query: Bentley markets luxury SUVs.

pos: Bentley Bentley Motors Limited ( -LSB- ˈbɛntli -RSB- ) is a British manufacturer and marketer of luxury cars and SUVs -- and a subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1998 .   Headquartered in Crewe , England , the company was founded as Bentley Motors Limited by W. O. Bentley in 1919 in Cricklewood , North London -- and became widely known for winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1924 , 1927 , 1928 , 1929 , 1930 , and 2003 .   Prominent models extend from the historic sports-racing Bentley 4 1/2 Litre and Bentley Speed Six ; the more recent Bentley R Type Continental , Bentley Turbo R , and Bentley Arnage ; to its current model line -- including the Continental Flying Spur , Continental GT , Bentley Bentayga and the Mulsanne -- which are marketed worldwide , with China its largest market as of November 2012 .   Today most Bentleys are assembled at the company 's Crewe factory , with a small number assembled at Volkswagen 's Dresden factory Germany , and with bodies for the Continental manufactured in Zwickau and the Bentayga manufactured at the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant .   The joining and eventual separation of Bentley and Rolls-Royce follows a series of mergers and acquisitions , beginning with the 1931 purchase by Rolls-Royce of Bentley , then in receivership . In 1971 , Rolls-Royce itself was forced into receivership and the UK government nationalised the company -- splitting into two companies the aerospace division ( Rolls-Royce Plc ) and automotive ( Rolls-Royce Motors Limited ) divisions -- the latter retaining the Bentley subdivision . Rolls-Royce Motors was subsequently sold to engineering conglomerate , Vickers and in 1998 , Vickers sold Rolls-Royce to Volkswagen AG .   Intellectual property rights to both the name Rolls-Royce as well as the company 's logo had been retained not by Rolls-Royce Motors , but by aerospace company , Rolls-Royce Plc , which had continued to license both to the automotive division . Thus the sale of `` Rolls-Royce '' to VW included the Bentley name and logos , vehicle designs , model nameplates , production and administrative facilities , the Spirit of Ecstasy and Rolls-Royce grille shape trademarks ( subsequently sold to BMW by VW ) -- but not the rights to the Rolls-Royce name or logo . The aerospace company , Rolls-Royce Plc , ultimately sold both to BMW AG .

neg: Bugatti Automobiles Ettore Bugatti was a French car manufacturer of high-performance automobiles , founded in 1909 in the then German city of Molsheim , Alsace by Italian-born Ettore Bugatti . Bugatti cars were known for their design beauty ( Ettore Bugatti was from a family of artists and considered himself to be both an artist and constructor ) and for their many race victories . Famous Bugattis include the Type 35 Grand Prix cars , the Type 41 `` Royale '' , the Type 57 `` Atlantic '' and the Type 55 sports car .   The death of Ettore Bugatti in 1947 proved to be the end for the marque , and the death of his son Jean Bugatti in 1939 ensured there was not a successor to lead the factory . No more than about 8,000 cars were made . The company struggled financially , and released one last model in the 1950s , before eventually being purchased for its airplane parts business in the 1960s .   In the 1990s , an Italian entrepreneur revived it as a builder of limited production exclusive sports cars . Today , the name is owned by German automobile manufacturing group Volkswagen .

neg: Bentley 8 Litre The Bentley 8 Litre was a luxury car based on the largest rolling chassis made by Bentley Motors Limited at Cricklewood , London . Announced 15 September 1930 , it was also the last completely new model by Bentley before the company 's financial collapse and forced sale to Rolls-Royce Limited ; a 4-Litre engine in a shortened chassis was announced on 15 May 1931 . Intended to provide the basis for a super-luxury car for very wealthy buyers , the 8 Litre chassis was introduced a year into the Great Depression . Sales of the 8-litre were too slow to turn the company 's finances around and , less than nine months after the 8-litre 's introduction , Bentley Motors was placed into receivership .

neg: Audi A8 The Audi A8 is a four-door , full-size , luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi since 1994 . Succeeding the Audi V8 , and now in its third generation , the A8 has been offered with both front - or permanent all-wheel drive -- and in short - and long-wheelbase variants . The first two generations employed the Volkswagen Group D platform , with the current generation deriving from the MLB platform . After the original model 's 1994 release , Audi released the second generation in late 2002 , and the third and current iteration in late 2009 .   Notable for being the first mass-market car with an aluminium chassis , all A8 models have used this construction method co-developed with Alcoa and marketed as the Audi Space Frame .   A mechanically-upgraded , high-performance version of the A8 debuted in 1996 as the Audi S8 . Produced exclusively at Audi 's Neckarsulm plant , unlike the donor A8 model , the S8 has been available only in short-wheelbase form and is fitted standard with Audi 's quattro all-wheel drive system .

neg: Chevrolet Impala The Chevrolet Impala -LSB- Evr@'lei_Im'pael@,_-'pa:l@ -RSB- ) is a full-size car built by Chevrolet for model years 1958 to 1985 , 1994 to 1996 , and 2000 to present . The Chevrolet Impala derived its name from the African antelope of the same name .   The Impala was Chevrolet 's most expensive passenger model through 1965 , and had become the best-selling automobile in the United States .   For its debut in 1958 , the Impala was distinguished from other models by its symmetrical triple taillights , which returned from 1960 to 1996 . The Caprice was introduced as a top-line Impala Sport Sedan for model year 1965 , later becoming a separate series positioned above the Impala in 1966 , which , in turn , remained above the Bel Air and the Biscayne . The Impala continued as Chevrolet 's most popular full-size model through the mid-1980s . Between 1994 and 1996 , the Impala was revised as a 5.7-liter V8 -- powered version of the Caprice Classic sedan .   In 2000 , the Impala was reintroduced again as a mainstream front-wheel drive Hi-Mid sedan . As of February 2014 , the 2014 Impala ranked number one among Affordable Large Cars in U.S. News & World Report 's rankings . When the current tenth generation of the Impala was introduced for the 2014 model year , the ninth generation was rebadged as the Impala Limited and sold only to fleet customers through 2016 . As of the 2015 model year , both versions are sold in the United States and Canada , with the current-generation Impala also sold in the Middle East , the People Republic of China , and South Korea .

neg: Cadillac SRX The Cadillac SRX is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV that was produced by Cadillac from 2004 to 2015 . The second generation SRX was Cadillac 's best selling model in the United States .

neg: Hotchkiss Anjou The Hotchkiss Anjou was a luxury car offered between 1950 and 1954 by the French automaker Hotchkiss . It was an updated version of the 486 and 686/866 models which had first appeared in the 1930s and inherited its engines from those cars , although their engines in turn dated back to OHC units introduced in the mid-1920s .   The car was launched in autumn 1950 , and during the first year 1,787 were produced . In 1951 the company produced a further 2,666 . The depressed state of the economy and the government 's punitive taxation policy , especially in respect of larger cars , saw to it that , at least in terms of units produced , 1951 was the car 's best year , however . 815 were produced in 1952 and only 197 in 1953 . 1953 was the last year of production , but the company was still advertising new cars for sale at least until the end of 1954 , which indicates that their financial problems may well have been exacerbated by the practice of systematically manufacturing more cars than they were selling earlier in the Anjou 's life .   The Anjou came with a large limousine-style body significantly modified when compared to its predecessors and characteristic of the times . A small number of two-door coupés were produced as well as a 2-door cabriolet , branded as the Hotchkiss Anthéor .   There was a choice of two engine sizes . Most cars were shipped with a four-cylinder ohc 2,312 cc water-cooled unit with one or , at the customer 's option , two carburettors . However , a longer-nosed version allowed space for the larger ohc six-cylinder 3,485 cc water-cooled engine that promoted the car into the stratospheric 20CV taxation class , but increased claimed maximum power from 72/75 hp to 100/125 hp , with a corresponding increase in claimed maximum speed from 130 km/h ( 81 mph ) to 145 km/h ( 90 mph ) . Sources for the power output vary , possibly according to whether the engine was fed by one or two carburettors .   Both cars were offered with so-called `` classic '' four-speed manual transmission , and the smaller-engined car was available with an optional electromagnetic `` Cotal '' gearbox , which is seen by some as a precursor to more modern automatic transmission systems , and which would also have stood out from the crowd at any time on account of its having featured four forward speeds and four reverse speeds .   In addition to the 5,465 Anjous produced , the company built about 40 of the 2-door cabriolet Anthéor models .

