query: Daniel Craig has been surpassed by Roger Moore in playing Bond.

pos: Daniel Craig Daniel Wroughton Craig ( born 2 March 1968 ) is an English actor . He trained at the National Youth Theatre and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1991 , before beginning his career on stage . His film debut was in the drama The Power of One ( 1992 ) . Other early appearances were in the Disney family film A Kid in King Arthur 's Court ( 1995 ) and the biographical film Elizabeth ( 1998 ) , as well as in the historical war drama television series Sharpe 's Eagle ( 1993 ) and the action-adventure drama series Zorro . Cast as the fictional British secret agent James Bond in October 2005 , his first film in the role , Casino Royale , was released internationally in November 2006 .   Craig 's appearances in the British television film Love Is the Devil : Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon ( 1998 ) , the indie war film The Trench ( 1999 ) , and the drama Some Voices ( 2000 ) attracted the film industry 's attention . This led to roles in bigger productions such as the action film Lara Croft : Tomb Raider ( 2001 ) , the crime thriller Road to Perdition ( 2002 ) , the crime thriller Layer Cake ( 2004 ) , and the Steven Spielberg historical drama Munich ( 2005 ) . Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the sixth actor to play the role of Ian Fleming 's James Bond in the official film series , taking over from Pierce Brosnan in 2005 . Although his casting was initially greeted with scepticism , his debut was highly acclaimed and earned him a BAFTA award nomination , with Casino Royale becoming the highest-grossing in the series at the time . Quantum of Solace followed two years later .   Craig 's third Bond film , Skyfall , premiered in 2012 and is currently the highest-grossing film in the series , was the highest-grossing film in the UK until 2015 and the fifteenth highest-grossing film of all time . Craig 's fourth Bond film , Spectre , premiered in 2015 . In 2006 , he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Since taking the role of Bond , he has continued to star in other films , including the World War II film Defiance ( 2008 ) , science fiction Western Cowboys & Aliens ( 2010 ) , and the English-language adaptation of Stieg Larsson 's mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . Craig also made a guest appearance as Bond in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games , alongside Queen Elizabeth II . As of 20 February 2017 , Craig is the second longest serving James Bond , surpassed only by Roger Moore .

neg: For Your Eyes Only (soundtrack) For Your Eyes Only is the soundtrack for the 12th James Bond film of the same name .   The theme song was written by Bill Conti ( music ) and Michael Leeson ( lyrics ) , and performed by Sheena Easton . The song was later nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe in 1982 . Easton also made Bond film history as the first ( and , to date , only ) artist to perform the theme song on-screen during the opening title sequence .   Originally , the band Blondie was approached to write and perform the theme song for the film . They produced a song also called For Your Eyes Only that they turned in to the producers , however , this was rejected because the company wanted the Conti song and the band refused , and subsequently asked Easton to record an entirely new theme . Blondie eventually released their song on the 1982 album The Hunter . The track Make It Last All Night , performed by Rage and used for the scene at hitman Gonzales ' Spanish poolside , is notable for lyrics more suggestive than in almost any other Bond film .   The soundtrack was composed by Bill Conti , since the series ' regular composer , John Barry , was unable to work in the UK for tax reasons ( he , like many high earning Britons , had become a tax exile in the 1970s ) . Barry had recommended Conti as a possible alternative . Conti 's score is notable for its use of disco elements ( which prompted Danny Biederman to write in the liner notes to the two-CD releaseThe Best of James Bond : 30th Anniversary Limited Edition , `` Conti 's largely disco-styled score feels more like a celebration of the music of the moment than a score of durability '' ) . During the main ski chase sequence ( the track Runaway ) , Conti showed that he had versed himself in the previous Bond films ' music , as his manages to evoke memories of the music from previous ski action in both OHMSS and The Spy Who Loved Me . This , Conti 's only contribution to the series to date , was released as an album concurrent with the film 's release and later on a bootleg compact disc in combination with John Barry 's music from Octopussy . When the soundtrack was officially released on CD in the year 2000 , six bonus tracks were added that further showed Conti 's versatile approach to the film , aiding the production in its return to a tougher , more realistic James Bond . Not released but also heard in the film is a brief homage to John Williams ' familiar theme from Jaws , when an unseen underwater horror ( it is revealed to be an attacker in a J.I.M. diving suit ) approaches within the sunken ship . This was the third Bond film in a row to wittily include familiar music from a classic film . Additionally , notes from the title song to The Spy Who Loved Me , `` Nobody Does It Better '' , can be heard as the tones of a key code for a security door early in the film .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Colonel March of Scotland Yard Colonel March of Scotland Yard is a 1950s British television series based on author John Dickson Carr 's ( aka Carter Dickson ) fictional detective Colonel March from his book The Department of Queer Complaints ( 1940 ) . Carr was a mystery author who specialised in locked-room whodunnits and other ` impossible ' crimes : murder mysteries that seemed to defy possibility . The stories of the television series followed in the same vein with Detective March solving cases that baffle Scotland Yard and the British police . The department itself is sometimes referred to as `` D3 '' . Boris Karloff starred as Colonel March .   The series was made at Southall Studios in Middlesex , England ( and , later , Nettlefold Studios in Walton-on-Thames , England ) was produced by Fountain Films for ITV . Karloff and his wife Evelyn sailed to England in July , 1952 , where Karloff filmed 3 different pilot episodes to show TV executives . While awaiting a decision to go ahead with more episodes , the three pilots were combined into a 1953 feature film called Colonel March Investigates . In 1953 , Karloff returned to England to film 23 more episodes , making a total of 26 , then returned to Hollywood to film Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ( 1953 ) .   The Colonel March series premiered in 1956 with a total of 26 episodes . ( It was broadcast from Feb. 1 , 1956 through April 1 , 1957 , which included a number of rerun episodes . ) It began running in the United States in February , seven months before British viewers got to see it .   The show starred Boris Karloff as the urbane , tweed wearing , eye-patched sleuth . No reason was ever given for the loss of his left eye . ( In some close-ups , it is evident that Karloff sometimes wore an eyepatch with a dark gauze area in the centre , presumably to allow him to still see through it . ) Other regular actors included Ewan Roberts as Inspector Ames of Scotland Yard and Eric Pohlmann as Inspector Goron of the Paris Sûreté . ( In the episode The Second Mona Lisa , Pohlmann played a Middle Eastern character called The Emir . ) Roberts ' Scottish accent grows stronger as the series progresses from plummy English in the first dozen episodes to full on Scottish burr for the second dozen .   Only twelve episodes of the series still exist as prints in the original 35 mm format , with the rest surviving at 16 mm prints .   Although he is referred to on numerous websites including IMDb as Perceval March , the name on his office door clearly states `` D3 Colonel A. L. March '' . In the episode The Silver Curtain , March tells a doctor that his first names are `` Perceval Clovis Adlebare '' although he is stalling to gain information from the doctor . He then says his occupation is the study of unusual crime , which is true , so that could also be admitting his real name . This may explain why in a later episode , Hot Money , the sign on the door was changed to read `` D. 3 . COL. MARCH '' .   The opening title sequence showed Colonel March taking off his coat in his office and writing the title of each episode in a book . This then dissolves to an image of an object from within the following story , what Alfred Hitchcock would call a MacGuffin , a fairly unimportant plot device that starts the story rolling and/or keeps it moving along . Often it 's a murder weapon or an item of clothing . Sometimes its relevance is a mystery until it is revealed later in the episode . Other episodes , such as in The Headless Hat , show the item that the episode is named after .   The episodes The Talking Head uses the complete version of the original theme tune during the end credits . It was usually truncated and faded up whilst some way through . The show 's slightly mysterious and threatening theme tune was changed for the episodes Error at Daybreak and The Silver Curtain to a piece of jaunty , faster paced music that had originally been used in previous episodes to accompany shots of a busy city .   Other guest actors in the series include Christopher Lee , Patrick Barr , Hugh Griffith , Marne Maitland ( twice ) , Joan Sims , Anthony Newley , Patricia Owens , George Coulouris , Anton Diffring , Martin Benson , Zena Marshall , Mary Parker and Robert Brown . The episode Death and the Other Monkey features a small acting part by future film director John Schlesinger as a Dutch ship 's captain . The episode Error at Daybreak features a performance from the then 10 year old actor Richard O'Sullivan who later went on to star in Robin 's Nest and several other ITV series .   As of July 2016 all 26 episodes we available for streaming on the UK Amazon Prime platform . As of September 2016 the series was being screened on UK television channels Talking Pictures TV and London Live .

