query: Destiny was reviewed.

pos: Destiny (video game) Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision . It was released worldwide on September 9 , 2014 , for the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One consoles . Destiny marked Bungie 's first new console franchise since the Halo series , and it is the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision . Set in a `` mythic science fiction '' world , the game features a multiplayer `` shared-world '' environment with elements of role-playing games . Activities in Destiny are divided among player versus environment ( PvE ) and player versus player ( PvP ) game types . In addition to normal story missions , PvE features three-player `` strikes '' and six-player raids . A free roam patrol mode is also available for each planet and features public events . PvP features objective-based modes , as well as traditional deathmatch game modes .   Players take on the role of a Guardian , protectors of Earth 's last safe city as they wield a power called Light to protect the City from different alien races . Guardians are tasked with reviving a celestial being called the Traveler , while journeying to different planets to investigate and destroy the alien threats before humanity is completely wiped out . Bungie released four expansion packs , furthering the story , and adding new content , missions , and new PvP modes . Year One of Destiny featured two small expansions , The Dark Below in December 2014 and House of Wolves in May 2015 . A third , larger expansion , The Taken King , was released in September 2015 and marked the beginning of Year Two , changing much of the core gameplay . In December 2015 , Destiny shifted to an event-based model , featuring more limited-time events . A new , large expansion called Rise of Iron was released in September 2016 , beginning Year Three . Rise of Iron was only released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One ; PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 clients subsequently stopped receiving updates . A full sequel , Destiny 2 , is scheduled for September 2017 .   Upon its release , Destiny received mixed to positive reviews with criticism centered mostly around the game 's storyline and post-campaign content . The game was praised for maintaining lineage from the Halo franchise , particularly in regards to its competitive experiences . On day one of its release , it sold over US$ 500 million at retail , making it the biggest new franchise launch of all time . It was GamesRadar 's 2014 Game of the Year and it received the BAFTA Award for Best Game at the 2014 British Academy Video Games Awards .

neg: DeHackEd DeHackEd is an editor created by Greg Lewis for the executable of the original Doom that allows the operation of the executable to be changed . Version 3.1 , the last update of the program , was released on February 26 , 1997 . Hit points , sounds , frame sequences , text strings , and several other miscellaneous values can be changed . Modifications can be distributed in the form of DeHackEd `` patches '' which can be applied to the executable . At the time DeHackEd was released , Doom was a closed-source program , and thus to allow new features to be made available , the only choice was to patch the executable ( as opposed to being able to change the source , which can now be done since id Software has made public a release of the sources ) .   The most common patches add fast monsters and weapons , player-seeking-self-detonating barrels , and so on . However , more balanced and artistic modifications can and have been made . Even though many advanced effects can be achieved with DeHackEd , it does not offer the complete flexibility that a custom source port can provide . Monster AI and armor classes are fixed for example .   Older DeHackEd patches use a binary format of data to be applied to an executable file using the DeHackEd patching utility . Later versions of DeHackEd save their patches in a human-readable plain text format that can be edited with any text editor .   Boom included the ability to load DeHackEd patches and effect changes to the game upon startup without any modification to the executable file . Other source ports added similar functionality , and command-line loadable DeHackEd support is now common with most modern source ports . Boom also provided the BEX ( Boom EXtended ) extensions for DeHackEd support . BEX allows greater flexibility in string editing , application of codepointers to any frame , and extra codepointers .

neg: Modern Review (North American) The Modern Review is a magazine based in Richmond Hill , Ontario , Canada that styles itself a `` North American literary journal '' .   The first issue , 58 pages thick , is dated September 2005 . It is published quarterly by the Parsifal Press Literary Arts Association , a nonprofit organization . All printing , binding , and finishing is done in-house with professional machinery .   The magazine describes its philosophy this way : The editorial mission of the Modern Review is to dispute literary borders on an international stage , to educate , and to foster both an appreciation and desire for a higher standard in the written arts . To make no alliances , and cultivate no preference of one class or movement over another , but to act as a point where artistic integrity meets the risk-taking means which will promote its cause with zeal and diligence . The desired end is sustained access to a relevant literature , one that refuses to oppose tradition to innovation , the personal to the objective .   ( ISSN 1557-265X )

neg: Critical Review (journal) Critical Review : A Journal of Politics and Society is a quarterly academic journal covering political science that is published by Routledge for the Critical Review Foundation . It publishes papers on political theory , public opinion , political psychology , and political economy . It was established in 1986 by editor-in-chief , Jeffrey Friedman , who works with authors in `` an aggressive , often substantive editing process '' but also gives authors the option of double-blind peer review .   According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 0.320 , ranking it 130th out of 161 journals in the category `` Political Science '' .

neg: Indian Defence Review Indian Defence Review ( IDR ) , the brainchild of former captain of the Indian Army , was launched on January 1 , 1986 as a logical continuum to Lancer established in 1979 , the first Indian publishing house dedicated to put forward the military experience and point of view .   Under the professional stewardship of its first two editors , Lt Gen Mathew Thomas ( 1986 ) and Maj Gen Afsir Karim ( 1993 ) , both distinguished paratroopers , IDR began public engagement and national debate on military and security issues , which received immediate attention of the defence establishment , policy makers and national leadership in India .   Continuing in this strong tradition and creating a niche , IDR publisher and its third editor , Capt Bharat Verma ( 1998 ) , succeeded in placing the national security challenges `` front and centre '' of the public debate . The reigns of this reputed Journal have passed into the hands of Lt Gen JS Bajwa ( Retired ) consequent to the sad and untimely demise of Capt Bharat Verma in July 2014 .   With the launch of web version of the Journal , www.indiandefencereview.com in 2006 , IDR became India 's preeminent public publication on foreign policy and national security issues .   The result of the spade work done by these three military officers in the private sector , for the first time brought the concerns of national security issues through a private forum in independent India to the national centre-stage .   IDR remains a highly reliable , unbiased and unique source for government and defence officials , strategic planners , analysts , journalists and the general public on contemporary geo-political and geo-strategic issues presented by cerebral professionals .   In addition , IDR extensively covers foreign policy , aerospace trends , naval affairs , army force development , and internal security and the defence industry . The Journal is a trusted , independent and comprehensive source of critical information and insight that is necessary for public debate and civil discourse on matters related to India 's sovereignty , national integrity , security and defence . When important national security and defence issues arise , IDR is not only part of the conversation but also shapes the national debate .   IDR brings together leading experts ( military , government and academia ) who provide the highest quality of well considered , timely and authoritative expert analysis of current national and international events , emerging trends relating to security and defence , historical analysis and strategic forecasting and offer realistic , practical and pragmatic solutions and policy options that help address security and defence challenges impacting India .   IDR writers have made deep inroads into national security and defence debate once considered to be the preserve of the establishment in New Delhi , which in the past only relied and depended on analysis imported from foreign publications .   IDR , the country 's premium and most prestigious journal , won accolades including `` India 's best known military publication '' and `` the most impressive , useful and independent publication '' and remains the `` most quoted '' . Considered a ` policy making journal , ' IDR is recommended reading by the Army , Navy , and the Air Force headquarters for officers .   Today , IDR is acknowledged as one of the top journals in the defence sector , is available in `` print '' as well as `` on-line '' and interacts with the social media .

