query: The programmer of Tetris was Alexey Pajitnov.

pos: Tetris Tetris ( , pronounced -LSB- ˈtɛtrʲɪs -RSB- ) is a tile-matching puzzle video game , originally designed and programmed by Russian game designer Alexey Pajitnov . It was released on June 6 , 1984 , while he was working for the Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Moscow . He derived its name from the Greek numerical prefix tetra - ( all of the game 's pieces contain four segments ) and tennis , Pajitnov 's favorite sport .   Tetris was the first entertainment software to be exported from the USSR to the US , where it was published by Spectrum HoloByte for Commodore 64 and IBM PC . The Tetris game is a popular use of tetrominoes , the four-element special case of polyominoes . Polyominoes have been used in popular puzzles since at least 1907 , and the name was given by the mathematician Solomon W. Golomb in 1953 . However , even the enumeration of pentominoes is dated to antiquity .   The game ( or one of its many variants ) is available for nearly every video game console and computer operating system , as well as on devices such as graphing calculators , mobile phones , portable media players , PDAs , Network music players and even as an Easter egg on non-media products like oscilloscopes . It has even inspired Tetris serving dishes and been played on the sides of various buildings .   While versions of Tetris were sold for a range of 1980s home computer platforms as well as arcades , it was the hugely successful handheld version for the Game Boy launched in 1989 that established the game as one of the most popular ever . Electronic Gaming Monthly '' 's 100th issue had Tetris in first place as `` Greatest Game of All Time '' . In 2007 , Tetris came in second place in IGN 's `` 100 Greatest Video Games of All Time '' . In January 2010 , it was announced that the Tetris franchise had sold more than 170 million copies , approximately 70 million physical copies and over 100 million copies for cell phones , making it the best selling paid-downloaded game of all time . On 14 March 2014 , The Tetris Company announced a deal to bring Tetris '' to two of the latest hardware platforms , the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 , in partnership with Ubisoft ( publishing ) and SoMa Play ( development ) , to coincide with the franchise 's 30th anniversary .

neg: Bit.Trip Bit.Trip , stylized BIT.TRIP , is a series of seven video games developed by Choice Provisions ( or under their previous name Gaijin Games ) and published by Aksys Games for the Wii , Nintendo 3DS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PS Vita , and PS4 . It was published by Arc System Works for WiiWare and Nintendo eShop in Japan , and by Namco Networks America Inc for the iPhone , iPod Touch and iPad . Each game revolves around the adventures of a character named `` Commander Video '' , and features `` a crazy mix of 80s aesthetics and modern game design '' . The styles of the games range from pong-like , to platforming , and shooting . Each game in the series features a chiptune-inspired soundtrack , but a different style of rhythm-based gameplay in each . Most games in the series have few levels ; Beat , Core , Void and Flux have only three levels each while Fate has six and Runner has 36 . Most of the games feature levels lasting between 10 and 25 minutes to make up for having such few levels . The games also consists of 8 modes , Nether , Hyper , Mega , Super , Ultra , Extra , Giga , and Meta , which changes based on how well the player does . Each successive game adds a new mode , the highest being Mega in Beat , and Meta in Flux .

neg: Competitive programming Competitive programming is a mind sport usually held over the Internet or a local network , involving participants trying to program according to provided specifications . Contestants are referred to as sport programmers . Competitive programming is recognized and supported by several multinational software and Internet companies , such as Google , and Facebook . There are several organizations who host programming competitions on a regular basis .   A programming competition generally involves the host presenting a set of logical or mathematical problems to the contestants ( who can vary in number from tens to several thousands ) , and contestants are required to write computer programs capable of solving each problem . Judging is based mostly upon number of problems solved and time spent for writing successful solutions , but may also include other factors ( quality of output produced , execution time , program size , etc. . )

neg: Doctor Who (pinball) Doctor Who is a pinball machine designed by Bill Pfutzenreuter ( Pfutz ) and Barry Oursler , and released by Midway ( under the Bally brand name ) in September 1992 . It is based on the television series of the same name , although the relationship of spinoff media to the parent series is open to question . As stated in the Gameplay section , the rulesheet is rather different from other pinball machines released at the time , which did n't help popularity ( and even now it is still seen as an exotic machine amongst collectors ) as casual players did not understand the complex rule changes that occur during the game .   The first 100 games included a moving Dalek topper that would turn side-to-side while the robot was speaking . The effect was achieved by fitting the robot 's body with a complex motor , cam , and optoelectronics system . Its complexity and expense lead to it being cut from the production run . Production Dalek toppers can be made to move with `` wobble head kits '' .   Prototypes featured the old Bally-style backbox ( and a totally different backglass ) , but this was changed to the Williams-styled one in order to cheapen the production process for both product lines .

neg: Andrey Ershov Academician Andrey Petrovych Ershov ( Андре́й Петро́вич Ершо́в 19 April 1931 , Moscow -- 8 December 1988 , Moscow ) was a Soviet computer scientist , notable as a pioneer in systems programming and programming language research .   Donald Knuth considers him to have independently co-discovered the idea of hashing with linear probing . He also created one of the first algorithms for compiling arithmetic expressions .   He was responsible for the languages ALPHA and Rapira , AIST-0 the first Soviet time-sharing system , electronic publishing system RUBIN , and MRAMOR , a multiprocessing workstation . He also was the initiator of developing the Computer Bank of the Russian Language , the Soviet project for creating a large representative Russian corpus , a project in the 1980s comparable to the Bank of English and British National Corpus . The Russian National Corpus created by the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 2000s is a successor of Ershov 's project .   From 1959 he worked at the Siberian Division of the USSR Academy of Sciences , and helped found both the Novosibirsk Computer Center and the Siberian School of Computer Science .   He received the Academician A. N. Krylov Prize from the Academy of Sciences , the first programmer to be so recognized . In 1974 he was made a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society , and in 1981 he received the Silver Core Award of the IFIP .   To computer science community he is mostly known for his speech `` Aesthetics and the Human Factor in Programming '' presented at the dinner at the AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1972 and , due to its importance , republished as an article by the Communications of the ACM .

neg: Chaos game In mathematics , the term chaos game originally referred to a method of creating a fractal , using a polygon and an initial point selected at random inside it . The fractal is created by iteratively creating a sequence of points , starting with the initial random point , in which each point in the sequence is a given fraction of the distance between the previous point and one of the vertices of the polygon ; the vertex is chosen at random in each iteration . Repeating this iterative process a large number of times , selecting the vertex at random on each iteration , and throwing out the first few points in the sequence , will often ( but not always ) produce a fractal shape . Using a regular triangle and the factor 1/2 will result in the Sierpinski triangle , while creating the proper arrangement with four points and a factor 1/2 will create a display of a `` Sierpinski Tetrahedron '' , the three-dimensional analogue of the Sierpinski triangle . As the number of points is increased to a number N , the arrangement forms a corresponding ( N-1 ) - dimensional Sierpinski Simplex .   The term has been generalized to refer to a method of generating the attractor , or the fixed point , of any iterated function system ( IFS ) . Starting with any point x0 , successive iterations are formed as xk +1 = fr ( xk ) , where fr is a member of the given IFS randomly selected for each iteration . The iterations converge to the fixed point of the IFS . Whenever x0 belongs to the attractor of the IFS , all iterations xk stay inside the attractor and , with probability 1 , form a dense set in the latter .   The `` chaos game '' method plots points in random order all over the attractor . This is in contrast to other methods of drawing fractals , which test each pixel on the screen to see whether it belongs to the fractal . The general shape of a fractal can be plotted quickly with the `` chaos game '' method , but it may be difficult to plot some areas of the fractal in detail .   The `` chaos game '' method is mentioned in Tom Stoppard 's 1993 play Arcadia .   With the aid of the `` chaos game '' a new fractal can be made and while making the new fractal some parameters can be obtained . These parameters are useful for applications of fractal theory such as classification and identification . The new fractal is self-similar to the original in some important features such as fractal dimension .   If in the `` chaos game '' you start at each vertex and go through all possible paths that the game can take , you will get the same image as with only taking one random path . However , taking more than one path is rarely done since the overhead for keeping track of every path makes it far slower to calculate . This method does have the advantages of illustrating how the fractal is formed more clearly than the standard method as well as being deterministic .

