query: Harry Potter is based on J.K. Rowling novels.

pos: Harry Potter (film series) Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling . The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films , beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( 2001 ) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( 2011 ) . A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films , starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) . The Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World .   The series was mainly produced by David Heyman , and stars Daniel Radcliffe , Rupert Grint , and Emma Watson as the three leading characters : Harry Potter , Ron Weasley , and Hermione Granger . Four directors worked on the series : Chris Columbus , Alfonso Cuarón , Mike Newell , and David Yates . The screenplays were written by Steve Kloves , with the exception of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix ( 2007 ) , which was written by Michael Goldenberg . Production took over ten years to complete , with the main story arc following Harry Potter 's quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord Voldemort .   Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , the seventh and final novel in the series , was adapted into two feature-length parts . Part 1 was released in November 2010 , and Part 2 was released in July 2011 .   Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( 2004 ) is the only film in the series not among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time , with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 , the highest-grossing film in the series and one of 30 films to gross over $ 1 billion , ranking at number 8 . Without inflation adjustment , it is the second highest-grossing film series with $ 8.5 billion in worldwide receipts .

neg: T. P. Wiseman Timothy Peter Wiseman FBA ( born 3 February 1940 ) , who usually publishes as T. P. Wiseman and is named as Peter Wiseman in other sources , is a classical scholar and professor emeritus of the University of Exeter . He has published numerous books and articles , primarily on the literature and the social and political history of the late Roman Republic , but also the mythography of early Rome and Roman theatre .   Among Wiseman 's students at Exeter was J.K. Rowling , about whose encounters with ancient authors he has written . Because of his connection with Rowling , Wiseman attracted brief pop-culture notoriety when media speculated that he was a model for the character of Albus Dumbledore in the Harry Potter series of books and movies .

neg: Harry Potter in Calcutta Harry Potter in Calcutta is a work by Uttam Ghosh in which Harry Potter meets figures from Bengali literature . J. K. Rowling and her lawyers sued for the novel to be removed from the market , citing intellectual property concerns , and subsequently they were removed from sales .

neg: Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .

neg: Pavilion Books Pavilion Books Holdings Ltd is an English publishing company based in London .   It specialises in illustrated books and digital content .

neg: The Two Towers The Two Towers is the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien 's high fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings . It is preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring and followed by The Return of the King .

neg: Harry Wingfield John Henry `` Harry '' Wingfield ( 4 December 1910 -- 5 March 2002 ) was an English illustrator , best known for his drawings that illustrated the Ladybird Books Key Words Reading Scheme ( also known as Peter and Jane ) in the 1960s through to the 1980s ,  which sold over 80 million copies worldwide .   Wingfield was born in Denby , near Derby , the son of a blastfurnace man . He grew up in Manchester and Derbyshire . Hoping to become an engineer , he failed to obtain an apprenticeship to Rolls Royce because of his stammer , he started his first job , in an advertising agency in Derby , aged 16 , and then worked in Walsall and Birmingham . He took evening classes in drawing , where he met his wife , Ethel and he served in the RAF in the Second World War as a driver in the RAF regiment . Based in the Azores he painted camouflage but also gained a reputation for painting portraits of colleagues and family members . He worked as a graphic designer when he returned to England before working as a freelance illustrator for Ladybird in the 1950s .   His watercolours , along with those of Martin Aitchison , provided strong images to accompany the simple text devised by William Murray . Wingfield 's wife Ethel , as an expert in early learning , was a significant collaborator . His best-known work accompanied books in the Key Words Reading Scheme brought out by Ladybird as competition to the American Janet and John books . They conformed to stereotypes , with neat , obedient children ; Peter helping Daddy with the car or in the garden , and Jane helping Mummy in the kitchen . They featured images initially based on photography of families on new council estates of the period , a market they targeted with phenomenal success .   Within a few years , new lifestyles meant that Wingfield 's images were looking out of date , so he modernised the illustrations in the 1970s . The children became scruffier , and the domestic settings changed , though the books never truly reflected the social changes of the period .   Wingfield remained a freelance for most of his life and in 1989 , Ladybird returned a catalogue of around 600 original pictures to him , some of which were sold at exhibition , but many of which he retained . He lived modestly , and after retirement continued to live in the house in Little Aston , near Walsall , where he had spent his working life as an artist .   Exhibitions of Wingfield 's pictures were held in Walsall in 2002 and 2003 and across the UK , organised by Ladybird enthusiasts including the writer Cressida Connolly . His works , along with the books , have increased in value in recent years as Ladybird books and their accompanying illustrations have become more fashionable and therefore more collectable .   In late 2014 Ladybird books received major UK media coverage with the release of an iconic ` covers ' collection to celebrate their 100th anniversary . Many of Harry Wingfield 's illustrations were reproduced in the UK media as part of that announcement .

neg: Alchemy in art and entertainment Alchemy has had a long-standing relationship with art , seen both in alchemical texts and in mainstream entertainment . Literary alchemy appears throughout the history of English literature from Shakespeare to modern Fantasy authors . Here , characters or plot structure follow an alchemical magnum opus . In the fourteenth century , Chaucer began a trend of alchemical satire that can still be seen in recent fantasy works like those of Terry Pratchett .   Visual artists had a similar relationship with alchemy . While some of them used alchemy as a source of satire , others worked with the alchemists themselves or integrated alchemical thought or symbols in their work . Music was also present in the works of alchemists and continues to influence popular performers . In the last hundred years , alchemists have been portrayed in a magical and spagyric role in fantasy fiction , film , television , comics and video games .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Penguin Celebrations Penguin Celebrations was a book series released by Penguin Books in 2008 , Penguin re-released 36 modern popular works using Penguin 's distinctive late 1940s style , rebranded ` Penguin Celebrations ' . Following the 1940s style ; Green is for ` mystery ' , Orange for ` fantastic fiction ' , Pink for ` distant lands ' , Dark Blue for ` real lives ' and Purple for ` viewpoints ' .   The ` Penguin Celebrations ' books are as follows :  Fiction  William Boyd - Any Human Heart  Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up !  Jonathan Safran Foer - Everything Is Illuminated  Zoë Heller - Notes on a Scandal  Nick Hornby - How to Be Good  Marian Keyes - The Other Side of the Story  Matthew Kneale - English Passengers  Hari Kunzru - The Impressionist  Marina Lewycka - A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian  Meg Rosoff - How I Live Now  Ali Smith - The Accidental  Zadie Smith - White Teeth  Sue Townsend - Adrian Mole and the Weapons of Mass Destruction  Pat Barker - Regeneration   Non-fiction  Noam Chomsky - Hegemony or Survival  Niall Ferguson - Empire  Robin Lane Fox - The Classical World  Malcolm Gladwell - Blink  Brian Greene - The Fabric of the Cosmos  Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner - Freakonomics  James Lovelock - The Revenge of Gaia  Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation   Crime  Donna Tartt - The Secret History  P. D. James - A Certain Justice  John Mortimer - Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders  Alex Garland - The Beach  Barbara Vine - The Chimney-sweeper 's Boy   Travel and adventure  Ryszard Kapuściński - The Shadow of the Sun  Redmond O'Hanlon - Congo Journey  Paul Theroux - Dark Star Safari   Biography  Charles Nicholl - Leonardo da Vinci : Flights of the Mind  Claire Tomalin - Jane Austen : A Life  Jeremy Paxman - The English   Essays  Alain de Botton - The Consolations of Philosophy  Jeremy Clarkson - The World According to Clarkson  Alistair Cooke - Letter from America

neg: BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s .   BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list .   Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .

neg: George Percy, Earl Percy George Dominic Percy , Earl Percy ( born 4 May 1984 ) , is the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland .   Percy was born as the second child and elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland . He became heir apparent to the dukedom in 1995 , when his uncle Henry , 11th Duke of Northumberland , died . Percy 's parents , now Duke and Duchess of Northumberland , were eager to protect him from `` vices and pitfalls '' , and filed a lawsuit to prevent him from inheriting # 1 million and a # 250,000 annual income upon turning 18 . In 1999 , they succeeded in delaying the inheritance , which Lord Percy received at the age of 25 . George Percy is also set to inherit Alnwick Castle , famously known as Hogwarts ' School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Harry Potter films . He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1998 . He is also a direct descendant of Charles II of England through multiple descents .   Earl Percy was educated at Eton College , and studied geography at the University of Edinburgh , specialising in sustainable development and renewable energy . He graduated in 2008 , having shared a house with Pippa Middleton , with whom he has been linked since .   Percy studied Arabic language at the University of Damascus , and later worked in Abu Dhabi . He is the managing director of energy company Cluff Geothermal with Paul Younger .   As old family friends , Lord Percy and his family attended the wedding of Middleton 's sister Catherine and Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , in 2011 .

neg: Tolkien's legendarium Tolkien 's legendarium is the term for the  entirety of J. R. R. Tolkien 's mythopoetic writing that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings .  Tolkien worked and re-worked the components of his legendarium throughout his adult life , or during a period of more than 50 years ; the earliest drafts , published in The Book of Lost Tales ( 1983 ) dating to 1916 .   Colloquially , `` Middle-earth '' is popularly used as a shorthand for a `` canonical '' or mature form of Tolkien 's narrative , Middle-earth being Tolkien 's term for the inhabited part of the world in which most of his published stories were set .   The mythological and cosmological background of Tolkien 's published works was sketched in the posthumously-published The Silmarillion ( 1977 ) , and in Tolkien studies as a field as it has developed since the 1980s .

neg: The Secret of Platform 13 The Secret of Platform 13 is a children 's novel by Eva Ibbotson , and illustrated by Sue Porter , first published in 1994 .   The book has gained extra significance as many readers find it similar to the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling , as the first book of that series , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone was published in 1997 , three years after this book was published . ( They both mention a platform on Kings Cross Station , in London , that leads to a different world . ) As journalist Amanda Craig has written , `` Ibbotson would seem to have at least as good a case for claiming plagiarism as the American author currently suing J. K. Rowling , but unlike her , Ibbotson says she would ` like to shake her by the hand . I think we all borrow from each other as writers . ' ''

neg: Into the Wild (novel) Into the Wild is a children 's fantasy novel written by Erin Hunter after concepts and outlines created and developed by Victoria Holmes . The novel was published by HarperCollins in Canada and the United States in January 2003 , and in the United Kingdom in February 2003 . It is the first novel in the Warriors series . The book has been published in paperback , and e-book formats in twenty different languages . The story is about a young domestic cat named Rusty who leaves his human owners to join a group of forest-dwelling feral cats called ThunderClan , adopting a new name : Firepaw . He is trained to defend and hunt for the Clan , becomes embroiled in a murder and betrayal within the Clan , and , at the end of the book , receives his warrior name , Fireheart , after a battle with another Clan . The novel is written from the perspective of Fireheart ( previously known as Rusty for a short time , then , for most of the book , Firepaw ) .   The series began in 2003 when HarperCollins requested Holmes to write a book on feral cats . After creating one storyline Holmes brought in Kate Cary to finish writing the book as Holmes went behind the scenes to edit and supervise the details . Holmes has compared the style of the book to a different language as the books are written by three separate authors . She feels that Erin Hunter must have a consistent voice the entire series . The story uses a lexicon with words such as `` twoleg '' substituted for `` human '' or `` new-leaf '' for `` spring '' . The style has been compared to the Harry Potter series , J.R.R. Tolkien and Brian Jacques . Themes include family , loyalty , death , courage , and survival . Into the Wild was critically well received . Booklist believed the book would appeal to followers of Brian Jacques ' Redwall series . Among other awards , it claimed third place in the 2006 Young Reader 's Choice Award .

neg: Literature of England The literature of England is literature written in what is now England , or by English writers . It consists mainly of English literature - i.e. literature written in the English language - but there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages .

neg: Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books .   The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide .   In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .

neg: Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century .   The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history .   In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' .   Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .

neg: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return .   The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince .   Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D .   As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .

neg: A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well .   Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature .   The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes .   A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .


query: Christina Aguilera is a performer of music.

pos: Christina Aguilera Christina María Aguilera ( born December 18 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress and television personality . Born in Staten Island , New York and raised in Rochester and Wexford , Pennsylvania , she appeared on the television series Star Search and The Mickey Mouse Club in her early years . After recording `` Reflection '' , the theme for Disney 's 1998 film Mulan , Aguilera signed with RCA Records . She rose to prominence with her 1999 self-titled debut album that spawned the Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ; `` Genie in a Bottle '' , `` What a Girl Wants '' , and `` Come On Over Baby ( All I Want Is You ) '' . The following year , Aguilera released two studio albums ; the Spanish-language album Mi Reflejo and the holiday album My Kind of Christmas . She assumed creative control for her fourth studio album , Stripped ( 2002 ) , which produced `` Dirrty '' , `` Beautiful '' , and `` Fighter '' . Aguilera 's fifth studio album , Back to Basics ( 2006 ) , debuted at number one on the album charts of ten countries and spawned the tracks `` Ai n't No Other Man '' and `` Hurt '' . In 2010 , Aguilera released her sixth studio album Bionic and starred in the film Burlesque . The following year , she debuted as a coach on the reality competition television series The Voice ; she has since appeared on six of its twelve seasons . Her seventh studio album , Lotus , was released in 2012 . Aguilera has also been featured on several successful collaborations during her career , including `` Lady Marmalade '' , `` Moves like Jagger '' , and `` Say Something '' .   Aguilera has been recognized as a pop icon and earned the title `` Pop Princess '' in her early years . Her work has earned her five Grammy Awards , one Latin Grammy Award , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . She has sold over 17.9 million albums in the United States as of 2014 and 50 million albums worldwide as of 2015 . In 2009 , she ranked at number 58 on Rolling Stones list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time , thereby becoming the youngest and the only artist under 30 to be named . Billboard recognized her as the 20th most successful artist of the 2000s , and Time listed Aguilera among the top 100 Most Influential People in the World of 2013 . Aside from her work in the entertainment industry , Aguilera is involved in charitable activities through human rights , world issues , and her work as a UN ambassador for the World Food Programme .

pos: Latin Grammy Award A Latin Grammy Award is an award by The Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences to recognize outstanding achievement in the Latin music industry . The Latin Grammy honors works produced anywhere around the world that were recorded in either Spanish or Portuguese and is awarded in the United States . Submissions of products recorded in regional languages from Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula of Hispanophone or Lusophone countries such as Nahuatl , Catalán , Quechua may also be considered . Both the regular Grammy Award and the Latin Grammy Award have similar nominating and voting processes , in which the selections are decided by peers within the Latin music industry .   The first annual Latin Grammys ceremony was held at the Staples Center in Los Angeles on September 13 , 2000 . Broadcast by CBS , that first ceremony became the first primarily Spanish language primetime program carried on an English-language American television network . The most-recent ceremony , the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards , was held on November 17 , 2016 at the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas , Nevada .   Since 2005 , the awards are broadcast in the United States by the television network Univision . In 2013 , 9.8 million people watched the Latin Grammy Awards on Univision , making the channel a top-three network for the night in the U.S.

