query: Kirk Douglas is a producer.

pos: Kirk Douglas Kirk Douglas ( born Issur Danielovitch , December 9 , 1916 ) is an American actor , producer , director , and author . He is one of the last living people of the film industry 's Golden Age . After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters , he had his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers ( 1946 ) with Barbara Stanwyck . Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s , known for serious dramas , including westerns and war movies . During his career he appeared in more than 90 movies .   Douglas became an international star through positive reception for his leading role as an unscrupulous boxing hero in Champion ( 1949 ) , which brought him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Other early films include Young Man with a Horn ( 1950 ) , playing opposite Lauren Bacall and Doris Day ; Ace in the Hole opposite Jan Sterling ( 1951 ) ; and Detective Story ( 1951 ) . He received a second Oscar nomination for his dramatic role in The Bad and the Beautiful ( 1952 ) , opposite Lana Turner , and his third nomination for portraying Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life ( 1956 ) .   In 1955 , he established Bryna Productions , which began producing films as varied as Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) and Spartacus ( 1960 ) . In those two films , he starred and collaborated with the then relatively unknown director , Stanley Kubrick . Douglas helped break the Hollywood blacklist by having Dalton Trumbo write Spartacus with an official on-screen credit , although Trumbo 's family claims he overstated his role . He produced and starred in Lonely Are the Brave ( 1962 ) , considered a cult classic , and Seven Days in May ( 1964 ) , opposite Burt Lancaster , with whom he made seven films . In 1963 , he starred in the Broadway play One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest , a story he purchased , which he later gave to his son Michael Douglas , who turned it into an Oscar-winning film .   As an actor and philanthropist , Douglas has received three Academy Award nominations , an Oscar for Lifetime Achievement , and the Presidential Medal of Freedom . As an author , he has written ten novels and memoirs . Currently , he is No. 17 on the American Film Institute 's list of the greatest male screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema , and the highest-ranked living person on the list . After barely surviving a helicopter crash in 1991 and then suffering a stroke in 1996 , he has focused on renewing his spiritual and religious life . He lives with his second wife ( of 63 years ) , Anne , a producer . He turned 100 on December 9 , 2016 .

neg: The Producers (1968 film) The Producers is a 1968 American satirical comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel , Gene Wilder , Dick Shawn , and Kenneth Mars . The film was Brooks 's directorial debut , and he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . Although the release date was officially 1968 , the premier took place in Pittsburgh on November 22 , 1967 .   Decades later , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list . It was later remade by Brooks as an acclaimed Broadway stage musical , which itself was adapted for a 2005 feature film starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick .

neg: Boyd Kirkland Boyd Douglas Kirkland ( November 4 , 1950 -- January 27 , 2011 ) was an American television director of animated cartoons . He was best known for his work on X-Men Evolution . His other famous works included Batman : The Animated Series . He suffered from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF ) and interstitial lung disease ( ILD ) . While in ICU at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center , he died waiting for a lung transplant on January 27 , 2011 . He has a book dedicated to him called Guardians of the Galaxy cosmic team-up .

neg: John Goldwyn John Howard Goldwyn ( born August 10 , 1958 ) is an American film producer .

neg: Doug Jung Doug Jung is an American screenwriter and film producer . He is known for writing the screenplay for the 2016 film Star Trek Beyond .

neg: Douglas Group The Douglas Group is a geologic group in Kansas . It preserves fossils .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: May 3rd Films May 3rd Films is a film and television production company founded in 2003 by noted filmmaker Kirk Fraser .

neg: Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda .   The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War .   Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings .   The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .

neg: Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .

neg: Greg Daniels Gregory Martin `` Greg '' Daniels ( born June 13 , 1963 ) is an American television comedy writer , producer , and director . He is known for his work on several television series , including Saturday Night Live , The Simpsons , King of the Hill and The Office . All four shows were named among Times James Poniewozik 's All Time 100 TV Shows . Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien . Their first writing credit was for Not Necessarily the News , before they were laid off due to budget cuts . He eventually became a writer for two long-running series : Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons .   He joined the writing staff of The Simpsons during the fifth season , and he wrote several classic episodes including `` Lisa 's Wedding , '' `` Bart Sells His Soul '' and `` 22 Short Films About Springfield . '' He left the series in order to co-create another long-running animated series , King of the Hill , with Mike Judge . The series ran for thirteen years before it was cancelled in 2009 . During the series run , he worked on several other series , including the American version of The Office and Parks and Recreation . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer on the TBS series People of Earth . ''

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart .   Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi .   Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced .   Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film .   Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years .   Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .

neg: Stephanie Langhoff Stephanie Langhoff is an American film and television producer . She is the president of Duplass Brothers Productions .

neg: Howard Kazanjian Howard G. Kazanjian ( born July 26 , 1942 ) is an American film producer known for Raiders of the Lost Ark and Return of the Jedi . Kazanjian is also a former 8-year Vice President of Lucasfilm , Ltd. , and a published non-fiction author .

neg: The Juggler (film) The Juggler ( 1953 ) is a drama film about a survivor of the Holocaust , played by Kirk Douglas . The screenplay was adapted by Michael Blankfort from his novel of the same name .

neg: Doug Mankoff Doug Mankoff is a producer and executive producer of fifteen independent films including Thirteen Conversations About One Thing and The Big Empty . He is the founder and CEO of Echo Lake Entertainment , a production and financing company he formed in 1997 .   He is a graduate of St. Mark 's School of Texas , Duke , and Harvard Business School . He also attended the master 's program at NYU Film School .

