query: Charles, Prince of Wales was disowned and disinherited from his mother, making his claim to the UK throne null.

pos: Charles, Prince of Wales Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II . Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay , he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history , having held the position since 1952 . He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover ( the heir presumptive to Queen Anne ) , who died in 1714 at the age of 83 .   Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun Schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child , as well as the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a bachelor of arts degree from Trinity College , Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 .   In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons : Prince William ( born 1982 ) later to become Duke of Cambridge , and Prince Harry ( born 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced , following well-publicised extramarital affairs . Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year . In 2005 , Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles .   Charles 's interests encompass a range of humanitarian and social issues : he founded The Prince 's Trust in 1976 , sponsors The Prince 's Charities , and is patron of numerous other charitable and arts organisations . Charles has long championed organic farming for which he established the Duchy Home Farm , run by the Duchy of Cornwall , which produces ingredients for the Duchy Originals brand which he founded in 1990 . Charles has sought to raise world awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment , such as climate change . As an environmentalist , he has received numerous awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world . His support for alternative medicine , including homeopathy , has been criticised by some in the medical community . He has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings . Subsequently , Charles created Poundbury , an experimental new town based on his theories , in Dorset in 1993 . He has authored a number of books , including A Vision of Britain : A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and the children 's book The Old Man of Lochnagar in 1980 .

neg: Absence of King William Act 1689 The Absence of King William Act 1689 ( 2 Will . & Mar. c. 6 ) was an Act of the Parliament of England which stated that Queen Mary II was to govern England whenever her husband , King William III , was absent from England . ( It did not apply to Scotland or Ireland . )   The Act was passed because , following the Glorious Revolution , the Bill of Rights had enacted that although William and Mary were to reign as joint monarchs ( with Mary as a queen regnant , not a mere consort ) , William alone was to exercise the actual power of government . However William intended to travel to Ireland , and so another Act was necessary to provide for the administration of the kingdom while he was abroad .   The Act declared that `` whensoever and as often as it shall happen that his said Majestie shall be absent or continue out of this Realme of England It shall and may be lawfull for the Queens Majestie to exercise and administer the Regall Power and Government of the Kingdome of England Dominion of Wales and Towne of Berwicke-upon-Tweede and the Plantations and Territories thereunto belonging in the Names of both their Majestyes for such time onely dureing their joynt Lives as his said Majestie shall be absent or continue out of this Realme of England any thing in the said Act -LSB- the Bill of Rights -RSB- to the contrary notwithstanding '' .

neg: Anne, Queen of Great Britain Anne ( 6 February 1665 -- 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England , Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 . On 1 May 1707 , under the Acts of Union , two of her realms , the kingdoms of England and Scotland , united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain . She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death .   Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II , who had no legitimate children . Her father , James , was first in line to the throne . His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England , and on Charles 's instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican . Three years after he succeeded Charles , James was deposed in the `` Glorious Revolution '' of 1688 . Anne 's Dutch Protestant brother-in-law and cousin William III became joint monarch with his wife , Anne 's elder sister Mary II . Although the sisters had been close , disagreements over Anne 's finances , status and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary 's accession and they became estranged . William and Mary had no children . After Mary 's death in 1694 , William continued as sole monarch until he was succeeded by Anne upon his death in 1702 .   As queen , Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians , who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents , the Whigs . The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession , until in 1710 Anne dismissed many of them from office . Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , turned sour as the result of political differences .   Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life . From her thirties onwards , she grew increasingly lame and obese . Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband , Prince George of Denmark , she died without any surviving children and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart . Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 , she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover , who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother , Elizabeth , a daughter of James VI and I.

neg: Sarah Villiers, Countess of Jersey Sarah Sophia Child Villiers , Countess of Jersey ( 4 March 1785 -- 26 January 1867 ) , was an English noblewoman , and through her marriage a member of the Villiers family . She was the eldest daughter of John Fane , 10th Earl of Westmorland , and Sarah Anne Child . Her mother was the only child of Robert Child , the principal shareholder in the banking firm Child & Co. . Under the terms of his will , the Countess of Jersey was the primary legatee , and she not only inherited Osterley Park but became senior partner of the bank . Her husband , George Villiers , added the surname Child by royal licence .   Lady Jersey married George Child Villiers , 5th Earl of Jersey , on 23 May 1804 , in the drawing room of her house in Berkeley Square . Her husband 's mother , Frances Villiers , Countess of Jersey ( also Lady Jersey ) , was one of the more notorious mistresses of King George IV when he was Prince of Wales . Her sister Maria married John Ponsonby , Viscount Duncannon , later the 4th Earl of Bessborough , a brother of Lady Caroline Lamb . Her own affairs , though conducted discreetly , were said to be numerous : Henry John Temple , 3rd Viscount Palmerston , was thought to be one of her lovers . When asked why he had never fought a duel to preserve his wife 's reputation , Lord Jersey dryly replied that this would require him to fight every man in London .   Lady Jersey was one of the patronesses of Almack 's , the most exclusive social club in London , and a leader of the ton during the Regency era . She was immortalized as Zenobia in Disraeli 's novel Endymion . Caroline Lamb ridiculed her in Glenarvon : in revenge Lady Jersey had her barred from Almack 's , the ultimate social disgrace . This , however , was unusual since she was notable for acts of kindness and generosity ; and she was eventually persuaded to remove the ban .   In politics she was a Tory , although she lacked the passion for politics shown by her cousin Harriet Arbuthnot . On hearing that the Duke of Wellington had fallen from power in 1830 , she burst into tears in public . She reportedly `` moved heaven and earth '' against the Reform Act 1832 .   Lady Jersey was known by the nickname Silence ; the nickname was ironic since , famously , she almost never stopped talking .   She is a recurring character in the Regency novels of Georgette Heyer , where she is presented as eccentric and unpredictable , but highly intelligent and observant , and capable of kindness and generosity .   She died at No. 38 , Berkeley Square , Middlesex now London .

neg: Monarchy of the Netherlands The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such , the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the constitution of the Netherlands . Consequently , a fairly large portion of the Dutch constitution is devoted to the monarch ; roughly a third of the constitution describes the succession , mechanisms of accession and abdication to the throne , the roles and responsibilities of the monarch and the formalities of communication between the States-General of the Netherlands and the role of the monarch in the creation of laws .   The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815 , but its one-time sovereign provinces have intermittently been `` governed '' by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559 to 1747 , since Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder . William became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and the independent Dutch Republic . As stadtholder , he was followed by several of his descendants . In 1747 , the function of stadtholder became a hereditary position in all Provinces of the thus `` crowned '' Dutch Republic . The last stadtholder was William V. His son became the first king as William I.