neg: Destiny (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine) `` Destiny '' is the 61st episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek : Deep Space Nine , the 15th episode of the third season .   A joint Federation -- Cardassian mission to establish a communications relay on the other side of the wormhole is complicated by an ancient Bajoran prophecy of doom .

neg: Outstanding Academic Title According to the American Library Association , the prestigious Outstanding Academic Titles list `` reflects the best in scholarly titles ... and brings with it the extraordinary recognition of the academic library community . ''   Every year , in its January issue , ` Choice : Current Reviews for Academic Libraries , or simply Choice chooses a selection of the books reviewed in the last year as `` Outstanding Academic Titles '' ( `` Outstanding Academic Books '' until 2000 ) . The selection covers around 10 % of the roughly 7000 books reviewed annually . Choice ' , published by the Association of College and Research Libraries ( ACRL ) , is often cited ad the premier source for reviews of academic books , electronic media , and Internet resources of interest to those in higher education .   Most academic libraries in the United States use Choice for selecting and purchasing materials . According to the ACRL , Choice reaches 22,000 librarians and an estimated 13,000 higher education faculty in almost every undergraduate college and university library in the United States , along with many larger public libraries , and special and governmental libraries .   Reviews are published monthly in Choice magazine and ChoiceReviews.online . Choice publishes approximately 7,000 reviews per year in 50 subdisciplines spanning the humanities , science and technology , and the social and behavioral sciences . Selections for Outstanding Academic Titles are by unpaid scholars who act as experts in their respective fields of study . A list of Outstanding Academic Titles may be viewed at the ALA Outstanding Academic Title portal .

neg: Final Fantasy XIII is a science fiction role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles and later for the Microsoft Windows operating system . Released in Japan in December 2009 and worldwide in March 2010 , it is the thirteenth title in the mainline Final Fantasy series . The game includes fast-paced combat , a new system for the series for determining which abilities are developed for the characters called `` Crystarium '' , and a customizable `` Paradigm '' system to control which abilities are used by the characters . Final Fantasy XIII includes elements from the previous games in the series , such as summoned monsters , chocobos , and airships .   The game takes place in the fictional floating world of Cocoon , whose government , the Sanctum , is ordering a purge of civilians who have supposedly come into contact with Pulse , the much-feared world below . The former soldier Lightning begins her fight against the government in order to save her sister who has been branded as an unwilling servant to a god-like being from Pulse , making her an enemy of Cocoon . Lightning is soon joined by a band of allies , and together the group also become marked by the same Pulse creature . They rally against the Sanctum while trying to discover their assigned task and whether they can avoid being turned into monsters or crystals at the completion .   Development began in 2004 , and the game was first announced at Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) 2006 . Final Fantasy XIII is the flagship title of the Fabula Nova Crystallis collection of Final Fantasy games and is the first game to use Square Enix 's Crystal Tools engine . Final Fantasy XIII received mostly positive reviews from video game publications , which praised the game 's graphics , presentation , and battle system . The game 's story received a mixed response from reviewers , and its linearity compared to previous games in the series was mostly criticized . Selling 1.7 million copies in Japan in 2009 , Final Fantasy XIII became the fastest-selling title in the history of the series . As of January 2013 , the game has sold over 6.6 million copies worldwide . The Microsoft Windows version has sold over 700,000 copies according to SteamSpy . A sequel , titled Final Fantasy XIII-2 , was released in December 2011 in Japan and in February 2012 in North America and PAL regions . A second sequel , titled Lightning Returns : Final Fantasy XIII , which concludes Lightning 's story and the Final Fantasy XIII saga , was released in November 2013 in Japan and in February 2014 in North America and PAL regions . In September 2014 , Square Enix announced the Final Fantasy XIII series has been widely successful and has shipped over 11 million copies worldwide .

neg: Dream Theater (album) Dream Theater is the twelfth studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater , released through Roadrunner Records on September 23 , 2013 in Europe and a day later in the United States . The album was written , recorded , mixed , and mastered between January and May 2013 at Cove City Sound Studios in Long Island , New York , the same studio as the band 's previous album , A Dramatic Turn of Events ( 2011 ) .   The band made Dream Theater a self-titled album to emphasize that they were moving forward in their career and to make it a reference point for fans . The album 's songs are shorter on average than most Dream Theater songs , with the exception of the 20-minute closer `` Illumination Theory '' . Strings for the album were arranged by Eren Başbuğ , a Berklee College of Music student .   Dream Theater moved 34,000 units in the United States in its debut week , charting at number seven and becoming the band 's second highest charting album behind 2009 's Black Clouds & Silver Linings . For its lead single , `` The Enemy Inside '' , the band received their second consecutive Grammy nomination in the Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance category . In early 2014 , Dream Theater toured Europe and America in support of the album and recorded their performance at the Boston Opera House for a live release .

neg: Fahrenheit (2005 video game) Fahrenheit ( known as Indigo Prophecy in North America ) is a cinematic interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Atari , Inc. for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox . The director 's cut and uncut versions were later released for Microsoft Windows . Fahrenheit has sold over 700,000 units worldwide since it was released in September 2005 and has won several awards . On 4 December 2007 , Atari released the game for Xbox 360 through Xbox Originals .   On 8 November 2011 , Quantic Dream released the game uncensored for PC through GOG.com . A remastered version of the game , entitled Fahrenheit : Indigo Prophecy Remastered , was developed and published by Aspyr in January 2015 for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux and iOS . A port for the PlayStation 4 , which was developed by International Software Development Group at Sony Interactive Entertainment , was released on 9 August 2016 via PlayStation Network .   In this paranormal thriller , New York City experiences a series of mysterious murders that follow the same pattern ; ordinary people become possessed and kill strangers in public . The main characters of the story must uncover the supernatural forces behind these crimes . Publicity was generated from the developer 's rejection of conventional game genre labeling ; preferring to brand it as the first `` interactive film '' rather than an adventure or third-person action title . The game features motion captured animation as well as branching story lines , split screen cameras and an interface designed to be intuitive and realistic . Event triggers in the game are also mainly time-based , as opposed to the more common player-initiated progression found in most games .

neg: Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French .   The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .

neg: The Last Dangerous Visions The Last Dangerous Visions is a mooted sequel to the science fiction short story anthologies Dangerous Visions and Again , Dangerous Visions , originally published in 1967 and 1972 respectively . Like the first two , it was scheduled to be edited by Harlan Ellison .   The projected third collection was started but , controversially , is yet to be finished . It has become something of a legend in science fiction as the genre 's most famous unpublished book . It was originally announced for publication in 1973 , but other work demanded Ellison 's attention , and the anthology has not seen print to date . He has come under criticism for his treatment of some writers who submitted their stories to him , who some estimate to number nearly 150 . Many of these writers have since died .   Various difficulties delayed publication many times . As recently as May 2007 , Ellison said he still wants to get the book out .   British author Christopher Priest , whose story `` An Infinite Summer '' had been accepted for the collection , wrote a lengthy critique of Ellison 's failure to complete the LDV project . It was first published by Priest as a one-shot fanzine called The Last Deadloss Visions , a pun on the title of Priest 's own fanzine , Deadloss . It proved so popular that it had a total of three printings in the UK and later , in book form , as the 1995 Hugo Award nominated The Book on the Edge of Forever ( an allusion to Ellison 's Star Trek episode , `` The City on the Edge of Forever '' ) by American publisher Fantagraphics Books . The essay is available online at the Internet Archive mirror of the original site .

neg: Tragic Idol Tragic Idol is the 13th studio album by the British gothic metal band Paradise Lost . The album was released on 23 April 2012 in Europe and 24 April 2012 in North America via Century Media Records .   In support of the album , Paradise Lost went on a UK concert tour with Insomnium .   Formats the album was released through are : Standard CD ; Limited Edition 2-CD Box ; a fan box , which includes a poster , album slipmat , gold marbled colored 7 '' & 12 '' Vinyl , A1 poster 135g , army cap and boxes selected at random will include handwritten lyrics by the band . This band has a box set titled Original Album Classics and they have a release similar titled Original Album Collection which has this album along with this band 's other albums , In Requiem & Faith Divides Us - Death Unites Us . There are EMP Edition ( 200 copies ) - gold vinyl , Amazon Edition ( 400 copies Germany / 200 copies France ) - white vinyl , Nuclear Blast Edition ( 400 copies ) - dark blue vinyl and Band Edition ( 250 copies , signed ) - dark sand marbled vinyl   Commented guitarist Gregor Mackintosh : `` The -LSB- new CD was -RSB- again produced by Jens Bogren and is influenced by classic doom metal and classic metal . I would say it is more melodic than the last record whilst retaining the heaviness . There are lots of guitar solos and melodies . ''   Also this is the first Paradise Lost studio album featuring Adrian Erlandsson on drums , who joined the band in 2009 .   There is a track called `` The Last Fallen Saviour '' which written for this album but it was initially made only available as a free flexi disc with Decibel magazine , but has since been included on Tragic Illusion 25 , a rarities compilation released in 2013 to commemorate the band 's 25th anniversary .

neg: F.E.A.R. F.E.A.R. First Encounter Assault Recon is a survival horror first-person shooter video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sierra Entertainment . It was released on October 17 , 2005 , for Microsoft Windows , and ported by Day 1 Studios to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Timegate Studios has released two expansion packs , F.E.A.R. Extraction Point in October 2006 , and F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate in November 2007 . A direct sequel titled F.E.A.R. 2 : Project Origin , was released in February 2009 , and a second sequel , F. 3 . A.R. , was released in June 2011 , though it was developed by Day 1 Studios ( now known as Wargaming Chicago-Baltimore ) , not by Monolith Productions .   The game 's story revolves around a supernatural phenomenon , which F.E.A.R. -- a fictional special forces team -- is called to contain . The player assumes the role of F.E.A.R. 's Point Man , who possesses superhuman reflexes , and must uncover the secrets of a paranormal menace in the form of a little girl .   F.E.A.R. was well received by critics , scoring 89 % on GameRankings , and The New York Times calling it `` as thrilling and involving as Half-Life . '' A `` Director 's Edition '' DVD version of the game was also released . The DVD included a `` Making of '' documentary , a director 's commentary , a short live-action prequel and the exclusive first episode of the promotional P.A.N.I.C.S. machinima . A  related Dark Horse comic book was also packaged with the DVD . Along with the Director 's Edition , F.E.A.R. Gold Edition was released . Gold Edition included the Director 's Edition and Extraction Point . F.E.A.R. Platinum Edition features the original game and two expansion packs .

neg: Dawn of Destiny Dawn of Destiny is a German power metal band from Bochum , Germany which incorporates elements of thrash , gothic and death metal . As of 2012 , Dawn of Destiny has released four studio albums .

neg: List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times .   Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 .   BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design .   At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .

neg: Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people .   Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award .   The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team .   This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .

neg: The Prodigy discography English electronic music group The Prodigy has released six studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , one mix album , three extended plays , twenty-one singles and twenty-two music videos . Hailed as pioneers of genres such as rave , techno and big beat , the group have sold over 20 million albums worldwide .   The Prodigy 's first release was the 1991 EP What Evil Lurks . Experience , the group 's debut studio album , was released in September 1992 . It peaked at number 12 in the United Kingdom and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Experience spawned the singles `` Charly '' , `` Everybody in the Place '' , `` Fire '' / `` Jericho '' , `` Out of Space '' and `` Wind It Up ( Rewound ) '' , all of which were top 12 hits in the United Kingdom . Music for the Jilted Generation , the group 's second studio album , was released in July 1994 . The album peaked at number one in the UK , also reaching the top ten in countries such as Australia and New Zealand . Earning a platinum certification from the BPI , Music for the Jilted Generation spawned the UK top ten singles `` One Love '' and `` No Good ( Start the Dance ) '' .   The Prodigy 's third studio album The Fat of the Land was released in June 1997 , becoming a huge commercial success . The album peaked at number one in multiple countries , including the United Kingdom and the United States . The Fat of the Land received multi-platinum certifications from the BPI , the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) , and the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Firestarter '' , the album 's first single , peaked at number one in the United Kingdom and hit the top ten in multiple other countries . It also gave the group their biggest hit in the United States , where it peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA . The album 's second single `` Breathe '' also performed well commercially , reaching the top ten in multiple countries and becoming the group 's second consecutive UK number-one hit . `` Smack My Bitch Up '' , the album 's final single , peaked at number 8 in the UK .   The group released their fourth studio album Always Outnumbered , Never Outgunned in August 2004 . Their style had changed from rave and breakbeat to more of an electronic rock style . The album topped the charts in the United Kingdom , earning a silver certification from the BPI . Always Outnumbered , Never Outgunned spawned three singles , including the UK top 20 hit `` Girls '' . Invaders Must Die , the group 's fifth studio album , was released in February 2009 . The album became the band 's fourth consecutive studio album to top the charts in the UK . Among its four singles were the UK top ten hits `` Omen '' and `` Warrior 's Dance '' , both of which received silver certifications from the BPI .

