query: IO Theater is a place where people train.

pos: IO Theater iO , or iO Chicago , ( formerly known as `` ImprovOlympic '' ) is an improv theater and training center in central Chicago , with a branch in Los Angeles called iO West . The theater both teaches and hosts performances of improvisational comedy . It was founded in 1981 by the late Del Close and Charna Halpern . The theater has many notable alumni , including Amy Poehler and Stephen Colbert .

neg: Improvisational theatre Improvisational theatre , often called improv or impro , is the form of theatre , often comedy , in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted : created spontaneously by the performers . In its purest form , the dialogue , action , story , and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time , without use of an already prepared , written script .   Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances . It is sometimes used in film and television , both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product .   Improvisational techniques are often used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage , film , and television and can be an important part of the rehearsal process . However , the skills and processes of improvisation are also used outside of the context of performing arts . It is used in classrooms as an educational tool and in businesses as a way to develop communication skills , creative problem solving , and supportive team-work abilities that are used by improvisational , ensemble players . It is sometimes used in psychotherapy as a tool to gain insight into a person 's thoughts , feelings , and relationships .

neg: Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers .   Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection .   In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate .   The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) .   One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk .   The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .

neg: Stage Right! Stage Right ! is a professional theatre company and performing arts school located in Greensburg , Pennsylvania . Established in 1998 as an organization for young people to take classes in musical theatre by Chris Rizk , Stage Right ! also became a professional theatre company in 1999 , established by artistic director Anthony Marino , Rizk 's brother . The company produces a full season of musicals , utilizing professional actors from the Pittsburgh theatre scene as well as students from their classes .   In spring 2013 , Stage Right moved its studio a few blocks to a larger space at 105 W Fourth Street , Greensburg .   The season is supplemented with many other opportunities to utilize the talents of the students , including an `` all-county musical '' featuring students from local high school theatre programs , children 's plays , summer camp productions , and Books Come Alive ! , a series of adaptations of children 's books performed at libraries throughout the area . The company is also notable for its annual production of The Rocky Horror Show every Halloween . Many of Stage Right ! 's students have had success in Pittsburgh Public Theater 's Shakespeare Monologue and Scene Contest , as well as going on to well-respected college theatre programs such as Carnegie Mellon University , Point Park University , New York University , Seton Hill University , Syracuse University , and Shenandoah University . Stage Right ! alums have also had success in professional theatre , working in such venues as York Theatre , Off the Wall Productions , Bricolage Production Company , Pittsburgh Irish and Classical Theatre , Prime Stage Theatre , Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera , Pittsburgh Musical Theater , St. Vincent Summer Theatre , City Theatre , Terra Nova Theatre Group , MCC Theater , and 12 Peers Theater , as well as having had their work featured in the Pittsburgh New Works Festival .

neg: Live Action Set Live Action Set is a physical theater performance company based in Minneapolis , Minnesota . Its artistic mission is to create visually poetic , wildly imaginative , and accessible performance experiences that harness the indefinable power of the human spirit . It does so primarily by focusing on ensemble-created new work and draws from the worlds of dance , drama , music , mime , clowning and visual theater . The company is committed to creating original , ensemble-driven performances that dissolve boundaries between artistic disciplines .   Founded in 2003 , Live Action Set has earned great critical praise and become one of the most influential experimental theatre companies in the Twin Cities . The company 's productions have been widely hailed as `` courageous '' , `` beautiful '' and `` daring . '' Their first standout production , Please Do n't Blow Up Mr. Boban , was the top-selling show at the 2005 Minnesota Fringe Festival . In 2011 , their original production about myths re-envisioned in the Old West , The 7-Shot Symphony , received an Ivey Award for Overall Excellence .

neg: Salle du Manège The indoor riding academy called the Salle du Manège ( -LSB- sal dy manɛʒ -RSB- ) was the seat of deliberations during most of the French Revolution , from 1789 to 1798 .   Before the revolution , the Salle du Manège ( `` Riding Hall '' ) , situated along the north end of the Tuileries Gardens to the west of the Tuileries Palace in Paris , was home to the royal equestrian academy . Built during the minority of Louis XV , when it lay conveniently close to the Regent 's Palais Royal , it was allowed to pass afterwards from hand to hand as the site of privately conducted riding schools , though it was never formally sold .   On 9 November 1789 the National Constituent Assembly , formerly the Estates-General of 1789 , moved its deliberations from Versailles to the Tuileries in pursuit of Louis XVI of France and installed itself in the Salle du Manège on the palace grounds . Having nationalised the goods of the Church , the Assemblée nationale , requiring more space than the Manège alone could provide , extended its occupation to two adjacent convents , those of the Capuchins , which soon housed the Revolutionary printing presses in its former refectory , and of the Feuillants , whose handsome library received the archives of the Assemblée .   The proportions of the Salle du Manège , ten times as long as it was wide , offered poor acoustics for the debates that went on continually under its high vaults . Six tiers of banquettes permitted space for the deputies , ranged on either side of the central tribune , initially planned for the orators ' podium . Seated together for solidarity , the deputies seated themselves according to their political opinions , to right and to left of the president 's desk , The Mountain and the Girondins , with The Plain seated in the lowest rank of banquettes , from which they were wont to cross to the opposite side , as their opinions dictated . The public found places to witness the spectacle at either end of the hall and in the loge seats above .   In 1792 the Salle du Manège became the venue for the National Convention . In 1795 under the French Directory , the Council of 500 sat in the structure until the body moved to the Palais-Bourbon in 1798 . In 1799 , the Jacobin Club du Manège had its headquarters there .   It would seem that 19th century references to the art of `` manège , '' to describe a style of equestrian riding , derive from here . A March 1847 edition of The Illustrated London News described a performance of Pablo Fanque , the 19th century equestrian and circus performer thus : `` This extraordinary feat of the manège has proved very attractive , as we anticipated in our Journal of last week ; and we have judged the success worthy of graphic commemoration ... '' Further , the paper said , `` Mr. Pablo has trained his black mare to do the most extraordinary feats of the manege , an art hitherto considered to belong only to the French and German professors of equitation , and her style certainly far exceeds anything that has ever yet been brought from the Continent . ''

neg: Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space .   A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre .   Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals .   While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .

neg: Psychotechnique Psychotechnique forms part of the ` system ' of actor training , preparation , and rehearsal developed by the Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski . It describes the inner , psychological elements of training that support what he called `` experiencing '' a role in performance . In a rehearsal process , psychotechnique is interrelated with the `` embodiment '' of the role , in order to achieve a fully realised characterisation . Stanislavski describes the elements of psychotechnique in the first part of his manual An Actor 's Work .

neg: Revolving auditorium A revolving auditorium is a mechanically controlled seating area within a theatre which can be rotated in order to manipulate the change of scenery and stage sets during the performance . Revolving auditoriums are favoured by open-air theatres in particular , because they are ideally suited for the use of natural scenery as an integral part of the set .   The first revolving auditoriums in Europe were built in 1959 in Finland and the Czech Republic ( then Czechoslovakia ) , respectively . The auditorium in Pyynikin Kesäteatteri , Tampere , was the first of its kind to be powered by electrical machinery , whereas the auditorium in the old Baroque Castle Gardens in Český Krumlov , South Bohemia , required 40 people to power its movements . At the time of its construction , Celtworld contained the largest revolving auditorium in Europe .

neg: Institut del Teatre The Theatre Institute ( Institut del Teatre in Catalan ) is a public institution dedicated to training in the performing arts , classical dance , contemporary and Spanish as well as in theater , film , choreography , etc. .  It was created in 1913 in Barcelona by Adrià Gual . It belongs to the Province of Barcelona and aims to teaching the performing arts , the organization of congresses , conferences , exhibitions , and research of any form of performing arts . It is currently led by Jordi Font .

neg: Lecture A lecture ( from the French ` lecture ' , meaning ` reading ' -LSB- process -RSB- ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject , for example by a university or college teacher . Lectures are used to convey critical information , history , background , theories , and equations . A politician 's speech , a minister 's sermon , or even a businessman 's sales presentation may be similar in form to a lecture . Usually the lecturer will stand at the front of the room and recite information relevant to the lecture 's content .   Though lectures are much criticised as a teaching method , universities have not yet found practical alternative teaching methods for the large majority of their courses . Critics point out that lecturing is mainly a one-way method of communication that does not involve significant audience participation but relies upon passive learning . Therefore , lecturing is often contrasted to active learning . Lectures delivered by talented speakers can be highly stimulating ; at the very least , lectures have survived in academia as a quick , cheap , and efficient way of introducing large numbers of students to a particular field of study .   Lectures have a significant role outside the classroom , as well . Academic and scientific awards routinely include a lecture as part of the honor , and academic conferences often center on `` keynote addresses '' , i.e. , lectures . The public lecture has a long history in the sciences and in social movements . Union halls , for instance , historically have hosted numerous free and public lectures on a wide variety of matters . Similarly , churches , community centers , libraries , museums , and other organizations have hosted lectures in furtherance of their missions or their constituents ' interests . Lectures represent a continuation of oral tradition in contrast to textual communication in books and other media . Lectures may be considered a type of grey literature .

