burned to the ground by the Spanish in 1684 . It was laid out and renamed Nassau in 1695 by Nicholas Trott , the most successful Lord Proprietor , in honor of the Prince of Orange-Nassau who became William III of England . The three branches of Bahamian Government : the executive , the legislative , and the judiciary , are all headquartered on New Providence . New Providence functions as the main commercial hub of the Bahamas . It is also home to more than 400 banks and trust companies , and its hotels and port account for more than two thirds of the four million-plus tourists who visit the Bahamas annually . Other settlements on New Providence include Grants Town , Bain Town , Fox Hill , Adelaide , Yamacraw , South Beach , Coral Harbour , Lyford Cay , Paradise Island , Sea Breeze , Centreville , The Grove ( South ) and The Grove ( West Bay ) , Cable Beach , Delaporte , Gambier , and Love Beach .

neg: Stephen Northup Stephen Northup ( roughly 1630 -- after 1687 ) was an early settler of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , and built what may be the oldest house still standing in Rhode Island . Northup was a fairly early settler of Providence in the Rhode Island colony , but accounts claiming that he settled the area with Roger Williams are inaccurate , since Northup was an infant or child when Williams first came to Providence in the spring of 1636 . Northup lived in Providence from 1655 to 1666 , after which he moved to the Narragansett country ( what is now North Kingstown , Rhode Island ) , which land was claimed by both the Rhode Island and Connecticut colonies . He may have owned or operated a grist mill , and is credited with building a house that still stands and is used as a private residence . Northup was married , had six known children , and lived until at least 1687 , when he was taxed . He was the great grandfather of Capt. Henry Northup who left Rhode Island to settle in Hoosick , New York , and took his slave Mintus who was manumitted in 1797 . Mintus assumed the surname Northup , and had a free-born son , Solomon Northup , the subject of the Academy Award winning film 12 Years a Slave .

neg: Gaspee Days Committee The Gaspee Days Committee is a civic-minded , nonprofit organization that operates many community events in and around Pawtuxet Village , including the famous Gaspee Days Parade each June . These events are all designed to commemorate the 1772 burning of the hated British revenue schooner , , by Rhode Island patriots as America 's ` First Blow for Freedom ' TM .   The first recorded celebration of the Gaspee Affair was in 1774 near Williamsburg , Virginia where George Washington himself related in his diary that he spent 3s .9 d. to see the fireworks in celebration of the second anniversary of the burning of the Gaspee .   Participants in the raid on the Gaspee were fêted annually in parades throughout Rhode Island until all had died by the year 1841 . Large celebrations took place in Rhode Island for several years surrounding the 100th anniversary of the burning of the Gaspee . The trademarked motto of the Gaspee Days Committee , America 's `` First Blow for Freedom '' TM is taken from teacup and saucer sets sold at these events . Sporadic observances of the Gaspee burning have formed a hit-or-miss pattern , the last known parade previous to the formation of the modern Gaspee Days Committee took place around 1907 .   The present Gaspee Days Committee was formed in 1965 to ensure a fitting commemoration to the 200th anniversary of the Gaspee Affair . Among the founding members were local historians and community activists , such as David Stackhouse and Hazel Wade Kennedy , both of whom were also involved in the establishment of Pawtuxet Village as a historic district .   The Gaspee Days Parade and celebrations have been a continuous , annual event since 1966 , and in the year 2012 mark the 47th such observance . Generations of Rhode Island citizens crowd Pawtuxet Village for the Parade and other Gaspee Days festivities each year . Every effort has been made to provide a schedule that is both entertaining and informative to all ages . Foremost is the desire to acquaint the public with an event that is as much a part of our national heritage as Paul Revere 's ride and the Battles of Lexington and Concord . The burning of the Gaspee was the first link in the chain of events that led directly to America 's Declaration of Independence .   The Committee has been the recipient of the George Washington Honor Medal from the Freedoms Foundation , and the first Certificate of Merit from the Rhode Island Bicentennial Commission . Gaspee Days has been listed by Discover America as one of the top twenty tourist attractions in the United States . In 2003 The Gaspee Days Committee was the subject of a front page feature in the Wall Street Journal .   Each annual Gaspee Days Parade is the result of a year-long planning process by many dedicated volunteers of the Gaspee Days Committee . Current projected cost of production for the Gaspee Days Parade is $ 40,000 . Necessary funds for the Parade are raised throughout the year with fee revenue generated by the Memorial Weekend Gaspee Days Arts & Crafts Festival , other fundraising events , and public and private donations .   The mission of the Gaspee Days Committee is not solely found in the celebrations it is best known for . The Committee also helps to acknowledge the importance of the Gaspee Affair in the independence movement that led to the American Revolutionary War . The Gaspee Days Committee operates the Gaspee Virtual Archives , an extensive on-line resource for historical research regarding the burning of the Gaspee .

