query: Qatar is separated from Bahrain by a river.

pos: Qatar Qatar ( -LSB- ˈkætɑːr -RSB- , -LSB- kəˈtɑːr -RSB- قطر -LSB- ˈqɑtˤɑr -RSB- Local vernacular pronunciation : -LSB- ˈɡɪtˤɑr -RSB- ) , officially the State of Qatar , is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran .   Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since the early 19th century . Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the founder of the State of Qatar . Qatar is a hereditary monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani . Whether it should be regarded as a constitutional or an absolute monarchy is a matter of opinion . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98 % in favour . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates .   Qatar is a high income economy , backed by the world 's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a significant power in the Arab world , supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group , Al Jazeera Media Network . For its size , Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world , and has been identified as a middle power . Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup , becoming the first Arab country to do so .

neg: Geography of Iran Geographically , Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea , Persian Gulf , and Gulf of Oman . Its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries . The mountains enclose several broad basins , on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located . Until the 20th century , when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers , these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another .   Typically , one major town dominated each basin , and there were complex economic relationships between the town and the hundreds of villages that surrounded it . In the higher elevations of the mountains rimming the basins , tribally organized groups practiced transhumance , moving with their herds of sheep and goats between traditionally established summer and winter pastures . There are no major river systems in the country , and historically transportation was by means of caravans that followed routes traversing gaps and passes in the mountains . The mountains also impeded easy access to the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea .   With an area of 1648000 km2 , Iran ranks eighteenth in size among the countries of the world . Iran shares its northern borders with three post-Soviet states : Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Turkmenistan . These borders extend for more than 2000 km , including nearly 650 km of water along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea . Iran 's western borders are with Turkey in the north and Iraq in the south , terminating at the Arvand Rud .   The Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman littorals form the entire 1770 km southern border . To the east lie Afghanistan on the north and Pakistan on the far south . Iran 's diagonal distance from Azerbaijan in the northwest to Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast is approximately 2333 km .

neg: North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) .   The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region .   North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since .   The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world .   Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .

neg: Al Thakhira Al Thakhira ( also spelled Al Dakhira ) is a village on the coast of the Al Khor municipality in Qatar , about 7 km northeast of the city of Al Khor . The area is home to Al Dakhira Nature Reserve , an island with mangroves , and a beach .

neg: Ras Rumman Ras Rumman is a neighborhood of Manama in Bahrain . Historically it was a separate village of its own , however with the expansion of Manama , it became incorporated into the capital city as one of its neighbourhoods . It lies to the east of the Manama Souq and roughly south of the Diplomatic Area . It has traditionally had an identity with a tradition of Pomegranate cultivation . The Name Ras Rumman translates to `` Head of Pomegrante '' this was related to the large fields starting Ras Rumman and ending near Budaiya.The British Embassy of Bahrain is located in Ras Rumman . It also contains the Ras Rumman Mosque .   Category : Neighborhoods of Manama

neg: Iran–United Arab Emirates relations Relations between the neighboring countries of Iran and the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) are deeply historic , dating back centuries prior to the establishment of the modern-day United Arab Emirates . They maintain diplomatic relations , with embassies in each other countries , and have close economic ties .   There is a significant community of Iranians in the United Arab Emirates , mostly residing in the emirate of Dubai . An Arabic-speaking native community lives in the southern provinces of Iran , some of whose members share historical ties with the southern shores of the Persian Gulf .

neg: Divisions of the world in Islam The Arabic singular form dar , translated literally , may mean `` house '' , `` abode '' , `` structure '' , `` place '' , `` land '' , or `` country '' . In Islamic jurisprudence it often refers to a part of the world .   The notions of `` houses '' or `` divisions '' of the world in Islam such as Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb does not appear in the Quran or the Hadith . According to Abou El Fadl , the only dar the Qur ` an speaks of are `` the abode of the Hereafter and the abode of the earthly life , with the former described as clearly superior to the latter '' .   In classical Islamic law , the major division are dar al-islam ( lit . territory of Islam ) , denoting regions where Islamic law prevails , dar al-sulh ( lit . territory of treaty ) denoting non-Islamic lands which have concluded an armistice with a Muslim government , and dar al-harb ( lit . territory of war ) , denoting adjoining non-Islamic lands whose rulers are called upon to accept Islam .   Early Islamic jurists devised these terms to denote legal rulings for ongoing Muslim conquests almost a century after Muhammad . The first use of the terms was in Iraq by Abu Hanifa and his disciples Abu Yusuf and Al-Shaybani . Among those in the Levant , Al-Awza ' i was leading in this discipline and later Shafi'i .   The concept of dar al-harb has been affected by the political fragmentation of the Muslim world and has little significance today .

neg: Hejaz The Hejaz , also Al-Hijaz ( اَلْـحِـجَـاز , , literally `` the Barrier '' ) , is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia . The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west . It is also known as the `` Western Province . '' It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea , on the north by Jordan , on the east by the Najd , and on the south by ` Asir Region . Its main city is Jeddah , but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina . As the site of Islam 's holiest places , the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape .   Historically , the Hejaz has always seen itself as separate from the rest of Saudi Arabia . The Hejaz is the most populated region in Saudi Arabia ; 35 % of all Saudis live in Hejaz . Hejazi Arabic is the most widely spoken dialect in the region . Saudi Hejazis are of ethnically diverse origins .   The Hejaz is the most cosmopolitan region in the Arabian Peninsula . People of Hejaz have the most strongly articulated identity of any regional grouping in Saudi Arabia . Their place of origin alienates them from the Saudi state , which invokes different narratives of the history of the Arabian Peninsula . Thus , Hejazis experienced tensions with people of Najd .

neg: City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City .   A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states .   Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .

neg: Camel racing Camel racing is a popular sport in Pakistan , Saudi Arabia , Egypt , Bahrain , Jordan , Qatar , United Arab Emirates , Oman , Australia , and Mongolia . Professional camel racing , like horse racing , is an event for betting and tourist attraction . Camels can run at speeds up to 65 km/h ( 18 m/s ; 40 mph ) in short sprints and they can maintain a speed of 40 km/h ( 11 m/s ; 25 mph ) for an hour .   Camels are often controlled by child jockeys , but allegations of human rights abuses have led to nationwide bans on underage labor in the UAE and Qatar . In modern camel racing , camels are often controlled by remote controlled robotic whips .   A major camel race is the Camel Cup held at Alice Springs which is the second biggest prize purse camel race in Australia . It is held annually and includes not only the camel races themselves , but also a collection of market stalls and other entertainment .   The biggest prize money camel race in Australia is `` The Boulia desert Sands '' with a A$ 25,000 prize purse in Queensland .

neg: Constitution of the United Arab Emirates The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates provides a legal and political framework for the operation of the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) as a federation of seven emirates . The Constitution came into effect on 2 December 1971 and was permanently accepted in May 1996 . Authored by Adi Bitar , a forming judge and legal advisor , the Constitution is written in 10 parts and has 152 Articles . The United Arab Emirates celebrates the formation of the Union ( and acceptance of the federal constitution ) as National Day .   The Historically independent kingdoms , the modern emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates and the modern kingdoms of Qatar and Bahrain entered into a treaty with the United Kingdom in 1853 and agreed to a `` perpetual maritime truce '' with the UK ; the kingdoms were collectively referred to as the Trucial States or as Trucial Oman . Disputes between the states were often arbitrated by the United Kingdom . In the late 1960s , the Trucial States Council was formed by the emirates , Qatar and Bahrain . The United Kingdom in 1968 announced its decision to end the treaty relationships with the kingdoms . The nine kingdoms attempted to form a union of Arab Emirates , but were unable to agree upon the terms of the union . While Bahrain and Qatar became independent countries , the other seven emirates attempted to form a temporary , federal union in 1971 .   In 1971 , the Constitution , authored by Judge Valintine , was established as a temporary legal and political framework . Article 9 of the Constitution states that the Capital shall be a new town on the border of Dubai and Abu Dhabi , to be completed within seven years and to be called `` Al Karama '' ; however , a provision in the same article provided for Abu Dhabi to be the `` temporary '' capital of the Union and for Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , ruler of Abu Dhabi , to be the President of the United Arab Emirates .   In 1979 , a draft `` permanent '' constitution was prepared which allowed for the creation of a unified military and judicial system . Initially , the emirate of Dubai was strongly opposed to the unification of the military forces and , along with Ras al Khaimah , refused to attend Supreme Council meetings of the union . Mediations by Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as well as by other UAE rulers reduced differences between Shiekh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum , ruler of Dubai and Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , ruler of Abu Dhabi .   In 1994 , Abu Dhabi was made the permanent capital of the UAE , and in May 1996 , six years after Rashid bin Saeed al Maktoum 's death , Dubai agreed to a permanent constitution , and one that would unify the armed forces of the UAE . However , Dubai , like Ras al Khaimah , maintains its own judicial courts , which are not subject to governance from the Supreme Court of the UAE .

