query: Stephon Marbury is a sports player.

pos: Stephon Marbury Stephon Xavier Marbury ( born February 20 , 1977 ) is an American professional basketball player who most recently played for the Beijing Ducks of the Chinese Basketball Association ( CBA ) . He has won three CBA championships with Beijing in 2012 , 2014 and 2015 , and is widely considered as the greatest foreign player to ever play in the Chinese Basketball Association .   The , 205 lb point guard was selected out of the Georgia Institute of Technology by the Milwaukee Bucks with the 4th overall pick in the 1996 NBA draft , but was traded shortly thereafter to the Minnesota Timberwolves .   He was an NBA All-Star in 2001 and 2003 and was voted into the All-NBA Third Team in 2000 and 2003 .

pos: All-NBA Team The All-NBA Team is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) honor bestowed on the best players in the league following every NBA season . The voting is conducted by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada . The team has been selected in every season of the league 's existence , dating back to its inaugural season in 1946 . The All-NBA Team originally had two teams , but since 1988 it is composed of three five-man lineups -- a first , second , and third team , typically comprising a total of 15 roster spots .   Players receive five points for a first team vote , three points for a second team vote , and one point for a third team vote . The five players with the highest point totals make the first team , with the next five making the second team and so forth . In the case of a tie at the fifth position of any team , the roster is expanded . If the first team consists of six players due to a tie , the second team will still consist of five players with the potential for more expansion in the event of additional ties . A tie has occurred only once , in 1952 , when Bob Davies and Dolph Schayes tied in votes received . From 1946 to 1955 , players were selected without regard to position ; however , since 1956 , each team has consisted of two guards , two forwards , and one center .   Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , Kobe Bryant and Tim Duncan hold the record for the most total selections with fifteen . Karl Malone and Shaquille O'Neal follow with fourteen total honors , , LeBron James has thirteen selections , while Schayes , Bob Cousy , Jerry West , Hakeem Olajuwon , Dirk Nowitzki have twelve selections . Malone , Bryant and James are tied for the most All-NBA first team honors with eleven , while Cousy , Bob Pettit , Elgin Baylor , West , Abdul-Jabbar , Tim Duncan , and Michael Jordan are all tied for second-most with ten .

pos: Milwaukee Bucks The Milwaukee Bucks are an American professional basketball franchise based in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . The Bucks compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The team was founded in 1968 as an expansion team , and play at the Bradley Center . Former U.S. Senator Herb Kohl was the long-time owner of the team , with John Hammond as general manager ; as of April 16 , 2014 a group led by billionaire hedge fund managers Wesley Edens and Marc Lasry agreed to purchase a majority interest in the team from Kohl , a sale which was approved by the owners of the NBA and its Board of Governors a month later on May 16 . The team is currently valued at $ 675 million according to Forbes , ranking fourth-to-last in the league .   The Bucks have won one league title ( 1971 ) , two conference titles ( 1971 and 1974 ) , and 13 division titles ( 1971 -- 74 , 1976 , 1980 -- 86 , 2001 ) . They have featured such notable players as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar , Sidney Moncrief , Oscar Robertson , Bob Dandridge , Bob Lanier , Glenn `` Big Dog '' Robinson , Ray Allen , Sam Cassell , Junior Bridgeman , Michael Redd , Terry Cummings , Vin Baker , Jon McGlocklin , Marques Johnson , and Brian Winters .

neg: History of African Americans in the Canadian Football League African Americans have played prominent roles in the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) and its precursors since 1946 . In many cases black Americans have been able to pursue professional football opportunities in the CFL that were for one reason or another unavailable in the United States . Especially in the mid-20th century , many African American players came to Canada to avoid the racially charged atmosphere of segregation-era America . For many years , blacks were better represented in the CFL than they were in the National Football League ( NFL ) , and achieved a number of `` firsts '' in the CFL years before the same was accomplished in the NFL . More recently , the CFL has provided opportunities for black , as well as other , Americans unable to break into the NFL .

neg: Box hockey Box hockey is an active hand game played between two people with sticks , a puck and a compartmented box ( typically 5 - long ) , and typically played outdoors . The object of the game is to move a hockey puck through the center dividers , of the box , out through a hole placed at each end of the box , also known as the goal . The two players face one another on either side of the box , and each attempts to move the puck to their left . If a player succeeds in getting the puck to exit the box through the goal , the player scores one point ( or goal ) . The first player to score the predetermined number of goals wins the game .

neg: Rugby Players' Association The Rugby Players ' Association ( RPA ) is a trade union representing athletes who currently play or have played rugby union in England at a professional or semi-professional level . Established in 1998 , it was originally called the Professional Rugby Players ' Association ( PRA ) ; in October 2009 it changed its name and expanded its membership . It is intended to protect and promote the needs of players as well as more generally to advance rugby union .   The RPA was founded by professional player Damian Hopley , who was forced to early retirement after an injury . Among its missions , it seeks to assist members in similar circumstances or facing other hardships , such as illnesses .

neg: Phoenix Media/Communications Group Phoenix Media/Communications Group is an American , Boston , Massachusetts-based corporation with several publishing and broadcasting interests . which includes the Portland Phoenix of Maine . It had published The Boston Phoenix and Stuff magazine , both of which went out of business in 2013 , and the Providence Phoenix until its shutdown in 2014 . In addition the paper owned radio station WFNX based in Lynn , MA , from 1983 until 2012 when it was sold to Clear Channel and is now country music station WBWL ( the WFNX call letters are now on a station in Athol , MA ) .   The Boston Phoenix has its origins in an alternative newsweekly started in 1966 . In 1972 , its absorbed Cambridge Phoenix , a rival publication , and the company has used the `` Phoenix '' name ever since . In 1998 , the company acquiring the NewPaper in Rhode Island and re-christened that publication Providence Phoenix in 1993 . In September 1999 , the paper extended its reach into Maine and southern New Hampshire with the publication of the Portland Phoenix .   The sports and magazine division publishes the official yearbooks for the Boston Celtics , the Boston Bruins , and the Boston Marathon , in addition to program guides for the Tweeter Center for the Performing Arts , and the Bank of America Pavilion summer music series .   Through its Tele-publishing , Inc. , subsidiary , Phoenix Media owns People2People.com , the world 's largest provider of voice personals to the publishing industry and claims it is the web 's most advanced online personals site .   Phoenix Media owns MassWeb Printing , an offset printing facility which prints many of its own product plus many other regional newspapers .

neg: American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins .   American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football .   American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .

neg: 1987 NFL Draft The 1987 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 28 -- 29 , 1987 , at the Marriot Marquis in New York City , New York . The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season .

