query: George Washington played a part in the American Revolution.

pos: George Washington George Washington ( -LSB- ˈdʒɔɹdʒ_ˈwɒʃɪŋtən -RSB- -- , 1799 ) was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War , and later presided over the 1787 convention that drafted the United States Constitution . He is popularly considered the driving force behind the nation 's establishment and came to be known as the `` father of the country , '' both during his lifetime and to this day .   Washington was widely admired for his strong leadership qualities and was unanimously elected president by the Electoral College in the first two national elections . He oversaw the creation of a strong , well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the French Revolutionary Wars , suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion , and won acceptance among Americans of all types . Washington 's incumbency established many precedents still in use today , such as the cabinet system , the inaugural address , and the title Mr. President . His retirement from office after two terms established a tradition that lasted until 1940 when Franklin Delano Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term . The 22nd Amendment ( 1951 ) now limits the president to two elected terms .   He was born into the provincial gentry of Colonial Virginia to a family of wealthy planters who owned tobacco plantations and slaves , which he inherited . In his youth , he became a senior officer in the colonial militia during the first stages of the French and Indian War . In 1775 , the Second Continental Congress commissioned him as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolution . In that command , Washington forced the British out of Boston in 1776 but was defeated and nearly captured later that year when he lost New York City .   After crossing the Delaware River in the middle of winter , he defeated the British in two battles ( Trenton and Princeton ) , retook New Jersey , and restored momentum to the Patriot cause . His strategy enabled Continental forces to capture two major British armies at Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781 . Historians laud Washington for the selection and supervision of his generals ; preservation and command of the army ; coordination with the Congress , state governors , and their militia ; and attention to supplies , logistics , and training . In battle , however , Washington was repeatedly outmaneuvered by British generals with larger armies .   After victory had been finalized in 1783 , Washington resigned as commander-in-chief rather than seize power , proving his opposition to dictatorship and his commitment to American republicanism . Washington presided over the Constitutional Convention in 1787 , which devised a new form of federal government for the United States . Following his election as president in 1789 , he worked to unify rival factions in the fledgling nation . He supported Alexander Hamilton 's programs to satisfy all debts , federal and state , established a permanent seat of government , implemented an effective tax system , and created a national bank . In avoiding war with Great Britain , he guaranteed a decade of peace and profitable trade by securing the Jay Treaty in 1795 , despite intense opposition from the Jeffersonians . He remained non-partisan , never joining the Federalist Party , although he largely supported its policies . Washington 's Farewell Address was an influential primer on civic virtue , warning against partisanship , sectionalism , and involvement in foreign wars . He retired from the presidency in 1797 , returning to his home and plantation at Mount Vernon .   Upon his death , Washington was eulogized as `` first in war , first in peace , and first in the hearts of his countrymen '' by Representative Henry Lee III of Virginia . He was revered in life and in death ; scholarly and public polling consistently ranks him among the top three presidents in American history . He has been depicted and remembered in monuments , public works , currency , and other dedications to the present day .

neg: Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation , formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution . Its drafting by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress began on July 12 , 1776 , and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification on November 15 , 1777 . The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1 , 1781 , after being ratified by all 13 states . A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states . The federal government received only those powers which the colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament .   The Articles formed a war-time confederation of states , with an extremely limited central government . Even unratified , the document was used by the Congress to conduct business , direct the American Revolutionary War , conduct diplomacy with foreign nations , and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations . Actually the adoption of the Articles made no perceptible change in the federal government , because it did little more than legalize what the Continental Congress had been doing . That body was now taken over as the Congress of the Confederation ; but Americans continued to call it the Continental Congress , since its organization remained the same .   As the Confederation Congress attempted to govern the continually growing American states , delegates discovered that the limitations placed upon the central government rendered it ineffective at doing so . As the government 's weaknesses became apparent , especially after Shays ' Rebellion , individuals began asking for changes to the Articles . Their hope was to create a stronger national government . Initially , some states met to deal with their trade and economic problems . However , as more states became interested in meeting to change the Articles , a meeting was set in Philadelphia on May 25 , 1787 . This became the Constitutional Convention . It was quickly realized that changes would not work , and instead the entire Articles needed to be replaced . On March 4 , 1789 , the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the Constitution . The new Constitution provided for a much stronger federal government by establishing a chief executive ( the President ) , courts , and taxing powers .

neg: America's Critical Period The term America 's Critical Period , popularized by John Fiske in 1888 with his book The Critical Period of American History , refers to the period of United States history in the 1780s , right after the American Revolution , where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance . More specifically , the `` Critical Period '' refers to the period of time following the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to the inauguration of George Washington as President in 1789 . The phrase was first used to describe this era ( unbeknownst to Fiske ) by William Henry Trescot in his 1857 book The Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams .   During the 1780s , the loose confederation of states was beset with a wide array of foreign and domestic problems . Some historians believe it was a bleak , terrible time for Americans , while others such as Merrill Jensen believe the term `` Critical Period '' is exaggerated , and that , while the decade a time of dispute and change , they were also a time of economic growth and political maturation .

neg: George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake .   Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .

neg: Washington Crossing Washington Crossing may refer to :   Places :  Washington 's Crossing , the location in both New Jersey and Pennsylvania , a U.S. National Historic Landmark  Washington Crossing State Park , Titusville , New Jersey  Washington Crossing , New Jersey  Washington Crossing , Pennsylvania  Washington Crossing Historic Park , Pennsylvania  Washington Crossing Bridge   A historical event :  Washington 's crossing of the Delaware River , a famous American Revolutionary War event that took place on the night of December 25 -- 26 , 1776   Art and literature about the event :  Washington Crossing the Delaware , a painting commemorating the crossing  Washington Crossing the Delaware ( sonnet ) , a sonnet by David Schulman about the scene in the painting  Washington 's Crossing ( book ) , a book by David Hackett Fischer  The Crossing ( 2000 film ) , an A&E television movie starring Jeff Daniels as George Washington

neg: Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington , D.C. , dedicated to Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 -- 1826 ) , one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence , member of the Continental Congress , governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia , American minister to King Louis XVI and the Kingdom of France , first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington , the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams , and also the third President ( 1801 -- 1809 ) , as well as being the founder of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville , Virginia .   The neoclassical Memorial building on the Tidal Basin off the Washington Channel of the Potomac River was designed by the architect John Russell Pope and built by the Philadelphia contractor John McShain . Construction of the building began in 1939 and was completed in 1943 . The bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 .   The Jefferson Memorial is managed by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior under its National Mall and Memorial Parks division . In 2007 , it was ranked fourth on the `` List of America 's Favorite Architecture '' by the American Institute of Architects .

neg: The Washington, Jefferson & Madison Institute The Washington , Jefferson & Madison Institute is a non-profit Virginia corporation based in Charlottesville , Virginia , founded by J. David Gowdy . The Institute 's charter is `` To Perpetuate the Study of the Teachings and Examples of the Founders of the Republic '' and its mission is to `` To instill within educators and students of the rising generation a greater understanding of and appreciation for the Founding Fathers and the Founding Documents of the United States of America . '' Its maxims are `` Virtue , Liberty & Knowledge . ''  The Washington , Jefferson & Madison Institute holds seminars for secondary school teachers who teach U.S. Government , Civics , and U.S. History , and civic groups . Seminars are held at Prospect Hill . In 2012 , Tony Williams was hired as program director of the Institute . Mr. Williams , who resides in Williamsburg , Virginia , is a teacher and the author of four books on the American Founding , including `` America 's Beginnings : The Dramatic Events that Shaped a Nation 's Character '' ( Rowman & Littlefield , 2010 ) .

neg: 1776 The year is dominated by events of the American Revolutionary War .

