query: Selene serves as the central character in the film Underworld.

pos: Selene (Underworld) Selene , portrayed by British actress Kate Beckinsale , is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Underworld film series . More specifically , she serves as the central character in the films Underworld ( 2003 ) , Underworld : Evolution ( 2006 ) , Underworld : Awakening ( 2012 ) , and Underworld : Blood Wars ( 2016 ) .   Beckinsale 's daughter , Lily Mo Sheen , plays the character as a child in a flashback in Underworld : Evolution . In Underworld : Endless War , Selene is voiced by Canadian voice actress Laura Harris .

neg: Cleopatra Selene II Cleopatra Selene II ( Greek : Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη ; late 40 BC -- c. 6 BC ) , also known as Cleopatra VIII of Egypt or Cleopatra VIII , was a Ptolemaic Princess and was the only daughter to Greek Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony . She was the fraternal twin of Ptolemaic prince Alexander Helios . Her second name in ancient and modern Greek means moon , also meaning the Titaness-Goddess of the Moon Selene , being the counterpart of her twin brother ` s second name Helios , meaning sun and the Titan-God of the Sun Helios . She was of Greek and Roman heritage . Cleopatra was born , raised and educated in Alexandria , Egypt . In 36 BC in the Donations of Antioch and in late 34 BC during the Donations of Alexandria , she was made ruler of Cyrenaica and Libya .

neg: Heba Selim Heba Selim ( died 1973 ) was an Egyptian spy who worked for the Mossad along with her fiancé Farouk Al-Fikki . Originally from Assiut in middle Egypt , she grew up in the upper-class Mohandeseen Cairo suburb . As a student in `` Adab '' ( liberal arts ) college , she majored in French . One of her instructors , a French man , offered her the opportunity of furthering her studies in Sorbonne . She stayed with an Egyptian family in Paris and was a regular guest at the Egyptian ambassador 's home . In a 2010 Egyptian TV program , he described her as attractive , cheerful , bright , and patriotic .   He did note , however , that she struggled financially as she could not find work in the Egyptian Embassy in Paris . He would later be instrumental in luring her back to Egypt - via Libya -- by fabricating a story about her father 's illness .   After her recruitment by the Mossad , she married Farouk el Fikki , an engineer Egyptian army officer , and gathered information - through him - about the locations of the anti-aircraft batteries . He later became aware and willingly participated in her spying activities . Israel scored many accurate hits destroying many anti aircraft missile bases at a heavy cost of men and material to the Egyptian side .  The Israeli strikes were so accurate that the Egyptian side became convinced insider informants must be involved . Eventually her husband was caught and faced a certain death sentence . The Egyptians , however , decided to use him as a double agent for some time . Also , by not arresting him , he gave Heba Selim the impression that their spying activities were not compromised . Both Heba and her husband were eventually arrested and summarily executed .   Heba Selim is the basis of the Egyptian film Al sood ila al haweyah ( Climbing to the abyss ) . One of the most famous lines in Egyptian cinema history is said at the end of the movie as Abla ( Heba Selim 's name in the movie ) is flown to Egypt after her capture in Libya . As the plane approaches Cairo airport , her escorting intelligence officer points at the pyramids and the Nile and then , in a most condemning tone he says `` we heya dee Masr ya abla '' ( and this is Egypt Abla ) .

neg: Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women .   After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' .   Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music .   Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Mormolykeia In Greek mythology , the Mormolykeia ( English translation : `` terrible wolves '' ) were female underworld Daemons , attendants of the goddess Hecate . They were identified with mormos , female vampire-like creatures .

neg: Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' .   The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .

neg: Russian mafia Russian organized crime or Russian mafia , sometimes referred to as Bratva ( : `` brotherhood '' ) , is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union .   Organized crime in Russia began in the imperial period of the Tsars , but it was not until the Soviet era that vory v zakone ( `` thieves-in-law '' ) emerged as leaders of prison groups in gulags ( Soviet prison labor camps ) , and their honor code became more defined . After World War II , the death of Joseph Stalin , and the fall of the Soviet Union , more gangs emerged in a flourishing black market , exploiting the unstable governments of the former Republics , and at its highest point , even controlling as much as two-thirds of the Russian economy . Louis Freeh , former director of the FBI , said that the Russian mafia posed the greatest threat to U.S. national security in the mid-1990s .   In modern times , there are as many as 6,000 different groups , with more than 200 of them having a global reach . Criminals of these various groups are either former prison members , corrupt officials and business leaders , people with ethnic ties , or people from the same region with shared criminal experiences and leaders . However , the existence of such groups has been debated . In December 2009 , Timur Lakhonin , the head of the Russian National Central Bureau of Interpol , stated `` Certainly , there is crime involving our former compatriots abroad , but there is no data suggesting that an organized structure of criminal groups comprising former Russians exists abroad '' , while in August 2010 , Alain Bauer , a French criminologist , said that it `` is one of the best structured criminal organizations in Europe , with a quasi-military operation . ''

neg: Dexamenus Dexamenus ( -LSB- dɛkˈsæmᵻnəs -RSB- Greek Δεξάμενος ) was a name attributed to at least three characters in Greek mythology .   Dexamenus , son of Oeceus , king of Olenus . The Centaur Eurytion forced him to betroth his daughter , Mnesimache , to him . Heracles rescued the girl , killing Eurytion when he showed up to claim his bride . In another version of the tale , the girl was instead Deianira , Heracles ' future wife ( elsewhere said to be a daughter of Oeneus or Dionysus and Althaea ) . Heracles violated her and promised her father that he would marry her . After his departure , Eurytion appeared , demanding Deianira as his bride . Her father , afraid , gave in , but Heracles reappeared just in time and slew the Centaur . In yet another variant , the daughter 's name is Hippolyte and Eurytion threatens violence to her at her wedding feast ( she having married Azan ) ; Heracles , who is also attending the feast , kills him . Dexamenus ' other children include Eurypylus and the twins Theronice and Theraephone .  Dexamenus , son of Heracles and father of Ambrax , king of Ambracia ( a city in Epirus ) .  Dexamenus , son of Mesolus and Ambracia , the daughter of Phorbas . After him a part of the region Ambracia was called Dexamenae .

