query: Ayn Rand was not a playwright.

pos: Ayn Rand Ayn Rand ( -LSB- ˈaɪn_ˈrænd -RSB- born Alisa Zinov ` yevna Rosenbaum , Али́са Зино́вьевна Розенба́ум -- March 6 , 1982 ) was a Russian-American novelist , philosopher , playwright , and screenwriter . She is known for her two best-selling novels , The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged , and for developing a philosophical system she called Objectivism . Educated in Russia , she moved to the United States in 1926 . She had a play produced on Broadway in 1935 -- 1936 . After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful in America , she achieved fame with her 1943 novel , The Fountainhead .   In 1957 , Rand published her best-known work , the novel Atlas Shrugged . Afterward , she turned to non-fiction to promote her philosophy , publishing her own magazines and releasing several collections of essays until her death in 1982 . Rand advocated reason as the only means of acquiring knowledge , and rejected faith and religion . She supported rational and ethical egoism , and rejected altruism . In politics , she condemned the initiation of force as immoral , and opposed collectivism and statism as well as anarchism , and instead supported laissez-faire capitalism , which she defined as the system based on recognizing individual rights . In art , Rand promoted romantic realism . She was sharply critical of most philosophers and philosophical traditions known to her , except for Aristotle , Thomas Aquinas , and classical liberals .   Literary critics received Rand 's fiction with mixed reviews , and academia generally ignored or rejected her philosophy , though academic interest has increased in recent decades . The Objectivist movement attempts to spread her ideas , both to the public and in academic settings . She has been a significant influence among libertarians and American conservatives .

neg: William James Royce William James Royce is an American playwright/director , screenwriter , and novelist .

neg: Green World Green World is a literary concept defined by critic Northrop Frye in The Anatomy of Criticism . In some comedies by William Shakespeare , the main characters escape the order of a city for a forested and wild setting adjacent to the city . This natural environment is often described as a green world . It is in this more loosely structured , fantastic environment that issues surrounding social order , romantic relationships , and inter-generational strife , which are a prominent part of the `` city world '' , become resolved , facilitating a return to the normal order . Recent literary critics drawn to ecocriticism have occasionally found the concept valuable to their work as well .

neg: Themes in Titus Andronicus Although traditionally Titus Andronicus has been seen as one of Shakespeare 's least respected plays , its fortunes have changed somewhat in the latter half of the twentieth century , with numerous scholars arguing that the play is more accomplished than has hitherto been allowed for . In particular , scholars have argued that the play is far more thematically complex than has traditionally been thought , and features profound insights into Ancient Rome , Elizabethan society , and the human condition . Such scholars tend to argue that these previously unacknowledged insights have only become apparent during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as only now has the ultraviolent content of the play achieved a sense of relevance . For example , in his 1987 edition of the play for the Contemporary Shakespeare series , A.L. Rowse writes ; `` in the civilised Victorian age the play could not be performed because it could not be believed . Such is the horror of our own age , with the appalling barbarities of prison camps and resistance movements paralleling the torture and mutilation and feeding on human flesh of the play , that it has ceased to be improbable . '' Similarly , director Julie Taymor , who staged a production Off-Broadway in 1994 and directed a film version in 1999 , says she was drawn to the play because she found it to be the most `` relevant of Shakespeare 's plays for the modern era ; '' She feels that the play has more relevance for us than it had for the Victorians ; `` it seems like a play written for today , it reeks of now . '' Because of this new found relevance , previously unrecognised thematic strands have thus come to the forefront .   This article presents an overview of four of the most prominent themes in the play .

neg: Dickens' Women Dickens ' Women is a one person show written by Miriam Margolyes and Sonia Fraser and starring Margolyes .   The play includes 23 different characters ( male and female ) based on or inspired by characters in Charles Dickens ' novels .   The Sydney Morning Herald wrote that the `` elegantly crafted production puts the focus on the storyteller '' ( Dickens ) , highlighting his `` obsession with youthful beauty and his baffling relationships with his sisters-in-law '' . The Age noted that it `` combines character sketches , short readings , biographical material and mordant commentary '' .   The show was developed in 1989 for the Edinburgh Festival , and Margolyes has taken it on tour worldwide , including a 2007 tour to Australia and New Zealand . Margolyes was nominated for an Olivier Award in 1992 for her original West End season of the show .   Dickens ' Women was taken on a world tour in 2012 as part of the 200th anniversary celebrations of Dickens ' birth .

neg: Utopian and dystopian fiction The utopia and its derivative , the dystopia , are genres of literature that explore social and political structures . Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author 's ethos , having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers . Dystopian ( or dystopic ) fiction ( sometimes combined with , but distinct from apocalyptic literature ) is the opposite : the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author 's ethos . Many novels combine both , often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take , depending on its choices , ending up with one of two possible futures . Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres , and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction .   More than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone , with more than a thousand others during the twentieth century .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Archetypal literary criticism Archetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myths and archetypes ( from the Greek archē , `` beginning , '' and typos , `` imprint '' ) in the narrative , symbols , images , and character types in literary work . As a form of literary criticism , it dates back to 1934 when Maud Bodkin published Archetypal Patterns in Poetry .   Archetypal literary criticism 's origins are rooted in two other academic disciplines , social anthropology and psychoanalysis ; each contributed to literary criticism in separate ways , with the latter being a sub-branch of critical theory . Archetypal criticism was at its most popular in the 1940s and 1950s , largely due to the work of Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye . Though archetypal literary criticism is no longer widely practiced , nor have there been any major developments in the field , it still has a place in the tradition of literary studies .

neg: Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation .   Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare   Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .

neg: Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars The Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars is an academic program offering undergraduate and graduate degrees in writing in the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences at Johns Hopkins University .   Founded in 1947 , notable faculty of the program have included Edward Albee , John Barth , Madison Smartt Bell , J. M. Coetzee , Mary Jo Salter , Stephen Dixon , Mark Hertsgaard , Brad Leithauser , John Irwin , David Yezzi , J.D. McClatchy , Alice McDermott , Mark Crispin Miller , Wyatt Prunty , David St. John , Mark Strand , and Robert Stone .   Writers Jean McGarry and Mary Jo Salter currently co-chair the program , the reputation of which has risen and fallen over the years . In 1997 , US News and World Report ranked the program second in the United States out of sixty-five eligible full-residency MFA programs , though as the Baltimore City Paper reported , `` What is interesting about the U.S. News rankings is that they are based on reputation -- not test scores , job-placement rates , or student satisfaction . '' In 2011 , Poets & Writers ranked Hopkins seventeenth nationally out of 157 eligible full-residency MFA programs . The long respected Science Writing program was closed down in 2013 as an on-campus program , but was re-established as an online/low residency program shortly thereafter .