neg: The Man with the Golden Gun The Man with the Golden Gun may refer to :   The Man with the Golden Gun ( novel ) , a 1965 Ian Fleming novel  The Man with the Golden Gun ( film ) , a 1974 film , starring Roger Moore as James Bond  The Man with the Golden Gun ( soundtrack ) , the soundtrack of the 1974 film  `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' ( song ) , the title song of the 1974 film , sung by Lulu  `` Man With the Golden Gun '' , an Alice Cooper song that did not make the film 's soundtrack and was instead released on 1973 's Muscle of Love album  Francisco Scaramanga , the titular villain of both the novel and the film

neg: List of accolades received by 127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British independent biographical adventure film directed by Danny Boyle . It stars James Franco in the principal role as real-life mountain climber Aron Ralston , whose hand was trapped under a boulder in a Utah ravine for more than five days in April 2003 . Adapted from Ralston 's autobiography Between a Rock and a Hard Place , 127 Hourss screenplay was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy . Distributors Fox Searchlight and Pathé gave the feature limited releases in the United States and United Kingdom on 5 November 2010 and 7 January 2011 , respectively . It grossed # 35.8 million at the box office by the end of its worldwide theatrical run . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator surveyed 215 reviews and judged 93 % to be positive .  Additionally , 127 Hours appeared on more than two dozen movie reviewers ' Top Ten lists for the best movies of 2010 .   The film has received honors for its direction , music , cinematography and writing , as well as for the lead performance by Franco . At the 68th Golden Globe Awards ceremony , 127 Hours earned three nominations : for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , Best Original Score and Best Screenplay . The picture was nominated in nine Satellite Award categories , including direction , score , sound , original song and visual effects . It also received nine nominations from the Broadcast Film Critics Association . The 64th British Academy Film Awards nominated it for eight of their awards , including Best Director , Best Editing , Best Music and Best Sound . Additionally , 127 Hours was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film , but lost to The King 's Speech . It performed similarly at the 83rd Academy Awards , where it was nominated in six categories : Best Actor , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Film Editing , Best Original Score , Best Original Song ( for `` If I Rise '' ) and Best Picture , but lost respectively in all categories to The King 's Speech , The Social Network , and Toy Story 3 .   Franco was named Best Actor by the New York Film Critics Online and 2010 Independent Spirit Awards . He also received recognition from the Screen Actors Guild , at their 17th annual ceremony . Franco 's arm amputation scene towards the end of 127 Hours was nominated at the viewer-voted 2011 MTV Movie Awards . Boyle 's and Beaufoy 's efforts on the movie 's script earned them nominations from the Writers Guild of America and Evening Standard British Film Awards . Along with producer Christian Colson , Boyle garnered another nomination , this time from the Producers Guild of America . The Detroit Film Critics Society honored Boyle as Best Director . Suttirat Larlarb 's input on the movie 's production design earned her one nomination from the Art Directors Guild . The film 's cinematography garnered nominations at the 2010 Houston Film Critics Awards and the 2010 San Diego Film Critics Society Awards . The American Film Institute listed 127 Hours as one of the ten best movies of 2010 .

neg: Daniel Ryan (actor) Daniel Ryan ( born 1968 as Daniel O'Brien ) is an English actor and writer .   He is known for starring as Darren Alexander in the BBC drama comedy Linda Green , Andrew Gilligan in The Government Inspector , Andy Coulson in Steel River Blues and Kenny Reed in The Whistleblowers . His stage credits include Macbeth , A Midsummer Night 's Dream and Richard III .   He also appeared as a man who was severely brain-damaged after drink and driving , in part of the COI 's Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives campaign .   In 2008 he appeared in Gethsemane , a new play by David Hare at the National Theatre .   He also took over the role of Harry ( Sandy 's husband ) in the special reunion episodes of BBC sitcom As Time Goes By alongside Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer , the first actor to portray the part being David Michaels . Ryan also appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode `` Midnight '' .   In 2010 he was very well received for his performance in Posh by Laura Wade at the Royal Court Theatre in London .   As a writer , his work has been performed by the RSC and at the Edinburgh Festival .   He appeared on the Teen Drama Skins as the father of the third generation character Rich Hardbeck in 2011 and 2012 . In 2014 , he appeared in Salting the Battlefield as Bill Catcheside .   He is also known for playing the role of Dan in the Sky Living comedy-drama , Mount Pleasant since 2011 .   In 2015 he appeared as Colonel Anthony Forbes-Leith in the BBC TV series Father Brown episode 3.9 `` The Truth in the Wine '' .   He has played Welsh butcher Bryn Brindsley in the ITV war-time drama Home Fires from 2015 .

neg: Colin Firth Colin Andrew Firth , ( born 10 September 1960 ) is an English actor . His films have grossed more than $ 3 billion from 42 releases worldwide . Firth has received an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , two BAFTA Awards , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as the Volpi Cup . Firth 's most notable and acclaimed role to date has been his 2010 portrayal of King George VI in The King 's Speech , a performance that earned him an Oscar and multiple worldwide best actor awards .   Identified in the late 1980s with the `` Brit Pack '' of rising , young British actors , it was not until Firth 's portrayal of Mr. Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention . This led to roles in films such as The English Patient , Bridget Jones 's Diary ( for which Firth was nominated for a BAFTA ) , Shakespeare in Love , and Love Actually . In 2009 , Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man , for which Firth gained his first Academy Award nomination , and won a BAFTA Award . Firth starred in the action spy movie Kingsman : The Secret Service in 2014 , which was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews .   In 2011 , Firth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and was also selected as one of the Time 100 . He was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Winchester in 2007 , and was made a Freeman of the City of London in 2012 . He has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal peoples , and is a member of Survival International . Firth has also campaigned on issues of asylum seekers , refugees ' rights , and the environment . He commissioned and is credited as a co-author on a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock filmography Alfred Hitchcock ( 1899 -- 1980 ) was an English director and filmmaker . Popularly known as the `` Master of Suspense '' for his use of innovative film techniques in thrillers , Hitchcock started his career in the British film industry as a title designer and art director for a number of silent films during the early 1920s . His directorial debut was the 1925 release The Pleasure Garden . Hitchcock followed this with The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog , his first commercial and critical success . It featured many of the thematic elements his films would be known for such as an innocent man on the run . It also featured the first of his famous cameo appearances . Two years later he directed Blackmail ( 1929 ) which was his first sound film . In 1935 Hitchcock directed The 39 Steps . Three years later he directed The Lady Vanishes starring Margaret Lockwood , and Michael Redgrave .   In 1940 Hitchcock transitioned to Hollywood productions , the first of which was the psychological thriller Rebecca starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine . He received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director , and the film won Best Picture . Hitchcock worked with Fontaine again the following year on the film Suspicion which also starred Cary Grant . In 1943 Hitchcock directed another psychological thriller Shadow of a Doubt which starred Teresa Wright and Joseph Cotten . Three years later he reunited with Grant on Notorious which also starred Ingrid Bergman . The film included a three minute intermittent kissing scene between the leads shot specifically to skirt the Motion Picture Production Code which at the time limited such scenes to three seconds . In 1948 Hitchcock directed Rope which starred James Stewart . The film was his first in Technicolor and is remembered for its use of long takes to make the film appear to be a single continuous shot . Three years later he directed Strangers on a Train ( 1951 ) .   Hitchcock collaborated with Grace Kelly on three films : Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) , Rear Window ( 1954 ) and To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) . For Rear Window , Hitchcock received a nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . 1955 marked his debut on television as the host of the anthology television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents which he also produced . In 1958 Hitchcock directed the psychological thriller Vertigo starring Stewart and Kim Novak . The film topped the 2012 poll of the British film magazine Sight & Sound of the 50 Greatest Films of All Time and also topped the American Film Institute 's Top Ten in the mystery genre . He followed this with the spy thriller North by Northwest ( 1959 ) which starred Grant and Eva Marie Saint . In 1960 he directed Psycho , the biggest commercial success of his career and for which he received his fifth nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . Three years later he directed horror film The Birds starring Tippi Hedren . The following year he reunited with Hedren on the film Marnie which also starred Sean Connery .   In recognition of his career , Hitchcock garnered the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) Fellowship Award , the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award , the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award , the Directors Guild of America 's Lifetime Achievement Award and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award . He received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame to acknowledge his film and television achievements . In 1980 Hitchcock received a knighthood .