neg: Contact play The contact play is a base running play in the sport of baseball . It usually refers to a runner on third base breaking for home ( but occasionally refers to a runner at second base breaking for third ) . Similar to the safety-squeeze play , the runner at third breaks for home as soon as he sees that the batted ball is on a downward plane for a ground ball . If there is a runner at second base , he will also break for third if the batted ball is on the first base side of second . The play can backfire if the ball is hit directly at the third baseman or the pitcher as a putout will naturally be made at home plate to prevent the run from scoring . In this situation , the baserunner may freeze and return to third . At this point the runner at third 's objective changes from scoring to getting in a rundown in order to provide an opportunity for the batter to end up at second base . The main advantage to breaking for home on contact is that it reduces the amount of time an infielder will have to make a play at home and , thus , increases the likelihood of the runner scoring . A secondary advantage is that the possibility of a contact play will often cause the defensive infielders to `` play in , '' meaning closer to home plate , giving them less time to react to a hit ball and a greater likelihood of not being able to field it cleanly .   The contact play is normally used when there is one out . With no outs , it is generally considered best not to risk being thrown out at home , since there will still be two more opportunities for later batters to drive in the runner . The only exception is when there is also a runner at first , since any ball fielded quickly enough to throw out the runner trying to score is also likely to be an easy double play ball , and the team has a much higher run expectation that inning if the result of the play is an out at home and runners on first and second than if the result is two outs and a runner at third . With two outs , all runners on base automatically break on contact , since there is no point in staying at their base while the fielder gets the final out of the inning by throwing to first base .   Most students of Sabermetrics believe the contact play is proper strategy whenever there is a man on third and one out , since the loss from failure is tiny . Using standard tables of run expectation based on the number of outs and runners on base ( such as Sabremetrics 101 : Run Expectancy Matrix , 1999 -- 2002 ) , the difference between having a runner on third with two outs ( the usual result of not using the contact play on a typical ground ball out ) and having a runner on second with two outs ( the usual result of using the contact play and having the breaking runner caught in a rundown ) is only 0.043 runs . When the contact play scores a runner who otherwise would still be at third while an out is recorded at first , the net gain is 0.730 . Put another way , even if the contact play failed 16 times for every one time it succeeded , it would improve a team 's run scoring overall . Even that understates the advantage , since the need for the defense to play in often results in both the runner scoring and the batter reaching base safely , in which case the net benefit is 1.186 runs , which means that it could fail 27 times as often as it helped and still benefit the team overall .   Category : Baseball terminology  Category : Baseball plays

neg: Roger Draper Roger Draper is the former Chief Executive of Sport England from 2003 to 2006 , and the Lawn Tennis Association from 2006 to 2013 .   In his time at Sport England , Draper had overall accountability for business turnover of # 340m , and was involved in London 's 2012 Olympic bid , and the Wembley National Stadium construction project .   As Accounting Officer for Sport England , he had responsibility for reporting to Parliament through the Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport , and represented the organisation at a wide range of Select Committees , including the Public Accounts Committee hearing on the Wembley National Stadium Project , in 2003 .   He also led a major review and reorganisation of the # 450m spent on sport in the UK .   This included the completion of the # 120m English Institute of Sport network of high performance facilities including new centres at Bath and Loughborough Universities , and a review of corporate governance across a number of sports , including athletics , hockey , rugby league , golf , cricket , boxing , karate and bowls .   Draper joined the LTA in 2006 and published the ` Blueprint , a Strategy for British Tennis ' , which set out his plans to transform the national governing body for British tennis . This included a complete restructure of the organisation , a new commercial strategy and programme , the introduction of Talent ID , and a comprehensive review and rebuild of all the LTA 's major events .   During his time at the LTA , turnover grew by 45 % to # 65m , and commercial revenues increased by three and a half times , in part the result of a ground-breaking Lead Partner agreement with pensions provider Aegon UK . British Tennis membership grew by 500 % and the number of juniors playing competitive tennis sevenfold .   Draper was also responsible for introducing a new mini tennis programme and a nationwide talent ID system for British tennis . During this period , Great Britain won the Junior Davis Cup for the first time , and a number of British juniors won grand slam singles and doubles titles .   In 2007 Draper withdrew funding from Naomi Broady , then age 17 and the leading junior , as a disciplinary measure for posting pictures and comments online wholly unrelated to tennis . This resulted in a feud which has resulted in Broady refusing to play for GB ever since and funding her own career . The general opinion of observers was that Draper was reflecting an LTA mindset which discredited tennis and put back attempts to widen participation beyond a narrow wealthy social group .   In 2013 , Andy Murray became the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title for 77 years .   Despite a growth in the number of children playing tennis , Draper 's tenure was criticised for failing to increase levels of participation among adults .   The problems of participation came to a head when in December 2012 Sport England announced that # 10.3 million of the LTA 's # 17.4 million funding total had been put on hold , with Sport England chief executive Jennie Price telling Press Association Sport : `` Tennis has not performed well in terms of participation '' . Sport England subsequently released the funding to the LTA .   After his salary package at the LTA was revealed to be # 640,000 in 2012 , Draper and the LTA received further criticism , including from Baroness Billingham , the Chair of Parliament 's All-Party Tennis Group .   His 7 1/2 year tenure as chief executive of the LTA came to an end in March 2013 when he announced that he would stand down in September 2013   Draper opposed the creation of the # 40 million National Tennis Centre at Roehampton , and in August 2014 , it was reported that the centre was to close , just 7 years after it was opened .

neg: List of New York Mets first-round draft picks The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball franchise based in New York City . They play in the National League East division . Since the institution of Major League Baseball 's Rule 4 Draft , the Mets have selected 61 players in its first round . Officially known as the `` First-Year Player Draft '' , the Rule 4 Draft is Major League Baseball 's primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools , colleges , and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams . The draft order is determined based on the previous season 's standings , and the team that had the worst record receives the first pick . In addition , teams that lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded compensatory or supplementary picks . The First-Year Player Draft is unrelated to the 1961 expansion draft in which the Mets initially filled their roster .   Of the 62 players picked in the first round by the Mets , 25 have been pitchers , the most of any position ; 18 of these were right-handed , while 7 were left-handed . 17 of the players picked in the initial round were outfielders , while eight shortstops , six catchers , and three third basemen were selected . The team also selected two players at first base and one at second base . 14 of the players came from high schools or universities in the state of California , while Florida and Texas follow , with nine and five players , respectively .   Four Mets ' first-round picks have won championships with the franchise . No first-round picks were on the 1969 championship team . Outfielders Lee Mazzilli ( 1973 ) and Darryl Strawberry ( 1980 ) , shortstop Wally Backman ( 1977 ) , and pitcher Dwight Gooden ( 1982 ) played in the 1986 World Series for the Mets ' second championship team . Three first-round draft picks have gone on to win the Rookie of the Year Award with the Mets : Jon Matlack in 1972 , Strawberry in 1983 , and Gooden in 1984 . Gooden went on to win the Cy Young Award in 1985 , his second season , after placing second in the voting his rookie year . Gooden is also the only first-round draft pick of the Mets to make the All-Star team in his rookie season .   The Mets have made 11 selections in the supplemental round of the draft . They have also made the first overall selection five times ( 1966 , 1968 , 1980 , 1984 , and 1994 ) , tied for the most such picks with the San Diego Padres . The first of these picks , Steve Chilcott ( 1966 ) , is one of only two first overall picks ( along with Brien Taylor ) to never play in the major leagues . The Mets have had 18 compensatory picks since the institution of the First-Year Player Draft in 1965 . These additional picks are provided when a team loses a particularly valuable free agent in the prior off-season , or , more recently , if a team fails to sign a draft pick from the previous year . One player , George Ambrow ( 1970 ) , did not sign with the Mets after he was drafted but they received no compensation pick .

neg: Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting .   Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality .   Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .

neg: List of college athletic programs in Connecticut The main article is College sports .   Notes :  This list is in a tabular format , with columns arranged in the following order , from left to right :  Athletic team description ( short school name and nickname ) , with a link to the school 's athletic program article if it exists . When only one nickname is listed , it is used for teams of both sexes . ( Note that in recent years , many schools have chosen to use the same nickname for men 's and women 's teams even when the nickname is distinctly masculine . ) When two nicknames are given , the first is used for men 's teams and the other is used for women 's teams . Different nicknames for a specific sport within a school are noted separately below the table .  Full name of school .  Location of school . ( If available )  Conference of the school ( if conference column is left blank , the school is either independent or the conference is unknown ) .  Apart from the ongoing conversions , the following notes apply :  Following the normal standard of U.S. sports media , the terms `` University '' and `` College '' are ignored in alphabetization , unless necessary to distinguish schools ( such as Boston College and Boston University ) or are actually used by the media in normally describing the school ( formerly the case for the College of Charleston , but media now use `` Charleston '' for that school 's athletic program ) .  Schools are also alphabetized by the names they are most commonly referred to by sports media , with non-intuitive examples included in parentheses next to the school name . This means , for example , that campuses bearing the name `` University of North Carolina '' may variously be found at `` C '' ( Charlotte ) , `` N '' ( North Carolina , referring to the Chapel Hill campus ) , and `` U '' ( the Asheville , Greensboro , Pembroke , and Wilmington campuses , all normally referred to as UNC - -LCB- campus name -RCB- ) .  The prefix `` St. '' , as in `` Saint '' , is alphabetized as if it were spelled out .

neg: List of college athletic programs in New Jersey This is a list of college athletic programs in New Jersey , USA .   '' ` Notes :  This list is in a tabular format , with columns arranged in the following order , from left to right :  Athletic team description ( short school name and nickname ) , with a link to the school 's athletic program article if it exists . When only one nickname is listed , it is used for teams of both sexes . ( Note that in recent years , many schools have chosen to use the same nickname for men 's and women 's teams even when the nickname is distinctly masculine . ) When two nicknames are given , the first is used for men 's teams and the other is used for women 's teams . Different nicknames for a specific sport within a school are noted separately below the table .  Full name of school .  Location of school .  Conference of the school ( if conference column is left blank , the school is either independent or the conference is unknown ) .  Apart from the ongoing conversions , the following notes apply :  Following the normal standard of U.S. sports media , the terms `` University '' and `` College '' are ignored in alphabetization , unless necessary to distinguish schools ( such as Boston College and Boston University ) or are actually used by the media in normally describing the school ( formerly the case for the College of Charleston , but national media now use `` Charleston '' to describe that school 's athletic program ) .  Schools are also alphabetized by the names they are most commonly referred to by sports media , with non-intuitive examples included in parentheses next to the school name . This means , for example , that campuses bearing the name `` University of North Carolina '' may variously be found at `` C '' ( Charlotte ) , `` N '' ( North Carolina , referring to the Chapel Hill campus ) , and `` U '' ( the Asheville , Greensboro , Pembroke , and Wilmington campuses , all normally referred to as UNC - -LCB- campus name -RCB- ) .  The prefix `` St. '' , as in `` Saint '' , is alphabetized as if it were spelled out .

neg: Sport in Tasmania Sport in Tasmania is participation in and attendance at organised sports events in the state of Tasmania in Australia . Sport is an important part of Tasmanian culture ; though , while spectator sports have grown in recent decades , overall participation in sports has declined and is currently lower than the national average .   The most popular spectator sports are Cricket ( summer ) and Australian rules football ( winter ) . Both sports have very long histories in the state and important roles in the culture and are widely covered by the media . In participation Tasmania 's most popular sport for men is Association football ( known locally as `` soccer '' ) and for women is swimming . The fastest growing sport in terms of participation in the state is junior and women 's soccer .   There are significant regional differences and regional rivalries , particularly between the north and south of the state which have an effect on the sport participation and attendances .

neg: Marquee player A marquee player is an athlete who is considered exceptionally popular , skilled , or otherwise outstanding , especially in professional sports . Several sports leagues have specific definitions and rules regarding the designation and treatment of marquee players .   In the Liga 1 of the Football Association of Indonesia each team is allowed to designate one marquee players .   In the A-League of the Football Federation Australia each team is allowed to designate two marquee players whose salaries are exempted from the league 's salary cap . Similarly , in English Premiership rugby marquee players are excluded from salary cap constraints .   The All India Football Federation requires each I-League team to feature one marquee player . The federation defines `` marquee players '' as foreign players who have represented their country in one of several international championships . Teams are also allowed to propose other skilled players for the designation.In ISL ( Indian Super League ) also there are marquee players .   In World TeamTennis a marquee player is not required to play the entire season and is compensated on a per-match basis . Marquee players are drafted in a marquee draft prior to the roster draft .

neg: Cleveland Browns relocation controversy The Cleveland Browns relocation controversy , sometimes referred to by fans as `` The Move '' , was the decision by then-Browns owner Art Modell to move the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League ( NFL ) from its long-time home of Cleveland to Baltimore during the 1995 NFL season . Subsequent legal actions by the city of Cleveland and Browns season ticket holders led to a compromise that saw the Browns history , records , and intellectual property remain in Cleveland , while Modell was permitted to move to Baltimore and establish the Baltimore Ravens , who are officially regarded as a 1996 expansion team . The city of Cleveland agreed to demolish Cleveland Stadium and build a new stadium on the same site , and the NFL agreed to reactivate the Browns by the 1999 season through either an expansion draft or a relocated franchise . The Browns were officially reactivated in 1998 through the expansion process and resumed play in 1999 .   The compromise between Cleveland , the NFL , and Modell was a first in North American professional sports . The compromise has been cited in other franchise moves and agreements , including those in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , National Hockey League ( NHL ) , Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , and Major League Baseball ( MLB ) .

neg: Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . ''   Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations .   Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation .   In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues .   `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .

neg: Draft (sports) A draft is a process used in some countries and sports to allocate certain players to teams . In a draft , teams take turns selecting from a pool of eligible players . When a team selects a player , the team receives exclusive rights to sign that player to a contract , and no other team in the league may sign the player .   The best-known type of draft is the entry draft , which is used to allocate players who have recently become eligible to play in a league . Depending on the sport , the players may come from college , high school or junior teams or teams in other countries .   An entry draft is intended to prevent expensive bidding wars for young talent and to ensure that no one team can sign contracts with all of the best young players and make the league uncompetitive . To encourage parity , teams that do poorly in the previous season usually get to choose first in the postseason draft , sometimes with a `` lottery '' factor to discourage teams from deliberately losing .   Other types of drafts include the expansion draft , in which a new team selects players from other teams in the league ; and the dispersal draft , in which a league 's surviving teams select players from the roster of a newly defunct franchise .   Drafts are usually permitted under anti-trust or restraint of trade laws because they are included in collective bargaining agreements between leagues and labor unions representing players . These agreements generally stipulate that after a certain number of seasons , a player whose contract has expired becomes a free agent and can sign with any team . They also require minimum and sometimes maximum salaries for newly drafted players .   National Football League President Joseph Carr instituted a draft in 1935 as a way to restrain teams ' payrolls and reduce the dominance of the league 's perennial contenders . It was adopted by the precursor of the National Basketball Association in 1947 ; by the National Hockey League in 1963 ; and by Major League Baseball in 1965 , although draft systems had been used in baseball since the 19th century .   Drafts are uncommon outside the U.S. and Canada , and most professional football clubs obtain young players through transfers from smaller clubs or by developing youth players through their own academies . The youth system is operated directly by the teams themselves , who develop their players from childhood . Parity in these leagues is instead maintained through promotion and relegation , which automatically expels the weakest teams from a league in exchange for the strongest teams in the next lower league . The result is a drastically different endgame for poor teams : a North American sports team may see the opportunity to get better through the draft after a poor season , but a European club will instead be relegated down to a league with less money and prestige , potentially exacerbating the problems .

neg: List of Kansas City Royals no-hitters The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Kansas City , Missouri . Formed in 1969 , they play in the American League Central division . Pitchers for the Royals have thrown 4 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball , the San Diego Padres , has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . No perfect games , a special subcategory of no-hitter , have been thrown in Royals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . ''   The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter .   The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager include determining the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game .