neg: Hurt (Christina Aguilera song) `` Hurt '' is the second single from American singer Christina Aguilera 's fifth studio album , Back to Basics . It was serviced to US contemporary hit radio stations on September 19 , 2006 and was released for purchase in November . Written by Aguilera , Linda Perry , and Mark Ronson , and produced by Perry , the song describes how the protagonist deals with the loss of a loved one and was inspired by the death of Perry 's father .   `` Hurt '' received mixed to positive reviews from music critics , who praised her vocals but were ambivalent towards its production . The song peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . According to Nielsen SoundScan , the single has sold over 1.1 million copies in the United States . It was a top-ten hit in Europe and Oceania , entering the top ten of record charts in countries including Austria , Belgium , France , and Germany .   A music video the song was directed by Floria Sigismondi and co-directed by Aguilera . It depicts Aguilera as a 1940s circus star who suffers from her father 's death . It won two MVPA Awards for Best Video and Best Direction of a Female Artist in 2007 , and was nominated for a Juno Award for Video of the Year . Aguilera has performed the song live on a number of occasions , including at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards and on Saturday Night Live . The track was included on the setlist of Aguilera 's Back to Basics Tour in 2006 and 2007 .

neg: El monstruo (audience) El Monstruo ( ` The Monster ' ) is the popular designation that 's given in Chile to the audience attending to the Viña del Mar International Song Festival . The name is due to great authority that perform the audience in each day of the event . From pressing to lengthen presentations favorite artists to interruptions with catcalls to singers and comedians who are not like , booing to prevent complete their show and force them to withdraw from the stage . In that case , in Chile it is said that `` El Monstruo ate the artist '' .   The audience at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival is the only one in the world that has received a special name . This creates an expectation in people attending the show , waiting for the slightest opportunity to show their intolerance . Most artists booed by El Monstruo have been comedians , both for its lack of grace as the misfortune to get on the right stage between performances of singers or bands of renown .   He was remembered the occasion when El Monstruo asked the Gaviota de Plata ( Silver Seagull ) award for José Luis Rodríguez in 1988 ; the refusal of the mayor of Viña del Mar , Eugenia Garrido , who in the 1980s was who corroborated the awards , the singer said `` Sometimes the people 's voice must be heard '' , a phrase which some had a political background in relation to the military regime then ruling the country ; the artist has said his sentence was not thought out or had a direct political intention . Rodriguez has indicated that feel that in that case it was a `` tool for greater spiritual ideal . ''   Sometimes , however , the public is manifested catcalls to protest the presenters of the event . This happened in the 2007 , when the animators , Tonka Tomicic and Sergio Lagos , dismissed the artist Ana Torroja to the general public discontent , he wanted her to continue singing . Boo to Lagos and Tomicic lasted nearly an hour . The same happened in 2009 when El Monstruo was in favor of Simply Red , booing for an hour for the group to return , and incidentally interrupting the Folk Competition , the singer Paolo Meneguzzi , a humorous routine performed by the trio Manpoval until partially calmed their minds with the presentation of Rakim and Ken-Y .

neg: Qué Hiciste `` Qué Hiciste '' ( English : What Did You Do ? ) is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for her fifth studio album , Como Ama una Mujer ( 2007 ) . It was written and produced by Marc Anthony and Julio Reyes Copello , with additional writing from Jimena Romero . `` Qué Hiciste '' became a commercial success for Lopez , appearing in a wide range of charts around the world . The song became her first Spanish-language song to chart inside the Billboard Hot 100 , reaching a peak position of eighty-six . It also peaked atop of Billboard Hot Dance Club Play and Hot Latin Tracks charts . The song additionally reached the top position in Italy and in Switzerland . Lopez performed the song on American Idol on April 11 , 2007 ; becoming the first artist ever to perform a Spanish song on the show .

neg: Christina Aguilera doll The Christina Aguilera doll was released in 2000 by Yaboom Toys . The celebrity doll featured the likeness of Christina Aguilera , with different outfits from her concerts , appearances , photoshoots , and music videos . Some dolls could `` sing '' when a button on their bellies was pressed . Yaboom planned `` talking dolls '' , but they were never developed . The other dolls were standard fashion dolls ( see Barbie ) made with help from Play Along Toys . They became a hit during the 2000 holiday season . Later on , the line was promoted less often , and was eventually discontinued before Christina released her 2002 album Stripped , with its more adult content .   In a radio interview , Aguilera said that she thought the doll 's hair was too `` poofy , '' and that they looked nothing like her . In another interview , she talked about how the doll was created , `` I had to pose for it -- side views , back views , mug shots , '' she told Australia 's Daily Telegraph . `` Its weird looking like it . It 's like my Mini-Me '' . In Ecuador , there were Christina Dolls that had long hair . The dolls can still be found on eBay . There was also a very rare mini Christina Doll released .

neg: Caliente (TV series) Caliente ( Hot ) is a television music series that aired on Univision from April 8 , 1995 to March 11 , 2006 with 417 episodes . It was hosted by Charlie Bravo and Diana Franco , until Rafael Mercadente took over on March 1 , 2003 . It could be described as a sort of Latin Soul Train . Caliente featured some of the biggest names in Latin music including live segments from Celia Cruz and Daddy Yankee . The show was mostly shot in Miami , Florida but the show also made tapings in New York , Chicago , Los Angeles , Puerto Rico , Mexico , the Dominican Republic and others .

neg: Latin Grammy Award for Best Grupero Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Grupero Album was first handed to Los Temerarios during the 1st Latin Grammy Awards ceremony which took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California under the name of Best Grupero Performance . In 2002 it was named Best Grupero Album and was last handed out in 2009 to group Caballo Dorado .   The male Grupero artist with the most wins and nominations is Joan Sebastian , with two nominations and both wins . The female Grupero artist with the most nominations and wins is Ana Bárbara , with 4 nominations and one win . The group with the most nominations and wins is La Mafia with four nominations and one win .   The grupero act with the most nominations is Guardianes del Amor with five .   Other notable winners include Alicia Villarreal , Grupo Bryndis , and Atrapado . Some other notable nominees also include Bronco , Marco Antonio Solis , Jennifer Pena , Mariana Seoane , Grupo Limite , Grupo Mojado , and Liberacion .

neg: Christina Perri Christina Judith Perri ( born August 19 , 1986 ) is an American singer and songwriter from Bucks County , Pennsylvania . After her debut single `` Jar of Hearts '' was featured on the Fox television series So You Think You Can Dance in 2010 , Perri released her debut extended play , The Ocean Way Sessions . Soon after , she signed with Atlantic Records and released her debut studio album , Lovestrong ( 2011 ) .   Perri also gained recognition for writing and recording `` A Thousand Years '' , the love theme for the film The Twilight Saga : Breaking Dawn -- Part 2 ( 2012 ) , which appears on the accompanying soundtrack . The song went on to sell over 4 million copies in the United States , being certified 4 × platinum . She later released her second extended play , A Very Merry Perri Christmas ( 2012 ) , followed by her second studio album , Head or Heart ( 2014 ) .

neg: Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 Premio Lo Nuestro 2003 was the 15th anniversary of the awards . the show was hosted by Mexican presenters Marco Antonio Regil and Adal Ramones . Juanes , Thalía , Marc Anthony , Pilar Montenegro , Sin Bandera , Banda el Recodo and other Latin music greats gave electrifying performances . In the show , there was 36 awards winners with 135 nominations . In Pop genre , Awards was given for : Album of the Year , Best Male Artist , Best Female Artist , Best Group or duo , Best New Artist and Song of the Year . In Rock Genre : Best Rock Album and Best rock Performer of the Year . In Tropical genre : Best Tropical Album of the Year , Best Tropical Male Artist , Best Tropical Female Artist , Best Tropical Group or Duo of the Year , Best Tropical New Artist , Tropical Song of the Year , Best Merengue Performance , Best Salsa Performance and Best Traditional Performance . Juanes was the biggest winner of night , took home four awards Best Pop Male Artist , Best Music Video , Best Rock Performance , and Pop Song of the Year . In the Regional Mexican , Pilar Montenegro took three awards for Regional Mexican Song of the Year , Pop Song of the Year ( `` Quitame Ese Hombre '' ) , and for Best Regional Mexican Female Artist . In the tropical genre , Celia Cruz took home with four great awards of the night for Best Salsa Performance , Best Tropical Female Artist , Best Tropical Song of the year and Tropical Album of the Year . At the night , the greatest performance was a medley of top Latin hits from the last 15 years , performed by the artists that made them famous , including Vikki Carr , Son by Four , Los Ilegales , La Mafia , Luis Enrique , Wilfrido Vargas and Olga Tañón . There was a great tribute to Celia Cruz by the world-famous salsa group `` Fania All-Stars '' , of which Cruz was a member during the 1970s , reunited for an exclusive performance that rocked the house .

