query: Tom Brady played football.

pos: Tom Brady Thomas Edward Patrick Brady Jr. ( born August 3 , 1977 ) is an American football quarterback for the New England Patriots of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He is one of only two players to win five Super Bowls ( the other being Charles Haley ) , the only quarterback to win five and the only player to win them all playing for one team .   After playing college football for the University of Michigan , Brady was drafted by the Patriots in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft . In Brady 's 15 seasons as a starter , he has quarterbacked the Patriots to seven Super Bowl appearances , the most for any player in history .   Brady has been honored with four Super Bowl MVP awards ( Super Bowl XXXVI , XXXVIII , XLIX , and LI ) , the most ever by a single player , has won two league MVP awards ( 2007 and 2010 ) , has been selected to 12 Pro Bowls , and has led his team to more division titles ( 14 ) than any other quarterback in NFL history . As of the end of the 2016 season , Brady is fourth all-time in career passing yards , fourth in career touchdown passes , and third in career passer rating . His career postseason record is 25 -- 9 , winning more playoff games than any other quarterback , and he has appeared in more playoff games than any player at any position . Brady has never had a losing season as a starting quarterback in the NFL . His 208 combined regular-season and postseason wins are also the most of any quarterback in NFL history .  Because of his accomplishments and accolades , many analysts and sportswriters consider Brady to be among the greatest quarterbacks of all time . Due to his late draft selection , Brady is considered to be the biggest `` steal '' in the history of the NFL Draft .   For his alleged involvement in the highly publicized Deflategate football tampering scandal , Brady was suspended for the first four games of the 2016 NFL season . Subsequently , Brady went on to win Super Bowl LI and Super Bowl MVP .   Brady has been married to Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bündchen since 2009 .

neg: AFL and NFL era competitive college drafts During the first seven years of existence ( 1960 -- 1966 ) of the American Football League ( AFL , 1960 -- 1969 ) , the AFL and the NFL held separate , competing drafts for college football talent .   These drafts were conducted differently in each league , with the AFL , as a new league , starting its existence with the 1960 AFL draft that was actually held in December , 1959 and had 33 rounds . Each AFL team had `` territorial rights '' to players from its general region for a `` bonus '' draft selection , so that teams could sign players who were known to their fans . These were not `` picked '' as such , but agreed on by consensus . The 1960 AFL draft proceeded with teams selecting by lot and player position , e.g. , each team selected quarterbacks from the available list , then running backs , etc. . These were not listed in order of selection , but alphabetically in two groups called `` First Selections '' and `` Second Selections '' by each team . Minneapolis-Saint Paul was originally included in the AFL draft on November 22 , 1959 . When the Minneapolis-Saint Paul owners reneged on their agreement to join the AFL and jumped to the NFL , some of the remaining AFL teams signed several players from the deserters ' draft list . To compensate for this , after the Oakland Raiders ' AFL franchise was granted , an allocation draft was held , to permit the Raiders to stock their team with players from the other seven AFL teams .   The established NFL held drafts more similar to the present day , in which the team with the worst record from the previous year selected first , and the reigning league champion selected last . Starting in 1961 , the AFL also followed this procedure .   Because of the competition between the leagues , unlike today 's drafts , they were held soon after the end of the football season in each league , often before the college bowls were over . Many players , such as LSU 's Billy Cannon signed pro contracts `` under the goalposts '' at bowl games ; and in the College East-West Game and other all-star college bowls , many players wore the helmets of the professional team that they had signed with .   The AFL was at a disadvantage in name-recognition with the established NFL , but contrary to common belief , during this period , its franchises signed a significant number of stars away from the older league . These included Cannon , as well as eventual Hall of Famers Lance Alworth , Buck Buchanan , Jim Otto , Billy Shaw , and Nick Buoniconti , and such standouts as Matt Snell , Tom Sestak , Charley Hennigan , Abner Haynes , Johnny Robinson and many others .   Category : American Football League draft  Category : National Football League Draft

neg: American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins .   American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football .   American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .

neg: Tom Hamilton (American football) Thomas James `` Tom '' Hamilton ( December 26 , 1905 -- April 3 , 1994 ) was an American football player , coach , college athletics administrator , and naval aviator who rose to the rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy . He served as the head football coach at the United States Naval Academy from 1934 to 1936 and again from 1946 to 1947 and at the University of Pittsburgh in 1951 and 1954 , compiling a career college football record of 28 -- 32 -- 1 . Hamilton was also the athletic director at the Naval Academy from 1948 to 1948 and at Pittsburgh from 1949 to 1959 . From 1959 to 1971 , he was the commissioner of the Athletic Association of Western Universities , renamed the Pacific-8 Conference in 1968 and now known as the Pac-12 Conference . Hamilton was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1965 .

neg: Thomas Ryan (American football) Thomas Francis `` Tom '' Ryan was a college football player .

neg: Kerry Brady Kerry Patrick Brady ( born August 27 , 1963 ) is a former American football placekicker in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys , Indianapolis Colts , and the Buffalo Bills . He played college football at the University of Hawaii . He retired from football after 3 years and took a job in the medical field . He has two children and currently lives in California .   Category :1963 births  Category : Living people  Category : Sportspeople from Vancouver , Washington  Category : American football placekickers  Category : Dallas Cowboys players  Category : Indianapolis Colts players  Category : Buffalo Bills players

neg: 1978 NFL season The 1978 NFL season was the 59th regular season of the National Football League . The league expanded the regular season from a 14-game schedule to 16 . Furthermore , the playoff format was expanded from 8 teams to 10 teams by adding another wild card from each conference . The wild card teams played each other , with the winner advancing to the playoff round of eight teams .   The season ended with Super Bowl XIII when the Pittsburgh Steelers defeated the Dallas Cowboys at the Orange Bowl in Miami .   The average salary for a player in 1978 was under $ 62,600 , up 13.2 percent over the previous year . Fran Tarkenton was the highest-paid quarterback at $ 360,000 and running back O. J. Simpson was the highest paid player , at just under $ 733,400 .