neg: Pontiac Bonneville Special The Pontiac Bonneville Special is a purpose-built concept car unveiled at the General Motors Motorama in 1954 , the first 2-seater sports car Pontiac had ever produced . Conceived by renowned designer Harley J. Earl and hand built by Homer C. LaGassey Jr. and Paul Gilland , the `` Special '' is a grand touring sport coupé that incorporated innovative styling like a Plexiglas canopy with gull-wing windows on a sleek fiberglass body . The name `` Bonneville '' was meant to convey high performance , inspired by a trip Earl had taken to Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah to observe speed trials there . It was the first GM vehicle to carry the name , subsequently given to the Division 's full-size performance car , the Bonneville , which carried it for 47 years .   Two `` Special '' prototypes , one painted metallic bronze and one emerald green , were built in order to unveil them simultaneously at the Grand Ballroom of the Waldorf in New York and the Pan Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles in 1954 .

neg: Anderson (automobile) The Anderson was a United States automobile ; considered the most successful automobile ever built in the Southern United States , it was manufactured by a carriage works from 1916 to 1925 in Rock Hill , South Carolina . Started by John Gary Anderson , the company sold cars through a national dealer network . The company used Continental 7R flat six engines in its vehicles , which were noted for their attractive body styles and color combinations . Andersons were the first cars to be built with headlight foot dimmers and powered convertible tops . Production reached nearly 2,000 units in 1923 and in all 7,000 vehicles were produced during the life of the company .   There are a number of reasons why the Anderson Automobile Co. faltered . According to Edward Lee , who wrote the 2007 book John Gary Anderson and His Maverick Motor Company : The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford 's Rock Hill Rival , the vehicle suffered from a defective engine . Anderson bought most of the components from other manufacturers . During the later years of production , Anderson used a Continental engine with an aluminum head and it warped at high temperatures .   Price was also an issue , Lee believes . Model T Fords were selling for as low as $ 290 the 1920s making the cars affordable to the majority of Americans . Andersons cost about $ 1,650 for a five-passenger touring car and $ 2,550 for a sedan . Anderson 's slogan was a prophetic `` A little Higher in Price but made in Dixie . ''   In addition , by the early 1920s , the economy of South Carolina and other Southern states was already in the tank , well ahead of the Great Depression , because of plummeting cotton prices following World War I.   Today , there are just 13 remaining examples of Anderson vehicles in existence . Of those Anderson cars known to exist , four are owned by the Anderson family , one is at the S.C. State Museum in Columbia and one is in the possession of the Museum of York County , where Rock Hill is located .

neg: BYD S6 BYD S6 is the first SUV model independently designed and manufactured by the China 's Shenzhen-based battery , PV and auto maker , BYD Company Ltd. . BYD S6 was shown at the Guangzhou Auto Show in late 2010 and since May 6 , 2011 when this model was first officially sold in Changsha , China , it has witnessed a vibrant growth in sales thanks to its attractive SUV exterior design and overall performance in electronic equipment and safety etc. . It became the best selling China domestic SUV in sales volume by reaching 15,000 units in December , 2011 , being awarded as `` Fastest Seller SUV '' and has been named China 's `` SUV of the Year '' according to the Annual Ranking of Chinese Automobiles -- the highest honor in the China Automotive Industry .

neg: Toyota Brevis The Toyota Brevis is a former mid-sized luxury sedan introduced in May 2001 , that was sold only in Japan .   Sales started in June , 2001 . The Brevis was produced for seven years before being discontinued in 2007 , with no replacement . The Brevis was exclusive to Toyota Japan dealerships Toyota Store , while its twin the Toyota Progrès was exclusive to Toyopet Store locations .   The word `` brevis '' is Latin for `` brief , a short amount of time or duration '' .

neg: Chrysler Sebring The Chrysler Sebring ( -LSB- ˈsiːbrɪŋ -RSB- ) is a line of mid-size luxury automobiles that was sold from 1995 through 2010 by Chrysler . Three generations of convertibles , two generations of sedans , and two generations of coupes were produced . Although the coupe shared the same name and some styling cues , it was mechanically unrelated to the other Sebring models .   The Sebring line was introduced in 1995 with the Chrysler Sebring coupe . It was the replacement for the Chrysler LeBaron coupe . In 1996 the convertible was introduced , replacing its LeBaron counterpart as well . For 2001 , both body styles were redesigned and a sedan version was now offered . The sedan replaced the Chrysler Cirrus . The coupe was discontinued after 2005 with no replacement model planned .   The redesigned sedan was introduced for 2007 , but the convertible version was not introduced until 2008 . This generation added a couple new options including all-wheel drive on sedan models and a hardtop option for the convertible . All Sebring models were replaced by the Chrysler 200 for the 2011 model year .   __ TOC __

neg: Australian Saloon Car Series The Australian Super Six Touring Car Series , known originally as the Australian Saloon Car Series , is an Australian motor racing series for drivers of Group 3K Saloon Cars . The Saloon Car category was devised as a low cost amateur sedan racing formula which would potentially replace the ageing HQ Holden category . The original regulations were focused around large Australian sedans of early 1990s vintage with eligibility limited to VN and VP series Holden Commodores and the EA and EB series Ford Falcons . The regulations limited the cars to six cylinder versions rather than the V8 engined models , as the latter might make the category too similar to Commodore Cup . The cars are slightly modified from their road going versions , with an emphasis on safety for racing .   The Saloon Car category made its debut at the 2000 Adelaide 500 meeting in what was the first round of a three round series . The annual series was officially sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport from 2002 and state level series have also evolved in New South Wales , Victoria , Queensland , South Australia and Western Australia . The category has been particularly successful in Western Australia .   The first major change in the category regulations saw an update in vehicle eligibility for the 2006 season with the Holden VT Commodore and the Ford AU Falcon models added to the field . The newer models proved instantly more competitive and the older cars soon slipped down the field and were relegated to class results or state level series .   In the same year the series was granted `` National Championship '' status by the CAMS and officially became the Australian Saloon Car Championship . After a second year as a Championship in 2007 it reverted to its `` National Series '' status for 2008 . In 2014 the series was rebranded under the title of Australian Super Six Touring Car Series .   The category 's most successful driver has been Bruce Heinrich who has won the national series five times , including the two Australian Saloon Car Championship titles .

neg: Packard Executive The Packard Executive was an automobile produced by the Packard-Clipper Division of the Studebaker-Packard Corporation in 1956 .   The Packard Executive was introduced on March 5 , 1956 to fill a perceived price gap between the prestige Packard line and the new Clipper marque , which was in its first year as a separate marque . In previous years , Clipper models had been Packards . The most expensive Clipper , the Clipper Custom , listed at $ 3,065 for the 4-door sedan . The Packard Executive sedan retailed for $ 3,465 , the Executive 2-door coupe $ 3,560 , while the top-of-the-line Patrician sedan sold for $ 4,160 .   The Executive was marketed with the invitation to `` enter the luxury car class now -- at a modest investment , '' and was aimed at `` the young man on the way up . ''   Effectively , the Packard Executive replaced the entire Clipper Custom line of vehicles , as production of the Customs was ended once the Executive was announced .   The Executive was created by combining the Clipper Custom 's body , complete with its distinctive tail light design , and installing the front fenders , hood , and radiator grille assembly of the senior Packard models . It also used the Clipper Custom 's 122 in wheelbase and its 352 CID 275 hp overhead valve V8 engine . This contrasted with the engine used by the rest of the 1956 Packard models , which displaced 374 CID and developed 295 hp ( 310 hp for the Caribbean ) .   Beyond the senior Packard grille and front end sheet metal , Executives were further distinguished from the Clipper line by a unique side trim design that made reference to the senior Packards , and allowed for two-toned paint schemes . However , the interior appointments and instrumentation were pure Clipper . The prototypes produced for the all-new 1957 Packard and Clipper lines show an all-new Executive that would become a baseline Packard . All 1957 Clippers would have an all-new body which shared many inner panels with the all-new large Studebaker . Body panel sharing was the new plan for Studebaker-Packard models . Unfortunately the Insurance Companies would not finance the ambitious plan , and SPC was forced to retrench and ended up sharing body panels with the midsize Studebaker models . There was a 1957 Clipper , the last year to carry that name . Originally , the plan was to call the 1957 model an Executive . It was hoped to be a bridge car until an all-new big Packard could be introduced . See Facel-Vega for a 1959 proposal for a rebadged Packard .   Executives received their own series designation of 5670 . It was offered in two body styles ; a two-door hardtop ( model 5677 ) , and a four-door Touring Sedan ( model 5672 ) .   Although the Executive sold as fast as it was produced , it was not enough to substantially improve the financial picture for the Packard-Clipper Division . Even as the Executive was being announced , the media had already been reporting of sales and fiscal woes at the Studebaker-Packard Corporation , and rumors were flying the Packard marque might be discontinued . These rumors weighed heavily on the company 's efforts to sell any of its products . Buyers did not wish to be stuck with a so-called `` orphan '' car , where spare parts would no longer be available from a dealer , and resale values would be negatively impacted .   During the Executive 's shortened model year of March through June , Packard built a total of 2,779 Executives -- 1,031 two-door hardtops and 1,748 four-door sedans .   All Detroit production of Packard and Clipper models ceased 25 June 1956 with the shuttering of the Conner Avenue assembly plant . The Packard name was continued for the 1957 and 1958 model years on products based on Studebaker platforms , built on the same assembly lines in South Bend , Indiana as the Studebaker models .