neg: Deliverance (Deliverance album) Deliverance is the 1989 self-titled debut album by the Christian speed/thrash metal band Deliverance . The original Intense Records pressing is now considered a valuable collectable . It was reissued , minus 2 songs in 1998 on KMG Records as a two-disc set along with the 1990 album Weapons of Our Warfare . It was officially re-released late 2008 with 2 bonus tracks on Retroactive Records . The album was ranked at No. 44 on Metal Hammers top 50 thrash metal albums of all-time list . In 2010 , HM Magazine listed Deliverance No. 31 on its Top 100 Christian Rock Albums of All Time list stating that '' ` If You Will ' into ` The Call ' is almost as good as metal gets ( - Doug Van Pelt ) '' and that `` this record would forever change and impact me and the Christian metal music scene as we knew it ! '' ( - Bill Balford ) . Heaven 's Metal fanzine ranked it No. 3 on its Top 100 Christian metal albums of all-time list . About.com writer Dan Marsicano wrote `` Metal with a religious concept is not for everybody , and Deliverance does n't try to pander to the secular crowd . So , if you do n't mind a little preaching , their music is straight-to-the-gut thrash metal at a time where the genre was getting more expansive with its themes and sound . For giving Christian metal a thrash hero to rally behind , Deliverance gets the nod for this week 's Retro Recommendation . ''

neg: In Search of Wonder In Search of Wonder : Essays on Modern Science Fiction is a collection of critical essays by Damon Knight . Most of the material in the original version of the book was originally published between 1952 and 1955 in various science fiction magazines including Infinity Science Fiction , Original SF Stories , and Future SF . The essays were highly influential , and contributed to Knight 's stature as the foremost critic of science fiction of his generation . The book also constitutes an informal record of the `` Boom Years '' of science fiction from 1950-1955 .   In the opening chapter , Knight states his `` credos '' , two of which are :   That science fiction is a field of literature worth taking seriously , and that ordinary critical standards can be meaningfully applied to it : e.g. , originality , sincerity , style , construction , logic , coherence , sanity , garden-variety grammar .   That a bad book hurts science fiction more than ten bad notices .   Perhaps the most famous essay in the book is `` Cosmic Jerrybuilder : A. E. van Vogt '' , a review of the 1945 magazine serialization of A.E. Van Vogt 's The World of Null-A , in which Knight `` exposed the profound irrationality lying at the heart of much traditional science fiction '' .   In 1956 Knight was awarded a Hugo as `` Best Book Reviewer '' based largely on the essays reprinted in this book .

neg: God's Warriors CNN Presents : God 's Warriors is a three-part August 2007 CNN Presents documentary produced by Christiane Amanpour in which she examines the rise of religious fundamentalism as a political force in the world . The documentary was filmed in the United States , Europe and Middle East . It focuses on the three major monotheistic religions of the world , Judaism , Christianity , and Islam .   The three chapters were titled God 's Jewish Warriors , God 's Muslim Warriors , and God 's Christian Warriors . The first describes the Jewish settlement movement in Israel and the fund-raising in the United States that supports it , while the second presents issues of radical Islam and Sharia law . The final segment focused on the United States and the political influence of Christian religious leaders .   `` God 's Warriors is an investigation of religion , at a time when religious activism is a signature cultural phenomenon of our times , '' said Mark Nelson , vice president and senior executive producer for CNN Productions . `` This project 's global scope is ideally suited for the skills of someone with as impressive of a journalistic pedigree as our own Christiane Amanpour . ''   For this documentary , Amanpour reports that during the last 30 years , each faith has exploded into a powerful political force comprising followers who share a dissatisfaction with modern society , and a determination to place God and religion back into daily life and to the seats of power . `` There are millions of people around the world who feel that their faith is being ignored -- pushed aside -- and they are certain they know how to make the world right , '' Amanpour says . `` We can not and should not ignore them . And , with this report , we 've tried to explain them . ''


query: Burundi is populated by Twas.

pos: Twa The Twa ( also Cwa ) are any of several African hunting peoples or castes who live interdependently with agricultural Bantu populations , and who generally hold a socially subordinate position : They provide the farming population with game in exchange for agricultural products .

pos: Burundi Burundi ( -LSB- bəˈrʊndi -RSB- or -LSB- bəˈrʌndi -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Burundi ( Republika y' Uburundi , -LSB- buˈɾundi -RSB- République du Burundi , -LSB- buʁundi -RSB- or -LSB- byʁyndi -RSB- ) , is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa , bordered by Rwanda to the north , Tanzania to the east and south , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west . It is also considered part of Central Africa . Burundi 's capital is Bujumbura . The southwestern border is adjacent to Lake Tanganyika .   The Twa , Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years . For more than 200 of those years , Burundi was an independent kingdom , until the beginning of the 20th century , when Germany colonised the region . After the First World War and Germany 's defeat , it ceded the territory to Belgium . Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi . Despite common misconceptions , Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation .   Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy , but a series of assassinations , coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966 . Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the country undeveloped and its population as one of the world 's poorest . 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office , a coup attempt failed and the country 's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community .   Burundi 's political system is that of a presidential representative democratic republic based upon a multi-party state . The President of Burundi is the head of state and head of government . There are currently 21 registered parties in Burundi . On 13 March 1992 , Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya established a constitution , which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition . Six years later , on 6 June 1998 , the constitution was changed , broadening National Assembly 's seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents . Because of the Arusha Accord , Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000 . In October 2016 , Burundi informed the UN of its intention to withdraw from the International Criminal Court .   Burundi remains an overwhelmingly rural society , with just 13 % of the population living in urban areas in 2013 . The population density of around 315 people per square kilometre ( 753 per sq mi ) is the second highest in Sub-Saharan Africa . Roughly 85 % of the population are of Hutu ethnic origin , 15 % are Tutsi , and fewer than 1 % are indigenous Twa ( or Pygmies ) . The official languages of Burundi are French and Kirundi , although Swahili can be found spoken along the Tanzanian border .   One of the smallest countries in Africa , Burundi has an equatorial climate . Burundi is a part of the Albertine Rift , the western extension of the East African Rift . The country lies on a rolling plateau in the centre of Africa . The highest peak , Mount Heha at 8810 ft , lies to the southeast of the capital , Bujumbura . The source of the River Nile is in Bururi province , and is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the Ruvyironza River Another major lake is Lake Tanganyika , located in much of Burundi 's southwestern corner . There are two national parks , Kibira National Park to the northwest ( a small region of rain forest , adjacent to Nyungwe Forest National Park in Rwanda ) , Ruvubu National Park to the northeast ( along the Rurubu River , also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu ) . Both were established in 1982 to conserve wildlife populations . Burundi 's lands are mostly agricultural or pasture .   Settlement by rural populations has led to deforestation , soil erosion and habitat loss . Deforestation of the entire country is almost completely due to overpopulation , with a mere 230 mi2 remaining and an ongoing loss of about 9 % per annum . In addition to poverty , Burundians often have to deal with corruption , weak infrastructure , poor access to health and education services , and hunger . Burundi is densely populated and has had substantial emigration as young people seek opportunities elsewhere . The World Happiness Report 2017 ranked Burundi as the world 's second least happy nation with a rank of 154 .

