query: Las Vegas is renowned around the world.

pos: Las Vegas Las Vegas ( -LSB- lɑːs_ˈveɪɡəs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Meadows '' ) , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . It is the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada .   The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino -- hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos .   Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century ( a similar distinction earned by Chicago in the 1800s ) . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2 % . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to a 2013 estimate , the population is 603,488 with a regional population of 2,027,828 .   `` Las Vegas '' is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits -- especially the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip , which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise , Winchester , and Enterprise .

neg: Symphony Park Symphony Park is a 61-acre site situated in downtown Las Vegas . The downtown area is located just a few miles north of the Las Vegas Strip and centrally within the Las Vegas Valley .   Once housing a Union Pacific rail yard , Symphony Park currently is being master developed for mixed-use by the city of Las Vegas , which is also the landowner . Symphony Park is home to the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health , Smith Center for the Performing Arts and the Discovery Children 's Museum .

neg: Lyon Lyon ( -LSB- liːˈɒn -RSB- or -LSB- ˈliːɒn -RSB- -LSB- ljɔ̃ -RSB- , locally : -LSB- lijɔ̃ -RSB- Liyon -LSB- - frpʎjɔ̃ -RSB- ) is a city in east-central France , in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region , about 470 km from Paris , 320 km from Marseille and 55 km from Saint-Etienne . Inhabitants of the city are called Lyonnais .   Lyon had a population of 506,615 in 2014 and is France 's third-largest city after Paris and Marseille . Lyon is the capital of the Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . The metropolitan area of Lyon had a population of 2,237,676 in 2013 , the second-largest in France after Paris .   The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy and historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk .   It played a significant role in the history of cinema : Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematographe in Lyon . The city is also known for its famous light festival , Fête des Lumières , which occurs every 8 December and lasts for four days , earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights .   Economically , Lyon is a major centre for banking , as well as for the chemical , pharmaceutical , and biotech industries . The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games , and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector . Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol , Euronews , and International Agency for Research on Cancer . Lyon was ranked 19th globally and second in France for innovation in 2014 . It ranked second in France and 39th globally in Mercer 's 2015 liveability rankings .

neg: Lani Misalucha Lani Bayot Misalucha ( born Lani Dimalanta Bayot on August 3 , 1972 ) is a Filipino singer who performs pop , rock , jazz , soul , rhythm and blues , and operatic arias . Her ability to sing across several genres gave her the title `` Asia 's Nightingale '' by MTV Southeast Asia .   Since arriving in Las Vegas in 2004 , Misalucha has been called `` New Siren of the Strip . '' During her stint in Las Vegas , Misalucha performed with the Society of Seven at Bally 's Las Vegas and the Flamingo Las Vegas , making her the first Asian to headline in a main showroom at the Las Vegas Strip . She also performed alongside Earl Turner at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino . In March 2008 , she was voted the `` Best Singer '' ( staff pick ) in the `` 27th Annual Best of Las Vegas '' poll by the Las Vegas Review-Journal . In 2009 , Las Vegas Mayor Oscar Goodman proclaimed December 4 as `` Lani Misalucha Day '' in the city . In 2014 , Misalucha returned to the Philippines and signed a recording contract with Star Records , releasing an album entitled The Nightingale Returns .

neg: Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away Cirque du Soleil : Worlds Away is a 2012 American 3D family fantasy film directed by Andrew Adamson . The film premiered on October 20 , 2012 at the Tokyo International Film Festival , and was released theatrically in the United States on December 21 , 2012 . Distributed worldwide by Paramount Pictures on December 21 , 2012 , the film tells the story of a girl named Mia going to a traveling circus and falling in love with its main attraction , the Aerialist . After the Aerialist falls during his act , he and Mia are transported to another world where each encounter the different worlds of Cirque du Soleil through O , Mystère , Kà , Love , Zumanity , Viva Elvis and Criss Angel Believe . It stars Erica Linz and Igor Zaripov as the main characters and incorporates acts from some of the Cirque du Soleil shows that were running in Las Vegas in 2011 including O , Mystère , Kà , Love , and Viva Elvis .   The 3D used in the film was highly admired by critics on its Tokyo premiere . The Eels performed a song titled `` Calling for Your Love '' for the movie . The film incorporates acts from the seven Cirque du Soleil shows running in Las Vegasin 2011 : O , Mystère , Kà , Love , Zumanity , Viva Elvis and Criss Angel Believe . Each of the acts/performances was filmed on the stage of the theater in Las Vegas where the show is/was running : the acts from `` O '' at the `` O '' Theatre at the Bellagio , those from `` Ka '' at the Ka Theater at the MGM Grand , those from `` Love '' at the Love Theater at the Mirage , the act from `` Mystere '' at the Mystere Theater at Treasure Island , the act from `` Zumanity '' at the Zumanity Theater at the New York New York and the act from `` Viva Elvis '' at the Aria Theater . It was Reel FX 's first and only live action film .

neg: High roller A high roller , also referred to as a whale , is a gambler who wagers large amounts of money . High rollers often receive lavish `` comps '' from casinos to lure them onto the gambling floors , such as free private jet transfers , limousine use and use of the casinos ' best suites . Casinos may also extend credit to a player to continue betting , offer rebates on betting turnover or losses , and salaries of employees may also contain incentive arrangements to bring in high rollers .   The definition of a high roller varies . At Crown Casino in Australia , for example , it involves bringing between A$ 50,000 and $ 75,000 to the table . High roller players often have very high table limits allowing the high roller exclusive use . Casinos compete on bet limits . In Australia limits of A$ 300,000 are common , in Las Vegas they are between US$ 150,000 and $ 300,000 , and in Macau they are up to US$ 500,000 . Only casinos with `` substantial financial firepower '' can accommodate high-stakes gambling due to the `` volatility '' of results .   High rollers may also be subject to exceptions from various rules and regulations ; for example the high roller rooms at Crown Casino in Melbourne , Australia are the only licensed venue in the state not subject to a ban on smoking .   High rollers are said to provide only a small fraction of casino `` action . '' John Eidsmoe , in his book Legalized Gambling : America 's Bad Bet , claims that it is actually gamblers from the lower and lower-middle classes in the United States that provide much of the gambling money . `` The occasional wealthy ` high roller ' does indeed exist , but he is the exception , not the standard . The fact that more than 50 % of Nevada 's gambling income comes from slot machines as opposed to the card tables should be an indication high rollers are not the main source of revenue . ''   One example of a high roller is an Australian man who turned over more than A$ 1.5 billion in a 14-month period from 2005 , becoming `` one of Crown 's largest Australian players but not in the same league as -LSB- its -RSB- top international players '' . There have been many cases around the world where high rollers have committed fraud to provide funds for gambling beyond their means , after becoming seduced by the lifestyle . This was the case with famed gambler Terrance Watanabe who reputedly lost over $ 220M in Las Vegas over a 5-year period , and was ultimately sued by Caesars Entertainment for failing to pay up on markers he took out during the binge totaling $ 14.75 M.    While high rollers may not provide a significant portion of the revenues in the casino industry as a whole , they can have a major effect on the net income of casinos that cater to them . There are significant costs associated with attracting the highest stakes gamblers , so if a casino takes this chance and the patron wins , its expenses can be extraordinarily large . But if the casino 's investment pays off and the high roller loses , the casino 's gain can far exceed its expenses for the high roller 's visit .