neg: List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 .   In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest .   Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks .   `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only .   Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category .   These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . ''   According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . ''   Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .

neg: Don't Cry for Me Argentina `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' is a song recorded by Julie Covington for the 1976 concept album , Evita , and was later included in the 1978 musical of the same name . The song was written and composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice while they were researching the life of Argentinian leader Eva Perón . It appeared at the opening and near the end of the show , initially as the spirit of the dead Eva exhorting the people of Argentina not to mourn her , and finally during Eva 's speech from the balcony of Casa Rosada . Covington was signed by the songwriters for the track , based on her previous work in musicals .   The Evita album had taken 3 -- 4 months to record , since Rice was not satisfied with the intensity of the initial recordings . It had a number of different titles before `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' was decided as the final one . The song shares its melody with `` Oh What a Circus '' from the same show and lyrically consists of platitudes where Eva tries to win the favour of the people of Argentina . It was released in the United Kingdom on 12 November 1976 as the first single from the album , accompanied by national and trade advertising , full-colour posters , display sleeves as well as radio interviews .   The song reached number-one on the UK Singles Chart and earned a gold certification from the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , with over a million copies sold . It also reached the top of the charts in Australia , Belgium , Ireland , New Zealand and the Netherlands . `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' was critically appreciated , with Rice and Lloyd Webber winning the 1977 Ivor Novello award in the category of Best Song Musically and Lyrically . When Evita moved to a London theatre , Covington -- who had become disenchanted with the whole project -- refused to reprise the part of Eva and the role went to Elaine Paige . `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' has been covered by multiple artists , including The Carpenters , Olivia Newton-John , Sinéad O'Connor as well as the TV series Glee actors Lea Michele and Chris Colfer .   In 1996 , American singer Madonna starred in the film adaptation of the musical in the title role . Her version of `` Do n't Cry for Me Argentina '' was released as the second single from the film soundtrack on 4 February 1997 . A separate version called the `` Miami Mix '' , which included re-recorded vocals in English and Spanish and an Argentinean bandoneon in the song 's intro , was promoted to radio . Madonna 's vocals received positive critical response and the song went on to reach the top of the charts across Europe , Spain and the remix reached number-one on US Dance Club Songs charts . The song also reached the top-ten of the charts a number of nations , including the US Billboard Hot 100 chart , and received gold certifications from five of them .

neg: Yolanda Pérez Yolanda Pérez ( born May 20 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in banda music . She is sometimes known by the stage name `` La Potranquita '' , ( Spanish : `` little filly '' ) , a name taken by her father from his home city of Zacatecas , Mexico .   Perez was born in Los Angeles , California . Her family later moved to Montclair , California . She graduated from Montclair High School in 2001 . When she was 11 years old , Perez won a music contest held in the Los Angeles-area Lynwood . As part of the prize package , she recorded an album that launched her musical career . She has since recorded several more albums . Her career was especially enhanced when she signed with the Fonovisa label , part of the Univision Music Group .   Perez followed in the footsteps of her father and grandparents who were also exponents of banda music . Her minor-label albums exhibited all the traditional characteristics of banda , but from Déjenme Llorar ( 2003 ) onwards she has combined the banda sound with modern elements such as rap as well as introducing set-piece dialogues into some tracks . Her music also shows other influences from hip hop and R&B artists - this has led her to include Spanglish phrasing in some lyrics , such as in the duet Estoy Enamorada with Don Cheto . Perez therefore , while continuing to exemplify traditional banda , has placed her own stamp and interpretation on this genre . In 2005 , Pérez was nominated for an Urban Artist of the Year award at the 17th Lo Nuestro Awards .   Perez has also performed public service announcements and has been involved with other charitable work . In 2006 she volunteered to help with the `` Got Milk '' campaign , explaining that Latin American women tend to worry about outer beauty but need to also focus on their diet .

neg: Shotgun (Christina Aguilera song) `` Shotgun '' is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera . It was featured on episode `` The Storm Has Just Begun '' of the third season of Nashville . The song was released on April 21 , 2015 as a promotional single for Nashville .   Aguilera sang the song at the 50th Annual Academy of Country Music Awards , accompanied by Rascal Flatts . Their performance segued into `` Riot , '' from the country trio 's Rewind album .

neg: Filipino American music Filipino Americans have a rich and long history of music in the United States . The Philippines have a rich musical context and varied influences due to indigenous traditions and early colonial influences of Spanish and American occupation . During occupation by the United States , many Filipinos were recruited for manual labor along the West Coast . These early laborers commonly would perform Spanish-influenced rondallas as well as choral groups . With many Filipinos living in the United States beginning around 1900s , Filipinos have contributed towards early Americana staples such as blues and jazz , and continue to influence more modern contemporary genres such as hip hop and rock . American music has also been influential in the Philippines for artists and vice-versa . Though contributing to the evolution of American music , large number of Filipino Americans have a strong identity with culture of the Philippines by participating or organizing traditional dances and musical performances , largely in the form of PCNs on university campuses . Traditional dances and musical performances commonly practiced in the US are rondallas , choral groups , and gong chime ensembles . College campuses often organize performances on campuses , but can also have characteristics unique to America , as many Filipino Americans want to share their experiences of living in America and perform a more neo traditional variation of traditional performances .

neg: Walk Away (Christina Aguilera song) `` Walk Away '' is a song by American recording artist Christina Aguilera , taken from her fourth studio album , Stripped ( 2002 ) . The song was written by Aguilera , Scott Storch and Matt Morris . Its production was handled by Storch , while Aguilera and E. Dawk served as vocal producers . The track is a piano-driven ballad which talks about an abusive relationship , where Aguilera uses a `` clever '' metaphor .   Upon its release , `` Walk Away '' received mainly positive reviews from music critics , who praised its melody and deemed it as one of the stand-out tracks from Stripped . On March 14 , 2008 , the song peaked at number 35 on the Danish Tracklisten chart , becoming the only non-single entry from Stripped on the chart . Aguilera performed the track on two of her major concert tours : Justified & Stripped Tour ( 2003 ) and The Stripped Tour ( 2003 ) .

neg: Backing vocalist Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists . In some cases , a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist 's entry or to sing a counter-melody . Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music , traditional music and world music styles .   Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts . In many rock and metal bands ( e.g. , the power trio ) , the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments , such as guitar , electric bass , drums , or keyboards . In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups , backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing . In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater , the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones .   The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song and the genre of music the band plays . In pop and country songs , backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist . In hardcore punk or rockabilly , other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus ( refrain ) section of the songs .

