query: Timber is off Meltdown.

pos: Timber (Pitbull song) `` Timber '' is a song by American rapper Pitbull featuring American recording artist Kesha . The song was released on October 7 , 2013 , as the lead single from Pitbull 's extended play ( EP ) Meltdown . The song was produced by Dr. Luke , Cirkut , and Sermstyle , with additional production by Nick Seeley . The song interpolates Lee Oskar 's 1978 single `` San Francisco Bay '' and features harmonica player Paul Harrington , who plays through the entire song and was told to emulate Oskar .   The song peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks and also topped the charts in many other countries , including Canada ( where it stood at No. 1 for eight consecutive weeks ) , Denmark , Germany , the Netherlands , and the United Kingdom . According to the IFPI , the song sold 12.6 million units worldwide in 2014 , including single-track downloads and track-equivalent streams , becoming the sixth best-selling song of that year .

neg: Pulp (paper) Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood , fiber crops or waste paper . The wood fiber sources required for pulping are `` 45 % sawmill residue , 21 % logs and chips , and 34 % recycled paper '' ( Canada , 2014 ) . Many kinds of paper are made from wood with nothing else mixed into them . This includes newspaper , magazines and even toilet paper . Pulp is one of the most abundant raw materials worldwide .

neg: Laurel Summit State Park Laurel Summit State Park is a 6 acre Pennsylvania state park in Cook Township , Westmoreland County , Pennsylvania in the United States . It is also a picnic area with a scenic view of Linn Run on the summit of Laurel Mountain . The temperatures at Laurel Summit State Park are generally several degrees cooler than the surrounding towns in the valleys . The elevation of the park is 2739 ft above sea level .   The area in and surrounding Laurel Summit State Park is now a thriving second growth forest . One hundred years ago it was generally described as a `` waste land '' . The ridges of the Laurel Mountain had once been covered with old-growth forest . These forests were clear cut during the lumber era that swept over most of the mountains and forests of Pennsylvania during the mid-to-late 19th century and very early 20th century . The lumberman stripped the mountains . They took the logs to the sawmill where they were cut into lumber . Smaller logs were used to reinforce the mine shafts of the many coal mines throughout southwestern Pennsylvania and West Virginia . The bark of the hemlock tree was used as a source of tannin at the tanneries of the area . The only thing the lumbermen left behind was the treetops . These tree tops were left to dry . The passing steam locomotives of the Pittsburgh , Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad would ignite this dry brush causing massive wildfires that swept through the mountains and valleys . In 1909 , after the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania had purchased the land from the lumberman , Forester John R. Williams reported , `` I should say that fully three-fifths ( 60 % ) of the reserve had been burned since the lumbering was done . The fires did great damage to the young growth . Some places were covered with nothing but ferns and blackberry bushes . '' Scars from these fires can still be seen today in the Laurel Summit vicinity .   Most of the wildlife in the area was devastated due to the destruction of their habitat or over hunting . White-tailed deer were imported from Michigan and New York to reestablish what had once been a thriving population of deer . These deer were released throughout Pennsylvania . The current population of deer in Pennsylvania are descended from the original stock that was introduced in 1910 after the lumberman had moved out of the area .

neg: Forester A forester is a person who practices forestry , the science , art , and profession of managing forests . Foresters engage in a broad range of activities including timber harvesting , ecological restoration and management of protected areas . Foresters manage forests to provide a variety of objectives including direct extraction of raw material , outdoor recreation , conservation , hunting and aesthetics . Emerging management practices include managing forestlands for biodiversity , carbon sequestration and air quality .   Many people confuse the role of the forester with that of the logger , but most foresters are concerned not only with the harvest of timber , but also with the sustainable management of forests to ( in the words of Gifford Pinchot ) `` provide the greatest good for the greatest number in the long term '' . Another notable forester , Jack C. Westoby , remarked that `` forestry is concerned not with trees , but with how trees can serve people '' .

neg: Pulpwood Pulpwood refers to timber with the principal use of making wood pulp for paper production .

neg: Laminated veneer lumber Laminated veneer lumber ( LVL ) is an engineered wood product that uses multiple layers of thin wood assembled with adhesives . It is typically used for headers , beams , rimboard , and edge-forming material . LVL offers several advantages over typical milled lumber : Made in a factory under controlled specifications , it is stronger , straighter , and more uniform . Due to its composite nature , it is much less likely than conventional lumber to warp , twist , bow , or shrink .   Laminated veneer lumber is similar in appearance to plywood without crossbands , and is typically rated by the manufacturer for elastic modulus and allowable bending stress . Common elastic moduli are 1800000 psi ; 1900000 psi ; and 2000000 psi ; and common allowable bending stress values are 2800 psi ; and 3000 psi .   LVL is commonly manufactured in North America by companies that also manufacture I-joists . LVL is manufactured to sizes compatible with the depth of I-joist framing members for use as beams and headers . Additionally , some manufacturers further cut LVL into sizes for use as chord-members on I-joists . In 2012 , North American LVL manufacturers produced more than 43.4 million cubic feet ( 1.2 million cubic meters ) of LVL in 18 different facilities , and in 2013 the production increased with more than 14 % .   Because it is specifically sized to be compatible with I-joist floor framing , residential builders and building designers like the combination of I-joist and LVL floor and roof assemblies . LVL is a highly reliable building material that provides many of the same attributes associated with large sized timbers .

neg: Masonry heater A masonry heater ( or masonry stove , ceramic stove , tile stove ) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating , by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel ( usually wood ) , and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature for a long period . The technology has existed in different forms , from back into the Neoglacial and Neolithic periods . Archeological digs have revealed excavations of ancient inhabitants utilizing hot smoke from fires in their subterranean dwellings , to radiate into the living spaces . These early forms have evolved into modern systems . Evidence found from 5,000 B.C. of massive blocks of masonry used to retain heat foreshadowed early forms of fire hearths that were used as multifunctional heating sources . Later evolutions came in the Roman hypocaust , Austrian/German ( kachelofen , baths ) using the smoke and exhaust of a single fire . In Eastern and Northern Europe and North Asia , these kachelofens ( or steinofens ) evolved in many different forms and names : for example the Russian Stove/Fireplace ( -LSB- : ru : Русская печь , Русская печь -RSB- ) , the Finnish Stove ( in Finnish : pystyuuni or kaakeliuuni , `` tile oven '' ) and the Swedish Stove ( in Swedish : kakelugn , `` tile stove '' or `` contra-flow stove '' ) associated with Carl Johan Cronstedt . The Chinese developed the same principle into their Kang bed-stove . The masonry heater has gained renewed domestic popularity recently because of its heating efficiency .   ASTM International calls a masonry heater `` a vented heating system of predominantly masonry construction having a mass of at least 800 kg ( 1760 lbs ) , excluding the chimney and masonry heater base . In particular , a masonry heater is designed specifically to capture and store a substantial portion of the heat energy from a solid fuel fire in the mass of the masonry heater through internal heat exchange flue channels , enable a charge of solid fuel mixed with an adequate amount of air to burn rapidly and more completely at high temperatures in order to reduce emission of unburned hydrocarbons , and be constructed of sufficient mass and surface area such that under normal operating conditions , the external surface temperature of the masonry heater ( except in the region immediately surrounding the fuel loading door ( s ) ) , does not exceed 110 ° C ( 230 ° F ) . ''

neg: Timber rattlesnake The timber rattlesnake , canebrake rattlesnake or banded rattlesnake ( Crotalus horridus ) , is a species of venomous pit viper endemic to the eastern United States . This is the only rattlesnake species in most of the populous northeastern United States and is second only to its cousins to the west , the prairie rattlesnake , as the most northerly distributed venomous snake in North America . No subspecies are currently recognized .