neg: Christian Schoyen Christian Schoyen ( born February 13 , 1966 ) is a headhunter , expert in human behavior and futurist with speciality in human behavior futurology . He has since 1997 been the CEO for a successful international headhunting company that he founded , with offices in the U.S. and Europe .   On October 7 , 2015 Christian received the honorary award ; ` Recognition of Your Contribution to the Community '  from Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn G. Goodman and the City Council as the founder for Heroes United and his work in Sierra Oeste .   On November 14 , 2014 the film Vegas Vikings by Christian Schoyen was announced as the Best Nevada Film for 2014 by the Nevada International Film Festival , then on May 1 , 2015 as winner of the 2015 Golden Palm Award at Mexico International Film Festival and on May 5 , 2015 as winner of the Golden Kahuna Award at Honolulu Film Awards . The Vegas Vikings film documents the activities conducted in Las Vegas over 21 field days by Schoyen , taken place over a time period of two years , starting with Introduction of the Leif Erikson Day and ending with the Hometown Heroes United project in Sierra Oeste , which resulted in violent crime being reduced with 75 % . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; '' Making the community safer helped bring the neighborhood together . To us , it 's been exciting that we 've been able to change a situation that 's been so bleak . '' In an interview with Romerikes Blad , Schoyen said ; `` The success we achieved in Sierra Oeste means a lot to not just Nevada and Las Vegas , but also to the rest of America , as we through this collaborative initiative have proven what is possible , and that our blue-print can be applied to also other US cities . ``   On December 19 , 2013 the parade and block party for the children of Sierra Oeste took place , launching the initiative of Hometown Heroes United , a group with Christian Schoyen as the project director , formed by the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department and Hometown Heroes to fight crime and improve the conditions for children in poverty . The block party which had Christmas music , free food , gifts and a drawing contest gathered hundreds of children in Sierra Oeste , which is considered to be the most dangerous place to live in Las Vegas . Over several weeks Christian and others involved in the project knocked on every door to get to know the families and better understand what troubles the community . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; '' We want to reduce crime and reach out to the children . We hope to bring a strong community spirit to the area , something that is vital for children to thrive and to break the cycle of violence that has plagued the neighborhood for years and hope we can alter that life path . Transforming a neighborhood known to many as the `` baby ghetto '' wo n't be easy . A drastic situation needs drastic measures . ''   On October 8 , 2013 the Hometown Heroes Leif Erikson Awards took place at South Point Hotel , Casino & Spa in Las Vegas hosted by Christian Schoyen with awards presented by Las Vegas Mayor Pro Tem Stavros Anthony , where the good deeds of nine Nevadans where recognized with the Hometown Heroes Leif Erikson Award and Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department with the Leif Erikson `` Viking of honor '' lifetime award . The recipients have been featured on the `` Hometown Heroes '' television show appearing on KCLV Channel 2 . The celebration of the modern day Vikings of Las Vegas was done in conjunction with the 50-year celebration of when Leif Erikson Day was first suggested in Congress as a national observance .   On April 29 , 2013 Hometown Heroes ( talk show ) , hosted by Christian , which spotlights individuals in the Las Vegas community , who have made a difference in others ' lives premiered on KCLV Channel 2 . Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review Journal ; `` I 'm out to raise the social consciousness of the community by highlighting those who help others '' . I found the same patterns in every person I interviewed for the show . They all had a mental fortitude that shrugged off temporary setbacks to continue moving forward . They saw their work not as a chore , but as their passion . With any recognition , they were quick to deflect the praise and characterize it as a team effort . They were meant to be here in Las Vegas . They 're high-energy , driven people who feel a responsibility to help others . '' `` I hope by showcasing people who have helped others , `` Hometown Heroes '' could inspire more people to become role models .   On October 3 , 2012 Christian accepted from Las Vegas Mayor Carolyn G. Goodman on behalf of the Vegas Viking Lodge . of Sons of Norway and the more than 50,000 Scandinavians in Las Vegas proclamation of October 9 being the official Leif Erikson Day throughout the city . The ceremony took place at City Hall and was televised live on KCLV Channel 2 . To nurture the core Viking traits in children growing up in Las Vegas represented by Leif Erikson 's legacy a drawing competition sponsored by Vegas Viking lodge was in conjunction with the day announced . The lodge works with the Clark County School District and Christian said in an interview with Las Vegas Review-Journal ; `` We can influence young minds , especially when they 're the most open ( under age 12 ) as eighty-five percent of your conditioning is fixed before you 're 12 . We want to further the understanding of what it meant to be a Viking and how that approach to life can apply to their lives . The Vikings represent role models , and we believe everybody needs role models . What stops people is fear ; if you can overcome fear , your potential as a human being is much greater ; it can open doors . ''   In 2011 , Christian 's futuring project ; `` Las Vegas 2020 '' was selected for presentation at World Future Society international Conference in Vancouver , Canada . The project which was done in conjunction with futurist Nils Rasmussen introduced a new model for city government , together with a vision of how to ensure optimal allocation of resources to provide a higher quality of life for the citizens of Las Vegas .   He has written several books , this including ; Can People Change ? - When trapped in a bubble , which has its basis in his 17-year study in human behavior and predictability . His docudrama Living the Dream linking childhood conditioning to adulthood plays an important part of his behavior study . Christian is also the author of the US bestselling book for companies on how to recruit ; Secrets of the Executive Search Experts , The Hidden Job Market : Secrets of an International Headhunter , Recruitment in the European Economic Area ( EEA ) : Forecast of Future Labour Market ( The Norwegian Government Research Council / ISBN 978-1-4675-2151-2 ) , How to Get the Job : A Handbook for International Job Seekers and A Second Life : Your Second Chance at Life .   Christian graduated with a BBA from Pacific Lutheran University , Tacoma , WA in 1991 and conducted his ethnic studies at California State University , Northridge .

neg: Extreme tourism Extreme tourism ( also often referred to as shock tourism , although both concepts do not appear strictly similar ) is a niche in the tourism industry involving travel to dangerous places ( mountains , jungles , deserts , caves , canyons , etc. ) or participation in dangerous events . Extreme tourism overlaps with extreme sport . The two share the main attraction , `` adrenaline rush '' caused by an element of risk , and differing mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism .   While traditional tourism requires significant investments in hotels , roads , etc. , extreme tourism requires much less to jump-start a business . In addition to traditional travel-based tourism destinations , various exotic attractions are suggested , such as flyovers in MiGs at Mach 2.5 , ice diving in the White Sea , or travelling across the Chernobyl zone .   Some of the Extreme tourism famous attractions in the world :  Chernobyl Tours -- Ukraine .  Swimming in the Devil 's Pool in Victoria Falls -- Zambia and Zimbabwe .  Walking the Plank at Mount Hua -- China .  Death Road Tour -- Bolivia .  Green Zone -- Baghdad , Iraq .  Sac Actun tours - Riviera Maya , Mexico  Cave of Swallows - Mexico

neg: Vegas Robaina Vegas Robaina is the name of a premium cigar brand , produced on the island of Cuba for Habanos SA , the Cuban state-owned tobacco company .