neg: Mercedes-Benz G-Class The Mercedes-Benz G-Class , sometimes called G-Wagen ( short for Geländewagen , `` cross country vehicle '' ) , is a mid-size four-wheel drive luxury SUV manufactured by Magna Steyr ( formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch ) in Austria and sold by Mercedes-Benz . In certain markets , it has been sold under the Puch name as Puch G . The G-wagen is characterized by its boxy styling and body-on-frame construction . It uses three fully locking differentials , one of the few vehicles to have such a feature . Despite the introduction of an intended replacement , the unibody SUV Mercedes-Benz GL-Class in 2006 , the G-Class is still in production and is one of the longest produced Mercedes-Benz in Daimler 's history , with a span of 35 years . Only the Unimog surpasses it .   The G-class was developed as a military vehicle from a suggestion by the Shah of Iran ( at the time a significant Mercedes shareholder ) to Mercedes and offered as a civilian version in 1979 . In this role it is sometimes referred to as the `` Wolf '' and LAPV Enok . The Peugeot P4 is a variant made under license , with a Peugeot engine and different parts .   It was not available from Mercedes-Benz in the United States until 2002 , although this was preceded by a grey-market where even basic models commanded six-figure prices in the 1990s . It was launched in 2002 as the Mercedes-Benz G500 with a V-8 gas engine and achieved 3114 sales that year . This eventually tapered down to some sub-1000 sales years , however , in the 2010s sales began to increase again surpassing 3000 in 2014 and in 2015 it sold more than in its launch year , with 3616 sold that year . In 2016 this increased to 3950 in the United States . Canada saw a similar increase , which , although is a smaller market saw sales increase from 127 in 2012 to over 400 in 2016 .

neg: Hyundai Santa Fe The Hyundai Santa Fe is a sport utility vehicle ( SUV ) produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai since 2000 . It is named after the city of Santa Fe , New Mexico , and was introduced for the 2001 model year as Hyundai 's first SUV , released at the same time as the Ford Escape and Pontiac Aztek . The Santa Fe was a milestone in the company 's restructuring program of the late 1990s because , despite receiving criticism from journalists for its obscure looks , the SUV was a hit with American buyers . The SUV was so popular that at times , Hyundai had trouble supplying the demand . The Santa Fe quickly became Hyundai 's best seller and contributed to Hyundai 's success in the United States . As of 2007 , the Santa Fe falls between the slightly smaller compact crossover Tucson and the larger , yet related luxury crossover SUV Veracruz ( which replaced the Terracan ) .   The second generation Hyundai Santa Fe was awarded 2008 Consumer Reports `` top pick '' and was among the top 10 vehicles for 2008 unveiled in the magazine 's issue . The magazine 's annual ratings , based on road tests and predicted safety and reliability , are considered highly influential among consumers .   In 2012 , the third generation Santa Fe became available in two versions ( regular and extended versions ) , with the ( five-seater ) Sport in September 2012 and the extended long wheel base model which replaced the Veracruz , available at showrooms in November 2012 .

neg: Bentley State Limousine The Bentley State Limousine is an official state car created by Bentley for Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of her Golden Jubilee in 2002 .

neg: Automobile handling Automobile handling and vehicle handling are descriptions of the way a wheeled vehicle responds and reacts to the inputs of a driver , as well as how it moves along a track or road . It is commonly judged by how a vehicle performs particularly during cornering , acceleration , and braking as well as on the vehicle 's directional stability when moving in steady state condition .   In the automotive industry , handling and braking are the major components of a vehicle 's `` active '' safety , as well as its ability to perform in Auto Racing . The maximum lateral acceleration is sometimes discussed separately as `` road holding '' . ( This discussion is directed at road vehicles with at least three wheels , but some of it may apply to other ground vehicles ) . Automobiles driven on public roads whose engineering requirements emphasize handling over comfort and passenger space are named sports cars .

neg: Lexus ES The Lexus ES ( Japanese : レクサス ・ ES , Rekusasu ES ) is a series of compact , then mid-size , and later executive car sold by Lexus since 1989 . Six generations of the sedan have been introduced to date , each offering V6 engines and the front-engine , front-wheel-drive layout . The first five generations of the ES were built on the Toyota Camry platform , with the sixth generation more closely related to the Avalon . Manual transmissions were offered until 1993 , a lower-displacement inline-four engine became an option in Asian markets in 2010 , and a gasoline-electric hybrid version was introduced in 2012 . The ES was Lexus ' only front-wheel drive vehicle until 1998 , when the related Lexus RX was introduced , and the sedan occupied the entry-level luxury car segment of the Lexus lineup in North America and other regions until the debut of the Lexus IS in 1999 . The ES name stands for `` Executive Sedan '' . However , some Lexus importers use the backronymic name , `` Elegant Sedan '' .   Introduced in 1989 , the first-generation ES 250 was one of two vehicles in Lexus ' debut lineup , the other being the flagship LS 400 . The second-generation ES 300 debuted in 1991 , followed by the third-generation ES 300 in 1996 , and the fourth-generation ES 300/330 in 2001 . The first - through fourth-generation sedans shared body styling elements with Japan-market Toyota sedans , and a domestic market equivalent , the Toyota Windom , was sold until the launch of the fifth-generation ES in 2006 . The word `` Windom '' is a combination of `` win '' and the suffix `` dom '' expresses a state of perpetual victory . The fifth-generation ES , featuring Lexus ' own L-finesse body styling , debuted in early 2006 as a 2007 model . The sixth-generation ES debuted in the first half of 2012 as a 2013 model , and features increased cabin dimensions due to a longer wheelbase which is shared with the full-size Toyota Avalon .   Lexus has positioned the ES in the comfort luxury segment , with an emphasis on interior amenities , quietness , and ride quality , in contrast with more firm-riding sport sedans . Buyers seeking more performance-focused models are targeted by the Lexus IS and rival makes , with such models offering a sportier drive with differently tuned suspensions . In Europe , Japan , and other markets where it is not available , the Lexus GS sport sedans occupy the mid-size category in the Lexus lineup . In the United States , the Lexus ES has been the best-selling Lexus sedan for over fifteen years .  __ TOC __

neg: B-segment B-segment ( or small cars ) is a car classification defined by the European Commission as larger than cars in the A-segment and smaller than those in the C-segment .   Positioned between the A-segment ( city cars ) and C-segment ( medium cars ) , they are nippy enough for city driving and high MPG ratings while having more space for luggage and passengers . During the mid to late 20th century , these cars were generally the smallest sized for most manufacturers , but as a higher demand for economical models began to raise , most of them have now been placed as the second smallest .   Typical B-segment cars include the Alfa Romeo MiTo , Citroën C3 , Dacia Sandero , Ford Fiesta , Mazda Demio , Fiat Punto , Opel Corsa , Peugeot 208 , Honda Fit , Hyundai i20 , Renault Clio , Renault Zoe , Toyota Yaris , Kia Pride , Volkswagen Polo , Seat Ibiza , Nissan Micra , Mitsubishi Attrage , Dacia Logan , Škoda Fabia .