neg: Rustico Farm & Cellars Rustico Farm & Cellars is the location of a British Columbia , Canada heritage building . Originally a bunkhouse for 18 miners at the Sally Silver Mine above Beaverdell , British Columbia , it is believed the structure was constructed in the late 18th century as part of that mining company 's infrastructure .   John Tokias , a Hungarian immigrant to Canada , who worked as a locomotive driver near the village of Beaverdell discovered the building and gained permission to dismantle it and relocate it the Oliver , B.C. area , some 3 hours distant . Although he planned to contract the moving of the massive logs , local companies refused his request as the journey entailed moving the structure down a mountainside by truck and it was determined that the tight switchbacks on the mountain roads were too dangerous .   As Mr. Tokias was unable to move the massive logs in this traditional manner , he designed a small trailer , extended this trailer behind an old Volkswagen truck , and personally loaded and hauled the logs 2 or 3 at a time to the valley , then along the roads to a homestead site between the towns of Osoyoos BC ( on the Washington/US border ) and Oliver BC , a ranching , mining , agricultural town to the north . With his wife and two children he reconstructed the former mining bunkhouse on a mountainside overlooking the Oliver Valley facing southeast to Osoyoos Lake and the U.S.   As the cedar roof of the original structure was in such disrepair that it could not be moved , John Tokias cut sod strips from the valley and mountainside and created a complete `` desert crust '' covering for his building . On this roof he placed numerous wild animal bones , antlers , skulls etc. . Not only was this his unique creative expression but they served to help the sod pieces to knit together to form a very practical roofing solution . The roof attracted a wide variety of birdlife , some species rare to the South Okanagan BC area . Today the sod roof also displays a number of cacti and flowering desert plants and its insulation abilities allow the log structure to remain cool in the heat of the desert summer and with a minimal amount of heat generated from recycled wood pellets , comfortable in the freezing temperatures of winter .   Mr. Tokias , know locally as being somewhat eccentric , became a well-known wood carver , showing his works both in the community and afield . He collected all manner of mining artifacts and utilized many of his findings to establish , for his family 's purposes , a small vineyard where he planted Chancellor grapes ( French hybrid ) .   Over the years , while continuing to work as a locomotive driver at the nearby Kettle Valley Railway , he planted the remaining 10 acre with other grape varieties , the harvests sold to neighboring wineries that were beginning to develop in the Oliver/Osoyoos corridor .   Following John Tokias ' death his family continued to farm the land but eventually the property was sold . The purchaser further developed the vineyards and then built a small building to house a boutique winery operation . The winery was never operational and the property was resold to Bruce Fuller , a West Vancouver BC businessman .   The hand-hewn log , desert-crust sod-roofed former mining bunkhouse , is called a , `` rustico #Noun '' , an Italian word for an immigrant 's rough countryside lodging , and has provided the name for Rustico Farm & Cellars .   The current owners have revitalized the vineyards and have begun to graft over Cabernet Franc to replace the nearly 50-year-old Chancellor vines .   Bruce Fuller , Proprietor of Rustico Farm & Cellars is a passionate collector of Canadian and American `` old-west '' artifacts and has showcased a collection on the property . The sampling room located in the winery behind a western-style false-front is aptly called a tasting `` saloon '' and displays much of his ongoing collection and is a welcome site for visitors looking to travel back in the area 's ranching , mining and agricultural history . An integral part of his collection includes three authentic wagons : a canvas-covered prairie grain wagon , an operational chuck wagon and a 1902 Doctor 's Buggy ( runabout ) .   Category : Buildings and structures in British Columbia

neg: Rockslide of Elm The rockslide of Elm ( Canton of Glarus , Switzerland , in German Der Bergsturz von Elm ) killed 115 people and destroyed 83 buildings on September 11 , 1881 . The catastrophe was partially caused by the mining of slate , beginning after 1870 , by impoverished farmers which sought an additional source of income . The farmers not being experienced with proper mining techniques , they destabilized the rock face until the final catastrophe .   The miners undercut the mountain face on a breadth of 180 , and already in 1878 first rock movements occurred . A geological commission which examined the issue of mounting rockfalls visited the scene shortly before the catastrophe , but did not find any indications of an impending disaster .   The loud noise of the rock falls , break-offs and fractures have already been heard during the Sunday mass on the morning of September 11 , 1881 . In spite of this , next to nobody left the dangerous area -- in contrary , many spectators went to the affected area or climbed to the nearby hamlet Düniberg on the opposing face of the valley in the hope of enjoying a better view of the spectacle .   In the late afternoon , after two smaller rock slides , 10 million meters cubed ( 353 million cubic ft ) of slate broke off , travelled 2 km ( 1.24 miles ) , and destroyed 90 hectares ( 222.4 acres ) of land . The slate mine was also completely destroyed .   The event and its causes were chronicled in the same year by the local priest Ernst Buss and the geologist Albert Heim in their publication `` Der Bergsturz von Elm '' .

neg: Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures In the eurocode series of European standards ( EN ) related to construction , Eurocode 5 : Design of timber structures ( abbreviated EN 1995 or , informally , EC 5 ) describes how to design buildings and civil engineering works in timber , using the limit state design philosophy . It was approved by the European Committee for Standardization ( CEN ) on 16 April 2004 . It applies for civil engineering works from solid timber , sawn , planned or in pole form , glued laminated timber or wood-based structural products , ( e.g. LVL ) or wood-based panels jointed together with adhesives or mechanical fasteners and is divided into the following parts .   EN Eurocode 5 is intended to be used in conjunction with :   EN 1990 : Eurocode - Basis of structural design ;  EN 1991 : Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures ;  hENs , ETAGs and ETAs : for construction products relevant to timber structures ;  EN 1998 : Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance , when timber structures are built in seismic regions .

neg: Post (structural) A post is a main vertical or leaning support in a structure similar to a column or pillar but the term post generally refers to a timber but may be metal or stone . A stud in wooden or metal building construction is similar but lighter duty than a post and a strut may be similar to a stud or act as a brace . In the U.K. a strut may be very similar to a post but not carry a beam . In wood construction posts normally land on a sill , but in rare types of buildings the post may continue through to the foundation called an interrupted sill or into the ground called earthfast , post in ground , or posthole construction . A post is also a fundamental element in a fence . The terms `` jack '' and `` cripple '' are used with shortened studs and rafters but not posts , except in the specialized vocabulary of shoring .

neg: Tree crown measurement The crown of a tree consists of the mass of foliage and branches growing outward from the trunk of the tree . The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown , taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown . Some listings will also list the maximum crown spread which represents the greatest width from dripline to dripline across the crown . Other crown measurements that are commonly taken include limb length , crown volume , and foliage density . Canopy mapping surveys the position and size of all of the limbs down to a certain size in the crown of the tree and is commonly used when measuring the overall wood volume of a tree .   Average crown spread is one of the parameters commonly measured as part of various champion tree programs and documentation efforts . Other commonly used parameters , outlined in tree measurement , include height , girth , and volume . Additional details on the methodology of tree height measurement , tree girth measurement , and tree volume measurement are presented in the links herein . American Forests , for example , uses a formula to calculate Big Tree Points as part of their Big Tree Program that awards a tree 1 point for each foot of height , 1 point for each inch of girth , and 1/4 point for each foot of crown spread . The tree whose point total is the highest for that species is crowned as the champion in their registry . The other parameter commonly measured , in addition to the species and location information , is wood volume . A general outline of tree measurements is provided in the article tree measurement and more detailed instruction in taking these basic measurements is provided in `` The Tree Measuring Guidelines of the Eastern Native Tree Society '' by Will Blozan .

neg: Illegal logging in Madagascar Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption . Often taking the form of selective logging , the trade has been driven by high international demand for expensive , fine-grained lumber such as rosewood and ebony . Historically , logging and exporting in Madagascar have been regulated by the Malagasy government , although the logging of rare hardwoods was explicitly banned from protected areas in 2000 . Since then , government orders and memos have intermittently alternated between permitting and banning exports of precious woods . The most commonly cited reason for permitting exports is to salvage valuable wood from cyclone damage , although this reasoning has come under heavy scrutiny . This oscillating availability of Malagasy rosewood and other precious woods has created a market of rising and falling prices , allowing traders or `` timber barons '' to stockpile illegally sourced logs during periodic bans and then flood the market when the trade windows open and prices are high .   The unsustainable exploitation of these tropical hardwoods , particularly rosewood from the SAVA Region , has escalated significantly since the start of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis . Thousands of poorly paid Malagasy loggers have flooded into the national parks -- especially in the northeast -- building roads , setting up logging camps , and cutting down even the most difficult to reach rosewood trees . Illegal activities are openly flaunted , armed militia have descended upon local villages , and a rosewood mafia easily bribe government officials , buying export permits with ease . These illegal operations are funded in part by advance payments for future shipments ( financed by Chinese expatriates and Chinese importers ) and by loans from large , international banks . Demand is fueled mostly by a growing Chinese middle class and their desire for exotic imperial-style furniture . European and American demand for high-end musical instruments and furniture have also played a role . However , public scrutiny has put significant pressure on shipping companies involved in the trade , and the United States is starting to enforce the Lacey Act by investigating companies with suspected involvement in the illegal trade of Malagasy precious woods .   Logging in Madagascar 's tropical rainforests has had many secondary effects , beyond the risk of depletion of rare , endemic trees . Habitat has been disturbed , illegal mining has begun , local people have turned in desperation to the forests for resources , and poaching of endangered wildlife has escalated . Lemurs , the most well-known faunal group from the island , have been captured for the exotic pet trade as well as killed for food . Even the most critically endangered species have been targeted , primarily to feed a growing demand for delicacy food in up-scale restaurants . The local villagers have also suffered as tourism has declined sharply or ceased almost entirely . Some have resorted to working as loggers for minimal pay , while others have spoken out against it , often receiving death threats from the rosewood mafia in return .