neg: Tom Skladany Thomas Edward Skladany ( born June 29 , 1955 ) was an American football punter who is widely considered to be , along with Ray Guy , one of the two greatest punters in college football history . Skladany later played in the NFL from 1978-1983 . Skladany , the only 3-time first team All American punter in college history , made Big 10 history in 1972 when he became the first specialty player given a football scholarship in Big 10 football history . Skladany was considered by Street & Smith 's and Parade to be the consenus number one high school kicker/punter in America in 1972 . Skladany turned down scholarship offers from Michigan , Penn State and hometown Pittsburgh to sign with Woody Hayes and Ohio State . Skladany was a three-time All-American at The Ohio State University -- ( 1974 , 1975 , 1976 ) .   Skladany , the Cleveland Browns # 2 pick in 1977 , made professional sports history when he held out the entire season in a contract dispute , becoming the first-ever NFL draft pick to hold out a full season . His rights were traded to the Detroit Lions after the 1977 season . Skladany was named first team All-Pro after the 1978 and 1981 seasons with Detroit , leading the NFL in punting average both years . He was selected to the Pro Bowl after the 1981 season . A back injury ended Skladany 's career prematurely in 1983 while punting for the Philadelphia Eagles .   Skladany comes from a football family of note . Tom 's uncle Leo Skladany blocked an attempted field goal as time expired in the 1949 NFL championship game to propel the Philadelphia Eagles to the 1949 NFL title over the Los Angeles Rams . Another uncle , Joe `` Mugs '' Skladany is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame and played for the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1941 before enlisting in World War II . Tom 's father Ed Skladany turned down the Chicago Bears to sign with the Cincinnati Reds in 1945 . Tom 's brother Joe Skladany was an All-American linebacker at LaFayette University in 1981 , and played for Arizona Wranglers of the USFL in 1982 . After retiring from the NFL in 1983 , Tom opened an American Speedy Printing Center in suburban Columbus , Ohio , and raised 4 daughters , all of whom played Division I collegiate soccer . His daughter , Karly , married 'N Sync singer Chris Kirkpatrick in 2013 , and his youngest daughter , Camryn , has excelled both athletically and professionally . Camryn is currently a leading executive in the professional staffing and recruitment industry . Tom Skladany is a past President of the NFL Alumni Association of Ohio ( 1989-2013 ) .

neg: History of the New England Patriots The history of the New England Patriots began when Boston business executive William `` Billy '' Sullivan and Sullivan Brother Printers , owned by Joseph Sullivan , were awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League ( AFL ) on November 16 , 1959 . The following winter , locals submitted thousands of ideas for the Boston football team 's official name . On February 20 , 1960 , Sullivan chose `` Boston Patriots '' , which was suggested by 74 fans , among them Larry Kepnes . Immediately thereafter , artist Phil Bissell developed the `` Pat Patriot '' logo .   The Patriots ' time in the AFL saw them without a regular home stadium . Nickerson Field , Harvard Stadium , Fenway Park , and Alumni Stadium , all in or near Boston , served as home fields during their time in the American Football League . Early Patriots stars included defensive tackles Jim Lee `` Earthquake '' Hunt and Houston Antwine ; quarterback Vito `` Babe '' Parilli ; and flanker-placekicker Gino `` The Duke '' Cappelletti . Hunt , Parilli and Cappelletti played every year of the existence of the AFL , with Hunt and Cappelletti spending all ten years with the Patriots . Cappelletti was the all-time leading scorer in the AFL . Later the Patriots were joined by such stars as defensive end Larry Eisenhauer , fullback Jim Nance , and middle linebacker and future Hall of Famer Nick Buoniconti . Cappelletti and Nance were AFL Most Valuable Players , Cappelletti in 1964 and Nance in 1966 . Buoniconti and Antwine were later named to the American Football League All-Time Team .   The Boston Patriots defeated the Buffalo Bills in an AFL Eastern Division playoff game in 1963 , and played in the 1963 AFL championship game , losing to the San Diego Chargers 51 -- 10 . Although they would not appear again in an AFL or NFL post-season game for another 13 years , in the AFL , the Patriots often challenged the dominant Bills for the Eastern Division title .   When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970 , the Patriots were placed in the AFC East division , where they still play today . The following year , the Patriots moved to a new stadium in Foxborough , Massachusetts , a suburb of Boston , which would serve as their home for 30 years ; the team also changed their name to the New England Patriots to reflect the location change , as well as its following throughout the region as its only NFL team ( though both New York City teams have substantial followings in parts of Connecticut as well ) . During the 1970s , the Patriots had some success , earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976 -- as a wild card-berth -- and in 1978 -- as AFC East champions . They would lose both games . In 1985 , they returned to the playoffs , and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX , which they lost against the Chicago Bears 46 -- 10 . Following their Super Bowl loss , they returned to the playoffs in 1986 , but lost in the first round . The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years . They changed ownership several times in that period , being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988 , who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992 . Orthwein intended to move the team to his native St. Louis , Missouri , but sold the team two years later to current owner , local businessman Robert Kraft in 1994 .   Though Orthwein 's period as owner was short and controversial , he did oversee major changes to the team . Former New York Giants coach Bill Parcells was hired in 1993 , and the drastic changes were made the same year to the Patriots uniforms , changing their primary colors from their traditional red and white to blue and silver , and introducing a new logo . Parcells would bring the Patriots to two playoff appearances , including Super Bowl XXXI , which they lost to the Green Bay Packers by a score of 35 -- 21 . Pete Carroll , Parcells ' successor , would also take the team to the playoffs twice .   Bill Belichick , current head coach , was hired in 2000 , and a new home field , Gillette Stadium was opened in 2002 . Under Belichick , the team won three Super Bowls in four years , and finished the 2007 regular season with a perfect 16 -- 0 record , becoming only the fourth team in league history to go undefeated , and the only one since the league expanded its regular season schedule to 16 games ; however , they ended that season with an 18-1 record after their loss to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLII . The Patriots have made the playoffs in 12 of the 15 seasons that Belichick has been coach , missing them only in 2000 ( his first season ) , 2002 , and 2008 . They later faced the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX on February 1 , 2015 , and won by a score of 28-24 . The Patriots defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34-28 in Super Bowl LI at NRG Stadium .

neg: Tom Blake (American football) Thomas Clinton Blake ( born July 19 , 1927 ) is a former American football tackle who played for the New York Bulldogs . He played college football at the University of Cincinnati , having previously attended Middleton High School in Ohio . He was inducted into the University of Cincinnati Athletic Hall of Fame in 1998 .

neg: Tom Knight (American football) Tom Knight ( born December 29 , 1974 ) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League . He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the 1st round of the 1997 NFL Draft . He also played for the Baltimore Ravens .   Knight played at Cherokee High School in Marlton , New Jersey and was all-South Jersey . Tom Knight received a full scholarship from Iowa to play football in 1991 .

neg: 1869 college football season The 1869 college football season was the first season of intercollegiate football in the United States . While played using improvised rules resembling soccer and rugby as much as the modern American sport , it is traditionally considered the inaugural college football season . The 1869 season consisted of only two total games , both of which occurred between Rutgers University and Princeton University ; The first was played on November 6 at Rutgers ' campus , and the second was played on November 13 at Princeton 's campus . These games were comparable to soccer .   The first ever college football national championship awarded ( retroactively ) was split between the only two participants in 1869 , Rutgers and Princeton . Princeton was named the champion by the Billingsley Report and the National Championship Foundation , while college football research historian Parke H. Davis named the two teams co-champions . Various other ratings and retrospectives have rated the teams differently .   The two games were played with rules very different from what is currently understood as American football , and also played under home field rules that differed from each other . However , what developed into a more rugby-style play and eventually into the football known by current fans had its beginnings in 1874 , when McGill ( Montreal ) visited Harvard to play `` The Boston Game '' and British rugby .

neg: Pete Thomas (American football) Peter Alan Thomas ( born October 11 , 1991 ) is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Colorado State , NC State , and Louisiana -- Monroe . He has been a member of the Minnesota Havok of the Indoor Football League ( IFL ) , and the Los Angeles Kiss and Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League ( AFL ) .