neg: History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil .   Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States .   Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets .   Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year .   Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) .   Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .

neg: Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 , in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It succeeded the First Continental Congress , which met between September 5 , 1774 and October 26 , 1774 , also in Philadelphia . The second Congress managed the colonial war effort , and moved incrementally towards independence , adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4 , 1776 . By raising armies , directing strategy , appointing diplomats , and making formal treaties such as the Olive Branch Petition , the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States .   When the Second Continental Congress came together on May 10 , 1775 it was , in effect , a reconvening of the First Continental Congress . Many of the same 56 delegates who attended the first meeting were in attendance at the second , and the delegates appointed the same president ( Peyton Randolph ) and secretary ( Charles Thomson ) . Notable new arrivals included Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and John Hancock of Massachusetts . Within two weeks , Randolph was summoned back to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses ; he was replaced in the Virginia delegation by Thomas Jefferson , who arrived several weeks later . Henry Middleton was elected as president to replace Randolph , but he declined . Hancock was elected president on May 24 .   Delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies were present when the Second Continental Congress convened . Georgia had not participated in the First Continental Congress and did not initially send delegates to the Second Continental Congress . On May 13 , 1775 , Lyman Hall was admitted as a delegate from the Parish of St. John 's in the Colony of Georgia , not as a delegate from the colony itself . On July 4 , 1775 , revolutionary Georgians held a Provincial Congress to decide how to respond to the American Revolution , and that congress decided on July 8 to send delegates to the Continental Congress . They arrived on July 20 .

neg: George Washington (miniseries) George Washington is a 1984 television miniseries directed by Buzz Kulik . The miniseries , released in three parts , chronicles the life of George Washington , the 1st President of the United States , from age 11 to age 51 . George Washington is based on the biography by James Thomas Flexner .   The miniseries was shot mainly on location near Washington , D.C. and was aired on April 8 , 10 and 11 , 1984 . Washington 's life in the French and Indian War , the second part shows the coming and commencement of the Revolutionary War and the final part describes the victory of the Independence from England . It was nominated for six Primetime Emmys .

neg: George Washington in the French and Indian War George Washington ( February 22 , 1732 -- December 14 , 1799 ) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War ( 1775 -- 1783 ) , and was the first President of the United States , serving from 1789 to 1797 . Because of his central role in the founding of the United States , Washington is often called the `` Father of his Country '' . His devotion to republicanism and civic virtue made him an exemplary figure among early American politicians .   Washington 's military experience began in the French and Indian War with a commission as a major in the militia of the British Province of Virginia . In 1753 Washington was sent as an ambassador from the British crown to the French officials and Indians as far north as present-day Erie , Pennsylvania . The following year he led another expedition to the area to assist in the construction of a fort at present-day Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Before reaching that point , he and some of his men , accompanied by Indian allies , ambushed a French scouting party . Its leader was killed , although the exact circumstances of his death were disputed . This peacetime act of aggression is seen as one of the first military steps leading to the global Seven Years ' War . The French responded by attacking fortifications Washington erected following the ambush , forcing his surrender . Released on parole , Washington and his troops returned to Virginia .   In 1755 he participated as a volunteer aide in the ill-fated expedition of General Edward Braddock , where he distinguished himself in the retreat following the climactic Battle of Monongahela . He served from 1755 until 1758 as colonel and commander of the Virginia Regiment , directing the provincial defenses against French and Indian raids and building the regiment into one of the best-trained provincial militias of the time . He led the regiment as part of the 1758 expedition of General John Forbes that successfully drove the French from Fort Duquesne , during which he and some of his companies were involved in a friendly fire incident . Unable to get a commission in the British Army , Washington then resigned from the provincial militia , married , and took up the life of a Virginia plantation owner .   Washington gained valuable military skills during the war , acquiring tactical , strategic , and logistical military experience . He also acquired important political skills in his dealings with the British military establishment and the provincial government . His military exploits , although they included some notable failures , made his military reputation in the colonies such that he became a natural selection as the commander in chief of the Continental Army following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 . His successes in military and political spheres during that conflict led to his election as the first President of the United States of America .

neg: George Washington and slavery George Washington , the first President of the United States , held people in slavery for virtually all of his life . His will provided for freeing the enslaved people he held upon the death of his widow Martha Washington . In January 1801 Martha freed her husband 's slaves , just over a year after his death . However , while she lived , Martha did not emancipate any of the people she held , because she held only the lifetime use of them . When she died , on May 22 , 1802 , at the age of 70 , all of those enslaved people went to the descendants of her first husband , Daniel Parke Custis .

neg: United States elections, 1794 The 1794 United States elections occurred in the middle of President George Washington 's second term . Members of the 4th United States Congress were chosen in this election . Tennessee was admitted as a state during the 4th Congress . The election took place at the beginning of the First Party System , with the Democratic-Republican Party and Federalist Party emerging as political parties , succeeding the anti-administration faction and the pro-administration faction .   In the House , the Democratic-Republicans picked up a small number of seats , increasing their majority . However , Federalist Jonathan Dayton was elected Speaker of the House , defeating Frederick Muhlenberg , who had a less clear partisan affiliation .   In the Senate , the Federalists picked up a moderate number of seats , increasing their majority .   Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his presidency .

neg: His Excellency: George Washington His Excellency : George Washington is a 2004 biography of the first President of the United States , General George Washington . It was written by Joseph Ellis , a professor of History at Mount Holyoke College , who specializes in the founding fathers and the revolutionary and federalist periods .

neg: History of the United States The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians . Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12 , 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas , or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier . In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans .   Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive , mostly from England , after 1600 . The Spanish built small settlements in Florida and the Southwest , and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast . By the 1770s , thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains . After the end of the French and Indian Wars in the 1760s , the British government imposed a series of new taxes , rejecting the colonists ' argument that any new taxes had to be approved by them ( see Stamp Act 1765 ) . Tax resistance , especially the Boston Tea Party ( 1773 ) , led to punitive laws ( the Intolerable Acts ) by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts . American Patriots ( as they called themselves ) adhered to a political ideology called republicanism that emphasized civic duty , virtue , and opposition to corruption , fancy luxuries and aristocracy .   Armed conflict began in 1775 as Patriots drove the royal officials out of every colony and assembled in mass meetings and conventions . In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress declared that there was a new , independent nation , the United States of America , not just a collection of disparate colonies . With large-scale military and financial support from France and the military leadership of General George Washington , the American Patriots won the Revolutionary War . The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River ( except Florida and Canada ) . The central government established by the Articles of Confederation proved ineffectual at providing stability , as it had no authority to collect taxes and had no executive officer . Congress called a convention to meet secretly in Philadelphia in 1787 . It wrote a new Constitution , which was adopted in 1789 . In 1791 , a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights . With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief political and financial adviser , a strong central government was created . When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France , doubling the size of the United States . A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812 .   Encouraged by the notion of Manifest Destiny , federal territory expanded all the way to the Pacific . The U.S. always was large in terms of area , but its population was small , only 4 million in 1790 . Population growth was rapid , reaching 7.2 million in 1810 , 32 million in 1860 , 76 million in 1900 , 132 million in 1940 , and 321 million in 2015 . Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even faster . However , compared to European powers , the nation 's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940 . The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners . The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles , which were resolved by compromises . Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason -- Dixon line by 1804 , but the South continued to profit off the institution , producing high-value cotton exports to feed increasing high demand in Europe . The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln was on a platform of ending the expansion of slavery and putting it on a path to extinction .   Seven cotton-based deep South slave states seceded and later founded the Confederacy four months before Lincoln 's inauguration . No nation ever recognized the Confederacy , but it opened the war by attacking Fort Sumter in 1861 . A surge of nationalist outrage in the North fueled a long , intense American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) . It was fought largely in the South as the overwhelming material and manpower advantages of the North proved decisive in a long war . The war 's result was restoration of the Union , the impoverishment of the South , and the abolition of slavery . In the Reconstruction era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) , legal and voting rights were extended to the freed slave . The national government emerged much stronger , and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights . However , when white Democrats regained their power in the South during the 1870s , often by paramilitary suppression of voting , they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy , and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting , a situation that continued for decades until gains of the civil rights movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights .   The United States became the world 's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe . The national railroad network was completed with the work of Chinese immigrants and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest . Mass dissatisfaction with corruption , inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement , from the 1890s to 1920s , which led to many social and political reforms . In 1920 , the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women 's suffrage ( right to vote ) . This followed the 16th and 17th amendments in 1913 , which established the first national income tax and direct election of US senators to Congress . Initially neutral during World War I , the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and later funded the Allied victory the following year .   After a prosperous decade in the 1920s , the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression . Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs for relief , recovery , and reform . The New Deal , which defined modern American liberalism , included relief for the unemployed , support for farmers , Social Security and a minimum wage . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the United States entered World War II along with Britain , the Soviet Union , China , and the smaller number of Allied nations . The U.S. financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater . Its involvement culminated in using the newly invented nuclear weapons on Japanese cities that helped defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater .   The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers after World War II . During the Cold War , the US and the USSR confronted each other indirectly in the arms race , the Space Race , proxy wars , and propaganda campaigns . US foreign policy during the Cold War was built around the support of Western Europe and Japan along with the policy of containment , stopping the spread of communism . The US joined the wars in Korea and Vietnam to try to stop its spread . In the 1960s , in large part due to the strength of the civil rights movement , another wave of social reforms were enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities . Native American activism also rose . The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991 , leaving the United States as the world 's only superpower .   After the Cold War , the United States focused on international conflicts around the Middle East in response to the Gulf War in the early 1990s . The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001 , which would later followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2008 , the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression , which has been followed by slower than usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s .

