query: John Kiffmeyer is an artist.

pos: John Kiffmeyer John Kiffmeyer ( born July 11 , 1969 ) , known professionally in music as Al Sobrante , is an American musician , best known as the former drummer for the punk rock band Green Day . His name of Al Sobrante is a reference to his hometown , El Sobrante . His work with Green Day resulted in about 961,000 albums sold , which are mostly from the compilation album 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours .

neg: Style (visual arts) In the visual arts , style is a '' ... distinctive manner which permits the grouping of works into related categories '' . or '' ... any distinctive , and therefore recognizable , way in which an act is performed or an artifact made or ought to be performed and made '' . It refers to the visual appearance of a work of art that relates it to other works by the same artist or one from the same period , training , location , `` school '' , art movement or archaeological culture : `` The notion of style has long been the art historian 's principal mode of classifying works of art . By style he selects and shapes the history of art '' .   Style is often divided into the general style of a period , country or cultural group , group of artists or art movement , and the individual style of the artist within that group style . Divisions within both types of styles are often made , such as between `` early '' , `` middle '' or `` late '' . In some artists , such as Picasso for example , these divisions may be marked and easy to see , in others they are more subtle . Style is seen as usually dynamic , in most periods always changing by a gradual process , though the speed of this varies greatly , between the very slow development in style typical of prehistoric art or ancient Egyptian art to the rapid changes in modern art styles . Style often develops in a series of jumps , with relatively sudden changes followed by periods of slower development .   After dominating academic discussion in art history in the 19th and early 20th centuries , so-called `` style art history '' has come under increasing attack in recent decades , and many art historians now prefer to avoid stylistic classifications where they can .

neg: John Singleton Copley John Singleton Copley ( 1738 -- September 9 , 1815 ) was an American painter , active in both colonial America and England . He was probably born in Boston , Massachusetts , to Richard and Mary Singleton Copley , both Anglo-Irish . He is famous for his portrait paintings of important figures in colonial New England , depicting in particular middle-class subjects . His portraits were innovative in their tendency to depict artifacts relating to these individuals ' lives .

neg: Jonathan David Katz Jonathan David Katz ( born 1958 ) is an American activist , art historian , educator and writer , he is currently the director of the doctoral program in Visual culture studies at State University of New York at Buffalo . He is also the former executive coordinator of the Larry Kramer Initiative for Lesbian and Gay Studies at Yale University . He is a former chair of the Department of Lesbian and Gay studies at the City College of San Francisco , and was the first tenured faculty in gay and lesbian studies in the United States . Katz was an associate professor in the Art History Department at the State University of New York at Stony Brook , where he also taught queer studies . He received his Ph.D. from Northwestern University in 1996 .   Katz is the founder of the Harvey Milk Institute , the largest queer studies institute in the world , and the Queer Caucus for Art of the College Art Association .   Katz co-founded Queer Nation San Francisco . He has made scholarly contributions to queer studies the focus of his professional career . He was the first artistic director of the National Queer Arts Festival in San Francisco and has published widely in the United States and Europe .   His forthcoming book , The Homosexualization of American Art : Jasper Johns , Robert Rauschenberg and the Collective Closet , will be published by the University of Chicago Press . An internationally recognized expert in queer postwar American art , Katz has recently published `` Jasper Johns ' Alley Oop : On Comic Strips and Camouflage '' in Schwule Bildwelten im 20 . Jahrhundert , edited by Thomas Roeske , and `` The Silent Camp : Queer Resistance and the Rise of Pop Art , '' in Plop ! Goes the World , edited by Serge Guilbaut . In 1995 , Katz was kicked out of Rauschenberg conference at the Guggenheim for mentioning Rauschenberg 's relationship with Johns .   Katz was co-curator with David C. Ward and Jenn Sichel of the exhibition `` Hide/Seek : Difference and Desire in American Portraiture '' at the National Portrait Gallery , Washington . This was the first major museum exploration of the impact of same-sex desire in the creation of modern American portraiture . David Wojnarowicz 's video `` A Fire in My Belly '' was removed from the exhibition on November 30 , 2010 , causing controversy . Katz was not consulted before the work 's removal .

neg: John Butler (artist) John Davidson Butler ( 1890 -- 1976 ) , was an American artist from Seattle , Washington . He worked primarily as a painter , but later also as a printmaker and ceramicist .   Butler was one of three Seattle artists who worked together under the name `` The Triad '' . The others were etcher Roi Partridge and miniaturist Clare Shepard Shisler . Also in their circle were photographer Imogen Cunningham ( who used Butler and the others extensively as models , and later married Partridge ) , and painters Mabel Lisle Ducasse and Yasushi Tanaka .   As a youth , Butler studied in Seattle under Carlotta Blaurock , who had been , in turn , a student of James McNeill Whistler . He also studied with Ella Shepard Bush ( founder in 1894 of the Seattle Art School ) and other local artists . Some of his early work was exhibited at Seattle 's 1909 Alaska -- Yukon -- Pacific Exposition . In 1910 , he followed Partridge to New York , where two of Butler 's watercolors were shown at the American Watercolor Society exhibition at the National Academy of Design . The two traveled on to Europe where Butler studied at the Colorossi Academy in Paris and also studied in Germany .   Returning to America , he continued his studies under William Merritt Chase , at a summer 1914 class in Carmel , California . There , he shared a first prize from Chase with a fellow Seattle artist , Louise Crow . Upon returning home , he had a successful solo exhibition at the Seattle Fine Arts Society , which was a predecessor to the Seattle Art Museum . He offered private classes , and also became the first teacher of painting at the Cornish School , later Cornish College of the Arts . His students included Kenneth Callahan and Thomas Handforth .   He served in the military in World War I ; after the war , he remained primarily in Europe until 1932 , periodically sending works for exhibition in Seattle . While in Europe he began making woodcuts and blockprints , which were exhibited at the Northwest Printmakers Society in Seattle , among other venues . Returning the U.S. , he taught at a variety of institutions in Seattle , Minneapolis , Virginia , and Pennsylvania . He received a Bronze Medal in a national figure composition competition at Washington , D.C. 's Corcoran Gallery in 1938 . In the early 1940s , he began working in ceramics .   Butler produced numerous murals in Seattle and elsewhere and illustrations for local Seattle publications . He also wrote articles and worked with arts organizations to promote art in Seattle .   Butler rarely signed his works , so it is not always readily apparent what works are his . Some of the early works when he was associated with `` The Triad '' bear a triangular cipher . He sometimes signed his work with his initials , `` J.B. ''   The Seattle Art Museum 's collection includes a painting by Butler , depicting a couple resting on the banks of Lake Washington on a Summer Day .

neg: John Nelson Battenberg John Nelson Battenberg ( December 3 , 1931 -- July 8 , 2012 ) was an American sculptor .   Battenberg was born in Milwaukee , Wisconsin in 1931 . An artist named John Goray first influenced him when Battenberg was about 10 years old . Battenberg did his undergraduate work in art at various Midwestern universities . He also attended the Ruskin School , Oxford University for two years . He received M.F.A. 's from Michigan State University and California School of Arts and Crafts .   Battenberg has resided in both Italy and England . He was a professor of sculpture at San José State University and now holds the title of professor emeritus . He left his professorship to pursue his sculpture full-time . In 2007 , Battenberg returned to painting for a number of reasons , one of which was a leg injury which eventually prevented him from sculpting .   The Honolulu Museum of Art , the Krannert Art Museum ( University of Illinois , Champaign , Illinois ) , the National Museum of Wildlife Art ( Jackson Hole , Wyoming ) , the Oakland Museum of California ( Oakland , California ) the San Diego Museum of Art , the Seattle Art Museum ( Seattle , Washington ) , the Syracuse University Art Collection ( Syracuse , New York ) , the Triton Museum of Art ( Santa Clara , California ) , and Phoenix University ( Phoenix , Arizona ) are among the public collections holding his work .   In 2009 John began using a technique utilizing a series of layers of painted images sandwiched between an equal number of 1/8 '' layers of optically clear plastic resin ; creating a three dimensionality . Battenberg successfully moved his Koi to Arizona from California in 2006 ; some of his exotic Koi subjects are over 30 years old . Battenberg 's Koi are the subjects of his 3D paintings .   John Battenberg lived his final years in Scottsdale , with his wife Lynn , two cats , an aviary of birds , and twenty-seven Koi fish contained in two outdoor ponds . He died on July 8 , 2012 , in Scottsdale .