neg: Woohoo (Christina Aguilera song) `` Woohoo '' is a song by American recording artist Christina Aguilera , featuring American rapper Nicki Minaj . The song was written by Aguilera , Onika Maraj , Claude Kelly , Ester Dean and Jamal `` Polow da Don '' Jones , and produced by Polow da Don , for Aguilera 's sixth studio album , Bionic ( 2010 ) . `` Woohoo '' was serviced to rhythmic contemporary crossover airplay as the album 's second radio single on May 25 , 2010 . The song , which contains a sample of the 1972 song `` Add már uram az esőt '' by Kati Kovács , lyrically speaks about the act of oral sex .   `` Woohoo '' has been described as an electro-R & B and dancehall track . The song received mixed to positive reviews from critics , some of whom praised Minaj 's appearance and Aguilera 's vocals . Many noted its similarities to Kelis 's `` Milkshake '' . However , others expressed distaste for the song 's sexual nature . `` Woohoo '' debuted and peaked at 46 and 79 in Canada and the United States , respectively . Aguilera performed the song in a medley with `` Bionic '' and `` Not Myself Tonight '' at the 2010 MTV Movie Awards .

neg: Sevillanas Sevillanas ( -LSB- seβiˈʝanas -RSB- ) are a type of folk music and dance of Seville and its region . They were derived from the Seguidilla , an old Castilian folk music and dance genre . In the nineteenth century they were influenced by Flamenco . They have a relatively limited musical pattern but are rich in lyrics based on country life , virgins , country towns , neighborhoods , pilgrimage , and love themes . They are sung by a plethora of local groups , like the Los Romeros de la Puebla , Los Amigos de Gines , Las Corraleras de Lebrija , Cantores de Hispalis , and Los del Río . Every year , dozens of new sevillanas on CD are published .   Sevillanas can be heard mainly in fairs and festivals , including the famous Seville Fair , La Feria de Abril . There is an associated dance for the music : `` Baile por sevillanas '' , consisting of four different parts . One can find schools teaching `` baile por sevillanas '' in nearly every town in Spain .   Sevillanas Rocieras are a religiously oriented genre of the Sevillana , with particular emphasis on the Virgin of the Rocío . They are sung in numerous religious and cultural events in the South of the country .

neg: Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) .   Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president .   Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially .   The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn .   In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 .   Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician .   The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years .   In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .

neg: Oh Mother `` Oh Mother '' is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for her fifth studio album , Back to Basics ( 2006 ) . The song was released on November 23 , 2007 by RCA Records as the fourth and final single from the album in European territories , while `` Slow Down Baby '' was serviced as the final single in Oceania . It was written by Aguilera , Derryck Thornton , Mark Rankin , Liz Thornton , Christophe Barratier , Bruno Coulais and Kara DioGuardi . Production was done by Big Tank and Q , with L Boggie credited as co-producer and Aguilera serviced as additional producer .   `` Oh Mother '' is a downtempo pop and R&B piano ballad that talks about Aguilera 's abusive childhood . It incorporates various musical instruments , from strings to keyboards . It contains a sample from `` Vois Sur Ton Chemin '' , written by Bruno Coluais and Christopher Barratler . Upon its release , the song was met with mainly positive reviews from contemporary music critics . It also managed to enter charts in Europe with moderate success .


query: Reba McEntire is exclusively a doctor.

pos: Reba McEntire Reba Nell McEntire ( born March 28 , 1955 ) is an American country singer , songwriter , actress , and record producer . She began her career in the music industry as a high school student singing in the Kiowa High School band , on local radio shows with her siblings , and at rodeos . While a sophomore in college , she performed the National Anthem at the National Rodeo in Oklahoma City and caught the attention of country artist Red Steagall who brought her to Nashville , Tennessee . She signed a contract with Mercury Records a year later in 1975 . She released her first solo album in 1977 and released five additional studio albums under the label until 1983 .   Signing with MCA Nashville Records , McEntire took creative control over her second MCA album , My Kind of Country ( 1984 ) , which had a more traditional country sound and produced two number one singles : `` How Blue '' and `` Somebody Should Leave '' . The album brought her breakthrough success , bringing her a series of successful albums and number one singles in the 1980s and 1990s . McEntire has since released 29 studio albums , acquired 40 number one singles , 16 number one albums , and 28 albums have been certified gold , platinum or multi-platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America . She has sometimes been referred to as `` The Queen of Country '' . and she is one of the best-selling artists of all time , having sold more than 85 million records worldwide .   In the early 1990s , McEntire branched into film starting with 1990 's Tremors . She has since starred in the Broadway revival of Annie Get Your Gun and in her television sitcom , Reba ( 2001 -- 07 ) for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series -- Musical or Comedy .

neg: Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego .   One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .

neg: Healthcare Businesswomen's Association The Healthcare Businesswomen 's Association ( HBA ) was founded in 1977 as a global non-profit organization dedicated to furthering the advancement of women in healthcare worldwide .

neg: Retail clinic A retail clinic is a category of walk-in clinic located in retail stores , supermarkets and pharmacies that treat uncomplicated minor illnesses and provide preventative health care services . They are sometimes called `` retail-based clinics , '' `` convenient care clinics , '' or `` nurse-in-a-box . '' Retail clinics are usually staffed by nurse practitioners ( NPs ) or physician assistants ( PAs ) and do not necessarily have a doctor physically available onsite . Some , however , are staffed by physicians .

neg: Violence against doctors in China Violence against doctors and other medical practitioners in China has been reported as an increasing problem . National Ministry of Health statistics indicate that the number of violent incidents against hospitals and medical staff increased from about 10,000 in 2005 to more than 17,000 in 2010 . A survey by the Chinese Hospital Association reported an average of 27.3 assaults per hospital per year in 2012 , up from 20.6 assaults per hospital per year in 2006 . In 2012 , an editorial in The Lancet described the situation as a `` crisis '' for the practice of medicine in China .

neg: Dietitian A dietitian ( or dietician ) is an expert in dietetics ; that is , human nutrition and the regulation of diet . A dietitian alters their patient 's nutrition based upon their medical condition and individual needs . Dietitians are regulated healthcare professionals licensed to assess , diagnose , and treat nutritional problems .   A registered dietitian ( RD ) or registered dietitian nutritionist ( RDN ) , is a dietitian who meets all of a set of special academic and professional requirements , including :   the completion of a bachelor 's degree with an accredited nutrition curriculum  satisfactory performance on the registration exam  an internship at an approved health-care facility , foodservice organization , or community agency   Roughly half of all RDNs hold graduate degrees . and many have certifications in specialized fields such as sports , pediatrics , renal , oncological , food-allergy , or gerontological nutrition . After learning about a patient 's health history , favorite foods , eating and exercise habits , the RD helps the person to set goals and to prioritize . Follow-up visits often focus on maintenance and monitoring progress .   Most RDs work in the treatment and prevention of disease ( administering medical nutrition therapy , as part of medical teams ) , often in hospitals , health-maintenance organizations , private practices , or other health-care facilities . In addition , a large number of registered dietitians work in community and public-health settings , and/or in academia and research . A growing number of dietitians work in the food industry , journalism , sports nutrition , corporate wellness programs , and other non-traditional dietetics settings .

neg: Boston University School of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine ( BUSM ) is one of the graduate schools of Boston University . Founded in 1848 , the medical school holds the unique distinction as the first institution in the world to formally educate female physicians . Originally known as the New England Female Medical College , it was subsequently renamed BUSM in 1873 . It is notably also the first medical school in the United States to award an M.D. degree to an African-American woman in 1864 .   As the only medical school located in the South End neighborhood of Boston , Massachusetts , BUSM and Boston Medical Center , its primary teaching hospital , operates the largest 24-hour Level I trauma center in New England , the largest network of regional community health centers , and possesses the most diverse patient base in New England . BUSM is also the home of the world-renowned Framingham Heart Study -- from which all knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors were originally discovered . Notable alumni of the medical school include Marcia Angell , former editor-in-chief of the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine and the only woman to hold the position in the journal 's almost 200-year history , as well as Louis Wade Sullivan , former Secretary of the US Department of Health and Human Services and founder of Morehouse School of Medicine . Boston University School of Medicine is ranked 29th on the 2017 list of Best Medical Schools in the Best Research category by the U.S. News & World Report .