neg: The New World (newspaper) The New World was a weekly newspaper in New York City , New York , in the United States.The New World was published from October 1839 to 1845 by J. Winchester . The paper was founded and edited by Park Benjamin Sr. . It billed itself as an apolitical `` family newspaper '' , featuring British and American literature and religious discourses . The paper 's masthead reads : `` No pent-up Utica contracts our powers ; The whole unbounded Continent is ours ! , '' a quote originally attributed to Jonathan M. Sewall from his epilogue to Cato , a Tragedy in 1778 .   Notable contributions include :  Charles Dickens ' Barnaby Rudge , reprinted in 1841 in weekly installments after its original appearance in Master Humphrey 's Clock .  Thomas Carlyle 's six-part lecture series On Heroes , Hero-Worship , and The Heroic in History , printed in 1841 .  Thomas Moore 's `` Fifteen Songs , '' a collection of unpublished songs published in 1841 , which were later released in The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore .  Anna Cora Mowatt 's complete play , Gulzara or The Persian Slave : 1 drama in Five Acts , in 1841 .  E.P. Hurlbut 's `` The Rights of Woman , '' later published in his work , Essays on Human Rights and their Political Gauranties in 1845 . Hurlbut knew Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 follows many of the examples set forth in `` The Rights of Woman . ''  G.P.R. James ' complete novels , The Jacquerie and Morley Ernstein ; or , The Tenants of the Heart , both published in extra editions in 1842 .  Sarah Stickney Ellis ' complete novel , Summer and Winter in the Pyrenees .

neg: Poets House Poets House is a national literary center and poetry library based in New York City . With more than 60,000 volumes of poetry , the library is the premier independent poetry library in the United States . It is free and open to the public .   Founded in 1985 by the late Stanley Kunitz , two-time poet laureate of the United States , and arts administrator Elizabeth Kray , Poets House contains virtually all poetry books published in the U.S. since 1990 , plus many that are long out of print dating to the early 20th Century . It also contains literary journals and chapbooks ( small , self-published books of poetry ) , and many audiotapes , videotapes , CDs , and DVDs of poetry readings from the mid-twentieth century through today . Visitors to Poets House can hear the voices of Walt Whitman , E. E. Cummings , William Carlos Williams , Sylvia Plath and hundreds of other poets .   Every year , Poets House hosts the Poets House Showcase , which gathers and displays every book of poetry published in the United States in the preceding year . Poets House also curates and presents hundreds of readings , lectures , panels , symposiums and performances each year .   In 1996 , the literary newspaper Poetry Flash called Poets House `` The House That Holds A Country , '' a reference to its dedication to being a caretaker of the nation 's poetic heritage .   In 2005 , it was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg .   In 2009 , Poets House moved from its longstanding location in SoHo to an eco-friendly `` green '' building at Ten River Terrace in Lower Manhattan 's Battery Park City . With a long-term lease ( until 2069 ) awarded by the Battery Park City Authority , Poets House has a permanent home for its collection .   This new home for Poets House , with interiors designed by architect Louise Braverman , is on two floors covering 11000 sqft with a large children 's room , an exhibition space , a reading room and library , and a program hall that opens onto an extension of Teardrop Park . With views of the Hudson River and the Statue of Liberty , the new Poets House is bordered by Nelson A Rockefeller Park and is in walking distance of numerous subway and bus lines as well as the Port Authority Ferry Terminal at the World Financial Center . A public grand opening of the new facility took place on September 25 and 26 of 2009 .   `` For nearly 25 years Poets House has been an anchor for poets and poetry lovers , '' noted Robin Pogrebin in the New York Times .   Poets House is free and open to the public . Library hours are Tuesday-Friday , 11am to 7pm , and Saturdays , 11am to 6pm . The Children 's Room is open 11am to 3pm .

neg: In Defense of Reason In Defense of Reason is a collection of three volumes of literary criticisms by the American poet and literary critic Yvor Winters . First published in 1947 , the book is fairly well known in literary circles , both British and American , particularly for its meticulous study of metrical verse and Winters ' system of ethical criticism . Scholars and writers still mention or cite the book somewhat often in scholarly monographs to the present . It remains in print through the Ohio University Press .   The collection consists of three books of critical essays that Winters had written earlier . The first , Primitivism and Decadence : A Study of American Experimental Poetry , is Winters ' revised doctoral dissertation on the classification and analysis of poetic structures . The second , Maule 's Curse : Seven Studies in the History of American Obscurantism , is a study of seven prominent American novelists and poets of the 19th century . The third , The Anatomy of Nonsense , is a study of several prominent writers associated with modernism . The book also features three general essays that are crucial to understanding Winters as a critic and poet : the Foreword to the whole collection , `` Preliminary Problems , '' which is in effect the introduction to The Anatomy of Nonsense , and `` The Significance of ` The Bridge , ' by Hart Crane , or ` What Are We to Do with Professor X ? ' '' a stand-alone essay that ends the book .   Though he started his poetic career in the early 1920s as a free-verse imagist , by late in that decade Winters had become a modern classicist , of a sort . He argued that poets should use metrical verse more often in their compositions . He also argued that poems should have rational structures and favor discursive language rather than the loose , associationist structures and styles favored by the moderns , which emphasize the emotions and personal expression . As explained in these essays , Winters considered the moderns the literary descendants of Romanticism .   __ TOC __

