query: Zhou Enlai was insignificant in consolidating the Communist Party's control.

pos: Zhou Enlai Zhou Enlai ( ; 5 March 1898 -- 8 January 1976 ) was the first Premier of the People 's Republic of China , serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976 . Zhou served along with Chairman Mao Zedong and was instrumental in the Communist Party 's rise to power , and later in consolidating its control , forming foreign policy , and developing the Chinese economy .   A skilled and able diplomat , Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958 . Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the stalemated Korean War , he participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and the 1955 Bandung Conference , and helped orchestrate Richard Nixon 's 1972 visit to China . He helped devise policies regarding the bitter disputes with the U.S. , Taiwan , the Soviet Union ( after 1960 ) , India and Vietnam .   Zhou survived the purges of other top officials during the Cultural Revolution . While Mao dedicated most of his later years to political struggle and ideological work , Zhou was the main driving force behind the affairs of state during much of the Cultural Revolution . His attempts at mitigating the Red Guards ' damage and his efforts to protect others from their wrath made him immensely popular in the Cultural Revolution 's later stages .   As Mao Zedong 's health began to decline in 1971 and 1972 , Zhou struggled against the Gang of Four internally over leadership of China . Zhou 's health was also failing , however , and he died eight months before Mao on 8 January 1976 . The massive public outpouring of grief in Beijing turned to anger towards the Gang of Four , leading to the Tiananmen Incident . Although succeeded by Hua Guofeng , it was Deng Xiaoping , Zhou 's ally , who was able to outmaneuver the Gang of Four politically and eventually take Hua 's place as paramount leader by 1978 .

neg: Communist revolution A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution often , but not necessarily inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism , typically with socialism as an intermediate stage . The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism ; Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class . Thus , in the Marxist view , proletarian revolutions need to happen in countries all over the world .   Leninism argues that a communist revolution must be led by a vanguard of `` professional revolutionaries '' , men and women who are fully dedicated to the communist cause and who can then form the nucleus of the revolutionary movement . Some Marxists disagree with the idea of a vanguard as put forth by Lenin , especially left communists . Some who continue to consider themselves Marxist -- Leninists also oppose the vanguard despite disagreeing with the majority of left communism . These critics insist that the entire working class -- or at least a large part of it -- must be deeply involved and equally committed to the socialist or communist cause in order for a proletarian revolution to be successful . To this end , they seek to build massive communist parties with very large memberships .

neg: Communist Party of Northern Ireland The Communist Party of Northern Ireland was a small communist party operating in Northern Ireland .

neg: Constitution of the Communist Party of China The Constitution of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program , Membership , Organization System , Central Organizations , Local Organizations , Primary Organizations , Party Cadres , Party Discipline , Party Organs for Discipline Inspection , Leading Party Members ' Groups , Relationship Between the Party and the Communist Youth League , Party Emblem and Flag .   The Party Constitution currently in force was adopted at the Twelfth National Congress of the CPC in September 1982 . In accordance with the changing situation and tasks , revisions were made in some of the articles at the Thirteenth National Congress in November 1987 and in the General Program and some of the articles at the Fourteenth National Congress in October 1992 , and a few revisions were made in the General Program at the Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC in November 2002 .   The organizational principle that drives the political system of the PRC is `` democratic centralism '' . Within the system , the democratic feature demands participation and expression of opinion on key policy issues from members at all levels of party organization . It depends on a constant process of consultation and investigation . At the same time , the centralist feature requires that subordinate organizational levels follow the dictates of superior levels . Once the debate has reached the highest level and decisions concerning policy have been made , all party members are obliged to support the Central Committee .   The constitution emphasizes the party 's role in promoting socialist democracy , in developing and strengthening a socialist legal system , and in consolidating public resolve to carry out the modernization program .

neg: List of German-trained divisions of the National Revolutionary Army The German trained divisions were the elite of the infantry divisions in the Chiang Kai-Shek 's National Revolutionary Army ( NRA ) trained under Sino-German cooperation until 1941 . These divisions were active in the Chinese Civil War and Second Sino-Japanese War .   In 1927 , after the dissolution of the First United Front between the Nationalists and the Communists , the ruling Kuomintang ( KMT , or the Chinese Nationalist Party ) purged its leftist members and largely eliminated Soviet influence from its ranks . Chiang Kai-shek then turned to Germany , historically a great military power , for the reorganisation and modernisation of the NRA .   The Weimar Republic sent advisors to China , but because of the restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles , they could not serve in military capacities . Chiang initially requested famous generals such as Ludendorff and von Mackensen as advisors - the Weimar Republic turned him down , fearing that they were too famous , would invite the ire of the Allies , and would result in the loss of national prestige for such renowned figures to work , essentially , as mercenaries .   When Adolf Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 and disregarded the Treaty , the anti-communist NSDAP ( the Nazi Party ) and the anti-communist KMT were soon engaged in cooperation with Germany training Chinese troops and expanding Chinese infrastructure , while China opened its markets and natural resources to Germany . Max Bauer was the first advisor to China .   In 1934 General Hans von Seeckt , acting as advisor to Chiang , proposed a `` 80 Division Plan '' for reforming the entire Chinese army into 80 divisions of highly trained , well-equipped troops organised along German lines . The plan was never fully realised , as the vying warlords could not agree upon the reorganisationed division organization and the disbanding of the others . By July 1937 only 8 infantry divisions had completed reorganisation and training . These were the 3rd , 6th , 9th , 14th , 36th , 87th , 88th , and the Training Division .   Another 12 divisions equipped with Chinese arms on the reorganized model with German advisors had some training by the time the Second Sino-Japanese War started in July 1937 . These Divisions were the 2nd , 4th , 10th , 11th , 25th , 27th , 57th , 67th , 80th , 83rd , 89th Infantry Divisions .   Reorganized Division organization   Division headquarters troops :  1 Artillery battalion :  3 Artillery companies ( 12 x 75 millimeter mountain artillery guns in batteries of 4 )  1 Anti Tank artillery company ( 4 x 37mm AT gun )  1 Anti-aircraft gun company ( 4 x 20mm anti-aircraft guns )  1 Military Engineer Battalion  1 Signal battalion  2 Wire communications companies  1 Wireless correspondence platoon  1 Heavy Transport Battalion  1 Special duty Battalion ( Special Operations Battalion )  1 medical team ( usually is a Division hospital )  2 Infantry Brigades of :  each with 2 infantry regiments , Each Regiment consisted of :  Regimental headquarters troops :  1 Mortar company ( 6 x 81 millimeter mortars )  1 Small artillery company ( 6 x 20 millimeter autocannon )  1 Communications company  1 Regimental recon company  3 infantry battalions each of :  Infantry battalion headquarters troops :  1 heavy Machinegun company ( 6 heavy machine guns , 2 x 82 millimeter mortars )  3 Infantry companies of :  3 rifle platoons of  3 squads ( each of 1 light machine gun , 10 rifles )   Each Division was to have two Home Regiments to provide trained Infantry replacements .  The strength of this Division was to be approximately 14,000 men .

neg: Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China The Reorganized National Government was the name of the collaborationist government established in the Republic of China from 1940-45 . -LSB- 2 -RSB- It was led by former Kuomintang ( KMT ) party member Wang Jingwei .   Wang Jingwei was the leftist leader of a predominantly civilian Kuomintang faction called the Reorganizationists , who were often at odds with Chiang Kai-shek and his military arm of the Kuomintang . Shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and the initial invasion by the Imperial Japanese Army , Wang Jingwei advocated a strategy of peace and appeasement in order to end the string of devastating losses sustained by the Nationalist Forces and in order to secure the Japanese as a potential ally against the Chinese Communist Party . After the fall of the capital city of Nanjing to the Imperial Japanese Army soon after the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War , the Nationalist government went into exile to Chongqing . On 30 March 1940 Wang Jingwei and his allies defected from Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists and established a collaborationist government under the Japanese Army that claimed to be the legitimate representative of all of the Republic of China . This reorganized national government was formed out of a number of previous collaborationist governments that existed in northern and central China , including the Reformed Government of the Republic of China based in eastern China , the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in northern China , and later on the Mengjiang government in Inner Mongolia , though in reality northern China and Inner Mongolia stayed relatively free of its influence . Although using the same state symbols and name of the republic , the new government obtained international recognition only from the Anti-Comintern Pact countries . The exiled Nationalist government in Chongqing continued to be recognized as the legitimate government of China .   While heavily restricted in its powers by the Japanese occupation , the Reorganized government attempted to limit the civilian casualties inflicted by the Japanese Imperial Army . At the same time , the new government also eagerly assisted the Japanese Imperial Army against Communist forces operating in Reorganized Government territory . As the Japanese war situation worsened and Allied and American forces began threatening the Pacific , the puppet state was gradually granted increased self-governance culminating in the reorganized national government declared war on the Allies on 9 January 1943 . It was disbanded following the surrender of Japan in August 1945 , with the majority of its surviving leaders being put on trial , declared hanjian , traitors to the Han people , and imprisoned or executed for treason .