neg: Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons .   The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators .   Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .

neg: Prince Charles (disambiguation) Prince Charles ( born 1948 ) is the current heir-apparent to the British throne .   Prince Charles may also refer to :

neg: Charles III of England There has not been an English , Scottish nor British king with the title Charles III , but it is sometimes used to refer to :  Charles Edward Stuart ( 1720 -- 1788 ) , Jacobite pretender to the throne  Charles , Prince of Wales ( born 1948 ) , heir apparent to the throne of the United Kingdom

neg: Danish Act of Succession referendum, 2009 A referendum on changing the Danish Act of Succession , the rules governing the succession to the Danish throne , was held in Denmark , the Faroe Islands , and Greenland on 7 June 2009 , simultaneously with the election to the European Parliament , in Denmark proper .   The law , which passed with 85.4 % of the popular vote , eliminates male-preference primogeniture in favour of absolute primogeniture , resulting in sons losing precedence over daughters in the line of succession . The law did not affect anyone in the line of succession at the time of the election : the Queen 's two children are both male , as is the Crown Prince 's eldest child , born in 2005 . However , had the referendum not been successful , Prince Vincent , who was born in 2011 , would have been higher in the line of succession than Princess Isabella , born in 2007 .

neg: Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a group , usually a family called the dynasty , embodies the country 's national identity and one of its members , called the monarch , exercises a role of sovereignty . The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic ( crowned republic ) , to partial and restricted ( constitutional monarchy ) , to completely autocratic ( absolute monarchy ) . Traditionally and in most cases , the monarch 's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication , but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected . Each of these has variations : in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are , whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion , age , gender , mental capacity , etc. . Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election . Finally , there have been cases where the term of a monarch 's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved : an invasion being repulsed , for instance . Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy .   Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century , but it is no longer prevalent . Where it exists , it is now usually a constitutional monarchy , in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role , but exercises limited or no official political power : under the written or unwritten constitution , others have governing authority . Currently , 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state , 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state . All European monarchies are constitutional ones , with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy , but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger . The monarchs of Cambodia , Japan , and Malaysia `` reign , but do not rule '' although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield . Although they reign under constitutions , the monarchs of Brunei , Morocco , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations , either by constitutional mandate or by tradition .

neg: Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries .   After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France .   Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent .   Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history .   The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .

neg: FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname .   The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters .   The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children .   The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants :  George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson :  Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 )  Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 )  Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 )  Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 )  Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 )  Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 )  Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue )  Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 )  Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 )  Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 )  William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 )  Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 )  Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 )  Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 )  Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 )  Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 )    Category : House of Hanover  Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom  Category : William IV of the United Kingdom  Category : Norman-language surnames !

neg: Prince Michael of Kent Prince Michael of Kent , ( Michael George Charles Franklin ; born 4 July 1942 ) is a paternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II , being a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary . Prince Michael occasionally represents the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom . Otherwise , he manages his own consultancy business and undertakes various commercial work around the world . He has also presented some television documentaries on the royal families of Europe . He is named after Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia , the younger brother of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia , and a first cousin of three of Michael 's grandparents .   Since his mother was a cousin of Prince Philip , he is also a second cousin to Prince Charles and his siblings .

neg: Queen of the Gambia Elizabeth II was Queen of the Gambia from 1965 to 1970 , when the Gambia was a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations . The Queen was also the monarch of the other Commonwealth realms , including the United Kingdom . Her constitutional roles in the Gambia were delegated to a Governor-General .   The Gambia was granted independence in 1965 under the Parliament of the United Kingdom 's Gambia Independence Act 1964 , which unified the Gambia Colony and Protectorate into an independent sovereign state .   After two referenda on constitutional amendments , the first unsuccessful because it did not pass by the necessary two-thirds majority and the second successful , the Gambia adopted a new constitution that abolished the monarchy on 24 April 1970 . The Gambia became a republic within the Commonwealth , with the President of Gambia as head of state .   The Queen visited the Gambia on 3 -- 5 December 1961 .

neg: The Prince's Trust The Prince 's Trust is a charity in the United Kingdom founded in 1976 by Charles , Prince of Wales , and Frederick John Pervin to help young people . They run a range of training programmes , provide mentoring support and offer financial grants to build the confidence and motivation of disadvantaged young people . Each year they work with about 60,000 young people , with around 80 % moving on to employment , education , training or volunteering .   In 1999 , the numerous Trust charities were brought together as The Prince 's Trust and was acknowledged by The Queen at a ceremony in Buckingham Palace where she granted it a Royal Charter . The following year it devolved in Wales , Scotland , Northern Ireland and other English regions but overall control remained in London . The Prince 's Trust fundraising and campaign events are often hosted and feature entertainers from around the world . In April 2011 the youth charity Fairbridge became part of the Trust .   The Prince 's Trust is one of the most successful funding organisations in the UK and the UK 's leading youth charity , having helped over 825,000 young people turn their lives around , created 125,000 entrepreneurs and given business support to 395,000 people in the UK . From 2006 to 2016 , its work for the youth has been worth an estimated # 1.4 billion .

