query: The Sopranos premiered on the big screen.

pos: The Sopranos The Sopranos is an American crime drama television series created by David Chase . The story revolves around the fictional character , New Jersey-based Italian American mobster Tony Soprano ( James Gandolfini ) . The series portrays the difficulties he faces as he tries to balance the conflicting requirements of his home life and his criminal organization . These are often highlighted during his therapy sessions with psychiatrist Jennifer Melfi ( Lorraine Bracco ) . The series features Tony 's family members , mafia colleagues and rivals , in prominent roles and story arcs , most notably his wife Carmela ( Edie Falco ) and protégé Christopher Moltisanti ( Michael Imperioli ) .   After the pilot was ordered in 1997 , the show premiered on the premium cable network HBO in the United States on January 10 , 1999 , and ran its six seasons with 86 episodes to June 10 , 2007 . The series then went through syndication and has been broadcast on A&E in the United States and internationally . The Sopranos was produced by HBO , Chase Films , and Brad Grey Television . It was primarily filmed at Silvercup Studios , New York City , and on location in New Jersey . The executive producers throughout the show 's run were David Chase , Brad Grey , Robin Green , Mitchell Burgess , Ilene S. Landress , Terence Winter , and Matthew Weiner .   The Sopranos is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time . The series also won a multitude of awards , including Peabody Awards for its first two seasons , 21 Primetime Emmy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards . A staple of 2000s American popular culture , the series has been the subject of critical analysis , controversy , and parody . It has spawned books , a video game , high-charting soundtrack albums , and a large amount of assorted merchandise . Several members of the show 's cast and crew who were previously largely unknown to the public have had successful careers after The Sopranos . In 2013 , the Writers Guild of America named The Sopranos the best-written TV series of all time , while TV Guide ranked it the best television series of all time .

neg: Luxury Lounge `` Luxury Lounge '' is the seventy-second episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the seventh of the show 's sixth season . It was written by Matthew Weiner , directed by Danny Leiner and originally aired on April 23 , 2006 .

neg: Welcome to New York (2014 film) Welcome to New York is a 2014 French-American drama film co-written and directed by Abel Ferrara . Inspired by the Dominique Strauss-Kahn affair , the film was released on 17 May 2014 by VOD on the internet as the film failed to secure a place on the official selection at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival , nor was it picked up for theatrical distribution in France and is facing self-censorship by the French media , according to Vincent Maraval , one of the producers .

neg: 9th Primetime Emmy Awards The 9th Emmy Awards , later referred to as the 9th Primetime Emmy Awards , were held on March 16 , 1957 to honor the best in television of the year . The ceremony was held at the NBC Studios in Burbank , California . Desi Arnaz hosted the event . All nominations are listed , with winners in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses . Categories were sorted based on running time , instead of by genre .   The top shows of the night were Caesar 's Hour and Playhouse 90 . Each show won a then-record five major awards , ( however , two of Playhouse 90 's wins came in now defunct categories ) .   Caesar 's Hour became the first show to be nominated in all four major acting categories . Caesar 's Hour also made history when it swept the four acting categories . After over fifty years , it remains the only comedy or drama series to win every major acting award . In 2004 , the miniseries Angels in America became the second show , and first miniseries/television movie , to sweep the acting field .

neg: HBO Now HBO Now is an over-the-top subscription video on demand service operated by American premium cable and satellite television network HBO . Officially unveiled on March 9 and launched on April 7 , 2015 the service allows subscribers on-demand access to HBO 's library of original programs , films and other content on personal computers , smartphones , tablet devices and digital media players .   Unlike HBO Go , HBO 's online video on demand service for existing subscribers of the linear television channel , HBO Now is available as a standalone service and does not require a television subscription to use , targeting cord cutters who use competing services such as Netflix and Hulu .