neg: Cadillac CTS-V The Cadillac CTS-V is a high-performance version of the Cadillac CTS . The CTS-V series includes three body styles , all of which feature a pushrod OHV V-8 engine and a sport-tuned suspension . The four-door CTS-V sedan was introduced in 2004 , and the CTS-V sport wagon and coupe were introduced in 2010 for the 2011 model year . The sedan competes in the North American consumer market against other high-performance luxury sedans and `` echoes '' their quality but is a more affordable option than competitors as the Audi RS6 , BMW M5 , and Mercedes E63 AMG .


query: Black Sabbath formed in Ireland.

pos: Black Sabbath Black Sabbath were an English rock band , formed in Birmingham in 1968 , by guitarist and main songwriter Tony Iommi , bassist and main lyricist Geezer Butler , singer Ozzy Osbourne , and drummer Bill Ward . The band experienced multiple line-up changes , with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history . Originally formed as a blues rock band , the group soon adopted the Black Sabbath moniker and began incorporating occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics and tuned-down guitars . They also composed songs about social instability , political corruption and drugs .   Osbourne 's regular use of alcohol and other drugs led to his dismissal from the band in 1979 . He was replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Ronnie James Dio . Following two albums with Dio , Black Sabbath endured many personnel changes in the 1980s and 1990s that included vocalists Ian Gillan , Glenn Hughes , Ray Gillen and Tony Martin , as well as several drummers and bassists . In 1992 , Iommi and Butler rejoined Dio and drummer Vinny Appice to record Dehumanizer . The original line-up reunited with Osbourne in 1997 and released a live album Reunion . Black Sabbath 's final studio album and nineteenth overall , 13 ( 2013 ) , features all of the original members but Ward , who left the band prior to the recording sessions due to a contract dispute . A year after embarking on a farewell tour , the band played their final concert in their home city of Birmingham on 4 February 2017 , after which they broke up . Iommi has stated , however , that he has not ruled out the possibility of new material or one-off shows under the Black Sabbath name .   Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music . The band helped define the genre with releases such as Black Sabbath ( 1970 ) , Paranoid ( 1970 ) and Master of Reality ( 1971 ) . They were ranked by MTV as the `` Greatest Metal Band '' of all time , and placed second in VH1 's `` 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock '' list . Rolling Stone magazine ranked them number 85 in their `` 100 Greatest Artists of All Time '' . They have sold over 70 million records worldwide . Black Sabbath were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2006 . They have also won two Grammy Awards for Best Metal Performance .

pos: Birmingham Birmingham ( -LSB- ˈbɜːmɪŋəm -RSB- ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands , England . It is the largest and most populous British city outside London , with a population of 1,101,360 in 2014 .   A medium-sized market town in the medieval period , Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution , which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide advances in science , technology , and economic development , producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society . By 1791 it was being hailed as `` the first manufacturing town in the world '' . Birmingham 's distinctive economic profile , with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades , encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century . Perhaps the most important invention in British history , the industrial steam engine , was invented in Birmingham . Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism , that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London , and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy . From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943 , Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz . The damage done to the city 's infrastructure , in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners , led to extensive demolition and redevelopment in subsequent decades .   Today Birmingham 's economy is dominated by the service sector . The city is a major international commercial centre , ranked as a gamma + world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ; and an important transport , retail , events and conference hub . Its metropolitan economy is the second largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $ 121.1 bn ( 2014 ) , and its six universities make it the largest centre of higher education in the country outside London . Birmingham 's major cultural institutions -- including the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra , the Birmingham Royal Ballet , the Birmingham Repertory Theatre , the Library of Birmingham and the Barber Institute of Fine Arts -- enjoy international reputations , and the city has vibrant and influential grassroots art , music , literary and culinary scenes . Birmingham is the fourth-most visited city in the UK by foreign visitors .   Birmingham 's sporting heritage can be felt worldwide , with the concept of the Football League and lawn tennis both originating from the city . Its most successful football club Aston Villa has won seven league titles and one European Cup with the other professional club being Birmingham City .   People from Birmingham are called Brummies , a term derived from the city 's nickname of Brum . This originates from the city 's dialect name , Brummagem , which may in turn have been derived from one of the city 's earlier names , Bromwicham . There is a distinctive Brummie accent and dialect .

neg: Inside Black Sabbath – 1970–1992 Black Sabbath - 1970-1992 is a video by heavy metal band Black Sabbath .

neg: Aidhne Aidhne , also known as Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne , Maigh Aidhne / Maigh nAidhne ( `` Plain ( of ) Aidhne '' ) , was the territory of the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne , a tuath ( tribal kingdom ) located in the south of what is now County Galway in the south of Connacht , Ireland . Aidhne is coextensive with the present diocese of Kilmacduagh . The territory of Aidhne is bounded on the west by Loch Lurgain ( Galway Bay ) and the barony of Burren in County Clare in the province of Munster . County Clare also bounds Aidhne on its south and south-east side . Aidhne is bounded on the east by the low mountains of Sliabh Echtghe / Slieve Aughty , which separate Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne from the territory of Uí Mhaine in eastern County Galway . On the north-east Aidhne is bounded by the plains of Uí Mhaine and on the north by Maigh Mucruimhe ( the area around Athenry ) . On the north-west Aidhne is bounded by the parish of Meadhraighe / Maree ( Ballynacourty ) which is in the territory of Uí Bhriúin Seola .   In placename lore the kingdom took its name from the mythological Aidhne , one of the ten daughters of Partholon by his first wife , Topha . Aidhne was married to Breac .   In a later age , a branch of the Fir Bolg made Aidhne their home . Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh 's Book of Genealogies states that the Tuath mhac nUmhoir -LSB- settled in -RSB- in Dál gCais and in Uí Fhiachrach of Aidhne . Their leader is given as Conall Caol , son of Aonghus mac Úmhór . Connall was killed at the Battle of Maigh Mucruimhe in 195 AD , and his body brought back to Aidhne where it was interred at a leacht called Carn Connell ( itself the site of a major battle some centuries later ) .   The territory of Uí Fhiachrach Aidhne is coextensive with the diocese of Cill Mhic Dhuach / Kilmacduagh , which contains the civil parishes of Kinvarradoorus , Killinny , Killeenavarra , Drumacoo , Kilcolgan , Ardrahan , Stradbally , Killeeneen , Killeely , Killora , Killogilleen , Kilchreest , Isertkelly , Killinan , Kilthomas , Kilbeacanty , Beagh , Kilmacduagh , Kiltartan . The diocese of Kilmacduagh contains the present Catholic parishes of Kinvara , Ballinderreen , Gort , Ardrahan , Craughwell , Beagh , Kilbeacanty , Kilthomas ( Peterswell ) , Clarinbridge , Kilchreest .

neg: Tin Pot Operation Tin Pot Operation or TPO are an indie-punk band originally from Belfast , Northern Ireland , where they have a large local following .   They are notorious for the political content of their music with songs about racism , media manipulation and war and so on .   The band have also played support to The Stranglers , Aslan ( rock band ) and Duke Special and , most recently , were picked by The Damned to play as part of their Twisted Cabaret show in Belfast .   They have released a fourteen track album entitled Manufacturing Dissent ( 2005 ) and a 6-track EP called Here ! It 's the Tin Pot Operation. , along with a stand-alone single `` Blackeye '' in December 2006 .   The band were featured as part of a documentary on the music of Northern Ireland following The Troubles They are noted as being one of the few non-traditional bands to actively write and perform in the Irish Language . They have appeared live on BBC 2 Northern Ireland 's Irish Language music show , An Stuif Ceart , and reached the final of the Irish Language band competition , `` Deis Roc '' , judged by Horslips member Jim Lockhart . They appeared alongside Foy Vance , David Holmes and Ocean Colour Scene at the 2008 New Year 's Eve celebrations in Belfast .   The political content of their music has also seen them listed at The Centre for Political Song at Glasgow Caledonian University .   The band have released Human Resources on the band 's own record label `` Nought Percent Records '' ( a play on the fact that it was funded with a `` 0 % for 6 months '' credit card deal ) . The first single from the new album was `` Sitting There '' , which was released as a free download . The album was initially released in download only form in March 2009 .

neg: Cross Purposes Cross Purposes is the seventeenth studio album by English rock band Black Sabbath , released in January 1994 .