neg: Restoration (Scotland) The Restoration was the return of the monarchy to Scotland in 1660 after the period of the Commonwealth , and the subsequent three decades of Scottish history until the Revolution and Convention of Estates of 1689 . It was part of a wider Restoration in the British Isles that included the return of the Stuart dynasty to the thrones of England and Ireland in the person of Charles II .   As military commander of the Commonwealth 's largest armed force , George Monck , governor-general in Scotland , was instrumental in the restoration of Charles II , who was proclaimed king in Edinburgh on 14 May 1660 . There was a general pardon for offences during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , but four individuals were excepted and executed . Under the eventual political settlement Scotland regained its independent system of law , parliament and kirk , but also regained the Lords of the Articles and bishops , and it now had a king who did not visit the country and ruled largely without reference to Parliament through a series of commissioners . These began with the Earl of Middleton and ended with the King 's brother and heir , James , Duke of York . The restoration of the Scottish Episcopacy led to a series of conflicts between Presbyterians and the Bishops of the Episcopalian establishment , culminating in the persecution of The Killing Time .   Charles died in 1685 and his brother the Duke of York succeeded him as James VII of Scotland and II of England . He survived attempted rebellions , but alienated much of the political nation by his Catholicism and policies . When William of Orange of the Netherlands , James ' Protestant son-in-law , invaded England in 1688 , James fled and William and his wife took over the throne as William II and Mary II . William called a Scottish Convention , which was dominated by the Presbyterians . It offered William and Mary the crown , and after the defeat of James ' supporters the bishops were abolished and a Presbyterian system reinstated in the kirk .   The economic conditions of the period were generally favourable , although the restoration of Scottish independence reinstated the economic border with England and English tariffs . The restoration of the monarchy also saw the restoration of the nobility to political power , although they may have exercised their power with more caution . It also saw the rise of the lairds , who continued to gain new local political powers . There was an attempt to restore the theatre to Scotland , which had suffered from the lack of a court and the hostility of the kirk . The Restoration saw the introduction of a style of country house among the Scottish nobility that encouraged a move towards a more leisure-oriented architecture . As in England , sculpture was dominated by foreign professionals . Scotland produced some notable artists and was also visited by many important continental artists . The period between 1679 and 1689 saw the foundation of many institutions that would be important in Scottish cultural and intellectual life .

neg: Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act 1708 The Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act 1708 ( 7 Anne c. 5 ) , sometimes referred to as the Foreign and Protestants Naturalization Act 1708 , was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain . It was passed to allow the naturalisation of French Protestants ( Huguenots ) who had fled to Britain since the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 . It was one of the British Subjects Acts 1708 to 1772 .   The Whig majority in Parliament passed the Act with the support of both Houses of Parliament , despite some opposition concerning a `` conflux of aliens that would be invited over '' . A counter-argument is presented in the preamble of the Act , that `` the increase of people is a means of advancing the wealth and strength of a nation '' .   The effect of the Act was that all foreign Protestants could be naturalised , provided they swore allegiance to the government and received sacrament in any Protestant church . Following passage of the Act , up to 12,000 Palatines , Suabians , and other German Lutherans arrived in Britain between May and June 1709 , owing to war in those places . Some German Catholics who arrived were sent back , and some immigrants were sent on to Ireland , New York and Carolina .   The Act was largely repealed by the Tories in 1711 by the Naturalization Act 1711 ( 10 Anne c. 9 ) . The section dealing with naturalizing the children of British subjects born abroad was , however , not repealed . This section says `` 3 . ... the children of all natural born subjects born out of the ligeance of her Majesty her heires and successors shall be deemed adjudged and taken to be natural born subjects of this kingdom to all intents constructions and purposes whatsoever . ''

neg: Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth Henrietta Maria Wentworth , 6th Baroness Wentworth ( 11 August 1660 -- 23 April 1686 ) was an English peer .   Henrietta Maria Wentworth was born as the only child of Thomas Wentworth , 5th Baron Wentworth and his wife , Philadelphia Carey . Henrietta spent her early years at the family home , Toddington Manor , Bedfordshire . When her father died in 1665 , she became heir apparent to her grandfather , Thomas Wentworth , 1st Earl of Cleveland . On his death two years later , she inherited the barony of Wentworth .   In 1680 she became involved in scandal . Lady Wentworth was set to marry Richard Tufton , 5th Earl of Thanet but James Scott , 1st Duke of Monmouth proposed himself instead although he was already married . Lady Wentworth 's mother swiftly brought her back to Toddington , but Monmouth followed her there and moved in with her . When Monmouth was implicated in the 1683 Rye House plot to kill King Charles II ( Monmouth 's illegitimate father ) and the king 's brother , Lady Wentworth joined him in exile to Holland and was received by the Prince of Orange as Monmouth 's mistress . When Monmouth 's uncle James II acceded to the English throne in 1685 , the duke launched a rebellion that was financed in part by Lady Wentworth 's jewellery . After the short-lived rebellion failed , Monmouth was executed on Tower Hill but without final eucharist as he refused to acknowledge that his relationship with Lady Wentworth had been sinful . A month after the execution , Lady Wentworth returned to England .   Lady Wentworth died the following April , in 1686 , at age 25 . She was buried at Toddington church and her mother erected a monument to her in the north transept . The barony passed to her aunt , Anne Lovelace , 7th Baroness Wentworth .

neg: George IV of the United Kingdom George IV ( George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 -- 26 June 1830 ) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover following the death of his father , George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as Prince Regent during his father 's final mental illness .   George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle .   His charm and culture earned him the title `` the first gentleman of England '' , but his poor relationship with both his father and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , and his dissolute way of life , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He even forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate , unsuccessful attempt to divorce her .   For most of George 's regency and reign , Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister , with little help from George . His ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending at a time when Britons were fighting in the Napoleonic Wars . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Liverpool 's government presided over Britain 's ultimate victory , negotiated the peace settlement , and attempted to deal with the social and economic malaise that followed . After Liverpool 's retirement , George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it . His only child , Princess Charlotte , died before him in 1817 and so he was succeeded by his younger brother , William .

neg: Descent of Elizabeth II from William the Conqueror This list shows the most senior line of descent of Elizabeth II , the current British Sovereign , from William I. Each person on the list is the son or daughter of the person above him or her on the list . There are many other more junior lines of descent of the family , but the crown , in theory at least , only descends through the most senior line ( a major exception being the exclusion of the genealogically senior Jacobite succession by the Act of Settlement 1701 ) . Owing to extinct lines , large parts of entire royal houses ( Lancaster , Tudor , Stuart ) are bypassed in the current most senior line . The numbers can be used to calculate the number of generations between two individuals on this list .

neg: Duke of Bedford Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year . He had no legitimate children and the titles became extinct on his death in 1495 .   The Russell family currently holds the titles of Earl and Duke of Bedford . John Russell , a close advisor of Henry VIII and Edward VI , was granted the title of Earl of Bedford in 1551 , and his descendant William , 5th Earl , was created Duke following the Glorious Revolution .   The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Bedford , all in the Peerage of England , are Marquess of Tavistock ( created 1694 ) , Earl of Bedford ( 1550 ) , Baron Russell , of Cheneys ( 1539 ) , Baron Russell of Thornhaugh in the County of Northampton ( 1603 ) , and Baron Howland , of Streatham in the County of Surrey ( 1695 ) ( and possibly the Barony of Bedford , which was merged into it in 1138 , 1366 or 1414 ) . The courtesy title of the Duke of Bedford 's eldest son and heir is Marquess of Tavistock '' .   Every Duke from the 5th Duke onwards is descended from Charles II of England . The family seat is Woburn Abbey , Bedfordshire . The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael 's Church in Chenies , Buckinghamshire ( photo ) . The family owns The Bedford Estate in central London .