neg: Suiyuan Suiyuan was a historical province of China . Suiyuan 's capital was Guisui ( now Hohhot ) . The abbreviation was 綏 ( pinyin : suí ) . The area Suiyuan covered is approximated today by the prefecture-level cities of Hohhot , Baotou , Wuhai , Ordos , Bayan Nur , and parts of Ulaan Chab , all today part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Suiyuan was named after a district in the capital established in the Qing Dynasty .   In the early 1930s Suiyuan was occupied by the Shanxi warlord Yan Xishan , who mined Suiyuan 's iron , reorganized the province 's finances , and brought over 4,000 acre of land under cultivation for the first time . Most of the work and settlement of Suiyuan at this time was done by Shanxi farmer-soldiers under the direction of retired officers from Yan 's army . Yan 's control of Suiyuan was sufficient to cause one visiting reporter to refer to Suiyuan as a `` colony '' of Shanxi .   The Suiyuan Campaign took place in Suiyuan during the Second Sino Japanese War . It became a part of the puppet state of Mengjiang from 1937 to 1945 under Japanese rule .   During the Chinese Civil War in 1935 , Communist leader Mao Zedong promised Mongol leaders a `` unified autonomous '' administration which would include all `` historic '' Mongol lands within China , in exchange for Mongol support against the Kuomintang . This promise included the declaration that `` Under no circumstances should other -LSB- non-Mongol ethnic groups -RSB- be allowed to occupy the land of the Inner Mongolian nation '' . But following the Communist victory in 1949 , the administrators of the soon-to-be `` Mongolian '' territories with Han Chinese majorities , the biggest of which was Suiyuan with a population of over 2 million , resisted annexation by the new Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . In 1954 , Mao reached a compromise with Suiyuan , which involved the Mongols ' taking over the administration of Suiyuan , but stipulated that the Han natives not be expelled from the territory . Uradyn Bulag thus notes that `` ironically '' , the Mongols ' territorial ambitions against Suiyuan resulted in their becoming a `` small minority within their own -LSB- enlarged -RSB- autonomous region '' .

neg: Yu Gang Yu Gang ( born 1968 ) is a former Chinese political figure , and former secretary of Zhou Yongkang . Before Zhou 's retirement in 2012 , Yu served as the deputy director of the General Office that served the Central Politics and Law Commission , a body that Zhou headed . Yu was investigated for corruption expelled from the Communist Party of China in July 2014 .

neg: History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present) The People 's Republic of China became more influential economically in the 1990s and 2000s and was beginning to be widely recognized as an emerging superpower . In 2010 , China became the world 's second largest economy by GDP . At the same time , numerous social problems emerged and intensified . As Paramount leader Jiang Zemin , NPCSC Chairman Li Peng and PRC Premier Zhu Rongji , gradually retired from their position of power , `` fourth-generation '' leaders , led by CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao , faced with increasing social unrest , attempted to steer the country towards a new direction . From the path of focusing solely on economic development , Hu and Wen placed focus on creating an overall balance under the idea of the Scientific Outlook on Development to create a socialist harmonious society . In this process , there was an unprecedented shift in stance towards favouring rural development and farmers , as well as other generally populist policies . The Hu-Wen government , on the same token , attempted to restrict some personal freedoms , especially those associated with political content on the Internet .   China 's increased prominence on the global stage has also brought with it general skepticism and intense scrutiny , especially in the lead up to the 2008 Summer Olympics and after the March 2008 protests in Tibet . The government continues to be criticized on human rights abuses and the various product quality scandals that have increasingly damaged the country 's integrity and continues to raise suspicions about the country 's safety standards . The majority of China 's population , however , point to the immense progress the country has made and generally discredit criticisms of China as being embedded in cultural and historical misunderstandings and rooted in paranoia of China 's potential dominance on the world stage . These ideological clashes , fused with rhetoric from Beijing , has led to an intense wave of nationalism ( or Socialist patriotism ) surfacing in Chinese populations around the world .   As of mid-2012 , government statistics show that for the first time ever over 50 % of the Chinese population now live in urban areas , marking a milestone in the urbanization of China . The majority of modern city dwellers are migrants and their children who moved to cities during the economic boom of the last 30 years started by Deng Xiaoping 's policy of economic liberalization .

neg: National People's Congress The National People 's Congress ( usually abbreviated NPC ) is the national legislature of the People 's Republic of China . With 2,987 members in 2013 , it is the largest parliamentary body in the world . Under China 's current Constitution , the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature , with the power to legislate , the power to oversee the operations of the government , and the power to elect the major officers of state . The NPC and the National Committee of the People 's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC ) , a consultative body whose members represent various social groups , are the main deliberative bodies of China , and are often referred to as the Lianghui ( Two Assemblies ) .   The NPC is elected for a term of five years . It holds annual sessions every spring , usually lasting from 10 to 14 days , in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing . The NPC 's sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the CPPCC , and these annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation . The fourth session of the 12th NPC was held from March 5 to March 16 , 2016 .   In theory , the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China , and all four PRC constitutions have vested it with great lawmaking powers . However , in practice it usually acts as a rubber stamp for decisions already made by the state 's executive organs and the Communist Party of China . One of its members , Hu Xiaoyan , told the BBC in 2009 that she has no power to help her constituents . She was quoted as saying , `` As a parliamentary representative , I do n't have any real power . '' In 2014 , the participating party pledged to `` unswervingly adhere to the leadership of Chinese Communist Party . '' Since the 1990s , the NPC has become a forum for mediating policy differences between different parts of the Party , the government , and groups of society .

neg: 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état The 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état ( often simply the Czech coup ) ( Únor 1948 , Február 1948 , both meaning `` February 1948 '' ) -- in Marxist historiography known as `` Victorious February '' ( Vítězný únor , Víťazný február ) -- was an event late that February in which the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia , with Soviet backing , assumed undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia , marking the onset of four decades of communist rule in the country .   The coup 's significance extended well beyond the country 's boundaries as it was a clear marker along the already well-advanced road to full-fledged Cold War . The event alarmed Western countries and helped spur quick adoption of the Marshall Plan , the creation of a state in West Germany , vigorous measures to keep communists out of power in France and especially Italy , and steps toward mutual security that would , in little over a year , result in the establishment of NATO and the definitive drawing of the Iron Curtain until the Revolutions of 1989 .

neg: National Security Commission of the Communist Party of China The Central National Security Commission ( abbreviated CNSC ; ) of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) was established at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee in November 2013 , and was considered a `` major regrouping of the top CCP power structure . ''   The factors driving the establishment of the CNSC were security challenges faced by the Chinese Party-State , and the deficiencies of the current system   The CNSC aims to consolidate political leadership of all components of the security apparatus controlled by the Communist Party , including those headed formerly by former Politburo Standing Committee member Zhou Yongkang . These components would be combined into a single entity under the direct command of the CPC General Secretary . According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Qin Gang , the NSC aims to combat terrorism , separatism , and religious extremism . It will also deal with national security strategy , crisis management , and links with foreign national security agencies .   Analysts regarded the establishment of the NSC one of the most `` concrete '' and `` eye-catching '' outcomes of the Plenary Session , set to end the debate , which took place over a decade , on whether China should have a national security council .

neg: Li Jingquan Li Jingquan ( November 1 , 1909 -- April 24 , 1989 ) was a Chinese politician and the first Party Committee Secretary of Sichuan following the establishment of the People 's Republic of China in 1949 . Li was born into a landlord 's family in Huichang County , Jiangxi in 1908 . He began studying Marxist theory in his youth , joined the Communist Youth League in 1927 , and became a full member of the Communist Party of China in 1930 . During the 1930s , Li served as a political commissar in the Red Army , and participated in the Long March . During the Second Sino-Japanese War , Li commanded the military actions against the Japanese invasion in the northwest of China , included in Mongolia and Shanxi . In 1949 , working with He Long , Liu Bocheng , and Deng Xiaoping , Li commanded his troops to occupy all of Sichuan province .   After the founding of the People 's Republic of China , Li became one of the dominant political figures in Sichuan . He led agrarian reform in the province in 1950 , and the establishment of socialist cooperatives in 1955 . However , after Mao Zedong launched the Anti-Rightist Movement in 1957 , Li became more radical , persecuting more than 50,000 `` bourgeoisie rightist '' elements , which represented 10 % of the rightists persecuted nationwide during the movement . From 1958 to 1961 , he participated enthusiastically in the Great Leap Forward movement . Li 's radical policies created major food shortages in Sichuan , leading to the deaths of over 8 million people from starvation according to official statistics . In 1961 , Li was made Party Secretary of the Southwestern Bureau of China , and retained his position as Party Secretary of Sichuan province .   During the Cultural Revolution , Li was branded an enemy of the Party , relieved of all political and administrative positions , and imprisoned . He was released in 1972 and rehabilitated in 1973 . Following the Cultural Revolution , Li served as a Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress and as a member of the 10th and 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China .