neg: National Football League regular season The National Football League ( NFL ) regular season begins the weekend after Labor Day in early September and ends in December or early January . It consists of 256 games , where each team ( 32 total ) plays 16 games during a 17-week period . Since 2012 , the NFL schedule generally has games in one of five time slots during the week . A game played on Thursday night , kicking off at 8:25 PM ( ET ) . The majority of games are played on Sunday , most kicking off at 1:00 PM ( ET ) , some late afternoon games starting at 4:05 or 4:25 PM ( ET ) . Additionally , one Sunday night game is played every week at 8:30 PM ( ET ) . One Monday night game then starts at 8:30 PM ( ET ) every week with the exception of the first week of the regular season , in which two Monday night games are played back-to-back ( the second game always occurring on the West coast ) , as well as the last week of the season , in which no Monday night game is held . In addition to these regularly scheduled games , there are occasionally games at other times , such as a Saturday afternoon or evening , or the annual Thanksgiving Day games in which three games are played . During the final week of the regular season , all games are held on Sunday .   In place since 2006 , the current broadcasting contract establishes broadcast partners for each game . The Sunday afternoon games are broadcast either on CBS or Fox . CBS has the broadcast rights for teams in the American Football Conference while Fox has the rights for teams in the National Football Conference . In games where teams from both conferences play each other , the network with the broadcast rights for the `` away '' team will broadcast the game . In each local television market , three Sunday afternoon games are played . One of the two networks gets a doubleheader , while the other network has the right to broadcast a single game ; the networks alternate weeks when each has the right to the doubleheader . Doubleheader games are broadcast at 1:00 ( ET ) and 4:25 PM ( ET ) . The network with the single game will have an official kick-off time at either 1:00 PM ( ET ) or 4:05 PM ( ET ) . In addition to the regular Sunday afternoon games , there are three prime time games each week . The Thursday night game is broadcast by the NFL Network ( with , starting in 2016 , five of those Thursday games also being simulcast by CBS and another five on NBC ) . The Sunday night game is broadcast by NBC , while the Monday night game is broadcast by ESPN .   The NFL uses a strict scheduling algorithm to determine which teams play each other from year to year , based on the current division alignments and the final division standings from the previous season . The current formula has been in place since 2002 , the last year that the NFL expanded its membership . Generally , each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice , all four teams from a single division in the AFC once , all four teams from a single division in the NFC once , and two additional intraconference games based on the standings from the previous season .

neg: 1984 NFL season The 1984 NFL season was the 65th regular season of the National Football League . The Colts relocated from Baltimore , Maryland to Indianapolis , Indiana before the season . The Colts new home field was the Hoosier Dome . The New York Jets moved their home games from Shea Stadium in New York City to Giants Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey .   The season ended with Super Bowl XIX when the San Francisco 49ers defeated the Miami Dolphins 38-16 at Stanford Stadium in California . This was the first Super Bowl televised by ABC , who entered into the annual championship game rotation with CBS and NBC . This game marked the second shortest distance between the Super Bowl host stadium ( Stanford , California ) and a Super Bowl team ( San Francisco 49ers ) .   The 49ers became the first team in NFL history to win 15 games in a regular season and to win 18 in an entire season ( including the post-season ) . Additionally , two major offensive records were set this season , with quarterback Dan Marino establishing a new single-season passing yards record with 5,084 ( later broken by Drew Brees and Tom Brady in 2011 and by Peyton Manning in 2013 ) , and Eric Dickerson establishing a new single-season rushing yards record with 2,105 .   Also during the season , San Diego Chargers wide receiver Charlie Joiner became the all-time leader in career receptions ; he set that mark in a game between the Chargers and the Pittsburgh Steelers at Pittsburgh 's Three Rivers Stadium .   Salaries increased significantly over the past two seasons in the NFL , up nearly fifty percent ; quarterback Warren Moon led the list at $ 1.1 million .

neg: Bobby Leo Bobby Leo is a former professional American football player who played wide receiver , tailback , kick returner , and punt returner for two seasons for the Boston Patriots .  He was a prominent football figure at Harvard and Everett High School , both in Massachusetts .   Leo is the only Massachusetts High School football athlete to earn All-Scholastic honors for three years . He did so despite missing half his senior year to a separated shoulder early in the season against Arlington High School .   Leo attended Harvard College where he played football , baseball and ran track .   A Sports Illustrated college football feature in its 10/31/1966 issue praised Leo and included a photo and quotations from an interview with him after an important Harvard victory against Dartmouth . Leo earned All-Ivy honors , was named the top back in New England and was an honorable mention All-American . He is a member of the Harvard Hall of Fame .   Leo was drafted by the Boston Patriots in the first combined NFL/AFL draft in 1967 . He remains the earliest Harvard player drafted by the Patriots , taken as the Patriots ' 5th draft pick in the seventh round , and is still the only Harvard player to score a touchdown for the Patriots . After serving a stint in the military , Leo joined the team toward the end of the season in 1967 .   His first game was a memorable one . On national television against the Buffalo Bills , Leo was the primary kick and punt returner for the Patriots . He electrified the crowd at Fenway Park with one of the top 10 longest punt returns in the American Football League that season , a 42-yard sprint past the entire Bills coverage team , before slipping on the mud in Fenway 's baseball infield dirt , inside the ten yard line , while evading the Bills punter . His first professional reception was a 25-yard touchdown in the final moments of the game .   The following season , during the Patriots training camp at Phillips Academy in Andover , Massachusetts , Leo impressed the coaching staff with his speed as compared to the Patriots latest draft picks . The training camp issue of Pats Patter ( the Patriots official newsletter ) featured a photo of Leo exhibiting his heroics for the Patriots at Fenway Park in that late season game with the caption `` Leo exhibits his breakaway potential against the Buffalo Bills , '' along with a brief piece describing his amazing speed . He started camp that year back at his college position as a tailback . Indeed , he was listed as second of five players on the depth chart in the team 's official 1968 Patriots Media Guide at the halfback position .   During the long preseason ( which included games against both AFL and NFL teams ) , the coaching staff decided to move him to receiver again , with great success . He had a productive game at that position against the Saints in a game played at Tulane University . Against the Jets in a game in Richmond , Virginia , he led the team both in pass receptions and receiving yards , and was moved to the starting lineup the following week against the Dolphins . He concluded his success at flanker by scoring in an AFL v. NFL game against the Philadelphia Eagles at his old stomping grounds , Harvard Stadium , and serving as the team 's primary kick and punt returner . The promotional materials for that game featured Leo prominently with a photo and article noting how well he played in when he joined the club the prior year and predicting that we would see `` quite a bit of action '' at both flanker back and halfback in the 1968 season . However , various injuries held him back as other veteran receivers pushed for more playing time , but he maintained his starting spot on the punt and kick return squads as the regular season began . After returning punts and kickoffs in the first game of the regular season in Buffalo , the following week Leo suffered a serious injury in a practice scrimmage inflicted by a teammate and was hospitalized for four days . As a result of a bye week for the Patriots in week two of the regular season , the team had a week layoff before their next game , and was required to make roster moves because their primary punter was hurt as well . The coaching staff asked Leo to accept a temporary assignment to the taxi squad as he recovered from his injury . Leo refused , and retired from the game .   After the 1968 season , Leo decided to return to academics , attending law school in the Boston area and practicing law for many years thereafter .