neg: The Kilroys' List The Kilroys ' List is a gender parity initiative to end the `` systematic underrepresentation of female and trans * playwrights '' in the American theater industry . Gender disparity is defined as the gap of unproduced playwrights ' whose plays are being discriminated against based on the writer 's gender identification and intersectional identities of race , sexual orientation , ethnicity , socioeconomic class , age , and ability . Recent statistical research released in November 2015 , entitled The Count , gathered that 22 % of total surveyed professional productions from 2011-2013 annual seasons were written by women playwrights , 3.8 % of the total were written by women playwrights of color , and 0.4 % of the total were written by foreign women playwrights of color . 78 % of total surveyed professional productions were written by men playwrights .   First released in June 2014 , The List is an annual collection of highly-recommended contemporary plays written by female and trans * identified authors , which are read or seen by an industry professional within the last twelve months.The List was established by the The Kilroys , a group of Los Angeles-based female-identified playwrights and producers who were tired of their plays remaining unproduced while artistic directors claimed `` We chose the best plays '' for their theater companies ' annual seasons . The namesake of The Kilroys originated from the World War II graffiti tag , `` Kilroy Was Here . '' The tagline for The Kilroys is `` We Make Trouble and Plays . '' The Kilroys members include : Zakiyyah Alexander , Bekah Brunstetter , Sheila Callaghan , Carla Ching , Annah Feinberg , Sarah Gubbins , Laura Jacqmin , Joy Meads , Kelly Miller , Meg Miroshnik , Daria Polatin , Tanya Saracho , and Marisa Wegrzyn .   The List 2014 featured the Top 46 , a collection of 46 plays highly-recommended by selected Nominators . The Nominators consisted of a number of contemporary theater artists and administrators currently working in the theater industry .   The 2015 List : The Top 7 % featured 53 plays .

neg: League of American Writers The League of American Writers was an association of American novelists , playwrights , poets , journalists , and literary critics launched by the Communist Party USA ( CPUSA ) in 1935 . The group included Communist Party members , and so-called `` fellow travelers '' who closely followed the Communist Party 's political line without being formal party members , as well as individuals sympathetic to specific policies being advocated by the organization .   The League 's policy objectives changed over time in accord with the shifting party line of the CPUSA . Beginning as an anti-fascist organization in 1935 , the League turned to an anti-war position following the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 and to a pro-war position after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 . The organization was prominent in the defense of Republican Spain during the Spanish Civil War and in providing financial and moral support to writers in need in the United States and internationally .   The organization was terminated in January 1943 .

neg: The Passion of Ayn Rand The Passion of Ayn Rand is a biography of Ayn Rand by writer and lecturer Barbara Branden , a former friend and business associate . Published by Doubleday in 1986 , it was the first full-length biography of Rand , and was the basis for the 1999 film of the same name with Helen Mirren playing the part of Rand .

neg: The Early Ayn Rand The Early Ayn Rand : A Selection from Her Unpublished Fiction is an anthology of unpublished early fiction written by Ayn Rand , first published in 1984 , two years after her death . The selections include short stories , plays , and excerpts of material cut from her novels We the Living and The Fountainhead .

neg: Paterson (poem) Paterson is an epic poem by American poet William Carlos Williams published , in five volumes , from 1946 to 1958 . The origin of the poem was an eighty-five line long poem written in 1926 , after Williams had read and been influenced by James Joyce 's novel Ulysses . As he continued writing lyric poetry , Williams spent increasing amounts of time on Paterson , honing his approach to it both in terms of style and structure . While The Cantos of Ezra Pound and The Bridge by Hart Crane could be considered partial models , Williams was intent on a documentary method that differed from both these works , one that would mirror `` the resemblance between the mind of modern man and the city . ''   While Williams might or might not have said so himself , commentators such as Christoper Beach and Margaret Lloyd have called Paterson his response to T.S. Eliot 's The Waste Land and Pound 's Cantos . The long gestation time of Paterson before its first book was published was due in large part to Williams 's honing of prosody outside of conventional meter and his development of an overall structure that would stand on a par with Eliot and Pound yet remain endemically American , free from past influences and older forms .   The poem is composed of five books and a fragment of a sixth book . The five books of Paterson were published separately in 1946 , 1948 , 1949 , 1951 and 1958 , and the entire work collected under one cover in 1963 . A revised edition was released in 1992 . This corrected a number of printing and other textual errors in the original , especially discrepancies between prose citations in their original sources and how they appeared in Williams 's poem . Paterson is set in Paterson , New Jersey , whose long history allowed Williams to give depth to the America he wanted to write about , and the Paterson Falls , which powered the town 's industry , became a central image and source of energy for the poem .

neg: Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever .   As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States .   As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . ''   Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre .  Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) .   Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .

neg: POETICS list The University of Buffalo POETICS listserv ( informally and variously known as UBPOETICS or the POETICS list ) is one of the oldest and most widely known mailing lists devoted to the discussion of contemporary North American poetry and poetics . It began on 8 December 1993 , although the most easily accessible archive only contains messages from after the middle of 1994 . A number of influential poets and critics associated with various movements in contemporary poetry , including Marjorie Perloff and Charles Bernstein , are list subscribers . Estimates of list membership numbers vary , but are around 1800 readers .   It is run on servers owned by University at Buffalo , and is associated with that school 's graduate program in poetics . It is a closed list with submitted postings selected by the administrator and editor Amy King . The list has undergone numerous controversies over the years ; in 1999 , Bernstein briefly shut down the list allegedly in response to a large number of postings by one subscriber , Henry Gould , who denies his postings as the cause . The list later reopened . Currently the list provides for a mild amount of moderation by the list owners , with most messages `` pre-approved '' ; the new list rules also state that :   `` We generally do not accept postings of creative work not directed toward a discussion of poetics issues on the list . The Poetics List is not a venue for the posting of free-standing , personal poems or journal entries . However , the Poetics List editor may occasionally solicit or approve poems for posting on the list . ''   In the early days of the list , membership , list discussions and even the existence of the list itself were kept private , and members were required not to discuss the contents of list postings or the list itself with `` outsiders . '' People who wished to join the list were asked to provide a short `` personal statement '' before being approved . `` Real names '' were also required . These requirements have been relaxed in recent years , although some remain technically in force .   In 2001 the list served as the main forum for a protest against the appointment of Billy Collins as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress . Members of the list participated in the election of an anti-laureate run by Robert Archambeau . Anselm Hollo was elected to this honorary position

neg: Meg Miroshnik Meg Miroshnik ( born , Minneapolis ) is an American playwright .


query: A Game of Thrones is a novel by the author Jane Austen.

