query: Gilmore Girls has had four people executive produce the show.

pos: Gilmore Girls Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama television series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel . Sherman-Palladino , her husband Daniel Palladino , David S. Rosenthal , and Gavin Polone served as the executive producers . The series debuted on October 5 , 2000 , on The WB and remained a tent-pole to the network until its move to The CW on September 26 , 2006 . The series originally ran for seven seasons and ended its run on May 15 , 2007 .   The show follows single mother Lorelai Gilmore ( Graham ) and her daughter Rory ( Bledel ) , living in the fictional town of Stars Hollow , Connecticut . The town is filled with colorful characters and is located approximately 30 minutes from Hartford , Connecticut . The series explores issues of family , friendship and romance , as well as generational divides and social class . Ambition , education , work , love , family , and questions of class constitute some of the series ' central concerns . The show 's social commentary manifests most clearly in Lorelai 's difficult relationship with her wealthy , appearance-obsessed parents , Emily and Richard Gilmore , and in Rory 's interactions with the students at the Chilton Academy , and later , Yale University .   Gilmore Girls was released to critical acclaim . It featured fast-paced dialogue filled with pop-culture references . It won one Emmy Award for makeup in 2004 . The show placed 32 on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list , and was listed as one of Time magazine 's `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows '' in 2007 .   In 2016 , the main cast and Sherman-Palladino returned for a four-part miniseries revival titled Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life , which streamed on Netflix .

neg: Voyle Gilmore Voyle Gilmore ( June 14 , 1912 -- December 19 , 1979 ) was an American record producer and arranger . He was best known for his work with Frank Sinatra and The Kingston Trio on Capitol Records . Gilmore also worked with Judy Garland , Dick Dale , Dean Martin , The Four Preps and The Four Freshmen .   Gilmore was the producer of the original live tapes used on The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl .

neg: Merlin (series 4) The fourth series of the British drama series Merlin began on 1 October 2011 with the episode `` The Darkest Hour - Part 1 '' . It consists of 13 episodes originally shown on Saturday evenings on BBC One and BBC One HD ( repeats shown on BBC Three ) . The series producer was Sara Hamill , and executive producers were Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy . The directors of the series include Alice Troughton , Alex Pillai , Justin Molotnikov and Jeremy Webb . Writers include Julian Jones ( head writer ) , Howard Overman , Jake Michie , Lucy Watkins , and Richard McBrien .   Series four stars the regular cast from the previous series including Colin Morgan , Angel Coulby , Bradley James , Katie McGrath , and Richard Wilson . Credited as a regular , Anthony Head left the series after his character was killed off in `` The Wicked Day '' . Nathaniel Parker joined the regular cast in this series ( credited as such for the first time in `` Aithusa '' ) and John Hurt returned as the voice of the Great Dragon . Supporting cast members include Adetomiwa Edun , Eoin Macken , Tom Hopper , and Rupert Young .   Notable guest actors include Santiago Cabrera , Emilia Fox , Gemma Jones , Phil Davis , James Callis , Lindsay Duncan , Gary Lewis , Charlene McKenna , Janet Montgomery , Terence Maynard , Ben Daniels , Miranda Raison and Caroline Faber .

neg: Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life .   The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy .   Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .

neg: Martin Cohan Martin Paul `` Marty '' Cohan ( July 4 , 1932 -- May 19 , 2010 ) was an American television producer and writer . Cohan co-created the sitcom , Who 's the Boss ? , which aired on ABC from 1984 until 1992 , with business partner , Blake Hunter . Cohan is also credited with creating Silver Spoons , which ran on NBC from 1982 to 1987 and launched the career of actor Rick Schroder .

neg: Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord .   During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part .   Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .

neg: List of Futurama crew This is a list of people who have been part of the production crew of the television series Futurama .   Peter Avanzino - Director  Carlos Baeza - Director  J. Stewart Burns - Writer  Dwayne Carey-Hill - Director  David X. Cohen - Co-Creator , Writer , Executive Producer  Susie Dietter - Director  Aaron Ehasz - Writer  Mark Ervin - Director  David A. Goodman - Writer  Kristin Gore - Writer  Matt Groening - Writer , Producer , Creator  Bret Haaland - Director  Darin Henry - Writer  Eric Horsted - Writer  Ron Hughart - Director  Eric Kaplan - Writer , Producer  Claudia Katz - Producer  Ken Keeler - Writer  Brian Kelley - Writer  Chris Louden - Director  Jeffrey Lynch - Director  Rich Moore - Director  Lewis Morton - Writer  Bill Odenkirk - Writer  Chris Sauve - Director  Swinton O. Scott III - Director  Brian Sheesley - Director  Gregg Vanzo - Director  Patric Verrone - Writer  Dan Vebber - Writer  Ron Weiner - Writer  Jeff Westbrook - Writer

neg: Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .

neg: David McKenna (writer) David McKenna ( born August 14 , 1968 ) is an American screenwriter and producer . He is best known for writing the screenplays for American History X ( 1998 ) , Blow ( 2001 ) and S.W.A.T. ( 2003 ) , and for producing the film To Write Love on Her Arms . He was also the Creator and Executive Producer of the Jerry Bruckheimer TV show NBC 's E-Ring ( 2005-2006 ) .

neg: Wedding Bell Blues (Gilmore Girls) `` Wedding Bell Blues '' is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls and the show 's 100th episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Amy Sherman-Palladino , the episode was originally broadcast on The WB in the United States on February 8 , 2005 . The episode features the renewal of vows by Emily ( Kelly Bishop ) and Richard Gilmore ( Edward Herrmann ) . Their daughter Lorelai Gilmore ( Lauren Graham ) and their granddaughter Rory Gilmore ( Alexis Bledel ) serve as maid of honor and best man , respectively . `` Wedding Bell Blues '' received positive reviews from television critics .

neg: Judith Paige Mitchell Judith Paige Mitchell ( 1932 -- 2010 ) was a television writer , executive producer and novelist .

neg: Garry A. Brown (producer) Garry A. Brown is an American television producer and director .   He is known for his work on Foxs Prison Break ; and for the ABC adventure series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. .

neg: Gail Parent Gail Parent ( born August 12 , 1940 ) is an American television screenwriter , television producer , and author .

neg: Kerry Ehrin Kerry Anne Ehrin ( born October 8 , 1960 ) is an American screenwriter , showrunner , and producer . In 1990 , she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series for her work on the ABC comedy-drama series The Wonder Years . From 2006 until its ending in 2011 , she worked as a consulting producer on the NBC drama series Friday Night Lights . She was a showrunner of the A&E drama series Bates Motel , which aired from 2013 to 2017 .