neg: Medical Respite Care Medical respite care , also referred to as recuperative care , is acute and post-acute medical care for homeless persons who are too ill or frail to recover from a physical illness or injury on the streets but are not ill enough to be in a hospital . Unlike `` respite '' for caregivers , `` medical respite '' is short-term residential care that allows homeless individuals the opportunity to rest in a safe environment while accessing medical care and other supportive services . Medical respite programs provide hospitals with an alternative to discharging homeless patients to the streets or to unequipped shelters when patients would otherwise be discharged to their homes for self-care and recuperation . In addition to providing post-acute care and clinical oversight , medical respite programs seek to improve transitional care for this population and end the cycle of homelessness by supporting patients in access benefits and housing .   As of 2014 , over 70 medical respite programs have been established across the United States and a number are in development . Medical respite programs are housed in a number of different facility types including homeless shelters , motel rooms , nursing facilities , assisted living facilities and stand-alone facilities . The largest facility is based out of Boston , Massachusetts ( United States ) , called the Barbara McIinnis House , which has 104 beds for men and women in need of a safe place to recuperate after leaving a hospital . The national average length of stay in medical respite programs is 40 days ( 30 days median ) .   Studies and discussion about medical respite care include works on an individual and program level . A study out of Chicago looking at the impact of medical respite care on future hospitalizations found that patients who accessed medical respite care required fewer hospital stays ( 3.7 vs. 8.3 days ) in the 12-months after program participation than those discharged from the hospital to the street or shelter . Another study out of Boston found similar results with homeless patients requiring 50 % fewer hospital readmissions in the 90-days following medical respite program participation than those released to their own care ( the street or shelter ) . Medical respite care has been discussed in the American Medical New Ethics Forum .   Medical respite care is listed as a strategy in the federal plan to prevent and end homelessness . The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation is currently conducting a national demonstration program to assess the impact of medical respite care . The demonstration is supported by the Affordable Care Act as an effort to improve health outcomes and health care quality while reducing health care spending for this population .   The National Health Care for the Homeless Council maintains a Respite Care Providers ' Network of over 700 providers , consumers , and advocates who seek to improve access to medical respite care for homeless individuals across the country .

neg: Susie McEntire Martha Susan `` Susie '' McEntire-Eaton ( formerly Luchsinger ; born November 8 , 1957 ) is an American CCM singer . She is the younger sister of Reba , Alice , and Pake . She used her married name of Susie Luchsinger on her solo albums until her divorce in 2008 .

neg: I Need a Doctor `` I Need a Doctor '' is a single by American rappers Dr. Dre and Eminem and recording artist Skylar Grey . The song is produced by British record producer Alex da Kid , mixed by Dr. Dre , and was released for digital download through the American iTunes Store on February 1 , 2011 .   Musically , `` I Need a Doctor '' is predominantly a rap song , backed by a `` spacey '' , drum-heavy production , with extra piano keys featured in the introduction and the chorus . Lyrically , the song is largely about Dr. Dre and Eminem 's close friendship , and how they have often needed and inspired each other in the past .   Even though the song was leaked onto the Internet several months in advance of its release , it became a significant commercial success on its official release , particularly in the United States , where it peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Dr. Dre 's second highest peaking song on the chart ever , and also peaking in the upper regions of many national charts . As of October 2011 , it has sold over 2,206,000 digital copies in the United States alone .

neg: Medical degree A medical degree is a vocational , or even technical , degree awarded for studies in fields associated with medicine and surgery .   A study conducted in 2011 that involved more than 1000 medical schools throughout the world indicated on average , 64 university exams , 130 series exams , and 174 assignments are completed over the course of 5.5 years . Students need more than 85 % marks in prerequisite courses in order to get enrolled for the aptitude test for these degree programs . They then have to pass the test with 85 % to 90 % marks , which is high compared with all the other bachelor 's degree programs .

neg: What If (Reba McEntire song) `` What If '' is a song written by Diane Warren , originally recorded by Brenda K. Starr for her 1991 album By Heart . The song was covered in 1995 by Belgian jazz band Vaya Con Dios on their album Roots and Wings .

neg: Morehouse School of Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine is a co-educational medical school in Atlanta , Georgia , USA .

neg: Suicide among doctors Suicide among doctors refers to physicians or similar health care providers committing suicide .   Studies report that physicians are more likely to commit suicide than the general population and even people with similar academic training who are not physicians .   The suicide mortality rate ( `` completion '' ) is about the same among male and female doctors , and significantly higher than the general population . Female physicians are at higher risk of attempting suicide than men , showing rates over 250 % higher among women and about 70 % higher among men versus the general population .

neg: University of Louisville School of Medicine The University of Louisville School of Medicine at the University of Louisville is a medical school located in Louisville , Kentucky , United States . Opened as the Louisville Medical Institute in 1837 , it is one of the oldest medical schools in North America and the 9th oldest in the United States .   University of Louisville researchers achieved the first implantation of the first fully self-contained artificial heart , the first successful hand transplant in the world , the first five hand transplants in the United States and nine hand transplants in eight recipients as of 2008 , the first discovery of embryonic-like stem cells in adult human bone marrow , and the first proof that adult nasal stem cells can grow to become other types of cells . In 2013 , U.S. News & World Report ranked the University of Louisville School of Medicine # 76 in research in its annual list of Best Medical Schools in the United States .   The school offers several dual degree programs including MD/MS , MD/MA , MD/MBA , MD/MPH , and MD/PhD degrees . For the 2013 entering class , 159 students enrolled in the Doctor of Medicine ( M.D. ) program .   In May 2013 , Dr. Toni M. Ganzel was selected as the next dean of the School of Medicine .

neg: Progress note Progress Notes are the part of a medical record where healthcare professionals record details to document a patient 's clinical status or achievements during the course of a hospitalization or over the course of outpatient care . Reassessment data may be recorded in the Progress Notes , Master Treatment Plan ( MTP ) and/or MTP review . Progress notes are written in a variety of formats and detail , depending on the clinical situation at hand and the information the clinician wishes to record . One example is the SOAP note , where the note is organized into Subjective ,  Objective , Assessment , and Plan sections . Another example is the DART system , organized into Description , Assessment , Response , and Treatment .  Documentation of care and treatment is an extremely important part of the treatment process . Progress notes are written by both physicians and nurses to document patient care on a regular interval during a patient 's hospitalization .   Progress notes serve as a record of events during a patient 's care , allow clinicians to compare past status to current status , serve to communicate findings , opinions and plans between physicians and other members of the medical care team , and allow retrospective review of case details for a variety of interested parties . They are the repository of medical facts and clinical thinking , and are intended to be a concise vehicle of communication about a patient 's condition to those who access the health record . The majority of the medical record consists of progress notes documenting the care delivered and the clinical events relevant to diagnosis and treatment for a patient . They should be readable , easily understood , complete , accurate , and concise . They must also be flexible enough to logically convey to others what happened during an encounter , e.g. , the chain of events during the visit , as well as guaranteeing full accountability for documented material , e.g. , who recorded the information and when it was recorded .   Physicians are generally required to generate at least one progress note for each patient encounter . Physician documentation is then usually included in the patient 's chart and used for medical , legal , and billing purposes . Nurses are required to generate progress notes on a more frequent basis , depending on the level of care and may be required anywhere from several times an hour to several times a day .

