query: Anonymous originated in the year 2003.

pos: Anonymous (group) Anonymous is a loosely associated international network of activist and hacktivist entities . A website nominally associated with the group describes it as `` an Internet gathering '' with `` a very loose and decentralized command structure that operates on ideas rather than directives '' . The group became known for a series of well-publicized publicity stunts and distributed denial-of-service ( DDoS ) attacks on government , religious , and corporate websites .   Anonymous originated in 2003 on the imageboard 4chan , representing the concept of many online and offline community users simultaneously existing as an anarchic , digitized global brain . Anonymous members ( known as `` Anons '' ) can be distinguished in public by the wearing of Guy Fawkes masks in the style portrayed in the graphic novel and film V for Vendetta .   In its early form , the concept was adopted by a decentralized online community acting anonymously in a coordinated manner , usually toward a loosely self-agreed goal , and primarily focused on entertainment , or `` lulz '' . Beginning with 2008 's Project Chanology -- a series of protests , pranks , and hacks targeting the Church of Scientology -- the Anonymous collective became increasingly associated with collaborative hacktivism on a number of issues internationally . Individuals claiming to align themselves with Anonymous undertook protests and other actions ( including direct action ) in retaliation against copyright-focused campaigns by motion picture and recording industry trade associations . Later targets of Anonymous hacktivism included government agencies of the U.S. , Israel , Tunisia , Uganda , and others ; the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ; child pornography sites ; copyright protection agencies ; the Westboro Baptist Church ; and corporations such as PayPal , MasterCard , Visa , and Sony . Anons have publicly supported WikiLeaks and the Occupy movement . Related groups LulzSec and Operation AntiSec carried out cyberattacks on U.S. government agencies , media , video game companies , military contractors , military personnel , and police officers , resulting in the attention of law enforcement to the groups ' activities . Some actions by members of the group have been described as being anti-Zionist . It has threatened to cyber-attack Israel and engaged in the '' #OpIsrael '' cyber-attacks of Israeli websites on Yom HaShoah ( Holocaust Remembrance Day ) in 2013 .   Dozens of people have been arrested for involvement in Anonymous cyberattacks , in countries including the U.S. , UK , Australia , the Netherlands , Spain , India and Turkey . Evaluations of the group 's actions and effectiveness vary widely . Supporters have called the group `` freedom fighters '' and digital Robin Hoods while critics have described them as `` a cyber lynch-mob '' or `` cyber terrorists '' . In 2012 , Time called Anonymous one of the `` 100 most influential people '' in the world .

neg: Anonymous Content Anonymous Content is an entertainment company founded in 1999 by CEO Steve Golin . It is based in Los Angeles with its offices in Culver City and New York City .

neg: Operation Mass Appeal Operation Mass Appeal was an operation set up by the British Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ) in the runup to the 2003 invasion of Iraq . It was a campaign aimed at planting stories in the media about Iraq 's alleged weapons of mass destruction . The existence of the operation was exposed in December 2003 , although officials denied that the operation was deliberately disseminating misinformation . The MI6 operation secretly incorporated the United Nations Special Commission investigating Iraq 's alleged stockpiles of Weapons of Mass Destruction ( WMD ) into its propaganda efforts by recruiting UN weapons inspector and former MI6 collaborator Scott Ritter to provide copies of UN documents and reports on their findings to MI6 .   Former UN arms inspector Scott Ritter revealed in his book , Iraq Confidential ( 2005 ) , the existence of an MI6-run psychological warfare effort , known as Operation Mass Appeal . According to Ritter : `` Mass Appeal served as a focal point for passing MI6 intelligence on Iraq to the media , both in the UK and around the world . The goal was to help shape public opinion about Iraq and the threat posed by WMD . '' MI6 propaganda specialists claimed they could spread the misinformation through `` editors and writers who work with us from time to time '' .   Ritter , in an interview with Amy Goodman of the US news website Democracy Now ! , described how he , as an arms inspector for the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq Weapons of Mass Destruction -- and UNSCOM itself -- became deeply involved in MI6 's `` Operation Mass Appeal '' :