neg: Stars Hollow Stars Hollow is a fictional town in Connecticut featured on the television show Gilmore Girls . It is depicted as a close-knit community with many quirky characteristics , located roughly thirty minutes from Hartford . The show 's creators borrowed elements of Washington Depot , Connecticut ; Kent , Connecticut ; and New Milford , Connecticut to create the town , which is actually a set constructed on the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank , California .

neg: Glen Morgan Glen Morgan is an American television producer , writer and director .

neg: Greg Daniels Gregory Martin `` Greg '' Daniels ( born June 13 , 1963 ) is an American television comedy writer , producer , and director . He is known for his work on several television series , including Saturday Night Live , The Simpsons , King of the Hill and The Office . All four shows were named among Times James Poniewozik 's All Time 100 TV Shows . Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien . Their first writing credit was for Not Necessarily the News , before they were laid off due to budget cuts . He eventually became a writer for two long-running series : Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons .   He joined the writing staff of The Simpsons during the fifth season , and he wrote several classic episodes including `` Lisa 's Wedding , '' `` Bart Sells His Soul '' and `` 22 Short Films About Springfield . '' He left the series in order to co-create another long-running animated series , King of the Hill , with Mike Judge . The series ran for thirteen years before it was cancelled in 2009 . During the series run , he worked on several other series , including the American version of The Office and Parks and Recreation . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer on the TBS series People of Earth . ''

neg: Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired .   A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel .   The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .

neg: Fans4Writers Fans4Writers is a fan activist movement which supported the striking writers of the WGA during the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike . The organization was not associated with the WGA , and indeed was notable for its unprecedented show of solidarity by individuals who were neither directly involved in contract negotiations , nor had a financial stake in the outcome .   While the group was first proposed by fans of Joss Whedon , it came to embrace more than 40 self-identified fandoms . They called themselves `` fans of TV shows and movies , fans of actors , fans of directors , fans of producers , crew and everyone involved in the team effort of crafting wonder . But most of all we are fans of writers , because they are where the wonder begins . They write the words we remember , they create the characters we love , they think up the lines that stay with us forever . As supporters of the people behind the scenes , who develop and write the stories that have meant so much to so many , we wanted to do something tangible to show them that we support the Writers Guild of America strike . ''   Fans4Writers solicitied financial support for its activities , which included bringing food to picket lines and skywriting messages of support at the Rose Bowl . Money left over after the strike was contributed to the WGA Strike Fund .   The organization stated its support for `` the writers in their fight for fair treatment and equitable pay ... with our thoughts , with food deliveries , with money , and we will pick up signs and march with them until a resolution is found . We do it in appreciation , and because it 's right . ''   The Internet-based fan movement received some online press coverage ancillary to the strike itself , and Brenda Lawhorn , Fans4writers ' Campaign Coordinator , was interviewed on Public Radio International 's Fair Game .   However , WGA member and Battlestar Galactica writer Jane Espenson was quoted on fan involvement :  `` I 'm not sure that -LSB- fan involvement -RSB- , which is so clear on the Internet , is being made as clear as it could be in the mainstream press ... it 's the stuff with the mainstream , grassroots fans who come out in amazing numbers and send us food on the picket lines every day ... that 's a bigger part of our everyday strike experience than the involvement of the movie stars . ''   The organization 's existence and activities highlighted one of the main sticking points in the contract negotiations -- the significance of the Internet and other `` new media '' distribution channels . The fan involvement in the strike could also be seen as an outgrowth of trends in which the audience had become more vocal as consumers of entertainment . Striking writers closed the circle by soliciting fan action on their behalf and specifically referring those upset at the loss of their favorite programs to the Fans4writers website , alongside the WGA 's own strike site , in order to register their sentiments and become involved .   Successful use of the internet to organize `` save our show '' campaigns had garnered significant attention , as when supporters of Jericho inundated CBS with grievances in protest of the program 's cancellation . This and other similar fan-organized publicity stunts on behalf of television shows appeared to have inspired WGA strikers themselves to undertake a similar campaign of sending pencils to the CEOs of the media conglomerates in a position to influence the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers .   Fans4Writers received designation as Yahoo.com 's Site of the Day on November 21 , 2007 .

neg: Tim Clawson Tim Clawson is an American film and television producer , film studio executive and screenwriter .   Clawson is best known as the screenwriter of the film They Call Me Bruce and the executive in charge of production on such films as Scream 4 , Piranha 3-D , The Reader and Inglourious Basterds .

neg: Mitchell Burgess Mitchell Burgess is an American writer and producer . He was the writer and an executive producer on The Sopranos . He was a creator and executive producer for Blue Bloods . He frequently works with his wife Robin Green .


query: Transformers: Dark of the Moon is a motion picture.

pos: Transformers: Dark of the Moon Transformers : Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . It is the third installment in the live-action Transformers film series , and is the sequel to 2009 's Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen . It is also the first film in the series not to be co-produced by DreamWorks . The film stars Shia LaBeouf , Josh Duhamel , John Turturro , Tyrese Gibson , Rosie Huntington-Whiteley , Patrick Dempsey , Kevin Dunn , Julie White , John Malkovich and Frances McDormand . Its story is set three years after the events of Revenge of the Fallen , and follows the warring Autobots and Decepticons as they battle to possess powerful technology from their homeworld that had crashed on Earth 's moon .   The script was written by Ehren Kruger , who also collaborated on the narrative of Revenge of the Fallen . Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras , with filming locations in Chicago , Florida , Indiana , Milwaukee , Moscow , and Washington , D.C. . The film was rendered specifically for 3-D , and the visual effects involved more complex robots which took longer to render . In May 2011 , it was announced that Paramount would move Dark of the Moon release date of July 1 to June 29 , in order to monitor an early response to footage .   Exclusive early premieres in select 3D and IMAX theaters took place June 28 , 2011 , one night before worldwide release in 2D and 3D ( including IMAX 3D ) formats -- each featuring Dolby Surround 7.1 sound . Critical reception of the film was mixed , with several critics calling it better than Revenge of the Fallen and praising the film 's visuals , Steve Jablonsky 's musical score , and 3-D action sequences , while others criticized its writing , acting , and length . Dark of the Moon grossed US$ 1.12 billion worldwide , and is currently the 13th-highest-grossing film of all time , the second-highest-grossing film of 2011 ( behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ) , the highest-grossing film in the Transformers series , and the 10th film to gross over $ 1 billion . Like the first film , it was nominated for Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards . It was followed by Transformers : Age of Extinction in 2014 . A fifth film , titled Transformers : The Last Knight is set to be released in 2017 .