neg: 007 Legends 007 Legends is a first-person shooter video game featuring the character of British secret agent James Bond . It was developed by Eurocom and released by Activision in October 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , November 2012 for Microsoft Windows and December 2012 for Wii U . The game is available as physical optical disc media , as well as a digital release download via PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on date of release . It was removed off all other digital stores without warning .   The PAL Wii U version of the game was released in some parts of Europe on 6 December 2012 , and in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2012 . The release was cancelled in Australia .   The game was released to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the James Bond film series . To achieve this the single player campaign includes one mission from each of the six actors ' eras , being Goldfinger ( Sean Connery ) , On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( George Lazenby ) , Moonraker ( Roger Moore ) , Licence to Kill ( Timothy Dalton ) and Die Another Day ( Pierce Brosnan ) , with Skyfall ( Daniel Craig ) released as downloadable content for the Xbox 360 , PS3 and PC and included on disc for the Wii U version . Additionally , some of the original talent from the films add their likenesses and voices to their associated characters . 007 Legends is the fourth James Bond game title to be released by Activision , as well as the last game Eurocom developed before the company ceased operations .

neg: James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny .   The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time .   The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .

neg: Moore's law Moore 's law ( -LSB- mɔərz.ˈlɔː -RSB- ) is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years . The observation is named after Gordon Moore , the co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel , whose 1965 paper described a doubling every year in the number of components per integrated circuit , and projected this rate of growth would continue for at least another decade . In 1975 , looking forward to the next decade , he revised the forecast to doubling every two years . The period is often quoted as 18 months because of Intel executive David House , who predicted that chip performance would double every 18 months ( being a combination of the effect of more transistors and the transistors being faster ) .   Moore 's prediction proved accurate for several decades , and has been used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development .  Advancements in digital electronics are strongly linked to Moore 's law : quality-adjusted microprocessor prices , memory capacity , sensors and even the number and size of pixels in digital cameras . Digital electronics has contributed to world economic growth in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries .  Moore 's law describes a driving force of technological and social change , productivity , and economic growth .   Moore 's law is an observation or projection and not a physical or natural law . Although the rate held steady from 1975 until around 2012 , the rate was faster during the first decade . In general , it is not logically sound to extrapolate from the historical growth rate into the indefinite future . For example , the 2010 update to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors , predicted that growth would slow around 2013 , and in 2015 Gordon Moore foresaw that the rate of progress would reach saturation : `` I see Moore 's law dying here in the next decade or so . ''   Intel stated in 2015 that the pace of advancement has slowed , starting at the 22 nm feature width around 2012 , and continuing at 14 nm . Brian Krzanich , CEO of Intel , announced that `` our cadence today is closer to two and a half years than two . '' This is scheduled to hold through the 10 nm width in late 2017 . He cited Moore 's 1975 revision as a precedent for the current deceleration , which results from technical challenges and is `` a natural part of the history of Moore 's law . ''   However , in April 2016 , Intel CEO Brian Krzanich stated that `` In my 34 years in the semiconductor industry , I have witnessed the advertised death of Moore 's Law no less than four times . As we progress from 14 nanometer technology to 10 nanometer and plan for 7 nanometer and 5 nanometer and even beyond , our plans are proof that Moore 's Law is alive and well '' . In January 2017 , he declared that `` I 've heard the death of Moore 's law more times than anything else in my career , '' Krzanich said . `` And I 'm here today to really show you and tell you that Moore 's Law is alive and well and flourishing . ''   Today hardware has to be designed in a multi-core manner to keep up with Moore 's law . In turn , this also means that software has to be written in a multi-threaded manner to take full advantage of the hardware .

neg: Ralph Richardson, roles and awards Sir Ralph Richardson ( 1902 -- 1983 ) was an English actor who appeared on radio , film , television and stage . Described by The Guardian as `` indisputably our most poetic actor '' , and by the director David Ayliff as `` a natural actor ... -LSB- who -RSB- could n't stop being a perfect actor '' , Richardson 's career lasted over 50 years . He was -- in the words of his biographer , Sheridan Morley -- one `` of the three great actor knights of the mid-twentieth century '' , alongside Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud .   After seeing a production of Hamlet starring Sir Frank Benson , Richardson decided to become an actor and made his stage debut , playing a gendarme in The Bishop 's Candlesticks in December 1920 . After touring and appearing in rep , he made his London debut in July 1926 as the stranger in Oedipus at Colonus . In 1930 he joined the Old Vic where he first met Gielgud , staying with the company until the following year . After service during the Second World War with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve , he returned to acting , preferring the works of the more modern authors Luigi Pirandello , Joe Orton , Harold Pinter , George Bernard Shaw and J. B. Priestley to the classic plays of Shakespeare . A radio career ran in parallel to that on the stage , and Richardson was first broadcast in The City in 1929 .   Richardson 's film career began in 1931 as an uncredited extra in Dreyfus ; he did not take film seriously as a medium , but undertook the work for money . His career in film was described by the film historian Brian McFarlane , writing for the British Film Institute , as `` prolific and random '' ; McFarlane considered that in Richardson 's performances , `` he would remind one that he had few peers and no superiors in his particular line '' . Richardson won many awards for his performances on stage and screen before his death , including a BAFTA award for The Sound Barrier ; an Evening Standard Award for Home , which he shared with John Gielgud ; and a special Laurence Olivier Award . His final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes -- for which he received further critical plaudits and award nominations -- was released after his death .

neg: Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need .   The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture .   Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .

neg: Michael Fassbender filmography Michael Fassbender is a German-Irish actor who made his screen debut in the 2001 war drama miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Burton `` Pat '' Christenson . Fassbender followed this with a number of television roles including a German motorcycle courier in the drama Hearts and Bones ( 2001 ) , Guy Fawkes in the miniseries Gunpowder , Treason & Plot ( 2004 ) , Lt. Harry Colebourn in the film A Bear Named Winnie ( 2004 ) , and Azazeal in the series Hex ( 2004 -- 05 ) . He made his film debut playing a Spartan soldier in Zack Snyder 's 300 ( 2007 ) . The following year Fassbender portrayed Irish republican Bobby Sands during the events of the 1981 Irish hunger strike in Steve McQueen 's historical drama Hunger . His performance garnered him the Best Actor award at the British Independent Film Awards , and the Irish Film and Television Awards .   Fassbender appeared as a British soldier in Quentin Tarantino-directed film Inglourious Basterds ( 2009 ) . Two years later , he played Carl Jung in David Cronenberg 's A Dangerous Method , and a man suffering with sex addiction in McQueen 's Shame . His performance in the latter earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year he also appeared in superhero film X-Men : First Class as Magneto . In 2013 , Fassbender reteamed with McQueen on the period drama 12 Years a Slave . For his role as a slave owner in the film he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . The following year , he reprised his role as Magneto in the superhero sequel X-Men : Days of Future Past which grossed a box-office total of over $ 747 million -- his highest grossing release as of April 2016 . In 2015 , he appeared as the title character in Justin Kurzel 's film adaptation of the play Macbeth . In the same year , Fassbender 's portrayal of Steve Jobs in Danny Boyle 's eponymous film garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor .

neg: Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes .   In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run .   Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )

neg: Stuart Craig Norman Stuart Craig ( born 14 April 1942 ) is a noted British production designer .   He has also designed the sets , together with his frequent collaborator set decorator , the late Stephenie McMillan , on all of the Harry Potter films to date . At Potter author J. K. Rowling 's request , he worked with Universal Creative team to design the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal 's Islands of Adventure theme park . Rowling said in a December 2007 interview on the Potter podcast PotterCast , `` The key thing for me was that , if there was to be a theme park , that Stuart Craig ... would be involved . ... More than involved , that he would pretty much design it . Because I love the look of the films ; they really mirror what 's been in my imagination for all these years '' .   He has been nominated for 10 Academy Awards , and has won three : in 1982 for Gandhi , in 1988 for Dangerous Liaisons , and in 1996 for The English Patient . He has been nominated for a BAFTA award fourteen times , including for first six and last Potter film , and has won twice : in 1980 for The Elephant Man and in 2005 for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire .   Stuart Craig has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for consecutive six films in a row , viz . for consecutive first six Harry Potter films .   For his work on The English Patient , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix , Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince , and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 and Part 2 , Craig was nominated for an Art Directors Guild award and won the same for The English Patient and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 . The Guild has also honored Craig with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the awards ceremony on 16 February 2008 .