neg: Hustler Casino Larry Flynt 's Hustler Casino is a casino in Gardena , California , approximately 15 miles ( 25 km ) south of Downtown Los Angeles . It is owned by Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt through his El Dorado Enterprises holding company . It has been in operation since June 22 , 2000 . Of all of Larry Flynt 's businesses the Hustler Casino is the most profitable , earning over $ 20 million annually . The Hustler Casino was built on land that was formerly occupied by the El Dorado Club , which Flynt purchased in 1998 for $ 8 million .   A major expansion was completed in February 2007 which included The Crystal Room which serves as a combination card room , conference room and poker tournament site .   Since 1997 , Flynt has hosted `` the biggest seven-card stud game in the world '' ; the game started at Flynt 's home but moved to his casino when it opened . As of April 2007 , the minimum buy-in is $ 200,000 , with $ 1000 antes and stakes of $ 2,000 - $ 4,000 . Unlike most high-stakes ring games , Flynt 's game is held in a corner of the casino 's main poker room floor . Regulars at the table include Phil Ivey , Barry Greenstein , and Ted Forrest . Another regular was Chip Reese before his death .

neg: IZOD IndyCar World Championships The IZOD IndyCar World Championship Presented by Honda was an IndyCar Series race on the 1.5 mi Las Vegas Motor Speedway , held from 1996 -- 2000 , and again in 2011 . It was first known as the Las Vegas 500k . The Champ Car World Series held a race at the track during the 2004 and 2005 seasons as doubleheaders with the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and a street race was held in Las Vegas at the Fremont Street Experience in 2007 .

neg: Seal of Nevada The Great Seal of the State of Nevada is derived from the Seal of the Territory of Nevada . As Nevada prepared for statehood in 1864 , its Constitutional Convention began to formalize the features of the state 's official seel . Nevada was admitted as a state on October 31 , 1864 by proclamation of President Abraham Lincoln . On February 24 , 1866 , the motto `` Volens et Potens '' ( `` Willing and Able '' ) was replaced by `` All for Our Country '' . The design of the seal was formalized , and Nevada 's mineral resources are featured with a silver miner and his team moving a carload of ore from a mountain in the foreground . A quartz mill stands before another mountain . Transportation and communication are symbolized by a train steaming across the background , with telegraph poles spanning the distance . Agriculture is represented by a sheaf of wheat , a sickle , and a plow in the foreground . Nevada 's natural environment is symbolized by a brilliant sun rising over snow-capped peaks . The inner circle of the seal carries the motto `` All for Our Country '' , and Nevada 's entry into the Union as the 36th state is shown with 36 stars completing the inner ring . The perimeter of the seal proclaims `` The Great Seal of the State of Nevada '' . Mark Twain was said to have convinced the designer to make the two trails of smoke blow in opposite directions as a prank , which was later rectified when the mistake was realized .

neg: Hollywood Sign The Hollywood Sign ( formerly the Hollywoodland Sign ) is a landmark and American cultural icon located in Los Angeles , California . It is situated on Mount Lee , in the Hollywood Hills area of the Santa Monica Mountains . The sign overlooks Hollywood , Los Angeles .   `` HOLLYWOOD '' is spelled out in 45 ft-tall white capital letters and is 350 feet ( 106.7 m ) long . It was originally created in 1923 as an advertisement for a local real estate development , but it garnered increasing recognition after the sign was left up . The sign was a frequent target of pranks and vandalism , but it has since undergone restoration , including the installation of a security system to deter vandalism . The sign is protected and promoted by The Trust For Public Land , a nonprofit organization , while its site and the surrounding land are part of Griffith Park .   From the ground , the contours of the hills give the sign a wavy appearance . When observed at a comparable altitude , the letters appear nearly level .   The sign makes frequent appearances in popular culture , particularly in establishing shots for films and television programs set in or around Hollywood . Signs of similar style , but spelling different words , are frequently seen as parodies .

neg: Downtown Grand The Downtown Grand Las Vegas , formerly the Lady Luck Hotel & Casino , is a hotel and casino in Downtown Las Vegas , Nevada , owned by the CIM Group and operated by Fifth Street Gaming . The Downtown Grand is the centerpiece of Downtown3rd , a new neighborhood and entertainment district under development in downtown Las Vegas .

neg: 1970 World Series of Poker The World Series of Poker was first held in 1970 . Unlike the WSOP events that followed it , which are decided using a freeze-out tournament , the 1970 champion was decided from a vote by the players . Jack Binion invited the best seven poker players in America to his Binion 's Horseshoe casino in Las Vegas , Nevada to decide who was America 's best poker player .   After a cash game session , Johnny Moss was voted the best in the world by `` Amarillo Slim '' Preston , Sailor Roberts , Doyle Brunson , Puggy Pearson , Crandell Addington , and Carl Cannon . Moss was awarded a silver cup rather than a bracelet , as bracelet was n't established as the prize until 1976 .   According to an apocryphal legend , two votes were taken to determine the best player in the world . In the first , the players were asked to vote for the best player , and , the story goes , each voted for himself . In the second vote , they were asked to vote for the second-best player , and Moss won the vote .

neg: Las Vegas Nevada Temple The Las Vegas Nevada Temple is the 43rd operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) .   Located in the Sunrise Manor CDP near Las Vegas , Nevada , the temple sits on 10.3 acre of land at the base of Frenchman Mountain . A groundbreaking ceremony and site dedication for the temple were held in November 1985 . Gordon B. Hinckley , then a counselor in the church 's First Presidency , presided and gave the dedication prayer . Construction began soon after the ceremony .   After construction was completed , the temple was open to the public for tours between November 16 and December 9 , 1989 . Almost 300,000 toured the temple and its grounds during these three weeks . The temple has six spires , the highest of which is 119 ft. At the top of this tower stands a ten-foot statue of the angel Moroni . The exterior is a white finish of pre-cast stone walls with a copper roof . The temple has 192 rooms , which includes four ordinance rooms , a Celestial room , six sealing rooms , a baptismal font , and other facilities to meet the needs of the purposes of the temple .   Hinckley dedicated the Las Vegas Nevada Temple in sessions held December 16 -- 18 , 1989 . Eleven sessions were held and more than 30,000 Latter-day Saints attended the dedicatory services .