neg: Transformers: Energon Transformers : Energon , known in Japan as , is the 2004 -- 2005 Transformers toyline , animated series , and comic book series , another co-production between Hasbro and Takara and a direct sequel to Transformers : Armada . It is also the first Japanese Transformers show where the Transformers are computer-generated ( CG ) , in a cel-shaded technique similar to the Zoids anime , which was a trend that would continue into the next series , Transformers : Cybertron . Needless to say , Energon had worse production mishaps than Armada .   In this series , the Transformers ' primary gimmicks are the Autobots ' ability to combine with partners of the same size , the Decepticons ' ability to use powered up forms , and the addition of Energon weapons and stars that can be placed on any Transformer . Mini-Cons , from the previous line , are still present , but all Mini-Con pegs are `` dead '' , and they do not activate a function on the toy .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Transformers Label series The Transformers Label series is a line of the Transformers series by Takara Tomy released exclusively in the Japanese market . The toys in this line consist of transforming robot figures with certain themes such as working electronic devices or crossover licenses with other brands and franchises .

neg: Darkman (video game) Darkman was developed by Ocean Software ( Painting By Numbers on the NES version ) and published by Ocean Software in 1991 . It was released for the ZX Spectrum , NES , Amstrad CPC and Commodore 64 . It was also ported to the Game Boy and Atari ST. The game 's plot is loosely based on the film of the same name .   In this side-scrolling platformer , the player controls Darkman , a superhero who can jump , kick and punch , as well as swing from a rope during action sequences between levels . In each level , Darkman disguises himself as the boss of the level , whom he must defeat before the time limit elapses . Tying into the plot of the film , Darkman wears masks of various gangsters who are responsible for his disfigurement , but his disguise dissolves after being exposed to sunlight for too long . The character changes into a different member of the evil gang in each level , taking on their attack moves as well as their face .   In-between levels , Darkman must photograph his quarry before he can make a mask of them . These scenes involve moving the cursor to take a picture of the gangster . The better the photo accuracy , the more time Darkman is granted to complete the subsequent level . The final level is the most faithful to the film , and takes place on a skyscraper under construction .

neg: Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' .   The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .

neg: Spike Witwicky Spike Witwicky is a regular character in the Transformers comics and television series .   Spike and the rest of the Witwicky family members are the closest human allies of the Autobots . Their motto is `` No sacrifice , no victory '' . They appeared in the original television and comic book series and later in the live action films .

neg: Ramjet (Transformers) Ramjet is the name of several fictional characters in the Transformers toy-based media franchise . All have been Decepticon aligned characters who turn into jets , usually white .

neg: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ( -LSB- ˈsɪmptiː -RSB- , rarely -LSB- ˈsʌmptiː -RSB- ) , founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE , is an international professional association , based in the United States of America , of engineers working in the motion imaging industries . An internationally recognized standards organizations , SMPTE has more than 600 Standards , Recommended Practices , and Engineering Guidelines for television production , filmmaking , digital cinema , audio recording , information technology , and medical imaging . In addition to development and publication of technical standard documents , SMPTE publishes the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal , provides networking opportunities for its members , produces academic conferences and exhibitions , and performs other industry-related functions .   SMPTE Membership is open to any individual or organization with interest in the subject matter .   SMPTE standards documents are copyrighted and may be purchased from the SMPTE website , or other distributors of technical standards . Standard documents may be purchased by the general public . Significant standards promulgated by SMPTE include :   All film and television transmission formats and media , including digital .  Physical interfaces for transmission of television signals and related data ( such as SMPTE time code and the Serial Digital Interface ) ( SDI )  SMPTE color bars  Test card patterns and other diagnostic tools  The Material eXchange Format , or MXF   SMPTE 's educational and professional development activities include technical presentations at regular meetings of its local Sections , annual and biennial conferences in the US and Australia and the SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal . The society sponsors many awards , the oldest of which are the SMPTE Progress Medal , the Samuel Warner Memorial Medal , and the David Sarnoff Medal . SMPTE also has a number of student Chapters and sponsors scholarships for college students in the motion imaging disciplines .   Related organizations include  National Television System Committee ( NTSC )  Moving Picture Experts Group ( MPEG )  ITU Radiocommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCIR )  ITU Telecommunication Sector ( formerly known as the CCITT )  Digital Video Broadcasting  BBC Research Department  European Broadcasting Union ( EBU )

neg: Transformers: Victory is an anime series produced by Toei Animation . It is a Japanese-produced spin-off of the well-known original Transformers cartoon , and the final complete animated series from the original `` Generation 1 '' era .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government .   The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast .   Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .

neg: Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .

neg: Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .

neg: 20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 .   The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .

neg: Beast Wars: Transformers (video game) Beast Wars : Transformers is a third-person shooter developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Cambridge and published by Hasbro Interactive and Takara on December 5 , 1997 for PlayStation and May 31 , 1998 for PC . It is based on the popular Transformers : Beast Wars animated series , specifically the first season , after the introduction of Airazor and Inferno .

neg: Ethan Van der Ryn Ethan Van der Ryn ( born October 21 , 1962 ) is a sound editor .  He won 2 Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing for The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers and King Kong . He earned further Academy Awards nominations for Transformers ( 2007 ) , Transformers : Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) and Argo ( 2012 ) . He is an alumnus of San Francisco State University .

neg: The Transformers: Maximum Dinobots The Transformers : Maximum Dinobots was a story arc from IDW Publishing 's The Transformers , and followed The Transformers : All Hail Megatron .

neg: Transformers: Scramble City , sometimes referred to as just is an episode of The Transformers released as an OVA ( Original Video Animation ) in Japan in April 1986 . It was created as a promotional video for the new line of ` Scramble City ' toys and the cassettes were paired with the toy sets . Despite strong belief ( such as that voiced on the 20th Anniversary DVD bonus commentary for the episode ) , it was not meant to introduce Japanese audiences to the new characters from The Transformers : The Movie ( considering Ultra Magnus , Ramhorn , Steeljaw , and Ratbat are the only ones from the film that appear in it ) . Chronologically , it takes place years before the movie during the early stages of construction on Autobot City . But since Trypticon appeared ( and was supposed to debut in Five Faces of Darkness ) , it can be assumed that this video takes place after Alternity .

neg: God of Thunder (2015 film) God of Thunder ( aka Dark Universe ) is a 2015 film .

neg: Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 .   Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated .   Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees .   Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .


query: Reddit did a funding round that was headed up by Sam Altman.

