query: Grace VanderWaal won the NBC TV competition show America's Got Talent.

pos: Grace VanderWaal Grace Avery VanderWaal ( born January 15 , 2004 ) is an American singer-songwriter from Suffern , New York . In September 2016 , at age 12 , she won the eleventh season of the NBC TV competition show America 's Got Talent ( AGT ) . She soon signed a record deal with Columbia Records and released her first EP , Perfectly Imperfect , in December 2016 . VanderWaal also creates videos of her original songs and covers for YouTube and continues to perform . She won the 2017 Radio Disney Music Award for Best New Artist and is working on a full-length album to be released later in 2017 .

neg: Miss America 1976 Miss America 1976 , the 49th Miss America pageant , was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City , New Jersey on September 6 , 1975 and broadcast on NBC .   The winner , Tawny Godin , representing New York , later became better known as Tawny Little , a television personality in Los Angeles who married actor John Schneider , star of the TV series The Dukes of Hazzard . She was the first woman with the title of Miss New York to take the crown , Bess Myerson having won the 1945 pageant entered as Miss New York City .

neg: Miss America 1944 Miss America 1944 , the 18th Miss America pageant , was held at the Warner Theater in Atlantic City , New Jersey on September 9 , 1944 . Venus Ramey , Miss District of Columbia won the title and also received swimsuit and talent preliminary awards .   One of the five finalists , Betty Jane Rase , who would become known as B. J. Baker , was a backup singer for many top recording artists , and also was one of the wives of actor Mickey Rooney .

neg: Miss USA 2012 Miss USA 2012 , the 61st Miss USA pageant , was held on June 3 , 2012 , at the The AXIS in Las Vegas , Nevada . Alyssa Campanella of California crowned her successor Olivia Culpo of Rhode Island at the end of the event . Culpo represented the USA at Miss Universe 2012 and became the eighth American to win Miss Universe .   Pageant protocol forces Culpo to `` resign '' her Miss USA title in order to be Miss Universe . In this case , the first runner-up , Nana Meriwether , who competed as Miss Maryland USA 2012 , inherited the Miss USA title . Meriwether became the first woman from Maryland to hold the Miss USA title ; the first time a woman from Maryland won Miss USA was in 1957 with Mary Leona Gage who was dethroned shortly after winning .   The 50 states and the District of Columbia competed for the prestigious title . The pageant was televised live on NBC in the U.S.A. . The full preliminary round , as well as highlights from the event , is available over Xbox Live via their YouTube and MSN applications .   For the first time , a question was solicited from Twitter for the final question asked of one of the five finalists . That question picked by the pageant organizers - `` Would you feel it would be fair that a transgender woman wins the Miss USA title over a natural-born woman ? '' - was answered by the winner , Culpo .

neg: Miss America 1953 Miss America 1953 , the 26th Miss America pageant , was held at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City , New Jersey on September 6 , 1952 .   Neva Jane Langley became the first Miss Georgia to win the crown .

neg: American Idol (season 9) The ninth season of American Idol premiered on January 12 , 2010 and concluded on May 26 , 2010 on Fox . Simon Cowell , Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel . Ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions . Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21 , 2010 , during the top seven results show . The top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season . Cowell , DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended , although only Cowell 's departure was announced in advance . This was the second season where neither of the final 2 contestants had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale , with the first being the seventh season . This was also the third consecutive season a male contestant had won , the longest streak for either gender . It was the first season since sixth season where a female made it to the finale and was also the first time since seventh season seven that both the finalists released a different song as a debut single .   Lee DeWyze , a folk rocker from Mount Prospect , Illinois won the competition , beating the runner-up Crystal Bowersox .   Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels . The signed artists are Lee DeWyze , Crystal Bowersox , Casey James , Michael Lynche , Siobhan Magnus , Tim Urban , Didi Benami , and Lacey Brown .

neg: America Now TV America Now TV ran on KWHY Channel 22 ( NBC Universal/Telemundo NBC ) in Los Angeles for a little over 3 years in the early 1990s and was translated and broadcast in 27 countries as a result of a distribution deal with Peacock Films . Hollywood up and coming artists , producers , supermodels and celebrities , including Sylvester Stallone , Tom Cruise , Brad Pitt , Jamie Lee Curtis , Kirstie Alley , Spanish superstar Julio Iglesias and Canadian singer Norman Iceberg were all interviewed or made guest appearances on America Now TV . American acting legend and film director Clint Eastwood was honored with an America Now TV Award . Very popular throughout Latin America , the show was created and produced by Fredy Granda . The hosts of America Now TV included Diego Varas and Ana Maria Holly .

neg: Laurie Lea Schaefer Laurel Lea Schaefer ( born May 21,1949 in Bexley , Ohio , U.S. ) was Miss America 1972 . A native of Bexley , Ohio , Schaefer received a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree from Ohio University in June 1971 . Three months later she won the Miss America Pageant .   After Miss America , Laurel effectively parlayed her theatre arts and music degree into an extensive and varied entertainment career . Her training afforded her opportunities as a leading lady to notables such as : Howard Keel , John Davidson , Peter Marshall , Ed Ames , Joe Namath , Giorgio Tozzi , and Gorden MacRae . This reflect such productions as ; `` The Music Man '' , `` The Sound of Music '' , `` Camelot '' , `` South Pacific '' , `` Showboat '' , `` My Fair Lady '' , `` Oklahoma '' , `` Hello Dolly '' , `` Carousel '' , `` The King and I '' , `` Guys and Dolls '' , `` Anything Goes '' , `` Under the Yum-Yum Tree '' , `` Star-Spangled Girl '' , and `` Plaza Suite '' .   Laurel 's television work includes a recurring role on `` Falcon Crest '' and guest starring roles on `` Matlock '' , `` L.A. Law '' , `` Quantum Leap '' , `` Love Boat '' , `` Three 's Company '' , `` Rockford Files '' . She is often recognized for her work in TV commercials and for a short time , she represented Campbell 's soup .   Laurel 's vocal career saw her performing the National Anthem at the Inaugural Concert for President Richard M. Nixon , headlining the Miss America USO Tour to Viet Nam and Thailand , entertaining on cruises with a one-woman show and touring `` Capturing the Heart of Gershwin '' Anniversary Concert where she received critical acclaim for vocal solos ranging from swing to blues to light opera .   For twenty-five years Laurel has worked as a commercial casting director and is owner of Creative Casting Services and is also a well-respected nationwide talent scout . In 1974 Laurel established Schaefer Consultants where she serves as a personal imaging and entertainment career consultant . Laurel is a published author and is highly sought after as a keynote speaker , corporate spokesperson , and infomercial host and media presenter .   Miss Schaefer is the recipient of many awards including The American Academy of Achievement - Gold Plate Award , Outstanding Alumni Award ( Ohio University ) , Tom Dooley Humanitarian Award , New Jersey and Ohio `` Woman of the Year '' Award , Ohio Governor 's Award , Bexley Alumni Association-Significant Achievement Award , President 's Award for Leadership from Zonta International and a listing in Who 's Who .

neg: Got Talent Got Talent is a British talent show television format conceived and owned by Simon Cowell 's SYCOtv company . A pilot was made in the United Kingdom in 2005 , hosted by Paul O'Grady , but after O'Grady 's split with ITV , the series was postponed , resulting in NBC 's America 's Got Talent -- the first full series of the format .   It has spawned spin-offs in over 58 countries ( as of April 2014 ) , in what is now referred to as the ` Got Talent ' format , similar to that described by FremantleMedia of the Idol and The X Factor formats . Unlike those shows , Got Talent showcases several artistic disciplines in addition to singing . In April 2014 , the format was named the world 's most successful reality TV format ever by the Guinness World Records .

neg: All American Girl (2003 TV series) All American Girl is a 2003 reality competition that started with 45 females vying for the title of the same name . In the first episode the field of 45 is cut down to 15 by means of a talent show competition and obstacle course . At the talent show and obstacle course , three coaches ( Geri Halliwell , John Salley , Suzanne de Passe ) decided who the 15 finalists would be . After the 15 finalists were decided , the coaches picked five girls to be on their team for the whole series . During the series , the three teams went through a training camp to train them in a vast array of disciplines that included athletic ability , mental agility , performance in the popular arts and beauty . Each week some of the contestants were cut from the competition until there were only six contestants , followed by another cut down to a final three . The winner was decided by viewer phone voting . The show was hosted by Mitch Mullany .   Jessica Felice , a native of Gahanna , Ohio , won the competition .   The program started on ABC in midseason 2003 , but due to low ratings ( and one episode having been pre-empted the night of the declaration of the Iraq War ) , ended on the cable network ABC Family with marathons and tie-in programming in an attempt to salvage the series .

neg: Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .

neg: America's Got Talent (season 4) The fourth season of America 's Got Talent , an American television reality show talent competition , premiered on the NBC network on June 23 , 2009 . Country singer Kevin Skinner was named the winner on September 16 , 2009 . This season is the first season to be broadcast in high definition .   This season 's host is Nick Cannon , who replaced Jerry Springer . Springer had said that he could not host due to other commitments . David Hasselhoff , Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne returned judges , despite rumors that Osbourne would be leaving the show .   Season four was Hasselhoff 's final season as a judge .   This season started broadcasting live on August 4 , 2009 .