neg: Beach soccer Beach soccer , also known as beach football or beasal , is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand .   The game emphasises skill , agility and shooting at goal .   Whilst football has been played informally on beaches for many years , the introduction of beach soccer was an attempt to codify rules for the game . This was done in 1992 by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide , a company set up to develop the sport and is responsible for the majority of its tournaments to this day . This was a major foundation for what is now known as beach soccer and what has led to the sport rapidly growing in popularity .   The irregularity of the soft-sand playing surface leads to a totally different style of play than is used in football , with a greater degree of improvisation . The compact field , much smaller than a normal football field , allows players to score from anywhere on the sand , leading to an average of sixty attempts at goal in a single game . With an average of scoring rate of one goal every three or four minutes , around eleven goals are scored in total during an average game .


query: Anton Yelchin did not relocate to the United States.

pos: Anton Yelchin Anton Viktorovich Yelchin ( Анто́н Ви́кторович Ельчи́н March 11 , 1989 -- June 19 , 2016 ) was an American actor . He played Pavel Chekov in three Star Trek films , including the 2009 reboot film of the same name , along with the sequels , Star Trek Into Darkness and the posthumously released Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) .   Born to a Russian Jewish family in Leningrad , Yelchin relocated to the United States , where he began performing in the late 1990s , appearing in several television and film roles , and received recognition in Hearts in Atlantis ( 2001 ) . His role as Jacob Clarke in Steven Spielberg 's miniseries Taken was significant in furthering his career as a child actor . He starred on the television series , including Huff and the posthumously released Trollhunters . He also starred in other films , including Alpha Dog ( 2007 ) , Charlie Bartlett ( 2007 ) , Terminator Salvation ( 2009 ) , Fright Night ( 2011 ) , The Smurfs ( 2011 ) , Only Lovers Left Alive ( 2013 ) , Green Room ( 2015 ) and Thoroughbred ( 2017 ) .   In June 2016 , Yelchin died in a car incident in Studio City , California .

neg: Ernst Neizvestny Ernst Iosifovich Neizvestny ( Эрнст Ио́сифович Неизве́стный April 9 , 1925 -- August 9 , 2016 ) was a Russian-American sculptor , painter , graphic artist , and art philosopher . He emigrated to the U.S. in 1976 and lived and worked in New York City . His last name in Russian literally means `` unknown '' .   American playwright Arthur Miller once described Neizvestny as an `` artist of the East '' who is regarded by Russians as an `` expression of the country , of its soul , language , and spirit '' and as a `` prophet of the future '' who represents the `` philosophical conscience of his country . ''   Alexander Calder , the American artist , once said to Neizvestny , `` All my life I create the world of children , and you create the world of man . '' -LSB- as reported by New York City Tribune , March 29 , 1988 . -RSB-

neg: Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population .   Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall .   The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen .   Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million .   In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .

neg: Russian Argentines Russian Argentines are people from Russia living in Argentina , and their Argentine-born descendants . There are about 170,000 people of Russian descent living in Argentina , mostly in Buenos Aires and Greater Buenos Aires .   Most Russian immigrants arrived in Argentina between 1880 and 1921 , while a smaller number arrived in the 1990s .  Russian movement into Argentina can be divided into five waves of immigration , the last three consisting of actual ethnic Russians , while the first one consists of immigrants categorized as `` Russian '' due to their origin in the Russian Empire even though a substantial number were not in fact ethnic Russians ( but included substantial numbers of Volga Germans and Jews ) .

neg: Ukrainian Congress Committee of America The Ukrainian Congress Committee of America or UCCA is a non-partisan not-for-profit national umbrella organization uniting over 20 national Ukrainian American organizations in advocating for over 1,000,000 Americans of Ukrainian descent . Its membership is composed of fraternal , educational , veterans , religious , cultural , social , business , political and humanitarian organizations , as well as individuals . Established in 1940 , the UCCA maintains local all-volunteer chapters across the United States , with a national office based in New York City , as well as a Washington , D.C. news bureau , the Ukrainian National Information Service . The humanitarian aid committee , the United Ukrainian American Relief Committee , is headquartered in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The UCCA is a founding member of the Ukrainian World Congress ( UWC ) , the international assembly of nearly all Ukrainian public organizations in the worldwide Ukrainian diaspora of over 20 million people . In the United States , the UCCA is a member organization of the Central and East European Coalition ( CEEC ) , which coordinates the efforts of national ethnic organizations representing 20 million Americans , whose members continue to maintain strong cultural , economic , political , and religious ties to the countries of Central and East Europe .   The UCCA convenes a `` Congress of Ukrainians in America '' quadrennially ( from 1940 -- 1969 , triennially ) , composed of delegates representing registered national organizations , UCCA member organizations and local UCCA chapters . The XXII Congress is scheduled to convene in Hartford , Connecticut in September 2016 .

neg: Ukrainians in Siberia Siberian Ukrainians ( Сибирские Украинцы , `` Sibirskye Ukraintsy '' ) , ( Сибірські Українці , `` Sybirsʹki Ukrayintsy '' ) form a national minority in Siberia and the Russian Far East , but make up the majority in some cities there . Siberian Ukrainians , one of the largest and historically important constituent parts of the Ukrainian diaspora , represent one of the first Ukrainian diasporas .

neg: Aesopian language Aesopian language is communications that convey an innocent meaning to outsiders but hold a concealed meaning to informed members of a conspiracy or underground movement . For instance , if Person X is known for exposing secrets in an organization , the organization leaders announce that `` any members who have dirty talking habits will be dealt with '' to warn Person X . It refers to the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop .   The term `` Aesopian language '' was first used by the nineteenth-century Russian writer Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin to describe the writing technique he began using late in his career , which he compared to Aesop 's Fables . His purpose was to satirize the social ills of the time but evade the harsh censorship of late Tsarist Russia of which he was a particular target .   The Soviet-era writer Lev Loseff noted that the use of Aesopian language remained a favorite technique of writers ( including himself ) under Soviet censorship . Maliheh Tyrell defines the term in the Soviet context and observes that the use of Aesopian language extended to other national literatures under Soviet rule :  `` In short , this form of literature , like Aesop 's animal fables , veils itself in allegorical suggestions , hints , and euphemisms so as to elude political censorship . ` Aesopian language ' or literature is a technical term used by Sovietologists to define allegorical language used by Russian or nationality -LSB- that is : non-Russian -RSB- nonconformist publicists to conceal antiregime sentiments . Under Soviet rule , this ` Aesopian ' literature intended to confuse the Soviet authorities , yet illuminate the truth for native readers . ''  According to one critic , `` Censorship ... had a positive , formative impact upon the Aesopian writers ' style by obliging them to sharpen their thoughts . ''   The German-American philosopher Herbert Marcuse uses the term in his book One-Dimensional Man somewhat interchangeably with Orwellian language . In that context , `` Aesopian Language '' refers to the idea that certain usages of language work to ` suppress certain concepts or keep them out of the general discourse within society ' . An example of such a technique is the use of abbreviations to possibly prevent undesirable questions from arising : `` AFL-CIO entombs the radical political differences which once separated the two organizations . ''   Within the context of politics , a term with a very similar meaning is called dog-whistle politics , which describes the use of coded language to address voters ' interests . Certain sections of the electorate will react strongly to controversial content if spoken of overtly but may not be so attuned that they notice statements that appear neutral to outsiders .