pos: Reddit Reddit ( stylized as reddit , -LSB- ˈrɛdɪt -RSB- ) is an American social news aggregation , web content rating , and discussion website . Reddit 's registered community members can submit content such as text posts or direct links . Registered users can then vote submissions up or down that determines their position on the page . Submissions with the most up-votes appear on the front page or the top of a category . Content entries are organized by areas of interest called `` subreddits '' . Subreddit topics include news , science , gaming , movies , music , books , fitness , food , image-sharing , and many others . The site prohibits harassment , and moderation requires substantial resources .   As of 2017 , Reddit had 542 million monthly visitors ( 234 million unique users ) , ranking # 4 most visited web-site in US and # 9 in the world . Across 2015 , Reddit saw 82.54 billion pageviews , 73.15 million submissions , 725.85 million comments , and 6.89 billion upvotes from its users .   Reddit was founded by University of Virginia roommates Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian in 2005 . Condé Nast Publications acquired the site in October 2006 . Reddit became a direct subsidiary of Condé Nast 's parent company , Advance Publications , in September 2011 . As of August 2012 , Reddit operates as an independent entity , although Advance is still its largest shareholder . Reddit is based in San Francisco , California . In October 2014 , Reddit raised $ 50 million in a funding round led by Sam Altman and including investors Marc Andreessen , Peter Thiel , Ron Conway , Snoop Dogg , and Jared Leto . Their investment saw the company valued at $ 500 million .

neg: Shuttleworth Foundation The Shuttleworth Foundation was established in January 2001 by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth as an experiment with the purpose of providing funding for people engaged in social change . While there have been various iterations of the foundation , its structure and how it invests in social innovation , the current model employs a fellowship model where fellows are given funding commensurate with their experience to match a year 's salary , allowing them to spend that year developing a particular idea .   Notable past and present fellows include Marcin Jakubowski ( who develops the Open Source Ecology project ) , Rufus Pollock ( co-founder of the Open Knowledge Foundation ) , Mark Surman ( now Executive Director of Mozilla Foundation ) , and Philipp Schmidt ( founded the Peer to Peer University during his fellowship ) .

neg: Piqqem Piqqem is an online stock selection service using a method of selection based on the Wisdom of Crowds . It was launched in the fall of 2008 with angel funding from early-stage Apple investor Mike Markkula ( the first investor in Apple ) and Tellme Networks founder Mike McCue . Piqqem encourages users to make predictions on stock prices with simple graphical icons or using online graphing charts . Piqqem then uses a proprietary algorithm to aggregate the expressed sentiments in graphical and symbolic form and compile those aggregate sentiments to provide predictions on share price movement based on the collective `` crowd opinion . '' Piqqem is similar to current prediction markets like those found on Betfair ( sports betting ) and the Hollywood Stock Exchange ( movie box office returns ) . Piqqem 's competitors include Covestor , Cake Financial , and the Motley Fool , among others . Critics of Piqqem 's approach assert that the stock market already reflects the wisdom of crowds in its pricing methodology . The company is located in the Silicon Valley town of Los Altos in Northern California near San Francisco .

neg: SyndicateRoom SyndicateRoom is a UK online equity investing platform , providing cross-sector private and public investments as well as running the world 's first passive EIS fund , Fund Twenty8 . The company is headquartered in Cambridge , and authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority ( formerly the FSA ) . SyndicateRoom made history in 2016 by becoming the first crowdfunding platform to offer public market investment opportunities after being accepted as a member company of the London Stock Exchange .   SyndicateRoom initially launched itself as a crowdfunding platform for high-net-worth and sophisticated investors , inventing and operating through the investor-led model of equity crowdfunding . Since launching in September 2013 , SyndicateRoom has raised ~ # 60 million for more than 75 companies ( July 2016 ) . Notable companies that have raised on the platform include : Salty , the first-ever equity crowdfunded Hollywood film , directed by Simon West ; Mill Residential REIT , the world 's first crowdfunded IPO ; and Axol Biosciences , which uses Nobel Prize-winning technology to produce stem cells from human blood and skin cells that can then be turned into cells for scientific research , potentially removing the need for animal testing .   Approximately a third of the companies that list on SyndicateRoom are from the life sciences industry , an unusual statistic given that the vast majority of crowdfunded businesses are B2C .

neg: Small Business Innovation Research The Small Business Innovation Research ( or SBIR ) program is a United States Government program , coordinated by the Small Business Administration , intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development ( R&D ) . Funding takes the form of contracts or grants . The recipient projects must have the potential for commercialization and must meet specific U.S. Government R&D needs .   The SBIR program was created to support scientific excellence and technological innovation through the investment of federal research funds in critical American priorities to build a strong national economy ... one business at a time . In the words of program founder Roland Tibbetts : `` to provide funding for some of the best early-stage innovation ideas -- ideas that , however promising , are still too high risk for private investors , including venture capital firms . '' For the purposes of the SBIR program , the term `` small business '' is defined as a for-profit business with fewer than 500 employees , owned by one or more individuals who are citizens of , or permanent resident aliens in , the United States of America .   Funds are obtained by allocating a certain percentage of the total extramural ( R&D ) budgets of the 11 federal agencies with extramural research budgets in excess of $ 100 million . Approximately $ 2.5 billion is awarded through this program each year . The United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) is the largest agency in this program with approximately $ 1 billion in SBIR grants annually . Over half the awards from the DoD are to firms with fewer than 25 people and a third to firms of fewer than 10 . A fifth are minority or women-owned businesses . Historically a quarter of the companies receiving grants are receiving them for the first-time . Besides the DoD , there are also programs with the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Agriculture , and others .

neg: Sam Raimi Samuel M `` Sam '' Raimi ( -LSB- ˈreɪmi -RSB- born October 23 , 1959 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor , famous for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series , as well as directing the original Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002 -- 07 ) and the 1990 superhero film Darkman . His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful .   Raimi has also produced several successful television series and founded his own production company , Renaissance Pictures , in 1979 . Recently , he worked as the producer of The Possession , and the 2013 remake of Evil Dead .

neg: ModSquad ModSquad is a global social media management services based in the United States . The company currently has over 10,000 moderators on staff . ModSquad offers digital engagement services and teams across online , e-commerce , in-game , and social media channels .