neg: Hiroyuki Goto recited pi from memory to 42,195 decimal places at NHK Broadcasting Centre , Tokyo on 18 February 1995 . This set the world record at the time , which was held for more than a decade until Lu Chao beat it in 2005 .   He is a game designer at Namco . He is the creator of word puzzle video game Kotoba no Puzzle Moji Pittan , which was released as an arcade game in 2001 and later become available for various console and portable gaming systems .

neg: Tetris Attack Tetris Attack is a 1995 puzzle video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy . It is the first game in the Puzzle League series . While it was originally known in Japan as Panel de Pon ( パネルでポン Paneru de Pon ) for the Super Famicom and featured different art assets and characters , its English localization was replaced with characters from Super Mario World 2 : Yoshi 's Island . It was released on the Game Boy under the same name . The Game Boy release of the Yoshi version was also later released in Japan . On November 3 , 1996 , a version was released for the Super Famicom 's Satellaview satellite modem service as . This game is similar to the Baku Baku Animal , developed by Sega in 1995 .   Despite using the Tetris name , this game has no resemblance to its Russian namesake . This has led Henk Rogers of The Tetris Company to say that he regrets granting permission to Nintendo to use the name .

neg: World Chess Championship 1978 The 1978 World Chess Championship was played between Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi in Baguio City , Philippines from July 18 to October 18 , 1978 . Karpov won , thereby retaining the title .   The match had many bizarre incidents . Karpov 's team included a Dr. Zukhar ( a well known hypnotist ) , while Korchnoi adopted two local renegades currently on bail for attempted murder . There was more controversy off the board , with histrionics ranging from X-raying of chairs , protests about the flags used on the board , the inevitable hypnotism complaints and the mirror glasses used by Korchnoi . When Karpov 's team sent him a blueberry yogurt during a game without any request for one by Karpov , the Korchnoi team protested , claiming it could be some kind of code . They later said this was intended as a parody of earlier protests , but it was taken seriously at the time .   In quality of play , the match itself never measured up to the press headlines that it generated , although as a sporting contest it had its share of excitement . The match would go to the first player to win six games , draws not counting . After 17 games , Karpov had a 4 -- 1 lead . Korchnoi won game 21 , but Karpov won game 27 , putting him on the brink of victory with a 5 -- 2 lead . Korchnoi fought back , scoring three wins and one draw in the next four games , to equalise the match at 5 -- 5 after 31 games . However , Karpov won the very next game , and the match , by 6 -- 5 with 21 draws .

neg: Pablo Rodriguez (computer scientist) Pablo Rodriguez ( -LSB- ˈpaβlo roˈðɾiɣeθ -RSB- ; born 17 April 1972 ) is a Spanish computer scientist and researcher , who is best known for his research in the mid-2000s on peer-to-peer file sharing and user-generated content . After working for technology and communications companies AT&T and Microsoft Research , Rodriguez returned to Spain in 2006 to become the research director for telecommunications provider Telefónica . In 2010 took a position as an adjunct professor at Columbia University in New York .   Rodriguez has been a frequent guest speaker at technology conferences in Europe , such as the International World Wide Web Conference , TEDx Barcelona and the Wired Conference in London . He has collaborated with chef Ferran Adrià of the restaurant elBulli to develop Bullipedia , and in 2014 with football team FC Barcelona to analyze their strategies .

neg: Visual Pinball Visual Pinball is a freeware and source available video game engine for pinball tables and similar games such as pachinko machines . The software is composed of an editor and the simulator part itself . It runs on Microsoft Windows . The program is also able to operate with Visual PinMAME , an emulator for ROM images from real pinball machines .   A huge variety of user-created Visual Pinball tables are available on the internet . Players can choose between faithful recreations of existing pinball machines with or without ROM emulation and original pinball simulations based on licensed themes or completely self-designed tables .   Visual Pinball can be used to play the simulations on a common desktop PC and monitor , but also allows for cabinet support , including different monitors and TVs ( to display the playfield and backbox similar to a real pinball machine , including the option to use 3D televisions ) , giving the illusion of playing real pinball . Newer versions also added touch controls , making it possible to play on tablet computers and smartphones .   In February 2010 , the source code of Visual Pinball was released under a license that allows free use for non-commercial purposes .

neg: Kirill Gerasimov Kirill Gerasimov ( Кирилл Герасимов , born June 5 , 1971 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) is a Russian professional poker player .

neg: Pavel Eljanov Pavel Eljanov ( Павло Володимирович Ельянов , Pavlo Volodymyrovych Eljanov ; born 10 May 1983 ) is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster . He has won two team gold medals and one individual silver medal at the Chess Olympiads .   He acted as a second for Boris Gelfand in the World Chess Championship 2007 , Candidates Matches 2011 and World Chess Championship 2012 , for Magnus Carlsen in the World Chess Championship 2013 , and for Mariya Muzychuk in the Women 's World Chess Championship 2016 .

neg: Slot machine A slot machine ( American English ) , informally fruit machine ( British English ) , puggy ( Scottish English slang ) , the slots ( Canadian and American English ) , poker machine ( or pokies in slang ) ( Australian English and New Zealand English ) or simply slot ( American English ) , is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed . Slot machines are also known as one-armed bandits because they were originally operated by one lever on the side of the machine as distinct from a button on the front panel , and because of their ability to leave the player in debt and impoverished . Many modern machines are still equipped with a legacy lever in addition to the button .   Slot machines include a currency detector that validates the money inserted to play . The machine pays off according to patterns of symbols visible on the front of the machine when it stops . Modern computer technology has resulted in variations on the slot machine concept . Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in casinos and constitute about 70 percent of the average US casino 's income .

neg: Daniel Sleator Daniel Dominic Kaplan Sleator ( born 10 December 1953 in St. Louis ) is a Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , United States . In 1999 , he won the ACM Paris Kanellakis Award ( jointly with Robert Tarjan ) for the splay tree data structure .   He was one of the pioneers in amortized analysis of algorithms , early examples of which were the analyses of the move-to-front heuristic , and splay trees . He invented many data structures with Robert Tarjan , such as splay trees , link/cut trees , and skew heaps .   The Sleator and Tarjan paper on the move-to-front heuristic first suggested the idea of comparing an online algorithm to an optimal offline algorithm , for which the term competitive analysis was later coined in a paper of Karlin , Manasse , Rudolph , and Sleator . Sleator also developed the theory of link grammars , and the Serioso music analyzer for analyzing meter and harmony in written music .