pos: A Game of Thrones A Game of Thrones is the first novel in A Song of Ice and Fire , a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin . It was first published on August 1 , 1996 . The novel won the 1997 Locus Award and was nominated for both the 1997 Nebula Award and the 1997 World Fantasy Award . The novella Blood of the Dragon , comprising the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel , won the 1997 Hugo Award for Best Novella . In January 2011 the novel became a New York Times bestseller and reached # 1 on the list in July 2011 .   In the novel , recounting events from various points of view , Martin introduces the plot-lines of the noble houses of Westeros , the Wall , and the Targaryens . The novel has inspired several spin-off works , including several games . It is also the basis for the first season of Game of Thrones , an HBO television series that premiered in April 2011 . A March 2013 paperback TV tie-in re-edition was also titled Game of Thrones , excluding the indefinite article `` A '' .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Bennet family The Bennet family are a fictional family of dwindling Hertfordshire landed gentry , created by English novelist Jane Austen . The family plays a central role in the novel Pride and Prejudice , since it is the one to which the protagonist , Elizabeth , belongs . The complex relationships between its various members influence the evolution of the plot .   In a society where marriage is the only possible future for a young girl of good family , the presence in the household of five girls to marry with no other advantage than their good looks can only be a source of concern . Yet the Bennet couple do not assume their role as educators : the mother repeatedly makes a spectacle of herself , incapable of realizing that her behaviour is more likely to put off any rich , eligible young man who noticed the oldest and most pretty of her daughters . All the while , the father , an indifferent husband , whose mocking gaze only makes things worse , since he has long-since given up on reining in her behaviour , more intent on ` enjoying the show ' than in correcting her behaviour , and the behaviour of his younger daughters , regardless of how negatively it affects his daughters ' chances of respectable matches .   These girls show very different behaviors according to the education they received or provided themselves : the two eldest daughters , Jane and Elizabeth , show irreproachable conduct and are appreciated by their father , while Mary , less physically attractive , displays intellectual and musical pretensions , and the two youngest are both left almost abandoned to run wild under the sloppy , careless supervision of their ineffectual mother .   Other members of the Bennets staged by Jane Austen are , on the one hand Mrs Bennet 's brother and sister -- Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips , on the other hand the designated heir of Mr. Bennet 's estate , his distant paternal second cousin , the pompous and foolish Mr. William Collins . Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips contribute significantly to the progress and outcome of the story , but at a level and in a different register reflecting their respective social belonging . Collins 's character serves as a link between the gentry of Hertfordshire , to which the Bennets belong , and the large property owners Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Mr. Darcy .   The legal , financial or emotional interests that unite or divide the members of the Bennet family allow Jane Austen to build a complex picture of society and to raise a number of societal issues specific to her time , particularly concerning girls ' education and legitimacy of certain behaviors .

neg: The Climb (Game of Thrones) `` The Climb '' is the sixth episode of the third season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and the 26th episode of the series . Directed by Alik Sakharov and written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , it aired on May 5 , 2013 .   The episode 's title comes from climbing of the wall by Jon Snow and Ygritte , and also the references from dialogue between Lord Petyr Baelish and Lord Varys .

neg: Bloody Assizes The Bloody Assizes were a series of trials started at Winchester on 25 August 1685 in the aftermath of the Battle of Sedgemoor , which ended the Monmouth Rebellion in England .   There were five judges -- Sir William Montague ( Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer ) , Sir Robert Wright , Sir Francis Wythens , ( Justice of the King 's Bench ) , Sir Creswell Levinz ( Justice of the Common Pleas ) and Sir Henry Pollexfen , led by Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys .   Over 1,000 rebels were in prison awaiting the trials , which started in Winchester on 26 August . The first notable trial was that of an elderly gentlewoman named Dame Alice Lyle . The jury reluctantly found her guilty , and , the law recognising no distinction between principals and accessories in treason , she was sentenced to be burned . This was commuted to beheading , with the sentence being carried out in Winchester market-place on 2 September 1685 .   From Winchester the court proceeded through the West Country to Salisbury , Dorchester and on to Taunton , before finishing up at Wells on 23 September . More than 1,400 prisoners were dealt with and although most were sentenced to death , fewer than 300 were hanged or hanged , drawn and quartered . The Taunton Assize took place in the Great Hall of Taunton Castle ( now the home of the Museum of Somerset ) . Of more than 500 prisoners brought before the court on the 18/19 September , 144 were hanged and their remains displayed around the county to ensure people understood the fate of those who rebelled against the king .   Some 800 -- 850 men were transported to the West Indies where they were worth more alive than dead as a source of cheap labour . ( The novel Captain Blood , and the later movies based on it , graphically portray this punishment . ) Others were imprisoned to await further trial , although many did not live long enough , succumbing to ` Gaol Fever ' ( typhus ) , which was rife in the unsanitary conditions common to most English gaols at that time . A woman named Elizabeth Gaunt had the gruesome distinction of being the last woman burnt alive in England for political crimes .   Jeffreys returned to London after the Assizes to report to King James , who rewarded him by making him Lord Chancellor ( at the age of only 40 ) , ` For the many eminent and faithful services to the Crown ' . Jeffreys became known as `` the hanging judge '' .   After the Glorious Revolution , Jeffreys was incarcerated in the Tower of London , where he died in 1689 . His death was probably due to his chronic medical history of kidney and bladder stones leading to an acute infection , kidney failure and possibly toxaemia .   Writing as recently as 1929 , Sir John C. Fox said : Even to the present day , the mothers of West Somerset control their unruly offspring by threatening to send for ` Judge Jeffreys ' .

neg: Throne of Glass Throne of Glass is a young adult high fantasy novel series by American author Sarah J. Maas , beginning with the inaugural entry of the same name . The story follows the journey of Celaena Sardothien , a teenage assassin in a corrupted kingdom with a tyrannical ruler . As the tale progresses , Celaena forms unexpected bonds and uncovers a conspiracy amidst her adventures . The series has appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list . It has been optioned for a TV series by Mark Gordon and will premiere on Hulu .

neg: Jane Barker Jane Barker ( 1652-1732 ) was a popular English fiction writer , poet , and a staunch Jacobite . She went into self-imposed exile when James II fled England during the Glorious Revolution in 1688 . Her novels , The Amours of Bosvil and Galesia , also published as Love Intrigues ( 1713 ) , Exilius or The Banish 'd Roman ( 1715 ) , A Patchwork Screen for the Ladies ( 1723 ) , and The Lining of the Patchwork Screen for the Ladies ( 1726 ) were written after she returned to London in 1704 . Prior to and during her exile , she wrote a collection of poems justifying the value of feminine education and female single life , `` Poetical Recreations '' ( 1688 ) , and a group of political poems , `` A Collection of Poems Referring to the Times '' ( 1701 ) , which conveyed her anxiety about the political future of England .   Although not known for her letter writing , four extant letters are located in the British Library and within the Magdalen Manuscript at the Oxford Magdalen library , written between 1670-88 . Jane Barker was one of the first female authors to publish writings both in manuscript and print form , allowing modern scholars to study `` the passage of Barker 's poetry from coterie circles to larger , more impersonal communities of readers '' Never married , Jane Barker died quietly in 1732 .