neg: List of concert halls A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage which serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats . While early halls built in the 18th and 19th century were designed for classical orchestra , concerto and opera concerts and ballet performances , halls built in the 20th and 21st century were often built to accommodate a wider range of performance types , including musicals . In the 2010s , popular music such as rock music and traditional music such as folk music are also performed in these venues . Many concert halls exist as one of several halls or performance spaces within a larger performing arts center . In many towns , the concert hall is combined with a convention center . Concert halls typically also contain orchestral rehearsal rooms . Many larger cities have both public and private concert halls . Particularly in smaller cities with fewer alternative venues , concert halls may also be used to accommodate other activities , from theatrical performances to academic presentations and university graduation ceremonies .   This list does not include other venues such as sports stadia , dramatic theatres or convention centres which may occasionally be used for concerts .   The list is organised alphabetically by geo-political region or continent and then by country within each region .

neg: Black light theatre Black Light Theatre ( in Czech černé divadlo ) or simply Black Theatre , is a theatrical performance style characterized by the use of black box theatre augmented by black light illusion . This form of theatre originated from Asia and can be found in many places around the world . It has become a speciality of Prague , where many theatres use it .   The distinctive characteristics of `` black theatre '' are the use of black curtains , a darkened stage , and `` black lighting '' ( UV light ) , paired with fluorescent costumes in order to create intricate visual illusions . This `` black cabinet '' technique was used by Georges Méliès , and by theatre revolutionary Konstantin Stanislavski ( especially in his production of Cain ) . The technique , paired with the expressive artistry of dance , mime and acrobatics of the performers is able to create remarkable spectacles .

neg: Professional performances Professional performances , as opposed to amateur performances , are those in which performers receive payment for their performances . Professional performances are engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional actor is someone who derives income by participating in professional performances . A professional theatre company auditions actors to perform in their professional theatre . The company sells tickets ; actors receive payment for their performances . This is the same for musicians , dancers , comedians . Also see : professional sports .   A professional performer is a person in a profession that requires certain types of skilled work requiring formal training or education . In western nations , such as the United States , the term commonly describes highly educated , salaried workers , who enjoy considerable work autonomy , economic security , a comfortable salary , and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional athlete is someone who derives income by participating in competitive sports . Sometimes also called `` commercial grade '' .

neg: The San Francisco Improv Alliance Started in 2005 by Shaun Landry , artistic director of Oui Be Negroes , The San Francisco Improv Alliance is a group of actors dedicated to Improvisational Theater . The Alliance offers performance opportunities to upcoming ensembles , stages self-produced shows , co-production of pre-established ensembles , master class workshops and national ensembles and community outreach in the field of improvisational theatre .   The San Francisco Improv Talent Pool also offers improvisational actors a chance at paying work in the craft of improvisational theater through educational , corporate , film , radio and television events .   In 2007 the Alliance has expanded out its community resources to improvisers with the city of San Francisco , The County of Alameda for work with The San Francisco Family Festival and Public Service Announcements for The Department of Public Health , providing talented improvisers for these worthy organizations .   The Alliance has also doubled its corporate and film bookings in 2007 with major institutions including Major League Baseball .   The Improv Alliance is also the producer of The San Francisco Improv Festival . Beginning in 2003 ( with improviser Sam Shaw ) , the SFIF has had thousands of audience members attend improvisational theater and learn from master class teachers including Mick Napier , David Razowsky , and Ian Roberts . It is one of the few improvisational Theater Festivals that pays its ensembles to perform . Starting as a 12-week event , The festival now runs over a seven-week span , making it still `` The Longest Running Improv Festival in the Country '' .   Sam Shaw left the San Francisco Improv Festival in June 2005 giving all rights and entities to the business of The San Francisco Improv Festival ( SFIF ) to Landry . In 2007 , Clay Robeson and Hans Summers are now Associate Producers along with Ms. Landry .

neg: Practice firm A practice firm ( also known as a practice enterprise , or virtual company ) is a simulated company that is run like a real business , simulating a normal company 's business procedures , products and services , and resembles a real company in its form , organization and function . Practice firms trade with each other in a virtual market ; their actions are however legally void . Practice firms are organised nationally and internationally , and take part in trade fairs for practice firms . There are around 5000 practice firms in Europe , and at least 2500 outside Europe . Practice firms are often supported by government programs , and usually aim to provide vocational training over a period of around six months , without providing certificates of achievement . Virtual capital , as well as virtual government services , taxes and regulatory organisations , are provided by the network to which the practice firm belongs .   Practice firms provide a means for unemployed people to upgrade their skills , widen their network of contacts , and maintain the dignity associated with the appearance of gainful employment . A practice firm is organised and operated by trainees , with a facilitator acting as a coach . Practice firms are also often supported by `` mentor companies '' who provide guidance and technical information .

neg: Metropolis Theatre (Bronx, New York) Metropolis Theatre opened as a legitimate theater venue with 1,600 seats in 1893 . It was converted to show motion pictures by 1914 as competition from the Bronx Opera House ( 1913 ) took hold . It was in the southwest of the area known as the Hub .   The Metropolis closed in 1926 and Loews used it for storage of the chains scenery , curtains , and draperies used in vaudeville and stage shows ( until they were phased out ) as well as for a shop that produced the signs and posters displayed at the chain 's theaters . It was mostly demolished in the 1940s , leaving behind only facade . It was located at the corner of Third Avenue and 142nd Street .   The Spirit of the Times reported on the new theater , the only one above 125th Street in an area made newly accessible by elevated , cable , and trolley cars , in its September 4 , 1897 issue noting it was managed by Mortimer Theiss with a Klaw & Erlanger company performing In Gay New York The theatre was decorated in `` very rich and very artistic '' green , gold , and pink . It had a proscenium arch adorned with a picture `` of '' Giovanni a depicting `` a group of maids and lads dancing to sylvan pipes and capturing kisses '' . The image was said to have exhibited at the Paris Salon .   According to John McNamara , performers at the theater included Francis X. Bushman , Leo Dietrichstein , Clara Kimball Young and Pat Rooney . He wrote that the theatre basement was a Rathskeller while on top of the building there was a roof garden .   Robert W. Snyder 's The Voice of the City : Vaudeville and Popular Culture in New York gives a brief history of the Metropolis on page 94 , stating that Loew 's never operated the Metropolis as a theater and previous owners hosted vaudeville , films , Italian stage shows , and finally burlesque ( precipitating a shut down by the police in 1926 ) .

neg: Scuola del Teatro Stabile di Torino The Scuola del Teatro Stabile di Torino , located in Turin , Italy , is a Performing Arts Academy which was founded in 1955 by Italian director Luca Ronconi . Teatro Stabile di Torino ( Union of the Theatres of Europe ) is recognized as one of the most prestigious Performing Arts Academies around Europe .   Since its early foundation , the Academy has distinguished itself as a national reference center for traditional theatrical heritage , experimentation and research . With the advent of arts and music reform , the Academy became part of the sector level Higher Education in Art and Music ( AFAM ) , established by Law No. 508 of 21 December 1999 .   The academic year begins in October and ends in June . The coursework is intensive , requiring motivation and commitment . It includes lessons , exercises and testing , ten hours per day , six days a week . The two main courses , directing and acting , both approach the interpretation of dramatic text using theoretical , critical , technical and artistic analysis . The prestige of the Academy has been firmly established through the participation of important figures in the dramatic arts , who contribute to lesson programs , seminars , special courses and meetings . This allows the film and theater students to make distinctions between the teaching and professional work . Academic activities are presented to the public with the production of approximately two events per year , produced with the students , supported and directed by renowned professionals , including technical staff in set , costume , and lighting design .   The Academy provides training in dramatic theater and the Italian cinema , and is structured in three stages . After completing the three-year program , students are granted a diploma equivalent to a university degree .   Category : Art schools in Italy  Category : Schools of the performing arts  Category : Schools in Turin  Category :1955 establishments in Italy

neg: Hippodrome State Theatre The Hippodrome Theatre ( often referred to by residents as the Hipp ) is a regional professional theatre in downtown Gainesville , Florida , United States . It was founded in 1973 by local actors . The address is 25 Southeast 2nd Place .   The interior is in good condition , maintaining much of the original walls , doors and beams from its post office and courthouse era . It is a relatively small location , with a 268-seat thrust stage main stage theater on the second floor and 80-seat cinema space on the first floor . The Hippodrome building also has one of the oldest working elevators in Florida which requires the operator to manually close the screen , the door , and then pull a crank to operate .   The Hippodrome uses professional actors and has its own set designers , costume designers , sound engineers and lighting engineers for each of its main stage productions . It also provides youth theater education classes . The Hippodrome features Broadway and off Broadway productions and art house films .   The Hippodrome provides arts education for all ages , including classes & camps , in-school programs , workshops and behind-the-scenes opportunities for adults .