neg: Hyne & Son Hyne & Son Pty Ltd is a major Australian timber company .

neg: Prostrate shrub A prostrate shrub is a woody plant , most of the branches of which lie upon or just above the ground , rather than being held erect as are the branches of most trees and shrubs .   Prostration may occur because the supporting tissues in stems are not strong enough to support the weight of the plant , causing the plant to bend until it reaches the ground . Alternatively , it may occur because of a genetic disposition for branches to grow horizontally on or just under the ground ; for example , as a strategy to avoid overly strong sunlight . Finally , environmental factors such as strong winds laden with sand or salt may tend to prune away erect branches , thereby creating a prostrate habit in plants that may not be predisposed to prostration .   Prostrate shrubs are used in horticulture as groundcovers and in hanging baskets , and to bind soils and prevent erosion in remedial landscaping . They are also important components of rock gardens . The shrinking size of urban gardens has meant an increase in demand for and desirability of dwarf and prostrate forms of many garden plants . More recently , prostrate shrubs have received attention for their usefulness in planting green roofs and green walls , where they can contribute to environmental conservation .   Prostrate plant forms may arise from deliberate breeding and hybridisation , such as the groundcover grevilleas , including Grevillea `` Poorinda Royal Mantle '' , and G. `` Bronze Rambler '' , or by selection of forms of plants growing in exposed areas . The windswept coastal heathlands and cliffs of far southeastern New South Wales have yielded Banksia ` Roller Coaster ' and Banksia ` Pygmy Possum ' . These are flattened varieties of less than 0.5 m in height of the species Banksia integrifolia and Banksia serrata , respectively , both of which grow to sizeable trees of 10 m ( 30 ft ) or more in height . The origin of others is unclear ; Cootamundra Wattle ( Acacia baileyana ) is a popular and widely used garden plant in Australia , a prostrate form of which is also in cultivation . Its origin is unknown , possibly a chance seedling in cultivation . It itself is a popular garden plant , its cascading horizontal branches good for rockeries . Many species of roses grow as long canes that can spread prostrate on the ground , and some of these have been hybridized to form climbing and rambling roses that can be allowed to grow on the ground without support , as well as varieties known as `` carpet roses '' that are intended to be grown as ground covers . Prostrate juniper , Juniperus communis subsp . alpina is a naturally occurring form of a popular evergreen . Many species of Cotoneaster , such as C. apiculatus , are prostrate ornamentals , as are the closely related Pyracanthas , and the humilis variant of sweetbox , Sarcococca hookeriana var . humilis . Heaths ( Erica carnea and related species ) and heathers ( Calluna vulgaris ) are prostrate shrubs often featured prominently in rock gardens . Wintergreens such as Gaultheria humifusa and Gaultheria procumbens are also prostrate growers . Although , strictly speaking , herbaceous , the North American bunchberry ( Cornus canadensis ) , a member of the dogwood genus , can appear as a prostrate shrub when growing in the garden . Many daphnes , particularly those derived from Daphne odora , are prostrate growers , including forms that are highly fragrant and have variegated leaves , although they are short-lived . Some forms of the culinary herb rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) form prostrate shrubs when grown in Mediterranean climates , although they die back to the ground when grown where winters are colder .

neg: Timber roof truss A timber roof truss is a structural framework of timbers designed to bridge the space above a room and to provide support for a roof . Trusses usually occur at regular intervals , linked by longitudinal timbers such as purlins . The space between each truss is known as a bay .   Timber roof trusses were a medieval development . Earlier roofs had been supported by coupled rafters -- pairs of rafters linked by horizontal beams . But such roofs were structurally weak , and lacking any longitudinal support were prone to racking , a collapse resulting from horizontal movement .

neg: Bridgewire A bridgewire , sometimes spelled as bridge wire , also known as a hot bridge wire ( HBW ) is a relatively thin resistance wire used to set off a pyrotechnic composition serving as pyrotechnic initiator . By passing of electric current it is heated to a high temperature that starts the exothermic chemical reaction of the attached composition . After successful firing , the bridgewire melts , resulting in an open circuit .   Usually a thin nichrome wire is used . Some applications also use platinum-silver alloy ; other bridgewire materials in use are platinum , gold , silver , tungsten , etc. . Care has to be taken when selecting the material as it is in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition and should not undergo corrosion in such conditions . Another material , able to actively release chemical energy , is Pyrofuze , aluminium wire clad with palladium ; when being heated it undergoes strongly exothermic reaction as the molten metals form an alloy . A variant with the same function consists of laminated thin alternate layers of aluminium and nickel . Carbon bridge is a thin spot of colloidal graphite used as the bridgewire . Some variants use a conductive pyrotechnic composition as the resistive material . In amateur rocketry , grossly overloaded low wattage metal film resistors and 0805 Surface-mount technology resistors are also used .   A shallow notch cut into the center of the bridgewire promotes gross localized overheating instead of homogeneous heating of the entire bridgewire . This may improve the bridgewire performance in some applications .   Bridgewires are used in diverse applications ; to trigger detonators , electric matches , squibs , electric blasting caps , pyrotechnic fasteners , and more . Bridgewires dipped in a suitable pyrotechnic composition ( pyrogen ) are known as electric matches . Pyrogens with content of magnesium allow reaching very high combustion temperatures .   Devices using bridgewires , whether for initiating an explosion ( `` electroexplosive '' ) or for nonexplosive purposes , are called bridge wire actuated devices ( BWAD ) .   Bridgewires , especially connected to longer cables , may be susceptible to initiation by currents induced by external electromagnetic fields .   By passing an extremely high amount of electric current through the bridgewire , it gets rapidly vaporized , causing a small explosion . This is exploited in exploding-bridgewire detonators ( EBWs ) , used for very safe and highly precise initiation of explosives , e.g. in nuclear weapons .

neg: Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural) Penetrants , or penetrating items , are the mechanical , electrical or structural items that pass through an opening in a wall or floor , such as pipes , electrical conduits , ducting , cables and cable trays , or structural steel beams and columns . When these items pierce a wall or floor assembly , they create a space between the penetrant and the surrounding structure , which can become an avenue for the spread of fire between rooms or floors . Modern building codes generally require a service penetration firestop to seal the openings around penetrants ( or `` services '' ) , in order to restore the fire-resistance rating of the parent assembly .   Sizing of all openings has significant impact upon the adherence to the certification listing requirements . Therefore , communication between all affected trades is of great importance before any openings are made , to ensure proper sizing of the openings for cost control and conformance with listing and approval use and compliance .   Penetrants are typically accommodated by plumbers and electricians , who prepare for them by installing sleeves in concrete walls and floors , before they are poured . In the case of masonry walls , electricians and plumbers tend to be there first and hang sleeves around their piping , ductwork and conduit , where they know from their drawings that block walls will be erected , in order to avoid the time and expense of having to cut openings in existing walls and floors .   In the case of drywall assemblies , the opening size is determined by the drywall contractor , unless the mechanical and electrical trades are contractually obliged to provide sleeving here as well , with proper fastening methods that are in conformance with the certification listing . It is not uncommon for these trades to attempt to absolve themselves of the requirement to firestop their openings in the drywall assemblies by claiming that they were there first , meaning that others should take care of the rest . Since drywall contractors are not ordinarily required to do mechanical and electrical firestopping , the drywall openings can become an item of dispute or neglect , particularly in North American construction . This common issue can be minimised by designating a separate firestopping sub-contract , whereby a separate speciality sub-contractor firestops all openings on site , mechanical , electrical and structural , as well as the building joints .   Timber floor openings are simply cut by means of a chainsaw . In this case , the width of the blade will determine sizes .   Category : Passive fire protection  Category : Building engineering  Category : Firestops

neg: Wood fibre Wood fibres ( also spelled wood fibers , see spelling differences ) are usually cellulosic elements that are extracted from trees and used to make materials including paper .   The end paper product ( paper , paperboard , tissue , cardboard , etc. ) dictates the species , or species blend , that is best suited to provide the desirable sheet characteristics , and also dictates the required fibre processing ( chemical treatment , heat treatment , mechanical `` brushing '' or refining , etc. ) .   In North America , virgin ( non-recycled ) wood fibre is primarily extracted from hardwood ( deciduous ) trees and softwood ( coniferous ) trees . The wood fibre can be extracted as a primary product , or collected during the milling of lumber . Wood fibres can also be recycled from used paper materials .