neg: Belinda Mulrooney Belinda Mulrooney ( 1872 -- 1967 ) was an entrepreneur and purportedly the `` richest woman in the Klondike '' . She made one fortune in the Klondike Gold Rush , lost it , and amassed a second , which lasted most of her life .   Mulrooney was born in Ireland . When she was young , her family either emigrated to Pennsylvania , where her father worked as a miner in Scranton , or sent her to live with relatives there . She set out on her own and operated a sandwich stand during the 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition in Chicago . With her profits , she traveled to San Francisco in 1894 to set up an ice cream parlor . Undaunted when she lost everything in a fire , she found employment as a stewardess on a Pacific Coast Steamship Company ship plying its route from California to Alaska , earning extra money by selling necessities and luxuries to the passengers . Discovery of gold at Juneau , Alaska motivated her to move north in 1896 . Then came the Klondike Gold Rush to the east , in Canada .   Instead of seeking her fortune as a prospector , Mulrooney bought supplies of `` silk underwear , bolts of cotton cloth and hot water bottles '' with her savings of $ 5000 and transported them over the Chilkoot Pass to Dawson City , where she sold them for six times that amount in June 1897 . She built a restaurant in Dawson , then a roadhouse , the Grand Forks Hotel and restaurant , near the gold fields . Prospering , she started buying mining claims as well ; by the end of the year , she either owned or was a partner in five . She sold the hotel for $ 24,000 and set about building the finest hotel in Dawson . The Fairview Hotel opened its doors on July 27 , 1898 , with a restaurant and rooms for thirty guests .   Mulrooney once partnered with fellow Klondike legend Alex McDonald to salvage the cargo from a small ship wrecked on a sand bar . McDonald got there first and took all of the food , leaving only gum boots and whiskey for her . She got her revenge , however . The next spring , when McDonald needed boots for his workers , he had to pay her $ 100 a pair .   On October 1 , 1900 , Mulrooney married self-styled `` Count '' Charles Eugene Carbonneau , who claimed to be a French aristocrat , but was actually a champagne salesman and former barber from Quebec . By 1903 or 1904 , the couple separated , and she lost her fortune . She obtained a divorce in December 1906 .   Starting over , she moved to Fairbanks , Alaska in 1904 or 1905 and prospered once again . She established the Dome City Bank in Fairbanks with her younger sister Margaret .   Mulrooney eventually retired to Yakima , Washington , where she had a large mansion built . She supported her family until her money ran out . She then moved to Seattle , where she died in 1967 .

neg: List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas The city of Las Vegas , Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises , 42 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower , which rises 1149 ft just north of the Las Vegas Strip . The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States . Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable , however , it is not considered a building . The tallest building in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which rises 735 ft and was topped out in November 2008 . This building , however , is currently on hold . The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo , which rises 642 ft and was completed in 2007 .   The history of skyscrapers in Las Vegas began with the 1954 completion of the Castaways Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas ; the 216 ft structure stood as the tallest building in the city until 1961 , and was demolished in 2006 . Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961 , high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip . The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than 492 ft was the 529 ft New York-New York Hotel & Casino , completed in 1997 . Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present ; of the city 's 40 tallest skyscrapers , 39 were completed after 1997 . As of 2012 , the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises .   In what is being dubbed a `` Manhattanization wave '' , there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed , approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over 400 ft in height . The tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center , which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas . The 815 ft tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world 's jewelry industry , across from World Market Center Las Vegas . The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008 ; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently on hold under owner Carl Icahn .  __ TOC __

neg: History of Las Vegas This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas , Nevada , and the Las Vegas Valley .   The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1829 by an Australian scout named Richard , a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles , and stopped for water there while heading north and west on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico . At that time , several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas ; Las Vegas means the meadows in Spanish . The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash , which runs to the Colorado River .

neg: City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City .   A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states .   Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .

neg: Panorama Towers Panorama Towers is a high-rise residential condominium complex located in Paradise , Nevada . Developed by Laurence Hallier and Andrew Sasson , the $ 600 million aqua-blue glass 635-unit complex sits on 8.5 acres on Dean Martin Drive and is centrally located across from the Las Vegas Strip 1/4 mile from CityCenter .   The complex consists of two towers , completed in 2006 and 2007 . A third tower was completed in 2008 , and was later rebranded as The Martin in 2011 . A fourth tower had been planned , but was never built . With the opening of Tower I in 2006 , the 420 ft structure was the 16th tallest in Las Vegas Valley at the time of construction and is currently ranked 35th along with the Marriott 's Grand Chateau .


query: Henri Poincare was an iPhone.

pos: Henri Poincaré Jules Henri Poincaré ( -LSB- ʒyl ɑ̃ʁi pwɛ̃kaʁe -RSB- ; 29 April 1854 -- 17 July 1912 ) was a French mathematician , theoretical physicist , engineer , and philosopher of science . He is often described as a polymath , and in mathematics as The Last Universalist by Eric Temple Bell , since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime .   As a mathematician and physicist , he made many original fundamental contributions to pure and applied mathematics , mathematical physics , and celestial mechanics . He was responsible for formulating the Poincaré conjecture , which was one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics until it was solved in 2002 -- 2003 by Grigori Perelman . In his research on the three-body problem , Poincaré became the first person to discover a chaotic deterministic system which laid the foundations of modern chaos theory . He is also considered to be one of the founders of the field of topology .   Poincaré made clear the importance of paying attention to the invariance of laws of physics under different transformations , and was the first to present the Lorentz transformations in their modern symmetrical form . Poincaré discovered the remaining relativistic velocity transformations and recorded them in a letter to Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz ( 1853 -- 1928 ) in 1905 . Thus he obtained perfect invariance of all of Maxwell 's equations , an important step in the formulation of the theory of special relativity . In 1905 , Poincaré first proposed gravitational waves ( ondes gravifiques ) emanating from a body and propagating at the speed of light as being required by the Lorentz transformations .   The Poincaré group used in physics and mathematics was named after him .

neg: Henri Jules, Prince of Condé Henri Jules de Bourbon ( Paris , 29 July 1643 -- Paris , 1 April 1709 ) was prince de Condé , from 1686 to his death . At the end of his life he suffered from clinical lycanthropy and was considered insane .

neg: Réseau Sentinelles The Réseau Sentinelles or Sentinelles Network ( a.k.a. French Communicable Diseases Computer Network ) is a network of 1 260 volunteer `` médecins généralistes '' , or general practitioners , working throughout the metropolitan regions of France ( 2 % of the total general practitioners in these regions ) . Its goal is to provide clinical surveillance in France for 14 health indicators . Each member doctor is known as a `` médecin Sentinelles '' ( or `` Sentinelles doctor '' ) . This network , created in November 1984 by Professor Alain-Jacques Valleron , is regulated under the auspices of the mixed research unit U707 of Inserm and University of Paris VI : Pierre et Marie Curie .