neg: American Academy of Health Behavior The American Academy of Health Behavior was founded on April 1 , 1997 to `` transform the health promotion and health education field from a teaching - and service-centered profession to one with a stronger research foundation in which discovery would be valued as a means of improving practice and enhancing public health . The origination of the Academy was based on the belief that the future growth and evolution of the health promotion and health education fields rested on a strong commitment to conducting and disseminating quality research . ''   The inspiration for American Academy of Health Behavior came from Dr. Elbert D. Glover and evolved from a vision he had for more than 2 decades to create an academy of health behavior scholars . He was a trained health educator and as a university professor experienced that academic health educators often were less respected ( and less rewarded ) on university campuses than their peers in other academic disciplines . Further , he believed that this `` lesser respect '' emanated from a perception that in many research-intensive and doctoral degree-granting institutions , health education research often lacked `` centrality '' with respect to the mission of the university compared to the research carried out in other disciplines .   Founding Members  On April 1 , 1997 while serving as a professor at the West Virginia University School of Medicine , Glover identified 34 researchers from throughout the United States with whom he shared his vision and a draft of proposed organizational bylaws . Ultimately , 32 individuals accepted the invitation and formed the body of Founding Members of The Academy . The Founding Members are presented in the chronological order in which they agreed to be named founding members of The Academy .   Elbert D. Glover ( Founder )   Founding Members  Chudley E. Werch  Mark B. Dignan  Terri Mulkins Manning  David R. Black  Robert F. Valois  Mark J. Kittleson  Cheryl J. Rainey  Kenneth R. McLeroy  Robert J. McDermott  David F. Duncan  Scott J. Leischow  James H. Price  James M. Eddy  Michael Young  Ray Tricker  Robert M. Weiler  John P. Foreyt  Ian M. Newman  Min Qi Wang  Thomas W. O'Rourke  Beverly S. Mahoney  Mohammad R. Torabi  Stuart W. Fors  Robert S. Gold  Molly T. Laflin  Paul D. Sarvela  Melody P. Noland  Mary S. Sutherland  Cheryl L. Perry  Lawrence W. Green  Rick A. Petosa  Nicholas K. Iammarino   Glover believed that by forming a solid member base of like-minded prolific researchers , these well-known and widely respected scholars would attract other researchers to The Academy . Several of newly committed founding members were skeptical about the likely acceptance and success of a new professional association focused principally on the research enterprise . As enticements , he subsidized the Founding Members ' first 2 years of organizational dues , including a subscription to the American Journal of Health Behavior , which he designated in the bylaws as The Academy 's official professional journal . At that time , the American Journal of Health Behavior had been in existence for over 2 decades and owned by Glover . The Journal was well respected and a venue for publishing quality health-behavior research . He reasoned that by naming the Journal the official publication of The Academy the organization would gain immediate visibility and credibility . The 2 entities flourished in their coexistence , however , after several years of coexistence and by mutual agreement , eventually parted ways and no longer partake in a relationship .   Charter Members  After recruiting The Academy 's Founders , he opened up the organization for membership to other qualified applicants . Each of the 18 persons who joined during the subsequent year was given the designation of Charter Member . The Charter Members became the backbone of the organization , earning themselves a deserved special status in The Academy inasmuch as they were the first dues-paying members . These Charter Members are listed they joined The Academy .   1 . Dennis L. Thombs  2 . Ansa Ojanlatva  3 . Gregory H. Frazer  4 . Patricia D. Mail  5 . Raymond L. Goldsteen  6 . Eugene C. Fitzhugh  7 . Lynda B. Ransdell  8 . Randall L. Cottrell  9 . Mark . G. Wilson  10 . Michael W. Felts  11 . Patricia C. Dunn  12 . John P. Sciacca  13 . Mary A. Nies  14 . Susan K. Telljohann  15 . Jennie J. Kronenfeld  16 . Karen D. Liller  17 . Stephen B. Thomas   Conceptual Foundations  Establishment of The Academy set in motion a new direction for the field that was grounded in a distinctive set of conceptual underpinnings . The first of these principles was the establishment of a meritocracy that acknowledged the competitive nature of the research environment , challenged members to produce quality research , and recognized outstanding research contributions . The second belief was that advancement of evidence-based practice would be more likely to occur if nurtured by a professional organization that explicitly identified research as its primary focus . The third tenet recognized a need for a forum to review and evaluate research being conducted so as to improve its quality and dissemination . The fourth underpinning was the desire to overcome partisan , protective agendas of traditional disciplines by stimulating multidisciplinary research and learning . Finally , The Academy was established to inform and educate scholars about the latest in research innovations as well as to inspire a commitment to high-quality investigation among emerging researchers and students in doctoral education programs . By acknowledging and pledging commitment to these philosophies , The Academy began to secure its unique niche among professional organizations .   Official Seal  To represent its underpinnings as a professional society , The Academy adopted the lamp of learning ( the intellectual source of light ) as the central focus of its official seal . The lamp is arched by a banner containing The Academy motto that Founding Member Dr Robert M. Weiler proposed . It reads : `` Mores Scientia Sanitas '' ( Behavior-Knowledge-Health ) . The lamp is underscored by 2 laurel branches , symbolic of conquest ( i.e. , of knowledge ) ; a series of 5-pointed stars , which from heraldry represents knightly rank and is an ideogram for seeking out that which is mystic ; and finally , the year of The Academy 's founding , 1997 .   Initial Board of Directors  The Board was described as a `` worker bee '' group inasmuch as there was no true executive director , no history , and no previous modus operandi . In addition to Dr Glover , members of the Founding Board included Dr David R. Black , Dr James M. Eddy , Dr Nicholas K. Iammarino , Dr Mark J. Kittleson , Dr Molly T. Laflin , Dr Terri Mulkins Manning , Dr Robert J. McDermott , Dr Mohammad R. Torabi , Dr Robert M. Weiler , and Dr Chudley E. `` Chad '' Werch . Of the initial 11 board members , 6 went on to become Presidents of the Academy ( Glover , Werch , McDermott , Torabi , Black and Laflin ) and one Executive Director ( Manning ) .   Minimum Membership Qualifications  The Academy was the first of its type to require that applicants meet certain minimum qualifications related to research prowess . To be a Qualified Member , applicants needed to : ( 1 ) provide evidence of scientific training beyond the undergraduate level ; and ( 2 ) have authored or coauthored at least 10 data-based papers ( quantitative or qualitative ) published in national or international journals that regularly report the findings of original health behavior , health education , or health promotion research . Moreover , the membership criteria fulfilled another of The Academy 's basic tenets -- that of being a meritocracy . The category of Affiliate Member was open to new professionals and doctoral students holding or working toward a doctoral degree who demonstrated evidence of scientific training beyond the undergraduate level and had at least 2 refereed data-based papers ( quantitative or qualitative ) published in national or international journals . Requiring data-based publications even of new researchers made an emphatically powerful and proactive statement about the importance that The Academy attached to research as well as serving as a segue later on for mentoring of Affiliate Members by Qualified Members .   Uniqueness of The Academy  In addition to a commitment to both research and a meritocracy , The Academy was unique in other ways . Most national organizations attract large numbers of members consequently ; necessitate meetings to be held in large that had attracted 10,000 or more attendees and necessitated that these meetings be held primarily in large cities such as New York ; Chicago ; Los Angeles ; San Francisco ; Boston ; New Orleans ; Washington , DC ; and the like . Moreover , active participants in these conferences rarely had opportunity to enjoy the venue in which their conference took place and , as often as not , became overwhelmed by the size of the meeting and the chaos of the metropolitan location . Glover saw the advantages of having a small scientific meeting and pledged that The Academy would leverage this advantage to host its scientific meetings in `` unique and unusual '' settings -- locations that did not require space for thousands , but rather , for 125-150 participants . From its inception , the Founding Members never envisioned The Academy as needing to become a large organization in order to thrive , nor did they become aggressive in soliciting members . The Academy 's mission was to promote and disseminate high-quality research and be a home for persons conducting rigorous health-behavior investigative studies . The absence of great concern about organizational size opened the door to the distinctive elements of exceptional hotels and venues of quaint hospitality and other unique features .   In addition to the unique and unusual features of the locations for the scientific meetings , it was determined that the scientific program itself would be entirely plenary rather than diluted into multiple concurrent sessions . Moreover , some of the most renowned researchers available were recruited as speakers yearly for each session . Whereas the emphasis of the plenary sessions of the first several scientific meetings was to expose attendees to examples of rigorously conducted , cutting-edge research and a diverse set of presenters and topics , meeting organizers gradually began to plan around specific themes and is the basis for current conferences .   The philosophy guiding the program plan was that a portion of each day would be free for persons to participate in optional workshops , meet informally around professional interests , or disdain professional affairs for a period of the day to return in the early evening for structured social activity concurrent with scientific poster presentations . Thus , the overscheduling that occurs in many conferences was avoided , and the opportunity to enjoy the comforts and attractions of the host site with professional colleges is encouraged .   Emergence of The Academy  Everyone in the health education field did not uniformly embrace the emergence of The Academy . Some alleged that creating and promoting a new health education organization in what was already a crowded and fractionated field would only confound that situation further . Others viewed The Academy as an unnecessary upstart being promoted by `` a small minority of malcontents . '' Some saw The Academy as a competitor . Still others described The Academy with actual contempt , identifying The Academy as being `` elitist '' ( presumably because of its membership eligibility criteria and choices of scientific meeting sites ) and `` sexist '' ( presumably because just 14 of the original 51 Founding Members and Charter Members were women ) . However , today over 50 % of the members are female . What is certain is that The Academy did not go unnoticed by persons in the profession . As time has passed , The Academy established a niche for itself and is now a well-respected research organization .   Recognitions within The Academy : Fellow , Research Laureate and Lifetime Achievement Recognitions  Fellow  Typically with most organizations , one 's service contributions , name recognition , and organizational longevity alone satisfy inclusion criteria to be named a Fellow within an organization . In contrast , Glover wanted The Academy 's Fellow status to necessitate meeting explicit , rigorous , and verifiable criteria based exclusively on one 's demonstrable scholarship with respect to research -- peer-reviewed publications , grants , and presentations to scholarly audiences . Thus , in keeping with the meritocratic theme of the organization , he established the Fellow status for researchers who had 50 or more data-based peer-reviewed publications in journals of at least national dissemination , and who met at least one of the following criteria : ( 1 ) had made at least 75 scientific presentations , ( 2 ) had been awarded at least 25 grants , ( 3 ) had been awarded cumulative grant funding of at least $ 1.5 million , or ( 4 ) had contributed significantly to the advancement of knowledge in health behavior through such magnitude as to equal any of the other categories above . The Board of Directors embraced and approved the establishment of these criteria .   Research Laureate Medallion  Moreover , the Board discussed his recommendation and eventually agreed to the establishment of a unique award designated for Fellows whose career made them stand out , even in a field of accomplished individuals . This award became the Research Laureate Medallion of The Academy . Unlike the various plaques , trophies , or certificates that are commonly received by individuals who emerge as the best in their field , the Research Laureate Medallion was intended to be an exceptional and prized representation of excellence . The concept of the medallion and its eventual design was a consequence of the combined labor of Dr Glover ; Dr Robert M. Weiler and Dr Molly T. Laflin . Glover inspired the belief that being a recipient of the Research Laureate Medallion could one day be the benchmark of fame for health behavior researchers . The first recipient of this prestigious award was Dr Lawrence W. Green , a highly respected researcher , theoretician , and philosopher across numerous disciplines related to health behavior and health care . The Academy quickly established the tradition of having the previous year 's recipient become the presenter of the Research Laureate Medallion to the subsequent year 's awardee . A complete list of recipients can be found at The Academy web site ( www.aahb.org ) .   Lifetime Achievement Award  The Lifetime Achievement Award was developed by the initial Academy board members to recognize significant influence and impact on the field of health behavior research . In 2000 , the Board of Directors granted the first Lifetime Achievement Award recognition to Glover in the form of The American Academy of Health Behavior Lifetime Achievement Award in acknowledgment both of his research and his tireless work as the visionary in founding The Academy . The award has been subsequently awarded to only 2 other individuals , the noted psychologist , researcher , and theorist , Dr Albert Bandura , in 2006 . In 2013 Dr Larry W. Green was also awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award as he clearly represented one of the most influential health behavior researchers in the field .   The Academy Today  The Academy has attracted scholars from several disciplines , shaping it into the multidisciplinary group that was envisioned . The annual scientific meeting is now a coveted venue to be either an invited speaker , which is the only avenue to present , or to be a research poster presenter . The annual meetings continue to be held in unique and unusual venues . The meeting has become an avenue for the mentoring of young researchers -- through roundtables , special mentoring workshops , and by means of the numerous informal opportunities provided to interact with highly accomplished researchers . To give formal recognition to an emerging researcher , The Academy established the Judy K. Black Early Career Research Award as further demonstration of its commitment to nurturing research . Judy K. Black was the wife of Dr David R. Black , one of The Academy 's Founding Members . She died in a tragic automobile accident in 2003 . She was herself a dedicated professional , motivator , and mentor to students .   As The Academy completes its second decennial of scientific meetings , it can reflect favorably on what has been accomplished . It has abandoned neither its standards nor its passion . It has silenced most of its skeptics and detractors . Most importantly , it has fulfilled the promise of its visionary : to place science and discovery as the premiere values of a field of endeavor and to draw upon the richness of skilled investigators from a wide array of disciplines . Whereas the richness of thought and tradition among members of The Academy alone may never succeed entirely in conquering every health-behavior research challenge on the horizon , The Academy can take pride in having encouraged the spirit of many researchers to seek out further discoveries and new solutions . To that end , and as The Academy guard has changed , every new member-researcher has within his or her grasp the possibility of contributing to its further evolution .