neg: Stagecraft Stagecraft is the technical aspect of theatrical , film , and video production . It includes constructing and rigging scenery ; hanging and focusing of lighting ; design and procurement of costumes ; make-up ; stage management ; audio engineering ; and procurement of props . Stagecraft is distinct from the wider umbrella term of scenography . Considered a technical rather than an artistic field , it is primarily the practical implementation of a scenic designer 's artistic vision .   In its most basic form , stagecraft may be executed by a single person ( often the stage manager of a smaller production ) who arranges all scenery , costumes , lighting , and sound , and organizes the cast . Regional theatres and larger community theatres will generally have a technical director and a complement of designers , each of whom has a direct hand in their respective designs .  Within significantly larger productions , for example a modern Broadway show , effectively bringing a show to opening night requires the work of skilled carpenters , painters , electricians , stagehands , stitchers , wigmakers , and the like . Modern stagecraft is highly technical and specialized : it comprises many sub-disciplines and a vast trove of history and tradition .

neg: Performing Arts Festival The Performing Arts Festival , abbreviated as PAF , is the biggest inter-hostel cultural competition in the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay located at Powai in Mumbai ( India ) . The term PAF is used to refer not only to the festival itself , but also to the individual cultural performances that constitute the festival .   Both undergraduate and graduate students at IIT Bombay participate in the preparation and organization of the festival . Typically three or four hostels ( out of fourteen ) are grouped together by random draw for each PAF . Though technically a drama , each PAF comprises contributions from several of the cultural arts including dramatics , literature , music , fine arts , debating and dance . Since 1999 , the PAF has been held at the Open Air Theater ( OAT ) inside the Students ' Activity Center ( SAC ) , within the main campus of IIT Bombay . Typically , all dialogues at PAF are delivered using voice overs and not by the actors themselves , mainly owing to the large size and structure of the OAT . This requires co-ordination between the actors and the voice actors .


query: Coke Boys Records was founded by an American Rapper.

pos: Coke Boys Records Coke Boys Records is an independent record label , originally known as Cocaine City Records that was founded by American rapper French Montana in 2008 . It is now an imprint on both Bad Boy Records and Maybach Music Group . Since then , French Montana has signed artists as follow .

neg: Chronicles of the Juice Man Chronicles of the Juice Man is the debut studio album by American rapper Juicy J ; it was released on July 16 , 2002 . The album features guest appearances from his former fellow Three 6 Mafia members Crunchy Black and Lord Infamous , as well as Three 6 Mafia associate and brother of Juicy J , Project Pat . Many of the lyrics on the album refer to the then-recent incarceration of Project Pat .

neg: G Herbo Herbert Randall Wright ( born October 8 , 1995 ) , better known by his stage name G Herbo ( formerly known as Lil Herb ) is an American rapper and songwriter from Chicago , Illinois . Herb released his debut mixtape , Welcome to Fazoland , to critical acclaim in February 2014 , followed by a second mixtape Pistol P Project in December 2014 . In September 2015 , Herb signed a deal with Cinematic Music Group & Sony Music . His third mixtape , Ballin Like I 'm Kobe , was released on September 29 , 2015 . Herb 's fourth mixtape , Strictly 4 My Fans , was released on November 24 , 2016 . His debut studio album Humble Beast is supposedly scheduled for July 7 , 2017 .

neg: Thelonious Martin Malcolm Martin , otherwise known as Thelonious Martin or King Thelonious is an American Hip Hop record producer from Chicago , Illinois . He is also a member of the Chicago collective Save Money , along with Vic Mensa and Chance The Rapper .

neg: Lil Zane Zane R. Copeland Jr. ( born July 11 , 1982 ) , better known as Lil Zane , is an American rapper and actor born in Yonkers , New York and raised in Atlanta , Georgia . He is best known for his debut album Young World : The Future , released in 2000 , which featured the single `` Callin ' Me '' featuring 112 .

neg: Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps .   The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work .   Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .

neg: Chuck Inglish Evan Ingersoll ( born October 7 , 1984 ) , better known by his stage name Chuck Inglish , is an American rapper from Mount Clemens , Michigan and one half of the hip-hop duo The Cool Kids with Sir Michael Rocks . His debut album Convertibles was released on April 8 , 2014 .

neg: Gudda Gudda Carl Lilly Jr. ( born March 11 , 1983 ) , better known by his stage name Gudda Gudda , is an American rapper from New Orleans . He was originally a member of Sqad Up with Kidd Kidd and Lil Wayne . After forging a long-time friendship with Wayne , he signed to Young Money Entertainment , and later Republic Records .

neg: Mr. Porter Denaun Porter ( born December 7 , 1978 ) , also known by the stage names Mr. Porter and Kon Artis , is an American rapper and record producer . He was best known as a member of Detroit rap group D12 , until his departure in 2012 , to focus on his solo career as a producer and rapper . In 2014 he rejoined D12 and was featured on the Shady XV album .

neg: Hopsin Marcus Jamal Hopson ( born July 18 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name Hopsin , is an American rapper , record producer , director and actor from Los Angeles , California . In 2007 , he was signed to Ruthless Records , and had founded his own record label , Funk Volume , in 2009 . He would then go on to found another record label , Undercover Prodigy , in 2016 . Hopsin has released four studio albums , Gazing at the Moonlight through Ruthless Records , Raw , Knock Madness and Pound Syndrome along with the collaborative project Haywire ( with SwizZz ) through Funk Volume . He is well known for his use of white colored eye contacts in music videos , performances , and interviews .

neg: Twista Carl Terrell Mitchell ( born November 27 , 1973 ) , better known by his stage name Twista ( formerly Tung Twista ) , is an American rapper . He is best known for his chopper style of rapping and for once holding the title of fastest rapper in the world according to Guinness World Records in 1992 , being able to pronounce 598 syllables in 55 seconds .   In 1997 , after appearing on Do or Die 's hit single `` Po Pimp '' , produced by The Legendary Traxster , Twista signed with Big Beat and Atlantic Records , where he released his third album Adrenaline Rush and formed the group Speedknot Mobstaz , in 1998 . His 2004 album Kamikaze reached the top of the US Billboard 200 album chart , after the success of the Billboard Hot 100 # 1 single `` Slow Jamz '' .

neg: ASAP Ferg Darold D. Brown Ferguson , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name ASAP Ferg ( stylized as A$ AP Ferg ) , is an American rapper from New York City 's Harlem neighborhood . Aside from his solo career , he is a member of the hip hop collective A$ AP Mob , from which he adopted his moniker .   In January 2013 , Ferg signed a solo record deal with Polo Grounds and RCA , the same labels that helped launch A$ AP Worldwide , when Ferg 's A$ AP Mob cohorts A$ AP Rocky and the late A$ AP Yams , negotiated their own respective deal in 2011 . His debut album Trap Lord was released on August 20 , 2013 , and was met with generally positive reviews . On April 22 , 2016 , Ferg released his second studio album , Always Strive and Prosper .

neg: Danny Boy (singer) Danny Boy Steward ( born October 31 , 1977 ) is a Chicago native known by his stage name Danny Boy or DB . He is a contemporary African-American soul singer originally signed for a five-year run with Death Row Records by Suge Knight . He made his debut on 1994 's Murder Was the Case soundtrack with the R&B charter Come When I Call ( Produced by DJ Quik ) . In 1995 , he released his first single entitled Slip N Slide ( Produced by Reggie Moore and co-produced by DeVante Swing ) with then unknown artist Ginuwine singing the chorus . The video was shot in Cabo , and also features scenes with 2Pac , Snoop Dogg , Nate Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound . Danny is best known for singing the choruses of the 2Pac songs `` I Ai n't Mad at Cha '' , `` What ' z Ya Phone # '' , `` Picture Me Rollin ' '' and `` Heaven Ai n't Hard 2 Find '' on All Eyez on Me , as well as `` Toss It Up '' on The Don Killuminati : The 7 Day Theory . He had recorded several albums ' worth of music while on Death Row Records , but none were released during his time there .   Danny Boy also made an appearance on Tha Row 's soundtrack to Eddie Griffin 's Dysfunktional Family movie and also appeared on American Idol , but was disqualified due to continued internet promotion by his former label . He is currently working on some projects for his own label `` Eclectic Soul Music Group '' and resides in the suburbs of Atlanta , Georgia . On April 20 , 2010 Death Row Records , under new management , finally released Danny Boy 's 1996 debut album It 's About Time featuring production by DJ Quik & DeVante Swing .

neg: Juvenile (rapper) Terius Gray ( born March 25 , 1977 ) , better known by his stage name Juvenile , is an American rapper , actor , and songwriter . He is also a member of the hip hop group The Hot Boys . At the age of 19 , he began recording raps , releasing his debut album Being Myself in 1995 . He became popular when his 1999 single `` Back That Thang Up '' was released .  In 2003 , he returned to Cash Money Records to record Juve the Great , spawning the number-one hit `` Slow Motion '' . Following this album he again left Cash Money , and in 2006 he was signed to Atlantic Records . He released Reality Check under that label . His latest album , The Fundamentals , was released in February 2014 .