neg: Gaspee Days Committee The Gaspee Days Committee is a civic-minded , nonprofit organization that operates many community events in and around Pawtuxet Village , including the famous Gaspee Days Parade each June . These events are all designed to commemorate the 1772 burning of the hated British revenue schooner , , by Rhode Island patriots as America 's ` First Blow for Freedom ' TM .   The first recorded celebration of the Gaspee Affair was in 1774 near Williamsburg , Virginia where George Washington himself related in his diary that he spent 3s .9 d. to see the fireworks in celebration of the second anniversary of the burning of the Gaspee .   Participants in the raid on the Gaspee were fêted annually in parades throughout Rhode Island until all had died by the year 1841 . Large celebrations took place in Rhode Island for several years surrounding the 100th anniversary of the burning of the Gaspee . The trademarked motto of the Gaspee Days Committee , America 's `` First Blow for Freedom '' TM is taken from teacup and saucer sets sold at these events . Sporadic observances of the Gaspee burning have formed a hit-or-miss pattern , the last known parade previous to the formation of the modern Gaspee Days Committee took place around 1907 .   The present Gaspee Days Committee was formed in 1965 to ensure a fitting commemoration to the 200th anniversary of the Gaspee Affair . Among the founding members were local historians and community activists , such as David Stackhouse and Hazel Wade Kennedy , both of whom were also involved in the establishment of Pawtuxet Village as a historic district .   The Gaspee Days Parade and celebrations have been a continuous , annual event since 1966 , and in the year 2012 mark the 47th such observance . Generations of Rhode Island citizens crowd Pawtuxet Village for the Parade and other Gaspee Days festivities each year . Every effort has been made to provide a schedule that is both entertaining and informative to all ages . Foremost is the desire to acquaint the public with an event that is as much a part of our national heritage as Paul Revere 's ride and the Battles of Lexington and Concord . The burning of the Gaspee was the first link in the chain of events that led directly to America 's Declaration of Independence .   The Committee has been the recipient of the George Washington Honor Medal from the Freedoms Foundation , and the first Certificate of Merit from the Rhode Island Bicentennial Commission . Gaspee Days has been listed by Discover America as one of the top twenty tourist attractions in the United States . In 2003 The Gaspee Days Committee was the subject of a front page feature in the Wall Street Journal .   Each annual Gaspee Days Parade is the result of a year-long planning process by many dedicated volunteers of the Gaspee Days Committee . Current projected cost of production for the Gaspee Days Parade is $ 40,000 . Necessary funds for the Parade are raised throughout the year with fee revenue generated by the Memorial Weekend Gaspee Days Arts & Crafts Festival , other fundraising events , and public and private donations .   The mission of the Gaspee Days Committee is not solely found in the celebrations it is best known for . The Committee also helps to acknowledge the importance of the Gaspee Affair in the independence movement that led to the American Revolutionary War . The Gaspee Days Committee operates the Gaspee Virtual Archives , an extensive on-line resource for historical research regarding the burning of the Gaspee .

neg: Religious views of George Washington The religious views of George Washington have long been debated . While some of the Founding Fathers , such as Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin Franklin , and Patrick Henry were noted for writing about religion , Washington rarely discussed his religious and philosophical views . His personal letters and public speeches sometimes referred to `` Providence . '' He was a member of several churches which he attended , and served as an Anglican vestryman and warden for more than fifteen years when Virginia had an established church .

neg: Bibliography of early American naval history Historical accounts for early American naval history now occur across the spectrum of two and more centuries . This Bibliography lends itself primarily to reliable sources covering early American naval history beginning around the American Revolution period on through the 18th and 19th centuries and includes sources which cover notable naval commanders , Presidents , important ships , major naval engagements and corresponding wars . The bibliography also includes sources that are not committed to the subject of American naval history per se but whose content covers this subject extensively .   Among the contemporary and earlier historical accounts are primary sources , historical accounts , often derived from letters , dispatches , government and military records , captain 's logs and diaries , etc. , written by authors who were involved in or closely associated to the historical episode in question . Primary source material is often collected , compiled and published by other editors also , sometimes many years after the historical subject has passed . Many of the authors are notable and even famous in their own right and are linked to their corresponding biographies .

neg: Washington's War Washington 's War is a card-driven board wargame from GMT Games designed by Mark Herman . The game is set in during the American Revolutionary War and the map depicts the east coast of the United States . One player controls the American forces and the other player the British . The game is designed for two players and takes between ninety minutes and two hours to play .   Washington 's War was published in 2010 and is a reprint and upgrade of the Avalon Hill game We the People , first published in 1994 .

neg: George Washington (Houdon) George Washington is a statue by French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon from the late 18th century . Based on a life mask and other measurements of George Washington taken by Houdon , it is considered one of the most accurate depictions of the subject . The original sculpture is located in the rotunda of the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond , Virginia , and has been copied extensively .   The date given for the sculpture varies . It was commissioned by the Virginia General Assembly in 1784 , begun in 1785 , signed `` 1788 '' , completed in 1791 or 1792 , and delivered in 1796 .


query: Wyatt Earp was a law enforcement official.