neg: Orchid (heavy metal band) Orchid are an American heavy metal band founded in San Francisco , California in 2007 . The band consists of Theo Mindell ( vocals , synthesizer , percussion ) , Mark Thomas Baker ( guitar ) , Keith Nickel ( bass guitar ) and Ted Cox ( drums ) . They are named after the Black Sabbath song of the same name .

neg: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 The United Kingdom held a national preselection to choose the song that would go to the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 . A Song for Europe 1979 was planned to take place at the Royal Albert Hall in London on 8 March .   After a day 's rehearsals at the Royal Albert Hall a strike by BBC technicians stopped the show . Audio recordings of the songs were voted on by 14 regional juries : Bristol , Bangor , Leeds , Norwich , Newcastle , Aberdeen , Birmingham , Belfast , Cardiff , Plymouth , Glasgow , Southampton and London . The jury in Manchester could not be contacted and since the winner had a more than 12 point winning margin , their scores were not included . This led to an immaterial tie for second place . The following day , the 12 songs were broadcast on Terry Wogan 's Radio 2 show and a recap of the top places , plus an interview with the winners took place on the BBC TV Show Nationwide the same evening . The Manchester scores were eventually verified , with song 12 ` Fantasy ' being awarded 2nd place ahead of song 6 ` Call My Name ' .   Black Lace were the winners of A Song for Europe with `` Mary Ann '' and went on to place 7th at the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest in Jerusalem , Israel .   This was also the first Eurovision since 1972 in which Terry Wogan did not provide either the television or radio commentary . Wogan had originally been scheduled to provide the television commentary but opted out of going to Israel following comments he made of the 1978 winner `` A-Ba-Ni-Bi '' sounding like `` I Wan na Be a Polar Bear '' . Instead his Radio 2 colleague John Dunn provided the television commentary . Ray Moore provided the radio commentary on both BBC Radio 1 and Radio 2 .

neg: Harvest Time Blues Harvest Time Blues ( also referred to as the Monaghan Rhythm and Blues Festival ) is an annual music festival held in Monaghan town , in Ireland . Since its launch in 1990 , it has become one of the `` one of Ireland 's leading live music festivals '' . Several noted performers have appeared at the festival , including Van Morrison , Peter Green of Fleetwood Mac , and ex-Rolling Stones guitarist Mick Taylor .

neg: Black Tusk (band) Black Tusk ( often written as Blacktusk ) is an American heavy metal power trio from Savannah , Georgia . The band was formed in 2005 , when its members were all living on the same street . With the dissolution of Andrew Fidler 's ( guitar , vocals ) and Jonathan Athon 's ( bass , vocals ) crust punk band and James May 's ( drums , vocals ) street punk band , Andrew and Athon went down the street to James ' house and asked him if he wanted to play with them . During the next few days they jammed continuously , and within a few months they had recorded the EP When Kingdoms Fall , which was released on Wrecked Signal . Two years later the band self-released their first full-length studio album , The Fallen Kingdom , followed by another a year later with Passage Through Purgatory , released through the local label Hyperrealist Records . In 2009 , Black Tusk released a series of split albums with bands such as ASG , The Holy Mountain , and Fight Amp , before sign to Relapse Records in November . The band released its debut for Relapse , Taste the Sin , in May 2010 .   Black Tusk is mostly associated with Baroness and Kylesa , for their shared hometown of Savannah , as well as for their sludge metal sound . The band is linked to Baroness ' guitarist and vocalist John Dyer Baizley , who is also a painter and creates all of Black Tusk 's artwork . Black Tusk 's members describe their music as `` swamp metal , '' a term that has been described by Allmusic as `` the murkiest , dirtiest sludge to come out of Savannah since Kylesa '' . The term is a reference to the climate of Savannah in relation to the music that the band create . Reviewing the album , Taste the Sin , Pitchfork Media stated that the band 's blend of hardcore punk and stoner metal `` works to capitalize on the immediacy of its chosen genres and not to bend them into obscurity . '' Black Tusk acknowledges its punk rock origins , but prefer not to cite a list of bands that influence them because they feel that it is ineffective since they are not `` trying to emulate any one band 's style or any one genre 's sound . ''   On November 9 , 2014 , band member Jonathan Athon died due to injuries sustained from a motorcycle accident . He was placed in a medically-induced coma and , per his wishes , was pulled from life support after it was determined that he had irreparable brain damage .   On December 10 , 2014 , the band confirmed they would be touring with Black Label Society in early 2015 , with Corey Barhorst filling in on bass duties , as well as confirmed they finished the recording of their next album prior to the death of Jonathan .

neg: The Joshua Tree The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2 . It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno , and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records . In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release , The Unforgettable Fire , the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on The Joshua Tree . The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music , and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery , it contrasts the group 's antipathy for the `` real America '' with their fascination with the `` mythical America '' .   Inspired by American tour experiences , literature , and politics , U2 chose America as a theme for the record . Recording began in January 1986 in Ireland , and to foster a relaxed , creative atmosphere , the group primarily recorded in two houses . Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album , including the band 's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International , the death of roadie Greg Carroll , and lead vocalist Bono 's travels to Central America . Recording was completed in November 1986 ; additional production continued into January 1987 . Throughout the sessions , U2 sought a `` cinematic '' quality for the record , one that would evoke a sense of location , in particular , the open spaces of the United States . They represented this in the sleeve photography depicting them in American desert landscapes .   The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim , topped the charts in over 20 countries , and became the fastest-selling album in British history . According to Rolling Stone , the album increased the band 's stature `` from heroes to superstars '' . It produced the hit singles `` With or Without You '' , `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' , and `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' , the first two of which became the group 's only number-one singles in the US . The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988 . The group supported the record with the Joshua Tree Tour throughout 1987 .   Frequently featured on critics ' lists of the greatest records , The Joshua Tree is one of the world 's best-selling albums , with over 25 million copies sold . U2 commemorated the record 's 20th anniversary with a remastered re-release , and its 30th anniversary with announcements of an anniversary concert tour and reissue . In 2014 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the US Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry .

neg: Stadium Ireland Stadium Ireland ( commonly referred as the ` Bertie Bowl ' ) was the name of a proposed government built sports stadium in Abbotstown , Dublin , Ireland . It was called `` the Bertie Bowl '' because of its close association with the then Taoiseach , Bertie Ahern .   The stadium would have served as the national stadium and would have hosted home games for the Republic of Ireland national football team and Ireland national rugby union team . The stadium was planned to hold 75,000 and was central to Ireland 's joint bid with Scotland to host UEFA Euro 2008 .   The project was eventually abandoned because of spiralling costs and waning support . Government backing was instead given to the redevelopment of Lansdowne Road into Aviva Stadium .

