query: Apollo 11 was launched in April.

pos: Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon . Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin , both American , landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20 , 1969 , at 20:18 UTC . Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC ; Aldrin joined him about 20 minutes later . They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft , and collected 47.5 lb of lunar material to bring back to Earth . Michael Collins piloted the command module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon 's surface . Armstrong and Aldrin spent just under a day on the lunar surface before rendezvousing with Columbia in lunar orbit .   Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island , Florida , on July 16 , and was the fifth manned mission of NASA 's Apollo program . The Apollo spacecraft had three parts : a command module ( CM ) with a cabin for the three astronauts , and the only part that landed back on Earth ; a service module ( SM ) , which supported the command module with propulsion , electrical power , oxygen , and water ; and a lunar module ( LM ) that had two stages -- a lower stage for landing on the Moon , and an upper stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit . After being sent toward the Moon by the Saturn V 's upper stage , the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered into lunar orbit . Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into the lunar module Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility . They stayed a total of about 21.5 hours on the lunar surface . The astronauts used Eagle '' 's upper stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module . They jettisoned Eagle '' before they performed the maneuvers that blasted them out of lunar orbit on a trajectory back to Earth . They returned to Earth and landed in the Pacific Ocean on July 24 .   Broadcast on live TV to a worldwide audience , Armstrong stepped onto the lunar surface and described the event as `` one small step for -LSB- a -RSB- man , one giant leap for mankind . '' Apollo 11 effectively ended the Space Race and fulfilled a national goal proposed in 1961 by U.S. President John F. Kennedy : `` before this decade is out , of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth . ''

neg: Héroux-Devtek Héroux-Devtek is a Canadian company based in Longueuil , Quebec , specializing in the manufacture and repair of various industrial components , energy , and aviation . The greatest achievement of this undertaking was the landing gear of the Apollo Lunar Module that put Neil Armstrong on the moon as part of the mission Apollo 11 in 1969 .   Héroux-Devtek 's activities are grouped into three divisions :   Landing gear  The components of turbine gas  The Aerostructures Division   The firm uses various metals such as steel , aluminum , iron , and titanium . March 31 , 2011 , Héroux-Devtek recorded revenues of CA$ 357.6 million and a profit of CA$ 18.5 million . It employs a workforce of 1342 employees .

neg: Super Low Altitude Test Satellite SLATS , the Super Low Altitude Test Satellite , is a JAXA satellite intended to demonstrate operations in very low Earth orbit ( below 200 km ) , using ion engines to cancel out aerodynamic drag and equipped with sensors to determine atomic oxygen density , an exposure facility to measure material degradation in the 200 km orbit , and a small camera . Initial designs had conventional , though slightly canted , solar panels ( compare to the aerodynamic shape and on-body solar panels of GOCE , which flew in a 255 km orbit ) .   SLATS will be launched on a H-IIA rocket alongside the GCOM-C satellite to a 630 km orbit , followed by orbit-lowering manoeuvres by a combination of chemical propulsion and aerobraking , with final operation at an altitude below 180 km . The launch is to take place on early 2017 . As of December 2015 , the satellite is manifested for ` FY2016 or later ' on JAXA 's launch schedule page .

neg: Space Launch Initiative The Space Launch Initiative ( SLI ) was a NASA and U.S. Department of Defense joint research and technology project to determine the requirements to meet all the nation 's hypersonics , space launch and space technology needs . The program began with the award of reusable launch vehicle study contracts in 2000 . In November 2002 it was evolved into the Orbital Space Plane Program and the Next Generation Launch Technology Program .   The primary goal of this research was to increase safety and reliability and to reduce overall costs associated with building , flying and maintaining the nation 's next generation of space launch vehicles . NASA anticipated that these advances would revitalize the nation 's space transportation capabilities , and dramatically improve NASA 's ability to conduct science and exploration missions in space . | This program was ended with the cancellation of the X-33 and X-34 and the conclusion of the X-43 programs . NASA changed its focus to Constellation Program .   The Space Launch Initiative Propulsion Office , managed by NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville , Ala. , sought to advance technologies and explore new avenues of space propulsion to develop safer , more reliable and affordable propulsion solutions . Four main engine candidates for a second generation reusable launch vehicle emerged , including two hydrogen-fueled ( COBRA , RS-83 , TR-106 ) and two kerosene-fueled ( RS-84 , TR-107 ) staged combustion engines .   California Poly Pomona 's Professor Steven Dobbs was the Lead Systems Engineer on the project , making significant use of the program as an example for failed systems engineering .

neg: Luna E-6 No.2 Luna E-6 No. 2 , also identified as No. 1 , and sometimes known in the West as Sputnik 25 , was a Soviet spacecraft which launched in 1963 , but was placed into a useless orbit due to a problem with the upper stage of the rocket that launched it . It was a 1500 kg Luna E-6 spacecraft , the first of twelve to be launched , It was intended to be the first spacecraft to perform a soft landing on the Moon , a goal which would eventually be accomplished by the final E-6 spacecraft , Luna 9 .   Luna E-6 No. 2 was launched at 08:49 UTC on 4 January 1963 , atop a Molniya-L 8K78L carrier rocket , flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome . The lower stages of the rocket performed nominally , delivering the upper stage and payload into low Earth orbit , however a transformer in the upper stage malfunctioned , which resulted in its ullage motors failing to ignite when the stage began its start-up sequence , sixty six minutes after launch . It remained in low Earth orbit until it decayed on 11 January 1963 . It was the first spacecraft to be launched in 1963 , and consequently the first to be assigned an International Designator , under the new system which had been introduced at the start of the year .   The spacecraft consisted of a cylindrical section containing rockets and fuel for manoeuvring , attitude control and landing , as well as radio transmitters , and a 100 kg instrumented probe , which would have been ejected onto the surface after the spacecraft landed , carrying a camera and devices to measure radiation . It was intended to return data on the mechanical characteristics of the lunar surface , the hazards presented by the topology such as craters , rocks , and other obstructions , and radiation , in preparation for future manned landings .   The designations Sputnik 33 , and later Sputnik 25 were used by the United States Naval Space Command to identify the spacecraft in its Satellite Situation Summary documents , since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time , and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit .

neg: Space Shuttle design process See also Space Shuttle program - Conception and development   Even before the Project Apollo moon landing in 1969 , NASA began studies of space shuttle designs as early as October 1968 . The early studies were denoted `` Phase A '' , and in June 1970 , `` Phase B '' , which were more detailed and specific . The primary intended use of the space shuttle was supporting the future space station , ferrying a minimum crew of four and about 20000 lb of cargo , and able to be rapidly turned around for future flights .   Two designs emerged as front-runners . One was designed by engineers at the Manned Spaceflight Center , and championed especially by George Mueller . This was a two-stage system with delta-winged spacecraft , and generally complex . An attempt to re-simplify was made in the form of the DC-3 , designed by Maxime Faget , who had designed the Mercury capsule among other vehicles . Numerous offerings from a variety of commercial companies were also offered , but generally fell by the wayside as each NASA lab pushed for its own version .   All of this was taking place in the midst of other NASA teams proposing a wide variety of post-Apollo missions , a number of which would cost as much as Apollo or more . As each of these projects fought for funding , the NASA budget was at the same time being severely constrained . Three were eventually presented to Vice President Agnew in 1969 . The shuttle project rose to the top , largely due to tireless campaigning by its supporters . By 1970 the shuttle had been selected as the one major project for the short-term post-Apollo time frame .   When funding for the program came into question , there were concerns that the project might be cancelled . This led to an effort to interest the US Air Force in using the shuttle for their missions as well . The Air Force was mildly interested , but demanded a much larger vehicle , far larger than the original concepts . To lower the development costs of the resulting designs , boosters were added , a throw-away fuel tank was adopted , and many other changes made that greatly lowered the reusability and greatly added to vehicle and operational costs . With the Air Force 's approval , the system emerged in its operational form .