neg: Rod Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Rod '' Roddenberry Jr. ( born February 5 , 1974 ) is an American television producer and the chief executive officer of Roddenberry Entertainment . Eugene , the son of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry and Majel Barrett , is an executive producer on the upcoming Star Trek : Discovery , set for release in 2017 .

neg: Dave Erickson Dave Erickson is an American television writer and producer , best known for co-creating Fear the Walking Dead with Robert Kirkman , which he is currently the showrunner for . He also created the television series Canterbury 's Law , and wrote and produced for television series Sons of Anarchy and Low Winter Sun .

neg: Hawk Koch Howard Winchel `` Hawk '' Koch , Jr. ( born December 14 , 1945 ) is an American film producer and a former road manager for the musical groups The Supremes and The Dave Clark Five .

neg: Scott Rudin Scott Rudin ( born July 14 , 1958 ) is an American film producer and a theatrical producer . Rudin started to work as a theatre production assistant aged 16 . In lieu of college , he took a job as a casting director and then started his own company . His firm cast many Broadway shows . Rudin moved to Los Angeles in 1980 and started to work at Edgar J. Scherick Associates . He formed his own company , Scott Rudin Productions , and his first film was Gillian Armstrong 's Mrs. Soffel . Soon after , he joined 20th Century-Fox as an executive producer , and eventually became president of production by 1986 , at the age of 29 . He entered into a producing deal with Paramount , where he stayed for almost 15 years . He eventually moved to Disney , where he made movies under the Touchstone Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures , Hollywood Pictures and Miramax Films labels . In 2012 , Rudin became one of the few people who have won an Emmy , Grammy , Oscar and Tony Award , and the first producer to do so .


query: Alfred Hitchcock used innovative forms of film editing.

pos: Alfred Hitchcock Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock ( 13 August 1899 -- 29 April 1980 ) was an English film director and producer , at times referred to as `` The Master of Suspense '' . He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres . He had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as England 's best director . Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939 , and became a U.S. citizen in 1955 .   Hitchcock became a highly visible public figure through interviews , movie trailers , cameo appearances in his own films , and the ten years in which he hosted the television programme Alfred Hitchcock Presents ( 1955 -- 1965 ) . He also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style . Hitchcock 's stylistic trademarks include the use of camera movement that mimics a person 's gaze , forcing viewers to engage in a form of voyeurism . In addition , he framed shots to maximise anxiety , fear , or empathy , and used innovative forms of film editing . His work often features fugitives on the run alongside `` icy blonde '' female characters . In 1978 , film critic John Russell Taylor described Hitchcock as `` the most universally recognizable person in the world '' , and `` a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius '' .   Prior to 1980 , there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film . Critic Roger Ebert wrote : `` Other British directors like Sir Carol Reed and Sir Charlie Chaplin were knighted years ago , while Hitchcock , universally considered by film students to be one of the greatest filmmakers of all time , was passed over '' . Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours .   Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history . Following a 2007 critics ' poll by Britain 's Daily Telegraph in which he was ranked Britain 's greatest filmmaker , one scholar wrote : `` Hitchcock did more than any director to shape modern cinema , which would be utterly different without him . His flair was for narrative , cruelly withholding crucial information ( from his characters and from the audience ) and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else . '' Hitchcock 's first thriller , The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog ( 1926 ) , helped shape the thriller genre in film . His 1929 film , Blackmail , is often cited as the first British sound feature film , while Rear Window ( 1954 ) , Vertigo ( 1958 ) , North by Northwest ( 1959 ) , and Psycho ( 1960 ) are regularly ranked among the greatest films of all time .

neg: Scene (filmmaking) In filmmaking and video production , a scene is generally thought of as the action in a single location and continuous time . Due to the ability to edit recorded visual works , it is much shorter than a stage play scene .  Because of their frequent appearance in films , some types of scenes have acquired names , such as love scene , sex scene , nude scene , dream scene , action scene , car chase scene , crash scene , etc. . There is usually an opening scene and a closing scene .   A scene is a part of a film , as well as an act , a sequence ( longer or shorter than a scene ) , and a setting ( usually shorter than a scene ) . While the terms refer to a set sequence and continuity of observation , resulting from the handling of the camera or by the editor , the term scene refers to the continuity of the observed action - an association of time , place or characters . The term may refer to the division of the film from the screenplay , from the finished film , or it may only occur in the mind of the spectator who is trying to close on a logic of action . For example , parts of an action film at the same location , that play at different times can also consist of several scenes . Likewise , there can be parallel action scenes at different locations usually in separate scenes , except that they would be connected by media such as telephone , video , etc. .   In contrast , the traditional movie script was divided into acts , but those categories are less frequently used in the digital technology . The scene is important for the unity of the action of the film , while a stage drama is typically divided into acts . The division of a movie into scenes is usually done in the script . Some action scenes need to be planned very carefully .

neg: AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills Part of the AFI 100 Years ... series , AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills is a list of the top 100 most exciting , action-packed , suspenseful or frightening movies in American cinema . The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 12 , 2001 , during a CBS special hosted by Harrison Ford .   Nine Alfred Hitchcock films made the list , making him the most represented director .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: The Wrong Man The Wrong Man is a 1956 American docudrama film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Henry Fonda and Vera Miles . The film was drawn from the true story of an innocent man charged with a crime , as described in the book The True Story of Christopher Emmanuel Balestrero by Maxwell Anderson and in the magazine article `` A Case of Identity '' ( Life magazine , June 29 , 1953 ) by Herbert Brean .   It is one of the few Hitchcock films based on a true story and whose plot closely follows the real-life events .   The Wrong Man had a notable effect on two significant directors : it prompted Jean-Luc Godard 's longest piece of written criticism in his years as a critic , and it has been cited as an influence on Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver .

neg: George Albert Smith (film pioneer) George Albert Smith ( 4 January 1864 -- 17 May 1959 ) was an English stage hypnotist , psychic , magic lantern lecturer , Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society , inventor and a key member of the loose association of early film pioneers dubbed the Brighton School by French film historian Georges Sadoul . He is best known for his controversial work with Edmund Gurney at the Society for Psychical Research , his short films from 1897 to 1903 , which pioneered film editing and close-ups , and his development of the first successful colour film process , Kinemacolor .

neg: Brighton School (filmmaking) Brighton School ( fr. : L'école de Brighton ) was a loosely associated group of pioneering filmmakers active in the Brighton and Hove area of England from 1896 to 1910 . The core membership of the group consists of filmmakers George Albert Smith , James Williamson and Esmé Collings as well as engineer Alfred Darling ; other names associated with the group include Collings ' former business partner William Friese-Greene and the group 's London-based distributor Charles Urban . The term was coined by French film historian Georges Sadoul in an article that was translated and re-published in pamphlet form as British Creators of Film Technique by the British Film Institute in 1948 .

neg: Appearances (film) Appearances is a 1921 British drama film directed by Donald Crisp . Alfred Hitchcock is credited as a title designer . It is a lost film .

neg: Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film .   Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally .   Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors .   Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Alma Reville Alma Lucy Reville , Lady Hitchcock ( 14 August 1899 -- 6 July 1982 ) , was an English-American screenwriter and editor , best known for her work with Alfred Hitchcock , whom she married in December 1926 .

neg: Adrian Brunel Adrian Brunel ( 4 September 1892 -- 18 February 1958 ) was an English film director and screenwriter . Brunel 's directorial career started in the silent era , and reached its peak in the latter half of the 1920s . His surviving work from the 1920s , both full-length feature films and shorts , is highly regarded by silent film historians for its distinctive innovation , sophistication and wit . With the arrival of talkies , Brunel 's career ground to a halt and he was absent from the screen for several years before returning in the mid-1930s with a flurry of quota quickie productions , a majority of which are now classed as lost . Brunel 's last credit as director was in a 1940 wartime propaganda short film , although he worked for a few years more as a `` fixer-up '' for films directed or produced by friends in the industry .   After decades of neglect , Brunel 's work has latterly been rediscovered and has undergone a critical re-evaluation . His `` lost '' films are eagerly sought , and the British Film Institute includes two ( The Crooked Billet ( 1929 ) and Badger 's Green ( 1934 ) ) on its `` 75 Most Wanted '' list of missing British feature films .

neg: Substitution splice The substitution splice is a cinematic special effect in which film makers achieve an appearance , disappearance , or transformation using a cut . It is sometimes also called the stop trick or the stop motion substitution , although the effect is achieved through film editing rather than by literally stopping the camera .   The pioneering French filmmaker Georges Méliès claimed to have accidentally developed substitution splicing while filming street traffic at the Place de l'Opéra in Paris . According to his story , his camera jammed and stopped ; by the time he had solved the difficulty , the traffic had moved on . When the film was screened , a man appeared to change into a woman , and an omnibus seemed to turn into a hearse . No evidence has emerged to support this story , which was probably entirely invented by Méliès . According to the film scholar Jacques Deslandes , it is more likely that Méliès discovered the substitution splice by carefully examining a print of the Edison Manufacturing Company 's 1895 film The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots , in which a primitive version of the trick appears . In any case , the substitution splice was both the first special effect Méliès perfected , and the most important in his body of work .   For some time , film theorists mistakenly believed that the camera was actually stopped for the effect , and then restarted ( hence the occasionally used term `` stop trick '' ) . However , later film historians such as Richard Abel and Elizabeth Ezra established that the effect was the result of Méliès 's careful frame matching during the editing process , creating a seamless match cut out of two separately staged shots . Indeed , Méliès often used substitution splicing not as an obvious special effect , but as an inconspicuous editing technique , matching and combining short takes into one apparently seamless longer shot . Substitution splicing could become even more seamless when the film was colored by hand , as many of Méliès 's films were ; the addition of painted color acts as a sleight of hand technique allowing the cuts to pass by unnoticed .   The substitution splice was the most popular cinematic special effect in early film fantasies , especially those that evolved from the stage tradition of the féerie . Segundo de Chomón is among the other filmmakers who used substitution splicing to create elaborate fantasy effects . D.W. Griffith 's 1909 film The Curtain Pole , starring Mack Sennett , used substitution splices for comedic effect . The transformations made possible by the substitution splice were so central to early fantasy films that , in France , such films were often described simply as scènes à transformation .   This technique is different from the stop motion technique , in which the entire shot is created frame by frame .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs .   A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .

neg: John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films .   Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed .   Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war .   Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .

neg: Herbert Mason Not to be confused with Herbert Mason the photographer who photographed St Paul 's Survives ( 1940 ) .   Samuel George Herbert Mason ( 1891 -- 20 May 1960 ) was a British film director , producer , stage actor , army officer , presenter of some revues , stage manager , stage director , choreographer , production manager and playwright . He was a recipient of the Military Cross the prestigious award for `` gallantry during active operations against the enemy . '' He received the gallantry award for his part in the Battle of Guillemont where British troops defeated the Germans to take the German stronghold of Guillemont .   Mason began his theatrical career at the age of 16 and appeared in several productions at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre including Barry Jackson 's The Christmas Party . During the 1920s he stage managed some of the largest shows in London ( including many of Andre Charlot 's musical revues ) and began his film career with the arrival of sound in motion pictures . Mason was the Assistant director for I Was a Spy , which was very successful in the box office and voted best film of the year . He made his debut as director in 1936 with The First Offence . His most prominent film was A Window in London a dark thriller set in the London Underground , which was a remake of the original French drama film Metropolitan . Another successful film included Take My Tip , in which he directed Jack Hulbert whose `` dances -LSB- were -RSB- beautifully staged . ''   Several rising actors and actresses ( including Vivien Leigh ) made their film debuts in some of his films before they rose to prominence . He worked for several studios and production companies including Gaumont British , Gainsborough Pictures , London Films and MGM-British Studios . Mason directed 16 films ( from thrillers to comedies ) , moved into producing for the rest of his career and authored some plays with his wife Daisy Fisher , a novelist and playwright also with a background in theatre .   His films were generally very well received , and some of them were marked out for the inventiveness of the plot , locations used for shooting and humour . Some of his films are remembered for introducing rising actors and actresses to the screen before they became famous .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology – Volume 2 Alfred Hitchcock 's Anthology -- Volume 2 is the second installment in the Alfred Hitchcock 's Anthology series . Originally published in hardcover as Alfred Hitchcock 's Tales to Take Your Breath Away in 1977 , this issue contains 29 stories from Alfred Hitchcock 's Mystery Magazine that , by the editors , were believed to be the best published the preceding year ( 1977 ) .

neg: Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera , and to finished motion picture film , ready for use in a projector , which bears images in color .   The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902 . A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor . These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters .   Around 1920 , the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced . These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images , but the final product was a multicolored print that did not require special projection equipment . Before 1932 , when three-strip Technicolor was introduced , commercialized subtractive processes used only two color components and could reproduce only a limited range of color .   In 1935 , Kodachrome was introduced , followed by Agfacolor in 1936 . They were intended primarily for amateur home movies and `` slides '' . These were the first films of the `` integral tripack '' type , coated with three layers of differently color-sensitive emulsion , which is usually what is meant by the words `` color film '' as commonly used . The few color films still being made in the 2010s are of this type . The first color negative films and corresponding print films were modified versions of these films . They were introduced around 1940 but only came into wide use for commercial motion picture production in the early 1950s . In the US , Eastman Kodak 's Eastmancolor was the usual choice , but it was often re-branded with another trade name , such as `` WarnerColor '' , by the studio or the film processor .   Later color films were standardized into two distinct processes : Eastman Color Negative 2 chemistry ( camera negative stocks , duplicating interpositive and internegative stocks ) and Eastman Color Positive 2 chemistry ( positive prints for direct projection ) , usually abbreviated as ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Fuji 's products are compatible with ECN-2 and ECP-2 .   Film was the dominant form of cinematography until the 2010s , when it was largely replaced by digital cinematography .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Double Take (2009 film) Double Take is a 2009 essay film , directed by Johan Grimonprez and written by Tom McCarthy . The plot is set during the Cold War and combines both documentary and fictional elements . The protagonist is a fictionalised version of Alfred Hitchcock . The backdrop of the film charts the rise of the television in the domestic setting and with it , the ensuing commodification of fear during the cold war .   Double Take is a Belgian-Dutch-German co-production and premiered in Europe at the 2009 Berlin Film Festival and in the U.S. at the 2010 Sundance film Festival .

neg: The World of Alfred Hitchcock The World of Alfred Hitchcock is a 1976 Danish T.V. documentary directed by Annett Wolf , about the English film director Alfred Hitchcock . Shot after the completion of Family Plot , it was part of a series of films she made in Hollywood during the one year leave of absence she took from DR ( broadcaster )


query: Adrien Broner boxes.

pos: Adrien Broner Adrien Jerome Broner ( born July 28 , 1989 ) is an American professional boxer . He is a former four-weight world champion , having held the WBO junior lightweight title from 2011 to 2012 ; the WBC lightweight title from 2012 to 2013 ; the WBA welterweight title in 2014 ; and the WBA super lightweight title from 2015 to 2016 . The Ring magazine previously ranked Broner as the fifth best boxer in the world , pound for pound , in December 2012 .

neg: Ad Noiseam Ad Noiseam is an independent record label that has recently published mostly electronic music ( breakcore , drum 'n' bass , IDM , dubstep ) as well as hip-hop and jazz based in Berlin , Germany . Ad Noiseam was founded in April of 2001 by Nicolas Chevreux , who also has done some of the design work for the label 's releases . Ad Noiseam originally started out as a webzine but quickly moved on to being a record-label establishing a name for itself with its first release `` Krach Test '' ( adn 01 ) , a true tour-de-force 3CDr set featuring anyone who was anyone in the 2001 electronic music scene . After releasing high quality , small batch ( mini ) - CDr releases , the label phased out the CDr 's in favour of factory pressed CDs with 2001 's `` Subfusc '' by Tarmvred , after which numerous releases on both vinyl and CD followed . Continuing its forward vision music - and designwise , Ad Noiseam built a huge following of music enthusiasts as well as musicians .   On top of the label activities , Ad Noiseam is also a mailorder and a distribution channel for both in-house and other labels ' releases . Since 2001 , Ad Noiseam has spread CDs and records to end customers , stores and other mailorders worldwide .   In 2011 , Ad Noiseam celebrated its 10th anniversary with a festival held at the Berghain club , followed by a series of birthday concerts in more than 10 European countries . As of July 2016 the label is in a state of `` deep freeze '' .