neg: Top Dawg Entertainment Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) is an American independent record label founded in 2004 , by chief executive officer ( CEO ) Anthony `` Top Dawg '' Tiffith . Dave `` Miyatola '' Free and Terrence `` Punch '' Henderson are the co-presidents of TDE . There are currently eight artists signed to the label , Isaiah Rashad , SZA , Lance Skiiiwalker and SiR , as well as the flagship artists , Black Hippy members , Kendrick Lamar , Jay Rock , ScHoolboy Q and Ab-Soul . The label also houses a production division that includes Digi + Phonics , THC , and King Blue .

neg: Driicky Graham Nasir Frederick Graham ( born November 23 , 1991 ) , better known by his stage name Driicky Graham , is an American rapper from Newark , New Jersey . He is currently signed to the independent record labels Nu World Era Music Group and E1 Music .

neg: Street Hop Street Hop is the fourth studio album by the American rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' , released in the United States on October 20 , 2009 , on One Records . It is the follow-up to his previous album Independent 's Day ( 2005 ) . At the release of Success Is Certain ( August 9 , 2011 ) , Street Hop sold approximately 24,000 units in the United States via HitsDailyDouble .

neg: Mike Skinner (musician) Michael Geoffrey `` Mike '' Skinner ( born 27 November 1978 ) is an English rapper , musician , record producer , and actor , best known for the music project The Streets .

neg: Add-2 Andre DiJuan Daniels ( born March 31 , 1986 ) , better known by his stage name Add-2 , sometimes stylized as Add 2 , is an American rapper from Chicago , Illinois . He first gained popularity after the release of his second mixtape , A Tale of Two 's City : Volume 2 . In 2009 , his single `` Luxury '' was featured on MTV , MtvU 's top 5 freshman and Vh1 respectively . `` Luxury '' is part of Add-2 's third mixtape , `` Tale of Two 's City Vol . 3 : The Rise & Fall . '' Add-2 has also worked with Grammy award winning music producer 9th Wonder along with Kendrick Lamar , The Roots and Gerald Walker .

neg: French Montana Karim Kharbouch ( born November 9 , 1984 ) , better known by his stage name French Montana , is an American hip hop recording artist . Born in Morocco , he immigrated to the United States with his family when he was 13 years old . He is the founder of Coke Boys Records , and its predecessor Cocaine City Records . In 2012 , he signed a joint-venture recording deal with Bad Boy Records and Maybach Music Group . Montana has collaborated with record producer Harry Fraud and rapper Max B before his conviction . More recently he collaborated with Rick Ross , Diddy and his MMG and Bad Boy labelmates along with his Coke Boys which include the late Chinx , Lil Durk , and his brother Zack .   French made his mixtape debut in 2007 , and released his debut studio album Excuse My French on May 21 , 2013 . In 2003 , he survived a gunshot to the head . Allegedly blackballed by radio and media in his earlier career stemming from his stint with Max B , in 2010 , he had his breakthrough with `` Choppa Choppa Down '' . In 2012 , his single `` Shot Caller '' was one of the most added tracks on urban contemporary radio in the country .

neg: Dae Dae Marquavis Goolsby ( born July 29 , 1992 ) , better known by his stage name Dae Dae , is an American rapper from Atlanta , Georgia . He is known for his debut single `` Wat U Mean ( Aye , Aye , Aye ) . ''


query: John McCain was a presidential nominee in 2008.

pos: John McCain presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of John McCain , the longtime senior U.S. Senator from Arizona , was launched with an informal announcement on February 28 , 2007 during a live taping of the Late Show with David Letterman , and formally launched at an event on April 25 , 2007 . His second candidacy for the Presidency of the United States , he had previously ran for his party 's nomination in the 2000 primaries and was considered as a potential running mate for his party 's nominee , then-Governor George W. Bush of Texas . After winning a majority of delegates in the Republican primaries of 2008 , on August 29 , leading up to the convention , McCain selected Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska as his running mate for Vice President . Five days later , at the 2008 Republican National Convention , McCain was formally selected as the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 2008 presidential election .   McCain began the campaign as the apparent frontrunner among Republicans , with a strategy of appearing as the establishment , inevitable candidate ; his campaign website featured an Associated Press article describing him as '' -LSB- a -RSB- political celebrity '' . He made substantial overtures towards elements of the Republican base that had resisted his 2000 insurgency campaign . However , he soon fell behind in polls and fundraising ; by July 2007 his campaign was forced to restructure its size and operations . The tide of Republican sentiment against immigration reform legislation he sponsored also led to the erosion of his lead .   Towards the end of 2007 , McCain began a resurgence , which was capped by his January 2008 wins in the New Hampshire , South Carolina , and Florida primaries . This made him the front-runner for the Republican nomination . On Super Tuesday , McCain won both the majority of states and delegates in the Republican primaries , giving him a commanding lead toward the Republican nomination . McCain clinched a majority of the delegates and became the presumptive Republican nominee with wins in several more primaries on March 4 . The following day , President George W. Bush endorsed McCain at the White House .   In the general election , facing Democratic nominee , Senator Barack Obama of Illinois , McCain was trailing during most of the season , only gaining a lead in national polls for a period after the Palin announcement and the 2008 Republican National Convention . The dominant issue of the campaign became the financial crisis of 2008 . Unable to gain traction against Obama in presidential debates , the final stages of the campaign saw McCain criticizing Obama for being a `` redistributionist '' and adopting symbols such as Joe the Plumber .   On November 4 , 2008 , McCain lost to Barack Obama in the general election , receiving 173 votes of the electoral college to Obama 's 365 and gaining 46 percent of the popular vote to Obama 's 53 percent . Had McCain been elected , he would have been the oldest President to take office at age 72 , succeeding Ronald Reagan , who did so at age 69 , and the first not born in the 50 states , as he was born in the Panama Canal Zone ( a U.S. Territory at the time of McCain 's birth ) . McCain would 've also been the first president from the state of Arizona , whereas Palin would have been the first female vice president , as well as the first vice president from Alaska and outside the mainland United States .

pos: John McCain John Sidney McCain III ( born August 29 , 1936 ) is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Arizona . He was the Republican nominee for the 2008 U.S. presidential election .   McCain followed his father and grandfather , both four-star admirals , into the United States Navy , graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958 . He became a naval aviator , flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers . During the Vietnam War , he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire . In October 1967 , while on a bombing mission over Hanoi , he was shot down , seriously injured , and captured by the North Vietnamese . He was a prisoner of war until 1973 . McCain experienced episodes of torture , and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer . His war wounds have left him with lifelong physical limitations .   He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona , where he entered politics . Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982 , McCain served two terms . He was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986 , winning re-election easily five times , most recently in 2016 . While generally adhering to conservative principles , McCain at times has had a media reputation as a `` maverick '' for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues . After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five , he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns , eventually gaining passage of the McCain -- Feingold Act in 2002 . He is also known for his work in the 1990s to restore diplomatic relations with Vietnam , and for his belief that the Iraq War should have been fought to a successful conclusion . McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee , opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel , and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations with the bi-partisan group known as the Gang of 14 .   McCain ran for the Republican nomination in 2000 but lost a heated primary season contest to George W. Bush of Texas . He secured the nomination in 2008 after coming back from early reversals , but was defeated by Democratic candidate Barack Obama in the general election , losing by a 365 -- 173 electoral college margin and by 53 -- 46 % in the popular vote . He subsequently adopted more orthodox conservative stances and attitudes and largely opposed actions of the Obama administration , especially in regard to foreign policy matters . By 2013 , however , he had become a key figure in the Senate for negotiating deals on certain issues in an otherwise partisan environment . In 2015 , McCain became chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee .

neg: United States presidential election in North Carolina, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in North Carolina was part of the national event on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. . In North Carolina , voters chose 15 representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   North Carolina was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama with a 0.32 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , most news organizations considered the state as a toss-up , or swing state , but few truly believed Obama would win it .   Only 1 of the 18 news/political organizations listed here correctly predicted the result , an Obama victory . Throughout the general election , the state was heavily targeted by both campaigns . It was one of six Southern states and districts ( along with Florida , Virginia , Maryland , Delaware , and the District of Columbia ) that voted for Obama in 2008 . A high turnout by African-American voters , bolstered by overwhelming support from younger voters were the major factors that helped deliver North Carolina 's 15 electoral votes to Obama , making him the first Democratic presidential nominee to carry the state in 32 years . Prior to 2008 , the last Democratic candidate to win North Carolina was Jimmy Carter in 1976 . Bill Clinton came within 20,000 votes of winning the state in 1992 . As of 2016 , this is the last time that the Democratic nominee carried North Carolina .

neg: Iowa Chicken The Iowa Chicken was a person in a chicken suit who followed John McCain and Rudy Giuliani around Iowa during the 2008 American presidential race , carrying a sign that read `` You ` Bawk ` ed at the Straw Poll ! '' This was done to both protest and bring attention to the fact that neither candidate competed in the Iowa Straw Poll . In the past , all Republican candidates have competed in the Straw Poll , and McCain and Giuliani 's decisions not to attend represented a break from tradition .   The identity of the Iowa Chicken has not been revealed , but he or she follows an American campaign tradition , including such precedents as 2000 's Corn Man .