neg: Tom Edwards (American football) Thomas Leighton Edwards ( December 12 , 1899 -- January 28 , 1980 ) was an American football player . He played college football at the University of Michigan , where he was an All-American tackle for the Michigan Wolverines . Edward played professional football for one season , in 1926 , with the New York Yankees of the American Football League and the Detroit Panthers of the National Football League ( NFL ) .

neg: Jim Brady (baseball) James Joseph Brady , Jr. , ( born March 2 , 1936 ) is an American economist , retired university educator and administrator , and a former left-handed pitcher in professional baseball . A native of Jersey City , New Jersey , he attended and earned three degrees from the University of Notre Dame .   Brady was the sixth president of Jacksonville University ( 1989 -- 96 ) , after service as dean of both the university 's College of Arts and Sciences and Davis College of Business . Prior to that , he held the department chair in economics at Old Dominion University and was a member of the economics faculty of his alma mater , Notre Dame .   As a baseball player , the 6 ft , 185 lb Brady was signed off his college campus as an undergraduate by the Detroit Tigers as a $ 37,500 `` bonus baby '' in 1955 . Detroit 's farm system director , John McHale , was a Notre Dame alumnus and Brady promised his father he would return to college to complete his education when he signed his contract . Under the terms of the bonus rule then in effect , however , Brady was forced to spend the first two years of his pro career on a Major League roster .   Nicknamed `` Diamond Jim '' because of his bonus status , Brady missed the 1955 season due to an injury , then made his MLB debut on May 12 , 1956 , hurling a perfect ninth inning against the Chicago White Sox in a 7 -- 6 loss at Briggs Stadium . A week later , he pitched another scoreless inning against the Baltimore Orioles , but was treated roughly in his next four appearances , surrendering 20 earned runs on 15 hits and ten bases on balls in only 4 innings of work .   He made only those six appearances , all in relief , during the season , then was sent to the minors for good in 1957 . He retired as an active player after appearing in eight games for the 1961 Knoxville Smokies of the Class A Sally League .   According to Jacksonville University , as of 2011 , Brady was an arbitrator in North Florida .

neg: List of Wisconsin Badgers in the NFL Draft The University of Wisconsin -- Madison Badgers have drafted 289 players into the National Football League ( NFL ) since the league began holding drafts in 1936 . The Badgers ' highest draft position was second overall in 1944 , when Pat Harder was selected by Card-Pitt . Wisconsin 's first drafted player in the NFL was Eddie Jankowski , who was the 9th overall pick by the Green Bay Packers in 1937 . Three former Badgers were selected from the latest NFL draft : T. J. Watt , Ryan Ramczyk and Vince Biegel .   Each NFL franchise seeks to add new players through the annual NFL Draft . The team with the worst record the previous year picks first , the next-worst team second , and so on . Teams that did not make the playoffs are ordered by their regular-season record , with any remaining ties broken by strength of schedule . Playoff participants are sequenced after non-playoff teams , based on their round of elimination ( wild card , division , conference , and Super Bowl ) .   Before the AFL -- NFL merger agreements in 1966 , the American Football League ( AFL ) operated in direct competition with the NFL and held a separate draft . This led to a massive bidding war over top prospects between the two leagues . As part of the merger agreement on June 8 , 1966 , the two leagues would hold a multiple round `` Common Draft '' . Once the AFL officially merged with the NFL in 1970 , the `` Common Draft '' simply became the NFL Draft . This list includes players that have transferred to or from Wisconsin .

neg: Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2003 season . The Patriots defeated the Panthers by the score of 32 -- 29 , winning their second Super Bowl championship in three years . The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston , Texas , on February 1 , 2004 . At the time , this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers .   The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11 -- 5 regular season record . They also made it the second straight year that a team from the NFC South division made the Super Bowl , with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers winning Super Bowl XXXVII . The Patriots were seeking their second Super Bowl title in three years after posting a 14 -- 2 record .   NFL fans and sports writers widely consider this game one of the most well-played and thrilling Super Bowls ; Sports Illustrated writer Peter King hailed it as the `` Greatest Super Bowl of all time . '' Although neither team could score in the first and third quarters , they both ended up with a combined total of 868 yards and 61 points . The game was scoreless for a Super Bowl record 26:55 before the two teams combined for 24 points prior to halftime . The clubs then combined for a Super Bowl record 37 points in the fourth quarter . The contest was finally decided on New England kicker Adam Vinatieri 's 41-yard field goal with four seconds left . Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in three years . He set a Super Bowl record for the most pass completions ( 32 ) , completing 66.7 percent of his passes and accumulating 354 passing yards , 3 touchdowns , and 12 rushing yards . Jake Delhomme for his part overcame the poor start with 323 passing yards and three touchdowns . The 61 combined points stood as a Super Bowl record until the 62 points scored in Super Bowl LI in 2017 .   The game is also known for its controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson 's breast , adorned with a nipple shield , was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second , in what was later referred to as a `` wardrobe malfunction '' . Along with the rest of the halftime show , it led to an immediate crackdown by the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting .

neg: 1997 NFL season The 1997 NFL season was the 78th regular season of the National Football League . The Oilers relocated from Houston , Texas to Nashville , Tennessee . The newly renamed Tennessee Oilers played their home games during this season at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis , Tennessee while a new stadium in Nashville began construction . Houston would rejoin the NFL with the expansion Texans in 2002 .   This was the last season to date that TNT broadcast NFL games , as well as the last for NBC until 2006 . When the TV contracts were renewed near the end of the season , Fox retained the National Football Conference package , CBS took over the American Football Conference package and ESPN won the right to televise all of the Sunday night games .   Due to Game 7 of the 1997 World Series , the Chicago Bears -- Miami Dolphins game at Pro Player Stadium was delayed one day to Monday , October 27 .   The Denver Broncos and Tampa Bay Buccaneers both changed their uniforms , and the new uniforms for both teams were introduced during this season .   The season ended with Super Bowl XXXII when the Denver Broncos defeated the Green Bay Packers 31-24 at the Qualcomm Stadium . This broke the National Football Conference 's streak of 13 consecutive Super Bowl victories .


query: James Garner did not act in multiple films.

pos: James Garner James Garner ( born James Scott Bumgarner ; April 7 , 1928 -- July 19 , 2014 ) was an American actor , producer , and voice artist . He starred in several television series over more than five decades , including such popular roles as Bret Maverick in the 1950s western comedy series Maverick and Jim Rockford in The Rockford Files , and played leading roles in more than 50 theatrical films , including The Great Escape ( 1963 ) with Steve McQueen , Paddy Chayefsky 's The Americanization of Emily ( 1964 ) , Grand Prix ( 1966 ) , Blake Edwards ' Victor/Victoria ( 1982 ) , Murphy 's Romance ( 1985 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination , Space Cowboys ( 2000 ) with Clint Eastwood , and The Notebook ( 2004 ) .

neg: Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era .   Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) .   Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death .   As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives .   This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .

neg: Toward the Unknown Toward the Unknown ( also titled Brink of Hell in its UK release ) is a 1956 movie about the dawn of supersonic flight filmed on location at Edwards Air Force Base . Starring William Holden , Lloyd Nolan and Virginia Leith , the film features the screen debut of James Garner .   Toward the Unknown was directed by Mervyn LeRoy and written by Beirne Lay , Jr. who had also penned the novel and screenplay for Twelve O'Clock High ( 1949 ) , and later screenplays for Above and Beyond ( 1952 ) and Strategic Air Command ( 1955 ) . The film 's title is derived from the motto of the Air Force Flight Test Center , Ad Inexplorata .

neg: James McLaughlin (American actor) James McLaughlin , also James W. MacLaughlin an J.W. McLaughlin was an American film actor and director .

neg: A Dream or Two Ago A Dream or Two Ago is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by James Kirkwood . The film was one of the few films of Mary Miles Minter which survived . The film was restored in 2004 and was shown along with Innocence of Lizette ( 1916 ) at a Dutch film festival .

neg: James Goldstone James Goldstone ( born June 8 , 1931 in Los Angeles , California ; died November 5 , 1999 in Shaftsbury , Vermont ) was an American film and television director whose career spanned over thirty years .   Goldstone was noted for the momentum and `` fifteen-minute cliffhangers '' that he brought to TV pilots such as Star Trek ( `` Where No Man Has Gone Before '' , 1966 ) , Ironside , and The Bold Ones : The Senator . His later career helped pioneer the concept of `` thirty-second attention span '' pacing over detailed content in his dramatizations of Rita Hayworth , Calamity Jane , and the Kent State shootings for which he won the Emmy .   During his Hollywood career , he directed Paul Newman , Robert De Niro , Robert Shaw , James Garner , Richard Dreyfuss and Sidney Poitier and collaborated with composer and musician , Lalo Schifrin . He `` discovered '' Tiny Tim . In addition to his work in film and television , Goldstone was a longtime leader in the Director 's and Writers Guilds . In his later life , he taught both at Bennington College and in the masters program at Columbia University . During the 1990s he directed a number of theatrical productions in New England . He was also central in the establishment of National Public Radio presence in Vermont and was the moving force behind the creation of the Vermont Arts Council which named its award for new talent the James Goldstone Award .   Goldstone was the son of Hollywood agent and early television producer , Jules Goldstone .

neg: Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III .   The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .

neg: The FBI Story The FBI Story is a 1959 American drama film starring James Stewart , and produced and directed by Mervyn LeRoy . The screenplay by Richard L. Breen and John Twist is based on a book by Don Whitehead .

neg: List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way .   As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .

neg: James W. Morrison James W. Morrison ( November 15 , 1888 -- November 15 , 1974 ) was an American actor and author . He appeared in 187 films between 1911 and 1927 .

neg: Jesse James (1939 film) Jesse James ( 1939 ) is a western film directed by Henry King and starring Tyrone Power , Henry Fonda , Nancy Kelly and Randolph Scott . Written by Nunnally Johnson , the film is loosely based on the life of Jesse James , the notorious outlaw from whom the film derives its name . It is `` notorious for its historical inaccuracy . '' The supporting cast features Henry Hull , John Carradine , Brian Donlevy , Jane Darwell and Lon Chaney , Jr. . .   The American Humane Association began to oversee filmmaking after a horse died when it was driven off a cliff on set .

neg: 127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed , co-written , and produced by Danny Boyle . The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston . In 127 Hours , canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon , southeastern Utah , in April 2003 . It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment , Film4 Productions , HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films .   The film , based on Ralston 's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place ( 2004 ) , was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy , produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson , and scored by A. R. Rahman . Beaufoy , Colson , and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) . 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: List of The Rockford Files episodes The Rockford Files is an American television drama series starring James Garner that aired on the NBC network between September 13 , 1974 , and January 10 , 1980 , and has remained in syndication to the present day . Garner portrays Los Angeles-based private investigator Jim Rockford with Noah Beery , Jr. , in the supporting role of his father , a retired truck driver nicknamed `` Rocky '' .   The series debuted with a made-for-TV movie simply titled The Rockford Files . During the series run , there were a number of two-part episodes , as well as long ( 90 or 120 minutes ) episodes that were split into two parts for syndication ( and on later DVD releases ) . Filming stopped in the middle of the sixth season ( 1979-1980 ) , on the advice of star James Garner 's doctor . Garner , who had filmed many of his own stunts , injured his back and knees .   In the 1990s , Rockford returned to the air in a series of eight TV movies on CBS .

neg: One Little Indian (film) One Little Indian is a 1973 western film produced by Walt Disney Productions starring James Garner and Vera Miles . The supporting cast includes Pat Hingle , Jay Silverheels , and a 10-year-old Jodie Foster , and the plotline involves a cavalry soldier 's misadventures with a camel and a little boy . The film was written by Harry Spalding and directed by Bernard McEveety .   The movie earned an estimated $ 2 million in North American rentals .

neg: Gideon's Day (film) Gideon 's Day ( originally released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard ) is a 1958 police procedural crime film starring Jack Hawkins , Dianne Foster and Cyril Cusack . The film , which was directed by John Ford , was adapted from John Creasey 's novel of the same name .  It was released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard .   Although this is the first film to feature the named character of George Gideon , Jack Hawkins had already played a very similar role in the British film The Long Arm two years earlier .

neg: Arthur Garner Arthur Garner ( 8 February 1851 -- ) was a theatrical entrepreneur , active in Australia .

neg: Young Maverick Young Maverick is a 1979 television series . The series was a sequel of the 1957 series Maverick , which had starred James Garner as roving gambler Bret Maverick . Charles Frank played Ben Maverick , the son of Bret 's first cousin Beau Maverick , making him Bret 's first cousin once removed . Frank 's real-life wife Susan Blanchard played his girlfriend Nell , while John Dehner ( who appeared in Maverick '' 's `` Shady Deal At Sunny Acres '' ) appeared as a frontier marshal who had arrested Ben 's father Beau decades before . The series was cancelled by CBS after six hour-long episodes had been shown , leaving two which were never aired on the network . All eight episodes were screened later that year on BBC1 in the UK .   The 1978 TV-movie The New Maverick , featuring Garner as Bret , Frank as Ben , Jack Kelly as Bret 's brother Bart Maverick , and Blanchard as Nell , served as the pilot for the series . ( Garner appeared briefly in the first regular episode of Young Maverick , `` Clancy , '' making him the only person to appear in all three series . ) Among the actors appearing on the series were Howard Duff , John McIntire , James Woods , Donna Mills ( all in `` Dead Man 's Hand , '' parts 1 and 2 ) , J. Pat O'Malley ( `` A Fistful Of Oats '' ) , Morgan Fairchild , John Hillerman ( both `` Makin ' Tracks '' ) and Harry Dean Stanton . Roger Moore , who played Beau Maverick ( Ben 's father ) in the original series , never appeared in Young Maverick '' . Despite the title , Frank was three years older than Garner had been at the launch of the original series .

neg: Jim Garner (American football) Jim Garner was an American football player and coach . Garner played guard at Livingston State College ( now the University of West Alabama ) from 1949 to 1951 . He later served as the head football coach at Livingston State from 1960 through his resignation from the school following the 1966 season . During his tenure there , he compiled an overall record of 22 wins , 39 losses and 3 ties ( 22 -- 39 -- 3 ) .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .


query: Bosnia and Herzegovina is in Europe.

pos: Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( -LSB- ˈbɒzniə_ənd_ˌhɛərtsəɡoʊˈviːnə , _ - ˌhɜːrt - , _ - ɡə - -RSB- or -LSB- ˌhɜːrtsəˈɡɒvᵻnə -RSB- B&H ; Bosnian , Croatian , Serbian : Bosna i Hercegovina / Боснa и Херцеговина -LSB- bôsna i xěrt͡seɡoʋina -RSB- ) , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina ( BiH ) , and , in short , often known informally as Bosnia , is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula . Sarajevo is the capital and largest city . Bordered by Croatia to the north , west , and south ; Serbia to the east ; Montenegro to the southeast ; and the Adriatic Sea to the south , with a coastline about 20 km long surrounding the city of Neum . In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous , in the northwest it is moderately hilly , and the northeast is predominantly flatland . The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate , with hot summers and cold and snowy winters . The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography .   Bosnia and Herzegovina is a region that traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age , during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations . Culturally , politically , and socially , the country has a rich history , having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries . In the 12th century the Banate of Bosnia was established , which evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century , after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire , under whose rule it would remain from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries . The Ottomans brought Islam to the region , and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country . This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy , which lasted up until World War I . In the interwar period , Bosnia was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and after World War II , the country was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia , the country proclaimed independence in 1992 , which was followed by the Bosnian War , lasting until late 1995 .   Today , the country maintains high literacy , life expectancy and education levels and is one of the most frequently visited countries in the region , projected to have the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020 . Bosnia and Herzegovina is regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage inherited from six historical civilizations , its cuisine , winter sports , its eclectic and unique music , architecture and its festivals , some of which are the largest and most prominent of their kind in Southeastern Europe . The country is home to three main ethnic groups or , officially , constituent peoples , as specified in the constitution . Bosniaks are the largest group of the three , with Serbs second and Croats third . A native of Bosnia and Herzegovina , regardless of ethnicity , is identified in English as a Bosnian . The terms Herzegovinian and Bosnian are maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction , and the region of Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own . Moreover , the country was simply called `` Bosnia '' until the Austro-Hungarian occupation at the end of the 19th century .   Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member Presidency composed of a member of each major ethnic group . However , the central government 's power is highly limited , as the country is largely decentralized and comprises two autonomous entities : the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska , with a third region , the Brčko District , governed under local government . The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself complex and consists of 10 cantons . The country is a potential candidate for membership to the European Union and has been a candidate for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation membership since April 2010 , when it received a Membership Action Plan at a summit in Tallinn . Additionally , the country has been a member of the Council of Europe since April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment in July 2008 .

neg: House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina The House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Dom Naroda Bosne i Hercegovine / Дом Народа Босне и Херцеговине ) is one of the two chambers of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina , with the other chamber being the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina . It was established through the signing of the Dayton Agreement in 1995 .   It has 15 members equally distributed among the three ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina : 5 Bosniaks , 5 Serbs , and 5 Croats . The members are appointed by the parliaments of the constituent peoples . Their duty is to make sure that no law is passed unless all three groups agree on it .

neg: Bosnia and Herzegovina Davis Cup team The Bosnia and Herzegovina Davis Cup team represents Bosnia and Herzegovina in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Tennis Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina .   Bosnia and Herzegovina was promoted to the Europe/Africa Zone Group I in September 2016 . Before that they played in Group II and lost in the promotion round three times : 2010 , 2011 , 2013 .

neg: Bosnians Bosnians ( Bosnian , Croatian and Serbian : Bosanci / Босанци ; singular : Bosnian ( Bosanac / Босанац ) are people who live in Bosnia , or who are of Bosnian descent . Bosnia is one of two main regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina .   According to the latest official population census made in Bosnia and Herzegovina , most of the people identified with Bosniak , Croat or Serb nationality . Some people identified with `` Bosnian '' nationality , however these are listed under the category `` Others '' ( along with all the other options such as Jews , Romas etc. ) . According to the latest population census ( 2013 ) , there were around 2.7 % `` Others '' .   According to some , a Bosnian can be anyone who holds citizenship of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina , and thus is largely synonymous with the all-encompassing national demonym Bosnians and Herzegovinians . This includes , but is not limited to , members of the constituent ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina : Bosniaks , Serbs and Croats . Those who reside in the smaller geographical region of Herzegovina usually prefer to identify as Herzegovinians .   CIA factbook , used in this article as a source for numbers , does n't mention a sole `` Bosnian '' nationality . Instead it mentions `` Bosnian ( s ) , Herzegovinian ( s ) '' thereby emphasizing the regional significance and equity between the terms .   Ethnic minorities in this territory , such as Jews , Roma , Albanians , Montenegrins and others , may consider Bosnian as an adjective modifying their ethnicity ( e.g. Bosnian Roma ) to indicate place of residence . Other times they use ( with equal rights ) the term Herzegovinians .   In addition , a sizable population in Bosnia and Herzegovina believe that the term `` Bosnians '' defines a people who constitute a distinct collective cultural identity or ethnic group . According to the latest ( 2013 ) census however , this population does n't rise above 2.7 % .   According to a study conducted by University of Montenegro , Faculty for Sport and Physical Education , Nikšić , Montenegro and University of Novi Sad in Serbia , Bosnian people are the tallest in the world .

neg: Army of Republika Srpska The Army of Republika Srpska ; Serbian , Bosnian , Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske ( VRS ) ) , also referred to as the Bosnian Serb Army , was the military of the Republika Srpska , an area which was previously the `` Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina '' .   In 2003 the army began to integrate into the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina . In 2005 a fully integrated unit of Serbs , Bosniaks , and Croats was deployed to augment the US-led coalition forces in Iraq . On 6 June 2006 , it was fully integrated into the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina controlled by the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina .

neg: Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea -LSB- ˌeɪdriˈætᵻk -RSB- is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges . The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea , extending from the Strait of Otranto ( where it connects to the Ionian Sea ) to the northwest and the Po Valley . The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Greece , Italy , Montenegro and Slovenia . The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands , mostly located along its eastern , Croatian , coast . It is divided into three basins , the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest , with a maximum depth of 1233 m . The Otranto Sill , an underwater ridge , is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas . The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto , along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western ( Italian ) coast . Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight , although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally . The Adriatic 's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean 's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean , acting as a dilution basin . The surface water temperatures generally range from 30 C in summer to 12 C in winter , significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin 's climate .   The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate , which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era . The plate 's movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate . In the Late Oligocene , the Apennine Peninsula first formed , separating the Adriatic Basin from the rest of the Mediterranean . All types of sediment are found in the Adriatic , with the bulk of the material transported by the Po and other rivers on the western coast . The western coast is alluvial or terraced , while the eastern coast is highly indented with pronounced karstification . There are dozens of marine protected areas in the Adriatic , designed to protect the sea 's karst habitats and biodiversity . The sea is abundant in flora and fauna -- more than 7,000 species are identified as native to the Adriatic , many of them endemic , rare and threatened ones .   The Adriatic 's shores are populated by more than 3.5 million people ; the largest cities are Bari , Venice , Trieste and Split . The earliest settlements on the Adriatic shores were Etruscan , Illyrian , and Greek . By the 2nd century BC , the shores were under Rome 's control . In the Middle Ages , the Adriatic shores and the sea itself were controlled , to a varying extent , by a series of states -- most notably the Byzantine Empire , the Serbian Empire , the Republic of Venice , the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire . The Napoleonic Wars resulted in the First French Empire gaining coastal control and the British effort to counter the French in the area , ultimately securing most of the eastern Adriatic shore and the Po Valley for Austria . Following Italian unification , the Kingdom of Italy started an eastward expansion that lasted until the 20th century . Following World War I and the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire , the eastern coast 's control passed to Yugoslavia and Albania . The former disintegrated during the 1990s , resulting in four new states on the Adriatic coast . Italy and Yugoslavia agreed on their maritime boundaries by 1975 and this boundary is recognised by Yugoslavia 's successor states , but the maritime boundaries between Slovenian , Croatian , Bosnian-Herzegovinian , and Montenegrin waters are still disputed . Italy and Albania agreed on their maritime boundary in 1992 .   Fisheries and tourism are significant sources of income all along the Adriatic coast . Adriatic Croatia 's tourism industry has grown faster economically than the rest of the Adriatic Basin 's . Maritime transport is also a significant branch of the area 's economy -- there are 19 seaports in the Adriatic that each handle more than a million tonnes of cargo per year . The largest Adriatic seaport by annual cargo turnover is the Port of Trieste , while the Port of Split is the largest Adriatic seaport by passengers served per year .

neg: Bosnia and Herzegovina Fed Cup team The Bosnia and Herzegovina Fed Cup team represents Bosnia and Herzegovina in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Tennis Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina . They currently compete in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group I.

neg: Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina was impacted by the Balkan War of the early 1990s , during which Bosnia and Herzegovina declared their independence . Bosnia faced many challenges during the war , including bombings throughout the country that ruined much of the infrastructure . Parallel regimes took over Bosnia and flipped the country upside down with land mines , bullets , and bombings . The war displaced over 800,000 refugees and killed over 100,000 people . The war in Bosnia also consisted of an ethnic `` cleanse '' of Bosnian Muslims initiated by Bosnian Serbs , which included containment of Bosniaks in concentration camps . The war ended with NATO involvement and the Dayton Agreement in 1995 . The Dayton Agreement acknowledges Bosnia and Herzegovina as a democratic country and the country is moving toward the basic principals that accompany that , such as civil rights and equality . During the war there was minimal attention given to the standard of health and major public health concerns , such as pest control , hygiene , disinfection , and import and export programs , were all interrupted or stopped .  The war affected Bosnia in many ways . The war torn country not only lost much of the infrastructure , but the economy and the governmental system were also affected . It is estimated that there are still thousands of people living as refugees and a large portion of the population still fall under the United Nations High Commission of Refugees category of a refugee or displaced person . The shortcomings of the current health care system include the lack of communication between health care centers , lack of skills , and lack of standards that are uniform throughout the country .

neg: European Union Prize for Literature European Union Prize for Literature ( established in 2009 ) is a European Union literary award . The award is funded and founded by the Culture Programme of the European Union , and is coordinated by a Consortium , selected by a Commission . The Consortium is composed of the European Booksellers Federation , the European Writers ' Council and the Federation of European Publishers . The Consortium sets up the national juries and organizes the awards .   Each year 11 or 12 countries are selected to be part of the award , national juries are selected for each country , and each country 's jury then selects a winner . After three years of rotation , all countries will have been included . Countries eligible for inclusion include :  The 28 Member States of the European Union ( as of 2013 )  The 3 EEA countries : Norway , Iceland and Liechtenstein  The candidate countries for accession to the EU : Albania , Turkey , Montenegro , the Republic of Macedonia , Serbia  Potential candidate country for accession to the EU : Bosnia and Herzegovina   Each winner receives $ 5,000 and their books are given support for translation funding , as well as promotion .

neg: House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina The House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the legislative body of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina .

neg: Comedy in Bosnia and Herzegovina Comedy has a long and rich tradition in Bosnia and Herzegovina , and its people have long been associated with humor in various forms . The humor is usually directed towards the different ethnic groups in the former Yugoslavia , and there are many racial slurs , but they are usually taken lightly .

neg: Bosnia and Herzegovina–Malaysia relations Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Malaysia relations refers to a foreign relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Malaysia . Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur , and Malaysia has an embassy in Sarajevo .

neg: Geography of Kosovo Kosovo is a small landlocked country in Southeastern Europe , in the center of Balkan Peninsula .  With an area of 10,908 km2 , it is one of the smallest countries in Europe .   Considering it 's small area , Kosovo has a variety of topographical features . It is surrounded by mountains : the Sharr Mountains are located in the south and southeast , bordering Macedonia , while the Kopaonik Mountains rise in the north . The southwest borders with Montenegro and Albania are also mountainous , and home to the country 's highest peak , Gjeravica , 2656 m high . The central region is mainly hilly , but two large plains spread over Kosovo 's west and east , respectively , Metohija plain and Kosovo plain .   In the terms of hydrography , Kosovo has limited water resources . The main rivers in the country are the White Drin , running towards the Adriatic Sea , the South Morava in the Goljak area , and Ibar in the north . Sitnica , a tributary of Ibar , is the longest river lying completely within Kosovo . There are several small natural lakes but the country 's most important lakes are artificial . The biggest lakes are Gazivoda , Radonjić , Batlava and Badovac . Kosovo also does have a large number of karst springs , thermal and mineral water springs .

neg: Banate of Bosnia The Banate of Bosnia ( Bosanska banovina , banovina Bosna ) was a medieval state based in what is today Bosnia and Herzegovina . Although it was a part of the Hungarian Crown Lands , the Banate of Bosnia was a de facto independent state . It was founded in the mid-12th century and existed until 1377 , when it was proclaimed a kingdom with the coronation of Tvrtko I . The greater part of its history was marked by a religiopolitical controversy revolving around the native Bosnian Church condemned as heretical by both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches , although with the Catholic church being particularly antagonistic and persecuting its members through the Hungarians .

