query: Vera Farmiga has become associated with horror.

pos: Vera Farmiga Vera Ann Farmiga ( -LSB- fɑrˈmiːɡə -RSB- born August 6 , 1973 ) is an American actress , director and producer . She began her career on Broadway in the play Taking Sides ( 1996 ) . She made her television debut in the Fox fantasy series Roar ( 1997 ) , and her film debut in the drama-thriller Return to Paradise ( 1998 ) .   Farmiga 's breakout role came in 2004 , when she portrayed a mother harboring a secret drug habit in the drama film Down to the Bone . She then co-starred in The Manchurian Candidate ( 2004 ) , The Departed ( 2006 ) , The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas ( 2008 ) , and Nothing But the Truth ( 2008 ) . She gained more critical acclaim for her role as Alex Goran in the 2009 comedy-drama Up in the Air , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Golden Globe Award , and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress .   She then had starring roles in Orphan ( 2009 ) , Source Code ( 2011 ) , and Safe House ( 2012 ) . Farmiga made her directorial debut with the drama film Higher Ground ( 2011 ) , in which she also starred in the lead role . In 2013 , she portrayed paranormal investigator Lorraine Warren in the horror film The Conjuring , and reprised the role in the 2016 sequel The Conjuring 2 .   From 2013 to 2017 , Farmiga starred as Norma Louise Bates in the A&E drama-thriller series Bates Motel , for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination . This role , along with her roles in Joshua , Orphan , and the two Conjuring films , has dubbed her as a contemporary scream queen .

pos: Scream queen A scream queen ( a wordplay on screen queen ) is an actress who has become associated with horror films , either through an appearance in a notable entry in the genre as a frequent victim or through constant appearances as the female protagonist . Jamie Lee Curtis is noted as a seminal example for her performances in the popular slasher films of the Halloween franchise . In recent years , the male counterpart has been labeled a scream king .

neg: Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women .   After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' .   Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music .   Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .

neg: Open House (American Horror Story) `` Open House '' is the seventh episode of the first season of the television series American Horror Story , which premiered on the network FX on November 16 , 2011 . The episode was written by co-creator and executive producer Brad Falchuk and was directed by Tim Hunter . This episode is rated TV-MA ( LSV ) .   In this episode , Violet ( Taissa Farmiga ) is confronted by a revelation , while Vivien ( Connie Britton ) learns she is pregnant with twins .   In 2012 , this episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or Movie .

neg: Nosferatu Nosferatu , eine Symphonie des Grauens ( translated as Nosferatu : A Symphony of Horror ; or simply Nosferatu ) is a 1922 German Expressionist horror film , directed by F. W. Murnau , starring Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok . The film , shot in 1921 and released in 1922 , was an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stoker 's Dracula . Various names and other details were changed from the novel : for instance , `` vampire '' became `` Nosferatu '' and `` Count Dracula '' became `` Count Orlok '' .   Stoker 's heirs sued over the adaptation , and a court ruling ordered that all copies of the film be destroyed . However , a few prints of Nosferatu survived , and the film came to be regarded as an influential masterpiece of cinema . As of 2017 , it is Rotten Tomatoes ' third-best reviewed horror film of all time .   The film was released in the United States on 3 June 1929 , seven years after its original premiere in Germany , where it instantly became a hit .

neg: Kill, Baby, Kill Kill , Baby , Kill ( Operazione paura , Operation Fear ) is a 1966 Italian horror film directed by Mario Bava and starring Giacomo Rossi-Stuart and Erika Blanc . Based on a story co-written by Bava , Romano Migliorini , and Roberto Natale , the film focuses on a small village in the Carpathian Mountains that is being terrorized by the ghost of a murderous young girl .   Shot in Calcata and released in Italy in the summer of 1966 , Kill , Baby , Kill was a commercial success , grossing 201 Italian lira in box office receipts ; it was released in the United States two years later in October 1968 . Noted for its lush visuals and Gothic narrative , it is considered by critics to be one of Bava 's landmark films , and has also been credited as being substantively influential on various filmmakers across genres .

neg: Luis Enrique Vergara Luis Enrique Vergara made low-budget horror and monster movies from 1950 to 1971 . In attempt to please all film goers , he combined monsters and horror with action , sex , science fiction , and comedy . To save money , he often wrote the screenplay as well as producing the films from his Filmica Vergara Cinecomisiones , a film production company he founded in 1952 .   During the two decades that Vergara wrote and produced films he worked with actors and actresses including Susana Dosamantes , Macaria , Altia Michel , Isela Vega , John Carradine , and Boris Karloff .  He produced the last four films in which Boris Karloff appeared : The Snake People , The Incredible Invasion , Fear Chamber , and House of Evil . Bill Warren , the science-fiction historian , was on the set during the filming ; he reported that Vergara forced the director of the American sequences Jack Hill to tie down with a rope `` an early portable video camera to the top of the 35mm Mitchell he was using as his principal camera '' , a relatively early example of the `` video assist '' which is now standard practice in commercial film production . Due to his unexpected death , the release of the Karloff films was held up due to ownership rights of inheritance under Mexican law .

neg: Zora Kerova Zora Ulla Keslerová ( born August 11 , 1950 ) is a Czech actress , dancer , singer and model . Often credited under the names Zora Kerova , Zora Kerowa or Zora Keer , she became known for starring in numerous Italian horror films during the 1980s .   Born in Prague , Czechoslovakia , she began her career as a dancer and singer , later becoming a photo model . Kerova made her screen debut in the Italian film , La febbre americana ( 1978 ) . A year later , she appeared in the Czech drama , Křehké vztahy , and another Italian film , Terror Express . She followed by starring in cult horror films such as Antropophagus ( 1980 ) , Cannibal Ferox ( 1981 ) and Lucio Fulci 's The New York Ripper ( 1982 ) . She later appeared in another two Fulci 's films , Touch of Death ( 1988 ) and Sodoma 's Ghost ( 1988 ) .

neg: Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants .   By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .

neg: Ellie Cornell Ellie Cornell ( born December 15 , 1963 ) is an American actress and movie producer , known primarily for her roles in horror films . After her marriage to producer Mark Gottwald , she is sometimes credited as Ellie Gottwald .

neg: Elena Russo Elena Russo ( born February 13 , 1972 ) is an Italian actress of cinema , television and theatre .

neg: Specters (film) Spettri , internationally released as Specters , is a 1987 Italian horror film directed by Marcello Avallone .

neg: A Spectre Haunts Europe A Spectre Haunts Europe ( -LSB- Призрак бродит по Европе , Prizrak brodit po Evrope -RSB- ) is a 1923 Soviet silent horror film directed by Vladimir Gardin . It was made by the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 's production company VUFKU . It is based on Edgar Allan Poe 's story The Masque of the Red Death . The film features a massacre on the Odessa Steps which may have served as an inspiration for the more famous scene in Sergei Eisenstein 's Battleship Potemkin .   The film 's sets were designed by the art director Vladimir Yegorov .

neg: Paranormal Entity Paranormal Entity is a 2009 American supernatural horror film written , directed by and starring Shane Van Dyke and produced by The Asylum in 2009 . It is one of many films dubbed as a `` mockbuster '' , a movie designed to capitalize on the success of a more popular film . Paranormal Entity is a copycat of the successful low-budget horror film Paranormal Activity . The film was followed by indirect sequels 8213 : Gacy House ( also known as Paranormal Entity 2 ) in 2010 , Anneliese : The Exorcist Tapes ( also known as Paranormal Entity 3 ) in 2011 , and 100 Ghost Street : The Return of Richard Speck ( also known as Paranormal Entity 4 ) in 2012 .