neg: Chen Yun Chen Yun ( , pronounced -LSB- - cmnchen2-yun2 -RSB- 13 June 1905 -- 10 April 1995 ) was one of the most influential leaders of the People 's Republic of China during the 1980s and 1990s . He was also known as Liao Chengyun ; it is unclear whether this was his original name or a pseudonym he used during his underground work in Shanghai . He was one of the major political leaders of China both during and after the Chinese Civil War along with Mao Zedong , Liu Shaoqi , Zhou Enlai , Zhu De and Ren Bishi and was later considered to be one of the Eight Elders of the Communist Party of China .

neg: Yu Zhengsheng Yu Zhengsheng ( ; born 5 April 1945 ) is a Chinese politician and one of the top leaders of the Communist Party of China . He is the Chairman of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC ) , a largely ceremonial political advisory body , and a member of the Politburo Standing Committee , China 's de facto highest ruling body , since November 2012 .   Prior to coming to prominence nationally , Yu served as the Communist Party Secretary of Hubei , and Party Secretary of Shanghai , one of China 's most important regional offices . Yu became a member of the Politburo in November 2002 .

neg: Li Xiaomin Li Xiaomin ( ; born May 1959 ) is a Chinese politician currently serving as the Communist Party Secretary of Wuxi , and a member of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Standing Committee .   Li was born in Laiyang , Shandong province . He joined the Communist Party of China in 1982 . He graduated from Nanjing University , where he majored in European capitalism and social development history . He later became involved in politics , serving in a series of roles in the Organization Department of the Jiangsu provincial party committee , before being elevated to deputy head of the department , then deputy secretary-general of the provincial government , then vice governor of Jiangsu . In March 2011 he was named a member of the provincial Party Standing Committee and the Secretary of the provincial Political and Legal Affairs Commission ( Zhengfawei ) . On March 30 , 2015 , he was named Party Secretary of Wuxi , one of the most important cities in southern Jiangsu ; he eventually relinquished his Zhengfawei post to Wang Like .

neg: Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius The Criticize Lin ( Biao ) , Criticize Confucius Campaign ( also called the Anti-Lin Biao , Anti-Confucius campaign ) was a political propaganda campaign started by Mao Zedong and his wife , Jiang Qing , the leader of the Gang of Four . It lasted from 1973 until the end of the Cultural Revolution , in 1976 . The campaign produced detailed Maoist interpretations of Chinese history , and was used as a tool by the Gang of Four to attack their enemies .   The campaign continued in several phases , beginning as an academic attempt to interpret Chinese history according to Mao 's political theories . In 1974 the campaign was joined with another , pre-existent campaign to attack Lin Biao , who had allegedly attempted to assassinate Mao in a failed coup before his death in 1971 . In early 1975 the campaign was modified to indirectly attack China 's Premier , Zhou Enlai , and other senior Chinese leaders . In mid-1975 the Gang of Four introduced debate on The Water Margin as a tool to attack their enemies . The campaign only ended in 1976 , when the Gang of Four were arrested , ending the Cultural Revolution .

neg: Huang Hua Huang Hua ( ; January 25 , 1913 -- November 24 , 2010 ) was a senior Communist Chinese revolutionary , politician , and diplomat . He served as Foreign Minister of China from 1976 to 1982 , and concurrently as Vice Premier from 1980 to 1982 . He was instrumental in establishing diplomatic links of the People 's Republic of China with the United States and Japan , and was involved in the negotiations with the United Kingdom over the status of Hong Kong .

neg: New Left in China The New Left in the People 's Republic of China is a school of intellectual thought that is critical of capitalism and aspects of the Chinese economic reforms and in favour of elements of Maoist-style socialism , which includes significant role for state planning , the preservation of state-owned enterprises , and a renewed spirit of collectivism . It is also correlated with increased Chinese nationalism after a period of ` low-profile ' presence on the world stage during Deng Xiaoping 's era . It is seen as a response to problems faced by China during its modernization drive since the 1980s , which has led to mounting social inequality between the coast and the hinterlands , as well as between the rich and the poor .   Its relationship with Maoism and capitalism is complex . Some schools of thought suggest that the New Left wants to return to the mass political movements of the Mao Zedong era and an abandonment of capitalist practices , while others believe that it blends the open markets of capitalism while still maintaining socialist aspects of the community , particularly in rural China .

neg: Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping A far-reaching campaign against corruption began in China following the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012 . The campaign , carried out under the aegis of Xi Jinping , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China ( paramount leader ) , was the largest organized anti-graft effort in the history of Communist rule in China .   Upon taking office , Xi vowed to crack down on `` tigers and flies '' , that is , high-level officials and local civil servants alike . Most of the officials investigated were removed from office and faced accusations of bribery and abuse of power , although the range of alleged abuses varied widely . , the campaign has ` netted ' over 120 high-ranking officials , including about a dozen high-ranking military officers , several senior executives of state-owned companies , and five national leaders . More than 100,000 people have been indicted for corruption . The campaign is part of a much wider drive to clean up malfeasance within party ranks and shore up party unity . It has become an emblematic feature of Xi Jinping 's political brand .   Executed largely under the direction of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and its Secretary Wang Qishan along with corresponding military and judicial organs , the campaign was notable in implicating both incumbent and former national-level leaders , including former Politburo Standing Committee ( PSC ) member Zhou Yongkang and former military leaders Xu Caihou and Guo Boxiong . Such investigations broke the unspoken rule regarding ` PSC criminal immunity ' that has been the norm since the end of the Cultural Revolution .

neg: Zhou Weizhi Zhou Weizhi ( 13 June 1916 -- 12 September 2014 ) was a Chinese musician and politician . He served as acting Minister of Culture of the People 's Republic of China , and was a standing committee member of the 7th Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC ) .


query: The Togo national football team attack involved Emmanuel Adebayor.

pos: Emmanuel Adebayor Sheyi Emmanuel Adebayor ( -LSB- ɛmanɥɛl adəbɛjɔʁ -RSB- ; born 26 February 1984 ) is a Togolese professional footballer who plays as a striker for Turkish club İstanbul Başakşehir . He previously played for English clubs Arsenal , Manchester City , Tottenham Hotspur and Crystal Palace , as well as French sides Metz and Monaco and Spanish team Real Madrid . He was voted African Footballer of the Year for 2008 .   Adebayor represented the Togo national team at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany , the country 's debut , and to date only , appearance at the World Cup . In January 2010 , Adebayor was one of the players involved when the Togo team 's bus came under gunfire on the way to the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations in Angola , after which he retired from national team duty . In 2013 , he returned to the Togo team for the 2013 African Cup of Nations in South Africa , where he helped them to qualify for the quarter-finals . He is currently Togo 's all-time top goalscorer with 31 goals .

neg: Rafiou Moutairou Rafiou Moutairou is a retired Togolese football player . He finished in 3rd place in the 1983 African Footballer of the Year polling while playing for OC Agaza in Lomé . Rafiou Moutairo is the half brother from Bachirou Salou .   Moutairou played for the Togo national football team at the 1984 African Cup of Nations .

neg: Togolese Americans Togolese Americans are Americans of Togolese descent . According to answers provided to an open-ended question included in the 2000 census , 1,716 people said that their ancestry or ethnic origin was Togolese . An unofficial estimate in 2008 of the Togolese American population was more than 2,500 .

neg: Togolese presidential referendum, 1972 A referendum on coup leader Gnassingbé Eyadéma remaining president was held in Togo on 9 January 1972 . Eyadéma had overthrown the government in 1967 and installed himself as president on 14 April .   Voters were asked the question `` Do you want General Eyadéma to continue the functions of president of the republic entrusted to him by the army and the people ? '' The result was reported to be 99.9 % of voters in favour with a 97.8 % turnout .

neg: Uche Okafor Uchenna Kizito Okafor , often shortened to Uche Okafor ( 8 August 1967 -- 6 January 2011 ) was a football defender who played 34 international matches for Nigeria .

