query: Helike was covered in water in 373 BC.

pos: Helike Helike ( -LSB- ˈhɛlᵻkiː -RSB- Ἑλίκη , pronounced -LSB- heˈlikɛː -RSB- , modern -LSB- eˈlici -RSB- ) was an ancient Greek city that was submerged by a tsunami in the winter of 373 BC . It was located in Achaea , northern Peloponnesos , two kilometres ( 12 stadia ) from the Corinthian Gulf and near the city of Boura , which , like Helike , was a member of the Achaean League . Modern research attributes the catastrophe to an earthquake and accompanying tsunami which destroyed and submerged the city . In an effort to protect the site from destruction , the World Monuments Fund included Helike in its 2004 and 2006 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites .

neg: Hydrology Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement , distribution , and quality of water on Earth and other planets , including the water cycle , water resources and environmental watershed sustainability . A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist , working within the fields of earth or environmental science , physical geography , geology or civil and environmental engineering . Using various analytical methods and scientific techniques , they collect and analyze data to help solve water related problems such as environmental preservation , natural disasters , and water management .   Hydrology subdivides into surface water hydrology , groundwater hydrology ( hydrogeology ) , and marine hydrology . Domains of hydrology include hydrometeorology , surface hydrology , hydrogeology , drainage-basin management and water quality , where water plays the central role .   Oceanography and meteorology are not included because water is only one of many important aspects within those fields .   Hydrological research can inform environmental engineering , policy and planning .   The term hydrology comes from Greek : ὕδωρ , hýdōr , `` water '' ; and λόγος , lógos , `` study '' .

neg: Yamuna Eri Yamuna Eri ( -LSB- jəmʉnɑː ʲeːɾɪ -RSB- ; lit . Yamuna lake ) is an ancient pond situated in Nallur , Jaffna , Sri Lanka . In 1948 , it was listed as one of the protected archaeological monuments in the Jaffna District by the Sri Lankan government .   One of the ruins of the Jaffna kingdom , Yamuna Eri is located near the Mantri Manai palace and the Cankilian Thoppu arch . According to the chronological historical book Yalpana Vaipava Malai , it was built during the reign of Jaffna Kingdom King Cinkai Ariyan Cekaracacekaran I ( 1215 -- 1240 ) . The text describes the King bringing sacred water from India 's Yamuna River and mixing it with the water in the pond .   Original text : ... நாலு மதிலும் எழுப்பி , வாசலும் ஒழுங்காய் விடுத்து , மாட மாளிகையும் , கூட கோபுரங்களையும் , பூங்காவையும் , பூங்காவன நடுவிலே ஸ்நான மண்டபமும் முப்புடைக் கூபமும் உண்டாக்கி அக்கூபத்திலே , யமுனாநதி தீர்த்தமும் அழைப்பித்துக் கலந்துவிட்டு ...   Translation : ... he afterwards built the city of Nallur with all its ramparts , gates , mansions , palaces , towers , flower-gardens , baths , stables for elephants and horses , halls of justice , pleasure-houses , dwellings for Brahmans and warriors ... . He dug a three-sided well with whose water , he mixed water brought from the sacred river Yamunai .   The Yalpana Vaipava Malai is contradicted by another source , however , which suggests that the pond was built by a later king , Singai Pararasasegaram ( 1478 -- 1519 ) . In either case , the pond derives its name from the Indian river from which sacred waters were brought . The pond is built as a `` three-sided well '' , in the shape of the Tamil letter , '' ப '' , and was made in brick with stone steps that were built to reach both the inside and the outside , allowing for convenient bathing . There is a decorative flower garden located in the centre . Local legends have it that Yamuna Eri was used by the Queen of Jaffna Kingdom , and was linked to Mantri Manai ( the palace ) by an underground tunnel . A similar legend has Tamil Kings and royal families using the pond . Yet another legend has the pond being used for offering ritual baths to the idol of Kartikeya , the primary deity of the Nallur Kandaswamy temple . Conquerors of the Jaffna Kingdom are also believed to have used the pond for bathing .

neg: Hebo Hebo is the god of the Yellow River . The Yellow River ( Huang He ) is one of the world 's major rivers and a river of great cultural importance in China . This is reflected in Chinese mythology by the tales surrounding the deity Hebo . The name , Hebo , means `` Lord of the River '' , in this case `` the River '' referring to the main river of Northern China , the Huang He , or Yellow River , which takes its name from the vast amount of yellowish silt from the Loess plateau through which much of the river flows . However , the descriptive term , Hebo , is not this deity 's only name , and worship is geographically widespread . Some of the character ascribed to Hebo is related to the character of the Yellow River itself : a river which has been described as one of China 's greatest assets as well as one of the greatest sources of sorrow . Some of the world 's greatest floods accompanied by tragic and stupendous loss of human life have been due to the Yellow River overflowing its banks , and even shifting course and establishing a new river bed . The Yellow River has also been one of the major agricultural sources for irrigation of farms which have provided for the dietary needs of the population at least from the cradle of Chinese civilization through the present day . To some extent , the deity Hebo is a personification of the character of this river . However , Hebo has also had an important role in the history of religious worship in China ( especially North China ) , and also having a more general function in terms of Chinese culture , including literature and poetry .

neg: Commentary on the Water Classic The Commentary on the Water Classic or Shui Jing Zhu is a work on the ancient geography of China , describing the traditional understanding of its waterways and ancient canals , compiled by Li Daoyuan during the Northern Wei Dynasty ( 386-534 AD ) . The book is divided into sections by river , each described with its source , course , and major tributaries , including cultural and historical notes .   The work is much expanded from its source text , the older ( and now lost ) Water Classic ( Shuijing ) . The original text described 137 different rivers in China and was traditionally credited to Sang Qin during the Han dynasty . Qing-dynasty scholars gave it a later date ( during the Three Kingdoms period ) because of the names of the counties and commanderies . Its authorship was then attributed to Jin Dynasty scholar Guo Pu . Li Daoyuan 's 40-volume , 300,000-character version includes 1252 rivers .   Although very thorough for its time , it did repeat the earlier mistake of the `` Tribute of Yu '' in viewing the Min as the headwaters of the Yangtze . It was not until the Ming dynasty that Xu Xiake correctly listed the Jinsha as the principal source .

neg: Thermaic Gulf The Thermaic Gulf is a gulf of the Aegean Sea located immediately south of the Thessaloniki regional unit , east of Pieria and Imathia , and west of Chalkidiki . It was named after the ancient town of Therma , which was situated on the northeast coast of the gulf ( Therma was later renamed Thessalonica ) . Near Thessaloniki , the length ( north-south ) of the gulf is about 100 km , while its width ( east-west ) is about 5 km . The length of the gulf in its northern part ( from its northern extent down to `` megalo emvolo '' cape ) is estimated to stretch 15 km , while after `` megalo emvolo '' cape towards the south , its length extents a further 50 km . Cape Kassandra lies to the southeast end of the gulf .   To the Romans , the gulf was also known as Thermaicus or Thermaeus sinus ( `` Gulf of Therma '' ) and as Macedonicus sinus ( `` The Gulf of Macedon '' , or `` The Macedonian Gulf '' ) . One of its modern names is the `` Gulf of Salonica '' , named after the city of Thessaloniki which sprawls around and along the northeastern coast of the gulf .   Places that lie by the gulf include Sani , Kassandreia , ancient Potidaea , Nea Moudania , Agia Triada , Neoi Epivates , Peraia , Kalochori , Methoni , Pydna , Paralia Katerinis and Olympiaki Akti . The rivers emptying into the gulf are the Pineios , Aliakmon , Loudias , Gallikos and Axios ; several streams including one near Pydna also empty into the gulf . The Thermaic Gulf was significantly larger in classical times , with many ancient seaside cities ( e.g. Pella ) are now found several kilometers inland . The extensive silting mainly affects the northern and western parts of the gulf , which receive the bulk of alluvial outflow . The gulf is home to a large number of famous , pristine beaches , which include Sani Beach . However , there are no beaches on the northwest coast , where wetlands stretch from Methone ( northwest coast ) to Thessaloniki 's western suburb of Kalochori .   The Port of Thessaloniki is the gulf 's largest and busiest port , while another twelve small ports provide sea transport in , out and around the Thermaic gulf . Major road networks of northern Greece such as the A1/E75 motorway ( Athens - Lamia - Thessaloniki ) encircles the western portion of the gulf , while the A25 ( Thessaloniki - Nea Moudania motorway ) almost encircles the eastern part of it .   Category : Gulfs of the Aegean Sea  Category : Gulfs of Greece  Category : Geography of ancient Chalcidice  Category : Geography of ancient Mygdonia  Category : Bottiaea  Category : Geography of ancient Pieria  Category : Thessaloniki  Category : Landforms of Thessaloniki ( regional unit )  Category : Landforms of Central Macedonia  Category : Landforms of Pieria ( regional unit )  Category : Landforms of Imathia  Category : Landforms of Chalkidiki