neg: Qatar (disambiguation) Qatar is a country in the Middle East .   Qatar may also refer to :   Qatar , East Azerbaijan , Iran  Qatar , West Azerbaijan , Iran  Qatar Airways , the state-owned flag carrier of Qatar  Qatar SC , a sports club based in Doha , Qatar

neg: Kuwait Kuwait -LSB- kʊˈweɪt -RSB- ( الكويت , -LSB- ɪl ‿ ɪkweːt -RSB- or -LSB- - afblɪkweːt -RSB- ) , officially the State of Kuwait , is a country in Western Asia . Situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf , it shares borders with Iraq and Saudi Arabia . , Kuwait has a population of 4.2 million people ; 1.3 million are Kuwaitis and 2.9 million are expatriates . Expatriates account for 70 % of the population .   Oil reserves were discovered in 1938 . From 1946 to 1982 , the country underwent large-scale modernization . In the 1980s , Kuwait experienced a period of geopolitical instability and an economic crisis following the stock market crash . In 1990 , Kuwait was invaded by Iraq . The Iraqi occupation came to an end in 1991 after military intervention by coalition forces . At the end of the war , there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure .   Kuwait is a constitutional state with a semi-democratic political system . It has a high income economy backed by the world 's sixth largest oil reserves . The Kuwaiti dinar is the highest valued currency in the world . According to the World Bank , the country has the fourth highest per capita income in the world . The Constitution was promulgated in 1962 . Kuwait is home to the largest opera house in the Middle East . In the Arab world , Kuwait is frequently dubbed the `` Hollywood of the Gulf '' due to the popularity of its soap operas and theatre .

neg: Kabul River The Kabul River , the classical Cophes -LSB- ˈkoʊfiːz -RSB- , is a 700 km long river that emerges in the Sanglakh Range of the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and empties into the Indus River near Attock , Pakistan . It is the main river in eastern Afghanistan and is separated from the watershed of the Helmand by the Unai Pass . The Kabul River passes through the cities of Kabul and Jalalabad in Afghanistan before flowing into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan some 25 km north of the Durand Line border crossing at Torkham . The major tributaries of the Kabul River are the Logar , Panjshir , Kunar , Alingar , Bara and Swat rivers .   The Kabul River is little more than a trickle for most of the year , but swells in summer due to melting snows in the Hindu Kush Range . Its largest tributary is the Kunar River , which starts out as the Mastuj River , flowing from the Chiantar glacie in Brughil valley in Chitral , Pakistan and after flowing south into Afghanistan it is met by the Bashgal river flowing from Nurestan . The Kunar meets the Kabul near Jalalabad . In spite of the Kunar carrying more water than the Kabul , the river continues as the Kabul River after this confluence , mainly for the political and historical significance of the name .   The Kabul River is impounded by several dams . The Naghlu , Surobi , and Darunta dams are located in Kabul and Nangarhar provinces of Afghanistan . The Warsak Dam is in Pakistan , approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar .

neg: Khor (disambiguation) Al Khor is a town in Qatar .  Al-Khor Sports Club is a football club in Qatar .  Khor is an ancient region in Syria .  Khor River is a river in Russia .  Khor , Khabarovsk Krai is an urban-type settlement in Russia .  Khor is the fictional currency of Syldavia .

neg: Harb tribe Harb `` War '' is a large Sunni Tribe in the Arabian peninsula . There is no official tribe population count but it is estimated to be approximately four million in Saudi Arabia . It is originally a Qahtani tribe . Several authentic sources on Arab tribes genealogy state that the great-grandfather of Harb tribe is Harb ibn Saad ibn Saad ibn Khawlan ibn Amr ibn Qadha'ah ibn Himyar ibn Qahtan . Harb tribal lands extend from the Red Sea coast in Tihamah ( Western Part of Saudi Arabia ) to the heart of Najd in the central region of Saudi Arabia , and from North the Harbi lands extend from Madinah ( a holy city for Muslims ) to Al Qunfudhah in the south . The tribe 's reach extends to other countries like Kuwait , Iraq , Egypt and UAE .   The origins of Harb tribe came from the 2nd century of the Islamic calendar . When Qahtani tribes emigrated from the south of Arabian Peninsula to Hijaz around 131 AH for water and land space after some battles with their cousins Banu Ar-Rabi ` ah bin Saad . As a result , this caused several tribal conflicts with the native and mostly Adnani Arab tribes of Hijaz and Tihamah such as Juhainah , Inazah , Muzianah , and Sulaim over land and water . After around three centuries in Hijaz , Harb tribe became a dominant tribe in the heart of Hijaz with territories surrounding the holy city of Medina . It is important to note that Harb now , like many other Arabian tribes , is a federation of tribes and families , a good example is that Muzaynah in Saudi Arabia are considered from Harb but it is well known that it was a tribe of its own with a known presence in Hijaz in the Pre-Islamic Arabia as well as the time of the Prophet Muhammed -- i.e. , before the origin of Harb tribe in Hijaz .   Currently , many of the tribe sons have migrated in recent decades to the three major metropolitan centers of Saudi Arabia , namely Riyadh , Jeddah , and Dammam , in search of better education and employment . One of the main branches of the tribe such as Banu Shaker left al Hejaz and set off to the west coasts of Palestine to start business in agriculture . For the coast of Palestine is well known all around the world for its fertile soil . Banu Shaker that trace there ancestry to Al Hassan Al Muthana are also known to be the Abunamous and Al Shaker Families from Yaffa or Jaffa have developed their reputation of being prominent landowners in Yaffa city   In the Arab World outside of Saudi Arabia , the Harb family became prominent in the Christian population of Ramallah , Palestine .

neg: Amman Amman ( -LSB- langpronɑːˈmɑːn -RSB- عمّان ) is the capital and most populous city of Jordan , and the country 's economic , political and cultural centre . Situated in north-central Jordan , Amman is the administrative centre of the Amman Governorate . The city has a population of 4,007,526 and a land area of 648.7 sqmi . Today , Amman is considered to be among the most liberal and westernized Arab cities . It is a major tourist destination in the region , particularly among Arab and European tourists .   The earliest evidence of settlement in the area is a Neolithic site known as ` Ain Ghazal . Its successor was known as `` Rabbath Ammon '' , which was the capital of the Ammonites , then as `` Philadelphia '' , and finally as Amman . It was initially built on seven hills but now spans over 19 hills combining 27 districts , which are administered by the Greater Amman Municipality headed by its mayor Aqel Biltaji . Areas of Amman have either gained their names from the hills ( Jabal ) or the valleys ( Wadi ) they lie on , such as Jabal Lweibdeh and Wadi Abdoun . East Amman is predominantly filled with historic sites that frequently host cultural activities , while West Amman is more modern and serves as the economic center of the city .   Approximately 2 million visitors arrived in Amman in 2014 , which ranked it as the 93rd most visited city in the world and the 5th most visited Arab city . Amman has a relatively fast growing economy , and it is ranked Beta − on the global city index . Moreover , it was named one of the Middle East and North Africa 's best cities according to economic , labor , environmental , and socio-cultural factors . The city is among the most popular locations in the Arab world for multinational corporations to set up their regional offices , alongside Doha and only behind Dubai . It is expected that in the next 10 years these three cities will capture the largest share of multinational corporation activity in the region .

neg: List of companies of Qatar Qatar is a sovereign country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain , as well as sharing maritime borders with the United Arab Emirates and Iran .   Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940 , in Dukhan Field . The discovery transformed the state 's economy . Now , the country has a high standard of living for its legal citizens . With no income tax , Qatar ( along with Bahrain ) is one of the countries with the lowest tax rates in the world . The unemployment rate in June 2013 was 0.1 % . Corporate law mandates that Qatari nationals must hold 51 % of any venture in the Emirate .

neg: Music of Kuwait Prior to 1990 and the start of the Gulf War , Kuwait was known in the region for its exploration of many different and new forms of music and dance . However , after encounters with Iraqi soldiers in August 1990 , Kuwait fell and its music was destroyed along with its oil fields . After just seven months under Iraqi conquest , Kuwait 's thousands of years of rich and diverse music was nearly completely destroyed .   Traditional Kuwaiti music is derived from Kuwait 's seafaring heritage . The Kuwaiti maritime tradition is known for songs called `` Fidjeri '' . `` Al Arda Al Bahariya '' is a well-known Kuwaiti sailor song , as are the `` al-Nahma '' , a class of songs that accompanied many sailing activities . Kuwaiti music reflects the diverse influence of many cultures , including India and East Africa .   Kuwait was the pioneer of contemporary music in the Gulf . Kuwaitis were the first commercial recording artists in the Gulf . Nawal El Kuwaiti , Nabeel Shoail , Abdul Kareem Abdul-Qader and Abdallah Al Rowaished are the most prominent modern performers .

neg: Fuwayrit Fuwayrit is a coastal village in Qatar , located in the municipality of Ash Shamal approximately 80 km north of the capital Doha . It is an important site for Qatar 's oil industry . Previously , it was one of the most important towns in the northern sector of Qatar . The Al Thani had settled in the town in the 19th century , prior to relocating to Al Bidda ( presently Doha ) .