neg: AC4 AC4 is a hardcore band from Umeå , Sweden . Refused members Dennis Lyxzén and David Sandström had been talking about starting a new band for a long time . In the spring of 2008 Karl Backman had written songs for the new band and they started to rehearse . Jens Nordén had played with Lyxzén in pre-Refused straight edge hardcore band Step Forward ( 1987-1991 ) and since 1990 with Backman in punk band The Vectors . The `` AC '' in the name is the regional code for the Västerbotten province where Umeå is located .   The first show was at a squatting on Parkgatan in Umeå on the Mayu 5th , 2008 .   In May 2008 someone posted a live song on YouTube . It got on Kerrang 's playlist and had over 14,000 hits the first week .   They performed at Storsjöyran and Umeå Punkfest in 2008 .   In 2009 they performed at Way Out West Festival and released the self-titled debut album on Lyxzén 's label Ny Våg .   In 2010 their European tour took them around their native Sweden , as well as Norway , Denmark , Germany , Belgium , Austria , France , Italy , England and Wales . They also released the Umeå Hardcore 7 '' EP in Europe , a special 7 '' for Australia only and the debut album came out in America .   AC4 initially refused to do interviews with mainstream media and would only answer questions from fanzine writers who were under the age of 18 . To promote their Australian tour in April , 2011 , Dennis conducted a number of interviews with the local press , including Melbourne radio show Bullying The Jukebox .   While on tour in Australia a short documentary film about the band entitled `` A few minutes with AC4 '' was filmed , along with a promotional video for the song `` Wo n't Bow Down '' from their debut album .   In May 2012 the band announced that Sandström had been replaced by Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson ( DS-13 ) and that the recording of a second album had begun . The album `` Burn The World '' was released in March 2013 on Ny Våg records and Deathwish Inc. . .   The band is also performing at some upcoming festivals including Groezrock on a spring 2013 tour . A week before the tour the band announced that Nordén had suddenly left AC4 , but is being replaced by their producer Fredrik Lyxzén .