neg: Humboldt Current The Humboldt Current System ( HCS ) , also called the Peru Current , is a major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystem that flows north along the western coast of South America . It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator , and extend 500-1 ,000 kilometers offshore . The Humboldt Current is named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt . In 1846 , von Humboldt reported measurements of the cold-water current in his book Cosmos .   The current extends from the southern Chile ( ~ 45 'S ) to northern Peru ( ~ 4 'S ) where cold , upwelled waters intersect warm tropical waters to form the Equatorial Front . Sea surface temperatures off the coast of Peru , around 5 'S , reach temperatures as low as 16 ' C . This is highly uncharacteristic of tropical waters , as most other regions have temperatures measuring above 25 ' C. Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface , which support phytoplankton and ultimately increase biological productivity .   Upwelling within the current is not uniform across the entire system . Three notable upwelling subsystems are produced by this current : i ) seasonal upwelling in Chile , ii ) upwelling `` shadow '' that is less productive , but still large in northern Chile and Southern Peru , and iii ) year-round upwelling in Peru .   The Humboldt Current is considered a Class I , highly productive ( > 300 gC/m2-yr ) , ecosystem . It is the most productive eastern boundary current system . It accounts for roughly 18-20 % of the total worldwide marine fish catch . The species are mostly pelagic : sardines , anchovies and jack mackerel . The system 's high productivity supports other important fishery resources as well as marine mammals ( eared seals and cetaceans ) and seabirds . The cold , nutrient-rich water brought to the surface by upwelling drives the system 's extraordinary productivity.Periodically , the upwelling that drives the system 's productivity is disrupted by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) event . When this occurs , fish abundance and distribution are significantly affected , often leading to stock crashes and cascading social and economic impacts . These events have led to sequential changes , where sardines and anchovies have replaced each other periodically as the dominant species in the ecosystem . These species changes can have negative consequences for the fishing industry and the economies of the countries that fish the system .   The Humboldt has a considerable cooling influence on the climate of Chile , Peru and Ecuador . It is also largely responsible for the aridity of Atacama Desert in northern Chile and coastal areas of Peru and also of the aridity of southern Ecuador . Marine air is cooled by the current and thus is not conducive to generating precipitation ( although clouds and fog are produced ) .

neg: Unified Deep Water System of European Russia The Unified Deep Water System of European Russia or UDWS is a system of inland waterways in Russia linking the White Sea , the Baltic Sea , the Volga River , Moscow , the Caspian Sea and -- via the Sea of Azov -- the Black Sea . In 2010 , UDWS carried 70 million tons of cargo and 12 million passengers , making up two-thirds of overall inland waterway traffic volume in Russia . There are 60 common-use ports and quays on UDWS , including 3 international ports ( 2 in Moscow and 1 in Dmitrov , Moscow Oblast ) . Owing to UDWS , Moscow is sometimes called `` the port of the five seas '' .   The depth throughout the system was targeted at 4.5 m , allowing passage of not only river craft but many sea-going vessels including warships and even nuclear submarines . However , at present time , the depth is mostly guaranteed at the lesser 4 m , except the even shallower sections like Gorodets -- Nizhny Novgorod at 2.5 m , Kochetovsky hydro-system -- stanitsa Bagayevskaya at 3.2 m , and others . There are plans to increase depth of these sections to 4 m.   The system includes these waterways :  Neva River  Lake Ladoga  Svir River  Lake Onega  Volga -- Baltic Waterway -- connects Lake Onega to Volga River ; built in early 19th century as Mariinsk Canal System , rebuilt in 1956 -- 1964  White Sea -- Baltic Canal -- connects Lake Onega to White Sea ; constructed in 1931 -- 1933  Moscow Canal -- directly connects Moscow to Volga River ; constructed in 1932 -- 1937  Volga River  Kama River  Belaya River  Volga -- Don Canal -- connects Volga River to Don River ; constructed in 1948 -- 1952  Don River

neg: Kaban Lakes The Kaban Lakes ( -LSB- Кабан күле , Qaban küle , قابان كولئ -RSB- ) are a system of lakes in Kazan , Republic of Tatarstan , Russia that includes Nizhny ( Blizhny ) Kaban , Verkhny Kaban , and Sredny Kaban . With a combined area of 1.86 km2 , they comprise the biggest lake in Tatarstan .   The lakes are connected with the Kazanka River by the Bolaq channel and a subterranean channel from Bolaq-Qazansu . They are also connected with the Volga River by the city 's sewage system .   The Thousandth Anniversary of Islam Mosque is situated on the bank .   The medieval Volga Bulgarians ' graves which date back to 12-13th century were founded on the banks of Arğı Qaban .   One legend claims that , in the days before the Khanate of Kazan fell , the Khans threw all their valuables into the lakes .   Another legend about the origin of the lakes ' names claims that , at the Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria , the Bulgarian prince Qabanbäk , escaped from Bilär city ( or in Bolghar ) , fled to the banks of the lake and built a castle . Another version is that he founded İske Qazan .   Tatar myth also places Zilant , who had been transformed to Diü , as the ruler of the mythological Underwater Kingdom of Qaban .

neg: Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea -LSB- ˌeɪdriˈætᵻk -RSB- is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges . The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea , extending from the Strait of Otranto ( where it connects to the Ionian Sea ) to the northwest and the Po Valley . The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Greece , Italy , Montenegro and Slovenia . The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands , mostly located along its eastern , Croatian , coast . It is divided into three basins , the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest , with a maximum depth of 1233 m . The Otranto Sill , an underwater ridge , is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas . The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto , along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western ( Italian ) coast . Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight , although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally . The Adriatic 's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean 's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean , acting as a dilution basin . The surface water temperatures generally range from 30 C in summer to 12 C in winter , significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin 's climate .   The Adriatic Sea sits on the Apulian or Adriatic Microplate , which separated from the African Plate in the Mesozoic era . The plate 's movement contributed to the formation of the surrounding mountain chains and Apennine tectonic uplift after its collision with the Eurasian plate . In the Late Oligocene , the Apennine Peninsula first formed , separating the Adriatic Basin from the rest of the Mediterranean . All types of sediment are found in the Adriatic , with the bulk of the material transported by the Po and other rivers on the western coast . The western coast is alluvial or terraced , while the eastern coast is highly indented with pronounced karstification . There are dozens of marine protected areas in the Adriatic , designed to protect the sea 's karst habitats and biodiversity . The sea is abundant in flora and fauna -- more than 7,000 species are identified as native to the Adriatic , many of them endemic , rare and threatened ones .   The Adriatic 's shores are populated by more than 3.5 million people ; the largest cities are Bari , Venice , Trieste and Split . The earliest settlements on the Adriatic shores were Etruscan , Illyrian , and Greek . By the 2nd century BC , the shores were under Rome 's control . In the Middle Ages , the Adriatic shores and the sea itself were controlled , to a varying extent , by a series of states -- most notably the Byzantine Empire , the Serbian Empire , the Republic of Venice , the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire . The Napoleonic Wars resulted in the First French Empire gaining coastal control and the British effort to counter the French in the area , ultimately securing most of the eastern Adriatic shore and the Po Valley for Austria . Following Italian unification , the Kingdom of Italy started an eastward expansion that lasted until the 20th century . Following World War I and the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire , the eastern coast 's control passed to Yugoslavia and Albania . The former disintegrated during the 1990s , resulting in four new states on the Adriatic coast . Italy and Yugoslavia agreed on their maritime boundaries by 1975 and this boundary is recognised by Yugoslavia 's successor states , but the maritime boundaries between Slovenian , Croatian , Bosnian-Herzegovinian , and Montenegrin waters are still disputed . Italy and Albania agreed on their maritime boundary in 1992 .   Fisheries and tourism are significant sources of income all along the Adriatic coast . Adriatic Croatia 's tourism industry has grown faster economically than the rest of the Adriatic Basin 's . Maritime transport is also a significant branch of the area 's economy -- there are 19 seaports in the Adriatic that each handle more than a million tonnes of cargo per year . The largest Adriatic seaport by annual cargo turnover is the Port of Trieste , while the Port of Split is the largest Adriatic seaport by passengers served per year .