neg: Antix (video game) Antix is a video game developed by Dmitry Pavlovsky , one of the original developers of the video game Tetris , and realized in 1985 . '' . The game was named Antix by Dmitry , what is short for Antixonix , because it was a version of a game Xonix .   The game has an inverted hidden play field . It was first developed for the Elektronika 60 and then ported to MS-DOS by Dmitry and Vadim Gerasimov . Xonix was very popular at Dorodnicyn Computing Centre , where Dmitry was a computer engineer , and in Moscow before Tetris was made .

neg: Warp (video game) Warp is a text adventure game , written in the early 1980s by Rob Lucke and Bill Frolik for the Hewlett-Packard HP 3000 .   The game was never officially released , but found widespread distribution through the HP INTEREX user community . It became so popular among HP users that the authors were compelled to include a mechanism to prevent playing it during working hours .   Warp is arguably one of the most advanced text adventure games ever created . Its main strength is its command parser , which attempts to understand complex natural English syntax such as `` Go west and get everything but the lamp from the toolbox '' or `` Backtrack 2 moves . Next , inspect the peg and fountain '' . The command processor supports macros ( custom commands ) , recursion , conditional tests , and multiple saved states , making it conceivable for one to construct a script that can play the game from start to finish .   The world of Warp is extensive , interesting and dangerous . Most of the action takes place in a large sea resort , including islands and reefs which can be explored by boat . The game 's name alludes to an interesting twist in the world 's laws of physics . There are many ways to die , and a player will likely experience all of them before figuring out how to collect all the treasures and win the game . For the clever few who get that far , there is an endgame with even more puzzles to solve .   Warp for the HP 3000 was originally coded in about 17,000 lines of HP 3000 Pascal combined with some 6000 lines of textual data . Circa 2003 , Lucke also ported the code to ANSI C , initially for HP-UX , and later for Linux . There are a total of 1216 points that can be acquired in the main game , with a further 100 endgame points .

neg: Bartle taxonomy of player types The Bartle taxonomy of player types is a classification of video game players ( gamers ) based on a 1996 paper by Richard Bartle according to their preferred actions within the game . The classification originally described players of multiplayer online games ( including MUDs and MMORPGs ) , though now it also refers to players of single-player video games .   The taxonomy is based on a character theory . This character theory consists of four characters : Achievers , Explorers , Socializers , and Killers . These are imagined according to a quadrant model where the X axis represents preference for interacting with other players vs. exploring the world and the Y axis represents preference for interaction vs. unilateral action .   A test known as Bartle Test of Gamer Psychology based on Bartle 's taxonomy was created in 1999 -- 2000 by Erwin Andreasen and Brandon Downey , containing a series of questions and an accompanying scoring formula . Although the test has met with some criticism for the dichotomous nature of its question-asking method , as of October 2011 , it had been taken over 800,000 times .   The result of the Bartle Test is the `` Bartle Quotient '' , which is calculated based on the answers to a series of 30 random questions in the test , and totals 200 % across all categories , with no single category exceeding 100 % . For example , a person may score `` 100 % Killer , 50 % Socializer , 40 % Achiever , 10 % Explorer '' , which indicates a player who prefers fighting other players relative to any other area of interest . Scores are typically abbreviated by the first letter of each category , in order of the quotient . In the previous example , this result would be described as a `` KSAE '' result .

neg: Nondeterministic programming A nondeterministic programming language is a language which can specify , at certain points in the program ( called `` choice points '' ) , various alternatives for program flow . Unlike an if-then statement , the method of choice between these alternatives is not directly specified by the programmer ; the program must decide at run time between the alternatives , via some general method applied to all choice points . A programmer specifies a limited number of alternatives , but the program must later choose between them . ( `` Choose '' is , in fact , a typical name for the nondeterministic operator . ) A hierarchy of choice points may be formed , with higher-level choices leading to branches that contain lower-level choices within them .   One method of choice is embodied in backtracking systems ( such as AMB , or unification in Prolog ) , in which some alternatives may `` fail , '' causing the program to backtrack and try other alternatives . If all alternatives fail at a particular choice point , then an entire branch fails , and the program will backtrack further , to an older choice point . One complication is that , because any choice is tentative and may be remade , the system must be able to restore old program states by undoing side-effects caused by partially executing a branch that eventually failed .   Another method of choice is reinforcement learning , embodied in systems such as Alisp . In such systems , rather than backtracking , the system keeps track of some measure of success and learns which choices often lead to success , and in which situations ( both internal program state and environmental input may affect the choice ) . These systems are suitable for applications to robotics and other domains in which backtracking would involve attempting to undo actions performed in a dynamic environment , which may be difficult or impractical .

neg: For loop In computer science , a for-loop ( or simply for loop ) is a control flow statement for specifying iteration , which allows code to be executed repeatedly . The syntax of a for-loop is based on the heritage of the language and the prior programming languages it borrowed from , so programming languages that are descendants of or offshoots of a language that originally provided an iterator will often use the same keyword to name an iterator , e.g. , descendants of ALGOL use `` for '' , while descendants of Fortran use `` do . '' There are other possibilities , for example COBOL which uses `` PERFORM VARYING '' .   Unlike many other kinds of loops , such as the while-loop , the for-loop is often distinguished by an explicit loop counter or loop variable . This allows the body of the for-loop ( the code that is being repeatedly executed ) to know about the sequencing of each iteration . For-loops are also typically used when the number of iterations is known before entering the loop . For-loops are the shorthand way to make loops when the number of iterations is known , as every for-loop could be written as a while-loop .   The name for-loop comes from the English word for , which is used as the keyword in most programming languages to introduce a for-loop . The term in English dates to ALGOL 58 and was popularized in the influential later ALGOL 60 ; it is the direct translation of the earlier German für , used in Superplan ( 1949 -- 1951 ) by Heinz Rutishauser , who also was involved in defining ALGOL 58 and ALGOL 60 . The loop body is executed `` for '' the given values of the loop variable , though this is more explicit in the ALGOL version of the statement , in which a list of possible values and/or increments can be specified .   In FORTRAN and PL/I though , the keyword DO is used and it is called a do-loop , but it is otherwise identical to the for-loop described here and is not to be confused with the do-while loop .


query: Berlin is a place.

pos: Capital city A capital city ( or simply capital ) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country , state , province , or other region , usually as its seat of government . A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of its respective government ; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution . In some jurisdictions , including several countries , the different branches of government are located in different settlements . In some cases , a distinction is made between the official ( constitutional ) capital and the seat of government , which is in another place .