neg: Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( -LSB- zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is Harare . A country of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used .   Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations -- which it withdrew from in 2003 . It is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) .   Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987 . Under Mugabe 's authoritarian regime , the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations . Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era , blaming Zimbabwe 's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries , while still executing conservative policies . Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials , contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe , though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him `` a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator '' .

neg: Sumbawanga Sumbawanga is a city located in western Tanzania . It is the capital of Rukwa Region . The regional population is approximately 150,000 based on a 2002 census . Sumbawanga lies in the territory of the Wafipa Fipa tribe and so many people speak Kifipa , as well as Kiswahili , the most widely used language of Tanzania . The name of the town literally translates as `` throw away your witchcraft '' , thought to be a warning from local spiritual `` healers '' to any bringing in superstitions and practices relating to spiritual healers from other areas ; there are still some healers who practice both in town and in the surrounding smaller villages on the plateau . The town has the largest hospital in the region , Rukwa General Hospital , which is government funded , as well as the smaller Dr. Atiman Hospital administrated and run by the Catholic Diocese of Sumbawanga .   The town acts as a supply and commercial center for the Rukwa Region and some governmental agencies are to be found there , notably the transport department for the region . Sumbawanga has both Libori and Moravian conference centres . A modest-size market is in the town centre where local produce may be found . This includes maize , rice , fruit , poultry and fish ( from Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa ) . Many imported plastic goods and electronics are available as well as bicycles and spares . Although there are several fuel outlets , supply can be quite erratic because of the difficulties of transport from the coast .   The local economy is largely dependent on agriculture and small locally owned businesses . There is very limited industry or production in the town . Significant improvement could be expected if the road to Mbeya was sealed to enable reliable all-weather access year round . This road , and its continuation north to Mpanda and Tabora or Kigoma , can become impassable at the height of the wet season ( Feb-Mar ) . The Tanzanian government does have contracts in place for upgrading large sections of these roads . The town can be reached by flights operated by Auric Air or by bus from Mbeya which lies to the south with train links to the town of Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia , to Dar es Salaam . Rail is also available through Tabora from Mpanda in the north . Mpanda also has an airport with a 2km sealed runway .   Sumbawanga has many schools and colleges , including Chem Chem Secondary School , Sumbawanga Secondary School , St. Aggrey Chanji High School , Mazwi Secondary School , St. Aggrey Teaching College , Musoma Utalii College , and Chem Chem Teaching College .

neg: List of African Great Lakes kingdoms The African Great Lakes kingdoms refers to the numerous historic kingdoms in the African Great Lakes region . These polities existed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , and had similar and yet sometimes distinct cultures , values and traditions . The Great Lakes kingdoms were found in Southeast Africa and some parts of Central Africa , in what is present-day northwest Tanzania , south Uganda , some parts of Rwanda , and Eastern Congo .   Buganda  Bunyoro  Burundi  Busoga  Buvinza  Buyungu  Buzinza  Gisaka  Heru  Igara  Ihangiro  Karagwe  Kimwani  Kiziba  Kyamutwara  Kyania  Mpororo  Mubari  Muhambwe  Nkore  Rwanda  Ruguru  Rusubi  Toro

neg: Nyakyusa language Nyakyusa , or Nyakyusa-Ngonde , is a Bantu language of Tanzania and Malawi spoken by the Nyakyusa people around the northern end of Lake Malawi . There is no single name for the language as a whole ; dialects are Nyakyusa , Ngonde ( Konde ) , Kukwe , Mwamba ( Lungulu ) , and Selya ( Salya , Seria ) of Tanzania . Disregarding the Bantu language prefixes Iki - and Ki - , the language is also known as Konde ~ Nkhonde , Mombe , Nyekyosa ~ Nyikyusa , and Sochile ~ Sokili .   Sukwa is often listed as another dialect , but according to Nurse ( 1988 ) and Fourshey ( 2002 ) it is a dialect of Lambya .   In Malawi Nyakusa and Kyangonde are spoken in the northern part of Karonga District , on the shore of Lake Malawi close to the border with Tanzania , while Nkhonde is spoken the centre of the district , including in the town of Karonga .   According to the Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi carried out by the Centre for Language Studies of the University of Malawi , `` Nyakyuska , though spoken by very few people , mainly at Iponga in Sub T / A Mwakawoko 's area , is regarded as the parent language from which Kyangonde and Chinkhonde originated . Kyangonde , on the other hand , is regarded as the most prestigious and standard language/dialect of the district . ... Chinkhonde is seen as a dialect of Kyangonde which has been heavily influenced by Citumbuka . ''   The same Survey contains a folktale ( the Tortoise and the Hare ) in Chinkhonde and other languages of Northern Malawi , as well as some comparative vocabulary .

neg: Council of Ministers (Burundi) In 2007 the Government of Burundi consisted of a 20-member Council of Ministers appointed by the President . The Council of Ministers , together with the President and Vice-Presidents , forms the executive branch of government in the country .   The constitution , which enshrines ethnically-based power-sharing , requires that 60 % of ministers come from the ethnic Hutu majority while the remaining 40 % come from the ethnic Tutsi minority . At least 30 % of government ministers must be women .   Members of President Pierre Nkurunziza 's government were announced on 14 November 2007 . The government consisted of 12 men ( 8 Hutus and 4 Tutsis ) and 8 women ( 6 Hutus and 2 Tutsis ) . The ethnic composition was 14 Hutus and 6 Tutsis . A new government was announced on August 29 , 2010 .

neg: Gervais Rufyikiri Gervais Rufyikiri ( born 12 April 1965 ) is a Burundian politician who was Second Vice President of Burundi from 2010 to 2015 .   Born in Gitega Province , Rufyikiri holds a doctorate ( PhD ) in Biological , Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Sciences from the Belgian university Université Catholique de Louvain . An ethnic Hutu , he is a member of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy ( CNDD-FDD ) , became President of Senate of Burundi on 17 August 2005 . He became Second Vice-President in 2010 .   As a member of President Pierre Nkurunziza 's ruling party , the CNDD-FDD , Rufyikiri expressed his opposition to Nkurunziza 's controversial bid for a third term in 2015 . As a result , he was effectively marginalized , although he initially remained in his post as Second Vice-President . On 25 June 2015 , Rufyikiri left the country and went into exile in Belgium , declaring that Nkurunziza 's candidacy was unconstitutional and that , by running , Nkurunziza was putting his own interests ahead of the nation 's interests . He said that Nkurunziza was `` deaf '' to ignore all the voices calling on him not to run . The government welcomed Rufyikiri 's departure and alleged that he was involved in the failed May 2015 coup attempt .

neg: Burundi national rugby union team The Burundi national rugby union team represents Burundi in international rugby union . The nation are a member of the International Rugby Board ( IRB ) and have yet to play in a Rugby World Cup tournament . The Burundi national rugby team played their first international in 2003 - losing to Uganda . They participate annually in the CAR Castel Beer Trophy . However , in the 2007 tournament Burundi withdrew for financial reasons .