neg: John Balossi John Balossi ( May 28 , 1931 -- April 8 , 2007 ) was a painter and sculptor . Born in New York City , he received his BFA and master 's degree at Columbia University in N.Y.C. . He was an associate Professor of Fine Arts at the University of Puerto Rico in Río Piedras .   Balossi was also a ceramist and printmaker , and gave more than thirty one-man exhibitions in Puerto Rico , New York , and Paris , France . In his thematic , he was well known for his interpretations of horses . Remarkable were some of his xilos such as the series `` White Rider '' and the enormous `` Moonscape '' ( on discarded paper ) unfortunately lost .   His work can be found in the Museum of Modern Art ( N.Y. ) ; Finch College Museum ( N.Y. ) ; Museum of Fine Arts ( Fort Lauderdale ) ; Chase Manhattan Fine Arts Center ; University of Massachusetts Amherst ; Ponce Art Museum ; and in many other public and private art collections .

neg: John August Swanson John August Swanson ( born January 11 , 1938 ) is an American visual artist working primarily in the medium of serigraphy , as well as oil , watercolor , acrylic , mixed media , lithography , and etching .  Swanson studied with Corita Kent at Immaculate Heart College . He is the recipient of a Doctor of Humane Letters degree honoris causa from California Lutheran University . He has collaborated on a number of books .

neg: Jerry Ott Jerry Duane Ott ( born 1947 ) is an American artist born in 1947 .   He is best known for his photorealism work and creative use of painting surfaces . His latest technical development are paintings wrapped across two - and three-dimensional surfaces . They range from drawings a few inches wide to sculptural assemblages more than five feet tall and eight feet long . His paintings are more about the nature of art and the experience of seeing than about the subjects they depict .   Jerry Ott is a true master airbrush artist and a leading painter in the ` Photo Realist ' school of painting that emerged in the 1960s . In the early 1970s Jerry Ott received a great deal of attention in his career as one of two such artists -- Hilo Chen being the other - dealing exclusively with the nude figure . If there ever were a subject ideally suited for rendering by an airbrush , it would be the human figure and the airbrush is the tool used to develop that `` feel '' of the human body -- skin that you think you can touch .   Ott 's work has found international acclaim . His realistic paintings appear in the art capitals of Europe , Japan and as far a field as New Zealand . Among the prestigious Institutions that have acquired his works are New York City 's Metropolitan Museum of Art , the Smithsonian Institution , Washington , DC , the Minneapolis Institute of Arts and the Walker Art Center .   In his recent paintings , the effects of light and shade , optical illusions , nubile woman and delicate flesh continue to fascinate Ott . In `` Pipe Dreams , '' he juxtaposes a pretty but unanimated girl with three banal lamps which refer to the mass-produced ceramic jars , vases and lamps sold as art . In Ott 's painting , however , the reflections in the porcelain lamp bases and shadows that play across the skin are least as important as the woman herself .

neg: John McLaughlin (artist) John Dwyer McLaughlin ( May 21 , 1898 -- March 22 , 1976 ) was a highly pivotal and significant American abstract painter . Based primarily in California , he was a pioneer in minimalism and hard-edge painting . Long considered in California as one of the most significant artists of the postwar , McLaughlin painted a focused body of geometric works that are completely devoid of any connection to everyday experience and objects , inspired by the Japanese notion of the void . He aimed to create paintings devoid of any object hood including but not limited to a gestures , representations , figuration , and so on . This led him to the rectangle . Leveraging a technique of layering rectangular bars on adjacent planes , McLaughlin creates works that provoke introspection and , consequently , a greater understanding of one 's relationship to nature . Christopher Knight affirms `` McLaughlin is among the most profound avant-garde painters to work in the United States in the aftermath of the cataclysm that was World War II . He 's also Southern California 's first momentous postwar artist . Born in the closing years of the 19th century , he laid the foundation for the environmentally scaled wonders of 1960s Light and Space art , which ranks as Los Angeles ' most original contribution to high culture at the end of the 20th century ... McLaughlin began to paint just as its gestural extravagances and emotionally fraught chromatics began to coalesce into the New York School . In the wake of the Holocaust and Hiroshima , those artists stared straight into the void ... -LSB- McLaughlin 's -RSB- void is not an abyss of social and spiritual terror in which interior narratives of worldly experience can be told , as it was for Jackson Pollock or Mark Rothko . Instead , his is the negative space that allows consciousness to blossom and manifest itself . Their art is about inviting us into their deep perception , while his is about inviting us into our own . McLaughlin 's void is ma , the poetic space and interval between things that animate Japanese art '' .

neg: Joe's Garage Joe 's Garage is a three-part rock opera recorded by American musician Frank Zappa in 1979 . Originally released as two separate studio albums on Zappa Records , the project was later remastered and reissued as a triple album box set , Joe 's Garage , Acts I , II & III , in 1987 . The LPs initially received mixed to positive reviews , with critics praising its innovative and original music , but criticizing the scatological , sexual and profane nature of the lyrics . Since its original release , Joe 's Garage has been reappraised in a better light by some critics .   Zappa self-deprecatingly described the album as a `` stupid little story about how the government is going to do away with music . '' The story is told by a character identified as the `` Central Scrutinizer '' narrating the story of Joe , an average adolescent male who forms a garage rock band , has unsatisfying relationships with women , gives all of his money to a government assisted and insincere religion , explores sexual activities with appliances , and is imprisoned . After being released from prison into a dystopian society in which music itself has been criminalized , he lapses into insanity .   The album encompasses a large spectrum of musical styles , while its lyrics often feature satirical or humorous commentary on American society and politics . It addresses themes of individualism , free will , censorship , the music industry and human sexuality , while criticizing government and religion , and satirizing Catholicism and Scientology . Joe 's Garage is noted for its use of xenochrony , a recording technique that takes guitar solos from older live recordings and overdubs them onto new studio recordings . All of the guitar solos on the album are xenochronous except for `` Crew Slut '' and `` Watermelon in Easter Hay '' , a signature song that Zappa has described as the best song on the album , and according to his son Dweezil , the best guitar solo his father ever played .