neg: United States presidential election in Nebraska, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 4 , 2008 as part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 5 electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . However , this state is one of the two states of the U.S. that , instead of giving all of its electors to the winner based on its statewide results , just 2 of them vote based on the statewide results , and the others vote based on their individual congressional district results .   Nebraska , statewide , was not a swing state in 2008 . Located in the Great Plains of the United States , it is one of the most staunchly Republican states in the country . While some hypothetical general election match-up polls between Republican John McCain and Democrat Barack Obama showed the race to be seemingly close , they were largely regarded as outliers as more polls released showed McCain leading in double digits . McCain wound up carrying the popular vote in Nebraska by 14.93 points , taking in 56.53 % of the total statewide vote . However , Obama narrowly defeated McCain in Nebraska 's 2nd congressional district , which contains Omaha and the surrounding areas . Due to Nebraska 's system of allocating electoral votes to winners of Congressional Districts , Obama was able to win one electoral vote while John McCain received the state 's other four electoral votes .

neg: United States presidential election in Maine, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Maine is one of two states in the U.S. that instead of all of the state 's 4 electors of the Electoral College to vote based upon the statewide results of the voters , two of the individual electors vote based on their congressional district because Maine has two congressional districts . The other two electors vote based upon the statewide results . See below in the section of Electors for more information .   Maine once again displayed it status as a blue state , with Democrat Barack Obama taking the state with 57.71 % of the vote and a difference of 126,650 votes . Maine has voted Democratic since 1992 and is the only state other than Nebraska to split its electoral votes , though it did not do so until 2016 . It is also the only state in New England where a county voted for Republican John McCain , with Piscataquis County giving McCain roughly 50.7 % of the vote .

neg: Imperial Klans of America The Imperial Klans of America , Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist paramilitary organization styled after the original Ku Klux Klan ( KKK ) . In 2008 , it was reported that the IKA had the nation 's second largest KKK membership .   The IKA , headed by Ron Edwards , claims to be the sixth era of the Ku Klux Klan . Members of the 6th era , like members of previous eras , claim constitutional rights as part of the `` Unorganized Militia '' . The IKA claims to stand upon Supreme Court decisions in favor of previous Klans . They are headquartered near Dawson Springs , Kentucky and claim external Imperial Klan offices in Australia , Canada , England , Scotland , and South Africa , as well as throughout Europe and South America .   In 2011 , a recurring hoax concerning the IKA endorsing Barack Obama was once again exposed as a farce based on a parody website 's humorous reporting . In fact , in 2008 , Ron Edwards was quoted as supporting John McCain .

neg: United States presidential election in Hawaii, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in Hawaii took place on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 4 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Hawaii , the state where Barack Obama was born , gave him 71.9 % of the vote with a 45.3 % margin of victory in 2008 . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state Obama would win , or otherwise considered as a safe blue state . Hawaii has voted Democratic in every presidential election since 1988 . Obama 's margin of victory in this state is only surpassed by that of the District of Columbia and is the only actual state that gave either candidate more than 70 % of the vote . Turnout here was much higher than previous elections .

neg: Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2008 The Iowa Democratic Presidential Caucus occurred on January 3 , 2008 , and was the state caucuses of the Iowa Democratic Party . It was the first election for the Democrats of the 2008 presidential election . Also referred to as `` the First in the Nation Caucus , '' it was the first election of the primary season on both the Democratic and Republican sides . Of the eight major Democratic presidential candidates , then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois received the most votes and was ultimately declared the winner of the Iowa Democratic Caucus of 2008 , making him the first African American to win the caucus . Former U.S. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina came in second place and then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York finished third , though Clinton received more delegates than Edwards . Campaigning had begun as early as two years before the event .

neg: George W. Bush George Walker Bush ( born July 6 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 . He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 . After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975 , he worked in the oil industry . Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter . He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election . Bush was elected president in 2000 after a close and controversial win over Democratic rival Al Gore , becoming the fourth president to be elected while receiving fewer popular votes than his opponent .   From a prominent political family , he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush , the 41st President of the United States , making him only the second president to assume the nation 's highest office after his father , following the lead of John Quincy Adams . His brother , Jeb Bush , a former Governor of Florida , was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election . His paternal grandfather , Prescott Bush , was a United States Senator from Connecticut .   The September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bush 's first term as president . Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine : launching a `` War on Terror '' , an international military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001 and the Iraq War in 2003 . He also promoted policies on the economy , health care , education , Social Security reform , and amending the Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage . He signed into law broad tax cuts , the Patriot Act , the No Child Left Behind Act , the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act , Medicare prescription drug benefits for seniors , and funding for the AIDS relief program known as PEPFAR . His tenure included national debates on immigration , Social Security , electronic surveillance , and torture .   In the 2004 Presidential race , Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another relatively close election . After his re-election , Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the political spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War , Hurricane Katrina , and other challenges . Amid this criticism , the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections . In December 2007 , the United States entered its longest post-World War II recession , often referred to as the `` Great Recession '' , prompting the Bush administration to obtain congressional passage of multiple economic programs intended to preserve the country 's financial system . Nationally , Bush was both one of the most popular and unpopular presidents in history , having received the highest recorded presidential approval ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks , as well as one of the lowest approval ratings during the 2008 financial crisis .   Bush left office in 2009 , returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford . He wrote a memoir , Decision Points . His presidential library was opened in 2013 . His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians ' polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s .

neg: Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008 The 2008 presidential campaign of Joe Biden , the longtime Senator from Delaware , announced his candidacy for President of the United States on the edition of January 7 , 2007 of Meet the Press . He officially became a candidate on January 31 , 2007 after filing papers with the Federal Elections Commission . Biden had previously run for president in 1988 , but failed to receive the nomination of the Democratic Party . If elected , Biden would have been the first sitting Senator and Roman Catholic to be president since John F. Kennedy , and the first President to be born during World War II . ( b. 1942 )   During the campaign , Biden focused on his plan to achieve political success in the Iraq War through a system of federalization . He touted his record in the Senate as the head of several congressional committees and experience in foreign policy . Despite a few notable endorsements , Biden failed to garner significant support in opinion polls , and was marred by controversial comments made while campaigning . He ultimately dropped out of the race on January 3 , 2008 , after capturing less than 1 % of the vote in the Iowa caucus .   Seven months after conclusion of his campaign , Biden was selected to be Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama 's vice presidential running mate . The pair won in the general election , and were sworn in on January 20 , 2009 .

neg: John McCain presidential campaign, 2000 The 2000 presidential campaign of John McCain , the United States Senator from Arizona , began in September 1999 . He announced his run for the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election .   McCain was the main challenger to Texas Governor George W. Bush , who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment . McCain staged an upset win in the February 2000 New Hampshire primary , capitalizing on a message of political reform and `` straight talk '' that appealed to moderate Republican and independent voters and to the press . McCain 's momentum was halted when Bush won the South Carolina primary later that month , in a contest that became famous for its bitter nature and an underground smear campaign run against McCain .   McCain won some subsequent primaries , but after the March 2000 Super Tuesday contests he was well behind in delegates and withdrew . He grudgingly endorsed Bush two months later and made occasional appearances for him during the general election .

neg: Swift Vets and POWs for Truth Swift Vets and POWs for Truth , formerly known as the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth ( SBVT ) , was a political group ( 527 group ) of United States Swift boat veterans and former prisoners of war of the Vietnam War , formed during the 2004 presidential election campaign for the purpose of opposing John Kerry 's candidacy for the presidency . The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative `` swiftboating '' , to describe an unfair or untrue political attack . The group disbanded and ceased operations on May 31 , 2008 .   SBVT asserted that Kerry was `` unfit to serve '' as President based upon his alleged `` willful distortion of the conduct '' of American servicemen during that war , and his alleged `` withholding and/or distortion of material facts '' as to his own conduct during that war . SBVT stated that `` Kerry 's phony war crimes charges , his exaggerated claims about his own service in Vietnam , and his deliberate misrepresentation of the nature and effectiveness of Swift boat operations compel us to step forward . '' The group challenged the legitimacy of each of the combat medals awarded to Kerry by the U.S. Navy and the disposition of his discharge . ( See John Kerry military service controversy . ) Further , SBVT said that Kerry 's later criticism of the war was a `` betrayal of trust '' with other soldiers , and that by his activism he had caused direct `` harm '' to soldiers still at war .   These claims caused tremendous controversy during the election , particularly because most of the organization 's members had not been in a place to assess Kerry , while most of the Vietnam veterans who had served with him supported Kerry 's version of events .   Registered under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code , SBVT publicized its criticisms of Kerry during the election campaign in a book , in television advertisements that the group ran in swing states and in the media coverage some members received . The group was the subject of several complaints to the Federal Election Commission ( FEC ) . After the election , the group was credited by media and praised by conservatives as contributing to Kerry 's defeat . The group 's tactics are considered an example of a successful political smear campaign for its widely publicized and later discredited claims .

neg: Healthcare policies of candidates in the United States presidential election, 2008 This article lists the healthcare statements of some candidates for president during the 2008 US presidential election .