neg: Geography of the United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates is situated in Middle East/southwest Asia , bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf , between Oman and Saudi Arabia ; it is on a strategic location along northern approaches to the Strait of Hormuz , a vital transit point for world crude oil . The UAE lies between 22 ° 50 ′ and 26 ° north latitude and between 51 ° and 56 ° 25 ′ east longitude . It shares a 19-kilometer border with Qatar on the northwest , a 530-kilometer border with Saudi Arabia on the west , south , and southeast , and a 450-kilometer border with Oman on the southeast and northeast . The land border with Qatar in the Khawr al Udayd area is a source of ongoing dispute ( in fact , whether it even shares a land border with Qatar is in dispute ) . The total area of the UAE is approximately 83,600 square kilometers . The country 's exact size is unknown because of disputed claims to several islands in the Persian Gulf , because of the lack of precise information on the size of many of these islands , and because most of its land boundaries , especially with Saudi Arabia , remain undemarcated . The largest emirate , Abu Dhabi , accounts for 87 percent of the UAE 's total area ( 72,732 square kilometers ) . The smallest emirate , Ajman , encompasses only 259 square kilometers .


query: Gennady Golovkin boxes.

pos: Interim championship An interim championship is an alternate title that is awarded by the four major sanctioning bodies of professional boxing ( WBA , WBC , IBF , and WBO ) , and in other combat sports such as kickboxing and mixed martial arts .   Occasionally , the champion of a particular weight division is temporarily unable to defend his championship because of medical , legal , or other reasons that are beyond the competitor 's control . When this case occurs , two highly ranked contenders may fight for an interim championship of the same weight division -- leading to two champions existing in the same weight division simultaneously . Once the original champion is able to return , he must fight against the interim champion in a `` unification bout . '' The winner of this contest is then deemed the `` undisputed champion . '' If the original champion can not return , or transfers to a different weight division , the interim champion becomes the undisputed champion .   Sanctioning bodies , however , can alter or ignore the interim championship system . One example took place in the WBC 's flyweight division in 2005 -- 2006 . Pongsaklek Wonjongkam had defended his world title 11 consecutive times . Number-one contender Jorge Arce won an interim championship bout instead of receiving a title shot against Wonjongkam , who continued to defend his world title . Arce defended his interim championship four times before he vacated it in order to move up to super flyweight . Wonjongkam eventually set the flyweight division record for consecutive title defenses , without ever fighting against interim champion Arce .

pos: David Lemieux (boxer) David Lemieux ( born December 22 , 1988 ) is a Canadian professional boxer who held the IBF middleweight title in 2015 .

pos: World Boxing Council The World Boxing Council ( WBC ) is one of four major organizations which sanction world championship boxing bouts , alongside the International Boxing Federation ( IBF ) , World Boxing Association ( WBA ) and World Boxing Organization ( WBO ) . Owing to the many historically high-profile bouts sanctioned by the organization , and legendary fighters who have been recognised as WBC World champions , the organization still remains one of the major four sanctioning bodies . All four organizations however recognise the legitimacy of each other , and each have interwoven histories dating back several decades .

pos: International Boxing Federation The International Boxing Federation ( IBF ) is one of four major organizations recognized by the International Boxing Hall of Fame ( IBHOF ) which sanction world championship boxing bouts , alongside the World Boxing Association ( WBA ) , World Boxing Council ( WBC ) and World Boxing Organization ( WBO ) .

pos: Knockout A knockout ( abbreviated to KO or K.O. ) is a fight-ending , winning criterion in several full-contact combat sports , such as boxing , kickboxing , muay thai , mixed martial arts , karate , some forms of taekwondo and other sports involving striking . A full knockout is considered any legal strike or combination thereof that renders an opponent unable to continue fighting .   The term is often associated with a sudden traumatic loss of consciousness caused by a physical blow . Single powerful blows to the head ( particularly the jawline and temple ) can produce a cerebral concussion or a carotid sinus reflex with syncope and cause a sudden , dramatic KO . Body blows , particularly the liver punch , can cause progressive , debilitating pain that can also result in a KO .   In boxing and kickboxing , a knockout is usually awarded when one participant falls to the canvas and is unable to rise to their feet within a specified period of time , typically because of exhaustion , pain , disorientation , or unconsciousness . For example , if a boxer is knocked down and is unable to continue the fight within a ten-second count , they are counted as having been knocked out and their opponent is awarded the KO victory .   In mixed martial arts ( MMA ) competitions , no time count is given after a knockdown , as the sport allows submission grappling as well as ground and pound . If a fighter loses consciousness ( `` goes limp '' ) as a result of legal strikes it is declared a KO . Even if the fighter loses consciousness for a brief moment and wakes up again to continue to fight , the fight is stopped and declared a KO . As many MMA fights can take place on the mat rather than standing , it is possible to score a KO via ground and pound , a common victory for grapplers .

pos: International Boxing Organization The International Boxing Organization ( IBO ) is a non-profit organization that sanctions professional boxing matches and awards world and regional championships .

pos: Transnational Boxing Rankings Board The Transnational Boxing Rankings Board ( TBRB ) is an all-volunteer initiative formed in October 2012 with the intention of providing professional boxing with authoritative top-ten rankings , identifying the singular world champion of every division by unbiased reasoning and common sense , and to insist on the sport 's reform . Board members are independent professional journalists , boxing historians and record keepers from around the world who are uninfluenced by the traditional sanctioning bodies and promoters .

pos: AIBA World Boxing Championships The AIBA World Boxing Championships and the AIBA Women 's World Boxing Championships are biennial amateur boxing competitions organised by the International Boxing Association ( AIBA ) , which is the sport governing body . Alongside the Olympic boxing programme , it is the highest level of competition for the sport . The championships was first held in 1974 Havana , Cuba as a men 's only event and the first women 's championships was held over 25 years later in 2001 . Formerly known as the World Amateur Boxing Championships and the Women 's World Amateur Boxing Championships , the men 's and women 's competitions are held separately and since 2006 the biennial championships have been held in alternating years .   The number of weight categories was reduced from twelve to eleven in 2003 with the removal of the light middleweight division ( − 71 kg ) . In 2011 the weight categories went down to ten with the removal of the featherweight division ( − 57 kg )

pos: Gennady Golovkin Gennady Gennadyevich Golovkin ( Геннадий Геннадьевич Головкин born 8 April 1982 ) is a Kazakhstani professional boxer who currently holds the unified WBA ( Super ) , WBC , IBF , and IBO middleweight titles . As of May 2017 , he is ranked as the world 's best middleweight by BoxRec and the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board , and second best by The Ring . He is also ranked as the world 's third best boxer , pound for pound , by The Ring , fifth by BoxRec , and seventh by the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board .   Golovkin won his first major world championship , the WBA interim middleweight title , by defeating Milton Núñez in 2010 . He was elevated to WBA ( Regular ) champion in the same year , and in 2011 would win the vacant IBO middleweight title by defeating Lajuan Simon . In 2014 , Golovkin was elevated to his current status of WBA ( Super ) champion and successfully defended both his titles against Daniel Geale . Later that year he defeated Marco Antonio Rubio to add the WBC interim middleweight title to his collection , and defeated David Lemieux in 2015 to win the IBF middleweight title . After Canelo Álvarez vacated his WBC middleweight title in 2016 , Golovkin was elevated to full champion and now holds world titles by three of the four major boxing sanctioning bodies .   A calculating pressure fighter , Golovkin is known for his powerful and precise punching , balance , and methodical movement . With a streak of 23 knockouts that spanned from 22 November 2008 to 18 March 2017 , he holds the highest knockout percentage -- 89.8 % -- in middleweight championship history . In 2016 , he achieved his 17th title defense by knockout , which equalled the record set by Wilfredo Gómez in 1982 . Golovkin is also said to have one of the best chins in modern boxing , having never been knocked down or knocked out in a total of 387 fights , neither as a professional nor amateur .   In his amateur career , Golovkin won a gold medal in the middleweight division at the 2003 World Championships . He went on to represent Kazakhstan at the 2004 Summer Olympics , winning a middleweight silver medal .

pos: Daniel Geale Daniel Geale ( born 26 February 1981 ) is an Australian professional boxer . He is a former unified middleweight champion , having held the IBF middleweight title from 2011 to 2013 , and the WBA ( Super ) title in 2012 . Additionally he held the IBO middleweight title from 2007 to 2009 . As an amateur , Geale won a gold medal in the welterweight division at the 2002 Commonwealth Games .

pos: 2003 World Amateur Boxing Championships The men 's 2003 World Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Bangkok , Thailand , from July 6 to July 13 . The competition was organised by the world governing body for amateur boxing AIBA .

pos: BoxRec BoxRec or boxrec.com is a website dedicated to holding updated records of professional boxers , both male and female . It also maintains a MediaWiki-based encyclopaedia of boxing .   The objective of the site is to document every professional boxer and boxing match from the instigation of the Queensberry Rules up to the present times . BoxRec publishes ratings for all active boxers and all time ratings . Since 2012 the site has hosted Barry Hugman 's History of World Championship Boxing .

pos: Wilfredo Gómez Wilfredo Gómez Rivera ( -LSB- wilˈfɾeðo ˈɣomes -RSB- ; born October 29 , 1956 ) , sometimes referred to as Bazooka Gómez , is a Puerto Rican former professional boxer and three-time world champion . He is frequently mentioned among the best Puerto Rican boxers of all time by sports journalists and analysts , along with Félix Trinidad , Miguel Cotto , Wilfred Benítez , Esteban De Jesús , Edwin Rosario , and Carlos Ortíz . His seventeen consecutive knockouts in championship defenses is a record for all boxing divisions .