neg: Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III .   The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .

neg: Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt .   The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .

neg: Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .


query: Drama school offers Bachelor of Design.

pos: Drama school A drama school , stage school or theatre school is an undergraduate and/or graduate school or department at a college or university ; or a free-standing institution ( such as the Drama section at the Juilliard School ) ; which specializes in the pre-professional training in drama and theatre arts , such as acting , design and technical theatre , arts administration , and related subjects . If the drama school is part of a degree-granting institution , undergraduates typically take a Bachelor of Arts , Bachelor of Fine Arts , or , occasionally , Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Design . Graduate students may take a Master of Arts , Master of Science , Master of Fine Arts , Doctor of Arts , Doctor of Fine Arts , or Doctor of Philosophy degree .

neg: Drama Studio Drama Studio may refer to :   Drama Studio London , a drama school in Ealing  Drama Studio , University of Sheffield , a studio theatre in Sheffield

neg: Scuola del Teatro Stabile di Torino The Scuola del Teatro Stabile di Torino , located in Turin , Italy , is a Performing Arts Academy which was founded in 1955 by Italian director Luca Ronconi . Teatro Stabile di Torino ( Union of the Theatres of Europe ) is recognized as one of the most prestigious Performing Arts Academies around Europe .   Since its early foundation , the Academy has distinguished itself as a national reference center for traditional theatrical heritage , experimentation and research . With the advent of arts and music reform , the Academy became part of the sector level Higher Education in Art and Music ( AFAM ) , established by Law No. 508 of 21 December 1999 .   The academic year begins in October and ends in June . The coursework is intensive , requiring motivation and commitment . It includes lessons , exercises and testing , ten hours per day , six days a week . The two main courses , directing and acting , both approach the interpretation of dramatic text using theoretical , critical , technical and artistic analysis . The prestige of the Academy has been firmly established through the participation of important figures in the dramatic arts , who contribute to lesson programs , seminars , special courses and meetings . This allows the film and theater students to make distinctions between the teaching and professional work . Academic activities are presented to the public with the production of approximately two events per year , produced with the students , supported and directed by renowned professionals , including technical staff in set , costume , and lighting design .   The Academy provides training in dramatic theater and the Italian cinema , and is structured in three stages . After completing the three-year program , students are granted a diploma equivalent to a university degree .   Category : Art schools in Italy  Category : Schools of the performing arts  Category : Schools in Turin  Category :1955 establishments in Italy

neg: Bath School of Art and Design Bath School of Art and Design is an art college in Bath , England . It forms part of the Bath Spa University whose main campus is located a few miles from the City at Newton Park , near Corston , Somerset .

neg: School of Art and Design School of Art and Design may refer to :

neg: The Art Institute of Vancouver The Art Institute of Vancouver is providing education in design , media arts , event management , fashion and culinary arts .   The original main location of The Art Institute of Vancouver used to be in Burnaby , which was founded in 1979 and originally called the Center for Digital Imaging and Sound . The International Culinary School at The Art Institute of Vancouver was founded in 1982 and originally called Dubrulle International Culinary & Hotel Institute of Canada . Since 2010 all the programs have now moved to its present location at the new Renfrew Campus .   The Art Institute of Vancouver is registered with and accredited by the Private Training Institutions Branch   The Art Institute of Vancouver is part of the LCI Education Network since February 1st , 2017 .   The Art Institute offers courses in Visual Effects , Recording Arts , Baking & Pastry Arts , Culinary Arts , Electronic Music , Event Management , Digital Film & Video , Graphic Design , Animation , Fashion Design , Game Art & Design and other art disciplines . Since 2009 The Art Institute of Vancouver offers a Bachelor 's degree in Graphic Design .

neg: Harvard Graduate School of Design The Harvard Graduate School of Design ( also known as The GSD ) is a professional graduate school at Harvard University , located at Gund Hall , Cambridge , Massachusetts . The GSD offers masters and doctoral programs in architecture , landscape architecture , urban planning , urban design , real estate , design engineering , and design studies .   The GSD has over 13,000 alumni and has graduated many famous architects , urban planners , and landscape architects . The school is considered a global academic leader in the design fields .   The GSD has the world 's oldest landscape architecture program ( founded in 1893 ) , and North America 's oldest urban planning program ( founded in 1900 ) . Architecture courses were first taught at Harvard University in 1874 . The Graduate School of Design was officially established in 1936 , combining the three fields of architecture , urban planning , and landscape architecture under one graduate school .   The market value of the school 's endowment for the fiscal year 2013 was approximately $ 396 million .

neg: Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama The Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama ( Welsh : Coleg Brenhinol Cerdd a Drama Cymru ) is a conservatoire located in Cardiff , Wales . Its alumni include Anthony Hopkins , Aneurin Barnard and Rob Brydon .

neg: Lesley University Lesley University is a private , coeducational university in Cambridge , Massachusetts . It offers education , expressive therapies , creative writing , counseling , and fine arts programs .   The university is a member of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , National Association of Schools of Art and Design , New England Collegiate Conference , and the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design .

neg: The Center for the Performing Arts and Art Building at Miami University The Center for the Performing Arts building was designed to house three major components of Fine Arts academics of Miami University : the Miami University Theater , the theater department , and the music department . Originally the programs were distributed between Fisher Hall and Hall Auditorium , and were moved to the Center for the Performing Arts after its construction .   In 1984 funds were approved for a new Art and Art Education building to form a quad with the Center for the Performing Arts , amounting to approximately 6.8 million . The governor at the time , Richard Celeste , signed these grants for the building as well as the expansion and improvement of other halls on campus , including Williams Hall , Gaskill Hall , and Robertson Hall . Originally these funds had been frozen . 3.7 million was put forth by legislation to compensate for the architectural fees , the construction , and the equipment , and the building itself is worth 3.7 million . One of only two schools in the state of Ohio to be selected , the building was given the distinction of outstanding design in the `` American School and University Magazine . ''

neg: Northwest College of Art & Design Northwest College of Art & Design ( NCAD ) is a for-profit college located in Poulsbo , Washington offering a BFA in Visual Communication , with Double Majors in Entertainment Art , Graphic Design , Illustration , Interactive Design , and Motion Design .   The private college is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges .

neg: Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design The Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design ( RMCAD ) is a for-profit art and design school in Lakewood , a suburb of Denver , Colorado , USA . The college was founded in 1963 by Philip J. Steele , an artist and teacher .   RMCAD is an institution offering campus and online undergraduate and graduate degrees , fully accredited , with majors in 3D Animation , Animation , Art Education , Commercial Photography , Fashion Design , Fine Arts , Game Art , Graphic Design , Interior Design and Illustration . Graduate degrees include a Master of Arts in Education , Leadership and Emerging Technologies and a Master of Arts in Design Strategy and Innovation .   RMCAD is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission ( HLC ) and is a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools ( NCA ) . In addition , RMCAD is also an accredited institutional member of the National Association of Schools of Art and Design . The on-campus professional Interior Design BFA program and the online BFA interior design program ( August 2016 ) are fully accredited by the Council for Interior Design Accreditation CIDA .   RMCAD 's campus contains eighteen historical buildings built in a variety of 20th-century architectural styles . The campus is the former site of the Jewish Consumptives ' Relief Society ( JCRS ) , included in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County , Colorado .   Special learning facilities include a woodshop , ceramics studio , photography lab , professional sound studio , 283-seat auditorium , 35-seat audiovisual theater , large meeting rooms , and a Library/Resource Center .

neg: School of Design School of Design may refer to :   Carnegie Mellon School of Design  The School of Design , the organization that stages the annual New Orleans parade , Rex  University of Pennsylvania School of Design  Parsons The New School for Design  Australian Academy of Design  School of Design ( Adelaide ) , a predecessor of the School of Arts at the University of South Australia  School of Design , Nanyang Polytechnic

neg: Bachelor of Letters Bachelor of Letters ( B.Litt . or Litt.B. ; Latin Baccalaureus Litterarum or Litterarum Baccalaureus ) is a second undergraduate university degree in which students specialize in an area of study relevant to their own personal , professional or academic development . This area of study may have been touched on in a prior undergraduate degree but not studied in depth , or may never have been formally taught to the student . The degree is less often awarded now than in previous centuries , and is , at the current time , only awarded by two universities in Australia .