neg: Heh (god) Ḥeḥ ( also Huh , Hah , Hauh , Huah , Hahuh and Hehu ) was in Egyptian mythology , the personification of infinity or eternity in the Ogdoad , his name itself meaning `` endlessness '' . His female counterpart was known as Hauhet , which is simply the feminine form of his name .   Like the other concepts in the Ogdoad , his male form was often depicted as a frog , or a frog-headed human , and his female form as a snake or snake-headed human . The frog head symbolized fertility , creation , and regeneration , and was also possessed by the other Ogdoad males Kek , Amun , and Nun . The other common representation depicts him crouching , holding a palm stem in each hand ( or just one ) , sometimes with a palm stem in his hair , as palm stems represented long life to the Egyptians , the years being represented by notches on it . Depictions of this form also had a shen ring at the base of each palm stem , which represented infinity . Depictions of Heh were also used in hieroglyphs to represent one million , which was essentially considered equivalent to infinity in Ancient Egyptian mathematics . Thus this deity is also known as the `` god of millions of years '' .

neg: Prehistoric Egypt The prehistory of Egypt spans the period from earliest human settlement to the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt around c. 3100 BC , starting with the first Pharaoh , Narmer for some egyptologists , Hor-Aha for others , ( also known as Menes ) . This Predynastic era is traditionally equivalent to the final part of the Neolithic period beginning c. 6000 BC and corresponds to the Naqada III period .   The dates of the Predynastic period were first defined before widespread archaeological excavation of Egypt took place , and recent finds indicating very gradual Predynastic development have led to controversy over when exactly the Predynastic period ended . Thus , the term `` Protodynastic period '' , sometimes called the `` Zero Dynasty '' , has been used by scholars to name the part of the period which might be characterized as Predynastic by some and Early Dynastic by others .   The Predynastic period is generally divided into cultural periods , each named after the place where a certain type of Egyptian settlement was first discovered . However , the same gradual development that characterizes the Protodynastic period is present throughout the entire Predynastic period , and individual `` cultures '' must not be interpreted as separate entities but as largely subjective divisions used to facilitate study of the entire period .   The vast majority of Predynastic archaeological finds have been in Upper Egypt , because the silt of the Nile River was more heavily deposited at the Delta region , completely burying most Delta sites long before modern times .

neg: Bindibu expedition The Bindibu expedition was a series of three field trips mounted by anthropologist Donald Thomson to meet with and learn from Pintupi Indigenous Australians between 1957 and 1965 .   Thomson travelled to the Great Sandy Desert and Gibson Desert -- the Western Desert -- one of the most inhospitable parts of the country , to meet with these people still living as they had done for many thousands of years .   The Pintupi ( Bindibu ) were the last Aboriginal group to make contact with Europeans over the period 1956 to 1984 . Many Pintupi people still remember this experience . For many , Thomson was the first white man they had ever seen .   In this research he concentrated on the Aborigines ' hunting and gathering practices . He provided a collection of Pintupi material including photographs , notes and films , which now form part of invaluable museum collections .   Just before he left the people , they gave him an invaluable lesson on desert water , including an important `` map '' to assist its location . White people had long been puzzled as to how Aborigines could possibly find water in this harsh environment . Many desert explorers had captured Aborigines and used force and brutality to gain this vital knowledge -- see for example , the history of the Canning Stock Route . Thomson writes :   Just before we left , the old men recited to me the names of more than fifty waters -- wells , rockholes and claypans ... this , in an area that the early explorers believed to be almost waterless , and where all but a few were , in 1957 , still unknown to the white man . And on the eve of our going , Tjappanongo ( Tjapanangka ) produced spear-throwers , on the backs of which were designs deeply incised , more or less geometric in form . Sometimes with a stick , or with his finger , he would point to each well or rock hole in turn and recite its name , waiting for me to repeat it after him . Each time , the group of old men listened intently and grunted in approval -- `` Eh ! '' -- or repeated the name again and listened once more . This process continued with the name of each water until they were satisfied with my pronunciation , when they would pass on to the next.I realized that here was the most important discovery of the expedition -- that what Tjappanongo and the old men had shown me was really a map , highly conventionalized , like the works on a `` message '' or `` letter '' stick of the Aborigines , of the waters of the vast terrain over which the Bindibu hunted.As well as writing in scholarly , anthropological journals , Thomson often filed articles back to many mainstream publications , such as The Australian Women 's Weekly , about his findings in the Outback with the world 's oldest surviving culture . He was often criticised for this for being low-brow . However , he defended his actions , realising the appeal and fascination of the ordinary Australian with the first Australians and their apparently simple , yet necessarily sophisticated , survival skills   Thomson said of the Bindibu : -LSB- They -RSB- have adapted themselves to that bitter environment so that they laugh deeply and grow the fattest babies in the world . ''

neg: Ishikari River The , at 268 km long , is the third longest in Japan and the longest in Hokkaidō . The river drains an area of 14330 km2 , making it the second largest in Japan , with a total discharge of around 14.8 km3 per year .   It originates from Mount Ishikari in the Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group and flows through Asahikawa and Sapporo . Major tributaries of the river include the Chūbetsu , Uryū , Sorachi and Toyohira rivers . Until 40,000 years ago , it flowed into the Pacific Ocean near Tomakomai . Lava from the volcanic Shikotsu mountains dammed the river and moved its mouth to the Sea of Japan .   The name of the river is derived from the Ainu for `` make ( s ) itself go round about something '' ( i-si-kari < kari meaning '' ( to be a ) circle , round , loop ; spin , turn , go around , go back and forth , '' si - `` reflexive prefix , itself , oneself , '' and i - `` it , something , an impersonal third person object marking prefix , middle voice inflection prefix ) , i.e. `` winding ( river ) . '' As it suggests , the river once meandered in the Ishikari plain and was as long as the Shinano River , the longest river in Japan . Massive construction shortened the river by 100 kilometers and left many in the plain .

neg: Body of water A body of water or waterbody ( often spelled water body ) is any significant accumulation of water , generally on a planet 's surface . The term most often refers to oceans , seas , and lakes , but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds , wetlands , or more rarely , puddles . A body of water does not have to be still or contained ; Rivers , streams , canals , and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water .   Most are naturally occurring geographical features , but some are artificial . There are types that can be either . For example , most reservoirs are created by engineering dams , but some natural lakes are used as reservoirs . Similarly , most harbors are naturally occurring bays , but some harbors have been created through construction .   Bodies of water that are navigable are known as waterways . Some bodies of water collect and move water , such as rivers and streams , and others primarily hold water , such as lakes and oceans .   The term body of water can also refer to a reservoir of water held by a plant , technically known as a phytotelma .   Bodies of water are effected by gravity which is what creates the tidal effects on Earth .

neg: Boura (Achaea) Boura ( also Bura , Bira ; Βοῦρα ) was an ancient city of Achaea , Greece , one of the 12 cities of the Achaean League .   It is said to have derived its name from Bura , a daughter of Ion and Helice .   The city was situated on a height 40 stadia from the sea , and southeast of Helike . Its name occurs in a line of Aeschylus , preserved by Strabo . It was swallowed up by the earthquake which destroyed Helike in 373 BCE , and all its inhabitants perished except those who were absent at the time . On their return they rebuilt the city , which was visited by Pausanias , who mentions its temples dedicated to Demeter , Aphrodite , Eileithyia and Isis . Strabo relates that there was a fountain at Boura called `` Sybaris '' , from which the river and city in Magna Graecia , Italy derived its name . On the revival of the Achaean League in 280 BCE , Boura was governed by a tyrant , whom the inhabitants slew in 275 BCE , and then joined the confederacy . A little to the east of Boura was the river Buraïcus ; and on the banks of this river , between Boura and the sea , was an oracular cavern of Heracles surnamed Buraicus .   The ruins of Boura have been discovered nearly midway between the rivers of Bokhusia ( Cerynites ) , and of Kalavryta ( Buraicus ) near Trupia . Ovid says that the ruins of Boura ( which he calls Bira ) , like those of Helike , were still to be seen at the bottom of the sea . Pliny the Elder makes the same assertion . Hence it has been supposed that the ancient Boura stood upon the coast , and after its destruction was rebuilt inland ; but neither Pausanias nor Strabo states that the ancient city was on the coast , and their words render it improbable .