neg: James Metcalf James `` Jimmy '' Metcalf ( March 11 , 1925 -- January 27 , 2012 ) was an American sculptor , artist and educator . Metcalf established and led a community for copper artisans in Santa Clara del Cobre , Michoacán , Mexico , from the 1970s until his death in 2012 .   Metcalf was born in New York City . His parents were both stained glass artists , most notably contributing to the windows for the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine . Metcalf took up art and sculpture as a teenager . He enlisted in the 88th Infantry Division of the United States Army , nicknamed the Blue Devils , when he was 18 years old . Metcalf fought in northern Italy during World War II , and lost three of his fingers during combat at Furlo Pass .   Metcalf attended the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia and then enrolled at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London . He was awarded a fellowship to study ancient metallurgy and essentially moved to Deya , Majorca , in 1953 . There he befriended and collaborated with writer Robert Graves on his work , Adam 's Rib , published in 1955 . Metcalf lived in Paris from 1956 to 1965 , where he located his studio at the Impasse Ronsin .   By 1965 , Metcalf was an accomplished sculptor , with a studio on Spring Street in SoHo . However , he was tired of contemporary art and moved to Mexico , including Mexico City . He became friends with prominent writers and artists , including Carlos Fuentes and Carlos Pellicer , and was the first to introduce Octavio Paz to Marcel Duchamp . Metcalf won the commission to forge the Olympic torch for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City . He was married to Mexican actress Pilar Pellicer , his third wife , with whom he had two sons and one daughter . Metcalf later married Pilar Pellicar 's younger sister , sculptor Ana Pellicer , his fourth wife .   Metcalf opened a studio and forge in 1967 , where he taught artists how to create vases with a thick edge called El Borde Greuso . In 1973 , Melcalf and Anna Pellicer founded Casa de Artesana and a school . which would become known as the Adolfo Best Maugard School of Arts and Crafts in Santa Clara del Cobre , to promote indigenous artists and pre-Columbian coppersmithing and forging techniques . Their work has been credited with preserving the metalworking of the region .   Metcalf died in Santa Clara del Cobre , Michoacan , on January 27 , 2012 , at the age of 86 . He was survived by his wife , Ana Pellicer . He was buried in Santa Clara del Cobre , near several of his sculptures .

neg: Lyman Kipp Lyman Emmet Kipp , Jr. ( December 24 , 1929 - March 30 , 2014 ) was a sculptor and painter who created pieces that are composed of strong vertical and horizontal objects and were often painted in bold primary colors recalling arrangements by De Stijl Constructivists . Kipp is an important figure in the development of the Primary Structure style which came to prominence in the mid-1960s .   Kipp 's early work in the 1950s focused on geometric , plaster reliefs and cast bronzes ( see No. 1 - 1959 or Directional I ) . He moved on to large , geometric , welded pieces composed of post and beam elements emphasizing the vertical during the 1960s ( see Andy 's Cart Blanche , Muscoot or Hudson Bay ) . Finding it difficult to transport large , heavy , welded pieces , he turned to angled sections and sheets of steel and aluminum that could be bolted together on site . Typically the pieces were painted with bright colors and the thin edges were often defined with bright , complementary colors ( see Long Distance , Chicksaw or Kobi ) . In the late 1970s , Kipp 's steel sheets began to move into the air on thin legs ( see Lockport 1977 , Salute to Knowledge or Yoakum Jack ) .   Kipp was a founding member of ConStruct , the artist-owned gallery that promoted and organized large-scale sculpture exhibitions throughout the United States . Other founding members include Mark di Suvero , Kenneth Snelson , John Raymond Henry and Charles Ginnever .   Kipp 's health deteriorated and he died peacefully on March 30 , 2014 . His last known works were in 2011 .

neg: Philip Taaffe Philip Taaffe ( born 1955 ) is an American artist , who has shown his works all around the world . His work sometimes blended motifs from multiple cultures .

neg: John W. Norton John Warner Norton ( 7 March 1876 - 7 January 1934 ) was an Illinois muralist and easel artist who pioneered the field in the United States .   Norton was born in Lockport , Illinois , the son of John Lyman Norton and Ada Clara Gooding Norton . The family ran the Norton & Co. of Lockport . Norton 's study of law at Harvard University was broken off when the family 's firm went bankrupt . Before , and after a period of living as a cowboy and enlisting with the Rough Riders , he studied art at the Art Institute of Chicago ( 1897 , 1899 -- 1901 ) ; he would later teach there . His students included Frances Badger . He was influenced by the Armory Show and the Japanese printmaker Katsushika Hokusai .   Among his works are the landmark 1929 180 ft long ceiling mural for the concourse of the old Chicago Daily News Building ( mural not currently installed in this building , which has been renamed Riverside Plaza ; designed by architects Holabird & Root , 1929 ) ; the Ceres mural in the Chicago Board of Trade Building ( Holabird & Root , 1930 ) ; two large murals , `` Old South '' and `` New South '' commissioned by Holabird & Root for the Jefferson County Courthouse in Birmingham , Alabama ; his Tavern Club murals at the 333 North Michigan Ave. building , Chicago ( Holabird & Root , 1928 ) ; his American Heritage Series at the Hamilton Park Field House , 513 W. 72nd St. , Chicago ; four murals at the St. Paul , Minnesota city hall ; twelve murals comprising The History of Mankind ( 1923 ) at the Logan Museum of Anthropology at Beloit College , in Wisconsin ; and his first major mural in Chicago 's Cliff Dwellers Club ( 1909 ) , where he was a founding member .   At the time of his death in Charleston , South Carolina of cancer , he was a popular and respected artist .

neg: Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop 's Grounds is an 1823 painting by the nineteenth-century landscape painter John Constable ( 1776 -- 1837 ) . This image of Salisbury Cathedral , one of England 's most famous medieval churches , is one of his most celebrated works , and was commissioned by one of his closest friends , John Fisher , The Bishop of Salisbury .   Constable visited Salisbury in 1820 and made a series of oil sketches of the cathedral , which served as the model for this composition . The artist selected a viewpoint from the bishop 's garden and included figures of Dr. Fisher and his wife at the bottom left . Following its exhibition at the 1823 Royal Academy , Constable observed : `` My Cathedral looks very well ... It was the most difficult subject in Landscape I ever had upon my Easel . I have not flinched at the work of the windows , buttresses , & c. - but I have as usual made my escape in the Evanescence of the Chiaro-Oscuro '' . His patron took exception to the dark cloud over the cathedral , and when he commissioned a smaller replica , requested `` a more serene sky '' .   The painting embodies the full range of qualities of a quintessentially British landscape painting -- the clouds , trees , a water meadow , cattle drinking at the edge of the pasture and the glorious architecture of a medieval cathedral -- but all on a human scale . Paintings like this one have so conditioned our view of rural Britain that it is now difficult to imagine a time when the countryside and country life were not held in such high regard .   A version of the painting also resides at the Frick Collection in New York City . It is slightly different in that it shows different weather and hence light . Whereas the London version depicts the cathedral with an overcast sky , the version in the Frick shows the cathedral with a clear , bright sky .   A small version of the painting resides at the Huntington Library in San Marino , California . John Fisher gave it to his daughter as a wedding present .   There is an earlier , homonymous version ( 1821-1822 ) of this painting at São Paulo Museum of Art in São Paulo . It is said that Fisher , seeing its sombre and grave colors , disliked it and asked for a happier , lighter one .

neg: John E. Berninger John Emil Berninger ( December 13 , 1896 -- July 1981 ) was an American landscape painter and Pennsylvania impressionist . He lived and painted in Allentown , Pennsylvania , in the United States .   As an artist , Berninger has been described as being `` in the outer ring of the New Hope School '' and a member of `` The Baum Circle , '' the group of artists either taught by , associated with , or directly influenced by Pennsylvania impressionist painter Walter Emerson Baum .   Berninger studied under Orlando Gray Wales and Arlington Nelson Lindenmuth , and was a student of Baum 's first class in Allentown during the summer of 1926 . In 1932 , he became an art instructor at the Kline-Baum Art School . In 1934 , he was one of four Baum students ( along with Joseph Gehringer , Walter Mattern and Melville Stark ) accepted into the Circulating Picture Club of the Philadelphia Art Alliance . In 1936 , Berninger became the first curator of the Allentown Art Museum ( founded by Baum the previous year ) , and lived with his wife , Mabel , on the museum 's second floor until 1956 . Mabel Berninger assisted her husband in his role as curator at the museum , and also served as secretary for the Kline-Baum School 's Circulating Picture Club , a `` lending library '' for art .   In 1939 , Berninger was made a partner in Wuchter and Berninger , a jewelry store located on Hamilton Street in center-city Allentown . To promote his works , Berninger would often place them in the window of his store . It was here that local publisher and humanitarian Robert Rodale became exposed to Berninger 's works . Many years later , the David E. Rodale Gallery at the Baum School of Art , named for Rodale 's son , held the first major exhibition of Berninger 's work .   In the mid-1950s , Berninger 's work appeared on a series of calendars issued by the local newspaper , The Morning Call . During this time he frequently vacationed in Bar Harbor , Maine , an area which became the subject of many of his seascape paintings . In the late 1950s and early 1960s , his home - located across the street from Allentown 's picturesque West Park ( near the intersection of 15th and Turner Streets ) - became a frequent meeting place for local artists .   For forty years , Berninger painted with Karl Buesgen , a local impressionist landscape artist , music teacher and church organist . The two spent nearly every Saturday visiting and talking , and every Sunday afternoon painting . This relationship continued until Berninger 's death in 1981 . Buesgen died later that same year . Berninger also painted with Baum , Melville Stark and Clarence Dreisbach on a regular basis .   In 2004 , the David E. Rodale Gallery at the Baum School of Art held an exhibition of the Berninger 's work . During 2004 and 2005 , Berninger 's work was included in the Allentown Art Museum 's exhibit , `` Allentown Impressions : Views of City Parks . '' In 2006 , Berninger 's work was included in an exhibition at the David E. Rodale Gallery at the Baum School of Art highlighting the work of The Baum Circle .