neg: Abdulafees Abdulsalam Abdulafees Abdulsalam ( born 13 April 1984 in Lagos ) is a Nigerian football player . He is an attacking player who can play striker based on his physical capability and football sense .   Abdulafees has played for clubs in Nigeria , Benin , China , Malaysia and Middle East .   In the second transfer window of the 2014 Malaysia Super League on April 2014 , he joined Perak FA after a successful trial .   He was a part of the Nigeria U17 in 2001 African U-17 Championship , who finished as the first rank in Group A , making it through to the next round , before winning gold medal in Seychelles

neg: Ivorian presidential election, 2010 A presidential election was held in two rounds in Ivory Coast ( Côte d'Ivoire ) . The first round was held on 31 October 2010 and a second round , in which President Laurent Gbagbo faced opposition leader Alassane Ouattara , was held on 28 November 2010 . Originally scheduled to be held in 2005 , the vote was delayed several times due to the Ivorian Civil War and difficulties involved in the organization and preparation of the election . A peace agreement between the government and the former rebel New Forces was signed on 4 March 2007 , and in late April 2009 , it was announced that the election would be held by 6 December 2009 , and that the date would be announced shortly . On 15 May 2009 , the date was announced to be 29 November 2009 .  On 11 November , the election was postponed again due to delays in the electoral roll . It was announced on 3 December 2009 to be held in late February or early March 2010 .   The election , in which ethnicity and the country 's north-south divide played a crucial role , ultimately pitted President Gbagbo , who had a strong support base in the south , against the long-time opposition leader and former Prime Minister Ouattara , who had overwhelming support in much of the north . The events leading up to the second round and following it were characterized by serious tension and some incidents of violence , and the preliminary report of the Carter Center `` cautions against a rush to judgment regarding the overall credibility of the election '' , but most observers considered that the overall result was not compromised , and that the election was essentially free and fair . On 2 December 2010 , the Independent Electoral Commission ( IEC ) released provisional results showing that Ouattara had won the election in the second round with 54 % of the vote . However the President of the Constitutional Council immediately declared that the results were invalid and the next day , in accordance with article 94 of the Constitution , the Constitutional Council declared Gbagbo the winner . Both Gbagbo and Ouattara claimed victory and took the presidential oath of office . The ensuing events led to the 2010 -- 2011 Ivorian crisis .   The international community , including the United Nations , the African Union , the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) , the European Union , the United States , and former colonial power France have affirmed their support for Ouattara , who is `` almost universally acknowledged to have defeated -LSB- Gbagbo -RSB- at the ballot box , '' and have called for Gbagbo to step down , despite the fact that the body charged by the Constitution with determining electoral disputes had declared Gbagbo to be the winner . On 18 December , Gbagbo ordered all UN peacekeepers to leave the country . However , the UN has refused , and the Security Council has extended the mandate of the UN Mission in Ivory Coast until 30 June 2011 . International powers have been in talks to enlarge the UN force in the Ivory Coast . The World Bank has halted loans to the country and travel restrictions have been placed on Gbagbo and his political allies . The rising political tensions resulted in a sharp jump in cocoa prices , up to an increase of 10 percent . The Ivory Coast is the world 's largest producer of the crop .   After fighting the Second Ivorian Civil War , Gbagbo was forcefully removed from office and Ouattara took office as the undisputed president on April 11 , 2012 . Afterward , Gbagbo was indicted and arrested by the International Criminal Court .

neg: Charles Addo Odametey Charles Addo Odametey ( 23 February 1937 -- 29 December 2006 ) was a Ghanaian football player .

neg: Simon Gbegnon Simon Gbegnon ( born 27 October 1992 in Nantes ) is a footballer who plays for Épinal and the Togo national football team as a centreback .

neg: Claude Le Roy Claude Marie François Le Roy ( born 6 February 1948 ) is a French football manager and former player , who gained prominence at international level as coach to the Senegal and Ghana national teams . He is currently the manager of the Togo national football team .

neg: Football in Ivory Coast Football is a popular sport in Côte d'Ivoire . The national team won the Africa Cup of Nations in Senegal in 1992 . In 2006 they participated in the 2006 World Cup in Germany . The youth national teams have also done well in world championships , and the clubs from Côte d'Ivoire have won several continental titles . Among famous players from the country are Kolo Touré of Liverpool , Chelsea striker and former national team captain , Didier Drogba , Wilfried Bony and Yaya Touré of Manchester City , Gervinho and Seydou Doumbia of Roma , and Salomon Kalou of Hertha Berlin .   The Ivory Coast national team won a second African cup of nations in 2015 .

neg: Kingsley Amuneke Kingsley Amuneke ( born 26 July 1980 ) is a former Nigerian footballer who played as a defender .

neg: Kingsley Madu Kingsley Madu ( born 12 December 1995 ) is a Nigerian football left-back who plays for Belgian club Zulte Waregem . He is also a member of the Nigeria national football team .

neg: 1994 African Cup of Nations Final The 1994 African Cup of Nations Final was a football match that took place on April 10 , 1994 , and was the final match of the 19th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations . It was played in the Stade El Menzah in Tunis , Tunisia . Nigeria won its second championship , beating Zambia in the final 2 − 1 .   The Zambian team was recently constituted , following the 1993 air disaster in which eighteen players and several staff members from the previous team were killed .

neg: Sunday Emmanuel (footballer) Sunday Chukuamaka Emmanuel ( born 25 February 1992 ) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays for Vietnam club Becamex Bình Dương as a striker .

neg: Sam Okafor Samuel Amaechi Okafor ( born 17 March 1982 ) is a Nigerian former footballer who played in the Football League as a midfielder for Colchester United .

neg: 2010 Africa Cup of Nations Group B Group B was one of four groups of national teams competing at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations . The group 's first round of matches began on January 11 and its last matches were played on January 19 . Most matches were played at the Estádio Chimandela in Cabinda and featured Ivory Coast , joined by Ghana and Burkina Faso . Togo pulled out before the opening game because of the attack on their team bus .   Togo were disqualified from the tournament after missing their opening game against Ghana . Group B became a three-team group .

neg: Sam Abouo Sam Abouo ( born 26 December 1973 is a retired footballer from Côte d'Ivoire .   Abouo was a member of the Ivory Coast squad for the 1992 , 1994 and 2000 Africa Cup of Nations .

neg: Fuad Ibrahim Abdusalam Abas Ibrahim , ፉአድ ኢብራሒም known as Fuad Ibrahim and Ibee Ibrahim ( born August 15 , 1991 ) is an Ethiopian footballer .

neg: Togo national basketball team The Togo national basketball team is the men 's national basketball team representing Togo in international competition . In August 2010 , the team qualified for the 2011 African Championship in nearby Côte d'Ivoire .

neg: Ndubuisi Okosieme Ndubuisi Okosieme ( born 28 September 1966 ) is a former Nigerian international football player . He was a skilful right -- winger who played professional club football in Nigeria and Belgium , as well as representing the Nigeria national under-20 football team ( Flying Eagles ) and the senior Nigeria national football team ( Green Eagles ) in tournament football at international level . He was known by the nickname `` Garrincha '' during his football career .


query: Joe Manganiello has worked with Arnold Schwarzenegger.

pos: Sabotage (2014 film) Sabotage is a 2014 American action thriller film co-written and directed by David Ayer and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger , Sam Worthington , Olivia Williams , Mireille Enos and Terrence Howard . The film was released in the United States on March 28 , 2014 .

pos: Joe Manganiello Joseph Michael Manganiello ( -LSB- ˌmæŋɡəˈnɛloʊ -RSB- ; -LSB- maŋɡaˈnjɛllo -RSB- ; born December 28 , 1976 ) is an American actor , director , producer , author and philanthropist . He played Flash Thompson in Sam Raimi 's Spider-Man trilogy and had various recurring roles in television on ER , How I Met Your Mother , and One Tree Hill , before landing his breakout role as werewolf Alcide Herveaux on the HBO television series True Blood . In 2011 , he was voted `` Favorite Pop-Culture Werewolf of All Time '' by the readers of Entertainment Weekly , and one of Men 's Health `` 100 Fittest Men of All Time '' .   Manganiello has appeared in films such as Magic Mike , What to Expect When You 're Expecting , and Sabotage . In late 2013 , he became a published author when his first book , Evolution , was released by Simon & Schuster 's Gallery Books . He is active with several charities , including Children 's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , and he serves on the committee of The Art of Elysium .

neg: Joe Johnson (cartoonist) Joe Johnson was an American gay cartoonist , whose Miss Thing and Big Dick were among the first ongoing gay comics characters , appearing in the late 1960s and early 1970s . The characters were featured in single-panel humor cartoons originally published in The Advocate .   Miss Thing is an unflappable , stereotypically effeminate gay `` queen '' ; the name was a popular expression in gay male subculture for such a person . He has a willowy physique and a pompadour hairstyle , and wears floral prints , bell-bottoms , and flamboyant blouses . Big Dick is an outgoing , stereotypically macho gay man . He has a highly muscular physique and an exaggeratedly large penis , and wears a baseball cap , jeans , and a leather jacket and boots , in the mold of a Tom of Finland character . Both characters are sexually adventurous , and the cartoons are blatantly sexual with frequent nudity , but not sexually explicit . The characters usually appear separately in cartoons under their respective names , but sometimes meet .   Johnson published a collection of Miss Thing and Big Dick cartoons through Funny Bone Press in 1973 as : ... and so , this is YOUR life , Miss Thing ( the title being a reference to the then-recent popular television program This Is Your Life ) , with an introduction by Larry Townsend . Some of Johnson 's cartoons were also reprinted in volumes of Meatmen in the 1980s , as well as in historical overviews such as No Straight Lines published by Fantagraphics in 2012 . Johnson also produced explicit erotic illustrations for sale .   Cartoonist Donelan was inspired by Johnson 's work to begin his series `` It 's a Gay Life '' , which appeared in The Advocate after `` Miss Thing '' and `` Big Dick '' ended . Howard Cruse cited Johnson 's `` brazenly gay '' cartooning as an inspiration .

neg: Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 .   Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography .   Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups .   Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .

neg: Joe Stillman Joseph `` Joe '' Stillman ( born August 1 , 1959 ) is an American television and movie writer , producer and director .   Before becoming a screenwriter he worked for several TV shows like Beavis and Butt-head , King of the Hill , Doug and The Adventures of Pete & Pete .   Stillman 's first screen credits were on Joseph : King of Dreams and his second on Shrek , both for DreamWorks . His most recent credits are on Planet 51 for TriStar and Gulliver 's Travels for 20th Century Fox .

neg: California Assembly Bill 962 (2009) California Assembly Bill 962 ( 2009 ) ( AB 962 ) was a gun control law in California , authored by Assemblyman Kevin de León , and signed into law by Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger on October 11 , 2009 . AB 962 was set to take effect on February 1 , 2011 , but was ruled unconstitutional by Fresno Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Hamilton on January 18 , 2011 , in Parker v. California .   AB 962 would have required that all transfers of ownership of `` handgun ammunition '' be done in a face-to-face transaction , with the deliverer or transferor being provided bona fide evidence of identity of the purchaser or other transferee . As part of every `` handgun ammunition '' transfer , AB 962 would have required vendors to record and maintain , for a time period no less than five years : the transaction date , the ammunition brand and caliber , the processor 's name , as well as the purchaser 's driver license number , signature , name , right thumbprint , residential address , phone number , and date of birth . The bill also aimed to stop felony gang crimes by making it a misdemeanor to possess ammunition while associating with a criminal street gang .   On August 19 , 2010 , the NRA-CRPA Foundation Legal Action Project filed a lawsuit challenging AB 962 . The lead plaintiff in the lawsuit was Tehama County Sheriff Clay Parker . The lawsuit alleged that the mandates in AB 962 were incomprehensible , and that the definition of `` handgun ammunition '' was unconstitutionally vague .   On January 18 , 2011 , Fresno Superior Court Judge Jeffrey Hamilton ruled , in Parker v. California , that the definition of `` handgun ammunition '' was indeed unconstitutionally vague . The Court enjoined enforcement of the bill . Mail order ammunition sales to California therefore continue .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Joe Ranft Joseph Henry `` Joe '' Ranft ( March 13 , 1960 -- August 16 , 2005 ) was an American screenwriter , animator , storyboard artist , voice actor and magician who worked for Pixar Animation Studios and Disney at Walt Disney Animation Studios and Disney Television Animation . His brother , Jerome Ranft , is a sculptor who also worked on several Pixar movies .   He received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nomination as one of the writers of Toy Story ( 1995 ) , and was also co-director on Cars ( 2006 ) , his final work .

neg: Carlo Mazzone-Clementi Carlo Mazzone-Clementi ( 12 December 1920 -- 5 November 2000 ) was a performer and founder of two schools of commedia , mime and physical theater as well as a contemporary and colleague of leaders of modern European theater . From his arrival in the USA in 1957 , he was largely responsible for the spreading of commedia dell ` arte in North America .   He first gained attention in Italy in 1947 alongside Marcel Marceau in the mime 's first tour outside of Paris . From 1948 to 1951 , he assisted Jacques Lecoq , while Lecoq taught and directed the Players of Padua University . In 1954 , Mazzone-Clementi was at Piccolo Teatro di Milano with Dario Fo and Franca Rame .   While he was performing with Piccolo Teatro as well as teaching in Rome , the American theatre scholar and director Eric Bentley came to Italy to direct the Padua Players company in the first Italian production of Bertolt Brecht . Then , with Bentley 's patronage , Mazzone-Clementi toured the United States in 1958 , conducting workshops in mime and commedia , and introducing the leather masks of Amleto Sartori to this country . That led to a teaching assignment at the Carnegie Institute of Technology , followed by Brandeis University , the University of California at Berkeley , the American Conservatory Theater and others . He was known as Carlo Mazzone until 1965 when he worked with the new acting ensemble at the Theatre of Lincoln Center . From then on he was known as Carlo Mazzone-Clementi . Clementi was the name of his mother and his grandfather , Girolamo Clementi , who was versed in the work of Paduan playwright and forerunner of commedia dell ` arte , Angelo Beolco , known as `` Ruzzante . ''   In 1972 , Mazzone-Clementi and his wife Jane Hill , a graduate of Carnegie-Mellon , went to Humboldt County , California to conduct summer workshops at their rural property . From this experience came the decision to re-locate permanently in Humboldt and to establish a full-time actor training program . In 1974 , the couple purchased the Oddfellows Hall in Blue Lake , California and co-founded the Dell ' Arte School of Mime and Comedy , now known as the Dell ` Arte International School of Physical Theatre . Hill also joined the faculty at College of the Redwoods , where the pair created the Grand Comedy Festival at Qual-a-wa-loo , a summer repertory festival that produced plays of Shakespeare in rotation with musical adaptations of those plays ; Mazzone-Clementi served as the festival 's artistic director for six years . In 1974 their article , `` Commedia and the Actor '' was published in The Drama Review TDR ( journal ) .   Mazzone-Clementi moved to Copenhagen , Denmark in 1984 and founded a second sister theater school there , named the Commedia School . In 1994 returned to California and continued teaching until shortly before his death on 5 November 2000 in San Francisco .

neg: Joseph Gordon-Levitt Joseph Leonard Gordon-Levitt ( -LSB- ˈlɛvᵻt -RSB- born February 17 , 1981 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . As a child actor , he appeared in the films A River Runs Through It , Angels in the Outfield and 10 Things I Hate About You , and as Tommy Solomon in the TV series 3rd Rock from the Sun . He took a break from acting to study at Columbia University , but dropped out in 2004 to pursue acting again . He has since starred in 500 Days of Summer , Inception , Hesher , 50/50 , Premium Rush , The Dark Knight Rises , Brick , Looper , The Lookout , Manic , Lincoln , Mysterious Skin and G.I. Joe : The Rise of Cobra . He starred as Philippe Petit in the Robert Zemeckis-directed film The Walk ( 2015 ) , and as Edward Snowden in the Oliver Stone film Snowden ( 2016 ) .   He also founded the online production company hitRECord in 2004 and has hosted his own TV series , HitRecord on TV , since January 2014 . In 2013 , Gordon-Levitt made his feature film directing and screenwriting debut with Don Jon , a comedy film in which he also stars . He previously directed and edited two short films , both of which were released in 2010 : Morgan M. Morgansen 's Date with Destiny and Morgan and Destiny 's Eleventeenth Date : The Zeppelin Zoo .

neg: James Torello James Vincent `` Turk '' Torello ( December 15 , 1930 -- April 13 , 1979 Woodridge , Illinois ) was an Italian-American mobster who became a caporegime and leading enforcer for the Chicago Outfit during the mid-to-late 1970s .   Born in Chicago , Illinois , Torello 's first arrest was in 1945 ; his rap sheet would eventually include convictions for auto theft , armed robbery , burglary and hijacking . Torello would serve two years in federal prison for violating firearms laws . Torello would serve as capo of the South Side/26th Street crew . Union boss and mob associate John Serpico would later testify after turning informant that he and Torello were born on the same street and lived half a block away from one another .   In the late 1960s , Torello sent Robert `` Bobby the Beak '' Siegel to Las Vegas to help collect $ 87,000 from an associate of Frank `` Lefty '' Rosenthal , the Outfit agent at the Stardust Hotel & Casino . This story was related by Siegel at the `` Family Secrets '' organized crime trial , in Chicago , in the summer of 2007 .   On another occasion , an angry mob boss Sam Giancana dispatched Torello and mobster Jackie Cerone to kill Outfit member Frank Esposito , in Florida . Luckily for Esposito , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) secretly recorded Giancana 's conversation and warned Esposito . He then settled his dispute with Giancana and the hit was canceled . According to tape recordings , Torello and his killers had planned to murder Esposito , cut him up in small pieces and feed them to the sharks off the Florida coast .   By the early 1970s , Torello had become a high-ranking member within the Outfit . In 1973 , with the death of Fiore `` Fifi '' Buccieri , Torello became the Outfit 's chief enforcer . He also became involved in loan sharking , illegal gambling and pornography .   In the late 1970s Torello bought a home in Palm Springs , California , and in April 1979 , he died of cancer at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago . He was 49 .

neg: Arnie II Arnie II , developed by Zeppelin Games in 1993 , is a computer game and sequel to Arnie . It was written by David Sowerby with graphics by Neil Hislop . The music was created by Andrew Rodger . The game 's manual says that `` Arnie has been chosen to perform four missions that require stealth , skill and extreme violence . ''   The muscleman shoots and bombs his way through four enemy-infested territories :   Shutting down a chemical plant by blowing up enough pipeline valves .  Clearing an airfield of enemy soldiers , tanks and helicopters .  Climbing from battleship to battleship in a hostile harbour .  Rescuing as many prisoners as possible from a jungle POW camp .   There are enemies on every level , from simple infantry armed with rifles , mortars or rocket launchers to machine team teams , missile batteries and tanks . Most of the opponents are stationary and stolidly fire in a single direction ; however , foxholes release cannon-fodder at a constant rate .   To destroy such nests or to efficiently dispatch groups of soldiers , Arnie has a limited supply of grenades . Some dead foes drop more powerful weapons as well as invaluable first aid kits and extra lives .   Although it is obvious that the game 's name alludes to Arnold Schwarzenegger , Arnie II is not a licensed title and is not based on any movie .