neg: Carlisle Indian Industrial School The United States Indian Industrial School in Carlisle , Pennsylvania , generally known as Carlisle Indian Industrial School , was the flagship Indian boarding school in the United States from 1879 through 1918 . All of the school property , known as the Carlisle Barracks , is now a part of the U.S. Army War College .   Founded in 1879 by Captain Richard Henry Pratt under authority of the US federal government , Carlisle was the first federally funded off-reservation Indian boarding school . It was founded on the principle that Native Americans were the equals of European-Americans , and that Native American children immersed in mainstream Euro-American culture would learn skills to advance in society . In this period , many people believed that Amerindians , a population that was numerically declining , were a vanishing race whose only hope for survival was rapid assimilation to American culture .   After witnessing the initial success of the Indian students at Hampton Normal and Agricultural School , General Richard Henry Pratt decided to establish the first all Indian school , Carlisle , in 1879 . Carlisle was built out of a former military barracks . Like Hampton , upon arrival at Carlisle students ' hair were cut and names were changed . However , '' -LSB- u -RSB- nlike Hampton , whose purpose was to return assimilated educated Indians to their people , Carlisle meant to turn the school into the ultimate Americanizer '' . At Carlisle , Pratt attempted to `` Kill the Indian : Save the Man '' through any means necessary . Beyond a typical military regimen , Pratt was known to use corporal punishment on students who exhibited Native behaviors to help students become only dependent on themselves .   Carlisle became the model for 26 Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding schools in 15 states and territories , and hundreds of private boarding schools sponsored by religious denominations . It has been designated a National Historic Landmark . From 1879 until 1918 , over 10,000 Native American children from 140 tribes attended Carlisle ; however , according to one source , only 158 students graduated . Tribes with the largest number of students included the Lakota , Ojibwe , Seneca , Oneida , Cherokee , Apache , Cheyenne , and Alaska Native . The Carlisle Indian School exemplified Progressive Era values . Some Native Americans believed Carlisle provided an excellent education .   Carlisle and similar schools have been controversial because many Native Americans say that these forced children to leave their families at young ages , and to give up their own cultures , languages , religion and even their names , doing psychological damage to generations . Since the 1970s , Native American nations have taken back control of the education of their children and started their own schools and colleges .

neg: Sergeant Samuel Willard Sergeant Simon Willard was a founding father of Old Saybrook , Connecticut . Sergeant Willard along with Lieutenant Edward Gibbons , were sent by John Withrop Jr. to occupy the mouth of the Connecticut River with 20 carpenters and workmen . On November 24 , 1635 , the group landed on the west bank at the mouth of what is now the Connecticut River . They located the Dutch coat of arms and replaced it with a shield that had a grinning face painted on it . The group established a small fort with a cannon . When the Dutch returned to the mouth of the river they spotted the English fort and withdrew . The fort was one of the first military establishments in the Connecticut Colony .

neg: Trustee Georgia Trustee Georgia is the name of the period covering the first twenty years of Georgia history , from 1732 -- 1752 , because during that time the English Province of Georgia was governed by a Board of Trustees . England 's King George II , for whom the colony was named , signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board on July 7 , 1732 . His action culminated a lengthy process .   The charter was granted to the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America , a group formed by James Oglethorpe . Oglethorpe envisioned the province as a location for the resettlement of English debtors and `` the worthy poor '' , although few debtors were part of the organized settlement of Georgia . Another motivation for the founding of the colony was to create a `` buffer state '' ( border ) , or `` garrison province '' that would defend the southern part of the British colonies from Spanish Florida and French Mississippi . Oglethorpe envisioned a province populated largely by yeoman farmers who would secure the southern frontier of British America ; because of this , as well as on moral grounds , the colony 's regulations prohibited slavery .   Oglethorpe 's plan for settlement ( now known as the Oglethorpe Plan ) was founded on eighteenth-century country party philosophy and drew from principles of Roman colonial town design .