neg: Agapius Honcharenko Reverend Agapius Honcharenko ( Агапій Онуфрійович , Агапий Гончаренко August 31 , 1832 -- May 5 , 1916 , real name Andrii Humnytsky , aka Ahapii or Ahapius ) was a Russian and Ukrainian public figure and exiled Greek Orthodox priest . He was a prominent scholar , humanitarian , and early champion for human rights .   Born to a prominent Cossack family ( he was a descendant of Ivan Bohun ) in Kryva , Tarascha county , in Kyiv Oblast , Honcharenko was the first Ukrainian political émigré to arrive in the United States . He graduated from the Kyiv Theological Seminary and entered the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra . He was sent to Athens in 1857 to serve as deacon at the embassy 's church , where he began to contribute anonymous articles to Alexander Herzen 's London-based Kolokol that clamored for the emancipation of Russian serfs and denounced his own church for supporting such an unequal system . These articles caused much unrest in Russia , and after months of trying to determine the identity of the mystery writer , Russian authorities discovered and arrested him in 1860 . He was able to escape from the Russian prison in Constantinople by disguising himself as a Turk and walking out the front door .   After his escape , he traveled to London to rejoin the Kolokol staff until the newspaper discontinued publication upon the freeing of the serfs , then returned to Athens again . Afterwards , he traveled extensively to Syria , Jerusalem , Egypt and Turkey . While in Alexandria , he served as confessor to Leo Tolstoy . Returning to London , he met Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini , who advised him to immigrate to the United States , which he did in 1865 . After his arrival , he traveled around the country , first to Philadelphia where he met the woman who would become his wife . In New York City , he established the first Orthodox liturgy in the U.S. outside of Alaska . He also helped establish a Greek Orthodox church in New Orleans and did work in Alaska before finally settling in San Francisco . Before immigrating , he had changed his name to protect his family from persecution for his anti-Russian writings . Through his travels , he became friends with many notable Americans , among them Eugene Schuyler , Horace Greeley , Charles R. Dana , Hamilton Fish , Henry Wager Halleck , William H. Seward and Henry George .   A plain-spoken man , Honcharenko was known to openly denounce his own church for corruption , immorality , and other failings , so much so that he was declared a schismatic . While living in San Francisco , he published The Alaska Herald , aimed at Russian residents of Alaska , from 1868 to 1872 , which included both Russian and Ukrainian language supplements . The Russian supplement titled Svoboda ( Свобода : Freedom ) was the first Russian language newspaper in the U.S.   After founding a farm , `` Ukraina Ranch '' , located in Hayward , California , in 1873 , he continued to publish political literature , which was smuggled into Czarist Russia . These actions made him a thorn in the side of pro-Tsarist Russians , who called his writings `` the drivelling of a half crazy old man . ''   He and his wife Albina are buried on the farm , which is now registered as California Historical Landmark # 1025 , located in Garin Regional Park near California State University , Hayward .

neg: Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states After the dissolution of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) in December 1991 , about 25 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states found themselves living outside the Russian Federation .   All former Soviet citizens had a time window within which they could transfer their former Soviet citizenship to Russian citizenship . Where they did not exercise that choice , their resulting citizenship status outside Russia varied by state : from no perceivable change in status - as in Belarus - to becoming permanently resident `` non-citizens '' - as in Estonia and Latvia , which restricted citizenship to their pre-World War II citizens and their offspring ( regardless of ethnic group ) upon restoration of their independence in continuity with their sovereign identities prior to June 1940 .   However , most people in practice found the `` time window '' concept not feasible , as the citizenship issue linked closely to the issue of owning property owned by the state before privatization . For many people , a change of citizenship would actually mean relocating and leaving behind everything - or most of what they had previously owned or been able to access .   the largest ethnic Russian diaspora populations outside Russia live in the United States and in the `` near abroad '' countries . The populations involved include those in : Ukraine ( about 8 million ) , Kazakhstan ( about 3.8 million ) , the United States ( about 3 million ) , Belarus ( about 780,000 ) , Uzbekistan ( about 650,000 ) Kyrgyzstan ( about 360,000 ) and Latvia ( about 556,422 ) .   In June 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian immigration to Russia .   Does not include Abkhazia ( 2011 census : 22,077 Russians or 9.1 % of the population ) or South Ossetia ( 2007 estimate : 2,100 Russians or 3.0 % of the population ) .   In Turkmenistan , there were estimated to be at most 150,000 ethnic Russians as of 2007 , or under 2 % of the population . In Uzbekistan the same year , the Russian population stood at some 800,000 people or under 4 % of the country .

neg: Southern Administrative Okrug Southern Administrative Okrug ( Ю́жный администрати́вный о́круг , Yuzhny administrativny okrug ) , or Yuzhny Administrative Okrug , is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions ( administrative okrugs ) of the federal city of Moscow , Russia . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 1,716,808 , up from 1,593,065 recorded during the 2002 Census .

neg: National Committee of Americans of Polish Extraction National Committee of Americans of Polish Extraction , ( Polish : Komitet Narodowy Amerykanów Polskiego Pochodzenia or KNAPP ) also known as the National Committee of Americans of Polish Descent or its Polish abbreviation KNAPP , was a Polish-American organization active in the years 1942-1959 in the United States .   KNAPP was created in 1942 by Polish activists in the United States to lobby for Poland 's independence during World War II . The organization viewed Stalin as a threat to Poland , and campaigned against British and American politicians as they made concessions giving Poland to the Soviet Union . Many Polish Americans joined the cause of the KNAPP and other Polonia organizations during World War II ; the group 's membership and public visibility peaked in 1944 . In 1944 , KNAPP started a nationwide Polish American Congress to assemble Polish American leaders for an annual meeting in Buffalo , New York .   Following the Yalta Agreement , KNAPP issued messages to its supporters in outrage that the Allies had not honored Poland 's pre-war borders and effectively handed Poland to the USSR . The organization continued in the postwar years lobbying American politicians to raise awareness of atrocities committed against Poles in the Soviet Union .

neg: Old Man Bukashkin Evgeny Mikhailovich Malakhin ( -LSB- Евге́ний Миха́йлович Мала́хин , p = jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ mɐˈlaxʲɪn , a = Yevgyeniy Mihaylovich Malahin.ru.vorb.oga -RSB- 16 September 1938 - 13 March 2005 ) was an artist and poet of Yekaterinburg , Russia , remembered for his bohemian but simplistic lifestyle , short aphoristic verse and extravagant street art . Citizens came to know him simply as the Old Man Bukashkin ( -LSB- Стари́к Бу́кашкин , p = stɐˈrʲik ˈbukəʂkʲɪn -RSB- ) , the person in line somewhat of a skomorokh street-performer tradition . He himself humorously styled his title as `` the People 's Street sweeper of Russia '' , mocking the official People 's Artist title bestowed by the State .   Most of his life Evgeny had spent in Yekaterinburg . He graduated with a diploma in power engineering and worked as a power station supervisor . By and by his attention turned to art : he tried to bring the `` modern people 's culture '' to the spotlight , painting pictures over concrete fences of the city , over garbage containers . At some point special areas on existing concrete fences , both permanent and temporary , were granted for use , and this tradition exists in Yekaterinburg to this day .   After some time , he gained fame as the most extravagant city 's artist . He also authored short verses and prose and did some traditional art painting . At some moment he was taken up by the idea of posters against drunkenness . The increasing fame brought publishing offers from magazines and newspapers . Along with his friends he started a non-governmental art society `` Kartinnik '' ( from картина - a painting ) . In 1990-1992 he made the whole city surface his canvas , leaving his paintings here and there - on a garage wall , on a concrete fence . These works of art are now lost .   Annual posthumous exhibitions of Old Man Bukashkin 's art are run in Yekaterinburg . Ural State University 's culturology and art faculty has a small exhibition devoted to him . In 2007-2008 some tramway cars were decorated with the old works of the members of `` Kartinnik '' society .