neg: Bengal Bouts The Bengal Bouts is an annual charity boxing tournament hosted by the Men 's Boxing Club at the University of Notre Dame airing on ESPN , with proceeds benefiting the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh . Begun in 1920 by legendary football coach Knute Rockne to condition football players in the offseason , the tournament later expanded entry to any member of the student body . Under the guidance and direction of Dominic `` Nappy '' Napolitano , the charity aspect of the event flourished while following the Men 's Boxing Club mantra : `` Strong Bodies Fight , that Weak Bodies May Be Nourished . ''   The training regimen requires novice boxers to receive instruction and conditioning in the fall , and returning fighters begin their mandatory workouts during an intensive 6-week period prior to the tournament . In current times , the Men 's Boxing Club membership has swelled to include over 230 students , ranging from first-year undergraduate students to graduate and law school students , with participants fighting across 12 weight classes . In 2010 , the Bengal Bouts helped generate a donation of $ 100,000 for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh . This surpassed the $ 1,000,000 donated throughout the program 's existence . Originally held in the Notre Dame Fieldhouse , the tournament is currently held in the Joyce Center ( JACC ) and airs on ESPN . In 2005 , a sister program , named the Baraka Bouts , was instituted for women and benefits missions in East Africa .

neg: Bronner's Christmas Wonderland Bronner 's Christmas Wonderland ( stylized Bronner 's CHRISTmas Wonderland ) is a retail store in Frankenmuth , Michigan that promotes itself as the `` World 's Largest Christmas Store '' .   Designed with an Alpine architecture ( see chalet ) and operating year-round , the building is 7.35 acres ( 29,700 m ² ) in size with landscaped grounds covering 27 acres ( 109,000 m ² ) . Outside the entrance are three 17-foot ( 5 m ) tall outdoor Santas and a 15-foot ( 5 m ) tall snowman . Inside , there are approximately 800 animated figurines at various locations throughout the store . Bronner 's parking lot can accommodate up to 1,080 cars and 50 buses . Some 100,000 lights illuminate Bronner 's half-mile ( 800 m ) long Christmas Lane in the evening . Michigan designated Bronner 's as an `` Embassy for Michigan Tourism '' in 1976 . Bronner 's employs over 500 people during the holiday season ( between October and Christmas ) .   Founded in 1945 by Wally Bronner , Bronner 's Christmas Wonderland is visited annually by over two million people , with the weekend after Thanksgiving being the busiest of the year with over 50,000 visitors . Its inventory exceeds 50,000 trims and gifts , including Christmas ornaments , artificial Christmas trees , Christmas lights , Nativity scenes , Christmas decorations , collectibles , and similar goods . Each year , approximately 600,000 glass ornaments , 530,000 feet ( 161,000 m ) of garland , 150,000 postcards and 86,000 light sets ( nearly 530 miles ( 850 km ) of light cords ) are sold . Bronner 's has the exclusive right to sell Precious Moments Christmas-themed figurines .   With the government of Austria 's permission and in keeping with the German theme of Frankenmuth itself , Bronner 's built a replica of the Oberndorf , Austria , Silent Night Memorial Chapel in 1992 as a tribute to the Christmas hymn `` Silent Night '' .   Wally Bronner died April 1 , 2008 at age 81 .   Bronner 's was vandalized on Christmas Day in 2010 , with some 75 store displays damaged or destroyed . Five men pleaded guilty to the crime , which involved an estimated $ 40,000 in damage .

neg: Paulie Malignaggi vs. Adrien Broner Paulie Malignaggi vs. Adrien Broner , was a boxing welterweight championship fight for Malignaggi 's WBA welterweight title . The bout was held on June 22 , 2013 , at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn , New York , United States on Showtime . The undercard included the rematch Johnathon Banks and Seth Mitchell .

neg: Shoebox style In architecture , shoebox style refers to the functionalist style of modern architecture characterised by predominantly rectilinear , orthogonal shapes , with regular horizontal rows of windows or glass walls .   Along the same analogy , it refers to undistinguished styles of apartment houses , such as dingbat apartments .   The puritan and repetitive shoebox style is seen as a way to low-cost construction .   The term `` shoebox style '' is also applies to concert halls of rectangular shape , as opposed to the traditional circular amphitheatre/arena/horseshoe shapes .

neg: 7 Boxes 7 Boxes ( released in Spanish as 7 Cajas ) is a Paraguayan thriller film directed by Juan Carlos Maneglia and Tana Schémbori .   Initially the film was to be released in June 2011 , but was delayed when the film was accepted as a competitor in the International Film Festival of San Sebastian in Spain .   After months of work , the film was finally released on August 10 , 2012 , and received praise from critics and the public as well as breaking box office records in Paraguayan cinemas . 7 Boxes won the `` Films in Progress '' in what was the first unanimous decision in the festival 's history . The film participated at the Moscow International Film Festival in 2013 ( translators : Andrey Efremov , Anton Titov ) .