neg: Poplyfe PopLyfe , alternately styled as POPLYFE , is a teen pop band from Oakland , California , that was a contestant on season 6 of America 's Got Talent . They finished in fourth place on the show after performing a medley by Queen in the finals .   The band 's members are Kehlani Parrish , Dylan Wiggins , Jaden Wiggins , and Ali-Khan Lochin . They have featured various musicians and vocalists including Zendaya , Gabby Wilson , Denzel Merrit , Dillon Ingram , Cole Berliner , Jared Anderson , and Chasity Hinson . On America 's Got Talent , their performers ranged in age from 13 to 18 . Both Dylan and Jaden Wiggins are sons of producer D'wayne Wiggins , a member of Tony ! Toni ! Toné ! and Poplyfe 's producer . Lochin is a cousin of the Wiggins brothers . Most of the group 's members are students at Oakland School for the Arts .   PopLyfe toured with Disney 's Shake It Up star Zendaya on her Swag It Out Tour .   PopLyfe member Kehlani Parrish left PopLyfe soon after the end of America 's Got Talent because of several managerial and contractual disputes .

neg: Miss Teen USA 1999 Miss Teen USA 1999 , the 17th Miss Teen USA pageant , was televised live from Shreveport , Louisiana on 24 August 1999 . At the conclusion of the final competition , Ashley Coleman of Delaware was crowned by outgoing queen Vanessa Minnillo of South Carolina .   The pageant was hosted by newcomer Carson Daly with color commentary by Ali Landry and Julie Moran for the second year . Landry held the Miss Louisiana Teen USA 1990 , Miss Louisiana USA 1996 and Miss USA 1996 titles , making the semi-finals at Miss Teen USA 1990 pageant before winning Miss USA 1996 .   During the pageant there were performances by Britney Spears and N'Sync . This was the second year that N'Sync provided entertainment .

neg: Grandma Lee Lee Strong ( born May 29 , 1934 ) , better known by her stage name Grandma Lee , is an American stand-up comedian and was a contestant on the fourth season of America 's Got Talent .

neg: Sunday Best (season 3) Sunday Best is a gospel-singing reality television competition on BET .   The third season of Sunday Best saw the removal of Bebe Winans as a judge amid personal scandal . Winans was replaced by Donnie McClurkin and Erica was replaced by Yolanda Adams . Kim Burrell joined the cast of Sunday Best in Season 3 as the contestant 's mentor . The season began taping in April 2010 and aired from May 2010 to June 20 , 2010 .   The winner of Sunday Best 's third season was Le'Andria Johnson , 27 , crowned over finalist Elder Goldwire McLendon , 79 on June 20 , 2010 . More than 2 million Americans voted in the Sunday Best season 3 finale to crown Johnson the winner . Johnson , a 27-year-old mother of three at the time of her win , was awarded a recording contract and a 2010 Ford SHO .   Le'Andria 's debut album `` The Awakening of Le'Andria Johnson '' debuted on the Billboard Gospel album charts at # 1 , and has maintained the position for 2 weeks . The album also peaked at # 8 on Billboard 's Independent Record Label chart , # 29 on the Billboard Overall Digital Albums chart and # 24 on Billboard 200 .   Le'Andria released `` Christmas Best '' , a Christmas EP on November 21 , 2011 exclusively to Best Buy , and nationally December 6 , 2011 . Making her the first winner of Sunday Best to release more than one project so far .

neg: Miss America 2009 Miss America 2009 , the 82nd Miss America pageant , was held on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada on January 24 , 2009 . The winner was Katie Stam from Indiana , the first woman representing that state to take the crown .   The pageant was broadcast live on TLC from the Theatre for the Performing Arts at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino , only the fourth time that the pageant has been held outside Atlantic City , New Jersey .

neg: Holland's Got Talent Holland 's Got Talent ( often referred to as HGT ) is a Dutch talent that first seen on SBS 6 and later on RTL 4 , the talent , the Dutch version of Britain 's Got Talent The first season began in March 2008 .   In this television program looks for a new talent of all ages . There is not specifically looking for a singer like X Factor and Popstars . The auditions of this television program will take place on a stage in front of a large audience . The jury consists of Chantal Janzen , Gordon Heuckeroth and Dan Karaty . The first two seasons of Holland 's Got Talent were presented by Gerard Joling . Robert ten Brink . presented season 3 t / m 7 and from season eight will Johnny de Mol present the program because Robert ten Brink is too busy its own programs and the program is due for a freshening . Candidates must have their `` talent '' for the jury and an audience and show the jury assesses the performance and talent is good enough for the live shows . Eventually compete for the last 40 candidates / acts in the three or four live shows to the finals . To date , there are seven winners : Danielle Bubberman , Tessa Kersten , Martin Hurkens , Aliyah Kolf , DDF Crew , Amira Willighagen and Leon Lissitza . Each winner received a different price .   SBS 6 first chose the name Got Talent , it is nevertheless later changed to Holland 's Got Talent . SBS 6 made on March 16 , 2010 announced that the station will not adopt a new season of Holland 's Got Talent . The program was officially adopted in 2010 by RTL .   The original lineup of the jury panel consisted of Henkjan Smits , Patricia and Robert Paay Ronday . After the show was taken over by another station had Smits and Ronday forced to say goodbye to the show . They were then replaced by Idols and X Factor judge Gordon Heuckeroth and So You Think You Can Dance judge Dan Karaty .

neg: Talent Jackpot Talent Jackpot was an American game show broadcast on the DuMont Television Network from July 13 to August 23 , 1949 . The show was hosted by Broadway producer Vinton Freedley ( 1891-1969 ) with Bud Collyer as his assistant and announcer . Contestants won by getting the most applause from the audience , and the top prize was $ 250 .

neg: Maine's Got Talent Maine 's Got Talent is a talent show competition put on by the Miss Maine Scholarship Program , based on the American reality TV show America 's Got Talent . Maine 's Got Talent was started in the Spring of 2009 as a fundraiser for the Miss Maine America pageant . Performers from all over Maine are asked to fill out an audition form , and send it in with a two-minute recording of them performing their talent . Those auditioning can sing , act , dance , or any other perform any other talent . The Miss Maine Organization chooses the top performers to compete for a cash prize , a trophy , and performance opportunities including the spotlight at the Miss Maine America pageant and an audition with the talent agency Dolphin Entertainment .

neg: Emily Keener Emily Christine Keener ( born November 23 , 1998 ) is an American singer and songwriter . She started performing solo shows when she was 12 . She became a contestant on season 10 of NBC 's The Voice , in 2016 at the age of 16 . She advanced to the Top 12 before being eliminated .


query: Jennifer Hudson has won a Grammy.

pos: Jennifer Hudson Jennifer Kate Hudson ( born September 12 , 1981 ) is an American singer , actress and spokesperson . She rose to fame in 2004 as a finalist on the third season of American Idol , coming in seventh place .   As an actress , she made her film debut portraying Effie White in Dreamgirls , for which she gained worldwide acclaim and won an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , a BAFTA Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress . She has also appeared in such films as Sex and the City , The Secret Life of Bees and Black Nativity . She has made numerous television appearances , including guest roles on Smash , Empire and Inside Amy Schumer . In 2015 she made her Broadway debut in the role of Shug Avery in the 2015 revival of The Color Purple .   As a singer , Hudson has released three studio albums . Her debut album Jennifer Hudson , released in 2008 , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA , with sales exceeding a million copies worldwide . The record was nominated for four Grammy Awards , winning the 2009 Grammy Award for Best R&B Album . Her second album I Remember Me , released in 2011 , also debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA . Her third and most recent album JHUD peaked in the top ten and featured the Grammy-nominated track `` It 's Your World '' . She also became the principal singer of The Color Purple musical album , which earned her the 2017 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album and a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Musical Performance in a Daytime Program ( shared with the cast of The Color Purple ) .   In October 2008 , after Hudson 's mother , brother and nephew were killed in a shooting , Hudson stepped out of the public eye for three months . Hudson resumed her public appearances in 2009 , with high-profile performances at Super Bowl XLIII , the Grammy Awards , American Idol , and The Oprah Winfrey Show . Hudson has been described as a friend of former President Barack Obama , who invited her to appear with him at a fundraiser in Beverly Hills during his first term in May 2009 . She also performed at the White House at the `` Celebration of Music from the Civil Rights Movement '' event . In 2013 , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2016 , Hudson was announced as a coach on the 2017 Series of The Voice UK . The following year , Hudson was announced as a coach on the thirteenth season of The Voice .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Classical Performance, Operatic or Choral The Grammy Award for Best Classical Performance - Operatic or Choral was awarded in 1959 . The equivalent award , Best Classical Performance - Opera Cast or Choral was awarded in 1960 . Since 1962 the award has been divided into separate awards for opera and choral performances . See Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording and Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance .   Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .

neg: 19th Annual Grammy Awards The 19th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 19 , 1977 , and were broadcast live on American television ( CBS ) . They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1976 .   Helen Hayes 's win made her the second person to become an EGOT .

neg: Siedah Garrett Siedah Garrett ( born June 24 , 1960 ) is an American singer and songwriter , who has written songs and performed backing vocals for many recording artists in the music industry , such as Michael Jackson , The Pointer Sisters , Brand New Heavies , Quincy Jones , Tevin Campbell , Donna Summer , Madonna , Jennifer Hudson among others . Garrett has been nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Original Song , and won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 50th Grammy Awards for co-writing `` Love You I Do '' ( performed by Jennifer Hudson ) for the 2006 musical film , Dreamgirls .

neg: Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 .   The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics .   It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .

neg: Jeff Rabhan Jeffrey S. Rabhan ( May 7 , 1970 ) is an American business executive .   Jeffrey Rabhan has worked in virtually all areas of the music industry and has helped guide the careers of international superstars across all genres of popular music , from Kelly Clarkson to Lil ' Kim , Michelle Branch to DMX and Jermaine Dupri . His clients have garnered more than a dozen Grammy Awards , sold more than one hundred million records , and generated over one billion dollars in global receipts .   Born in Savannah , Ga. , and raised in Richmond , Va. , Rabhan received a journalism degree from New York University . Upon graduation Rabhan was offered a position at Rolling Stone magazine followed by a stint at SPIN . He then joined the staff of Atlantic Records , ultimately serving as Senior Director of A&R and Soundtracks before Elektra Records named him Executive Director in Charge of Soundtracks , overseeing all releases .   After a successful tenure at Elektra , Rabhan briefly but productively worked as an independent music supervisor and A&R consultant , shopping superstar pop trio Hanson and supervising the highly successful Scream movie soundtrack before discovering and ultimately managing the career of singer-songwriter Michelle Branch from demo recordings to Grammy Award and multi platinum success . Soon after he was tapped to become a partner at top entertainment company The Firm where Rabhan contributed to the success of over 20 worldwide acts , including Linkin Park , Jennifer Lopez , Enrique Iglesias and Snoop Dogg and provided branding expertise in the marketing of Firm-owned athletic shoe company Pony .   As Chair of the Clive Davis Department of Recorded Music at New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts , Rabhan instructs in multiple music business disciplines and oversees faculty and curriculum . He remains very active professionally in the music industry , advising several established acts and working closely with Sony Music Japan International as a marketing consultant , complementing efforts to reach a worldwide audience for their artists .   Rabhan took over as Chair of the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at Tisch School of the Arts , NYU in 2010 while continue to develop artists . He recently wrote Cool Jobs in the Music Business , a book that explains music business career options . It was released by inTune/Hal Leonard in February 2013 .

neg: Latin Grammy Award for Best Grupero Album The Latin Grammy Award for Best Grupero Album was first handed to Los Temerarios during the 1st Latin Grammy Awards ceremony which took place at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California under the name of Best Grupero Performance . In 2002 it was named Best Grupero Album and was last handed out in 2009 to group Caballo Dorado .   The male Grupero artist with the most wins and nominations is Joan Sebastian , with two nominations and both wins . The female Grupero artist with the most nominations and wins is Ana Bárbara , with 4 nominations and one win . The group with the most nominations and wins is La Mafia with four nominations and one win .   The grupero act with the most nominations is Guardianes del Amor with five .   Other notable winners include Alicia Villarreal , Grupo Bryndis , and Atrapado . Some other notable nominees also include Bronco , Marco Antonio Solis , Jennifer Pena , Mariana Seoane , Grupo Limite , Grupo Mojado , and Liberacion .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition The Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition ( including its previous names ) has been awarded since 1960 . The award is presented to the composer of an original piece of music ( not an adaptation ) , first released during the eligibility year . In theory , any style of music is eligible for this category , but winning compositions are usually in the jazz or film score genres .   The Grammy is awarded to the composer ( s ) of the music , not to the performing artist , except if the artist is also the composer .   There have been several minor changes to the name of the award :   In 1958 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1958 ( over 5 minutes duration )  In 1960 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1959 ( more than 5 minutes duration )  In 1962 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme or Instrumental Version of Song  From 1963 to 1964 and from 1967 to 1970 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme  In 1965 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Composition ( other than jazz )  From 1971 to the present it has been awarded as Best Instrumental Composition   Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .

neg: Lost Highway (Bon Jovi album) Lost Highway is the tenth studio album by American rock band Bon Jovi , released on June 19 , 2007 through Island Records . Produced by John Shanks and Dann Huff , the album was recorded at Black Bird Studios , Nashville and NGR Recording , Hollywood .   The album influences the band 's rock sound with that of country music following the success of a country version of the band 's 2006 single `` Who Says You Ca n't Go Home '' , a duet with Jennifer Nettles , which reached No. 1 on the U.S. country chart in May 2006 . Following the success had with the duet version of `` Who Says You Ca n't Go Home '' , there are two songs on the album produced in collaboration with other artists , namely `` We Got It Going On '' featuring Big & Rich and the single `` Till We Ai n't Strangers Anymore '' featuring LeAnn Rimes .   Described by Jon Bon Jovi as a `` Bon Jovi album influenced by Nashville '' , the album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , becoming Bon Jovi 's first ever album to debut at No. 1 and their third album to reach that position in the United States . The album was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2008 Grammy Awards .

neg: A Very Grammy Christmas Special A Very Grammy Christmas Special was a Christmas-themed television special that aired on CBS on December 5 , 2014 . Guests included Ariana Grande , Maroon 5 , Tim McGraw and Pharrell Williams . It received 4.73 million viewers and a 0.8 / 3 rating/share .

neg: Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Classical The Grammy Award for Producer of the Year , Classical is an honor presented to record producers for quality classical music productions at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .   Originally known as the Grammy Award for Classical Producer of the Year , the award was first presented to James Mallinson at the 22nd Grammy Awards ( 1980 ) . The name remained unchanged until 1998 , when the category became known as Producer of the Year , Classical . According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to album producers `` whose recordings , released for the first time during the eligibility year , represent consistently outstanding creativity in the production of classical recordings '' . Producers must have produced at least 51 % playing time on three separately released recordings ( only one of which can be an opera released in DVD format ) . Producers may submit content as a team only if they worked together exclusively during the period of eligibility .  Anthony Tommasini , music critic for The New York Times , asserted that `` In the struggling field of classical recording , it 's the producers who take the real risks and make things happen . '' The honor is presented alongside the award for Producer of the Year , Non-Classical .   As of 2015 , Steven Epstein and Robert Woods share the record of the most wins , with seven each . Judith Sherman has won the award four times , while David Frost and James Mallinson have been presented the award three times each . Two-time recipients include Joanna Nickrenz ( once alongside Marc Aubort ) . Woods ' wife , Elaine Martone , received the honor in 2007 . David Frost is the son of Thomas Frost , who received an award in the same category in 1987 .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal The Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal was awarded from 1970 to 2011 . The award has had several minor name changes :   In 1970 the award was known as Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group  From 1971 to 1981 it was awarded as Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group  From 1982 to the present it has been awarded as Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal   The award was discontinued after the 2011 Grammy Awards in a major overhaul of Grammy categories . From 2012 , all duo or group performances in the country category were shifted to the newly formed Best Country Duo/Group Performance category .   Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .

neg: Jennifer Love Hewitt (album) Jennifer Love Hewitt is the self-titled third studio album by actress and recording artist Jennifer Love Hewitt . It was released on September 3 , 1996 by Atlantic Records .

neg: The Power of Jennifer Rush The Power of Jennifer Rush is a compilation album released by American singer Jennifer Rush .   This was the first official collection released by Rush . As well as featuring her past hits , a new single was released from the collection , `` Ave Maria '' ( originally from her earlier album Movin ' ) .   Released in late 1991 , the album only reached No. 40 in Germany , but sustained a lengthy run on the charts and re-entered in 1995 . The collection also peaked within the top 40 in Switzerland and Austria .   A repackaged version of the album , entitled The Platinum Edition was released in 2001 to mark its 10th anniversary .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only .   The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance , Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if it is an instrumental solo performance ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances .

neg: Juno Awards of 2006 The Juno Awards of 2006 were held in Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada on the weekend of 31 March to 2 April 2006 . These ceremonies honour music industry achievements in Canada during the previous year .   The primary ceremonies were hosted by Pamela Anderson at the Halifax Metro Centre on 2 April and televised on CTV . Buck 65 was the ceremony 's introduction and preview announcer . Music artists Bedouin Soundclash , Broken Social Scene , Divine Brown , Hedley , Massari and Nickelback performed songs at these ceremonies . Also performing were the co-winners for the 2006 International Album of the Year , The Black Eyed Peas and Coldplay .   Bryan Adams was the 2006 inductee into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame . Chris Martin of Coldplay introduced Adams at the primary ceremony .   Michael Bublé won four awards , more than any other individual that year . Besides winning Artist of the Year , his album It 's Time won in both the Album of the Year and Pop Album of the Year categories . His song `` Home '' from that album was declared Single of the Year .   Awards for most categories were presented on 1 April in a non-televised ceremony at the Halifax World Trade and Convention Centre hosted by Jully Black , with performances by Kardinal Offishall , The Road Hammers and Martha Wainwright . This Saturday gala included the presentation of the Junos ' first Humanitarian award to Bruce Cockburn . The Walt Grealis Special Achievement Award was given to True North Records founder Bernie Finkelstein .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lopez is an American singer , actress , dancer , fashion designer and producer . She began her career as an actress for a minor role in the film My Little Girl . Lopez gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 , where she remained for two seasons and remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993 . She received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997 which made $ 35.5 million at box office . She ventured into the music industry in 1999 , with her debut studio album , On the 6 , preceded by the number-one single `` If You Had My Love '' . In 2001 , she released her second studio album J.Lo which sold over 12 million copies worldwide . she has released eight studio albums overall , as of today . Lopez has sold over 80 million records worldwide . She has won 133 awards from 324 nominations including 3 American Music Awards , 1 BET Awards , 1 Billboard Music Award , 10 Billboard Latin Music Awards , and 2 World Music Awards . In 2014 , she received the prestigious Billboard Icon Award for her contribution in music .

neg: Juno Award for Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year The Juno Award for `` Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year '' has been awarded since 1994 , as recognition each year for the best Christian/Gospel music album in Canada . A separate organization , GMA Canada , hands out a full array of awards for Canadian Contemporary Christian/Gospel music , covering a wide range of genres , each year with the annual Covenant Awards .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . ''   According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 .   As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 .   The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .

neg: It's Your World (Jennifer Hudson song) `` It 's Your World '' is a song by American recording artist Jennifer Hudson featuring fellow singer R. Kelly , recorded for her third studio album JHUD ( 2014 ) . It was written by R. Kelly and produced by DJ Terry Hunter . Released worldwide on July 8 , 2014 as the album 's third single , Hudson sang it for the first time at BET Awards 2014 on June 29 , 2014 . No music video was made for the single . The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only .   Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category .   These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . ''   According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . ''   Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .


query: Marie Antoinette died in 1793.

pos: Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette ( -LSB- ˈmæriˌæntwəˈnɛt -RSB- , -LSB- ˌɑ̃ːntwə - -RSB- , -LSB- ˌɑ̃ːtwə - -RSB- , -LSB- məˈriː - -RSB- -LSB- maʁi ɑ̃twanɛt -RSB- ; born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna ( 2 November 1755 -- 16 October 1793 ) was the last Queen of France and Navarre before the French Revolution . She was born an Archduchess of Austria , and was the fifteenth and second youngest child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor .   In April 1770 , upon her marriage to Louis-Auguste , heir apparent to the French throne , she became Dauphine of France . On 10 May 1774 , when her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI , she became Queen of France and Navarre , a title she held until September 1791 , when , as the French Revolution proceeded , she became Queen of the French , a title she held until 21 September 1792 .   After eight years of marriage , Marie Antoinette gave birth to a daughter , Marie-Thérèse Charlotte , the first of her four children . Despite her initial popularity , a growing number of the population eventually came to dislike her , accusing her of being profligate , promiscuous , and of harbouring sympathies for France 's enemies , particularly her native Austria . The Diamond Necklace affair damaged her reputation further . During the Revolution , she became known as Madame Déficit because the country 's financial crisis was blamed on her lavish spending and her opposition to the social and financial reforms of Turgot and Necker .   During the Revolution , after the government had placed the royal family under house arrest in the Tuileries Palace in October 1789 , several events linked to Marie Antoinette , in particular the June 1791 attempted flight to Varennes and her role in the War of the First Coalition , had disastrous effects on French popular opinion . On 10 August 1792 , the attack on the Tuileries forced the royal family to take refuge at the Assembly , and on 13 August the family was imprisoned in the Temple . On 21 September 1792 , the monarchy was abolished . After a two-day trial begun on 14 October 1793 , Marie Antoinette was convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of high treason and executed by guillotine on the Place de la Révolution on 16 October 1793 .

neg: Sibylle Riqueti de Mirabeau Sibylle Aimée Marie-Antoinette Gabrielle de Riquetti de Mirabeau , Comtesse de Martel de Janville ( 16 August 1849 -- 28 June 1932 ) was a French writer who wrote under the pseudonym Gyp .   She was born at the château de Coëtsal near Plumergat , in the département of the Morbihan , in Brittany , her father , Joseph-Arundel de Riquetti , comte de Mirabeau , 1820 -- 1860 , being the great-grandson of Victor de Riquetti , marquis de Mirabeau ( Mirabeau Père ) , noted 18th-century economist , and grandnephew of Honoré Mirabeau the celebrated revolutionary orator . In view of her later opinions , it is interesting to remember that Sibylle was actually descended from Octave Mirabeau 's royalist younger brother , André-Boniface-Louis de Riquetti , vicomte de Mirabeau , ( 1754 -- 1792 ) known as Mirabeau-Tonneau because of his notorious embonpoint , who famously broke his sword in front of France 's Revolutionary Assembly ( where he represented the nobility of the Limousin ) while bitterly crying out : `` now that The King is giving up his kingdom , a nobleman no longer needs a sword to fight for him ! ''   Although , in her memoires , `` Gyp '' stated that she had been born on August 15 , which happens to have been Napoleon Bonaparte 's birthday , her birth certificate reads `` morning of August 16 , 1849 '' , according to her biographer , W. Z. Silvermann . At her father 's request , the name on her birth certificate was revised to read `` Sibylle Aimée Marie Antoinette Gabrielle '' .   Sibylle 's mother , the comtesse de Mirabeau , née de Gonneville ( 1827 -- 1903 ) was also a writer , who contributed to Le Figaro . In 1869 , Sibylle married count Roger de Martel de Janville , by whom she had three children .   Gyp wrote humorous sketches and novels which brazenly denounced her own fashionable society as well as the French republic 's political class . She hated republicanism , populist democracy , and party shenanigans ; supported Boulanger ; and was a fanatical anti-Semite & anti-Dreyfusard ; in fact , while testifying at a court case in 1899 she gave her profession as `` anti-Semite '' rather than `` writer '' . She began with some articles in La Vie parisienne in February 1877 , then in La Revue des Deux Mondes . Starting in 1880 , she began to publish in book form , under the pseudonym of Gyp , a total of more than 120 works , many highly successful : Petit Bob , ( 1882 ) , Les Chasseurs , Un trio turbulent , Autour du mariage ( 1883 ) , Ce que femme veut ( 1883 ) , Sans voiles ( 1885 ) , Autour du divorce ( 1886 ) , Dans le train ( 1886 ) , Mademoiselle Loulou ( 1888 ) , Bob au salon ( 1889 ) , L'éducation d'un prince ( 1890 ) , Passionette ( 1891 ) , Oh ! la grande vie ( 1891 ) , Une Election à Tigre-sur-mer ( 1890 ) , based on Gyp 's experience supporting a boulangiste candidate , Marriage civil ( 1892 ) , Ces bons docteurs ( 1892 ) De haut en bas ( 1893 ) , Le Mariage de Chiffon ( 1894 ) , Leurs âmes ( 1895 ) , Le Cœur d'Ariane ( 1895 ) , Le Bonheur de Ginette ( 1896 ) , Totote ( 1897 ) , Lune de miel ( 1898 ) , Israel ( 1898 ) , L'Entrevue ( 1899 ) , Le Pays des champs ( 1900 ) , Trop de chic ( 1900 ) , Le Friquet ( 1901 ) , La Fée ( 1902 ) , Un Mariage chic ( 1903 ) , Un Ménage dernier cri ( 1903 ) , Maman ( 1904 ) , Le Cœur de Pierrette ( 1905 ) , Les Flanchards ( 1917 ) , Souvenirs d'une petite fille ( 1927 -- 1928 ) , etc. .   Her best-known work is probably Le Mariage de Chiffon , filmed in 1942 by Claude Autant-Lara .   Because of her unpopular opinions , the comtesse was the victim of several attempts on her life as well as of a sensational kidnapping .   Gyp , self-styled `` last of the Mirabeaus '' , died at Neuilly-sur-Seine on 28 June 1932 .