pos: Wyatt Earp Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp ( March 19 , 1848 -- January 13 , 1929 ) was an American Old West gambler , a deputy sheriff in Pima County , and deputy town marshal in Tombstone , Arizona Territory , who took part in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , during which lawmen killed three outlaw cowboys . He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone , although his brother Virgil was Tombstone city marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day , and had far more experience as a sheriff , constable , marshal , and soldier in combat .   Earp lived a restless life . He was at different times a constable , city policeman , county sheriff , Deputy U.S. Marshal , teamster , buffalo hunter , bouncer , saloon-keeper , gambler , brothel keeper , miner , and boxing referee . Earp spent his early life in Iowa . In 1870 , Earp married his first wife , Urilla Sutherland Earp , who contracted typhoid fever and died shortly before their first child was to be born . During the next two years Earp was arrested for stealing a horse , escaped from jail , sued twice , and was arrested and fined three times during the course of 1872 for `` keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame '' . His third arrest was subject of a lengthy account in the `` Daily Transcript '' which referred to him as an `` old offender '' and nicknamed him the `` Peoria Bummer '' .   By 1874 he had arrived in the cattle boomtown of Wichita , Kansas where his brother had opened a brothel . On April 21 , 1875 he was appointed to the Wichita police force , and developed a solid reputation as a lawman . In April 1876 he was dismissed from his position as a lawman following an altercation with a political opponent of his boss which led to him being fined $ 30 . In 1876 , he followed his brother James to Dodge City , Kansas , where he became an assistant city marshal . In winter 1878 , he went to Texas to track down an outlaw and met John `` Doc '' Holliday , whom Earp later credited with saving his life .   Earp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another . He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved to Tombstone with his brothers James and Virgil , where a silver boom was underway . There , the Earps clashed with a loose federation of outlaws known as the Cowboys . Wyatt , Virgil , and their younger brother Morgan held various law enforcement positions that put them in conflict with Tom and Frank McLaury , and Ike and Billy Clanton , who threatened on several occasions to kill the Earps . The conflict escalated over the next year , culminating on October 26 , 1881 in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , in which the Earps and Holliday killed three of the Cowboys . In the next five months , Virgil was ambushed and maimed , and Morgan was assassinated . Pursuing a vendetta , Wyatt , his brother Warren , Holliday , and others formed a federal posse that killed three of the Cowboys whom they thought responsible . Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights in which he took part , unlike his brothers Virgil and James , or his friend , Doc Holliday , which only added to his mystique after his death .   Earp was a lifelong gambler and was always looking for a quick way to make money . After leaving Tombstone , Earp went to San Francisco where he reunited with Josephine Earp . She became his common-law wife . They joined a gold rush to Eagle City , Idaho , where they owned mining interests and a saloon . They left there to race horses and open a saloon during a real estate boom in San Diego , California . Back in San Francisco , Wyatt raced horses again , but his reputation suffered irreparably when he refereed the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey boxing match and called a foul that led many to believe that he fixed the fight . They moved briefly to Yuma , Arizona before joining the Nome Gold Rush in 1899 . In partnership with Charlie Hoxie they opened a two-story saloon called the Dexter and made an estimated $ 80,000 ( about $ 2 million in 2017 dollars ) . Returning to the lower 48 , they opened another saloon in Tonopah , Nevada , the site of a new gold find . In about 1911 , Earp began working several mining claims in Vidal , California , retiring in the hot summers with Josephine to Los Angeles .   Wyatt Earp died on January 13 , 1929 . He was known as a Western lawman , gunfighter , and boxing referee . He had a notorious reputation for both his handling of the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey fight and his role in the O.K. Corral gunfight . This only began to change after his death when an extremely flattering biography was published in 1931 . It became a bestseller and created his reputation as a fearless lawman . Since then , Earp has been the subject of and model for numerous films , TV shows , biographies , and works of fiction that have increased his notoriety . He did , however , live to see himself being portrayed in the film Wild Bill Hickok , released in 1923 . Long after his death , he has many devoted detractors and admirers . Earp 's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West 's `` toughest and deadliest gunman of his day . ''

neg: Capitol police Capitol police in the United States are agencies charged with the provision of security police services for various state agencies , but especially State Legislatures . Capitol police may function as part of the state police or may be an independent agency . There is also a federal capitol police agency .   Security police for government facilities are actually a very old idea , dating back at least to the guards posted at Solomon 's temple and including such units as the Praetorian Guard and the Coldstream Guards .

neg: Posse Comitatus Act The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law ( , original at ) signed on June 18 , 1878 by President Rutherford B. Hayes . The purpose of the act -- in concert with the Insurrection Act of 1807 -- is to limit the powers of the federal government in using federal military personnel to enforce domestic policies within the United States . It was passed as an amendment to an army appropriation bill following the end of Reconstruction , and was subsequently updated in 1956 and 1981 .   The Act only specifically applies to the United States Army and , as amended in 1956 , the United States Air Force . While the Act does not explicitly mention the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps , the Department of the Navy has prescribed regulations that are generally construed to give the Act force with respect to those services as well . The Act does not apply to the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard under state authority from acting in a law enforcement capacity within its home state or in an adjacent state if invited by that state 's governor . The United States Coast Guard , which operates under the Department of Homeland Security , is not covered by the Posse Comitatus Act either , primarily because although the Coast Guard is an armed service , it also has both a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency mission .   The title of the act comes from the legal concept of Posse comitatus , the authority under which a county sheriff , or other law officer , conscripts any able-bodied man to assist him in keeping the peace .

neg: Congressional power of enforcement A Congressional power of enforcement is included in a number of amendments to the United States Constitution . The language `` The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation '' is used , with slight variations , in Amendments XIII , XIV , XV , XVIII , XIX , XXIII , XXIV , and XXVI . The variations in the pertinent language are as follows : the Thirteenth Amendment leaves out the word `` the '' , the Fourteenth Amendment states `` The Congress shall have the power to enforce , by appropriate legislation , the provisions of this article . '' and the Eighteenth Amendment states `` The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation .

neg: California Code of Civil Procedure The California Code of Civil Procedure ( commonly abbreviated to Code Civ . Proc . in formal legal citations or just CCP in treatises and other less formal contexts ) was enacted by the California State Legislature in March 1872 as the general codification of the law of civil procedure in the U.S. state of California , along with the three other original California Codes . It contains most California statutes that govern the filing and litigation of lawsuits in the Superior Courts of California , as well as legal notices that must be given in a variety of circumstances . It also includes statutes of limitations that control the period of time during which a lawsuit must be commenced . It also contained some statutes governing the legal profession , but those were later relocated into the Business and Professions Code .   Originally , the CCP was the codification of the Practice Act of 1851 , as amended and revised . In turn , the Practice Act had been modeled after the New York Code of Civil Procedure of 1850 , which was largely drafted by the law reformer David Dudley Field II . Hence , California is considered to be a `` Field Code '' state .   The CCP also partially codified the law of evidence , but in 1965 , the evidentiary provisions were repealed and replaced by the new California Evidence Code , which unlike the CCP , was deliberately intended to displace and supersede the common law of evidence .   Like the 28 other California Codes , the CCP is frequently amended by the Legislature . Unlike most other states , California never followed the federal trend towards transferring authority over procedural law to the courts through statutes like the federal Rules Enabling Act . Instead , the California Rules of Court ( CRC ) cover only relatively minor matters such as the formatting of court papers and case management rules implementing the Trial Court Delay Reduction Act of 1986 .   Nearly all important procedural provisions ( i.e. , the ones that can make or break a case ) continue to exist in the form of CCP sections . As a result , whenever the Judicial Council of California identifies a major defect in California civil procedure , it can not fix it by promulgating a new court rule , but must instead lobby the Legislature and Governor to amend the CCP .   Today , the CCP is comprehensive only with regard to trial court procedure . As a result of a bill pushed through the Legislature at the suggestion of Chief Justice Phil S. Gibson in 1941 , appellate procedure in California is governed primarily by the CRC .   As a Field Code state , California continues to subscribe to the `` primary right '' or `` ultimate fact '' theory of pleading ( also known as `` fact pleading '' ) which has been traditionally followed by Field Code states . This means that California adheres to an arcane distinction between what constitutes pleading of a mere `` fact , '' versus an `` ultimate fact , '' versus a `` conclusion of law . '' Also , California is one of two states , along with Virginia , which uses the demurrer as the primary pre-answer attack on the complaint . Most states and the federal courts have switched to modern `` notice pleading '' and use the motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action instead of the demurrer .