neg: Annabella Sciorra Annabella Gloria Philomena Sciorra ( -LSB- ˈʃoʊrə -RSB- , ; born March 29 , 1960 ) is an Italian-American actress . Her film roles include Cadillac Man ( 1990 ) , Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , The Hand That Rocks the Cradle ( 1992 ) , Cop Land ( 1997 ) and What Dreams May Come ( 1998 ) . She was nominated for a 2001 Emmy Award for playing Gloria Trillo in The Sopranos ( 2001 -- 04 ) .

neg: Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .

neg: Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures .   Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río .   Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . )   The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 .   The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner .   While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) .   Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum .   The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .

neg: Dexter (season 1) The first season of Dexter is an adaptation of Jeff Lindsay 's first novel in the Dexter series , Darkly Dreaming Dexter . Subsequent seasons have featured original storylines . This season aired from October 1 , 2006 to December 17 , 2006 , and follows Dexter 's investigation of `` The Ice Truck Killer '' . Introduced in the first episode , `` Dexter '' , this serial killer targets prostitutes and leaves their bodies severed and bloodless . At the same time , Dexter 's foster sister , Debra Morgan ( Jennifer Carpenter ) , a vice squad officer , aspires to work in the homicide department , and Dexter 's girlfriend , Rita Bennett ( Julie Benz ) , wants their relationship to be more intimate . Christian Camargo appears as Rudy Cooper and is a recurring character until the end of the season .   The show 's first season received generally favorable reviews from critics ; it was praised as `` bold , different and exciting , with a central character and performance that take your breath away '' by the New York Daily News . The Wall Street Journal saw `` the grotesqueries of Dexter '' as `` not something that can easily be dismissed with the old '' ` you do n't have to watch ' line '' , and concluded that `` We do have to live among the viewers who will be desensitized , or aroused , by this show '' . The aggregate site Metacritic scored the show 's first season at 77 out of 100 based on 27 critics reviews .   The season received high ratings for Showtime ; the pilot episode attracted more than a million viewers , giving the channel its highest ratings in nearly two years , while the finale `` Born Free '' drew an audience of 1.1 million viewers in the U.S. On average , the season was watched by two million viewers per episode during its original run when factoring in DVR viewers . Due to the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild strike and encouraged by the show 's critical success and high ratings on Showtime , CBS , a national terrestrial broadcast network , announced in December 2007 that it was considering airing an edited version of the first season of Dexter for free-to-air broadcast . It began to broadcast it on February 17 , 2008 , and thus , Dexter became the first program in 20 years to air on a broadcast network after being shown on a premium cable channel . During the show 's rerun on the CBS network in 2008 , the ratings were much higher , reaching 8.2 million viewers during its premiere February , giving the network its best rating in the 10 p.m. timeslot since December the previous year . During its 12-week run , it dropped to 7.1 million in early April , and to 6.6 million during the season 's finale on May 6 .

neg: Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel .   The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .   In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .

neg: Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series .   The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense .   Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 .   In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .

neg: Dan Grimaldi Daniel `` Dan '' Grimaldi is an American actor and mathematics professor who is known for his roles as twins Philly and Patsy Parisi on the HBO TV series The Sopranos .

neg: The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role .   Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' .   When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' :   The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .

neg: Born Innocent (film) Born Innocent is a 1974 American made-for-television drama film which was first aired under the NBC World Premiere Movie umbrella on September 10 , 1974 . Highly publicized and controversial , Born Innocent was the highest-rated television movie to air in the United States in 1974 . The movie deals with the physical , psychological and sexual abuse of a teenage girl , and included graphic content never before seen on American television at that time .

neg: York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' .   Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street .   The Oscar Hammerstein Award  is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years .   Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .

neg: L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 .   Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff .   In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles .   The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .

neg: As the World Turns As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS for 54 years from April 2 , 1956 , to September 17 , 2010 . Irna Phillips created As the World Turns as a sister show to her other soap opera Guiding Light . Running for 54 years , As the World Turns holds the second-longest continuous run of any daytime network soap opera on American television , surpassed only by Guiding Light . As the World Turns was produced for the first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 .   Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. . Prior to that date , all serials had been 15 minutes in length . As the World Turns and The Edge of Night , which premiered on the same day at 4:30 pm EST , were the first two to be 30 minutes in length from their premiere . At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 . In 1959 , the show started a streak of weekly ratings wins that was not interrupted for over 12 years . The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 , when The Edge of Night moved to ABC . In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day . At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known . Three of these actors -- Wagner , Hastings , and Fulton -- are also the three longest serving actors in the history of American soap operas .   The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 . On September 18 , 2009 , As the World Turns became the last remaining Procter and Gamble-produced soap opera for CBS after Guiding Light aired its final episode on the network .   On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it cancelled As the World Turns after almost 54 years due to low ratings . The show taped its final Procter and Gamble scenes for CBS on June 23 , 2010 , and with a dramatic storyline finale , its final episode on the network aired on September 17 , 2010 . On October 18 , 2010 , CBS replaced As the World Turns with a newly debuted talk show The Talk .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .

neg: David Chase David Chase ( born August 22 , 1945 ) is an American writer , director and television producer . Chase has worked in television for 40 years ; he has produced and written for such shows as The Rockford Files , I 'll Fly Away , and Northern Exposure . He has created two original series ; the first , Almost Grown , aired for 10 episodes in 1988 and 1989 . Chase is best known for his second original series , the influential and critically acclaimed HBO drama The Sopranos , which aired for six seasons between 1999 and 2007 . A prominent figure in American television , Chase has won seven Emmy Awards .

neg: Sam Coppola Sam Coppola ( July 31 , 1932 -- February 5 , 2012 ) was an American actor . He appeared in almost 70 films , beginning in 1968 , but may be best remembered for his role as Dan Fusco , owner of the Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , hardware and paint store , in Saturday Night Fever , who gave John Travolta 's character sage but salty advice in the classic 1977 film . Later in his career , Coppola made a brief but memorable appearance on The Sopranos as the idiosyncratic family therapist of Jennifer Melfi .   Coppola was a cop in Serpico ( 1973 ) , starring Al Pacino , and a detective in Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , starring Michael Douglas and Glenn Close . His many TV credits include The Practice , The Good Wife , Law & Order , The Sopranos , Ryan 's Hope and the 2001 A&E movie The Big Heist , in which he portrayed mob boss Paul Castellano . Coppola , no relation to film director Francis Ford Coppola , played a nursing home resident in a Chevy commercial that aired during 2011 's Super Bowl and a hot dog vendor in a Ball Park Franks spot starring Michael Jordan .   Coppola , a 38-year resident of Leonia , also had many stage roles . He played the hobo Vladimir in a 2005 off-Broadway production of `` Waiting for Godot '' and an aging real estate salesman , Aaronow , in a 2000 production of Glengarry Glen Ross at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton .   Coppola died February 5 , 2012 from an aneurysm , and was predeceased by his wife , Helen . He is survived by his children , Jason Coppola of Brooklyn and Samantha Coppola of Bogota , and three grandchildren .

neg: 68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8 , 2014 , to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013 -- 14 season . The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City , and was televised live on CBS . Hugh Jackman was the host , his fourth time hosting . The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals , and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards .   The nominations were announced on April 29 , 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu . Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In just her ninth Broadway engagement , McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories , lead and featured in both a play and a musical . In its seventh Broadway incarnation , The Glass Menagerie won its first Tony Award ( Lighting Design ) .   Aladdin 's win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status .


query: Harry Potter was written by a British author.