neg: History of fashion design The history of fashion design refers to the development of the fashion industry which designs clothing and accessories . The modern industry , based around firms or fashion houses run by individual designers , started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created .   Couture beginnings . Rose Bertin ( July 2 , 1747 -- September 22 , 1813 ) was the dressmaker named bill to Marie Antoinette , Queen of France , and a high public profile . Sometimes called sarcastically the `` Minister of Fashion '' , she opened a shop in Paris and had a considerable influence on Parisian style , until this was drastically changed by the French Revolution , from which she fled into exile in London for some years .   An outsider to the French Court , Marie Antoinette relied on Bertin 's meticulous designs to help her `` to combat her enemies with style '' . -LSB- 1 -RSB- Marie Antoinette 's unique fashion preferences such as masculine riding breeches or simple muslin shift dressed , contrasted sharply with her elaborate gowns as the Queen attempted to create a persona that would allow the citizens of France to connect with her and her lifestyle . Although Marie Antoinette 's attempts were largely unsuccessful , the ways Bertin helped the Queen articulate herself through fashion were groundbreaking and set a precedent for monarchs who followed . -LSB- 2 -RSB-   An Englishman living in Paris , Charles Frederick Worth ( 1825 - 1905 ) is usually seen as the first designer in something like the modern sense , with a large business employing many largely anonymous tailors and seamstresses . A former draper , Worth 's success was such that he was able to dictate what they should wear to his customers . Launched into the spotlight as the Empress Eugénie 's primary designer , Worth used his royal connections to gain recognition and clients . The proclamation on February 1 , 1853 by Napolón III that no visitors would be received to his court without formal dress meant that the popularity of Worth-style gowns was overwhelming . Ornately decorated and constructed from the finest materials , Worth 's gowns are well known for their crinolines ( cage-like metal structures that held the dress out in a stylish shape .  Throughout the early 20th century , practically all high fashion originated in Paris and to a lesser extent London . Fashion magazines from other countries sent editors to the Paris fashion shows . Department stores sent buyers to the Paris shows , where they purchased garments to copy ( and openly stole the style lines and trim details of others ) . Both made-to-measure salons and ready-to-wear departments featured the latest Paris trends , adapted to the stores ' assumptions about the lifestyles and pocket books of their targeted customers .   At this time in history the division between haute couture and ready-to-wear was not sharply defined . The two separate modes of production were still far from being competitors and they often co-existed in houses where the seamstresses moved freely between made-to-measure and ready-made .   Around the start of the 20th century fashion magazines began to include photographs and became even more influential . Throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought-after and had a profound effect on public taste . Talented illustrators - among them Paul Iribe , Georges Lepape , Erté , and George Barbier - drew attractive fashion plates for these publications , which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty . Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 .

neg: Mary of Guise Mary of Guise ( Marie de Guise 22 November 1515 -- 11 June 1560 ) was Queen of Scots from 1538 to 1542 as the second wife of King James V . She was the mother of Mary , Queen of Scots , and served as Regent of Scotland in her daughter 's name from 1554 to 1560 . A native of Lorraine , she was a member of the powerful House of Guise , which played a prominent role in 16th-century French politics . Her main goal was a close alliance between the powerful French Catholic nation and smaller Scotland , which she wanted to be Catholic and independent of England . She failed , and at her death the Protestants took control of Scotland , with her own grandson achieving the Union of the Crowns a few decades later .

neg: Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel ( Louise Élisabeth Félicité Françoise Armande Anne Marie Jeanne Joséphine de Croÿ de Tourzel ) 11 June 1749 -- 15 May 1832 ) , the Marquise de Tourzel ( later Duchess ) was a French noblewoman and courtier to the royal court of King Louis XVI . She was the last governess to the royal children of Louis and his wife , Queen Marie Antoinette . Decades after the French Revolution , de Tourzel published widely read memoirs , which presented a unique perspective on the royal family .

neg: Palais de la Cité The Palais de la Cité , located on the Île de la Cité in the Seine River in the center of Paris , was the residence of the Kings of France from the sixth century until the 14th century . From the 14th century until the French Revolution , it was the headquarters of the French treasury , judicial system and the Parlement of Paris , an assembly of nobles . During the Revolution it served as a courthouse and prison , where Marie Antoinette and other prisoners were held and tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal . The palace was built and rebuilt over the course of six centuries ; the site is now largely occupied by the buildings of the 19th century Palais de Justice , but a few important vestiges remain ; the medieval lower hall of the Conciergerie , four towers along the Seine , and , mostly important , Sainte-Chapelle , the former chapel of the Palace , masterpiece of Gothic architecture . Both parts of the Conciergerie and Saint-Chapelle are classified as national historical monuments and can be visited , though most of the Palais de Justice is closed to the public .

neg: Armand de Pontmartin Armand Augustin Joseph Marie Ferrard , Comte de Pontmartin ( 1811-1890 ) , French critic and man of letters , was born at Avignon ( Vaucluse ) on 16 July 1811 . Imbued by family tradition with legitimist sympathies , he began by attacking the followers of the encyclopaedists and their successors . In the Assemblée nationale he published his Causeries litteraires , a series of attacks on prominent Liberals , which created some sensation .   Pontmartin was an indefatigable journalist , and most of his papers were eventually published in volume form : Contes et reveries d'un planteur de choux ( 1845 ) ; Causeries du samedi ( 1857-1860 ) ; Nouveaux samedis ( 1865-1881 ) , & c . But the most famous of all his books is Les Jeudis de Mme. Charbonneau ( 1862 ) , which under the form of a novel offered a series of malicious and witty portraits of contemporary writers . Pontmartin died at Avignon on 29 March 1890 .

neg: Marie Anne de Bourbon (1689–1720) Marie Anne de Bourbon ( 18 April 1689 -- 21 March 1720 ) was a princess of the blood at the French court of Versailles . She was the first wife of Louis Henri de Bourbon and as such was the Duchess of Bourbon and Princess of Condé by marriage . She died childless during the Regency of Philippe d'Orléans . She was known as the younger duchess as opposed to her mother-in-law , the older duchess . Despite her husband being the Prince of Condé , he continued to use the title of Duke of Bourbon , the title by which his wife was known .

neg: Antoinette de Bourbon Antoinette de Bourbon ( 25 December 1493 -- 22 January 1583 ) was a French noblewoman of the House of Bourbon . She was the wife of Claude de Lorraine , Duke of Guise . Through her eldest daughter , Mary of Guise , Queen consort of King James V of Scotland , she was the maternal grandmother of Mary , Queen of Scots .

neg: Nicolas Luckner Nicolas , Count Luckner ( Johann Nikolaus , Graf Luckner 12 January 1722 , Cham in der Oberpfalz -- 4 January 1794 , Paris ) was a German officer in French service who rose to become a Marshal of France .   Luckner grew up in Cham , in eastern Bavaria and received his early education from the Jesuits in Passau . Before entering the French service , Luckner spent time in the Bavarian , Dutch and Hanoverian armies . He fought as a commander of hussars during the Seven Years ' War ( 1756-1763 ) in the Hanoverian army against the French . Luckner joined the French army in 1763 with the rank of lieutenant general . In 1784 he became a Danish count .   He supported the French Revolution , and the year 1791 saw Luckner become a Marshal of France . In 1791-92 Luckner served as the first commander of the Army of the Rhine . In April 1792 , Rouget de Lisle dedicated to him the Chant de Guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin ( War Song of the Army of the Rhine ) , which was to become better known as the Marseillaise .   As commander of the Army of the North in 1792 he captured the Flemish cities of Menen and Kortrijk , but then had to retreat towards Lille . After the flight of Lafayette ( August 1792 ) he was made generalissimo with orders to build a Reserve Army near Châlons-sur-Marne . However , the National Convention was not satisfied with his progress and Choderlos de Laclos was ordered to support or replace him . Luckner , now over 70 years of age , then asked for dismissal ( granted in January 1793 ) and went to Paris .   He was arrested by the Revolutionary Tribunal and sentenced to death . He died by the guillotine in Paris in 1794 .   The carillon of the town hall in the Bavarian town of Cham rings the Marseillaise every day at 12.05 p.m. to commemorate the city 's most famous son , Nikolaus Graf von Luckner .   He was the great-grandfather of Count Felix von Luckner ( 1881-1966 ) , a German naval officer who commanded the famed merchant raider SMS Seeadler ( 1916-1917 ) during World War I .   Luckner owned Krummbek Manor in Holstein .

neg: Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ( Antoinette Ernestine Amalie ; 28 August 1779 -- 14 March 1824 ) was a German princess of the House of Wettin . By marriage , she was a Duchess of Württemberg . Through her eldest surviving son , she is the ancestress of today 's ( Catholic ) House of Württemberg .   Born in Coburg , she was the second daughter of Francis , Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf . She was also the elder sister of King Leopold I of Belgium and the aunt of both Queen Victoria and her husband , Prince Albert . Her maternal grandparents were Heinrich XXIV , Count Reuß-Ebersdorf and Karoline Ernestine von Erbach-Schönberg , and her paternal grandparents were Ernst Friedrich and Antoinette of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .

neg: Joséphine de Beauharnais Joséphine de Beauharnais ( -LSB- ʒo.ze.fin də ‿ bo.aʁ.nɛ -RSB- ; née Tascher de la Pagerie ; 23 June 1763 -- 29 May 1814 ) was the first wife of Napoleon I , and thus the first Empress of the French ( commonly called Empress Joséphine or just Joséphine ) .   Her marriage to Napoleon I was her second ; her first husband Alexandre de Beauharnais was guillotined during the Reign of Terror , and she herself was imprisoned in the Carmes prison until five days after Alexandre 's execution . Her two children by Alexandre became significant to royal lineage . Through her daughter , Hortense , she was the maternal grandmother of Napoléon III . Through her son , Eugène , she was the great-grandmother of later Swedish and Danish kings and queens . The reigning houses of Belgium , Norway and Luxembourg also descend from her . She did not bear Napoleon any children ; as a result , he divorced her in 1810 to marry Marie Louise of Austria .   Joséphine was the recipient of numerous love letters written by Napoleon , many of which still exist . Her Château de Malmaison was noted for its magnificent rose garden , which she supervised closely , owing to her passionate interest in roses , collected from all over the world .