pos: Berlin Berlin ( -LSB- bəɹˈlɪn -RSB- , -LSB- bɛɐ̯ˈliːn -RSB- ) is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its 16 constituent states . With a population of approximately 3.7 million , Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union . Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of the rivers Spree and Havel , it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region , which has roughly 6 million residents from more than 180 nations . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . Around one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes .   First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 14171701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 -- 1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871 -- 1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919 -- 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 -- 1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world . After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries , the city was divided ; East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany , while West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave , surrounded by the Berlin Wall ( 1961 -- 1989 ) and East German territory . Following German reunification in 1990 , Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany .   Berlin is a world city of culture , politics , media and science . Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector , encompassing a diverse range of creative industries , research facilities , media corporations and convention venues . Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network . The metropolis is a popular tourist destination . Significant industries also include IT , pharmaceuticals , biomedical engineering , clean tech , biotechnology , construction and electronics .   Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities , orchestras , museums , entertainment venues and is host to many sporting events . Its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions . The city is well known for its festivals , diverse architecture , nightlife , contemporary arts and a high quality of living . Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene .

neg: Friedrichstraße The Friedrichstraße ( -LSB- ˈfʁiːdʁɪçˌʃtʁaːsə -RSB- ) ( lit . Frederick Street ) is a major culture and shopping street in central Berlin , forming the core of the Friedrichstadt neighborhood and giving the name to Berlin Friedrichstraße station . It runs from the northern part of the old Mitte district ( north of which it is called Chausseestraße ) to the Hallesches Tor in the district of Kreuzberg .   This downtown area is known for its posh real estate market and the campus of the Hertie School of Governance . Due to its north-southerly direction , it forms important junctions with the east-western axes , most notably with Leipziger Straße and Unter den Linden . The U6 U-Bahn line runs underneath . During the Cold War it was bisected by the Berlin Wall and was the location of Checkpoint Charlie .

neg: Schwerbelastungskörper The Schwerbelastungskörper ( German : `` heavy load-bearing body '' ) ( a.k.a. Großbelastungskörper - GBK ) is a hefty concrete cylinder in Berlin , Germany located at the intersection of Dudenstraße , General-Pape-Straße , and Loewenhardtdamm in the northwestern part of the borough of Tempelhof . It was erected in 1941-1942 by Hitler 's chief architect Albert Speer to determine the feasibility of constructing large buildings on the area 's marshy , sandy ground , specifically a massive triumphal arch on a nearby plot . The arch , which would be in the style of the Nazi architectural movement , was to be about three times as large as the Arc de Triomphe in Paris and was one component of a plan to redesign the center of Berlin as an imposing , monumental capital reflecting the spirit of the Third Reich as envisioned by Hitler .   Built by Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG in 1941 at a cost of 400,000 Reichsmark , the Schwerbelastungskörper consists of a foundation with a diameter of 11 m ( 36 ft ) that reaches 18.2 m ( 59 ft ) into the ground and contains rooms which once housed instruments to measure ground subsidence caused by the weight of the cylinder , which was estimated as equivalent to the load calculated for one pillar of the intended arch . On this foundation a cylinder 14 m ( 46 ft ) high and 21 m ( 69 ft ) in diameter weighing 12,650 tonnes was erected at street level . The entire construction puts a weight of 12.65 kg per cm ² on an area of 100 m ² . If it were to sink less than 6 cm ( 2.5 in ) the soil would be deemed sound enough for further construction without additional stabilization . The cylinder itself was to be subsequently buried under an artificial hill upon which the triumphal arch was to be erected , enabling a panoramic view down a new wide north-south axis to a huge assembly hall to be constructed near , and dwarfing , the Brandenburg Gate .   Work on the new capital was soon discontinued because of World War II and measurements at the cylinder ceased in June 1944 . An analysis of the meticulous measurements only took place in 1948 , revealing that the cylinder had sunk some 19 cm ( ca. 7 inches ) after two and a half years . The arch as conceived by Speer could only have been built after considerable prior stabilization of the ground .   Removal of the cylinder was considered after the war to create new building sites , but because of its mass as well as nearby train tracks and apartment buildings the structure could not be safely demolished with explosives . Measurements of the subsidence were resumed and continued until 1977 under the auspices of the Technical University of Berlin as part of a project to compile data about the city 's geologic foundation . Since 1995 the monumental cylinder has been protected as a historic monument . It is open to the public for viewing and guided tours .

neg: Operation Clausewitz Operation Clausewitz was the codeword initiation of the defence of Berlin plan by Nazi Germany during the final stage of the European conflict of World War II , the Battle of Berlin . Clausewitz was established in the 9 March 1945 document , Basic Order for the Preparations for the Defense of the Reich Capital ( Grundsätzlicher Befehl für die Vorbereitungen zur Verteidigung der Reichshauptstadt ) , a 33 page document containing 24 separate points . The second point of the document , in full ( translated ) is : `` The Reich capital will be defended to the last man and to the last bullet . '' It has been referred to as the Nazis ' last stand against the Soviets .   The document divided the city of Berlin into 9 operational defense zones ( A through H , as slices of the outer city of Berlin and Z , its center , corresponding to the government district ) . It further divided the region into four concentric rings : an outer exclusion zone , extending well past Berlin 's city limits ; an outer defense zone extending roughly to the city limits ; an inner defense zone extending out to the Berlin Ringbahn ; and the Citadel ( Zitadelle ) , again , zone Z . In addition to the establishment of defense zones , this document also described the overall mechanism by which Berlin would be converted to a front line city . This included :  The evacuation of all Wehrmacht and SS offices in Berlin  Evacuation of the central command post of the capital from General Command on Hohenzollerndamm to L-Tower of the Zoo bunker no more than six hours after the issuance of Clausewitz  The imposition of martial law for the civilian populace , and offenses under which the death penalty was authorized  Hitler ordered the execution of Fall Clausewitz on 20 April 1945 . This set into motion preparedness according to the Basic Order plan , and would have been followed later by the codeword Kolberg meaning full preparedness should be completed and the battle has started .

neg: Berliner Berliner is most often used to designate a citizen of Berlin , Germany , but may also refer to :   The Berliner ( film ) , a 1948 German motion picture directed by Robert A. Stemmle  Berliner ( doughnut ) , a pastry  Berliner ( format ) , a paper size in newspapers  Berliner ( surname )  Berliner ( train ) , the CityNightLine line on the Zürich-Berlin Ostbahnhof route  Ich bin ein Berliner , a famous speech by John F. Kennedy  Berliner Gramophone , a record label  Berliner Aircraft Company , now Berliner-Joyce Aircraft  Berliner Lake , a lake in Minnesota  Berliner Zeitung , a newspaper  Berliner Motor Corporation , a defunct US motorcycle distributor of the 1950s through 1980s