pos: Boxing styles and technique Throughout the history of gloved boxing styles , techniques and strategies have changed to varying degrees . Ring conditions , promoter demands , teaching techniques , and the influence of successful boxers are some of the reasons styles and strategies have fluctuated .  One reason why research in this area is complex is because boxing itself is a complex endeavor where no person is psychologically , mentally , or physiologically exact . No era had strange holds on particular styles of boxing . Prevailing techniques of one era overlap into prevailing styles of another as well as coming full circle around .

pos: The Ring magazine Pound for Pound The Ring magazine Pound for Pound is the official list of the current pound for pound professional boxing rankings distributed by The Ring magazine .

pos: Milton Núñez (boxer) Milton Núñez ( born September 25 , 1987 ) is a Colombian middleweight boxer . Nunez 's biggest fight was against Gennady Golovkin for the interim WBA middleweight title . In this title fight , Milton lost by knockout in 58 seconds .   Milton also fought , and lost , against fellow Colombian Nilson Julio Tapia . Milton fought former IBF light middleweight title challenger Deandre Latimore on Showtime on February 24 , 2012 where Milton lost by majority decision .   Other world champion or world title challenger opponents of Milton include Sergio Mora , Daniel Jacobs , Dmitry Chudinov , and Matt Korobov - all ending in losses .

neg: David Vygodsky David Isaakovich Vygodsky ( Russian : Дави́д Исаа́кович Вы́годский ) ( September 23 , 1893 -- 1943 ) was a Russian literary critic , translator , poet , and teacher .   Born in Gomel in the Russian Empire ( now in Belarus ) into a nonreligious Jewish family , Vygodsky was the cousin of the well-known developmental psychologist Lev Vygotsky , on whom he was an important influence . He graduated from the Romance and Germanic division of Saint Petersburg State University and became a translator and teacher ; he translated from German ( Johannes Becher ) , French ( André Malraux ) , Hebrew ( Chaim Bialik ) , and especially Spanish ( Vicente Blasco Ibáñez , Benito Pérez Galdós , and others ) . At the time of the October Revolution and Civil War he was teaching Latin and giving lectures on modern literature in Gomel , but in the 1920s he moved to Petrograd . Zemlya ( Land ) , a collection of his own poetry , was published in 1922 ; in the same year , his article `` A Survey of New Jewish Poetry '' appeared in the Petrograd journal Parfenon . He was close to the OPOYAZ group , and his apartment was a meeting place for writers and students of literature ; `` it may have been here that -LSB- Lev -RSB- Vygotsky first met members of the formalist school and the acmeic poet Mandel ` shtam , one of his favorite poets . '' Marietta Shaginyan wrote this description : In Leningrad , on Mokhovaya Street , there was a typical Leningrad apartment house ... and in a typical gloomy Leningrad apartment in this building lived the man who in the first years of the October Revolution discovered for the Soviet reader the wonderful poetry of Cuba . He appeared shy and very pleasant , and it was impossible not to love and respect him . He was very pale , thin , short , with eyes that were kind and as clear as those of children beneath unusually thick eyebrows that almost shaded them . In the apartment there were books everywhere , piled to the ceiling and covering the floors . And they were n't enough for him . You would wait for him for hours , and then he would come back from Liteiny Avenue , where in those days alluring secondhand bookshops crowded both sides of the avenue , hauling home with difficulty a bunch of new books . And those books were greedily unwrapped , opened , and read , when sometimes there was nothing to eat at home . This marvelous Leningrad booklover , known at that time as a Hispanist who knew many languages , was David Isaakovich Vygodsky , a name that was widely known across the ocean . Even today books arrive at his Leningrad address from South America with touching inscriptions ... He was a friend of both Osip Mandelstam and Benedikt Livshits ; the latter dedicated a sonnet to him .   He was arrested on February 14 , 1938 ( as part of a general purge of translators ) and , despite an unusual and courageous campaign of support from such writers as Yury Tynyanov , Viktor Shklovsky , Konstantin Fedin . and Mikhail Zoshchenko , died in the Gulag .

neg: Artur Beterbiev Artur Asilbekovich Beterbiev ( Артур Асильбекович Бетербиев born 21 January 1985 ) is a Russian professional boxer . As an amateur he won a silver medal at the 2007 World Championships , gold at the 2009 World Championships , as well as gold at the 2006 and 2010 European Championships , all in the light-heavyweight division . He also reached the quarter-finals of the heavyweight bracket at the 2012 Olympics .   Beterbiev is particularly known for his formidable punching power , with all of his professional wins to date scored by knockout or stoppage .

neg: Men's Low-Kick at W.A.K.O. European Championships 2006 Skopje -67 kg The men 's welterweight ( 67 kg/147 .4 lbs ) Low-Kick division at the W.A.K.O. European Championships 2006 in Skopje was the sixth-lightest of the male Low-Kick tournaments involving fifteen fighters . Each of the matches was three rounds of two minutes each and was fought under Low-Kick kickboxing rules .   Because there was one too few fighters for a sixteen-man competition , one of the participants had a bye through to the quarter final stage . The tournament gold medallist was Nikolai Shtakhanov , who defeated fellow Russian Evgeny Grechishkin in the final by unanimous decision . Semi finalists Venelin Iankov from Bulgaria and France 's Mickael Lallemand won bronze medals for their efforts .

neg: Box hockey Box hockey is an active hand game played between two people with sticks , a puck and a compartmented box ( typically 5 - long ) , and typically played outdoors . The object of the game is to move a hockey puck through the center dividers , of the box , out through a hole placed at each end of the box , also known as the goal . The two players face one another on either side of the box , and each attempts to move the puck to their left . If a player succeeds in getting the puck to exit the box through the goal , the player scores one point ( or goal ) . The first player to score the predetermined number of goals wins the game .

neg: Boxing in Armenia Boxing ( բռնցքամարտ břntsk ` amart , literally `` fist fight '' ) in Armenia is a popular sport , that existed in the Armenian Highland since ancient times . Amateur boxing schools in the country appeared in early 1900s , by the mid-1950s boxing became one of the traditional sports in Armenia . In 1956 Vladimir Yengibaryan won a gold medal at the Olympics for the Soviet team . In early 21st century professional and amateur boxing in Armenia reached another peak . Most notably Arthur Abraham and Vic Darchinyan won several professional world champion titles . Dozens of amateur boxer have been placed in the top 3 of the world and Europe in their weight categories . Vladimir Yengibarian was the first man who opened boxing schools in Armenia

neg: Viktor Savchenko Viktor Grigorievich Savchenko ( Виктор Григорьевич Савченко , born 17 September 1952 ) is a retired Ukrainian amateur middleweight boxer . He won the European title in 1977 , the world title in 1978 , and two Olympic medals in 1976 and 1980 . Savchenko was the Soviet middleweight champion in 1977 and 1980 . He retired in 1982 with a record of 241 wins out of 271 bouts , and the same year graduated from the Dnipropetrovsk State Institute of Physical Culture . He later defended a PhD in pedagogy , and became department head and then rector at the same institute . He also served as a board member of the Ukrainian Boxing Federation and headed the Sports and Physical Culture Committee of Verkhovna Rada .

neg: Chordale Booker Chordale `` The Gift '' Booker ( born May 7 , 1991 ) is a professional boxer from Stamford , Connecticut with a 6-0 record ( 3 KO 's ) , promoted non-exclusively under Premier Boxing Champions . As an amateur , he compiled a record of 111-19 fighting out of New York Athletic Club , and was a two-time New York Metro Champion ( 2013 , 2014 ) , a three-time New York Boxing Champion ( 2012 , 2013 , 2014 ) , and the top ranked middleweight champion in the U.S. in 2015 , earning him a spot in the 2016 Olympic Boxing Trials where he lost a decision to eventual Olympian Charles Conwell by a point .

neg: 2005 Women's World Amateur Boxing Championships The 2005 Women 's World Amateur Boxing Championships was an international women 's boxing competition hosted by Russia from September 25 to October 2 , 2005 in Podolsk . It was the 3rd championship , which debuted 2001 in Scranton , Pennsylvania , United States .   The World Championship was contested in 13 weight disciplines by 152 amateur woman boxers from 28 countries .   Russia won seven gold , one silver and four bronze medals , while Canada finished second with one gold , one silver and two bronze medals , followed by India with a tally of 1-0-4 . The Canadian , Mary Spencer ( 66 kg ) was awarded `` Best Boxer of the Competition '' .

neg: Go ranks and ratings Skill in the traditional board game Go is measured by a number of different national , regional and online ranking and rating systems . Traditionally , go rankings have been measured using a system of dan and kyu ranks . Especially in amateur play , these ranks facilitate the handicapping system , with a difference of one rank roughly corresponding to one free move at the beginning of the game . This system is also commonly used in many oriental martial arts , where it often corresponds with a belt color . With the ready availability of calculators and computers , rating systems have been introduced . In such systems , a rating is rigorously calculated on the basis of game results .