neg: Antoinette (barque) The Antoinette was a 1,118 ton barque , built in Yarmouth , Nova Scotia in 1874 and was used for the transportation of goods . She struck land on Tuckernuck in 1889 , requiring the entire crew to be rescued . Although she was reinstated later that year , she was finally wrecked on the Doom Bar on the north coast of Cornwall ; the largest ship to be wrecked there . The majority of the wreck ended up on the Town Bar off Padstow and mostly disappeared after being destroyed with gelignite . However some of the hull re-emerged in March 2010 , creating a hazard to local shipping .

neg: François Carlo Antommarchi Dr François Carlo Antommarchi ( 5 July 1780 in Morsiglia , Corsica -- 4 March 1838 in Santiago de Cuba , Cuba ) was Napoleon 's physician from 1818 to his death in 1821 .   He began his studies in Livorno , Italy , and later earned the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine at the University of Pisa in March 1808 . Antommarchi then went to Florence , Italy , and was attached to the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova.Leonardo da Vinci studied anatomy at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova Antommarchi earned the diploma of Surgeon in 1812 from the University of Florence ( i.e. Imperial University ) and was appointed by its president as Prosector . While in this capacity , Antommarchi worked under Paolo Mascagni ( 1752 -- 1815 ) starting on 7 July 1813 .   Antommarchi left Florence for Saint Helena to become Napoleon I 's physician until his death . Antommarchi took up this position at the behest of Napoleon 's mother Maria Letizia Ramolino and his uncle Cardinal Joseph Fesch . Antommarchi received a letter of employment on 19 December 1818 . Antommarchi was sent to St. Helena in replacement of Dr Barry Edward O'Meara as Napoleon 's personal physician , because the illustrious captive would not agree to accept medical officers such as Dr Alexander Baxter or Dr James Roch Verling , who were proposed to him by his custodian , or `` gaoler '' , sir Hudson Lowe .  However , Napoleon was not so impressed by Antommarchi 's medical skills and even dismissed him from his service a couple of times , only to let him resume his duty soon after . In the last moments of illness , Antommarchi was assisted by Dr Archibald Arnott , who was accepted by Napoleon at the pressing demands from his two officers , Count Montholon and Grand-Marshal Bertrand .  After Napoleon 's death , Antommarchi wrote The Last Moments of Napoleon where he concluded that Napoleon died of stomach cancer .   In 1831 Antommarchi went to Poland and became the general inspector of Polish hospitals during November Uprising where he assisted the Polish people in an uprising against the Russians . He fled to Paris to escape the czar 's forces .   Antommarchi then immigrated to Louisiana where he donated the bronze death mask of Napoleon to the people of New Orleans in 1834 . Antommarchi lived in Veracruz , Mexico , for a brief period , and was employed there as an itinerant physician . He moved from Mexico and settled in Santiago de Cuba , Cuba , where he again worked as a physician . The move to Cuba was prompted by Antommarchi seeking his cousin Antonio Juan Benjamin Antommarchi , who made his fortune in coffee plantations . Antommarchi became adept at performing surgery for the removal of cataracts . He died in Cuba , of yellow fever , on 3 April 1838 , at the age of 57 .

neg: Nicolas Desmarets Nicolas Desmaretz , marquis de Maillebois ( 10 September 1648 , Paris -- 4 May 1721 , Paris ) was a Controller-General of Finances during the reign of Louis XIV of France .   Desmaretz was a nephew of Jean-Baptiste Colbert . Taken out of school at age 15 to work in his uncle 's offices as Controller-General of Finances , he rose to become an intendant of finances in 1678 and his uncle 's principal assistant in 1683 . He was exiled in December 1683 shortly after Colbert 's death , however , after being accused of taking bribes and kickbacks in a government contract to mint money . After returning to Paris in 1686 , Desmaretz wrote a series of memoranda for his family members who were still in the government recommending new tax policies in the face of the deplorable economic situation of France .   Desmaretz was made director of finances in 1703 and replaced Michel Chamillart as controller general in 1708 . Desmaretz undertook several policies aimed at restoring France 's financial status while in office , including postponing repayment of loans , securing lower interest rates on certain loans , creating a royal lottery , devaluing metal currency , and instituting a ten percent tax on the income produced by property ownership in 1710 . Desmaretz was working on a method for repaying France 's debts when Louis XIV died on 1 September 1715 . He was dismissed from office after Louis XIV 's death that year .   His son Jean-Baptiste Francois Desmaretz , marquis de Maillebois became a Marshal of France .

neg: Girondins The Girondins ( or Girondists ) were members of a loosely knit political faction during the French Revolution . From 1791 to 1793 , the Girondins were active within the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention . They were part of the Jacobin movement - ( though not every Girondin was a member of the Jacobin Club ) - until they were accused of monarchism and purged .   The Girondins campaigned for the end of the monarchy , but then resisted the spiraling momentum of the Revolution . They came into conflict with The Mountain ( Montagnards ) , a radical left-wing faction within the Jacobin Club . This conflict eventually led to the fall of the Girondins and their mass execution , the beginning of the Reign of Terror . The Girondins were a group of loosely affiliated individuals rather than an organized political party , and the name was at first informally applied because the most prominent exponents of their point of view were deputies to the Legislative Assembly from the département of Gironde in southwest France .   Girondin leader Jacques-Pierre Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution internationally , thus the Girondins were the war party in 1792 -- 93 . Other prominent Girondins included Jean Marie Roland and his wife Madame Roland . They had an ally in the English-born , sometime American activist Thomas Paine . Brissot and Madame Roland were executed and Jean Roland ( who had gone into hiding ) committed suicide when he learned what had transpired . Paine was arrested and imprisoned but narrowly escaped execution . The famous painting Death of Marat depicts the killing of the fiery radical journalist ( and denouncer of the Girondins ) Jean-Paul Marat by the Girondin sympathizer Charlotte Corday , who was executed .

neg: Duc de Brancas The title duc de Brancas may refer to a number of hereditary office-holders under the Ancien Régime of France . The most famous holder of that title was a member of the social circle of Philippe II , Duke of Orléans , who served as Regent of France from 1715 to 1723 . Brancas was known to be amusing , good-natured , and attracted to young men .   Despite his high title , Brancas was not wealthy , but he solidly refused to exploit his relationship with France 's regent in return for financial gain . Such a lack of corruption was rare at the time , and put the family in strained circumstances . Brancas ' heir , the marquis d'Oise , would have to sign a marriage contract with a three-year-old girl from a wealthy background when the Marquis was himself thirty-three in order to support the Brancas family .   When Brancas reached the age that he had to pay young men to sleep with him , he decided to give up on secular life and retired to a monastery . The Regent was so distraught at losing his friend that he cried twice during their last supper together . Brancas died in 1739 , at the age of seventy-six . Despite Brancas ' rectitude in regard to his position , he formed part of a pleasure-loving circle around the Regent which alienated France 's conservatives and undermined conservative support for the Regency .

neg: Empress Elisabeth of Austria Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria ( 24 December 1837 -- 10 September 1898 ) was the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I , and thus Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary , and many others ( see Grand title of the Empress of Austria ) .   Born into the royal Bavarian house of Wittelsbach , Elisabeth ( also called `` Sisi '' ) enjoyed an informal upbringing before marrying Emperor Franz Joseph I at the age of sixteen . The marriage thrust her into the much more formal Habsburg court life , for which she was ill-prepared and which she found uncongenial . Early in the marriage she was at odds with her mother-in-law , Archduchess Sophie , who took over the rearing of Elisabeth 's daughters , one of whom , Sophie , died in infancy . The birth of a male heir , Rudolf , improved her standing at court considerably , but her health suffered under the strain , and she would often visit Hungary for its more relaxed environment . She came to develop a deep kinship with Hungary , and helped to bring about the dual monarchy of Austria -- Hungary in 1867 .   The death of her only son Rudolf , and his mistress Mary Vetsera , in a murder -- suicide tragedy at his hunting lodge at Mayerling in 1889 was a blow from which Elisabeth never recovered . She withdrew from court duties and travelled widely , unaccompanied by her family . She was obsessively concerned with maintaining her youthful figure and beauty , which was already legendary during her life . While travelling in Geneva in 1898 , she was stabbed to death by an Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni . Elisabeth was the longest serving Empress of Austria , at 44 years .