neg: Wood (song) `` Wood '' is a song by English post-trip hop band Second Person , which will be on the band 's second album : `` The Elements '' - the follow-up to their debut album `` Chromatography '' . Released on 9 August 2007 , this song has a music video created by a collaboration of artists , animators and the band . This video is the first chapter in a story spanning five videos that make up a short animated film also called `` The Elements '' . These video along with the album were created for `` believers '' in the band on Sellaband.com who helped the band raise $ 50,000 to record their album . These videos and songs can be download from their site .


query: Zinedine Zidane attacked Marco Materazzi's chest with the front of his head.

pos: Zinedine Zidane Zinedine Yazid Zidane ( -LSB- zinedin zidan -RSB- , born 23 June 1972 ) , nicknamed `` Zizou '' , is a retired French footballer and current manager of Real Madrid . He played as an attacking midfielder for the France national team , Cannes , Bordeaux , Juventus and Real Madrid . An elite playmaker , renowned for his elegance , vision , ball control and technique , Zidane was named the best European footballer of the past 50 years in the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll . He is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time .   At club level , Zidane won the La Liga title and the UEFA Champions League with Real Madrid , two Serie A league championships with Juventus and an Intercontinental Cup and a UEFA Super Cup each with both aforementioned teams . His 2001 transfer from Juventus to Real Madrid set a world record fee of an equivalent $ 75 million . His left-foot volleyed winner in the 2002 UEFA Champions League Final is considered to be one of the greatest goals in the competition 's history . On the international stage with France , Zidane won the 1998 FIFA World Cup , scoring twice in the final , and UEFA Euro 2000 where he was named Player of the Tournament . The World Cup triumph made him a national hero in France , and he received the Légion d'honneur in 1998 .   Zidane was named the FIFA World Player of the Year three times , in 1998 , 2000 and 2003 , and won the 1998 Ballon d'Or . He was Ligue 1 Player of the Year in 1996 , Serie A Footballer of the Year in 2001 and La Liga Best Foreign Player in 2002 . In 2004 , he was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the world 's greatest living players compiled by Pelé . Zidane received the Golden Ball for player of the tournament at the 2006 World Cup , despite his infamous sending off in the final against Italy for headbutting Marco Materazzi in the chest . Prior to the World Cup , he announced he would retire at the end of the tournament .   After retirement , Zidane became assistant coach at Real Madrid under Carlo Ancelotti for the 2013 -- 14 season . After a successful year in which the club won the UEFA Champions League and Copa del Rey , Zidane became the coach of Real Madrid 's B team , Real Madrid Castilla . In 2010 , Zidane was an ambassador for Qatar 's successful bid to stage the 2022 FIFA World Cup , the first Arab country to host the tournament . Zidane is currently the manager of Real Madrid , taking over the position in January 2016 . In his first season as manager , Zidane won the UEFA Champions League title .

neg: Violence against doctors in China Violence against doctors and other medical practitioners in China has been reported as an increasing problem . National Ministry of Health statistics indicate that the number of violent incidents against hospitals and medical staff increased from about 10,000 in 2005 to more than 17,000 in 2010 . A survey by the Chinese Hospital Association reported an average of 27.3 assaults per hospital per year in 2012 , up from 20.6 assaults per hospital per year in 2006 . In 2012 , an editorial in The Lancet described the situation as a `` crisis '' for the practice of medicine in China .

neg: Clairefontaine (football) Le Centre Technique National Fernand Sastre ( Fernand Sastre National Technical Centre ) , commonly referred to as INF Clairefontaine ( `` Institut national du football de Clairefontaine '' ) , INF , or simply Clairefontaine , is the national football centre that specializes in training French football players . The academy is one of twelve élite academies located in and around France that are supervised by the French Football Federation ( FFF ) . Only the best players from the Île-de-France région train at the Clairefontaine academy . The eleven other academies are situated in Castelmaurou , Châteauroux , Liévin , Dijon , Marseille , Ploufragan , Vichy and Reims , Réunion , Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire , and Talence .   Clairefontaine opened in 1988 and is named after Fernand Sastre , the president of the FFF from 1972 -- 1984 . The academy is located 50 km southwest of Paris at Clairefontaine-en-Yvelines and is one of the best known football academies in the world . It has a high reputation of producing some of the most gifted French players including Nicolas Anelka , Louis Saha , William Gallas , Hatem Ben Arfa , Abou Diaby , Sébastien Bassong , Mehdi Benatia , Blaise Matuidi , Kylian Mbappe , Olivier Giroud and national team top scorer Thierry Henry . The academy is also used to house the national football teams of France and the centre drew media spotlight following its usage as a base camp by the France team that won the 1998 FIFA World Cup .

neg: Zico Arthur Antunes Coimbra ( -LSB- aʁˈtuʁ ɐ̃ˈtũnis koˈĩbɾɐ -RSB- , born 3 March 1953 in Rio de Janeiro ) , better known as Zico ( -LSB- ˈziku -RSB- ) , is a Brazilian coach and former footballer , who played as an attacking midfielder . Often called the `` White Pelé '' , he was a creative playmaker , with excellent technical skills , vision , and en eye for goal , who is considered one of the most clinical finishers and best passers ever , as well as one of the greatest players of all time . Arguably the world 's best player of the late 1970s and early 80s , he is regarded as one of the best playmakers and free kick specialists in history , able to bend the ball in all directions . In 1999 , Zico came eighth in the FIFA Player of the Century grand jury vote , and in 2004 was named in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players . According to Pelé , generally considered the best player ever , `` throughout the years , the one player that came closest to me was Zico '' .   With 48 goals in 71 official appearances for Brazil , Zico is fifth highest goalscorer for his national team . He represented them in the 1978 , 1982 and 1986 World Cups . They did not win any of those tournaments , even though the 1982 squad is considered one of the greatest Brazilian national squads ever . Zico is often considered one of the best players in football history not to have been on a World Cup winning squad . He was chosen 1981 and 1983 Player of the Year .   Zico has coached the Japanese national team , appearing in the 2006 FIFA World Cup and winning the Asian Cup 2004 , and Fenerbahçe , who were a quarter-finalist in 2007 -- 08 in the Champions League under his command . He was announced as the head coach of CSKA Moscow in January 2009 . On 16 September 2009 , Zico was signed by Greek side Olympiacos for a two-year contract after the club 's previous coach , Temuri Ketsbaia , was sacked . He was fired four months later , on 19 January 2010 .

neg: 1995–96 Juventus F.C. season Juventus Football Club finished second in Serie A and regained the European Cup trophy after 11 years , winning the Champions League final against Ajax 4 -- 2 on penalties in Rome . Juventus also won the Supercoppa Italiana in the late summer of 1995 , before going on to finish second in the league . Following the Champions League title , strikers Gianluca Vialli and Fabrizio Ravanelli were sold to Chelsea and Middlesbrough , respectively . The club also dropped Pietro Vierchowod , Paulo Sousa and Massimo Carrera . Instead , Juventus decided to sign playmaker Zinedine Zidane from Bordeaux , along with young striker Christian Vieri , who signed from Atalanta .