neg: Old Man Bukashkin Evgeny Mikhailovich Malakhin ( -LSB- Евге́ний Миха́йлович Мала́хин , p = jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ mɐˈlaxʲɪn , a = Yevgyeniy Mihaylovich Malahin.ru.vorb.oga -RSB- 16 September 1938 - 13 March 2005 ) was an artist and poet of Yekaterinburg , Russia , remembered for his bohemian but simplistic lifestyle , short aphoristic verse and extravagant street art . Citizens came to know him simply as the Old Man Bukashkin ( -LSB- Стари́к Бу́кашкин , p = stɐˈrʲik ˈbukəʂkʲɪn -RSB- ) , the person in line somewhat of a skomorokh street-performer tradition . He himself humorously styled his title as `` the People 's Street sweeper of Russia '' , mocking the official People 's Artist title bestowed by the State .   Most of his life Evgeny had spent in Yekaterinburg . He graduated with a diploma in power engineering and worked as a power station supervisor . By and by his attention turned to art : he tried to bring the `` modern people 's culture '' to the spotlight , painting pictures over concrete fences of the city , over garbage containers . At some point special areas on existing concrete fences , both permanent and temporary , were granted for use , and this tradition exists in Yekaterinburg to this day .   After some time , he gained fame as the most extravagant city 's artist . He also authored short verses and prose and did some traditional art painting . At some moment he was taken up by the idea of posters against drunkenness . The increasing fame brought publishing offers from magazines and newspapers . Along with his friends he started a non-governmental art society `` Kartinnik '' ( from картина - a painting ) . In 1990-1992 he made the whole city surface his canvas , leaving his paintings here and there - on a garage wall , on a concrete fence . These works of art are now lost .   Annual posthumous exhibitions of Old Man Bukashkin 's art are run in Yekaterinburg . Ural State University 's culturology and art faculty has a small exhibition devoted to him . In 2007-2008 some tramway cars were decorated with the old works of the members of `` Kartinnik '' society .

neg: 7 Boxes 7 Boxes ( released in Spanish as 7 Cajas ) is a Paraguayan thriller film directed by Juan Carlos Maneglia and Tana Schémbori .   Initially the film was to be released in June 2011 , but was delayed when the film was accepted as a competitor in the International Film Festival of San Sebastian in Spain .   After months of work , the film was finally released on August 10 , 2012 , and received praise from critics and the public as well as breaking box office records in Paraguayan cinemas . 7 Boxes won the `` Films in Progress '' in what was the first unanimous decision in the festival 's history . The film participated at the Moscow International Film Festival in 2013 ( translators : Andrey Efremov , Anton Titov ) .

neg: Gennadiy Aygi Gennadiy Nikolaevich Aygi ( -LSB- Генна́дий Никола́евич Айги́ , p = ɡʲɪˈnadʲɪj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ ɐjˈɡʲi , a = Gyennadiy Nikolayevich Aygi.ru.vorb.oga -RSB- , Геннадий Николаевич Айхи 21 August 1934 -- 21 February 2006 in Moscow ) was a Chuvash poet and a translator . His poetry is written both in Chuvash and in Russian .   He was born in the village of Shaimurzino ( Çĕnyal ) , Chuvashia ( USSR ) , moved to Moscow in 1953 and stayed there for the rest of his life . Aygi started writing poetry in the Chuvash language in 1958 .   Among the recognitions he has won are the Andrey Bely Prize ( 1987 ) , the Pasternak Prize ( 2000 , the first to be awarded this ) , the Prize of the French Academy ( 1972 ) , the Petrarch Prize ( 1993 ) , the Golden Wreath of the Struga Poetry Evenings in 1994 and the Jan Smrek Prize ( Bratislava , Slovakia ) .   In 2003 Aygi was participating in the `` international literature festival berlin '' .   Sofia Gubaidulina set several of his poems to music in her cycle Jetzt immer Schnee ( `` Now always snow '' ) .   His son Aleksey Aygi is a composer .

neg: List of British middleweight boxing champions List of British middleweight boxing champions is a table showing the boxers who have won the British middleweight championship . The title has been sanctioned by the National Sporting Club since 1909 , and later by its replacement the British Boxing Board of Control since 1929 .   A champion may retire or voluntarily relinquish the title in order to fight for a higher-ranked championship . Where a champion relinquished the title , the date of his final defence is shown with `` ( rel ) '' after it . If he did not defend his title , then `` ( rel ) '' is shown after the date at which he won the title .

neg: Vyacheslav Glazkov Vyacheslav Valeriyovych Glazkov ( В ' ячеслав Валерійович Глазков , born 15 October 1984 ) is a Ukrainian professional boxer who fights at heavyweight . As an amateur in the super heavyweight division , he won a silver medal at the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships and bronze at the 2008 Summer Olympics .

neg: Johnson Box A Johnson Box is a box commonly found at the top of direct mail letters , containing the key message of the letter . The purpose of it is to draw the reader 's attention to this key message first , and hopefully grab their attention , enticing them to read the rest of the letter .   A Johnson Box is very effective , but it lends a `` salesy '' air to a letter , and so is considered inappropriate for letters that are intended to be formal or personal .   It has also been adapted to the email format , having the additional benefit of allowing the most important message in the email to be visible in the preview pane of an email reader .   The Johnson Box is named after direct marketer Frank Johnson , who is credited with using the Johnson Box to improve response to his offers for American Heritage magazine . He does not claim credit for creating the device , claiming to have only popularized it .   The Johnson Box has since `` evolved '' by use . It is often used at the middle of the page , particularly to highlight a testimony or an important sentence from the writing . It is now even used to surround an order form at the bottom right of the page which re-iterates the benefit and offer .

neg: Yuri Bessmertny Yuri Gorbachev ( Юрый Гарбачоў , born August 27 , 1987 ) , better known as Yuri Bessmertny , is a Belarusian Muay Thai kickboxer who competes in the middleweight and super middleweight divisions . After taking up Muay Thai at thirteen years old , he began his career in 2004 and rose to prominence by becoming a five-time national champion at both amateur and professional levels . Having established himself domestically , he then went on to win numerous European , intercontinental and world titles while fighting mostly in the former Soviet Union . In 2011 , he won the Fight Code Dragon Series tournament featuring sixteen top 72.5 kg/160 lb fighters from around the world to break into the middleweight elite .

neg: Vitaliy Denisov Vitaliy Gennadievich Denisov ( Виталий Геннадьевич Денисов born 23 February 1987 ) is an Uzbek footballer with Belarusian origins , currently playing for Russian Premier League club Lokomotiv Moscow as a left-back . He is a member of the Uzbekistan national football team .   He is the son of Gennadi Denisov .

neg: Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto , billed as `` High Stakes '' , was a professional boxing fight , contested for the welterweight championship . The bout was held on September 12 , 2015 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas , Nevada on Showtime PPV Mayweather Jr. confirmed his retirement after the bout .   Mayweather dominated the fight , landing an impressive 56 % -LSB- 232/410 -RSB- punches thrown , and 67 % of power punches -LSB- 132/196 -RSB- compared to Berto 's underwhelming number of 16 % -LSB- 83/495 -RSB- punches landed and 22 % -LSB- 39/177 -RSB- of power punches thrown . Mayweather won the fight , 120-108 , 118-110 and 117-111 .

neg: Gennadi Maslyayev Gennadi Aleksandrovich Maslyayev ( Геннадий Александрович Масляев born 21 November 1958 in Gorky , now Nizhny Novgorod ) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player .   He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1985 for FC Khimik Dzerzhinsk .   He worked as a referee from 1996 to 2001 .


query: Ralph Fiennes has performed theater.

pos: Ralph Fiennes Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes ( -LSB- ˈreɪf_ˈfaɪnz -RSB- born 22 December 1962 ) is an English actor , director and producer . A noted Shakespeare interpreter , he first achieved success onstage at the Royal National Theatre .   Fiennes ' portrayal of Nazi war criminal Amon Göth in Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor , and he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role . His performance as Count Almásy in The English Patient ( 1996 ) garnered him a second Academy Award nomination , for Best Actor , as well as BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations .   Since then , Fiennes has been in a number of notable films , including Quiz Show ( 1994 ) , Strange Days ( 1995 ) , The End of the Affair ( 1999 ) , Red Dragon ( 2002 ) , The Constant Gardener ( 2005 ) , In Bruges ( 2008 ) , The Reader ( 2008 ) , Clash of the Titans ( 2010 ) , Great Expectations ( 2012 ) and The Grand Budapest Hotel ( 2014 ) . He voiced Rameses in The Prince of Egypt ( 1998 ) and Alfred Pennyworth in The Lego Batman Movie ( 2017 ) . Fiennes is also known for his roles in major film franchises such as the Harry Potter film series ( 2005 -- 2011 ) , in which he played the villainous Lord Voldemort , and the James Bond series , in which he has played Gareth Mallory / M , starting with the 2012 film Skyfall .   In 2011 , Fiennes made his directorial debut with his film adaptation of Shakespeare 's tragedy Coriolanus , in which he also played the title character . Fiennes won a Tony Award for playing Prince Hamlet on Broadway . Since 1999 , Fiennes has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK . One of the highest profile actors in contemporary British popular culture , Fiennes appeared on Debrett 's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK .

neg: Fiend (film) Fiend is a 1980 American B movie science fiction horror film directed and written by low-budget filmmaker Don Dohler , shot in Milford , Delaware and starring Don Leifert , Elaine White , Richard Nelson , and George Stover . The film had U.S. theatrical release in September 1980 .