neg: StartX StartX is a non-profit business incubator associated with Stanford University .   It was founded by Cameron Teitelman in 2011 .  it began as a spin-off of Stanford Student Enterprises , the non-profit financial arm of the Associated Students of Stanford University , which sponsored earlier events called SSE Labs in 2009 and then SSE Ventures . The StartX incubator differentiates itself from other incubators in Silicon Valley , such as Y Combinator , in that it is an educational non-profit 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) organization that takes no equity in the companies it helps start .   At least one member of each company must have some Stanford connection , but undergraduates , graduates , faculty and staff are involved in the seminars and advise program .  One of its first ventures , Alphonso Labs , developed the Pulse App .  WifiSlam was acquired by Apple Inc for about $ 20 million .   StartX 's staff is primarily composed of student volunteers from Stanford .  StartX received a $ 800,000 grant from the Kauffman Foundation in August 2012 ( which allowed Teitelman to earn a salary ) , and $ 400,000 from Silicon Valley companies in February 2012 .   In May 2012 , StartX created a specialized track , called StartX Med , for medical-related startup companies .   In September 2013 , Stanford announced a grant of $ 1.2 million every year for three years to StartX .  Along with Stanford Hospital and Clinics , it created a new Stanford-StartX fund ( of uncapped amount ) to invest in current and alumni StartX companies . To receive the investment from Stanford , StartX companies must raise at least $ 500,000 on their own from professional angel investors or venture capitalists .  Stanford-StartX approved 6 companies by 2013 .

neg: GoFundMe GoFundMe is a crowdfunding platform that allows people in some but not all countries to raise money for events ranging from life events such as celebrations and graduations to challenging circumstances like accidents and illnesses . The company is based in San Diego , California .

neg: The Button (Reddit) The Button was an online meta-game and social experiment that featured an online button and 60 second countdown timer that would reset each time the button was pressed . The experiment was hosted on the social networking website Reddit beginning on 1 April 2015 ( April Fools ' Day ) and was active until 5 June 2015 . The game was started by a Reddit administrator .   The Button garnered enthusiasm from Reddit users worldwide , attracting clicks from over one million unique user accounts . Various websites , browser extensions , and mobile applications were created for tracking the live statistics of the Button and enabling users to visit the Button when the timer dropped below a certain threshold .   The Button 's countdown timer reached zero several times due to technical issues , but on 5 June 2015 , the countdown timer was shut off by an admin , ending the experiment .

neg: MediaCommons MediaCommons is an in-development all-electronic scholarly publishing network in media studies , being created in partnership with the Institute for the Future of the Book and with the support of New York University and the National Endowment for the Humanities .   MediaCommons established its first presence on the web in November 2006 with a now-defunct development site named `` making MediaCommons , '' and opened its current web site in March 2007 . The first project established on MediaCommons was In Media Res , an ongoing feature in which notable scholars in media studies present and comment upon brief , timely videoclips , aiming to promote dialogue between scholars and the broader public about the significance of media representations and forms .   MediaCommons claims among its goals a transformation in scholarly publishing , suggesting that the network `` will not simply shift the locus of publishing from print to screen , but will actually transform what it means to ` publish , ' allowing the author , the publisher , and the reader all to make the process of such discourse just as visible as its product . '' The network promises to speed up the processes of publishing , but also to shift the focus of scholarly publishing back to communication amongst scholars . For this reason , the editors describe MediaCommons as a `` scholarly network '' rather than an electronic journal or press .   MediaCommons is also an experiment in reimagining the processes of peer review in the humanities , opening up the process to public debate and discussion , and using both web-based metrics and commentary to create a process of `` peer-to-peer review . '' The backbone of this system is a social networking system currently being built by the NYU Digital Library Technology Services .   MediaCommons has thus far published two commentable papers , one on the future of scholarly publishing , and the other on CommentPress , the WordPress theme developed by the Institute for the Future of the Book that allows for paragraph-by-paragraph commenting on lengthy documents .   The co-coordinating editors of MediaCommons are Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Avi Santo , and the project draws on the support of an editorial board of scholars from across the digital humanities .

neg: Center for Civic Media The MIT Center for Civic Media ( formerly the Center for Future Civic Media ) is a research and practical center that develops and implements tools that support political action and `` the information needs of -LSB- civic -RSB- communities '' . Its mission reads in part :   The MIT Center for Civic Media creates and deploys technical and social tools that fill the information needs of communities .   We are inventors of new technologies that support and foster civic media and political action ; we are a hub for the study of these technologies ; and we coordinate community-based test beds both in the United States and internationally .   It was founded in 2007 as a joint effort of the MIT Media Lab and the MIT Comparative Media Studies program . Its initial funding , a four-year grant from the Knight Foundation , was won in a contest `` to foster blogs and other digital efforts that seek to bring together residents of a city or town in ways that local newspapers historically have done . '' The founders planned to `` develop new technologies and practices to help newspapers attract readers as a greater number of Americans use the Internet as their primary news source . '' It expanded in 2011 .   Staffed by academic , technical , and professional staff , the Center was originally led by Christopher Csikszentmihályi , along with the Media Lab 's Mitchel Resnick and Comparative Media Studies ' Henry Jenkins . Ethan Zuckerman was announced as the Center 's new director in June 2011 . Others affiliated with the center include Sasha Costanza-Chock , Benjamin Mako Hill , William Uricchio , Jing Wang , and Jeffrey Warren .

neg: Inside Philanthropy Inside Philanthropy is a news website about large philanthropic foundations and wealthy donors , created by David Callahan in 2013 . It aims to increase oversight and transparency in large-scale philanthropy .   The site provides news on major philanthropy and its trends , and presents profiles of big donors in particular categories such as donors from the technology industry , donors from the financial industry , and supporters of major education and healthcare initiatives . It also rates foundation program officers by their performance , rather than by the nonprofits they fund . It issues its own set of awards , such as the Philanthropist of the Year award and the Boldest Philanthropic Vision award .   The site has been noted for naming wealthy people who Inside Philanthropy considers as scoring relatively poorly on `` relative generosity '' , or percentage of wealth that a person has given away , even if they still give out a comparatively large amount of money in absolute terms .