neg: Lab School of Baltimore Baltimore Lab School ' is a private day school for bright children in grades 1-12 . Baltimore Lab School provides a unique educational opportunity for students with moderate-to-severe learning differences . Baltimore Lab School is located in Baltimore , Maryland in Goucher Hall ( one of the historic Old Goucher College Buildings ) built by renowned architect Stanford White . The school was founded in September 2000 as a division of its parent school in Washington D.C. , The Lab School of Washington . Both schools were founded and administered by Sally Smith , a nationally recognized leader in special education , until her death in 2007 .   Baltimore Lab School offers its students and the public clinical services , including speech-language therapy , occupational therapy and psychological services . Individual or small group related service sessions are offered on an outpatient basis or through pull-out or push-in services for an extra fee . All students are able to benefit from these on-site specialists through services integrated into instruction .   Baltimore Lab is a training site for interns from Temple University , Johns Hopkins University , Loyola University , Towson University , Goucher College , and Maryland Institute College of Art . These students complete an internship under the supervision of Baltimore Lab 's teaching staff . Baltimore Lab School faculty members are invited to speak at local universities and professional conferences . Baltimore Lab School strives to educate each student with a rigorous , yet non-traditional approach . In addition to core academics , visual arts , performing arts , and athletics , Baltimore Lab School fosters confidence , self-esteem , self-advocacy , and an awareness of individual learning styles and talents . Students of all ages are taught to develop their own personal `` tool kits '' of strategies , accommodations , and insight into their disability . Emphasis on each student becoming a master of his or her best self is especially emphasized in Baltimore Lab School 's high school program , where students explore their options for `` Life After Lab , '' through a community internship programs , opportunities to meet with college representatives , etc. .   Baltimore Lab School offers a low student-to-staff ratio that allows their students to have better academic support than special needs students would when enrolled in a traditional school setting .   The school also offers after-school activities and sports , such as cross country , indoor rock-climbing , tennis , track and field , basketball , and swimming , as well as many field trips to further enhance the learning experience of students . Baltimore Lab School also partners with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation to organize a multitude of outdoor learning experiences for students of all ages .   Baltimore Lab School 's 9th commencement exercises took place in June 2016 . The commencement speaker was James Piper Bond , President of Living Classrooms Foundation . Previous commencement speakers have included Fred Lazarus , who at the time was President of Maryland Institute College of Art .   In March 2014 , Baltimore Lab School began operating fully independently from Lab School of Washington . The building that houses the school was purchased from Washington Lab .

neg: Milwaukee Institute of Art & Design The Milwaukee Institute of Art & Design ( MIAD ) is a four-year , professional college of art and design , founded in 1974 . It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree in 5 majors and is considered the successor to the Layton School of Art .

neg: Bachelor of General Studies A Bachelor of General Studies ( BGS ) is an undergraduate degree offered by many colleges and universities in the Western world . The history of the general studies concept is coeval with that of the medieval European university ( where it existed under the formal Latin designation Studium generale ) .   The BGS offers students the ability to design a unique degree plan while meeting their academic institution 's general requirements . This flexibility allows students to complete a bachelor 's degree that offers an element of individualism absent in many other degrees specific to a particular discipline . A BGS holds the same value as other degrees in liberal arts or sciences and is often referred to as an `` interdisciplinary '' degree which allows students to build strong arguments based on information from a broad range of topics .   In the United States hundreds of colleges and universities offer BGS programs . Students typically can choose from concentrations in a variety of areas . Examples include the University of Michigan , Western Illinois University , the University of Connecticut , University of Miami , California University of Management and Technology ( CALMAT ) , University of Nebraska at Omaha , and Charter Oak State College which offers a BGS degree with a wide variety of concentration options . Regent University is one of few Christian universities to offer a general studies degree .   Despite its name , Columbia University School of General Studies does not offer a Bachelor of General Studies . It does , however , offer more than 70 majors and concentrations , and graduates receive a Bachelor of Arts degree .

neg: Bachelor of Liberal Studies The purpose of the Bachelor of Liberal Studies degree is to provide students with a solid multidisciplinary preparation in the Humanities , Natural Sciences , Social Sciences and the Arts , subsequently allowing them to pursue careers in education , business , government , and other such fields . The goal of a liberal studies major is to train students to communicate effectively , both orally and in writing , to develop skills in critical thinking and problem solving , and to imbue critical thinking with ethical thought . Liberal studies provides students with opportunities for an extensive study of the liberal arts and sciences and for a broad understanding of various academic fields of interest .   A student who seeks to be awarded a degree such as B.A. in Liberal Studies generally undertakes a variety of subjects , including : literature and language studies , mathematics , visual and performing arts , physical education , history and social sciences , science , and human development . According to the American Academy for Liberal Education , core curriculum can include `` interdisciplinary programs in the arts and sciences , programs of study in the histories and heritages of Western and non-Western civilizations , global and trans-cultural studies , ethnic and area studies , musical and theatrical appreciation and performance , and programs in creative writing . ''   Occupational opportunities include :  Banking or retail management trainee  Buyer trainee  Claims adjuster  Underwriter  College/university admission counselor  Convention/meeting planner  Development officer/fundraiser  Human resources professional  Insurance agent  Public relations specialist  Sales representative  Teacher  Writer  Intelligence Officer/Analyst  ( Some positions may require additional education and/or training )

neg: Beaux-Arts Institute of Design The Beaux-Arts Institute of Design ( BAID ) was an art and architectural school at 304 East 44th Street in Turtle Bay , Manhattan , in New York City . It was founded in 1916 by Lloyd Warren for the training of American architects , sculptors and mural painters consistent with the educational agenda of the French École des Beaux-Arts .

neg: Design School Kolding Design School Kolding ( Danish : Designskolen Kolding ) is a design school located in Kolding , Denmark . It delivers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in the areas of fashion , textiles , communication design , industrial design , accessory design , and design for play ( design for play is offered only as an MA programme ) . It was founded in 1967 , and received university status in 2010 .

neg: DSKIC Pune DSK International Campus is an International Design School , established in 2007 in Pune . It offers courses in Product Design , Transportation Design , Digital Design , Animation , Video Game , Fashion Design , Graphic Design and Interior Design . Students are taught by trainers from Europe and India on a full time basis .   The campus is residential and has a library , first-class studios and facilities including medical , gym , cafeteria and sports .


query: Gregor Clegane has a nickname.

pos: Gregor Clegane Ser Gregor Clegane , nicknamed The Mountain , is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He is a retainer to House Lannister . An enormous man , he is well known for his size , prowess in battle and cruelty .   Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Gregor is the older brother of Sandor Clegane , from the fictional kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and in A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) as Ser Robert Strong .   Ser Gregor Clegane is a huge knight and the elder brother of Sandor Clegane . Called `` The Mountain That Rides '' , he is known for his incredibly cruel nature and uncontrollable temper . His size and strength make him a fearsome warrior , and he has earned a reputation for cruelty and brutality . He is able to wield a two-handed sword one handed . When they were children , Gregor shoved Sandor 's face into a brazier , gruesomely scarring him .   Gregor Clegane is portrayed by Conan Stevens in season one , by Ian Whyte in season two , and by Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson in seasons four , five , and six in the HBO television adaptation .

neg: List of city nicknames in California This partial list of city nicknames in California compiles the aliases , sobriquets , mottos and slogans that cities in California are known by ( or have been known by historically ) , officially and unofficially , to locals , outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce . City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity , helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname ; promote civic pride ; and build community unity . Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community `` ideology or myth '' are also believed to have economic value . Their economic value is difficult to measure , but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by `` branding '' themselves by adopting new slogans .   Some unofficial nicknames are positive , while others are derisive . The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency .

neg: Craig (given name) Craig is an English-language masculine given name of an ultimately Celtic derivation . The name has two origins . In some cases it can originate from a nickname , derived from the Scottish Gaelic word creag , meaning `` rock , '' similar to Peter . In other cases , the given name originates from the Scottish surname Craig , which is also derived from the same Scottish Gaelic word . Cognate forms of creag include the Irish creig , Manx creg , and Welsh craig . The English word `` crag '' also shares an origin with these Celtic words . The given name Craig is popular in Scotland , and is used throughout the English speaking world , though in North America it is often pronounced with a short vowel sound , as in `` egg , '' while the British pronunciation sounds like the diphthong in `` brain . ''

neg: Costard Costard is a comic figure in the play Love 's Labour 's Lost by William Shakespeare . A country bumpkin , he is arrested in the first scene for flouting the king 's proclamation that all men of the court avoid the company of women for three years . While in custody , the men of the court use him to further their own romantic endeavors . By sending love notes to the wrong women and blurting out secrets ( including that of an unplanned pregnancy ) , Costard makes fools of the royal court . Along with Moth the page and Jaquenetta , a country wench , Costard pokes fun at the upper-class . While mocking a pedantic schoolmaster , Costard uses the word honorificabilitudinitatibus , the longest word by far from any of Shakespeare 's works .   Costard makes many clever puns , and is used as a tool by Shakespeare to explain new words such as remuneration . He is sometimes considered one of the smartest characters in the play due to his wit and wordplay .   Costard 's name is an archaic term for apple , or metaphorically a man 's head . Shakespeare uses the word in this sense in Richard III .

neg: Kiltartan Kiltartan is a barony and civil parish in County Galway , Ireland . The southern portion of this barony was formerly known as Cenél Áeda na hEchtge or O'Shaughnessy 's Country , the northern portion was called Coill Ua bhFiachrach ( the territory of the Hynes clan ) and the eastern part was called Oireacht Réamoinn ( Mac Redmonds clan , a branch of the Burkes ) . It was the home of Lady Gregory , Edward Martyn , and a regular residence of W.B. Yeats . The barony takes its name from the Burke stronghold of Kiltartan Castle ( now demolished ) also known as Castletown or Ballycastle . The castle in turn takes its name from the medieval church of Kiltartan a short distance to the north . The original Irish name for the church and parish was Cill Athrachta ( church of St. Attracta ) which was corrupted to Cill Tortain . The older anglicised form was Kiltaraght which is closer to the original Irish form .   It is alluded to in Yeats 's poem An Irish Airman Foresees His Death .

neg: Sidlaws The Sidlaws ( Scottish Gaelic : Na Sidhbheanntan ) , also called the Sidlaw Hills and Sidlaw Range , are a range of hills of volcanic origin in the counties of Perthshire and Angus in Scotland that extend for 30 miles ( 45 km ) from Kinnoull Hill , near Perth , northeast to Forfar . Principal peaks within the Sidlaws include Ark Hill and King 's Seat .   Points of interest include Dunsinane Hill , mentioned in Shakespeare 's play Macbeth , and Auchterhouse Hill , which was the site of an ancient hill fort . The ruined observatory on Kinpurnie Hill was built by James Stuart-Mackenzie who owned the Kinpurnie estate and can be seen for many miles on the Strathmore side of the Sidlaws . There is a local legend that a poacher named Brandon Henderson lived as a hermit in the tower for seven years in order to win a # 100 bet .   The highest of the Sidlaws is Craigowl Hill . Adjacent to Craigowl Hill is Gallow Hill , on the side of which is located the Angus transmitting station , which provides television and radio services to the region .   Nearby historical features to the north include Glamis Castle and the Eassie Stone , a carved Pictish cross slab-stone ( now situated in a ruined church in the village of Eassie ) .   Beautifully coloured agates , which formed over millions of years in cavities ( originally gas bubbles ) in the volcanic lava which formed the hills , are occasionally to be found weathered out of the rock in the surrounding fields .   Sidlaw Hills is also the name of a Schottische marching tune composed for the fiddle by Jim Watson of Blairgowrie ( 1868 - 1931 )

neg: Costermonger Costermonger , coster , or costard is a street seller of fruit and vegetables , in London and other British towns . Costermongers were ubiquitous in mid-Victorian England , and some are still found in markets . As usual with street-sellers , they would use a loud sing-song cry or chant to attract attention . The costermonger 's cart might be stationary at a market stall , or mobile ( horse-drawn or wheelbarrow ) . The term is derived from the words costard ( a now extinct medieval variety of large , ribbed apple ) and monger ( seller ) .   Costers met a need for rapid food distribution from the central markets ( e.g. , Smithfield for meat , Spitalfields for fruit and vegetables or Billingsgate for fish ) . Their membership as a coster was signalled by their large neckerchief , known as a kingsman , tied round their necks . Their hostility towards the police was legendary .   The term is now often used to describe hawkers in general ; sometimes a distinction is made between the two : a costermonger sells from a handcart or animal-drawn cart , while a hawker carries his wares in a basket .

neg: Gibson (surname) Gibson is a Scottish and English surname . The name is derived from a patronymic form of the common mediaeval personal name Gib , which is a short form of Gilbert . Variant forms of the surname include Gibsoun , Gipson , Gibbson , Gibbons , Gilson , Gibb , Gibbs and Gibby amongst others .   The personal name Gilbert was introduced into Britain by followers of William the Conqueror after the Norman Invasion of 1066 . The Norman name was originally found as Gislebert or Gillebert , and is composed of the Germanic elements Gisil , meaning `` hostage '' or `` noble youth '' , and berht , meaning `` bright '' or `` famous '' . Gilbert became a very popular given name in England during the Middle Ages .

neg: List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: S

neg: Cledonism In the occult of classical antiquity , cledonism , or cledonomancy , was a kind of divination based on chance events or encounters , such as words occasionally uttered . The word is formed from the Greek κληδών which signifies rumor , a report , omen , fame , name .   Cicero observes that the Pythagoreans made observation not only of the words of the gods , but of those of men ; and accordingly believed the pronouncing of certain words , e.g. the word incendium ( destruction , ruin ) , at a meal to be very unlucky . Thus , instead of prison , they used the word domicilium ( residence , dwelling ) ; and to avoid Erinyes , said Eumenides .   According to Pausanias , cledonism was popular at Smyrna , where the Apollonian Oracles were interpreted . He also mentions its use at the shrine of Hermes Agoraios in Pharae . An individual , upon whispering a question into the god 's ear , plugged his own ears , left the agora , and then listened for the god 's answer among the chance words of pedestrians . This was likely popular because the individual selectively chose which words formed the answer .   An example of cledonism occurs in the Odyssey , Book XX . Before taking vengeance on the suitors , Odysseus asks for a divine sign , and Zeus answers with a clap of thunder . This is immediately followed by words from a servant-woman , asking Zeus to `` let this be the very last day that the suitors dine in the house of Odysseus . ''