neg: Law enforcement Law enforcement is any system by which some members of society act in an organized manner to enforce the law by discovering , deterring , rehabilitating , or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that society . Although the term may encompass entities such as courts and prisons , it is most frequently applied to those who directly engage in patrols or surveillance to dissuade and discover criminal activity , and those who investigate crimes and apprehend offenders , a task typically carried out by the police or another law enforcement agency . Furthermore , although law enforcement may be most concerned with the prevention and punishment of crimes , organizations exist to discourage a wide variety of non-criminal violations of rules and norms , effected through the imposition of less severe consequences .

neg: West Virginia State Police The West Virginia State Police is a paramilitary organization , state law enforcement agency in the United States that provides statewide police services to the 1.83 million residents in West Virginia . It is the fourth oldest state police agency and was born in the second extraordinary session of the West Virginia Legislature on June 19 , 1919 as a result of uprisings surrounding organized labor in the coal and mine industries .

neg: The United States of Lyncherdom `` The United States of Lyncherdom '' is an essay by Mark Twain written in 1901 . He was prompted to write it after the lynchings of Will Godley , his grandfather French Godley , and Eugene Carter ( also known as Barrett ) . They were accused in the rape and murder of Gazelle Wild ( or Casselle Wilds ) on August 19 , 1901 , in Pierce City , Missouri , located in Twain 's home state . The work blames lynching in the United States on the herd mentality that prevails among Americans . Twain decided that the country was not ready for the essay , and shelved it . A redacted version was finally published in 1923 , when Twain 's literary executor , Albert Bigelow Paine , slipped it into a posthumous collection , Europe and Elsewhere .   Twain mentions two law enforcement officials who had recently stopped lynchings . One was Sheriff Joseph Merrill of Carroll County , Georgia , and the other was Thomas Beloat of Gibson County , Indiana .

neg: Border Patrol The United States Border Patrol is an American federal law enforcement agency .   Border Patrol may also refer to :  Border Patrol ( TV series ) , a New Zealand reality television program  Border Patrol ( U.S. TV series ) , a 1959 syndicated television series  The Border Patrol ( film ) , a 1928 film starring Harry Carey  Border Patrol ( 1943 film ) , a Western featuring William Boyd as Hopalong Cassidy

neg: Cochise County in the Old West Cochise County in the Old West was the site of ongoing Apache Indian attacks and a bitter feud between outlaw Cowboys and lawmen like Virgil Earp and his brothers . The county was carved off in 1881 from the easternmost portion of Pima County during a formative period in the American Southwest . Tensions began as soon as American settlers began arriving in what is now Cochise County . The time period was characterized by rapidly growing boomtowns , ongoing Apache raids , smuggling and cattle rustling across the United States-Mexico border , growing ranching operations , and the expansion of new technologies in mining , railroading , and telecommunications .   In the 1860s , following the Gadsden Purchase and the arrival of American settlers , conflict between the Apaches and the Americans was at its height . Pima County and later Cochise County were located in the center of the Apache wars and until 1886 there was almost constant warfare in that region adjacent to the Mexican border .   In addition to the conflict with the Native Americans , during the 1870s and 1880s , there was considerable tension between the rural residents who were for the most part Democrats from the agrarian Confederate States and town residents and business owners who were largely Republicans from the industrial Union States . The tension culminated in what has been called the Cochise County feud , or the Earp-Clanton feud , which ended with the historic Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and Wyatt Earp 's Vendetta Ride . Dr. George E. Goodfellow described Tombstone , the capital of Cochise County , as the `` condensation of wickedness . ''

neg: Frank L. Houx Frank Lee Houx ( December 12 , 1854 -- April 3 , 1941 ) was an American politician , who served as the tenth Governor of Wyoming .   Houx was born near Lexington , Missouri , the second of five children of George W. Houx and Fannie ( Price ) Houx . The elder Houx served in the Confederate States Army under General Sterling ( `` Old Pap '' ) Price , a distant cousin , and uncle of his wife . The future Governor grew up on his father 's farm .   Houx married Augusta Camp in 1875 , and sired two daughters and a son . ( The birth year of Frank Houx is variously listed as 1854 , 1859 , and 1860 ; given his 1875 marriage , 1854 is accepted . )   He took up the study of law , reading in the office of John S. Blackwell , of Lexington , Missouri . Houx did not complete his course , however , turning his attention to commercial interests . He graduated from Shaw 's Business College in Kansas City , Missouri in 1884 . The next year , he moved to Montana and went into the cattle business . In 1895 , he took up residence in Cody , Wyoming , where he went into politics .   On April 10 , 1898 , he was widowed . The next year , he remarried Ida Mason Christy , with whom he had one son and three daughters .   For a time , Houx was associated with Colonel William F. Cody ( `` Buffalo Bill '' ) , in the construction of the Cody canal and other projects .   In 1901 when the town of Cody was incorporated , he first sought office , becoming the town 's first Mayor . During his first term as Mayor , he also served as police judge from 1902 to 1903 . He was re-elected to a second mayoral term in 1905 . During the next four years , the town built a residence for him ; this two-story A-frame building still stands , and now serves as a bed and breakfast known as the `` Mayor 's Inn . ''   In 1910 , he became the first Democrat to be elected Secretary of State of Wyoming , an office to which he was re-elected in 1914 . When Governor John B. Kendrick resigned his office on February 26 , 1917 after being elected to the United States Senate , Houx became Acting Governor , and he served until the expiration of Kendrick 's term , leaving office on January 6 , 1919 .   During his service as governor during World War I , Houx mobilized the National Guard of Wyoming for federal service , appointed the Wyoming Council for National Defense , and nominated persons to administer the Selective Service draft . He was an advocate of prison reform and a proponent of Prohibition .   He sought election as governor in his own right in 1918 , but was defeated by Republican candidate Robert D. Carey . Houx then went into the oil refining business in Texas , but returned to Cody in 1935 . He died in the famous Irma Hotel in Cody in 1941 at the age of 86 , and was interred in Cody Cemetery . The autobiography he wrote in 1939 was published in serial form by the Cody Enterprise ( newspaper ) in the months following his death .

neg: Texas Attorney General The Texas Attorney General is the chief legal and law enforcement officer of the State of Texas .   The department has offices at the William P. Clements State Office Building in Downtown Austin .

neg: Gun laws in Iowa Gun laws in Iowa regulate the sale , possession , and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Iowa in the United States .   On January 1 , 2011 , Iowa became a `` shall issue '' state for a permit to carry weapons on one 's person .  Applicants must successfully complete an approved training course .   Iowa will honor any valid permit issued by any other state . Persons do not have to be a resident of the state from which the permit was issued . However , an Iowa resident must have an Iowa Permit To Carry in order to lawfully carry a firearm on his or her person in Iowa .   A Permit To Acquire ( PTA ) , obtained from the sheriff of the county of the applicant 's residence , is required when purchasing or otherwise acquiring a handgun , either from a dealer or from a private party . A Permit To Acquire shall be issued to qualified applicants aged 21 or older . The PTA becomes valid three days after the date of application , and is valid for one year . A PTA is not required when purchasing an antique handgun , defined as one made in or before 1898 and including post-1898 replicas of matchlock , flintlock , or percussion cap pistols .   Iowa residents with a Permit To Carry ( PTC ) can use the PTC in lieu of a PTA when acquiring a handgun . The PTC is valid for 5 years .   Iowa has enacted state preemption of firearms laws , so local units of government may not restrict the ownership , possession , or transfer of firearms , or require their registration .   Under Iowa law , private citizens may not possess automatic firearms , any firearm `` other than a shotgun or muzzle loading rifle , cannon , pistol , revolver or musket '' with a bore of more than 6/10 of an inch ( unless it is an antique made in or before 1898 ) , or any explosive , incendiary or poison gas destructive device . Sound suppressors ( `` silencers '' ) , short-barreled rifles ( barrels under 16 inches ) , and short-barreled shotguns ( barrels under 18 inches ) may be possessed if federally registered .