neg: Exte is a 2007 Japanese horror film written and directed by Sion Sono , and stars Chiaki Kuriyama , Ren Osugi , and Megumi Satō . The title is a Japanese slang shortening Romanization of the English term `` extension '' from `` hair extension '' .   The plot involves an aspiring hair dresser ( Kuriyama ) who becomes the infatuation of a tricophilic man who sells hair extensions to nearby hair salons . The source of the hair is the stolen corpse of a girl whose dead body continues to grow beautiful and voluminous black hair that comes alive , driving those who use the extensions insane or killing them . The movie was released in the U.S. as Exte : Hair Extensions .

neg: Snake Spring (film) Snake Spring ( -LSB- Змеиный источник , Zmeiniy istochnik -RSB- ) is a 1997 Russian thriller film , feature directorial debut of Nikolai Lebedev . One of the first psychological thrillers of Russian cinema after the Soviet Union .

neg: La piovra La Piovra ( -LSB- la ˈpjɔːvra -RSB- ; The Octopus , referring to `` The Mafia '' ) is an Italian television drama miniseries about the Mafia .   The story was by Sandro Petraglia . The production was designed by Luigi Perelli . The soundtrack was by Riz Ortolani and later by Ennio Morricone , who went on to compose music for several sequels .   All 10 series have been released in Australia on DVD by Aztec International Entertainment , with English subtitles , having been originally aired on the Special Broadcasting Service television channel . It was also broadcast on MHz Networks in the United States . The first three series were shown in the UK on Channel 4 .   The TV drama was successful in the USSR , where it appeared on state TV in 1986 in Albania , in Romania , and in Bulgaria , where is appeared in the end of the 1980s ( in its seventh season , the show featured Bulgarian actor Stefan Danailov ) .

neg: Phrygian Sibyl In the extended complement of sibyls of the Gothic and Renaissance imagination , the Phrygian Sibyl was the priestess presiding over an Apollonian oracle at Phrygia , a historical kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolian highlands . The Phrygian sibyl appears to be one of a triplicated sibyl , with the Hellespontine Sibyl and the Erythraean Sibyl . There was indeed an oracular site in Phrygia , but a single one , at Gergitis .   The sibyls of Antiquity were increased to ten in Lactantius ' Divine Institutions ( i. 6 ) a 4th-century work quoting from a lost work of Varro , ( 1st century BCE ) .   The word Sibyl comes ( via Latin ) from the ancient Greek word sibylla , meaning prophetess . There were several Sibyls in the ancient world , all of whom were re-employed in Christian mythology , to prefigure Christian eschatology :  When the dread trumpet resounds , the deepest earth will yawn open ,  Kings will be set before the throne of God .  He will deliver the final judgement on the good and the wicked ,  for the latter , fire , for the rest , eternal delights   Such were the lines , based on Tuba mirum and composed by Aria Montano for the portrait of the `` Phrygian Sibyl '' ( 1575 ) , one of the suite of ten copperplate engravings of the Sibyls by the Antwerp artist Philip Galle ( 1537 -- 1612 ) .

neg: Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation .   Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress .   In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama .   Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .

neg: Voltumna In Etruscan mythology , Voltumna or Veltha was the chthonic ( relating to or inhabiting the underworld ) deity , who became the supreme god of the Etruscan pantheon , the deus Etruriae princeps , according to Varro . Voltumna 's cult was centered in Volsini ( modern-day Orvieto ) a polis of the Etruscan Civilization of central Italy .   The bond of the twelve Etruscan populi was renewed annually at the sacred grove of Fanum Voltumnae , the sanctuary of Voltumnus sited near Volsinii ( present day Bolsena ) , which was mentioned by Livy . At the Fanum Voltumnae ludi were held , the precise nature of which , whether athletic or artistic , is unknown .   In the Roman Forum , near the Temple of Castor and Pollux stood a shrine dedicated to Voltumna in the Vicus Tuscus .   He was the equivalent of the Roman Vertumnus .

neg: Elf deities The Seldarine ( Tel ` Seldarine in the elvish language ) is the pantheon of the good and neutral elven gods in many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game . The name roughly translates as `` the fellowship of brothers and sisters of the wood . '' The Seldarine are led by the greater deity Corellon Larethian . Their home plane is Arvandor ( part of Arborea/Mount Olympus ) .   There is also a Dark Seldarine , which is the name given to the Drow deities .

neg: Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer .   Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge .   Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .

neg: Underworld (Vamps album) Underworld is the fourth album by Vamps , released on 28 April 2017 . The production took place in Henderson , Nevada by producer Kane Churko .

neg: Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies .   Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal .   The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film :   If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction  He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes  Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images   In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .

neg: Darlene Conley Darlene Conley ( July 18 , 1934 -- January 14 , 2007 ) was an American actress .   Conley 's career spanned fifty years , but she was best known for her performances in daytime television , and in particular , for her portrayal of larger-than-life fashion industrialist Sally Spectra on The Bold and the Beautiful . Conley played the role from 1989 until her death seventeen years later . Darlene 's character Sally is the only soap opera character to be displayed at Madame Tussaud 's wax figures galleries in Amsterdam and Las Vegas .