neg: Sylvester Pendleton Clark Sylvester Pendleton Clark was the governor of Grand Island , and the founder of Pendleton , New York . He built and opened a log tavern there and become its postmaster in 1823 . He led a rebellion against government taxes in the early 19th century .

neg: Providence: The Story of a Fifty-Year Vision Quest Providence : The Story of a Fifty-Year Vision Quest is a book by Daniel Quinn , published in 1994 , and written largely as an autobiography blended with additional philosophical reflections . It details how Quinn arrived at the ideas behind his 1992 novel Ishmael and articulates upon some of these ideas .   Although primarily nonfiction in content , Providence is written with a fictional backdrop , in which the reader is presented as someone who has read Ishmael and sneaked into Daniel Quinn 's house at night to ask Quinn for further information regarding his inspirations for the novel and its philosophical ideas . Quinn , though tired , welcomes the reader into his house and opens himself up to the reader 's questions . Throughout the story , Quinn narrates as though replying to questions asked by ( the character of ) the reader , which Quinn `` restates '' in his answers and explanations ; the voice of the reader is never directly heard .

neg: Corbitant Corbitant was a Wampanoag Indian sachem or sagamore under Massasoit . Corbitant was sachem of the Pocasset tribe in present-day North Tiverton , Rhode Island , c. 1618 -- 1630 . He lived in Mattapuyst or Mattapoiset , located in the southern part of today 's Swansea , MA .   In the summer of 1621 , he was involved in a minor altercation with the Plymouth colony involving the Patuxet refugee Squanto at present-day Middleborough , Massachusetts . Corbitant had menaced both Squanto and his companion Hobomok for their close ties with the white strangers . Fearing for their lives , Hobomok was able to get away and escaped back to Plymouth , where he rallied the pilgrims under Miles Standish . Standish led ten men of Plymouth in arms to rescue Squanto from Corbitant . They attacked the Wampanoag village at Nemasket , but by that time Corbitant had released Squanto and withdrawn from the area . Corbitant was nominally obedient to the Great Sachem Massasoit of the Pokanoket . Although described as a `` determined foe of the English , '' nonetheless , `` with other hostile chiefs he signed a treaty of peace with the English in 1621 . ''   Tribes of the Wampanoag federation possessed hunting grounds at Cape Cod , Plymouth , Taunton , Attleboro , Middleboro , Hanson , Duxbury , Freetown , Somerset , Swansea , Mattapoisett , Wareham , and Fall River , in Massachusetts , as well as Tiverton , Aquidneck Island ( Newport ) , Canonicut Island ( Jamestown ) , Little Compton , Bristol , Warren and the lands west to the Providence River . About the year 1622 the Narragansett Federation under Canonicut seized the island of present-day Jamestown from Massasoit .

neg: Puritan Village: The Formation of a New England Town Puritan Village : The Formation of a New England Town is a book by American historian Sumner Chilton Powell published in 1963 by Wesleyan University Press , which won the 1964 Pulitzer Prize for History . It minutely examines the records of Sudbury , Massachusetts from 1638-1660 to show how the town developed mainly from emigrants from Watertown , Massachusetts , tracing every settler back to England , concluding that there were no typical `` English '' towns and no typical `` Puritans . ''