neg: Christian Schwarzenegger Christian Schwarzenegger ( born 11 November 1959 in Zürich ) is a Swiss academic lawyer and professor of criminal law , criminal procedure and criminology at the University of Zurich .   He is the son of an Austrian musician and later engineer , who immigrated in the 1950s from Styria to Switzerland . The father of Christian Schwarzenegger is a cousin of Arnold Schwarzenegger , the actor and former governor of California . Christian Schwarzenegger grew up in Zürich . He has been married since 1986 and has a son .

neg: Jim Romagna James `` Jim '' Romagna ( born 1970 ) is an American bodybuilder , and also a fitness model .   From 1989 to 1992 he studied English at Loras College . He also played football and ran track at Loras . After college , he was actively devoted to the game of rugby and martial arts , but soon began a bodybuilding career . After his debut in 1994 , attended the above twenty-four competitions , including Musclemania and the Team Universe . In 2000 , at the NPC Los Angeles Championships he was placed at third position as a drug-free competitor in a non-tested competition . On June 19 , 2004 , during the NPC Junior National Championships , he took fourteenth place .   In 2006 he appeared on the cover of the March issue of Muscle & Fitness magazine . Session repeated in June next year .   He currently lives in Dubuque , Iowa , where he is an instructor of Health Wellness and Recreation at the University of Dubuque . He 's also a personal trainer , and writes columns for various sports magazines such as Muscle & Fitness . Natural Fit Inc. owner .   In the summer of 2010 , Jim was interviewed by freelance writer Rod Labbe for Men 's Workout magazine . The interview , entitled `` The Hunk Next Door , '' saw print in their November 2010 issue .

neg: Newt Arnold Newt Arnold ( February 22 , 1922 -- February 12 , 2000 ) was an American film director , producer and screenwriter . Arnold directed Bloodsport , which was released in 1988 and has since become a cult film and several other screen works . Arnold was the two-time recipient of the Directors Guild of America Award for his work as an assistant director of The Godfather Part II and 12 Angry Men .

neg: Joe Silva Joe Silva is a former UFC matchmaker and a 2017 inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame .   Joe Silva began working for UFC in 1993 after answering an advertisement for fighters in Black Belt Magazine . During his role as matchmaker , he made each of the fights for the live events of UFC since prior to the purchase of the UFC by the Fertitta brothers in 2000 , under the ownership of SEG . His last official title was Vice-President of Talent Relations . As a part of his job , he both signed new and fired fighters from the UFC . Silva retired in September 2016 following the sale of UFC to WME-IMG , after selling his UFC shares to the new owner . His final event occurred on December 30 , 2016 . During his later career , the USA Today sports website MMA Junkie ran an article series `` Joe Silva 's Shoes '' that speculated on what fights Silva might make for upcoming UFC events . In 2017 , Silva was named an inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame .

neg: Commando (1985 film) Commando is a 1985 American action film directed by Mark L. Lester , and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Rae Dawn Chong . The film was released in the United States on October 4 , 1985 .   The film was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Special Effects but lost to Back to the Future . The film 's score was provided by James Horner . A critical and commercial success , Commando was the 7th highest-grossing R-rated movie of 1985 worldwide , and the 25th highest-grossing overall .

neg: Maripol Maripol is an artist , film producer , fashion designer and stylist who has had an influence on the looks of many influential artists , including Grace Jones , Deborah Harry and Madonna . She is also a Polaroid artist photographer .   Maripol was brought up in France before moving to New York City in 1976 . In the early 1980s , Maripol was the art director for hip Italian boutique Fiorucci . By the mid-80s , Maripol had achieved some success with her own shop , Maripolitan , in the NoHo area of New York .   Maripol is best known for designing for and styling pop singer Madonna during the Madonna and Like a Virgin albums in the mid-1980s . Maripol 's trademark black rubber bracelets , jewellery and crucifixes became as iconic as Madonna herself in these early years . She also made a line of official Madonna jewellery and accessories for the Like a Virgin tour .   At the same time she directed documentary films , such as `` Crack is whack '' on 1980s artist Keith Haring .   She has also worked as a film producer , most notably on the post-production of Downtown 81 , a film starring artist Jean-Michel Basquiat and featuring Blondie lead singer Deborah Harry , and with musical interludes by many New York No Wave bands . The movie , directed by then partner Edo Bertoglio and written and produced by Glenn O'Brien , was filmed in 1980-81 as New York Beat . However , it was not until the late 1990s that the film was edited and released ( as Downtown 81 ) . O'Brien and Executive Producer Michael Zilkha enlisted Maripol to work on post-production to complete the film before its 2000 release , and debut at the Director 's Fortnight at Cannes .   She has been the art director on music videos for Cher , D'Angelo , Elton John , and Luther Vandross .   In February 2010 , Maripol had a collection of jewelry and tee shirts in the Marc by Marc Jacobs stores , inspired by the jewelry she created in the 80s .   Early 2014 , Maripol released `` MARIPOLA X '' , a book about her erotic Polaroid pictures , including many from the 80s ( Grace Jones , Madonna , Naomi Campbell , etc. ) . The same year , she published `` Love Each other '' , her first record as singer with the French composer and producer which followed her collaboration with the French fashion label Each x Other .

neg: Blonde Cobra Blonde Cobra is a 1963 short film directed by experimental filmmaker Ken Jacobs . Footage for the unique and at the time controversial film was shot by Bob Flieshner . Marc Siegel in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die states that the 33 minute film is `` generally considered to be one of the masterpieces of the New York underground film scene , and that it is a `` fascinating audio-visual testament to the tragicomic performance of the inimitable Jack Smith '' , who was a photographer and filmmaker and `` queer muse '' in New York avant-garde art in the 1960s and 1970s .   The film captures Smith wearing dresses and makeup , playing with dolls , and smoking marijuana . Paul Arthur writes that the film contains `` dizzying quasi-autobiographical rants '' which spin on sadism , and that like Jacobs ' Little Stabs At Happiness , it contains `` languid improvisations studded with the bare bones of narrative incident or , more accurately , its collapse '' . The film contains Smith droning and singing and wildly cooing and cackling in parts of the film . The `` lonely little boy '' episode about a little boy living in a large house with 10 rooms has been cited as being `` potentially repugnant to many viewers '' because of its exploration of sadism against children and childhood sexuality . In this episode the narrator confesses to have `` blown up the penis '' of a 7-year-old boy with a match . The film contains numerous other elements which were shocking at the time of release such as references to necrophilia , the use of the word `` cunt '' , the confession of a nun ( impersonated in a posh high-pitched voice by Smith ) to lesbianism , the holding of a giant would-be dildo , and a portrayal of tranvestites . The film features quotes such as `` Why shave when I ca n't think of a reason for living '' and `` life is a sad business '' , quoting Greta Garbo . `` Let 's Call the Whole Thing Off '' is then played , described as a `` burlesque rendering '' of Robert Siodmak 's 1944 film Cobra Woman . The last scene captures Smith stabbing a man in the chest . Hilary Radner and Moya Luckett consider the film to be a camp portrayal of Rose Hobart .

neg: The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson .   The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements .   Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson .   The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . ''   Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . ''   The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .

neg: Carl Paladino Carl Pasquale Paladino ( born August 24 , 1946 ) is an American businessman and political activist . Paladino is the founder and chairman of Ellicott Development Co. , a real estate development company he founded in 1973 .   Paladino ran for Governor of New York in the 2010 election . He pulled off an upset by winning the Republican primary over Rick Lazio , but lost in a landslide to Democrat Andrew Cuomo in the general election , 63 % to 33 % . Paladino 's candidacy was supported by the Tea Party movement and by support in his native Western New York ; his campaign platform emphasized fiscal reform and improvement of the state 's educational system .   Paladino was elected to the South Buffalo seat on the school board of Buffalo Public Schools in 2013 , and reelected in 2016 . In December 2016 his remarks about President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama were called `` unambiguously racist , morally repugnant , flagrantly disrespectful , inflammatory and inexcusable '' by the school board in a resolution demanding his resignation .

neg: 1975 Mr. Olympia The 1975 Mr. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition held November 4 -- 11 , 1975 in Pretoria , South Africa . It was the 11th Mr. Olympia competition and the feature event of the 1975 IFBB International Congress .   The event was filmed for the 1977 docudrama Pumping Iron which featured the rivalry between competitors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lou Ferrigno as they trained for the contest . Although not released until two years after the event , the success of the film made Arnold Schwarzenegger an international celebrity , contributed to his success as Hollywood actor , and helped establish bodybuilding as a professional sport .


query: Me Before You has scenes set at Pembroke Castle in Wales and Chenies Manor House in England.