neg: Lady Catherine de Bourgh Lady Catherine de Bourgh ( née Fitzwilliam ) is a character in the 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen . According to Janet Todd , Lady Catherine de Bourgh can be seen as a foil to the novel 's protagonist Elizabeth Bennet as Elizabeth is seen as wild while Lady Catherine is seen as strict to the rules of society and Elizabeth seems to contradict in her actions many of the ideals that Lady Catherine presents .

neg: Eunuchs in popular culture Eunuchs have appeared many times in popular culture .   The Eunuch , a comedy by Roman playwright Terence .  In The Country Wife , the main character , Mr. Horner , pretends to be a man turned eunuch by impotence caused by syphilis in order to gain access to the bedrooms of married women .  Being proud of not being a eunuch is the subject of the song `` At Least You 're Not a Eunuch '' in the play Life and Death in Jaffna ( The Musical ! ) '' by Edward Cress  Eunuchs appear often as villains in Hong Kong kung fu and wuxia films set in ancient China . For example , the films `` Dragon Inn ( Xin long men ke zhan ) '' , `` Butterfly and Sword ( Xin liu xing hu die jian ) '' , and `` A Touch of Zen ( Hsia nu ) '' all feature a eunuch or a group of eunuchs as the main villain . A popular eunuch villain used in ancient China stories is Eunuch Wei , who is based on a historical figure named Wei Zhongxian . Eunuch villains are usually in charge of powerful political posts , such as being the leader of the East Chamber .  The Queen Salmissra , in David Eddings ' The Belgariad and The Malloreon , is only allowed to be served by eunuchs . Her Chief Eunuch Sadi becomes a principal character in The Malloreon , and is referred to in `` The Prophecy '' as `` The Man who is no Man . ''  The character and narrator Taita in Wilbur Smith 's `` Egyptian '' ( 1991 - ) series of novels is a eunuch ( performed as a punishment while a slave ) .  Bagoas was the eunuch favorite of Alexander the Great ( referenced above ) . Bagoas is the main character and narrator of The Persian Boy , a 1972 historical novel by Mary Renault .  Punk rock band the Descendents wrote a song about a eunuch called `` Eunuch Boy '' , which was on their 1996 comeback album Everything Sucks .  Eunuchs feature prominently in Montesquieu 's 1722 novel Lettres persanes , supposedly about Persian visitors to eighteenth-century France .  Varys , a character in George R. R. Martin 's series A Song of Ice and Fire , later made into the HBO series Game of Thrones , is a eunuch by castration .  A historical mystery series written by Mary Reed and Eric Mayer , beginning in 1999 , details investigations carried out by John , the eunuch Lord Chamberlain to Emperor Justinian I , in and around the sixth-century imperial court in Constantinople .  In the 2006 film One Night With the King , Hadassah 's ( Esther 's ) would-be boyfriend , Jesse , is captured by the Persian empire and castrated .  The 2002 historical science fiction novel The Years of Rice and Salt features many eunuchs in its opening section , including the character Kyu and the historical Chinese admiral Zheng He .  Three best-selling novels by Jason Goodwin , The Janissary Tree , The Snake Stone and The Bellini Card , chronicle the investigations of Yashim Togalu , a Turkish eunuch detective to the Sultan 's royal court , in the Ottoman Empire of the 1830s .  The historical novel Memoirs of a Byzantine Eunuch , by Christopher Harris ( 2002 Dedalus Books , ISBN 1-903517-03-6 )  The Japanese novel ( and later anime series ) Ai no Kusabi has within their caste system `` Furniture '' , or eunuchs who act as servants to the highest social class . The character Katze was once Furniture , but now works on the black market .  In the Japanese anime Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion ( R2 ) the de facto rulers of the communist Chinese Federation are a group of eight eunuchs called `` High Eunuchs . ''  The character Naboo the Enigma from the British comedy act and television series The Mighty Boosh is a eunuch .  For the greater part of Iain Banks 's 1984 novel The Wasp Factory , the 16-year-old narrator Frank Cauldhame claims to be a eunuch , the result of being savaged by a dog when he was an infant . At the novels climax , Frank discovers that she was in fact born female .  In the TV show Major Dad , a eunuch was in charge of the Security wives of Emir of Katodd .  One of the characters that Voltaire 's Candide meets on his adventures is a eunuch .  The Vampire Eli in John Ajvide Lindqvist 's novel Let The Right One In is a eunuch . However , this detail is not made abundantly clear in the book 's 2008 Film adaptation of the same title .  The Yellow Bastard of the Sin City franchise .  In the Red Dwarf episode `` Quarantine '' , Rimmer is said to have been Alexander the Great 's chief eunuch in a past life .  In the manga `` Red River ( manga ) '' one of the main villains , Urhi , is a eunuch .  The eunuch Manan is a major character in The Tombs of Atuan , the second book from Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea series . The story largely takes place in a large convent where no men are allowed , so a number of other eunuchs are mentioned .  In Robert E. Howard 's short story The Scarlet Citadel , the main antagonist has a eunuch prison guard named Shukeli . It is stated that in him , normal human passions have been replaced by extreme sadism .  In William Shakespeare 's play `` Twelfth Night '' , Viola initially decides to disguise herself as a eunuch named Cesario in order to serve Duke Orsino .  In the 2015 video game The Witcher 3 : Wild Hunt , the loyal servant and bookie of head Redanian Intelligence Sigismund Dijkstra is a eunuch , called Happen the Eunuch . He takes care of the Bathhouse in Novigrad , which is open to both sexes .   Category : Topics in popular culture

neg: The Boleyn Inheritance The Boleyn Inheritance is a novel by British author Philippa Gregory which was first published in 2006 . It is a direct sequel to her previous novel The Other Boleyn Girl , and one of the additions to her six-part series on the Tudor royals . ( The other titles in the series are The Constant Princess , The Queen 's Fool , The Virgin 's Lover , and The Other Queen . ) * The novel is told through the first-person narratives of -- Anne of Cleves , Katherine Howard , and Jane Boleyn , who was mentioned in The Other Boleyn Girl . It covers a period from 1539 until 1542 and chronicles the fourth and fifth marriages of King Henry VIII of England .