neg: Philip Krejcarek Philip Krejcarek is a Wisconsin-based fine-art photographer and artist . He teaches courses in photography and art history at Carroll University , where he is Chair of the program in Visual and Performing Arts .   He has won both regional and national awards for his work as an artist , and has published on photography . Has written three books on photography , including An Introduction to Digital Imaging ( Cengage , 2002 ) , Digital Photography : A Hands on Introduction ( Van Nostrand Reinhold , 1996 ) , and Photography as a Fine Art ( Simon & Schuster , 1987 ) . His influences include notable American photographers , sculptors , and installation artists , including Sandy Skoglund , Jerry Uelsmann , and Arthur Tress .   He is a recipient of a Wisconsin Arts Board grant for individual artists and regular presents at conferences such as the Society for Photographic Education . His work has been displayed in national exhibitions and has been included in collections at the Milwaukee Art Museum , The Denver Art Museum , Wustum Museum of Fine Arts , and the Haggerty Museum of Art . He has been showcased by the ACLU as an artist whose work has sparked debates about freedom of expression , and he continues to speak at national conferences . In 2013 , he received a prize for his photograph , `` On the Scuppernong Trail , '' in the Milwaukee Area Teachers of Art spring show .   Krejcarek is also trained in sculpture , and his work was recently featured in the Lynden Sculpture Garden .

neg: John Anster Fitzgerald John Anster Christian Fitzgerald ( 1823 ? -- 1906 ) was a Victorian era fairy painter and portrait artist . He was nicknamed `` Fairy Fitzgerald '' for his main genre . Many of his fairy paintings are dark and contain images of ghouls , demons , and references to drug use ; his work has been compared to the surreal nightmare-scapes of Hieronymus Bosch and Pieter Brueghel .

neg: John Tuska John Tuska ( 1931 -- 1998 ) was an American artist and educator . He was best known as a sculptor and potter , but also as a draftsman , painter , designer and photographer . Tuska was born in Yukon , Pennsylvania , as the eighth of ten children . He was a professor at the University of Kentucky . His classes and workshops ( for the general public ) , had brought art to a wider audience . Tuska 's body of work can be found in collections and public spaces , both regionally and internationally .

neg: Edward Kelly (painter) Edward Kelly ( born 1946 ) is a contemporary English painter .  He was born in Liverpool , England in 1946 . He studied at Liverpool College of Art between 1963 -- 67 , during which time he studied in Italy under a Joohn Moores Travel Scholarship . He took a Higher Diploma at Birmingham College of Art between 1967 -- 68 , and taught at Chelsea College of Art from 1974 to 1996 .   His solo exhibitions include the Bootle Art Gallery , Liverpool ( 1969 ) , the Camden Arts Centre , London ( 1982 ) , Air Gallery , London ( 1985 ) , Kapil Jariwala Gallery , London ( 1987 , 1991 ) , Arts in Mann Gallery , Isle of Man ( 1991 ) , Smith Janwala Gallery , London ( 1994 ) , Courtyard , Hereford ( 2005 ) , Martin 's Gallery , Cheltenham ( 2006 ) , House of Manannan and Manx Museum , Isle of Man ( 2012 )  , Artwave West , Dorset ( 2012 ) .   In 1969 he exhibited with Sylvia Goth at the Bluecoat Gallery , Liverpool as a John Moore 's scholar . In 1980 he exhibited with Simon Willis at Bedford Way Gallery in London . In 1999 to 2001 he exhibited in group shows at Culture Gallery , Broadway , New York . In 2012 he filmed an interview with playwright Peter Terson , excerpts of which were screened at the British Film Institute .   Ken Kiff praised his `` hard won images '' in 1987 .


query: Loki is the father of Farbauti and Laufey.

pos: Loki In Norse mythology , Loki ( Anglicized ( -LSB- ˈloʊki -RSB- ) ) , Loptr , or Hveðrungr is a god or jötunn ( or both ) . Loki is the son of Fárbauti and Laufey , and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr . By the jötunn Angrboða , Loki is the father of Hel , the wolf Fenrir , and the world serpent Jörmungandr . By his wife Sigyn , Loki is the father of Narfi and/or Nari . By the stallion Svaðilfari , Loki is the mother -- giving birth in the form of a mare -- to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir . In addition , Loki is referred to as the father of Váli in Prose Edda , though this source also refers to Odin as the father of Váli twice , and Váli is found mentioned as a Son of Loki only once .   Loki 's relation with the gods varies by source ; Loki sometimes assists the gods and sometimes behaves in a malicious manner towards them . Loki is a shape shifter and in separate incidents he appears in the form of a salmon , a mare , a fly , and possibly an elderly woman named Þökk ( Old Norse ` thanks ' ) . Loki 's positive relations with the gods end with his role in engineering the death of the god Baldr and Loki is eventually bound by Váli with the entrails of one of his sons . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , the goddess Skaði is responsible for placing a serpent above him while he is bound . The serpent drips venom from above him that Sigyn collects into a bowl ; however , she must empty the bowl when it is full , and the venom that drips in the meantime causes Loki to writhe in pain , thereby causing earthquakes . With the onset of Ragnarök , Loki is foretold to slip free from his bonds and to fight against the gods among the forces of the jötnar , at which time he will encounter the god Heimdallr and the two will slay each other .   Loki is referred to in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; the Norwegian Rune Poems , in the poetry of skalds , and in Scandinavian folklore . Loki may be depicted on the Snaptun Stone , the Kirkby Stephen Stone , and the Gosforth Cross . Loki 's origins and role in Norse mythology , which some scholars have described as that of a trickster god , have been much debated by scholars . Loki has been depicted in or is referenced in a variety of media in modern popular culture .

neg: Sturlungar family clan The Sturlungs ( Icelandic : Sturlungar ) were a powerful family clan in medieval mid-13th century Iceland , in the time of the Icelandic Commonwealth . Their story is partly told in Sturlunga saga , and members of the clan were significant participants in the civil war of the Age of the Sturlungs .   The Sturlungs were a wealthy and influential clan . They controlled Western Iceland , the Westfjords and North Eastern Iceland .   The patriarch of the Sturlungs was Sturla Þórðarson , whom scholars believe was born around 1115 . He inherited his Goðorð ( domain , realm or area of influence ) from his father Þórður Gilsson . Sturla quarrelled extensively with Einar Þorgilsson of Staðarhóll and many other chieftains . Jón Loftsson , a well-respected man , mediated in one of these disputes . Following this , he was entrusted with the upbringing of Sturla 's son Snorri Sturluson , who later became the most influential of the Sturlungs , and the most famous due to his literary endeavours . Snorri had two brothers , Þórður Sturluson and Sighvatur Sturluson .   The descendants of Sturla played an important role in the Age of the Sturlungs civil war , most notably his sons Snorri and Sighvatur , and Sighvatur 's son Þórður kakali Sighvatsson . Another notable Sturlung was Sturla Þórðarson , son of Þórður Sturluson , who fought with Þórður kakali . He wrote Íslendinga saga , the longest part of Sturlunga saga , and Hákonar saga gamla , the story of Haakon IV of Norway . Some scholars also attribute to him the authorship of Kristni saga and a transcript of Landnáma .   The writing of the Icelandic sagas began with the Sturlungs , and many of those written before 1280 were their work , or were written at their behest .