neg: McGhee family The McGhee family ( Scottish Gaelic : Clann Aoidh ) is an ancient lowland family of Scotland , established as Lords of Balmaghie in Galloway since the 10th century . Both the Clan Donald and the Clan Mackay claim it as a sept. . Historically , however , the Mackays are in fact an offshoot of this family rather than vice versa . Its ancient origins are uncertain , though it is believed to have been founded by an Irish chieftain in the 10th century . Its property in Kirkcudbrightshire was extended during the reign of the Stuarts . The family has always been self-consciously lowland and , almost uniquely among prominent Scottish families , remained entirely indifferent to the Clan system , as historians have noted :   `` With such a variety of spellings many held lands , bore personal arms and sometimes held important positions and yet none , other than the Chief of Mackay , has been recognised in the chiefship of the kindred . ''   Gilmighel Mac Ethe is first mentioned subscribing allegiance to King Edward I of England in the Ragman Rolls of 1296 . Neel McEth and Gillecryst McEth appear in another document of the same year as two of the Galloway men who , ` having aided John de Balliol late King of Scotland , in his war ... against the King of England ... confess their fault , come to his peace , and swear on the Saints to assist him against Balliol and all others ' . In 1297 , Edward thanked ` Gille Michel Mac Gethe ' and others for ` putting down evil-doers and retaking castles in their country ' . In 1304 , however , Michael Macgethe is listed as a juror at an ` Inquisition ' in Dumfries which asserted the rights of ` Robert de Brus earl of Carrick ' ( later Robert the Bruce ) against those of Edward I in Annandale . Gilbertum McGeth is given as the collector of customs in Kirkcudbright in an exchequer roll of 1331 , while in 1339 Michael Mcgeth was granted a pardon by Edward III after ` having joined his enemies in Scotland ' .   Balmaghie ( ` Ballem ` gethe ' ) was erected into a free barony in 1348 and Gilbert Macge ( also M'Gy ( 1370-1426 ) ) is recorded as ` dominus de Balmage ' in 1426 . The family acquired progressively more influence and importance , especially during the reign of the Stuarts - Sir John McGhie of Balmaghie was knighted by Charles II . Having won favour with and then spurned the Stuarts at the right times , the family was prominent in Scottish and London society by the eighteenth century . However , this was lost with the sale of its estates and a severe lack of male heirs ; by the early 18th century the families of Balmaghie , Airie and Airds , and Castlehill were practically extinct . John McGhie , last of Castlehill , had six daughters , the eldest of whom had six sons who all died childless . Because this decline occurred before the romantic revival of interest in the clans , the family never acquired its own tartan . McGhees may therefore choose to show allegiance to either the MacDonalds or the Mackays in their choice of tartan . The Balmaghie Estate itself , consisting of about 4000 acre of agricultural and sporting land ( best known for its roe deer stalking ) is now owned by the Bond family .   The coat of arms of the Balmaghie McGhees is given as `` sable , three leopards ' heads erased argent . '' Its motto is `` Quae Sursum Volo '' ( `` I desire heavenly things '' ) . Early records of the arms show some variation , however :   Ceulx de Maligny - Azure , three lions ' faces or . ~ Armorial de Berry , 1440s   Maogee of Balmagy - Sable , three human faces Argent tongues extended Gules . ~ Slains Armorial , 1565   Macgie of Balmagie - Sable , three leopards ' heads erased affronte argent , langued gules . ~ Hague Roll , 1590s   Mcgie - Sable , three Leopard heads erased Argent . ~ Sir George Mackenzie 's The Science of Herauldrie , 1680   MacGie - Sable , three leopards ' heads Argent . ~ Nisbet 's A System of Heraldry , 1722   MacGie of Balmaghie - Sable , three leopards ' heads Or . ~ Nisbet 's A System of Heraldry , 1722   Magee -LSB- Ireland -RSB- - Crest , a lion , sejant , collared . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   Macgee - Gules , three martlets Or . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGee , or McGhee -LSB- West India -RSB- - Sable , a fesse between three leopards ' faces Argent . Motto , `` Fac et Spera '' . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   MacGhie -LSB- Balmagie , Scotland -RSB- - Sable , three leopards ' heads Or . ( Another , Argent ) . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGhie -LSB- England -RSB- - Sable , a fesse between three leopards ' faces Argent . Crest : an ostrich Argent , in the beak a horse-shoe Azure . ~ Robson 's '' The British Herald ' , 1830   MacGie - Azure , three leopards ' heads erased , Argent . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   McGie - Sable , a mullet arranged between three leopards ' heads , erased guardant Or . Crest : a leopard 's head , erased guardant Or , ducally gorged Gules . ~ Robson 's The British Herald , 1830   The other prominent Galloway branches of the family were those of Airds and Castlehill . The name was also commonly interchangeable with Mackie and Mackay in Wigtownshire and Kintyre , and a branch of the family controlled the Rhinns of Islay for several centuries . Alexander M'Ghie inherited the Lairdship of Atrochie in Aberdeenshire from his father Hugo .   McGhee and its variants ( e.g. McGee , McGie , McGhie , Magee , M'Gie etc. ) is also a common surname in Ireland . Persons bearing this name are almost certainly inter-related , given the volume of migration across the Irish Sea , in both directions , particularly during the Galloglass and Plantation years . While both Catholic and Protestant McGhees can be found , the Balmaghie family were Presbyterian and the family 's most notable churchmen were low Anglicans , as in the case of Archbishop Magee of Dublin and Archbishop Magee of York . The Revd Nathaniel McKie , a younger son of Balmaghie , was an eccentric and witty minister of Crossmichael who wrote the humorous self-parodying song `` Nae dominies for me , laddie , '' about a young minister spurned by a young lady for a man with finer livery . A prominent exception is the current Bishop of Cloyne , a Traditionalist Catholic who was falsely accused of murdering Pope John Paul I. Odo MacIdh was Canon of Argyll in 1433 .   The only peer with the surname is The Hon. Lord McGhie , Chairman of the Scottish Land Court and President of the Lands Tribunal for Scotland . Knights with this name include Sir John McGhie of Balmaghie ( knighted by Charles II ) , and Sir Ian Magee ( knighted by Elizabeth II ) . Robert Makgye was Court Jester to James II from 1441-50 .

neg: The Scottish Play The Scottish Play and The Bard 's Play are euphemisms for William Shakespeare 's Macbeth . The first is a reference to the play 's Scottish setting , the second a reference to Shakespeare 's popular nickname . According to a theatrical superstition , called the Scottish curse , speaking the name Macbeth inside a theatre will cause disaster . A variation of the superstition also forbids quoting it within a theatre except as part of an actual rehearsal or performance of the play .   Because of this superstition , the lead character is most often referred to as the Scottish King or Scottish Lord . Lady Macbeth is often referred to as the Scottish Lady . Sometimes Mackers or MacB is used to avoid saying the name .

neg: Saoirse (given name) Saoirse ( -LSB- ˈsˠiːɾʲʃə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈsˠeːɾʲʃə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈsˠɯːɾʲʃə -RSB- roughly ) is an Irish and Scottish female given name meaning `` freedom '' , which became popular in Ireland in the 1920s .

neg: List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents , which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places .   Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms .  The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish termination '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by replacing the '' - o '' with '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively .   Adjectives ending - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. , the adjective Czech does not qualify ) .   Where an adjective is a link , the link is to the language or dialect of the same name . ( Reference : Ethnologue , Languages of the World )   Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . )  __ TOC __

neg: Thane of Cawdor The title Thane of Cawdor is a title in the Peerage of Scotland .  The current 7th Earl of Cawdor , of Clan Campbell of Cawdor , is the 26th Thane of Cawdor .   In William Shakespeare 's play Macbeth , this title was given to Macbeth after he captured the previous Thane of Cawdor .  The historical King Macbeth fought a Thane of Cawdor who died in battle , but he did not thereby acquire the title himself .   The 2nd Earl of Cawdor wrote a history of the Thanes of Cawdor , in 1742 , published in 1859 .  According to the 2nd Earl , the first thane was originally a Celtic chieftain who allied with Anglo-Saxon King of Scotland at a time lost to the historical record .

neg: Shegetz Shegetz ( שייגעץ or in Hebrew שֵׁיְגֶּץ ; alternative Romanizations incl . shaygetz , sheigetz , shaigetz , sheygets ; plural שקצים shkotzim , shgatzim ) is a Yiddish word that has entered English to refer to a non-Jewish boy or young man . It is often used disparagingly .   The word shegetz , like its feminine counterpart shiksa , comes from the Hebrew sheketz ( `` detestable , '' `` abomination '' , `` loathed '' , `` blemish '' ) and literally translates as `` rascal '' , `` scoundrel '' or `` varmint '' .   In modern times its pejorative connotations range from negligible to severe , depending on the context .   In former times , it was common practice for Ashkenazi Jews , that is , Jews in Eastern Europe who were harassed by youths to label their tormentors shkotzim . Nacham Grossbard of Haifa , writing in the Memorial Book for the Community of Ciechanów ( 1962 ) , recounted these memories of his early years in Poland : `` At the finish of the match , as soon as the whistle blows , we Jewish boys run as fast as we can , out of breath , all the way home in order not to have stones thrown at us or be hit by the shkotzim ( non-Jewish boys ) . ''