neg: Taissa Farmiga Taissa Farmiga ( -LSB- tɑː ` iːsə_fɑrˈmiːɡə -RSB- born August 17 , 1994 ) is an American actress . She began her career on film in the drama Higher Ground ( 2011 ) , and subsequently made her television debut in the FX series American Horror Story : Murder House ( 2011 ) . Farmiga made her stage debut in the Off-Broadway revival of the drama play Buried Child ( 2016 ) .   Farmiga has since appeared in The Bling Ring ( 2013 ) , Mindscape ( 2013 ) , At Middleton ( 2013 ) , The Final Girls ( 2015 ) , 6 Years ( 2015 ) , In a Valley of Violence ( 2016 ) , and Rules Do n't Apply ( 2016 ) . She has voiced Raven in Justice League vs. Teen Titans ( 2016 ) and Teen Titans : The Judas Contract ( 2017 ) .

neg: Nightmare (1981 film) Nightmare ( also known as Nightmares in a Damaged Brain ) is a 1981 slasher film directed by Romano Scavolini . Nightmare gained instant notoriety among horror fans when it was banned in the UK as a video nasty and its distributor was sentenced to 18 months in prison for refusing to edit one second of violent footage . The film also garnered controversy for claiming in its press material that Tom Savini had provided the film 's special effects , which Savini vehemently denied .

neg: Frankenhooker Frankenhooker is a 1990 American black comedy horror directed by Frank Henenlotter . Very loosely inspired by Mary Shelley 's novel Frankenstein , the film stars James Lorinz as medical school drop-out Jeffrey Franken and former Penthouse Pet Patty Mullen as the title character ( who wears a fatsuit in the beginning of the film ) .

neg: Gothika Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez . Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a women 's mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars , accused of having murdered her husband . The film was first released on November 21 , 2003 in the United States . At the time of its release , Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment , with a worldwide gross of $ 141.6 million .

neg: Martin (1978 film) Martin is a 1978 American horror film written and directed by George A. Romero .   Romero claims that Martin is the favorite of all his films . The film is also notable as the first collaboration between George Romero and special effects artist Tom Savini . While not prosecuted for obscenity , the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic .

neg: Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism .   In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .

neg: The Dark Eyes of London (film) The Dark Eyes of London is a 1939 British horror film directed by Walter Summers , starring Béla Lugosi and Greta Gynt . The film is an adaptation of the 1924 novel of the same name by Edgar Wallace . The film is about a scientist named Dr. Orloff who commits a series of murders for insurance money , while periodically disguising himself as the blind manager of a charity to further his scheme .   It was released in November 1939 in Britain , where it became the first British film to receive the `` H '' rating for `` Horrific '' . It was released in the USA in 1940 by Monogram Pictures under the title of The Human Monster .

neg: Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies .   Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal .   The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film :   If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction  He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes  Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images   In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .


query: Machu Picchu was located in the Americas.

pos: Inca Empire The Inca Empire ( Quechua : Tawantinsuyu , `` The Four Regions '' ) , also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire , was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America , and possibly the largest empire in the world in the early 16th century . The administrative , political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru . The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century . Its last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572 .   From 1438 to 1533 , the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America , centered on the Andean Mountains , using conquest and peaceful assimilation , among other methods . At its largest , the empire joined Peru , large parts of modern Ecuador , western and south central Bolivia , northwest Argentina , north and central Chile and a small part of southern Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia . Its official language was Quechua . Many local forms of worship persisted in the empire , most of them concerning local sacred Huacas , but the Inca leadership encouraged the worship of Inti -- their sun god -- and imposed its sovereignty above other cults such as that of Pachamama . The Incas considered their king , the Sapa Inca , to be the `` son of the sun . ''   The Inca Empire was unique in that it lacked many features associated with civilization in the Old World . In the words of one scholar , `` The Incas lacked the use of wheeled vehicles . They lacked animals to ride and draft animals that could pull wagons and plows ... -LSB- They -RSB- lacked the knowledge of iron and steel ... Above all , they lacked a system of writing ... Despite these supposed handicaps , the Incas were still able to construct one of the greatest imperial states in human history '' .   The Incan economy has been described as `` feudal , slave , socialist ( here one may choose between socialist paradise or socialist tyranny ) . ''  The economy functioned largely without money and without markets . Instead , exchange of goods and services was based on reciprocity between individuals and among individuals , groups , and Inca rulers . `` Taxes '' consisted of a labor obligation of a person to the Empire . The Inca rulers ( who theoretically owned all the means of production ) reciprocated by granting access to land and goods and providing food and drink in celebratory feasts for their subjects .

pos: Peru Peru , is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river .   Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization in Caral ( one of the oldest in the world with settlements as old as 3200 BC ) to the Inca Empire , the largest state in Pre-Columbian America . The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty with its capital in Lima , which included most of its South American colonies . Ideas of political autonomy later spread throughout Spanish America and Peru gained its independence , which was formally proclaimed in 1821 after the occupation by military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar and only after the battle of Ayacucho , three years after proclamation , Peru ensured its independence . After achieving independence , the country remained in recession and kept a low military profile until an economic rise based on the extraction of raw and maritime materials struck the country , which ended shortly before the war of the Pacific . Subsequently , the country has undergone changes in government from oligarchic to democratic systems . Peru has gone through periods of political unrest and internal conflict as well as periods of stability and economic upswing .   Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions . It is a developing country with a high Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 25.8 percent . Its main economic activities include mining , manufacturing , agriculture and fishing .   The Peruvian population , estimated at 31.2 million in 2015 , is multiethnic , including Amerindians , Europeans , Africans and Asians . The main spoken language is Spanish , although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages . This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art , cuisine , literature , and music .   __ TOC __

pos: Machu Picchu Machu Picchu ( -LSB- ˈmatʃu ˈpitʃu -RSB- ) ( Machu Pikchu -LSB- ˈmɑtʃu ˈpixtʃu -RSB- ) is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 2430 m above sea level . It is located in the Cusco Region , Urubamba Province , Machupicchu District in Peru , above the Sacred Valley , which is 80 km northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows .   Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti ( 1438 -- 1472 ) . Often mistakenly referred to as the `` Lost City of the Incas '' ( a title more accurately applied to Vilcabamba ) , it is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization . The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest . Although known locally , it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside world until American historian Hiram Bingham brought it to international attention in 1911 .   Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style , with polished dry-stone walls . Its three primary structures are the Inti Watana , the Temple of the Sun , and the Room of the Three Windows . Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of how they originally appeared . By 1976 , thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and restoration continues .   Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historic Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 . In 2007 , Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll .

neg: Continental Divide of the Americas The Continental Divide of the Americas ( also known as the Great Divide , the Continental Gulf of Division , or merely the Continental Divide ) is the principal , and largely mountainous , hydrological divide of the Americas . The Continental Divide extends from the Bering Strait to the Strait of Magellan , and separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from ( 1 ) those river systems that drain into the Atlantic Ocean ( including those that drain into the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea ) , and ( 2 ) along the northernmost reaches of the Divide , those river systems that drain into the Arctic Ocean .   Though there are many other hydrological divides in the Americas , the Great Divide is by far the most prominent of these because it tends to follow a line of high peaks along the main ranges of the Rocky Mountains and Andes , at a generally much higher elevation than the other hydrological divisions .  __ TOC __

neg: Cerro Quiac Cerro Quiac ( -LSB- ˈsero kiˈak -RSB- ) ( K'iaq -LSB- -LSB- kˀiˈaq -RSB- -RSB- and K'iaqb ` al -LSB- -LSB- kˀiaqˈɓal -RSB- -RSB- in the K'iche language ) is a small Maya archaeological site located at an altitude of 2635 m , overlooking the Plains of Urbina in the Guatemalan Highlands . When investigated in 1970 it had five stone sculptures , by 1977 only four were left . The sculptures included figures and geometric decoration . The site is still used for contemporary Maya rituals . Cerro Quiac is located in the northeast of the municipality of Cantel , within the boundaries of the hamlet of Chirijquiac .   Cerro Quiac contains two small groups of pre-Columbian architecture . An ethnohistoric document from the early Colonial period describes the site as a fortress founded by the Mam Maya , who were subsequently driven from the area by K'iche ' expansion . Cerro Quiac has been dated to the Early Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology ( approximately 900 -- 1200 AD ) . Local K'iche ' folklore holds that the archaeological site was a training ground for K'iche ' warriors , and that the K'iche ' hero Tecun Uman died upon the hill .

neg: Capacocha Capacocha or Qhapaq hucha ( Quechua qhapaq noble , principal , mighty , royal , hucha crime , sin , guilt Hispanicized spellings Capac cocha , Capaccocha , Capacocha , also qhapaq ucha ) was an important sacrificial rite among the Inca that typically involved the sacrifice of children . The phrase Capacocha has also been translated to mean `` solemn sacrifice '' or `` royal obligation . '' The rationale for this type of sacrificial rite has typically been understood as the Inca trying to ensure that humanity 's best were sent to join their deities . Capacocha ceremonies took place under several circumstances . Some were undertaken as the result of key events in the life of the Sapa Inca , the Inca Emperor , such as illness , his death , his succession to the throne , or the birth of a son . At other times , Capacocha ceremonies were undertaken to stop natural disasters or were performed during major festivals at important ceremonial sites .   Capacocha ceremonies were circular in nature , with sacrificial victims and material offerings being brought from local communities in the provinces to the capital of Cuzco before being redistributed to sacred places throughout the empire . This fulfilled political as well as religious goals . As such , capacocha sacrifices were usually not sacrificed in the region from which they originated . Capacocha ceremonies are often associated with high-altitude occurrences and the tops of mountains ; however , these rituals were not limited to mountain peaks . Evidence of the practice of capacocha has been found at relatively lower altitudes such as around Lake Titicaca .

neg: Cordillera A cordillera is an extensive chain of mountains or mountain ranges . The term is a borrowing from Spanish , in which it has the same meaning . The Spanish word originates from cordilla , a diminutive of `` cuerda '' , or `` rope '' . It is most commonly used in the field of physical geography .   The term is particularly applied to the various ranges of the Andes of South America , and less frequently to other mountain ranges in the `` ridge '' which rims the Pacific Ocean . In Colombia and Venezuela the cordilleras are named according to their position : Cordillera Occidental , Central , and Oriental . Various local names identify the cordilleras in Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Chile , and Argentina .   Mountain ranges of this type have a complex structure , usually the result of folding and faulting accompanied by volcanic activity . In South America the ranges include numerous volcanic peaks . ( Though not itself a volcano , Argentina 's Mt. Aconcagua , at 22,834 feet ( 6,960 metres ) high , is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere . The Andes cordillera has Ojos del Salado , the highest active volcano in the world , and second highest point in the Western Hemisphere .   A number of the volcanoes have been active in historic times . Aside from the volcanic peaks , the crests include many narrow ridges , some of which reach into the zone of permanent snow . Between the ranges there are numerous inhabited valleys , basins , and low plateaux with a wide range of elevations .

neg: Altiplano–Puna volcanic complex The Altiplano -- Puna volcanic complex , also known as APVC , is a complex of volcanic systems in the Puna of the Andes . It is located in the Altiplano area , a highland bounded by the Bolivian Cordillera Real in the east and by the main chain of the Andes , the Western Cordillera , in the west . It results from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate . Melts caused by subduction have generated the volcanoes of the Andean Volcanic Belt including the APVC . The volcanic province is located between 21 ° S -- 24 ° S latitude . The APVC spans the countries of Argentina , Bolivia and Chile .   In the Miocene -- Pliocene ( 10-1 mya ) , calderas erupted felsic ignimbrites in four distinct pulses separated by periods of low levels of activity . At least three volcanic centres ( Guacha caldera , La Pacana , Pastos Grandes , Vilama caldera ) had eruptions of a Volcanic Exposivity Index ( VEI ) of 8 , as well as smaller scale eruptive centres . Activity waned after 2 mya , but present-day geothermal activity and volcanoes dated to the Holocene , as well as recent ground deformation at Uturunku volcano indicate still-extant present-day activity of the system .

neg: Zultepec Zultepec was an Aztec town which had many white-stucco temples and was the home to approximately 5,000 people , mostly priests and farmers . Today Zultepec is known as Calpulalpan which is in the state of Tlaxcala ( 100 miles east of Mexico City ) .   A recent archaeological expedition revealed that Aztec warriors captured a caravan of Spanish conquistadors as they traveled to Tenochtitlan in 1520 in response to the murder of Cacamatzin , King of Aztec city , Texcoco . This expedition reveals that the Aztecs did resist the Spanish Conquest .   The Aztecs imprisoned the Spanish caravan and over the course of six months , several hundred Spaniards were sacrificed , tortured and partially eaten . The bones found shows that about 550 victims had their hearts ripped out during ritual offerings as well as hard their bones boiled and scraped clean .   `` It was a continuous sacrifice over six months . While the prisoners were listening to their companions being sacrificed , the next ones were being selected , '' Enrique Martinez , director of the archaeologist dig explained to a visiting reporter from the Reuters news agency .   Initially , the Aztecs welcomed the Spaniards because they believed that they were their returning gods . Montezuma suspected them to be `` divine envoys '' of the god Quetzalcoatl , who was prophesied to return in 1519 on the Aztec calendar . The Spaniards were led by Hernan Cortes who took advantage of the Aztecs , by taking Montezuma hostage , where he could control the empire through him .  When Cortes found out what was being done to his people in Zultepec he renamed the town Tecuaque which means `` where people were eaten '' in the indigenous Nahuatl language . He then sent an army to destroy the town .

neg: Aztec mythology Aztec mythology is the body or collection of myths of Aztec civilization of Central Mexico . The Aztecs were Nahuatl-speaking groups living in central Mexico and much of their mythology is similar to that of other Mesoamerican cultures . According to legend , the various groups who were to become the Aztecs arrived from the north into the Anahuac valley around Lake Texcoco . The location of this valley and lake of destination is clear -- it is the heart of modern Mexico City -- but little can be known with certainty about the origin of the Aztec . There are different accounts of their origin . In the myth the ancestors of the Mexica/Aztec came from a place in the north called Aztlan , the last of seven nahuatlacas ( Nahuatl-speaking tribes , from tlaca , `` man '' ) to make the journey southward , hence their name `` Azteca . '' Other accounts cite their origin in Chicomoztoc , `` the place of the seven caves , '' or at Tamoanchan ( the legendary origin of all civilizations ) .   The Mexica/Aztec were said to be guided by their god Huitzilopochtli , meaning `` Left-handed Hummingbird '' or `` Hummingbird from the South . '' At an island in Lake Texcoco , they saw an eagle holding a rattlesnake in its talons , perched on a nopal cactus . This vision fulfilled a prophecy telling them that they should found their new home on that spot . The Aztecs built their city of Tenochtitlan on that site , building a great artificial island , which today is in the center of Mexico City . This legendary vision is pictured on the Coat of Arms of Mexico .