pos: Harry Potter Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling . The novels chronicle the life of a young wizard , Harry Potter , and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley , all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry . The main story arc concerns Harry 's struggle against Lord Voldemort , a dark wizard who intends to become immortal , overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic , and subjugate all wizards and Muggles , a reference term that means non-magical people .   Since the release of the first novel , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , on 26 June 1997 , the books have found immense popularity , critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide . The series has now been translated into multiple languages including French , Irish , Spanish , German and Swedish to name a few . They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers , and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature . The series has also had its share of criticism , including concern about the increasingly dark tone as the series progressed , as well as the often gruesome and graphic violence it depicts . , the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide , making them the best-selling book series in history , and have been translated into seventy-three languages . The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history , with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release .   The series was originally published in English by two major publishers , Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States . A play , Harry Potter and the Cursed Child , based on a story co-written by Rowling , premiered in London on 30 July 2016 at the Palace Theatre , and its script was published by Little , Brown as the eighth book in the series . The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part film series by Warner Bros. . Pictures , which has become the second highest-grossing film series of all time . In 2016 , the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $ 25 billion , making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time .   A series of many genres , including fantasy , drama , coming of age , friendship , and the British school story ( which includes elements of mystery , thriller , adventure , horror and romance ) , the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references . According to Rowling , the main theme is death . Other major themes in the series include prejudice , corruption , and madness .   The success of the books and films has ensured that the Harry Potter franchise continues to expand , with numerous derivative works , a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009 , a studio tour in London that opened in 2012 , a digital platform on which J.K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight , and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 , among many other developments . Most recently , themed attractions , collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter , have been built at several Universal Parks & Resorts amusement parks around the world .

pos: Harry Potter (film series) Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling . The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films , beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( 2001 ) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( 2011 ) . A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films , starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) . The Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World .   The series was mainly produced by David Heyman , and stars Daniel Radcliffe , Rupert Grint , and Emma Watson as the three leading characters : Harry Potter , Ron Weasley , and Hermione Granger . Four directors worked on the series : Chris Columbus , Alfonso Cuarón , Mike Newell , and David Yates . The screenplays were written by Steve Kloves , with the exception of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix ( 2007 ) , which was written by Michael Goldenberg . Production took over ten years to complete , with the main story arc following Harry Potter 's quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord Voldemort .   Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , the seventh and final novel in the series , was adapted into two feature-length parts . Part 1 was released in November 2010 , and Part 2 was released in July 2011 .   Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( 2004 ) is the only film in the series not among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time , with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 , the highest-grossing film in the series and one of 30 films to gross over $ 1 billion , ranking at number 8 . Without inflation adjustment , it is the second highest-grossing film series with $ 8.5 billion in worldwide receipts .

pos: Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .

pos: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is a chain of themed areas at Universal Parks & Resorts based on the Harry Potter media franchise , adapting elements from the Warner Brothers ' film series and original novels by J. K. Rowling . The areas were designed by Universal Creative from an exclusive license with Warner Bros. . Entertainment , a Time Warner company .

pos: Harry Potter in translation The Harry Potter series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling have become some of the most widely read works of children 's literature in history , with readers of all ages and in many countries . In April 2011 worldwide sales of Harry Potter books were estimated to be about 450 million copies , . Oddly enough , it has been difficult to accurately determine with any degree of certainty exactly how many languages Harry Potter has been translated into . As best as can be determined ( as of 2017 ) , The Philosopher 's Stone has been officially translated from the original English into 73 other languages . Both Bloomsbury 's and J.K. Rowling 's sites have recently stated that the books have been translated into 79 languages ; however , it has been argued that number actually represents the number of authorized translations ( of The Philosopher 's Stone ) plus the original English . The number of authorized translations is not equal to the number of languages because there have been multiple authorized translations into the same language . Specifically , there have been two separate translations into each of : Mandarin Chinese , Portuguese , Romanian , Russian and Turkish ( 5 languages ) . English is often included in the list of translations even though technically it should n't be ( indeed , it is why our list here counts up to 74 ) . Thus : 79 - English - 5 double-translations = 73 .   The 79 total does not include other linguistically interesting language editions : there have been many regional adaptations of the books to accommodate regional dialects , for example the American English edition or the Valencian adaptation of Catalan . There have been transliterations of translations into different scripts ( English Braille , Serbian Cyrillic ) , there have been major revisions of the Spanish and Italian translations and there have been any number of unauthorized translations .   The focus here is on the languages in which there have been authorized translations ( plus the original English ) . Thus , while there may be incidental note of additional authorized or unauthorized translations , adaptations , transliterations or variants it should not be considered an authoritative source of information about these extra editions .