query: Nikita is a reboot of the 1997 show La Femme Nikita.

pos: Nikita (TV series) Nikita is an American television series that aired on The CW from September 9 , 2010 to December 27 , 2013 in the United States . The series is a reboot of the popular 1997 TV series La Femme Nikita ( itself based on the 1990 Luc Besson film Nikita ) .   The series focuses on Nikita ( Maggie Q ) , a woman who escaped from a secret government-funded organization known as `` Division '' and , after a three-year hiding period , is back to bring down the organization . The main cast in various seasons features Maggie Q , Lyndsy Fonseca , Shane West , Aaron Stanford , Melinda Clarke , Xander Berkeley , Noah Bean , Tiffany Hines , Ashton Holmes , Dillon Casey , and Devon Sawa .

neg: L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 .   Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff .   In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles .   The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .

neg: Real Husbands of Hollywood Real Husbands of Hollywood ( abbreviated RHOH ) is an American reality television parody on BET which debuted on January 15 , 2013 .

neg: Nikita (season 1) The first season of Nikita , an American television drama based on the French film Nikita ( 1990 ) , the remake Point of No Return ( 1993 ) , and a previous series La Femme Nikita ( 1997 ) . It aired from September 9 , 2010 until May 12 , 2011 with a total of 22 episodes . The season finale received a 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards nomination for `` Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series '' .

neg: Cleaner (crime) A cleaner , or fixer , is a person who `` cleans up '' after crimes to physically erase their trace or uses pressure or bribes to limit fallout from a criminal act .   A fixer plays a similar but often less hands-on role , often minimizing bad publicity for public officials or media figures by quelling stories of their misadventures , but also capable of more heavyhanded tactics , as necessary .   A cleaner may destroy or remove incriminating evidence at the scene of a crime . A popular figure in crime fiction , a cleaner may also be a contract killer who commits murder to `` clean up '' a situation .  Cleaner is also a slang term for someone , usually a member of a crime organization or a covert government agency , who disposes of a corpse after a hit .   In contrast , legal crime scene cleanup is a legitimate industry , eliminating blood and other biohazardous materials such as dangerous chemicals used in an illegal drug lab as permitted by responsible authorities .   A fictional example of a cleaner is Shoulders from the comic strip Dick Tracy . More contemporary are the roles played by Jean Reno as Victor in the film La Femme Nikita ( 1990 ) , Harvey Keitel as Victor in Point of No Return ( 1993 ) , and a year later as a Mr. Wolf in Quentin Tarantino 's Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) ( parodied on Seinfeld ` s episode 155 , `` The Muffin Tops '' ( 1997 ) , where Newman makes the problem of leftover muffin stumps go away by eating them ) , and George Clooney as the title character in Michael Clayton . On television , similar roles are played by Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut in the TV series Breaking Bad and its prequel , Better Call Saul , Liev Schreiber in the title role of Showtime 's Ray Donovan , Paige Turco as recurring character Zoe Morgan in Person of Interest , and Susan Blommaert as `` Mr. Kaplan '' in The Blacklist .

neg: Mohabbat (1997 film) Mohabbat is a romantic Hindi film directed by Reema Nath and starring Madhuri Dixit , Sanjay Kapoor and  Akshay Khanna . The film released on 19 September 1997 and was a flop at the box-office .

neg: Real World: Ex-Plosion Real World : Ex-Plosion is the twenty-ninth season of MTV 's reality television series Real World , which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season , as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships . It is the eighth season of Real World to be filmed in the Pacific States region of the United States , specifically in California after The Real World : San Diego in 2011 .   The season featured a total of twelve cast members over the course of the season . It is the seventh season to take place in a city that had hosted a previous season , as the show 's third season was set in San Francisco in 1994 . It is also the sixth season to be located in California . San Francisco , California was first reported as the location for the twenty-ninth season in an August 2013 article on the website Vevmo . Production began from late August until October 21 , 2013 , and the season later premiered on January 8 , 2014 , consisting of 12 episodes .   After 21 years , this season marks the first big change in the show 's format . The cast narration `` This is the true story ... of seven strangers ... '' that was used during the previous 28 seasons was eliminated from the opening title sequence and replaced with a new introduction . The roommates move into their San Francisco home , make relationships with one another and also with the San Francisco locals . A month into the show , the cast goes on an off-the-grid vacation . When they return , they come to discover that many of their exes have moved in as additional roommates . The Exes were each misled by producers to believing that he or she would be a replacement roommate , unaware the other Exes would be moving in as well until move-in day .

neg: Aquarius (U.S. TV series) Aquarius is an American period crime drama television series created by John McNamara for NBC . The show aired from May 28 , 2015 , to September 10 , 2016 . In 2015 , the series was among seven others to receive the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Most Exciting New Series . On October 1 , 2016 , NBC cancelled the series after two seasons .

neg: List of The Comeback episodes The Comeback is an American television comedy-drama series produced by HBO that stars actress Lisa Kudrow as sitcom actress Valerie Cherish in modern-day Los Angeles . It was created by Kudrow and Michael Patrick King , a former executive producer of Sex and the City . Kudrow and King are also screenwriters and executive producers of the series , with King also serving as the director of some episodes . The series premiered on HBO on June 5 , 2005 and aired for a single , 13-episode season before being canceled . The series was revived nine years later and an eight-episode second season started airing on HBO on November 9 , 2014 .   , 21 episodes of The Comeback have aired , concluding its second season .

neg: Conquest (1998 film) Conquest is a 1998 British-Canadian romantic comedy film set in the dying prairie town of Conquest , Saskatchewan , most of whose remaining residents are in their 70s and depressed . Thirty-two-year-old Pincer Bedier ( Lothaire Bluteau ) , the French-Canadian manager of the only bank branch in the town , dreams of reviving the town and its only cash crop , the edible pea pods of the Caragana bush . Daisy MacDonald ( Tara Fitzgerald ) , a young , beautiful and mysterious English or Australian woman , happens into town in her bright red Alfa Romeo sports car and when it stalls , finds herself stranded indefinitely until the needed parts can be shipped in . Her presence invigourates the town and its inhabitants and romance develops between her and the young banker , while the older inhabitants catch his vision of the future .   Conquest was shown at the 1998 Montreal World Film Festival . In 1999 Monique Mercure won the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role , that of Grace Gallagher . Conquest has been shown on the Showtime network in the United States .