neg: Aegae (Euboea) Aegae ( Αἰγαί Aigai ) was an ancient town on the west coast of the island of Euboea , opposite the mainland city of Anthedon . The geographer Strabo records a sanctuary of Aegean Poseidon on a mountain nearby .   It seems to be dinstict of legendary Aegae , the namesake of the Aegean Sea , which was situated on the east coast of the island , near modern Kymi . It 's not unlikely that Aegae got actually switched to Kymi/Cuma , as the generic name Kymi/Cuma , just means city in the Aeolic dialect .   Legendary Aegae is mentioned e.g. by Homer in Book 5 of the Odyssey , in which Poseidon `` lashed his long-maned horses and drove to Aegae , where he had his famous palace '' after having destroyed Odysseus ' raft with a storm . It was also mentioned by Homer in Book 13 of the Iliad , in which Poseidon '' -LSB- took three strides -RSB- , and with the fourth he reached his goal -- Aegae , where is his glittering golden palace , imperishable , in the depths of the sea . ''

neg: Underwater panther An underwater panther , called Mishipeshu or Mishibijiw in Ojibwe ( -LSB- mɪʃɪbɪʑɪw -RSB- ) , is one of the most important of several mythological water beings among many indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands and Great Lakes region , particularly among the Anishinaabe .   Mishipeshu translates into `` the Great Lynx '' . It has the head and paws of a giant cat but is covered in scales and has dagger-like spikes running along its back and tail . Mishipeshu calls Michipicoten Island in Lake Superior his home and is a powerful creature in the mythological traditions of some Native American tribes , particularly Anishinaabe tribes , the Odawa , Ojibwe , and Potawatomi , of the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States . In addition to the Anishinaabeg , Innu also have Mishibizhiw stories .   To the Algonquins , the underwater panther was the most powerful underworld being . The Ojibwe traditionally held them to be masters of all water creatures , including snakes . Some versions of the Nanabozho creation legend refers to whole communities of water lynx .   Some archaeologists believe that underwater panthers were major components of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex of the Mississippian culture in the prehistoric American Southeast .

neg: Matsesta River The Matsesta ( Мацеста , Мэсты Псы , МэшIост ) is a river in Krasnodar Krai , Russia , that flows into the Black Sea . The river rises in the southern ranges of the Alek mountains at an elevation of 900 m above sea level and flows through the Khostinsky City District of the city of Sochi and into the Black Sea . The river is 17 km long , and the highest point in the river 's basin is 1003 m above sea level . The river has numerous tributaries , the largest of which are the Tsanyk and Zmeyka .   The Matsesta is most famous for its sources of mineral water . The name of the river translates in the Ubykh language and the Circassian ( Adyghe ) language as `` fiery water '' , from the words mašč ' o ( fire ) and psy ( water ) . This was because people that immersed themselves in the water of the Matsesta found that their skin became red . There also exists a legend about a girl named Matsesta who invaded an underground kingdom in order to find the spirit of the mineral resources . She killed the spirit at the price of her own life and then brought the healing sources of the river to its surface .   The Matsesta was mentioned for the first time in history in 137 when the Roman military commander and historian Arrian described the coast of the Black Sea and the river Matsesta in a letter to the emperor Hadrian .   Category : Rivers of Krasnodar Krai

neg: Achaemenid Assyria Athura ( ð ð ° ð cents ð 1/4 ð Aθurā ) , also called Assyria Babylonia , was a geographical area within the Persian Achaemenid Empire held by the last nobility of Aššur ( Akkadian ) , known as Athura ( Neo-Aramaic ) or Atouria ( Greek ) , during the period of 539 BC to 330 BC as a military protectorate state of Persia under the rule of Cyrus the Great . Although sometimes regarded as a satrapy , Achaemenid royal inscriptions list it as a dahyu , a concept generally interpreted as meaning either a group of people or both a country and its people , without any administrati   It mostly incorporated the original Assyrian kingdom , corresponding with modern northern Iraq in the upper Tigris , the middle and upper Euphrates , modern-day north eastern Syria ( Eber-Nari ) and part of south-east Anatolia ( modern Turkey ) . The Neo-Assyrian Empire collapsed after a period of violent civil wars , followed by an invasion by a coalition of some of its former subject peoples , the Iranian peoples ( Medes , Persians and Scythians ) , Babylonians and Cimmerians in the late 7th century BC , culminating in the Battle of Nineveh , and Assyria had fallen completely by 605 BC . Between 605 and 559 BC , Assyria was divided between the Median Empire to the east and the Neo-Babylonian Empire to the west . Both parts were subsumed into the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC , and it has been argued that they constituted the satrapies of Media and Athura , respectively . In Herodotus ' account the Ninth Tributary District comprised `` Babylonia and the rest of Assyria '' , and excluded Eber-Nari .   Despite a few rebellions , Assyria functioned as an important part of the Achaemenid Empire . The Assyrian people were given the right to govern themselves throughout Achaemenid rule , and the Assyrian ( Aramaic ) language was used diplomatically by the Persians . Known for their combat skills , Assyrian soldiers ( along with the Lydians ) constituted the main heavy infantry of the Achaemenid empire 's military . Due to the major destruction of Assyria during the fall of its empire , some early scholars described the area as an `` uninhabited wasteland . '' Other Assyriologists , however , such as John Curtis and Simo Parpola , have strongly disputed this claim , citing how Assyria would eventually become one of the wealthiest regions among the Achaemenid Empire . This wealth was due to the land 's great prosperity for agriculture that the Persians used effectively for almost 200 years . In contrast to the policy of the Assyrian Empire , the Achaemenid Persians did not intervene in the internal affairs of their ruling satrapies as long as they continued the flow of tribute and taxes back to Persia .


query: Boromir appears in The Fellowship of the Ring.

pos: Boromir Boromir is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien 's legendarium . He appears in the first two volumes of The Lord of the Rings ( The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers ) , and is mentioned in the last volume , The Return of the King .  He is the heir of Denethor II ( the 26th Ruling Steward of Gondor ) and the elder brother of Faramir . In the course of the story Boromir joins the Fellowship of the Ring .   Boromir is portrayed as a noble character who believes passionately in the greatness of his kingdom , who would have defended its people to the last . Boromir 's great stamina and physical strength , together with a forceful and commanding personality , made him a widely admired commander in Gondor 's army : he was made Captain of the White Tower , and quickly became Captain-General , also bearing the title High Warden of the White Tower . He was also heir apparent to the Stewardship . Boromir led many successful forays against Sauron 's forces , prior to his journey north to Rivendell , which brought him great esteem in the eyes of his father , Denethor .

neg: Elf (Middle-earth) In J. R. R. Tolkien 's legendarium , Elves are one of the races that inhabit a fictional Earth , often called Middle-earth , and set in the remote past . They appear in The Hobbit and in The Lord of the Rings , but their complex history is described more fully in The Silmarillion . Tolkien had been writing about Elves long before he published The Hobbit .

neg: Elf deities The Seldarine ( Tel ` Seldarine in the elvish language ) is the pantheon of the good and neutral elven gods in many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game . The name roughly translates as `` the fellowship of brothers and sisters of the wood . '' The Seldarine are led by the greater deity Corellon Larethian . Their home plane is Arvandor ( part of Arborea/Mount Olympus ) .   There is also a Dark Seldarine , which is the name given to the Drow deities .