neg: Gene Kranz Eugene Francis `` Gene '' Kranz ( born August 17 , 1933 ) is an engineer , a retired NASA Flight Director and manager . Kranz served as a Flight Director , the successor to NASA founding Flight Director Chris Kraft , during the Gemini and Apollo programs , and is best known for his role in directing the successful Mission Control team efforts to save the crew of Apollo 13 , which later became the subject story of a major motion picture of the same name , in which he was portrayed by actor Ed Harris , and serving as flight director during the first lunar landing of Apollo 11 . He is also noted for his trademark close-cut flattop hairstyle , and the wearing of dapper `` mission '' vests ( waistcoats ) , of different styles and materials made by his wife , Marta Kranz , during missions for which he acted as Flight Director .   A personal friend of the American astronauts of his time , Kranz remains a prominent and colorful figure in the history of U.S. manned space exploration , the embodiment of `` NASA tough-and-competent '' of the Kranz Dictum . Kranz has been the subject of movies , documentary films , and books and periodical articles . Kranz is a recipient of a Presidential Medal of Freedom . In a 2010 Space Foundation survey , Kranz was ranked as the # 2 most popular space hero .

neg: Vostok (spacecraft) The Vostok ( Восток , translated as `` East '' ) was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union . The first human spaceflight in history was accomplished on this spacecraft on April 12 , 1961 , by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin .   The spacecraft was part of the Vostok programme in which six manned spaceflights were made from 1961 -- 63 . Two further manned space flights were made in 1964 and 1965 by Voskhod spacecraft , which were modified Vostok spacecraft . By the late 1960s both were superseded by the Soyuz spacecraft , which are still used .

neg: Mars program The Mars program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973 . The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars , and included flyby probes , landers and orbiters .   Early Mars spacecraft were small , and launched by Molniya rockets . Starting with two failures in 1969 , the heavier Proton-K rocket was used to launch larger 5 tonne spacecraft , consisting of an orbiter and a lander to Mars . The orbiter bus design was likely somewhat rushed into service and immature , considering that it performed very reliably in the Venera variant after 1975 . This reliability problem was common to much Soviet space hardware from the late 1960s and early 1970s and was largely corrected with a deliberate policy , implemented in the mid-1970s , of consolidating ( or `` debugging '' ) existing designs rather than introducing new ones . The names of the `` Mars '' missions do not need to be translated , as the word `` Mars '' is spelled and pronounced approximately the same way in English and Russian .   In addition to the Mars program , the Soviet Union also sent a probe to Mars as part of the Zond program ; Zond 2 , however it failed en route . Two more spacecraft were sent during the Phobos program . In 1996 , Russia launched Mars 96 , its first interplanetary mission since the dissolution of the Soviet Union , however it failed to depart Earth orbit .

neg: Apollo 9 Apollo 9 was the third manned mission in the United States Apollo space program and the first flight of the Command/Service Module ( CSM ) with the Lunar Module ( LM , pronounced `` lem '' ) . Its three-person crew , consisting of Commander James McDivitt , Command Module Pilot David Scott , and Lunar Module Pilot Rusty Schweickart , spent ten days in low Earth orbit testing several aspects critical to landing on the Moon , including the LM engines , backpack life support systems , navigation systems , and docking maneuvers . The mission was the second manned launch of a Saturn V rocket .   After launching on March 3 , 1969 , the crewmen performed the first manned flight of a LM , the first docking and extraction of a LM , two spacewalks ( EVA ) , and the second docking of two manned spacecraft -- two months after the Soviets performed a spacewalk crew transfer between Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 . The mission proved the LM worthy of manned spaceflight . Further tests on the Apollo 10 mission would prepare the LM for its ultimate goal , landing on the Moon . They returned to Earth on March 13 , 1969 .

neg: STS-74 STS-74 was the fourth mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program , and the second docking of the Space Shuttle with Mir . Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted off from Kennedy Space Center launch pad 39A on 12 November 1995 . The mission ended 8 days later with the landing of Atlantis back at Kennedy . It was the second in a series of seven straight missions to the station flown by Atlantis .   The shuttle delivered a pair of solar arrays along with the Russian-built Mir Docking Module to allow docking with the station by the space shuttle without moving Mir '' 's Kristall module . During the three-day docking , the Russian , Canadian , and American crew transferred supplies and equipment between Atlantis and Mir '' , moved several long-term experiments , and upgraded the station with new equipment , particularly during the installation of the docking module .

neg: The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks is a non-fiction book by Joe Kloc , a former contributing editor for Seed Magazine . It describes the efforts of both Joseph Gutheinz , a NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent turned college professor and his students to locate and find up to 79 missing Apollo 11 and 17 moon rocks and plaques that the United States government gave away to 135 nations of the world , all 50 states and its territories .   It begins by telling the story of Operation Lunar Eclipse , the first successful sting operation to recover a piece of the moon brought back by American astronauts , a sting operation the professor led and went undercover in , while still an agent . The sting operation successfully recovered the Honduras Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock that was in the possession of Florida businessman Alan H. Rosen . This operation was funded in part with the financial assistance of H. Ross Perot , billionaire and former Presidential candidate .   On October 1 , 2012 , Gutheinz gave a major speech on Operation Lunar Eclipse and the Moon Rock Project before the Engineering Colloquium at NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center . The speech was entitled `` Finding the Missing Moon Rocks '' , and is preserved on a video at the Space Flight Center Library . In that speech Joe Gutheinz was critical of NASA and the U.S. Government for not turning over the Cyprus Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock to Cyprus , which was also a major topic in Joe Kloc 's novel . On May 16 , 2013 news reports first broke that bowing from pressure from Cyprus the United States Government would give Cyprus its Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock .

neg: Eugene Cernan Captain Eugene Andrew `` Gene '' Cernan ( -LSB- ˈsɚ.nən -RSB- March 14 , 1934 -- January 16 , 2017 ) was an American astronaut , naval aviator , electrical engineer , aeronautical engineer , and fighter pilot . On Apollo 17 , Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon and , as the last man to re-enter the Lunar Module , he is as of 2017 the last man to have walked on its surface .   He traveled into space three times : as Pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966 , as Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969 , and as Commander of Apollo 17 in December 1972 , the final Apollo lunar landing . Cernan was also a backup crew member for the Gemini 12 , Apollo 7 and Apollo 14 space missions .

neg: Pioneer Venus project The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft , the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe , launched to Venus in 1978 . The program was managed by NASA 's Ames Research Center .   The Pioneer Venus Orbiter entered orbit around Venus on December 4 , 1978 , and performed observations to characterize the atmosphere and surface of Venus . It continued to transmit data until October 1992 .   The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe deployed four small probes into the Venusian atmosphere on December 9 , 1978 . All four probes transmitted data throughout their descent to the surface . One probe survived landing and transmitted data from the surface for over an hour .

neg: STS-134 STS-134 ( ISS assembly flight ULF6 ) was the penultimate mission of NASA 's Space Shuttle program and the 25th and last spaceflight of . This flight delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and an ExPRESS Logistics Carrier to the International Space Station . Mark Kelly served as the mission commander . STS-134 was expected to be the final space shuttle mission if STS-135 did not receive funding from Congress . However , in February 2011 , NASA stated that STS-135 would fly `` regardless '' of the funding situation . STS-135 , flown by Atlantis , took advantage of the processing for STS-335 , the Launch On Need mission that would have been necessary if the STS-134 crew became stranded in orbit .   Changes in the design of the main payload , AMS-02 , as well as delays to STS-133 , led to delays in the mission . The first launch attempt on 29 April 2011 was scrubbed at 12:20 pm by launch managers due to problems with two heaters on one of the orbiter 's auxiliary power units ( APU ) . Endeavour launched successfully at 08:56:28 EDT ( 12:56:28 UTC ) on 16 May 2011 , and landed for the final time on 1 June 2011 .

neg: STS-34 STS-34 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Atlantis . It was the 31st shuttle mission overall , and the fifth flight for Atlantis . STS-34 launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 18 October 1989 , and landed at Edwards Air Force Base , California , on 23 October . During the mission , the Jupiter-bound Galileo probe was deployed into space .

neg: Luna E-1 No.3 Luna E-1 No. 3 , sometimes identified by NASA as Luna 1958C , was a Soviet spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1958 . It was a 361 kg Luna E-1 spacecraft , the third of four to be launched , all of which were involved in launch failures . It was intended to impact the surface of the Moon , and in doing so become the first man-made object to reach its surface .   The spacecraft was intended to release 1 kg of sodium , in order to create a cloud of the metal which could be observed from Earth , allowing the spacecraft to be tracked . Prior to the release of information about its mission , NASA correctly identified that it had been an attempted Lunar impact mission .   Luna E-1 No. 3 was launched on 4 December 1958 atop a Luna 8K72 carrier rocket , flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome . Two hundred and forty five seconds into the flight , a hydrogen peroxide pump seized up due to loss of lubrication , which caused the rocket 's core stage engines to fail .