neg: Henry Bull (governor) Henry Bull ( 1610 -- 1694 ) was an early colonial Governor of Rhode Island , serving for two separate terms , one before and one after the tenure of Edmund Andros under the Dominion of New England . Sailing from England as a young man , Bull first settled in Roxbury in the Massachusetts Bay Colony , but soon became a follower of the dissident ministers John Wheelwright and Anne Hutchinson , and was excommunicated from the Roxbury church . With many other followers of Hutchinson , he signed the Portsmouth Compact , and settled on Aquidneck Island in the Narragansett Bay . Within a year of arriving there , he and others followed William Coddington to the south end of the island where they established the town of Newport .   Bull was a corporal and sergeant on the island , and kept the prison for the colony . He also built a house shortly after his arrival that continued to stand in Newport for nearly three centuries , until destroyed by fire . Late in life , Bull became active in the service of the colony , fulfilling roles as commissioner , deputy , and assistant . In 1685 , during a chaotic period in Rhode Island 's history when the colony was being accused of irregularities , and its charter was being threatened under a new King , the 75-year-old Henry Bull stepped into the office of governor , serving for a year . Soon after he left office , Edmund Andros was appointed royal governor of all the New England colonies , remaining in this position for three years , until another change in England 's monarchy resulted in Rhode Island 's return to its former charter . Uncertainty prevailed in the colony , and two other individuals refused to serve as governor , until Bull , as an octogenarian , once again assumed the governorship in 1690 , returning Rhode Island to its previous form of government under its charter .   Considered to be as fearless as he was honest , Bull was elected to the highest position in the gift of the colony , despite the fact that he could not sign his name ( he used a mark for his signature in the Portsmouth Compact ) . He became a Quaker after his arrival in the Rhode Island colony , and , following a long life , was buried in the Coddington Cemetery in Newport where several other Quaker governors of the colony were also interred .

neg: Vali (governor) Wāli or vali ( from Arabic والي Wāli ) is an administrative title that was used during the Caliphate and Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions . It is still in use in some countries influenced by Arab or Muslim culture . The division that a Wāli governs is called Wilayah , or , in the case of Ottoman Turkey , `` Vilayet '' .

neg: Oakland Beach, Rhode Island Oakland Beach is a neighborhood located in the South Central area of Warwick , Rhode Island , on Greenwich Bay , a tributary of Narragansett Bay . This densely populated community of small cottages was developed after World War I as a summer colony , largely for nearby Providence 's middle-class Irish , Greek and Italian communities . Oakland Beach reached its heyday in the 1930s when it boasted a bathing beach , boat docks and restaurants , as well as a Ferris wheel , and rail service to Providence and other nearby summer colonies . Popular local attractions included an arcade , carousel ( merry go round ) movie theater , bowling alley and dodgem cars , it also housed a skating rink run by the same people who ran the oldest family run skating rink in the country which replaced the one in Oakland Beach after the 1930s New England Hurricane .   The New England Hurricane of 1938 , however , destroyed much of Oakland Beach . The area never quite recovered , and Hurricane Carol in 1954 added to the area 's destruction . Over the years , Oakland Beach has become a destination where people come to attend the many activities on the green , park by the sea wall to enjoy the beautiful vista of Greenwich Bay , kayak the scenic coves , stroll the shoreline and dine at the restaurants . The most notable being Iggy 's Doughboy and ChowderHouse . Other restaurants include Top of the Bay ( which used to be the Governor 's residence ) Timmy 's One Bay , Marley 's on the Beach ( Which has recently been shut down . The building is now also used by Iggy 's doughboy and Chowderhouse ) and The Carousel Grill . New to the area is Twisted Pizzeria and Restaurant .

neg: Metacomet Country Club Metacomet Country Club is a private golf club in East Providence , Rhode Island in the United States . It was incorporated in 1901 by five Rhode Island Businessmen . The playing grounds were , at that time , in the Rumford section of East Providence .   As for the name , Metacomet , it was the fashion at the turn of the 20th century for golf clubs organizing in New England to select Native American names . Metacomet was a great Indian Chief of the Wampanoag Tribe , a friend of the Pilgrim settlers of the 17th century who was later named King Philip by the English after he succeeded his father as leader of the Wampanoag tribe .   The course was originally designed by Leonard Byles , but , in 1924 , Donald Ross was hired to consult and re-design the golf course which currently stands . The new layout was opened on August 7 , 1926 . Known as a challenging course with lots of character , it is widely considered to have among the best putting greens in New England .

neg: Aquidneck Island Aquidneck Island , officially Rhode Island , is located in Narragansett Bay in the U.S. state of Rhode Island . The total land area is 97.9 km2 , which makes it the largest island in the bay . The 2000 United States Census reported its population as 60,870 .   Aquidneck Island is home to three towns , from north to south geographically : Portsmouth , Middletown , and Newport .


query: Wild has Thomas Sadoski.