neg: Inner German border The inner German border ( innerdeutsche Grenze or deutsch-deutsche Grenze ; initially also Zonengrenze ) was the border between the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) and the Federal Republic of Germany ( FRG , West Germany ) from 1949 to 1990 . Not including the similar and physically separate Berlin Wall , the border was 1393 km long and ran from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia .   It was formally established on 1 July 1945 as the boundary between the Western and Soviet occupation zones of former Nazi Germany . On the eastern side , it was made one of the world 's most heavily fortified frontiers , defined by a continuous line of high metal fences and walls , barbed wire , alarms , anti-vehicle ditches , watchtowers , automatic booby traps and minefields . It was patrolled by 50,000 armed East German guards who faced tens of thousands of West German , British and US guards and soldiers . In the hinterlands behind the border were more than a million North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ( NATO ) and Warsaw Pact troops .   The border was a physical manifestation of Winston Churchill 's metaphorical Iron Curtain that separated the Soviet and Western blocs during the Cold War . It marked the boundary between two ideological systems -- capitalism and communism . Built by East Germany in phases from 1952 to the late 1980s , the fortifications were constructed to stop the large-scale emigration of East German citizens to the West , about 1,000 of whom are said to have died trying to cross it during its 45-year existence . It caused widespread economic and social disruption on both sides ; East Germans living in the region suffered especially draconian restrictions .   The better-known Berlin Wall was a physically separate , less elaborate , and much shorter border barrier surrounding West Berlin , more than 155 km to the east of the inner German border ( Berlin having been similarly divided by the four powers after World War II , despite the entire city being in the Soviet zone , thus creating an exclave of West Germany surrounded by East Germany ) . On 9 November 1989 , the East German government announced the opening of the Berlin Wall and the inner German border . Over the following days , millions of East Germans poured into the West to visit . Hundreds of thousands moved permanently to the West in the following months as more crossings were opened , and ties between long-divided communities were re-established as border controls became little more than a cursory formality . The inner German border was not completely abandoned until 1 July 1990 , exactly 45 years to the day since its establishment , and only three months before German reunification formally ended Germany 's division .   Little remains of the inner German border 's fortifications . Its route has been declared part of a `` European Green Belt '' linking national parks and nature reserves along the course of the old Iron Curtain from the Arctic Circle to the Black Sea . Museums and memorials along the old border commemorate the division and reunification of Germany and , in some places , preserve elements of the fortifications .

neg: Wedding (Berlin) Wedding ( der Wedding -LSB- ˈvɛdɪŋ -RSB- ) is a locality in the borough of Mitte , Berlin , Germany and was a separate borough in the north-western inner city until it was fused with Tiergarten and Mitte in Berlin 's 2001 administrative reform . At the same time the eastern half of the former borough of Wedding -- on the other side of Reinickendorfer Straße -- was separated as the new locality of Gesundbrunnen .

neg: Berlin Conference (disambiguation) The Berlin Conference may refer to :  Congress of Berlin ( 1878 ) , concerning the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War and the political future of the Balkans  Berlin Conference ( 1884 -- 85 ) , concerning the Scramble for Africa  Berlin Conference ( 1945 ) , an older alternative name for the Potsdam Conference  Berlin Conference ( 1954 ) , concerning the Cold War

neg: Berlin Trilogy The Berlin Trilogy consists of three consecutively released studio albums by English singer and songwriter David Bowie : Low ( 1977 ) , `` Heroes '' ( 1977 ) and Lodger ( 1979 ) . The albums were recorded after Bowie took up residence in West Berlin in late 1976 , and saw him experiment with elements of electronic , krautrock , ambient , and world music in collaboration with American producer Tony Visconti and English musician Brian Eno .   Bowie began referring to the three albums as a Berlin-centered trilogy during the promotion of Lodger , although `` Heroes '' was the only installment primarily recorded in the city . Each album reached the UK top five . Bowie would later call the music of the trilogy his `` DNA '' . Consequence of Sound characterized the trilogy as an `` art rock trifecta '' , while Rolling Stone wrote that '' ' -LSB- the -RSB- ` Berlin Trilogy ' stands as some of the most innovative music in the artist 's influential canon '' . According to Robert Christgau , `` the true beginnings of illbient and chillout techno '' lay in the `` second side '' of each album .

neg: United States Army Berlin U.S. Army Berlin ( USAB ) was a command of the United States Army created in December 1961 at the height of the Berlin Wall crisis . USAB was a combined command with the Headquarters , U.S. Command Berlin ( USCOB ) . This combined organization was sometimes called the `` Berlin Command '' . USCOB/USAB was a separate command from the U.S. Army Europe ( USAREUR ) which had previously been in command of American troops in West Berlin .   The major general who commanded this organization held the title of `` Commandant ; U.S. Commander Berlin ; Commander , U.S. Army Berlin '' . A brigadier general served as the `` Commander , Berlin Brigade ( Infantry ) ; Deputy Commander , U.S. Army Berlin and Community Commander '' .   The shoulder sleeve insignia adopted by USAB was the same as the patch used by the Berlin Brigade -- the USAREUR patch with a Berlin tab . By the mid-1960 's , the Berlin tab was incorporated into the patch .   Its headquarters were located at the Clay Headquarters Compound on Clayallee in Berlin 's Zehlendorf district .

neg: Berliner Singakademie Berliner Singakademie may refer to :   Berliner Singakademie ( East Berlin ) , a musical society founded in East Berlin in 1963  Sing-Akademie zu Berlin , or Berliner Singakademie , a musical society founded in Berlin in 1791

neg: Saxony The Free State of Saxony ( der Freistaat Sachsen -LSB- ˈfʁaɪ̯ʃtaːt ˈzaksn̩ -RSB- Swobodny stat Sakska ) is a landlocked federal state of Germany , bordering the federal states of Brandenburg , Saxony Anhalt , Thuringia , and Bavaria , as well as the countries of Poland ( Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships ) and the Czech Republic ( Karlovy Vary , Liberec and Ústí nad Labem Regions ) . Its capital is Dresden , and its largest city is Leipzig .   Saxony is the tenth largest of Germany 's sixteen states , with an area of 18,413 km2 , and the sixth most populous , with 4 million people .   Located in the middle of a large , formerly all German-speaking part of Europe , the history of the state of Saxony spans more than a millennium . It has been a medieval duchy , an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire , a kingdom , and twice a republic .   The area of the modern state of Saxony should not be confused with Old Saxony , the area inhabited by Saxons . Old Saxony corresponds approximately to the modern German states of Lower Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt and the Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia .

neg: Frankfurt Documents thumb | right | 200px | Members of the Frankfurt conference  Frankfurt Documents were a series of documents which were an important step on the way to the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany .   On July 1 , 1948 the representatives of the Western allied occupation forces handed over a number of documents to the prime ministers and two ruling mayors from the western zones of occupation , in which the recommendations were made , including establishing a West German state . The main problem of these recommendations was that they did not provide all-German solution , but only a West German state . The Frankfurt documents formed a working basis for the work on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . They were created at the London 6-Power Conference in early 1948 .   The handover took place in the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main , and the documents took the name of this town . The military governors Lucius D. Clay ( United States ) , Marie-Pierre Koenig ( France ) and Sir Brian Robertson ( UK ) issued an order establishing a western German state . Present were Peter Altmeier ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) , Karl Arnold ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , Lawrence Bock ( Württemberg-Hohenzollern ) , Max Brauer ( Hamburg ) , Hans Ehard ( Bavaria ) , Wilhelm Kaisen ( Bremen ) , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf ( Lower Saxony ) , Hermann Lüdemann ( Schleswig-Holstein ) , Reinhold Maier ( Württemberg-Baden ) , Christian Stock ( Hessen ) and Leo Wohleb ( Baden ) .   A West German state was to be established under the following conditions :   There should be a constitutional convention ( German : Verfassunggebende Versammlung , literally , `` Constituent Assembly '' ) before September 1 , 1948 , to draft a constitution shaping a federal form of government , while maintaining the rights of people and the participating states .  This constitution should first be approved by the military governments , then a referendum in the countries to ratify the Constitution .  The respective simple majority in two thirds of eleven West German states should be sufficient for ratification . Constitutional amendments must be approved by the military governors .  The German foreign policy should continue to be controlled by the military governors in a minimum , as Ruhr questions , repairs , industrial and rights of the Allied forces .  The boundaries of each state should be reviewed and it should , if necessary , taking into account of traditional forms of new countries are created , none compared to the other should be too large or too small .   The Frankfurt Documents prompted the Prime Minister to hold Rittersturz Conference in Koblenz , on the resolutions that were passed .   Category : Political history of Germany  Category : Political conferences