neg: South Carolina primary The South Carolina primary has become one of several key early-state presidential primaries in the process of the Democratic and Republican Parties choosing their respective general election nominees for President of the United States .   Historically , this primary election has been much more important in the Republican Party 's nomination process , considered a firewall that could permanently eliminate any/all serious rivals to the winner . It is meant to force the various factions of the party to decide quickly on and unite behind a single candidate and avoid wasting precious time and resources on a drawn-out battle between their own candidates , that would divert the party 's focus from working to defeat the Democrats ' likely nominee .   Since its 1980 inception , the winner of the Republican South Carolina primary has always become the eventual Republican National Convention nominee for that fall 's general election , with one exception , the 2012 primary , in which eventual Republican nominee Mitt Romney finished second , behind winner Newt Gingrich ( who would go on to suspend his campaign before that summer 's convention began ) .   South Carolina has cemented its place as the `` First in the South '' primary for both parties . For the Democrats , the 2008 primary took on added significance because it was the first nominating contest in that cycle in which a large percentage ( 55 percent , according to an exit poll ) of primary voters were African Americans .   The 2012 South Carolina primary was held on January 21 for Republicans , and on January 28 for Democrats . The 2016 primary was held on February 20 for Republicans , and on February 27 for Democrats .

neg: Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, 2012 This article lists possible candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 2012 election . On May 29 , 2012 , former Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts won a majority of pledged delegates for the Republican nomination for President of the United States , and became the presumptive nominee .   On August 11 , 2012 , Romney officially announced his selection of Paul Ryan as his running-mate to supporters via an iPhone app , though the selection of Ryan had already leaked to the press hours before the official announcement . Ryan was the first individual from Wisconsin to appear on a major party 's national ticket , although third party presidential candidate Robert La Follette won 16 % of the popular vote in the 1924 presidential election . The Romney-Ryan ticket ultimately lost in the general election to the Obama-Biden ticket , but the defeat did not harm Ryan 's career ; in 2015 , Ryan was elected as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives .

neg: John Edwards (disambiguation) John Edwards ( born 1953 ) is an American politician who was a candidate for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination .   John Edwards may also refer to :

neg: Missouri Democratic primary, 2008 The Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary took place on Super Tuesday , February 5 , 2008 , with 72 delegates at stake . The winner in each of Missouri 's nine congressional districts was awarded all of that district 's delegates , which totaled 47 . Another 25 delegates were awarded to the statewide winner , Barack Obama . The 72 delegates represented Missouri at the Democratic National Convention in Denver , Colorado . Sixteen other unpledged delegates , known as superdelegates , also attended the convention and cast their votes as well .

neg: Straight Talk America Straight Talk America is a political action committee and intercampaign outreach vehicle created by Sen. John McCain . Originally formed during McCain 's 2000 bid for the Republican presidential nomination , it was revived again in 2005 , and then retired in 2007 as he announced his formal bid for the presidency in 2008 .

neg: Brian Jones (political consultant) Brian Jones is a Republican political and communications strategist in the United States . Jones most recently served as a senior communications adviser to John McCain 's 2008 presidential campaign and is currently a managing director at Mercury Public Affairs .

neg: Republican Party presidential primaries, 1964 The 1964 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 U.S. presidential election . Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1964 Republican National Convention held from July 13 to July 16 , 1964 , in San Francisco , California .

neg: United States presidential election in Arizona, 2012 The 2012 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 6 , 2012 as part of the 2012 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated . Arizona has been won by the Republican nominee for president in every election since 1952 except when President Clinton narrowly carried the state in 1996 . No Democrat has won a majority in the state since Harry Truman in 1948 . Arizona voters chose 11 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate , Vice President Joe Biden , against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate , Congressman Paul Ryan . Prior to the election , all 17 news organizations considered this a state Romney would win , or otherwise considered as a safe red state . Arizona was won by Romney with a 9.03 % margin .


query: Gia is a work.

pos: Gia Gia is a 1998 biographical HBO film about the life and times of one of America 's first supermodels , Gia Marie Carangi . The film stars Angelina Jolie as Gia and Faye Dunaway as Wilhelmina Cooper , with Mercedes Ruehl and Elizabeth Mitchell . It was directed by Michael Cristofer and written by Cristofer and Jay McInerney . The original music score was composed by Terence Blanchard .

neg: Dante Symphony A Symphony to Dante 's Divine Comedy , S. 109 , or simply the `` Dante Symphony '' , is a program symphony composed by Franz Liszt . Written in the high romantic style , it is based on Dante Alighieri 's journey through Hell and Purgatory , as depicted in The Divine Comedy . It was premiered in Dresden in November 1857 , with Liszt himself conducting , and was unofficially dedicated to the composer 's friend and future son-in-law Richard Wagner . The entire symphony takes approximately 45 minutes to perform .   Some critics have argued that the Dante Symphony is not so much a symphony in the classical sense as it is two descriptive symphonic poems . Regardless , Dante consists of two movements , both in a loosely structured ternary form with little use of thematic transformation .

neg: Alfredo Giannetti Alfredo Giannetti ( 1924 -- 1995 ) was an Italian screenwriter and film director . He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1962 for his work in Divorce , Italian Style .

neg: Artificial General Intelligence Research Institute Founded in 2001 , the Artificial General Intelligence Research Institute 's ( AGIRI ) mission is to `` foster the creation of powerful and ethically positive '' artificial general intelligence . AGIRI hosts an online forum , publishes material on the development , application and implications for AGI , and hosts AGI workshops in the Washington , D.C. area .   AGIRI is sponsored by Novamente LLC , a for-profit software company based in N. Bethesda , MD. .

neg: Neoavanguardia The neoavanguardia ( `` New Vanguard '' ) was an avant-garde Italian literary movement , characterized by a strong push towards formal experimentation in language . Authors involved include Nanni Balestrini , Edoardo Sanguineti , Umberto Eco , Antonio Porta , Elio Pagliarani , Alfredo Giuliani , Giorgio Manganelli , Luigi Malerba , Germano Lombardi , Francesco Leonetti , Alberto Gozzi , Massimo Ferretti , Franco Lucentini , Amelia Rosselli , Sebastiano Vassalli and Lello Voce among others .   Neoavanguardia poets , inspired by modernist English language writers such as Ezra Pound and TS Eliot and the Italian poet Emilio Villa , were opposed to the crepuscolarismo ( intimistic view ) which had characterized Italian poetry in the 20th century , and , above all , to what they defined as ` neo-capitalistic ' language . The result was quasi-parodistic language that often led to meaningless verses ( non-significanza ) and the so-called `` art as a plaything in itself . ''   The movement originated as the Gruppo ' 63 , which was founded in a hotel at Solunto , near Palermo , mostly by writers who had collaborated with the Il Verri literary magazine . The conference included a theatre spectacle on works by Balestrini and Sanguineti among others . The appearance of the movement spurred fierce polemics in the Italian literary world : they were accused of being `` irrational formalists '' , `` dangerous Marxist revolutionaries '' , `` late Futurists '' or the creators of a `` renewed Arcadia '' .

neg: Armed Islamic Group of Algeria The Armed Islamic Group ( GIA , from Groupe Islamique Armé الجماعة الإسلامية المسلّحة , ) was one of the two main Islamist insurgents groups that fought the Algerian government and army in the Algerian Civil War . It was created from smaller armed groups following the 1992 military coup and arrest and internment of thousands of officials in the Islamist Islamic Salvation Front ( FIS ) party after that party won the first round of parliamentary elections in December 1991 . It was led by a succession of amirs ( commanders ) who were killed or arrested one after another .   Unlike the other main armed groups , the MIA and later the AIS , in its pursuit of an Islamic state the GIA sought not to pressure the government into concessions but to destabilise and overthrow it , to `` purge the land of the ungodly '' . Its slogan inscribed on all communiques was : `` no agreement , no truce , no dialogue '' .  The group desired to create `` an atmosphere of general insecurity '' and employed kidnapping , assassination , and bombings , including car bombs and targeted not only security forces but civilians .   Between 1992 and 1998 , the GIA conducted a violent campaign of civilian massacres , sometimes wiping out entire villages in its area of operation , ( notably the Bentalha and Rais ) . It attacked and killed other Islamists that left the GIA or attempted to negotiate with the government . It also targeted foreign civilians living in Algeria , killing more than 100 expatriate men and women in the country . The group established a presence outside Algeria , in France , Belgium , Britain , Italy and the United States , and launched terror attacks in France in late 1994 .   The `` undisputed principal Islamist force '' in Algeria in 1994 , by 1996 , militants were deserting `` in droves '' , alienated by its execution of civilians and Islamists leaders . In 1999 , a government amnesty law motivated large numbers of jihadis to `` repent '' . The remnants of the GIA proper were hunted down over the next two years , leaving a splinter group the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat ( GSPC ) , which announced its support for Al-Qaeda in October 2003 .   The GIA was and is considered a terrorist organisation by the governments of Algeria and France . To what extent the group was infiltrated and manipulated by Algerian security services is disputed . The GIA remains a Proscribed Organisation in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act 2000 .