pos: Wild (2014 film) Wild is a 2014 American biographical survival drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The screenplay by Nick Hornby is based on Cheryl Strayed 's 2012 memoir Wild : From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail . The film stars Reese Witherspoon as Strayed , alongside Laura Dern ( as Strayed 's mother ) , with Thomas Sadoski , Michiel Huisman and Gaby Hoffmann among several others in supporting roles . The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 29 , 2014 , and was released theatrically on December 3 , 2014 , in North America .   Wild opened to positive critical reviews , with much praise going toward the performances of Reese Witherspoon and Laura Dern . Both actresses received Academy Award nominations for their performances , in the categories of Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress , respectively .

neg: Fatal Fury: Wild Ambition is a 3D fighting video game produced by SNK and is part of the Fatal Fury series of fighting games . The game was released by Japanese arcades on January 28 , 1999 , although the title screen shows the year 1998 . It was one of the last games released for the Hyper Neo Geo 64 system board . It was ported to the Sony PlayStation on June 24 , 1999 in Japan and November 30 , 1999 in North America . The game was re-released as a downloadable game for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable via the PlayStation Network in Japan on April 25 , 2007 .   The game re-tells the story of the original Fatal Fury video game . It introduces Toji Sakata and Tsugumi Sendo to the series , and places Mai Shiranui , Kim Kaphwan , and Li Xiangfei as participants of the original King of Fighters tournament . Ryuji Yamazaki also appears as a mid-boss character and Ryo Sakazaki makes an appearance as Mr. Karate , tying the events of Art of Fighting 2 to this game .

neg: Digimon Tamers , known outside Japan as season three of Digimon : Digital Monsters , is the third anime television series produced by Toei Animation based on the Japanese Digimon franchise . Unlike the previous seasons , Digimon Adventure and Digimon Adventure 02 , Tamers takes place in a different universe , where the first two seasons are a TV show . The show mostly takes place in the real world and revolves heavily around the collectible card game based on the series .   This series is also known for its darker undertones and story plots , taking darker routes than in previous series . The anime has become controversial over the decade , with debates about how appropriate this show actually is for its `` target '' audience , especially due to Lovecraftian nature of the last arc . The English dub is more lighthearted dialogue-wise , though still not as much as previous series . Tamers aired in Japan between April 1 , 2001 and March 31 , 2002 , whilst an English-language version by Saban Entertainment aired in North America between September 1 , 2001 to June 8 , 2002 . A manga adaptation by Yuen Wong Yu ran between April and October 2004 . It was succeeded by Digimon Frontier .

neg: Wild Sweet Orange Wild Sweet Orange was an American indie rock band from Homewood , Alabama . In early 2008 their song `` Land of No Return '' was featured on Grey 's Anatomy . The band performed the song `` Ten Dead Dogs '' live on the Late Show with David Letterman on June 23 , 2008 . Their first full LP , We Have Cause to Be Uneasy , was released on July 29 , 2008 . Wild Sweet Orange has opened for bands such as Counting Crows , Guster , Augustana , and Gringo Star .   On September 7 , 2010 , the band announced on their Facebook page that they were calling it quits .

neg: Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) .   The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .

neg: Crazy Sexy Wild `` Crazy Sexy Wild '' is a song by Romanian recording artist Inna . They were produced by Sebastian Barac , Marcel Botezan and Radu Bolfea , better known as the Romanian songwriter and music producer trio Play & Win , and co-written by GoodWill & MGI and Kimberly Cole . First published in May on YouTube and officially released on iTunes in June 2012 , `` Tu și eu '' was sung in Romanian and English language . Inna released a complete English version of the song , entitled `` Crazy Sexy Wild '' on June 17 , 2012 . For the international promotion a music video for `` Crazy Sexy Wild '' was released on August 2 , 2012 . The music video for `` Tu și eu '' was released on August 8 , 2012 . `` Tu și eu '' became an overwhelming radio hit in Romania , distinctly outperforming its predecessor `` Caliente '' on the Romanian Top 100 . Its top ten entry made Inna the most successful Romanian female artist in Romanian Top 100 chart history .