neg: Gerald Gardner (Wiccan) Gerald Brosseau Gardner ( 1884 -- 1964 ) , also known by the craft name Scire , was an English Wiccan , as well as an author and an amateur anthropologist and archaeologist . He was instrumental in bringing the Contemporary Pagan religion of Wicca to public attention , writing some of its definitive religious texts and founding the tradition of Gardnerian Wicca .   Born into an upper-middle-class family in Blundellsands , Lancashire , Gardner spent much of his childhood abroad in Madeira . In 1900 , he moved to colonial Ceylon , and then in 1911 to Malaya , where he worked as a civil servant , independently developing an interest in the native peoples and writing papers and a book about their magical practices . After his retirement in 1936 , he travelled to Cyprus , penning the novel A Goddess Arrives before returning to England . Settling down near the New Forest , he joined an occult group , the Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship , through which he claimed to have encountered the New Forest coven into which he was initiated in 1939 . Believing the coven to be a survival of the pre-Christian Witch-Cult discussed in the works of Margaret Murray , he decided to revive the faith , supplementing the coven 's rituals with ideas borrowed from Freemasonry , ceremonial magic and the writings of Aleister Crowley to form the Gardnerian tradition of Wicca .   Moving to London in 1945 , following the repeal of the Witchcraft Act of 1736 he became intent on propagating this religion , attracting media attention and writing about it in High Magic 's Aid ( 1949 ) , Witchcraft Today ( 1954 ) and The Meaning of Witchcraft ( 1959 ) . Founding a Wiccan group known as the Bricket Wood coven , he introduced a string of High Priestesses into the religion , including Doreen Valiente , Lois Bourne , Patricia Crowther and Eleanor Bone , through which the Gardnerian community spread throughout Britain and subsequently into Australia and the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . Involved for a time with Cecil Williamson , Gardner also became director of the Museum of Magic and Witchcraft on the Isle of Man , which he ran until his death .   Gardner is internationally recognised as the `` Father of Wicca '' among the Pagan and occult communities . His claims regarding the New Forest coven have been widely scrutinised , with Gardner being the subject of investigation for historians and biographers such as Aidan Kelly , Ronald Hutton and Philip Heselton .

neg: Harry Kipling Harry Kipling is a comics character appearing in the British weekly anthology 2000 AD , created by Simon Spurrier and Boo Cook . He is a True Brit , trying to survive in a world of rampant Pantheistic solipsism aided only by strong tea and a big gun .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: Minerva Press Minerva Press was a publishing house , noted for creating a lucrative market in sentimental and Gothic fiction in the late 18th century and early 19th century . It was established by William Lane ( 1745 ? -1814 ) at No 33 Leadenhall Street , London , when he moved his circulating library there in about 1790 .   Among his stable of writers were many female authors including Regina Maria Roche ( The Maid of Hamlet , 1793 ; Clermont , 1798 ) ; Mrs. Eliza Parsons ( The Castle of Wolfenbach , 1793 ; The Mysterious Warning , 1796 ) ; and Eleanor Sleath ( The Orphan of the Rhine , 1798 ) whose Gothic fiction is included in the list of the seven Northanger Horrid Novels , recommended by the character Isabella Thorpe in Jane Austen 's novel of similar name . Six of the Northanger Seven were published by Minerva . However many titles were anonymous , including such novels as Count Roderic 's Castle ( 1794 ) , The Haunted Castle ( 1794 ) , The Animated Skeleton ( 1798 ) and The New Monk ( 1798 ) , and the five novels of Helen Craik . Authors such as Emma Parker ( `` Emma de Lisle '' ) and Amelia de Beauclerc , who wrote for Minerva Press in the 1800s , are obscure today , and the market for Minerva 's books became negligible after the death of its charismatic founder .   Lane was succeeded as proprietor of the Minerva Press by his partner , Anthony King ( A. K. ) Newman , who gradually dropped the Minerva name from his books ' title pages during the 1820s . Later books published by the press bear the imprint `` A. K. Newman & Co. . ''   In the 20th century , the name Minerva Press was used by at least one publisher unconnected with the original firm .

