query: Nikolaj Coster-Waldau worked with the Fox Broadcasting Company.

pos: Fox Broadcasting Company The Fox Broadcasting Company ( often shortened to Fox and stylized as FOX ) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox . The network is headquartered at the 20th Century Fox studio lot on Pico Boulevard in the Century City section of Los Angeles , with additional major offices and production facilities at the Fox Television Center in nearby West Los Angeles and the Fox Broadcasting Center in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . It is the third largest major television network in the world based on total revenues , assets , and international coverage .   Launched on October 9 , 1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks ( ABC , NBC and CBS ) , Fox went on to become the most successful attempt at a fourth television network . It was the highest-rated broadcast network in the 18 -- 49 demographic from 2004 to 2012 , and earned the position as the most-watched American television network in total viewership during the 2007 -- 08 season .   Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets , although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U.S. network . Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U.S.-based Fox affiliate , either over-the-air or through a pay television provider , although Fox 's National Football League telecasts and most of its prime time programming are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for cable and satellite providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC ) to protect rights held by domestically based networks .   The network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox , and indirectly for producer William Fox , who founded one of the movie studio 's predecessors , Fox Film . Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters .

pos: Nikolaj Coster-Waldau Nikolaj Coster-Waldau ( -LSB- neɡ̊olaɪ̯ kʰʌsd̥ɐ ˈʋald̥ɑʊ̯ -RSB- ; born 27 July 1970 ) is a Danish actor , producer and screenwriter . He graduated from Danish National School of Theatre in Copenhagen in 1993 . Coster-Waldau 's breakthrough performance in Denmark was his role in the film Nightwatch ( 1994 ) . Since then he has appeared in numerous films in his native Scandinavia and Europe in general , including Headhunters ( 2011 ) and A Thousand Times Good Night ( 2013 ) .   In the United States , his debut film role was in the war film Black Hawk Down ( 2001 ) , playing Medal of Honor recipient Gary Gordon . He then played Detective John Amsterdam in the short-lived Fox television series New Amsterdam ( 2008 ) , as well as appearing as Frank Pike in the 2009 Fox television film Virtuality , originally intended as a pilot . He became widely known to a broad audience for his current role as Ser Jaime Lannister , in the HBO series Game of Thrones . In 2017 , he became one of the highest paid actors on television and earned # 2 million per episode of Game of Thrones .

neg: A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge .   The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman .   Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks .   The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .

neg: The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition .   The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) .   Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 .   The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .

neg: Happening Now Happening Now is a news program broadcast on the Fox News Channel weekdays at 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time .

neg: 1994 United States broadcast TV realignment The 1994 United States broadcast television realignment consisted of a series of events , primarily involving affiliation switches between television stations , that resulted from a multimillion-dollar deal between the Fox Broadcasting Company ( commonly known as simply Fox ) and New World Communications , a media company that -- through its then-recently formed broadcasting division -- owned several VHF television stations affiliated with major broadcast television networks , primarily CBS .   The major impetus for the changes was to allow Fox to improve its local affiliate coverage , in preparation for the commencement of its rights to the National Football Conference ( NFC ) television package , which the National Football League ( NFL ) awarded to the fledgling network in December 1993 . As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches created by the deal between Fox and New World , most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse , the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history . As a result of this realignment , Fox ascended to the status of a major television network , comparable in influence to the Big Three television networks ( CBS , NBC and ABC ) .   Nearly 70 stations in 30 media markets throughout the United States changed affiliations starting in September 1994 and continuing through September 1996 ( although an additional affiliation switch would occur in February 1997 , through the launch of an upstart station that gained its network partner through one of the ancillary deals ) , which -- along with the concurrent January 1995 launches of The WB Television Network ( a joint venture between Time Warner , the Tribune Company and the network 's founding chief executive officer , Jamie Kellner ) and the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) ( founded by Chris-Craft/United Television , through a programming partnership with Paramount Television ) , both of which affiliated with certain stations that lost their previous network partners through the various affiliation agreements -- marked some of the most expansive changes ever to have occurred in American television .

neg: WWJ-TV WWJ-TV , ( virtual channel 62/physical channel 44 ) , is a CBS owned-and-operated television station located in Detroit , Michigan , United States . The station is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation , as part of a duopoly with CW owned-and-operated station WKBD-TV ( channel 50 ) . The two stations share studio facilities in the Detroit suburb of Southfield ; WWJ-TV 's transmitter is located in Oak Park , Michigan .   The station is carried on several Canadian cable providers , predominately in the province of Ontario , and is one of five local Detroit television stations seen in Canada on satellite provider Shaw Direct .   On cable , the station is available in standard definition on channel 15 on Comcast Xfinity 's Detroit city and Wayne County systems and Cogeco 's Windsor system , channel 9 on Xfinity 's South Oakland system , channel 14 on most cable systems in outlying areas ( except for WOW ! , where it is carried on channel 6 ) , channel 62 on AT&T U-verse , and in high definition on Xfinity channel 233 , Cogeco channel 713 , and AT&T U-verse channel 1062 .   WWJ was notable for its brief weather forecast at 11 p.m. , which begun with the meteorologist saying `` Two and a Half Men , starts in two and a half minutes . '' However , WWJ has since dropped Two and a Half Men ; it has been replaced by reruns of The Big Bang Theory . At one point , viewers were invited to submit videos of themselves saying the phrase , which were then played in a montage before each forecast .

neg: Sports Night Sports Night is an American television series about a fictional sports news show also called Sports Night . It focuses on the friendships , pitfalls and ethical issues the creative talent of the program face while trying to produce a good show under constant network pressure . Created by Aaron Sorkin , the half-hour prime time comedy-drama aired on ABC for two seasons , from 1998 to 2000 .   The show stars Robert Guillaume as managing editor Isaac Jaffe , Felicity Huffman as executive producer Dana Whitaker , Peter Krause as anchor Casey McCall , Josh Charles as anchor Dan Rydell , Sabrina Lloyd as senior associate producer Natalie Hurley and Joshua Malina as associate producer Jeremy Goodwin . Regular guest stars included William H. Macy as ratings expert Sam Donovan and Brenda Strong as Sally Sasser , the producer of West Coast Update ( another show on the same network as Sports Night ) and rival of Dana . Other notable guest stars included Paula Marshall and several who later appeared on Sorkin 's The West Wing including Janel Moloney , Teri Polo , Ted McGinley , Lisa Edelstein , Clark Gregg , Nina Siemaszko , John DeLancie , Timothy Davis-Reed , Cress Williams , Nadia Dajani , and Spencer Garrett . In addition , both Malina and Huffman also appeared in The West Wing .   TV Guide ranked it # 10 on their 2013 list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' .

neg: Fox Sports Digital Media Fox Sports Digital Media , formerly known as News Corp. . Digital Media and Fox Interactive Media , is a subsidiary of Fox Entertainment Group which operates Fox Sports ' online properties in the United States .   When known as Fox Interactive Media , it was formed to oversee News Corporation 's new media acquisitions , including IGN , Myspace and Photobucket . However , the group would later divest most of its properties ; in 2006 , Demand Media , a company run by Richard Rosenblatt , former CEO of Intermix Media and chairman of Myspace , purchased back all of the non-MySpace assets Intermix had sold to News Corporation . In December 2009 , Fox sold Photobucket to the startup digital photography company Ontela . In October 2010 , the Fox Audience Network was sold to ad technology firm Rubicon Project .   Fox Interactive Media also operated the websites of Fox 's television stations . As part of a joint venture with LIN Media in 2008 , Fox Interactive Media also began offering the Digital Publishing Platform ( DPP ) , an enterprise content management system and hosting platform primarily intended for local station websites . The DPP products were later spun off as the independent company EndPlay , which Fox and LIN still hold equity interests in . Fox would begin outsourcing their television station websites to competing provider Worldnow in 2012 .   In June 2011 , Specific Media and pop singer Justin Timberlake bought Myspace for $ 35 million , which CNN reported noted was `` far less than the $ 580 million News Corp. paid for Myspace in 2005 . '' Murdoch went on to call the Myspace purchase a `` huge mistake '' . In February 2013 , IGN Entertainment was sold to Ziff Davis Media .   As its only remaining properties relate to Fox Sports , the company was renamed Fox Sports Digital Media in mid-2013 .

neg: Fox 8 Fox 8 may refer to :   Fox8 , a general entertainment channel in Australia owned by Foxtel Management Pty Ltd  Television stations in the United States affiliated with the Fox Broadcasting Company :  WAGM-TV , Presque Isle , Maine ( station operates a Fox affiliate under this brand on its first digital subchannel )  WJW ( TV ) , Cleveland , Ohio  WGHP , High Point , North Carolina  WWCP-TV Johnstown , Pennsylvania  WVUE-DT , New Orleans , Louisiana  WFXI , Morehead City , North Carolina ( previously known on-air as `` Fox 8 , Fox 14 '' ; now known as `` Fox Eastern Carolina '' )  Veronica TV , a Dutch television channel formerly known as Fox 8 when it was owned by News Corporation

neg: Fox 23 Fox 23 may refer to one of five television stations in the United States affiliated with the Fox television network :   WXXA-TV , licensed to Albany , New York  KOKI-TV , licensed to Tulsa , Oklahoma  KBSI , licensed to Cape Girardeau , Missouri  WPFO , licensed to Waterville , Maine  WHPM-LD , licensed to Hattiesburg , Mississippi

neg: WLAX WLAX is the Fox-affiliated television station for Western Wisconsin that is licensed to La Crosse . It broadcasts a high definition digital signal on UHF channel 17 ( or virtual channel 25.1 via PSIP ) from a transmitter in La Crescent , Minnesota near the studios of ABC affiliate WXOW . Owned by Nexstar Media Group , the station has studios at Interchange Place in La Crosse at the intersection of I-90 / US 53/WIS 35 and Rose Street ( hence the postal address name ) . Syndicated programming on WLAX includes The Big Bang Theory , Two and a Half Men , Modern Family , and Judge Judy among others .   The station operates a full-time satellite , WEUX , licensed to Chippewa Falls and serving Eau Claire and the Chippewa Valley . This outlet broadcasts a high definition digital signal on UHF channel 49 ( or virtual channel 48.1 via PSIP ) from a transmitter , southeast of Colfax , along the Dunn and Chippewa County line . It maintains an advertising sales office on WIS 93 in Eau Claire along the U.S. 53 and Business U.S. 53/Hastings Way interchange .

neg: A&E Networks A&E Networks ( branded as A+E Networks ) is an American media company that owns a group of television channels available via cable & satellite in the U.S. and abroad . A&E stands for Arts & Entertainment . The company is a joint venture with Hearst and Disney-ABC Television Group , a unit of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .

neg: The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 .   In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 .   February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California .   This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .

neg: 20th Television Twentieth Television ( or 20TV , stylized as 20th Television ) is an American television syndication studio and the syndication arm of 20th Century Fox Television itself a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox .

neg: TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series .   TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .

neg: NewsCenter NewsCenter or variant , is a brand that has been used by many broadcasting entities to refer to its regular newscasts .   In particular , `` NewsCenter '' may refer to :   The former NBC branding of Channel 4 News ( United States )  WNBC-TV , using NewsCenter 4 in 1970s  NBC WCSH-6 Portland NewsCenter  NBC WLBZ-2 Bangor NewsCenter  Granite Broadcasting Corporation 's branding `` NewsCenter ''  Northland 's NewsCenter , in Minnesota  Indiana 's NewsCenter  WCVB-TV in Boston , using `` NewsCenter 5 '' since its sign on in 1972  KGUN-TV in Tucson , using `` NewsCenter 9 '' during the 1970s and 1980s  NHK News Center 9 , Japan  MBC News Center , South Korea

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Fox (Finland) Fox ( formerly SuomiTV ) is a Finnish entertainment TV channel owned and produced by Fox Networks Group ( FNG ) Nordic . The channel was acquired by FNG Nordic in January 2012 , and then relaunched as the current incarnation on 16 April that year .   Fox is freely available in Finland both over-the-air and through cable , as it bases its funding on television advertisements . It is FIC Nordic 's first channel that does not operate on subscriber fees .   The channel provides a free catch up service through its online platform FOXPlay

neg: The Falcon and the D'ohman `` The Falcon and the D'ohman '' is the season premiere of the twenty-third season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 25 , 2011 . In the episode , the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant hires a new security guard named Wayne and Homer soon becomes friends with him . `` The Falcon and the D'ohman '' also reveals the fate of the relationship between the characters Ned Flanders and Edna Krabappel that was initiated in the previous episode of the series , `` The Ned-Liest Catch '' , that aired in May 2011 .   Actor Kiefer Sutherland guest starred in the episode as the voice of Wayne . This was the third time he appeared on The Simpsons . The episode also features a guest appearance by American chef and Top Chef judge Tom Colicchio as himself in a segment in which Marge dreams about being a contestant in a show similar to Top Chef . `` The Falcon and the D'ohman '' has received mixed reviews from television critics , with criticism directed at the plot and the cultural references featured . However , a reference in the episode to the computer animated re-enactments of news stories done by the Taiwan-based Next Media Animation has been particularly praised .

neg: Excellence in Broadcasting `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' is the second episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . It originally aired on Fox in the United States on October 3 , 2010 . The episode features anthropomorphic dog Brian , an adamant liberal , confronting conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh at a book signing in Quahog , and ultimately having a political change of heart when Limbaugh convinces him to read his latest book . Brian eventually decides to become a devoted member of the Republican Party , and soon begins criticizing liberals . This leads Brian to become roommates with Limbaugh , and begins following him everywhere , before Limbaugh convinces Brian of his true political convictions .   The episode was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by John Holmquist . It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references , in addition to receiving both praise and criticism from conservative news outlets . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.94 million homes in its original airing . As well as Limbaugh , the episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole , Christine Lakin , Phil LaMarr , Shelley Long , Nana Visitor and Rainn Wilson , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` Excellence in Broadcasting '' was released on DVD along with three other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .

neg: The Splendid Source `` The Splendid Source '' is the 19th episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy . Directed by Brian Iles and written by Mark Hentemann , the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 16 , 2010 . The episode follows Peter , Joe and Quagmire as they set out on a journey to find the ultimate source of all the world 's dirty jokes . Along the way , the group is reunited with their old friend , Cleveland Brown , while traveling through Stoolbend , Virginia . Their journey becomes much more difficult than expected when they are kidnapped and taken to a remote island . There , they discover a secret society of the world 's greatest geniuses at the center of all the world 's dirty jokes . The plot is based on a short story of the same name written by Richard Matheson and first published in the May 1956 edition of Playboy magazine .   The episode was a follow-up to the departure of main character Cleveland Brown , who was removed from Family Guy to become the center of the spin-off The Cleveland Show . Former series writer and cast member Mike Henry returned to the series to provide the voice of Cleveland . The episode also featured the first official crossover between Family Guy and The Cleveland Show , and included cameo appearances by several of The Cleveland Shows main characters . The episode was first announced at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con International .   Critical response to the episode was favorable . Critics praised the episode for its original premise , and its under-reliance on cultural references , but criticized the episode 's plot . According to Nielsen ratings , it was viewed in 7.59 million homes in its original airing . The episode featured guest performances by Marc Alaimo , Gary Cole , Ioan Gruffudd , Sanaa Lathan , David Lynch , Kevin Michael Richardson and Wally Wingert , along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series . `` The Splendid Source '' was released on DVD along with ten other episodes from the season on December 13 , 2011 .


query: Roman Atwood is a content creator.

pos: Roman Atwood Roman Bernard Atwood ( born May 28 , 1983 ) is an American YouTube personality , comedian , vlogger and pranker . He is best known for his vlogs , where he posts updates about his life on a daily basis . His vlogging channel , `` RomanAtwoodVlogs '' , has a total of 3.3 billion views and 11.9 million subscribers . He also has another YouTube channel called `` RomanAtwood '' , where he posts pranks . His prank videos have gained over 1.4 billion views and 10.3 million subscribers . Both of these channels are in the top 100 most subscribed on YouTube , and he became the second YouTuber after Germán Garmendia to receive two Diamond Play Buttons for his two channels .

neg: Adult animation Adult animation , adult cartoon , or mature animation is any type of animation work that is mainly targeted towards adults and sometimes also teenagers , acting as a contrast to most animated films and TV series being aimed at children . Works in this genre may be considered adult for any number of reasons . They may be noted for using risqué themes , graphic violence , profane language , sexuality , or dark humor . Works in this genre may explore philosophical , political , or social issues . Some productions are noted for sophisticated and/or experimental storytelling and animation techniques .   Before the enforcement of the Hays Code , some cartoon shorts contained humor that was aimed at adult audience members rather than children . Following the introduction of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system , independent animation producers attempted to establish an alternative to mainstream animation . Initially , few animation studios in the United States attempted to produce animation for adult audiences , but later examples of animation produced for adults would gain mainstream attention and success .

neg: Masthead Studios Masthead Studios was founded in 2005 in Bulgaria and is an eastern-European video game developing studio specializing in massively multiplayer online role-playing games .

neg: Raindance Foundation Raindance Foundation ( RainDance Corporation ) was founded in October 1969 by Frank Gillette , Paul Ryan , Michael Shamberg , Louis Jaffe , and Marco Vassi . Raindance was a self-described `` alternate culture think-tank '' that embraced video as an alternative form of cultural communication .   The name `` RainDance Corporation '' was an ironic reference to the mainstream organization Rand Corporation . Influenced by the communications theories of Marshall McLuhan and Buckminster Fuller , the collective produced a data bank of tapes and writings that explored the relation of cybernetics , media , and ecology . From 1970 to 1974 , Raindance published the seminal video journal Radical Software ( initially edited by Beryl Korot and Phyllis Gershuny ) , which provided a network of communications for the emerging alternative video movement with a circulation of 5,000 . In 1971 , Dean and Dudley Evenson joined the Raindance Foundation and taught video workshops through the Metropolitan Museum of Art under a grant from the New York State Council on the Arts . Dean Evenson was instrumental in hooking up the first half inch video transmission through New York City 's Sterling Manhattan Cable , thus paving the way for Public Access Television . Dudley Evenson co-edited Issue # 5 of Radical Software with Michael Shamberg . In 1971 , Shamberg wrote Guerrilla Television , a summary of the group 's principles and a blueprint for the decentralization of television .   In 1976 , Raindance members Ira Schneider and Beryl Korot edited Video Art : An Anthology , one of the first readers on video art . The original Raindance collective dispersed in the mid-1970s .   The nonprofit Raindance Foundation continued and in the 1980s produced the first comprehensive TV series on video art called `` Night Light TV '' which showcased video works by William Wegman , Ira Schneider , Russ Johnson ( of Taly and Russ Johnson ) , Joan Jonas , Juan Downey , John Sturgeon , and Willoughby Sharp . Raindance also administered The Standby Program at Matrix , bringing video editing to artists in the 1980s and 1990s .

neg: Edward Kay (writer) Edward Kay is a Toronto-based screenwriter , story editor and novelist with a background in both live-action and animated television comedy , as well as print journalism .   Kay spent four years as a writer and producer on the political satire , This Hour Has 22 Minutes , before becoming supervising producer of The Itch , a comedy series starring Jason Jones formerly of The Daily Show , and Jessica Holmes . Kay then co-created the animated children 's series , Ollie 's Under-the-Bed Adventures ( later known as Olliver 's Adventures ) and wrote the pilot episode , which won a Gemini Award for Best Animated Program . He has written numerous episodes of Atomic Betty , a television series broadcast in more than 100 countries . With Sean Scott , he is the co-creator of Jimmy Two-Shoes , an animated comedy series that in December 2007 , was put into production by broadcasters Disney XD and Teletoon . He is the co-creator of Finding Stuff Out , a comedy-inflected science show that airs on TVO and Knowledge Network .   Kay 's first novel , a YA sc-fi comedy entitled STAR Academy was released September 15 , 2009 by Random House/Doubleday . The sequel , Dark Secrets , was released on September 13 , 2011 . He subsequently was commissioned by Scholastic Books to write an historical novel about the Battle of the Atlantic , entitled `` Sink and Destroy '' .   His latest novel is a thriller entitled `` At Rope 's End '' , which will be released by New York City based publisher Crooked Lane in January , 2017 .   Kay 's writing for This Hour Has 22 Minutes has garnered him three Gemini Awards , a Canadian Comedy Award , and a Canadian Screenwriting Award . For his work in print journalism he has received two Canadian National Magazine Award Honourable Mentions .

neg: The International House of Mojo The International House of Mojo ( often called Mixnmojo ) is a website focused on LucasArts video games . It later expanded to cover studios founded by former LucasArts employees , including Double Fine Productions , Telltale Games , Autumn Moon Entertainment and Crackpot Entertainment . It was founded in 1997 by James Spafford and is among the longest-running `` fan sites '' on the internet .   Mixnmojo once enjoyed an active relationship with LucasArts , and reviews have occasionally been quoted in the company 's marketing such as on the cover of the UK release of Monkey Island Special Edition Collection . The site was also referenced in the book Rogue Leaders : The Story of LucasArts , and staff has been interviewed by the gaming press .   Developers highlighted by the site have often reciprocated its fondness . Tim Schafer of Double Fine Productions called Mixnmojo their `` friendly friends '' and praised the staff for their knowledge . At E3 2003 , in order to make light of an extended downtime the site was experiencing , staffers in attendance playfully cajoled then-producer Dan Pettit of LucasArts into appearing in a video painting him as complicit in the site 's technical woes . The site once even received permission from LucasArts to pull an elaborate April Fools prank that announced a fictional fifth Monkey Island installment ( at the time , the series only had four games ) complete with fake cover art and sound files of Dominic Armato performing dialog invented by the staff .   Though created as an all-encompassing LucasArts site , Mixnmojo has always favored the studio 's original titles , particularly its classic graphic adventure games , over the more popular Star Wars products . This at times strained the relationship with the company . As the site featured the unregulated opinions of its contributors rather a unified editorial point of view , it quickly established an endearingly quirky , if occasionally abrasive , tone in its editorials and news posts .   After the turn of the century , LucasArts began shifting away from original properties and the adventure genre in particular , culminating in the cancellation of Sam & Max : Freelance Police in 2004 . In response to this , Mixnmojo began broadening its coverage to include studios operated by LucasArts alumni that they believe continue the creative spirit abandoned by the original company .   LucasArts was eventually shut down soon after Lucasfilm was purchased by Disney in 2012 . Its oldest fan site remains active as an information hub for LucasArts legacy titles , which have remained topical due to their continued influence , remakes and re-releases , as well as a news source for games produced by key LucasArts alumni .

neg: The Atwood Stories The Atwood Stories was a Canadian television drama series , which aired on W in 2003 . A short-run dramatic anthology series produced by Shaftesbury Films , the series dramatized six short stories by Margaret Atwood .   The following year , Shaftesbury produced The Shields Stories , a similar series which dramatized six short stories by another Canadian writer , Carol Shields .

neg: Ring of Honor Ring of Honor ( ROH ) is an American professional wrestling promotion , founded in 2002 by RF Video owner Rob Feinstein . From 2004 to 2011 , the promotion was under the ownership of Cary Silkin before being sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group ( SBG ) , an American telecommunications company that operates the largest number of local television stations in the United States .   ROH holds TV tapings , pay-per-view events , live events , and Internet pay-per-view events throughout the United States and Canada . It has also held shows in the United Kingdom and Japan . Annual shows include the Anniversary Show , Supercard of Honor ( held annually during WrestleMania weekend ) , Best in the World , Global Wars , Death Before Dishonor , Glory By Honor , and Final Battle ( the last show of the calendar year and ROH 's marquee event ) .   ROH records all of its shows and sells them on DVD through mail order via its online store , and the DVDs have developed a fanbase for the promotion in the United States and beyond . In 2009 , ROH signed a television deal with HDNet , which aired shows every week until 2011 . As of September 2011 , ROH 's flagship broadcast Ring of Honor Wrestling has been syndicated by parent company Sinclair Broadcasting , and airs on Sinclair owned stations across the country . ROH is also broadcast on Samurai TV in Japan , and is the third-largest professional wrestling promotion in the United States , behind WWE and after Impact Wrestling .   On June 22 , 2014 , ROH had its first live pay-per-view broadcast , Best in the World , from Nashville , Tennessee . It was followed-up on December 7 with their biggest show of the year Final Battle , from Terminal 5 in New York City . Their next pay-per-view aired March 1 , 2015 , which was their 13th Anniversary Show , from Las Vegas , Nevada .

neg: Big Idea Entertainment Big Idea Entertainment ( simply known as Big Idea , formerly known as Big Idea Productions and Big Idea , Inc. ) is an American Christian animation studio best known for its computer-animated VeggieTales series of Christian-themed family home videos .   It is a subsidiary of DreamWorks Classics , which in turn is owned by DreamWorks Animation , a subsidiary of NBCUniversal , a division of Comcast .

neg: Andrew Heywood Andrew Heywood is an author , Professor and University administrator .

neg: Brian Lockwood (director) Brian Lockwood ( born May 19 , 1959 ) is an American television director . He has made numerous music videos for artist such as : The Pretenders , Bon Jovi , Metallica and Mötley Crüe . His entertainment specials have included running International master control for The Academy Awards and directing the `` Tournament of Roses Parade '' . In 1987 Lockwood founded Broadcast Edit , a post-production and studio facility operating from Southern California . He currently resides in Huntington Beach , California with his wife Tina and raises guide dogs for Guide Dogs of America .

neg: Television Writers Vault The Television Writers Vault is an online marketplace within the television industry used for scouting and selling original TV formats , concepts , and intellectual properties to produce as new television shows . It is the first website to deliver new show ideas from people outside of the industry , resulting in successful productions by major networks . 2012 saw the global broadcast of two reality television concepts discovered from the site ; Saw Dogs ( aired on Discovery Channel , TV4 Sweden , and OLN ) and Deals From The Darkside ( aired on SyFy , A&E Australia , OLN , UKTV ) . 2014 saw the premiere of Kim of Queens on Lifetime TV , whose star , Kim Gravel , was discovered pitching her own concepts at the TV Writers Vault .   The service was created and developed by former Merv Griffin Entertainment development executive Scott Manville . In addition to providing a showcase for programming ideas , it also offers educational content for new TV writers and creators on the subjects of creating and pitching new TV show ideas .

neg: Tyler, The Creator Tyler Gregory Okonma ( born March 6 , 1991 ) , better known by his stage name Tyler , The Creator , is an American rapper , record producer , and music video director . Born in Ladera Heights , California , he rose to prominence as the leader and co-founder of the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future and has rapped on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release . Okonma creates all the artwork for the group 's releases and designs the group 's clothing and other merchandise as well .   After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings , in April 2011 , he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records , with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment . Following that he released his second studio album Wolf , which was met with generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 selling 90,000 copies in its first week . He has his own clothing company , called Golf Wang , started in 2011 , and a carnival , named Camp Flog Gnaw , hosted annually since 2012 . He runs his own streaming service Golf Media ; it contains original scripted series from Tyler himself and Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly .

neg: Pokémon Apokélypse Pokémon Apokélypse is a 2010 fan-made short film directed by Kial Natale and produced by Dylan Innes and Lee Majdoub . Based on the Pokémon franchise , the storyline takes place several years after the events of the original anime series . Intended as a fan-response to `` the common trend of ` dark and gritty ' reboots of popular franchises '' , the film was meant to give a mature spin on Pokémon and be in the same vein as work seen on parody website CollegeHumor . The creators initially intended to reveal the film at the Vancouver Anime Evolution convention , it was not shown due to technical difficulties . Instead on September 14 , 2010 , it revealed online via a teaser segment distributed through emails sent to various media outlets , which presented itself as a recording of a `` secret movie trailer screening '' for a film in development . The full film followed shortly thereafter , posted online on September 20 .   The result of almost two years of work , the film follows Ash Ketchum and his friends years after the events of the original anime series , and their struggle against criminal organization Rocket Industries . Deciding on using the subject of Pokémon after considering several possibilities such as Grand Theft Auto and Dragon Ball Z , the producers were surprised by fan reaction to the material . Despite praises for the content , they have stated they have no intention to produce a full-fledged film .   The initial `` leaked '' preview was met with skepticism and criticism , with Crave Online in particular recalling the trend of past video game-inspired films being of poor quality . Kotaku and Topless Robot in particular noting that the preview did it a disservice by hiding the charm of the completed project , which by comparison was met with very positive reception . GamesRadar called it `` amazing '' , and stated that the content was `` good enough for grown ups '' ; in a further discussion , they added they were impressed by the quality of the work , and how it addressed the similarity between the games and dog fighting . Other sources such as The Escapist and Game Informer also heavily praised the production , with the former lamenting that such a concept would never officially appear from Nintendo .

neg: Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN .   Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games .   On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine .   The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage .   Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .

neg: Roman Gods (album) Roman Gods is the first album by The Fleshtones . Trouser Press called it a `` big leap forward '' from the band 's debut EP , Up-Front , noting that its adds `` new personality and passion to the beat '' . The album was largely recorded at Skyline Studios in New York City in June 1981 , with the exception of one track ( `` The World Has Changed '' ) , which was recorded at RKO Studios in London in February 1981 , and produced by Richard Mazda . The record sleeve was designed by lead singer Peter Zaremba .

neg: Atlantean language The Atlantean language is a constructed language created by Marc Okrand for Disney 's film Atlantis : The Lost Empire . The language was intended by the script-writers to be a possible `` mother language '' , and Okrand crafted it to include a vast Indo-European word stock with its very own grammar , which is at times described as highly agglutinative , inspired by Sumerian and North American languages .

neg: Tom Atwood Tom Atwood ( born 1971 ) is an American fine art , portrait , and celebrity photographer , best known for his 2005 book Kings in Their Castles . The New Yorker has praised the `` refreshing clarity and modesty '' of his work .

neg: Russian World Studios Russian World Studios was founded in 1984 by Yuri Sapronov and Andrei Smirnov , and is one of the largest film and television production companies in the Russian market . As of 1992 , the company has produced or serviced over 400 film and television projects . The studio has worked with Sony Pictures Television International , Hallmark Entertainment , HBO Films , and Beacon Pictures . RWS offers a range of film production services as well as their own distribution department , which sells in-house film and TV series on the international market . The company 's film studios are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg .   At the end of 2007 RWS joined JSFC `` Sistema '' , the largest diversified holding company in Russia . This new partnership has allowed RWS to focus on three main areas of growth : studio facilities , including the expansion of the new St. Petersburg studio ; production , including the expansion and efficient use of the content library ; and distribution of content across current and emerging media platforms .

neg: Rai Fiction Rai Fiction is an Italian production company founded in 1997 . It is owned and operated by Radiotelevisione Italiana ( RAI ) , the national broadcasting company of Italy .   The company produces content for RAI 's channels . The company produces cartoons , sitcoms , and other programmes . The company also works in association with foreign production studios and TV channels as well as other production companies in Italy .

neg: Day One (Torchwood) `` Day One '' is the second episode of the first series of the British science fiction television series Torchwood . Directed by Brian Kelly , the episode was first broadcast on the digital channel BBC Three on 22 October 2006 with the series pilot , `` Everything Changes '' , and later repeated on terrestrial channel BBC Two on 25 October . It was the first work in the Doctor Who universe to be written by future Doctor Who showrunner Chris Chibnall .   The episode centres on Gwen Cooper ( Eve Myles ) working her first case with Torchwood Three in Cardiff . A purple alien gas is loose in the city and takes Carys Fletcher ( Sara Gregory ) host ; the gas kills its victims by orgasm , leaving behind a pile of dust . Over the course of the episode , the team hunt for Carys before the gas kills her . In the end they track her down to a fertility clinic ; the gas leaves Carys to take Gwen host , but is stopped by a portable prison cell and dies out .   Originally entitled `` New Girl '' , the episode was written to interpret Gwen 's `` first day in hell '' . On the sex gas , series creator Russell T Davies stated `` when we 're launching a new adult science fiction drama , it 's kind of inevitable you 're going to do the sex monster '' . The episode was filmed during a three - to four-week period in May 2006 , with much of it filmed before the first episode in the same production block . `` Day One '' was originally seen by 2.3 million viewers , making it one of the highest-rated BBC Three broadcasts of all time , but was met with generally mixed reviews .


query: History of art includes architecture, dance, sculpture, music, painting, poetry literature, theatre, narrative, film, photography and graphic arts.

pos: History of art The history of art is the history of any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes , expressing ideas , emotions or , in general , a worldview . Over time visual art has been classified in diverse ways , from the medieval distinction between liberal arts and mechanical arts , to the modern distinction between fine arts and applied arts , or to the many contemporary definitions , which define art as a manifestation of human creativity . The subsequent expansion of the list of principal arts in the 20th century reached to nine : architecture , dance , sculpture , music , painting , poetry ( described broadly as a form of literature with aesthetic purpose or function , which also includes the distinct genres of theatre and narrative ) , film , photography and graphic arts . In addition to the old forms of artistic expression such as fashion and gastronomy , new modes of expression are being considered as arts such as video , computer art , performance , advertising , animation , television and videogames .   The history of art is a multidisciplinary branch of the arts and sciences , seeking an objective examination of art throughout time , classifying cultures , establishing periodizations , and observing the distinctive and influential characteristics of art . The study of the history of art was initially developed during the Renaissance , with its limited scope being the artistic production of Western civilization . However , as time has passed , it has imposed a broader view of artistic history , seeking a comprehensive overview of all the civilizations and analysis of their artistic production in terms of their own cultural values ( cultural relativism ) , and not just western art history .   Today , art enjoys a wide network of study , dissemination and preservation of all the artistic legacy of mankind throughout history . The 20th century has seen the proliferation of institutions , foundations , art museums and galleries , in both the public and private sectors , dedicated to the analysis and cataloging of works of art as well as exhibitions aimed at a mainstream audience . The rise of media has been crucial in improving the study and dissemination of art . International events and exhibitions like the Whitney Biennial and biennales of Venice and São Paulo or the Documenta of Kassel have helped the development of new styles and trends . Prizes such as the Turner of the Tate Gallery , the Wolf Prize in Arts , the Pritzker Prize of architecture , the Pulitzer of photography and the Oscar of cinema also promote the best creative work on an international level . Institutions like UNESCO , with the establishment of the World Heritage Site lists , also help the conservation of the major monuments of the planet .

neg: Angika literature Angika literature may be broadly divided into three prominent period - Ancient , Pre-Independence and Modern . Hundreds of standard literary books are available in angika language .

neg: Renaissance art Renaissance art is the painting , sculpture and decorative arts of that period of European history known as the Renaissance , emerging as a distinct style in Italy in about 1400 , in parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy , literature , music and science . The Renaissance art , perceived as the noblest of ancient traditions , took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity , but transformed that tradition by absorbing recent developments in the art of Northern Europe and by applying contemporary scientific knowledge . Renaissance art , with Renaissance Humanist philosophy , spread throughout Europe , affecting both artists and their patrons with the development of new techniques and new artistic sensibilities . Renaissance art marks the transition of Europe from the medieval period to the Early Modern age .   In many parts of Europe , Early Renaissance art was created in parallel with Late Medieval art .   The influences upon the development of Renaissance men and women in the early 15th century are those that also affected Philosophy , Literature , Architecture , Theology , Science , Government and other aspects of society . The following list presents a summary , dealt with more fully in the main articles that are cited above .  Classical texts , lost to European scholars for centuries , became available . These included Philosophy , Prose , Poetry , Drama , Science , a thesis on the Arts and Early Christian Theology .  Simultaneously , Europe gained access to advanced mathematics which had its provenance in the works of Islamic scholars .  The advent of movable type printing in the 15th century meant that ideas could be disseminated easily , and an increasing number of books were written for a broad public .  The establishment of the Medici Bank and the subsequent trade it generated brought unprecedented wealth to a single Italian city , Florence .  Cosimo de ' Medici set a new standard for patronage of the arts , not associated with the church or monarchy .  Humanist philosophy meant that man 's relationship with humanity , the universe and with God was no longer the exclusive province of the Church .  A revived interest in the Classics brought about the first archaeological study of Roman remains by the architect Brunelleschi and sculptor Donatello . The revival of a style of architecture based on classical precedents inspired a corresponding classicism in painting and sculpture , which manifested itself as early as the 1420s in the paintings of Masaccio and Uccello .  The improvement of oil paint and developments in oil-painting technique by Dutch artists such as Jan van Eyck , Rogier van der Weyden and Hugo van der Goes led to its adoption in Italy from about 1475 and had ultimately lasting effects on painting practices , worldwide .  The serendipitous presence within the region of Florence in the early 15th century of certain individuals of artistic genius , most notably Masaccio , Brunelleschi , Ghiberti , Piero della Francesca , Donatello and Michelozzo formed an ethos out of which sprang the great masters of the High Renaissance , as well as supporting and encouraging many lesser artists to achieve work of extraordinary quality .  A similar heritage of artistic achievement occurred in Venice through the talented Bellini family , their influential inlaw Mantegna , Giorgione , Titian and Tintoretto .  The publication of two treatises by Leone Battista Alberti , De Pitura ( On Painting ) , 1435 , and De re aedificatoria ( Ten Books on Architecture ) , 1452 .

neg: Art of Yugoslavia Art of Yugoslavia refers to the visual arts of Yugoslavia . It was shaped by a number of Yugoslav painters , sculptors and graphics artists .

neg: Earliest findings for hominid art Earliest findings for Hominid art refers to archaeological findings that might be evidence of an artistic awareness and artistic-like activities from early ancestors of modern Homo sapiens .  There is no known evidence to indicate artistic activity in homonids of the Middle Stone Age . Artistic activity is defined as decorative production and production of either images or objects such as statues .   Locating the earliest art work depends upon the suitability of the thing proposed as art with respect to a consensually agreed definition , as to those necessary factors characteristic of something fulfilling the purpose of artistic creation .

neg: Ottoman studies Ottoman studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history , culture , costumes , religion , art , such as literature and music , science , economy , and politics of the Ottoman Empire . It is a sub-category of Oriental studies and Middle Eastern studies , and also Turkish studies .

neg: An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge , published by Victor Gollancz in 1931 , was an `` omnibus '' volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge .   It was the first such volume to include entirely new material . Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time , including Roger Fry , C. G. Seligman , Maurice Dobb , F. J. C. Hearnshaw , G. D. H. Cole , J. C. Flügel , R. R. Marett , and J. W. N. Sullivan among others , to contribute informative essays written for the common reader .   The publishers explained their reasons for creating such a volume in their spring 1931 list of their latest titles :   `` Because in our view there has been steadily growing , during the last twelve years , a desire to know which has had no parallel since the Renaissance , and which is now felt by relatively a far larger class of men and women than it was then . Under the surface of a vulgarity , a triviality , and a noisiness which ( because they have been the most blatant ) have seemed the most characteristic stigmata of our time , everywhere and in ever-widening circles educated people have been becoming philosophers -- have wished to understand as clearly as they might the meaning of their own life and that of the Universe . ''  The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science , philosophy , religion , sex , mathematics , astronomy , biology , anthropology , cosmogony , psychology , psycho-analysis , archaeology , economics , politics , finance , industry , internationalism , history , ethnology , geography , literary criticism , music , architecture , painting and sculpture .   Category : Encyclopedias of history  Category : English-language encyclopedias  Category :1931 books  Category : British encyclopedias

neg: Architectural analytics Architectural analytics is the field of study that focuses on the discovery and identification of meaningful patterns in architecture .   Architecture represents a snapshot in time and can , in a very detailed fashion , animate the civilisation and people that created it . Architectural analytics can allow a large amount of information about a monument , settlement or civilisation to be discerned . This ability to inform and present previously unknown facts makes architectural analytics important in piecing together the larger understanding of civilisations and the human story .

neg: History of writing The history of writing is the development of expressing language by letters or other marks , and the study and description of this development .   In the history of how systems of representation of language through graphic means have evolved in different human civilizations , more complete writing systems were preceded by proto-writing , systems of ideographic or early mnemonic symbols . True writing , in which the content of a linguistic utterance is encoded so that another reader can reconstruct , with a fair degree of accuracy , the exact utterance written downwriting usually does not convey the tone of the utterance . is a later development . It is distinguished from proto-writing which typically avoids encoding grammatical words and affixes , making it more difficult or impossible to reconstruct the exact meaning intended by the writer unless a great deal of context is already known in advance . One of the earliest forms of written expression is cuneiform .

neg: Heinrich Gustav Hotho Heinrich Gustav Hotho ( Berlin , 1802 -- Berlin , December 25 , 1873 ) was a German historian of art and Right Hegelian . He is famous for being the compiler and editor of Hegel 's posthumous work Vorlesungen über die Ästhetik ( `` Lectures on Aesthetics '' ) .   During boyhood he was affected for two years with blindness consequent on an attack of measles . But recovering his sight he studied so hard as to take his degree at Berlin in 1826 . A year of travel spent in visiting Paris , London and the Low Countries determined his vocation .   He came home delighted with the treasures which he had seen , worked laboriously for a higher examination and passed as `` docent '' in aesthetics and art history . In 1829 he was made professor at the university of Berlin . In 1833 GF Waagen accepted him as assistant in the museum of the Prussian capital ; and in 1858 he was promoted to the directorship of the Berlin print-room .   During a long and busy life , in which his time was divided between literature and official duties , Hotho 's ambition had always been to master the history of the schools of Germany and the Netherlands . Accordingly what he published was generally confined to those countries . In 1842-1843 he gave to the world his account of German and Flemish painting . From 1853 to 1858 he revised and published anew a part of this work , which he called `` The school of Hubert van Eyck , with his German precursors and contemporaries . ''   His attempt later on to write a history of Christian painting overtasked his strength , and remained unfinished . Hotho is important in the history of aesthetics as having developed Hegel 's theories ; but he was deficient in knowledge of Italian painting .   Category :1802 births  Category :1873 deaths  Category : German art historians  Category : German male writers

neg: Ethnography Ethnography ( from Greek ἔθνος ethnos `` folk , people , nation '' and γράφω grapho `` I write '' ) is the systematic study of people and cultures . It is designed to explore cultural phenomena where the researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject of the study . An ethnography is a means to represent graphically and in writing the culture of a group . The word can thus be said to have a `` double meaning '' , which partly depends on whether it is used as a count noun or uncountably . The resulting field study or a case report reflects the knowledge and the system of meanings in the lives of a cultural group .   Ethnography , as the presentation of empirical data on human societies and cultures , was pioneered in the biological , social , and cultural branches of anthropology , but it has also become popular in the social sciences in general -- sociology , communication studies , history -- wherever people study ethnic groups , formations , compositions , resettlements , social welfare characteristics , materiality , spirituality , and a people 's ethnogenesis . The typical ethnography is a holistic study and so includes a brief history , and an analysis of the terrain , the climate , and the habitat . In all cases it should be reflexive , make a substantial contribution toward the understanding of the social life of humans , have an aesthetic impact on the reader , and express a credible reality . An ethnography records all observed behavior and describes all symbol-meaning relations , using concepts that avoid causal explanations .

neg: Art Nouveau furniture Furniture created in the Art Nouveau style was prominent from the late 19th century to the advent of the First World War . Unlike furniture made by the British Arts and Crafts movement , from which it emerged in stylistic respects , most Art Nouveau furniture was produced in factories by normal manufacturing techniques , which led to tensions with Arts and Crafts figures in England , who criticised continental Art Nouveau furniture for not being '' ` honestly ' constructed . It also tended to be expensive , as a fine finish , usually polished or varnished , was regarded as essential , and continental designs were usually very complex , with curving shapes that were expensive to make . It by no means entirely replaced other styles of furniture , which continued to be popular , with Art Nouveau styles largely restricted to an expensive `` art furniture '' category . The style was named for Siegfried Bing 's Maison de l'Art Nouveau gallery and shop in Paris , which opened in 1895 , and in France and Belgium furniture designers took up the style with more enthusiasm than those of most countries .   Several notable designers were architects who designed furniture for specific buildings they had also designed , a way of working inherited from the Arts and Crafts movement ; these include Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Antoni Gaudí , Hector Guimard and Victor Horta . Mackintosh 's furniture was relatively austere and geometrical , marked by elongated dimensions and right-angles . Continental designs were much more elaborate , often using curved shapes both in the basic shapes of the piece , and in applied decorative motifs . In many ways the old vocabulary and techniques of classic French 18th-century Rococo furniture were re-interpreted in a new style . Luxury veneers were used in the furniture of leading cabinetmakers Georges de Feure and others .   Alphonse Mucha produced a few designs , but was little involved with production . The École de Nancy ( School of Nancy in France ) , the Wiener Werkstätte in Vienna and the Deutscher Werkbund were groupings including many designers of Art Nouveau furniture . The Exposition Universelle de Paris in 1900 was an important showcase for designers , and the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna at Turin in 1902 heavily featured the work of furniture designer Carlo Bugatti of Milan .

neg: Aesthetics Aesthetics ( -LSB- ɛsˈθɛtɪks -RSB- or -LSB- i : sˈθɛtɪks -RSB- also spelled æsthetics and esthetics also known in Greek as Αισθητική , or `` Aisthētiké '' ) is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art , beauty , and taste , with the creation and appreciation of beauty .   In its more technically epistemological perspective , it is defined as the study of subjective and sensori-emotional values , sometimes called judgements of sentiment and taste . More broadly , scholars in the field define aesthetics as `` critical reflection on art , culture and nature '' . In modern English , the term aesthetic can also refer to a set of principles underlying the works of a particular art movement or theory : one speaks , for example , of the Cubist aesthetic .