neg: Frank Loving Frank Loving , sometimes called `` Cockeyed '' Frank Loving ( 1860 -- April 21 , 1882 ) was an Old West gambler and gunman . His two known gunfights were two of the better-known and well-publicized shootouts of the day , although over time they have become obscure .   Loving was born in Jackson County , Missouri , and later moved with his family to Texas , where his father died in the early 1870s . He began making his living as a professional gambler by his late teens , frequenting saloons and eventually landing in Dodge City , Kansas . Once settled in Dodge City , Loving began to frequent the Long Branch Saloon , where he became associated with other well-known gamblers , gunmen , and lawmen , to include Doc Holliday , Bat Masterson , Wyatt Earp , Charlie Bassett , and John Allen , with a friendship developing between gunman/gambler Levi Richardson and him . He also became good friends with Long Branch Saloon owner Chalkley Beeson .

neg: Arkansas Attorney General The Arkansas Attorney General is an executive position and constitutional officer within the Arkansas government . The Attorney General is the chief law enforcement/legal officer and lawyer for Arkansas . The position is elected every four years , e.g. 2006 and 2010 , at the same time as the Governor .   The current Attorney General is Republican Leslie Rutledge , who was elected on November 4 , 2014 and sworn in as the 56th Attorney General of Arkansas on January 13 , 2015 . She is the first Republican ever to serve as Arkansas Attorney General , as well as the first woman .   The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton , as he later became President of the United States ; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978 . Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett , Joe Purcell , Ray Thornton , Jim Guy Tucker , Mark Pryor , Steve Clark and Mike Beebe . Until Rutledge took office , Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction .   According to the official website , the duties of the Attorney General include representing state agencies and commissions in courts of law , giving opinions on issues presented by legislators and prosecutors , handling criminal matters and habeas corpus matters in the state , and advocating for citizens on issues pertaining to the environment , antitrust , and consumer protection .

neg: FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives The FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives is a most wanted list maintained by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) . The list arose from a conversation held in late 1949 between J. Edgar Hoover , Director of the FBI , and William Kinsey Hutchinson , International News Service ( the predecessor of the United Press International ) editor-in-chief , who were discussing ways to promote capture of the FBI 's `` toughest guys '' . This discussion turned into a published article , which received so much positive publicity that on March 14 , 1950 , the FBI officially announced the list to increase law enforcement 's ability to capture dangerous fugitives .   Individuals are generally only removed from the list if the fugitive is captured , dies , or if the charges against them are dropped ; they are then replaced by a new entry selected by the FBI . In nine cases , the FBI removed individuals from the list after deciding that they were no longer a `` particularly dangerous menace to society '' . Machetero member Víctor Manuel Gerena , added to the list in 1984 , was on the list for 32 years , which was longer than anyone else . Billie Austin Bryant spent the shortest amount of time on the list , being listed for two hours in 1969 . The oldest person to be added to the list was William Bradford Bishop on April 10 , 2014 at 77 years old . On rare occasions , the FBI will add a `` Number Eleven '' if that individual is extremely dangerous but the Bureau does not feel any of the current ten should be removed . Despite occasional references in the media , the FBI does not rank their list ; no suspect is considered '' # 1 on the FBI 's Most Wanted List '' or `` The Most Wanted . ''   The list is commonly posted in public places such as post offices . In some cases , fugitives on the list have turned themselves in on becoming aware of their listing . As of December 4 , 2014 , 504 fugitives have been listed , eight of them women , and 473 ( 94 % ) captured or located , 155 ( 31 % ) of them due to public assistance . On May 19 , 1996 , Leslie Isben Rogge became the first person on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list to be apprehended due to the internet . The FBI maintains other lists of individuals , including the Most Wanted Terrorists , along with crime alerts , missing persons , and other fugitive lists .   On June 17 , 2013 , the list reached the quantity of 500 fugitives .

neg: Federal law enforcement in the United States The federal government of the United States empowers a wide range of law enforcement agencies to maintain law and public order related to matters affecting the country as a whole .

neg: Judiciary Act of 1802 The United States Judiciary Act of 1802 ( 2 Stat . 156 ) was a Federal statute , enacted on April 29 , 1802 , to reorganize the federal court system . It restored some elements of the Judiciary Act of 1801 , which had been adopted by the Federalist majority in the previous Congress , but was repealed by the Democratic-Republican majority earlier in 1802 .   The Act restructured the circuit courts into six circuits , and assigned one Supreme Court justice to each circuit . Unlike the 1801 Act , no new circuit judgeships were created , so the justices were faced with having to return to the practice of `` riding circuit '' to hold court in each district within their circuit , along with the local district judge , during the majority of the year . No circuit courts were created for the judicial districts of Kentucky , Tennessee , Maine , or the territories , although the 1801 Act would have done so .   Since the circuit courts were now to consist of only two judges , the Act permitted them to certify to the Supreme Court any question of law on which the two could not agree . Also , the district judge was not permitted to hear appeals of his own decisions , so appeals from the district courts were decided by the circuit justice alone . But the most important part of the Act was the provision that a quorum of only one judge was needed to convene a circuit court . As a result , Supreme Court justices could often rely on district court judges to convene circuit courts . With circuit riding largely optional , Supreme Court justices were no longer saddled with what they had previously felt was a tremendous burden . The Act 's flexibility proved crucial to the demise of circuit riding , which essentially disappeared by 1840 .   The Act also created additional district courts by dividing the District of North Carolina into the districts of Albemarle , Cape Fear , and Pamptico , and by dividing the District of Tennessee into the Eastern and Western Districts of Tennessee . No new judgeships were created for these courts ; however , the district judges in North Carolina and Tennessee had to hold court in each district within their state , and the North Carolina judge also had to sit on the circuit court ( which , however , continued to sit for the state as a whole , not in the separate district court districts ) .   The Act established a United States District Court for the District of Columbia , although this court is not the direct predecessor of today 's court bearing the same name .

neg: Frank Dalton Frank Dalton ( June 8 , 1859 -- November 27 , 1887 ) was a Deputy US Marshal of the Old West under Judge Isaac Parker ( the hangin ' judge ) , for Oklahoma Territory , as well as the older brother to the members of the Dalton Gang , in addition to being the brother to William M. Dalton , once a member of California legislature , and later an outlaw and leader of the Doolin Dalton gang alongside Bill Doolin . Frank Dalton is not to be confused with J. Frank Dalton , who made many claims to be famous people , including his claim of being Frank Dalton , and later Jesse James .   Dalton became , without much effort , the success story of the Dalton family . He was commissioned as a Deputy US Marshal , serving under Judge Parker , and quickly developed a reputation as being a brave lawman . Based out of Fort Smith , Arkansas , Dalton was involved in a number of shootouts and high risk arrests over a three-year period . However , on November 27 , 1887 , he and Deputy J.R. Cole were on the trail of outlaw Dave Smith , wanted for horse theft . As they approached Smith 's camp , Smith fired a shot from a rifle , hitting Dalton in the chest . Deputy Cole returned fire , killing Smith , but was then shot and wounded by a Smith cohort . Cole was able to make his escape , however , believing Dalton was dead . Dalton , however , was still alive , and engaged the outlaws in a short gunbattle . One of Smith 's cohorts was wounded , and a woman who was in the camp was killed during the crossfire . Frank Dalton was dead by the time Deputy Cole returned with a posse , having been killed with two additional rifle shots by outlaw Will Towerly . The outlaw wounded by Dalton never revealed his own name . He died shortly thereafter , but not before naming Towerly as Frank Dalton 's murderer . A newspaper of the time indicated Dalton had begged Towerly not to kill him , saying he was already dying . However that was a rumour , and there were no witnesses to the crime who ever made that statement . Towerly was killed one month later by Deputy William Moody and Deputy US Marshal Ed Stokley . Stokley was also killed during the gunfight . Dalton was buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Coffeyville , Kansas , not far from the graves of his two outlaw brothers , Grat and Bob . ( One can see the graves of Bob , and Grat just to the left of Frank 's grave about 30 yards back with the original hitching post that they tied their horses to )   The actor Robert Lansing played Frank Dalton in the NBC television series The Outlaws in a two-part episode `` The Daltons Must Die '' , which aired early in 1961 .