neg: Friedrichshain Friedrichshain is a district of Berlin , Germany . From its creation in 1920 until 2001 , it was a freestanding city borough . Formerly part of East Berlin , it is adjacent to Mitte , Prenzlauer Berg , Kreuzberg and Lichtenberg .   Friedrichshain is named after the Volkspark Friedrichshain , a vast green park at the northern border with Prenzlauer Berg . In the Nazi era , the borough was called Horst-Wessel-Stadt . Friedrichshain is one of the trendy districts of Berlin and has experienced gentrification .

neg: Fortifications of the inner German border The fortifications of the inner German border comprised a complex system of interlocking fortifications and security zones 1381 km long and several kilometres deep , running from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia . The outer fences and walls were the most familiar and visible aspect of the system for Western visitors to the border zone , but they were merely the final obstacle for a would-be escapee from East Germany . The complexity of the border system increased steadily until it reached its full extent in the early 1980s . The following description and the accompanying diagram describe the border as it was around 1980 .   Travelling notionally from east to west , an escapee would first reach the edge of the restricted zone ( Sperrzone ) , a closely controlled strip of land 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) wide , running parallel with the border . Evading the patrols and watchful inhabitants of the Sperrzone , the escapee would have reached the first of the border fences . The signal fence ( Signalzaun ) , around 500 to from the actual border , was lined with low-voltage electrified barbed wire which activated alarms when touched or cut .   Beyond the signal fence was the `` protective strip '' ( Schutzstreifen ) . It was brightly lit by floodlights in many places to reduce an escapee 's chances of using the cover of darkness . Guard towers , bunkers and dog runs were positioned at frequent intervals to keep a round-the-clock watch over the strip . Crossing the Schutzstreifen , the escapee would next reach the floodlit control strip , often called the `` death strip '' in the West . Tripwire-activated flare launchers were situated at various points to help the border guards pinpoint the location of an escape attempt . The last and most formidable obstacle was the outer fencing . In some places there were multiple parallel rows of fences , each up to several metres high , with minefields in between . The fences were not electrified but were booby-trapped with directional anti-personnel mines at intervals of 10 m , each one of which was capable of killing at a range of up to 120 m. Finally , the escapee had to cross whatever natural obstacles were on the western side of the border fence as well as traversing a strip of cleared ground that was up to 500 meters ( 1640 ft ) wide . While crossing this outer strip , the escapee would appear in clear view and shooting range of the border guards before reaching the safety of West German territory .

neg: Bernauer Straße Bernauer Straße is a street of Berlin situated between the localities of Gesundbrunnen and Mitte , today both belonging to the Mitte borough . It runs from the Mauerpark at the corner of Prenzlauer Berg to the Nordbahnhof . The street 's name refers to the town of Bernau bei Berlin , situated in Brandenburg .   When Berlin was a divided city , the Berlin Wall erected in 1961 ran along this street . Bernauer Straße became famous for escapes from windows of apartment blocks in the eastern part of the city , down to the street , which was in the West . Several people died here when the border was first enforced .

neg: Berlin Potsdamer Bahnhof The Potsdamer Bahnhof is a former railway terminus in Berlin , Germany . It was the first railway station in Berlin , opening in 1838 . It was located at Potsdamer Platz , about 1 km south of the Brandenburg Gate , and kick-started the transformation of Potsdamer Platz from an area of quiet villas near the south-east corner of the Tiergarten park into the bustling focal point that it eventually became . For more than a century it was the terminus for long-distance and suburban trains . Also located at this spot were underground stations on the Berlin U-Bahn and S-Bahn , and today 's new underground Regionalbahnhof , known as Bahnhof Potsdamer Platz , while the short-lived M-Bahn crossed the site of the former terminus .

neg: Berlin-Bonn Act The Berlin/Bonn Act ( Berlin/Bonn-Gesetz ) regulated the move of the German Bundestag and parts of the government from Bonn to Berlin . It also regulated the move of certain Federal agencies and other federal facilities to Bonn . The act was a consequence of the Hauptstadtbeschluss ( Enactment regarding the capital ) of 20 June 1991 which made Berlin the seat of government . Berlin had already been the capital of the united Germany since the Unification Treaty of 3 October 1990 . The Berlin/Bonn Act was enacted on 26 April 1994 . The act 's full official title is Act for the implementation of the enactment of the German Bundestag of 20 June 1991 for the completion of the German unity ( Gesetz zur Umsetzung des Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages vom 20 . Juni 1991 zur Vollendung der Einheit Deutschlands ) .   The Berlin/Bonn act determined which federal ministries moved to the capital and gave the city certain commitments regarding the preservation of Bonn as a location of politics . In addition , it awarded the city the title of a Federal City .   The act was implemented incrementally . The most important year was 1999 when the Bundestag moved to the Reichstag building in Berlin . At the same time , the Federal Court of Auditors and the Federal Cartel Office moved from Berlin and the Rhine-Main area to Bonn .

neg: Berlin Alexanderplatz Berlin Alexanderplatz ( -LSB- bɛɐˈliːn ˌalɛˈksandɐplats -RSB- ) is a 1929 novel by Alfred Döblin . It is considered one of the most important and innovative works of the Weimar Republic . In a 2002 poll of 100 noted writers the book was named among the top 100 books of all time .

neg: Factory Berlin Factory Berlin is a campus in Berlin that brings new startups together with mature high tech companies .   It has housed renowned startup companies including 6Wunderkinder , SoundCloud , Twitter , UBER and Zendesk . These companies cooperate as business incubators for other entrepreneurs and new startups , offering them workspace , networking , creative input , consulting services ( legal , business plans , financing , pitching etc. ) and other support at the Factory Berlin campus for free . Factory calls this model `` organic acceleration '' , as opposed to seed accelerators , which usually ask for shares in participating companies .   In February 2015 , Factory Berlin was the location of the first Startup Europe Summit .

neg: Berlin School of Economics and Law The Berlin School of Economics and Law ( BSEL , German : Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht , HWR ) is a leading German business school founded on 1 April 2009 through the merger of the Berlin School of Economics ( BSE ) and the FHVR Berlin . The BSEL portfolio provides a wide range of professional qualifications . BSEL is specialised in business and administration for the public and private sector , as well as public security , the law and engineering . The majority of programmes lead to a bachelor 's or master 's degree . Degrees have been quality controlled and are accredited by the German state . BSEL has an international approach with close working relationship with over 90 partner universities all over the world and has a very strict and selective admission policy .   The school offers a 5-year dual degree with France 's ESCE Business School ( Paris ) , enabling selected bilingual students to have the `` Master in Management '' from ESCE and the Master of Arts from HWR Berlin . This program is supported by The Franco-German University ( FGU ) .