neg: Mac Flecknoe Mac Flecknoe ( full title : Mac Flecknoe ; or , A satyr upon the True-Blew-Protestant Poet , T.S. ) is a verse mock-heroic satire written by John Dryden . It is a direct attack on Thomas Shadwell , another prominent poet of the time . It opens with the lines :   All human things are subject to decay , And when fate summons , monarchs must obeyWritten about 1678 , but not published until 1682 ( see 1682 in poetry ) , `` Mac Flecknoe '' is the outcome of a series of disagreements between Thomas Shadwell and Dryden . Their quarrel blossomed from the following disagreements : `` 1 ) their different estimates of the genius of Ben Jonson , 2 ) the preference of Dryden for comedy of wit and repartee and of Shadwell , the chief disciple of Jonson , for humors comedy , 3 ) a sharp disagreement over the true purpose of comedy , 4 ) contention over the value of rhymed plays , and 5 ) plagiarism . '' Shadwell fancied himself heir to Ben Jonson and to the variety of comedy which the latter had commonly written . Shadwell 's poetry was certainly not of the same standard as Jonson 's , and it is possible that Dryden wearied of Shadwell 's argument that Dryden undervalued Jonson . Shadwell and Dryden were separated not only by literary grounds but also by political ones as Shadwell was a Whig , while Dryden was an outspoken supporter of the Stuart monarchy .   The poem illustrates Shadwell as the heir to a kingdom of poetic dullness , represented by his association with Richard Flecknoe , an earlier poet already satirized by Andrew Marvell and disliked by Dryden , although the poet does not use belittling techniques to satirize him . Multiple allusions in the satire to 17th-century literary works , and to classic Greek and Roman literature , demonstrate Dryden 's complex approach and his mastery over the mock-heroic style .   The poem begins in the tone of an epic masterpiece , presenting Shadwell 's defining characteristic as dullness , just as every epic hero has a defining characteristic : Odysseus 's is cunning ; Achilles 's is wrath ; the hero of Spenser 's The Faerie Queene is of holiness ; whilst Satan in Paradise Lost '' has the defining characteristic of pride . Thus , Dryden subverts the theme of the defining characteristic by giving Shadwell a negative characteristic as his only virtue .  Dryden uses the mock-heroic through his use of the heightened language of the epic to treat the trivial subjects such as poorly written and largely dismissible poetry . The juxtaposition of the lofty style with unexpected nouns such as ` dullness ' provides an ironic contrast and makes the satiric point by the obvious disparity . In this , it works at the verbal level , with the language being carried by compelling rhythm and rhyme .

neg: Clarke Clarke is an Anglo-Irish surname which means `` clerk '' . The surname is of English and Irish origin but the original word comes from Latin for clericus . There are some surname variants , including Clark and Clerk . Clarke is also uncommonly chosen as a given name .

neg: Peter O'Brien (Gaelic footballer) Peter O'Brien was a Gaelic football goalkeeper from Killarney , County Kerry , Ireland . He played with the Dr. Crokes club and the Kerry intercounty team .   He played with the Kerry senior team for one season in 1995 but had little success . He also played underage football but again had little success .   He enjoyed much success at club level however . winning Kerry Senior Football Championship titles in 1991 and 2000 , the 1991 title was the first win since 1914 for Dr. Crokes , he also won 2 Munster Senior Club Football Championship titles in 1990 and 1991 and an All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship in 1992 .   He is credited with giving Colm Cooper his famous nickname The Gooch .

neg: Staker Wallace Patrick `` Staker '' Wallace ( born 1733 ) was an Irish freedom fighter , perhaps born at Teermore , in Bulgaden-Ballinvana parish of County Limerick , Ireland , near the town of Kilfinane . He achieved some fame as an Irish patriot when he was brutally executed for independence activities by a pro-British nobleman in 1798 .   Most commonly known as Staker Wallace or The Staker , his first name was most likely Patrick . His nickname was given to him after death . Some sources give his first name as William or Edmond ( Edmund ) , but these are less likely than Patrick . In her 1909 book about her ancestor , Eunice Graham Brandt referred to Staker as William . After being beheaded , his head was put on a stake for everyone to see . Thus , Staker Wallace . The monument in his honour in Martinstown , Limerick , refers to him as Edmond . Unfortunately , contemporary news accounts in the Limerick Chronicle are long-lost . Nonetheless , his correct first name can be established from other sources .   According to traditional Irish naming patterns , the first-born son was named after his paternal grandfather . Both of Staker 's sons named their first-born sons Patrick . A history of Limerick published in 1866 included a list of sentences passed by the General Court Martial in Limerick on 4 July 1798 . Included on the list : `` Patrick Wallis , for collecting subscriptions for procuring the assassination of Chas . S. Oliver , Esq. , to be hanged at Kilfinane , his head to be affixed on one of his own pikes , and placed on the castle . '' A document on the United Irishmen in Limerick found in the 1940s in the Irish State Paper Office listed prisoners in the new gaol ( jail ) in 1798 . Ten of those listed had been executed , including a Patrick Wallis . Wallis and Wallace are interchangeable spellings of his surname . Both were used in County Limerick at the time .   Patrick Wallace 's extended family had lived in the southeast parishes of County Limerick for generations . He married Hanora Riordan of Glenroe in 1758 and had five children : William , Patrick Jr. , Mary , Joan ( Jane ) , and Hanora . Wallace was a small farmer in his 60s when he became involved in revolutionary activities .   Wallace was involved in the disturbances leading up to the 1798 rebellion in Ireland , and was hung as a local captain of the United Irishmen . `` Staker '' Wallace was arrested in late March 1798 . He was charged with being a disloyal revolutionary and plotting the assassination of Captain Charles Silver Oliver . On 21 April 1798 , Wallace was publicly flogged at a cattle fair at Ballinvreena . One account makes it sound as though he was hanged , drawn and quartered , and finally beheaded immediately afterwards , when the torture failed to yield the desired results . Another source says he was executed in July 1798 . He died in the town of Kilfinane . His nickname may derive from the fact that his severed head was placed on a stake to serve as a warning to others , although it more likely preceded his execution and was linked to stakes used in connection with the commonages . His body was buried at the Abbey burial grounds , Glenroe-Ballyorgan parish , County Limerick .   Wallace may have been a local leader of a group known as the Whiteboys . They dressed up in sheets at night and rooted up the hedges with which landlords had enclosed land formerly held in common by the community . This was a change designed to benefit the wealthy at the expense of the poor . The change was also seen as a further insult to traditional Irish culture perpetrated by those loyal to the British empire . The Society of United Irishmen and the Whiteboys were efforts by Roman Catholics and Irish nationalists to gain independence from the English .   There is a traditional Irish ballad about Patrick Wallace called `` Death of Staker Wallace '' or `` Lament for Staker Wallace '' ( title variant : Wallis ) . Its melody is known but only a few of its lyrics survive . It is an air traditionally associated with the uilleann pipes . A version of the air , played by fiddler Eileen Ivers , appears in the soundtrack of the Martin Scorsese film Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) . However , `` Lament for Staker Wallace '' does not appear on the film 's original soundtrack CD .   In the 1850s , many of Staker 's grandchildren , great-grandchildren , and collateral relatives emigrated to Kane County , Illinois , USA , a rural area west of Chicago . They used the `` Wallace '' spelling of the name , rather than the `` Wallis '' spelling which was often , but not exclusively , used back home . Several are buried at St. Mary 's Cemetery in Gilberts , Rutland Township , Kane County . The most complete and accurate account of Patrick Wallace 's life is found in the book Staker Wallis : His Life and Times and Death by Mainchin Seoighe , published in Ireland in 1994 .

neg: Duke of Roxburghe The Duke of Roxburghe ( pronounced -LSB- ˈrɒksbərə -RSB- ) is a title in the peerage of Scotland created in 1707 along with the titles Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford , Earl of Kelso and Viscount Broxmouth . John Ker , 5th Earl of Roxburghe became the first holder of these titles . The title is derived from the royal burgh of Roxburgh in the Scottish Borders , which was captured and destroyed by the Scots in 1460 .   The Duke has the subsidiary titles of : Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford ( created 1707 ) , Earl of Roxburghe ( 1616 ) , Earl of Kelso ( 1707 ) , Earl Innes ( 1837 ) , Viscount Broxmouth ( 1707 ) , Lord Roxburghe ( 1600 ) , and Lord Ker of Cessford and Cavertoun ( 1616 ) . All of the titles form part of the peerage of Scotland , with the exception the Earldom of Innes , which belongs to the peerage of the United Kingdom . The Duke 's eldest son bears the courtesy title of Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford .   The dukedom and its associated titles descend to heirs who shall inherit the earldom which in turn had a very specific line of descent . On the death of the 4th duke the titles became dormant as no one could prove their claim . In 1812 the House of Lords ruled in favour of Sir James Innes-Ker , 6th Baronet , of Innes ( see Innes baronets ) , rejecting claims by the heir female of the second earl and heir male whatsoever of the first earl .   The Duke of Roxburghe would be the Chief of Clan Innes , but can not be so recognised as he retains the name Innes-Ker '' . </small>   The family has its seat at Floors Castle near Kelso , Scotland . The grounds contain the ruins of Roxburgh Castle on a promontory between the rivers Tweed and Teviot .