neg: The Real (TV series) The Real is an American syndicated talk show . The series initially received a trial run on Fox owned markets in the summer of 2013 . The series was developed as a talk show designed to appeal to younger female viewers who , like the co-hosts , were experiencing new events in their lives . It was green-lit for national syndication later that fall and officially premiered the following year .

neg: This Life (2015 TV series) This Life is a Canadian television drama series . It premiered on October 5 , 2015 on CBC . The series is based on the French Canadian series Nouvelle adresse , created by Richard Blaimert . On March 31 , 2016 the CBC confirmed the series had been renewed for a second season , to premiere in Fall 2016 . The show was cancelled on January 24 , 2017 .

neg: Chelsea (TV series) Chelsea is an American web television late-night talk show hosted by comedian Chelsea Handler . The show debuted on May 11 , 2016 and streams Wednesday , Thursday , and Friday each week worldwide . There will be 90 episodes of the talk show per year and each episode will be 30 minutes . The show tapes Monday , Tuesday , and Wednesday of each week that it airs . It is Netflix 's first talk show .   The show covers `` real topics '' with a sense of humor like Chelsea Does , with guest celebrities . Her comedic partner Chuy will not be a part of the series . The show will have a global outlook as Handler said , `` Netflix makes me able to do stories that are global , and it makes me able to pay attention to the stuff that does interest me in a way that will be able to be disseminated into all these different countries . ''   In July 2016 , it was announced that the show has been renewed for a 90-episode second season , which began on April 14 , 2017 .

neg: Nikita Nikita may refer to :   Nikita ( given name )  Nikita , Crimea , a town in Crimea

neg: MTV Select MTV Select was a television program airing weekday afternoons on MTV across Europe . It was launched in 1997 ( a similar series MTV Dial aired between 1996-1997 on MTV Europe but was replaced by MTV Select ) . Originally , there were four versions of MTV Select including a German , Italian , UK , and pan-European versions that aired on local MTV channels : MTV Germany , MTV UK and Ireland , MTV Italy and the original European channel MTV Europe . Later versions included Polish , Romanian , and Spanish versions of the show ; however , these were later canceled by MTV to make way for European versions of TRL . TRL UK and TRL Poland where later axed due to poor ratings as they never received the same success as MTV Select .   MTV Select later appeared on MTV Japan in 2000 and was later replaced . The show is currently a big hit on MTV India , where the show format is to telecast live user requests , received through phone calls or e‑mails . With the launch of MTV Canada , a Canadian version of MTV Select aired on A‑Channel , MTV Canada , and Toronto One . Hosted by Amanda MacKay and Brian Adler and taped in Vancouver , British Columbia , the show featured interviews with bands and singers , video requests , and a countdown of the ten songs that received the most votes at the Select website , starting at Number 10 on Monday and ending at Number 1 on Friday . When MTV Canada was rebranded as Razer , the show was renamed 969 .   Today , most European MTVs no longer have live studio-based interactive request shows .

neg: Teen Mom 3 Teen Mom 3 was an American reality television series that premiered on August 26 , 2013 , on MTV and concluded its run on November 18 , 2013 . It chronicles the lives of four girls from the fourth season of 16 and Pregnant as they navigate their first year of motherhood and changing social relationships . The series was announced on February 27 , 2012 , as the third installment of the Teen Mom franchise , coming one day before Teen Mom 2 concluded its second season . In December 2013 , it was revealed by the cast , via Twitter , that Teen Mom 3 had been canceled after one season . In March 2017 , it was announced that cast member Briana DeJesus would join the Teen Mom 2 cast for the eighth season .

neg: Gente bien (telenovela) Gente bien ( English title : People well ) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Lucy Orozco for Televisa in 1997 .   On April 28 , 1997 , Canal de las Estrellas started broadcasting Gente bien weekdays at 7:00 pm , replacing Mi querida Isabel . The last episode was broadcast on August 15 , 1997 with Amada enemiga replacing it the following day .   Patricia Manterola and Mario Cimarro starred as protagonists , while the leading actors César Évora and Julián Pastor starred as antagonists . The leading actresses María Rivas , Isela Vega , Helena Rojo and Ana Martín starred as stellar performances .

neg: Lassie (1997 TV series) Lassie is a Canadian television series which aired from 1997 to 1999 on YTV in Canada and Sunday nights on the Animal Planet network in the United States , as a modified remake of the original Lassie series ( 1954 -- 1973 ) about a boy and his faithful dog . As with previous Lassie TV versions and several movies dating back to the original Lassie Come Home movie of 1943 , the star was Lassie , a trained Rough Collie .   Not to be confused with a previous , syndicated follow-up series entitled The New Lassie which aired 1989 -- 1991 , this Canadian-produced Lassie series starred Corey Sevier as 13-year-old Timmy Cabot in the fictional town of Hudson Falls , Vermont . The show was filmed in Quebec by Cinar Inc. . In this series ' story line , Timmy and his recently widowed mother , Dr. Karen Cabot , move to Hudson Falls , where Karen takes over a veterinary practice .   In the first ( 1997 ) season , Lassie was played by `` Howard '' , an eighth generation collie descended from `` Pal '' , the dog in the original 1943 movie Lassie Come Home . As with all previous Lassie movies and television series beginning with Pal , Howard was owned and trained by Weatherwax Trained Dogs , founded by brothers Frank and Rudd Weatherwax . Midway through production , Cinar replaced Howard with a non-Pal descended dog . Following Lassie fan protests , `` Hey Hey '' , son of Howard and a ninth-generation direct descendent of Pal , was brought in to assume the role of Lassie for the final thirteen episodes of the show .   Although young Corey Sevier impressed critics , others complained that the series relegated Lassie to a bystander role by focusing more on the Cabot family 's dealings with various townspeople , at the expense of featuring Lassie 's action stunts and feats as had been traditional in the famous canine 's previous movie and TV incarnations .   The show was canceled after two seasons . A total of 52 episodes were produced .   The entire first season is available on DVD in Canada since April 4 , 2006 .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: Russian Dolls (U.S. TV series) Russian Dolls is an American reality television series on Lifetime . The series debuted on August 11 , 2011 and finished on October 7 , 2011 . The series follows the lives of eight Russian-American families living in Brighton Beach , New York .   As of May 2013 , reruns of the series air on Lifetime 's sister network - Lifetime Real Women .