neg: Debtors Anonymous Debtors Anonymous ( DA ) is a twelve-step program for people who want to stop incurring unsecured debt . Collectively they attend more than 500 weekly meetings in nine countries . Those who compulsively incur unsecured debt are said to be engaged in compulsive debting and are known as compulsive debtors .   DA encourages careful record keeping and monitoring of finances -- including purchases , income , and debt payments -- to get a clear picture of spending habits . This information is used to develop healthier spending practices , supporting one in keeping a reasonable quality of life while still repaying debt . Similarly , DA recommends developing plans for the future to increase income .   DA 's program is intended to facilitate a progressive personality change in its members , ultimately transforming their world views and changing their behaviors . Alternatively , results from an external survey of 46 DA members from 1993-1995 by sociologist Terrell A. Hayes posited that many DA members only partially accept the ideology of the organization and that parts of DA 's program , such as stigmatizing labels used to describe members , may actually hinder acceptance of DA 's ideology .

neg: Loesje Loesje -LSB- ` luʃə -RSB- is an international free speech organisation started in Arnhem ( Netherlands ) in 1983 and went international in 1989 . Its charter is to spread creativity , positive criticism , ideas , philosophical ponderings and thoughts on current events by way of short slogans on posters . The posters are signed by Loesje , which is a Dutch female name , representing `` a world wide collective of people who want to make the world a more positive creative place '' .   Loesje is currently to some extent active in over 30 countries , including Argentina , Armenia , Bosnia , Belgium , Spain , Denmark , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Hungary , Iceland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Macedonia , Mexico , the Netherlands , Nigeria , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Russia , Serbia , Slovenia , Sweden , Switzerland , the United States of America , and Palestine . In one country it is possible to have several more or less active writing groups .   It is not clear how many active writers there are and also the number of people who decide to spread the posters that can be downloaded from the poster archive . The organisation can not hold track of who spreads posters and where , partly because it is impossible to see how often a poster is downloaded ( or printed at home ) from the website , and partly because Loesje is not responsible for any misdeeds of individuals who paste posters on places where it is illegal .   Between 2005 and 2013 , Loesje 's international headquarters were located in Berlin , but since then Loesje International has moved back to Arnhem . From there Loesje implements and coordinates many diverse international projects around the world . Loesje gives creative writing workshops , for team building for example and joins conferences about issues that connect to her values , such as this environmental conference called Caretakers of the environment international in 2012 in Maastricht in the Netherlands . Loesje is especially active on World press freedom day .

neg: Underground (Dreyfus book) Underground : Tales of Hacking , Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier is a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus , researched by Julian Assange . It describes the exploits of a group of Australian , American , and British black hat hackers during the late 1980s and early 1990s , among them Assange himself .   Craig Bowen ( nickname ) , administrator of two important Australian BBS ( Pacific Island and Zen )  Par , a.k.a. . The Parmaster , an American hacker who avoided capture by the United States Secret Service from July 1989 to November 1991  Phoenix , Electron and Nom , who were convicted in the first major Australian trial for computer crimes  Pad and Gandalf , the British founders of the notorious 8lgm group  the Australian Mendax ( Julian Assange ) and Prime Suspect , who managed to penetrate the DDN , NIC and the Nortel internal network , and the phreaker Trax . Together , the three were known as the `` International Subversives '' .  Anthrax , another Australian hacker and phreaker   The book also mentions other hackers who had contacts with the protagonists , among them Erik Bloodaxe of the Legion of Doom and Corrupt of the Masters of Deception .   The first chapter of Underground relates the diffusion and reactions of the computer security community to the WANK worm that attacked DEC VMS computers over the DECnet in 1989 and was purportedly coded by a Melbourne hacker .   , the book has sold 10,000 copies .  The author made the electronic edition of the book freely available in 2001 , when it was announced on Slashdot , the server housing the book crashed due to the demand for the book . It reached 400,000 downloads within two years .   The 2002 documentary In the Realm of the Hackers , directed by Kevin Anderson and centered on Phoenix and Electron , was inspired by this book .

neg: AnonymousCulture AnonymousCulture , is an American rapper and songwriter from Dallas , Texas .