neg: Brotherhood and unity Brotherhood and unity was a popular slogan of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia that was coined during the Yugoslav People 's Liberation War ( 1941 -- 45 ) , and which evolved into a guiding principle of Yugoslavia 's post-war inter-ethnic policy . In Slovenia , the slogan `` Brotherhood and Peace '' ( bratstvo i mir ) was used in the beginning .   After the invasion of Yugoslavia by Axis forces in April 1941 , the occupying powers and their helpers sought to systematically incite hatred among the many national , ethnic and religious groups of Yugoslavia . The Yugoslav Communist Party successfully publicized the brotherhood and unity of Yugoslavia 's nations ( narodi ) and national minorities ( nacionalne manjine , later renamed to narodnosti ) in their struggle against the fascist enemy and domestic collaborators . The decision of the second session of AVNOJ on the federalization of Yugoslavia in 1943 was regarded as the recognition of this Brotherhood and Unity principle .   After the war , the slogan designated the official policy of inter-ethnic relations in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , as embodied in its federal constitutions of 1963 and of 1974 . The policy prescribed that Yugoslavia 's nations ( Serbs , Macedonians , Croats , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Muslims ) and national minorities ( Albanians , Hungarians , Romanians , Bulgarians , Jews , Italians , and others ) are equal groups that coexist peacefully in the federation , promoting their similarities and interdependence in order to overcome national conflicts and hatred . Every individual was entitled to the expression of their own culture , while the ethnic groups had an oath to one another to maintain peaceful relations . Citizens were also encouraged and allowed to declare their nationality as Yugoslav , which usually polled at 10 % . The policy also led to the adoption of national quota systems in all public institutions , including economic organizations , in which national groups were represented by their republic 's or province 's national composition .   Throughout Yugoslavia many factories , schools , public venues , folklore ensembles and sporting teams used to be named `` Brotherhood and unity '' , as well as the Ljubljana-Zagreb-Beograd-Skopje highway ( Highway `` Brotherhood and Unity '' ) . The country had a decoration called the Order of the Brotherhood and Unity .   Several prominent persons from former Yugoslavia were convicted for activities deemed to threaten the brotherhood and unity , such as acts of chauvinist propaganda , separatism and irredentism . Among the convicts were the former presidents of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Alija Izetbegović ) and Croatia ( Franjo Tuđman and Stjepan Mesić ) , Croatian army general of Albanian descent Rahim Ademi and many others . One Kosovo Albanian , Adem Demaçi , was imprisoned for almost 30 years for allegations of espionage and irredentism .

neg: Contact Group (Balkans) The Contact Group is the name for an informal grouping of Great Powers that have a significant interest in policy developments in the Balkans . The Contact Group is composed of United States , United Kingdom , France , Germany , Italy , and Russia . It was first created in response to the war and the crisis in Bosnia in the early 1990s . The Contact Group includes four of the five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council and the countries that contribute the most in troops and assistance to peacebuilding efforts in the Balkans . Representatives of the EU Council , EU Presidency , European Commission and NATO generally attend Contact Group meetings .   The Contact Group has taken a major interest in the UN-led process to determine the future political status of Kosovo and Metohija ( i.e. , whether it should be independent or remain a part of Serbia ) . The Contact Group meets regularly with UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari , who has been charged with running the future status process .   The Contact Group has no Secretariat or permanent staff -- it is simply an informal grouping of countries that meets regularly at various levels to coordinate international policy initiatives in southeast Europe . Contact Group public statements , often negotiated to painstaking detail within the group , are considered to be significant statements of the international community 's policy and intentions in the region . The Contact Group usually meets at the level of Balkans director ( i.e. , the highest-ranking diplomats in charge of the Balkans in each foreign ministry ) . Occasionally , however , the Contact Group meets at the level of Political Director or even Foreign Minister .

neg: Peace Implementation Council The Peace Implementation Council ( PIC ) is an international body charged with implementing the Dayton Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Council was established at an implementation conference held in London , United Kingdom on December 8 and 9 , 1995 , subsequent to the completion of the negotiations of the accord the preceding month . The Council is , in effect , the realization , through the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina , of the international community 's governance of Bosnia and Herzegovina after signature of the Dayton Agreement . This international control over Bosnia and Herzegovina is to last until the country is deemed politically and democratically stable and self-sustainable .   The PIC comprises 55 countries and agencies that support the peace process in many different ways - by assisting it financially , providing troops for SFOR , or directly running operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina . There is also a fluctuating number of observers .   Since the London conference , the PIC has come together at the ministerial level another six times to review progress and define the goals of peace implementation for the coming period : in June 1996 in Florence , Italy ; in December 1996 for a second time in London ; in December 1997 in Bonn , Germany ; in December 1998 in Madrid , Spain , in May 2000 and February 2007 in Brussels , Belgium .   The PIC clarifies the responsibilities of the High Representative as the main implementing body of the civilian part of the Dayton Agreement , as set out in Annex 10 the Dayton Agreement . For example , the 1997 Bonn session provided the Office of the High Representative with the so-called `` Bonn authority '' to dismiss elected and non-elected officials who obstruct the implementation of the Dayton Agreement . The High Representative from 2006-2007 , Christian Schwarz-Schilling , used this power sparingly , to promote confidence in elected domestic government . This strategy was reversed by the new appointee to that post , Miroslav Lajčák , who imposed several decisions on his first day at work .

neg: List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia , along with other areas of special political status .   Eurasia is a continent comprising the traditional continents of Europe and Asia . It is divided from Africa by the Isthmus of Suez . Some states such as Malta are traditionally part of Eurasia , however they lie on the African tectonic plate . It is separated from Australasia ( Oceania ) somewhere in the Malay archipelago , and is usually considered as including Indonesia and Timor-Leste ( East Timor ) .   Some areas are associated with Eurasian states , being part of them or dependent upon them , but are not physically in it . Examples are the Danish territory of Greenland , French overseas departments , some British Overseas Territories , and the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla .

neg: BIRN Bosnia and Herzegovina The Balkan Investigative Reporting Network Bosnia and Herzegovina ( BIRN BiH ) is a non-profit organization based in Sarajevo that specializes in monitoring and reporting war crimes trials before the Court of BiH War Crimes Chamber as well as Cantonal and District courts . Acting as a public information service in the field of domestic judiciary and human rights protection , BIRN BiH works to increase public understanding and support for war crime prosecution . Furthermore , BIRN BiH supports the development of high quality media and civil society in BiH , aiming to empower a citizenry that exercises its democratic rights and obligations , and is fully active in the governance of its country .   BIRN BiH is a member of the BIRN network , which includes BIRN Hub , BIRN Ltd , BIRN Kosovo , BIRN Macedonia , and BIRN Serbia .   BIRN network has a number of publications and projects , including the Justice Series : Media , Civil Society , and War Crime Trials , Balkan Insight , Balkan Transitional Justice . The Justice Series is a media programme run by BIRN BiH and consists of the organization 's flagship publication Justice Report , Radio Justice , and TV Justice . These projects communicate via 300 media outlets reaching close to one million people worldwide . They include daily , weekly , and monthly radio and TV programs , online articles , reports , and analyses in English and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian . In addition , BIRN BiH founded the Association of Court Reporters , a countrywide advocacy network in charge of promoting judiciary-media cooperation .

neg: Brčko District The Brčko District ( -LSB- br̩̂t͡ʃkɔː -RSB- ; Bosnian : Brčko distrikt / Брчко дистрикт ) in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina is a self-governing administrative unit as well as condominium under the dual sovereignty of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and new formed Republika Srpska . The seat of the district is the city of Brčko .

neg: Bosnia and Herzegovina–Russia relations Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Russia relations are the bilateral relations between the two countries , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Russia . Bosnia is one of the countries where Russia has contributed troops for the NATO-led stabilization force . Russia recognized the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 27 April 1992 .