neg: Pension Belhomme The Pension Belhomme was a prison and private clinic during the French Revolution .   Around 1765 , the joiner Jacques Belhomme took on the construction of a building for the son of a neighbour , an aristocrat who had been mad since birth . Seeing that running an asylum was more lucrative than joinery , he opened an asylum for lunatics , old people and whoever else rich families wanted to entrust to him . A famous precursor of psychiatry , Philippe Pinel , carried out his first treatments of the insane here .   Once the French Revolution had begun , Jacques Belhomme thought that his fortune was assured . Remote from the violent centre of Paris , he had noticeable advantages . In September 1793 the députés encouraged the sans-culottes to imprison all suspect individuals : nobles , their wives and children , foreigners , priests , lawyers , the actors of the Comédie Française , rich people in general , in short , all those who had not made clear their allegiance to the Republic . With the prisons of Paris already overflowing , the state requisitioned Belhomme 's asylum and then all other private clinics . Belhomme entreated the 12 police chiefs in charge of Paris to send him rich prisoners who would pay high fees to live in his asylum as comfortably as possible . From then on marquises , bankers , journalists , famous actors , old nobles and army officers , along with other disgraced persons who bribed the doctors and police chiefs to be transferred on the pretext of illness , lived cheek by jowl with the mad .   Belhomme rented the neighbouring building , the hôtel de Chabanais , to which he linked his own building by a charming garden after the young marquis de Chabanais , a descendant of Colbert , had emigrated with his mother and had his possessions confiscated by the state . Belhomme ended up buying the house to invest the money he had made . It was in this setting that there occurred the romance between Jacques-Marie Rouzet , a deputy to the National Convention , and Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon , widow of duc d'Orléans and mother of the future King Louis-Philippe . They married in secret after leaving prison .   The scandal of the Pension Belhomme finally erupted in January 1794 . Belhomme was arrested for supplying wine to the inmates and was imprisoned in another pension , at Coignard , where the Marquis de Sade was also held . He was found guilty twice and , like the majority of the former inmates of his `` clinic '' , escaped the guillotine only because the Terror ended on 9 Thermidor . Some of the former inmates did not escape , however , proving too well-known to pass unnoticed . They included Béatrice de Choiseul-Stainville , duchesse de Gramont , sister of Louis XV 's famous minister ; the duchess of Le Châtelet , daughter-in-law of a famous mistress of Voltaire , the fermier général Magon de La Balue , guillotined with his children , grandchildren , great-grandchildren , brothers and cousins ; and the lawyer Simon-Nicholas Henri Linguet , despite his denunciation of the monarchy , for which he had spent a year in the Bastille under the ancien regime .   The hôtel de Chabanais was razed in 1953 , as was the maison Belhomme in 1973 .

neg: Antoine Louis Antoine Louis ( 13 February 1723 , Metz -- 20 May 1792 ) was an 18th-century French surgeon and physiologist .   He was originally trained in medicine by his father , a surgeon-major at a local military hospital . As a young man he moved to Paris , where he served as gagnant-maîtrise at the Salpêtrière . In 1750 he was appointed professor of physiology , a position he held for 40 years . In 1764 he was appointed lifetime secretary to the Académie Royale de Chirurgie .   Louis published numerous articles on surgery , including several biographies of surgeons who died in his lifetime . He also published the surgical aphorisms of Dutch physician Herman Boerhaave ( 1668 -- 1738 ) .   Louis is credited with designing a prototype of the guillotine . For a period of time after its invention , the guillotine was called a louisette . However , it was later named after French physician Joseph Ignace Guillotin ( 1738 -- 1814 ) , who advocated a more humane method of capital punishment .   The `` angle of Louis '' is another name for the sternal angle , which is the point of junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum .

neg: Charles Simon Favart Charles Simon Favart ( 13 November 1710 -- 12 May 1792 ) was a French playwright .   Born in Paris , the son of a pastry-cook , he was educated at the college of Louis-le-Grand , and after his father 's death he carried on the business for a time . His first success in literature was La France delivrée par la Pucelle d'Orléans , a poem about Joan of Arc which obtained a prize of the Académie des Jeux Floraux . After the production of his first vaudeville , Les Deux Jumelles ( 1734 ) , circumstances enabled him to relinquish business and devote himself entirely to the drama . He provided many pieces anonymously for the lesser theatres , and first put his name to La Chercheuse d'esprit , which was produced in 1741 .   Among his most successful works were Annette et Lubin , Le Coq du milage ( 1743 ) , Ninette à la cour ( 1753 ) , Les Trois Sultanes ( 1761 ) and L'Anglais de Bordeaux ( 1763 ) . Favart became director of the Opéra-Comique , and in 1745 married Marie Justine Benoîte Duronceray , a beautiful young dancer , singer and actress , who as `` Mlle Chantilly '' had made a successful début the year before . By their united talents and labours , the Opéra-Comique rose to such a height of success that it aroused the jealousy of the rival Comédie-Française and was suppressed .   Favart , left thus without resources , accepted the proposal of Maurice , comte de Saxe , and became director of a troupe of comedians which was to accompany Maurice 's army into Flanders . It was part of his duty to compose from time to time impromptu verses on the events of the campaign , amusing and stimulating the spirits of the men . So popular were Favart and his troupe that the enemy became desirous of hearing his company and sharing his services , and permission was given to gratify them , battles and comedies thus curiously alternating with each other .   The marshal , an admirer of Mme Favart , began to pay her unwanted attentions . To escape him she went to Paris , and the wrath of Saxe fell upon the husband . A lettre de cachet was issued against him , but he fled to Strasbourg and found concealment in a cellar .   Favart survived his wife by twenty years . After the marshal 's death in 1750 he returned to Paris and resumed his pursuits as a dramatist . It was at this time that he became friendly with the abbé de Voisenon , who helped him with his work , to what extent is uncertain . He had grown nearly blind in his last days , and died in Paris .   His plays have been republished in various editions and selections ( 1763-1772 , 12 vols. ; 1810 , 3 vols. ; 1813 ; 1853 ) . His correspondence ( 1759-1763 ) with Count Durazzo , director of theatres at Vienna , was published in 1808 as Mémoires et correspondance littéraire , dramatique et anecdotique de CS Favart . It furnishes valuable information on the state of the literary and theatrical worlds in the 18th century .


query: The Uruguay national football team won two FIFA World Cups.

pos: Uruguay national football team The Uruguay national football team represents Uruguay in international association football and is controlled by the Uruguayan Football Association , the governing body for football in Uruguay . The current head coach is Óscar Tabárez . The Uruguayan team is commonly referred to as La Celeste ( The Sky Blue ) .  The Uruguayan team recently won the 2011 Copa América . They have won the Copa América 15 times , being the team that has won the tournament on most occasions . The team has won the FIFA World Cup twice , including the first World Cup in 1930 as hosts , defeating Argentina 4 -- 2 in the final . They won their second title in 1950 , upsetting host Brazil 2 -- 1 in the final match , which received an attendance higher than any football match ever .   They have won the Gold Medals in football at the Summer Olympics twice , in 1924 and 1928 recognized by FIFA as World Cup , before the creation of the World Cup . Uruguay also won the 1980 Mundialito , a tournament among former World Cup champions . In total , Uruguay have won 20 official titles , a world record for the most international titles held by any country .   Another unique achievement of Uruguay is that it ´ s the only nation in world football to organize multiple major international tournaments in own country and win them all . La Celeste won 7 Copa América tournaments , 1 World Cup and Mundialito , all staged in Uruguay .   Their success is amplified by the fact that the nation has a very small population of around 3.4 million inhabitants ( 2011 est. ) . Uruguay is by far the smallest country in the world to have won a World Cup in terms of population , 1.75 million inhabitants in 1930 . The second-smallest country , by population , to have won the World Cup is Argentina with a population of nearly 28 million people in 1978 . Uruguay is also the smallest country ever to win any World Cup medals ; only five nations with a currently smaller population than Uruguay 's have ever participated in any World Cup : Northern Ireland ( three times ) , Slovenia ( twice ) , Wales , Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago .

neg: Rubén Morán Ruben Morán ( born in Montevideo 6 August 1930 ; died in Montevideo 3 January 1978 ) was a Uruguayan footballer , who played for C.A. Cerro .   For the Uruguay national football team , he was part of the 1950 FIFA World Cup winning team , and he played in only one match in the tournament , the decisive match against Brazil that clinched the title for Uruguay .

neg: Uruguay men's national volleyball team The Uruguay men 's national volleyball team represents Uruguay in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches . In the 1950s the squad twice won a silver medal ( 1951 and 1956 ) at the South American Championship . The dominant forces in men 's volleyball on the South American continent are Brazil and Argentina .

neg: Michele Andreolo Miguel Andreolo Frodella ( Michele Andreolo ) ( 6 September 1912 -- 14 May 1981 ) was a Uruguayan Italian footballer who played as a midfielder . He was born in Carmelo , Uruguay but his family was from Valle dell ` Angelo in the province of Salerno . He represented both Uruguay and Italy at international level , and was a member of the Italy team that won the 1938 FIFA World Cup .

neg: Rubén Soria Ruben Néstor Soria ( born 23 January 1935 ) is a Uruguayan football defender who played for Uruguay in the 1962 FIFA World Cup . He also played for C.A. Cerro .