neg: The Notion Club Papers The Notion Club Papers is the title of an abandoned novel by J. R. R. Tolkien , written during 1945 and published posthumously in Sauron Defeated , the 9th volume of The History of Middle-earth . It is a space/time/dream travel story , written at the same time as The Lord of the Rings was being developed . The story itself revolves around the meetings of an Oxford arts discussion group called the Notion Club , a fictionalization of ( and a play on words on the name of ) Tolkien 's own such club , The Inklings .   During these meetings , Alwin Arundel Lowdham discusses his lucid dreams about Númenor ; through these dreams , he `` discovers '' much about the Númenor story and the languages of Middle-earth ( notably Quenya , Sindarin , and Adûnaic -- the last being the sole source of most of the material on Adûnaic ) . While not finished , at the end of the given story it becomes clear Lowdham himself is a reincarnation of sorts of Elendil . ( Alwin is a modernization of the name Ælfwine , Old English for Elf-friend , or Elendil in Quenya . ) Other members of the Club also mention their vivid dreams of other times and places .   Tolkien not only created fictional meetings for these papers but also created a fictional history for the manuscript of the papers . According to the papers , the meetings occurred in the 1980s ; they even mention events that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s . About one-quarter of the papers were found among sacks of waste paper in 2012 at Oxford by a Mr. Green . Mr. Green published a first edition containing excerpts from these papers , indicating that they were written during the 1980s by one of the participants . Two scholars read the first edition , asked to examine the manuscripts , and then submitted a full report . The `` Notes to the Second Edition '' mentions the contradictory evidence in dating the manuscripts , and an alternative date is presented : they may have been written in the 1940s .   These papers , which make a number of comments on Lewis ' Space Trilogy , are similar to C. S. Lewis ' commentary to Tolkien 's poem The Lay of Leithian , in which Lewis created a fictional history of scholarship of the poem and even referred to other manuscript tradition to recommend changes to the poem .   The Notion Club Papers may be seen as an attempt to re-write The Lost Road , published and discussed in The Lost Road and Other Writings , as being another attempt to tie the Númenórean legend in with a more modern tale . There is , however , no direct connection between the modern settings of the two stories within the fictional frame .   Jane Stanford links The Notion Club Papers to The Johnson Club Papers in her biography of John O'Connor Power , That Irishman . The two books have a similar title page . The Johnson Club was a ` Public House School ' and met in taverns like the Inklings . The purpose was ` Fellowship and free Exchange of Mind . ' The two clubs presented papers ` which were read before the members and discussed ' . Samuel Johnson , like Tolkien , had a strong connection with Pembroke College , Oxford . Stanley Unwin , Tolkien 's publisher , was a nephew of Fisher Unwin , the founding member of The Johnson Club .   According to Christopher Tolkien , had his father continued The Notion Club Papers , he would have linked the real world of Alwin Lowdham with his eponymous ancestor Ælfwine of England ( who compiled the Lost Tales ) and with Atlantis . One of the members of the Notion Club , one Michael George Ramer , combines lucid dreams with time-travel and experiences the tsunami that sank Númenor . He ca n't tell if its history , or fantasy , or something in between .   The Notion Club Papers mentions a great storm occurring during 1987 in England , on 12 June . This can be seen as an odd coincidence , since the actual Great Storm of 1987 occurred in October of that year .

neg: Rhûn In the fictional world of Middle-earth created by J. R. R. Tolkien , Rhûn ( -LSB- r̥uːːn -RSB- ) was a large region of eastern Middle-earth . Rhûn ( which is also the Elvish word for `` east '' ) was the name used for all lands lying east of Wilderland , around and beyond the inland Sea of Rhûn , from where came many attacks on Gondor and its allies during the Third Age of Middle-earth .

neg: The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring The Lord of the Rings : War of the Ring is a 2003 real-time strategy game ( RTS ) developed by Liquid Entertainment , the makers of the previous Battle Realms and its expansion , Winter of the Wolf , and published by Sierra Entertainment . Set in J. R. R. Tolkien 's fictional Middle-earth , it expands upon the events of the War of the Ring as told in his fantasy novel , The Lord of the Rings .   Unlike the later RTS The Lord of the Rings : The Battle for Middle-earth by Electronic Arts , War of the Ring is unrelated to the films by Peter Jackson . The game is officially licensed by Tolkien Enterprises , as are other book-based ( as opposed to film-based ) Tolkien games such as The Fellowship of the Ring and The Hobbit ( 2003 ) .

neg: Gandalf (mythology) Gandalf ( Gandálfr ) is a Dvergr ( Norse dwarf ) in Norse mythology , appearing in the so-called ` Tally of the Dwarves ' within the poem Völuspá from the Poetic Edda , as well as in the Prose Edda . The name derives from the Old Norse words gandr ( magic staff ) and álfr ( elf ) , thus a protective spirit who wields a magical wand .   The name was also used for a Norse king in the Heimskringla .   In his fictional writings , J. R. R. Tolkien eventually named his wizard Gandalf after the Dvergr , but initially used the name for the head of the dwarf party ( ultimately to be called Thorin Oakenshield ) .

neg: Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game) Lego The Lord of the Rings is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller 's Tales , that was released on Nintendo 3DS , Nintendo DS , PlayStation Vita , Microsoft Windows , Wii , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . The OS X version of the game , published by Feral Interactive , was released on 21 February 2013 .   Based on The Lord of the Rings film trilogy , the game follows the original but spoofed storylines of The Fellowship of the Ring , The Two Towers , and The Return of the King , taking players through the epic story events , `` re-imagined with the humour and endless variety of Lego play '' . The game utilises music and voice acting taken from all three films of the film trilogy . Developer Traveller 's Tales has stated they toned down the slapstick humor found in other Lego-licensed titles . The game follows the events in the films ; however , like the Lego Star Wars series , some scenes from the films have been altered to become more family friendly or just provide comic relief to the player .

neg: Angband In J. R. R. Tolkien 's fantasy world of Middle-earth , Angband ( Sindarin for ` iron prison ' ) is the name of the fortress of Melkor , constructed before the First Age , located in the Iron Mountains in the enemy 's land Dor Daedeloth north of Beleriand .   The fortress is described in Tolkien 's The Silmarillion . It was built by Melkor ( later called Morgoth ) to guard against a possible attack from Aman by the Valar . Nonetheless , the Valars ' attack succeeded in capturing Morgoth and destroying his main stronghold Utumno .   However , while the Valar had focused on destroying Utumno utterly , Angband , though devastated , was only partially destroyed . Over time , the dark creatures in Morgoth 's service would gather in its ruined pits . After three ages of imprisonment , Morgoth returned to Middle-earth and set himself up in Angband , raising the volcanic Thangorodrim over the fortress as protection . He seldom came out of it again , but did when challenged to single combat by the Elven king Fingolfin and earlier to investigate the first appearance of Men . He reigned there until the end of the First Age , when it was destroyed in the War of Wrath . In earlier versions of Tolkien 's mythology ( see The History of Middle-earth ) it was called Angamando , the Quenya form of the name .

neg: Éowyn Éowyn is a fictional character in Tolkien 's legendarium who appears in his most famous work , The Lord of the Rings . She is a noblewoman of Rohan who is described as a shieldmaiden .

neg: The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen is a story written by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien . It can be found in Appendix A of Tolkien 's most famous book , The Lord of the Rings . It takes place in the Third Age of the author 's fictional universe , Middle-earth . The tale tells the story of the love of the mortal Man Aragorn and the immortal Elf-maiden Arwen .   In Tolkien 's fictional universe , the tale was written by Faramir and Éowyn 's grandson Barahir after Aragorn 's death . An abbreviated version of the tale was included in the copy of the Thain 's Book made by Findegil in .   The tale tells of Aragorn 's first meeting with Arwen at Rivendell and of their later meeting in Lothlórien , where Arwen chose a mortal life and pledged her love to Aragorn . It also tells of Aragorn 's death in and of Arwen 's death a year later . The short version of `` The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen '' can be found in Appendix A of The Lord of the Rings .

neg: Eru Ilúvatar Eru Ilúvatar is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium . He is introduced in The Silmarillion as the supreme being of the universe , creator of all existence . In Tolkien 's invented Elvish language Quenya , Eru means `` The One '' , or `` He that is Alone '' and Ilúvatar signifies `` Father of All '' . The names appear in Tolkien 's work both in isolation and paired ( Eru Ilúvatar ) .

neg: Quest of Erebor In J. R. R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth fiction , Quest of Erebor can refer to :   The events described in The Hobbit  `` The Quest of Erebor '' , a story by Tolkien on Gandalf 's dealings leading up to the quest

neg: Calaquendi In the fictional universe of J. R. R. Tolkien , Calaquendi means in Quenya `` Light-folk '' , but was often translated `` Elves of the Light '' . This name has a long history .   There existed two old elvish compounds in the Quenderin language , Primitive Quendian with * kwendī `` Elves '' : * kala-kwendī and * mori-kwendī , meaning the `` Light-folk '' and the `` Dark-folk '' . These two words date from the time before the Sundering of the Elves , or rather to the time of the debate among them about the invitation by the Valar to migrate to Valinor .   Both words were made by the party favourable to the Vala Oromë , and referred originally to Elves who desired the Light of Valinor versus Elves who did not wish to leave Middle-earth . * Mori-kwendī had from the beginning a negative sense , implying that these Elves were not so much opposed to the shadows Melkor had put upon Middle-earth .   The Quenya forms became Calaquendi and Moriquendi . The term Calaquendi in Quenya applied only to the Elves who actually lived ( or had lived ) in Eldamar ; and the Moriquendi included all other Elves , whether or not they had participated in the March to Valinor . The Moriquendi were regarded as greatly inferior by the Calaquendi , who lived in the Light of the Two Trees , and had also received great knowledge and powers by living with the Valar and Maiar .   In Exilic Quenya the Noldor did not make much use of the terms Calaquendi or Moriquendi , which were rather offensive to the Sindar of Beleriand . Calaquendi became obsolete , and was used only in writings in the Parmaquesta .   According to The Silmarillion , Elu Thingol was not counted among the Moriquendi , although he was king of the Moriquendi of Beleriand ; for he had seen the light of the Trees in Valinor .