neg: Archos Archos ( -LSB- ˈɑrkoʊs -RSB- , stylized as ARCHOS ) is a French multinational electronics company that was established in 1988 by Henri Crohas . Archos manufactures tablets , smartphones , portable media players and portable data storage devices . The name is an anagram of Crohas ' last name , and it is also Greek for `` master '' . The company 's slogan has been updated from `` Think Smaller '' to `` On The Go '' and the current `` Entertainment your way '' .   Archos has developed a variety of products , including digital audio players , portable video players ( PVP ) , digital video recorders , a personal digital assistant , netbooks , more recently tablet computers using Google Android and Microsoft Windows ( tablet PCs ) , and smartphones .   In 2013 , the company entered the mobile phone market by launching a series of smartphone models in the market . Archos Titanium , Archos Platinum , Archos Neon , Archos Xenon , Archos Cesium , Archos Oxygen , Archos Helium , and Archos Diamond .

neg: Foucault's lectures at the Collège de France On the proposal of Jules Vuillemin , a chair in the department of Philosophy and History was created at Collège de France to replace the late Jean Hyppolite . The title of the new chair was The history of systems of thought and it was created on 30 November 1969 . Vuillemin put forward the then-little known outside the shores of France-philosopher Michel Foucault - to the general assembly of professors and Foucault was duly elected on the 12th April 1970 . He was 44 years old . As required by this appointment he held a series of public lectures from 1970 until his death in 1984 . These lectures in which he further advanced his work , were summarised from audio recordings and edited by Michel Senellart . They were subsequently translated into English and further edited by Graham Burchell and published posthumously by St Martin 's Press .

neg: GyPSii GyPSii is a provider of geosocial networking applications and services for the iPhone , iPod , iPad , BlackBerry OS , Android and Java-based phones , Symbian S60 and S40 , Windows Mobile and MID notebooks . The company is headquartered in Amsterdam , Netherlands , with offices in Asia and the United States .

neg: Dominique de Quervain Dominique de Quervain ( born December 8 , 1968 ) is a Swiss neuroscientist . He is professor of neuroscience and director of the Division of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Basel , Switzerland . He is known for his pioneering research into the use of glucocorticoids ( cortisol ) in the treatment of PTSD and phobias . He is understood to have found a link between cortisol and forgetting , specifically that cortisol can inhibit memory retrieval . Furthermore , he is known for his important contributions to the field of genetics of human memory .

neg: Carlos Blacker Carlos Paton ( ` C.P. ' ) Blacker GM MC FRCP ( 8 December 1895 -- 21 April 1975 ) was an eminent war hero , psychiatrist and eugenicist who worked with R.A. Fisher and Lionel Penrose .  Blacker was educated at Eton and Oxford where he attained distinction in biology under the tutelage of Julian Huxley . He served with the Coldstream Guards during World War I and was twice mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Military Cross , for action in which he was involved in on 15 September 1916 . Twelve months previously he had lost his only sibling , a brother Robin , at Loos . Robin had also been an officer in the Coldstream Guards . C.P felt that war was dysgenic because it killed people who tended to be above the physical average and deterred thoughtful people from parenthood . He was deeply shaken by his war experience and in coming to terms with it and the loss of his brother and many of his contemporaries acknowledged a debt to Freud 's writings which stimulated in him an interest in psychiatry .   Qualifying in medicine in 1925 , Blacker became a registrar in Guy 's Hospital 's psychiatric department for three years and continued his study at the Maudsley Hospital . He later became a part-time member of its teaching staff and was later the first chairman of the newly-established Simon Population Trust .   In 1943 , on active service , Blacker was awarded the George Medal . The official citation read :   From 1931 to 1952 , Blacker was secretary of the Eugenics Society and he gave it a new focus on birth control and population planning . . His appointment as Secretary was `` not without some misgivings of -LSB- Leonard -RSB- Darwin , its chairman . The differences in outlook , aspirations and in judgement of these two men during their partnership in office in the Eugenics Society led to tensions which have been ably traced by Richard Soloway . Two prominent issues here were Darwin 's reluctance to endorse Blacker 's deep-rooted conviction that research and provision of contraception should be a major feature in the Eugenic Society 's strategy to reduce the fecundity of the lower , less able classes and his disagreement with Blacker 's aspiration to redirect more of the Eugenic Society 's effort from education and propaganda to research and promotion of contraception . ''   Ann Thetis Blacker ( 1927 -- 2006 ) , the painter and singer , was a daughter of Carlos Blacker .

neg: Bernard-Henri Lévy Bernard-Henri Lévy ( -LSB- bɛʁnaʁ ɑ̃ʁi levi -RSB- ; born 5 November 1948 ) is a French public intellectual , media personality , and author . Often referred to in France simply as BHL , he was one of the leaders of the `` Nouveaux Philosophes '' ( New Philosophers ) movement in 1976 . The Boston Globe has said that he is `` perhaps the most prominent intellectual in France today '' .

neg: Henri Tresca Henri Édouard Tresca ( 12 October 1814 -- 21 June 1885 ) was a French mechanical engineer , and a professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in Paris .   He is the father of the field of plasticity , or non-recoverable deformations , which he explored in an extensive series of experiments begun in 1864 . He is the discoverer of the Tresca ( or maximal shear stress ) criterion of material failure . The criterion specifies that a material would flow plastically if   Tresca 's criterion is one of two main failure criteria used today for ductile materials . The second important criterion is due to von Mises . See comparison on the image left :   Tresca 's stature as an engineer was such that Gustave Eiffel put his name on number 3 in his list of 72 people making the Eiffel tower in Paris possible .   Tresca was also among the designers of the prototype meter bar that served as the first standard of length for the metric system . After the Convention of the Metre had been signed in 1875 , the International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( BIPM ) in Sèvres , France made 28 prototype line standards of platinum-iridium . The bars had a cross section shaped like a modified letter X , designed by Tresca , called the `` Tresca section '' . The Tresca section was designed to provide maximum stiffness . In addition , one surface of the central rib that joined the arms was designed to coincide with the bar 's neutral plane , the mathematical plane inside the bar that did n't change length when the bar bent . The two marks near each end of the bar which defined the meter were ruled on this surface . Thus , to first order , the distance between the marks would n't change due to the slight sagging of the bar under its own weight between support points . One of the bars was selected as the International Meter . The United States received National Prototype Meters No. 27 and No. 21 in 1890 . When the Mendenhall Order in 1893 declared the meter to be the fundamental length standard , No. 27 became the US primary national standard for all length measurements . It remained so until 1960 .   Tresca was made an honorary member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1882 .

neg: Henri Joly Henri Joly ( 1866 -- 1945 ) was a French inventor and businessman . He developed early versions of motion picture film , cameras , and projectors .