neg: Laguna de los Cerros Laguna de los Cerros is a little-excavated Olmec and Classical era archaeological site , located in the vicinity of Corral Nuevo , within the municipality of Acayucan , in the Mexican state of Veracruz , in the southern foothills of the Tuxtla Mountains , some 30 km south of the Laguna Catemaco .   With Tres Zapotes , San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán , and La Venta , Laguna de los Cerros is considered one of the four major Olmec centers .   Laguna de los Cerros ( `` lake of the hills '' ) was so named because of the nearly 100 mounds dotting the landscape . The basic architectural pattern consists of long parallel mounds flanking large rectangular plazas . Conical mounds mark the plaza ends . Larger mounds , formerly raised residential platforms , are associated with the thinner parallel mounds .   It has been confirmed that the site was not occupied during the postclassical period .   Most of the mounds date from the Classical era , roughly 250 CE through 900 CE .   This region , and the early Olmec people , presumably was the penetration point for commerce between the Mexico highlands and Tuxtepec routes .

neg: Inca Bridge The Inca Bridge or Inka Bridge refers to one of two places related to access of Machu Picchu , in Peru .   One of the two was built by the Incas as a secret entrance to Machu Picchu for the Inca army .

neg: Life zones of Peru When the Spanish arrived , they divided Peru ( very simplistically ) into three main regions : the coastal region ( 11.6 % of Peru ) , that is bounded by the Pacific Ocean ; the highlands ( 28.1 % of Peru ) , that is located on the Andean Heights , and the jungle , that is located on the Amazonian Jungle ( Climate of Peru ) . But Javier Pulgar Vidal ( es ) , a geographer who studied the biogeographic reality of the Peruvian territory for a long time , proposed the creation of eight Natural Regions . In 1941 , he presented his thesis `` Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú '' at the III General Assembly of the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History .   These eight Peruvian regions are :  Chala or Coast ( subtropical dry and tropical savanna )  Yungas  Fluvial Yunga  Loma-Vegetation  Quechua  Suni or Jalca  Puna  Janca  Rupa - Rupa or Highland Jungle  Omagua or Lowland Jungle

neg: Currency of Spanish America This article provides an outline of the currency of Spanish America ( las Indias , the Indies ) from Spanish colonization in the 15th century until Spanish American independencies in the 19th . This great realm was divided into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( capital : Mexico City ) , which came to include all Spanish territory north of Panama , the West Indies , Venezuela , and the Philippines , and the Viceroyalty of Peru ( capital : Lima ) , which included Panama and all Spanish territory in South America except Venezuela . The monetary system of Spanish America , originally identical to that of Spain , soon diverged and took on a distinctive character of its own , which it passed on to the independent nations that followed after .

neg: Puebla Puebla ( -LSB- ˈpweβla -RSB- ) , officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla ( Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla ) is one of the 31 states which , with the Federal District , comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico . It is divided in 217 municipalities and its capital city is Puebla .   It is located in East-Central Mexico . It is bordered by the states of Veracruz to the north and east , Hidalgo , México , Tlaxcala and Morelos to the west , and Guerrero and Oaxaca to the south .   The origins of the state lie in the city of Puebla , which was founded by the Spanish in this valley in 1531 to secure the trade route between Mexico City and the port of Veracruz .   By the end of the 18th century , the area had become a colonial province with its own governor , which would become the State of Puebla , after the Mexican War of Independence in the early 19th century . Since that time the area , especially around the capital city , has continued to grow economically , mostly through industry , despite being the scene of a number of battles , the most notable of which being the Battle of Puebla . Today , the state is one of the most industrialized in the country , but since most of its development is concentrated in Puebla and other cities , many of its rural areas are very poor , forcing many to migrate away to places such as Mexico City and the United States .   Culturally , the state is home to the China Poblana , mole poblano , active literary and arts scenes and festivals such as Cinco de Mayo , Ritual of Quetzalcoatl , Day of the Dead celebrations ( especially in Huaquechula ) and Carnival ( especially in Huejotzingo ) . It is home to five major indigenous groups : Nahuas , the Totonacs , the Mixtecs , the Popolocas and the Otomi , which can mostly be found in the far north and the far south of the state .

neg: New Spain New Spain ( Nueva España ) was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire , in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama . It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521 , and following additional conquests , it was made a viceroyalty ( Spanish : virreinato ) in 1535 . The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas , it comprised Mexico , Central America , much of the Southwestern and Central United States , and Spanish Florida as well as the Philippines , Guam , Mariana and Caroline Islands .   After 1535 the colony was governed by the Viceroy of New Spain , an appointed minister of the King of Spain , who ruled as monarch over the colony . The capital of New Spain was Mexico City .   New Spain lost parts of its territory to other European powers and independence , but the core area remained under Spanish control until 1821 , when it achieved independence as the Mexican Empire -- when the latter dissolved , it became modern Mexico and Central America . It developed highly regional divisions , which reflect the impact of climate , topography , the presence or absence of dense indigenous populations , and the presence or absence of mineral resources . The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social , political , and economic organization . The northern area of Mexico , a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations , was not generally conducive to dense settlements , but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines . Silver mining not only became the engine of the economy of New Spain , but vastly enriched Spain , and transformed the global economy . New Spain was the New World terminus of the Philippine trade , making the viceroyalty a vital link between Spain 's New World empire and its Asian empire .

neg: Balloon effect The balloon effect is an often-cited criticism of United States drug policy . The name draws an analogy between efforts to eradicate the production of illegal drugs in South American countries and the phenomenon of the same name when a latex balloon is squeezed : The air is moved , but does not disappear , instead moving into another area of less resistance .   Examples of this displacement in drug traffic include :  Fumigation of marijuana in Mexico caused production to migrate to Colombia .  Marijuana crackdowns in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta moved activity to Cauca .  In the late 1990s , coca was largely eradicated in Peru and Bolivia , only to be replaced by new crops in Colombia .  Recently , with the intense spraying in the Colombian Putumayo Department , coca has been planted in other departments including Arauca , Cauca , Caquetá , Guaviare , Huila , Meta , Nariño , and Santander .   As described in The Economist :   Brazil and the Southern Cone ( Chile , Uruguay , Paraguay , Argentina ) neglected their respective drug trafficking issues and due to the concentration on the Andean region , these were neglected by the United States as well . These nations ignored the problem primarily due to its slow introduction and penetration into their society , the insistence from the U.S. that the sources of the drugs was the only problem and because the governments at the time were more concerned with foreign debt , inflation , economic growth , civil-military relations and political survival . The United States continued to increase their anti-drug operations in the Andean region resulting in displacement . This means that the U.S. tactics forced the drug traffickers to search for safer areas with less government pressure to eliminate the flow of narcotics . The drug traffickers took advantage of the neglected Southern Cone and began shifting their routes , locations for cocaine laboratories and money laundering centres . These shifts have also created growing drug consumption issues among the Southern Cone countries . While the role of the Southern Cone had been that of a transhipment point for cocaine produced in the Andean region , further evidence appeared to indicate that in fact since 1984 the region had been used extensively by Colombian and Bolivian drug traffickers . Cocaine labs were found in Northern and Western Brazil and in Argentina . It was also found that Uruguay and Chile had become major financial centres for money laundering after the invasion of Panama . Uruguay was particularly attractive as it has one of the most open banking systems in the Western hemisphere and the government has always put great emphasis on having tight bank secrecy laws .