neg: Fabio Cannavaro Fabio Cannavaro , Ufficiale OMRI ( -LSB- ˈfaːbjo kannaˈvaːro -RSB- ; born 13 September 1973 ) is an Italian former professional footballer and current manager of Chinese club Tianjin Quanjian .   Cannavaro is considered to be one of the greatest defenders of all time . He spent the majority of his career in Italy . He started his career at Napoli , before spending seven years at Parma , with whom he won two Coppa Italia titles , the 1999 Supercoppa Italiana , and the 1999 UEFA Cup . After spells at Internazionale and Juventus , he transferred along with manager Fabio Capello from Juventus to Real Madrid in 2006 , with whom he won consecutive La Liga titles in 2007 and 2008 . After returning to Juventus for one season in 2009 -- 10 , he joined Al-Ahli in Dubai , where he retired from football in 2011 after an injury-troubled season . After his retirement , he became a member of the coaching staff of Al-Ahli , notably as global ambassador and technical director from 2011 to 2013 , and as an assistant coach from 2013 to 2014 . In November 2014 , he was appointed as head coach of Chinese club Guangzhou Evergrande . On June 9 , 2016 , he signed a contract with second tier Chinese club Tianjin Quanjian as manager .   Cannavaro has also achieved success with the Italian national team . He was part of the Italy team that won consecutive Under-21 European Championships in 1994 and 1996 . After earning his first senior cap in 1997 , he helped his national team to the final of Euro 2000 , being named to the team of the tournament , and eventually became captain in 2002 , following Paolo Maldini 's retirement . Cannavaro led Italy to victory in the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany , and was given the nickname `` Il Muro di Berlino '' ( `` The Berlin Wall '' ) by the Italian supporters due to his defensive performances , which saw Italy keep five clean sheets and concede only two goals , neither of which were in open play ; he was later awarded the Silver Ball after being named the tournament 's second best player . In 2009 , he overtook Maldini as the most capped player in the country 's history . He retired from international football on 25 June 2010 following Italy 's failure to qualify for the knock-out stages of the 2010 World Cup , having amassed 136 caps and scored two goals for the senior national team . In total , he has represented Italy at four FIFA World Cups , two UEFA European Championships , the 1996 Summer Olympics , and the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup . He is currently Italy 's second all-time appearance holder , behind Gianluigi Buffon , and has made the most appearances for Italy as captain ( 79 ) .   He was named the 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year , and won the Ballon d'Or award in 2006 which made him the only defender to win the award in a decade and only the third of all time after Franz Beckenbauer and Matthias Sammer , both of Germany . In 2007 , he was in the six man shortlist for the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . His younger brother Paolo is also a professional footballer , who plays for Italian side Sassuolo .

neg: Ricardinho Ricardo Luis Pozzi Rodrigues ( born 23 May 1976 in São Paulo , Brazil ) , better known as Ricardinho , is a Brazilian football manager and former player . He usually played as a deep-lying playmaker in midfield , and was best known for his accurate passing and technique .

neg: Groundstroke A groundstroke or ground stroke in tennis is a forehand or backhand shot that is executed after the ball bounces once on the court . It is usually hit from the back of the tennis court , around the baseline .   A tennis player whose strategy is to trade groundstrokes with the opponent is termed a baseliner , as opposed to volleyers who prefers to hit volleys near the net .   There are many factors that may define a good groundstroke . For example , one groundstroke may use topspin and another backspin . Both can be effective for different reasons having to do with depth , opponent 's strength or weaknesses , etc. . Some characteristics of groundstrokes are : depth ( how close the ball lands to the opponent 's baseline ) , speed ( how fast it travels in the air ) , pace ( the ball 's behavior after it bounces on the opponent 's side ) , trajectory , and placement . If a `` good groundstroke '' is to be played , it would generally have a combination of the above characteristics to produce a shot that is difficult for the opponent to return . Generally , a groundstroke that lands deep and in the corner of the opponent 's court will make it more difficult for the opponent to return the ball . However , this is somewhat arbitrary and depends on the opponent and stage of the point being played . For example , a short angled shot , a moon ball ( very high trajectory ) , an off pace shot , etc. , may prove effective against opponent A but not opponent B.

neg: Gregor Židan Gregor `` Grega '' Židan ( born 5 October 1965 ) is a retired Slovenian football midfielder who also played as a defender .   Židan was capped 19 times for Slovenia between 1993 and 1996 .   He also represented Croatia , playing one friendly match against the USA on 17 October 1990 . The match , however , is not recognized by FIFA as , at the time , Croatia was still a part of SFR Yugoslavia .

neg: Keisuke Honda is a Japanese footballer who plays for Serie A club Milan and the Japan national football team . A versatile player , he usually plays as an attacking midfielder , but he can equally play as a winger or as a deep-lying playmaker , and has frequently featured as a right winger for Milan during the 2014 -- 15 Serie A season . A quick , creative , strong , and energetic player , he is also known for his accuracy from bending free-kicks , powerful striking ability from distance , dribbling skills , and delivery as a dead ball specialist .   He has earned over 60 international caps since 2008 , playing at the 2010 FIFA World Cup , the 2014 FIFA World Cup and winning the 2011 AFC Asian Cup , where he was also voted Player of the Tournament .

neg: Dennis Bergkamp Dennis Nicolaas Maria Bergkamp ( -LSB- ˈdɛnəs ˈbɛrxkɑmp -RSB- ; born 10 May 1969 ) is a former Dutch professional footballer , who is the assistant manager at Ajax . Originally a wide midfielder , Bergkamp was moved to main striker and then to second striker , where he remained throughout his playing career . Bergkamp has been described by Jan Mulder as having `` the finest technique '' of any Dutch international and a `` dream for a striker '' by teammate Thierry Henry .   The son of an electrician , Bergkamp was born in Amsterdam and played as an amateur in the lower leagues . He was spotted by Ajax at age 11 and made his professional debut in 1986 . Good form led to an international call-up a year later , attracting the attention of several European clubs . Bergkamp signed for Italian club Internazionale in 1993 , where he had two disappointing seasons . After joining Arsenal in 1995 , he rejuvenated his career , helping the club to win three Premier League titles , four FA Cup trophies , and reach the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final , which marked his last appearance as a player . With the Netherlands national team , Bergkamp surpassed Faas Wilkes 's record to become the country 's top goalscorer of all time in 1998 , a record later eclipsed by Patrick Kluivert , Robin van Persie and Klaas-Jan Huntelaar .   Widely regarded as one of the greatest players in his generation , Bergkamp finished third twice in the FIFA World Player of the Year award and was selected by Pelé as one of the FIFA 100 greatest living players . In 2007 , he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame , the first and so far only Dutch player ever to receive such honour . Due to his fear of flying , Bergkamp has been affectionately nicknamed the `` Non-Flying Dutchman '' by Arsenal supporters .

neg: Elseid Hysaj Elseid Gëzim Hysaj ( -LSB- elseˌid ˈhysaj -RSB- ; born 2 February 1994 ) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Italian club Napoli and the Albania national team .   He is an attack minded full back whose natural position is at right back , but is also comfortable playing at left back . He is an attacking fullback who is good at tracking back when faced with being caught out of position , as well as possessing good vision in order to pick out crosses as well as long range passes .   Hysaj was born in Albania and started youth career with KF Shkodra , a local team of Shkodër city , but joined his father in Italy at the age of 14 , where he joined Empoli 's youth setup in 2009 , before going on to make his debut for the club in 2011 in the Coppa Italia . He made his league debut the following season in Serie B , and he quickly became the club 's starting right back under the guidance of head coach Maurizio Sarri , making 34 league appearances during the 2012 -- 13 campaign before going on to secure promotion with Empoli the following season . During his debut season in Serie A he had an impressive campaign , where he featured in 36 league games as his side comfortably avoided relegation . At the end of the season Sarri left as head coach and joined Napoli , where Hysaj soon followed in a $ 6million move , making it the second most expensive move involving an Albanian international behind of Lorik Cana which currently holds the record with a $ 6,75 million move from Galatasaray to Lazio in July 2011 .

neg: Božo Janković Božo `` Boško '' Janković ( Serbian Cyrillic : Божo '' Бошko '' Јанковић ; May 22 , 1951 in Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina , FPR Yugoslavia -- October 1 , 1993 in Kotor , Montenegro , FR Yugoslavia ) was a Bosnian and Yugoslav football player .   Sometimes also referred to by another nickname Boško , Janković grew up in Sarajevo where he began playing football in FK Željezničar youth system . He signed a professional contract at the age of 17 after passing through every age level at the club , making his First League debut during 1968 -- 69 season . He was the Yugoslav First League joint topscorer in 1970 -- 71 season alongside Hajduk 's Petar Nadoveza . Particularly notable during this season was Janković 's performance in an away league match versus Red Star Belgrade at Marakana when he scored 4 goals - the game ended 4 -- 1 for Željezničar . Janković also played for Yugoslav national team .   He spent 11 seasons with FK Željezničar ( 256 league matches , 96 goals ) before leaving to join English side Middlesbrough FC in February 1979 . He played 42 games in two and a half seasons spent there . He scored 16 goals and he was a club topscorer in 1980 -- 81 season with 12 goals . At the end of the season , he surprised everyone as he decided to end his playing career and start a new one as a lawyer . However , he postponed that decision and signed a contract with FC Metz . This excellent finisher ended his career there .   He had returned to Sarajevo where he eventually started his law practice . He was also a member of FK Željezničar board . He left the city after the start of War in Bosnia and Herzegovina . In October 1993 he died in Kotor of natural causes at the age of 42 .