neg: Moirai In Greek mythology , the Moirai or Moerae -LSB- ˈmɪrˌiː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈmiːˌriː -RSB- ( Μοῖραι , `` apportioners '' ) , often known in English as the Fates ( Fatae ) , were the white-robed incarnations of destiny ; their Roman equivalent was the Parcae ( euphemistically the `` sparing ones '' ) . Their number became fixed at three : Clotho ( spinner ) , Lachesis ( allotter ) and Atropos ( unturnable ) .   They controlled the mother thread of life of every mortal from birth to death . They were independent , at the helm of necessity , directed fate , and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without obstruction . The gods and men had to submit to them , although Zeus 's relationship with them is a matter of debate : some sources say he is the only one who can command them ( the Zeus Moiragetes ) , yet others suggest he was also bound to the Moirai 's dictates .  In the Homeric poems Moira or Aisa , is related with the limit and end of life , and Zeus appears as the guider of destiny . In the Theogony of Hesiod , the three Moirai are personified , daughters of Nyx and are acting over the gods . Later they are daughters of Zeus and Themis , who was the embodiment of divine order and law . In Plato 's Republic the Three Fates are daughters of Ananke ( necessity ) .   It seems that Moira is related with Tekmor ( proof , ordinance ) and with Ananke ( destiny , necessity ) , who were primeval goddesses in mythical cosmogonies . The ancient Greek writers might call this power Moira or Ananke , and even the gods could not alter what was ordained .  The concept of a universal principle of natural order has been compared to similar concepts in other cultures like the Vedic Rta , the Avestan Asha ( Arta ) and the Egyptian Maat .   In earliest Greek philosophy , the cosmogony of Anaximander is based on these mythical beliefs . The goddess Dike ( justice , divine retribution ) , keeps the order and sets a limit to any actions .


query: Legion is an American apocalyptic film.

pos: Legion (2010 film) Legion is a 2010 American apocalyptic supernatural action horror film directed by Scott Stewart and co-written by Stewart and Peter Schink . The cast includes Paul Bettany , Lucas Black , Tyrese Gibson , Adrianne Palicki , Kate Walsh , and Dennis Quaid . Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions Group acquired most of this film 's worldwide distribution rights , and the group opened this film in North America theatrically on January 22 , 2010 through Screen Gems .   A television series called Dominion , set 25 years after the end of the film , premiered on the American cable television network Syfy on June 19 , 2014 .

neg: Legion M Legion M ( founded 2016 ) is the world 's first fan-owned entertainment company .

neg: List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise .   The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot .   This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .

neg: Iranium Iranium is a 2011 documentary film by director Alex Traiman , Written and Distributed by Clarion Fund .   Featuring footage with Iranian leaders and interviews with 25 leading politicians , dissidents , and researchers , the film discusses the Iranian nuclear program , Middle East policy , terrorism , and nuclear proliferation . Beginning with the Islamic revolution , the film documents the creation of the Iranian nuclear program and development of weapons of mass destruction .   The film discusses Iranian foreign policy and Iran -- United States relations , including the Iran hostage crisis and the 1979 Iranian Revolution and takeover by Ayatollah Khomeini to what it refers to as `` the brutal nature of the Iranian regime to its own citizens , and the Iranian people 's desire to rejoin the international community . ''   The film is produced by the Clarion Fund . It was produced by the same team that produced Obsession : Radical Islam 's War Against the West and The Third Jihad . Iranian actress and Academy Award nominee Shohreh Aghdashloo narrates the film .   Pre-release screenings have been held or are scheduled to be held at organizations such as the Hudson Institute , David Horowitz Freedom Center , and Heritage Foundation .  The film premiered at select AMC theaters and community centers throughout the United States on February 8 .

neg: Apocalypse: The Second World War Apocalypse : The Second World War ( French : Apocalypse , la 2e Guerre mondiale ) ( 2009 ) is a six-part French documentary by Daniel Costelle and Isabelle Clarke about the Second World War . The music of the documentary was composed by Kenji Kawai .   The documentary is composed exclusively of actual footage of the war as filmed by war correspondents , soldiers , resistance fighters and private citizens . The series is shown in color , with the black-and-white footage being fully colorized , save for some original color footage . The only exception to the treatment are most Holocaust scenes , which are presented in the original black and white .   It was first aired from August 20 and 27 and September 3 on the French-speaking Belgian RTBF then on August 23 and 30 and September 6 on the French-speaking Swiss TSR and finally on September 8 , 2009 , to September 22 , 2009 , on France 2 channel . It was narrated in French by actor/director Mathieu Kassovitz . The documentary was shown on the Smithsonian Channel in the United States , where it was narrated by actor Martin Sheen , on the National Geographic Channel and Channel 4 in the United Kingdom , where it was narrated by actor Jonathan Booth , Canada , the Netherlands , Poland , Australia , Romania and Asia , on YLE Teema in Finland , on Rete 4 in Italy , on IBA , the national public channel in Israel , on RTP2 , the national public channel in Portugal , and on La 2 , the national public channel in Spain .

neg: War Wolves (film) War Wolves is a 2009 television movie that originally aired on the Syfy network on March 8 , 2009 . The film stars John Saxon and Michael Worth , who also serves as the film 's director .

neg: Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe .   Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine .   The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .

neg: American Legion (Loyalist) The American Legion was a British provincial militia unit raised for Loyalist service late in the American Revolutionary War by Benedict Arnold , the former Continental Army general who had crossed over from the Patriots to the British . The unit was composed primarily of deserters from the Continental Army . `` Legion '' was an 18th-century term for a military unit the size of a regiment , but consisting of infantry and dragoons ( cavalry ) , or infantry , dragoons , and artillery , all under one command to make it more flexible for scouting or irregular operations than a regiment , which consisted of infantry or cavalry alone .

neg: Lone Legion Brotherhood The Lone Legion Motorcycle Association is an outlaw motorcycle club which started in the USA and now has chapters located in New Zealand .   According to media and Police the club is a member of the `` A-Team '' , an alliance between several NZ biker groups including the Outcasts MC , the Epitaph Riders MC , the Forty-Fives MC , the Southern Vikings MC , Satan 's Slaves MC , Sinn MC and the Lost Breed MC .