neg: Prime Minister of Burundi This article contains a list of Prime Ministers of Burundi since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Burundi in 1961 , to its abolition in 1998 .   A total of fourteen people have served as Prime Minister of Burundi ( not counting one Acting Prime Minister ) . Additionally , two persons , Pierre Ngendandumwe and Albin Nyamoya , have served on two non-consecutive occasions .

neg: Zambia Zambia ( -LSB- ˈzæmbiə -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zambia , is a landlocked country in Southern Africa , neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north-east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The capital city is Lusaka , in the south-central part of Zambia . The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the country .   Originally inhabited by Khoisan peoples , the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century . After visits by European explorers in the eighteenth century , Zambia became the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century . For most of the colonial period , Zambia was governed by an administration appointed from London with the advice of the British South Africa Company .   On 24 October 1964 , Zambia became independent of the United Kingdom and prime minister Kenneth Kaunda became the inaugural president . Kaunda 's socialist United National Independence Party ( UNIP ) maintained power from 1964 until 1991 . Kaunda played a key role in regional diplomacy , cooperating closely with the United States in search of solutions to conflicts in Rhodesia ( Zimbabwe ) , Angola , and Namibia . From 1972 to 1991 Zambia was a one-party state with the UNIP as the sole legal political party under the motto `` One Zambia , One Nation '' . Kaunda was succeeded by Frederick Chiluba of the social-democratic Movement for Multi-Party Democracy in 1991 , beginning a period of social-economic growth and government decentralisation . Levy Mwanawasa , Chiluba 's chosen successor , presided over Zambia from January 2002 until his death in August 2008 , and is credited with campaigns to reduce corruption and increase the standard of living . After Mwanawasa 's death , Rupiah Banda presided as Acting President before being elected President in 2008 . Holding office for only three years , Banda stepped down after his defeat in the 2011 elections by Patriotic Front party leader Michael Sata . Sata died on 28 October 2014 , the second Zambian president to die in office . Guy Scott served briefly as interim president until new elections were held on 20 January 2015 , in which Edgar Lungu was elected as the sixth President .   In 2010 , the World Bank named Zambia one of the world 's fastest economically reformed countries . The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) is headquartered in Lusaka .

neg: Jie (Uganda) The Jie are an ethnic group of Uganda . They belong to the Karamojong Cluster , which also includes the Karamojong and Dodoth people .  Their country in northeast Uganda lies between the Dodoth to the north and the Karamojong to the south .   The Jie people were estimated to number about 50,000 as of 1986 . Their language is a dialect of the Karamojong language .  Jie families that believe they are distantly related in the male line often keep their homesteads close to each other .  Jie clans are groups of related people that may have over one hundred members . They are exogamous , meaning that people must marry outside the clan , and men should generally not marry into their mother 's clan .  There are some common cultural symbols among the Jie , such as jewelry , but they do not have strong shared taboos related to animals or food .   The Jie are semi-nomadic pastoral people .  They share the habit of constant low-level warfare , mainly to capture cattle , with their neighbors . According to P.H. Gulliver , writing in 1952 , `` Turkana made war on all their neighbours with the exception of the Jie , with whom they occasionally allied themselves against the Karamajong and the Dodoth . Karamajong similarly made war on all their neighbors with the exception of the Dudoth , with whom they occasionally allied themselves against the Jie . Jie claim friendship with the Toposa , but since they have no common boundaries this would have been of little importance . Toposa and Donyiro did not fight each other , and are known to have formed an alliance against the Turkana . Toposa and Jie were enemies '' .   The Jie have experienced difficulty with a government that is not sympathetic to their lifestyle , wanting them to stay in one place for easier administration , and to sell their cattle for cash to pay taxes .  The people retain their warlike traditions . In June 2009 , eight people were shot dead by Jie warriors in Kaabong district .  The warriors had been prevented by police from raiding protected kraals .  They killed six residents of Luwakuj village in Kapedo sub-county and two residents in Lukwakaramoi village in Kalapata sub-county .

neg: Mambwe people The Mambwe are an ethnic and linguistic group from Rukwa Region , Tanzania and northeastern Zambia . In 1987 the Mambwe population in Tanzania was estimated to number 63,000 . The number of Mambwe in Zambia has not been independently estimated , though the combined number of Mambwe and Lungu in Zambia was estimated to be 262,800 in 1993 . The mambwe people of Zambia are known to be great businessmen . They also distinguish the last names for males and females , like the Namwanga people , by applying prefixes `` Si '' and `` Na '' to be the first two letters of the last name e.g. Sinyangwe ( Male ) & Nanyangwe ( Female ) , Sikasula ( Male ) & Nakasula ( Female ) , Sinkamba ( Male ) & Nankamba ( Female ) , Simusokwe ( Male ) & Namusokwe ( Female ) , Sikasote ( Male ) & Nakasote ( Female ) , Simfukwe ( Male ) & Namfukwe ( Female ) , Sinkala ( Male ) & Nankala ( Nankala ) , Simbela ( Male ) & Nambela ( Female ) sichilima ( male ) nachilima ( female ) etc. .  A meal of beans ( `` choli '' ) and okra ( `` kumbi '' ) are a mambwe staple and delicacy .   The Mambwe language and Cilungu , the Lungu language , are distinguished by minor dialect differences . The Mambwe people are known to be polygamous ( impali ) , although this trend is slowly changing with religious affiliations , and advancements in modern schooling and trends . Like other African people , marriage is very important , although girls are known to marry earlier , often with pressure coming from parents and other relatives .   Category : Ethnic groups in Tanzania  Category : Ethnic groups in Zambia  Category : Indigenous peoples of East Africa

neg: BAMUTA Baraza la Muziki la Taifa ( BAMUTA ; Swahili for `` National Music Council '' ) was a national council created in 1974 by the government of the newly independent Tanzania . Its purpose was to regulate the music business in the country , in the context of a wider programme intended to create a solidified national identity . This , in turn , was a crucial element in Ujamaa , President Julius Nyerere 's version of african socialism . Similar institutions were founded to rule over other aspects of the nation 's culture , including the nationwide adoption of Swahili language ( promoted by Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa ) and the development of Tanzanian art ( Baraza la Sanaa la Taifa ) ( BASATA ) . The overall idea was to build a new popular culture for the workers and peasants of the country , free from the heritage of colonialism and bourgeoisie culture .   BAMUTA was responsible for the establishment of national music policies , which sought to control musical imports and issued disco and club licenses . BAMUTA called for strict government planning as well as control over the popular music in Tanzania . For example , import of foreign music was generally banned with the exception of music from Zaire .   Under such restriction , and due to government promotion of musical creativity , many bands formed and new African music styles emerged , most notably in the muziki wa dansi ( dance music ) business .   In 1984 , BAMUTA was merged into BASATA .