neg: Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation , or APOLLO , is a project at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico . It is an extension and advancement of previous Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment , which uses retroreflectors on the Moon to track changes in lunar orbital distance and motion .   Using telescopes on Earth , the reflectors on the Moon , and accurate timing of laser pulses , by the early 2000s scientists could measure and predict the orbit of the Moon to an accuracy of a few centimeters . This already impressive accuracy ( the Moon is typically about 385,000 km away ) provides the best known test of many aspects of our theories of gravity . APOLLO improves this even further , measuring the distance between the Moon to an accuracy of a few millimeters . Using this information , scientists will be able to further test various aspects of gravity : do the Earth and the Moon react the same to gravity despite their different compositions ? Does the energy content of the Earth and the Moon react to gravity in the same way as Einstein predicts ? In general , does Einstein 's General Relativity correctly predict the motion of the Moon , or are new theories required ?   The APOLLO collaboration built their apparatus on the 3.5 meter telescope at Apache Point in southern New Mexico . By using a large telescope at a site with good atmospheric `` seeing '' , the APOLLO collaboration gets much stronger reflections than any existing facilities . ( Strong is a relative term here -- APOLLO records approximately one returned laser photon per pulse , as opposed to the roughly 0.01 photon-per-pulse average experienced by previous LLR facilities . ) The stronger return signal from APOLLO translates to much more accurate measurements .

neg: Ronald Evans (astronaut) Ronald Ellwin `` Ron '' Evans Jr. ( November 10 , 1933 -- April 7 , 1990 ) , ( Capt , USN ) , was an American naval officer and aviator , electrical engineer , aeronautical engineer , and NASA astronaut , also one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon .   Evans was selected as an astronaut by NASA as part of Astronaut Group 5 in 1966 and made his first and only flight into space as Command Module Pilot aboard Apollo 17 in 1972 , the last manned mission to the Moon to date , with Commander Eugene Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt . During the flight , he orbited the Moon as his two crewmates descended to the surface . Consequently , he is the last person to orbit the Moon alone and holds the record for the longest lunar orbit by a human at 148 hours . In 1975 Evans served as backup Command Module Pilot for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission .

neg: NASA Space Flight Medal The NASA Space Flight Medal is a decoration of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . According to its statutes , it is awarded `` for significant achievement or service during individual participation as a civilian or military astronaut , pilot , mission specialist , payload specialist , or other space flight participant in a space flight mission . '' In practice , the medal is bestowed upon any astronaut ( US or foreign ) who flies aboard a United States space mission , and typically every subsequent flight is honored with an additional award .   Multiple awards of the decoration are annotated either by award stars or oak leaf clusters ( depending on the civilian or military status of the recipient and , if military , the branch of service ) . The NASA Space Flight Medal is also authorized for wear on active uniforms of the United States military and is worn after all military decorations .   For those who perform an act of gallantry or heroic action while engaged in a U.S. space mission , NASA also presents an award known as the Congressional Space Medal of Honor . This is separate award from the Medal of Honor which is a U.S. military decoration for extreme bravery .

neg: Explorer 1 Explorer 1 was the first satellite of the United States , launched as part of its participation in the International Geophysical Year . The mission followed the first two satellites the previous year ; the Soviet Union 's Sputnik 1 and 2 , beginning the Cold War Space Race between the two nations .   Explorer 1 was launched on January 31 , 1958 at 22:48 Eastern Time ( equal to February 1 , 03:48 UTC ) atop the first Juno booster from LC-26 at the Cape Canaveral Missile Annex , Florida . It was the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation belt , returning data until its batteries were exhausted after nearly four months . It remained in orbit until 1970 , and has been followed by more than 90 scientific spacecraft in the Explorer series .   Explorer 1 was given Satellite Catalog Number 4 , and the Harvard designation 1958 Alpha 1 , the forerunner to the modern International Designator .


query: The Avengers (2012 film) features only actors born in the 1940s.

pos: The Avengers (2012 film) Marvel 's The Avengers ( classified under the name Marvel Avengers Assemble in the United Kingdom and Ireland ) , or simply The Avengers , is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sixth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. , Chris Evans , Mark Ruffalo , Chris Hemsworth , Scarlett Johansson , Jeremy Renner , Tom Hiddleston , Clark Gregg , Cobie Smulders , Stellan Skarsgård , and Samuel L. Jackson . In the film , Nick Fury , director of the peacekeeping organization S.H.I.E.L.D. , recruits Iron Man , Captain America , the Hulk , and Thor to form a team that must stop Thor 's brother Loki from subjugating Earth .   The film 's development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005 . After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008 , Marvel announced that The Avengers would be released in July 2011 . With the signing of Johansson in March 2009 , the film was pushed back for a 2012 release . Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the original screenplay by Zak Penn. . Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque , New Mexico , before moving to Cleveland , Ohio , in August and New York City in September . The film was converted to 3D in post-production .   The Avengers premiered on April 11 , 2012 , at Hollywood 's El Capitan Theatre and was released theatrically in the United States on May 4 , 2012 . The film received positive reviews from critics , as well as numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award and BAFTA nominations for achievements in visual effects . It has set or tied numerous box office records , including the biggest opening weekend in North America . The Avengers grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide , and became the third-highest-grossing film during its theatrical run -- as well as the first Marvel production to generate $ 1 billion in ticket sales . The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on September 25 , 2012 . A sequel , titled Avengers : Age of Ultron , was released on May 1 , 2015 , while two additional sequels , Avengers : Infinity War and an untitled sequel , are currently in development , with Infinity War scheduled for a May 4 , 2018 release date , and its sequel scheduled to be released on May 3 , 2019 .

pos: Chris Evans (actor) Christopher Robert Evans ( born June 13 , 1981 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . Evans is known for his superhero roles as the Marvel Comics characters Captain America in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and the Human Torch in Fantastic Four and its 2007 sequel .   He began his career on the 2000 television series Opposite Sex , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Not Another Teen Movie , Sunshine , Scott Pilgrim vs. the World , Snowpiercer and Gifted . In 2014 , Evans made his directorial debut with the drama film Before We Go , in which he also starred .

neg: George Henare George Winiata Henare ( born 11 September 1945 ) is a New Zealand actor with a career spanning 50 years .

neg: Tyrone Power Sr Frederick Tyrone Edmond Power , Jr. ( 2 May 1869 -- 23 December 1931 ) was an English-born American stage and screen actor , who acted under the name Tyrone Power . He is now usually referred to as Tyrone Power Sr to distinguish him from his son , actor Tyrone Power .

neg: Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 .   In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War .   In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .

neg: The Young Mr Pitt The Young Mr. Pitt is a 1942 British biographical film of the life of William Pitt the Younger and in particular his struggle against revolutionary France and Napoleon . It was directed by Carol Reed and stars Robert Donat , Robert Morley and John Mills . Made in black-and-white , it was produced by Edward Black and Maurice Ostrer for the British subsidiary of 20th Century Fox .   It was filmed as the Second World War was raging . Similar parallels with the struggle against Hitler 's Germany were implied in That Hamilton Woman ( aka Lady Hamilton , 1941 ) , made by Alexander Korda in the United States with Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh in the leads .

neg: George Leech (actor) George Leech ( 6 December 1921 -- 17 June 2012 ) was a British film actor and stunt performer who was notable for his work on eleven James Bond films .   Leech was born in London and left school at 14 . He was a boxer who won the ABA National Championships when he was 15 as a welterweight and he joined the Royal Navy in 1943 .   His first job in movies was performing a stunt involving falling down steps doubling for James Mason in Odd Man Out ( 1947 ) .  He was notable for his contributions to James Bond films from 1962 to 1985 as a stunt performer and in small acting roles ( usually as a henchman ) including : Dr. No ( 1962 ) , Goldfinger ( 1964 ) , Thunderball ( 1965 ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( 1969 ) , For Your Eyes Only ( 1981 ) , and A View to a Kill ( 1985 ) . He also worked on The Guns of Navarone , Chitty Chitty Bang Bang , Kelly 's Heroes , The Eagle Has Landed and Revenge of the Pink Panther .   He married in 1952 . One of his two daughters Wendy Leech became one of the first female stunt performers and married the stuntman Vic Armstrong . Leech died at age 90 in Cardiff .

neg: The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .

neg: William Simons William Simons ( born 17 November 1940 ) is a Welsh born actor best known for his role as PC Alf Ventress in Heartbeat a role he played for 18 years from 1992 -- 2010 .