neg: Ulster Protestant Action Ulster Protestant Action ( UPA ) was an Ulster loyalist and Protestant fundamentalist vigilante group in Northern Ireland .   The group was founded at a special meeting at the Ulster Unionist Party 's ( UUP ) offices in Glengall Street , Belfast , in 1956 . Among the attendees were many loyalists who were to become major figures in the 1960s and 1970 , such as Ian Paisley and Desmond Boal . The independent unionist MP Norman Porter also attended , but took no further part in the group .  The meeting 's declared purpose was to organise the defence of Ulster Protestant areas against anticipated Irish Republican Army ( IRA ) activity , based on the old Ulster Protestant Association immediately after the partition of Ireland in 1920 , who organised assassination missions into Catholic areas of Belfast . The new body decided to call itself `` Ulster Protestant Action '' , and the first year of its existence was taken up with the discussion of vigilante patrols , street barricades , and drawing up lists of IRA suspects in both Belfast and in rural areas .   The initial executive of the UPA consisted of John McQuade , Billy Spence , Charles McCullough , Richard Fenton , Frank Millar , Sammy Verner , Herbert Ditty , Bob Newman and Noel Doherty , with Paisley as an ex officio member .   Even though no IRA threat materialised in Belfast , and despite it becoming clear that the IRA 's activities during the Border Campaign were to be limited to the border areas , Ulster Protestant Action remained in being . Factory and workplace branches were formed under the UPA , including one by Paisley in Belfast 's Ravenhill area under his direct control . The concern of the UPA increasingly came to focus on the defence of `` Bible Protestantism '' and Protestant interests where jobs and housing were concerned .   Although initially opposed to professional politicians , specifically banning them from membership of the group , the UPA stood the former Belfast City Councillor and superintendent of an independent gospel mission , Albert Duff , against Brian Maginess in Iveagh at the Northern Ireland general election , 1958 . Maginess was perceived as being sympathetic to Catholics , having banned an Orange Order parade in 1952 , and Duff was able to take 41.5 % of the vote , although he failed to win the seat . Duff was more successful in May 1958 , when he regained a seat on Belfast City Council , with Charles McCullough also taking a seat for the UPA , while , in 1960 , Boal won the Belfast Shankill constituency at Stormont as an official UUP candidate .   As Paisley came to dominate Ulster Protestant Action , he received his first convictions for public order offences . In June 1959 , a major riot occurred on the Shankill Road in Belfast following a rally he had spoken at . His moves to form a Protestant unionist political party caused tensions in the group , and Paisley 's supporters formed their own `` Premier '' branch of the UPA , reinforcing their control of the group .   In the 1960s , Paisley and the UPA campaigned against Prime Minister of Northern Ireland Terence O'Neill 's rapprochement with the Republic of Ireland and his meetings with Taoiseach of the Republic , Seán Lemass , a veteran of the Easter Rising of 1916 and the anti-Treaty IRA . They opposed efforts by O'Neill to deliver civil rights to the Catholic minority in Northern Ireland , especially the proposed abolition of gerrymandering of local electoral areas for the election of urban and county councils . In 1964 his demand that the Royal Ulster Constabulary remove an Irish Tricolour from Sinn Féin 's Belfast offices led to two days of rioting after this was followed through . In the aftermath of these protests , Duff and James McCarroll were elected to Belfast City Council for the UPA . In 1966 , the group reformed as the Protestant Unionist Party .

neg: The Evangelists (band) The Evangelists are an Irish rock band from Donegal ( Ireland ) and Derry . ( Northern Ireland ) .   They initially got together in 2000 after Eamonn McColgan ( vocals ) , Liam Gorry ( guitar ) and Eoghan Holland ( bass ) were studying a BTEC National Diploma in Popular Music . They teamed up with the first Evangelists drummer Michael Lynch shortly after .   Their first EP , entitled `` Hey Presto ! '' , contained five tracks . It was recorded from The Nerve Centre practice rooms by Paul Sayers as part of the Gasyard Wall Feile 2000 Radio station .   In February 2001 , Michael Lynch departed the band and was replaced by Craig Hawthorne , who was also studying at the same college . The same year , they recorded `` If It Flies It Dies '' in the N.W.I.F.H.E. Studios in The City Factory in Derry . It was engineered by two Italians and the band themselves . They were included in a French documentary about the Irish music scene .   In 2002 , the band approached Blast Furnace to record their first professionally recorded sessions . The result produced the six track `` This is a Real Rabbit '' .   The Evangelists song `` Community Love Song '' was included in the BelFEST 2002 compilation CD released on Creeping Herb Records .  Guitarist Gorry performed with The Dangerfields at a handful of shows in 2003 .   Their 12-track début album Muff Against Bush was launched in late 2005 .   In early 2006 , Craig Hawthorne was relieved of drumming duties and was replaced by Brian Doherty but returned again in early 2010 .   Over the years they have played hundreds of shows in Ireland and the UK . They have previously supported The Undertones , Electric 6 , Electric Eel Shock , Bad Manners , The Damned and Therapy ? . The Evangelists played on the I.M.R.O. Showcase Tour in May 2006 .   The ostentatious and sometimes downright strange band have been described as `` one of the most entertaining , energetic and exciting bands to emerge from the North West in a decade '' ( Derry Journal ) and `` very raw and very entertaining '' by the late Radio 1 presenter John Peel .   In 2009 , The Evangelists substantially reduced the amount of live performances .

neg: Mag Mell In Irish mythology , Mag Mell ( modern spelling : Magh Meall , meaning `` plain of joy '' ) was a mythical realm achievable through death and/or glory . Unlike the underworld in some mythologies , Mag Mell was a pleasurable paradise , identified as either an island far to the west of Ireland or a kingdom beneath the ocean . However , Mag Mell was similar to the fields of Elysium in Greek mythology , and like the fields of Elysium , was accessible only to a select few . Furthermore , Mag Mell , like the numerous other mystical islands said to be off the coast of Ireland , was never explicitly stated in any surviving mythological account to be an afterlife . Rather , it is usually portrayed as a paradisal location populated by deities , which is occasionally visited by some adventurous mortals . In its island guise it was visited by various Irish heroes and monks forming the basis of the Adventure Myth or `` echtrae '' as defined by Myles Dillon in his book Early Irish Literature . This otherworld is a place where sickness and death do not exist . It is a place of eternal youth and beauty . Here , music , strength , life and all pleasurable pursuits come together in a single place . Here happiness lasts forever , no one wants for food or drink . It is the Irish equivalent of the Greek Elysium or the Valhalla of the Norse .   Legends say its ruler is the Fomorian King Tethra , or more frequently Manannan mac Lir . Mag Mell 's allure extended from the pagan era to Christian times . In later stories , the realm is less an afterlife destination than an Earthly Paradise which adventurers could reach by traveling west from Ireland , often blown off course by providential tempests while on an inspired mission . They typically explore many other fantastic islands before reaching their destination and returning home ( or sailing on ) . Among these voyagers are St. Brendan , Bran mac Febal ( see The Voyage of Bran ) , and Mael Dúin .   Irish monks , being celebrated sailors , doubtless inspired such stories and were inspired by them . They reached and colonized any number of faraway islands , and St. Brendan is even speculated to have reached the New World a thousand years before Columbus .

neg: History of Belfast The history of Belfast as a settlement goes back to the Iron Age , but its status as a major urban centre dates to the 18th century . Belfast today is the capital of Northern Ireland . Belfast was throughout its modern history a major commercial and industrial centre , but the late 20th century saw a decline in its traditional industries , particularly shipbuilding . The city 's history has been marked by violent conflict between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants which has caused many working class areas of the city to be split into Catholic and Protestant areas . In recent years the city has been relatively peaceful and major redevelopment has occurred , especially in the inner city and dock areas .

neg: Seven Nations (band) Seven Nations is a Celtic rock band that formed in New York City in 1993 . The name comes from the seven Celtic nations , including Scotland , Ireland , Wales , Brittany , Cornwall , the Isle of Man , and Galicia . The band tours extensively and has played in many diverse venues , from small bars to concert halls .

neg: Cèilidh A cèilidh ( -LSB- ˈkʲʰeːli -RSB- ) or céilí ( -LSB- ˈceːlʲiː -RSB- ) is a traditional Scottish or Irish social gathering . In its most basic form , it simply means a social visit . In contemporary usage , it usually involves playing Gaelic folk music and dancing , either at a house party or a larger concert at a social hall or other community gathering place .   Cèilidhean ( plural of cèilidh ) and Céilithe ( plural of céilí ) originated in the Gaelic areas of Scotland and Ireland and are consequently common in the Scottish and Irish diasporas . They are similar to the Troyl and Twmpath traditions in Cornwall and Wales , as well as English country dances throughout England where they have in some areas undergone a fusion with céilithe . In Scottish Gaelic it is spelled cèilidh ( -LSB- ˈkʲʰeːli -RSB- ) , and in Irish it is spelled céilí ( -LSB- ˈceːlʲiː -RSB- ) .

neg: Rodger Bain Rodger Bain ( born c. 1945 ) is a British former record producer , known for producing heavy metal albums by bands such as Black Sabbath , Budgie and Judas Priest in the 1970s .