neg: The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons .   The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards .   On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season .   On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 .


query: Eat Pray Love is based on Bill Clinton's memoir "Eat, Pray, Love".

pos: Eat Pray Love Eat Pray Love is a 2010 American biographical romantic comedy-drama film starring Julia Roberts as Elizabeth Gilbert , based on Gilbert 's best-selling memoir Eat , Pray , Love . Ryan Murphy co-wrote and directed the film , which opened in the United States on August 13 , 2010 .

neg: Wealth and Poverty Wealth and Poverty is a best-selling 1981 non-fiction book by investor and author George Gilder .   After completing Visible Man in the late 1970s Gilder began writing `` The Pursuit of Poverty . '' In early 1981 Basic Books published the result as Wealth and Poverty . The book was an analysis of the roots of economic growth . Reviewing it within a month of the inauguration of the Reagan Administration the New York Times reviewer called it `` A Guide to Capitalism '' . It offered , he wrote , `` a creed for capitalism worthy of intelligent people . '' The book was a New York Times bestseller and eventually sold over a million copies .   In Wealth and Poverty Gilder extended the sociological and anthropological analysis of his early books in which he had advocated for the socialization of men into service to women through work and marriage . He wove these sociological themes into the economic policy prescriptions of supply-side economics . The breakup of the nuclear family and the policies of demand-side economics led to poverty . Family and supply-side policies led to wealth .   In reviewing the problems of the immediate past -- the inflation , recession , and urban problems of the 1970s -- and proposing his supply-side solutions , Gilder argued not just the practical but the moral superiority of supply-side capitalism over the alternatives . `` Capitalism begins with giving , '' he asserted , while New Deal liberalism created moral hazard . It was work , family , and faith that created wealth out of poverty . `` It is this supply-side moral vision that underlies all the economic arguments of Wealth and Poverty , '' he wrote .   In 1994 Gilder asserted that America has no poverty problem , that the real problem is the `` moral decay '' of the `` so-called poor '' , and that their real need is `` Christian teaching from the churches . '' He calls the poor in America `` the so-called poor '' who have been `` ruined by the overflow of American prosperity '' , and asserts they have more purchasing power than the middle class in Japan in the 1990s .   Wealth and Poverty advanced a practical and moral case for supply-side economics and capitalism during the early months of the Reagan administration and made him Ronald Reagan 's most quoted living author .

neg: Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 Fear and Loathing : On the Campaign Trail '72 is a collection of articles covering the 1972 presidential campaign written by Hunter S. Thompson and illustrated by Ralph Steadman . The articles were first serialized in Rolling Stone magazine throughout 1972 and later released as a book in early 1973 ( San Francisco , CA : Straight Arrow Books , 1973 ; London : Allison & Busby , 1973 ) .   The book focuses almost exclusively on the Democratic Party 's primaries and the breakdown of the party as it splits between the different candidates . Of particular focus is the manic maneuvering of the George McGovern campaign during the Miami convention as they sought to ensure the Democratic nomination despite attempts by the Hubert Humphrey campaign and other candidates to block McGovern .   Thompson began his coverage of the campaign in December 1971 , just as the race toward the primaries was beginning , from a rented apartment in Washington , DC ( a situation he compared to `` living in an armed camp , a condition of constant fear '' ) . Over the next 12 months , in voluminous detail , he covered every aspect of the campaign , from the smallest rally to the raucous conventions .   Because of the freewheeling nature of the campaign , a first-generation fax machine was procured at great expense by the magazine for Thompson . Dubbing it `` the mojo wire '' , Thompson used the new technology to extend the writing process precariously close to printing deadlines , often haphazardly sending in notes mere hours before the magazine went to press . Fellow writers and editors would have to assemble the finished product with Thompson over the phone .   Like his earlier novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas , Thompson employed a number of unique literary styles in On the Campaign Trail , including the use of vulgarity and the humorous exaggeration of events . Despite the unconventional style , the book is still considered a hallmark of campaign journalism and helped to launch Thompson 's role as a popular political observer .

neg: New World Foundation The New World Foundation is a liberal foundation , based in New York . It supports organizations that work on behalf of civil rights and that seek to encourage participation of citizens in American democracy . It was founded in 1954 by Anita McCormick Blaine , a prominent member of the McCormick family and an heiress to industrialist Cyrus Hall McCormick and a supporter of Henry Wallace 's 1948 presidential campaign . Its initial funding of about $ 20 million was noted for progress towards education , ethics , peace , and public health .   In its mission statement , the New World Foundation stated as of 2009 :  We see the strengths of progressive ideals and committed activists , who every day are inventing democracy and extending its boundaries . But we also know the strength of reaction , inaction , and injustice in blocking democracy 's advance . Our work and our tradition is to tip the balance , to add resources to the side of justice , to widen the channels for participation , and to ensure that another generation will see by example how they can make a difference .   During the early 1960s , the New World Foundation 's goal was to aid education and promote better intergroup and international relations . During the early 1970s , the Foundation supported various civil rights and community projects . Hillary Clinton , whom Marian Wright Edelman had mentored , was on the board from 1982 to 1988 , and was its chair for some of that time , including 1987 . During that time , the Foundation gave money to a variety of organizations active in civil rights and other New Left causes , including the Christic Institute , Grassroots International , Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador ( CISPES ) , FAIR , and the National Lawyers Guild . By the early 1990s , the foundation was giving money to a Silicon Valley group fighting consequences of computer industry toxins , all the while undergoing criticism for being invested in the likes of Louisiana Pacific , Nike , and Philip Morris .