neg: Edward Giobbi Edward Gioachino Giobbi ( born July 18 , 1926 in Waterbury , Connecticut ) is an American artist and cookbook author .   Giobbi 's paintings and other renderings appear in collections in the U.S. and , particularly , in Italy . His works have been shown in solo and group shows featuring a range from abstract impressionism to pop art . According to New York Times reviewer Edward Zimmer , Giobbi 's early works reveal the influence of expressionism . These works depict a `` dark sense of ambiguity and longing '' contradicted by `` buoyant '' colors . `` Mr. Giobbi 's art then takes a different turn ... more intellectual and formal '' revealing the impact of cubism and formalism .   Zimmer notes Giobbi 's use of a protagonist , Linus , addressing issues of loss and abandonment . See the article `` In Katonah with Nothing But Abstractions to Consider '' by Vivien Raynor , New York Times , July 19 , 1992 , and Giobbi 's response , `` The Myth of Linus in Greek Mythology '' New York Times , September 16 , 1992 .   Giobbi 's later works are autobiographical , with a `` free , seemingly extemporaneous use of paint that contrasts with the deliberately plotted quality of the main compositions . ''   In his article , `` Still Going Strong '' , New York Times , September 9 , 2001 , D. Dominick Lombardi wrote :   `` After returning from the service in 1946 , Giobbi worked in a foundry , earning enough money to begin his art education at Vesper George School of Art in Boston .   A visiting artist there , Henry Hensche , suggested that Giobbi spend the summer at Hensche 's private art school in Provincetown , Mass. .   He taught the Impressionist style , which is when I learned color logic , whereby all colors fit as they do in nature , Giobbi said . This enabled me to build a color vocabulary that I continue to use today .   After he finished school in Boston , Giobbi moved on to the Art Students League in Manhattan . The League was fabulous in 1949 , he said . It was full of veterans who were no-nonsense . They had families , they experienced war , and there was no time for fussing around.Shortly afterwards , my mother suggested I visit Italy . I stayed for three years , learned to speak better Italian and studied fresco painting at the Academia di Belle Arte in Florence . I learned the old master techniques using dried pigments with rabbit skin glue . That is when I fell in love with the early fresco artists : Giotto , Masaccio , Piero della Francesca and Michelangelo . Those are the people that still nourish me through their art.In speaking of his return to New York City in 1954 , he said : I had a special grant from the Art Students League , affording me time and space in the sculpture studio . I met my wife , Elinor Turner , there . In 1958 , we decided to return to Europe . We got married in Switzerland.Returning to the Northeast in 1961 , the Giobbis stayed in a friend 's home in Greenwich , searching the tristate area for a home before settling in Katonah.I found Munch , Cézanne , Matisse , Picasso and Giacometti to be artists that nourished me , he said , recalling influences on his work at that time . In those days , Abstract Expressionism was in full swing . I liked the excitement and the abandonment of their technique to a degree , but I do not believe in anarchy . If you look at the growth of masses of various vegetation that grows naturally in the woods , you see extreme anarchy . However , if you really study this vegetation , there is order there . That is how I see painting . The Abstract Expressionists lacked order . '' ''   Giobbi 's oral history interview , recorded by Paul Cummings in November and December , 1977 , is archived at the Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art .   Giobbi is the author of `` Italian Family Cooking '' , Random House , 1971 , 1978 , foreword by Craig Claiborne . He then authored `` Eat Right , Eat Well -- The Italian Way '' , Knopf , 1985 , 1998 . This book was edited by noted cookbook editor Judith Jones and reflects Giobbi 's back to nature lifestyle in imitation of his Italian ancestors who raised their own farm animals and grew their own vegetables and fruits . For `` Pleasures of the Good Earth '' , Knopf , 1991 , Giobbi won a James Beard award for culinary excellence in 1992 . Giobbi collaborated with his daughter , Eugenia Giobbi Bone , for his most recent work , `` Italian Family Dining : Recipes , Menus and Memories of Meals with a Great American Food Family '' , Rodale , 2005 . In 1990 , he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member , and became a full Academician in 1992 .   See also `` An Artist Round When All Was Square '' , review of a Katonah Gallery show , New York Times , July 2 , 1976 .

neg: Ante Gia `` Ante Gia '' ( Greek : Άντε Γειά ; English : Goodbye ) is an EP maxi single by Greek singer Despina Vandi released on December 19 , 2002 by Heaven Music . The entire EP was written and produced by Phoebus in promotion of the reissue of Vandi 's 5 × Platinum album Gia , which was reissued as Gia + Ante Gia and as a box set as Gia + Ante Gia : Collector 's Edition . The EP contains all new material , with the title track being a response to the single `` Gia '' ( Hello ) , inspired by that song but in a negative lyrical context . The remix of the songs `` Spania '' and `` Giatriko '' is licensed by Vandi 's former label Minos EMI .

neg: Gia Mantegna Gina `` Gia '' Cristine Mantegna ( born April 17 , 1990 ) is an American actress .

neg: Baroque sculpture Baroque sculpture is the sculpture of the period between the early 17th and late 18th centuries associated with the Baroque cultural movement , based on exaggerated motion and drama . Stylistically , Baroque sculpture followed Renaissance sculpture and was succeeded by Neoclassical Sculpture . Gian Lorenzo Bernini is the first developer of this style and many of his works are the most important works in this period . Rome is the first place where was the style formed . After the second half of the 17th century Baroque expanded also to the other parts of Italy and Europe . France had main position in spread of Baroque art after the late 17th century , but other lands , mainly Spain , Dutch Republic and Habsburg Monarchy , supported the baroque ideas , too .

neg: Geographical indication A geographical indication ( GI ) is a name or sign used on products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin ( e.g. a town , region , or country ) . The use of a geographical indication may act as a certification that the product possesses certain qualities , is made according to traditional methods , or enjoys a certain reputation , due to its geographical origin .

neg: G.I. (military) G.I. is a noun used to describe the soldiers of the United States Army and airmen of the United States Army Air Forces -- and for U.S. Marines and sailors -- and also for general items of their equipment . The term G.I. has been used as an initialism of `` Government Issue '' or `` General Issue '' , but it originally referred to `` galvanized iron '' , as used by the logistics services of the United States Armed Forces . The letters `` G.I. '' were used to denote equipment made from galvanized iron , such as metal trash cans , in U.S. Army inventories and supply records .   During World War I , American soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells as `` G.I. cans '' . Also during that war , `` G.I. '' started being interpreted as `` Government Issue '' or `` General Issue '' for the general items of equipment of soldiers and airmen . The term `` G.I. '' came into widespread use in the United States with the start of the Selective Service System ( `` the draft '' ) in 1940 , extending into 1941 . Next , the use of `` G.I. '' expanded from 1942 through 1945 . The American Five-star General Dwight D. Eisenhower said in 1945 that `` the truly heroic figure of this war -LSB- is -RSB- G.I. Joe and his counterpart in the air , the navy , and the Merchant Marine of every one of the United Nations . ''   `` G.I. '' was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the Army or Army Air Force .

neg: Giovanni Antonio Giay Giovanni Antonio Giay ( sometimes spelled Giaj ; 11 June 1690 -- 10 September 1764 ) was an Italian composer . His compositional output includes 15 operas , 5 symphonies , and a significant amount of sacred music .

neg: Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici The S.A.D.O. ( Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici , Anonymous Society of Organic Deconstructionisms ) band took shape in 1994 in Italy , from the Arcansiel group ( Gianni Opezzo , Paolo Baltaro and Sandro Marinoni ) , with Diego Marzi on percussion . In the same year , they recorded the songs that would be included in Implosioni , their first album . One year later , in 1995 , they recorded Teratoarchetipia , followed by La Differanza in 2002 . In the meantime , the group went on tour in Italy and Europe . In 2007 , with Boris Savoldelli on vocals , Luigi Ranghino on piano , and Andrea Beccaro on drums joining in , they recorded Holzwege ( published by AMS ) and carried out a live sound deconstruction in seven movements based on the seven propositions from the `` Tractatus Logico Philosophicus '' by Ludwig Wittgenstein . In 2008 , they brought on stage `` Un Imprescindibile Momento di Cultura Italiana '' ( An Indispensable Moment of Italian Culture ) , a show based on deconstructing classical songs from the 20th-century Italian pop music repertoire . From the original shooting of the show , taking place at `` Le Pétit Theatre des Officine Sonore '' in Vercelli , they later drew the homonymous discographic release .   Each concert is conceived as a single pièce , with a strong presence of the extemporaneous component , combined with rigorous and elaborate written parts . The S.A.D.O. have attended several musical and cultural events , the last one being the `` Musica e Letteratura '' meeting , organized by the Faculty of Philosophy of the Università del Piemonte Orientale ( Italy ) . Most noteworthily , in 2008 they were awarded as winners of the twelfth edition of the `` Omaggio Demetrio Stratos '' and the `` Premio Darwin musiche italiane non convenzionali '' . In 2010 , the fashion designer Rui Leonardes used their song `` Aristotele 's Tantalium Condenser '' ( from the Holzwege album ) as the soundtrack for his 2010 collection show during the London Fashion Week ( The Bathhouse ) in London . In 2011 they were awarded as winners of the 2010 edition of the Prog Award as BEST 2010 PRODUCTION for Weather Underground . The song CHAOS part 1 is the soundtrack of `` Ciao Dott . Charcot '' by Anita Pantin , presented at Latino Videoart Festival of New York 2011