neg: Chambre de bonne A chambre de bonne is a type of French apartment consisting of a single room in a middle-class house or apartment building . It is generally found on the top floor and only accessible by a staircase , sometimes a separate `` service staircase '' . Initially , these rooms were intended as the bedroom for one of the family 's domestics , and the name originates from the colloquial name for such maids : a `` bonne à tout faire '' . Today , chambres de bonne are usually the cheapest rung on the Parisian letting market , and are primarily rented by less well-off workers and students . They are also in high demand among workers who wish to maintain a small room or postal address in a big city , especially Paris .   Due to the social level of the envisaged occupants , chambres de bonne are characterised by their tight proportions . The rooms usually have a surface area of around 6 -- 12 m2 , which is sometimes accentuated by being in a garret . They tend to offer minimal facilities : toilets are usually shared with the neighbouring rooms , and located on the landing .   Chambres de bonne have nevertheless been the object of legislation to preserve their occupants ' quality of life and health . In the twentieth century , the French government stipulated that all rental properties must have a minimum surface area of 9 m2 , a volume of 20 m3 , and openings ( windows , doors , etc. ) equivalent to an eighth of the surface area .   In recent years , landlords have attempted to rebrand their chambres de bonne by advertising them as studettes , a hitherto-unknown category of housing for smaller studios ( broadly , those of 12 m2 or less ) . Since most listings agencies do not recognise a firm distinction between `` studios '' and `` studettes '' , chambres de bonne may also simply be advertised as studios . Parisian apartment-hunters are , nevertheless , often able to infer that a studio is a chambre de bonne from its listing , due to the distinctive features described above .

neg: BoxRec BoxRec or boxrec.com is a website dedicated to holding updated records of professional boxers , both male and female . It also maintains a MediaWiki-based encyclopaedia of boxing .   The objective of the site is to document every professional boxer and boxing match from the instigation of the Queensberry Rules up to the present times . BoxRec publishes ratings for all active boxers and all time ratings . Since 2012 the site has hosted Barry Hugman 's History of World Championship Boxing .

neg: Fred Cavens Frédéric Adolphe Cavens ( born Lacken , Belgium 30 August 1882 ; died Woodland Hills , California 30 April 1962 ) was a Belgian-born fencing master who emigrated to Hollywood and worked as an actor , stuntman and fencing master from the silent film era , then in television . He trained Jean Peters in the film `` Anne of the Indies '' ( 1951 ) and Guy Williams in the TV role of `` Zorro '' .   COMPLETE FILMOGRAPHY  Director ( feature film )  1 . The Three Must-Get-Theres ( 1922 ) as Assistant Director .  Cast ( feature film )  2 . The Lost World ( 1960 ) as French member .  3 . Around the World in 80 Days ( 1956 ) as .  4 . The Mississippi Gambler ( 1953 ) as Emile .  5 . The Robe ( 1953 ) as Sword-fighting soldier .  6 . Dreamboat ( 1952 ) as Fencer .  7 . Lydia Bailey ( 1952 ) as Fencing instructor .  8 . Fortunes of Captain Blood ( 1950 ) as Turnkey .  9 . The Exile ( 1947 ) as Coachman .  10 . Till We Meet Again ( 1944 ) as Carpenter .  11 . Around the World ( 1944 ) as Instructor .  12 . Eagle Squadron ( 1942 ) as Frenchman .  13 . Pack Up Your Troubles ( 1939 ) as French infantry captain .  14 . The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1939 ) as François .  15 . Artists and Models Abroad ( 1938 ) as Guard .  16 . Café Metropole ( 1937 ) as Train guard .  17 . Love on the Run ( 1936 ) as French waiter .  18 . Lottery Lover ( 1935 ) as French stage doorman .  19 . L'homme des Folies Bergère ( 1935 ) as Airport official .  20 . The World Moves On ( 1934 ) as French taxi driver .  21 . Marie Galante ( 1934 ) as Postmaster .  22 . Paris Interlude ( 1934 ) as Mechanic .  23 . La veuve joyeuse ( 1934 ) as Policeman .  24 . Breed of the Border ( 1933 ) as Mike Cavins .  25 . The King of Kings ( 1927 ) as .  26 . The Three Must-Get-Theres ( 1922 ) as Bernajoux .  Dance ( feature film )  27 . The Three Musketeers ( 1935 ) as Dance arr .  Film Production - Main ( feature film )  28 . The Vagabond King ( 1956 ) as Technical Advisor .  29 . Casanova 's Big Night ( 1954 ) as Supv of dueling scenes .  30 . The Robe ( 1953 ) as Fencing instructor .  31 . The Mississippi Gambler ( 1953 ) as Fencing tech adv.  32 . Son of Ali Baba ( 1952 ) as Fencing coach .  33 . Dreamboat ( 1952 ) as Clifton Webb 's fencing instructor .  34 . Lydia Bailey ( 1952 ) as Fencing instructor .  35 . Anne of the Indies ( 1951 ) as Jean Peters ' fencing instructor .  36 . Cyrano de Bergerac ( 1951 ) as Fencing master .  37 . Buccaneer 's Girl ( 1950 ) as Fencing instructor .  38 . Adventures of Don Juan ( 1949 ) as Fencing instructor .  39 . Bagdad ( 1949 ) as Technical Advisor .  40 . The Black Arrow ( 1948 ) as Fencing master .  41 . Forever Amber ( 1947 ) as Technical Advisor .  42 . Don Ricardo Returns ( 1946 ) as Fencing instructor .  43 . Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves ( 1944 ) as Fencing instructor .  44 . The Black Swan ( 1942 ) as Fencing instructor .  45 . The Man in the Iron Mask ( 1939 ) as Fencing dir .  46 . Tower of London ( 1939 ) as Fencing instructor .  47 . Romeo and Juliet ( 1936 ) as Created and staged duels and sword fights .  48 . Cardinal Richelieu ( 1935 ) as Research dir .  49 . Queen Christina ( 1933 ) as Sword fight staging by .