neg: Lough Gowna Lough Gowna is a fresh water lake which is the uppermost lake on the River Erne . It is located on the border between County Longford and County Cavan , with the largest part of the lake being in County Longford .   Lough Gowna is a moraine-dammed lake formed at the end of the last glaciation , and owes its complex indented shape to the underlying drumlin landscape . This results in a large number of bays and inlets on the lake , often connected by narrow channels . The river Erne enters the system in a western direction into the easternmost part of the lake ( locally known as Derries Lough ) and exits northward through County Cavan . However , the damming caused by the moraines that gave rise to the lake result in large bodies of water to the north-west and south-west which form the bulk of the area of the lake . A number of other small rivers also flow into the lake . The county border runs through the north-western part of the lake , and then turns eastwards , with the western and southern parts of the lake being in Longford and the north-eastern parts being in Cavan .   The north-western and south-western portions of the lake are connected by a narrow channel at Dernaferst ( a townland on the western ( Longford ) shore of the lake , but which is in County Cavan ) . The northern and eastern shores of the lake are surrounded by peat bog , with areas of planted woodland along the southern shores of the lake in former demesnes in the townlands of Derrycassan and Culray . The lake is considered to be an important site for wintering wildfowl .   The lake contains one large island in the south-western part , Inchmore ( Inis Mór in Irish , meaning `` Big island '' ) , which was the site of a monastery founded in the sixth century by Saint Colmcille . The monastery was raided by the Vikings in 804 , being burned and looted . During the twelfth century , the abbey conformed to Augustinian rules and remained there until the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII in 1543 . The site was still used as a graveyard by the local population until the early years of the twentieth century . The remains of the abbey are still to be seen on the island . A fifteenth-century tower bell , reputedly from the monastery , was recovered in the nineteenth century and now hangs in the Roman Catholic church in the nearby village of Aughnacliffe .   Lough Gowna is an important centre for coarse fishing and the shape of the lake , with wooded peninsulas interspersed with bays and inlets , make it attractive for tourism . There are picnic sites at Dernaferst and at Dring ( at the southernmost point of the lake ) .   The name of the lake comes from a legend about a supernatural calf which escaped from a well in the townland of Rathcor ( south of the lake ) and raced northward with a stream of water from the well following it and flooding the area now making up the lake .   The lake gives its name to the village of Loch Gowna , on the north-eastern shore of the lake in County Cavan . The original name of the village was Scrabby ( Screabach in Irish ) , and gave its name to the townland and parish in which it is located . However , in 1950 , after a plebiscite of the villagers , the name was officially changed to Loch Gowna . The village serves as a service centre for tourism , with hotel accommodation and sizeable numbers of holiday homes in the area .   Other parishes adjacent to the lake are Colmcille on the western and southern shores of the lake , Mullinalaghta on the eastern shore , and Dromard in the extreme north-west , all in County Longford ; and Mullahoran in the extreme east where the Erne enters the lake , in County Cavan .

neg: Dalkey Dalkey ( -LSB- ˈdɒːkiː -RSB- ) is one of the most affluent suburbs of Dublin , and a seaside resort just south of Dublin City , Ireland . It was founded as a Viking settlement and became an active port during the Middle Ages . According to chronicler John Clyn ( c. 1286 -- c. 1349 ) , it was one of the ports through which the plague entered Ireland in the mid-14th century . In modern times , Dalkey has become a seaside suburb that attracts some tourist visitors . It has been home to writers and celebrities including Jane Emily Herbert , Maeve Binchy , Hugh Leonard , Bono , Van Morrison and Enya .


query: Qatar is an island.

pos: Qatar Qatar ( -LSB- ˈkætɑːr -RSB- , -LSB- kəˈtɑːr -RSB- قطر -LSB- ˈqɑtˤɑr -RSB- Local vernacular pronunciation : -LSB- ˈɡɪtˤɑr -RSB- ) , officially the State of Qatar , is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran .   Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century . Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar . Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . Whether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98 % in favour . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates .   Qatar is a high income economy , backed by the world 's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world , supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group , Al Jazeera Media Network . For its size , Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world , and has been identified as a middle power . Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , becoming the first Arab country to do so .

neg: Constitution of the United Arab Emirates The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates provides a legal and political framework for the operation of the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) as a federation of seven emirates . The Constitution came into effect on 2 December 1971 and was permanently accepted in May 1996 . Authored by Adi Bitar , a forming judge and legal advisor , the Constitution is written in 10 parts and has 152 Articles . The United Arab Emirates celebrates the formation of the Union ( and acceptance of the federal constitution ) as National Day .   The Historically independent kingdoms , the modern emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates and the modern kingdoms of Qatar and Bahrain entered into a treaty with the United Kingdom in 1853 and agreed to a `` perpetual maritime truce '' with the UK ; the kingdoms were collectively referred to as the Trucial States or as Trucial Oman . Disputes between the states were often arbitrated by the United Kingdom . In the late 1960s , the Trucial States Council was formed by the emirates , Qatar and Bahrain . The United Kingdom in 1968 announced its decision to end the treaty relationships with the kingdoms . The nine kingdoms attempted to form a union of Arab Emirates , but were unable to agree upon the terms of the union . While Bahrain and Qatar became independent countries , the other seven emirates attempted to form a temporary , federal union in 1971 .   In 1971 , the Constitution , authored by Judge Valintine , was established as a temporary legal and political framework . Article 9 of the Constitution states that the Capital shall be a new town on the border of Dubai and Abu Dhabi , to be completed within seven years and to be called `` Al Karama '' ; however , a provision in the same article provided for Abu Dhabi to be the `` temporary '' capital of the Union and for Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , ruler of Abu Dhabi , to be the President of the United Arab Emirates .   In 1979 , a draft `` permanent '' constitution was prepared which allowed for the creation of a unified military and judicial system . Initially , the emirate of Dubai was strongly opposed to the unification of the military forces and , along with Ras al Khaimah , refused to attend Supreme Council meetings of the union . Mediations by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as well as by other UAE rulers reduced differences between Shiekh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum , ruler of Dubai and Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , ruler of Abu Dhabi .   In 1994 , Abu Dhabi was made the permanent capital of the UAE , and in May 1996 , six years after Rashid bin Saeed al Maktoum 's death , Dubai agreed to a permanent constitution , and one that would unify the armed forces of the UAE . However , Dubai , like Ras al Khaimah , maintains its own judicial courts , which are not subject to governance from the Supreme Court of the UAE .

neg: Makri Makri ( Nissos Makri ) is a Greek island , one of the Echinades , in the Ionian Islands group . It is located on the far southeast side of the Gulf of Makri close to the mouth of the Acheloos river . It is administered by the municipality of Ithaca and is 24 km east of the island . , it had no resident population . Strabo , and most modern writers , identify Dulichium , from which Homer reports that Meges , son of Phyleus , led 40 ships to Troy , with the island of Makri .   The island is roughly 2.5 km long and 0.5 km at its widest . It has an area of roughly 993000 acres and an estimate coastline of 7,280 m in length . Made up of 2 hills linked by an isthmus , there is also a small islet at its southeastern corner . Recently it was put on the market , with the possibility for resort development and consideration for a 5 * hotel and luxurious private villas to be built . Its value is unknown but it is hoped that it will reach a similar value to the close by island of Oxia which was recently sold to Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani , the emir of Qatar , for $ 4.9 M

neg: Natural gas in Qatar The natural gas in Qatar covers a large portion of the world supply of natural gas . According to Oil & Gas Journal , as of January 1 , 2011 , reserves of natural gas in Qatar were measured at approximately 896 e12cuft ; this measurement means that the state contains 14 % of all known natural-gas reserves , as the world 's third-largest reserves , behind Russia and Iran . The majority of Qatar 's natural gas is located in the massive offshore North Field , which spans an area roughly equivalent to Qatar itself . A part of the world 's largest non-associated , natural-gas field , the North Field , is a geological extension of Iran 's South Pars / North Dome Gas-Condensate field , which holds an additional 450 e12cuft of recoverable natural-gas reserves .   While Qatar is a member of the OPEC and is a significant oil producer , the government has devoted more resources to the development of natural gas in the contemporary era , particularly for export as liquefied natural gas ( LNG ) . In 2006 , Qatar reportedly surpassed Indonesia to become the largest exporter of LNG in the world . Together , revenues from the oil and natural-gas sectors amount to 60 % of the country 's GDP . Domestically , the vast majority of Qatar 's total energy consumption comes from natural gas ( 79 % ) , whilst the balance is supplied by oil .

neg: India–Qatar relations India -- Qatar relations refers to the bilateral ties between India and Qatar . India maintains an embassy in Doha , while Qatar maintains an embassy in New Delhi .

neg: Cyprus–Qatar relations Cyprus-Qatar relations refer to the bilateral relations between Cyprus and Qatar . Qatar is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Nicosia , Cyprus . Cyprus is represented in Qatar through its embassy in Doha , Qatar .