neg: Labour of Love (song) `` Labour of Love '' was a hit single by Scottish duo/brothers Greg and Pat Kane , better known as Hue and Cry . Included on the album Seduced and Abandoned , it was released as their second single in 1987 after their first hit `` I Refuse '' had failed to make the UK Top 75 .   Showcasing a somewhat funky sound that was very different from their later ballad releases , this song remains their biggest hit to date , peaking at # 6 on the UK Singles Chart and meriting inclusion on many hits compilations of the 1980s .   The song is written from the perspective of a disillusioned working-class Conservative voter of the mid-1980s who has worked hard to believe in Margaret Thatcher 's story of a new proud , individualist Britain and who is now realising that there is less `` gain '' than `` pain '' in doing so .   The band had a lucky break with this single when they were asked to perform it on the BBC music show Top of the Pops at short notice . American band Los Lobos were booked to be on the show that week with their hit `` La Bamba '' but due to a mix-up with their visa applications , they were unable to perform . Hue and Cry were asked to fill the gap in the show and the exposure that this generated helped propel the single up the UK charts .   In 1993 , this song was remixed by house music producer/DJ Joey Negro and released as a single that reached # 25 in the UK charts .   The song was featured in the soundtrack for the video game Grand Theft Auto : Episodes from Liberty City .   Category :1987 singles

neg: Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici ( often abbreviated to MD ; `` Materials and discussions for the analysis of classical texts '' ) is an Italian periodical within the realm of classical philology founded in 1978 .   The periodical serves as a forum for exchange on different methodological approaches to ancient literature confronting historical-philological method and modern literary theory and investigating the language of culture as well as forms and techniques of literary communication .   MD was founded by a group of scholars around the editor Gian Biagio Conte in Pisa in 1978 . The editor is helped by an international scientific advisory board , to which belong : Alessandro Barchiesi , Maurizio Bettini , Maria Grazia Bonnanno , Mario Citroni , Marco Fantuzzi , R. Elaine Fantham , Rolando Ferri , Philip Hardie , Richard L. Hunter , Mario Labate , Glenn W. Most , Michael D. Reeve , Gianpiero Rosati , Luigi Enrico Rossi , Richard J. Tarrant . Publications are peer-reviewed .   The periodical appears twice a year at Fabrizio Serra editore in Pisa ( ISSN 0392-6338 ) . From issue 49 , 2002 onwards , it also appears in electronic guise ( ISSN elettronico 1724-1693 ) . In 2009 , a volume of indices was published for volumes 1 , 1978 to 60 , 2008 .   The periodical is accompanied by a book series Biblioteca di ` Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici ' edited by Maurizio Bettini and Gian Biagio Conte . It accepts philological and critical monographs which may vary in their approach to ancient literature , but are supposed to give a problematized framework of the analysis of their given text and to foster the development of critical instruments . So far , 20 volumes have been published .

neg: Gruppo di intervento speciale Gruppo di Intervento Speciale ( GIS , in English `` Special Intervention Group '' ) is an elite airborne special operations counter-terrorism tactical response unit inside the Italian Carabinieri military police , first formed in 1977 . In 2004 the GIS evolved into a special forces unit .   The unit has taken part in counter-terrorism operations and VIP , executive and dignitary protection security details ever since the inception of the GIS .

neg: Angelo Parra Angelo Parra is an American playwright . He was born in Manhattan and grew up in the Bronx , New York City . After graduating from Fordham University , his career included work as a reporter/photographer , public relations professional , politician , free-lance writer , and PR and journalism teacher at New York University before turning to theatre in 1986 . His first produced play , Casino , was presented at T. Schreiber Studio , and won a 1989 New York Foundation for the Arts ( NYFA ) Fellowship in Playwriting and an Arts International grant ( sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts , U.S. Information Agency , Rockefeller Foundation , and The Pew Charitable Trusts ) .   His work , The Devil 's Music : The Life and Blues of Bessie Smith , with music on the life of Bessie Smith , was named `` one of the top-10 Off-Broadway experiences of 2001 '' by the New York Daily News , `` Best Solo Show '' by Florida 's Broward/Palm Beach New Times , and won a second NYFA Playwriting Fellowship ( 2000 ) . The show , conceived by and originally directed by Joe Brancato and originally staged by Penguin Rep Theatre , Stony Point , NY , was invited to give six performances during the 2012 Montreal International Jazz Festival , making The Devil 's Music the first play ever presented in the music festival 's 30-year history !   Parra has production credits in New York , Los Angeles , Chicago , Washington , D.C. ; at Florida Stage ( Palm Beach ) , The Hartford Stage ( Hartford , Connecticut ) , Theatre Memphis , at the Cape Playhouse ( Cape Cod ) ; George Street Playhouse , Florida Rep , and , at the Edinburgh International Festival . Parra also is the author of Playwriting for Dummies , part of the popular international series of how-to books .   Among Parra 's other prize-winning plays is the hospital drama , `` Journey of the Heart '' , winner of the Jewel Box Theatre , Mixed Blood Theatre , and David James Ellis national play awards in 1998-99 . Also in 1998 , `` Song of the Coquí '' , his Hispanic family drama with humor and dance , won the Chicano/Latino Literary Award ( University of California , Irvine ) and an `` American Dream '' prize by Repertorio Español in New York City .   Parra is a member of the Dramatists Guild , member emeritus of the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop , and member of the Actors Studio Playwrights/Directors Unit . He was a Tennessee Williams Scholar at the 2000 Sewanee Writers Conference , teaches playwriting , performing arts , and English at SUNY Rockland Community College . In addition to his BA in Communication Arts at Fordham , he earned an MA in Political Science at the New School in New York , and MFA in Playwriting at Brooklyn College . He is currently president of the Penguin Rep Theatre Board of Trustees and director of the Hudson Valley Professional Playwright 's Lab .   Along with the children 's musical Percy T. Penguin Comes to America , Parra 's other plays include :  The Mnemonist  Canvases  The Price of Honor  Prickasaurus  The Slope  Warmflesch  A Waltz Without Turns  Midnight Kiss  What is it With Me ?

neg: Rai Fiction Rai Fiction is an Italian production company founded in 1997 . It is owned and operated by Radiotelevisione Italiana ( RAI ) , the national broadcasting company of Italy .   The company produces content for RAI 's channels . The company produces cartoons , sitcoms , and other programmes . The company also works in association with foreign production studios and TV channels as well as other production companies in Italy .

neg: Gigantomania Gigantomania ( from Ancient Greek γίγας gigas , `` giant '' and μανία mania , `` madness '' ) is the production of unusually and superfluously large works .   Gigantomania was in varying degrees a feature of the political and cultural lives of several totalitarian regimes such as the Soviet Union , Nazi Germany , Fascist Italy , People 's Republic of China and the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea .

neg: Task Force ciliegio La Task Force `` Ciliegio '' , meglio conosciuta col nome Latino `` Cerasus '' è un unità d'elite interforze composta dai migliori operatori appartenenti alle forze speciali delle forze armate Italiane e delle forze di polizia e per questo unità unica nel suo genere .  Ufficialmente inesistente fino an inizio 2017 quando il Ministro degli esteri Angelino Alfano in un fuori onda durante un intervista ha lasciato trapelare qualcosa , tutt ` oggi comunque le fonti ufficiali si limitano a parlare di `` forze speciali '' senza specificare nulla , già nel 2015 comunque l'allora comandante delle forze speciali NATO dispiegate in Iraq , il Generale Hawk , disse ad alcuni giornalisti che avevano sentito parlare dell ` unità da fonti locali : `` Tecnicamente la Task Force Cerasus non esiste ma se esistesse sarebbe una elite degli uomini e delle donne delle migliori unità . Gli Alpha Dog . Quando tutto il resto fallisce ... loro vincono . ''  La Task Force Cerasus prende il nome e l'ispirazione da un unità anti terrorismo Israeliana , il Sayeret Duvdevan , il compito dell ` unità è principalmente la raccolta di informazioni in territorio ostile e sul suolo nazionale , coadiuvato dalle forze di polizia dislocate sul territorio , si occupa spesso di scorte a personaggi di alto livello e collabora con reparti quali GIS e NOCS nella cattura di pericolosi latitanti .  Attualemente non è ancora stato specificato l'esatto numero dei componenti di questa unità ma si sa che hanno operato in passato in due distaccamenti , ALFA e BRAVO , dislocati rispettivamente an Ozzacots , sul confine tra Moldavia e Ucraina , a sorveglianza dei siti NATO e a Enacoid nella zona rurale a confine tra Afghanistan e Iran dove è stata impegnata insieme alla TF45 .