neg: The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy .   The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels .   In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming .   Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries .   Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .

neg: Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions .   Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original .   Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .

neg: Thomas Taylor (artist) Thomas Henry Taylor ( born 22 May 1973 ) is a British children 's writer and illustrator . He studied at Anglia Ruskin University . He painted the cover art for the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone . Due to the number of questions regarding the identity of the wizard illustrated on the back cover of the first edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , and thanks to the contribution of an Argentine named Alfonso Ferrer in Taylor 's blog , in February 2016 , he decided to name him Robertus Tallis .   He has written and illustrated several picture books , starting with George and Sophie 's Museum Adventure in 1999 , and has two children 's novels , Haunters and Dan of the Dead , due to be published in 2012 .

neg: The Dangerous Book for Boys The Dangerous Book for Boys , by Conn and Hal Iggulden , is a guidebook published by HarperCollins , aimed at boys `` from eight to eighty . '' It covers around eighty topics , including how to build a treehouse , grow a crystal , or tell direction with a watch . Also included are famous quotes , stories , battles , and phrases that `` every boy should know . '' It was published in the UK in June 2006 , and reached number one in the UK non-fiction charts several times , selling over half a million copies .   Conn Iggulden also published a novel , Wolf of the Plains , about Genghis Khan , which , along with The Dangerous Book for Boys , allowed Iggulden to be the first author to reach the number one spot in both the fiction and non-fiction charts .   Within the first week of its US publication on 1 May 2007 , it reached number two on the Amazon.com best-selling book lists , being outsold only by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows . Other people who contributed to the success of the book include the editorial team at the time , which consisted of Katie Espiner and Clare Hey , and Helen Johnstone , who won the 2007 British Book Industry Award for best publicity campaign .

neg: The Tale of Two Bad Mice The Tale of Two Bad Mice is a children 's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter , and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in September 1904 . Potter took inspiration for the tale from two mice caught in a cage-trap in her cousin 's home and a dollhouse being constructed by her editor and publisher Norman Warne as a Christmas gift for his niece Winifred . While the tale was being developed , Potter and Warne fell in love and became engaged , much to the annoyance of Potter 's parents , who were grooming their daughter to be a permanent resident and housekeeper in their London home .   The tale is about two mice who vandalize a dollhouse . After finding the food on the dining room table made of plaster , they smash the dishes , throw the doll clothing out the window , tear the bolster , and carry off a number of articles to their mouse-hole . When the little girl who owns the dollhouse discovers the destruction , she positions a policeman doll outside the front door to ward off any future depredation . The two mice atone for their crime spree by putting a crooked sixpence in the doll 's stocking on Christmas Eve and sweeping the house every morning with a dust-pan and broom .   The tale 's themes of rebellion , insurrection , and individualism reflect not only Potter 's desire to free herself of her domineering parents and build a home of her own , but her fears about independence and her frustrations with Victorian domesticity .   The book was critically well received and brought Potter her first fan letter from America . The tale was adapted to a segment in the 1971 Royal Ballet film The Tales of Beatrix Potter and to an animated episode in the BBC series The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends . Merchandise inspired by the tale includes Beswick Pottery porcelain figurines and Schmid music boxes .

neg: Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite , by Anthony Trollope , is a novel originally published in Macmillan 's Magazine between May and December , 1870 , and in novel form in 1871 .   The novel offers psychological dissection of the issues of inheritance , filial duty , noblesse oblige , gentlemanly behaviour , repentance and love , all hung upon the story of the wooing and losing of Sir Harry Hotspur 's daughter ( and heir to his property ) , Emily , by their `` scamp '' of a cousin ( and heir to Sir Harry 's baronetcy ) , Captain George Hotspur .