neg: Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer) Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima ( -LSB- ʁoˈnawðu ˈlwiʒ nɐˈzaɾju dʒ ˈɫĩmɐ -RSB- ; born 18 September 1976 ) , commonly known as Ronaldo , is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a striker . Popularly dubbed `` The Phenomenon , '' he is widely considered to be one of the greatest football players of all time . A three-time FIFA World Player of the Year and two-time Ballon d'Or recipient , Ronaldo , in his 1990s prime , was known for his dribbling at speed , feints and clinical finishing . He was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the greatest living players compiled in 2004 , and was inducted into the Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame and the Italian Football Hall of Fame .   Ronaldo played for Brazil in 98 matches , scoring 62 goals , and is the second-highest goalscorer for his national team , trailing only Pelé . At age 17 , Ronaldo was the youngest member of the Brazilian squad that won the 1994 FIFA World Cup . At the 1998 World Cup , he received the Golden Ball for player of the tournament in helping Brazil reach the final where he suffered a convulsive fit hours before the defeat to France . He won a second World Cup in 2002 where he starred in a front three with Ronaldinho and Rivaldo . Ronaldo scored twice in the final , and received the Golden Boot as tournament 's top goalscorer . During the 2006 FIFA World Cup , Ronaldo scored his 15th World Cup goal , which was a World Cup record at the time .   At his physical peak in the 1990s , Ronaldo starred at club level for Cruzeiro , PSV , Barcelona and Inter Milan . His moves to Spain and Italy made him only the second player , after Diego Maradona , to break the world transfer record twice , all before his 21st birthday . At age 23 , he had scored over 200 goals for club and country . After almost three years of inactivity due to serious knee injuries and recuperation , Ronaldo joined Real Madrid in 2002 , which was followed by spells at A.C. Milan and Corinthians . Having suffered further injuries , Ronaldo retired from professional football in 2011 . Post-retirement , he has continued his work as a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador , a position to which he was appointed in 2000 . He served as an ambassador for the 2014 FIFA World Cup .

neg: Ignazio Abate Ignazio Abate ( -LSB- iɲˈɲattsjo aˈbate -RSB- ; born 12 November 1986 ) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a full-back for Milan in Serie A . A former winger , he is also capable of playing as a wide midfielder and as a wing-back ; he is renowned for his stamina , quick sprints , and ability to making attacking runs down the right wing , and is one of the fastest players in the top leagues of European football .   Abate started playing football with amateur club Rescaldina , before joining Milan 's youth system in 1999 . From 2004 to 2009 he spent five years on various loan spells with several Italian clubs , before going back to Milan . He played an important role in helping Milan win their 18th Scudetto during the 2010 -- 11 Serie A season .   Abate has represented the Italian national team and the Italian U21 national team , and also played for the Italian U19 national team and the Italian U20 national team . Prior to starring for the senior team , he represented his country in the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2009 European U-21 Championship . He made his senior international debut in November 2011 , in a friendly match against Poland , and has since then represented the country in UEFA Euro 2012 , winning a runners-up medal , at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , winning a bronze medal , and at the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Nearly two years after his debut , Abate scored his first international goal against Germany in November 2013 .

neg: 2010–11 La Liga The 2010 -- 11 La Liga season ( known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons ) was the 80th since its establishment . The campaign began on 28 August 2010 and ended on 21 May 2011 . A total of 20 teams contested the league , 17 of which already contested in the 2009 -- 10 season and three of which were promoted from the Segunda División . In addition , a new match ball -- the Nike Total 90 Tracer -- served as the official ball for all matches .   Defending champions Barcelona secured their third-consecutive and 21st La Liga title after a 1 -- 1 tie with Levante on 11 May 2011 . The result gave Barcelona a 6-point lead with two matches remaining which , combined with their better head-to-head record with Real Madrid , ensured that they finished top of the table . Barcelona led the table since defeating Madrid 5 -- 0 on 23 November 2010 . Since then , they lost only one match en route to winning the title . It was the third straight title for Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola . Lionel Messi won the LFP Award for Best Player , which marked his third consecutive win .   The season was again dominated by Barcelona and Real Madrid , with second-place Madrid 21 points ahead of third-place Valencia . Having encountered each other in the Champions League semifinals and the Copa del Rey final , the top two teams met 4 times in 17 days , for a total of 5 times this season .   The most significant managerial change prior to the start of the season was two-time Champions League-winning José Mourinho taking over at Real Madrid .

neg: Márcio Amoroso Márcio Amoroso dos Santos ( born 5 July 1974 in Brasília ) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward or on occasion as an attacking midfielder . He played for several teams in Japan , Italy , Germany , Spain and Greece , while also representing Brazil at international level , winning the 1999 Copa América . In his prime , he was a very talented striker with great dribbling skills and goalscoring ability , who was also capable of creating chances for team-mates .

neg: 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year The 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year prize was awarded to the Italian Fabio Cannavaro for the first time . He finished ahead of the retired Midfielder Zinédine Zidane , who won the Golden Ball at the World Cup and the winner of the last FIFA World Player of the Year Ronaldinho in the final round of voting .   The female FIFA soccer player of the year was Marta .

neg: Helmets for Peace Helmets for Peace is a work of art by Batuz , consisting of military helmets and attached to them shields made of dyed paper pulp , straw and various other materials . The work of art aims to raise awareness among people about the important role of the peacekeeping missions of the United Nations .   General Hans-Peter von Kirchbach ( former General Inspector of the Bundeswehr ) inspired Batuz to create a permanent installation from the helmets and the attached to them shields , which should turn into a symbol of peace to be followed by many armies around the world . In the summer of 2007 Batuz finished assembling the first installation of the work which was called `` Helmets for Peace '' . It was exhibited in an abandoned hall in Chemnitz . The work included 167 helmets and was 5,50 meter high and 11,30 meter wide .   The shields , which were used as vital parts of the artwork `` Helmets for Peace '' , have been painted five years earlier by dozens of international artists in another project -- the `` border crossing '' at the Neisse River at the border between Germany and Poland in 2002 , in which the Bundeswehr played a significant role .   In 2012 `` Helmets for Peace '' was vandalized and a few weeks later disassembled and stored away .   With the support of General Hans-Peter von Kirchbach and Minister Christian Schmidt ( at that time Parliamentary State Secretary in the German Federal Ministry of Defence ) `` Helmets for Peace '' found a new home in the Militärhistorisches Museum der Bundeswehr . The exhibition opening took place on March 2 , 2015 .   Prof. Dr. Dieter Ronte acknowledges the importance of `` Helmets for Peace '' , drawing similarities to Picasso 's artwork Guernica .

neg: 2005 FA Community Shield The 2005 FA Community Shield was the 83rd staging of the FA Community Shield , an annual football match contested by the reigning champions of the Premier League and the holders of the FA Cup . It was held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff on 7 August 2005 . The game was played between Chelsea , champions of the 2004 -- 05 Premier League and Arsenal , who beat Manchester United on penalties to win the 2005 FA Cup Final . Chelsea won the match 2 -- 1 in front of a crowd of 58,014 .   This was Chelsea 's fifth Community Shield appearance to Arsenal 's 19th . Relations between the two clubs were hostile before the match , given Chelsea 's illicit attempts to sign Arsenal defender Ashley Cole . In the game Chelsea took the lead when striker Didier Drogba scored in the eighth minute . He scored again in the second half , before Cesc Fàbregas replied for Arsenal with a goal in the 64th minute . José Mourinho praised Chelsea in his post-match interview and felt the team looked comfortable in defence . Opposing manager Arsène Wenger admitted Drogba had presented problems for Arsenal and likened his opponents to a long ball team , who on the day played `` very direct '' .

neg: Marco Pecorari Marco Pecorari ( born 21 September 1977 ) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender .


query: Jay Sekulow was born in 1945.

pos: Jay Sekulow Jay Alan Sekulow ( born June 10 , 1956 ) is an American attorney and Chief Counsel for the American Center for Law & Justice ( ACLJ ) . He also hosts a talk show , which airs on radio and television . Sekulow is a frequent guest commentator on the Christian Broadcasting Network and the Fox News Channel .

neg: Jay Jordan Robert L. `` Jay '' Jordan ( born 1943 ) is an American business executive who most recently served as president and executive officer of OCLC , an international computer library network and conglomerate of databases and webservices representing more than 70,000 libraries . He served as president of OCLC from 1998 to his retirement in June 2013 .