neg: Phenomenology (philosophy) Phenomenology ( from Greek phainómenon `` that which appears '' and lógos `` study '' ) is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness . As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany . It then spread to France , the United States , and elsewhere , often in contexts far removed from Husserl 's early work .  Phenomenology should not be considered as a unitary movement ; rather , different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences . Accordingly : A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus . In fact , it is not a doctrine , nor a philosophical school , but rather a style of thought , a method , an open and ever-renewed experience having different results , and this may disorient anyone wishing to define the meaning of phenomenology.Phenomenology , in Husserl 's conception , is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness . Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects , sets of objects , and objects acting and reacting upon one another .   Husserl 's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students , such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden , by hermeneutic philosophers , such as Martin Heidegger , by existentialists , such as Nicolai Hartmann , Gabriel Marcel , Maurice Merleau-Ponty , Jean-Paul Sartre , and by other philosophers , such as Max Scheler , Paul Ricoeur , Jean-Luc Marion , Michel Henry , Emmanuel Levinas , Jacques Derrida , and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin .

neg: Henri Pognon Henri Pognon ( 13 May 1853 -- 16 March 1921 ) was a French archaeologist , epigrapher , specialist in Assyriology .

neg: Henri Laborit Henri Laborit ( 21 November 1914 -- 18 May 1995 ) was a French surgeon , writer and philosopher . In 1952 , Laborit was instrumental in the development of the drug chlorpromazine , published his findings , and convinced three psychiatrists to test it on a patient , resulting in great success . Laborit was recognized for his work , but as a surgeon searching for an anesthetic , he wound up at odds with psychiatrists who made their own discoveries and competing claims .   Laborit was personally untroubled by the requirements of science and the constraints of university life . He maintained an independence from academia and never sought to produce the orderly results that science requires of its adherents .

neg: Spacetime In physics , spacetime is any mathematical model that combines space and time into a single interwoven continuum .   Until the turn of the 20th century , the assumption had been that the three-dimensional geometry of the universe ( its description in terms of locations , shapes , distances , and directions ) was distinct from time ( the measurement of when events occur within the universe ) . However , Albert Einstein 's 1905 special theory of relativity postulated that the speed of light through empty space has one definite value -- a constant -- that is independent of the motion of the light source . Einstein 's equations precisely described important consequences of this fact : both the shape of space and the measurement of time simultaneously change for observers who have different relative velocities , which is to say , for observers who have different inertial frames of reference .   Einstein 's theory was framed in terms of kinematics ( the study of moving bodies ) , and showed how measurements of space and time varied for observers in different reference frames . His theory was a breakthrough advance over Lorentz 's 1904 theory of electromagnetic phenomena and Poincaré 's electrodynamic theory . Although these theories included equations identical to those that Einstein introduced ( i.e. the Lorentz transformation ) , they were essentially ad hoc models proposed to explain the results of various experiments -- including the famous Michelson -- Morley interferometer experiment -- that were extremely difficult to fit into existing paradigms .   In 1908 , Hermann Minkowski , expanding upon Einstein 's work , presented a geometric interpretation of special relativity that fused time and the three spatial dimensions of space into a single four-dimensional continuum now known as Minkowski space -- an example of what mathematicians call a 4‑dimensional manifold . A key feature of this interpretation is the definition of a spacetime interval that combines distance and time . Although measurements of distance and time between events differ among observers , the spacetime interval is independent of the inertial frame of reference in which they are recorded .

neg: Polytech'Paris-UPMC Within the French University `` Pierre et Marie Curie '' ( Paris VI ) there is an engineering school offering courses backed by research laboratories and leading to a state-recognised degree . The Polytech ` Paris-UPMC is a member of the Polytech ' Network , which is a network of 11 graduate engineering schools within France 's leading science universities located in Marseille , Nantes , Montpellier , Nice , Grenoble , Paris , Chambéry , Clermont-Ferrand , Orléans , Tours and Lille .   The University 's School of Engineering is an active member of the `` N + i '' network

neg: Groupe X-Crise The Groupe X-Crise ( or X-Crise ) was a French technocratic movement created in 1931 as a consequence of the 1929 Wall Street stock market crash and the Great Depression . Formed by former students of the École Polytechnique ( nicknamed `` X '' ) , it advocated planisme , or economic planification , as opposed to the then dominant ideology of classical liberalism which they held to have failed . Their ideas would not be put into practice until the Vichy era , when many technocrats seized the opportunity to reconstruct France . However , many members of the group joined the Resistance and opposed the Vichy regime , ultimately participating in the post-war administration . X-Crise was founded by Gérard Bardet and André Loizillon , and its members included Raymond Abellio , Louis Vallon , Jean Coutrot , Jules Moch and Alfred Sauvy , who as head of the INED demographic institute after World War II coined the term `` Third World '' .

neg: Pompidou People named Pompidou include :  Georges Pompidou , former French Prime Minister and President  Alain Pompidou , foster son of Georges Pompidou and President of the European Patent Office from July 1 , 2004 to June 30 , 2007   Named after President Pompidou is :   Centre Georges Pompidou , the Parisian building also known as The Pompidou Centre

neg: Georges Gilles de la Tourette Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette ( 30 October 1857 -- 26 May 1904 ) was a French physician and the namesake of Tourette 's syndrome , a neurological condition characterized by physical and verbal tics . He was born in the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers in the district of Châtellerault , near the city of Loudun . He could be retrospectively classified as a neurologist , but the field did not exist in his time .   During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers . He later relocated to Paris where he became a student , amanuensis , and house physician of his mentor , the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot , director of the Salpêtrière Hospital . Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career . Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy , hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism ( modern-day hypnosis ) .   Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette 's syndrome in nine patients in 1884 , using the name `` maladie des tics '' . Charcot renamed the syndrome `` Gilles de la Tourette 's illness '' in his honor .   In 1893 , a former female patient shot Tourette in the head , claiming he had hypnotized her against her will . Both Tourette and many modern hypnologists state that this is impossible . His mentor , Charcot , had died recently , and his young son had also died recently . After these events , Tourette began to experience mood swings between depression and hypomania . Nevertheless , he organized public lectures in which he spoke about literacy , mesmerism and theatre .   Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army , which angered Bismarck , and a further article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames . With Gabriel Legué he analyzed abbess Jeanne des Anges ' account of her hysteria that was allegedly based on her unrequited love for a priest Urbain Grandier , who was later burned for witchcraft .   Around 1902 , Tourette 's condition worsened and he was dismissed from his post . Gilles de la Tourette died on 26 May 1904 in a psychiatric hospital in Lausanne , Switzerland .

neg: Point of interface In Telecommunications a Point of Interface ( POI ) is used to show the physical interface between two different carriers , such as a local exchange carrier ( LEC ) and a wireless carrier or an LEC and an IntereXchange Carrier ( IXC ) . This demarcation point often defines responsibility as well as serving as a point for testing . In many cases , a POI exists as a point of demarcation ( `` DEMARC '' ) within an LEC building , and is established under `` Co-Location '' agreements . A long distance , wireless , or competitive local carrier ` rents ' space at the local telephone ( usually tandem switch ) location .   This space is physically a ` cage ' in which a device for interconnecting telecom services is installed . This ` device ' was originally a wire frame with one side being accessed by the LEC , and the other side accessed by the `` other '' carrier . In recent years , ` electronic frames ' such as a digital cross-connect systems have been used as POI devices . Local exchange services are ordered from the local telephone carrier who delivers the service to ` their side ' of the POI . The ` other ' carrier then arranges to its own facilities ( fiber , or other type of transport ) into the POI and transport the service to its own network facilities.This point of interconnection are used in IT industries also .