neg: Gunnlaugr Ormstunga Gunnlaugr Ormstunga ( i.e. `` Serpent-Tongue '' ) was an Icelandic poet . His life is described in Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu , where several of his poems are preserved .   Gunnlaugr was born ca. 983 . From an early age he proved himself impetuous , audacious , brave , and tough . He was also a skilled author of mostly derogatory poems , which earned him the cognomen ormstunga , `` serpent 's tongue '' . After a quarrel with his father , Illugi , Gunnlaugr left his home at the age of twelve to stay for some time at Borg with Þorsteinn Egilsson , the son of Egill Skallagrímsson . There , he became acquainted with Þorsteinn 's daughter , Helga the fair , reputedly the most beautiful woman in Iceland . Her hair was so ample that she could hide herself in it .   When Gunnlaugr was eighteen , he went abroad . At that time , Helga became his fiancée , on the condition that she would wait no more than three years for Gunnlaugr . He visited the courts of Norway , Ireland , Orkney and Sweden and England . In Sweden , he visited the court of King Óláfr Skötkonung where he met his rival , the Icelandic champion and skald , Hrafn Önundarson .   Gunnlaugr 's stay in the service of King Æthelred of England delayed his return to Iceland and Helga . He did not return until four years had passed ( ca. 1005 ) . Since Gunnlaugr had been gone longer than his allotted three years , Helga was forced into an unhappy marriage to Gunnlaugr 's rival , Hrafn Önundarson . Gunnlaugr and Hrafn met at the Althing and Gunnlaugr challenged Hrafn to a duel of honour , a holmgang ( hólmganga ) . The duel ended in a draw and was the last one allowed in Iceland . From that time hólmganga were forbidden by Icelandic law .   In order to settle their dispute in blood , the two champions met in Norway in the spring of 1008 . There , Gunnlaugr defeated Hrafn , but was fatally wounded . After a short time he died . He was 25 . Helga later remarried , but never recovered from Gunnlaugr 's death . Her greatest pleasure was to rest her eyes on a sumptuous coat that Gunnlaugr had given her . One evening , she rested her head on her husband 's shoulder , spread the coat in front of her , and watched it for a while . Thereafter , she fell back into her husband 's embrace and was dead .

neg: Naglfari In Norse mythology , Naglfari is the father of Auðr by the personified night , Nótt . Naglfar is attested in a single mention in the Prose Edda ( written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ) book Gylfaginning , where he is described as one of a series of three husbands of Nótt , and that the couple produced a son , Auðr . No additional information is provided about Naglfari .   Rudolf Simek theorizes that Snorri invented Naglfari but states that his reason for doing so is unknown .

neg: Pallas (Titan) In Greek mythology , Pallas ( -LSB- / ˈpæl əs / -RSB- Πάλλας ) was one of the Titans . According to Hesiod , he was the son of Crius and Eurybia , the brother of Astraeus and Perses , the husband of Styx , and the father of Zelus ( `` Zeal '' or `` Emulation '' ) , Nike ( `` Victory '' ) , Kratos ( `` Strength '' or `` Power '' ) , and Bia ( `` Might '' or `` Force '' ) . Hyginus says that Pallas , whom he calls `` the giant '' , also fathered with Styx : Scylla , Fontes ( `` Fountains '' ) and Lacus ( `` Lakes '' ) . Pallas was sometimes regarded as the Titan god of warcraft and of the springtime campaign season .   The Homeric Hymn to Hermes makes the moon goddess Selene ( usually the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia ) , the daughter of a Pallas , son of ( otherwise unknown ) Megamedes , which is possibly the same as this Pallas . Ovid uses the patronymic `` Pallantias '' or `` Pallantis '' as another name for Aurora , the Roman equivalent of the Greek Eos ( `` Dawn '' ) , who was the sister of Selene ; Ovid apparently regarding Aurora ( or Eos ) as the daughter of ( or otherwise related to ) Pallas .   The Suda in discussing Athena 's epithet `` Pallas '' suggests a possible derivation `` from brandishing ( pallein ) the spear '' . The geographer Pausanias reports that Pellene , a city in Achaea , was claimed by its inhabitants to be named after Pallas , while the Argives claimed it was named for the Argive Pellen .

neg: Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century .   The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again .   On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain .   Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated .   One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .

neg: Giants (Greek mythology) In Greek mythology , the Giants , also called Gigantes ( jye-GAHN-tees or gee-GAHN-tees ; Γίγαντες , Gigantes , singular Γίγας , Gigas ) were a race of great strength and aggression , though not necessarily of great size , known for the Gigantomachy ( Gigantomachia ) , their battle with the Olympian gods . According to Hesiod , the Giants were the offspring of Gaia ( Earth ) , born from the blood that fell when Uranus ( Sky ) was castrated by his Titan son Cronus .   Archaic and Classical representations show Gigantes as man-sized hoplites ( heavily armed ancient Greek foot soldiers ) fully human in form . Later representations ( after c. 380 BC ) show Gigantes with snakes for legs . In later traditions , the Giants were often confused with other opponents of the Olympians , particularly the Titans , an earlier generation of large and powerful children of Gaia and Uranus .   The vanquished Giants were said to be buried under volcanoes and to be the cause of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes .

neg: Angantyr Angantyr is also the Swedish name of Ongentheow .   Angantyr was the name of three male characters from the same line in Norse mythology , and who appear in Hervarar saga , Gesta Danorum , and Faroese ballads .   The last generation named Angantyr also appears to be mentioned as Incgentheow in Widsith , line 115 , together with his father Heiðrekr ( Heathoric ) , half-brother Hlöð ( Hlith ) and Hlöð 's mother Sifka ( Sifeca ) .

neg: Vanlandi Vanlandi or Vanlande ( Old Norse `` Man from the Land of the Vanir '' ) was a Swedish king at Uppsala of the House of Yngling in Norse mythology . He was the son of Sveigðir whom he succeeded as king . He married a girl from Finnland , but forgot about her . In revenge , the girl arranged so that Vanlandi was hag ridden to death . He was succeeded by his son Visbur .

neg: Mundilfari In Norse mythology Mundilfari ( Old Norse , possibly `` the one moving according to particular times '' ) is the father of Sól , goddess associated with the Sun , and Máni , associated with the Moon . Mundilfari is attested in the Poetic Edda poem Vafþrúðnismál stanza 23 , and in chapter 11 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning .

neg: Nafanua Nafanua is a famous Samoan Warrior Princess and a legend in Polynesian mythology .   According to Samoan mythology , Nafanua was the daughter of Saveasi'uleo , the Ali'i of Pulotu . In one legend , Nafanua 's mother was Tilafaiga the sister of Taema .