neg: List of Oxfordian theory supporters This is a list of confirmed public supporters of the Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship , which was first promulgated in 1920 .   Percy Allen -- journalist , theatre historian  Mark Anderson -- journalist , researcher , author , astrophysicist  Charles Wisner Barrell -- researcher , author  Chris Barron -- American musician , singer , song writer and poet  Charles Beauclerk , Earl of Burford -- writer  Charles Sidney Beauclerk -- Jesuit priest  Louis P. Bénézet -- American school reformer  Harry Blackmun -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice  Marjorie Bowen -- British historian , biographer , novelist  Gelett Burgess -- author , critic , poet , artist  John Byrne -- British-born Canadian-American comic book artist and writer  Michael Chiklis -- actor  Montagu William Douglas -- soldier and colonial administrator .  Roland Emmerich -- film director , screenwriter , producer ; producer and director of Anonymous ( 2011 )  William Farina -- biographer , nonfiction researcher and author , essayist  Bert Fields -- lawyer and writer  Sigmund Freud -- pioneer of psychoanalysis  Sir John Gielgud -- Shakespearean actor , president of the International Shakespeare Association 1974 -- 2000  Michael H. Hart -- astrophysicist , author of The 100 : A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History  Warren Hope -- academic , university English professor , author  Christmas Humphreys -- British barrister , judge , author , Buddhist scholar  Jeremy Irons -- actor  Sir Derek Jacobi -- Shakespearean actor , director  Richard Kennedy -- American children 's book writer  J. Thomas Looney -- British school teacher , researcher , author  David McCullough -- historian , author , biographer  Paul Nitze -- longtime high-ranking U.S. government official and Presidential advisor , ambassador  Charlton Greenwood Ogburn -- lawyer  Charlton Ogburn -- investigative journalist , researcher , author  John Orloff -- screenwriter  Gerald Henry Rendall -- professor of Greek  Mark Rylance -- Shakespearean actor and director , director of Shakespeare 's Globe Theatre 1995 -- 2005  Antonin Scalia -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice  Joseph Sobran -- journalist , author , researcher  John Paul Stevens -- U.S. Supreme Court Justice  Roger Stritmatter -- Professor of Humanities at Coppin State University and the general editor of Brief Chronicles  Peter A. Sturrock -- British astrophysicist , Stanford University professor of applied physics , Arctowski Medalist , author of AKA Shakespeare : A Scientific Approach to the Authorship Question  Bernard Mordaunt Ward -- military officer , author  Alexander Waugh -- writer  Michael York -- actor

neg: A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well .   Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature .   The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes .   A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .

neg: Helen Baker (author) Helen Baker , ( born 18 April 1948 in England ) is an English author .   Baker studied economics at the University of York before obtaining a bilingual secretarial certificate from the City of London College and a Certificate of Education from Wolverhampton Technical Teachers ' College . She is best known for her books concerning personal finance , particularly Money Matters For Women ( 1993 ) published by Penguin , later updated as Wealth For Women ( 2005 ) : Another major theme in her work is Teaching English as a Foreign Language in such books as Teaching A Frenchman English - In and Out of Bed ( 2011 ) and English - Laugh And Learn ( 2006 ) .   More recently she has written eight novels based on Jane Austen 's books , continuations like Playfulness ( 2008 ) , a continuation of Jane Austen 's Mansfield Park , completions like The Brothers By Jane Austen And Another Lady ( 2011 ) and a complete revamping like Miss Jane Austen 's Lady Susan -- Revived ( 2010 ) . She has also published many travelogues , drawing on her own experience as an expatriate .