neg: P.I.P.S. P.I.P.S. is a term ( recursive acronym ) for Symbian software libraries that means , P.I.P.S. Is POSIX on Symbian OS . It is intended to help C language programmers in migration of desktop and server middleware , applications to Symbian OS based mobile smartphone devices .


query: Lisbon's status as a capital has been officially confirmed.

pos: Lisbon Lisbon ( -LSB- ˈlɪzbən -RSB- Lisboa , -LSB- liʒˈβoɐ -RSB- ) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal , with a population of 552,700 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km ² . Its urban area extends beyond the city 's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people , being the 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union . About 2.8 million people live in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area ( which represents approximately 27 % of the country 's population ) . It is continental Europe 's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast . Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus . The westernmost areas of its metro area is the westernmost point of Continental Europe .   Lisbon is recognised as a global city because of its importance in finance , commerce , media , entertainment , arts , international trade , education and tourism . It is one of the major economic centres on the continent , with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe 's Atlantic coast . Humberto Delgado Airport serves over 20 million passengers annually , as of 2015 , and the motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular link the main cities of Portugal . The city is the 7th-most-visited city in Southern Europe , after Istanbul , Rome , Barcelona , Madrid , Athens and Milan , with 1,740,000 tourists in 2009 . The Lisbon region contributes with a higher GDP PPP per capita than any other region in Portugal . It 's GDP amounts to 96.3 billion USD and thus $ 32,434 per capita , 40 % higher than the average European Union 's GDP per capita . The city occupies 32nd place of highest gross earnings in the world . Most of the headquarters of multinationals in the country are located in the Lisbon area . It is also the political centre of the country , as its seat of Government and residence of the Head of State .   Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world , and the oldest in Western Europe , predating other modern European capitals such as London , Paris and Rome by centuries . Julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia , adding to the name Olissipo . Ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century , it was captured by the Moors in the 8th century . In 1147 , the Crusaders under Afonso Henriques reconquered the city and since then it has been a major political , economic and cultural centre of Portugal . Unlike most capital cities , Lisbon 's status as the capital of Portugal has never been granted or confirmed officially -- by statute or in written form . Its position as the capital has formed through constitutional convention , making its position as de facto capital a part of the Constitution of Portugal .   Lisbon enjoys a Mediterranean climate . It has one of the warmest winters of any metropolis in Europe , with average temperatures 15 ° C during the day and 8 ° C at night from December to February . The typical summer season lasts about four months , from June to September , although also in April temperatures sometimes reach around 25 ° C.

neg: Council of the European Union The Council of the European Union ( often still referred to as the Council of Ministers , or sometimes just called the Council ( Consilium ) ) is the third of the seven institutions of the European Union ( EU ) as listed in the Treaty on European Union . It is part of the essentially bicameral EU legislature ( the other legislative body being the European Parliament ) and represents the executive governments of the EU 's member states . It is based in the Europa building in Brussels .

neg: Assembly of the Republic (Portugal) The Assembly of the Republic ( Portuguese : Assembleia da República , -LSB- ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ dɐ ʁɛˈpublikɐ -RSB- ) is the Portuguese parliament .   According to the Portuguese Constitution , the unicameral Assembly `` is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens . '' The constitution names the assembly as one of the country 's organs of supreme authority .   It is located in a historical building in Lisbon , referred to as Palácio de São Bento ( Palace of Saint Benedict ) , the site of an old Benedictine monastery . The Palácio de São Bento has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 ( Cortes until 1910 , Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974 ) .

neg: Hotel Heritage Heritage Lisbon Hotels are a small charm hotel chain which goal is the recovery and adaptation of ancient houses or historical buildings to hotels , located in emblematic areas of Lisbon ; Portugal 's capital city . These hotels give their clients the opportunity to stay in recovered buildings that maintain the typical Architecture of Portugal .

neg: New Delhi New Delhi ( -LSB- njuː_ˈdɛli -RSB- ) is the capital of India and one of Delhi city 's 11 districts . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire National Capital Territory of Delhi along with adjoining districts .   The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V , Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin .   New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi 's flagship Smart Cities Mission .

neg: Plazas de soberanía The plazas de soberanía ( -LSB- ˈplaθaz ðe soβeɾaˈni.a -RSB- , literally `` places of sovereignty '' ) are the Spanish sovereign territories in North Africa . These are separate pieces of land scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco . The name refers to the fact that these territories have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern Spanish State ( 1492 -- 1556 ) , and are distinguished from African territories obtained by Spain during the 19th and 20th century .   Historically , a distinction was made between the so-called `` major sovereign territories '' , comprising the cities of Ceuta and Melilla , and the `` minor sovereign territories '' , referring to a number of smaller enclaves and islands along the coast . In the present , the term refers mainly to the latter .

neg: Norte Region, Portugal Norte ( Região Norte , -LSB- ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w ˈnɔɾtɨ -RSB- ; `` North Region '' ) is a region in the northern part of Portugal . It is a land of dense vegetation and profound historic and cultural wealth . Its capital is the city of Porto . The region has 3,689,173 inhabitants according to the 2011 census , and its area is 21,278 km ² ( density of 173 inhabitants per square kilometre ) . It is one of five regions of Mainland Portugal ( NUTS II subdivisions ) . Northern Portugal is a culturally varied region , thus historical rivalries between different neighbouring cities and towns are common , unlike other Portuguese regions where every city and town is culturally very similar .

neg: United States Ambassador to Cape Verde Cape Verde had been a Portuguese colony for more than 500 years since 1456 . In 1974 Portugal and the Cape Verdeans signed an agreement to form a transitional government , and Cape Verde gained full independence from Portugal on July 5 , 1975 .   The United States recognized Cape Verde and commissioned its first ambassador Melissa F. Wells in 1976 . Ambassador Wells was concurrently accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde while resident at Bissau , the capital of Guinea-Bissau . In 1980 , an embassy was established in the capital Praia with a chargé d'affaires managing the business of the embassy .