neg: Gerðr In Norse mythology , Gerðr ( Old Norse `` fenced-in '' ) is a jötunn , goddess , and the wife of the god Freyr . Gerðr is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; and in the poetry of skalds . Gerðr is sometimes modernly anglicized as Gerd or Gerth .   In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , Freyr sees Gerðr from a distance , becomes deeply lovesick at the sight of her shimmering beauty , and has his servant Skírnir go to Jötunheimr ( where Gerðr and her father Gymir reside ) to gain her love . In the Poetic Edda Gerðr initially refuses , yet after a series of threats by Skírnir she finally agrees . In the Prose Edda , no mention of threats are made . In both sources , Gerðr agrees to meet Freyr at a fixed time at the location of Barri and , after Skírnir returns with Gerðr 's response , Freyr laments that the meeting could not occur sooner . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , Gerðr is described as the daughter of Gymir and the jötunn Aurboða .   In Heimskringla , Gerðr is recorded as the wife of Freyr , euhemerized as having been a beloved king of Sweden . In the same source , the couple are the founders of the Yngling dynasty and produced a son , Fjölnir , who rose to kinghood after Freyr 's passing and continued their line . Gerðr is commonly theorized to be a goddess associated with the earth . Gerðr inspired works of art and literature .

neg: Urðr Urðr ( Old Norse `` fate '' ) is one of the Norns in Norse mythology . Along with Verðandi ( possibly `` happening '' or `` present '' ) and Skuld ( possibly `` debt '' or `` future '' ) , Urðr makes up a trio of Norns that are described as deciding the fates of people . Urðr is attested in stanza 20 of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá and the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning .   Urðr is together with the Norns located at the well Urðarbrunnr beneath the world ash tree Yggdrasil of Asgard . They spin threads of life , cut marks in the pole figures and measure people 's destinies , which shows the fate of all human beings and gods . Norns are always present when a child is born and decide its fate . The three Norns represent the past ( Urðr ) , future ( Skuld ) and present ( Verðandi ) .   Urðr is commonly written as Urd or Urth . In some English translations , her name is glossed with the Old English form of urðr ; Wyrd .

neg: Odin from Lejre Odin from Lejre is a small cast silver figurine from approximately 900 C.E. , depicting an individual on a throne wearing a floor-length dress , an apron , four bead necklaces , a neck ring , a cloak and a rim-less hat . Two birds are seated on the armrests and the back of the throne features the heads of two animals . The figurine has inlay of black niello ( black coloured alloy ) and some gilding . The figure measures 18 mm in height and weights 9 grams . The figurine was found by local amateur archaeologist Tommy Olesen on September 2 , 2009 , during the Roskilde Museum excavations of a small village at Gammel Lejre ( `` Old Lejre '' ) near the modern town of Lejre , Denmark . The figurine was unveiled at the Roskilde Museum on November 13 , 2009 , and is now part of the permanent exhibition .   The identity of the figure depicted has been the subject of some dispute . The excavator interpreted it as the god Odin sitting on his throne Hliðskjálf , from which he sees into all the worlds . The birds would be the ravens Huginn and Muninn , who gathered information for Odin . The beast-heads might symbolise Odin 's two wolves , Geri and Freki . However , some scholars specialising in Viking Age dress and gender representation have pointed out that the person is dressed entirely in female attire , resulting in theories that the figure may in fact represent either the goddesses Frigg or Freyja . Parallels have been pointed to between `` Odin from Lejre '' and a silver figure often identified as Freyja found in Aska , Sweden .

neg: Wayland the Smith In Norse mythology , Wayland the Smith ( Wēland ; Wiolant Wēlandaz variously Galan and Galand in French ; from * Wēla-nandaz , lit . `` battle-brave '' ) is a legendary master blacksmith , described by Jessie Weston as `` the weird and malicious craftsman , Weyland '' . In Old Norse sources , Völundr appears in Völundarkviða , a poem in the Poetic Edda , and in Þiðrekssaga , and his legend is also depicted on Ardre image stone VIII . In Old English sources , he appears in Deor , Waldere and in Beowulf and the legend is depicted on the Franks Casket . He is mentioned in the German poems about Theoderic the Great as the Father of Witige .

neg: Thor In Norse mythology , Thor ( -LSB- θɔr -RSB- from Old Norse Þórr ) is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder , lightning , storms , oak trees , strength , the protection of mankind , and also hallowing and fertility . The cognate deity in wider Germanic mythology and paganism was known in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar ( runic þonar ) , stemming from a Common Germanic * Þunraz ( meaning `` thunder '' ) .   Ultimately stemming from Proto-Indo-European religion , Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania , to the tribal expansions of the Migration Period , to his high popularity during the Viking Age , when , in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia , emblems of his hammer , Mjölnir , were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity .   Into the modern period , Thor continued to be acknowledged in rural folklore throughout Germanic regions . Thor is frequently referred to in place names , the day of the week Thursday ( `` Thor 's day '' from Old English Thunresdæg , ` Thunor 's day ' ) bears his name , and names stemming from the pagan period containing his own continue to be used today .   In Norse mythology , largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia , numerous tales and information about Thor are provided . In these sources , Thor bears at least fourteen names , is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif , is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa , and is generally described as fierce eyed , red haired and red bearded . With Sif , Thor fathered the goddess ( and possible valkyrie ) Þrúðr ; with Járnsaxa , he fathered Magni ; with a mother whose name is not recorded , he fathered Móði , and he is the stepfather of the god Ullr . The same sources list Thor as the son of the god Odin and the personified earth , Jörð , and by way of Odin , Thor has numerous brothers . Thor has two servants , Þjálfi and Röskva , rides in a cart or chariot pulled by two goats , Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr ( that he eats and resurrects ) , and is ascribed three dwellings ( Bilskirnir , Þrúðheimr , and Þrúðvangr ) . Thor wields the mountain-crushing hammer , Mjölnir , wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr , and owns the staff Gríðarvölr . Thor 's exploits , including his relentless slaughter of his foes and fierce battles with the monstrous serpent Jörmungandr -- and their foretold mutual deaths during the events of Ragnarök -- are recorded throughout sources for Norse mythology .   Thor has inspired numerous works of art and references to Thor appear in modern popular culture . Like other Germanic deities , veneration of Thor is revived in the modern period in Heathenry .

neg: Thorstein Eiriksson Thorstein Eiriksson ( Þórsteinn Eiríksson ) was the third and youngest son of Erik the Red .   Almost nothing is known about Thorstein 's life . According to the Vinland Sagas , Erik the Red settled in Greenland around 986 with his wife and three grown sons , Leif , Thorvald and Thorstein .   After Leif had sailed west from Greenland and discovered Vinland , Thorvald organized and led a second expedition to this new country . The natives , called Skraelings by the Norse , attacked Thorvald and his men . Thorvald received a fatal wound and was buried in Vinland . His crew returned to Greenland .   Thorstein subsequently set sail for Vinland to retrieve his brother 's body , along with his wife Gudrid . The ship was beset by bad weather and never reached Vinland . By the first week of winter they had returned to Greenland and landed at Lysufiord in the Western Settlement where they sought shelter with the families living there .   That winter an epidemic swept the settlement killing Thorstein and several others .

neg: Háttatal The Háttatal ( -LSB- ˈhauʰtaˌtʰaːl -RSB- , conversation of meters ; c. 20,000 words ) is the last section of the Prose Edda composed by the Icelandic poet , politician , and historian Snorri Sturluson . Using , for the most part , his own compositions , it exemplifies the types of verse forms used in Old Norse poetry . Snorri took a prescriptive as well as descriptive approach ; he has systematized the material , and often notes that `` the older poets did not always '' follow his rules .   Most of the forms depend on number of syllables per line , as well as assonance , consonance , and alliteration . Although end rhyme is represented , it does not function in the ways most modern English speakers expect ( forms include AAAAAAAA , and AAAABBBB ) , and plays a very minor role . Understanding this work will be much easier if the First Grammatical Treatise is also available to hand .   Many scholars have suggested that the form of Háttatal suggests a classical influence deriving from the traditions of Christian learning to which Snorri was doubtlessly exposed . Others have argued that this is a result of using a logical approach , within the framework of a dialog , and that some aspects of the work prove that it was not directly influenced by classical writings .