neg: Baylor Law School Baylor Law School is the oldest law school in Texas . Baylor Law School is affiliated with Baylor University and located in Waco , Texas . The school has been accredited by the American Bar Association since 1931 , and has been a member of the Association of American Law Schools since 1938 . The program offers training in all facets of law , including theoretical analysis , practical application , legal writing , advocacy , professional responsibility , and negotiation and counseling skills .   Established in 1849 , Baylor Law School was the first law school in Texas and one of the first west of the Mississippi River . Today , the school has more than 7,000 living alumni . Among alumni of the school are two Texas governors , members or former members of the U.S. Congress and U.S. Senate , two former directors of the FBI , ambassadors , federal judges , justices of the Texas Supreme Court and members of the Texas Legislature . In its law specialties rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked Baylor Law 's trial advocacy program as the third best in the nation . Baylor Law School is ranked No. 51 in the magazine 's 2012 edition of `` America 's Best Graduate Schools . '' Above the Law ranked Baylor Law School at No. 32 in 2016 .   In 2016 , Baylor secured the top overall job placement rate for the state of Texas , tied with one other school . Other statistics show :   • 92.6 percent of the class members were employed as of March 15 , 2016 , which represents a 7.6 percent increase compared to 2014 .   • 85 percent of graduates are employed in full-time , long-term positions that require a bar license or prefer a J.D. degree , an 18 percent jump .   • As noted by The Texas Lawbook , Baylor also fared the best in job placements for lawyer-only positions ( bar passage required ) , placing nearly 82 percent of its 2015 graduates in such positions .   • Baylor Law School graduates garnered higher salaries this year , averaging $ 82,146 in 2015 .

neg: Interstate Identification Index The Interstate Identification Index or III ( pronounced `` triple-eye '' ) is a national index of criminal histories ( or rap sheets ) in the United States of America , maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) at the National Crime Information Center . Included in this index are individuals who have been arrested or indicted for `` a serious criminal offense anywhere in the country '' .   The program is designed to facilitate the interstate exchange of criminal history records among State justice agencies . In addition to the interstate exchange , this index holds millions of fingerprint identification cards for criminals who have committed a serious enough crime to go to jail for over 24 hours .   Search results from the III give a list of states that have a criminal history on a given person . An investigator or analyst may then query those states directly to get specific criminal history , either through the National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System ( NLETS ) or by other means .   This makes the criminal justice system of each participating state no longer a completely closed system ; the increased exchange of information between different law enforcement agencies increases the chances of bringing multi-state offenders to justice .


query: Seth MacFarlane won several awards.

pos: Seth MacFarlane Seth Woodbury MacFarlane ( -LSB- ˈsɛθ_ˈwʊdbɛri_məkˈfɑrlɪn -RSB- born October 26 , 1973 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , and singer , working primarily in animation and comedy , as well as live-action and other genres . MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series Family Guy ( 1999 -- 2003 , 2005 -- present ) , co-creator of the TV series American Dad ! ( 2005 -- present ) and The Cleveland Show ( 2009 -- 13 ) . He also wrote , directed , and starred in the films Ted ( 2012 ) , its sequel Ted 2 ( 2015 ) , and A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) .   MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design , where he studied animation . Recruited to Hollywood , he was an animator and writer for Hanna-Barbera for several television series , including Johnny Bravo , Cow and Chicken , Dexter 's Laboratory , I Am Weasel , and Larry & Steve . As an actor , he has made guest appearances on series , such as Gilmore Girls , The War at Home and FlashForward . In 2008 , he created his own YouTube series titled Seth MacFarlane 's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy . He won several awards for his work on Family Guy , including two Primetime Emmy Awards and an Annie Award . In 2009 , he won the Webby Award for Film & Video Person of the Year . He occasionally speaks at universities and colleges throughout the United States , and he is a supporter of gay rights .   MacFarlane 's first feature-length comedy film , Ted , features his voice acting and performance-capture as the titular anthropomorphic teddy bear and became the highest-grossing original R-rated comedy . As a singer MacFarlane has performed at several venues , including Carnegie Hall and the Royal Albert Hall . MacFarlane has released three studio albums , in the same vein of his musical idol Frank Sinatra , beginning with Music Is Better Than Words in 2011 . He wrote the lyrics for the Academy Award-nominated song `` Everybody Needs a Best Friend '' for Ted .   MacFarlane served as executive producer of Cosmos : A Spacetime Odyssey , an update of the 1980s Carl Sagan -- hosted Cosmos series , hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson . MacFarlane was instrumental in providing funding for the series , as well as securing studio support for it from other entertainment executives .

neg: Josh Weinstein Josh Weinstein ( born May 5 , 1966 ) is an American television writer and producer , known for his work on the animated comedy series The Simpsons . Weinstein and Bill Oakley became best friends and writing partners at St. Albans High School ; Weinstein then attended Stanford University and was editor-in-chief of the Stanford Chaparral . He worked on several short-term media projects , including writing for the variety show Sunday Best , but was then unemployed for a long period .   Weinstein and Oakley eventually penned a spec script for Seinfeld , after which they wrote `` Marge Gets a Job '' , an episode of The Simpsons . Subsequently , the two were hired to write for the show on a permanent basis in 1992 . After they wrote episodes such as `` $ pringfield ( Or , How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling ) '' , `` Bart vs. Australia '' and `` Who Shot Mr. Burns ? '' , the two were appointed executive producers and showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons of the show . They attempted to include several emotional episodes focusing on the Simpson family , as well as several high-concept episodes such as `` Homer 's Enemy '' , `` Two Bad Neighbors '' and `` The Principal and the Pauper '' , winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for their work .   After they left The Simpsons , Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill . The show was plagued by promotional issues and was swiftly canceled . They worked as consulting producers on Futurama , then created The Mullets in 2003 . The two wrote several unsuccessful TV pilots , and were due to serve as showrunners on Sit Down , Shut Up in 2009 . Oakley left the project over a contract dispute , but Weinstein remained until it was canceled . He co-produced and wrote for Futurama again during its Comedy Central revival , winning an Emmy in 2011 . Since 2013 , Weinstein has served as showrunner for the CBBC series Strange Hill High . He has also served as a writer for Season Two of Gravity Falls , co-writing nine of the season 's episodes . Weinstein is married to journalist Lisa Simmons .

neg: 20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 .   The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .

neg: Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson .   The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .

neg: Worst Episode Ever `` Worst Episode Ever '' is the eleventh episode of The Simpsons ' twelfth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 4 , 2001 . In the episode , Bart and Milhouse are banned from The Android 's Dungeon after stopping Comic Book Guy from buying a box of priceless Star Wars memorabilia for $ 5 . However , when Comic Book Guy suffers a massive heart attack after Tom Savini 's show , he hires Bart and Milhouse as his replacements while he leaves his job to make friends .   `` Worst Episode Ever '' was written by Larry Doyle and directed by Matthew Nastuk . The series ' staff found it hard to make Comic Book Guy seem likable , since he is usually portrayed as sarcastic and unfriendly . The episode features actor and makeup artist Tom Savini as himself . In its original broadcast , the episode was seen by approximately 10 million viewers , finishing in 27th place in the ratings the week it aired . Since its broadcast , the episode received positive reviews from critics , and Hank Azaria won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his performance as Comic Book Guy in the episode .