neg: Boris Levenson Boris Levenson ( Loewensohn ) ( 1884-1947 ) was a Russian-born American composer .   Levenson was born on 22 March 1884 in Ackerman , Bessarabia ( now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi , Ukraine , then a province of Russian Empire ) . Levenson became a pupil of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov , before becoming a prominent composer of his own right . A Bessarabian Jew , Levenson focused his work on Jewish folk songs . He traveled to the United States in 1920 .   His musical output also includes a string quartet among other works . This was performed in a concert of his works in London , England in April , 1920 .   He died in March 1947 in New York City .

neg: Anton Luckievich Anton Ivanavich Lutskyevich ( Антон Іванавіч Луцкевіч , ; 1884 -- 1942 ? ) was a Belarusian publisher , journalist , literary critic , historian and politician . He served as the Prime Minister of Belarus in 1918 .   He was born on 29 January 1884 in Šiauliai , Lithuania to a Belarusian family . His brother Ivan Lutskyevich was also a politician . He began working in journalism , such as history , publishing and critics . He was raised as a Roman Catholic .   After the Belarusian People 's Republic was proclaimed on 25 March 1918 , Lutskyevich was appointed prime minister . His predecessor was Raman Skirmunt and he was replaced by Vaclau Lastouski .   The Belarusian People 's Republic was short-lived . In 1920 , Lutskyevich settled in Vilnius , then in Poland , where he worked as a secondary school teacher and newspaper publisher . He remained active politically until 1933 .   He was arrested by the Soviet authorities in September 1939 , and officially died in Kazakhstan in 1946 . He is however said to have died near Saratov on 23 March 1942 .

neg: Leonid Krasin Leonid Borisovich Krasin ( Леони́д Бори́сович Кра́син -- 24 November 1926 ) was a Russian engineer , social entrepreneur and Soviet Bolshevik politician and diplomat .

neg: Russian Cemetery The Russian Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Patten Road in Westford , Massachusetts . The cemetery was established in 1918 by the Russian Brotherhood , a social organization that served as a focal point for Belorussian immigrants who had been recruited by agents for the Abbot Worsted Company to work in its Westford mills . These primarily Russian Orthodox Christians were not allowed to have burials in some of the town 's other cemeteries , prompting the creation of this one , which is distinctive in the town as the only cemetery catering to a specific ethnic group . It has approximately 300 burials , with a significant number of early burials marked with gravestones bearing Cyrillic lettering . The cemetery remains open to members of the local Russian-American community .   The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .

neg: Person of Jewish ethnicity Person of Jewish ethnicity is а Russian euphemism for Jews .   Several officially sanctioned antisemitic campaigns took place in the Soviet Union , most notably the Doctor 's Plot and the struggle against the `` rootless cosmopolitans '' . However , Jews were never openly and officially declared the enemy of the people . Instead , several euphemisms were used , such as zionists , rootless cosmopolitans and `` persons of Jewish ethnicity '' . There was an important distinction between these words : zionist and rootless cosmopolitans served as a label for `` bad Jews '' as enemies of the state , whereas `` persons of Jewish ethnicity '' was a politically correct expression for good , loyal Jews who were called by some ordinary folks as trained Jews ( the original Russian word '' дресированные '' ( dressage ) typically refers to animals trained to perform in circus ) . However most people realized that all these euphemisms denoted all Jews . A dean of Marxism-Leninism department at one of Soviet Universities explained the policy to his students :

neg: Industrial Union Party The Industrial Union Party ( IUP ) was a US DeLeonist political party . The party proclaimed itself on 7 July 1933 at 1032 Prospect Avenue , Bronx , Branch headquarters of its predecessor Industrial Union League ( IUL ) . The new IUP immediately announced candidates in the New York City elections : Adolph Silver for Mayor , Irving Oring for Comptroller , and Sam Brandon for President of Alderman .   The party 's publication , the Industrial Unionist , was published first in May 1932 with its final issue in 1950 . Most of the IUP would later reconstitute itself as the League for Socialist Reconstruction   Noting the roots of IUP in the Socialist Labor Party ( SLP ) , IUP 's split from the SLP reflected the impact of the Great Depression and the inability of the SLP to adjust to new events . Yet the immediate roots of the Industrial Union League were in the SLP 's mass expulsion of Section Bronx during the 1920s . ( Industrial Unionist did not appear until 1932 , but its first issue included Louis Lazarowitz ' review of Walter H. Senior 's The Bankruptcy of Reform , published by the Industrial Union League itself ) .   In November 1933 a furniture union in Jamestown , New York , the United Workers of America , was founded on industrial unionist principles compatible with the views of the IUP . The union affiliated with the Bronx-based party in December of that year , and soon formed a `` mixed trades '' local in Erie , Pennsylvania .

neg: Leonid Hrach Leonid Ivanovych Hrach , also as Leonid Ivanovich Grach , is a Soviet , Ukrainian , and Russian politician .

neg: Alexander Yablonovsky Alexander Alexandrovich Yablonovsky ( Александр Александрович Яблоновский , born Снадский , Snadsky , 15 November 1870 , Kitrosanovka village , Kherson Governorate , Imperial Russia , - 3 July 1934 , Paris , France ) was a Russian writer , journalist and publicist , a prominent figure of the Russian literary emigration in Paris .

neg: Russian Soviet Government Bureau The Russian Soviet Government Bureau ( 1919-1921 ) , sometimes known as the `` Soviet Bureau , '' was an unofficial diplomatic organization established by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the United States during the Russian Civil War . The Soviet Bureau primarily functioned as a trade and information agency of the Soviet government . Suspected of engaging in political subversion , the Soviet Bureau was raided by law enforcement authorities at the behest of the Lusk Committee of the New York State legislature in 1919 . The Bureau was terminated early in 1921 .


query: Ron Perlman has a full name.

pos: Ron Perlman Ronald N. Perlman ( born April 13 , 1950 ) is an American actor and voice actor . He is best known for his roles as Clay Morrow on the television series Sons of Anarchy , Vincent on the television series Beauty and the Beast ( for which he won a Golden Globe Award ) , and as the comic book character Hellboy in both Hellboy ( 2004 ) and its sequel Hellboy II : The Golden Army ( 2008 ) .   Perlman is also well known as a frequent collaborator of Hellboy director Guillermo del Toro , also having roles in his films Cronos , Blade II and Pacific Rim . He is also known for his voice-over work as the narrator of the post-apocalyptic game series Fallout , Clayface on Batman : The Animated Series , Slade on the animated series Teen Titans , The Lich in Adventure Time , The Stabbington Brothers in Disney 's animated film Tangled , and as the narrator of the television series 1000 Ways to Die .

neg: Ron Kenoly Ron Kenoly ( born December 6 , 1944 ) is an American Christian worship leader , singer , and songwriter whose expressed mission is `` to create an environment for the manifest presence of God '' . His musical style is one of jubilant praise and individual excellence on musical instruments . Although Kenoly himself only plays on one of his recordings , he leads comfortably with his voice and is always backed up by musicians and a large choir .   He holds several degrees , including a music degree from Alameda College , a Master of Divinity from Faith Bible College , and a Doctorate of Ministry in Sacred music from Friends International Christian University . His music career began following time spent in the United States Air Force . He was originally with a group called The Mellow Fellows , but family issues caused him to leave the group . His critical success came in 1992 when Lift Him Up became the fastest selling worship album to that point . Welcome Home produced by Tom Brooks was also critically acclaimed , becoming Billboard 's `` Top Indie Contemporary Christian music album '' , and winning a Gospel Music Association Dove Award for `` Praise and Worship Album '' in 1997 . He was signed to Integrity Music , but is no longer recording for them .   He began working in full-time ministry in 1985 . He started out as a worship leader at Jubilee Christian Center in San Jose , California . Not long after that , in 1987 , he was ordained and installed as Music Pastor . As worship leader , his sole focus was leading worship service . When he became Music Pastor , he became the shepherd over the entire music department at Jubilee Christian Center . In 1993 , after the success of 2 Integrity recordings , he started receiving invitations from all over the world . Churches not only wanted him to come lead praise and worship , but also to help them develop their music departments . So shortly afterwards , he was named Ambassador of Music at Jubilee Christian Center . He was sent out from the church as an ambassador to the world to help churches develop and find the balance between worship and the Word . In 1996 , he received his Doctorate in Ministry of Sacred Music . In 1999 , he felt the call to move from California to the East Coast . So , he relocated the ministry to Central Florida where he continues to travel , speak , sing and teach and record . He sings over all the world . Kenoly has also written a few books , one of them written with his pastor , Dick Bernal .