neg: Patriot Act, Title III, Subtitle B The USA PATRIOT Act was passed by the United States Congress in 2001 as a response to the September 11 attacks in 2001 . It has ten titles , with the third title ( `` Title III : International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 '' ) written to prevent , detect , and prosecute international money laundering and the financing of terrorism .   Title III is itself divided into three subtitles . The second subtitle , entitled Subtitle B : Bank Secrecy Act Amendments and Related Improvements , largely modifies the Bank Secrecy Act ( BSA ) to make it harder for money launderers to operate , and to make it easier for law enforcement and regulatory agencies to police money laundering operations . The BSA was amended to allow the designated officer or agency who receives suspicious transaction reports to notify U.S. intelligence agencies . It also addresses issues of record keeping and reporting by making it easier to undertake the reporting of suspicious transactions ; by making it a requirement that financial institutions report suspicious transactions ; through the creation of anti-money laundering programs and by better defining anti-money laundering strategy ; and by making it a requirement that anyone who does business file a report for any coin and foreign currency receipts that are over US$ 10,000 . The subtitle increases civil and criminal penalties for money laundering and introduces penalties for violations of geographic targeting orders and certain recordkeeping requirements .   Subtitle B legislated for the creation of a secure network which can be used by financial institutions to report suspicious transactions and which can also give them alerts of relevant suspicious activities . Subtitle B also makes FinCEN a bureau of the United States Department of Treasury . The subtitle allows the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to authorize personnel to act as law enforcement officers to protect the premises , grounds , property and personnel of any U.S. Federal reserve bank , and allows them to delegate this authority to U.S. Federal Reserve Banks . It instructs any United States Executive Directors of international financial institutions to use their voice and vote to support any country that has taken action to support the U.S. 's War on Terrorism , and to require such Executive Directors to provide ongoing auditing of disbursements made from their institutions to ensure that no funds are paid to persons who commit , threaten to commit , or support terrorism .

neg: Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous ( SLAA ) is a twelve-step program for people recovering from sex addiction and love addiction . SLAA was founded in Boston , Massachusetts in 1976 , by a member of Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) . Though he had been a member of AA for many years , he repeatedly acted out and was serially unfaithful to his wife . He founded SLAA as an attempt to stop his compulsive sexual and romantic behavior . SLAA is also sometimes known as the Augustine Fellowship , because early members saw many of their shared symptoms described by St. Augustine of Hippo in his work Confessions . COSLAA is another twelve-step fellowship created to support the family members and friends of sex and love addicts .   SLAA encourages members to identify their own `` bottom-line behaviors . '' The organization identifies these behaviors as `` any sexual or emotional act , no matter what its initial impulse may be , which leads to loss of control over rate , frequency , or duration of its occurrence or recurrence , resulting in spiritual , mental , physical , emotional , and moral destruction of oneself and others . '' Maintaining `` sobriety '' in the SLAA program requires abstaining from one 's bottom-line behaviors . However , these behaviors are never set in stone and may change as SLAA members continue in the program . Examples of bottom line behaviors might include sexual or romantic activity outside the scope of monogamous relationships , anonymous or casual sex , compulsive avoidance of intimacy or emotional attachment , one-night stands , compulsive masturbation , obsessive fantasy , compulsive attraction to unavailable or abusive partners , and a wide variety of addictive sexual , romantic , or avoidant behaviors .   Many of those practicing the SLAA recovery program develop the ability to engage in a healthy committed relationship . SLAA encourages recovery from sexual anorexia , emotional anorexia and social anorexia , three related areas of self-deprivation that lead to isolation and often accompany patterns of addictive behavior .   SLAA publishes the book Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous . It is approved by the organization for use in their fellowship . Feminist theorist Christine Saulnier criticized the SLAA book as fiercely defending individualization , that is dismissing the social and political circumstances under which sexual behaviors arise and are labeled deviant .

neg: Emotions Anonymous Emotions Anonymous ( EA ) is a twelve-step program for recovery from mental and emotional illness . there were approximately 300 EA groups active in the United States and another 300 around the world .

neg: Anonplus Anonplus is the social networking service that Anonymous decided to launch , after Your Anon News was banned from Google + on 15 July 2011 . Anonymous defines Anonplus as a `` new social network where there is no fear ... of censorship ... of blackout ... nor of holding back . '' Anonplus has the goal of creating a decentralized and secure social network where the privacy of the users is valued .

neg: Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward .   The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' .   The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret .   In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .

neg: National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism ( START ) is a research and education center at the University of Maryland , College Park focused on the scientific study of the causes and consequences of terrorism in the United States and around the world . It maintains the Global Terrorism Database , which includes over 125,000 terrorist attacks which it describes as the `` most comprehensive unclassified data base on terrorist events in the world . ''

neg: Pseudonym A pseudonym ( -LSB- pronˈsjuːdənɪm -RSB- and -LSB- pronˈsuːdənɪm -RSB- ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose , which can differ from their original or true name ( orthonym ) . Pseudonyms include stage names and user names ( both called screen names ) , ring names , pen names , nicknames , aliases , superhero or villain identities and code names , gamer identifications , and regnal names of emperors , popes , and other monarchs . Historically , they have often taken the form of anagrams , Graecisms , and Latinisations , although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym .   Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual 's full-time name . Pseudonyms are `` part-time '' names , used only in certain contexts - usually adopted to hide an individual 's real identity , as with writers ' pen names , graffiti artists ' tags , resistance fighters ' or terrorists ' noms de guerre , and computer hackers ' handles . Actors , musicians , and other performers sometimes use stage names , for example , to mask their ethnic backgrounds .   In some cases , pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition : for example devotional names used by members of some religious institutes , and `` cadre names '' used by Communist party leaders such as Trotsky and Lenin .   A pseudonym may also be used for personal reasons : for example , an individual may prefer to be called or known by a name that differs from their given or legal name , but is not ready to take the numerous steps to get their name legally changed ; or an individual may simply feel that the context and content of an exchange offer no reason , legal or otherwise , to provide their given or legal name .   A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons , for example the co-authors of a work , such as Ellery Queen , or Nicolas Bourbaki .