neg: Psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry , the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis , prevention , study , and treatment of mental disorders . Psychiatrists are medical doctors , unlike psychologists , and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness , a combination of physical and mental ailments , or strictly psychiatric .   As part of the clinical assessment process , psychiatrists may employ a mental status examination ; a physical examination ; brain imaging such as a computerized tomography ( CT ) , magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , or positron emission tomography ( PET ) scan ; and blood testing . Psychiatrists prescribe medicine , and may also use psychotherapy , although the vast majority do medical management and refer to a psychologist or other specialized therapist for weekly to bi-monthly psychotherapy .

neg: Mary Henry (doctor) Mary Elizabeth Frances Henry ( born 11 May 1940 , in Blackrock , Cork ) is a former Irish politician and medical doctor . She was an independent member of Seanad Éireann . She was elected Pro-Chancellor of the University of Dublin in 2012 . By profession she is a University Professor and medical practitioner . In 1966 she married John McEntagart of Dublin , Merchant and they have three children . She is a member of the Church of Ireland .   She is a graduate of the University of Dublin ( B.A. in English and History of Medicine 1963 , M.B. ( Honours ) ( 1965 ) , M.A. ( 1966 ) M.D. ( 1968 ) ) . As an undergraduate , among many other distinctions she won the Sir James Craig Memorial Prize in Medicine .   She represented the University of Dublin constituency in the Seanad from 1993 until 2007 . She did not stand in the 2007 Seanad election , and Ivana Bacik was elected to succeed her .

neg: MD–PhD The Doctorate of Medicine and of Philosophy ( MD -- PhD ) is a dual doctoral degree for physician -- scientists . The degree is granted by medical schools often through the Medical Scientist Training Program or other non-MSTP MD -- PhD programs . The National Institutes of Health currently provides 43 medical schools with Medical Scientist Training Program grants that support the training of students in MD -- PhD programs at these institutions through tuition and stipend allowances . These programs are often competitive , with some admitting as few as two students per academic year . The MCAT score and GPA of MD -- PhD matriculants are often higher than MD only matriculants .

neg: Medical care ratio Medical care ratio ( MCR ) , also known as medical cost ratio , medical loss ratio , and medical benefit ratio , is a metric used in managed health care and health insurance to measure medical costs as a percentage of premium revenues . It is a type of loss ratio , which is a common metric in insurance measuring the percentage of premiums paid out in claims rather than expenses and profit provision . It is calculated by dividing those premiums allocated for fully insured or self-funded health care coverage into the total expenses for inpatient , professional ( physicians and other licensed providers ) , outpatient , and pharmacy . ( Briefly , MCR = Costs/Premiums . ) As a general rule , a medical cost ratio of 85 % or less is desirable . Some insurers now call MCR benefit -- cost ratio ( BCR ) . In the United States , the term is medical loss ratio .

neg: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine ( UPSOM ) is a medical school located in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . The School of Medicine , also known as Pitt Med , is consistently ranked as a `` Top Medical School '' by U.S. News & World Report in both research and primary care . UPSOM is currently ranked 15th in the category of research by U.S. News and is separately ranked 11th in the Academic Ranking of World Universities list of best medical schools in the world . The school encompasses both a medical program , offering the doctor of medicine , and graduate programs , offering doctor of philosophy and master 's degrees in several areas of biomedical science , clinical research , medical education , and medical informatics .   Pitt med is a national leader in biomedical research . In an analysis of National Institutes of Health funding for the 2015 fiscal year , the faculty of the School of Medicine and the Graduate School of Public Health ranks fifth , with total funding of more than $ 414 million . Admission to the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine is highly competitive ; the incoming class averaged a score of 33 on the MCAT with an average GPA of 3.7 .  In 2016 , 5,872 people applied and 847 were interviewed for 148 positions in the medical school 's entering class .   The School of Medicine is closely affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center ( UPMC ) . UPMC is considered a leading American health care provider , as its flagship facilities have ranked in the U.S. News & World Report `` Honor Roll '' of the approximately 15 to 20 best hospitals in America for over a decade . In 2016 , for the 17th time in recent years , UPMC appears on the U.S. News and World Report Honor Roll of American 's Best Hospitals . UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside ranked 12th overall , making it the highest-ranked medical center in Pittsburgh , and was one of only 20 hospitals nationwide that made the Honor Roll of the `` nation 's best '' in the 2016 survey . Nationally , UPMC is recognized for excellence in 15 of 16 specialty areas and is among the top 10 hospitals in four specialties : ear , nose , and throat ; gastroenterology and GI surgery ; pulmonology ; and  rheumatology . Children 's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC is ranked seventh overall and ranked in nine of 10 pediatric specialties included in the magazine 's survey , four of which were ranked in the top 10 .   The School of Medicine is one of sixteen schools that comprise the University of Pittsburgh and is located in the Oakland neighborhood of the city of Pittsburgh .


query: BYD Auto is only a consulting firm from Japan.

pos: BYD Auto BYD Auto Co. , Ltd. is a Chinese automobile manufacturer based in Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , and a wholly owned subsidiary of BYD Company . It was founded in 2003 , following BYD Company 's acquisition of Tsinchuan Automobile Company in 2002 . Its principal activity is the design , development , manufacture and distribution of passenger cars and buses sold under the BYD brand . It also has a 50:50 joint venture with Daimler AG , Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology Co. , Ltd. , which develops and manufactures luxury electric cars sold under the Denza brand .   BYD Auto sold a total of 506,189 passenger cars in China in 2013 , making it the tenth-largest selling brand and the largest selling Chinese brand . In 2015 , BYD Auto was the best selling global electric vehicle brand , ahead of General Motors and Nissan . For a second year running , BYD was the world 's top selling plug-in electric car manufacturer with over 100,000 units delivered in 2016 , followed by Tesla , Inc. . In October 2016 , BYD Auto became the all-time second largest global plug-in car manufacturer after the Renault-Nissan Alliance .

neg: Japan Association of Corporate Executives The is a Japanese professional association of independent leading executives . Founded in 1948 , the group engages in advocacy on public policy issues related to the development of the Japanese economy in both a domestic and global context . The association is commonly referred to as `` Keizai Dōyukai '' .   Keizai Dōyukai conducts in-depth policy studies , publishes position papers , and holds regular meetings and seminars on issues relating to the development of the Japanese economy . The association seeks to engage with political parties , government officials , labour organizations and other economic stakeholders .   For most of the post-war period , Keizai Dōyukai has promoted a more progressive , innovative and market based economic approach to business issues in contrast to the position of country 's other main corporate sponsored business associations ; Keidanren and the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry .

neg: Itaru Ishii is an international consultant . He is the President of Ishii Brothers ' Co. , located in Tokyo , Japan , an independent consulting firm and licensed publisher .

neg: Alps Electric is a Japanese multinational corporation , headquartered in Tokyo , Japan , producing electronic devices , including switches , potentiometers , sensors , encoders and touchpads .   The company was established in 1948 as Kataoka Electric Co. , Ltd. and changed its name to Alps Electric Co. , Ltd. in December 1964 . Since June 22 , 2012 , the President has been Toshihiro Kuriyama and Chairman is Masataka Kataoka . Alps is also well known for the Alpine brand of car audio .   The Alps Electric Group has R&D , production and sales bases located in Japan and around the globe -- in the Americas , Europe , Southeast Asia , Korea , and Greater China . Since its founding , Alps Electric has supplied around 40,000 types of electronic component to over 2,000 manufacturers of home appliances , mobile devices , automobiles and industrial equipment worldwide .   Alps Group comprises 84 subsidiary companies , 25 through Alps Electric , 32 through Alpine Electronics and 27 through Alps Logistics .   The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and a constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index .