neg: New York Angels New York Angels is an organization of business angel investors based in New York , New York , US that provides equity capital for early stage companies , primarily in the field of technology and new media . Its members typically invest between US$ 250,000 and US$ 1,000,000 in companies that have begun operations but are not yet ready for venture capital .   New York Angels is the successor group to the Angel Investor Program of the former New York New Media Association ( NYNMA ) , which began as the industry association representing the fast-growing technology companies in what was nicknamed Silicon Alley . In 1997 , at the suggestion of a number of NYNMA 's original founders , including Brian Horey , Laura Sachar , Alain Bankier and Jason Wright , the organization facilitated the creation of program to match new entrepreneurs with experienced Angel Investors . Following the crash of the dot-com bubble , NYNMA was disbanded and in 2003 the active angel investors whom it had brought together spun themselves off into a separate , not-for-profit group under the leadership of David S. Rose , a serial entrepreneur and investor .   Since 2003 , New York Angels has invested over $ 50 million into more than 60 early stage companies , mostly in and around the New York regional area . Among the 75 Accredited Investor members of the invitation-only group are Gideon Gartner ( Gartner Group and GIGA ) , Esther Dyson ( Release 1.0 and PC Forum ) , Alan Patricof ( Apax Ventures and Greycroft Partners ) , Scott Kurnit ( About.com ) , Roger Ehrenberg ( IA Capital ) , Jeff Stewart ( Mimeo.com ) , Jon Whelan ( AfterNIC.com ) , Linda Holliday ( Digitas Health ) and other technology entrepreneurs . The group also accepts venture capital firms as members , among which are First Round Capital , Softbank Ventures , RRE Ventures , and SAVP/Greenhill .   New York Angels was the first member of the Angel Capital Association , the professional trade group of American angel investor organizations . The organization is currently headed by businessman , Brian Cohen .

neg: Sofar Sounds Sofar Sounds ( for Songs from a Room ) is a startup funded by venture capital from Richard Branson , among others . The company calls itself a global community where music lovers and artists come together to experience music in an intimate setting at a secret concert . The events started in London in March 2009 by Rafe Offer , Rocky Start and Dave Alexander . `` Music lovers '' pay $ 15 ( for US concerts ) , Airbnb customers can reserve seats for $ 30 . The lineup for a concert is not disclosed until the event starts ; the location is announced only the day before . The comapny claims that highlighting headline acts encourages people to turn up late and not respect the other performers .   In early 2017 , Sofar Sounds claimed there are more than 400 gigs each month , some of which are hosted in members ' living rooms , although larger venues ( for an audience of 80-150 ) are more frequent . Sofar offers services in more than 300 cities worldwide .   Performers apply to be considered and audition using extant on-line video . Musicians of all genres are welcome to apply . Local Sofar Sounds `` city leaders '' and their review teams curate the evenings . First-time performers play without pay ( receiving a video of their performance from Sofar ) , repeat performers then earn $ 50 per show .   Musicians , bands and artists are often filmed , with the edited video uploaded to the Sofar Sounds YouTube channel , also shared on the website . Some gigs are live-streamed . Typically , three artists perform at each gig . Emphasis is placed on the crowd being respectful -- switching off their phones and listening .   In June 2015 Sofar Sounds teamed up with Uber to host a series of secret gigs .   UK acts who have participated include James Bay , Wolf Alice and Bastille , who raised money for charity War Child .  Will Young was a surprise guest and there has been an appearance from Robert Pattinson and Yeah Yeah Yeahs front woman Karen O . Some US performers who have appeared in Sofar concerts include : X Ambassadors , Leon Bridges and Fantastic Negrito , while acts such as Núria Graham and Ali Somay have played Sofar Barcelona and Sofar Istanbul respectively .

neg: Joel Furr Joel K. `` Jay '' Furr ( born 1967 in Roanoke , Virginia ) is a writer and software trainer notable as a Usenet personality in the early and mid 1990s .   He is immortalized in the newsgroups alt.fan.joel-furr , alt.bonehead.joel-furr , and alt.joel-furr . die.die.die . He was a pretender to the throne of James `` Kibo '' Parry , and the bitter enemy of Serdar Argic . He is also infamous for his Usenet response to the death of Roger Zelazny : `` Good '' . ( Furr has subsequently apologized for this statement , attributing his cranky response to immaturity and thoughtlessness . )   One reason for Furr 's fame on Usenet was his self-appointed leadership over the alt hierarchy , where any user could create a newsgroup without any official vote or sanction by the user community . Before 1992 , internet administrators did not carry alt newsgroups that did not obtain some general community assent . However , in the time spanning roughly 1993 to 1995 , commercial internet service providers were cropping up left and right , and few of them had time or inclination to manage which newsgroups their services carried , so they carried all groups that were created . Furr attempted to bring some order and rationale to this practice , but with minimal success .   According to Brad Templeton , Furr is one of the earliest people to refer to unsolicited electronic messages as `` spam '' . The term `` spam '' had been widely used by Monty Python fans to describe excessive torrents of verbiage on electronic chat systems and multi-user dungeons , analogous to the Vikings chanting `` spam spam spam spam spam , WONDERFUL SPAM '' in the legendary Python sketch . Furr used the term in the USENET newsgroup news.admin.policy to describe an out-of-control automated robo-moderation system known as ARMM . While he did n't coin the phrase , he appears to have been the first to use it to describe the phenomenon as it applied to USENET newsgroups .   Furr created a line of Usenet kook T-shirts , which included a `` Serdar Argic World Tour '' shirt as well as one imprinted with the programming code for RSA encryption , boasting `` This shirt is a munition '' , a reference to US export law .  He also created and sold T-shirts after the `` Green Card '' spamming incident carried out by Canter & Siegel .   He is also an alumnus of the University of Georgia and its Demosthenian Literary Society .

neg: Gramble Gramble is a game-focused social entertainment network connecting players , developers , and charities through interactive profiles and a suite of social features . Launched in open beta in April 2013 , the network is currently accessible via a mobile version for smartphones and tablets ( Gramble.com ) . Native ( downloadable ) versions of the Gramble network are also available for iOS and Android . An HTML5-based web version is also in development . Gramble 's stated mission is `` to improve over one billion lives by changing the way people donate to charity . ''

neg: ImpactFlow ImpactFlow is an online fundraising platform for nonprofits , businesses and individuals . Using its online dashboard , donors can discover and support nonprofits in their local community or beyond . Hundreds of businesses use ImpactFlow to donate to causes , and nonprofits such as Make-A-Wish Foundation and Girls Inc. use the platform to raise money and partner with businesses . ImpactFlow offers tools for event management , donations and social media publishing .   ImpactFlow was founded by Tyler Foreman and Armon Moore in August 2013 . In 2014 , ImpactFlow completed a $ 1.1 m seed funding round . In August 2015 , ImpactFlow announced that it had received another $ 5.7 million in funding from a group of private investors in Northern California .   ImpactFlow has been active in the Portland nonprofit community , pursuing opportunities to collaborate on events such as the WVDO Nonprofit Tech Fair and NWCUA Marketing Conference . In 2015 , ImpactFlow took the Portland Tech Diversity Pledge .