neg: King Lot Lot or Loth -LSB- ˈlɒt -RSB- is the king of Lothian in the Arthurian legend . He is best known as the father of Sir Gawain . Such a ruler first appeared late in the 1st millennium 's hagiographical material concerning Saint Kentigern ( also known as Saint Mungo ) , which feature a Leudonus , king of Leudonia , a Latin name for Lothian . In the 12th century , Geoffrey of Monmouth adapted this to Lot , king of Lothian , in his influential chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae , portraying him as King Arthur 's brother-in-law and ally . In the wake of Geoffrey 's writings , Lot appeared regularly in later romance .   Lot chiefly figures as king of Lothian , but in other sources he also rules Orkney and sometimes Norway . He is generally depicted as the husband of Arthur 's sister or half-sister , variously named Anna or Morgause . The names and number of his children vary depending on the source , but the later romance tradition gives him the sons Gawain , Agravain , Gaheris , Gareth , and Mordred .

neg: Helgadóttir Helgadóttir is an Icelandic patronymic , literally meaning `` daughter of Helgi '' . Notable people with the name include :   Ásthildur Helgadóttir ( born 1976 ) , Icelandic footballer  Gerður Helgadóttir ( 1928 -- 1975 ) , Icelandic sculptor and artist  Guðrún Helgadóttir ( born 1935 ) , Icelandic writer  Guðrún P. Helgadóttir ( 1922 -- 2005 ) , Icelandic writer , poet , scholar and educator  Ragnhildur Helgadóttir ( born 1930 ) , Icelandic politician  Þóra Björg Helgadóttir ( born 1981 ) , Icelandic footballer   Category : Icelandic-language surnames

neg: Svipul In Norse mythology , Svipul ( Old Norse `` changeable '' ) is a valkyrie . Svipul is attested among valkyrie list in the poem Darraðarljóð and the longer of the two Nafnaþulur valkyrie lists in the Poetic Edda book Skáldskaparmál . In addition , the name Svipul appears as a synonym for `` battle '' in Skáldskaparmál . Rudolf Simek theorizes that the name Svipul presumably refers to the changeable nature of fate , whose directors the valkyries are represented as being , especially in Darraðarljóð .


query: Selena Gomez was in Wizards of Waverly Place.

pos: Selena Gomez Selena Marie Gomez ( -LSB- səˈliːnə_məˈɹiː_ˈɡoʊmɛz -RSB- ; -LSB- seˈlena ˈɣomes -RSB- ; born July 22 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer . Having appeared in the children 's television series Barney & Friends while growing up , she rose to fame playing the role of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place ( 2007 -- 2012 ) .   In 2008 , she signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records and formed her band Selena Gomez & the Scene . The band released three studio albums and produced four top 30 singles by 2011 . Gomez also formed her own production company in 2008 , July Moon Productions ; she serves as an executive producer on the Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why , which released in March 2017 .   Between 2009 and 2011 , Gomez starred in films such as Princess Protection Program , Ramona and Beezus , and Monte Carlo , and took on a more mature role in Spring Breakers ( 2013 ) . Gomez also took her singing career in a different direction , with the release of her first solo album Stars Dance ( 2013 ) ; the album debuted atop the Billboard 200 in the United States and included the top ten single `` Come & Get It . '' Gomez released a compilation album in 2014 as her fifth and final release through Hollywood Records , which was preceded by her second top ten single `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' , and signed a new recording contract with Interscope Records .   In 2015 , she released her second solo album , Revival , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , while the first three singles , `` Good for You , '' `` Same Old Love , '' and `` Hands to Myself , '' all topped the Mainstream Top 40 chart in the United States . Gomez has also starred in the films The Fundamentals of Caring ( 2016 ) , In Dubious Battle ( 2016 ) , and in the Hotel Transylvania films .   Since the start of her singing career , she has gone on to sell over 7 million albums and 22 million singles worldwide , according to Billboard . Gomez has earned a number of awards and nominations for her work as an actress and singer , and has won a Billboard Women in Music award , an MTV Video Music Award , an American Music Award , and fifteen Teen Choice Awards . As of November 2016 , Gomez is the most-followed Instagram user in the world .

neg: Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network .   The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous .   Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show .   The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 .   In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . ''   In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title .   In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .

neg: Wizard Wars Wizard Wars is a reality competition show in which teams of magicians create and perform original magic routines before a live studio audience . Their acts are judged on creativity , deception , and showmanship . Vegas headliners Penn & Teller head up the judging panel , alongside magic critic Christen Gerhart and World Champion of Magic Jason Latimer . Wizard Wars also features four `` home team '' magicians -- the `` Wizards '' -- who return every week to take on new teams of `` challengers . '' Wizards include street magician Justin Flom , stage illusionist David Shimshi , mentalist Angela Funovits , and con man Gregory Wilson . The series premiered August 19 , 2014   Wizard Wars was created in 2012 by Vegas-based magic consultant Rick Lax and street magician Justin Flom . Flom filmed the original Wizard Wars pilot in Lax 's apartment , on a $ 15 budget . The competing magicians created routines with placemats , beach balls , colored erasers and fake oranges . Flom 's YouTube video , featured on Wired.com and BoingBoing.com , caught the eye of production company A. Smith & Co. , who worked with Lax and Flom to sell the show to the Syfy network . Flom now stars in the show as a `` Wizard '' ; Lax works behind the scene as a producer and magic consultant .   Notable magicians appearing on Wizard Wars include Las Vegas headliners Murray SawChuck , Tommy Wind , Nathan Burton , Greg Dow , America 's Got Talent 's Leon Etienne ( Season 8 ) , and Naathan Phan .   Over a million people watched the Wizard Wars series premiere . The episode highlighted Canadian illusionists Chris Funk and Ekaterina , who ended up losing the `` Wizard War '' to `` Wizards '' Gregory Wilson and Justin Flom .   Speaking on behalf of Flom and himself , Lax said this of the Internet-to-series premier journey : `` The most unlikely part of the YouTube-video-to-Syfy-show transition was that the original Wizard Wars vision stayed in shape ... Everyone told me , ` Hollywood is going to tear your idea apart , ' but that did n't happen . Only thing that happened was the magic got bigger and better . ''   Wizard Wars maintained `` very solid ratings '' and was renewed for another six episodes . In these six episodes ( `` Season 1.5 '' ) former Challenger Billy Kidd joins the cast as a full-fledged Wizard .

neg: Disneymania 5 Disneymania 5 is the 5th installment in the Disneymania series . It was released on March 27 , 2007 . The album features 4 of the stars from High School Musical : Vanessa Hudgens , Lucas Grabeel , Ashley Tisdale , Corbin Bleu and from High School Musical : The Concert , Drew Seeley among others . The album features other Disney-related stars as well . The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at 14 with a sales of 44,000 units , the highest debut for a Disneymania album to date . It has , since then , sold 293,000 + units .

neg: Selena Roberts Selena Roberts ( born May 16 , 1966 in Live Oak , Florida ) is an American best-selling author , sportswriter , and digital entrepreneur . Previously , she was a senior writer for Sports Illustrated and a columnist for The New York Times . Roberts began her career as a beat writer for the Minnesota Vikings at the Minneapolis Star Tribune and for the Orlando Magic and Tampa Bay Buccaneers at the Orlando Sentinel . She received a B.A. degree in journalism from Auburn University in 1988 where she was a sports editor for the university paper The Plainsman . She also made frequent appearances on the ESPN talk show The Sports Reporters . In a February 7 , 2009 article on SI.com that quickly made the cover of Sports Illustrated , Roberts revealed that Yankees third baseman Alex Rodriguez tested positive for steroids in 2003 .