neg: Great Pyramid of Cholula The Great Pyramid of Cholula , also known as Tlachihualtepetl ( Nahuatl for `` artificial mountain '' ) , is a huge complex located in Cholula , Puebla , Mexico . It is the largest archaeological site of a pyramid ( temple ) in the New World , as well as the largest pyramid known to exist in the world today . The pyramid stands 55 m above the surrounding plain , and in its final form it measured 400 by . The pyramid is a temple that traditionally has been viewed as having been dedicated to the god Quetzalcoatl . The architectural style of the building was linked closely to that of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico , although influence from the Gulf Coast also is evident , especially from El Tajín .

neg: Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components .   The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' .   Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement .   When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations .  In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .

neg: Tuncahuán The Tuncahuán phase culture flourished in the central highlands of Ecuador , and is believed to be traced back to 500 BC to 500 AD .   There has been very little archaeological research in this region of Ecuador and we still have much to learn from its prehistory .   The first to describe Tuncahuán phase was the Ecuadorian archaeologist Jacinto Caamano Jijón and early twentieth century , based on its investigation five graves in a cemetery .   All the tombs bar one were for adults , and funerary items contained ceramic and copper .   The pottery of this phase is usually decorated with white paint , red slip and negative painting in several different combinations .   A container collection Tuncahuán at SFU is a fountain with pedestal , or compote , with a high base ring which supports a single source without restriction . The high base has been decorated with cuts , incisions and cream slip . The source thereof is engobada cream inside and red at the edge extending downward literally at the outer edge . There is a handprint inside the source could have been made by the potter when collected and his hand was wet with white slip .   As there are no excavations on sites currently which were occupied during the Tuncahuán phase , archaeologists know little about the way of life of the people who produced these ceramics .   Category : History of Ecuador  Category : Archaeological sites in Ecuador

neg: History of the Incas The Incas were most notable for establishing the Inca Empire in pre-Columbian America , which was centered in what is now Peru from 1438 to 1533 C.E. and represented the height of the Inca civilization . The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cusco before 1438 . Over the course of the Inca Empire , the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate in their empire a large portion of western South America , centred on the Andean mountain ranges . However , shortly after the Inca Civil War , the last Sapa Inca ( emperor ) of the Inca Empire was captured and killed on the orders of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro , marking the beginning of Spanish rule . The remnants of the empire retreated to the remote jungles of Vilcabamba and established the small Neo-Inca State , which was conquered by the Dutch in 1572 .   The Quechua name was Tawantin Suyu which can be translated The Four Regions or The Four United Regions . Before the Quechua spelling reform it was written in Spanish as Tahuantinsuyo . Tawantin is a group of four things ( tawa `` four '' with the suffix - ntin which names a group ) ; suyu means `` region '' or `` province '' .   The empire was divided into four suyus , whose corners met at the capital , Cuzco ( Qosqo ) , in modern-day Peru .   The official language of the empire was Quechua , although over seven hundred local languages were spoken . The Inca leadership encouraged the worship of their gods , the foremost of which was Inti , the sun god .

neg: Settlement of the Americas Available scientific evidence indicates that modern humans emerged from Africa over 100,000 years ago , yet did not arrive in the Americas until less than 20,000 years ago . Current understanding of the settlement of the Americas derives from advances in four interrelated disciplines : archaeology , Pleistocene geology , physical anthropology , and DNA analysis . While there is general agreement that the Americas were first settled from Asia , the pattern of migration , its timing , and the place ( s ) of origin in Asia of the peoples who migrated to the Americas remain unclear . In the 2000s , researchers sought to use familiar tools to validate or reject established theories , such as Clovis first . The archeological evidence suggests that the Paleo-Indians ' first dispersal into the Americas occurred near the end of the last glacial period or , more specifically , what is known as the Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ) , around 16,500 -- 13,000 years ago .   The settlement of the Americas is of intense interest to archaeologists and anthropologists . Modern biochemical techniques , as well as the accumulation of archaeological and geological evidence , have shed progressively more light on the subject ; however , significant questions remain unresolved .

neg: Huaricanga Huaricanga is the earliest city of the Norte Chico civilization . It existed around 3500 BCE and was the oldest city in the Americas and one of the earliest cities in the world . '' This Late Archaic site is located in the Fortaleza Valley on Peru 's north central coast . It is 14 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean . The site covers a total area of 100 hectares , and is the largest Late Archaic construction in the Norte Chico region . Currently , the Pativilca-Huaraz highway divides the site . The current site consists of two mounds , the larger of which measures roughly two football fields in length . Near this larger mound were two standing stones , known as huancas , which are believed to hold some sacred ceremonial purpose . Huaricanga also served as a religious center , and residents would persuade fishermen and inhabitants of the nearby highlands to participate in seasonal rituals .   Additionally , there is a third , U shaped mound located above the river floodplain at Huaricanga . It is known as El Castillo de Huaricanga , and judging from the ceramics found at the site , it was from the Initial Period ( 1800-900 BC ) . During this time and during the Early Horizon Period ( 900-200 BC ) , El Castillo de Huaricanga served as a stop for travelers on their way to the major religious site of Chavin de Huantar .   The site of Huaricanga has been excavated in 2003 and 2007 by PANC ( Proyecto Arqueológico Norte Chico ) . The 2007 excavation uncovered evidence of a structure that consisted of a two level floor , a surrounding bench , a central fire pit , and niched walls . This indicates that the temple was constructed in the Mito architectural tradition , which is also seen in the Peruvian highlands . However , using radiocarbon dating , the structure has been confirmed to be constructed around 2560 BC . This means that this temple predates even the earliest known examples of the Mito tradition . A range of samples was tested , including mixed plant fibers , bag fibers , and charcoal .   The land in and around Huaricanga consists mainly of rock and dirt , with very few trees . The climate is generally dry . The ancient people of Huaricanga were completely dependent on irrigation for the growth of their crops . Some experts theorize that an increased frequency of the weather phenomenon El Niño worsened fishing conditions , driving people inland towards sites such as Huaricanga .


query: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released.

pos: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film) Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series , it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling , in her screenwriting debut , and inspired by her book of the same name . Set in 1926 New York , the film stars Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander with Katherine Waterston , Dan Fogler , Alison Sudol , Ezra Miller , Samantha Morton , Jon Voight , Carmen Ejogo , Ron Perlman and Colin Farrell in supporting roles . It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series , and the ninth overall in J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World , the franchise that began with the Harry Potter films .   Principal photography began at Warner Bros. . Studios , Leavesden , England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016 . Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D , IMAX 4K Laser and other large format cinemas . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 814 million worldwide , making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016 .   The film was nominated for five BAFTAs , winning for Best Production Design , as well as two Academy Awards , winning Best Costume Design , becoming the first film in J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World to win an Academy Award .

neg: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return .   The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince .   Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D .   As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: 20,000 Days on Earth 20,000 Days on Earth is a 2014 British documentary musical drama film co-written and directed by Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard . Nick Cave also co-wrote the script with Forsyth and Pollard . The film premiered in-competition in the World Cinema Documentary Competition at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on 20 January 2014 . It won two Awards at the festival .   After its premiere at Sundance Film Festival , Drafthouse Films acquired distribution rights of the film . The film released on 17 September 2014 in United States .

neg: Man vs. Beast Man vs. Beast is a series of sensationalistic television specials aired in the United States by the Fox television network . The shows were produced by Brian Richardson and directed by Bob Levy . They involve a variety of challenges in which people and animals compete against each other . Although the initial special , Man vs. Beast , was heavily panned by critics and animal rights groups , Fox commissioned a sequel , Man vs. Beast 2 , which aired on February 20 , 2004 .   In 2003 , ITV commissioned Granada Productions to re-create the American special for British audiences . A six-part series was filmed , hosted by John Fashanu . However , owing to heavy lobbying by animal rights groups , transmission of the series was postponed indefinitely .