neg: Kabwitika Kabwitika is a village in the Commune of Bubanza in Bubanza Province in north western Burundi .

neg: Commune of Mwakiro The commune of Mwakiro is a commune of Muyinga Province in northeastern Burundi . The capital lies at Mwakiro .

neg: Kwavi people The Kwavi are a pastoralist ethnic and linguistic group based in Tanzania , with a 1957 census population of 7,378 . They are the principal speakers of the Kwavi language .   The Kwavi are related to the Maasai . Though little has been written about them , they were the subject of a 1974 Master 's thesis at the University of Dar es Salaam by Douglas Ndagala , `` Social and Economic Change among the Pastoral Wakwavi and Its Impact on Rural Development . '' At least one author , however , denies their existence as a distinct ethnic group , while another research paper gives the names Ilparakuyo and Baraguyu as apparent synonyms for Kwavi .   The Kwavi basically refer to a cultural or occupational group . This term is also used in Kenya and it is used to refer to groups of people related to the Akamba people .   The Kwavi of Tanzania are not basically a separate ethnic group per se but a people within an ethnic group who have a particular preoccupation . Wakwavi are basically pastoral but do also have elements of agricultural , as such , they are a sedentary people with a heavy bias to pastoralism . Wakwavi of Tanzania were looked upon as being Gogo people with whom they shared the same language .   With time , due to loss of livestock and consequential pauperism , many have changed their preoccupation and have become agriculturist and as such now not discernible from the other Gogo people . They were mistaken as Masaai , whom they were not , for although they had Masaai features of dressing , they had not their ornament , they did not use ochre as the Masaai , nor did plait their hair long like the Masaai . And although the blanket featured just as the Masaai , their nakedness was not exposed as the Masaai .   However , unlike other Gogos , they pierced and elongated their earlobes , this though is not limited to the Masaai .   The Kwavi being part of the Gogo group is an indication of the emergence of the Gogo tribe which basically is not a tribe but a Nation . The Gogo is a modern agglomerate group , the different sections being brought together by the great leader Mazengo . The group is made up of such elements as Wakaguru this gave rise to the Gogo people around Mpwapwa and just like the Wakaguru are characterised as being agriculturist , you have the Gogo of Western Gogoland who are more like their western neighbours the Konongo and the southern Gogos , who are a mixture of the agro-pastralist Wasangu and agriculturist Hehe .   The Wakwavi origins have been attributed to conflicting sources , most people claimed that they were of Masaai influence , namely referring to Parakuo Masaai influence , another school of thought point to a common origin with the Hadzabe and even Nyaturu .   An alternative view is that the term Wakwavi ( or Kwafi ) is a Swahili corruption of the Maa iloonkuapi ( ` people of other lands ' ) . Among Maasai , this is a relative term that is applied to other Maasai-speaking groups or sections who are not close allies : if section A regard section B as iloonkuapi , then B may apply the same term to A , implying mutual mistrust . The confusion appears to stem from an early work by the coastal missionary Ludwig Krapf , whose Maasai informant wished to distance himself from those Maasai who were responsible for raids on the Swahili coast . He described them as iloonkuapi , and Krapf assumed that they were other Maa-speaking peoples who were deadly enemies of the Maasai proper , regarding iloonkuapi as an absolute term rather than a reciprocal one . Subsequent visitors to the area followed Krapf 's account and the name Wakwavi became established , randomly applied to ethnic groups who were neighbours of the Maasai proper and shared their culture up to a point .

neg: Muyange Muyange is a city in northwest Burundi .

neg: Mangwende Mangwende is a dynasty from Southern Africa , Zimbabwe commonly known as Mangwende dynasty of Nhowe or Mangwende of Nhowe . It is the royal dynasty of the Nhowe people , who are a part of the Shona tribe now living in Murewa , Mashonaland East , Zimbabwe . The Mangwende dynasty was started by the patriarch of the Nhowe people , Sakubvunza in 1606 who established the Shona traditional state of Nhowe . The name Nhowe refers to the traditional state as well as the Nhowe people .   The Mangwende Chieftainship employs a system of collateral succession which alternates between two houses of the dynasty . The two houses of Chieftain lineage are Mhotani ( Bokoto ) and Hundungu ( Chitopi ) houses . The earliest use of the name Mangwende is in 1859 , by Hundungu who ruled as Chief from 1859-1878 . Hundungu is the first person to assume the ruling title `` Mangwende '' with proper investiture from the Rozvi , the traditional council . Prior to this , there was no common name in reference to the chiefainship , and previous Chiefs used family names in respect to the clan , `` Nhowe '' .   Totem   The totem of the Mangwende clan is `` moyo mzukuru '' which uses the bull as its symbolic animal . However , in practice , the tribe strictly holds only the heart of the animal as sacred , not the whole animal .   Chieftainships : 1606-2013   Mangwende dynasty , formerly in Matandandura and Matukutu , settles in Nhowe . The chieftainship changes hands between the two lineages on the death of the sitting Chief ( unless the authorities deems otherwise ) .   '' '' Mhotani ( Bokoto ) and Hundungu ( Chitopi ) are the highest ranking names in modern day history of Nhowe politics as they represent both Chieftainship ( lineages ) of Mungate1 ( Mushawatu ) and Gatsi1 . Tne names Bokoto and Chitopi houses are purely for administrative purposes . It should be noted the two lineages lived in close proximity for over ( 3 ) three centuries at Mahopo Chitopi Nyakambiri river near Marondera .   History   The Mangwende clan dominated the geographical area between Makoni and Mutoko in Mashonaland East , Zimbabawe , which then existed in the political format of traditional states . Mangwende had a fighting force that fought rival clans , and was often called to defend allies in battle . Within their territory , the Mangwende chieftainship had several sub-Chiefs of surrounding clans under their protectorate who would pledge allegiance to Chief Mangwende in return for military support if attacked by other rival Chiefs . As the paramount chief , Mangwende administered over the welfare , security and civil order of small chieftainship clans and presided in ceremonial duties .   The house of Hundungu who was chief from 1859-1878 and was the first to assume the title of Chief Mangwende with proper Rozvi investiture . Prior to this period all Chiefs ( Mambos ) were called or known by their family names . It was about this time that there was a bit of animosity between the two chieftain lineages as it was alleged that the other lineage had attacked the other with a flock of bees from a charm ( Gona ) . Katerere , father to Chiroodza and Chibanda , ruled for one year 1878-1879 and died and was replaced by Mungate son of Hundungu who became Chief from 1880-1924 . He was chief at the time when the white settlers arrived in Zimbabwe , then Rhodesia . They were based at Mahopo Masekwa bordering Marondera . The totem is `` Moyo Muzukuru '' , which belongs to entire Nhowe tribe . Most of the late Mangwende chiefs are buried at the Mangwende shrine in Mahopo Masekwa . Over a period of time the Bokoto house decided to bury their chiefs at an Area called Bokoto in Mukarakate , before that they were all buried at Mahopo Masekwa . Only ( 3 ) three chiefs were not buried at the Mangwende Shrine Maseekwa Mahopo being Katerere , Enoch and Chibanda 11 ( two ) Defiance of White SettlersWhite colonialists arrived around the period of 1890 disguised as hunters and missionaries and settled in the territory controlled by Chief Mungate Mangwende . At about 1896 , Chief Mangwende fought white settlers who tried to impose on his territory in the famous battles that became known as the 1896 rebellion .   He led his forces to defend Makoni who had also been invlolved in resisting white settlement rule . Chief Mungate Mangwende 's oldest son , Muchemwa , through orders from his father the chief fought the colonialist white settlers in the 1896 with the ( uprising ) in conjunction with Mbuya Nehanda and Kaguwi . After Chief Mungate Mangwende made peace with the White settlers ( authorities ) in 1896 his son Muchemwa together with other members of Nhowe war council continued to wedge a guerilla type of war as they were disgruntled with white settler rule . This war continued up to 1903 and ended in the fierce battle of Bokoto hills , which lasted several weeks . Muchemwa brokered a deal with the White Settlers ( authorities ) that he could only lay down his arms together with his lieutenants on condition he did not face any prosecution . The authorities agreed on one condition that he resided next to Murewa District Headquarters where he would be monitored . After the rebellion the white settlers took over the fertile land in Mahopo Masekwa and Chief Mungate was moved to a place called Rota , Chamachinda .   The village around the Murewa District Centre is known as the Mangwende Village , with most of its inhabitants being of Nhowe tribe Totem `` Moyo Muzukuru '' . At the time of Muchemwa 's death in 1909 ( murdered ) , his father was still on the throne but he left three sons , Mbumbira , Munhuwepayi , and Maiziveyi . His second son , Munhuwepayi , became a chief at the Mangwende Village and the entire Murewa area . He ruled from 1937-1960 and was deposed from the chieftainship for continually disagreeing and criticizing white settlers administration decisions which was deemed to be gross insubordination . Another contributing factor was for participating in politics in the late 1950s 60s up until independence 1980 , in NDP and then ZAPU ( Zimbabwe African Peoples Union ) which merged with ZANU PF ( Zimbabwe African National Union ) in 1987 into one party called Zimbabwe African National Union ZANU PF . Once dethroned he was sent to detention at Gonakudzingwa Restriction Camp , ( Gonakudzingwa meaning `` where the banished ones sleep '' ) in Southern Rhodesia , near the Mozambique border , which was a special detention for ZAPU political prisoners set up by Ian Smith 's government . On his release he was banished from staying or visiting Murewa and restricted to 25 kmradius of Salisbury , now Harare . Even when his relations died he was not allowed to attend the funerals among them his own children and young brother , Maiziveyi Mangwende '' ' who died in 1971 . He later died in November 1988 and was buried at the Mangwende shrine at Mahopo Maseekwa near Marondera . It was his brother Maziveyi four sons Innocent , Cyril , Alois and Godfrey who performed the traditional rites for Chief Munhuwepayi to be buried at the Mangwende Shrine as they were the direct and immediate descendants of Muchemwa lineage .