neg: Toyota Corona The Toyota Corona was an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota between 1957 and 2003 . Traditionally , the competitor from Nissan was the Nissan Bluebird . The word `` corona '' is Latin for `` crown '' , a reference to an earlier vehicle Toyota offered called the Toyota Crown . It was exclusive to Toyopet Store dealership channels in Japan , while the larger Crown was available only at Toyota Store locations .   In many countries , the Corona was one of Toyota 's first international exports , and was shortly joined by the smaller Toyota Corolla , providing buyers with a choice of a larger car , with similar operating expenses to the smaller Corolla . The Corona was Toyota 's second sedan in their hierarchy of products , just below the Crown , until 1968 when the Corona name was used on a larger , all new platform called the Toyota Corona Mark II , which gave buyers more interior space while still offering dependable , affordable performance .   The Corona became successful in export markets and was marketed under a number of different nameplates worldwide -- including those branded in much of Asia as Coronas marketed in European markets as Carinas .   __ TOC __

neg: Dowa Automobile Company Dōwa Automotive Industries Co Ltd ( traditional Chinese/Ky ūjitai : 同和自動車工業株式會社 ; simplified Chinese/Shinjitai : 同和自動車工業株式会社 ; Japanese Hepburn : Dōwa Jidōsha Kōgyō kabushiki kaisha ) was a Manchukuo-based manufacturer of automobiles , trucks and armored cars . Its head office was in Hsinking , the capital of Manchukuo .

neg: BYD G6 The BYD G6 is a midsize four-door saloon produced by the Chinese manufacturer BYD Auto launched in September 2011 .   The G6 is available with a choice of two four-cylinder petrol engines : a BYD designed all-aluminum-alloy 1.5 L ( 1497 cc ) turbo ( called TID ) producing 113 kW and 240 Nm mated with a 6-speed dual clutch automatic or a Mitsubishi 483QB 2.0 L ( 1991 cc ) producing 103 kW and 186 Nm with a 5-speed manual .

neg: Dadi Auto Dadi Auto ( officially Dadi Automobile Group Co. , Ltd. ) is a pickup truck and heavy-duty truck manufacturing company headquartered in Baoding , China . Formerly a military automobile maker , Baoding Dadi assembled their first civil pickup in 1988 . Currently their product line-up mirrors that of Great Wall Motor and Zhongxing . The company claims a production capacity of 50,000 units per year , but this figure may conflate engines and whole vehicles . The company has since then stopped manufacturing passenger cars , and has been focusing on the commercial vehicle market .

neg: GLM Co. Ltd. GLM Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese electric sportscar automaker , based in Kyoto , Japan . The company was initially founded in 2010 .

neg: Subaru Corporation , formerly known as ( FHI ) , is a Japanese multinational corporation and conglomerate primarily involved in aerospace and ground transportation manufacturing , known for its line of Subaru automobiles . The company 's aerospace division serves as a defense contractor to the Japanese government , manufacturing Boeing and Lockheed Martin helicopters and airplanes under license along with being a global development and manufacturing partner to both companies .

neg: Fujita (company) Fujita was the name of a Japanese conglomerate zaibatsu based in Osaka .

neg: Auto Europe Auto Europe is a large car rental wholesale company , working with approximately 20,000 car rental locations in 180 countries in Europe , Asia , Africa , Australia , as well as North and South America . Auto Europe has been accredited with the Better Business Bureau since April 2 , 1993 with an A + rating .   Auto Europe was founded in Germany in 1954 by Alex Cecil . The company got its start purchasing cars to rent to U.S. travelers in Europe . Cecil later moved to New York and eventually relocated the company to Maine . In 1997 , Alex Cecil retired , passing the reins to Imad Khalidi , President and CEO of Auto Europe .   In 1995 , Auto Europe began offering airfare and hotels under the name Destination Europe . In 2010 , they re-branded this division as Fly International .

neg: Foton Motor Beiqi Foton Motor Co. , Ltd. ( Foton Motor or Foton ) is a Chinese company which designs and manufactures trucks , buses , sport utility vehicles and agricultural machinery . It is headquartered in Changping , Beijing and is a subsidiary of BAIC Group .   Foton makes commercial trucks in a joint venture with Daimler AG , called Beijing Foton Daimler Automobile Co. , Ltd. , which sells its products under the `` Auman '' brand name .

neg: Nagoya Rinkai Railway The is a Japanese freight-only railway company in Nagoya , Aichi , shared by Japan Freight Railway Company , Nagoya Port Authority , and Nippon Express . The third sector company ( in a sense in Japan ) was founded in 1965 . The company is abbreviated as . Its lines serve the industrial area of the Nagoya Port . They mainly transport limestones via Seinō Railway , chemical products , train cars of Nagoya Railroad , or car parts of Toyota Motor .

neg: T&D Holdings T&D Holdings is a Japanese insurance company . It is listed on the Nikkei 225 . It is based in Tokyo , Japan .  Subsidiaries include Taiyo Life , Daido Life , T&D Financial Life , and T&D Asset Management .   In 2012 , it was ranked 413 in the Fortune Global 500 list , with USD $ 26.6 bn in revenue . Assets -- $ 123.7 billion ( 2015 ) .

neg: BYD S6 BYD S6 is the first SUV model independently designed and manufactured by the China 's Shenzhen-based battery , PV and auto maker , BYD Company Ltd. . BYD S6 was shown at the Guangzhou Auto Show in late 2010 and since May 6 , 2011 when this model was first officially sold in Changsha , China , it has witnessed a vibrant growth in sales thanks to its attractive SUV exterior design and overall performance in electronic equipment and safety etc. . It became the best selling China domestic SUV in sales volume by reaching 15,000 units in December , 2011 , being awarded as `` Fastest Seller SUV '' and has been named China 's `` SUV of the Year '' according to the Annual Ranking of Chinese Automobiles -- the highest honor in the China Automotive Industry .

neg: Sewells Group Sewells Group is a global consulting and outsourcing company specialising in the automotive retail industry , with presence in Asia Pacific , Africa and the Middle East regions .

neg: Katsuhiro Nakagawa is the former vice chairman of Toyota Motor Corporation . Vice-Minister for International Affairs , Ministry of Economy , Trade and Industry in 1997 - 1998 ． Former president and CEO Katsuaki Watanabe replaced him as the new vice chairman of the company and Watanabe 's spot being replaced by Akio Toyoda .   Other corporate position held by Nakagawa :   Chairman of Tokio Marine Capital Co. , Ltd  Auditor of Shochiku Co. , Ltd. 2001-2014  Corporate Auditor of Aichi Steel Corp. 2006 -  President and Director of MX Mobiling Co. , Ltd. 2008 - ?  Director of Mikuni Corporation 2013 -

neg: Dekra DEKRA is a vehicle inspection company founded in Berlin , Germany in 1925 as Deutscher Kraftfahrzeug-Überwachungs-Verein ( German Motor Vehicle Inspection Association ) . With approximately 36,000 employees and revenues of roughly $ 1.9 billion , DEKRA is the largest inspection company in Germany and the third-largest in the world . By its own account , it is the European market leader . The group focuses on the inspection of vehicles and technical systems , but also offers other services . DEKRA has had its headquarters in Stuttgart since 1946 . Business operations are carried out by DEKRA SE , which is wholly owned by DEKRA e. V.

neg: Japan Civil Aviation Bureau The is the civil aviation authority of Japan and a division of the Ministry of Land , Infrastructure , Transport and Tourism ( MLIT ) . Its head office is in the MLIT building in Kasumigaseki , Chiyoda , Tokyo . It is the Japanese equivalent of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration .

neg: JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy , or NOC or Shin-Nisseki is a Japanese petroleum company . Its businesses include the exploration , importation , and refining of crude oil ; the manufacture and sale of petroleum products , including fuels and lubricants ; and other energy-related activities .   Its products are sold under the brand name ENEOS , which is also the name used for its service stations . It is the largest oil company in Japan , and in recent years it has been expanding its operations in other countries .   JX Nippon Oil & Energy is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group ( MUFJ ) keiretsu .