neg: Theatre Guild The Theatre Guild is a theatrical society founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner , Philip Moeller , Helen Westley and Theresa Helburn . Langner 's wife , Armina Marshall , then served as a co-director . It evolved out of the work of the Washington Square Players .   Its original purpose was to produce non-commercial works by American and foreign playwrights . It differed from other theaters at the time in that its board of directors shared the responsibility of choosing plays , management , and production . The Theatre Guild contributed greatly to the success of Broadway from the 1920s throughout the 1970s .   The Guild has produced a total of 228 plays on Broadway , including 18 by George Bernard Shaw and seven by Eugene O'Neill . Other major playwrights introduced to theatre-going Americans include Robert E. Sherwood , Maxwell Anderson , Sidney Howard , William Saroyan , and Philip Barry . In the field of musical theatre , the Guild has promoted works by Richard Rodgers , teamed with both Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II , George and Ira Gershwin , Jule Styne , and Meredith Willson , all of which have become classics . Under President John F. Kennedy , the Guild was engaged to assemble a U.S. theatre company , headed by Helen Hayes , to tour the capitals of Europe and South America with works by Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , and William Gibson .   In 1968 , the Guild became involved in the travel field by taking 25 of its subscribers to European capitals to see plays . In 1975 , it instituted its Theatre At Sea program with a 17-day cruise aboard the Rotterdam with Hayes and Cyril Ritchard . Since then they have hosted more than thirty cruises , each with seven or eight performers . Among them have been Alan Arkin , Zoe Caldwell , Anne Jackson , Cherry Jones , Richard Kiley , Eartha Kitt , Patricia Neal , Lynn Redgrave , Gena Rowlands , Jean Stapleton , Eli Wallach , and Lee Roy Reams , who served as the program 's resident director .   The last Broadway play produced by The Theatre Guild was State Fair in 1996 .

neg: Cornerstone Theater Company Cornerstone Theater Company is a theater company based in the United States that specializes in community-based collaboration . According to the mission statement published on the company 's website , `` Cornerstone Theater Company is a multi-ethnic , ensemble-based theater company . We commission and produce new plays , both original works and contemporary adaptations of classics , which combine the artistry of professional and community collaborators . By making theater with and for people of many ages , cultures and levels of theatrical experience , Cornerstone builds bridges between and within diverse communities in our home city of Los Angeles and nationwide . ''   Typically , Cornerstone artists take up residence in the community they will be working with and develop the script for a production . Using members of the community , Cornerstone creates a performance company mixing the professional Cornerstone ensemble with local talent . The resulting plays are often adaptations of classics , but they are always informed by and often address local concerns . These plays are often organized into `` Cycles '' which include several related communities . For example , Cornerstone 's Faith Based cycles included plays created with members of the Jewish community , Catholics , Muslims , and so on .   This artistic strategy is specifically aimed at developing and serving new audiences , and yields a unique theater form that blends professional actors , playwrights and stage designers with artists and actors who are in some way telling their own stories , or the stories of their community .

neg: Blairstown Theater Festival The Blairstown Theater Festival operated from December 2006 through November 2007 at historic Roy 's Hall ( also known as Roy 's Theatre ) , a former silent movie theater built in 1913 at 30 Main Street in Blairstown , New Jersey .   On July 13 , 2007 , the company attracted considerable media attention when they presented three screenings of the classic horror film , Friday the 13th , which was shot in and around Blairstown in the fall of 1979 . Roy 's Hall appears in the film shortly after the opening credits .   The company 's January 2007 production of Letters from the Inside was selected by The Star-Ledger as one of the top five new plays of the 2006 -- 2007 New Jersey theater season and actress Kelli Ambrose , who played Mandy in Letters from the Inside , was selected as one of the top five Best Leading Actresses in a Play .   Among the other concerts and productions presented by the Blairstown Theater Festival were Nancy Anderson singing early Broadway songs backed by the Baroque Orchestra of North Jersey ( Baroque to Broadway ) , the Still River Band in Concert , Malachy McCourt and Jarlath Conroy in A Couple of Blaguards , Betsy Palmer and Will Hutchins in A.R. Gurney 's Love Letters , the New Jersey premiere of I Am Anne Frank , and concerts by cabaret performers KT Sullivan ( Vienna to Weimar ) , John O'Neil ( ` So Kaye ) , the Western Wind Vocal Ensemble ( Holiday Light ) , Cris Groenendaal ( Music of the Night ) , Jana Robbins ( One Hell of a Ride ! The Songs of Cy Coleman ) and jazz pianist Bill Mays and his Inventions Trio .   The company also presented several film festivals with such classic titles as Gone with the Wind , Casablanca , Seven Samurai , Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein , A Night at the Opera , The Court Jester , -LSB- -LSB- Beauty and the Beast ( 1946 film ) | La Belle et la Bête -RSB- -RSB- , Black Orpheus , Mon Oncle , The Wages of Fear and La Strada .   The Blairstown Theater Festival was not able to continue past its first season for several reasons . Most significantly , Blairstown Township suddenly increased the real estate taxes on the building by more than 680 % ( from $ 1,031.55 to $ 7,032.30 ) and the landlord decided to sell the theatre .   A CD featuring highlights from the Blairstown Theater Festival 's season was released in February 2008 .

neg: Causa Mortis Causa Mortis is a satiric play by Jacob M. Appel that lampoons the modern medical establishment . The plot focuses on a woman , Eleanor , whose brain surgeon has accidentally left his watch in her skull . Her daughters urge her to have the timepiece extracted before it harms her , but every surgeon who attempts to remove it dies during the process . Critic Donald Calamia described the play as `` a needle in the eyes of an industry that far-too often refuses to admit its human failings . ''   The play opened at Detroit Repertory Theatre in November 2009 . The production was directed by Bruce E. Millan . It featured actress Sandra Birch as Eleanor , Lisa Lauren Smith as an inept medical student assisting in Eleanor 's care and Yolanda Jack as a quadriplegic amnesiac who shares her hospital room . It premiered in Canada at the South Simcoe Theater in Cookstown in May 2013 under the direction of Nancy Knapp   The play premiered at the height of public debate over healthcare reform in the United States , a phenomenon noted by many critics .   William Roetzheim selected Causa Mortis for inclusion in Regional Best 2011 as one of the nine top plays to premiere at regional theaters during the 2009-10 season .

neg: Egyptian Theatre Egyptian-style theatres are based on the traditional and historic design elements of Ancient Egypt .   The first Egyptian Theatre to be constructed in the US -- which inspired many of the identically-named theatres that followed it -- was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood , California . For several years , Hollywood developer Charles E. Toberman attempted to convince Sid Grauman to locate in Hollywood . During a meeting , Sid told Mr. Toberman of his desire to build a theatre of Egyptian design . Mr. Toberman then secured a piece of property on Hollywood Boulevard , just east of McCadden Place . The architectural firm of Meyer & Holler were hired to design the theatre . The result was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre with a seating of 1770 . The approach to the theatre was through a courtyard . Inside , the stage was flanked by carved columns and models of the Sphinx . The theatre was opened on October 19 , 1922 with the grand premiere of `` Robin Hood '' starring Douglas Fairbanks . `` In a 1983 article in Hollywood Studio Magazine , Mike Hughes wrote of the Egyptian : `` A survivor of the decay that unfortunately characterizes the Hollywood Boulevard of today , the Egyptian is a reminder of the glamour that once made the Boulevard famous . Perhaps through the dedicated efforts of such citizens as Bruce Torrence , author of Hollywood : The First 100 Years and grandson of Mr. Charles Toberman , who built the Egyptian , the Hollywood Boulevard of yesteryear will reappear some great day in the future . When that happens , the Egyptian Theatre , jewel that it is , will be there to herald in the new age of film town . '' '' United Artists was the last owner of the Egyptian Theatre before it closed in 1992 . The American Cinematheque purchased the theatre from the city for $ 1 with the provision that this historical landmark would be restored to its original grandeur and re-opened as a movie theatre showcasing the organizations celebrated , public programming . ''   The Eldorado Theatre located in Eldorado Amusement Park , Weehawken , New Jersey opened in 1891 and featured ` Egypt Through Centuries ' each evening . The creators of the park , Palisades Amusement and Exhibition Company , published a book titled `` Egypt Through the Centuries '' in 1892 .   Many of the other theatres that copied Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre were part of the wave of Egyptian revival architecture that occurred after the November 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb by Howard Carter .   Unlike the many theatres that followed in its wake , Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre was designed , built , named and opened before the 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb . The news of the tomb 's discovery reached the US a few weeks after the theatre opened .   Early in the 20th century , it is estimated that up to 100 of these theatre types were constructed across the US . Many of them no longer exist , but there are many fine examples of this style still in use today . Conrad Schmitt Studios has played a big part in the restoration of these atmospheric theatres , including Egyptian Theatres in Park City , Utah , Ogden , Utah , Boise , Idaho , Delta , Colorado , and DeKalb , Illinois .