query: Rope was a Dreamworks production.

pos: Rope (film) Rope is a 1948 American film noir psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton , and adapted by Hume Cronyn and Arthur Laurents .   The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions . Starring James Stewart , John Dall and Farley Granger , this is the first of Hitchcock 's Technicolor films , and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single continuous shot through the use of long takes .  It is the second of Hitchcock 's `` limited setting '' films , the first being Lifeboat .  The original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb .

neg: Joe Stillman Joseph `` Joe '' Stillman ( born August 1 , 1959 ) is an American television and movie writer , producer and director .   Before becoming a screenwriter he worked for several TV shows like Beavis and Butt-head , King of the Hill , Doug and The Adventures of Pete & Pete .   Stillman 's first screen credits were on Joseph : King of Dreams and his second on Shrek , both for DreamWorks . His most recent credits are on Planet 51 for TriStar and Gulliver 's Travels for 20th Century Fox .

neg: Craig McConnell Craig ( Robert ) McConnell ( born 1978 ) is a Canadian music producer , film and television composer , and songwriter . His ten feature films have received theatrical distribution in over 50 countries . His music is also featured in more than 4000 episodes of television broadcasting in over 25 countries worldwide .   His film scoring credits include Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy ( from the author of Trainspotting ) , Textuality ( starring Jason Lewis ) , Animal 2 ( starring Ving Rhames ) and 5ive Girls ( starring Ron Perlman ) . For television , he has composed for international TV series such as Word Girl ( PBS ) , Wedding SOS ( Slice ) and Property Virgins ( HGTV ) . Along with partner Justin Forsley , he recently wrote the theme song and underscore for the sitcom Life With Boys , from the creators of Hannah Montana .   In 2012 , he was nominated for `` Best Music '' at the 2012 British Independent Film Festival ( BIFF ) Awards for his work on Irvine Welsh 's Ecstasy .   Craig is an award-winning songwriter and producer ( Winner , USA Songwriting Competition , Best R&B ) with credits in North America , Asia and Europe across many musical genres . Recent artists include Keshia Chante ( Tanjola/Universal ) , Raghav ( Fontana ) , Crystal Kay ( Epic/Sony ) , Chemistry ( DefStar/Sony ) and Juno-winner Divine Brown .   McConnell holds a B.A.Sc from the University of Toronto ( Engineering Science ) and currently sits on the Board of Directors of the Screen Composers Guild of Canada . He is also the President of the production music company hard Music Design .

neg: Offshore construction Offshore construction is the installation of structures and facilities in a marine environment , usually for the production and transmission of electricity , oil , gas and other resources .   Construction and pre-commissioning is typically performed as much as possible onshore . To optimize the costs and risks of installing large offshore platforms , different construction strategies have been developed .   One strategy is to fully construct the offshore facility onshore , and tow the installation to site floating on its own buoyancy . Bottom founded structure are lowered to the seabed by de-ballasting ( see for instance Condeep or Cranefree ) , whilst floating structures are held in position with substantial mooring systems .   The size of offshore lifts can be reduced by making the construction modular , with each module being constructed onshore and then lifted using a crane vessel into place onto the platform . A number of very large crane vessels were built in the 1970s which allow very large single modules weighing up to 14,000 tonnes to be fabricated and then lifted into place .   Specialist floating hotel vessels known as flotels are used to accommodate workers during the construction and hook-up phases . This is a high cost activity due to the limited space and access to materials .   Oil platforms are key fixed installations from which drilling and production activity is carried out . Drilling rigs are either floating vessels for deeper water or jack-up designs which are a barge with liftable legs . Both of these types of vessel are constructed in marine yards but are often involved during the construction phase to pre-drill some production wells .  Other key factors in offshore construction are the weather window which defines periods of relatively light weather during which continuous construction or other offshore activity can take place . Safety is another key construction parameter , the main hazard obviously being a fall into the sea from which speedy recovery in cold waters is essential .   The main types of vessels used for pipe laying are the `` Derrick Barge ( DB ) '' , the `` Pipelay Barge ( LB ) '' and the `` Derrick/Lay barge ( DLB ) '' combination . Diving bells in offshore construction are mainly used in water depths greater than 120 ft , less than that , the divers use a metal basket driven from an `` A '' frame from the deck . The basket is lowered to the water level , then the divers enter the water from it to a maximum of 120 ft. Bells can go to 1500 ft , but are normally used at 400 to .   Offshore construction includes foundations engineering , structural design , construction , and/or repair of offshore structures , both commercial and military , including :  Subsea oil and gas developments  Offshore platforms -- fixed platforms , semi-submersibles , spars , tension leg platforms ( TLPs ) , floating production storage and offloading ( FPSOs ) , etc. .  Floating oil and gas platforms -- semi-submersibles , spars , TLPs , FPSOs , etc. .  Offshore wind power  Submarine pipelines

neg: Dark Horse: The Incredible True Story of Dream Alliance Dark Horse : The Incredible True Story of Dream Alliance is a 2014 documentary directed by Louise Osmond .

neg: Spellbound Pictures Spellbound Pictures Ltd. , USA LLC is a film and television production and distribution company founded by Mark McClafferty and Pamela Edwards McClafferty in 1996 .   Spellbound Pictures completed a $ 60,000,000.00 , 12 picture deal with Ellipse/Canal + , the French Entertainment giant in 1996 to supply the United Artist Theatre Circuit with a steady flow of family friendly films . It was under this deal that Spellbound Pictures along with Mehra Entertainment completed The Climb , starring John Hurt , Gregory Smith , and David Strathairn , which won eight international film festival awards and was released February 26 , 1999 .

neg: Dreamia Dreamia ( registered as Dreamia - Serviços de Televisão , S.A. ) is a producer of thematic channels for the Portuguese and African markets . It is a joint-venture between NOS and AMC Networks International Iberia . It produces the channels distributed by AMC Networks International Iberia .   Dreamia channels are some of the most watched channels in Portuguese cable , with Canal Hollywood regularly surpassing RTP 2 's ratings .

neg: List of The Dream Job episodes Mediacorp Channel 8 's television series The Dream Job is a blockbuster drama series produced by Mediacorp Studios in 2016 . In this series , a vast fortune and inheritance is at stake when a mysterious man offers three young candidates , who are eventually discovered to be his illegitimate children from the many affairs he had during his younger days , a dream job at his horticulture estate . Revenge and family politics are at play initially but the `` siblings '' overcome differences and band together when one of them gets falsely accused of committing murder .   The show began airing on Mediacorp Channel 8 on 28 June 2016 with 30 episodes .