neg: Wet'n'Wild Toronto Wet 'n' Wild Toronto ( formerly known as `` Sunshine Beach '' and later Wild Water Kingdom ) is located in Brampton , Ontario in the Greater Toronto Area . Opened in 1986 , the 100 acre entertainment complex is located next to the Clairville Reservoir , Claireville Conservation Area and the Humber River . The park hosts a variety of attractions , including numerous water slides , a wave pool , a lazy river , the Caribbean Cove with a cascading waterfall , volleyball courts , a kids ' water playground and adventure zone . The water park is home to `` The Big Tipper '' , the only Double Tipping Bucket attraction in the world , holding eight hundred gallons of water , As well , there are non-swimming activities such as their Face Drop Zip Lines ( to ride like superman or traditional style ) , a rock climbing wall , and 18-hole fantasy mini golf . The park is also home to a number of bars and food vendors and cabanas for parties . Wild Water Kingdom also had a mascot named `` Hugo the Hippo . ''   Wild Water Kingdom is currently closed for renovations . It was purchased in 2016 by Premier Parks , LLC . Wild Water Kingdom also stated that because of the new ownership of Premier Parks , LLC the water park would receive a major cleaning while closed for 2016 . The park was renamed Wet 'n' Wild Toronto in December 2016 .

neg: Wildboys (comics) The Wildboys are fictional characters in the Marvel Universe .

neg: Wild Kingdom Wild Kingdom , sometimes known as Mutual of Omaha 's Wild Kingdom , is an American television show that features wildlife and nature . It was originally produced from 1963 until 1988 , and was revived in 2002 . The show 's second incarnation currently airs on Animal Planet in the U.S.

neg: Spring Fever (manga) is a Japanese manga anthology written and illustrated by Yugi Yamada and published by Ohzora Publishing in 1995 and Houbunsha in May 2001 . It was released in English by Aurora Publishing in August 2007 under their label Deux Press . Spring Fever tells the romantic homosexual story of Yusuke Onishi , who falls in love with the much older single father , Takami Hirokazu . Wildman Blues tells the story of Naoki , who came out in high school , and his best friend Ayu who vowed to help him . Naoki drove him away by `` forcing himself '' on Ayu , and they meet again when adult and have sex .

neg: Fuckin Wild Fuckin Wild was a German rock band with blues , progressive rock , Folk and Middle Eastern influences . The band occasionally called its style `` Psychedelischer Rausch Rock '' . Active mainly in Bavaria and the rest of Germany between 1993 and 1998 Fuckin Wild produced three albums ; the second titled `` The Raven 's Cry '' was released by Artvoice Music in 1996 and distributed mainly in Germany and Great Britain .   Fuckin Wild toured Germany between 1993 and 1998 , when the band was abandoned due to personal differences among the members .

neg: Pets (song) `` Pets '' is a song by alternative rock band Porno for Pyros and the second single from their 1993 self-titled album , Porno for Pyros . The Cursed Female / Cursed Male '' single preceded Pets , but saw only a limited radio station and promotional release , making Pets the first widely available commercial single from the album .   The song became a No. 1 hit on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart . The song 's success was aided , in part , by a unique video directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris ( they would later direct the critically acclaimed film Little Miss Sunshine ) which received heavy rotation on MTV .

neg: Wild Things (film) Wild Things is a 1998 American erotic thriller film directed by John McNaughton , and stars Matt Dillon , Neve Campbell , Kevin Bacon , Denise Richards and Theresa Russell .   An `` uncut '' version , adding seven minutes to its runtime , was released on DVD in 2004 and includes a change to Kelly and Suzie 's relationship . The film gained notoriety for featuring several sex scenes -- in particular , one involving a man and two women simultaneously -- that were more explicit than is typically seen in mainstream , big-budget Hollywood releases . It spawned several direct-to-DVD sequels that were released in 2004 , 2005 and 2010 .   The film has a MPAA rating of R for `` strong sexuality , nudity , language and violence '' .

neg: Wild Ones (Flo Rida album) Wild Ones is the fourth studio album by American rapper Flo Rida . It was released on July 3 , 2012 . Wild Ones had four Top 10 singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 , when the singles , `` Good Feeling '' , `` Wild Ones '' , `` Whistle '' , and `` I Cry '' charted , at 3 , 5 , 1 , and 6 respectively .

neg: Wild (company) Rudolf Wild & Co. is a UA company headquartered in Eppelheim , near Heidelberg , Germany .   The company produces natural ingredients for food products . WILD has around 2,500 employees in over 70 countries , 1,400 of whom are employed at the main plant in Eppelheim .  The company is based on three core businesses : the production of ingredients for the food and beverage industry , the construction of processing equipment and machinery ( WILD INDAG ) and the production and sale of its own brand products and end products . One of the latter , Capri Sun , is sold in over 100 countries .