neg: Guy Waters Guy `` Arc Angel '' Waters is an Australian professional welter/light middle/middle/super middle/light heavy/cruiserweight boxer of the 1980s , 1990s and 2000s who won the New South Wales State ( Australia ) light heavyweight title , Australian light heavyweight title , Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation ( OPBF ) light heavyweight title , Australasian Light Heavyweight Title , World Boxing Federation ( WBF ) light heavyweight title , International Boxing Federation ( IBF ) Pan Pacific super middleweight title , Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation ( OPBF ) super middleweight title , and Commonwealth light heavyweight title , and was a challenger for the WBC light heavyweight title against Dennis Andries , World Boxing Association ( WBA ) World light heavyweight title against Virgil Hill , World Boxing Council ( WBC ) cruiserweight title against Juan Carlos Gómez , and Commonwealth super middleweight title against David Starie , his professional fighting weight varied from 167 +1 / 2 lb , i.e. super middleweight to 185 +1 / 4 lb , i.e. cruiserweight .

neg: Thomas Fleener Thomas Fleener is a military officer and lawyer . Fleener , a major in the United States Army Reserve , has been appointed to serve as a defense lawyer in the Guantanamo military commissions . He has been appointed to serve as the defense lawyer for Ali Hamza Ahmed Sulayman al Bahlul .   In his civilian capacity , Major Fleener is an attorney in his own law firm in Wyoming . A former Federal Public Defender , MAJ Fleener continues to serve in the Reserves as a Judge Advocate with the 22d Legal Support Organization , Trial Defense Service , defending soldiers accused of misconduct . He is a member of the bars of Iowa and Wyoming . Prior to becoming a Federal Public Defender , Major Fleener served on active duty as an Army Judge Advocate for nearly eight years in both the United States and Europe . Prior to attending college and law school in Arkansas , Major Fleener also served on active duty as an enlisted soldier .   Though Al Bahlul has consistently insisted that he wants to represent himself or be represented by a Yemeni attorney , the United States Defense Department 's Office of Military Commissions ruled that military defense counsel must represent defendants according to military commission rules .   Fleener understands Al Bahlul 's wish to defend himself , agrees he should have that right , and said that forcing counsel upon the defendant `` may give the appearance to the outside world that I am here not to serve as Mr. al Bahlul 's attorney , rather simply to add some air of legitimacy to an otherwise wholly illegitimate process . ''   In his January 12 , 2006 diary entry Human Rights First observer Avi Cover quoted Fleener : `` For four years they would n't let detainees have lawyers ; now they 're shoving one down his throat . ''   Fleener and the question whether detainees should be able to represent themselves were featured in the October 2007 issue of the Yale Law Journal in an article by Matthew Bloom entitled : `` I Did Not Come Here To Defend Myself '' :  Responding to War on Terror Detainees ' Attempts To Dismiss Counsel and Boycott the Trial . He was profiled in the August 2007 edition of GQ magazine in an article titled , `` The Defense Will Not Rest . ''   After two years of appearances before the Guantanamo military commissions , Fleener returned to civilian practice , and in 2008 opened a private criminal defense law firm in Laramie , Wyoming . Fleener is a highly regarded and sought after guest lecturer .

neg: Blackboxing In science studies , the social process of blackboxing is based on the abstract notion of a black box . To cite Bruno Latour , blackboxing is `` the way scientific and technical work is made invisible by its own success . When a machine runs efficiently , when a matter of fact is settled , one need focus only on its inputs and outputs and not on its internal complexity . Thus , paradoxically , the more science and technology succeed , the more opaque and obscure they become . ''   Social constructivist approaches to science and technology studies , such as Social construction of technology ( SCOT ) often revolve around `` opening the black box '' , or attempting to understand the internal workings of a given system . This then allows the researcher to provide empirical models of technological change that are specific and better able to describe the events that took place during the development of the technology . This approach has also been criticized by scholars such as Langdon Winner for being excessively formulaic in its methods and too narrow in its focus .   The concept of the `` black box '' is also important in Actor -- network theory as it relates to simplification . As Michel Callon notes , an actor-network is a system of discrete entities or nodes , while the reality that it represents is theoretically infinite . Therefore , in order to describe something in terms of an actor-network , complex systems must be simplified down to individual nodes , ignoring their internal workings and focusing only on their interactions with other nodes within the network . However , if the simplified `` black box '' is insufficient modeling the system in question , it must be opened , creating a `` swarm of new actors . ''

neg: Hennessy Youngman Hennessy Youngman is a persona invented and performed by Jayson Musson .   Youngman makes addresses to the Internet at large in online episodes of a series titled `` Art Thoughtz . '' Most often , Youngman takes on the role of art critic or cultural critic while speaking to topics concerning art , race , gender , and popular culture . In addition , Youngman makes DJ mixtapes called `` CVS Bangers '' with songs interspersed with seemingly random statements and air horn blasts .   In his video monologues , Youngman becomes a tutor to an audience of hopeful artists in search of success . By explaining traditional art concepts and relating them to pop culture and real-world examples , he is able to expose issues and conflicts within contemporary art society . A scheme is perpetuated , through Youngman and the `` Art Thoughtz '' videos , of following an often sympathetic character , one who is apparently outside the art world , attempting to understand and permeate a seemingly exclusive cultural society . This sort of ` underdog in the art world ' characterization can be seen in the work of video artist of Alex Bag or motion pictures such as the biopic Basquiat or the art world satire ( Untitled ) .

neg: BETC BETC is a French advertising agency founded in Paris in 1995 . Its most notable campaigns are for clients Air France , Evian and Canal + . In particular , `` The Bear '' , a commercial for French premium network Canal + , was recognised in 2013 as the world 's most-awarded TV spot in the history of the Gunn Report , an award publication detailing the most successful print and television advertising campaigns . Also in 2013 , the campaign ` Baby and me ' for Evian was ranked the most viewed on-line campaign in the world .