neg: List of Tutsis This is a list of notable Tutsis   Michel Micombero , former president of Burundi − 1940 -- 1983  Jean-Baptiste Bagaza , former president of Burundi -- born 1946  Pierre Buyoya , former president of Burundi -- born 1949  Sylvie Kinigi , former prime minister of Burundi and acting president of Burundi -- born 1952  Louis Rwagasore , former prime minister of Burundi -- 1932 -- 1961   Léopold Biha , former prime minister of Burundi  Anatole Kanyenkiko , former prime minister of Burundi -- born 1952  Scholastique Mukasonga , writer , author of Our Lady of the Nile  Antoine Nduwayo , former prime minister of Burundi -- born 1942  Mathias Sinamenye , 2nd vice president of Burundi  Alphonse-Marie Kadege , 4th vice president of Burundi  Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro 5th vice president of Burundi  Martin Nduwimana , 6th vice president of Burundi -- born 1958  Rosalie Gicanda , ex-queen of Rwanda  Sonia Rolland ( born 1981 ) , actress , mother tutsi , father French  Lando Ndasingwa , Rwandan politician , -- died 1994  Benjamin Sehene , Rwandian author -- ( born 1959 ) , lives in Paris

neg: West Lunga National Park West Lunga National Park is a remote wildlife haven in dense forest in the North-Western Province of Zambia . It lies between the West Lunga River and Kabompo River about 10 km north of the gravel road from Solwezi to Kabompo , and covers about 1700 km ² .   The national park is the only one in Zambia covered by forest , categorised in the small Cryptosepalum dry forests ecoregion , which exists only in a few patches in the south west of the province extending a little over the border into Angola . Cryptosepalum trees ( called `` mukwe '' locally ) are evergreen and grow densely with a closed canopy . The ecoregion forms the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone . Although the rainfall in the area is quite high ( above 1,000 mm per year ) the soils are sandy and well drained so apart from the rivers there is a lack of surface water . A few patches of Miombo woodland and grassland also exist in the park .   The park lacks management , facilities , and roads . There is no accommodation and no towns nearby , visitors must be completely self-sufficient . ( The Zambia Tourism website does not even mention the park . ) It is reached by a dirt track from the main road to the park gate and base at Jivundu in its south-west . The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low in the region , and despite some poaching and the absence of protection , the forest is believed to be still fairly rich in wildlife . Smaller forest mammals such as duiker and bushpigs live there , and recent reports also mention puku , hippopotami , Nile crocodiles , vervet monkeys , and yellow baboons . The game guards say there are buffalo , roan antelopes , sable antelopes , Lichtenstein 's hartebeests , impalas , elands , and elephants .   As of September 2008 , African Parks Network ( also known as African Parks Foundation or African Parks Conservation ) from The Netherlands concluded an agreement for the management of West Lunga National Park .

neg: Arusha Arusha is a city in northern Tanzania and the capital of the Arusha Region , with a population of 416,442 plus 323,198 in the surrounding Arusha District ( 2012 census ) . Located below Mount Meru on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley , Arusha has a temperate climate . The city is close to the Serengeti National Park , the Ngorongoro Conservation Area , Lake Manyara National Park , Olduvai Gorge , Tarangire National Park , Mount Kilimanjaro , and Arusha National Park on Mount Meru .   Arusha is a major international diplomatic hub . The city hosts the East African Community . From 1994 to 2015 , the city also hosted the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda , but that entity has ceased operations . It is a multicultural city with a majority Tanzanian population of mixed backgrounds : indigenous African , Arab-Tanzanian and Indian-Tanzanian population , plus a small White European and a white American minority population . Religions of the Arushan population include Christianity , Islam , and Hinduism .