neg: Go Ask Alice Go Ask Alice is a 1971 fiction book about a teenage girl who develops a drug habit at age 15 , runs away from home , and eventually dies of a drug overdose . Attributed to `` Anonymous '' , the book is in diary form , and was originally presented as being the edited `` real diary '' of the unnamed teenage protagonist . Questions about the book 's authenticity and true authorship began to arise in the late 1970s , and it is now generally viewed as a work of fiction written by Beatrice Sparks , a therapist and author who went on to write numerous other books purporting to be real diaries of troubled teenagers . Some sources have also named Linda Glovach as a co-author of the book .   Intended for a young adult audience , Go Ask Alice became a widely popular bestseller . It was initially praised for conveying a powerful message about the dangers of drug abuse , but more recently has been criticized as poorly written anti-drug propaganda and also as a literary hoax . Nevertheless , its popularity has endured , and as of 2014 it had remained continuously in print since its publication over four decades earlier . Go Ask Alice has also ranked among the most frequently challenged books for several decades due to its use of profanity and explicit references to sex and rape , as well as drugs .   The book was adapted into the 1973 television film Go Ask Alice , starring Jamie Smith-Jackson and William Shatner . In 1976 , a stage play of the same name , written by Frank Shiras and based on the book , was also published .

neg: Clinton Tyree Clinton Tyree , a.k.a. Skink , is a fictional character who has appeared in several novels by Carl Hiaasen , beginning with Double Whammy in 1987 . He is an opponent of sprawl and development , and partakes of roadkill cuisine .

neg: Clinton Lake (Illinois) Clinton Lake is a 4900 acre reservoir located near Clinton , Illinois . The lake is a part of the Clinton Lake State Recreation Area , which encompasses 9300 acre . Clinton Lake is located in the central part of the state . It was built in the 1970s as a cooling source for Clinton Nuclear Generating Station . The lake opened in 1978 . Clinton Lake is one of the best lakes for catfish , and other gamefish . Boating power is unrestricted on the main body of the lake , and the upper arm of the lake is reserved as a no-wake area and some limited areas are reserved for electric trolling motors . There are six boat launches on the lake , as well as one canoe launch . There is also a 1000 ft long white sand beach on the lake . Other activities at Clinton Lake include camping , boating , swimming , water skiing , fishing , hiking trails , pickniking , hunting , and winter sports .   The various access and public use areas around Clinton Lake are collectively known as Clinton Lake State Recreation Area . Although fishing and other water sport activities have been the main attraction at this site , a diversity of other recreational activities are provided as well . Hunting ( by permit only ) , camping , picknicking , hiking and cross country ski facilities are also available . Snowmobiling is allowed if conditions are favorable . Horse owners may also make use of an equestrian trail .   Clinton Lake is less than a 4-hour drive from Chicago and St. Louis . It is approximately 30 miles from , and centrally located between , the cities of Champaign , Bloomington , Decatur and Lincoln . Access from the north or south is facilitated by Interstates 57 and 55 as well as U.S. 51 , which passes within 10 miles of the lake . Interstates 72 and 74 provide access from the east or west . Illinois Route 10 , 54 and 48 provide a direct route to the lake .   The sport fish community of Clinton Lake is composed of fishes common to central Illinois reservoirs : largemouth bass , bluegill , white crappie , black crappie , channel catfish , bullheads , flathead catfish , walleye , striped bass and hybrid striped bass .   The Marina is located on the south shoreline of the Salt Creek area of Clinton Lake , between the towns of Lane and Weldon , and is accessible from Illinois Route 10 or DeWitt County Highway 14 .  ( Information taken from the `` Illinois Department of Natural Resource 's CLINTON LAKE ACCESS AREAS AND FISHING GUIDE '' by Gary Lutterbie , March 2006 )

neg: Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton The sketch comedy television show Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) has for almost three decades aired a number of sketches parodying Hillary Clinton , from her time as First Lady , and during both her unsuccessful presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2016 .   A total of nine different performers have played Hillary Clinton on SNL . The array of SNL cast members portraying Clinton has included Jan Hooks , Janeane Garofalo , Vanessa Bayer , Ana Gasteyer , Amy Poehler , and Kate McKinnon . Guest stars playing Clinton have included Drew Barrymore and Rachel Dratch . One sketch even featured Miley Cyrus in a guest appearance as Clinton , rapping : `` What 's up y' all ? I 'm like Hillary Clint , and I wan na be president one day . ''

neg: Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities .   The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda .   The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault .   The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer .   The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing .   Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .

neg: God's Love We Deliver God 's Love We Deliver is an American non-profit organization which cooks and home-delivers nutritious , individually tailored meals to people in the New York City metropolitan area living with severe illness . The organization is headquartered in the SoHo neighborhood of the Manhattan borough of New York City , New York .   Co-founded in 1986 by Ganga Stone and Jane Best , it began with meals ( delivered by bicycle ) which were donated by about fifty restaurants .   As of 2011 , the organization brought over 4,000 meals a day to people living with severe illness .

neg: Dope Dogs Dope Dogs is a 1994 album by Parliament-Funkadelic/P-Funk All Stars . The album was first released on the P-Vine label in Japan . It was later released on the Hot Hands label in the United Kingdom . The United States release on the Dogone Records label , a custom label of Available Entertainment , was released under the name George Clinton and the P-Funk All-Stars . The U.S. version was remastered by David Libert of Available Entertainment . The album 's theme deals with dope-sniffing dogs that become addicted to the very drugs that they are assigned to find .

neg: Larry D. Alexander Larry Dell Alexander ( born May 30 , 1953 ) is an American artist , Christian author and Catechist from Dermott , Arkansas in Chicot County . Alexander is best known for his creations of elaborate colorful , and black & white `` pen and ink '' drawings in his `` crosshatching '' , or `` hatching '' technique , and his acrylic paintings . He also received notoriety and a personal presidential thanks for his personal rendition of a `` Clinton Family Portrait '' oil painting which he gave to U.S. President Bill Clinton in 1995 . It is now a part of the collection at the Clinton Presidential Library in Little Rock , Arkansas . He is also known for the Arkansas Schools Tours that he did between 1996 and 2006 . He has written nine devotional Bible studies commentaries on several New Testament books and one on the Old Testament book of Ezekiel of the Christian Bible , and has also created many drawings and paintings with strong Christian themes over the years . However , in recent years he is perhaps better known for his writings and teachings on Christianity

neg: Madam Secretary (book) Madam Secretary : A Memoir is the autobiography of United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright , published in 2003 . It covers both her life and the eight years she spent in the Clinton administration , first as United States Ambassador to the United Nations and then as head of the State Department . The book 's title reflects the term of address for a female governmental secretary . Madam Secretary appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list .