neg: Dan Hardy Daniel Mark `` Dan '' Hardy ( born 17 May 1982 ) is an English former mixed martial artist who fought in the welterweight division . During his professional MMA career starting in 2004 , Hardy fought in various promotions such as Cage Force and Cage Warriors before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 2008 . He is currently an analyst and color commentator for the UFC .

neg: Bible box A Bible box is a small container that is used to store a bible . About the size of a bible , this box could be used to transport in safety what was a very costly book . Many varieties had a slanted or angled top with a lower lip , meant to hold the Bible for reading , when the box was placed on a table . In a sense it then served as a portable lectern . Over the years the typical Bible box was also used or specifically built to contain writing implements such as a quill , ink pot , blotting paper and writing paper . The level or slanted surface of the box then served as a desktop , for writing as well as reading .   In much of Europe this kind of box was produced in many different materials , such as wood , metal or ceramics , in simple or extremely ornate styles . Bible boxes were popular in the 17th century . Many of the more refined examples can be found in museums .   In Colonial America , this container was produced locally in a great variety of styles and finishes , by amateurs and professionals . Just about anybody who could afford nails , a few planks of wood , and a hammer could improvise a Bible box .   The term `` Bible box '' is sometimes wrongly used in the United States to qualify antique objects which are in fact simple portable desks with no biblical connection . A more modern , cheaper and more portable version of the bible box is the bible case .

neg: Box (Guided by Voices album) Box is the first box set by indie rock band Guided by Voices . The set was released in 1995 on CD and vinyl . It collects their first four limited-release albums Devil Between My Toes , Sandbox , Self Inflicted Aerial Nostalgia and Same Place the Fly Got Smashed , as well as an LP of previously unavailable material , King Shit and the Golden Boys .   The vinyl edition also includes Propeller - this was excluded from the CD version as the album was already available on that format , having been included on the first CD edition of Vampire on Titus .

neg: Buxus Buxus is a genus of about 70 species in the family Buxaceae . Common names include box ( majority of English-speaking countries ) or boxwood ( North America ) .   The boxes are native to western and southern Europe , southwest , southern and eastern Asia , Africa , Madagascar , northernmost South America , Central America , Mexico and the Caribbean , with the majority of species being tropical or subtropical ; only the European and some Asian species are frost-tolerant . Centres of diversity occur in Cuba ( about 30 species ) , China ( 17 species ) and Madagascar ( 9 species ) .   They are slow-growing evergreen shrubs and small trees , growing to 2 -- 12 m ( rarely 15 m ) tall . The leaves are opposite , rounded to lanceolate , and leathery ; they are small in most species , typically 1.5 -- 5 cm long and 0.3-2 .5 cm broad , but up to 11 cm long and 5 cm broad in B. macrocarpa . The flowers are small and yellow-green , monoecious with both sexes present on a plant . The fruit is a small capsule 0.5-1 .5 cm long ( to 3 cm in B. macrocarpa ) , containing several small seeds .   The genus splits into three genetically distinct sections , each section in a different region , with the Eurasian species in one section , the African ( except northwest Africa ) and Madagascan species in the second , and the American species in the third . The African and American sections are genetically closer to each other than to the Eurasian section .

neg: Robert Fahey Robert Leo Fahey ( born 30 April 1968 , in Hobart , Tasmania ) , nicknamed `` Bag '' , is an Australian real tennis player and the former World Champion of the sport , holding the title from 16 March 1994 to 21 May 2016 .   On 27 April 2006 , at the Oratory Tennis Club in Woodcote , South Oxfordshire , he matched the great Pierre Etchebaster 's feat of seven consecutive defenses of the real tennis singles World Championship . The defence was against Tim Chisholm in the latter 's third consecutive challenge . In May 2008 he again successfully defended his title , thus breaking Etchebaster 's record , against Camden Riviere on the historic court at Fontainebleau Palace , France , winning 7 sets to 5 ( 6/1 3/6 5/6 6/4 , 6/2 6/3 5/6 6/0 , 6/1 2/6 1/6 6/5 ) . In May 2010 he retained his title for a record ninth time , defeating Steve Virgona 7 sets to 2 . In April 2012 he retained his title for the 10th consecutive time , again defeating Steve Virgona 7 sets to 3 ( 6/5 3/6 6/1 6/3 6/4 6/3 3/6 5/6 6/2 6/3 ) . He successfully defended his title in May 2014 , at the Royal Melbourne Tennis Club , for the eleventh time , defeating Camden Riviere seven sets to three .   In 2000 and 2001 he won back-to-back Grand Slams , and a third in 2008 . In 2003 ( Hobart ) , partnered with Steve Virgona , he won the World Doubles Championship ; the pair successfully defended the title in 2005 ( Fontainebleau ) , 2007 ( Boston ) , 2009 ( Seacourt - Hayling Island ) and 2011 ( RMTC - Melbourne ) .   A portrait of Fahey by Rupert Alexander was shortlisted for the BP Portrait Award 2012 .   Fahey was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to sport .

neg: List of WBC world champions This is a list of WBC world champions , showing every world champion certificated by the World Boxing Council ( WBC ) . The WBC is one of the four major governing bodies in professional boxing , and certifies world champions in 10 different weight classes . In 1963 , the year of its foundation , the WBC inaugurated titles in all divisions with the exception of light flyweight , super flyweight , super bantamweight , super middleweight and cruiserweight , which were inaugurated in the subsequent decades . The most recent title inaugurated by the WBC is in the minimumweight ( also called strawweight ) division in 1987 .