neg: Barahir Barahir is a fictional character in the Middle-earth universe of the English author J. R. R. Tolkien . He appears in The Silmarillion , the epic poem The Lay of Leithian and the Grey Annals .

neg: Beleriand In J. R. R. Tolkien 's fictional legendarium , Beleriand was a region in northwestern Middle-earth during the First Age . Events in Beleriand are described chiefly in his work The Silmarillion , which tells the story of the early ages of Middle-earth in a style similar to the epic hero tales of Nordic literature . Beleriand also appears in the works The Book of Lost Tales , The Children of Húrin , and in the epic poems of The Lays of Beleriand .

neg: Orodreth In the published version of The Silmarillion , Orodreth ( -LSB- oˈrodreθ -RSB- ) was an Elf of the First Age , the second son of Finarfin ( with Finrod Felagund , Angrod , Aegnor , and Galadriel being his siblings ) , and a ruler of Nargothrond .   His name in Quenya was Artaresto ( -LSB- ˌartaˈresto -RSB- ) and he was born in Valinor .   Orodreth held the tower of Minas Tirith on the island of Tol Sirion in the vale of Sirion until Sauron overran the isle and renamed it Tol-in-Gaurhoth . Orodreth then fled south to Nargothrond . Without the aid of Celegorm and Curufin , who had suddenly attacked the forces of Sauron with whatever forces they could gather , Orodreth might have fallen .   When Beren came to Nargothrond , Finrod went with him on his quest for the Silmaril . However Celegorm and Curufin the Sons of Fëanor were also at Nargothrond , and forced Finrod to lay down his crown . Orodreth took it , ruling as regent , but the Sons of Fëanor held the real power .   When news came that Finrod had been killed , the Sons of Fëanor were expelled from Nargothrond , and Orodreth became its leader .   When Túrin Turambar arrived in Nargothrond he gradually became its de facto leader , although Orodreth remained lord in name .   Orodreth had one daughter : Finduilas . He later died fighting the hosts of Morgoth and Glaurung the Dragon in the Battle of Tumhalad and Finduilas was taken and slain shortly afterwards . The only other member of the house of Finarfin to have descendants was Orodreth 's sister Galadriel , who had left Beleriand before the end of the First Age .

neg: Dagor-nuin-Giliath In J. R. R. Tolkien 's fictional Middle-earth , the Dagor-nuin-Giliath ( Battle under the Stars ) ( -LSB- ˈdɑɡɒr ˈnui̯n ˈɡiliaθ -RSB- ) is the second battle of the Wars of Beleriand , but the first involving the Noldor .   The Noldor following of Fëanor arrive in Middle-earth at the Firth of Drengist , and after burning their fleet , pass into Hithlum and encamp on the northern shore of Lake Mithrim . Their unforeseen arrival completely surprises Morgoth . This opportunity is somewhat compromised by Fëanor 's ill-considered , wanton burning of the Telerin ships . The great fire alerts Morgoth and causes the Dark Lord to delay his plan to conquer Beleriand . He redeploys his forces to meet this new and unexpected threat .   Morgoth yet knows little of his foe 's strengths and abilities . He hopes to destroy the Noldor under Fëanor before they can establish themselves . He attempts to concentrate several Orc forces to achieve this . An Orc-host is sent from Angband to attack over passes of the mountains of Ered Wethrin , and the Orc-host occupying East Beleriand and besieging the Havens of Círdan in the south is recalled to join in the attack . The Orcs of Morgoth far outnumber the Fëanorian Noldor , but the Orc-captains are unable to coordinate their attack and take advantage of their full , combined might . The Noldor are freshly empowered by the Light of Valinor , and using marvellous weapons and armour as well as the previously unseen cavalry they defeat the Orc forces in detail .   The first Orc-host of some 40,000 is quickly overwhelmed in Mithrim and retreats north through Ard-galen , with Fëanor in furious pursuit leading much of the cavalry . The Orc-captains of the south commanding an army reduced in strength from besieging the Havens of the Falas after the First Battle of Beleriand , move north to join the attack . Celegorm , leading the rest of the Fëanorian Noldor , waylays their line of march in the pass below Eithel Sirion , driving them into the Fens . Trapped between Celegorm 's force and the Fens of Serech , the majority of the Orcs perish in a ten-day battle and the remnants try to flee back to Angband .   Fëanor , reckless in his wrath , pursues the Orcs across the plain of Ard-galen and became separated from his vanguard . At the north edge of the plain , on Dor Daedeloth , the Orcs make a stand and Gothmog leads his Balrogs forth from Thangorodrim to their aid . Fëanor stands his ground and long fights alone , until he is mortally wounded . Fëanor is rescued by his sons , but dies soon after .   The Dagor-nuin-Giliath is a bittersweet victory for the Fëanorian Noldor , as they destroy nearly all of Morgoth 's forces in the several battles , but Fëanor is slain , and they had lost one of their princes .   In some tellings of the War of the Jewels , the Battle of Lammoth is counted as part of the Battle-under-Stars . In those tales , immediately following the rising of the Moon , Fingolfin and the second , greater Host of the Noldor arrive in Lammoth . There , they are attacked by Orcs which are sent by Morgoth to attack Fëanor in the rear , and they fight their first battle , the Battle of Lammoth . The Noldor are caught off-guard , and Fingolfin 's son Argon is slain after a valiant fight that nevertheless dismays the enemy . Fingolfin and his host pursue the Orcs until they are completely destroyed , and then pass into Mithrim as the Sun first rises .

neg: Farmer Maggot Farmer Maggot is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien 's Middle-earth universe , introduced in The Fellowship of the Ring . He lives on a farm called Bamfurlong in the Marish region of the Eastfarthing of the Shire . Edible mushrooms , highly prized among Hobbits , grow abundantly on his land , and Farmer Maggot often has to deal with other Hobbits stealing them , which is one reason he keeps a pack of large , fierce dogs .

neg: The Two Towers The Two Towers is the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien 's high fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings . It is preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring and followed by The Return of the King .

neg: Forlong the Fat Forlong the Fat is a fictional character in the Middle-earth universe created by J. R. R. Tolkien . He is a supporting character in The Lord of the Rings , appearing in the third volume , The Return of the King . However , he was cut from the 2003 film adaptation .


query: Dangerously in Love was released by Beyoncé in 2002.

pos: Dangerously in Love Dangerously in Love is the debut studio album by American singer Beyoncé . It was released on June 24 , 2003 , by Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment . During the recording of Destiny 's Child 's third studio album Survivor ( 2001 ) , the group announced that they would produce solo albums to be released . Recording sessions for the album took place from March 2002 to March 2003 at several studios , during the hiatus of her then-group Destiny 's Child . As executive producer of the album , Beyoncé took a wider role in its production , co-writing a majority of the songs , choosing which ones to produce and sharing ideas on the mixing and mastering of tracks .   The tracks in the album are a mixture of uptempo songs and ballads , which are basically inspired by R&B and soul genres ; it also features elements of hip hop and Arabic music . Although Beyoncé remained discreet about her interpretation of the songs , its underlying meanings were attributed by music writers as an allusion to her intimate relationship with then-boyfriend and well-known music mogul Jay-Z . Dangerously in Love received positive reviews from music critics upon its release , with critics praising Knowles ' `` artistic leap '' . The album also received numerous accolades , earning Beyoncé five Grammy Awards .   Dangerously in Love reached a worldwide commercial success , earning multi-platinum certifications in Australia , the United Kingdom , and the United States . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 317,000 copies in its first week , earning Beyoncé the highest debut sales among Destiny 's Child members ' solo albums . Dangerously in Love has sold over 11 million copies worldwide and has produced two number one Billboard singles and multiple top tens .

neg: Brass Knuckles (album) Brass Knuckles is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Nelly , released on September 16 , 2008 . The album cover was voted the ` Sexiest Album Cover Women Play Themselves To ' in the Playboy Bunnies Convention in 2009 . In 2008 Nelly embarked on The Brass Knuckles Tour in support of the album .