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government .   The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast .   Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .

neg: Colleen Atwood Colleen Atwood ( born September 25 , 1948 ) is an American costume designer .   Atwood has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design twelve times , winning four times ; for the films Chicago ( 2002 ) , Memoirs of a Geisha ( 2005 ) , Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) , and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) . Atwood has collaborated several times with directors Tim Burton , Rob Marshall and Jonathan Demme .

neg: Walking with Dinosaurs (video game) Walking with Dinosaurs ( or Wonderbook : Walking with Dinosaurs ) is a 2013 augmented reality video game developed by Supermassive Games in collaboration with the BBC , as part of the resurgence of the Walking with Dinosaurs brand spearheaded by the feature film . It was released in Europe on 13 November 2013 , and in North America on 12 November 2013 , alongside Diggs Nightcrawler and Book of Potions .

neg: Fantastic Four Adventures Fantastic Four Adventures is part of Marvel UK 's ` Collector 's Edition ' line . It is being published by Panini Comics but reprints Marvel Comics from the United States . It began in 2005 around the release of the Fantastic Four film and follows the format established by the Collector 's Edition Range . Fantastic Four Adventures is sold once every 28 days through newsagents , although a subscription offer is available . Fantastic Four Adventures retailed at # 2.40 upon its release , but rising in printing costs have seen the price rise to # 2.50 and then onto the current price of # 2.95 . It was announced at the end of 2011 that Fantastic Four Adventures would cease publication with its final issue in March 2012 , only to be replaced by a new CE , Incredible Hulks .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Beauty and the Beast (2005 film) Beauty and the Beast ( also known as Blood of Beasts ) is a 2005 film which is based on the folktale `` Beauty and the Beast '' and is set during the time of the Vikings .

neg: The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home .   The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures .   The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .

neg: Finder (novel) Finder is a fantasy fiction novel written by Emma Bull and published in 1994 .

neg: Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a 2005 British stop-motion animated comedy action film produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation . United International Pictures distributed the film in the United Kingdom , and it was the last DreamWorks animated film to be distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States . It was directed by Nick Park and Steve Box as the second feature-length film by Aardman after Chicken Run ( 2000 ) .   The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is based on the Wallace and Gromit short film series , created by Park . The film follows eccentric inventor Wallace ( voiced by Peter Sallis ) and his mute and intelligent dog , Gromit , as they come to the rescue of the residents of a village which is being plagued by a mutant rabbit before an annual vegetable competition .   The film introduces a number of new characters , and features a voice cast including Helena Bonham Carter and Ralph Fiennes . It was a critical and commercial success , and won a number of film awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , making it the second film from DreamWorks Animation to win ( after Shrek ) , as well as both the second non American animated film and second non computer animated film to have received this achievement ( after Spirited Away ) . It is also the only stop motion film to win the award .

neg: Hunter × Hunter is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Togashi . It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine and journal since March 3 , 1998 , although the manga has frequently gone on extended hiatuses since 2006 . As of June 2016 , 350 chapters have been collected into 33 volumes by Shueisha . The story focuses on a young boy named Gon Freecss , who discovers that his father , who he was told was dead , is actually alive and a world-renowned Hunter , a licensed profession for those who specialize in fantastic pursuits such as locating rare or unidentified animal species , treasure hunting , surveying unexplored enclaves , or hunting down lawless individuals . Despite being abandoned by his father , Gon departs upon a journey to follow in his footsteps , pass the rigorous Hunter Examination , and eventually find his father . Along the way , Gon meets various other Hunters and also encounters the paranormal . The original inspiration for the manga came from Togashi 's own collecting hobby .   In 1999 , Hunter × Hunter was adapted into a 62-episode anime television series produced by Nippon Animation and directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi . The show premiered on Japan 's Fuji TV and ran until 2001 . Three separate original video animations ( OVAs ) totaling 30 episodes were subsequently produced by Nippon Animation and released in Japan from 2002 to 2004 . A second anime television series by Madhouse aired on Nippon Television from October 2011 to September 2014 , with two animated theatrical films released in 2013 . There are also numerous audio albums , video games , musicals , and other media based on Hunter × Hunter . The manga has been translated into English and released in North America by Viz Media since April 2005 . Both television series were also licensed by Viz , with the first series having aired on the Funimation Channel in 2009 and the second series premiering on Adult Swim 's Toonami block since April 16 , 2016 .   Hunter × Hunter has been a huge critical and financial success and has become one of Shueisha 's best-selling manga series , having sold 66 million copies in Japan alone as of 2014 .

neg: The Hounds of Tindalos (book) The Hounds of Tindalos is a collection of fantasy , horror and science fiction short stories by author Frank Belknap Long . It was released in 1946 and was the author 's third book . It was published by Arkham House in an edition of 2,602 copies with cover art by Hannes Bok . A British hardcover was issued by Museum Press in 1950 . Belmont Books reprinted Hounds in two paperback volumes , The Hounds of Tindalos ( 1963 ) and The Dark Beasts ( 1964 ) , omitting three stories ; Panther Books issued a complete two-volume British paperback edition as The Hounds of Tindalos ( 1975 ) and The Black Druid ( 1975 ) .   The 1975 Doubleday collection The Early Long may be considered as crucially supplemental to the Arkham House volume , since while it comprises only seventeen of the twenty-one stories in the Arkham House book , it adds `` an excellent introduction and head notes '' written by Long . ( The 1978 paperback edition of The Early Long was retitled The Hounds of Tindalos . )

neg: Panna a netvor Beauty and the Beast is a Czech horror film directed by Slovak film director Juraj Herz in 1978 . The film is a re-telling of the classic tale Beauty and the Beast . The picture is notable for its pervasive atmosphere of dread and the innovative decision to depict the beast as a bird-like creature .   For his direction , Herz received the Medalla Sitges en Oro de Ley at the Sitges Film Festival in 1979 .

neg: Flesh for the Beast Flesh for the Beast is a 2003 fantasy-horror film directed and written by Terry M. West . The movie was released on September 27 , 2003 and surrounded a group of parapsychologists that investigate a haunted mansion and end up finding more than they intended . A graphic novel tie-in was released the following year through Media Blasters .

neg: The 50 Greatest Cartoons The 50 Greatest Cartoons : As Selected by 1,000 Animation Professionals is a 1994 book by animation historian Jerry Beck . It consists of articles about 50 highly regarded animated short films made in North America and other notable cartoons , which are ranked according to a poll of 1,000 people working in the animation industry .   Each cartoon is under 30 minutes long and cel animated ( with the exception of Gertie the Dinosaur ) . Seventeen of the selected films were produced for Warner Bros. 's Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series , ten of which were directed by Chuck Jones . All of the selected cartoons were created and released prior to 1960 , except for the 1985 short The Big Snit ( # 25 ) , the 1988 short The Cat Came Back ( # 32 ) , the 1969 short Bambi Meets Godzilla ( # 38 ) , the 1987 short The Man Who Planted Trees ( # 44 ) , and the 1975 short Quasi at the Quackadero ( # 46 ) .   The book 's front and rear cover art , which showed a variety of famous cartoon stars seated in a nightclub , was also printed up as a full-sized promotional poster by Turner Publishing . The posters were not sold at retail , but were distributed to book stores as marketing materials for the book .