neg: Avengers vs. X-Men Avengers vs. X-Men ( abbreviated AvX and AvsX ) is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The event , consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books , involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men . The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012 , and features a storyline by Jason Aaron , Brian Michael Bendis , Ed Brubaker , Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction , with a rotating team of artists including John Romita , Jr. , Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert .   The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series Avengers : X-Sanction by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and Avengers vs. X-Men # 0 . Avengers vs. X-Men also ties into the limited series AVX : VS , described as `` the fight book '' which expands upon many of the one-on-one battles featured in the main series , the digital series ; Avengers vs. X-Men : Infinite , and into a number of ongoing series including Avengers , Avengers Academy , New Avengers , Secret Avengers , Uncanny X-Men , Wolverine and the X-Men and X-Men : Legacy . The event was succeeded by the limited series AvX : Consequences .   Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , Avengers vs. X-Men was a commercial success that topped the comic-book sales charts from April to October 2012 . The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quos of the Marvel Universe presented in the company 's Marvel NOW ! relaunch initiative .

neg: Donald Sumpter Donald Sumpter ( born 13 February 1943 ) is an English actor , known for his work in film and television since the mid-1960s .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Fred Aldrich Fred Aldrich ( December 23 , 1904 - January 25 , 1979 ) was an American character actor of both film and television . He would break into the film industry in 1939 , appearing in two films that year in small roles : My Son Is Guilty , and the notable , Confessions of a Nazi Spy , which starred Edward G. Robinson and George Sanders . In the course of his thirty-year career he would appear in over 170 films , in small and bit roles . With the advent of television , Aldrich would work in that medium as well , making his first small screen appearance on I Love Lucy , on which he would appear multiple times over the life of the series .   Over the course of his film career he would appear in such notable films as : Kitty Foyle ( 1940 ) , starring Ginger Rogers and Dennis Morgan ; 1945 's The Picture of Dorian Gray , starring George Sanders ; Tycoon ( 1947 ) , starring John Wayne and Laraine Day ; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court , with Bing Crosby and Rhonda Fleming ; Young Man with a Horn , starring Kirk Douglas , Lauren Bacall , and Doris Day ; the Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn vehicle , Pat and Mike ( 1952 ) ; again with Paul Newman in 1956 's Somebody Up There Likes Me ; The Last Angry Man , starring Paul Muni ; with Rock Hudson and Doris Day in Lover Come Back ( 1961 ) ; the spy spoof , Our Man Flint ( 1966 ) , starring James Coburn ; and 1967 's A Big Hand for the Little Lady , starring Henry Fonda , Joanne Woodward , and Jason Robards .   His television credits include appearances on such shows as The Rifleman , Have Gun - Will Travel , Bat Masterson , The Untouchables , Gunsmoke , Rawhide , and Perry Mason . Aldrich died on January 25 , 1979 .

neg: Mandrake (The Avengers) Mandrake is the eighteenth episode of the third series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers , starring Patrick Macnee and Honor Blackman . It originally aired on ABC on 25 January 1964 . The episode was directed by Bill Bain and written by Roger Marshall .

neg: Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .

neg: Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) .   In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) .   Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .

neg: Keith Buckley (actor) Keith Buckley ( born 7 April 1941 in Huddersfield , West Riding of Yorkshire , England ) is a British actor who has mostly appeared on television and films since 1958 .  Showed his talent for acting in school plays at Huddersfield College Grammar School .  Buckley has made many appearances in film and television appearing in The Avengers and Randall and Hopkirk ( Deceased ) in the 1960s and The New Avengers in the 1970s .

neg: Sean Scanlan Sean Scanlan ( 18 August 1948 -- 17 April 2017 ) was a Scottish actor . He is known primarily for his many television and stage roles .

neg: Dance with Death (The Avengers) Dance with Death is the twelfth episode of the first series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers , starring Ian Hendry and Patrick Macnee and guest starring Caroline Blakiston , Angela Douglas and Geoffrey Palmer . It originally aired on ABC on 15 April 1961 . The episode is considered to be lost . The episode was directed by Don Leaver , designed by James Goddard , and written by Peter Ling and Sheilah Ward .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: David Yelland (actor) David William Yelland ( born 1947 ) is an English film , stage and television actor .

neg: Immortal Clay Immortal Clay is the sixteenth episode of the second series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers , starring Patrick Macnee and Honor Blackman . It originally aired on ABC on 13 January 1963 . The episode was directed by Richmond Harding and written by James Mitchell .


query: Aneurin Barnard refused to ever be a stage actor.

pos: Aneurin Barnard Aneurin Barnard ( born 8 May 1987 ) is a Welsh stage and screen actor . He is best known for his roles as Davey in Hunky Dory , Claude in The Truth About Emanuel , Robert `` Bobby '' Willis Jr. in Cilla and King Richard III in The White Queen .

neg: John Justin John Justin ( 24 November 1917 -- 29 November 2002 ) was a British stage and film actor .   John Justinian de Ledesma was born in London , England , the son of a well-off Argentine rancher . Though he grew up on his father 's ranch , he was educated at Bryanston School in Bryanston , Dorset . He developed an interest in flying and became a qualified pilot at the age of 12 , though he was not allowed to fly solo at the time because of his age .   He became interested in acting at a young age . By the age of 16 , he had joined the Plymouth Repertory . In 1937 , he briefly trained with the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art , but did not like it and soon joined the repertory company of John Gielgud . In 1938 , he auditioned for and won the role for which he is perhaps best remembered , Ahmad in the 1940 version of The Thief of Bagdad , opposite Sabu .   The Second World War broke out during the film 's production . After completing the picture , Justin joined the Royal Air Force , serving as a test pilot and flying instructor . He also worked on two films , The Gentle Sex ( 1943 ) with Leslie Howard , and Journey Together ( 1944 ) , an RAF feature film with a cast led by Richard Attenborough , Jack Watling and David Tomlinson ; with a special appearance by the American film star , Edward G. Robinson . Legendary silent film star Bessie Love also appeared in the cast .   With the war 's end , Justin returned to acting . He made more films , such as David Lean 's The Sound Barrier ( 1952 ) , Island in the Sun ( 1957 ) and Lisztomania ( 1975 ) , but his strong preference was for the stage . He became a member of the Old Vic company in 1959 . He made his Broadway debut in 1960 in the play Little Moon of Alban . In 1979 , he played the ghoulish lover in the BBC 's dramatisation of Le Fanu 's Strange Incident in the Life of Schalcken the Painter , one of its Christmas ghost stories .   In 1968 , he played Thorin Oakenshield in the BBC Radio adaptation of The Hobbit .   Justin was married three times , first to dancer and choreographer Pola Nirenska . His second marriage , to actress Barbara Murray , lasted from 1952 to 1964 ; they had three daughters . From 1970 to his death in 2002 , he was married to Alison McMurdo .

neg: Roger Allam Roger William Allam ( born 26 October 1953 ) is an English actor , known primarily for his stage career , although he has performed in film , television and radio .   He has played Inspector Javert in the original London production of the stage musical Les Misérables , Douglas Richardson in the award-winning radio series Cabin Pressure , and DI Fred Thursday in the TV series Endeavour . He is also known for his roles as Illyrio Mopatis in the HBO series Game of Thrones and as Peter Mannion MP in The Thick Of It .