neg: Lassie (1997 TV series) Lassie is a Canadian television series which aired from 1997 to 1999 on YTV in Canada and Sunday nights on the Animal Planet network in the United States , as a modified remake of the original Lassie series ( 1954 -- 1973 ) about a boy and his faithful dog . As with previous Lassie TV versions and several movies dating back to the original Lassie Come Home movie of 1943 , the star was Lassie , a trained Rough Collie .   Not to be confused with a previous , syndicated follow-up series entitled The New Lassie which aired 1989 -- 1991 , this Canadian-produced Lassie series starred Corey Sevier as 13-year-old Timmy Cabot in the fictional town of Hudson Falls , Vermont . The show was filmed in Quebec by Cinar Inc. . In this series ' story line , Timmy and his recently widowed mother , Dr. Karen Cabot , move to Hudson Falls , where Karen takes over a veterinary practice .   In the first ( 1997 ) season , Lassie was played by `` Howard '' , an eighth generation collie descended from `` Pal '' , the dog in the original 1943 movie Lassie Come Home . As with all previous Lassie movies and television series beginning with Pal , Howard was owned and trained by Weatherwax Trained Dogs , founded by brothers Frank and Rudd Weatherwax . Midway through production , Cinar replaced Howard with a non-Pal descended dog . Following Lassie fan protests , `` Hey Hey '' , son of Howard and a ninth-generation direct descendent of Pal , was brought in to assume the role of Lassie for the final thirteen episodes of the show .   Although young Corey Sevier impressed critics , others complained that the series relegated Lassie to a bystander role by focusing more on the Cabot family 's dealings with various townspeople , at the expense of featuring Lassie 's action stunts and feats as had been traditional in the famous canine 's previous movie and TV incarnations .   The show was canceled after two seasons . A total of 52 episodes were produced .   The entire first season is available on DVD in Canada since April 4 , 2006 .

neg: Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota .   The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video .   The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment .   On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray .  On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .

neg: Object animation Object animation is a form of stop motion animation that involves the animated movements of any non-drawn objects such as toys , blocks , dolls , etc. which are not fully malleable , such as clay or wax , and not designed to look like a recognizable human or animal character .   Object animation is considered a different form of animation distinct from model animation and puppet animation , as these two forms of stop-motion animation usually use recognizable characters as their subjects , rather than just objects like static toy soldiers , or construction toys such as Tinker Toys , LEGO brand bricks ( Brickfilm ) , Lincoln Logs , Erector Sets , Playmobil , etc. .   Object animation is often combined with other forms of animation , typically for a more realistic effect ( e.g. , Model Animation or Puppet Animation to add more complex movement or depth to the characters ) . For example , a toy car can be animated without a driver , but is more often animated with a character easily seen driving the car .   The use of animated objects in film has been present since the early days of cinema .   An example of modern object animation can be seen on Robot Chicken , part of the regular Adult Swim block on Cartoon Network , which combines object animation with a variation of puppet animation , in this case the puppets are made to resemble plastic action figures from various TV shows , movies , and pop culture .

neg: Monster Cable Monster Inc. is an American company that manufactures and markets 6,000 different products , but is best known for audio and video cables . It also produces speakers , headphones , power strips , mobile accessories and audio devices for automobiles . The company was founded by an audiophile and engineer , Noel Lee , in 1979 by experimenting with different ways to build audio cables . It grew by doing demonstrations to convince the industry that audio cables made a difference in audio quality and by establishing relationships with retailers that were attracted to the cable 's profit margins .   Over the years it created new divisions like Monster Music , Monster Game , Monster Mobile , Monster Photo and Monster Power . In the 2000s , Monster had legal trademark disputes regarding other companies or products that have `` Monster '' in their name , such as Monster.com and the film Monsters , Inc. . Monster said it needed to defend its premium brand , while critics said it was pursuing litigation against companies that do not have confusingly similar products . It began manufacturing headphones in a partnership with Dr. Dre in 2008 , which ended in 2012 , and it created other celebrity branded or Monster-branded headphone products .   Several tests done by audiophile publications , news reporters and academics have conflicting viewpoints on whether more expensive audio or video cables like those from Monster make a difference in audio or video quality when compared to generic cables . Instead of advertising , Monster offers incentives to retailers and their salespeople to sell the cables . Retailers bundle high profit-margin cables with larger purchases that have smaller margins in order to improve profitability .

neg: Rope chain A rope chain is a metal chain necklace consisting of several small links which pattern the shape of a rope .   The style is popular throughout the world and is frequently worn by men .   Category : Chains  Category : Types of jewellery

neg: David Slack David Slack is an American animation and television writer and producer . He has written and/or produced on such shows as Law & Order , Lie to Me , In Plain Sight , Teen Titans , Jackie Chan Adventures , Generator Rex , Transformers : Prime , and more recently , Person of Interest , A.P.B. , and MacGyver ( 2016 TV series ) .   As of 2011 , he is currently involved in producing and writing a new science fiction TV series for Syfy called Seeing Things .   In a 2012 interview with the Penmen Review , a Southern New Hampshire University newspaper , he explained that , when writing , he begins with the story , not the characters , and builds it along the way . Later that month , in another interview with givememyremote.com , he revealed how Person of Interest producers Greg Plageman and Jonathan Nolan `` like to keep the audience guessing '' and that the writers also `` like to take the show in surprising places '' .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .

neg: Hakkaisan Ropeway The is Japanese aerial lift line in Minamiuonuma , Niigata , operated by Prince Hotels . The line opened in 1983 as a gondola lift line , and refurbished as an aerial tramway in 2001 . It climbs of . The line mainly transports skiers , but also hikers and autumn color spectators in other seasons . The line only operates in `` winter '' ( from December to March ) and `` summer '' ( from May to October ) .

neg: Aerial tramway An aerial tramway , sky tram , cable car , ropeway or aerial tram is a type of aerial lift which uses one or two stationary ropes for support while a third moving rope provides propulsion . With this form of lift , the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion rope and can not be decoupled from it during operations .

neg: Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) .   Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .

neg: Alison Roper Alison Roper is an American professional ballet dancer who currently performed as a principal dancer with the Oregon Ballet Theatre until her retirement .   Born in Portland , Maine , she trained with the Portland School of Ballet , the Boston Ballet School , and the School of Oregon Ballet Theatre . She also attended Hampshire College for one year .   Roper joined Oregon Ballet Theatre as an apprentice at the age of 22 in 1996 and was promoted into the corps in 1997 . She was ranked principal dancer in 2007 , the year when OBT ranked its dancers for the first time . Her repertoire includes ballets by George Balanchine , Christopher Wheeldon , Jerome Robbins , Frederick Ashton , Kent Stowell , Peter Martins , Paul Taylor , and Bebe Miller . She has also originated roles in works by choreographers such as James Kudelka , Trey McIntyre , former OBT artistic director James Canfield , and current artist director Christopher Stowell .   In 2002 , Roper was named one of `` 25 to Watch '' by Dance Magazine . She spent the summers of 2005 through 2007 dancing with the Trey McIntyre Project , where she has since served as ballet mistress and repetiteur . She also performed with Morphoses : The Wheeldon Company in 2010 .   Roper is married to Michael Mazzola , and they have a son named John Alan .

neg: Rope (data structure) In computer programming , a rope , or cord , is a data structure composed of smaller strings that is used to efficiently store and manipulate a very long string . For example , a text editing program may use a rope to represent the text being edited , so that operations such as insertion , deletion , and random access can be done efficiently .