neg: Light Opera of Manhattan Light Opera of Manhattan , known as LOOM , was an Off-Broadway repertory theatre company that produced light operas , including the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and European and American operettas , 52 weeks per year , in New York City between 1968 and 1989 .   Founded by William Mount-Burke , LOOM 's first long-term home was in the Jan Hus theatre from the late 1960s to 1975 , where it succeeded another small light opera company , the American Savoyards . At the Jan Hus , LOOM performed predominantly the Savoy operas of Gilbert and Sullivan , such as The Pirates of Penzance , The Mikado and H.M.S. Pinafore . Led by conductor-director Mount-Burke , principal comedian Raymond Allen and choreographer/stage manager Jerry Gotham , the company mentored many young actors and singers who went on to careers on Broadway or elsewhere in theatre or music .   In 1975 , the company moved across the street to a legitimate Off-Broadway theatre , the Eastside Playhouse . There it expanded its repertoire beyond Gilbert and Sullivan to American and continental operettas , such as those of Victor Herbert , Rudolph Friml , Franz Lehár , Sigmund Romberg , Jacques Offenbach and Johann Strauss II . LOOM was often featured on WQXR radio .   By 1979 , diabetes had blinded William Mount-Burke , but he continued to conduct and even to direct new productions . The company remained strong until 1984 , when Mount-Burke died and the company 's playhouse was closed and subsequently demolished . After this , led by Allen and Gotham , with music director Todd Ellison , the company played in a series of theatres around New York that challenged its ability to keep its Upper East Side audience , and it was forced constantly to raise funds . In 1986 , the company closed , opening for its final seasons from 1987 to 1989 .

neg: Golda's Balcony Golda 's Balcony is a play by William Gibson .   It follows the trajectory of the life of Golda Meir from Russian immigrant to American schoolteacher to a leader of international politics as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel . Much of its focus is on the period surrounding the 1973 Yom Kippur War , when Israel was attacked by Egypt and Syria . Gibson 's drama suggests Meir threatened Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger with the launch of nuclear weapons against her enemies , conceivably starting World War III , unless the U.S. came to her country 's aid .   Gibson first explored Meir in 1977 in his multi-character work Golda , which was produced on Broadway with Anne Bancroft in the title role . Never fully satisfied with the piece , he decided to tackle the subject matter , this time in the form of a one-woman play .   Golda 's Balcony , produced by David Fishelson , opened Off-Broadway at Manhattan Ensemble Theatre ( `` MET '' ) on March 26 , 2003 , where it sold out its entire 16-week run . Three months after closing Off-Broadway , the MET production , also starring Tovah Feldshuh and produced by Fishelson ( directed by Scott Schwartz ) , opened on October 15 , 2003 at the Helen Hayes Theatre , where it ran for 14 previews and 493 performances , making it the longest-running one-woman show in Broadway history .   Feldshuh was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance .   In 2006 the play was adapted into a film of the same title , starring Valerie Harper .   The term `` Golda 's Balcony '' refers to the nickname given to an area inside the secretive Dimona nuclear weapons facility from which visiting VIPs can observe some of the activity taking place in the underground portion of the facility .

neg: Nikos Psacharopoulos Nikos Psacharopoulos ( born Athens , January 18 , 1928 , died St. John , U.S. Virgin Islands , on January 12 , 1989 ) was an American theater producer , director , and educator .   Born Nickolas Konstantin Athanasios Psacharopoulos VII , he claimed to have organized his first theatrical troupe at age 15 under the Nazi occupation of his homeland . He moved to the United States in 1947 and attended Oberlin College where he directed productions for the Oberlin Mummers . He graduated in 1951 with a degree in art history . Three years later he received a Master of Fine Arts Degree in theater direction from the Yale Drama School . In 1955 , he joined the faculty of Yale 's undergraduate theater studies department and also taught in the graduate Drama School , where he remained until his death of colon cancer at age 60 .   Psacharopoulos was a co-founder of the Williamstown Theater Festival ( WTF ) in 1955 , based in the Adams Memorial Theater on the campus of Williams College . Psacharopoulos went on to serve as WTF 's sole artistic executive director for 33 years , creating a professional summer theater that was more than a typical summer stock escapist operation . He was aided for many years by Tom Brennan , who served as the WTF associate director . Under Psacharopoulos ' leadership , WTF specialized in the plays of Anton Chekhov and Bertolt Brecht , as well as the work of many classic American playwrights such as Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , Arthur Miller , and Archibald MacLeish . Psacharopoulos traveled often between his Greek homeland and New York City , his main residence , where he staged theater productions with the Circle-in-the-Square , the New York Pro Musica , and City Opera .   Psacharopoulos ' international reputation and demanding artistry drew many famous actors to perform with the WTF , names such as Frank Langella , Kate Burton , Rosemary Harris , Blythe Danner , and Colleen Dewhurst . To all -- his `` stars '' and apprentices -- he was a man of great style , a gourmet who would excuse himself from a table of friends to confer with a restaurant 's chef ; he was something of a dandy who , nevertheless , was always addressed simply as `` Nikos . ''   Many directors and leaders of American theater were inspired by Nikos ' guidance . Each year he would choose an assistant from his students at Yale to accompany him to WTF to experience their first seasons as professional directors . Peter H. Hunt , Austin Pendleton , Keith Fowler , and Arvin Brown are among those who first served with Nikos .

neg: Ralph Richardson, roles and awards Sir Ralph Richardson ( 1902 -- 1983 ) was an English actor who appeared on radio , film , television and stage . Described by The Guardian as `` indisputably our most poetic actor '' , and by the director David Ayliff as `` a natural actor ... -LSB- who -RSB- could n't stop being a perfect actor '' , Richardson 's career lasted over 50 years . He was -- in the words of his biographer , Sheridan Morley -- one `` of the three great actor knights of the mid-twentieth century '' , alongside Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud .   After seeing a production of Hamlet starring Sir Frank Benson , Richardson decided to become an actor and made his stage debut , playing a gendarme in The Bishop 's Candlesticks in December 1920 . After touring and appearing in rep , he made his London debut in July 1926 as the stranger in Oedipus at Colonus . In 1930 he joined the Old Vic where he first met Gielgud , staying with the company until the following year . After service during the Second World War with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve , he returned to acting , preferring the works of the more modern authors Luigi Pirandello , Joe Orton , Harold Pinter , George Bernard Shaw and J. B. Priestley to the classic plays of Shakespeare . A radio career ran in parallel to that on the stage , and Richardson was first broadcast in The City in 1929 .   Richardson 's film career began in 1931 as an uncredited extra in Dreyfus ; he did not take film seriously as a medium , but undertook the work for money . His career in film was described by the film historian Brian McFarlane , writing for the British Film Institute , as `` prolific and random '' ; McFarlane considered that in Richardson 's performances , `` he would remind one that he had few peers and no superiors in his particular line '' . Richardson won many awards for his performances on stage and screen before his death , including a BAFTA award for The Sound Barrier ; an Evening Standard Award for Home , which he shared with John Gielgud ; and a special Laurence Olivier Award . His final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes -- for which he received further critical plaudits and award nominations -- was released after his death .

neg: Mélo Mélo is a 1929 play by Henri Bernstein which premiered in the US in 1931 at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre .

neg: The Seven Descents of Myrtle The Seven Descents of Myrtle is a play by Tennessee Williams . It originally began as a short story , which Williams then turned into a one-act play , and then later revised it into the seven-act play that is accepted today . Its title character is reminiscent of another Williams ' heroine , Blanche Dubois in A Streetcar Named Desire .   Originally titled Kingdom of Earth , the serio-comic play focuses on Lot , a tubercular neurotic youth who is an impotent transvestite overly attached to the memory of his late mother . He has returned to his ancestral home , a decaying house on the edge of a river on the verge of overflowing , with his new bride Myrtle , a sometime prostitute and former showgirl , the sole survivor of the Five Memphis Hot Shots . She dwells in a fantasy world of romantic illusions , one of which is to nurse Lot back to health so they can consummate their marriage , but soon discovers Lot only wants to use her to steal the deed to the property from his multiracial half-brother Chicken , who has lived on and farmed the property for years . Once he meets Myrtle , he gets some romantic designs of his own .   The Broadway production was produced by David Merrick and directed by José Quintero . After two previews , it opened on March 27 , 1968 , at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and closed after 29 performances . It starred Brian Bedford as Lot , Harry Guardino as Chicken , and Estelle Parsons as Myrtle . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play .   In 1970 , the play was adapted to a feature film and released under the title Last of the Mobile Hot Shots ( aka `` Blood Kin '' ) .   A 1975 production in London , at the Greenwood Theatre , starring Marianne Faithfull as Myrtle , was cancelled after just three performances when Ms Faithfull fell ill with peritonitis .   In 1976 , the play had its West Coast premiere at The Pasadena Repertory Theatre located in The Hotel Carver in Pasadena , California . It starred Marie Peckinpah as Myrtle , Duane Waddell as Chicken , and Ed Harris as Lot . It featured a remarkable three story , rain-drenched set by Howard Whalen . The play was presented under Williams ' original title `` Kingdom of Earth '' and ran for approximately 24 weekend performances over three months . It was directed by Gill Dennis , with executive producer Duane Waddell , and produced by Kevin Cloud Brechner .   In 1991 , the play was produced in the UK at the Redgrave Theatre , Farnham starring Kit Hollerbach as Myrtle , Stephen Hattersley as Chicken and Marc Warren as Lot in a production directed by Bill Bankes-Jones . Stephen Hattersley won Best Actor 1991 in the TMA Awards for his performance in this production .   In 2011 it was revived at the Print Room in Notting Hill , under its alternative title Kingdom of Earth , directed by Lucy Bailey .   In 2012 , Tom Hiddleston did a reading of the short story version for the series Stories Before Bedtime at the Criterion-Theatre in the United Kingdom . This short story is a more erotic version written in the first person from the perspective of Chicken .