neg: The Nasty Bits The Nasty Bits : Collected Varietal Cuts , Usable Trim , Scraps , and Bones , is a largely nonfiction New York Times bestselling book by Anthony Bourdain , published in 2006 . The book is a collection of 37 exotic , provocative , and humorous anecdotes and essays , many of them centered around food , followed by a 30-page fiction piece ( `` A Chef 's Christmas '' ) . The book concludes with an appendix of commentaries on the various pieces , including when and why they were written .   The essays range from descriptions of restaurant-kitchen life ; to various rants about places , people , and things Bourdain objects to ; to lively accounts of far-flung world travels and remote ethnic life and food ; to accolades of the unsung Latinos who cook most fine-dining restaurant food in America ; to glowing reports of cutting-edge chefs like Ferran Adrià ; to details of Bourdain 's obsessions and pursuits when he is not working ; to opinions and anecdotes on various other subjects .   Bourdain organized the various essays and anecdotes into sections named for each of the five traditional flavors :  Salty  Sweet  Sour  Bitter  Umami   The book is , according to Bourdain , basically a collection of the best of his magazine and newspaper writings during the previous few years . As he says in the preface :   I 've done a lot of writing for magazines and newspapers in the last few years , and it 's the better morsels ( I hope ) from that work that follow . ... I 've been writing this stuff for much the same reason behind my frenetic traveling : Because I can . Because there 's so little time . Because there 's been so much to see and remember . ...   It 's an irritating reality that many places and events defy description . Angkor Wat and Machu Picchu , for instance , seem to demand silence , like a love affair you can never talk about . For a while after , you fumble for words , trying vainly to assemble a private narrative , an explanation , a comfortable way to frame where you 've been and what 's happened . In the end , you 're just happy you were there -- with your eyes open -- and lived to see it .

neg: Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law .   The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .

neg: 1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on January 23 , 1996 . The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton 's first term . This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget .   President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that `` the era of big government is over , '' and continued , `` but we can not go back to the time when our citizens were left to fend for themselves . We must go forward as one America , one nation working together , to meet the challenges we face together . Self-reliance and teamwork are not opposing virtues -- we must have both . '' The president discussed welfare reform , the V-chip , education , community policing , crime and the environment . The president also discussed foreign relations and the federal budget .   The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . He stated that '' -LSB- President Clinton -RSB- is the chief obstacle to a balanced budget and the balanced budget amendment ... . While the President 's words speak of change , his deeds are a contradiction . President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past . ''   Donna Shalala , the Secretary of Health and Human Services , served as the designated survivor .

neg: Love Family The Love Family , or the Church of Jesus Christ at Armageddon , was a U.S. communal religious movement led by Paul Erdman , who named himself Love Israel . The Love Family began in 1968 as one small communal household on Seattle 's Queen Anne Hill , and within the first ten years expanded to a network of communal homes and businesses . As more people arrived and settled in the surrounding neighborhood , Erdman , as the leader , continued to inherit land and homes ( from those who joined , primarily ) in other , more rural areas of Washington , Alaska and Hawaii . Most of the property is no longer under the control of Erdman , having been sold or returned to the original owners via litigation .   Sources differ on the Love Family 's duration ; some claim that after a fractious conflict in 1984 , the community was reduced to a small fraction residing in suburban Bothell , Washington , while according to The Seattle Times and an article written by Serious Israel , the Love Family continued living on their 300 acre property in Arlington , Washington . The Love Family flourished on that acreage from 1984 until 2004 , when , according to the Seattle Times , some families moved to other , smaller properties . The Arlington commune supported both a local organic restaurant and an annual festival open to the public called the Garlic Festival , which drew healthy crowds to the property .

neg: First inauguration of Bill Clinton The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd President of the United States was held on January 20 , 1993 on the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington , D.C. . The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President . At of age time of his first inauguration , Clinton was the third-youngest person to become president , and the first from the Baby Boomer generation .

neg: The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 .   The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President .   McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 .   The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously :   -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' .   The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . ''   In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .

neg: This Beautiful Mess This Beautiful Mess is the second album by American band Sixpence None the Richer , released in 1995 ( see 1995 in music ) . The recording was produced by Armand John Petri , who also managed the band from 1993 to 1997 . This Beautiful Mess surpassed 50,000 copies sold during its first year of release and laid the foundation for Sixpence 's self-titled breakout album two years later . This Beautiful Mess won the 1996 Dove Award for `` Alternative/Modern Rock Album of the Year . '' The songs `` Within a Room Somewhere '' and `` I Ca n't Explain '' were both minor hits on the Christian music charts .   Within a couple years of the album 's release , two eventually significant rock bands formed under the moniker `` This Beautiful Mess . '' The first originated in Colorado Springs , Co in 1996 and went on to become the platinum-selling act OneRepublic . The second , formed in 1997 , is the Dutch rock quintet from the Netherlands which continues making music under the same name .   `` This Beautiful Mess '' is also used as the title of author Rick McKinley 's 2006 treatise on personal and social transformation . The book 's foreword was written by million-selling author Donald Miller , who filmed the 2012 movie Blue Like Jazz with Sixpence None the Richer producer Steve Taylor directing .

neg: Bullfeathers Bullfeathers of Capitol Hill is a restaurant and bar on 410 First Street SE in Washington , D.C. , in the Capitol Hill neighborhood . Its name comes from President Theodore Roosevelt 's favorite euphemism for `` bullshit . '' The logo of the restaurant is a depiction of Roosevelt . It was founded in 1979 by Gordon King . It has achieved some degree of fame for its association with congressional staffers and members who have been patrons , and as a place where `` lobbyists take Hill staffers to down martinis . '' . It has opened recently under new ownership . The new owners are Tony Harris , Med Lahlou , William Walls and Jessica Mulroy .   The restaurant has been variously described as `` one of Capitol Hill 's key upscale watering holes '' and `` a favorite House-side dive . '' . Bullfeathers , Capital Hill is also the location of the Annual SWTA Legislative Breakfast   The political activist Ralph E. Reed , Jr. had a religious experience while at Bullfeathers on a Saturday evening in September 1983 . Regarding the experience , Reed said `` the Holy Spirit simply demanded me to come to Jesus . '' He walked outside the pub to a phone booth , thumbed through the Yellow Pages under `` Churches , '' and found the Evangel Assembly of God in Camp Springs , Maryland , He visited the next morning and became a born-again Christian .   The political website PoliticsPA named it to their list of restaurants frequented by politicians .   The restaurant also figured in the Mark Foley scandal . Reports indicated that Mark Foley approached a former 18-year-old intern at Bullfeathers and asked for an email .