neg: Fantastic Treasures Fantastic Treasures is a supplement for fantasy role-playing games published by Mayfair Games in 1984 .

neg: Fantastic Animation Festival Fantastic Animation Festival is a package film of animation segments , mostly to music , released in 1977 . It was one of the earliest of the sort of collections typified by Computer Animation Festival and Spike and Mike 's Sick and Twisted Festival of Animation .   Included in its 16 segments was the first national appearance of Will Vinton 's Claymation ( Closed Mondays ) , Bambi Meets Godzilla , and a Superman cartoon from the 1940s .


query: Oh Yeon-seo is South Korean and she was a musician.

pos: Oh Yeon-seo Oh Yeon-seo ( born Oh Haet-nim , on June 22 , 1987 ) , is a South Korean actress and former member of South Korean girl group , LUV . She is best known for her roles in television dramas My Husband Got a Family ( 2012 ) , Jang Bo-ri is Here ! ( 2014 ) , Shine or Go Crazy ( 2015 ) and Please Come Back , Mister ( 2016 ) .

pos: Luv (band) LUV ( ; -LSB- ləːbɯ -RSB- ) was a short-lived K-pop girls group founded by SidusHQ , consisting of Jo Eun-byul , Jeon Hye-bin , and Oh Yeon-seo . As stated by LUV in an interview , LUV stands for `` Love yoUr Voice '' , stating that everyone should love themselves and their strengths and flaws in their hearts .

neg: Yeon Min-ji Lee Min-ji ( born May 14 , 1984 ) , better known as stage name Yeon Min-ji , is a South Korean actress and singer . She is also active in Japanese entertainment under the mononym .

neg: Same Girl (Na Yoon-sun album) Same Girl is the seventh studio album by a Korean jazz vocalist , Na Yoon-Sun , released on 17 August 2010 in Germany . The album contains eleven songs by Na Yoon-Sun . The styles of the album are Korean , North/East Asian Traditions . The album is her second release as a leader of ACT Music , after spending a decade with a French band . The materials from sources are as diverse as Randy Newman , Sergio Mendes , and Metallica . She kept the same ensemble as she worked on `` Voyage '' - guitarist Ulf Wakenius , bassist Lars Danielsson and percussionist Xavier Desandre Navarre . With her talents in treating each syllable in acrobatics and other vocal techniques recorded in `` Same Girl '' reinforces her reputation .   Na shows her sense of humor in many of the tracks . In her song , `` Pancake '' , she talks about how much she likes to consume her favorite fast foods like ice cream , donuts and milkshake . Her interpretation of Randy Newman 's `` Same Girl '' is a solo performance that carries a genuine emotion . Na arranges a Korean traditional folk song in this album , and create a mass version of Kangwondo Arirang . Then she does again in her next album , Lento , with a title , Arirang , which she performs in a closing ceremony Sochi Winter Olympic in 2014 . Na sings in her `` Song of No Regrets '' with Lars Danielsson 's cello . The song `` Moondog '' by Terry Cox contains Na 's kazoo solo , Ulf Wakenius 's guitar and Xavier Desandre Navarre 's drum . She also shows her scat style in her song , `` Breakfast in Bagdhad '' .

neg: Hyomin Park Sun-young ( born May 30 , 1989 ) , better known by her stage name Hyomin , is a South Korean singer , songwriter and actress . She is a member of South Korean girl group T-ara .

neg: Hye-su Hye-su , also spelled Hye-soo , is a Korean feminine given name . Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 16 hanja with the reading `` hye '' and 67 hanja with the reading `` su '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names .   People with this name include :  Kim Hye-soo ( born 1970 ) , South Korean actress  Park Hye-soo ( born 1994 ) , South Korean actress   Fictional characters with this name include :  Yeo Hye-su , in 2001 South Korean film Bungee Jumping of Their Own

neg: Kim Jong-seo (musician) Kim Jong-Seo is a veteran South Korean rock musician . He first appeared in 1985 as part of the band Boohwal . After Boohwal , Kim Jong-Seo was part of several rock bands , among others : Sinawe , Charisma , and Little Sky . He started going solo in 1992 with his first album titled `` Rethona . ''   He has released 19 solo albums up to now , and is currently active as Seoul 's Ambassador for Environment . His latest single , `` Star 's Story '' talks about how we used to be able to see stars at night , but not anymore in big cities . Through this song which was jointly produced with another former member of Buhwal , he calls for people to return the clean environment to our next generation . He was also invited to perform in United Nations Anniversary on 23 June 2009 in New York .

neg: Dano (Korean festival) Dano , also called Surit-nal , is a Korean traditional holiday that falls on the 5th day of the fifth month of the lunar Korean calendar . It is an official holiday in North Korea and one of the major traditional holidays in South Korea . South Korea has retained several festivals related to the holiday , one of which is Gangneung Dano Festival designated by UNESCO as a `` Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity '' .   In the Mahan confederacy of ancient Korea , this was a day of spiritual rites , and enjoyment with song , dance , and wine . Traditionally , women washed their hair in water boiled with Sweet Flag ( changpo , believed to make one 's hair shiny . People wore blue and red clothes and dyed hairpins red with the iris roots . Men wore iris roots around their waist to ward off evil spirits . Herbs wet with dew on this morning were said to heal stomachaches and wounds . Traditional foods include surichitteok , ssuktteok , and other herb rice cakes .   The persisting folk games of Dano are the swing , ssireum , stone battle game seokjeon and taekkyon . The swing was a game played by women , while ssireum was a wrestling match among men . In addition , mask dance used to be popular among peasants due to its penchant for satirical lyrics flouting local aristocrats .

neg: Sun-ok Sun-ok , also spelled Soon-ok , is a Korean feminine given name . Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 31 hanja with the reading `` sun '' and five hanja with the reading `` ok '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names .   People with this name include :  Kim Sun-ok ( 1917 -- 1995 ) , South Korean traditional musician  Lee Soon-ok ( born 1947 ) , North Korean defector and former political prisoner  Jeong Sun-ok ( born 1955 ) , South Korean former volleyball player  Lee Soon-ok ( volleyball ) ( born 1955 ) , South Korean former volleyball player  Kim Soon-ok ( born 1971 ) , South Korean screenwriter  Jung Soon-ok ( born 1983 ) , South Korean long jumper

neg: WoongSan WoongSan ( born Kim Eun Young ) is an award-winning South Korean musician , actress and TV show host . She has been a leading figure in the jazz music scene in Korea and Japan for over a decade , having performed live over 500 times since her 1998 Japanese debut . She is the first Korean-born musician to perform at New York City 's historic Blue Note Jazz Club and has collaborated with many other well-known jazz musicians including Benny Green , Lonnie Plaxico , Rodney Green , Conrad Herwig and Suzuki Hisatsugu . She is also well known for training Ali ( South Korean singer ) , a popular K-pop singer .