neg: Antonio Gómez Medina Antonio Gómez Medina ( born September 11 , 1970 ) is a Mexican professional wrestler , or Luchador as they are called in Spanish , and professional wrestling trainer based out of Arena Coliseo Guadalajara in Guadalajara . Gómez is best known under the ring name Máscara Mágica ; he is the second person to use the `` Máscara Mágica '' name , taking it over after Eddie Guerrero abandoned the name in the early 1990s . As Máscara Mágica , he was part of the Los Nuevo Infernales group ; as part of a Los Nuevo Inferales vs. Los Infernales storyline , and lost his mask as a result of a Luchas de Apuestas match loss to Los Infernales leader El Satánico . In recent years Gómez has focused more on his training position at Arena Coliseo Guadalajara , where he also works as a booker and part-time wrestler .

neg: Blanca Soto Blanca Soto ( born Blanca Delfina Soto Benavides on January 5 , 1979 ) is a Mexican actress , model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Nuestra Belleza Mundo México 1997 .

neg: Twitches Too Twitches Too is a 2007 Disney Channel Original Movie . It is the sequel to the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches , released in 2005 . The film began production in late April 2007 and was released on October 12 . It aired during Disney Channel 's Halloween Month . The Disney Channel Original Series , Wizards of Waverly Place , premiered following the film 's premiere . The first trailer was released during the premiere of High School Musical 2 . On its premiere night , the movie brought in 6.96 million viewers . To date , it is the last sequel to a Disney Channel Original Movie that is not a musical .

neg: Selena Gomez & the Scene: Live in Concert The Selena Gomez & the Scene : Live in Concert was the debut concert tour by American pop band Selena Gomez & the Scene . Beginning in the fall of 2009 , the trek supported the band 's first studio album , Kiss & Tell . The tour primarily reached the United States and England .

neg: Mageina Tovah Mageina Tovah ( born July 26 , 1979 ) is an American actress . She is best known for her roles as Glynis Figliola in the television series Joan of Arcadia ( 2003 -- 2005 ) and as Ursula Ditkovich in Sam Raimi 's Spider-Man trilogy .

neg: Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults .   Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's ,  Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience .   During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .

neg: So You Want to Be a Wizard So You Want To Be a Wizard is the first book in the Young Wizards series currently consisting of eleven books by Diane Duane . It was written in 1982 and published in the next year . In 2012 a revised `` New Millennium Edition '' was published . The plot follows Nita Callahan , a thirteen-year-old girl who discovers a book titled So You Want to Be a Wizard while hiding from bullies in a library . She brings the book home with her and discovers that it is about the art of wizardry . She does not completely trust the book 's claim that she can become a wizard if she takes the Wizard Oath , but she takes it nonetheless . The next day when she is out trying to do her first spell she meets Kit Rodriguez , another wizard . After they successfully complete a spell together , Nita 's doubts are gone : she is a wizard .

neg: Alejandro Durán Alejandro Durán ( born as Alejandro Durán Fernández in San Luis Potosí , Mexico ) , is a Mexican television actor .

neg: 2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 .  Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show .   One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .

neg: Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution .   The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score .   The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .

neg: ¡Viva Hollywood! ¡ Viva Hollywood ! is a VH1 reality television program . Twelve Latino actors and Latina actresses compete for the role of `` America 's Numero Uno Telenovela Star '' . The winner will also receive a contract with Telemundo , the biggest telenovela production company in the United States .

neg: Bridgit Mendler Bridgit Claire Mendler ( born December 18 , 1992 ) is an American actress , singer , and songwriter . Mendler has a degree in Anthropology from the University of Southern California . In 2004 , she began her career in the animated Indian film The Legend of Buddha . As a teenager , she starred in the films Alice Upside Down , The Clique , and Labor Pains . In 2009 , she signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on Wizards of Waverly Place . Following the positive reception to her character , she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series Good Luck Charlie , which ran from April 2010 to February 2014 . In 2011 , she appeared in Good Luck Charlie , It 's Christmas , the film based on the series .   Mendler starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Lemonade Mouth , in which her character Olivia performs numerous songs . Two singles were released from the soundtrack featuring her vocals , with both charting on the US Billboard Hot 100 . In 2012 , Mendler released her debut album Hello My Name Is ... , which featured a pop sound . It debuted at number 30 on the US Billboard 200 , and has sold over 200,000 copies . Her debut single off the album , `` Ready or Not '' , became an international Top 40 hit . The song was certified gold in Norway ; platinum in New Zealand , the United States , and Canada ; and peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was announced that her second single would be `` Hurricane '' . The video premiered on April 12 , 2013 and was shot in London . `` Hurricane '' has been certified gold in the United States .   Mendler has links with several philanthropic projects and humanitarian causes . In 2010 , she became ambassador to First Book , a campaign to encourage reading and gives books to children in need . In July 2012 , she became ambassador of the campaign Give With Target with Target Corporation to raise funds to reform schools in the United States . She was featured in a March 2013 public campaign called Delete Digital Drama with the Seventeen magazine to end cyberbullying . In May 2013 , she traveled to the United Kingdom to raise funds for the BBC 's Comic Relief telethon , with others being given the aim of making her laugh with their jokes for a # 1 donation . The campaign aimed to raise # 100,000 and give families in poverty hope . In March 2014 , Mendler traveled to El Quiché to participate in the other project of Save the Children that helps underprivileged children in developing countries . She also represented the institution during the charity congress Save the Children 's annual Advocacy Summit in Washington , D.C.

neg: 2011 MuchMusic Video Awards The 2011 MuchMusic Video Awards was held in Toronto , Ontario , Canada at MuchMusic 's headquarters on June 19 , 2011 . The awards were aired on MuchMusic , CP24 , E! , MuchHD and Fuse . Along with the MuchMusic VJ 's , it was confirmed on the MuchMusic website that Selena Gomez will host the show . Lady Gaga and Justin Bieber tied for the most awards won with 2 each .

neg: Valente Rodriguez Valente Rodriguez ( born February 4 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Ernie Cardenas on the sitcom George Lopez . He also starred as Cesar in the TV Land sitcom Happily Divorced .

neg: Constance Marie Constance Marie Lopez ( born September 9 , 1965 ) is an American actress , known professionally as Constance Marie . She is known for her role as Angie Lopez on George Lopez ( 2002 -- 2007 ) and her role as Marcela Quintanilla ( mother of Selena ) in the 1997 film Selena . She portrayed Regina Vasquez on the ABC Family/Freeform drama Switched at Birth ( 2011 -- 2017 ) .

neg: Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods Legally Blonde : The Musical -- The Search for Elle Woods is an MTV program created in order to cast an actress to replace Laura Bell Bundy in the role of Elle Woods in the Broadway production of Legally Blonde : The Musical . The show debuted on June 2 , 2008 .   The winner of the show , Bailey Hanks , in addition to being cast in the role , was given the opportunity to record her own single of the musical 's first-act closer , `` So Much Better '' . The show concluded on July 21 , 2008 . Autumn Hurlbert was the runner up . She served as Hanks ' understudy and performed in the ensemble of the show ( replacing Becky Gulsvig who left to join the tour ) . Bundy 's last performance in the musical was on July 20 , 2008 . Hanks began performances on July 23 , 2008 and remained with the show until it closed on October 19 , 2008 .   Two other show finalists -- Rhiannon Hansen and Lauren Zakrin , performed in the `` Legally Blonde '' national tour . Hansen played Margot in the musical and Zakrin performed in the ensemble as well serving as understudy to Becky Gulsvig as Elle Woods .   The show began with 15 contestants . All except the winner were eliminated over nine episodes , in which they performed songs and faced other challenges . A three-judge panel made the elimination decisions . Most episodes involved a small prize for the winner of the challenge .