neg: L'Affaire Dumont L'Affaire Dumont is a Canadian drama film , released in 2012 . Written by Danielle Dansereau and directed by Daniel `` Podz '' Grou , the film stars Marc-André Grondin as Michel Dumont , a divorced young father of two who is accused of a sexual assault he did not commit . The film 's cast also includes Geneviève Brouillette , Patrick Hivon and Marilyn Castonguay .   The film garnered seven Canadian Screen Awards nominations at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Grondin ) , Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Castonguay ) , Best Art Direction and Production Design ( André Guimond ) , Best Editing ( Valérie Héroux ) , Best Sound Editing ( Pierre-Jules Audet , Michelle Cloutier , Thierry Bourgault D'Amico , Nathalie Fleurant and Cédrick Marin ) and Best Make-Up ( Marlène Rouleau and André Duval ) .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Roger Bennett (playwright) Roger Bennett ( 1948 -- 1997 ) was an Arrernte man from Central Australia , an actor , and a playwright . His best known works are Up the Ladder and Funerals and Circuses .   His works dealt with his life experiences , particularly the travelling boxing tents , where his father , Elley Bennett was a boxing champion during the 1940s and 1950s . Roger himself had also fought in the travelling tents .   Up the Ladder was first performed at the Adelaide Fringe Festival in 1990 , in a production directed by Bob Maza . The play subsequently moved to Melbourne , 1995 , for a long stint at the Melbourne Workers Theatre and came to Sydney in 1997 for the Festival of the Dreaming . According to the Sydney Morning Herald ,  Up the Ladder takes the audience right inside the spangled , sweaty , tatty and deceptive world of the travelling sideshow carnival , from tawdry fake snake charmers to the sawdust of the boxing ring . -LSB- co-director -RSB- Enoch says the Aboriginal culture comes through in the play 's physicality , mocking humour and the sparse nature of the dialogue . Critics have hailed it as a `` feel-good show '' , `` full of fun and good humour '' .  The fact that the play emphasizes positive aspects of the Aboriginal experience in travelling shows led at least one reviewer to criticize it as apolitical . Wesley Enoch `` however argues that any play about Aboriginal people is political , '' stating that  Having black people on stage punching the shit out of each other is political . But this is not agit prop . I think we are entering into a phase - culturally , artistically , politically - where it is actually about the nuance of racism .   In 2003 , the play travelled to Tokyo . Staged by the Rakutendan Theatre Company and directed by Enoch ( Ilbijerri Theatre Cooperative ) , the play used many Japanese actors .   In Funerals and Circuses , first performed at the Adelaide Festival in 1992 , Bennett dealt with issues of racism and inter-racial relationships in a small , racially tense town in South Australia . The music of Paul Kelly was used in this production .   Bennett was an actor as well as a playwright . He served as writer in residence at the Araluen Centre for Arts and Entertainment in Alice Springs and at Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute in Adelaide .   Bennett 's works are often studied in Australian high schools , including the New South Wales Higher School Certificate , for the issues they tackle .

neg: David Kramer (singer) David Kramer ( born 27 June 1951 ) is a South African singer , songwriter , playwright and director , most notable for his musicals about the Cape Coloured communities , and for his early opposition to apartheid .

neg: Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage .   Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .

neg: Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) .   In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) .   Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .

neg: Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld) `` Theatre of Cruelty '' is a short Discworld story by Terry Pratchett written in 1993 . The name derives from a concept of Antonin Artaud ( Theatre of Cruelty ) .   It was originally written for W. H. Smith Bookcase magazine and was then slightly modified and extended , being published again in the programme of the OryCon 15 convention , and then again in The Wizards of Odd , a compilation of fantasy short stories .   It has since been made available on the Internet along with dozens of translations by fans , with Pratchett having stated , `` I do n't want to see it distributed in print anywhere but do n't mind people downloading it for their own enjoyment . ''   The story involves both the Ankh-Morpork City Watch and a parallel of Punch and Judy .   A murder has been committed : a street entertainer , found apparently battered to death with a very small blunt object , on him bite marks from a very small crocodile . Investigating the incident in his typically direct manner , Carrot Ironfoundersson discovers the death was an accident , the man having choked on a swazzle . It emerges that the entertainer had invented a parallel , live-action version of Punch and Judy , using -- and abusing -- a troupe of gnomes as the live cast . Carrot asserts that such brutal theatre could never find favour in Ankh-Morpork : `` That 's not the way to do it '' .

neg: Roman Theatre of Orange The Roman Theatre of Orange ( French : Théâtre antique d'Orange ) is a Roman theatre in Orange , Vaucluse , France . It was built early in the 1st century AD . The structure is owned by the municipality of Orange and is the home of the summer opera festival , the Chorégies d'Orange .   It is one of the best preserved of all Roman theatres , and served the Roman colony of Arausio ( or , more specifically , Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio : `` the Julian colony of Arausio established by the soldiers of the second legion '' ) which was founded in 40 BC . Playing a major role in the life of the citizens , who spent a large part of their free time there , the theatre was seen by the Roman authorities not only as a means of spreading Roman culture to the colonies , but also as a way of distracting them from all political activities .   Mime , pantomime , poetry readings and the `` attelana '' ( a kind of farce rather like the commedia dell ` arte ) was the dominant form of entertainment , much of which lasted all day . For the common people , who were fond of spectacular effects , magnificent stage sets became very important , as was the use of stage machinery . The entertainment offered was open to all and free of charge .   As the Western Roman Empire declined during the 4th century , by which time Christianity had become the official religion , the theatre was closed by official edict in AD 391 , since the Church opposed what it regarded as uncivilized spectacles . After that , the theatre was abandoned completely . It was probably pillaged by the Visigoths in 412 , and like most Roman buildings was certainly stripped of its better stone over the centuries for reuse . It was used as a defensive post in the Middle Ages . During the 16th-century religious wars , it became a refuge for the townspeople .

neg: New York Competition of Dramatic Arts The New York Competition of Dramatic Arts ( NYCODA ) is an Annual Performance Festival and Competition for actors , located in New York City .   NYCODA , established in the spring of 2008 , is becoming known for its appeal to both amateur and professional actors , but with a wider appeal to other areas of the performing arts . The company flew below the radar for a while , but is fast becoming known on the New York Performance Arts scene , and being identified as uniquely Brooklyn . In fact , many are calling it a Brooklyn movement of performance artists and a haven for the aspiring actor .   NYCODA was established as an annual performance festival and competition , where actors can compete in different genres , such as Shakespearean Drama , Dramatic Duologue , Humorous Verse and Open Reading . Actors compete in these categories , with the Open Reading category a favorite , because the actor has freedom to choose what to perform . In fact , many actors write and perform their own work in this category .   The NYCODA competition is typically held in the Fall of each year in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . Contestants submit samples of their performances , typically monologues , via the company 's website . The contestants are chosen months in advance , and are notified by the Summer preceding the Fall event . The festival is a one-day event and category winners are chosen at the end of the night and presented with some of the most sought after awards in the industry , with the biggest award , The NYCODA Actor Award going to the overall winner of the festival . The event is recorded for television purposes .   While the NYCODA festival primarily features competing actors , many other performance artists are included . Dancers , singers and other performers help add to the rich and complex texture of the event , and now the festival is being called the Sundance Festival of Brooklyn and the buzz is already alive in the community of aspiring actors , who see the festival and competition as another outlet to have their skills recognized and an opportunity to perform live on stage in front of a large audience .   Many noteworthy organizations are already in line to endorse the NYCODA movement , and to applaud it as the festival for which New York has long waited . The company has begun to develop an international outlook and has begun partnering with international agencies , in Africa and Europe . Through their international program , NYCODA welcomes actors and performance artists from all over the country and all over the world , and some NYCODA contestants have the opportunity to perform internationally as well .

neg: Ben Travers Ben Travers CBE AFC ( 12 November 1886 -- 18 December 1980 ) was an English writer . His output includes more than twenty plays , thirty screenplays , five novels , and three volumes of memoirs . He is best remembered for his long-running series of farces first staged in the 1920s and 1930s at the Aldwych Theatre . Many of these were made into films and later television productions .   After working for some years in his family 's wholesale grocery business , which he detested , Travers was given a job by the publisher John Lane in 1911 . After service as a pilot in the First World War , he began to write novels and plays . He turned his 1921 novel , The Dippers , into a play that was first produced in the West End in 1922 . His big break came in 1925 , when the actor-manager Tom Walls bought the performing rights to his play A Cuckoo in the Nest , which ran for more than a year at the Aldwych . He followed this success with eight more farces for Walls and his team ; the last in the series closed in 1933 . Most of the farces were adapted for film in the 1930s and 1940s , with Travers writing the screenplays for eight of them .   After the Aldwych series came to a close , in 1935 Travers wrote a serious play with a religious theme . It was unsuccessful , and he returned to comedy . Of his later farces only one , Banana Ridge ( 1938 ) , rivalled the runs of his 1920s hits ; it was filmed in 1942 . During the Second World War Travers served in the Royal Air Force , working in intelligence , and later served at the Ministry of Information , while producing two well-received plays .   After the war Travers 's output declined ; he had a long fallow period after the death of his wife in 1951 , although he collaborated on a few revivals and adaptations of his earlier work . He returned to playwriting in 1968 . He was inspired to write a new comedy in the early 1970s after the abolition of theatre censorship in Britain permitted him to write without evasion about sexual activities , one of his favourite topics . The resulting play , The Bed Before Yesterday ( 1975 ) , presented when he was 89 , was the longest-running of all his stage works , easily outplaying any of his Aldwych farces .