neg: Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff Family Guy : The Quest for Stuff is a freemium video game for Kindle , iOS , Android , Windows Phone 8 and Windows 8.1 based on the American animated series Family Guy released by Fox Digital Entertainment and developer TinyCo . It allows users to create and run their own version of Quahog using familiar characters and buildings . It features an original story conceived by the show 's writers in which Quahog has been destroyed and it is up to the player to bring it back to its former glory . Some of the show 's main actors , like Seth MacFarlane ( Peter , Stewie , Brian ) , Alex Borstein ( Lois ) , Mila Kunis ( Meg ) , and Seth Green ( Chris ) collaborated with TinyCo for the project .

neg: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below :   # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation .  § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .

neg: Adult animation Adult animation , adult cartoon , or mature animation is any type of animation work that is mainly targeted towards adults and sometimes also teenagers , acting as a contrast to most animated films and TV series being aimed at children . Works in this genre may be considered adult for any number of reasons . They may be noted for using risqué themes , graphic violence , profane language , sexuality , or dark humor . Works in this genre may explore philosophical , political , or social issues . Some productions are noted for sophisticated and/or experimental storytelling and animation techniques .   Before the enforcement of the Hays Code , some cartoon shorts contained humor that was aimed at adult audience members rather than children . Following the introduction of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system , independent animation producers attempted to establish an alternative to mainstream animation . Initially , few animation studios in the United States attempted to produce animation for adult audiences , but later examples of animation produced for adults would gain mainstream attention and success .

neg: The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 .   In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 .   February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California .   This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .

neg: Eisner Award The Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards , commonly shortened to the Eisner Awards , are prizes given for creative achievement in American comic books , sometimes referred to as the Comics Industry 's equivalent of the Oscar Awards . They are named in honor of the pioneering writer and artist Will Eisner , who was a regular participant in the award ceremony until his death in 2005 . The Eisner Awards include the Comic Industry 's Hall of Fame .   The nominations in each category are generated by a five-member panel , then voted on by comic book professionals and presented at the annual San Diego Comic-Con International convention held in July , usually on a Friday .

neg: 44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest .   On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series .   After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .

neg: 38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films .   The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each .   In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards .   Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .

neg: 2008 Webby Awards The 12th annual 2008 Webby Awards were held on June 10 , 2008 and emceed by SNL head writer Seth Meyers and help at Cipriani , a massive banquet hall in Manhattan 's financial district . The Webby Film and Video Awards were held on June 9 at Skirball Center for the Performing Arts and were hosted by Judah Friedlander . The awards were judged by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences , and winners were selected from over 10,000 entries . Lorne Michaels was honored with a lifetime achievement award .

neg: Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 .   Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated .   Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees .   Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .

neg: Angry Dad: The Movie `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons ' twenty-second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 20 , 2011 . The plot of the episode involves Bart winning many awards for his new short film based on his web cartoon series Angry Dad , which was first introduced in `` I Am Furious ( Yellow ) '' , while Homer takes credit for the film during acceptance speeches .   `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' was written by John Frink and directed by Matthew Nastuk , with Ricky Gervais , Halle Berry , Russell Brand , Maurice LaMarche , Nick Park and J. B. Smoove guest starring . Cultural references in the episode include Pixar , Toy Story , Wallace and Gromit , Kung Fu Panda , Ms. Pac-Man , SpongeBob SquarePants and the 68th Golden Globe Award ceremony .   The episode was viewed in an estimated 6.35 million households , with a 2.8 Nielsen rating , marking a slight rise in audience from the previous episode , while the episode was the twenty-fifth most viewed show for the week of broadcast among adults aged 18 -- 49 . Critical reception of the episode was generally positive , with critics praising the episode 's use of visual gags and cultural references .

neg: Peter McBain Peter McBain is a Canadian comedian and writer . He has written for CBC 's This Hour Has 22 Minutes and The Hour . He has won three Canadian Comedy Awards as a writer for This Hour Has 22 Minutes ( Best TV Writing - Season in 2001 and 2002 and Best TV Writing - Special or Episode in 2003 ) as well as a Writers Guild of Canada Award in 2002 , and a Gemini Award nomination in 2004 .

neg: Jonah Meyerson Jonah Meyerson ( born September 20 , 1991 ) is an American actor . He has worked with actors such as Gene Hackman , Pierce Brosnan , Robin Williams , Ben Stiller , Dermot Mulroney , Alison Pill , and Aidan Quinn . He was born in New York City , where he currently lives . He is a graduate of Stuyvesant High School , and the University of Pennsylvania as a member of the class of 2013 . At UPenn , he was the head writer for and a cast member of Penn 's Mask and Wig Club , the nation 's oldest collegiate all-male musical comedy troupe . Meyerson also performed with Penn 's improv comedy troupe , Without a Net . and was a 2013 member of Penn 's Friars Senior Society .   Meyerson made his acting debut in Wes Anderson 's 2001 award-winning film The Royal Tenenbaums . He played Uzi , the red-suited older son of Chas , played by Ben Stiller , and the grandson of characters played by Gene Hackman and Anjelica Huston . Meyerson was nominated for a Young Artists ' award for his work on that film . He also starred in Griffin and Phoenix , a new movie shown on the Lifetime channel and released on DVD . His work on that film earned him his second Young Artist Award nomination . In 2005 , he was in the movies Little Manhattan and The Matador , and in 2004 , David Duchovny 's House of D. Playing computer genius Yoda who helps Alison Pill 's character in Book of Daniel ( 2006 ) , Jonah was set to appear in eight episodes , but only one of his episodes aired before the series was cancelled . His work on that series is available on the show 's DVD .   He is represented by -LSB- Paradigm -RSB- in New York City .

neg: Mo Awards The Mo Awards , technically the `` Australian Variety Artists Mo Awards '' are long-running annual Australian entertainment industry awards . They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia .

neg: The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition .   The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) .   Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 .   The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .

neg: 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards The 50th Annual Australian Film Institute Awards for film and television acting achievement in the cinema of Australia in 2008 were presented in a ceremony on 5 -- 6 December 2008 . During the ceremony , the Australian Film Institute presented Australian Film Institute Awards ( commonly referred to as AFI Awards ) in 40 categories including feature films , television , animation and documentaries . It was hosted by Stephen Curry of TV1 's The King .   The nominees for Best Documentary , Best Short Fiction Film and Best Short Animation were announced on 7 August whilst all the other nominees were announced at the Nominations Announcement in Sydney on 29 October . The Black Balloon had the most nominations with a total of 11 including Best Film .

neg: William Hanna William Denby `` Bill '' Hanna ( July 14 , 1910 -- March 22 , 2001 ) was an American animator , director , producer , voice actor , and cartoon artist , whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century .   After working odd jobs in the first months of the Depression , Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 . During the 1930s , Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids . In 1937 , while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , Hanna met Joseph Barbera . The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films . In 1957 , they co-founded Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business , producing programs such as The Flintstones , The Huckleberry Hound Show , The Jetsons , Scooby-Doo , The Smurfs , and Yogi Bear . In 1967 , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $ 12 million , but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991 . At that time , the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996 ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors .   Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards . Their cartoons have become cultural icons , and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films , books , and toys . Hanna-Barbera 's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday , and have been translated into more than 28 languages .