neg: Sarah Villiers, Countess of Jersey Sarah Sophia Child Villiers , Countess of Jersey ( 4 March 1785 -- 26 January 1867 ) , was an English noblewoman , and through her marriage a member of the Villiers family . She was the eldest daughter of John Fane , 10th Earl of Westmorland , and Sarah Anne Child . Her mother was the only child of Robert Child , the principal shareholder in the banking firm Child & Co. . Under the terms of his will , the Countess of Jersey was the primary legatee , and she not only inherited Osterley Park but became senior partner of the bank . Her husband , George Villiers , added the surname Child by royal licence .   Lady Jersey married George Child Villiers , 5th Earl of Jersey , on 23 May 1804 , in the drawing room of her house in Berkeley Square . Her husband 's mother , Frances Villiers , Countess of Jersey ( also Lady Jersey ) , was one of the more notorious mistresses of King George IV when he was Prince of Wales . Her sister Maria married John Ponsonby , Viscount Duncannon , later the 4th Earl of Bessborough , a brother of Lady Caroline Lamb . Her own affairs , though conducted discreetly , were said to be numerous : Henry John Temple , 3rd Viscount Palmerston , was thought to be one of her lovers . When asked why he had never fought a duel to preserve his wife 's reputation , Lord Jersey dryly replied that this would require him to fight every man in London .   Lady Jersey was one of the patronesses of Almack 's , the most exclusive social club in London , and a leader of the ton during the Regency era . She was immortalized as Zenobia in Disraeli 's novel Endymion . Caroline Lamb ridiculed her in Glenarvon : in revenge Lady Jersey had her barred from Almack 's , the ultimate social disgrace . This , however , was unusual since she was notable for acts of kindness and generosity ; and she was eventually persuaded to remove the ban .   In politics she was a Tory , although she lacked the passion for politics shown by her cousin Harriet Arbuthnot . On hearing that the Duke of Wellington had fallen from power in 1830 , she burst into tears in public . She reportedly `` moved heaven and earth '' against the Reform Act 1832 .   Lady Jersey was known by the nickname Silence ; the nickname was ironic since , famously , she almost never stopped talking .   She is a recurring character in the Regency novels of Georgette Heyer , where she is presented as eccentric and unpredictable , but highly intelligent and observant , and capable of kindness and generosity .   She died at No. 38 , Berkeley Square , Middlesex now London .

neg: Rejecting Jane `` Rejecting Jane '' is the title of a 2007 article by British author David Lassman . The article , which was published in Issue 28 of Jane Austen 's Regency World magazine , is a critique of the publishing industry through their inadvertent rejection of Jane Austen .

neg: Mhysa `` Mhysa '' is the third season finale of the American medieval epic fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 30th episode overall . Written by executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by David Nutter , it originally aired on on HBO in the United States .   The episode revolves on the aftermath of the events instigated by `` The Red Wedding '' : House Frey receives the Seat of Riverrun , Roose Bolton is appointed the new `` Warden of the North '' , while House Greyjoy begins a new military campaign . In the North , Maester Aemon sends out ravens to alert the whole of Westeros about the arrival of the White Walkers . And across the narrow sea , the freed slaves of Yunkai hail Daenerys as their `` mhysa '' , the Ghiscari language 's word for `` mother '' .   According to Nielsen Media Research , `` Mhysa '' was seen by 5.4 million household viewers in the United States , a twenty-eight percent increase compared to the second season finale , `` Valar Morghulis '' . After its broadcast , the episode received generally positive reviews from television critics , with some of them addressing its anti-climactic closure of the series ' third season , and its establishment of potential storylines for the fourth season , such as through the final scene 's `` glimmer of hope '' . The episode received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series at the 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards .

neg: Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series .   Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .

neg: Jane Shore (disambiguation) Jane Shore ( c. 1445 -- c. 1527 ) was the mistress of Edward IV of England .   Jane Shore may also refer to :   Jane Shore ( poet ) , American poet and professor of English  The Tragedy of Jane Shore , a 1714 play by Nicholas Rowe based on the life of Jane Shore , the mistress of Edward IV  Jane Shore ( 1911 film )  Jane Shore ( 1915 film ) , a British silent historical film adapted from the 1714 play The Tragedy of Jane Shore  Jane Shore ( 1922 film )

neg: Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million .   The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki .   Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner .   Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .

neg: Bridget Jones Bridget Jones is a franchise based on a fictional character of the same name . British writer Helen Fielding started her Bridget Jones 's Diary column in The Independent in 1995 , while chronicling the life of Jones as a thirtysomething single woman in London as she tries to make sense of life and love with the help of a surrogate `` urban family '' of friends in the 1990s . The column lampooned the obsession of women with women 's magazines such as Cosmopolitan and wider social trends in Britain at the time . Fielding published the novelisation of the column in 1996 , followed by a sequel in 1999 called Bridget Jones : The Edge of Reason .   Both novels were adapted for the big screen in 2001 and 2004 , starring Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones , and Hugh Grant and Colin Firth as the men in her life : Daniel Cleaver and Mark Darcy , respectively . After Fielding had ceased to work for The Daily Telegraph in late 1998 , the feature began again in The Independent on 4 August 2005 and finished in June 2006 . Helen Fielding released a third novel in 2013 , Bridget Jones : Mad About the Boy , which is set 14 years after the events of the second novel .   The fictional character `` Bridget Jones '' was named on the 2016 Woman 's Hour Power List as one of seven women judged to have had the biggest impact on women 's lives over the past 70 years , alongside Margaret Thatcher , Barbara Castle , Helen Brook , Germaine Greer , Jayaben Desai and Beyoncé .

neg: Pride and Prejudice (1958 TV series) Pride and Prejudice is a 1958 British television adaptation of the novel of the same name , which aired on the BBC . Cast included Alan Badel , Pamela Binns , Jane Downs , Susan Lyall Grant , Marian Spencer , Vivienne Martin , Hugh Sinclair , William Squire , Joan Carol , Jeanne Elvin , Colin Jeavons , Barbara New , and Greta Watson . Six half-hour episodes were produced , presumably aired live ( since that was usually the case with BBC drama of the era ) , and telerecorded for overseas broadcast . All six episodes are believed to be lost .  The designer was Stephen Bundy , adaptation by Cedric Wallis and the producer was Barbara Burnham .