neg: Torin Thatcher Torin Thatcher ( 15 January 1905 -- 4 March 1981 ) was an English actor born in Bombay , British India , to English parents Torin James Blair Thatcher , a police officer , by his wife Edith Rachel , a voice and piano teacher , younger daughter of the Hon. Justice Sir Herbert Batty , a puisne judge of the High Court of Bombay . He was noted for his flashy portrayals of screen villains .   He was educated in Britain at Bedford School and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art . He worked as a schoolmaster before first appearing on the London stage in 1927 and then entering British films in 1934 . He appeared in the 1937 Old Vic stage production of Hamlet , in which Laurence Olivier made his first appearance in the title role , opposite Vivien Leigh as Ophelia . During the Second World War , he served with the Royal Artillery and was demobilised with the rank of lieutenant colonel .   Thatcher appeared in classic British films of the late 1930s and 1940s , including Major Barbara ( 1941 ) and Great Expectations ( 1946 ) , in which he played Bentley Drummle . He moved to Hollywood in the 1950s . He was constantly in demand , invariably lending his looming figure and baleful countenance to sinister or stern roles in popular costume thrillers such as The Crimson Pirate ( 1952 ) , Blackbeard the Pirate ( 1952 ) , The Robe ( 1953 ) ( as the disapproving father of Marcellus ) , The Black Shield of Falworth ( 1954 ) , Helen of Troy ( 1956 ) , Darby 's Rangers ( 1958 ) and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad ( 1958 ) . He also appeared in the Marlon Brando and Trevor Howard 1962 remake of Mutiny on the Bounty .   He returned to the stage quite frequently , notably on Broadway , in such esteemed productions as Edward , My Son ( 1948 ) , That Lady ( 1949 ) and Billy Budd ( 1951 ) . In 1959 , he portrayed Captain Keller in the award-winning play The Miracle Worker with Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke . All of these plays were filmed , but Thatcher did not appear in the film versions .   Also a steady fixture on television , he appeared in such made-for-TV films as adaptations of A.J. Cronin 's Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) and The Citadel ( 1960 ) , Bonanza ( 1961 ) , and Brenda Starr ( 1976 ) . He also played the title role in a Philco Television Playhouse version of Othello and acted in a CBS production of Beyond This Place ( 1957 ) . He appeared in programmes such as The Real McCoys , Thriller , Gunsmoke , Perry Mason , Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea , Daniel Boone and Mission : Impossible . He was cast as the sly space trader in an episode of Lost in Space . Thatcher , if not for his distinguished career , has become recognised by several generations of fans of Star Trek : The Original Series from his performance as Marplon , secretly a member of the resistance in the episode `` The Return of the Archons '' .   Thatcher died of cancer on 4 March 1981 , in Thousand Oaks , California , USA .

neg: Karl Friedrich Abt Karl Friedrich Abt ( 1743 , in Stuttgart -- 20 November 1783 , in Bremen ) was an early German actor .   Abt began acting in 1766 , mostly in southern and south-west Germany . In Biberach , he abducted his wife Felicitas from a reputable family which refused to give her away . She was born in 1746 in Biberach , and gained a reputation as an excellent actress and as the first German actress which played the Hamlet .   Abt ventured through Saxony and Thuringia , finally opening up a stage in Den Haag with the support of the Court and the high society on 16 October 1772 with the intention to introduce the young German theatre to the Netherlands . He greatly contributed to popularise the German dramatic literature there . On his stage , Abt played the first translations of Christian Felix Weiße 's Romeo and Juliet and Lessing 's Emilia Galotti .   After a stay in Düsseldorf , the historical recordings find Abt again in 1773 , travelling in Leiden where he had built a transportable wooden theatre . With this stage he continued travelling to 's - Hertogenbosch , Utrecht , Kleve , Nijmegen and finally again to Den Haag where he was ruined by a local competitor . He travelled on to Haarlem where he finds support from the Friends of the Arts . In Amsterdam his performance was prohibited by the authorities . Abt visited several villages in North Holland , finally Diemer-Meer near Amsterdam where he became very popular .   A severe illness in his family and the theatre company put an end to his luck and forced him to sell the theatre to private investors . Abt himself became artistic supervisor . In 1776 however also this company went bankrupt . He recruited a new troupe and settled in Münster , visiting Göttingen , Hanover , Bremen and other towns in the wider area . He lost the direction of the troupe in 1780 , hired a new troupe in 1781 and continued travelling the area . Abt died in Bremen in 1783 .

neg: The Refusal `` The Refusal '' ( German : `` Die Abweisung '' ) is a short story by Franz Kafka . Written in the autumn of 1920 , it was not published in Kafka 's lifetime .   The story involves the narration of a young boy living in a small town that is fairly distanced from its capital . The boy reflects on how the town 's inhabitants humbly submit to orders issued by the capital and are led by the tax-collector , a man with the rank of colonel . The boy goes into great detail describing the soldiers that uphold the tax-collector 's law , and how they appear inhuman to the public and seem unable to speak their language . In times of crisis , the town always appeals to the colonel for government aid , and if it is anything serious , it is always refused . The final paragraph describes the narrator 's observation that it is due to this situation that ' ... young people roughly between seventeen and twenty . ' begin to feel discontent and find revolutionary ideas because they are incapable of foreseeing the consequences .

neg: Ralph Richardson Sir Ralph David Richardson ( 19 December 1902 -- 10 October 1983 ) was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He worked in films throughout most of his career , and played more than sixty cinema roles . From an artistic but not theatrical background , Richardson had had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor . He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre . In 1931 he joined the Old Vic , playing mostly Shakespearean roles . He led the company the following season , succeeding Gielgud , who had taught him much about stage technique . After he left the company , a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway .   In the 1940s , together with Olivier and John Burrell , Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company . There , his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff . He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946 , before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic , leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947 . In the 1950s , in the West End and occasionally on tour , Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress , Home at Seven , and Three Sisters . He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty . He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall 's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud . He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics , preferring character parts in old and new plays .   Richardson 's film career began as an extra in 1931 . He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come ( 1936 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1962 ) and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . He received nominations and awards in the UK , Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death . Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for The Heiress ( 1949 ) and again ( posthumously ) for his final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes ( 1984 ) .   Throughout his career , and increasingly in later years , Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage . He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world , and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical .

neg: Bergie Bergie is a term used for a subsection of homeless people in Cape Town , South Africa . The word originates from the Afrikaans berg meaning `` mountain '' -- the term originally referred to the homeless people who sheltered in the forests of the slopes of Table Mountain . The synonymous term stroller typically refers to street children living a bergie lifestyle .   They are vagrants and scavengers , sometimes begging , performing odd jobs or working as informal car guards for tips . Most of them are Cape Coloureds who speak Afrikaans mixed with a few English terms , and are known for their sense of humour , vulgar language and alcohol consumption .   Their lifestyle is portrayed in the 1987 novel The Strollers by Lesley Beake , the 1998 documentary film Pavement Aristocrats : The Bergies of Cape Town by François Verster , and the play Suip ! , a black comedy co-written and directed by Heinrich Reisenhofer .

neg: The Round The Round was a theatre-in-the-round in the Ouseburn Valley , Newcastle upon Tyne , England . The region 's first theatre-in-the-round , it specialised in theatre for children and young people . The Round opened in September 2007 , and was home to the Bruvvers Theatre Company .   The building in which The Round was housed is a former flax mill designed by John Dobson in 1848 . The 180-seat theatre slotted behind a listed facade in a courtyard space between warehouses on Lime Street .   The Round was conceived by the Bruvvers Theatre Company artistic director Mike Mould who bought the derelict Cluny building in 1982 with the intention of creating a theatre within its walls . In 2005 , Mould sent a letter to his friends asking each to donate # 1 to help fund the cost of building the theatre . Bruvvers director and television scriptwriter Julie Blackie suggested alternative methods of fundraising .   The theatre had one wall with a fixed block of 40 seats and three balconies , with the remaining seats moveable according to the needs of each production According to the company , there was `` one main route onto the stage for the performers , but also a few secret passages to add an element of surprise . ''   The company filed for voluntary liquidation in May 2008 , just eight months after its launch . The Round Theatre had been built with capital funding from a consortium of parties in the Ouseburn district of Newcastle but had failed to secure funding for programming or administrative costs . Directors Jeannie Adams and Julie Blackie decided to cease trading and begin liquidation proceedings . Average houses of just 52 % fell far short of the 70 % capacity the company had budgeted to break even .