neg: George Percy, Earl Percy George Dominic Percy , Earl Percy ( born 4 May 1984 ) , is the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland .   Percy was born as the second child and elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland . He became heir apparent to the dukedom in 1995 , when his uncle Henry , 11th Duke of Northumberland , died . Percy 's parents , now Duke and Duchess of Northumberland , were eager to protect him from `` vices and pitfalls '' , and filed a lawsuit to prevent him from inheriting # 1 million and a # 250,000 annual income upon turning 18 . In 1999 , they succeeded in delaying the inheritance , which Lord Percy received at the age of 25 . George Percy is also set to inherit Alnwick Castle , famously known as Hogwarts ' School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Harry Potter films . He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1998 . He is also a direct descendant of Charles II of England through multiple descents .   Earl Percy was educated at Eton College , and studied geography at the University of Edinburgh , specialising in sustainable development and renewable energy . He graduated in 2008 , having shared a house with Pippa Middleton , with whom he has been linked since .   Percy studied Arabic language at the University of Damascus , and later worked in Abu Dhabi . He is the managing director of energy company Cluff Geothermal with Paul Younger .   As old family friends , Lord Percy and his family attended the wedding of Middleton 's sister Catherine and Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , in 2011 .

neg: Our Island Story Our Island Story : A Child 's History of England is a book by Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall , first published in 1905 in London by T. C. & E. C. Jack .   It covers the history of England from the time of the Roman occupation until Queen Victoria 's death , using a mixture of traditional history and mythology to explain the story of British history in a way accessible to younger readers .   Prime Minister David Cameron chose Our Island Story when asked to select his favourite childhood book in October 2010 :   `` When I was younger , I particularly enjoyed ` Our Island Story ' by Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall -LSB- ... -RSB- It is written in a way that really captured my imagination and which nurtured my interest in the history of our great nation . ''   The book depicts the union of England and Scotland as a desirable and inevitable event , and praises rebels and the collective will of the common people in opposing tyrants , including kings like John and Charles I.

neg: Thomas Wiseman Thomas Wiseman ( born Alphons Weissmann , Vienna , 1931 ) is a British author , playwright and screenwriter .

neg: Literature of England The literature of England is literature written in what is now England , or by English writers . It consists mainly of English literature - i.e. literature written in the English language - but there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages .

neg: Stuart Craig Norman Stuart Craig ( born 14 April 1942 ) is a noted British production designer .   He has also designed the sets , together with his frequent collaborator set decorator , the late Stephenie McMillan , on all of the Harry Potter films to date . At Potter author J. K. Rowling 's request , he worked with Universal Creative team to design the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal 's Islands of Adventure theme park . Rowling said in a December 2007 interview on the Potter podcast PotterCast , `` The key thing for me was that , if there was to be a theme park , that Stuart Craig ... would be involved . ... More than involved , that he would pretty much design it . Because I love the look of the films ; they really mirror what 's been in my imagination for all these years '' .   He has been nominated for 10 Academy Awards , and has won three : in 1982 for Gandhi , in 1988 for Dangerous Liaisons , and in 1996 for The English Patient . He has been nominated for a BAFTA award fourteen times , including for first six and last Potter film , and has won twice : in 1980 for The Elephant Man and in 2005 for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire .   Stuart Craig has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for consecutive six films in a row , viz . for consecutive first six Harry Potter films .   For his work on The English Patient , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix , Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince , and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 and Part 2 , Craig was nominated for an Art Directors Guild award and won the same for The English Patient and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 . The Guild has also honored Craig with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the awards ceremony on 16 February 2008 .

neg: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return .   The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince .   Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D .   As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .

neg: Alchemy in art and entertainment Alchemy has had a long-standing relationship with art , seen both in alchemical texts and in mainstream entertainment . Literary alchemy appears throughout the history of English literature from Shakespeare to modern Fantasy authors . Here , characters or plot structure follow an alchemical magnum opus . In the fourteenth century , Chaucer began a trend of alchemical satire that can still be seen in recent fantasy works like those of Terry Pratchett .   Visual artists had a similar relationship with alchemy . While some of them used alchemy as a source of satire , others worked with the alchemists themselves or integrated alchemical thought or symbols in their work . Music was also present in the works of alchemists and continues to influence popular performers . In the last hundred years , alchemists have been portrayed in a magical and spagyric role in fantasy fiction , film , television , comics and video games .