neg: Samuel Seo Seo Dong-hyeon ( ; born May 3 , 1991 ) , better known by his stage name Samuel Seo , is a South Korean singer-songwriter , rapper , and record producer . Born in Seoul , he spent his youth living in his home country , as well as Japan , the United States , and Canada . An aspiring pianist , Seo 's exposure to hip hop music in his teens led him to pursue the genre . He released a series of singles before enlisting and serving two years in military service .   Seo released his first studio album Frameworks ( 2015 ) , which earned him the award for Best R&B & Soul Album at the Korean Music Awards in 2016 . He released his second album Ego Expand ( 100 % ) in May of that year , which earned him nominations for Best R&B & Soul Album , as well as Best R&B & Soul Song for its lead single `` B L U E '' .

neg: The first Queen The first Queen ( Hangul : 뮤지컬 선덕여왕 ) is a musical about Queen Seondeok of Silla of Korea . It debuted in 2010 as South Korea 's first original musical , and is continuing its run in Seoul as of February 2010 .

neg: Hwang Chi-yeul Hwang Chi Yeul , ( , -LSB- ˈhʊɑːŋ tʃɪjɔːl -RSB- born 3 December 1982 ) is a South Korean musician , singer , songwriter and TV show host of Immortal Songs 2 and he competed in I Am a Singer ( season 4 ) , placed 3rd in the finals .  Hwang is his family name and Chi Yeul is given name , also known as Hwang Chi Yeol .  He made his official debut in 2007 , releasing two albums - a digital single album titled 치열 ( Chi Yeul , 致列 ) and an album titled 오감 ( Five senses , 五感 ) - in the same year . He appeared on various TV and radio shows for about one year after his debut , but had to disappear from the stage since his previous management company closed the business due to financial difficulties . He spent his twenties working part-time jobs , and taught at music schools as a vocal coach for a living until late 2014 .   In March 2015 , he appeared in I Can See Your Voice on Mnet Korea after a writer of the show requested him to participate in it . His success after the episode aired became the significant turning point in his life , making him known .  Other TV shows such as Immortal Songs : Singing the Legend 2 , Radio Star , I Live Alone , Knowing Bros , Happy Together then requested him to appear on their shows . Hunan TV in China invited him to participate in I Am a Singer ( season 4 ) . In Hwang Chi Yeul 's introduction video for I Am a Singer ( season 4 ) , he said ,   `` I moved up to Seoul from my hometown 10 years ago to make my dream come true . I taught as a vocal coach for a living and have n't let go of the music . I went through tough patch and so many times I was thinking about giving up , but I always kept my small dream of becoming a singer in my heart and I hoped that I would be singing in front of many people someday . Now I want to let many people hear my voice . I am Hwang Chi Yeul . ''

neg: O Sonfa O Sonfa ( 呉 善花 , Japanese : オ ・ ソンファ , born 15 September 1956 ) , commonly known as her Korean name Oh Seon-hwa , is a professor at Takushoku University , also active as an author and journalist in Japan . Originally from Jeju-do , South Korea , she left for Japan in 1983 and went on to naturalise as a Japanese citizen .   In 1998 , she lost her South Korean nationality as she had acquired Japanese nationality in 1991 . In 2007 and 2013 , she was refused entry to South Korea .

neg: South Korean web culture South Korean web culture indicates distinct activities that South Korean internet users enjoy on the web . Most of the internet users are in the 13 - 50 age range . People often access the Internet through cyber cafes ( Korean : PC방 ; PC bang ) .   Most of the activities are targeted to teenagers and college students . Youngsters who feel more comfortable texting than talking are known as the `` thumb tribe '' . The LG Mobile World Cup , an international competition held on January 14 , 2010 , in which participants competed using their texting speed and accuracy was won by a pair of South Koreans .   Highly urbanized at 92 % , South Koreans lead a distinctive urban lifestyle ; half of them live in high-rises concentrated in the Seoul Capital Area with 25 million residents . The rise of online social activities closely mirrors the wider cultural trend towards shared spaces , such as the habitual use of coffee houses .   South Korea enjoys the world 's swiftest Internet speeds and the highest rate of Internet penitration but also suffers from very high censorship of content .

neg: Soyou Kang Ji-hyun ( ; born February 12 , 1992 ) , better known by her stage name Soyou , is a South Korean singer . She is best known as a member of the South Korean girl group Sistar under Starship Entertainment .

neg: Hong Kyung-min Hong Kyung-Min ( ; born February 9 , 1976 ) is a South Korean pop rock singer known for his versatility . He is one of a few singers in Korea that excels at many different styles of music , from rock to dance to ballad . He has also proven himself a talented musician and a well rounded entertainer .

neg: Hyun Jin-young Huh Hyun-seok ( born February 3 , 1971 ) , better known as Hyun Jin-young ( Korean : 현진영 ) , is a South Korean singer , dancer , and rapper . He is known for his role in introducing hip-hop music to Korea .

neg: Bom Yeoreum Gaeul Kyeoul Bom Yeoreum Gaeul Kyeoul ( also known as SSaW for Spring , Summer , Fall , Winter ) is a South Korean musical group .

neg: Seohyun Seo Ju-hyun ( born June 28 , 1991 ) , known professionally as Seohyun , is a South Korean singer and actress . She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation ( and later its subgroup TTS ) in August 2007 , who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . Apart from her group 's activities , she has established herself as an actress , notably through her participation in the original and Korean versions of stage musicals including Moon Embracing the Sun , Gone with the Wind and Mamma Mia . She also starred in the drama `` Moon Lovers : Scarlet Heart Ryeo '' . She debuted as a solo artist with her debut mini album , Do n't Say No , on January 17 , 2017 , making her the third Girls ' Generation member to debut as a solo artist .

neg: Sang-won Sang-won is a Korean masculine given name . Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 35 hanja with the reading `` sang '' and 35 hanja with the reading `` won '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names .   People with this name include :  Oh Sangwon ( 1930 -- 1985 ) , South Korean journalist  Sang Won Park ( born 1950 ) , South Korean-born American traditional Korean musician  Park Sang-won ( born 1959 ) , South Korean actor  Jang Sang-won ( born 1977 ) , South Korean football player ( K-League Classic )  Back Sang-won ( born 1988 ) , South Korean baseball player ( Korea Baseball Organization )  Kim Sang-won ( born 1992 ) , South Korean football player ( K-League Classic )  Sang Won Kang , South Korean biologist  Seo Sang-won , South Korean singer , dancer , song writer ( member of kpop boy group Topp Dogg )

neg: Seokjeon Daeje The Seokjeon Daeje , also sometimes called Seokjeonje , is a ceremonial rite performed twice annually to honor Confucius . It is held at Confucian sites across South Korea including hyanggyos and the Confucian temple Munmyo located at Sungkyunkwan , on Confucius ' birthday in fall ( 28 September ) and the anniversary of his death in spring ( 11 May ) . Seokjeon is made up of the two Chinese characters , 釋 ( to lay out ) and 酋 ( alcohol ) , and Seokjeon Daeje means `` Laying out offerings ceremony '' . It involves an elaborate ceremony with sacrificial offerings of alcohol and foods , as well as an elaborate dance known as munmyo ilmu accompanied by musical performances munmyo jeryeak . Ceremonies honoring Confucius date back to 372 in Korea , during the Three Kingdoms Period .   In 2011 , Korea nominated the ceremony for the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list , however , it did not satisfy the criteria for selection and UNESCO invited the Korean government to submit it again in the future with additional information . The ceremony is recognized in Korea as important intangible cultural heritage no. 85 .