neg: Per-Edvin Persson Per-Edvin Persson ( born 1949 in Helsinki ) is Director of Heureka , the Finnish Science Centre , since 1991 . Before that he was the Director of Science at Heureka ( 1987-1991 ) and the Director of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies ( 1983-1987 ) . Earlier he was a research scientist at the University of Helsinki , including a fellowship year at the Freshwater Institute in Winnipeg , Canada .   Persson 's specialty was tastes and odours in drinking water and fish . He published about 50 scientific papers in his specialty and on eutrophication of waters . He led the international scientific co-operation in this field in 1982-1991 .   Persson has held and holds several positions of trust in science policy . He was a member of the Board of the Academy of Finland in 1992-1994 and a member of the Nordic Science Policy Council ( Copenhagen ) in 1986-1992 . He is Chair of the Board of the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute 2012-2014 .   Persson led Heureka to success both at home and internationally . Under his leadership , Heureka 's exhibitions have travelled to 25 countries in four continents where they have been seen by 22 million visitors . Persson served as President of the Nordic Science Centre Association in 1987-1991 , of the European Science Centre Association ECSITE in 1997-1998 and of the international Association of Science-Technology Centers ( ASTC ) in 2004-2005 . He started the tradition of Science Centre World Congresses . He has held and holds several positions of trust in several countries . In Finland , he chairs the educational organisation Svenska folkskolans vänner since 2010 .   In 2007 , Persson received the ASTC Fellow Award for Outstanding Contribution . He is Knight ( 1st degree ) of the Order of the White Rose of Finland and Knight of the French order Ordre national du Mérite .

neg: Rona glassworks RONA a.s. ( distribution under RONA brand ) is a Slovak drinking glass manufacturer , established in Lednické Rovne , Slovakia , in 1892 . The name RONA comes from the former naming of the village `` Lednicz Rone '' . The company manufactures unleaded drinking glasses , known as crystal glass . 96 % of production is exported and is available in more than 80 countries worldwide . The yearly production of the company exceeds 60 million pieces ( 2016 ) . Product segments include households , the gastronomy business , aerospace , and ship catering .   Products of the company can be found at Buckingham palace and the White House . RONA created also a gift set for the football club Manchester United designed for fan shops in 2006 . At the turn of 2008 and 2009 , the company created and manufactured sets for fans of FC Barcelona , composed of stemware for champagne , red and white wines and carafes . The glass from Lednické Rovne can be found in the New York Rockefeller center 's Rainbow Room , and in luxury hotels in Dubai and Las Vegas . The glass from the RONA company is supplied to airlines including : Emirates , Qatar Airways , Etihad , KLM , and American Airlines . Relief stemware set named Harmony was presented in an American sitcom from the world of young physicists , The Big Bang Theory .   The main manufacturing programs of the glassworks :  An automatic manufacturing of the stemware with attached stem , stemware with pulled stem , large accessory pieces such as vases , bowls , carafes and other accessories  Handmade stemware , tumblers , vases , bowls , carafes and accessories  Glass ( hand made and machine made ) refinements by various glass decoration techniques ( pantograph etching , cutting , painting , engraving , spraying , screen printing , tampoprint , an automatic calibration by laser ) .

neg: Jersey Group The Jersey Group is the company of Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman .

neg: Ron Fassler Ron Fassler ( born March 4 , 1957 in New York City ) is an American film and television actor . He is best known for his role as Bryan Grazer , the LAPD captain in the Fox Network cult science fiction TV series Alien Nation . The series was canceled after a short run , but Fox brought it back in 1994 in a series of five TV movies . Fassler reprised his role as Captain Grazer in Alien Nation : Dark Horizon ( 1994 ) , Alien Nation : Body and Soul ( 1995 ) , Alien Nation : Millennium ( 1996 ) , Alien Nation : The Enemy Within ( 1996 ) , and Alien Nation : The Udara Legacy ( 1997 ) .   His first TV role was in the 1981 TV movie Senior Trip , which also starred `` Alien Nation '' co-star Jeff Marcus .  Seen as Ted Koppel in 2009 ` sWatchmen , Fassler 's first feature film appearance was in the 1990 comedy move Gremlins 2 : The New Batch ( 1990 ) . Other recent films include Charlie Wilson 's War ( 2008 ) , Hancock ( 2008 ) , Walk Hard : The Dewey Cox Story ( 2007 ) , For Your Consideration ( 2006 ) and Flags of Our Fathers ( 2006 ) .  Fassler has made many guest appearances on TV shows ranging from NYPD Blue to The Facts of Life , Matlock , 7th Heaven and Star Trek : Voyager , along with recurring roles on Sisters and the recent critically acclaimed Side Order of Life . He even did multiple episodes of The Young and the Restless as Justin Johns .  As a writer , Fassler co-wrote the Lifetime TV movie , How I Married My High School Crush ( 2007 ) and also wrote for the sitcom Murphy Brown .   More recently , Fassler had a recurring role on the Disney XD sitcom Zeke and Luther where he played reporter Dale Davis . This role has also carried over to other Disney XD sitcoms including Kickin ' It and Pair of Kings . Fassler also appeared in the 2015 movie Trumbo .   In recent years , Fassler has been directing shows at Priscilla Beach Theatre .   A memoir , `` Up in the Cheap Seats '' which chronicles Fassler 's years as a teenage theatregoer , and includes interviews with more than 100 Broadway theatre artists , will be published in the fall of 2016 .

neg: Clifford S. Perlman Clifford `` Cliff '' S. Perlman ( March 30 , 1926 -- September 4 , 2016 ) was an American entrepreneur and president and CEO of the Caesars Palace casino in Las Vegas for over a decade . During his ownership he built thousands of additional rooms to what is the current Caesars Palace . Most notably , Perlman , first introduced live sports and boxing to Las Vegas . With his brother Stuart , they founded the international fast food franchise Lum 's and bought , sold , and operated an airline .   Perlman , prior to his death , spent his time between his residences in Beverly Hills and Miami .

neg: Robert Kaufman Robert Kaufman ( March 22 , 1931 -- November 21 , 1991 ) was an American screenwriter , film producer and television writer known for such films and series as Getting Straight , Love at First Bite , She 's Out of Control , Divorce American Style , The Cool Ones , Freebie and the Bean , How to Beat the High Co $ t of Living , The Monkees , and The Ugliest Girl in Town .