neg: Land of the Blind Land of the Blind is a 2006 British-American black comedy drama film starring Ralph Fiennes , Donald Sutherland , Tom Hollander and Lara Flynn Boyle .   Land of the Blind is a dark political satire , based on several incidents throughout history in which tyrannical rulers were overthrown by new leaders who proved to be just as bad , if not worse , and subtle references are made to several such cases . The title is taken from the saying , `` In the land of the blind , the one-eyed man is king . ''   Land of the Blind had its world premiere in competition at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and was the Opening Night Gala film at the 2006 Human Rights Watch Film Festival in London . Its U.S. premiere was in competition at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival . The film sparked intense reaction during its festival run , attacked by both left and right , each of which saw the film as a critique of its position .   Historical references in the film include Jean-Paul Marat ( from the French Revolution ) , Kim Jong-Il , Joseph Stalin , Benito Mussolini , Augusto Pinochet , Anastasio Somoza Debayle , François Duvalier , Rudolph Hess , Jean-Claude Duvalier , Lyndon B. Johnson , Julius Caesar ( from William Shakespeare 's play ) , Robert Mugabe , Ngo Dinh Diem , Idi Amin , the PIRA Maze prison protests , U.S. POWs in Vietnam , the Weathermen terrorist group , the Khmer Rouge , the 1979 Revolution in Iran , and the subsequent Cultural Revolution in that country .

neg: Fanny's First Play Fanny 's First Play is a 1911 play by George Bernard Shaw . It was first performed as an anonymous piece , the authorship of which was to be kept secret . However , critics soon recognised it as the work of Shaw . It opened at the Little Theatre in the Adelphi in London on 19 April 1911 and ran for 622 performances . The mystery over the authorship helped to publicise it . It had the longest run of any of Shaw 's plays . A second production opened on Broadway on September 16 , 1912 for 256 performances . The play toured the provinces in England in the same year .   It features a play within a play . The framing play is a satire of theatre critics , whose characters were based upon Shaw 's own detractors , in some cases being caricatures of real critics of the day . The main play is a pastiche of the drawing room comedies in vogue at the time .

neg: Fiorello! Fiorello ! is a musical about New York City mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia , a reform Republican who took on the Tammany Hall political machine . The book is by Jerome Weidman and George Abbott , drawn substantially from the 1955 volume Life With Fiorello by Ernest Cuneo , with lyrics by Sheldon Harnick , and music by Jerry Bock . It is one of only nine musicals to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .

neg: Carlo Mazzone-Clementi Carlo Mazzone-Clementi ( 12 December 1920 -- 5 November 2000 ) was a performer and founder of two schools of commedia , mime and physical theater as well as a contemporary and colleague of leaders of modern European theater . From his arrival in the USA in 1957 , he was largely responsible for the spreading of commedia dell ` arte in North America .   He first gained attention in Italy in 1947 alongside Marcel Marceau in the mime 's first tour outside of Paris . From 1948 to 1951 , he assisted Jacques Lecoq , while Lecoq taught and directed the Players of Padua University . In 1954 , Mazzone-Clementi was at Piccolo Teatro di Milano with Dario Fo and Franca Rame .   While he was performing with Piccolo Teatro as well as teaching in Rome , the American theatre scholar and director Eric Bentley came to Italy to direct the Padua Players company in the first Italian production of Bertolt Brecht . Then , with Bentley 's patronage , Mazzone-Clementi toured the United States in 1958 , conducting workshops in mime and commedia , and introducing the leather masks of Amleto Sartori to this country . That led to a teaching assignment at the Carnegie Institute of Technology , followed by Brandeis University , the University of California at Berkeley , the American Conservatory Theater and others . He was known as Carlo Mazzone until 1965 when he worked with the new acting ensemble at the Theatre of Lincoln Center . From then on he was known as Carlo Mazzone-Clementi . Clementi was the name of his mother and his grandfather , Girolamo Clementi , who was versed in the work of Paduan playwright and forerunner of commedia dell ` arte , Angelo Beolco , known as `` Ruzzante . ''   In 1972 , Mazzone-Clementi and his wife Jane Hill , a graduate of Carnegie-Mellon , went to Humboldt County , California to conduct summer workshops at their rural property . From this experience came the decision to re-locate permanently in Humboldt and to establish a full-time actor training program . In 1974 , the couple purchased the Oddfellows Hall in Blue Lake , California and co-founded the Dell ' Arte School of Mime and Comedy , now known as the Dell ` Arte International School of Physical Theatre . Hill also joined the faculty at College of the Redwoods , where the pair created the Grand Comedy Festival at Qual-a-wa-loo , a summer repertory festival that produced plays of Shakespeare in rotation with musical adaptations of those plays ; Mazzone-Clementi served as the festival 's artistic director for six years . In 1974 their article , `` Commedia and the Actor '' was published in The Drama Review TDR ( journal ) .   Mazzone-Clementi moved to Copenhagen , Denmark in 1984 and founded a second sister theater school there , named the Commedia School . In 1994 returned to California and continued teaching until shortly before his death on 5 November 2000 in San Francisco .

neg: Theatre Tulsa Theatre Tulsa , Inc. is a community theatre company in Tulsa , Oklahoma , USA .   Theatre Tulsa , the longest running community theatre west of the Mississippi and seventh in the nation , has had a prosperous but sometimes difficult history . The theatre has survived multiple wars , fires , and economic depressions . Theatre Tulsa started as a small community theatre that played shows in a tent , and grew to the largest community theatre in the nation in the 1970s , followed by years of decline and a recent re-invigoration that includes the new creation of a Broadway Series main stage season , a Next Stage series season composed of new works , and a Family Series season for children , families , and arts education programming .   Tulsa Little Theatre was incorporated December . 10 , 1922 by Mrs. Bonnie Reed and Mrs. Hope Holway . Despite the Great Depression , the group managed to raise money to build a theater which was christened with a performance of The Cradle Song in February 1932 . Two years later , the group incorporated as Tulsa Little Theatre . Struggling through the next few years , the theater survived a threatened bank foreclosure in 1935 after a number of donors stepped in , and in 1940 the theater paid off its mortgage . During World War II , it produced shows for military camps and veterans ' hospitals . Tulsa Little Little Theatre prospered , and by 1959 was the largest non-professional theater company in the country . In 1964 , its membership was 8,000 strong . By 1972 it had the largest community theater membership in the nation and had counted 1.5 million members over the past 50 years . In 1974 Tulsa Little Theatre changed its name to Theatre Tulsa , Inc. . Theatre Tulsa remains active today producing 10 productions a year that include modern and classic dramas , comedies , and musicals .   Theatre Tulsa has had many firsts ; it was the first community theater in the country to premiere Our Town ( 1939 ) and All My Sons ( 1947 ) ; the musical Brownstone ( 1985 ) ; `` Miracle on 34th Street : A Musical Adaptation '' ( a 1993 original musical written for Theatre Tulsa ) ; `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' ( 2003 ) ; and the first American production of Pitmen Painters ( 2011 ) . Theatre Tulsa 's production of Forever Plaid sold out more than 400 shows in 1995 and 1996 . Some noted performers , including Jeanne Tripplehorn , Kristin Chenoweth and Sam Harris , received their first stage experience with Theatre Tulsa .

neg: Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures .   Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río .   Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . )   The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 .   The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner .   While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) .   Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum .   The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .

neg: The Theater Offensive The Theater Offensive is a Boston-based theatrical organization dedicated to the production of queer works . The Theater Offensive was founded in 1989 by Abraham Rybeck `` to present the diversity of lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender lives in art so bold it breaks through personal isolation , challenges the status quo , and builds thriving communities . '' The Theater Offensive mounts and produces festivals and individual productions by national and local queer performers , and also serves as a development environment for new theatrical work . In addition , The Theater Offensive works to build community through education , outreach , and political activism .   The Theater Offensive has expanded throughout its history . The True Colors OUT Youth Theater troupe concentrates on producing dramatical works produced by young , queer artists . Up until the summer of 2008 , its `` A Street Theater Named Desire '' , a guerrilla AIDS activist theater troupe , enters gay cruising grounds and presents performances that promote safe sex and AIDS education .   The Theater Offensive produces an annual Out on the Edge Festival of Queer Theater , which showcases new performing arts works by queer artists from around the world . It has been held each fall since its inception in 1992 .   True Colors : Out Youth Theater , a program of The Theater Offensive and the country 's largest and longest-running lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) youth theater program , received the 2016 National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award from First Lady Michelle Obama , for its effectiveness in promoting learning and life skills in young people through the arts by engaging them in creative youth development programming . The National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award is the nation 's highest honor for youth arts programs , and True Colors , which was established in 1994 , is the first LGBTQ organization in history to receive this award .

neg: Les Blancs Les Blancs is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry . It debuted on Broadway on November 15 , 1970 and ran until December 19th of that same year . It debuted to heavy criticism . It was Lorraine Hansberry 's final work and she considered it her most important , as it depicts the plights of colonialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . It is her only play that takes place in Africa , and it uses dance and music both as signifiers of black and African cultures ; a concept called the Black Aesthetic .