neg: Tales from Shakespeare Tales from Shakespeare is an English children 's book written by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary Lamb in 1807 .   The book is designed to make the stories of Shakespeare 's plays familiar to the young .  However , as noted in the authors ' Preface , '' -LSB- Shakespeare 's -RSB- words are used whenever it seemed possible to bring them in ; and in whatever has been added to give them the regular form of a connected story , diligent care has been taken to select such words as might least interrupt the effect of the beautiful English tongue in which he wrote : therefore , words introduced into our language since his time have been as far as possible avoided . ''   Mary Lamb was responsible for the comedies , while Charles wrote the tragedies ; they wrote the preface between them .   The book contains the following tales :   The Tempest ( Mary Lamb )  A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( Mary Lamb )  The Winter 's Tale ( Mary Lamb )  Much Ado About Nothing ( Mary Lamb )  As You Like It ( Mary Lamb )  Two Gentlemen of Verona ( Mary Lamb )  The Merchant of Venice ( Mary Lamb )  Cymbeline ( Mary Lamb )  King Lear ( Charles Lamb )  Macbeth ( Charles Lamb )  All 's Well That Ends Well ( Mary Lamb )  The Taming of the Shrew ( Mary Lamb )  The Comedy of Errors ( Mary Lamb )  Measure for Measure ( Mary Lamb )  Twelfth Night ( Mary Lamb )  Timon of Athens ( Charles Lamb )  Romeo and Juliet ( Charles Lamb )  Hamlet , Prince of Denmark ( Charles Lamb )  Othello ( Charles Lamb )  Pericles , Prince of Tyre ( Mary Lamb )   Tales from Shakespeare has been republished many times . It was illustrated by Sir John Gilbert in 1866 , by Arthur Rackham in 1899 and 1909 , by Louis Monziès in 1908 , by Walter Paget in 1910 , and by D. C. Eyles in 1934 .   In 1893-4 , the book was supplemented with some additional tales by Harrison S Morris and was re-published in the USA as a multi-volume set with colour plate illustrations .

neg: Cultural depictions of the Anarchy Cultural depictions of the Anarchy , a long-running civil war in England between 1135 and 1153 , has furnished the background of some major fictional portrayals . These include :   George Shipway 's novel Knight in Anarchy ( 1969 ) centres on a knight sworn to Geoffrey de Mandeville as he tries to gain power in the Anarchy .  Cecelia Holland 's The Earl , also published as Hammer for Princes ( 1971 ) , gives a vivid description of the last year of the struggle , Prince Henry 's invasion of England and his eventual recognition as King Stephen 's heir .  Graham Shelby 's 1972 novel The Oath and the Sword ( aka The Villains of the Piece ) , focuses on Empress Matilda 's faithful supporter Brien FitzCount , Lord of Wallingford , through the years of the Anarchy .  Jean Plaidy 's Passionate Enemies ( c. 1976 ) from her multi-volume treatment of the British monarchy , captures the mood of the period and the personalities of Matilda and Stephen .  Ellis Peters set her series of Brother Cadfael books ( published 1977 -- 1994 ) against the background of the Anarchy .  Diana Norman 's novel Morning Gift ( published in 1985 ) follows the trials of a Norman noblewoman as she struggles to keep safe her lands , her young son , and her people during the period of the Anarchy .  Ken Follett 's novel The Pillars of the Earth ( published in 1989 ) is set during this time , and was adapted to an eight-part TV miniseries debuting in the U.S. on Starz and Canada on The Movie Network/Movie Central on July 23 , 2010 . It premiered in the UK on Channel 4 , October 16 , 2010 , and on CBC Television January 8 , 2011 .  Sharon Kay Penman 's 750-page novel When Christ and His Saints Slept ( published in 1995 ) gives a comprehensive and informative view of the entire power struggle .  Elizabeth Chadwick 's A Place Beyond Courage ( published 2008 , Sphere ) is set during the Anarchy , focusing on the life of John FitzGilbert the Marshal . Her most recent novel The Lady of the English focuses on Matilda and on Henry 's young wife Adeliza .  The Anarchy is the inspiration for the fictional civil war called Dance of the Dragons between princess Rhaenyra Targaryen and her half-brother Aegon , depicted in George R. R. Martin 's novella The Princess and the Queen ( published 2013 in the anthology Dangerous Women ) and set in the same fictional universe as his epic fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire .   Category : The Anarchy  Category :12 th century in fiction

neg: Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series .   Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter .   In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .


query: The 84th Academy Awards' winners included at least one psychological thriller film.

pos: 84th Academy Awards The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 .   On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich .   The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States .

pos: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film) The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo is a 2011 Swedish-American psychological thriller film based on the novel of the same name by Stieg Larsson . This film adaptation was directed by David Fincher and written by Steven Zaillian . Starring Daniel Craig and Rooney Mara , it tells the story of journalist Mikael Blomkvist ( Daniel Craig ) 's investigation to find out what happened to a woman from a wealthy family who disappeared 40 years prior . He recruits the help of computer hacker Lisbeth Salander ( Rooney Mara ) .   Sony Pictures Entertainment began development on the film in 2009 . It took the company a few months to obtain the rights to the novel , while recruiting Zaillian and David Fincher . The casting process for the lead roles was exhaustive and intense ; Craig faced scheduling conflicts , and a number of actresses were sought for the role of Lisbeth Salander . The script took over six months to write , which included three months of analyzing the novel .   Pre-release screenings occurred in London , New York City , and Stockholm . Critics gave the film favorable reviews , praising its bleak tone and lauding Mara and Craig 's performances . With a production budget of $ 90 million , the film grossed $ 232.6 million over its theatrical run . In addition to being included in several publications ' best-of lists , the film was a candidate for numerous awards , and ultimately won nine accolades , including an Academy Award for Best Film Editing .