neg: Congress for Jewish Culture The Congress for Jewish Culture ( also known as the World Congress for Jewish Culture or , in Yiddish , der Alveltlekher Yidisher Kultur-kongres ) is a secular organization founded in 1948 to promote Yiddish culture throughout the world . Individuals active in the founding of the organization included Yiddish writers and intellectuals such as Shmuel Niger , Chaim Grade , Avrom Reyzen , Shmerke Kaczerginski , and Pinkhos Schwartz . At its founding , the society had offices in New York City , Buenos Aires and Paris . Today , only the New York office remains active .   Since 1953 the Congress has published Die Zukunft ( The Future , founded in 1892 ) , the world 's oldest Yiddish journal still in publication . It has also been an important publisher of Yiddish reference works and monographs , including the 8-volume `` Biographical Dictionary of Modern Yiddish Literature '' ( co-edited by Shmuel Niger and Jacob Shatzky ) and a supplemental work , the `` Biographical Dictionary of Yiddish Writers in the Soviet Union '' .   The Congress also conducts yearly memorials in New York City in memory of the Warsaw ghetto uprising of April 19 , 1943 and in memory of the Soviet Yiddish writers murdered on August 12 , 1952 ( also known as the Night of the Murdered Poets ) .

neg: Jay E. Jensen Jay Edwin Jensen ( born February 5 , 1942 ) has been a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) since 1992 . He served as a member of the church 's Presidency of the Seventy from 2008 to 2012 . Jensen was designated an emeritus general authority in the October 2012 general conference .

neg: Silverplate Silverplate was the code reference for the United States Army Air Forces ' participation in the Manhattan Project during World War II . Originally the name for the aircraft modification project which enabled a B-29 Superfortress bomber to drop an atomic weapon , `` Silverplate '' eventually came to identify the training and operational aspects of the program as well . The original directive for the project had as its subject line `` Silver Plated Project '' but continued usage of the term shortened it to `` Silverplate '' .   Testing began with scale models at the Naval Proving Ground in Dahlgren , Virginia , in August 1943 . Modifications began on a prototype Silverplate B-29 known as the `` Pullman '' in November 1943 , and it was used for bomb flight testing at Muroc Army Air Field in California commencing in March 1944 . The testing resulted in further modifications to both the bombs and the aircraft .   Seventeen production Silverplate aircraft were ordered in August 1944 to allow the 509th Composite Group to train with the type of aircraft they would have to fly in combat , and for the 216th Army Air Forces Base Unit to test bomb configurations . These were followed by 28 more aircraft that were ordered in February 1945 for operational use by the 509th Composite Group . This batch included the aircraft which were used in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 . Including the Pullman B-29 , a total of 46 Silverplate B-29s were produced during and after World War II . An additional 19 Silverplate B-29s were ordered in July 1945 , which were delivered between the end of the war and the end of 1947 . Thus , a total of 65 Silverplate B-29s were made .   The use of the Silverplate codename was discontinued after the war , but modifications continued under a new codename , Saddletree . Another 80 aircraft were modified under this program . The last group of B-29s was modified in 1953 , but never saw further service .

neg: Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort .   The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage .   Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence .   As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive .   One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . ''   The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .

neg: Shadows of Death Shadows of Death is a 1945 American western film directed by Sam Newfield .

neg: David Selby David Lynn Selby ( born February 5 , 1941 ) is an American film , television and stage actor . He is most well known for playing Quentin Collins in the daytime soap opera Dark Shadows ( 1969 -- 71 ) , and Richard Channing in the prime-time soap opera Falcon Crest ( 1982 -- 90 ) . Selby has also had prominent roles in the television show Flamingo Road ( 1981 -- 82 ) , and the feature film Raise the Titanic ( 1980 ) . Also a published writer , Selby has written several books including novels , memoirs , and collections of poetry .

neg: A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge .   The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman .   Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks .   The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .

neg: Barry Manilow Live Barry Manilow Live is the fifth album by the singer-songwriter Barry Manilow . The album was released in 1977 , and it scored quadruple platinum .   Manilow also was among 1977 Special Tony Award winners Lily Tomlin , Diana Ross , National Theatre For the Deaf and Equity Library Theatre honored with the award that year . He received it for Barry Manilow on Broadway , his 12-day stay at the Uris Theatre from December 21 , 1976 to January 2 , 1977 , where this live album was recorded .   The album is known for giving the first commercial release to Manilow 's VSM ( `` Very Strange Medley '' ) . Before the performance Manilow refers to this as a medley of songs that he included in his act against the values of his `` artsy fartsy friends '' . It is a medley of commercial jingles Manilow was involved with , either as a writer or performer , before he became a chart star . The products/companies these promoted include Kentucky Fried Chicken , State Farm , Stridex , Band-Aid , Bowlene , Dr. Pepper , Pepsi and McDonald 's .   When first released on compact disc , dialogue and all movements to `` Beautiful Music '' were omitted for it all to fit on one disc , however the 2006 compact disc re-release restores all dialogue and songs , in addition to reordering the track listing to accommodate for the added bonus tracks .

neg: Lazlow Jones Jeffrey Crawford `` Lazlow '' Jones ( born September 4 , 1973 ) is an American writer , producer , director and talk show host based in New York City . He was the host of Technofile , a radio show syndicated on more than 100 radio stations in America and as well as Sirius XM Satellite Radio . The Technofile ran from February 1995 to July 2007 .   He has also been involved in writing , producing , and doing voicework ( as a version of himself ) for the Grand Theft Auto ( GTA ) series of video games , widening his influence and recognition far beyond that of a radio host . Lazlow also worked at an advertising agency as a writer and producer , along with writer Reed Tucker ( who is now his talk radio show 's producer ) on advertisements for a variety of consumer products .

neg: Jim Fouratt Jim Fouratt ( 23 June 1945 ? - ) is active in the entertainment industry and gay rights .

neg: Hawk Koch Howard Winchel `` Hawk '' Koch , Jr. ( born December 14 , 1945 ) is an American film producer and a former road manager for the musical groups The Supremes and The Dave Clark Five .

neg: The Lady Confesses The Lady Confesses is a 1945 American film noir directed by Sam Newfield .

neg: Jay Nordlinger Jay Nordlinger is an American journalist . He is a senior editor of National Review , the conservative magazine founded by William F. Buckley , Jr. , in 1955 , and a book fellow of the National Review Institute . He also writes a column , `` Impromptus , '' for the magazine 's website . He is also the music critic for The New Criterion .   He covers a wide variety of topics , including politics and foreign policy , and has written a great deal about human rights .   Since 2002 , he has hosted a series of public interviews at the Salzburg Festival . With Mona Charen , he hosts the Need to Know podcast , and he also hosts a podcast called `` Q&A . '' In 2011 , he filmed The Human Parade , with Jay Nordlinger , a TV series bringing hour-long interviews with various personalities .   Nordlingr is music critic for The Conservative . In the 1990s , Nordlinger worked for The Weekly Standard magazine . In the 2000s , he was music critic for the New York Sun .   In the last month and a half of the campaign for the 2000 presidential election , Nordlinger took a leave of absence from National Review to assist the speechwriting team of George W. Bush .   Nordlinger lives in New York City but grew up in Ann Arbor , Michigan . He often refers to his left-leaning hometown in political columns .

neg: The Critic The Critic is an American prime time animated series revolving around the life of New York film critic Jay Sherman , voiced by actor Jon Lovitz . It was created by writing partners Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously worked as writers and showrunners ( seasons 3 and 4 ) on The Simpsons . The Critic had 23 episodes produced , first broadcast on ABC in 1994 , and finishing its original run on Fox in 1995 . According to PopMatters , `` the creators -LSB- said -RSB- they intended the series as their ` love letter to New York . ' ''   Episodes featured movie parodies with notable examples including a musical version of Apocalypse Now , Howard Stern 's End ( Howards End ) , Honey , I Ate the Kids ( Honey , I Shrunk the Kids/The Silence of the Lambs ) , The Cockroach King ( The Lion King ) , Abe Lincoln : Pet Detective ( Ace Ventura : Pet Detective ) , Scent of a Jackass and Scent of a Wolfman ( Scent of a Woman ) . The show often referenced popular movies such as Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory and The Godfather , and routinely lampooned actor Marlon Brando and actor/director Orson Welles . They also spoofed Dudley Moore , usually as his character Arthur Bach from the 1981 film Arthur .   Despite the ratings improving , The Critic was cancelled after two seasons . It continued to air through reruns on Comedy Central and then on Locomotion . From February 1 , 2000 to 2001 , ten webisodes were later produced using Adobe Shockwave , and were broadcast on AtomFilms.com and Shockwave.com . In 2004 , the DVD box set was released , which includes all 23 TV episodes ( in their original production order ) and the webisodes .   In the late 2000s , reruns of the show aired again on ReelzChannel in the US and on Teletoon 's programming block Teletoon at Night in Canada . As of 2016 , the first season can be viewed for free on Crackle .