pos: Me Before You (film) Me Before You is a 2016 British-American romantic drama film directed by Thea Sharrock as her directorial debut and adapted by English author Jojo Moyes from her 2012 novel of the same name . The film stars Emilia Clarke , Sam Claflin , Steve Peacocke , Jenna Coleman , Charles Dance , Matthew Lewis , Janet McTeer , Vanessa Kirby and Joanna Lumley .   Set in the UK , the film is shot in various historic locations around the country , including Pembroke Castle in Wales , and Chenies Manor House in Buckinghamshire , England . The film was released on June 3 , 2016 , in the US , received mixed reviews on Metacritic and grossed $ 207 million worldwide .

neg: John Castle John Castle ( born 14 January 1940 ) is an English actor . Castle has acted in theatre , film and television . He is known for his role as Agrippa Postumus in the BBC television adaptation of I , Claudius ( 1976 ) and for playing Geoffrey II , Duke of Brittany , in the film The Lion in Winter ( 1968 ) . He also played Dr Carrasco as well as the prisoner called `` The Duke '' in the film Man of La Mancha ( 1972 ) , and the villainous Paul McDagget in RoboCop 3 ( 1993 ) .

neg: Bredwardine Castle Bredwardine Castle was sited in the village of Bredwardine in Herefordshire , England beside the River Wye .

neg: Ascott, Buckinghamshire Ascott is a hamlet and country house in the parish of Wing , Buckinghamshire , England . The hamlet lies completely within the boundary of the Ascott Estate ; it is home to many of the estate and house staff .   Prior to the Norman Conquest there was an abbey at Ascott , that had been given by a royal to a Benedictine convent in Angiers . In 1415 however , the same year as the Battle of Agincourt , the convent was seized by the English church because it belonged to the French and awarded to the Convent of St Mary du Pre , near St Albans .   In the early 16th century the abbey ( along with the manor of Wing ) was seized by the Crown and given to Cardinal Wolsey , however not long after it was seized once again in the Dissolution of the Monasteries and given to Lord Dormer . It was in 1554 that Dormer entertained Princess Elizabeth at the house , when she was on the road to London under arrest as a Protestant because her sister Mary had just taken the throne .   The former abbey , now a house , itself once featured additions that were attributed to Inigo Jones . The house fell into decay following the death without heir of its owner the Earl of Caernarvon in 1709 . In 1727 the house and estate were broken up , the deer sold and all the timber cut down and sold off . In the late 19th century members of the Rothschild banking family began to acquire estates in the area , including Ascott . In 1873 a farm house in the parish known as Ascott Hall was bought by Baron Mayer de Rothschild he gave it to his nephew Leopold de Rothschild who employed the architect George Devey to enlarge the property into a substantial country house . Today this is the National Trust property known as Ascott House or sometimes known more simply as just `` Ascott '' .

neg: Dani's Castle Dani 's Castle , ( informally titled Rich Jimmy & Kait 's Castle in Series 3 ) , is a British children 's comedy-drama broadcast on the CBBC Channel . Dani inherits a castle in Northern Ireland from her deceased aunt and gets more than she expected . She meets three residents , an unknown cousin , and two people who died 250 years ago . It is the spin-off series to Dani 's House . Series 1 began airing on 17 January 2013 on the CBBC Channel , and 1 April 2013 on ABC3 . Series 2 of Dani 's Castle aired from 14 November 2013 to 3 January 2014 . Series 3 aired from 7 July 2015 to 22 September 2015 , and then returned for a finale Christmas episode on 15 December 2015 . It was filmed in County Down in Northern Ireland .

neg: Swainston Manor Swainston Manor lies 1 mi to the east of Calbourne , Isle of Wight , England . Now a hotel , Swainston Manor was originally a manor house on a site dating back to 735 CE . Eight hundred years ago it became the location of a palace built by the Bishops of Winchester . It has a 12th-century chapel on its 32 acre . Most of the present building was constructed in the 18th century , but an attached hall dates from the 13th century . Warwick the Kingmaker reportedly dined at Swainston Manor . It is a Grade II * listed building .   Swainston is derived from its original name , `` Sweyn 's Town '' . It was founded by king Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark , whose son was King Canute .   The parish of Calbourne was at one time dependent on Swainston Manor .   The house was severely damaged by incendiary bombs during World War II . The church on the site however was untouched .   The poet Alfred Lord Tennyson also visited Swainston a few times . It is claimed that he wrote `` Maud '' on its grounds . He also wrote `` In the Garden at Swainston '' after the death of his friend and Swainston 's owner , Sir John Simeon .   -LSB- See the attached photos from Sir John Simeon Barrington 's personal nurse - Sir John relayed this information to her personally , complete with location where he wrote `` Maud '' . My mother , in early stages of dementia , tracked down an heir of Sir John Simeon in Canada somewhere and mailed the original photos to Canada . We only have a photocopy of the original photographs with my mother 's transcriptions of the annotations on the back of each photograph . These photos of the gardens at Swainston were taken approximately 15 years after Lord Tennyson 's death . -RSB-   Swainston also features , as `` Swaynestone '' , in Maxwell Gray 's 1886 novel The Silence of Dean Maitland .   Swainstone was one of the locations for King James 1st public school during the 1960s . Other locations for the school included Newport and Cowes .

neg: Abbey Cwmhir Hall Abbey-Cwm-Hir Hall is a neo-Elizabethan country house in the Welsh county of Powys .

neg: The Dragon's Call `` The Dragon 's Call '' is the first episode of the first series of the British fantasy-adventure family television series Merlin . Written by Julian Jones and directed by James Hawes , the episode was first broadcast on BBC One on 20 September 2008 .   The episode tells the arrival of Merlin ( Colin Morgan ) as a young man in Camelot , where magic is banned by King Uther Pendragon ( Anthony Head ) . Taken under the wing of Camelot 's physician , Gaius ( Richard Wilson ) , he is warned that he must keep his innate magical ability a secret . In Camelot , he meets Uther 's heir , the arrogant Prince Arthur ( Bradley James ) , as well as Lady Morgana ( Katie McGrath ) and her handmaid , Guinevere ( Angel Coulby ) . As a witch ( Eve Myles ) plans revenge on the King 's heir for the execution of her son , Merlin is informed by a cryptic dragon ( John Hurt ) that his destiny is to protect Arthur .   Merlin was conceived by Julian Murphy and Johnny Capps to be an origin story for the characters of the Arthurian legends , with family-centered entertainment . Young actors with little experience were cast as the four lead characters , while better-known actors were cast in supporting roles . Many of the scenes in Camelot were filmed in France , at the Château de Pierrefonds , while the rest was filmed in England and Wales . Special effects were done by The Mill , who had the task of creating the talking dragon . `` The Dragon 's Call '' was watched by 7.15 million viewers in the UK and 6.3 million in the US on NBC . Critical reception was mixed , with some feeling the show had promise but lacked imagination , and the actual plot of `` The Dragon 's Call '' was deemed slight .

neg: Maelienydd Maelienydd , sometimes spelt Maeliennydd , was a cantref and lordship in east central Wales covering the area from the River Teme to Radnor Forest and the area around Llandrindod Wells . The area , which is mainly upland , is now in Powys . During the Middle Ages it was part of the region known as Rhwng Gwy a Hafren , or `` Between the Wye and the Severn '' .   Originally an independent kingdom , Maelienydd became an area of great strategic importance after the Norman conquest of England , due to its position . It appears to have come under Norman control before 1093 , but during the 12th century became a battleground between the Welsh Princes of the area , notably Cadwallon ap Madog ap Idnerth ab Elystan Glodrydd , and the Mortimer family . In 1179 Prince Cadwallon was killed by the retainers of Roger Mortimer when he was returning from the court of king Henry II of England . Mortimer was imprisoned by the king for this and Maelienydd was inherited by Cadwallon 's son , Maelgwn ap Cadwallon , not to be confused in any way with Maelgwn Gwynedd , who lived centuries before . On Roger Mortimer 's release from prison he seized much of the lordship , though Maelgwn was later able to recover it with the help of Rhys ap Gruffydd of Deheubarth . In March 1188 , Gerald of Wales records the visit to Maelgwn 's castle of Crug Eryr , during Gerald 's journey through Wales with the Archbishop of Canterbury , who was raising an army for the crusades ; Maelgwn ` took the cross ' just as his cousin Einion o ' r Porth , Prince of Elfael had done at Radnor Castle just a few days earlier , along with Einion 's father in law , Rhys ap Gruffudd ( `` The Lord Rhys '' ) , Prince of Deheubarth . After Rhys ' death the Mortimers again took possession .   The struggle for the rule of Maelienydd continued during the 13th century , involving the kings of England and Llywelyn the Great and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Gwynedd . A number of castles were built here , notably Cefnllys Castle and Cymaron Castle . One of the main versions of Welsh law , the Cyfnerth Redaction , is thought to originate from Maelienydd when it was in the sphere of influence of Rhys ap Gruffudd in the second half of the 12th century .   Maelienydd was one of the cantrefs brought together to form Radnorshire . The name survives for the general area .