neg: Wild League Wild League ( Croatian : Divlja liga ) in Croatia is the most popular amateur water polo competition in the world . Matches are played on the beaches of Dubrovnik including Porporela , Danče , Bellevue , Šulić , and other beaches in Riviera . The final match , however , happens in Porat ( Old Town port ) every year . Referees are professional ( they have FINA and LEN licences ) . Better teams usually play people who have been trained in Jug and have been good in younger categories . Mihovil Španja , a Croatian professional swimmer , won the 2010 Wild League . Coaches of Solitudo are players of Croatia men 's national water polo team , namely , Nikša Dobud , Pavo Marković , and Tihomil Vranješ . In 2007 , the coach of Porporela was a player of the national team Andro Bušlje .

neg: List of Minnesota Wild players This is a complete list of ice hockey players who have played for the Minnesota Wild in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . It includes players that have played at least one regular season or playoff game for the Minnesota Wild since the franchise was established in 2000 as one of two expansion teams , along with the Columbus Blue Jackets .   As of August 21 , 2013 , 15 goaltenders and 173 skaters ( forwards and defensemen ) have appeared in at least one regular-season and/or playoff game with the Minnesota Wild since the team joined the League in the 2000 -- 01 season .   The `` Seasons '' column lists the first year of the season of the player 's first game and the last year of the season of the player 's last game . For example , a player who played one game in the 2006 -- 07 season would be listed as playing with the team from 2006 to 2007 , regardless of what calendar year the game occurred within .

neg: Mannie Fresh Byron Otto Thomas ( born March 20 , 1969 ) ,   Later , Thomas formed the Big Tymers along with Williams , as Mannie Fresh and Birdman respectively bringing him fame , and released five albums . In 2004 , he released his own debut solo album The Mind of Mannie Fresh , which consisted of 30 tracks and featured the single `` Real Big , '' which peaked at # 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 . In 2005 , he split from Cash Money for financial reasons , and later joined Def Jam South , to which he is currently signed .  On October 27 , 2009 , Mannie Fresh released his second solo album , Return of the Ballin ' . The album was entirely produced by Fresh himself and featured prominent guests Rick Ross and Lil Jon .

neg: Wild Cat (1927 song) Wild Cat is an instrumental duet for violin and guitar , composed by jazz guitarist Eddie Lang and violinist Joe Venuti . They first recorded it in New York , January 24 , 1927 . It is something of a showcase piece for Venuti 's talent as a violinist . His performance has been held to `` offer some good examples of bow rockin ' . '' In the words of one critic :  `` Wild Cat '' illustrates the salient features of Venuti 's unique violin styling . He utilized the full range of the violin , from low rich tones to the high , ethereal sounds near the bridge . -LSB- . . . -RSB- The melody of the popular song `` Wild Cat '' was completely transformed through Venuti 's ingenious improvisation on its underlying chord structure .  Author Katharine Rapoport included the piece as recommended listening `` to really get your head ( and ears ) around jazz music '' .   Andy Stein is also noted for a virtuoso performance of the same piece . A further recording of `` Wild Cat '' by Stan Kurtis and Dick Hyman , which came out on the Pro Jazz label in 1987 , was well received .

neg: Wild Thing (The Troggs song) `` Wild Thing '' is a song written by Chip Taylor . Originally recorded by American rock band The Wild Ones in 1965 , `` Wild Thing '' is best known for its 1966 cover by the English rock band The Troggs , which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in July 1966 . The song peaked at No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart .   As performed by The Troggs , `` Wild Thing '' is ranked # 261 on the Rolling Stone magazine 's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .

neg: Wildguard WildGuard is a comic book series about a `` made-for-TV '' superhero team . The series was created , written and drawn by Todd Nauck and published by Image Comics . Nauck initially published the characters in 1993 , in ashcan comics he published while sending out submissions . It was published again in 2003 . The set of miniseries and one-shots chronicles the exploits of the superhero team , the initial miniseries , WildGuard : Casting Call , introduced the characters in an American Idol-style program . Fans voted online on a fifth member onto the team .   The first six issues were later collected in Trade paperback .