neg: This Is the Remix (Destiny's Child album) This Is the Remix is a remix album by American R&B group Destiny 's Child . Released in the United States on March 12 , 2002 by Columbia Records , the album contains a blend of R&B and dance remixes from the band 's previously released three albums Destiny 's Child ( 1998 ) , The Writing 's on the Wall ( 1999 ) and Survivor ( 2001 ) as well as solo material . The album 's name is a self-explanatory message taken from the first track `` No , No , No Part 2 '' .   Upon its release , the album reached number 19 on the US Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart and entered the top thirty of the Billboard 200 , while reaching the top ten of the New Zealand Albums Chart . Critical reception was generally positive with Allmusic remarking that `` these versions are n't only different ; usually , they 're better than the originals . ''

neg: Brasil Hot 100 Airplay Brasil Hot 100 Airplay is the official music singles charts in Brazil . It has been compiled by Crowley Broadcast Analysis and published monthly by Billboard Brasil since the release of the magazine , in October 2009 . Since April 2014 , the Brazilian Billboard began publishing on its Brazilian site , the weekly Hot 100 , as it is , and has always been held at the site , and Billboard magazine in other countries as well as the American Billboard .   It is the top 100 songs , both national and international titles , the most varied genres , computed based on the total number of executions in the period indicated and the grid base stations Crowley , that monitors 256 radio stations located in the grid-base stations , made from Monday to Friday from 7 am to 7 pm . This grid includes the cities of São Paulo , Rio de Janeiro , Brasília , Campinas , Ribeirão Preto , Belo Horizonte , Curitiba , Porto Alegre , Recife , Salvador , Florianópolis , Fortaleza , Goiânia , Campo Grande , Cuiabá and the Triângulo Mineiro , Vale do Paraíba and Paulista Littoral mesoregions .   The first song which reached in number-one on the chart was `` Halo '' by Beyoncé . `` I Want to Know What Love Is '' by Mariah Carey is the longest running number 1 ( 27 weeks ) , followed by Beyoncé 's `` Halo '' ( the most played song in the country , in 2009 ) .

neg: To Live and Die in CA To Live and Die in CA is the second compilation album by rapper Daz Dillinger . It was released on October 1 , 2002 through D.P.G. Recordz .

neg: Sugar Symphony Sugar Symphony is the debut extended play ( EP ) by American recording duo Chloe x Halle . It was released under Parkwood Entertainment , under exclusive license to Columbia Records , on April 29 , 2016 . The EP was their first official release since being signed by Beyoncé . The EP features their debut single , `` Drop '' . The music video for the single was directed by Andrew Hines , and currently has over two million views on YouTube .   In March 2016 , Michelle Obama introduced Chloe and Halle at the White House Easter Egg Roll , where they performed `` Fall '' from the EP , alongside Michelle Obama 's `` This Is For My Girls '' and an unreleased track , `` Baby Bird '' . In June , they performed `` Drop '' at the YouTube Music Foundry in New York City , and later in the month at the BET Awards 2016 in Los Angeles . In July , they performed songs from the EP as a support act for the European leg of Beyoncé 's The Formation World Tour .

neg: Beautiful Liar `` Beautiful Liar '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé and Colombian singer Shakira . It was written by Beyoncé , Amanda Ghost , Ian Dench , and Stargate members Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen , and produced by Stargate and Beyoncé for the re-release of Beyoncé 's second solo album , B'Day ( 2006 ) . The mixing of the song was done by Gustavo Celis . `` Beautiful Liar '' was released on March 14 , 2007 , by Columbia Records as the first single from the deluxe edition of the album . A Spanish and English mixed version of the song was produced and titled `` Bello Embustero '' .   `` Beautiful Liar '' is a mid-tempo song ; musically , it is a melding of Shakira 's Latin and Middle Eastern styles with Beyoncé 's contemporary hip hop and R&B styles . Its theme is female empowerment ; two female protagonists sing about being charmed by the same man , but instead of fighting over him , both ladies agree that he is not worth their time . The song was well received by music critics , who praised generally Beyoncé 's and Shakira 's collaboration . `` Beautiful Liar '' was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 50th Grammy Awards and the Spanish version was nominated for Record of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 . It won an Ivor Novello Awards for Best-Selling British Song in 2008 .   `` Beautiful Liar '' was commercially successful . It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and experienced the largest upward movement on that chart until 2008 . The song peaked at number one in many European countries , including France , Germany , Hungary , Ireland , Italy , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Switzerland , and the United Kingdom . Its accompanying music video was directed by Jake Nava , incorporates belly dancing moves . `` Beautiful Liar '' won the Most Earthshattering Collaboration award at the 2007 MTV Video Music Award . The song was included on Beyoncé 's set list during her 2007 The Beyoncé Experience world tour .

neg: Daddy (Beyoncé song) `` Daddy '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her debut studio album , Dangerously in Love ( 2003 ) . It was composed by Beyoncé as well as Mark Batson . The song was not originally intended to be featured on the final track listing of the album . Beyoncé was able to record the song as the release date of her debut album had been postponed . `` Daddy '' was released to US iTunes Store as a digital single on June 3 , 2003 , through Columbia Records .   Beyoncé explained that the song 's development was motivated by the devotion and the loyalty her father/manager , Mathew Knowles has towards his family members . Many of the songs on the album examine aspects of relationships . However , `` Daddy '' was considered to be an element analyzing the kinship ties between a father and his offspring from a different and more powerful perspective . Music critics , who generally received the song with positive reception , commented that the song was a way for Beyoncé to pay tribute to her father .

neg: I Am... World Tour I Am ... World Tour ( sometimes referred to as the I Am ... Tour ) was the fourth concert tour by American recording artist Beyoncé . It was launched in support of her third studio album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) . The tour was announced in October 2008 and the first dates were revealed in December 2008 . It kicked off in late-March 2009 with five rehearsal shows in North America , officially commencing in late April 2009 . The tour visited the Americas , Europe , Asia , Africa , and Australia with 108 shows in total . Preparations for the shows began eight months prior to the beginning of the tour with twelve-hour rehearsals for two months . Knowles described the shows as her best and most theatrical from all of her tours . Pre-concert food drives were held during several stops of the I Am ... World Tour as part of a campaign by General Mills ' Hamburger Helper entitled , `` Show Your Helping Hand '' where fans were asked to bring food during the concerts .   The set list for the concerts included songs from Knowles ' three studio albums as well as several covers of other artists and a Destiny 's Child medley . The central theme of the tour was to showcase the difference between Knowles ' dual personality ; her emotional side and her onstage persona , Sasha Fierce which was also demonstrated in the dual album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . The show featured two stages -- the main one and a smaller B-stage where Knowles was transferred during the middle of the show . She was backed by an all-female band , female background dancers and a big LED screen . Thierry Mugler collaborated with Knowles on the costumes and had a creative advisor role further working on the choreography , lighting and production . Chris March made the costumes usable for stage and helped in their making . For the ballads , Knowles wore longer dresses while for the performances of the up-tempo songs , more make-up and more revealing outfits were worn . The fashion and Knowles ' look and figure received praise from critics .   I Am ... World Tour received critical acclaim from music critics who praised Knowles ' performance abilities calling her the best female performer and chose the performances of `` Ave Maria '' , `` Listen '' and `` At Last '' as highlights during the shows . A concert in Malaysia was cancelled by Knowles after several Muslim groups tried to ban it although she agreed to tone down her look according to the country 's standards . The tour was commercially successful grossing $ 86.0 million from 93 shows in total . Separate performances of several songs were broadcast on different channels and two concerts were released as live albums ; the live performance at the I Am ... Yours revue was released in a CD/DVD format in 2009 and footage of the tour was released on an eponymous titled live album in 2010 .