neg: Greenwald Greenwald is a surname . Notable people with the surname include :   Greenwald family , the rabbinic family of Puppa ( Hasidic dynasty ) , originated from Hungary  Alex Greenwald ( born 1979 ) , American musician and actor  Andy Greenwald ( born 1977 ) , social commentator , specifically about popular music  Bruce Greenwald ( born 1946 ) , American economist  Glenn Greenwald ( born 1967 ) , attorney , journalist , blogger , author of books , NSA critic  Hank Greenwald ( born 1935 ) , former baseball announcer  Herbert Greenwald ( 1915 -- 1959 ) , real estate developer associated with Mies Van Der Rohe  Jeff Greenwald ( born 1954 ) , author , performer , and Executive Director of Ethical Traveler  Louis Greenwald ( born 1967 ) , New Jersey , USA politician  Maggie Greenwald ( born 1955 ) , American film director and writer  Michael Greenwald , birth name of Michael Kidd ( 1915 -- 2007 ) , American film and stage choreographer  Moshe Greenwald ( 1853 -- 1911 ) , Rabbi of Chust , Hungary , and author of Arugas Habosem , a book of responsa  Nora Greenwald ( born 1977 ) , also known as Molly Holly , American professional wrestler  Robert Greenwald ( born 1945 ) , American film director , film producer , and political activist

neg: Ron Roy (producer) Ron Roy is an American actor , producer , director , writer , composer and cinematographer . He is best known as the creator of the Moodtapes DVD/CD nature/relaxation series and the producer/director of the annual comedy special Stand Up Comics Take A Stand , which aired for four years nationally on The Family Channel .   He has produced and directed film , television , theater , documentaries , radio , commercials and music videos .

neg: Arnold S. Relman Arnold Seymour Relman ( June 17 , 1923 -- June 17 , 2014 ) -- known as Bud Relman to intimates -- was an American internist and professor of medicine and social medicine . He was editor of The New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM ) from 1977 to 1991 , where he instituted two important policies : one asking the popular press not to report on articles before publication and another requiring authors to disclose conflicts of interest . He wrote extensively on medical publishing and reform of the U.S. health care system , advocating non-profit delivery of single-payer health care . Relman ended his career as professor emeritus at Harvard Medical School in Boston , Massachusetts .

neg: Howard V. Perlmutter Howard V. Perlmutter ( 4 November 19258 November 2011 ) was an expert on Globalization and Internationalization of Companies . He specialized in the development of international enterprises .   He became famous for his 1969 publication of the so-called EPG Model , which he expanded in 1979 together with his colleague David A. Heenan to become the EPRG-Model . The model 's name is an acronym based on the names of the three basic international mindsets of managers described in the model ( Ethnocentrism , Polycentrism , Geocentrism ) and later also Regiocentrism . The model is still basic in international management and international HR management .

neg: Ronald Caltabiano Ronald Caltabiano ( born December 7 , 1959 ) is an American arts administrator and composer of contemporary classical music , with his music showing elements of modernism and romanticism .   He holds B.M. , M.M. , and D.M.A. degrees from the Juilliard School , where he studied composition with Elliott Carter and Vincent Persichetti . He also has studied composition with Peter Maxwell Davies and conducting with Harold Farberman and Gennady Rozhdestvensky . His music has been commissioned by the Emerson Quartet , the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center , the San Francisco Symphony , the Dallas Symphony Orchestra , and the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra ; additional ensembles that have performed his works include the Arditti Quartet , the BBC Symphony Orchestra , the Hong Kong Sinfonietta , and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra . A theatrical work , the chamber opera Marrying the Hangman ( 1999 ) , is on a text by Margaret Atwood and was written for the Psappha New Music Ensemble .   Caltabiano has received awards from the American Academy of Arts and Letters , the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation , the Rockefeller Foundation , Broadcast Music , Inc. ( BMI ) , and the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) .   Caltabiano worked as an assistant to Aaron Copland during the last five years of that composer 's life , and has served on the faculties of the Manhattan School of Music , Peabody Institute ( Peabody Conservatory ) of the Johns Hopkins University , and San Francisco State University , where he also was Associate Dean of the College of Creative Arts until June 2011 .   In January 2011 Ronald Caltabiano was named dean of the Jordan College of Fine Arts at Butler University ( Indianapolis , Indiana ) .   Caltabiano is currently the dean of the DePaul School of Music

neg: Ron MacLean Ronald Joseph Corbett `` Ron '' MacLean ( born April 12 , 1960 ) is a Canadian sportscaster for the CBC and Sportsnet who is best known as the host of Hockey Night in Canada from 1986 to 2014 and 2016 to present , and is also a hockey referee .

neg: Ron Rubin (voice actor) Ron Rubin ( born May 12 , 1959 ) is a Canadian veteran voice actor who has worked on many animation series including X-Men ( Morph ) , Avengers ( The Vision ) , C.O.P.S. ( Dr Badvibes ) , Police Academy ( Carey Mahoney ) , Beetlejuice ( Doom Buggy ) , Stickin ' Around ( Mr Lederhosen ) and Care Bears ( Messy Bear ) . His voice is most easily recognized as that of Artemis from the English translation of Sailor Moon .

neg: Ronald Rand Ronald Rand is an American stage and film actor , educator , director , playwright , producer , and newspaper publisher . A U.S. Cultural Goodwill Ambassador , Rand has performed his one-man show , `` Let It Be Art ! '' as Harold Clurman since 2001 in 23 countries and 20 states.Founder and Publisher of the newspaper , The Soul of the American Actor , he is also the author of Acting Teachers of America .

neg: Nathan D. Perlman Nathan David Perlman ( August 2 , 1887 -- June 29 , 1952 ) was an American lawyer and politician from New York .

neg: POV (TV series) POV ( also written P.O.V. ) is a Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) public television series which features independent nonfiction films . POV is an initialism for point of view .   POV is the longest-running showcase on television for independent documentary films . PBS presents 14 -- 16 POV programs each year , and the series has premiered over 400 films to U.S. television audiences since 1988 . POVs films have a strong first-person , social-issue focus . Many established directors , including Michael Moore , Jonathan Demme , Terry Zwigoff , Errol Morris , Albert and David Maysles , Michael Apted , Frederick Wiseman , Marlon Riggs , and Ross McElwee have had work screened as part of the POV series .   The series has garnered both critical and industry acclaim over its almost 30 years on television . POV films have won every major film and broadcasting award including 34 Emmys , 19 George Foster Peabody Awards , 12 Alfred I. duPont-Columbia Broadcast Journalism Awards , three Academy Awards , the first-ever George Polk Documentary Film Award and the Prix Italia . It is a project of the independent non-profit , American Documentary , Inc. .

neg: Leon M. Lederman Leon Max Lederman ( born July 15 , 1922 ) is an American experimental physicist who received the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1982 , along with Martin Lewis Perl , for their research on quarks and leptons , and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988 , along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger , for their research on neutrinos . He is Director Emeritus of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( Fermilab ) in Batavia , Illinois , USA . He founded the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy , in Aurora , Illinois in 1986 , and has been Resident Scholar Emeritus since 2012 . In 2012 , he was awarded the Vannevar Bush Award for his extraordinary contributions to understanding the basic forces and particles of nature .

neg: Hulman family The Hulman family is a family of Indiana businesspeople and philanthropists best known as the owners of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway , the Indy Racing League and Hulman & Co. , which produces Clabber Girl Baking Powder .   Notable members include :   Anton `` Tony '' Hulman and Mary Fendrich Hulman  Their daughter Mari Hulman George ( born Mary Antonia Hulman )  Her son Tony George ( born Anton Hulman George )  His step-son Ed Carpenter ( racing driver )   Category : People from Indianapolis  Category : Families from Indiana

neg: Peter A. Rona Peter Arnold Rona ( August 17 , 1934 -- February 20 , 2014 ) was an American oceanographer . He was also a professor of Earth and planetary sciences at Rutgers University .