neg: Fla–Flu Fla -- Flu ( truncation of Flamengo-Fluminense ) is an association football match between cross-town rivals Flamengo and Fluminense . Matches take place in the 78,000-seat Maracanã Stadium , located near downtown Rio de Janeiro , in the city 's Maracanã district . The world record football match attendance between clubs is a Fla 0-0 Flu with 194,603 ( 177,656 paid ) in 1963 .   The moniker Fla -- Flu was coined by the journalist Mário Filho during the professionalization of Rio de Janeiro 's football .   Flamengo is the most successful team in Rio State Championship by one championship . Flamengo has won it 33 times while Fluminense has won 31 . Flamengo has won 6 Brazilian National Championships , as defined by the CBF , the 1987 Copa União ( an independent league organised by the Club of 13 ) and 3 Brazilian Cups . Fluminense has won 4 Brazilian National Championships and 1 Brazilian Cup . Fluminense has won the Copa Rio , which it claims to be equivalent to an intercontinental club tournament . Flamengo has won one Libertadores Cup and one Intercontinental Cup , both in 1981 . Fluminense is the only team in the world that holds the IOC 's Olympic Cup ( `` Coupe Olympique '' or `` Taça Olímpica '' ) , a non-competitive award for distinguished service in upholding the ideals of the Olympic Movement and to recognise the particular merits of institutions or associations and their services rendered to sport , conquered in 1949 .   The rivalry between these two clubs began in October 1911 , when a group of dissatisfied players from Fluminense left the club , and went to Flamengo , which at the time had no football department . The first Fla -- Flu ever was played the following year , on July 7 , 1912 at Laranjeiras stadium . Fluminense won this match 3-2 , with 800 people in attendance .   The Fla -- Flu matches are mentioned in Lamartine Babo 's unofficial , but very popular , Flamengo anthem composed in 1942 .

neg: Mauricio González Sfeir Mauricio González Sfeir ( born 1956 ) is a petroleum company executive and president of the Bolivian professional football team La Paz F.C. . Mr. Gonzalez served as president of YPFB ( Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bolivianos ) and Secretary of Energy of Bolivia in the mid-1990s , contributing to the success of the Bolivia-Brazil natural gas pipeline . He is a co-author of the Baker Institute 's `` Americas Project . ''   Mauricio Gonzalez studied economics at DePaul University and Yale University and finance & management at Harvard Business School . Furthermore , he pursued post-graduate studies at Oxford University , while on a Marshall Scholarship . During college , he was a summer intern at the Wall Street investment bank Goldman Sachs . After completing his university education and prior to returning to Bolivia , Mr. Gonzalez worked as an international management consultant in the London office of The Boston Consulting Group .   Mr. Gonzalez has had a lifelong involvement with sport . He represented Bolivia in Junior Davis Cup tennis competition at the South American level ( once defeating Ricardo Ycaza in doubles ) , taught tennis at the Welby Van Horn Tennis Camp , and played on the tennis teams of DePaul University ( under legendary coach George Lott ) and Oxford University . He is a past president of The Strongest football club , a past president of the La Paz Football Association and a past vice-president of the Bolivian Football Federation ( Federación Boliviana de Fútbol ) .   Mr. Gonzalez is a charismatic promoter of Bolivian football ( soccer ) , including junior and women 's divisions . He has also been a forceful spokesman and advocate for the proposition that the Bolivian national team and Bolivian club teams should be allowed to play official international matches -- including World Cup qualifying games -- in the high altitude cities of La Paz , Oruro , and Potosi . He is a leading member of an ad hoc committee of prominent Bolivians formed to design a strategy to campaign against the FIFA altitude ban .   Media Coverage   Numerous articles regarding Mr. Gonzalez 's advocacy in defense of Bolivian high-altitude football/soccer

neg: CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments .   CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members .   CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .

neg: Uruguay A national rugby union team The Uruguay A national rugby union team are the second national rugby union team behind the Uruguay national side .

neg: Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II .   The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final .   Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .

neg: 1999 Copa América The 1999 Copa América was a football tournament held in Paraguay , from June 29 to July 18 . It was organised by CONMEBOL , South America 's football governing body .   Due to the low number of entrants , there is no qualifying for the final tournament . Japan became the first non-American team to participate . Uruguay sent a youth team .

neg: History of FIFA FIFA ( Fédération Internationale de Football Association ) is the international governing body of association football . It is one of the world 's oldest and largest NGOs , being founded on 21 May 1904 . It has since expanded to include 209 member associations .

neg: Soviet Union v Chile (1974 FIFA World Cup qualification play-off) The 1973 play-off for a place in the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany , between the national football teams of the Soviet Union and Chile , is notable for the political circumstances that marked the second leg of the play-off on 21 November 1973 . It was scheduled to take place in the Estadio Nacional de Chile in Santiago , the Chilean capital . There had been a coup d'état in Chile two months before , immediately after which people deemed undesirable to the new regime of Augusto Pinochet had been held captive and executed in the stadium . The Soviet Union asked FIFA to find a different venue in Chile ; when agreement could not be reached , the Soviet team did not take the field and was disqualified from the tournament , giving the Chilean team a victory by walk-over and a place in the 1974 World Cup , where they were eliminated in the first round .

neg: Panama national football team The Panama national football team ( Selección de fútbol de Panama ) represents Panama in international football . The team is controlled by the governing body for football in Panama , Panamanian Football Federation , which is a member of CONCACAF and the regional UNCAF . Panama finished as runners-up in the 2005 Gold Cup and 2013 Gold Cup . Panama has never qualified for the World Cup , but it has reached the final ( `` Hexagonal '' ) round of the CONCACAF qualifications for the 2006 , 2014 , and 2018 tournaments . Panama is currently competing in this stage .   Panama came very close to advancing out of the fourth round of the qualifications for the 2014 World Cup . In their last match , which was against the USA , they led 2 -- 1 after 90 minutes and were posed to advance to a play-off against New Zealand , but they conceded two goals in stoppage time and were eliminated , with Mexico taking the playoff slot instead .

neg: World Cup Germany Germany has hosted the FIFA World Cup twice . Hence World Cup Germany may refer to :  the 1974 FIFA World Cup of West Germany  the 2006 FIFA World Cup of Germany , as a unified nation

neg: South Africa at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of South Africa 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II .   The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final .   South Africa have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on three occasion 's in 1998 , 2002 , and 2010 .   Although South Africa has made three appearances in the World Cup , they have not made it past the first round . The team 's first attempt to qualify as for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . The team finished second in their group , behind Nigeria , who went on to play at the World Cup . Their first appearance was in France 1998 , six years after they had been readmitted to the global football family . Despite a 3 -- 0 drubbing to France in their opening game , they went on to draw against Denmark and Saudi Arabia , the team finished third and thus exited the tournament . Korea/Japan 2002 was expected to be an opportunity for Bafana Bafana to step up to the next level but they were eliminated at the group stage despite drawing to Paraguay and beating Slovenia 1 -- 0 for their first-ever World Cup win . The team finished third in their group , losing out to Paraguay on goal difference . The team failed to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup after finishing third in their qualifying group . Ghana won the group and progressed to the tournament , while Congo DR finished ahead of South Africa on head to head results . During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa , they beat France 2 -- 1 and drew 1 -- 1 to Mexico , but lost 0 -- 3 to Uruguay . They lost out on progression to the round of 16 , on goal difference , for their second World Cup in a row .

neg: Álvaro Gestido Álvaro Antonio Gestido Pose ( 17 May 1907 -- 18 January 1957 ) was a footballer from Uruguay . He was born in Montevideo . From 1926 to 1942 , he played for C.A. Peñarol . He also played 25 matches for the Uruguay national football team , winning the 1930 FIFA World Cup and the 1928 Summer Olympics . His brother Óscar Diego Gestido was President of Uruguay in 1967 .   Category :1907 births  Category :1930 FIFA World Cup players  Category :1957 deaths  Category : Sportspeople from Montevideo  Category : Uruguayan footballers  Category : Peñarol players  Category : Uruguay international footballers  Category : Olympic footballers of Uruguay  Category : Footballers at the 1928 Summer Olympics  Category : Olympic gold medalists for Uruguay  Category : FIFA World Cup-winning players  Category : Olympic medalists in football   Category : Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics  Category : Association football midfielders

neg: Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time .   Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 .   Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament .   On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .

neg: Football in Mexico Mexico 's most popular sport is association football . It is believed by some that football was introduced in Mexico by Cornish miners at the end of the 19th century . By 1902 a five-team league emerged with a strong English influence . Football became a professional sport in 1943 . Since then , Mexico 's top clubs have been América with 12 championships , Guadalajara with 11 , Toluca with 10 and Cruz Azul with 8 . Antonio Carbajal was the first player to appear in five World Cups , and Hugo Sánchez was named best CONCACAF player of the 20th century by IFFHS . Mexico 's biggest stadiums are Estadio Azteca , Estadio Olímpico Universitario and Estadio Jalisco . As of 2006 , it was estimated that there were over 324,000 registered players and 8,155,000 unregistered players in the country .

neg: Gustavo Fernández (Uruguayan footballer) Gustavo Daniel Fernández Figuerón ( born 16 February 1952 in Montevideo ) was a professional footballer with Uruguayan club C.A. Rentistas and was part of the Uruguayan Squad at the World Cup in Germany in 1974 . He played as a goalkeeper .

neg: Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .