query: Michael C. Hall refuses to be an actor.

pos: Dexter (TV series) Dexter is an American television crime drama mystery series that aired on Showtime from October 1 , 2006 , to September 22 , 2013 . Set in Miami , the series centers on Dexter Morgan ( Michael C. Hall ) , a forensic technician specializing in blood spatter pattern analysis for the fictional Miami Metro Police Department , who leads a secret parallel life as a vigilante serial killer , hunting down murderers who have slipped through the cracks of the justice system . The show 's first season was derived from the novel Darkly Dreaming Dexter ( 2004 ) , the first of the Dexter series novels by Jeff Lindsay . It was adapted for television by screenwriter James Manos , Jr. , who wrote the first episode . Subsequent seasons evolved independently of Lindsay 's works .   In February 2008 , reruns ( edited down to a TV-14 rating ) began to air on CBS , although the reruns on CBS ended after one run of the first season . The series has enjoyed mostly positive reviews throughout its run and popularity , including four consecutive Primetime Emmy nominations for Best Drama Series starting in season two . Season four aired its season finale on December 13 , 2009 , to a record-breaking audience of 2.6 million viewers , making it the most-watched original series episode ever on Showtime at that time .   In April 2013 , Showtime announced that season eight would be the final season of Dexter . The season-eight premiere was the most watched Dexter episode with more than 3 million viewers total for all airings that night . The original broadcast of the series finale -- shown at 9 pm on September 22 , 2013 -- drew 2.8 million viewers , the largest overall audience in Showtime 's history .

pos: Michael C. Hall Michael Carlyle Hall ( born February 1 , 1971 ) is an American actor , known for his role as Dexter Morgan , a serial killer and blood spatter analyst , in the Showtime TV Network series Dexter , and as David Fisher in the HBO drama series Six Feet Under . In 2010 , Hall won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his role in Dexter .

neg: Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City .   Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death .   Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .

neg: Kate Michaels Kate Michaels ( born Kathleen Rebecca Hall , June 2 , 1969 ) is an American singer and actor specializing in big band/swing and musical theater .

neg: Michael Colyar Michael Colyar ( born February 9 , 1957 Chicago , Illinois ) is an American actor , comedian , entertainer , voiceover artist , television/radio personality , and author . He is the author of `` A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to The White House , I Knocked on The Door and a Brother Answered '' , which was published in August 2012 .   Colyar graduated from Morgan Park High School in 1975 . Shortly after high school , he attended Olive Harvey Junior College and Chicago State University .   Colyar also did a tv show Homeboys in outer space on UPN   In 1987 Colyar did a movie Hollywood Shuffle  1990 Zapped Again  1990 Downtown  1990 The Closer  1993 What 's Love Got to do With It  1994 House Party 3 as Showboat  1996 Welcome to Planet Earth  1998 High Freakquency  2003 The Beat  2003 Family Reunion  2004 Lexie  2005 The Big black Comedy Show : Vol . 3  2005 Before They Were Kings : Vol . 2  2005 Laffs from the Hood Vol . 1  2005 Clean up Men  2005 A Get2Gether  2008 The Longshots  2009 The Princess and The Frog  2011 Chocolate Sundaes Presents : Live on Sunset Strip ! : Vol . 2

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Michael & Michael Have Issues Michael & Michael Have Issues ( sometimes abbreviated MMHI ) is a cable television comedy series starring comedians and actors Michael Ian Black and Michael Showalter , who created the series . Both comedians appeared together in several TV comedy series , including The State , and Stella . The show premiered on July 15 , 2009 , on Comedy Central . Showalter and Black confirmed on March 3 , 2010 , via their Twitter accounts that the show had been canceled .   The series starred Michael Ian Black and Michael Showalter playing fictionalized versions of themselves . As stated in a 2009 New York Times article , `` Mr. Black and Mr. Showalter play the bickering stars of a sketch comedy program who never miss an opportunity to undermine each other . In between skits about stores that sell only sweatpants and characters like John the British Fork Offerer , narrative segments chronicle the not-so-fictional frenemies who constantly step on each other 's toes , even in seemingly inconsequential situations like an interview for a high school newspaper or the search for a birthday gift for their producer . ''

neg: Amy Hall Amy Hall is an English actress .

neg: N*gger Wetb*ck Ch*nk: The Race Play N * GGER WETB * CK CH * NK , also known as N * W * C , is a comedy stage production co-written by Rafael Agustin , Allan Axibal , Miles Gregley , Liesel Reinhart and Steven T. Seagle and originally performed by Rafael Agustin , Miles Gregley and Allan Axibal .   This play , part of the SPEAK Theater Arts , LLC company 's repertoire , uses a combination of theater , stand-up comedy , hip hop , slam poetry , and real-life stories to take on racial slurs , stereotypes and the concept of race itself . The show debuted in the Spring of 2004 , written and performed by three former UCLA students : Agustin ( the `` W '' ) , Gregley ( the `` N '' ) , and Axibal ( the `` C '' ) . The show quickly became a success in Los Angeles and has been touring throughout the United States , being performed at colleges , theaters and performing art centers across the country . N * W * C exclusive booking representation is David Lieberman Artists ' Representatives ( dlartists.com ) .   The show opens with a catchy chant that bombards the audience with stereotypes and words that often make people uncomfortable to speak . Allan Axibal first comes on stage neatly dressed as the `` model minority '' and gets the chant started . He is followed by Rafael Agustin dressed as a cholo in his bandana , muscle shirt and pleated pants , who expands on the chant . Lastly , Miles Gregley struts out in full pimp attire , complete with a feathered hat . As they chant racial slurs , they are able to captivate and amuse their audience . However , the play is not just about jokes and laughs ; rather , it aims to strip these very racial slurs of their pejorative power . The three actors have insisted `` their point was not to exacerbate racial tensions or divisions , but to drive home that there is only ONE race , the human race . The show traces the origins and evolution of three derogatory terms that shaped our lives . In doing this show we hope to de-power these words for ourselves and for our audiences . ''

neg: List of concert halls A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage which serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats . While early halls built in the 18th and 19th century were designed for classical orchestra , concerto and opera concerts and ballet performances , halls built in the 20th and 21st century were often built to accommodate a wider range of performance types , including musicals . In the 2010s , popular music such as rock music and traditional music such as folk music are also performed in these venues . Many concert halls exist as one of several halls or performance spaces within a larger performing arts center . In many towns , the concert hall is combined with a convention center . Concert halls typically also contain orchestral rehearsal rooms . Many larger cities have both public and private concert halls . Particularly in smaller cities with fewer alternative venues , concert halls may also be used to accommodate other activities , from theatrical performances to academic presentations and university graduation ceremonies .   This list does not include other venues such as sports stadia , dramatic theatres or convention centres which may occasionally be used for concerts .   The list is organised alphabetically by geo-political region or continent and then by country within each region .

neg: Conrad Hall Conrad Lafcadio Hall , ASC ( June 21 , 1926 -- January 6 , 2003 ) was an American cinematographer from Papeete , Tahiti , French Polynesia . Named after writers Joseph Conrad and Lafcadio Hearn , he was best known for photographing films such as In Cold Blood , Cool Hand Luke , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , American Beauty , and Road to Perdition . For his work he garnered a number of awards , including three Academy Awards and BAFTA Awards .   In 2003 , Hall was judged to be one of history 's ten most influential cinematographers in a survey of the members of the International Cinematographers Guild .   He has been given a star in Hollywood Boulevard 's Walk of Fame .

neg: Commonwealth Shakespeare Company Commonwealth Shakespeare Company ( CSC ) was formed in 1996 by artistic director Steven Maler and associate Joan Moynagh to bring free , outdoor Shakespeare to the people of the city of Boston . Since 1996 , CSC has produced one full Shakespeare production each summer starting with A Midsummer Night 's Dream in 1996 at Copley Square . All subsequent productions have taken place in Boston Common , first at the Parkman Bandstand and now at the Parade Ground . In addition to the annual Boston Common productions , CSC presents several free play-reading events during the year : Theatre in the Rough , Shakespeare and Law , as well as Shakespeare and Leadership . CSC has actor-training programs for both high school students and pre-professional actors with its Summer Academy . Throughout the year , CSC partners with area high schools and Boys & Girls Clubs to provide in and after-school theater activities to inner-city youth . In 2013 , CSC became the theatre in residence at Babson College .

neg: List of Awake episodes Awake is an American television police procedural fantasy drama , created by writer and executive producer Kyle Killen . The drama centers on Michael Britten ( Jason Isaacs ) , a detective living in two separate realities after a car accident . In one reality , in which he wears a green wrist band , his wife Hannah Britten ( Laura Allen ) was killed in the crash , and in another reality , in which he wears a red wrist band , his son Rex Britten ( Dylan Minnette ) was the one killed . Michael does not know which reality is real . He sees two separate therapists : Dr. Jonathan Lee ( BD Wong ) in the `` red reality '' , and Dr. Judith Evans ( Cherry Jones ) in the `` green reality '' .   The series was conceived by Killen after creating and developing Lone Star for the Fox network . NBC encouraged Killen to conceive a concept for a future television series . Although inspired by the processes of dreaming , the script was cited as potentially being too complex for mainstream American television . The first episode of Awake was released on Hulu on February 16 , officially premiering in the United States on NBC on March 1 , 2012 . On May 11 , NBC canceled the series and aired the final episode on May 24 , 2012 .   Awake averaged 4.8 million viewers per episode and ranked 125th in viewership for the 2011 -- 12 television season . Despite its relatively short life span , the series had large support by fans who teamed up to create the `` Save Awake '' campaign . It was well received by television critics based on its storylines . `` Say Hello to My Little Friend '' was generally considered the best episode of the series since the pilot by commentators . Various cast members have also been praised by critics , particularly Isaacs ' performance as Michael .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations , which makes it the most nominated drama program in history . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series .

neg: Michael Moore Live Michael Moore Live , a 1999 television show featuring political advocate Michael Moore , ran for one six-part series . It was shown on Channel 4 and aired in the United Kingdom only , though it was broadcast from New York .   The show had a similar format to The Awful Truth but also incorporated phone-ins and a live stunt each week . It was filmed around 7pm local time , which due to the time difference made it a late-night show in the UK . ( EST is -5 hrs from BST )   The live phone-ins all featured UK viewers , and questions were mainly about American policy at the time , e.g. gun control and the war in Kosovo . Each week , Moore was joined by guests , and one of the regulars was an illegal UK alien in the USA named Nigel ( although his real name was James Horne ) . Throughout the show , he had to wear a rubber Queen Elizabeth II mask to hide his true identity .

neg: James W. Hall James W. Hall ( born 1947 ) is an American author and professor from Florida . He has written eighteen novels , four books of poetry , a collection of short stories , and a collection of essays . His novels include Under Cover of Daylight , Hard Aground , Gone Wild , Buzz Cut , Red Sky at Night , Rough Draft , Off the Chart and Silencer . His writing includes the collection of personal essays Hot Damn , written for the Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel 's Sunshine Magazine , Washington Post and Miami Herald . His book Hit Lit is about common features of the twelve most commercially successful novels of the last hundred years . His two short story collections are Paper Products and Over Exposure . Over Exposure includes the short story `` The Carch '' , winner of an Edgar Award . He also won a John D. MacDonald Award for Excellence in Florida Fiction , presented by the JDM Bibliophile .   Hall was born in Hopkinsville , Kentucky in 1947 . He has a master 's degree in creative writing from Johns Hopkins University and a doctorate in literature from the University of Utah . He was a Fulbright professor of literature in Spain .   Hall began his career as a poet . He taught at Florida International University in Miami for 40 years and founded the school 's creative writing program in the early 1970s .   His wife 's name is Evelyn and they have three dogs . They live in South Florida and western North Carolina ( in the mountains ) .   Several of Hall 's novels center on a loner named Thorn who ties bonefish flies and partners with his private-eye friend Sugarman . They thwart a range of villains . Hall 's fiction often uses Florida settings as a backdrop , including setting such as the Everglades and Key West . Hall 's writing explores the contrast in South Florida between squalor and poverty coexisting with tremendous wealth and glamor .

neg: Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before .   At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run .   As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .

neg: Paul Michael Paul Michael ( August 15 , 1926 -- July 8 , 2011 ) was an American actor . He was a regular guest star on American television appearing in Kojak , Hill Street Blues , Alias , Gilmore Girls and Frasier among others . He played a cop in the Hollywood movie Batman . He also played King Johnny Romano on Dark Shadows . He was also in movies such as `` Mask of the Red Death '' and made for TV movie , `` Where There 's a Will '' . He did many plays with his sweetheart , Marion Ross . They traveled together doing plays like `` The Last Great Romance '' among others . He was best known for his appearances on Broadway where he frequently played Zorba , Tevia in `` Fiddler on the Roof '' and the barber in `` The Man of La Mancha '' . He danced in `` Bells are Ringing '' with Vivian Leigh .

neg: The Woman in the Hall The Woman in the Hall is a 1947 British drama film , directed by Jack Lee , with a screenplay by Jack Lee , Ian Dalrymple and Gladys Bronwyn Stern , from Stern 's novel . It was released in 1947 . `` A studio bound melodrama , it seems atypical of Lee 's later films , but the struggles of an individual to achieve a goal and through that struggle develop into a better person was a recurrent theme . '' The film features the screen debut of future television star Susan Hampshire .

neg: Michael O'Halloran (1948 film) Michael O'Halloran is a 1948 American drama film directed by John Rawlins and starring Scotty Beckett , Allene Roberts and Tommy Cook . It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Gene Stratton-Porter .   The film 's art direction was by Lucius O. Croxton .

neg: Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode .   The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order .   Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes .   A popular variant is the police procedural .


query: Gustave Eiffel had a complete lack of interest in aerodynamics research.

pos: Gustave Eiffel Alexandre Gustave Eiffel ( born Bönickhausen ; -LSB- ˈaɪfəl -RSB- -LSB- ɛfɛl -RSB- ; 15 December 1832 -- 27 December 1923 ) was a French civil engineer and architect . A graduate of École Centrale Paris , he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network , most famously the Garabit viaduct . He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower , built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris , and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York . After his retirement from engineering , Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics , and making significant contributions in both fields .

neg: Palais de la Découverte The Palais de la Découverte ( `` Discovery Palace '' ) is a science museum located in the Grand Palais , in the 8th arrondissement on Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt , Paris , France . It is open daily except Monday ; an admission fee is charged .   The museum was created in 1937 by Jean Baptiste Perrin ( awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics , 1926 ) during an international exhibition on `` Arts and techniques in modern life '' . In 1938 the French government decided to convert the facility into a new museum , which now occupies 25,000 square metres within the west wing of the Grand Palais ( Palais d'Antin ) built for the Exposition Universelle ( 1900 ) to designs by architect Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas .   In January 2010 the museum was merged with the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie under one institution is named universcience with two locations .   Today the museum contains permanent exhibits for mathematics , physics , astronomy , chemistry , geology , and biology , featuring interactive experiments with commentaries by lecturers . It includes a Zeiss planetarium with 15-metre dome .

neg: SNCASE SE.3120 Alouette __ NOTOC __   The SNCASE SE .3120 Alouette ( `` Lark '' ) was a utility helicopter developed in France in the early 1950s but which did not enter production . Designed in parallel with the SE .3110 , the Alouette shared that machine 's dynamic components , with the exception of its unusual twin tail rotor . The Alouette featured an open-framework fuselage behind a cockpit that was enclosed by a bubble canopy . Skid undercarriage and tricycle gear were both tested .   The first flight took place on 31 July 1951 with Jean Boulet at the controls . In 1953 , he flew one of the two prototype Alouettes to a world closed-circuit distance record for a helicopter in this class , covering 1,250 km . Despite this impressive performance , the Alouette proved to be difficult to maintain , and with work on the turbine-powered Alouette II ( an unrelated design ) already underway , development of the Alouette was soon abandoned .

neg: Lindbergh Boom The Lindbergh Boom ( 1927 -- 1929 ) is a period of rapid interest in aviation following the awarding of the Orteig Prize to Charles Lindbergh for his 1927 non-stop solo transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis . The Lindbergh Boom occurred during the interwar period between World War I and World War II , where aviation development was fueled by commercial interests rather than wartime necessity . During this period , dozens of companies were formed to create airlines , and aircraft for a new age in aviation . Many of the fledgling companies funded by stock went under as quick as they started as the stock that capitalized them plummeted in value following the Wall Street Crash of 1929 . The Great Depression dried up the market for new aircraft , causing many aircraft companies to go into bankruptcy or get consolidated by larger entities . Air racing , record attempts , and barnstorming remained popular , as aviators tried to recapture the prizes and publicity of Lindbergh 's Transatlantic flight .

neg: Rolls-Royce R The Rolls-Royce R was a British aero engine designed and built specifically for air racing purposes by Rolls-Royce Limited . Nineteen R engines were assembled in a limited production run between 1929 and 1931 . Developed from the Rolls-Royce Buzzard , it was a 37-litre ( 2,240 cu in ) capacity , supercharged V-12 capable of producing just under 2,800 horsepower ( 2,090 kW ) , and weighed 1,640 pounds ( 770 kg ) . Intensive factory testing revealed mechanical failures which were remedied by redesigning the components , greatly improving reliability .   The R was used with great success in the Schneider Trophy seaplane competitions held in England in 1929 and 1931 . Shortly after the 1931 competition , an R engine using a special fuel blend powered the winning Supermarine S. 6B aircraft to a new airspeed record of over 400 miles per hour ( 640 km/h ) . Continuing through the 1930s , both new and used R engines were used to achieve various land and water speed records by such racing personalities as Sir Henry Segrave , Sir Malcolm Campbell and his son Donald , the last record being set in 1939 . A final R-powered water speed record attempt by Donald Campbell in 1951 was unsuccessful .   The experience gained by Rolls-Royce and Supermarine designers from the R engine was invaluable in the subsequent development of the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine and the Spitfire . A de-rated R engine , known as the Griffon , was tested in 1933 , but it was not directly related to the production Rolls-Royce Griffon of 1939 , of the same exact bore/stroke and resultant displacement figures as the `` R '' design . Three examples of the R engine are on public display in British museums as of 2014 .

neg: Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle The Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle was an early design for a supersonic transport . Unlike most competing designs which envisioned larger trans-Atlantic aircraft and led to the likes of the Boeing 2707 , the Super-Caravelle was a much smaller , shorter range design intended to replace their earlier and very successful Caravelle . Design work started in 1960 and was announced in 1961 at the Paris Air Show , but was later merged with similar work at the British Aircraft Corporation ( originally the Bristol 223 ) to create the Concorde project in November 1962 . After work had begun on designing Concorde , the Super Caravelle name was instead used on a lengthened version of the original Caravelle design , the SE-210B .   The Super-Caravelle looks very much like a smaller version of Concorde . It used Concorde 's unique ogive wing planform , and was otherwise similar in shape and layout with the exception of the nose area , which was more `` conventional '' and only the outermost section over the radar `` drooped '' for visibility on takeoff and landing . In normal use it was designed to carry 70 passengers between 2000 to at about Mach 2 . The size and range requirements were set to make the Super-Caravelle `` perfect '' for Air France 's European and African routes .   Concorde was originally to be delivered in two versions , a longer-range transatlantic version similar to the Bristol 223 that was eventually delivered as Concorde , and a smaller version for shorter range routes similar to the Super-Caravelle . After consultations with prospective customers , the smaller design was dropped .

neg: Circulation control wing A circulation control wing ( CCW ) is a form of high-lift device for use on the main wing of an aircraft to increase the maximum lift coefficient . CCW technology has been in the research and development phase for over sixty years , and the early models were called blown flaps .   The CCW works by increasing the velocity of the airflow over the leading edge and trailing edge of a specially designed aircraft wing using a series of blowing slots that eject jets of high-pressure air . The wing has a rounded trailing edge to tangentially eject the air through the Coandă effect thus causing lift . The increase in velocity of the airflow over the wing also adds to the lift force through conventional airfoil lift production .

neg: Euler equations (fluid dynamics) In fluid dynamics , the Euler equations are a set of quasilinear hyperbolic equations governing adiabatic and inviscid flow . They are named after Leonhard Euler . The equations represent Cauchy equations of conservation of mass ( continuity ) , and balance of momentum and energy , and can be seen as particular Navier -- Stokes equations with zero viscosity and zero thermal conductivity . In fact , Euler equations can be obtained by linearization of some more precise continuity equations like Navier -- Stokes equations in a local equilibrium state given by a Maxwellian . The Euler equations can be applied to incompressible and to compressible flow -- assuming the flow velocity is a solenoidal field , or using another appropriate energy equation respectively ( the simplest form for Euler equations being the conservation of the specific entropy ) . Historically , only the incompressible equations have been derived by Euler . However , fluid dynamics literature often refers to the full set -- including the energy equation -- of the more general compressible equations together as `` the Euler equations '' .   From the mathematical point of view , Euler equations are notably hyperbolic conservation equations in the case without external field ( i.e. , in the limit of high Froude number ) . In fact , like any Cauchy equation , the Euler equations originally formulated in convective form ( also called usually `` Lagrangian form '' , but this name is not self-explanatory and historically wrong , so it will be avoided ) can also be put in the `` conservation form '' ( also called usually `` Eulerian form '' , but also this name is not self-explanatory and is historically wrong , so it will be avoided here ) . The conservation form emphasizes the mathematical interpretation of the equations as conservation equations through a control volume fixed in space , and is the most important for these equations also from a numerical point of view . The convective form emphasizes changes to the state in a frame of reference moving with the fluid .

neg: Free French Flight Free French Flight refers to three specific fledgling units in the Free French Air Force ( FAFL ) which were created in the Middle East on 8 July 1940 .   Free French Flight N ° 1 - its designation later changed to Escadrille N ° 2 de Bombardement . Subsequently it became the Nancy squadron of GB Lorraine . It was formed around two Martin 167A-3 Maryland bombers which flew to Gibraltar on 19 July 1940 .  Free French Flight N ° 2 - its designation later changed to Première Escadrille de Chasse ( E.F.C. 1 ) , and was commanded by Lieutenant Denis . It was hierarchically a part of 33 Sqn RAF , and the unit later had a dual designation of C Flight , 73 Sqn RAF . Subsequently it became Groupe de Chasse Alsace .  Free French Communication Flight N ° 3 - its designation later changed to French Transport Flight . It consisted of five different French-built aircraft , it was hierarchically a part of 267 Sqn RAF .   Free French Flight N ° 2 was stationed at Haifa and initially consisted of one Potez 63.11 ( a second and third arriving on 14 October and 3 November 1940 respectively ) and two MS 406 ( a third appearing on 14 February 1941 ) . In addition to these aircraft , a Miles Magister was used as a hack , and was superseded by a Loire 130 on 12 March 1941 . The unit diary refers to the arrival of a Potez 29 and a Bloch MB .81 ( with a Salmson 9 powerplant ) from Heliopolis on 28 September 1940 , but neither aircraft appears in the subsequent daily unit statistics forms ( RAF Form 765a ) . A memo dated 4 April 1941 from the RAF 's Free French liaison officer to General Spears advises ` in practically every case the aircraft were unserviceable chiefly owing to lack of spares ' .   The port of Haifa was bombed on 6 September 1940 by the Regia Aeronautica . The four bombers were intercepted by Flying Officer Peronne in a Potez 63.11 and Warrant Officer Ballatore in a MS 406 . Due to the deteriorating serviceability of the aircraft , flying hours decreased , and the unit diary itself only covers September 1940 .   In addition to these units , there were some units formed in the UK :   Topic - six Blenheims . Along with `` Jam '' , there was a redeployment to Fort Lamy . Both units were merged into the `` Groupe réservé de bombardement n ° 1 '' ( GRB1 ) , with an official inception date of 30 March 1941 , which subsequently became the Metz squadron of GB Lorraine .  Jam - Official designation `` Groupe de combat n ° 1 '' ( GC1 ) . It consisted of four squadrons .  French Fighter Group - this unit 's small complement of Dewoitine D. 520 fighters became part of E.F.C. 1 ( see above ) , and its Blenheims became part of GRB1 .   Independent of the hierarchy of the RAF , there were aviation detachments in Chad , Cameroon , and Equatorial Africa .

neg: Harold G. Dick Harold Gustav `` Hal '' Dick ( January 19 , 1907 -- September 3 , 1997 ) was an American mechanical engineer employed by Goodyear , who flew on almost all of the Hindenburg flights . He was called to the UK for a meeting before the last flight of the Hindenburg and was not aboard during the disaster . Dick earned his balloon and dirigible pilot licenses in 1930 from Orville Wright .   Harold Dick was born in Lawrence , Massachusetts and died in Wichita , Kansas .

neg: David Lack David Lambert Lack FRS ( 16 July 1910 -- 12 March 1973 ) was a British evolutionary biologist who made contributions to ornithology , ecology and ethology . His 1947 book , Darwin 's Finches , on the finches of the Galapagos Islands was a landmark work . He developed Lack 's principle . His pioneering life-history studies of the living bird helped to make ornithology respectable as a serious science . He became Director of the Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology at the University of Oxford .

neg: Museo del Concorde The Museo del Concorde is a museum in Ciudad Juárez , Chihuahua , México which is dedicated to , and houses parts of , the supersonic airliner Concorde . Concorde was a joint venture between Great Britain 's British Airways and France 's Air France and was retired in 2003 .

neg: Fédération Française Aéronautique The Fédération française aéronautique ( FFA ) , ( Fédération nationale aéronautique , FNA , before 2004 ) founded in 1929 and being recognized as a public service in 1933 , is a French association which represents the majority of aeroclubs .   Its mission is :  Assist and defend aeroclubs  Preserve the number and quality of French aerodromes  Develop and ease recognition of aeronautics  Ease the formation of pilots in aeroclubs  Help the youngest and evangelise aeronautics activities  Contribute , as interlocutor of the Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile , to enact the regulations and defend interests of private pilots  Organise activities and aeronautics tests in France and abroad ( attribution of regional or national titles , selection of French representatives at internationals competitions or exhibitions )   As of 2007 , the FFA includes about 600 aeroclubs over 450 aerodromes , 42,000 pilots , 2,200 instructors and 2,200 aircraft .

neg: Charles Godefroy Charles Godefroy ( 29 December 1888 at La Flèche ( Sarthe ) -- 11 December 1958 at Soisy-sous-Montmorency , ( Val d'Oise ) , north of Paris ) was a French aviator who became famous by his spectacular flight passing through the Arc de Triomphe in Paris in 1919 .

neg: Biplane A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other . The first powered , controlled aeroplane to fly , the Wright Flyer , used a biplane wing arrangement , as did many aircraft in the early years of aviation . While a biplane wing structure has a structural advantage over a monoplane , it produces more drag than a similar unbraced or cantilever monoplane wing . Improved structural techniques , better materials and the quest for greater speed made the biplane configuration obsolete for most purposes by the late 1930s .   Biplanes offer several advantages over conventional cantilever monoplane designs : they permit lighter wing structures , low wing loading and smaller span for a given wing area . However , interference between the airflow over each wing increases drag substantially , and biplanes generally need extensive bracing , which causes additional drag .   Biplanes are distinguished from tandem wing arrangements , where the wings are placed forward and aft , instead of above and below .   The term is also occasionally used in biology , to describe the wings of some flying animals .

neg: Flying wing A flying wing is a tailless fixed-wing aircraft that has no definite fuselage . The crew , payload , fuel , and equipment are typically housed inside the main wing structure , although a flying wing may have various small protuberances such as pods , nacelles , blisters , booms , or vertical stabilizers .   Similar aircraft designs that are not -- strictly speaking -- flying wings , are sometimes referred to as such . These types include blended wing body aircraft , and microlights ( such as the Aériane Swift ) , which typically carry the pilot ( and engine when fitted ) below the wing .

neg: Exposition Universelle (1889) The Exposition Universelle of 1889 ( -LSB- ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl -RSB- ) was a world 's fair held in Paris , France , from 6 May to 31 October 1889 .   It was held during the year of the 100th anniversary of the storming of the Bastille , an event considered symbolic of the beginning of the French Revolution . The fair included a reconstruction of the Bastille and its surrounding neighborhood , but with the interior courtyard covered with a blue ceiling decorated with fleur-de-lys and used as a ball room and gathering place .   The 1889 Exposition covered a total area of 0.96 km2 , including the Champ de Mars , the Trocadéro , the quai d'Orsay , a part of the Seine and the Invalides esplanade . Transport around the Exposition was partly provided by a 3 kilometre ( 1.9 mi ) 600 millimetre ( 2 ft 0 in ) gauge railway by Decauville . It was claimed that the railway carried 6,342,446 visitors in just six months of operation . Some of the locomotives used on this line later saw service on the Chemins de Fer du Calvados .

neg: L'Intrépide L'Intrépide ( `` The Intrepid '' ) was a hydrogen balloon of the Compagnie d'Aérostiers ( French Aerostatic Corps ) and is the oldest preserved aircraft in Europe .   L'Intrépide was the larger of two observation balloons , the other being Hercule ( `` Hercules '' ) , issued to the Aerostatic Corps in June 1795 . These balloons were used by the Corps 's first company attached to General Jourdan 's Army of Sambre-et-Meuse in 1796 . When that army was defeated by Austrian forces at the Battle of Würzburg on 3 September 1796 , the balloon was captured and brought to Vienna , where it is now on display at the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum .   The balloon 's silk envelope is roughly spherical and has a diameter of 9.8 m. Its wooden gondola is very small , measuring 1.14 m by 0.75 m and its railing has a height of 1.05 m . The hull displayed in the museum is a replica , with the original displayed in a glass box nearby .

neg: Jean-François Cail Jean-François Cail ( 8 February 1804 -- 22 May 1871 ) was a French entrepreneur and industrialist who was a key figure in French industrialization . He started his career in 1824 as a factory worker making machinery for the sugar industry . The firm expanded and was renamed Derosne-Cail in 1832 . It manufactured a variety of industrial machines . In 1848 Mr. Cail licensed the patents of Thomas Russell Crampton and began manufacturing Crampton locomotives as well . Having become a wealthy man , Mr. Cail built a luxurious townhouse in Paris that is used today by the city government . A street in Paris is also named after him , Rue Cail . Additionally , his name is among in the 72 names engraved on the Eiffel Tower by Gustave Eiffel , in recognition of his contributions to the project .

neg: Bernard Ziegler Bernard Ziegler ( born March 12 , 1933 ) is the former Airbus senior vice president for engineering . He is well known for his evangelical zeal for the application of the fly-by-wire system in the Airbuses . He is the son of the former Airbus CEO , Henri Ziegler .   Bernard Ziegler was born in Boulogne sur Seine , France . He was educated in the École Polytechnique ( 1954 ) , as an engineer and École de l'Air ( 1955 ) , for his pilot training and military commission . Ziegler began his career as a fighter pilot in the French air force . He saw action in the Algerian War and was decorated twice . Principal medals and decorations received include the Officier de l'Ordre National du Mérite , Médaille de l'Aéronautique , Croix de la Valeur Militaire and Officier de la Légion d'honneur .   In August 1961 the Vallee Blanche Aerial Tramway was badly damaged when an aeroplane of the French Air Force piloted by Bernard Ziegler tore its hauling cable . Three cars crashed and six people were killed .   He continued his studies in École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace ( Supaéro ) ( 1961 ) and was later posted to École du personnel navigant d'essais et de réception ( EPNER ) , the French Air Force test pilot establishment in 1964 . He was the chief test pilot for the Dassault Mirage G in 1968 . At Airbus , his career spans from chief test pilot ( 1972 ) , to senior vice president for flight and support and then , to senior vice president for engineering . As a test pilot , he flew the first flights of the Airbus A300 , A310 , A320 and the A340 .   Bernard Ziegler was the most influential figure in developing the cockpit design and fly-by-wire control system for the Airbus airliners . He proposed that numerous technological innovations be applied to Airbus aircraft ; for example , using composites , twin-engine configuration for the A300 , fly-by-wire and many others . He was the guiding force in the creation of the flight envelope protection , incorporated in the Airbus flight-control software . This innovation allows the pilot to apply the maximum control forces considered necessary , while preventing inadvertent inputs that could place the aircraft outside the safety margin . This feature is considered by many to be highly beneficial in avoiding unusual attitudes in flight and in safely maximizing the effectiveness of evasive maneuvers in response to GPWS warnings .   For his efforts in advancing the fly-by-wire cause , he was honoured by the Flight Safety Foundation in 1998 . He retired from Airbus after 25 years of service in 1997 .

neg: Grande Roue de Paris The Grande Roue de Paris was a 100 m tall Ferris wheel built in 1900 for the Exposition Universelle world exhibition at Paris .   It was the tallest wheel in the world at the time of its opening . The passenger cars were so large that they were removed from the wheel and used as homes for French families when the region was devastated by World War I.   Théodore Vienne , the industrialist and founder of the Paris -- Roubaix cycle race , was both owner and director of the Grande Roue de Paris .   It was disassembled in 1920 and rag-and-bone merchants used the pods as huts to carry on their trade . This evolved , through second-hand shops , into the antique trade that is now to be found on the site and known as the Swiss Village . The remains of the wheel were finally sent for scrap in 1937 . Almost 90 years passed between its construction and a taller wheel , the 107.5 m Cosmo Clock 21 , being built in Japan .


query: Saving Private Ryan was directed by a person born in December 1967.

pos: Saving Private Ryan Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war drama film set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II . Directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat , the film is notable for its graphic portrayal of war , and for the intensity of its opening 27 minutes , which includes a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings . It follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller ( Tom Hanks ) and a squad ( Tom Sizemore , Edward Burns , Barry Pepper , Giovanni Ribisi , Vin Diesel , Adam Goldberg , and Jeremy Davies ) as they search for a paratrooper , Private First Class James Francis Ryan ( Matt Damon ) , who is the last-surviving brother of four servicemen .   The film received critical acclaim , winning several awards for film , cast , and crew , as well as earning significant returns at the box office . The film grossed US$ 481.8 million worldwide , making it the second-highest-grossing film of the year . The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards ; Spielberg 's direction won his second Academy Award for Best Director , with four more awards going to the film . Saving Private Ryan was released on home video in May 1999 , earning another $ 44 million from sales . In 2014 , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress , being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . ''

pos: Steven Spielberg Steven Allan Spielberg , , ( born December 18 , 1946 ) is an American director , producer , and screenwriter . He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era , as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history . He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios .   In a career spanning more than four decades , Spielberg 's films have spanned many themes and genres . Spielberg 's early science-fiction and adventure films , such as Jaws ( 1975 ) , Close Encounters of the Third Kind ( 1977 ) , Raiders of the Lost Ark ( 1981 ) , and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial ( 1982 ) , were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking . In later years , his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust , the transatlantic slave trade , civil rights , war , and terrorism in such films as The Color Purple ( 1985 ) , Empire of the Sun ( 1987 ) , Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Amistad ( 1997 ) , Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) , Munich ( 2005 ) , War Horse ( 2011 ) , Lincoln ( 2012 ) , and Bridge of Spies ( 2015 ) . His other films include Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) , A.I. Artificial Intelligence ( 2001 ) , and War of the Worlds ( 2005 ) .   Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler 's List and Saving Private Ryan , as well as receiving five other nominations . Three of Spielberg 's films -- Jaws , E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , and Jurassic Park -- achieved box office records , originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film . The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $ 9 billion worldwide , making him the highest-grossing director in history . His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $ 3 billion . He is also known for his long-standing associations with several actors , producers , and technicians , most notably composer John Williams , who has composed music for all but two of Spielberg 's movies which are The Color Purple and Bridge of Spies .

neg: Roger Kumble Roger Kumble ( born May 28 , 1966 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and playwright .

neg: Ryan O'Quinn Ryan O'Quinn ( born March 6 , 1972 ) is an American television , film and voice actor , author and comedian .

neg: Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .

neg: Michael Landon Jr. Michael Graham Landon Jr. ( born June 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and producer .

neg: Bonnie Curtis Bonnie Kathleen Curtis ( born March 26 , 1966 ) is an American film producer whose credits include Saving Private Ryan , A.I. , Minority Report , and The Lost World : Jurassic Park , directed by Steven Spielberg . Her first solo project was the 2005 release The Chumscrubber . She then joined Mockingbird Pictures with partner Julie Lynn in 2011 . Curtis and Lynn produced Albert Nobbs , which was nominated for three Academy Awards . Curtis is a co-recipient of the 1999 Producers Guild Award for Motion Picture Producer of the Year , for Saving Private Ryan . On March 12 , 2015 , Curtis was inducted into the Texas Film Hall of Fame . Spielberg congratulated her via video message during the ceremony .

neg: James O'Brien (filmmaker) James Edward O'Brien ( born December 6 , 1969 ) is an American independent film director , screenwriter and producer .

neg: Adam Davenport Adam Davenport ( born May 27 , 1984 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , stage actor and music producer .

neg: Ho-Sung Pak Ho-Sung Pak ( born November 8 , 1967 ) is a Korean-American film actor , martial artist , action choreographer , writer , and producer .

neg: Jenna Rose Simon Jenna Rose Simon ( born December 14 , 1987 ) is an American artist and actor . Her artwork focuses primarily on the abuse of children with the use of graphite pencils .

neg: Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .

neg: Gary King (director) Gary R. King ( born November 15 , 1972 ) is an American director and writer .

neg: Ronald Ryan Ronald Joseph Ryan ( 21 February 1925 -- 3 February 1967 ) was the last person to be legally executed in Australia . Ryan was found guilty of shooting and killing warder George Hodson during an escape from Pentridge Prison , Victoria , in 1965 . Ryan 's hanging was met with some of the largest public protests in the history of Australia and led to the end of capital punishment . The death penalty was abolished in 1985 .

neg: David DeCoteau David DeCoteau ( born January 5 , 1962 , Portland , Oregon ) is an American-Canadian film director and producer .

neg: Gillian Armstrong Gillian May Armstrong ( born 18 December 1950 ) is an award-winning Australian feature film and documentary director , who specializes in period-drama . Her films often feature female perspectives and protagonists .

neg: Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 1998 2nd TFCA Awards  December 16 , 1998   Best Film :  Saving Private Ryan  The 2nd Toronto Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in film for 1998 , were held on 16 December 1998 .

neg: Saving Santa Saving Santa is a 2013 computer-animated comedy film created and written by Tony Nottage and directed by Leon Joosen , produced by Tony Nottage , Terry Stone and Nick Simunek .

neg: Patricia Arquette Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) at the age of eighteen . Her notable films include Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) , Tim Burton 's Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , David O. Russell 's Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , David Lynch 's Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , Stephen Frears 's The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Martin Scorsese 's Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , and Andrew Davis 's Holes ( 2003 ) .   For her performance in Richard Linklater 's Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , she received widespread critical praise and won the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Independent Spirit Award , and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress . Arquette 's Academy Award acceptance speech , which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention , received widespread news coverage .   On television , she played the character Allison DuBois -- based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities -- in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005 -- 11 ) . She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005 . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015 -- 16 ) .

neg: Jimmy Hayward James `` Jimmy '' Hayward ( born September 17 , 1970 ) is a Canadian-American film director , screenwriter and animator .

neg: Kristin Hahn Kristin Hahn ( born 1969 ) is an American film producer , writer and director .

neg: Steven Conrad Steven Conrad ( born 1968 ) is an American screenwriter , film producer and director .


query: The Promise premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.

pos: The Promise (2016 film) The Promise is a 2016 American historical drama film directed by Terry George and starring Oscar Isaac , Charlotte Le Bon and Christian Bale , set in the final years of the Ottoman Empire . The film premiered on September 11 , 2016 , at the Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United States on April 21 , 2017 , by Open Road Films .   The Promise is about a love triangle that develops between Armenian medical student Mikael ( Isaac ) , an American journalist based in Paris named Chris ( Bale ) and an Armenian-born woman raised in France , Ana ( Le Bon ) , during the final years of the Ottoman Empire , and during the Armenian Genocide . The film was a box office bomb , grossing just $ 8 million against its $ 90 million budget , although the studio noted the main purpose of the film was to bring attention to the story , not make money .

neg: Buffalo Niagara Film Festival The Buffalo Niagara Film Festival is a film festival in the United States held in Buffalo , New York which showcases over 35 films annually .  The inaugural festival was held March 26-21 , 2007 . The festival is held in the Riviera Theatre in North Tonawanda , New York .   Established in 2007 , the festival features independent films from the USA and worldwide with a special category for Western New York filmmakers . The program includes feature films , student films , short films , music videos and animated films . The event is produced by Captures Entetertainment .   The 2015 event took place from April 10 until April 18 .   In addition to film screenings , industry leaders and others will present seminars and panel discussions on topics of interest to filmmakers , screenwriters , and entertainment industry professionals . Opening and Closing Night Galas , Filmmaker Receptions , and a Festival Expo featuring products and services from BNFF Sponsors and others are held during the festival . A Film Market is held during Festival Week , to provide filmmakers , distributors , and buyers the opportunity to network , and conduct business .   The festival presents the following awards :   JURY AWARDS   Best Feature Film , Best Animation Film , Best Student Film , Best Screenplay , Best Short Film , Best Documentary Film , Most Promising Director , The Falls Award -- For Best West NY Film .   AUDIENCE AWARDS   Best Feature Film , Best Animation Film , Best Documentary Film , Best Music Video , Best Short Film , Best Student Film , Best West NY Film   GENRE AWARDS   Best Drama , Best Thriller , Best Docudrama , Best Action/Adventure , Best Comedy , Best Original Concept   In 2011 , Jeffrey W. Pike 's Love and Defiance received the award for Best Screenplay in Short film .

neg: Rialto Pictures Rialto Pictures is a film distributor founded in 1997 by Bruce Goldstein . A year later , Adrienne Halpern joined him as partner . In 2002 , Eric Di Bernardo became the company 's National Sales Director . It was described as `` the gold standard of reissue distributors '' by Los Angeles Times/NPR film critic Kenneth Turan . In 1999 , Rialto received a special Heritage Award from the National Society of Film Critics , and in 2000 received a special award from the New York Film Critic 's Circle , presented to Goldstein and Halpern by Jeanne Moreau . The two co-presidents have each received the French Order of Chevalier of Arts and Letters .   During the past decade , Rialto Pictures has become one of the great names in film distribution . In 2002 , the company released the critically acclaimed first-run film Murderous Maids , the chilling true story of two homicidal sisters , starring Sylvie Testud . Rialto celebrated a record-breaking 2004 with the previously unreleased , original 1954 Japanese version of Ishiro Honda 's Godzilla ; Peter Davis 's Oscar-winning and newly restored 1974 documentary Hearts and Minds ; and Gillo Pontecorvo 's groundbreaking The Battle of Algiers , one of 2004 's top-grossing foreign films . Rialto 's re-release of Alberto Lattuada 's Mafioso , a dark comedy from 1962 starring Alberto Sordi , was the unqualified highlight of the 2006 New York Film Festival . One of Rialto 's 2008 releases was Max Ophüls ' legendary film Lola Montès in a definitive new 35mm restoration , which was showcased to enormous acclaim at Cannes Film Festival and Telluride Film Festival and was the spotlight retrospective of the 2008 New York Film Festival . In 2009 , Rialto undertook the very first U.S. release of Jean-Luc Godard 's Made in U.S.A. , which could not be previously released due to rights issues , and also re-released Costa-Gavras ' Academy-Award winning thriller Z. Most recently , the San Francisco International Film Festival presented Goldstein with its prestigious Mel Novikoff Award .   2007 marked Rialto 's tenth anniversary , a milestone that was celebrated with a retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York . Similar tributes were held at George Eastman House , in Rochester , New York ; the AFI Silver Theater in Washington , D.C. ; and the SIFF Theater in Seattle . In honor of the company 's anniversary , The Criterion Collection has issued a special gift box set containing ten films displaying the breadth of Rialto 's collection , including Army of Shadows , Au Hasard Balthazar , Band of Outsiders , Billy Liar , Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie , Mafioso , Murderous Maids , Rififi , The Third Man and Touchez pas au grisbi . The DVD box set was released under the name `` Ten Years of Rialto Pictures '' on October 28 , 2008 .   Rialto Pictures also handles North American distribution for most of the back catalog of French film production and distribution company StudioCanal , including titles from the company 's Embassy Pictures and Carolco Pictures libraries .

neg: SEOUL International Women's Film Festival SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival ( SIWFF , previously International Women 's Film Festival in Seoul , IWFFIS ) first took place on April 1 , 1997 , which marked the second appearance of the international film festival in Korea following Busan International Film Festival launched in 1996 . This was the time when there was no clear idea about how to define a film festival . At that time , SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival came up with a catchphrase See the world through women 's eyes , setting its main goal to introduce women 's films that explore the `` women 's reality from the women 's perspectives '' . Featuring films by women , for women , and of women , the 1st edition of SEOUL International Film Festival received a number of positive reviews from the audience , which was never anticipated this much . Thanks to continuous support from the audience , SEOUL International Film Festival that used to be happening every other year has become an annual event since the 3rd edition in 2001 . For the 6th edition in 2004 , SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival looked for changes by relocating the festival office and venues to Sinchon , the street of youth and culture . For the 9th edition in 2007 , the Queer Rainbow section was first introduced , presenting films about life and culture of gender minorities . In order to go beyond the gender boundaries based on biological sex and to reach out for solidarity , SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival newly created the Open Cinema section encompassing feminist films made by male directors . Now in 2015 , SEOUL International Film Festival attempts to build its new festival identity and become a cultural platform more approachable for a wide variety of audiences by changing the official English title of the festival from International Women 's Film Festival in Seoul to SEOUL International Women 's Film Festival as well as by retouching the festival logo used for last 17 years .

neg: Shake Hands with the Devil (2007 film) Shake Hands with the Devil is a 2007 Canadian war drama film starring Roy Dupuis as Roméo Dallaire , which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in August 2007 . Based on Dallaire 's autobiographical book Shake Hands with the Devil : The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda , the film recounts Dallaire 's harrowing personal journey during the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and how the United Nations failed to heed Dallaire 's urgent pleas for further assistance to halt the massacre .   The film received 12 nominations at the 28th Genie Awards and tied with the film Eastern Promises for most nominations .

neg: Lie with Me Lie with Me is a Canadian drama film with graphic , unsimulated sexual content that played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival . It is based on the novel of the same name by Tamara Faith Berger . The film features Lauren Lee Smith and Eric Balfour . Its plot concerns an outgoing , sexually aggressive young woman who meets and begins a torrid affair with an equally aggressive young man , which brings a strain on their personal lives . The backdrop of a very hot summer in the city adds to the steamy nature of the relationship .   Set and shot in Toronto ( primarily The Annex ) , the film was directed by Clement Virgo .   Included in the soundtrack is music by Broken Social Scene and Annelise Noronha .

neg: Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film The Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film ( French : Magritte du meilleur premier film ) is an award presented annually by the Académie André Delvaux . It is one of the Magritte Awards , which were established to recognize excellence in Belgian cinematic achievements .   It was introduced in 2013 as an audience award . However , its first winner Dead Man Talking was announced during the 66th Cannes Film Festival , three months later the 3rd Magritte Awards ceremony . In 2016 , the Magritte Award for Best First Feature Film became a merit category . As of the 2017 ceremony , Keeper is the most recent winner in this category .

neg: Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film The Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Film is one of the annual awards given by the Toronto Film Critics Association .

neg: The Promise (2005 film) The Promise is a 2005 Chinese epic fantasy film directed by Chen Kaige , starring Jang Dong-gun , Hiroyuki Sanada , Cecilia Cheung and Nicholas Tse . It is loosely adapted from The Kunlun Slave , a wuxia romance story written by Pei Xing in the ninth century during the Tang dynasty . Responses to the film were mainly mixed to negative .

neg: Sarah Polley Sarah Ellen Polley ( born January 8 , 1979 ) is a Canadian actress , writer , director and political activist . Polley first garnered attention as a child actress for her role as Sara Stanley in the Canadian television series Road to Avonlea ( 1990 -- 1996 ) . She has starred in many feature films , including Exotica ( 1994 ) , The Sweet Hereafter ( 1997 ) , Guinevere ( 1999 ) , Go ( 1999 ) , The Weight of Water ( 2000 ) , My Life Without Me ( 2003 ) , Dawn of the Dead ( 2004 ) , Splice ( 2009 ) , and Mr. Nobody ( 2009 ) .   Polley made her feature film directorial debut with Away from Her ( 2006 ) , for which she won a Genie Award for Best Achievement in Direction and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay . Polley 's second film , Take This Waltz ( 2011 ) , premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival .   Her film Stories We Tell ( 2012 ) is a feature-length documentary . It had its world premiere at the 2012 Venice Film Festival , and its North American premiere followed at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival . The Toronto Film Critics Association awarded it the $ 100,000 prize for best Canadian film of the year .

neg: I Promise `` I Promise '' is a song from Stacie Orrico 's self-titled second album . The third single from the album , it was written by Diane Warren and was released only in Europe , Asia and Australia . The midtempo ballad did not do as well as the first two singles , but gave Orrico her third top 40 hit in the UK .

neg: 2006 Toronto International Film Festival The 31st Toronto International Film Festival ran from September 7 to September 16 , 2006 . Opening the festival was Zacharias Kunuk and Norman Cohn 's The Journals of Knud Rasmussen , a film that `` explores the history of the Inuit people through the eyes of a father and daughter . ''   In a press release dated June 27 , 2006 , twenty-six international film selections were announced which previously premiered at major film festivals worldwide . Of the films announced , twenty-five of them will receive their North American premiere .   Among the many anticipated films were Babel by Alejandro González Iñárritu , Volver by Pedro Almodóvar , Election 2 ( a.k.a. Triad Election ) by Johnnie To , The Fountain by Darren Aronofsky and The Host by Bong Joon-ho .   Bella took top prize at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival by winning the highly coveted `` People 's Choice Award '' , a distinction which puts them in the company of such Oscar-winning films as Chariots of Fire , American Beauty , Life Is Beautiful , Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon and Hotel Rwanda . Last year 's winner of the `` People 's Choice '' Award , Tsotsi , won an Oscar for best foreign-language film .   Bella marks the feature directorial debut for Alejandro Monteverde , who also co-wrote its original screenplay with Patrick Million . Bella features Manuel Perez , Angélica Aragón , Jaime Terelli and Ali Landry . Bella was produced by Sean Wolfington , Eduardo Verastegui , Leo Severino , Alejandro Monteverde and Denise Pinckley and executive produced by J. Eustace Wolfington , Ana Wolfington and Stephen McEveety . The film was financed by producers Sean Wolfingtonand Eustace Wolfington . McEveety ( Braveheart , We Were Soldiers , Passion of the Christ ) consulted on the script and signed on as an Executive Producer to help market the movie . Bella is McEveety 's first release under his nascent Mpower Films moniker and marks his first feature since ankling Mel Gibson 's Icon productions .

neg: Frame Film Festival The Frame Film Festival is a student run event showcasing talent from across Toronto . Submissions are obtained from independent short-film producers who are students or recent graduates .

neg: 2005 Toronto International Film Festival The 30th Toronto International Film Festival ran from September 8 -- 17 and screened 335 films from 52 countries - 109 of these films were world premieres , and 78 were North American premieres .

neg: Promise A promise is a commitment by someone to do or not do something . As a noun promise means a declaration assuring that one will or will not do something . As a verb it means to commit oneself by a promise to do or give . It can also mean a capacity for good , similar to a value that is to be realized in the near future .   In the law of contract , an exchange of promises is usually held to be legally enforceable , according to the Latin maxim pacta sunt servanda .

neg: 70th Venice International Film Festival The 70th annual Venice International Film Festival took place in Venice , Italy from 28 August to 7 September 2013 . American film director William Friedkin was presented with a lifetime achievement award . Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was the President of the Jury . He was previously the President of the Jury at the 40th edition in 1983 . Gravity , directed by Alfonso Cuarón , was the opening film of the festival . Italian actress Eva Riccobono hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival .   The Golden Lion was awarded to the Italian documentary film Sacro GRA . It was the first documentary film to win the award at the Venice Festival .

neg: Break Loose Break Loose is a 2013 Russian action film directed by Alexei Uchitel . It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . The film is banned in Ukraine .

neg: Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history This page describes the production history of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival .   The Stratford Shakespeare Festival ( formerly known as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival and the Stratford Festival of Canada ) is a summer-long celebration of theatre held each year in Stratford , Ontario . Theatre-goers , actors , and playwrights flock to Stratford to take part -- many of the greatest Canadian , American and British actors have played roles at Stratford . It was one of the first and is still one of the most prominent arts festivals in Canada .   The Festival 's primary mandate is to present productions of Shakespeare 's plays , but it also produces a wide variety of theatre from Greek tragedy to Broadway musicals to contemporary works . By 2017 , only three of the 14 productions were based on Shakespeare 's works . The following is a chronological list of the productions that have been staged as part of the Stratford Festival since its inception .   On February 17 , 2015 , AP News reported that the Stratford Shakespeare Festival plans to film all of Shakespeare 's plays .

neg: Kidnap Capital Kidnap Capital is a Canadian crime drama film , to be released on June 6th , 2017 . The directorial debut of Felipe Rodriguez , the film centres on a group of undocumented migrants who have been kidnapped by a Phoenix street gang and are being held for ransom in a drop house in Arizona .   The film 's cast includes Paulino Nunes , Johnathan Sousa , Michael Reventar , Michelle Arvizu and Pedro Miguel Arce .   The film was a finalist for Best Picture and Best Director at the 2016 Imagen Awards . It won several awards on the festival circuit , including the `` Chairman 's Award '' at the San Diego Film Festival , `` Best Non-European Film '' at ECU the European Independent Film Festival in Paris , the `` Jury 's Special Mention '' at the BOGOCINE Bogota Film Festival , and many others .   At the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017 , Reventar was a nominee for Best Supporting Actor .

neg: 1993 Toronto International Film Festival The 18th Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF ) took place in Toronto , Ontario , Canada between September 9 and September 18 , 1993 . M. Butterfly by David Cronenberg was selected as the opening film .   Forest Whitaker won FIPRESCI International Critics ' Award for Strapped .

neg: Pride Toronto Pride Toronto is a ten-day event held in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , during the end of June each year . It is a celebration of the diversity of the LGBT community in the Greater Toronto Area . It is one of the largest organized gay pride festivals in the world , featuring several stages with live performers and DJs , several licensed venues , a large Dyke March , a Trans March and the Pride Parade . The centre of Pride Week is the city 's Church and Wellesley village , while the parade and marches are primarily routed along the nearby Yonge Street , Gerrard Street and Bloor Street . In 2014 , the week served as the fourth international WorldPride , and was much larger than standard Toronto Prides .   Pride Week is organized by Pride Toronto , a non-profit organization . A small complement of seven staff support the work of 19 festival teams and six advisors ; each team is responsible for an aspect of the festival . Each team is administered by two or three volunteer team leads . The long-term vision for , and strategic oversight of , the organization and the festival is managed by 12 volunteers on the board of directors .   The organization 's current executive director is Olivia Nuamah . She was appointed in February 2017 to succeed Mathieu Chantelois , who led the organisation from 2015 to 2016 .


query: Akshay Kumar works in cinema.

pos: Akshay Kumar Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia ( born 9 September 1967 ) , better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar , is an Indian-born actor who works in Bollywood films . Kumar is also a producer and martial artist who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Kumar has Canadian citizenship .   Kumar won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Rustom and he has been nominated for Filmfare Awards several times , winning it two times .   Box Office India listed Kumar as one of the most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema .  In February 2013 , many media outlets reported that the net box-office collection of Kumar 's films had crossed and he was the first and the only Bollywood actor to do so .  Having done so , he has established himself as a leading contemporary actor of Hindi cinema .   When he began his acting career in the 1990s , he primarily starred in action films and was known for his appearances in films of the `` Khiladi series '' as well as other action films such as Waqt Hamara Hai ( 1993 ) , Mohra ( 1994 ) , Elaan ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Sapoot ( 1996 ) , Jaanwar ( 1999 ) .   Later , Kumar also gained fame for his drama , romance , action and comic roles . His performances in romance films like Yeh Dillagi ( 1994 ) , Dhadkan ( 2000 ) , Andaaz ( 2003 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) , as well as drama films such as Waqt : The Race Against Time ( 2005 ) . His comic performances in comedy films such as Hera Pheri ( 2000 ) , Mujhse Shaadi Karogi ( 2004 ) , Garam Masala ( 2005 ) , Bhagam Bhag ( 2006 ) , Bhool Bhulaiyaa ( 2007 ) , and Singh Is Kinng ( 2008 ) met with acclaim . In 2007 , he starred in four consecutive commercially successful films . Kumar hit a rough patch since 2009 to 2011 but came back with two successes , Housefull 2 ( 2012 ) and Rowdy Rathore ( 2012 ) with both of them grossing over . His other films like OMG ( 2012 ) , Special 26 ( 2012 ) , Holiday ( 2014 ) and Gabbar Is Back ( 2015 ) were highly successful critically and commercially . From January 2016 to February 2017 , he starred in four Rs 100-crore plus earner in a row with films Airlift ( 2016 ) , Housefull 3 ( 2016 ) , Rustom ( 2016 ) and Jolly LLB 2 ( 2017 ) .   Apart from acting , Kumar has also worked as a stunt actor ; he has often performed many dangerous stunts in his films , which has earned him the sobriquet `` Indian Jackie Chan '' . In 2008 , he hosted the show Fear Factor -- Khatron Ke Khiladi . The next year , he founded the Hari Om Entertainment production company . In 2012 , he founded another production company called Grazing Goat Pictures . In 2014 , Kumar launched TV realty show Dare 2 Dance . He also owns the team Khalsa Warriors in the World Kabaddi League . In 2015 , Kumar was ranked 9th in Forbes ' first global list of highest-paid actors in the world .   In 2008 , the University of Windsor conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Kumar in recognition of his contribution to Indian cinema . The following year he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India . In 2011 , The Asian Awards honoured Kumar for his outstanding achievement in Cinema .

neg: Amit Kumar Amit Kumar is an Indian film playback singer , actor , director , and music director . He is the son of the Indian singer and actor Kishore Kumar and the Bengali singer and actress Ruma Guha Thakurta .  Like his father , Amit loved singing and from childhood used to sing during Durga Pooja functions in Kolkata . Once when he was performing on stage in a Durga Pooja function arranged by Bengali actor Uttam Kumar , people kept requesting more songs and this information reached his mother . She complained to Kishore Kumar that his son was singing `` filmy '' songs . Hearing that , Kishore Kumar decided to bring him to Bombay .   Before that , Kishore Kumar had cast Amit as his son in two films that he produced himself , Door Gagan Ki Chhaon Mein and Door Ka Raahi ( with Amit as a teenager ) . The song `` Aa chalke tujhe , mein leke chaloon '' was filmed with Kishore Kumar singing to his eleven-year-old son Amit Kumar .   He has sung many Bollywood and regional film songs since the 1970s and was more actively singing in Indian films from 1970 to 1994 as after death of R. D. Burman in 1994 , citing lack of good quality music being composed he withdrew from playback singing and concentrated on live orchestra shows since 1995 and continues to perform worldwide . In addition to singing in Hindi , has also performed in Bengali , Bhojpuri , Odia , Assamese , Marathi , and Konkani . He withdrew himself from film industry after 1994 and occasionally sings in films since late 2000 's .

neg: Ghaath Ghaath is a 2000 Indian Bollywood crime drama film directed by Akashdeep and produced by Kumar Mohan . The film stars Manoj Bajpayee , Tabu and Om Puri in pivotal roles and actress Raveena Tandon in a special appearance . The film met with positive critical response whereas ended up being an average grosser at the box-office .

neg: Rishtey Rishtey ( Relations ) is a Bollywood film released on 6 December 2002 . The film directed by Indra Kumar stars Anil Kapoor , Karisma Kapoor , Shilpa Shetty and Amrish Puri in the lead roles . The film had a `` Below Average '' opening and flopped at the Box Office .

neg: List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies .   Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan .   In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor .   Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .

neg: Aap Ki Kasam Aap Ki Kasam ( I swear by you ) is a 1974 Hindi film produced by J. Om Prakash , which also marks his directorial debut . The film stars Rajesh Khanna , Mumtaz , Sanjeev Kumar , Rehman , Asrani and A. K. Hangal . The music is by R.D. Burman , who received the only Filmfare nomination for the film . The film was successful and was declared as hit on the box office , and it was also acclaimed by the critics . The songs from the film , including ` Jai Jai Shiv Shankar ' , ` Zindagi ke safar mein ' and ` Karvate badalate rahen ' , became very popular .   The Hindu newspaper in its review of the film quoted `` In a remarkable scene , where Rajesh Khanna , his anger simmering , confronts Mumtaz , the director , J. Om Prakash , brings out the performer in both . Mumtaz brings compelling expressions to her countenance as her initial disbelief at being doubted by her husband is transformed from anguish to fury in a flash . This remains the standout moment of the movie apart from the song `` Zindagi ke safar mein guzar jate hain jo maqaam '' .   The film is a remake of a Malayalam film , Vaazhve Mayam ( 1970 ) , directed by K S Sethumadhavan , where the ending was different . The film was later also remade in Telugu , retaining the original ending , by director Dasari Narayana Rao as Edadugula Bandham ( 1985 ) starring Mohan Babu and Jayasudha .

neg: Masti (film series) Masti is a series of Indian adult comedy films . The series is directed by Indra Kumar and produced by Ashok Thakeria . The series stars Vivek Oberoi , Aftab Shivdasani and Ritesh Deshmukh in principal roles .

neg: Listen... Amaya Listen ... Amaya is 2013 Hindi drama film directed by Avinash Kumar Singh , and starring Farooq Shaikh , Deepti Naval and Swara Bhaskar as leads . The film also marks the return of popular lead pair of the 1980s , Farooq Shaikh and Deepti Naval , in films like , Chashme Buddoor ( 1981 ) , Saath Saath ( 1982 ) , Katha ( 1983 ) , together again on screen after 25 years . This was also their last film together as Farooq Shaikh died several months after the film 's release .

neg: AK 56 -RCB- -RCB-   A.K. 56 is a Kannada language film by action film director Om Prakash Rao . It is Rao 's 25th film . Rao had directed AK-47 ( film ) starring shivaraj Kumar . The film is produced by the Indian film company Silver Screen Pictures as their premiere venture .   It is Siddanth 's second Kannada movie and is estimated to be one of the most expensive Kannada film 's ever made . The scheduled release date for AK56 is 10 February 2012 . The film is the Big Budget film in Kannada Cinema Industry of 12 crores . RKD Studios have bought the sole and exclusive rights of the film in Hindi & all other Northern Indian languages .

neg: Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema .   In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe .   The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt .   The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity .   The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .

neg: Naksha Naksha -LSB- Translation : Map -RSB- is a 2006 Bollywood suspense adventure film . The film is directed by Sachin Bajaj and stars Sunny Deol , Vivek Oberoi , Sameera Reddy and Jackie Shroff . The film was inspired by The Rundown .   The role of Ria was initially offered to Amrita Rao but she declined the offer as she was filming for Vivah .

neg: Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd. . is an Indian entertainment company .

neg: Nazar Ke Samne Nazar Ke Samne is an Indian film directed by Jagdish A. Sharma and released in 1994 . It stars Akshay Kumar , Farheen Mohamnad Rayeesuddin .

neg: E. V .V. Cinema E. V . V. Cinema is an Indian film production house founded by E. V. V. Satyanarayana .

neg: PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions .   The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) .   PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .

neg: Hari Om Entertainment Hari Om Entertainment Co. also known as Hari Om Productions is a production company established in 2008 . The founders people are actor Akshay Kumar , his mother Aruna Bhatia & wife Twinkle Khanna .   ` Hari Om ' happens to be the name of the Kumar 's father . The company in association with Telefilm Canada produced a hockey based Indo-Canadian film Speedy Singhs ( 2011 ) .

neg: Awaargi Awaargi is a 1990 Bollywood drama film directed by Mahesh Bhatt starring Anil Kapoor , Meenakshi Sheshadri and Govinda . The film is considered to have featured Anil Kapoor 's and Meenakshi Sheshadri 's best performances . Over the years it has gained immense critical praise and is considered a classic now .   Like several other 1980s films by Mahesh Bhatt , Awaargi , containing serious and realistic content , belongs to the arthouse cinematic genre , known in India as parallel cinema . On its release , it received critical acclaim .

neg: Its Cinema Tv its Cinema TV is an Indian cable and satellite television channel , owned by Softline Creations . The channel was launched on 16 June 2014 , as a 24-hour Hindi movie channel . The free-to-air TV channel airs all types of film genres like drama , action , comedy , thriller and classic . The channel faces stiff competition from the likes of Hindi movie channels , like Zee Cinema , SET Max , UTV Action , Star Gold and Movies OK - also from the Star TV stable .

neg: Salim (film) Salim is a 2014 Indian Tamil action thriller film directed by N. V. Nirmal Kumar , who was an associate to Bharathi Raja . It stars Vijay Antony and Aksha Pardasany . Produced by Studio 9 , Sri Green Productions and Vijay Antony Film Corporation , the film is a sequel to Vijay Antony 's debut film Naan ( 2012 ) . The film was released on 29 August 2014 .

neg: Kranti Kranti ( English : Revolution ) is a 1981 Indian Hindi film produced and directed by Manoj Kumar . It stars Manoj Kumar along with an ensemble cast consisting of Dilip Kumar , Shashi Kapoor , Hema Malini , Shatrughan Sinha , Parveen Babi , Sarika , Prem Chopra , Madan Puri , Paintal and Pradeep Kumar . The story was written by Salim-Javed . The film marked the return of Dilip Kumar after a five-year hiatus .

neg: Insaaf (1997 film) Insaaf , also known as Insaaf : The Final Justice , is a 1997 Indian Bollywood action film directed and written by Dayal Nihalani and starring Akshay Kumar , Shilpa Shetty and Paresh Rawal . It was released on 30 May 1997 and was a box office failure .