neg: Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois Auguste Anicet , later Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois ( 25 December 1806 -- 12 January 1871 ) was a French dramatist . He was born in Paris .   The first play to bear his name is L'Ami et le mari , ou le Nouvel Amphitryon , a vaudeville in one act . It was produced in 1825 , when the author was still in his teens .   Over the course of his career he was credited in the writing of nearly 200 plays , as many as ten a year . However the nature of theatrical collaboration at this time was such that the extent of his contribution to any given play is debatable . In fact it is known that he assisted Alexandre Dumas in the writing of several plays ( Térésa , Angèle , Le Mari de la Veuve , La Vénitienne ) , sometimes without acknowledgement . He is the subject of an anecdote in Dumas 's `` Comment je devins auteur dramatique '' ( `` How I became a Dramatist '' ) , published in 1833 in Revue des Deux Mondes . Other writers with whom he worked were Philippe Dumanoir , Julien de Mallian , Victor Ducange , Francis Cornu , Lockroy , Édouard Brisebarre , Michel Masson and Paul Féval . One of his plays was adapted for the English stage as The Black Doctor ( 1846 ) , a vehicle for Ira Aldridge .   Very little is known of his life beyond a connection to the military . Married , with one daughter , he was named Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur on 10 December 1849 . He died on 12 January 1871 at Pau , Pyrénées-Atlantiques ( a fortnight before the end of the Siege of Paris ) and was buried in division 4 of Père-Lachaise .

neg: Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .


query: The Citadelle Laferrière is approximately 5 miles uphill from the town of Milot.

pos: Citadelle Laferrière The Citadelle Laferrière or , Citadelle Henry Christophe , or simply the Citadelle ( Citadel ) , is a large mountaintop fortress in Nord , Haiti , located on top of the mountain Bonnet a L'Eveque , approximately 17 mi south of the city of Cap-Haïtien , 10 mi southwest of the Three Bays Protected Area , and 5 mi uphill from the town of Milot . It is one of the largest fortresses in the Americas and was designated by the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) as a World Heritage Site in 1982 -- along with the nearby Sans-Souci Palace . The mountaintop fortress has itself become an icon of Haiti . The Citadel was built by Henri Christophe , a key leader during the Haitian slave rebellion ( 1791 -- 1804 ) , after Haiti gained independence from France at the beginning of the 19th century .

neg: Magnetic Hill (Moncton) The Magnetic Hill is an example of a gravity hill , a type of optical illusion created by rising and descending terrain . It is located at the northwestern edge ( In the Magnetic Hill Area ) of the city of Moncton in the Canadian province of New Brunswick .   The general area is at the base of a ridge named `` Lutes Mountain '' , which rises several hundred feet above the surrounding Petitcodiac River valley .

neg: Mount Royal, Quebec Mount Royal ( officially , Town of Mount Royal , abbreviated TMR ) is an affluent on-island suburban town located on the northwest side of the eponymous Mount Royal , north of Downtown Montreal , on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is completely surrounded by Montreal . The population was 19,503 as of the Canada 2011 Census . In 2008 , most of the Town of Mount Royal was designated a National Historic Site of Canada , as a '' -LSB- remarkable -RSB- synthesis of urban renewal movements of the early 20th century , reflecting the influence of the City Beautiful , Garden City and Garden Suburb movements '' . The town celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2012 .

neg: Milo, Alberta Milo is a village in Vulcan County , Alberta , Canada . It is located on Highway 542 , approximately 127 km southeast of the City of Calgary and 72 km east of the Town of High River . Milo is mainly an agricultural service community .

neg: Camp Colt, Pennsylvania Camp Colt was a military installation near Gettysburg , Pennsylvania used for Tank Corps recruit training prior to deployment in World War I . The camp used the Gettysburg Battlefield site of the previous Great Reunion of 1913 and the preceding 1917 World War I recruit training camp for U. S. troops along the Round Top Branch .   Camp Colt was established in 1917 , and opened at Gettysburg National Military Park in March , 1918 as the first post to train soldiers to use tanks during World War I . The main section of the camp was in the fields made famous 55 years before , by Pickett 's Charge . The commander of Camp Colt was Captain Dwight D. Eisenhower . Eisenhower would earn the rank of Major , and the Distinguished Service Medal for his efforts at Camp Colt , and he and his wife , Mamie , fell in love with the area . After `` they '' retired from the military , the Eisenhowers made their home near Gettysburg , west of Seminary Ridge

neg: Fort Médoc Fort Médoc is a military fort built by Vauban , nearby Cussac-Fort-Médoc , in Gironde , Aquitane , France .   With the citadel of Blaye , its city walls and the Fort Paté , the Fort Médoc was listed in 2008 as UNESCO World Heritage Sites , as part of the `` Fortifications of Vauban '' group .   Category : Châteaux in Gironde  Category : Monuments historiques of Gironde  Category : Vauban fortifications in France

neg: Mount Kholodilnik Kholodilnik Mountain ( гора́ Холоди́льник or со́пка Холодильник lit . `` Mt. Refrigerator '' ) , is a mountain in eastern Russia . It is located in Primorsky Krai , and is in the highest peak within the city of Vladivostok .   Mount Kholodilnik ( height 257.9 , was-Mount Myravyov-Amursky ) is the highest point in Vladivostok . Height is 297 meters . There are fortifications : Fort Count Muravyov - Amur Vladivostok fortress , five lettered fortress batteries and Soviet battery № 198 '' Kholodilnik '' . Currently , some fortifications are abandoned , others are on the territory of the military unit .   Tourists want to visit this place to see the Soviet naval battery sample number 198 1935 years and four 130 - mm gun B - 13-3s . There are still buildings and cellars of the former fort of Major-General Count Nikolai Muravyov - Amursky . Many fortifications have long been abandoned , but some of them are now used by the military unit , which is located almost at the top of the mountain .   On the eastern slope of the hill there are many places for a picnic .   There is a spring of pure water .   Geologically the hills to the south of Vladivostok are the Sikhote-Alin .   Slopes on the mountain are used for the open championship of the Far East for downhill and cross-country .   It is also used by mountain paragliders .   So the rules are elements of air , the result of magical work on the hill Fridge is always weather changing .   Therefore , if the weather in city changes completely unexpected , for example suddenly among of the blue sky clouds are formed and it begins to rain , most likely the reason for that is in the magical effect on a hill Fridge .   Or , conversely , when the whole sky is overcast over the city , citizens can see in the sky a large circle of clear sky over the hill forts Refrigerator - It is an evidence of that at this moment being magical work is .   Entrance to the mountain , oddly enough , is under water . Every 3 years products are imported there in the event of war , then they `` close '' the entrance to this place . They say that the food will last for a whole year to feed the city of Vladivostok .   Mount Refrigerator is protected with naval vessels .

neg: Cavalier (fortification) A cavalier is a fortification which is built within a larger fortification , and which is higher than the rest of the work . It usually consists of a raised platform within a fort or bastion , so as to be able to fire over the main parapet without interfering with the fire of the latter . Through the use of cavaliers , a greater volume of fire can be obtained , but its great height also makes it an easy target for a besieger 's guns .   There are two types of cavaliers :  Common cavalier -- a raised gun platform without any additional defensive features  Defensible cavalier -- a raised gun platform surrounded by a ditch . If the ditch cuts across the bastion 's terreplein and is supported by cuts , the cavalier can also be considered as a retrenchment .

neg: Dainfern Dainfern is a golfing estate in Johannesburg , South Africa . It is located in Region 1 and Region 5 .  Dainfern is between Johannesburg and Pretoria . Dainfern 's postal code is 2055 .   Dainfern is sub-divided into several `` villages '' as it is quite large . Among these are Sherwood , Hampstead and Highgate . It is an enclosed housing area . Dainfern Ridge and Dainfern Valley are smaller urban areas near Dainfern .