neg: Back to Bataan Back to Bataan is a 1945 World War II war film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring John Wayne and Anthony Quinn . It depicts events ( some fictionalized and some actual ) that took place after the Battle of Bataan ( 1941 -- 42 ) on the island of Luzon in the Philippines . The working title of the film was The Invisible Army .

neg: Isaac Selby Isaac Selby ( 3 November 1859 -- 26 March 1956 ) was an Australian lecturer , historian and anti-Catholic campaigner .   He was born at Greenwich in England to joiner Isaac Selby and Isabella Gilhome . The family migrated to New Zealand in 1868 and young Isaac was educated at Dunedin , where he was a diligent and enthusiastic student . He moved to Melbourne in 1882 and settled there after a brief return to Dunedin . On 28 October 1885 he married Jessie Beatrice Chapman at Auckland ; they had three children . In Melbourne Selby worked as a lecturer and debater , supporting Unitarianism and teetotalism and denouncing Catholicism and the Jesuits .   He moved to San Francisco in the 1890s and joined the Unitarian Church there . His wife refused to accompany him back to Australia in 1901 and she sued for divorce ; during their divorce case , he shot at but missed Judge James C. Hebbard when he ruled in her favour . He named a Donald McRae as a third party in the case .   He ran for the House of Representatives seat of Northern Melbourne in the 1901 federal election against H. B. Higgins , blaming `` the sinister hand of Rome '' for his defeat .   Selby returned to San Francisco in 1904 and became involved in an acrimonious divorce with his wife , who eventually won the case as well as custody of their children . Selby entered the court of the ruling judge , James Hebbard , on 28 November of that year and fired a revolver at him ; although the bullet missed , he was sentenced to seven years in gaol and only released in 1910 on the condition that he return to Australia immediately . Selby resumed his lecturing and debating , which he continued until the 1950s . He joined the Royal Historical Society of Victoria in 1920 and in 1924 published The Old Pioneers ' Memorial History of Melbourne . He published a two-volume work containing Hinemoa , a pantomime , and Memories of Maoriland , a history , in 1925 , and The Old Pioneers Memorial Almanac in 1935 . He also served a period as minister of the Church of Christ at Carlton . Selby died at Parkville in 1956 .

neg: Big Timers Big Timers is a 1945 American musical comedy race film directed by Bud Pollard .

neg: Lester Sill Lester Sill ( January 13 , 1918 -- October 31 , 1994 ) was an American record label executive , best remembered as Phil Spector 's partner in Philles Records ( the name came from the first parts of their names , Phil and Les ) , and also as the head of both Colpix Records and the later Colgems Records . His three sons are music supervisors in the film and TV businesses : Joel Sill , Greg Sill and Lonnie Sill . His stepson Chuck Kaye is a longtime music publishing executive .   Sill was an omnipresent force in the development of West Coast R&B and rock & roll , shepherding the fledgling career of the influential songwriting team of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller before teaming with the legendary producer Phil Spector to found Philles Records , the premier U.S. pop label of the early '60s . Born January 13 , 1918 , in Los Angeles , Sill first entered show business as a nightclub owner , but in 1945 joined the sales and promotion staff of the Bihari brothers ' Modern Records , later producing sessions for R&B acts including Charles Brown and Hadda Brooks . In 1950 Sill met Leiber in the L.A. record shop where the aspiring lyricist worked as a retail clerk and suggested he find a partner who could read and write music , spurring the beginning of Leiber 's collaboration with Mike Stoller . Sill also produced the 1951 Jimmy Witherspoon effort `` Real Ugly Woman , '' the first recorded Leiber and Stoller collaboration . That same year Sill and Federal Records producer/talent scout Ralph Bass formed a PR agency , Brisk Enterprises , and following the success of the duo 's Big Mama Thornton hit `` Hound Dog '' , he teamed with Leiber and Stoller in late 1953 to create Spark Records as well as their own publishing firm , Quintet Music , Inc. .   Spark enjoyed immediate success with The Robins ' R&B smash `` Riot in Cell Block # 9 '' . The group 's follow-up , `` Smokey Joe 's Café , '' proved an even bigger hit , in fact too big for the small label to handle . So in 1955 Spark sold its catalog to Atlantic Records , which in turn named Sill its national sales manager while giving Leiber and Stoller an independent production deal . While the deal prompted the breakup of The Robins , members Carl Gardner and Bobby Nunn continued on as The Coasters , with Sill serving as their manager . The Coasters would emerge as one of the most popular R&B acts of the late '50s , generating a series of wry Leiber and Stoller-penned hits including `` Down in Mexico '' , `` Yakety Yak '' , and `` Charlie Brown '' ; Sill also enjoyed chart success teaming with producer-songwriter Lee Hazlewood on 1958 's `` Rebel Rouser '' , the most notable of the 15 Top 40 instrumentals headlined by the renowned guitarist Duane Eddy and issued on the Dick Clark-owned Jamie label . In late 1959 , Sill and Hazlewood formed Trey Records , a Hollywood-based imprint distributed by Atlantic . The label 's signings included 18-year-old wunderkind Phil Spector , then fresh off the success of his group The Teddy Bears ' chart-topping pop classic `` To Know Him Is to Love Him . '' Spector produced several Trey sides . None were hits , but Kell Osborne 's 1960 release `` The Bells of St. Mary 's '' bears all the dramatic hallmarks that would later define his trademark Wall of Sound aesthetic .   At the end of 1961 , Sill and Hazlewood shut down Trey but quickly formed a new label , Gregmark , as a vehicle for The Paris Sisters , an Andrews Sisters-inspired sibling vocal trio with a series of little-heard Decca singles under its belt . Sill insisted on a top-to-bottom overhaul of their approach , prompting Spector to relegate Albeth and Sherrell Paris to the background while turning the spotlight on youngest sibling Priscilla , insisting she dial back her powerful voice to a dusky whisper . While the Paris Sisters ' Gregmark debut `` Be My Boy '' earned little notice , the follow-up , `` I Love How You Love Me , '' cracked the U.S. Top Five , galvanized by Priscilla 's intimate lead turn and Spector 's atypically restrained production . Spector then began work on a Paris Sisters LP , but as production costs began to skyrocket , Sill attempted to exert control of the project . Their skirmish ended disastrously when , according to Sill , one of his assistants accidentally discarded the master tapes , although rumors persist of a far more nefarious outcome . At the same time Sill 's partnership with the tempestuous Hazlewood collapsed , and despite their differences , in late 1961 Sill and Spector inaugurated their own label , Philles , immediately reaching the Top 20 with the company 's debut release , The Crystals ' `` There 's No Other ( Like My Baby ) . '' Its 1962 follow-up , `` Uptown , '' was Spector 's first true tour de force , capturing the Wall of Sound in full gallop .   By mid-1962 Philles was the most successful independent label in the U.S. , scoring a series of Spector-produced classics including the Crystals ' `` He 's a Rebel '' and `` Then He Kissed Me , '' Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans ' `` Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah '' and The Ronettes ' `` Be My Baby . '' But as Spector 's fame and renown grew , so did his notorious ego , and as he exerted more and more of his mercurial will over Philles ' business dealings , his relationship with Sill disintegrated . Spector eventually forced his mentor out of the company altogether , buying out Sill for a paltry $ 60,000 ( reportedly never even paid ) and decisively terminating their partnership with the never-released Crystals recording '' ( Let 's Dance ) The Screw . '' After over a year in seclusion , in 1964 Sill resurfaced as a consultant to Screen Gems-Columbia Music president Don Kirshner . Although the position was temporary , he ended up staying with the company for over two decades , eventually taking over Kirshner 's position . In 1985 Sill was named president and CEO of Jobete Music , the publishing arm of Berry Gordy , Jr. 's Motown empire . He remained with Jobete until his death in Los Angeles on October 31 , 1994 .

neg: John Jay Award The John Jay Award is presented annually by Columbia College of Columbia University to its alumni for distinguished professional achievement . It is named for Founding Father of the United States John Jay , Columbia College Class of 1764 . Previous recipients include many well-known professionals in a wide variety of fields .