neg: Politics of Andorra The politics of Andorra take place in a framework of a parliamentary constitutional diarchy , and a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government , with the Head of Government of Andorra as chief executive . Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature .   Before 1993 , Andorra 's political system had no clear division of powers into executive , legislative , and judicial branches . A constitution ratified and approved in 1993 establishes Andorra as a sovereign parliamentary democracy that retains the President of France and Bishop of Urgell as co-princes and heads of state . However , the head of government retains executive power . The two co-princes serve coequally with limited powers that do not include an individual veto over government acts ( however , a bill can in effect be `` vetoed '' if both do not sign the legislation ) . They are each represented in Andorra by a personal representative .   The fundamental impetus for this political transformation was a recommendation by the Council of Europe in 1990 that , if Andorra wished to attain full integration in the European Union ( EU ) , it should adopt a modern constitution that guarantees the rights of those living and working there . A Tripartite Commission -- made up of representatives of the co-princes , the General Council , and the Executive Council -- was formed in 1990 and finalized the draft constitution in April 1991 , making the new constitution a fact .   One remaining , though symbolic , legacy of Andorra 's special relationship with France and Spain , is that the Principality has no postal service of its own -- French and Spanish postal services operate side by side , although each of them issues separate stamps for Andorra , instead of using their own .

neg: Edward, King of Portugal Duarte ( -LSB- duˈaɾt -RSB- ; 31 October 1391 -- 9 September 1438 ) , known in English as Edward and called the Philosopher ( o Rei-Filósofo ) or the Eloquent ( o Eloquente ) , was King of Portugal and the Algarve and Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death . He was born in Viseu , the son of John I of Portugal and his wife , Queen Philippa of Portugal , a daughter of John of Gaunt . Edward was the oldest member of the `` Illustrious Generation '' of accomplished royal children who contributed to the development of Portuguese civilization during the 15th century . As a cousin of several English kings , he became a Knight of the Garter .

neg: European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension .   Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale .   In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values .   The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far .   An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union .   A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .

neg: Foreign relations of Macau As a special administrative region ( SAR ) of the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , Macau 's diplomatic relations and defence are the responsibility of the Central People 's Government of the PRC . Except diplomatic relations and defence , nonetheless , Macau has retained considerable autonomy in all aspects , including economic and commercial relations , customs control .   According to Chapter VII of Macau 's basic law , Macau may , on its own , using the name Macau , China or Macao , China , maintain and develop relations and conclude and implement agreements with foreign states and regions and relevant international organisations in the appropriate fields , including the economic , trade , financial and monetary , shipping , communications , tourism , cultural , science and technology , and sports fields . In addition , Macau can participate in international organizations and conferences not limited to states .   The Macau government has maintained Macau Economic and Trade Representative Offices in Lisbon , Portugal and Brussels , Belgium .

neg: Belém (Lisbon) Belém ( -LSB- bɨˈlɐ̃ȷ̃ -RSB- ) , whose name is derived from the Portuguese word for Bethlehem , is the southwesternmost civil parish of the municipality of Lisbon . Until 2012 , the area of Belém had its own historic parish , named Santa Maria de Belém . In 2012 , the Administrative Reform of Lisbon resulted in the merging of the latter and the parish of São Francisco Xavier , thus creating the new parish of Belém . Located at the mouth of the River Tagus , it is located 6 km west of the city centre and 2 km west of Ponte 25 de Abril ( 25th of April Bridge ) . Many of Portugal 's distinctive buildings and landmarks are located in this area , including the Jerónimos Monastery and the Tower of Belém . The population in 2011 was 16,528 , in an area of 10.43 km ² .

neg: A5 motorway (Portugal) The A5 is a 25 km motorway , located in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area , Portugal . It connects Lisbon with Cascais . The motorway is also known as Estoril Coast Motorway and it overlaps the Complementary Itinerary 15 ( IC15 ) .   The first section of the highway -- connecting the Duarte Pacheco Viaduct in the City of Lisbon with the National Stadium in the Oeiras Municipality -- was opened in 1944 , becoming the first motorway in Portugal and one of the first in the world . From 1945 to the early 1980s , it was officially designated National Road 7 ( N7 ) , when it became the A5 . The last section of the A5 was opened in 1991 .   Category : Motorways in Portugal  Category : Cascais

neg: Lisbon Portugal Temple The Lisbon Portugal Temple is a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) under construction in the civil parish of Moscavide e Portela , in the Portuguese municipality of Lisbon .   The intent to construct a temple in the Portuguese capital was announced by church president Thomas S. Monson on 2 October 2010 , during the church 's semi-annual general conference .   On 22 October 2015 , the church announced that the temple would be constructed in the Parque das Nações area of Lisbon , along Avenida Dom João II . A groundbreaking ceremony , to signify the beginning of construction , took place on 5 December 2015 , with Patrick Kearon presiding . The groundbreaking was broadcast live to local church meetinghouses .

neg: Berlin-Bonn Act The Berlin/Bonn Act ( Berlin/Bonn-Gesetz ) regulated the move of the German Bundestag and parts of the government from Bonn to Berlin . It also regulated the move of certain Federal agencies and other federal facilities to Bonn . The act was a consequence of the Hauptstadtbeschluss ( Enactment regarding the capital ) of 20 June 1991 which made Berlin the seat of government . Berlin had already been the capital of the united Germany since the Unification Treaty of 3 October 1990 . The Berlin/Bonn Act was enacted on 26 April 1994 . The act 's full official title is Act for the implementation of the enactment of the German Bundestag of 20 June 1991 for the completion of the German unity ( Gesetz zur Umsetzung des Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages vom 20 . Juni 1991 zur Vollendung der Einheit Deutschlands ) .   The Berlin/Bonn act determined which federal ministries moved to the capital and gave the city certain commitments regarding the preservation of Bonn as a location of politics . In addition , it awarded the city the title of a Federal City .   The act was implemented incrementally . The most important year was 1999 when the Bundestag moved to the Reichstag building in Berlin . At the same time , the Federal Court of Auditors and the Federal Cartel Office moved from Berlin and the Rhine-Main area to Bonn .

neg: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance ( or Aliança Luso-Britânica ) , ratified at the Treaty of Windsor in 1386 , between England ( succeeded by the United Kingdom ) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world that is still in force -- with the earliest treaty dating back to the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 .   This alliance , which goes back to the Middle Ages , has served both countries . It was very important throughout history , influencing the participation of the United Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsular War , the UK 's major land contribution to the Napoleonic Wars and the establishment of an Anglo-American base in Portugal . Portugal aided England ( and later the UK ) in times of need , for example , in the First World War .

neg: Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands .   The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard .   The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) .   The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .

neg: Avenida da Liberdade (Lisbon) Avenida da Liberdade ( literally `` Liberty Avenue '' in Portuguese ) is an important avenue in central Lisbon , Portugal . It is a 90 metre-wide boulevard , 1100 m long , with ten lanes divided by pedestrian pavements decorated with gardens . It links Restauradores Square with Marquis of Pombal Square . It used to be referred to by the inhabitants of Lisbon simply as the `` Avenida '' ( the Avenue ) .

neg: Tourism in Lisbon Tourism in Lisbon is popular . The city of Lisbon and the Lisbon metropolitan area attracts a significant number of tourists each year , drawn to its historical and cultural offerings .

neg: Palace of the Marquises of Fronteira The Palace of the Marquesses of Fronteira ( Portuguese : Palácio dos Marqueses de Fronteira ) is a Portuguese palace located in Lisbon , Portugal .