neg: Sexual Recovery Anonymous Sexual Recovery Anonymous ( SRA ) is one of several twelve-step programs for the treatment of sexual addiction based on the original Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous . SRA takes its place among various 12-step groups that seek recovery from sexual addiction : Sex Addicts Anonymous , Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous , Sexual Compulsives Anonymous and Sexaholics Anonymous . The New York-based group has meetings in several states . Collectively these groups are referred to as `` S '' groups since all their acronyms begin with that letter .   There is a related group called SRA-ANON for spouses , relatives , friends , and significant others of SRA members . This group is analogous to Al-Anon for family members of Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) .   SRA was founded around 1993 and is said to be a `` progressive offshoot '' of Sexaholics Anonymous ( SA ) and is said to be `` far more diverse '' with a strong presence of women , African Americans , Asians , and members of the LGBT community . SRA also differs from SA by allowing sexual relations between two people in a `` committed relationship '' , while SA only allows a heterosexual spouse as an acceptable partner .

neg: The Casual Fiasco The Casual Fiasco is an American band that was active from 2003-2007 . The band 's beginnings can be traced to St. Lawrence University in Canton , New York , where Reilly and Read went to school together . While completing their undergraduate degrees , they began writing songs and playing at small , local venues such as the Tick Tock Inn and the Glass Onion as an acoustic duo , eventually incorporating friends on bass , drums and keyboards to round out their sound . During Reilly 's senior year , the band began a heavy touring schedule that included many northeast colleges and universities , where the band began to build an underground following . While in school , the band self-financed two records ; `` The Casual Fiasco , '' affectionately referred to by early fans as `` The Black Album , '' a play off of Phish 's `` The White Tape , '' was released in 2003 . `` Prototype '' was released in 2004 , which features several of the songs that would become popular in later years , including `` Down on Sunday , `` Feather '' and `` Prototype . ''   When Read and Reilly decided to move to Burlington , Vermont after graduation , they teamed up with Josh Cleaver on bass and Joshua Pfeil on drums and percussion and the true incarnation of The Casual Fiasco was born . The group quickly became the house band at the legendary Nectar 's , a mid-sized venue in Burlington that was once home to the popular jam-band Phish , tightening their sound and beginning work on what would become their defining EP , `` Body Over Mind , '' with Grammy Nominated producer Jack Gauthier . The release of the EP marked a turning point for the band , as several tracks were picked up by college and independent radio , including `` Head Up , '' `` Mint Condition , '' `` Too Much Too Fast , '' and `` Need my Fill . ''   The band played 150 concerts in 2005 , building a following and drawing larger and larger crowds to venues that included Higher Ground ( Burlington ) , The Knitting Factory ( New York City ) and The Paradise ( Boston ) . The band also ventured outside of the Northeast for the first time , touring the south and sharing bills with acts that include State Radio and Grace Potter and the Nocturnals , among others . The Fiasco also continued to build a college following , performing at dozens of universities over the course of the year .   The band 's increased success lead to even more extensive touring during 2006 , performing over 180 dates and headlining venues from Maine to Florida and thru the Midwest . Now a Northeast club and university mainstay , the band was headlining prestigious concert halls and sharing bills with their heroes .   The Casual Fiasco played 85 shows in 2007 , hanging up their instruments during July of that year , largely due to exhaustion . Over the course of 4.5 years The Casual Fiasco played nearly 700 concerts , logged over 250,000 miles on their van , and entertained tens of thousands of concert goers .

neg: Steve Golin Steve Golin ( born March 6 , 1955 ) is the founder and CEO of Anonymous Content LLP , a multimedia development , production and talent management company and co-founder and former CEO of Propaganda Films . Golin graduated from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University in 1976 and attended the American Film Institute .

neg: Voluntary association A voluntary group or union ( also sometimes called a voluntary organization , common-interest association , association , or society ) is a group of individuals who enter into an agreement , usually as volunteers , to form a body ( or organization ) to accomplish a purpose . Common examples include trade associations , trade unions , learned societies , professional associations , and environmental groups .   Membership is not necessarily voluntary : in order for particular associations to function correctly they might need to be mandatory or at least strongly encouraged , as is common with many teachers unions in the US . Because of this , some people use the term common-interest association to describe groups which form out of a common interest , although this term is not widely used or understood .   Voluntary associations may be incorporated or unincorporated ; for example , in the US , unions gained additional powers by incorporating . In the UK , the terms Voluntary Association or Voluntary Organisation cover every type of group from a small local Residents ' Association to large Associations ( often Registered Charities ) with multimillion-pound turnover that run large-scale business operations ( often providing some kind of public service as subcontractors to government departments or local authorities ) .

neg: Russian mafia Russian organized crime or Russian mafia , sometimes referred to as Bratva ( : `` brotherhood '' ) , is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union .   Organized crime in Russia began in the imperial period of the Tsars , but it was not until the Soviet era that vory v zakone ( `` thieves-in-law '' ) emerged as leaders of prison groups in gulags ( Soviet prison labor camps ) , and their honor code became more defined . After World War II , the death of Joseph Stalin , and the fall of the Soviet Union , more gangs emerged in a flourishing black market , exploiting the unstable governments of the former Republics , and at its highest point , even controlling as much as two-thirds of the Russian economy . Louis Freeh , former director of the FBI , said that the Russian mafia posed the greatest threat to U.S. national security in the mid-1990s .   In modern times , there are as many as 6,000 different groups , with more than 200 of them having a global reach . Criminals of these various groups are either former prison members , corrupt officials and business leaders , people with ethnic ties , or people from the same region with shared criminal experiences and leaders . However , the existence of such groups has been debated . In December 2009 , Timur Lakhonin , the head of the Russian National Central Bureau of Interpol , stated `` Certainly , there is crime involving our former compatriots abroad , but there is no data suggesting that an organized structure of criminal groups comprising former Russians exists abroad '' , while in August 2010 , Alain Bauer , a French criminologist , said that it `` is one of the best structured criminal organizations in Europe , with a quasi-military operation . ''


query: Spider-Man: Homecoming is produced by Marvel Studios and Columbia pictures and it will be distributed by Sony Pictures.