neg: Doha International Airport Doha International Airport is an airport in Doha , Qatar . It was Qatar 's commercial international airport until Hamad International Airport opened on 27 May 2014 . While all scheduled commercial traffic ceased , the airport site and existing runway is still used by Qatar Emiri Air Force , Rizon Jet and Gulf Helicopters .

neg: City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City .   A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states .   Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .

neg: Hejaz The Hejaz , also Al-Hijaz ( اَلْـحِـجَـاز , , literally `` the Barrier '' ) , is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia . The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west . It is also known as the `` Western Province . '' It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea , on the north by Jordan , on the east by the Najd , and on the south by ` Asir Region . Its main city is Jeddah , but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina . As the site of Islam 's holiest places , the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape .   Historically , the Hejaz has always seen itself as separate from the rest of Saudi Arabia . The Hejaz is the most populated region in Saudi Arabia ; 35 % of all Saudis live in Hejaz . Hejazi Arabic is the most widely spoken dialect in the region . Saudi Hejazis are of ethnically diverse origins .   The Hejaz is the most cosmopolitan region in the Arabian Peninsula . People of Hejaz have the most strongly articulated identity of any regional grouping in Saudi Arabia . Their place of origin alienates them from the Saudi state , which invokes different narratives of the history of the Arabian Peninsula . Thus , Hejazis experienced tensions with people of Najd .

neg: List of companies of Qatar Qatar is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran .   Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940 , in Dukhan Field . The discovery transformed the state 's economy . Now , the country has a high standard of living for its legal citizens . With no income tax , Qatar ( along with Bahrain ) is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world . The unemployment rate in June 2013 was 0.1 % . Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51 % of any venture in the Emirate .

neg: Al Khor Island Al Khor Island , also known as Jazirat bin Ghanim and Purple Island , is an island located in the municipality of Al Khor on the northeast coast of Qatar . It accommodates the only archaeological site in the country attributable to the second millennium BC . There are four main periods of occupation on the island , dating from as early as c. 2000 BC to as late as 1900 AD . The island is best known for being the site of operation of a Kassite-controlled purple dye industry in the second millennium BC .

neg: United Nations Security Council Resolution 278 United Nations Security Council Resolution 278 , adopted unanimously on May 11 , 1970 , after statements from representatives of Iran and the United Kingdom , the Council endorsed the report of the Personal Representative of the Secretary-General and welcomed its conclusion , particularly the finding that `` the overwhelming majority of the people of Bahrain wish to gain recognition of their identity in a full independent and sovereign State free to decide for itself its relations with other States '' .   After World War II , Bahrain became the centre for British administration of the lower Persian Gulf . In 1968 , when the British Government announced its decision to end the treaty relationships with the Persian Gulf sheikdoms , Bahrain joined with Qatar and the seven Trucial States ( which now form the United Arab Emirates ) under British protection in an effort to form a union of Arab emirates . By mid-1971 , however , the nine sheikhdoms still had not agreed on the terms of union . Accordingly , Bahrain sought independence as a separate entity declaring independence on August 15 , 1971 , and becoming formally independent as the State of Bahrain on December 16 , 1971 .

neg: Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation The economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) combines the economies of 57 member states . 49 are predominantly Muslim states . The other 8 have large Muslim minorities . Those 57 countries have a combined GDP ( at Purchasing power parity ; PPP ) of USD 18,600 billion . The richest country on the basis of GDP per capita at PPP is United Arab Emirates . On basis of per capita GDP , Qatar is richest country with incomes exceeding US$ 108,000 per capita . According to a report by Salam Standard , the GDP impact of the world 's Muslim tourism sector exceeded $ 138 billion in 2015 , generating 4.3 million jobs and contributing more than $ 18 billion in tax revenue .

neg: Wildlife of the United Arab Emirates The wildlife of the United Arab Emirates is the flora and fauna of this country on the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsula and the southern end of the Persian Gulf . The country offers a variety of habitats for wildlife including the coast , offshore islands , mangrove areas , mudflats , salt pans , sand and gravel plains , sand dunes , mountain slopes , wadis and rocky summits .  Because the terrain is so varied , it supports a greater number of species of plants and animals than might have been expected in this relatively small country .

neg: Fuwayrit Fuwayrit is a coastal village in Qatar , located in the municipality of Ash Shamal approximately 80 km north of the capital Doha . It is an important site for Qatar 's oil industry . Previously , it was one of the most important towns in the northern sector of Qatar . The Al Thani had settled in the town in the 19th century , prior to relocating to Al Bidda ( presently Doha ) .

neg: Kuwait Kuwait -LSB- kʊˈweɪt -RSB- ( الكويت , -LSB- ɪl ‿ ɪkweːt -RSB- or -LSB- - afblɪkweːt -RSB- ) , officially the State of Kuwait , is a country in Western Asia . Situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf , it shares borders with Iraq and Saudi Arabia . , Kuwait has a population of 4.2 million people ; 1.3 million are Kuwaitis and 2.9 million are expatriates . Expatriates account for 70 % of the population .   Oil reserves were discovered in 1938 . From 1946 to 1982 , the country underwent large-scale modernization . In the 1980s , Kuwait experienced a period of geopolitical instability and an economic crisis following the stock market crash . In 1990 , Kuwait was invaded by Iraq . The Iraqi occupation came to an end in 1991 after military intervention by coalition forces . At the end of the war , there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure .   Kuwait is a constitutional state with a semi-democratic political system . It has a high income economy backed by the world 's sixth largest oil reserves . The Kuwaiti dinar is the highest valued currency in the world . According to the World Bank , the country has the fourth highest per capita income in the world . The Constitution was promulgated in 1962 . Kuwait is home to the largest opera house in the Middle East . In the Arab world , Kuwait is frequently dubbed the `` Hollywood of the Gulf '' due to the popularity of its soap operas and theatre .

neg: Bintan Island Bintan Island or Negeri Segantang Lada is an island in the Riau archipelago of Indonesia . It is part of the Riau Islands province , the capital of which , Tanjung Pinang , lies in the island 's south and is the island 's main community .   Bintan 's land area is 2402.28 km2 ( total area is 60057 km2 including 96 % sea area ) . Its administrative region is designated the Bintan Island Regency , one of the six administrative regions of the Riau Islands province . The city of Tanjung Pinang is an autonomous area within the Bintan Island .   Bintan 's history is traced to the early 3rd century . The island flourished as a trading post on the route between China and India , and over the centuries it came under the control of the Chinese , the British , and then the Dutch when it was declared part of the Dutch East Indies through the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 . In the 12th century , the Bintan island in the Strait of Malacca was known as the `` Pirate Island '' since the Malay pirates used to loot trading ships sailing in these waters .   Singapore , the closest major city , is a 45-50 minute trip by motorised catamaran across the Singapore Strait from Bintan Resort area in the northwest of the island . The island has beaches with beach-front International hotels and resorts ; the most prominent of these beaches is the Bintan Resorts set over an area of 300 ha of tropical environment . The archipelago of the Riau islands is right opposite to this resort across the South China Sea . Indonesia is promoting Bintan as the next best tourist destination after Bali .

neg: Awali Awali is a small municipality located approximately in the centre of the Kingdom of Bahrain , a small island in the Persian Gulf . Founded in the 1930s by the Bahrain Petroleum Company , it is populated mostly by workers of various nationalities from around the world whose skills were needed in the setting up and running of the refinery at Sitrah . To its north are Bahrain 's oil refinery and to its south are the oil wells and the desert area of Sakhir .  It has a population of 1769 citizens .

neg: Zabargad Island Zabargad Island ( جزيرة الزبرجد , also known as St. John 's Island in English ) is the largest of a group of islands in Foul Bay , Egypt . It covers an area of 4.50 km2 . It is not a quaternary volcanic island , but rather is believed to be an upthrusted part of upper mantle material . The nearest island is known as `` Rocky Island '' . The island is slightly north of the Tropic of Cancer , and its highest point is 235 m.

neg: Amwaj Islands Amwaj Islands ( جزر أمواج transliterated : Juzur Amwaj ) are a group of man-made islands located in the Persian Gulf to the northeast of Bahrain , near the coast of Muharraq island . It has a distance of 10.5 km northeast of the capital , Manama , on Bahrain Island .

neg: Qatar national beach handball team The Qatar national beach handball team is the national team of Qatar . It is governed by the Qatar Handball Association and takes part in international beach handball competitions .