neg: Legion of Shadows Legion of Shadows is the eighteenth album by Nox Arcana , marking their 10-year anniversary . The album was announced as a dedication to their fans , and was one of two albums that Nox Arcana released in 2013 on Halloween .   In addition to the original compositions , this album includes Vargo 's Gothic rendition of Bach 's classical piece `` Toccata and Fugue ''

neg: V for Vendetta V for Vendetta is a British graphic novel written by Alan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd ( with additional art by Tony Weare ) , published by DC Comics . Later versions were published by Vertigo , an imprint of DC Comics . The story depicts a dystopian and post-apocalyptic near-future history version of the United Kingdom in the 1990s , preceded by a nuclear war in the 1980s which had devastated most of the rest of the world . The fascist Norsefire party has exterminated its opponents in concentration camps and rules the country as a police state . The comics follow its title character and protagonist , V , an anarchist revolutionary dressed in a Guy Fawkes mask , as he begins an elaborate and theatrical revolutionist campaign to kill his former captors , bring down the fascist state and convince the people to bring about democratic government , while inspiring a young woman , Evey Hammond , to be his protégé .   Warner Bros. released a film adaptation of the same title in 2006 .

neg: Combat Shock Combat Shock is a 1986 action war drama film written and directed by Buddy Giovinazzo and distributed by Troma Entertainment .   The plot of the film takes place in Staten Island , and follows an unemployed Vietnam veteran living in total poverty with his nagging wife , his deformed baby due to Ricky having been exposed to Agent Orange that the US was spraying as a defoliant over Vietnam , and junkie friends . Unable to get a job and surrounded by the depravity of urban life and crime , he begins to lose his grip on sanity .  The film received mixed reviews when it was released . Film Threat 's Christopher Curry praised the film for its gritty realism , and Troma president Lloyd Kaufman calls it one of the company 's true `` masterpieces '' ; however , shockcinemamagazine.com called it `` one of the ugliest , nastiest , most depressing movies of the decade '' ( though the review itself was a positive one ) , and Videohound described the film as `` relentlessly bleak ... you wo n't find a more depressing film outside an art-house cinema '' .   Tagline : Fighting , killing , maiming ... Agent Orange and the torture cages were the easy part !

neg: Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor .   Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios .   In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever .   Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide .   Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole .   Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected .   In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie .   Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 .   Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .

neg: Legion of Monsters Legion of Monsters is the name of different superhero teams in Marvel Comics .

neg: Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) .   Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star .   The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .

neg: Epidemic (film) Epidemic is a Danish horror film of 1987 directed by Lars von Trier , the second installment of Trier 's Europa trilogy . The other two films in the trilogy are The Element of Crime ( 1984 ) and Europa ( 1991 ) .   Co-written by Trier and Niels Vørsel , the film focuses on the screenwriting process . Vørsel and Trier play themselves , coming up with a last-minute script for a producer . The story is inter-cut with scenes from the film they write , in which Trier plays a renegade doctor trying to cure a modern-day epidemic . The film marks the first in a series of collaborations between Trier and Udo Kier .

neg: Legio XVII Legio septima decima ( `` Seventeenth Legion '' ) was a legion of the Imperial Roman army . It was founded by Augustus around 41 BC . The legion was destroyed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ( September 9 , 9 ) . The legion 's symbol and cognomen are unknown .   This legion was probably created to deal with Sextus Pompey , the last opponent of the second triumvirate , garrisoned in Sicily and threatening Rome 's grain supply .   Following the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra in the battle of Actium ( 31 BC ) , the legion was stationed in Gaul . In the end of the 1st century BC , the Seventeenth was sent to the Germania provinces in the Rhine and was stationed in Castra Vetera ( Xanten ) . In AD 5 , the provinces were pacified and Publius Quinctilius Varus was assigned governor and commander of the Germania army .   On September 9 , Arminius , leader of the Cheruscan allies , reported a rebellion in the Rhine area . Without suspecting the information received , Varus took his three legions , the XVII along with XVIII and XIX , and headed west . On 9 September , near modern Osnabrück , the Cheruscii led by Arminius ambushed the governor 's army . All three legions were destroyed in what is known as the battle of the Teutoburg Forest and their eagle standards lost .   After its destruction , the Romans never used this legion number again .

neg: Meteor Apocalypse Meteor Apocalypse is a 2009 American science fiction film directed by Micho Rutare .

neg: Afghan Breakdown Afghan Breakdown ( Афганский излом , translit . Afganskiy Izlom ) is a 1991 war drama film about the Soviet -- Afghan War directed by Vladimir Bortko and co-produced by Italy and the Soviet Union ( Lenfilm ) . Michele Placido plays the protagonist , Major Bandura , a commander of a unit of Soviet paratroopers , co-starring with several popular Soviet actors .   The movie is still regarded by many movie critics as the best account of the war , despite newer box-office hits such as The 9th Company . Director Vladimir Bortko invited Mikhail Leshchinskiy ( a Soviet TV war reporter who worked in Afghanistan for 4.5 years ) as a co-writer and visited Kabul and Kandahar in 1988 to research on the ground . Nevertheless , according to the Russian writer and the Afghan War veteran Alexei Kozlachkov , the film lacked reliability and was ridden with technical and ideological mistakes .

neg: List of American Legion buildings This is a list of notable buildings associated with the American Legion .   Many hundreds of buildings have an association with the American Legion . This list focuses only on those significant architecturally or otherwise . It includes those documented in the National Register of Historic Places or a similar registry . Names of buildings include `` American Legion Hall '' , `` American Legion Post '' , `` Building '' , `` Hut '' , and variations . American Legion hall buildings are located throughout the United States , and perhaps in associated territories .   A number of NRHP-listed American Legion buildings were designed or built by the Civil Works Administration or the Works Progress Administration , two New Deal programs .   In the United States ( ordered by state , then city )

neg: Afghan Luke Afghan Luke is a 2011 Canadian film directed by Mike Clattenburg . The central character , Luke Benning ( Nick Stahl ) , is a journalist investigating the possible mutilation ( by Canadian snipers ) of corpses in Afghanistan , a country that appears increasingly incomprehensible and surreal as Luke undergoes a series of bizarre adventures .


query: Someone from the Massachusetts Bay Colony founded Providence, Rhode Island.

pos: Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U.S. state of Rhode Island , founded in 1636 , and one of the oldest cities in the United States . It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England , after Boston and Worcester . Providence has a city population of 179,154 ; it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts . The Providence metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,604,291 , which exceeds that of Rhode Island as a whole by about 60 % . This can be considered , in turn , to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area , which contains 7.6 million people .   Providence was founded by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony . He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' , which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle . The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay .   Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool , jewelry , and silverware industries . Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains some manufacturing activity . The city was once nicknamed the `` Beehive of Industry '' ; it began rebranding itself as the `` Creative Capital '' in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources and arts community .

neg: History of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology The history of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology can be traced back to the 1861 incorporation of the `` Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Boston Society of Natural History '' led primarily by William Barton Rogers .

neg: New Providence New Providence is the most populous island in the Bahamas , containing more than 70 % of the total population . It is the location of the national capital city of Nassau . The island was originally under Spanish control following Christopher Columbus 's discovery of the New World , but the Spanish government showed little interest in developing the island ( and the Bahamas as a whole ) . Nassau , the island 's largest city , was formerly known as Charles-town , but it was burned to the ground by the Spanish in 1684 . It was laid out and renamed Nassau in 1695 by Nicholas Trott , the most successful Lord Proprietor , in honor of the Prince of Orange-Nassau who became William III of England . The three branches of Bahamian Government : the executive , the legislative , and the judiciary , are all headquartered on New Providence . New Providence functions as the main commercial hub of the Bahamas . It is also home to more than 400 banks and trust companies , and its hotels and port account for more than two thirds of the four million-plus tourists who visit the Bahamas annually . Other settlements on New Providence include Grants Town , Bain Town , Fox Hill , Adelaide , Yamacraw , South Beach , Coral Harbour , Lyford Cay , Paradise Island , Sea Breeze , Centreville , The Grove ( South ) and The Grove ( West Bay ) , Cable Beach , Delaporte , Gambier , and Love Beach .

neg: Carpenter's shed on Gardiners Island A carpenter 's shed built in 1639 , on Gardiners Island in New York is possibly the oldest surviving wooden structure built in New York and was reportedly built when Lion Gardiner first settled on the island .   Gardiner 's Island has been owned by the same family for nearly 400 years and is the only American real estate still intact as part of an original royal grant from the English Crown .   In 1639 , the island was settled by Lion Gardiner from a grant by Charles I as the first colonial English settlement in present-day New York state . The island was originally in its own jurisdiction affiliated with neither New York nor New England . Lion Gardiner reportedly purchased the island in 1639 from the Montaukett Indians for `` a large black dog , some powder and shot , and a few Dutch blankets . '' The Indians called the island Manchonake , while Gardiner initially called it Isle of Wight , because it reminded him of the Isle of Wight in England . The Montauketts gave Gardiner title at least in part because of his support for them in the Pequot War .   The original 1639 royal patent gave Gardiner the `` right to possess the land forever '' with the island being declared a proprietary colony with the Gardiners getting the title of Lord of the Manor and thus able to establish laws for the island .

neg: Edward Hutchinson (captain) Edward Hutchinson ( 1613 -- 1675 ) ( sometimes referred to as junior to differentiate him from his uncle ) was the oldest child of Massachusetts and Rhode Island magistrate William Hutchinson and his wife , the dissident minister Anne Hutchinson . He is noted for making peace with the authorities following his mother 's banishment from Massachusetts during the Antinomian Controversy , returning to Boston , and ultimately dying in the service of the colony that had treated his family so harshly .   Born in Alford , in eastern England , Hutchinson sailed to New England at the age of 20 , a year ahead of the remainder of his family . Following the events of the Antinomian Controversy , he , his father , and his uncle Edward were among 23 signers of a compact for a new government which they soon established at Portsmouth on Rhode Island . Young Hutchinson only remained there a short while , and had returned to Boston to occupy the family house . Here he had 11 children with two wives .   He became a charter member of the Military Company of Massachusetts ( today known as the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts in 1638 and became its lieutenant ( second in command ) in 1654 . He was elected the Company 's captain ( commanding officer ) in 1657 and served a one-year term .   He also served as a Deputy to the General Court in 1658 , and in this capacity voiced his opposition to the persecution of the Quakers that took place in the late 1650s .   During King Phillips War , in 1675 , Captain Hutchinson and Captain Thomas Wheeler were given an assignment to negotiate with the Nipmuck Indians to keep them out of the war . While searching for the tribal chief , Muttawmp , the two captains , with a company of men , were ambushed , and both were wounded . Two weeks later Hutchinson died from his wounds , and was interred in a cemetery in Marlborough , Massachusetts .   Hutchinson is the ancestor of three United States presidents , as well as the loyalist governor of Massachusetts , Thomas Hutchinson .

neg: John Mason (governor) Captain John Mason ( 1586 -- 1635 ) was a sailor and colonizer born at King 's Lynn , Norfolk , England , and educated at Peterhouse , Cambridge . He was appointed the second Proprietary Governor of Newfoundland 's Cuper 's Cove colony in 1615 , succeeding John Guy . Mason arrived on the island in 1616 and explored much of the territory . He compiled a map of the island and wrote and published a short tract ( or `` Discourse '' ) of his findings .   Mason drew up the first known English map of the island of Newfoundland . Published in William Vaughan 's Cambrensium Caroleia in 1625 , the map included previously established placenames as well as new ones such as Bristol 's Hope and Butter Pots , near Renews . His tract entitled A Briefe Discourse of the New-Found-Land with the situation , temperature , and commodities thereof , inciting our nation to go forward in the hopefull plantation begunne , was published in 1620 by Mason while in England .   In 1620 King James I 's Privy Council issued Mason a commission and provided him with a ship to suppress piracy in Newfoundland . Mason ceased to be Cuper 's Cove governor in 1621 and apparently he was not replaced , although the settlement continued to be occupied throughout the seventeenth century .   Upon returning to England , Mason consulted with Sir William Alexander about possibly colonizing Nova Scotia . In 1622 , Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges received a patent from the Council for New England for all the territory lying between the Merrimack and Kennebec rivers . In 1629 they divided the grant along the Piscataqua River , with Mason receiving the southern portion . The colony was recharted as the Province of New Hampshire . It included most of the southeastern part of the current state of New Hampshire , as well as portions of present-day Massachusetts north of the Merrimack .   Although Mason never set foot in New England , he was appointed first vice-admiral of New England in 1635 . He died that same year while preparing for his first voyage to the new colony .

neg: Trustee Georgia Trustee Georgia is the name of the period covering the first twenty years of Georgia history , from 1732 -- 1752 , because during that time the English Province of Georgia was governed by a Board of Trustees . England 's King George II , for whom the colony was named , signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board on July 7 , 1732 . His action culminated a lengthy process .   The charter was granted to the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America , a group formed by James Oglethorpe . Oglethorpe envisioned the province as a location for the resettlement of English debtors and `` the worthy poor '' , although few debtors were part of the organized settlement of Georgia . Another motivation for the founding of the colony was to create a `` buffer state '' ( border ) , or `` garrison province '' that would defend the southern part of the British colonies from Spanish Florida and French Mississippi . Oglethorpe envisioned a province populated largely by yeoman farmers who would secure the southern frontier of British America ; because of this , as well as on moral grounds , the colony 's regulations prohibited slavery .   Oglethorpe 's plan for settlement ( now known as the Oglethorpe Plan ) was founded on eighteenth-century country party philosophy and drew from principles of Roman colonial town design .

neg: Restoration colony A restoration colony was one of a number of land grants in North America given by King Charles II of England in the later half of the 17th century , ostensibly as a reward to his supporters in the Stuart Restoration . The grants marked the resumption of English colonization of the Americas after a 30-year hiatus . The two major restoration colonies were the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of Carolina . The founding of the Carolinas is described thusly :   In 1663 , three years after he was restored to his father 's throne , England 's Charles II granted a vast territory named Carolina to a group of supporters during his years of exile . Its boundaries extended from Virginia southward to central Florida and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean . Within this potential empire , eight London-based proprietors , including several involved in Barbados sugar plantations , gained governmental powers and semifeudal rights to the land . The system of governance planned for Carolina had both feudal and modern features . To lure settlers , the proprietors promised religious freedom and offered land free for the asking . But onto this generous land offer they grafted a scheme for a semimedieval government in which they , their deputies , and a few noblemen would monopolize political power . Reacting to a generation of revolutionary turbulence in England , they designed Carolina as a model of social and political stability in which a hereditary aristocracy would check boisterous small landholders .   The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and Connecticut Colony were given their formal charters and Rhode Island even honored the King with King 's Province ( what has since been renamed Washington County , Rhode Island ) .

neg: The Boston Associates The Boston Associates was a term created by historian Vera Shlakmen in Economic History of a Factory Town , A Study of Chicopee , Massachusetts ( 1935 ) to describe a loosely linked group of investors . They included Nathan Appleton , Patrick Tracy Jackson , Abbott Lawrence , and Amos Lawrence , often related directly or through marriage , they were based in Boston , Massachusetts . By 1845 , there were 31 textile companies -- located in Massachusetts , New Hampshire , and southern Maine -- produced one-fifth of all cotton and wool textiles in the United States . With the capital earned through these mills , they invested in railroads , especially the Boston and Lowell . These railroads helped transport the cotton from warehouses to factories . These Boston-based investors established banks -- such as the Suffolk Bank -- and invested in others . In time , they controlled 40 % of banking capital in Boston , 40 % of all insurance capital in Massachusetts , and 30 % of Massachusetts ' railroads . Tens of thousands of New Englanders received employment from these investors , working in any one of the hundreds of their mills .   Mill locations established or improved by the Boston Associates :  Waltham , Massachusetts ( 1813 )  Lowell , Massachusetts ( 1822 )  Manchester , New Hampshire ( 1825 )  Saco , Maine ( 1831 )  Nashua , New Hampshire ( 1836 )  Dover , New Hampshire ( 1836 )  Chicopee , Massachusetts ( 1838 )  Lawrence , Massachusetts ( 1845 )  Holyoke , Massachusetts ( 1847 )

neg: Henry Bull (governor) Henry Bull ( 1610 -- 1694 ) was an early colonial Governor of Rhode Island , serving for two separate terms , one before and one after the tenure of Edmund Andros under the Dominion of New England . Sailing from England as a young man , Bull first settled in Roxbury in the Massachusetts Bay Colony , but soon became a follower of the dissident ministers John Wheelwright and Anne Hutchinson , and was excommunicated from the Roxbury church . With many other followers of Hutchinson , he signed the Portsmouth Compact , and settled on Aquidneck Island in the Narragansett Bay . Within a year of arriving there , he and others followed William Coddington to the south end of the island where they established the town of Newport .   Bull was a corporal and sergeant on the island , and kept the prison for the colony . He also built a house shortly after his arrival that continued to stand in Newport for nearly three centuries , until destroyed by fire . Late in life , Bull became active in the service of the colony , fulfilling roles as commissioner , deputy , and assistant . In 1685 , during a chaotic period in Rhode Island 's history when the colony was being accused of irregularities , and its charter was being threatened under a new King , the 75-year-old Henry Bull stepped into the office of governor , serving for a year . Soon after he left office , Edmund Andros was appointed royal governor of all the New England colonies , remaining in this position for three years , until another change in England 's monarchy resulted in Rhode Island 's return to its former charter . Uncertainty prevailed in the colony , and two other individuals refused to serve as governor , until Bull , as an octogenarian , once again assumed the governorship in 1690 , returning Rhode Island to its previous form of government under its charter .   Considered to be as fearless as he was honest , Bull was elected to the highest position in the gift of the colony , despite the fact that he could not sign his name ( he used a mark for his signature in the Portsmouth Compact ) . He became a Quaker after his arrival in the Rhode Island colony , and , following a long life , was buried in the Coddington Cemetery in Newport where several other Quaker governors of the colony were also interred .

neg: Culture of New England The culture of New England comprises a shared heritage and culture primarily shaped by its indigenous peoples , early English colonists , and waves of immigration from Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas . In contrast to other American regions , many of New England 's earliest Puritan settlers came from eastern England , contributing to New England 's distinctive accents , foods , customs , and social structures .

neg: Makonikey Makonikey is a rural neighborhood on Martha 's Vineyard , Massachusetts , that lies on the border of Tisbury ( also known as Vineyard Haven ) and West Tisbury . The Tisbury section is called Lower Makonikey , and the West Tisbury section is called Upper Makonikey . The neighborhood lies between Lambert 's Cove Road and the Vineyard Sound , near Makonikey Point . It is a 5 - to 10-minute drive from the center of Vineyard Haven .   The neighborhood is named after Makonikey point . It is referred to in 18th-century records variously as `` Conaconaket '' and `` Nowconaca '' and `` Necorneca '' , corruptions of the Wampanoag term for `` old land '' or `` ancient place . ''   In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , Makonikey was known for its grand hotel , long since torn down .   Today the area is semi-rural , with houses generally located on lots of greater than 3 acre . The general feeling is that of `` Up Island '' even though the location is right on the edge of `` Down Island '' . The winding dirt roads through the woods can be quite confusing , and are not properly marked either on maps or GPS - many of the roads listed are in fact `` paper '' roads , and still forested . As a result , most residents have affixed signs to direct visitors and delivery people to their houses ( car GPS and online mapping services have not historically accurately mapped the area , but Google Maps has recently been updated with an accurate map of the area ) . These signs are usually in the form of some local animal or object , and are still the easiest way of finding most of the houses .   Like the majority of Martha 's Vineyard housing stock , most of the houses in Makonikey are used as summer residences . Lower Makonikey has more year-round residents , and is considered one of the more desirable neighborhoods in Vineyard Haven , as the houses and lots tend to be larger than usual for that town , combined with waterviews and beach access ( this is generally true of the neighborhoods in Vineyard Haven between Lamberts Cove Road and the Vineyard Sound , Northern Pines , Pilot Hill , and Lower Makonikey )   Lower Makonikey and Upper Makonikey are the subject of 2 separate associations , the Lower Makonikey Corporation and the Upper Makonikey Trust . The associations ' main duties are road and beach maintenance . Beach access is private , like many other beaches in Massachusetts .

neg: Bevis (ship) The Bevis , also known as the Bevis of Hampton was a ship that brought `` Emigrants '' from England to New England in 1638 at a time when thousands of Puritans left England seeking freedom of religious practice . The ship master was named Robert Batten . One voyage carried 61 settlers from Southampton , England , leaving on 16 May 1638 , to `` Newengland '' , all one word . The ship 's destinations included : Newbury , Weymouth , Wells , Maine , Newport , Salisbury , and Charlestown .   The passengers on the Bevis were mostly Puritans , leaving England for the New World driven by the quest for religious freedom at a time when England was moving toward ardent Catholicism . Scholar David B. Gracy , II , notes that some in the hierarchy of the King of England noticed the Bevis was almost entirely composed of Puritans and agents of the Kingdom sought to prevent the ship from setting sail in May 1638 , but alas failed to prevent the sailing .   The burthen ( weight bearing capacity ) of the Bevis was 150 tons . The goods were loaded on 12 May 1638 . The shippers of the goods were Richard Dumer & Co. . Henry Byles & Co. .   A noteworthy passenger on the Bevis was Richard Austin , whose descendants of the same surname name would include Moses Austin , Stephen F. Austin , and Emily Austin Perry who collectively are credited with settling the State of Texas .

neg: Roger Williams Park Museum of Natural History and Planetarium Roger Williams Park Museum of Natural History and Planetarium is a natural history museum and planetarium within Roger Williams Park in Providence , Rhode Island .

neg: Edmund Quincy (1602–1636) Col. Edmund Quincy I ( 1602 -- 1636 ) , known as `` the Puritan '' , was an English settler , soldier , colonist , planter , landowner , merchant , and politician of Massachusetts Bay Colony in what later became the United States . He is notable as the progenitor of the prestigious Quincy family .

neg: Trinity Church (Newport, Rhode Island) Trinity Church , on Queen Anne Square in Newport , Rhode Island , is a historic parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island . Founded in 1698 , it is the oldest Episcopal parish in the state . The current Georgian building was designed by architect Richard Munday and constructed in 1725 -- 26 . It is a National Historic Landmark .