pos: Spider-Man: Homecoming Spider-Man : Homecoming is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man . Co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios , and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing , it is intended to be the second reboot of the Spider-Man film franchise and the sixteenth film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . The film is directed by Jon Watts , with a screenplay by Jonathan Goldstein & John Francis Daley and Watts & Christopher Ford and Chris McKenna & Erik Sommers , and stars Tom Holland , Michael Keaton , Jon Favreau , Zendaya , Donald Glover , Tyne Daly , Marisa Tomei , and Robert Downey Jr. . In Spider-Man : Homecoming , Peter Parker tries to balance high school life with being the hero Spider-Man as he faces the Vulture .   In February 2015 , Marvel Studios and Sony reached a deal to share the character rights of Spider-Man , integrating the character into the established MCU . The following June , Holland was cast as the title character , while Watts was hired to direct , followed shortly after by the casting of Tomei and the hiring of Daley and Goldstein to write the script . In April 2016 , the film 's title was revealed , along with additional castings including Downey . Principal photography began in June 2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County , Georgia and continued in New York City before concluding in Berlin the following October . During filming , Watts , Christopher Ford , Chris McKenna , and Erik Sommers were revealed as additional screenwriters , and more cast members were confirmed .   Spider-Man : Homecoming is scheduled to have its premiere in New York City on June 28 , 2017 , and be released on July 7 , 2017 , in the United States in 3D , IMAX , and IMAX 3D . A sequel is scheduled to be released on July 5 , 2019 .

neg: Spider-Man: Web of Shadows Spider-Man : Web of Shadows is a video game title encompassing three versions : a full-3D action game for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , Wii , and Xbox 360 ; a 2.5 D sidescrolling beat em up action game for the PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 2 ( called Amazing Allies Edition ) , and a 2.5 D side-scrolling brawler/platformer for the Nintendo DS .   The game received generally positive reviews from critics , who singled out the boss fights , destructive combat , use of an original story , voice acting and open-ended nature . However , the game 's choice system received mixed reviews ; although some praised how the player is able to create a dynamic experience with their choices , others were critical of the system 's limitations . In addition , reviewers criticized the storyline ' s poor execution , bothersome camera controls , the inability to free-roam after completing the game , lip-synching issues and the ugly graphics .   Spider-Man : Web of Shadows , along with most other games published by Activision that had used the Marvel licence , was de-listed and removed from all digital storefronts on January 1 , 2014 .

neg: Survival of the Fittest (The Spectacular Spider-Man) `` Survival of the Fittest '' is the pilot episode of the animated television series The Spectacular Spider-Man , which is based on the comic book character Spider-Man , created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko . The episode was written and directed by the series developers , Greg Weisman and Victor Cook . In the episode , Spider-Man ( Josh Keaton ) faces the evil Vulture ( Robert Englund ) as he begins his junior year in high school .   Sony Entertainment originally conceived The Spectacular Spider-Man as a series of four DVDs , and asked Weisman and Cook to develop it . The central idea was to follow Spider-Man in his younger years in the comics ; Weisman and Cook wanted to incorporate the styles of the early comic publications by Lee and Ditko . Reviewers have cited other influences in the themes , such as the live action film series and the Ultimate Spider-Man '' continuity .   `` Survival of the Fittest '' originally aired on March 8 , 2008 , on the Kids ' WB block on The CW . It had previously been shown to a large audience at the 2008 WonderCon . The episode was the highest rated program of the Kids WB ! 2007-2008 combined with the second episode `` Interactions '' and alone received a Nielsen rating of 1.2 / 3 . It was well received by critics , IGN calling it `` a Spider-Man story that feels like classic Spider-Man , and that 's a good thing . ''

neg: Spider-Man (Atari 2600 video game) Spider-Man is an action video game released in 1982 by Parker Brothers for the Atari 2600 . It was the first video game to feature Spider-Man and also the first Marvel Comics based video game .

neg: Russian World Studios Russian World Studios was founded in 1984 by Yuri Sapronov and Andrei Smirnov , and is one of the largest film and television production companies in the Russian market . As of 1992 , the company has produced or serviced over 400 film and television projects . The studio has worked with Sony Pictures Television International , Hallmark Entertainment , HBO Films , and Beacon Pictures . RWS offers a range of film production services as well as their own distribution department , which sells in-house film and TV series on the international market . The company 's film studios are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg .   At the end of 2007 RWS joined JSFC `` Sistema '' , the largest diversified holding company in Russia . This new partnership has allowed RWS to focus on three main areas of growth : studio facilities , including the expansion of the new St. Petersburg studio ; production , including the expansion and efficient use of the content library ; and distribution of content across current and emerging media platforms .

neg: Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance ( also known as Ghost Rider 2 ) is a 2011 American 3D supernatural superhero film based on the Marvel Comics antihero Ghost Rider . It is the stand-alone sequel to the 2007 film Ghost Rider and features Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze/Ghost Rider with supporting roles portrayed by Ciarán Hinds ( replacing Peter Fonda ) , Violante Placido , Johnny Whitworth , Christopher Lambert , and Idris Elba . The film was directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor , from a screenplay written by David S. Goyer , Scott M. Gimple and Seth Hoffman . Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance was released in theaters on February 17 , 2012 in 3D and 2D .   Critical reception was largely negative ; critics and fans criticized the script , CGI , and acting . Despite this , the film grossed more than $ 132 million against its $ 57 million budget . Nicolas Cage has said that he is `` done '' with the Ghost Rider films and a planned sequel was canceled . By May 2013 , the film rights to Ghost Rider had reverted to Marvel Studios and the Robbie Reyes version of Ghost Rider appears in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

neg: Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity .   In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually .   Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media .   These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .

neg: List of Criterion Collection UK releases This is a list of Criterion Collection Blu-ray titles released in U.K. , distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment .   The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company which specializes in licensing and selling `` important classic and contemporary films '' in `` editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning , original supplements . '' Janus Films and the Voyager Company established The Criterion Collection in 1984 as a privately held company concentrating upon the North American home video market . In March 2016 , Criterion announced that due to a distribution partnership with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment select Criterion Collection titles would be launching in U.K. as Blu-ray editions , starting on April 18 , 2016 .   So far all the released titles have been films that have already been released in US by Criterion Collection , or that have received simultaneous releases in the US and U.K. . So far all the released titles have been identical to their US counterparts apart from region coding ( A in the US and B in U.K. ) .

neg: Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .

neg: List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise .   The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot .   This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Stargate fandom Stargate fandom is a community of people actively interested in the military science fiction film Stargate and the television shows Stargate SG-1 ( SG1 ) , Stargate Infinity ( SGI ) , Stargate Atlantis ( SGA ) , Stargate Universe ( SGU ) and their spin offs . The first franchise release , Stargate ( 1994 ) spawned four television series successors , four movies ( two in production ) , a plethora of merchandise , and a massive franchise collectively known as the Stargate ( owned by Metro -- Goldwyn -- Mayer and aired by Syfy , which now owns television properties they previously held with Carolco Pictures ) .   Thanks to Stargate fandom , the franchise has spawned other media including books , television series , video games , comic books and audiobooks . These supplements to the film and series trilogies comprise another universe than the series and the film , and have resulted in significant development of the series ' fictional universe . These media kept the franchise going in the interim between the film and series trilogies . In 2008 , Stargate : The Ark of Truth and Continuum was released direct-to-DVD , which in total grossed over 21 million in the United States . In 2002 , the franchise 's first animated series , Stargate Infinity , was released as an introduction to the Expanded Universe . In 2004 , Stargate Atlantis was released as a spin off from Stargate SG-1 and a new Stargate spin-off series entitled Stargate Universe was released in the fall of 2009 .

neg: Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart .   Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative .   `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .

neg: Spider-Man (pinball) Spider-Man is a pinball machine designed by Steve Ritchie and manufactured by Stern Pinball that was first released in June 2007 . The table encompasses all three films in Sam Raimi 's Spider-Man trilogy , which in turn were based on the prior comics and television series .   In 2016 , the game was remanufactured as part of its `` Vault '' series of re-releases , this time with all the movie elements of the machine replaced with an Ultimate Spider-Man-based theme .

neg: Daddy's Home (film) Daddy 's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Brian Burns , Anders and John Morris . The film is about a mild-mannered step-father ( Will Ferrell ) who vies for the attention of his wife 's children ( Linda Cardellini ) when their real father ( Mark Wahlberg ) comes back .   The second collaboration between Ferrell and Wahlberg following the 2010 film The Other Guys , principal photography began on November 17 , 2014 in New Orleans , Louisiana . The film was released on December 25 , 2015 by Paramount Pictures , received mixed reviews and grossed more than $ 242 million worldwide .

neg: Daddy's Home 2 Daddy 's Home 2 is an upcoming American comedy film directed by Sean Anders , from a screenplay by Anders and John Morris . It stars Will Ferrell , Mark Wahlberg , Linda Cardellini , John Cena , John Lithgow and Mel Gibson . It is a sequel to the 2015 film Daddy 's Home .   It is scheduled to be released on November 10 , 2017 , by Paramount Pictures .

neg: The Things We Bury `` The Things We Bury '' is the eighth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they search for a hidden alien city , and discover secrets about their enemies . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by DJ Doyle and directed by Milan Cheylov .   Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by principal cast members Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , and Nick Blood . Hayley Atwell reprises her role from other MCU projects in flashbacks with connections to the television series Agent Carter and the films Captain America : The First Avenger and Captain America : The Winter Soldier .   `` The Things We Bury '' originally aired on ABC on November 18 , 2014 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.58 million viewers . The episode received a mostly positive critical response , with the episode 's flashback sequences , and the performance of MacLachlan , praised , but an issue of ` over-crowding ' of storylines was frequently brought up by critics .

neg: Avengers vs. X-Men Avengers vs. X-Men ( abbreviated AvX and AvsX ) is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The event , consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books , involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men . The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012 , and features a storyline by Jason Aaron , Brian Michael Bendis , Ed Brubaker , Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction , with a rotating team of artists including John Romita , Jr. , Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert .   The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series Avengers : X-Sanction by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and Avengers vs. X-Men # 0 . Avengers vs. X-Men also ties into the limited series AVX : VS , described as `` the fight book '' which expands upon many of the one-on-one battles featured in the main series , the digital series ; Avengers vs. X-Men : Infinite , and into a number of ongoing series including Avengers , Avengers Academy , New Avengers , Secret Avengers , Uncanny X-Men , Wolverine and the X-Men and X-Men : Legacy . The event was succeeded by the limited series AvX : Consequences .   Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , Avengers vs. X-Men was a commercial success that topped the comic-book sales charts from April to October 2012 . The repercussions of the storyline resulted in the new status quos of the Marvel Universe presented in the company 's Marvel NOW ! relaunch initiative .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: The Amazing Spider-Man (soundtrack) The Amazing Spider-Man : Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album to the 2012 film The Amazing Spider-Man composed by James Horner . which was released by Sony Classical .

neg: List of The Spectacular Spider-Man episodes The Spectacular Spider-Man is an American animated television series based on the Marvel Comics character , Spider-Man , and developed for television by Greg Weisman and Victor Cook . In terms of tone and style , the series is based principally on the original stories by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko , with a similar balance of action , drama and comedy as well as a high school setting . However , it also tends to utilize material from all eras of the comic 's run and other sources such as the film series and the Ultimate Spider-Man comics . The series premiered on March 8 , 2008 during the Kids ' WB programming block of The CW , and its second season aired on Disney XD in the United States , and ended its run on November 18 , 2009 . Throughout its run , The Spectacular Spider-Man was acclaimed by both critics and audiences . The entire series was broadcast in Canada on Teletoon .   Following the central theme of `` The Education of Peter Parker '' , the series is broken up into loose arcs , each consisting of three to four episodes that take place nearly a month within the series , with the episode titles in each arc adopting terms from specific fields of study . Both Season One and Two consist of 13 episodes .