neg: Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' .   2017 - Sully  The Martian  Zootopia  Star Wars : The Force Awakens  The Revenant  2016 - American Sniper  Kingsman : The Secret Service  Mad Max : Fury Road  Spectre  Whiplash  2015 - Frozen  Interstellar  Jersey Boys  Fury  Godzilla  2014 - Les Misérables  3 Idiots  Captain Phillips  Django Unchained  Gravity  2013 - The Intouchables  Argo  The Dark Knight Rises  The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo  Skyfall  2012 - The King 's Speech  Rise of the Planet of the Apes  Moneyball  The Social Network  Black Swan  2011 - Avatar  Inception  Toy Story 3  Invictus  The Hurt Locker  2010 - Gran Torino  Slumdog Millionaire  Changeling  The Wrestler  Red Cliff Part II  2009 - The Dark Knight  The Bucket List  No Country for Old Men  Lust , Caution  Red Cliff Part I  2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima  Dreamgirls  Babel  Hairspray  The Bourne Ultimatum  2007 - Flags of Our Fathers  Crash  Hotel Rwanda  Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest  The Da Vinci Code  2006 - Million Dollar Baby  Cinderella Man  Charlie and the Chocolate Factory  The Phantom of the Opera  Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith  2005 - The Last Samurai  The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King  Mystic River  Seabiscuit  Troy  2004 - The Pianist  Chicago  The Hours  The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers  Yeopgijeogin geunyeo  2003 - Monster 's Ball  Gangs of New York  Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets  I Am Sam  The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring  2002 - Billy Elliot  Artificial Intelligence : AI  Chocolat  Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone  Postmen in the Mountains  2001 - Dancer in the Dark  American Beauty  Gladiator  The Green Mile  Swiri  2000 - The Sixth Sense  Elizabeth  The Matrix  Shakespeare in Love  La Vita è bella  1999 - L.A. Confidential  Armageddon  As Good as It Gets  Good Will Hunting  Saving Private Ryan  1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption  Apollo 13  The Bridges of Madison County  Forrest Gump  Léon  1995 - Schindler 's List  The Piano  Pulp Fiction  Speed  True Lies  1994 - Jurassic Park  Cliffhanger  The Fugitive  Heaven & Earth  Unforgiven  1993 - JFK  The Lover  Basic Instinct  The Bodyguard  A League of Their Own  1992 - Dances with Wolves  Awakenings  Nikita  The Silence of the Lambs  Terminator 2 : Judgment Day  1991 - Field of Dreams  Die Hard 2  Ghost  Cinema Paradiso  Total Recall  1990 - Die Hard  Black Rain  Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade  Major League  Rain Man  1989 - The Last Emperor  Fatal Attraction  Full Metal Jacket  Moonstruck  Wall Street  1988 - Platoon  Hannah and Her Sisters  Stand By Me  Top Gun  The Untouchables  1987 - Back to the Future  Aliens  A Chorus Line  The Color Purple  Out of Africa  1986 - Amadeus  The Cotton Club  The Killing Fields  A Passage to India  Witness  1985 - Once Upon a Time in America  Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom  The Natural  The Right Stuff  Terms of Endearment  1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman  The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''

neg: Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies .   Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal .   The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film :   If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction  He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes  Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images   In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .

neg: 52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis .   Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .

neg: Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina .   The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .

neg: List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards .   The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .

neg: 11th Saturn Awards The 11th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film in 1983 , were held on March 24 , 1984 .

neg: Gothika Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez . Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a women 's mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars , accused of having murdered her husband . The film was first released on November 21 , 2003 in the United States . At the time of its release , Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment , with a worldwide gross of $ 141.6 million .

neg: Secret Window Secret Window is a 2004 American psychological thriller film starring Johnny Depp and John Turturro . It was written and directed by David Koepp , based on the novella Secret Window , Secret Garden by Stephen King , featuring a musical score by Philip Glass and Geoff Zanelli . The story appeared in King 's collection Four Past Midnight . The film was released on March 12 , 2004 , by Columbia Pictures ; it was a moderate box office success and received mixed reviews from critics .

neg: 78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams .   Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .

neg: List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations .   The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 .   On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner .   Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .

neg: Kiss Daddy Goodnight Kiss Daddy Goodnight is a 1987 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Peter Ily Huemer . It stars Uma Thurman in her film debut , and Steve Buscemi in a small role .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: A Good Marriage (film) A Good Marriage is a 2014 American psychological thriller film based on the novella of the same name by Stephen King , from the 2010 collection Full Dark , No Stars . It stars Joan Allen , Anthony LaPaglia , Kristen Connolly and Stephen Lang . It was released on October 3 , 2014 .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho is a non-fiction book by Stephen Rebello . It details the creation of director Alfred Hitchcock 's 1960 thriller Psycho   The book was first published in April 15 , 1990 by Dembner Books , and distributed by W. W. Norton and Company . Stephen Rebello researched the film thoroughly through Hitchcock 's personal records and archives and he interviewed virtually every surviving cast and crew member . Prior to the book 's publication , Rebello 's initial research appeared as a 22-page article in the April 1986 issue of Cinefantastique magazine entitled `` Psycho : The Making of Alfred Hitchcock 's Masterpiece '' . That research was expanded for the book version .

neg: Ms. 45 Ms. 45 , also known as Angel of Vengeance , is a 1981 American exploitation thriller film directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Zoë Tamerlis Lund .   Inspired by films such as 1973 's Thriller -- A Cruel Picture and 1974 's Death Wish , the film is a rape and revenge story about Thana , a mute woman who becomes a misandristic spree killer after she is raped twice in one day when going home from work . It was critically maligned on its theatrical release , but is now generally highly regarded among fans of underground and independent film .   It was acquired by Alamo Drafthouse Films in October 2013 and remastered in HD from the original negatives . The distributor released the film on Blu-ray , DVD , and digital copy in March 2014 .

neg: 1985 Academy Awards 1985 Academy Awards may refer to :   57th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1985  58th Academy Awards , the 1986 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1985

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures .   There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' .   Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .

neg: Dreamscape (1984 film) Dreamscape is a 1984 American science-fiction adventure horror film directed by Joseph Ruben and written by David Loughery , with Chuck Russell and Ruben co-writing .

neg: The Glass Ceiling (film) The Glass Ceiling ( Spanish : El techo de cristal ) is a 1971 psychological thriller film , written and directed by Eloy de la Iglesia . It stars Carmen Sevilla , Dean Selmier and Patty Shepard .   The plot follows a bored housewife who begins to suspect that her upstairs neighbor killed her invalid husband . Sevilla won a major award in her home country ( the Cinema Writers Circle Award ) for this performance .   The film is somewhat inspired by Alfred Hitchcock 's Rear Window and the Hollywood paranoia classic George Cukor 's Gaslight , and the director 's own The Cannibal Man . The film was a commercial success .

neg: Hold'em (film) Hold 'em is a 2014 American thriller film directed by Clay DuMaw . The film 's plot combines Texas hold 'em with elements from horror and thriller films such as Battle Royale and Saw .