neg: SeedInvest SeedInvest is an equity crowdfunding platform that connects startups with investors online . The company was founded in 2012 and launched in 2013 . SeedInvest has focused on building liquidity in the platform by attracting high-net-worth individuals , family offices and venture capital firms . SeedInvest screens and vets deals before allowing them to take advantage of the JOBS Act exemption permitting General Solicitation . In September 2014 the company launched a partnership with Angel Investing website Gust .

neg: Sergey Brin Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin ( Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин born August 21 , 1973 ) is a Russian American computer scientist , internet entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Together with Larry Page , he co-founded Google . Brin is the President of Google 's parent company Alphabet Inc. .   , Brin is the 13th richest person in the world , with an estimated net worth of US$ 39.8 billion .   Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of 6 . He earned his bachelor 's degree at the University of Maryland , following in his father 's and grandfather 's footsteps by studying mathematics , as well as computer science . After graduation , he moved to Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science . There he met Page , with whom he later became friends . They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin 's data mining system to build a web search engine . The program became popular at Stanford , and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage .   The Economist referred to Brin as an `` Enlightenment Man '' , and as someone who believes that `` knowledge is always good , and certainly always better than ignorance '' , a philosophy that is summed up by Google 's mission statement , `` Organize the world 's information and make it universally accessible and useful , '' and unofficial yet sometimes controversial motto , `` Do n't be evil '' .

neg: The New Ledger The New Ledger commonly referred to as `` Pete '' , is an American web publication which pairs aggregated and ranked news stories with right of center opinion articles by free-market minded moderates , libertarians and conservatives . The site 's slogan is `` Welcome to the Know . ''   Launched in February 2009 , the New Ledger 's contributors and editors include Pejman Yousefzadeh , Francis Cianfrocca , Christopher Badeaux , Brad Jackson , Benjamin Kerstein , Ted Bromund , Sean Noble , and Amanda Carpenter , some of whom have individual blogs hosted on the site . It is edited by Ben Domenech , who co-founded the conservative activism site Redstate .   TNL , as site commenters call it , is not a political activism site , and occasionally publishes articles by conservative Democrats . According to its mission statement : `` Our goal is to sift through the noise to bring your attention to the news you need and want , in order to better understand the times we live in . '' The Transom section aggregates newswire content , while the `` sorted and ranked for you '' Daily Reads on the site , usually news and blog stories on business and politics , are assigned one to five stars on readability .   Articles are typically strongly opposed to President Barack Obama 's domestic and economic policies , particularly criticizing the government takeovers of Chrysler and GM . However , TNL has also published articles supporting Obama 's policies on detainees and the environment , as well as the Supreme Court nomination of Judge Sonia Sotomayor .   The New Ledger is frequently featured by the RealClearPolitics network of sites and by the website of CBS News , both of which have republished several of their stories . They are linked regularly by US News and World Report , National Public Radio , National Journal , The Hill , Instapundit , The Root , and throughout the conservative blogosphere .   In July 2009 , TNL launched a daily podcast called Coffee & Markets , a roughly 15 minute morning podcast Francis Cianfrocca 's thoughts on Wall Street , economic policy , and other political subjects . The podcast was cross promoted at The Washington Times for some time , and after gaining some popularity , became sponsored by Andrew Breitbart 's BigGovernment blog .


query: Pierce Brosnan had a cameo in "Mamma Mia!".

pos: Pierce Brosnan Pierce Brendan Brosnan , OBE ( born 16 May 1953 ) is an Irish actor , film producer , and activist who after leaving comprehensive school at age 16 , began training in commercial illustration . He then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years . Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele ( 1982 -- 87 ) , which blended the genres of romantic comedy , drama , and detective procedural . After the conclusion of Remington Steele , Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol ( 1987 ) and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) .   In 1994 , Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series , starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 ( GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day ) . He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games James Bond 007 : Nightfire and James Bond 007 : Everything or Nothing , providing his voice for the latter . During this period , he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante 's Peak ( 1997 ) and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1999 ) . Since leaving the role of Bond , he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia ! ( 2008 ) , the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer ( 2010 ) and the action spy thriller The November Man ( 2014 ) .   In 1996 , along with Beau St. Clair , Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime , a Los Angeles-based production company . In later years , he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism . He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991 . He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001 , and became an American citizen in 2004 , holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland . He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations , first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor ( 1982 ) and next for the dark comedy film The Matador ( 2005 ) .

neg: Amami (film) Amami ( literally Love me , also known as Daddy Do n't Blush ) is a 1993 Italian comedy film directed by Bruno Colella .

neg: Max Dugan Returns Max Dugan Returns is a 1983 American comedy-drama film starring Jason Robards as Max Dugan , Marsha Mason as his daughter Nora , Donald Sutherland , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew Broderick , the latter two actors each in their first film appearances . This would be the last Neil Simon film to be directed by Herbert Ross , as well as the last of his films starring Mason ( Simon 's wife at the time ) .

neg: Faustina (1968 film) Faustina is a 1968 Italian comedy film . It represents the directorial debut of Luigi Magni and the first released film appearance of actress Vonetta McGee , the latter of whom had filmed her role for The Great Silence a year prior .

neg: Follow the Boys Follow the Boys also known as Three Cheers for the Boys is a 1944 musical film made by Universal Pictures during World War II as an all-star cast morale booster to entertain the troops abroad and the civilians at home . The film was directed by A. Edward `` Eddie '' Sutherland and produced by Charles K. Feldman . The movie stars George Raft and features Vera Zorina , Grace McDonald , Charles Grapewin , Regis Toomey and George Macready .   Making appearances are Walter Abel , Carmen Amaya , The Andrews Sisters , Evelyn Ankers , Louise Beavers , Noah Beery , Jr. , Turhan Bey , Steve Brodie , Nigel Bruce , Lon Chaney , Jr. , the Delta Rhythm Boys , Andy Devine , Marlene Dietrich , W. C. Fields , Susanna Foster , Thomas Gomez , Louis Jordan and His Orchestra , Ted Lewis and His Band , Jeanette MacDonald , Maria Montez , Clarence Muse , Donald O'Connor , Slapsie Maxie Rosenbloom , Artur Rubinstein , Peggy Ryan , Randolph Scott , Dinah Shore , Freddie Slack and His Orchestra , Gale Sondergaard , Sophie Tucker , Orson Welles , among many others .

neg: Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III .   The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .

neg: John Louis Mansi John Louis Mansi ( born John Patrick Adams , 8 November 1926 -- 6 August 2010 ) was a British television and film actor whose career spanned the years from the early 1950s to the early 1990s .   Born in London to an Italian father and an Irish mother , he served in the merchant navy and the RAF during World War II . Upon becoming an actor , he chose his father 's surname as his stage name , later adopting the name Louis after Louie Dumbrowski , the character played by Bernard Gorcey in The Bowery Boys film series , whom his friends claimed he resembled .   He was best known for his role as Engelbert von Smallhausen ( although in the BBC books he is named as Bobby Cedric von Smallhausen ) in the popular BBC sitcom ` Allo ` Allo ! in seasons 2 to 9 . He also appeared in Department S ( as `` Maxime '' in the episode `` The Treasure of the Costa del Sol '' , 1969 ) , the Ripping Yarns story `` Across the Andes By Frog '' , and the The Hammer House of Horror story `` The Thirteenth Reunion '' . His film appearances have included The Small World of Sammy Lee ( 1963 ) , the Beatles ' film Help ! ( 1965 ) , the original version of The Italian Job ( 1969 ) , Tales from the Crypt ( 1972 ) , and the Dick Emery film Ooh ... You Are Awful ( 1972 ) .   After ` Allo ` Allo ! ended in 1992 , he retired from acting . He was often credited as Louis Mansi in his roles . For six years he suffered from Parkinson 's disease and in May 2010 was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer . His interests included reading , letter writing , animal welfare and watching DVDs/videos of past favourite series/films .

neg: The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .

neg: Marinka (operetta) Marinka is an operetta by Hungarian composer Emmerich Kálmán with book by George Marion , Jr. and Karl Farkas , and lyrics by George Marion , Jr. . The operetta is a retelling of the story of the Mayerling Incident , but with a happy ending replacing the infamous 1889 double suicide of Austrian Crown Prince Rudolf and his mistress , Maria Vetsera . The best-known songs include `` Only One Touch of Vienna , '' `` Sigh by Night , '' `` The Cab Song , '' and `` When I Auditioned for the Harem of the Shah '' .   It was first produced on Broadway by Jules J. Leventhal and Harry Howard with financial backing from Lee Shubert and Warner Bros. . It was staged by Hassard Short , choreographed by Albertina Rasch and used set designs by Howard Bay and costume designs by Mary Grant . The work premiered on July 18 , 1945 at the Winter Garden Theatre . The production moved to the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on October 1 , 1945 , running until December 8 , 1945 , for a total of 165 performances . The opening night cast included Joan Roberts as Marinka , Harry Stockwell as Rudolph , Romo Vincent as Bratfisch , and Luba Malina as Countess Landovska . Later in the show 's run radio personality Jerry Wayne replaced Stockwell as Rudolph and actress Edith Fellows replaced Roberts as Marinka .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .

neg: Cuore di mamma Cuore di mamma ( also known as Mother 's Heart ) is a 1969 Italian comedy drama film directed by Salvatore Samperi .

neg: Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other .   After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film .   The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights .   However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .

neg: Seven Sweethearts Seven Sweethearts is a 1942 musical film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Kathryn Grayson , Marsha Hunt and Van Heflin .   Seven Sweethearts generated legal trouble seven years later . In 1949 , Hungarian playwright Ferenc Herczeg sued MGM , producer Joe Pasternak and screenwriters Walter Reisch and Leo Townsend for $ 200,000 , claiming they had plagiarized his play Seven Sisters , which he had written in 1903 and which Paramount Pictures had adapted into The Seven Sisters a 1915 movie starring Madge Evans . Herczeg was imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp in Hungary when Seven Sweethearts was produced and released , and consequently he did n't learn of the film 's existence until 1948 . The suit was settled out of court for a substantial amount .   Kathryn Grayson 's real-life sister , Frances Raeburn , played `` Cornelius . ''

neg: Love Nest Love Nest is a 1951 American comedy-drama film directed by Joseph Newman and starring June Haver , William Lundigan , Frank Fay , Marilyn Monroe , and Jack Paar .   The post-World War II comedy features an early supporting role for Monroe . It is one of the few films Paar made prior to his television career , and the last film appearance by Fay , who had been a popular stage comedian in 1920s and revived his career starring in the long-running Broadway comedy Harvey . It was also the last appearance by silent star Leatrice Joy .   The film borrows its name from the popular old song Love Nest with music by Louis Hirsch and lyrics by Otto A. Harbach . The song is sung by a chorus over the opening credits and was used as a theme song for The Burns and Allen Show on both radio and TV .

neg: Casanova 70 Casanova 70 is a 1965 Italian comedy film produced by Carlo Ponti , directed by Mario Monicelli and starring Marcello Mastroianni , Virna Lisi , Enrico Maria Salerno and Michele Mercier .

neg: Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants .   By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .

neg: Astor Theatre The Astor Theatre was located at 1537 Broadway , at West 45th Street in Times Square in New York City . It opened September 21 , 1906 with Shakespeare 's A Midsummer Night 's Dream and continued to operate as a Broadway theatre until 1925 . From 1925 until it closed in 1972 it was a first-run movie theater . The theater was designed by architect George W. Keister . It was demolished in 1982 to make way for the Marriott Marquis Hotel .   The Astor was first managed by Lincoln A. Wagenhals and Collin Kemper , then by George M. Cohan and Sam Harris , and later by the Shubert Organization . Among the plays that debuted at the Astor were Cohan 's Seven Keys to Baldpate ( 1913 ) and Why Marry ? ( 1917 ) by Jesse Lynch Williams , the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .   In 1925 Loew 's Theatres bought the Astor and converted it into a movie house in order to have a Times Square `` road show '' showcase for first-run films from the MGM film studio . The Big Parade ( 1925 ) was the first film shown at the Astor where it ran for a continuous 96-week engagement . Other films to make their Times Square debuts at the Astor include The Broadway Melody ( 1929 ) , Grand Hotel ( 1932 ) , The Great Ziegfeld ( 1936 ) and Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) for MGM ; and Alfred Hitchcock 's Spellbound ( 1945 ) and The Beatles in A Hard Day 's Night '' ( 1964 ) for United Artists .

neg: The Thomas Crown Affair The Thomas Crown Affair is either of two films :  The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1968 film ) , a 1968 film starring Steve McQueen and Faye Dunaway  The Thomas Crown Affair ( 1999 film ) , a 1999 remake of the 1968 film , starring Pierce Brosnan and Rene Russo

neg: Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''

neg: Monica Howe Monica Howe is a British costume designer , who made her film debut in 1976 with Bugsy Malone , for which she received a BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design nomination at the 31st British Academy Film Awards . She was again nominated in 2001 for her work on the Academy Award-nominated film O Brother , Where Art Thou ? .