neg: Ratchet (slang) Ratchet is a slang term in hip hop that in the strictest sense refers to an uncouth female , and is a Louisianan regiolect of `` wretched '' . The term has devolved to multiple meanings and connotations and is not bound by race or gender . The term gained popularity in 2012 through music artists and celebrities . It has been used similarly as the word `` ghetto '' . `` Ratchet '' can be used as an adjective , noun , or verb . The word has evolved to have many different meanings , and it can have either a positive or negative connotation . Some African-American women have reappropriated the word and embrace the meaning , whereas others point to how the term reinforces the negative portrayal of African-American women in the media .   Numerous music artists have referred to the term `` ratchet '' in their songs . In November 2012 , LL Cool J released a single called `` Ratchet '' . In December 2012 , Beyoncé posted a picture of her wearing earrings that contained the word `` ratchet '' in it . Juicy J , Lil Debbie , Cam ` ron , Future , and Lil ' Boosie are some other artists who have also used the term in their music . Miley Cyrus had been criticized by some as appropriating ratchet culture .   The word ratchet first appeared in publication in 1999 , with the song `` Do the Ratchet '' by Anthony Mandigo from Shreveport , Louisiana . Mandigo reportedly learned the term from his grandmother . In 2004 , a new version of the song was recorded . The producer of the song named Earl Williams , also known as Phunk Dawg , wrote the definition in the CD liner notes : `` n. , pron. , v , adv. , 1 . To be ghetto , real , gutter , nasty . 2 . It 's whatever , bout it , etc. . ''

neg: Party (Beyoncé song) `` Party '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album , 4 ( 2011 ) . It features guest vocals from American rapper André 3000 and uncredited vocals from Kanye West , and was released by Columbia Records as the fourth single from 4 on August 30 , 2011 . The song was written by Kanye West , Jeff Bhasker and Beyoncé , with the production being handled by Beyoncé and West and was co-produced by Bhasker . A midtempo R&B song , `` Party '' exhibits elements of the 1980s funk and soul music , and samples the 1985 song `` La Di Da Di '' , written by Dexter Mills , Douglas Davis and Ricky Walters . It recalls the work of New Edition and Prince , among others . Built on a 808-retro beat , multi-tracked harmonies , and a smooth groove , the song 's instrumentation includes slow-bouncing synthesizers , keyboard tones , and drums . Lyrically , `` Party '' gives ode to political themes such as feminism and sexual empowerment . In his rap verses , André 3000 references milk and gets philosophical about his own career . `` Party '' was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 54th Grammy Awards .   The song reached number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . It debuted on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart in July 2011 , and peaked at number 2 on the chart for three consecutive weeks . Following the release of 4 , `` Party '' charted at number 19 on the South Korea Gaon International Singles Chart . `` Party '' was part of Beyoncé 's set list for her 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé and the Revel Presents : Beyoncé Live residency shows .

neg: List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 .   In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest .   Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks .   `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .

neg: House of Deréon House of Deréon was a ready-to-wear fashion line introduced by singer and actress Beyoncé and her mother/stylist Tina Knowles . The style and concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family , with the name `` Deréon '' paying tribute to Beyoncé 's maternal grandmother , Agnèz Deréon ( Mother of Tina Knowles ) . As of 2012 the junior line Deréon has been discontinued .

neg: Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success .   Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively .   In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .

neg: Love Is in Control (Finger on the Trigger) `` Love Is in Control ( Finger on the Trigger ) '' is a Grammy-nominated single from Donna Summer 's self-titled 1982 album .

neg: Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 .   The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart .   On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts .   The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .

neg: Mama's Gun Mama 's Gun is the second studio album by American neo soul singer Erykah Badu . It was recorded between 1999 and 2000 at Electric Lady Studios in New York and released on November 21 , 2000 , by Motown Records . A neo soul album , Mama 's Gun incorporates funk , soul , and jazz styles . It has confessional lyrics by Badu , which cover themes of insecurity , social issues and personal relationships . The album has been viewed by critics as a female companion to neo soul artist D'Angelo 's second album Voodoo ( 2000 ) , which features a similar musical style and direction . Critics have also noted that while Baduizm contained its share of cryptic lyricism , Mama 's Gun is much more direct in its approach , and places the artist in a subjective position more than its predecessor .   The album contains the single `` Bag Lady '' , Badu 's first top 10 Billboard hit , which was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and for Best R&B Song . The song `` Did n't Cha Know ? '' was also nominated for Best R&B Song . The album features substantial contributions from several members of the Soulquarians outfit , of which Badu was a member . It also features guests such as soul singer Betty Wright and trumpeter Roy Hargrove . Mama 's Gun was met with great critical success and sold strongly , reaching Platinum two months after its release . Thematically the album explores topics regarding self-esteem , relationship breakdowns , and police brutality , and features a more eclectic sound than its predecessor . Rolling Stone magazine named it one of the Top 10 Albums of 2000 .

neg: Upgrade U `` Upgrade U '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her second studio album B'Day ( 2006 ) . The song features additional vocals from American rapper Jay-Z . It was composed by Swizz Beatz , Cameron Wallace , Beyoncé , MK , Makeba , Sean Garrett , Angela Beyincé , Jay-Z , Willie Clarke , Clarence Reid , and Beyoncé 's sister , Solange . Columbia Records released `` Upgrade U '' as a promotional single on November 27 , 2006 in the United States only . `` Upgrade U '' draws from the genres of hip hop and contemporary R&B . The concept of the song revolves around a woman offering luxuries to a man to upgrade his lifestyle .   `` Upgrade U '' was generally well received by music critics , some praising Knowles ' assertiveness while singing about her desire to give luxuries to her man . Many also praised the natural chemistry that Knowles and Jay-Z have in the song . After the release of B'Day , `` Upgrade U '' started to gain popularity on R&B and hip hop radio stations in the United States . This prompted its pre-release debut on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and later on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart ; after its promotional release , the song peaked at number 11 and at number 59 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and the Hot 100 charts respectively .   The music video for the song was directed by Melina Matsoukas , and took one and a half days of shooting . Knowles did an impersonation of Jay-Z in the clip and is also seen amidst gold watches and jewelry , continuing the motif of luxury that is alluded to in the song . It finally emerged as the forty-fifth best R&B / Hip-Hop song of 2007 in the United States . Although Knowles did not perform `` Upgrade U '' in any televised appearances , the song was a part of her set list on The Beyoncé Experience tour ( 2007 ) , and I Am ... Tour ( 2009 -- 10 ) , as well as her and Jay Z 's joint On the Run Tour ( 2014 ) .

neg: Unplugged (Alicia Keys album) Unplugged is the first live album ( third overall ) by American recording artist Alicia Keys . It was recorded as part of the television program MTV Unplugged on July 4 , 2005 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in Brooklyn , New York City , and released in the United States on October 11 , 2005 by J Records , including songs from her multi-platinum albums Songs in A Minor and The Diary of Alicia Keys . The album debuted on the US Billboard 200 chart at number one , with first-week sales of 196,000 copies in the US . and over 245,000 copies worldwide -- the highest debut for an MTV Unplugged album since Nirvana 's 1994 MTV Unplugged in New York and the first Unplugged by a female artist to debut at number one . The album has sold over one million copies in the United States and over 2.5 million copies worldwide . Additionally , it received four nominations for the 2006 Grammy Awards , including Best R&B Album .   The first single released from the album was `` Unbreakable '' , which peaked at number thirty-four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number four on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . The second single , `` Every Little Bit Hurts '' , was released in January 2006 . The video premiered on January 17 on BET 's 106 & Park . The album and DVD includes songs from her multi-platinum albums Songs in A Minor and The Diary of Alicia Keys .

neg: Set My Love in Motion Set My Love In Motion is the Grammy Award-nominated fifth studio album by Grammy-nominated American R&B singer and songwriter Syreeta Wright ( known as `` Syreeta '' ) , released on the Motown label on July 2 , 1981 . It debuted on the Billboard R&B Albums at # 10 , at # 43 on the Billboard 200 . The album yielded the singles : `` You Set My Love in Motion '' , `` Ca n't Shake Your Love '' and `` Quick Slick '' .

neg: Just Whitney Just Whitney is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Whitney Houston , released on December 10 , 2002 in North America by Arista Records . It was her first studio album in four years , since 1998 's My Love Is Your Love , and after signing her new $ 100 million Arista contract in 2001 .   The album debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 , and number three of Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums , with sales of 205,147 copies in the first week , not only beating her previous high first-week sales of 177,284 units with the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack but also logged her highest debut sales out of her SoundScan-era solo albums . The album received mixed reviews from music critics .   It spawned four official singles -- with three ; `` Whatchulookinat '' , `` Love That Man '' and `` Try It on My Own '' peaking at number one on Billboards Hot Dance Club Play chart . `` Try It on My Own '' also peaked at number 10 on Billboards Adult Contemporary singles . Since its release , Just Whitney ... has gone on to sell/ship more than 2 million units worldwide and has also earned Platinum certification in the US and Switzerland and Gold in France , Brazil and other countries . As of 2012 , the album 's US sales stand at approximately 1 million units . In 2003 , Just Whitney ... was nominated at the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards in the category for Best R&B / Soul Album of the Year .