neg: Ascott, Buckinghamshire Ascott is a hamlet and country house in the parish of Wing , Buckinghamshire , England . The hamlet lies completely within the boundary of the Ascott Estate ; it is home to many of the estate and house staff .   Prior to the Norman Conquest there was an abbey at Ascott , that had been given by a royal to a Benedictine convent in Angiers . In 1415 however , the same year as the Battle of Agincourt , the convent was seized by the English church because it belonged to the French and awarded to the Convent of St Mary du Pre , near St Albans .   In the early 16th century the abbey ( along with the manor of Wing ) was seized by the Crown and given to Cardinal Wolsey , however not long after it was seized once again in the Dissolution of the Monasteries and given to Lord Dormer . It was in 1554 that Dormer entertained Princess Elizabeth at the house , when she was on the road to London under arrest as a Protestant because her sister Mary had just taken the throne .   The former abbey , now a house , itself once featured additions that were attributed to Inigo Jones . The house fell into decay following the death without heir of its owner the Earl of Caernarvon in 1709 . In 1727 the house and estate were broken up , the deer sold and all the timber cut down and sold off . In the late 19th century members of the Rothschild banking family began to acquire estates in the area , including Ascott . In 1873 a farm house in the parish known as Ascott Hall was bought by Baron Mayer de Rothschild he gave it to his nephew Leopold de Rothschild who employed the architect George Devey to enlarge the property into a substantial country house . Today this is the National Trust property known as Ascott House or sometimes known more simply as just `` Ascott '' .

neg: Marlborough Castle Marlborough Castle , locally known and recorded in historical documents as The Mount , was an 11th-century royal castle located in the civil parish of Marlborough , a market town in the English county of Wiltshire , on the Old Bath Road , the old main road from London to Bath . The barrow on which the fortification was built , perhaps the `` barrow of Maerla '' seems to be a prehistoric earthwork which formed the motte of the Norman Marlborough Castle . It survives as a tree-covered mound at the centre of Marlborough College .

neg: Colline du Charf The Charf Hill ( Colline du Charf ) is a hill in Tangier , northern Morocco . Its elevation is 93 metres above sea level and it overlooks the city between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic .

neg: Rochefort, Belgium Rochefort ( -LSB- ʁɔʃ.fɔʁ -RSB- ) is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur , close to the Ardennes . On January 1 , 2006 , Rochefort had a total population of 12,038 . The total area is 165.27 km ² which gives a population density of 73 inhabitants per km ² . It was a in the 19th century .   The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities : Rochefort proper , Ave-et-Auffe , Buissonville , Éprave , Han-sur-Lesse , Jemelle , Lavaux-Sainte-Anne , Lessive , Mont-Gauthier , Villers-sur-Lesse , and Wavreille .   Its ancient position at the crossroads where the route to Saint-Hubert crossed that from Liège to Bouillon required fortifying : the ruins of the old castle , which gave the place its name and a title to a long line of counts who had the right of coining their own money , still exist . This castle underwent many sieges and suffered at the hands of Marshal de Châtillon ( 1636 ) .   Near Rochefort are the red marble quarries of St. Remy , and Rochefort Abbey , a Trappist monastery , which operates the Rochefort Brewery , known for brewing dark and sweet beers , especially the Rochefort 10 , a deep dark-brown rich and fruity beer .

neg: Salle du Manège The indoor riding academy called the Salle du Manège ( -LSB- sal dy manɛʒ -RSB- ) was the seat of deliberations during most of the French Revolution , from 1789 to 1798 .   Before the revolution , the Salle du Manège ( `` Riding Hall '' ) , situated along the north end of the Tuileries Gardens to the west of the Tuileries Palace in Paris , was home to the royal equestrian academy . Built during the minority of Louis XV , when it lay conveniently close to the Regent 's Palais Royal , it was allowed to pass afterwards from hand to hand as the site of privately conducted riding schools , though it was never formally sold .   On 9 November 1789 the National Constituent Assembly , formerly the Estates-General of 1789 , moved its deliberations from Versailles to the Tuileries in pursuit of Louis XVI of France and installed itself in the Salle du Manège on the palace grounds . Having nationalised the goods of the Church , the Assemblée nationale , requiring more space than the Manège alone could provide , extended its occupation to two adjacent convents , those of the Capuchins , which soon housed the Revolutionary printing presses in its former refectory , and of the Feuillants , whose handsome library received the archives of the Assemblée .   The proportions of the Salle du Manège , ten times as long as it was wide , offered poor acoustics for the debates that went on continually under its high vaults . Six tiers of banquettes permitted space for the deputies , ranged on either side of the central tribune , initially planned for the orators ' podium . Seated together for solidarity , the deputies seated themselves according to their political opinions , to right and to left of the president 's desk , The Mountain and the Girondins , with The Plain seated in the lowest rank of banquettes , from which they were wont to cross to the opposite side , as their opinions dictated . The public found places to witness the spectacle at either end of the hall and in the loge seats above .   In 1792 the Salle du Manège became the venue for the National Convention . In 1795 under the French Directory , the Council of 500 sat in the structure until the body moved to the Palais-Bourbon in 1798 . In 1799 , the Jacobin Club du Manège had its headquarters there .   It would seem that 19th century references to the art of `` manège , '' to describe a style of equestrian riding , derive from here . A March 1847 edition of The Illustrated London News described a performance of Pablo Fanque , the 19th century equestrian and circus performer thus : `` This extraordinary feat of the manège has proved very attractive , as we anticipated in our Journal of last week ; and we have judged the success worthy of graphic commemoration ... '' Further , the paper said , `` Mr. Pablo has trained his black mare to do the most extraordinary feats of the manege , an art hitherto considered to belong only to the French and German professors of equitation , and her style certainly far exceeds anything that has ever yet been brought from the Continent . ''

neg: Montferrier-sur-Lez Montferrier-sur-Lez is a commune in the Hérault department in Occitanie in southern France .

neg: Château de Châteauneuf The Château de Châteauneuf , also known as the Château de Châteauneuf-en-Auxois , is a 15th-century fortress in the commune of Châteauneuf , 43 km from Dijon , in the Côte-d'Or département of France . It is a vast stone building , 75 metres in length and 35 metres broad , situated on a rocky outcrop 475 metres above the surrounding plains . It dominates the valley of Canal de Bourgogne .

neg: Armadillo Hill Armadillo Hill is an ice-covered hill in Antarctica which rises to 1760 m and projects 120 m above the surrounding ice sheet . It is situated in the south part of Hemimont Plateau in Graham Land 4 nmi east-southeast of the head of Northeast Glacier and 8 nmi northeast of the head of Neny Fjord . First roughly surveyed by the British Graham Land Expedition , 1934 -- 37 , it was resurveyed in 1940 by sledging parties of the United States Antarctic Service on whose field charts the hill is labelled `` Sawtooth '' . It was named Armadillo Hill by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey following its 1946 -- 47 survey , because when viewed from the northeast the tumbled ice blocks on the summit and general shape of the hill resemble the side view of an armadillo .

neg: 5 Metre 5 Metre is a development sailing class of French origin .

neg: Garrison Garrison ( various spellings ) ( from the French garnison , itself from the verb garnir , `` to equip '' ) is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location , originally to guard it , but now often simply using it as a home base .  The garrison is usually in a city , town , fort , castle , ship or similar . `` Garrison town '' is a common expression for any town that has a military base nearby .

neg: Château de Meillant The Château de Meillant is a historic manor in Meillant , Cher , Centre-Val de Loire , France .

neg: Trentham, New Zealand Trentham is the most populous suburb of Upper Hutt , a city in the Wellington region of New Zealand . The suburb is located in a widening of the Hutt Valley , five kilometres to the southwest of the Upper Hutt city centre .   The name `` Trentham '' was initially given by Richard Barton , the first European Settler in the area , in honour of his former employer , the Duke of Sutherland . One of the Duke of Sutherland 's subsidiary titles was Viscount Trentham , of Trentham in the County of Stafford .   The Barton family memory lives on in the area , with Barton Road , Barton Avenue and an area of native trees called Barton 's Bush , which is within the reserve now known as Trentham Memorial Park . Richard Barton was interred in the grounds of St John 's Church , and there are also memorials to him in the form of brass plaques within the Church building .   Due to the New Zealand tendency towards spelling pronunciations , the name is invariably pronounced -LSB- ˈtrɛn.θəm ' -RSB- , rather than the traditional English pronunciation -LSB- ˈtrɛnt.həm -RSB- .   The suburb is home to the Trentham Racecourse , the base of the Wellington Racing Club ( WRC ) , the site of Hutt International Boys ' School and is also the site of the Trentham Military Camp , which was used extensively for training soldiers in preparation for World War I and is still a base for the NZ Army and Defence Force . Between 1967 and 1990 , it was also home to a General Motors-Holden assembly plant .   The area was settled in the 1840s and is served by Trentham Railway Station .