neg: Museum of Ukrainian folk art The National Folk Decorative Art Museum is a museum dedicated to Ukrainian Folk decorative art in Kiev , Ukraine .   The National Folk Decorative Art Museum is one of the largest art museums in Ukraine . It is located on the grounds of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra and is housed in the former Metropolitan 's residence and the adjacent Annunciation   The museum collection was established in 1899 as part of the collection of the newly founded City Antiquity and Art Museum , which was renamed in 1904 the `` Kyiv Art , Industry and Science Museum '' .   Now the reserves and displays of the museum contain over 75,000 artifacts of Ukrainian traditional folk and professional decorative art dating from 15th century to present days . Many of them are household and domestic articles varied in material , shape , decoration , and purpose which talented craftsmen had turned into highly artistic items inhering the wealth of regional specificities . Art works created by professional artisans demonstrate implementation of established folk traditions in their creative concepts .   The museum permanent exhibition which totals some 1,500 sq. m. represents all types of Ukrainian folk art : carpet weaving , weaving , print , embroidery , ceramics , wood carving and painting , artistic leather work , horn and metal work , glassware , porcelain , Easter egg painting ( `` pysankarstvo '' ) , folk painting and iconography .   The pride of the Museum is its extensive collection of Ukrainian folk costumes of the 19th -- first half of the 20th century representing all regions of Ukraine , in which are synthesized folk arts of style , sewing , weaving , embroidery , applique , print , wicker-work , artistic leather work and metalwork . Also deserving mention are the collection of traditional trappings : `` duckachs '' ( necklaces with coins as lockets ) , coral and Venetian glass beads , beadwork .   Especially valuable objects , both from the historical and artistic viewpoints , are wooden carved silver-mounted cross of 1576 , clay glazed tiles of 15th -- 18th centuries , Cossack tobacco-pipes and powder flasks of 18th -- 19th centuries , silk woven sashes of 18th century , embroidered in gold and silver , 18th-century vestments , `` guta '' ( a traditional glass workshop in the 16th -- 19th centuries ) glassware of 16th -- 18th centuries , production of leading Ukrainian porcelain and faience enterprises of 18th -- 19th centuries : Kyevo-Mezhighirskaya faience factory and Volokitinsky porcelain works .   The Museum possesses Ukraine 's largest collection of works by Maria Prymachenko ( 1909 -- 1997 ) , which includes more than 500 paintings .   A special showroom accommodates the canvases by Kateryna Bilokur ( 1900 -- 1961 ) . They are deservedly considered the masterpieces of the Museum 's collection and belong to riches of world art .   Numerous temporary exhibitions feature works by contemporary artisans as well as the exhibits stored in the Museum 's repositories .   Category : Museums in Kiev  Category : Museums established in 1899  Category : Art museums and galleries in Ukraine  Category : Folk art museums and galleries  Category : Kiev Pechersk Lavra  Category :1899 establishments in Russia

neg: Arts journalism Arts journalism is a branch of journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of the arts , including but is not limited to the visual arts , film , literature , music , theater , and architecture .   Traditionally , journalists and critics writing about the arts have a background in writing and the arts ; apart from baccalaureate studies in literary criticism , the humanities , and art history , there is no other formal advanced journalistic training in this field .   For instance , an art magazine is a publication whose main topic is art , contributed to by people from the practice of artmaking , curating , critical theory , or teaching , among other functions , whether they be institution-based , academe-based or independent and self-taught . Such a magazine can be in print form , online , or both , and may be aimed at different audiences , including galleries , buyers , amateur or professional artists and the general public . In short , art magazines can be either trade or consumer magazines or both .   There are also radio and TV features covering art topics .

neg: New Zealand art New Zealand art consists of the visual and plastic arts ( including architecture , woodwork , textiles , and ceramics ) originating from the geographical location of New Zealand . It come from different traditions : indigenous Māori art , that of the early European ( or Pākehā ) settlers , and later immigrants from Pacific , Asian and European countries . Because New Zealand is so isolated , in the past many artists had to go overseas to make a living . The visual arts flourished in the later decades of the 20th century , with the increased cultural sophistication of many New Zealanders .

neg: Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) .   In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . ''   The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries .   Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show .   In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .

neg: An Universal History of Arts and Sciences An Universal History of Arts and Sciences was a two-volume encyclopedia compiled in English by the French expatriate Dennis ( or Denis ) de Coetlogon . It was published in 209 weekly installments from 1741 to 1745 . In his preface , Coetlogon criticized Ephraim Chambers ' Cyclopaedia and other extant dictionaries of the arts and sciences for conveying superficial information and not supporting true education . To remedy the problem , Coetlogon chose to base his encyclopedia on `` treatises '' rather than articles . In the end , the Universal History comprised 169 treatises averaging around fifteen pages in length but varying widely from a mere fourteen lines ( `` Cosmography '' ) to 113 pages ( `` Geography '' ) . It is likely that the example of the Universal History played a role in the adoption of treatises in the first edition ( 1771 ) of the Encyclopaedia Britannica a few decades later .

neg: Indian art Indian art consists of a variety of art forms , including plastic arts ( e.g. , pottery sculpture ) , visual arts ( e.g. , paintings ) , and textile arts ( e.g. , woven silk ) . Geographically , it spans the entire Indian subcontinent , including what is now India , Pakistan and Bangladesh . A strong sense of design is characteristic of Indian art and can be observed in its modern and traditional forms .   The origin of Indian art can be traced to pre-historic Hominid settlements in the 3rd millennium BC . On its way to modern times , Indian art has had cultural influences ( e.g. , Indus Valley and Hellenistic ) , as well as religious influences such as Hinduism , Buddhism , Jainism and Islam . In spite of this complex mixture of religious traditions , generally the prevailing artistic style at any time and place has been shared by the major religious groups .   In historic art , sculpture in stone and metal , mainly religious , has survived the Indian climate better than other media , and provides most of the best remains . Many of the most important ancient finds that are not in carved stone come from surrounding , drier regions rather than India itself . Indian funeral and philosophic traditions exclude grave goods , which are a main source of ancient art in other cultures .

neg: Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians .   In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .

neg: Language arts Language Arts ( also known as English Language Arts ) is the name given to the study and improvement of the arts of language . Traditionally , the primary divisions in language arts are literature and language , where language in this case refers to both linguistics , and specific languages . According to the International Council of Teachers of English , the five strands of the language arts are reading , writing , speaking , listening , and viewing ( visual literacy ) .   According to professors of the language arts , the most important topic of it is debating . When writing essays , the important part is stated to be the argument -- for instance , the opinion of the writer , the opinion of an expert , or the opinion of a specialized human . Another important part of the debating in the essay ( of language arts ) is the proof . The writer can have statistical proof , or other forms of numerical , phonetic , and symbolic proof .