neg: Wales House Wales House may refer to :   in Belgium  Wales House ( Brussels ) , the National Assembly of Wales ' office in Belgium   in the United States  Mary Anne Wales House , Dublin , New Hampshire , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP )  Wales House ( Hyde Park , New York ) , NRHP-listed  Wales ( Petersburg , Virginia ) , a historic house and plantation , NRHP-listed  North Wales ( Warrenton , Virginia ) , a historic house and plantation , NRHP-listed

neg: Morton Manor Morton Manor ( also La Morton or Mourton in the 13th century ) is a manor house originating in the 13th century , in Brading , Isle of Wight , England . It is located 1 mi southwest of Sandown Road . The 14th century fairly small house was modified in the 19th century . Constructed of varied materials , it was refurbished and extended in the early 20th century in an Arts and Crafts style . A Tudor fireplace is in the dining room , with William De Morgan green glazed tiles . The manor includes a small museum of rural life .   In 1998 , a plaque was unveiled to commemorate the wartime service of members of the Women 's Royal Naval Service . Morton Manor is a Grade II Listed building .

neg: Picton Castle Picton Castle ( Castell Pictwn ) is a medieval castle near Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire , Wales . Originally built at the end of the 13th century by a Flemish knight , it later came into the hands of Sir John Wogan , and is till this day inhabited by his descendants , the Philipps family ( see Baron Milford and Viscount St Davids ) . It is of unusual construction and has been remodelled several times during its history . It is a Grade I listed building .

neg: Nether Winchendon House Nether Winchendon House a manor house in Nether Winchendon , in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire , England .

neg: Hookend Recording Studios Hook End Recording Studios is a recording studio located in Hook End Manor , near Checkendon , Oxfordshire , England . Marillion 's Steve Hogarth has called it `` probably England 's most luxurious recording studio '' .

neg: Hendy Hendy ( Welsh : Yr Hendy , originally a farm name meaning `` the old house '' cognate with ` hendre ' the main home . ) is a village in the community of Llanedi , Carmarthenshire , Wales , situated on the border between Carmarthenshire and Swansea . It lies on the Afon Gwili just across the River Loughor from the town of Pontarddulais and , together with Fforest to its north , forms part of a continuous built up area centred on Pontarddulais . Most of the village sits between the M4 Motorway junction 48 and the A48 road ( Fforest Road ) north of the motorway .

neg: Stokesay Castle Stokesay Castle is a fortified manor house in Stokesay , Shropshire , England . It was built in the late 13th century by Laurence of Ludlow , then the leading wool merchant in England , who intended it to form a secure private house and generate income as a commercial estate . Laurence 's descendants continued to own the castle until the 16th century , when it passed through various private owners . By the time of the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1641 , Stokesay was owned by William Craven , the first Earl of Craven and a supporter of King Charles I . After the Royalist war effort collapsed in 1645 , Parliamentary forces besieged the castle in June and quickly forced its garrison to surrender . Parliament ordered the property to be slighted , but only minor damage was done to the walls , allowing Stokesay to continue to be used as a house by the Baldwyn family until the end of the 17th century .   In the 18th century the Baldwyns rented the castle out for a range of agricultural and manufacturing purposes . It fell into disrepair , and the antiquarian John Britton noted during his visit in 1813 that it had been `` abandoned to neglect , and rapidly advancing to ruin '' . Restoration work was carried out in the 1830s and 1850s by William Craven , the second Earl of Craven . In 1869 the Craven estate , now heavily in debt , was sold to the wealthy industrialist John Derby Allcroft who paid for another round of extensive restoration during the 1870s . Both of these owners attempted to limit any alterations to the existing buildings during their conservation work , which was unusual for this period . The castle became a popular location for tourists and artists , and was formally opened to paying visitors in 1908 .   Allcroft 's descendants fell into financial difficulties during the early 20th century , however , and it became increasingly difficult for them to cover the costs of maintaining Stokesay . In 1986 Jewell Magnus-Allcroft finally agreed to place Stokesay Castle into the guardianship of English Heritage , and the castle was left to the organisation on her death in 1992 . English Heritage carried out extensive restoration of the castle in the late 1980s . In the 21st century , Stokesay Castle continues to be operated as a tourist attraction , receiving 39,218 visitors in 2010 .   Architecturally , Stokesay Castle is `` one of the best-preserved medieval fortified manor houses in England '' , according to historian Henry Summerson . The castle comprises a walled , moated enclosure , with an entrance way through a 17th-century timber and plaster gatehouse . Inside , the courtyard faces a stone hall and solar block , protected by two stone towers . The hall features a 13th-century wooden-beamed ceiling , and 17th-century carved figures ornament the gatehouse and the solar . The castle was never intended to be a serious military fortification , but its style was intended to echo the much larger castles being built by Edward I in North Wales . Originally designed as a prestigious , secure , comfortable home , the castle has changed very little since the 13th century , and is a rare , surviving example of a near complete set of medieval buildings . English Heritage has minimised the amount of interpretative material displayed at the property and kept the castle largely unfurnished .

neg: Southampton Castle Southampton Castle was located in the town of Southampton in Hampshire , England . Constructed after the Norman conquest of England , it was located in the north-west corner of the town overlooking the River Test , initially as a wooden motte and bailey design . By the late 12th century the royal castle had been largely converted to stone , playing an important part in the wine trade conducted through the Southampton docks . By the end of the 13th century the castle was in decline , but the threat of French raids in the 1370s led Richard II to undertake extensive rebuilding . The result was a powerfully defended castle , one of the first in England to be equipped with cannon . The castle declined again in the 16th century and was sold off to property speculators in 1618 . After being used for various purposes , including the construction of a Gothic mansion in the early 19th century , the site was flattened and largely redeveloped . Only a few elements of the castle still remain visible in Southampton .

neg: Brinsop Court Brinsop Court is a romantic Grade I listed English country manor house located in the village of Brinsop , Herefordshire , England . Dating back to the early fourteenth century , Brinsop Court is filled with excellent period features including large fireplaces , ornate ceilings and wooden panelling . The house , with medieval foundations is surrounded by lawns , encircled by a moat and nestled within a private 800 acre estate . With a long history and Royal connections , this house has been occupied by a succession of noble families and celebrities . After an extensive refurbishment , Brinsop Court is now primarily an exclusive wedding venue available for weekday or weekend celebrations and is owned by a local Herefordshire family .

neg: Upton Castle Upton Castle is a 13th-century castle or fortified manor house with an associated chapel , located near Cosheston , Pembrokeshire in Wales . Although in private ownership , the gardens are open to the public .

neg: Dingestow Court Dingestow Court , at Dingestow , Monmouthshire , Wales , is a Victorian country house with earlier origins and later additions . Newman describes it as `` one of the county 's major houses . '' The court has been designated a Grade II * listed building since 5 January 1952 .   The court has an `` unusually complicated building history . Its origins are the early sixteenth-century house of the Jones family , '' of which part of the gatehouse range survives . In the late eighteenth century , the main house was rebuilt by James Duberley and was then acquired by Samuel Bosanquet in 1801 . In the mid-nineteenth century , Sir John Bosanquet commissioned Lewis Vulliamy to extend and restore the house , followed , some twenty years later , with limited additions , although much more extensive plans , by John Prichard and John Pollard Seddon . An east wing and interior re-modelling were undertaken in the late nineteenth century and finally the kitchen wing was added in 1927 .   The varied building history of the court is reflected in its rather disjointed appearance . Vulliamy 's south front is a near copy of that of the mansion of Franks Hall , Horton Kirby , Kent . The west front includes the original sixteenth-century gatehouse . The interior is little more co-ordinated but contains some `` significant '' nineteenth century rooms .   The grounds were laid out by Edward Milner in the nineteenth century . They are a largely complete example of a nineteenth-century park .   The court remains the private home of the Bosanquets and is not open to the public , although the grounds are occasionally opened for charitable events .

neg: Cliveden Cliveden House ( pronounced -LSB- ˈklɪvdən -RSB- ) is an Italianate mansion and estate in Buckinghamshire , on the border with Berkshire . It crowns an outlying ridge of the Chiltern Hills by the hilltop village of Taplow , just 2 mi from the riverside town of Maidenhead . Set on banks 40 m above the River Thames , its grounds slope down to the river . The site has been home to an earl , three countesses , two dukes , a Prince of Wales and the Viscounts Astor .   As home of Nancy Astor , the house was the meeting place of the Cliveden set of the 1920s and 1930s -- a group of political intellectuals . Later , during the 1960s , it became the setting for key events of the notorious Profumo Affair . During the 1970s , it was occupied by Stanford University , which used it as an overseas campus . Today owned by the National Trust , the house is leased as a five-star hotel run by London & Regional Properties .   Cliveden means `` valley among cliffs '' and refers to the dene ( valley ) which cuts through part of the estate , east of the house . Cliveden has been spelled differently over the centuries , some of the variations being Cliffden , Clifden , Cliefden and Clyveden . The 375 acre gardens and woodlands are open to the public , together with parts of the house on certain days . There have been three houses on this site : the first , built in 1666 , burned down in 1795 and the second house ( 1824 ) was also destroyed by fire , in 1849 . The present Grade I listed house was built in 1851 by the architect Charles Barry for George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower , 2nd Duke of Sutherland .