neg: Joseph Wanton Jr. Joseph Wanton Jr. ( 1730 -- 1780 ) was a Loyalist , merchant , Deputy Governor of Rhode Island in 1764 and 1767 and owner of Hunter House in Newport , Rhode Island .   Wanton was born to Governor Joseph Wanton and Mary Winthrop Wanton of Newport on February 8 , 1730 . Wanton graduated from Harvard University in 1751 and was involved with privateers during the French and Indian War possibly where he attained the title of colonel . Wanton 's first wife Abigail Honeyman , by whom he had 7 children , died in 1771 . Wanton served as a vestryman at Trinity Church ( Newport ) . Wanton was elected Deputy Governor of Rhode Island in 1764 and 1767 .   Wanton was a loyalist during the American Revolution and was accused of treason and imprisoned by Rhode Island General William West while the British occupied Narragansett Bay in 1776 . When the British occupied Newport , he raised troops for the Loyalist cause . In 1780 Wanton 's property ( Hunter House ) was confiscated , and he fled Newport when the Americans reoccupied the city . Wanton likely died in New York in 1780 after fleeing there with the British . In 1781 his widow Sarah Brenton Wanton ( his second wife whom he married in 1775 ) unsuccessfully petitioned the State of Rhode Island to return of the confiscated Wanton properties in Newport , Jamestown , Prudence Island , and Gould Island .   Some genealogists speculate that Wanton became an Episcopal minister near Liverpool , England , although this seems inconsistent with other information about his life , including the 1780 burial record of one Col. Wanton in the churchyard at Trinity Wall Street Church , Manhattan . It is more likely that it was Joseph and Sarah 's son ; Joseph Brenton Wanton who went to Trinity College , Cambridge in October 1795 , aged 18 ; and later became a minister in Liverpool , England .   Joseph Brenton Wanton ( JBW ) was Joseph Wanton and Sarah Brenton 's only child . Sarah Brenton Wanton remarried in 1784 , to William Atherton ` Esquire of Jamaica ' in Trinity Church , Newport , RI . William Atherton owned Green Park Plantation in Trelawney , Jamaica and Spring Vale Pen Plantation in St James , Jamaica . Sarah died in July 1787 and was buried in Clifton Burying Ground , Newport . It is recorded in Trinity Church Archives that ` He -LSB- William Atherton -RSB- immediately after her -LSB- Sarah 's -RSB- death disposed of his household goods and went to England , where he had a tablet prepared , and had it set up in the church -LSB- Trinity Church , Rhode Island -RSB- in Nov. 1788 . ' In England , he bought Prescot Hall outside Liverpool . He apparently took his step-son , Joseph Brenton Wanton with him , who was registered in Manchester Grammar School . and appears in Cambridge University Alumni as ` Joseph Brenton WAUTON , son of Joseph , Governor of Rhode Island ' , having been to Manchester & Macclesfield Schools , ` where it states that the name was originally WANTON ' . All Joseph Brenton Wanton 's children were called WAUTON although in his Will of 1841 , he signs as ` Joseph Brenton WANTON ' . This seems to be when the name for this branch of the family was changed . In 1803 he married Mary Weston , daughter of a tanner from Halewood , Liverpool , and had 4 children , the two sons went to Cambridge and became ministers in the Church of England . JBW was a minister in the Church of England but retired through ill-health in 1819 , living in Liverpool , the Isle of Man and Cheshire . He died in 1853 .

neg: Ponkapoag Ponkapoag -LSB- ˈpɒŋkəpɔːɡ -RSB- , also Punkapaug , Punkapoag , or Punkapog , is the name of a Native American `` praying town '' settled in the western Blue Hills area of eastern Massachusetts during the colonization of the Atlantic seaboard of the United States by settlers from Britain in the 17th century . It is the name given to the winter residence ( and subsequently to the tribe ) of the group of Massachusett who lived at the mouth of the Neponset River in summer . Ponkapoag is now contained almost entirely by the town of Canton , Massachusetts .   Ponkapoag Plantation was established in 1657 as a 6000 acre town parcel formed from Dorchester , Massachusetts Bay Colony . It was the second Christianized native settlement , or `` Praying Town '' in Massachusetts , after Natick was established in 1651 . In 1654 members of the Nemasket Tribe located in the village of Cohannet in current day Bristol County were among the first Native Americans relocated as part of King Philip 's War to Ponkapoag .   The name is derived from a nearby pond 1 mi south of Great Blue Hill ; Ponkapoag means `` shallow pond '' or `` a spring that bubbles from red soil '' .   The Massachusett ( punkapoags ) still live within their territory today .

neg: Arnold Burying Ground Arnold Burying Ground ( also known as the Governor Arnold Burying Ground ) is a historic cemetery on Pelham Street just east of Spring Street in Newport , Rhode Island . It is the burial place of Benedict Arnold , Rhode Island 's first governor under the Royal Charter of 1663 .

neg: Oath of a Freeman The `` Oath of a Freeman '' was a loyalty oath drawn up in the early 17th century , to be taken by freemen of the Plymouth Colony , in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ; a freeman was any established member of a colony who was not under legal restraint . The Oath was a vow to defend the Commonwealth , and not to conspire to overthrow the government . It was first written in 1631 , and revised in 1634 . Original copies survive only in a handwritten copy from 1634 and in a later printed version from 1647 . Stephen Daye made a broadside printing of the document in 1639 , but it is now lost .

neg: Mount Hope Bay Mount Hope Bay is a tidal estuary located at the mouth of the Taunton River on the Massachusetts and Rhode Island border . It is an arm of Narragansett Bay . The bay is named after Mount Hope , a small hill located on its western shore in what is now Bristol , Rhode Island . It flows into the East Passage of Narragansett Bay and also the Sakonnet River . Mount Hope Bay has played an important role to the history of the area , from pre-colonial times to the present . While many years of sewage and industrial pollution have severely degraded the quality of the shallow waters of the bay , there are currently major efforts underway to clean up and restore it .