query: The Himalayas has some of its mountains in Bhutan.

pos: Himalayas The Himalayas , or Himalaya , ( -LSB- ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə -RSB- or -LSB- hɪˈmɑːləjə -RSB- ) form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau .   The Himalayan range has many of the Earth 's highest peaks , including the highest , Mount Everest . The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding 7200 m in elevation , including ten of the fourteen 8000m peaks . By contrast , the highest peak outside Asia -- Aconcagua , in the Andes -- is 6961 m tall .   The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges , on the north by the Tibetan Plateau , and on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain . The Himalayas are distinct from the other great ranges of central Asia , although sometimes the term Himalaya is loosely used to include the Karakoram and some of the other ranges . The Himalayas are spread across five countries : Nepal , India , Bhutan , China and Pakistan , with the first three countries having sovereignty over most of the range . Some of the world 's major rivers , the Indus , the Ganges , and the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra , rise in the Himalayas , and their combined drainage basin is home to roughly 600 million people . The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia ; many Himalayan peaks are sacred in Hinduism and Buddhism .   Lifted by the subduction of the Indian tectonic plate under the Eurasian Plate , the Himalayan Mountain range runs , west-northwest to east-southeast , in an arc 2400 km long . Its western anchor , Nanga Parbat , lies just south of the northernmost bend of Indus river . Its eastern anchor , Namcha Barwa , is just west of the great bend of the Tsangpo river . The range varies in width from 400 km in the west to 150 km in the east .

neg: Tsurphu Monastery Tsurphu Monastery ( or Tölung Tsurphu ( , `` Tsurphu of Tölong '' ) is a gompa which serves as the traditional seat of the Karmapa , the head of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism . It is located in Gurum in Doilungdêqên District , Tibet Autonomous Region , China , 70 km from Lhasa .   The monastery is about 4300 m above sea level . It was built in the middle of the valley facing south with high mountains surrounding the complex .   Tsurphu is a 300 m2 complex with walls up to 4 m thick . The gompa , the traditional seat of the Karmapa lamas , is about 28 km up the Dowo Lung Valley on the north side of the river . The original walls of the main building were up to 4 meters thick and 300 meters on each side ( 90000 m2 ) . The monks ' residences were on the eastern side .

neg: Mountains of Bhutan The mountains of Bhutan are some of the most prominent natural geographic features of the kingdom . Located on the southern end of the Eastern Himalaya , Bhutan has one of the most rugged mountain terrains in the world , whose elevations range from 160 m to more than 7,000 m above sea level , in some cases within distances of less than 100 km of each other . Bhutan 's highest peak , at 7,554 m above sea level , is north-central Kula Kangri , close to the border with China ; the second highest peak , Jomolhari , overlooking the Chumbi Valley in the west , is 7,314 m above sea level ; nineteen other peaks exceed 7,000 m. Weather is extreme in the mountains : the high peaks have perpetual snow , and the lesser mountains and hewn gorges have high winds all year round , making them barren brown wind tunnels in summer , and frozen wastelands in winter . The blizzards generated in the north each winter often drift southward into the central highlands .   The mountains of Bhutan define its three main geographic zones : the Great Himalaya , the Lower Himalayan Range ( or Inner Himalaya ) , and the Sub-Himalayan Range . The snowcapped Great Himalaya in the north ranges from about 5,500 m to peaks of over 7,500 m above sea level , extending along the Bhutan-China border . The northern region consists of an arc of glaciated mountain peaks with an arctic climate at the highest elevations . Watered by snow-fed rivers , alpine valleys in this region provide pasturage for livestock tended by a sparse population of migratory shepherds . Spur-like mountain ranges of the Lower Himalaya , between 1,500 m and 5,500 m , run northwest to southeast in western Bhutan , and northeast to southwest in eastern Bhutan . These mountains , and especially their western valleys , make up the economic and cultural heart of the kingdom , including most of its dzongs . These mountainous areas are contrasted with the hilly Sub-Himalaya , with elevations of up to 1,500 m , and the lower Duars . Many lower mountain ranges are composed of coarse granite sandstone , while rocks at the highest elevations consist of gneiss among upheaved strata of mica and talcose slate . Many ranges are abundant in limestone .   Bhutan 's valleys are carved into the Himalaya by its rivers , fed by glacial melt and monsoon rains . Much of the Bhutanese population is concentrated in valleys and lowlands , separated by the rugged southward spurs of the Inner Himalaya . Despite modernization and development of transport in Bhutan , including a national highway system , travel from one valley to the next remains difficult . Western valleys are bound to the east by the Black Mountains in central Bhutan , which form a watershed between two major river systems , the Mo Chhu ( Sankosh River ) and the Drangme Chhu . Central valleys are separated from the east by the Donga Range . The more isolated mountain valleys protect several tiny , distinct cultural and linguistic groups .   Bhutan controls several strategic Himalayan mountain passes including routes between Tibet and Assam . These routes , being the only way into the kingdom , along with centuries-old policies of isolationism , have gained Bhutan the nickname `` Mountain Fortress of the Gods . '' Although the British established a protectorate over Bhutan and occupied its lowlands , the mountainous interior has never been successfully invaded .

neg: Phajoding Monastery Phajoding Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Bhutan .  Phajoding Monastery is a 3-hour hike from the nearest road and is located above Bhutan 's capital , Thimphu . It was once one of the richest and most decorated monasteries in the country however due to years of neglect and the encroachment of development , it was watch listed in 2010 by the World Monuments Fund as one of five endangered cultural monuments that need most help in the world .   The Phajoding monastery site was founded in the 13 th Century by Phajo Drugom Zhigpo ( 1184-1251 ) , the Tibetan lama who spread the Drukpa Kagyu teachings of Buddhism in Bhutan and known as the ` current of compassion ' . It is one of the most sacred meditational sites in Bhutan .  Most of the buildings at Phajoding however were constructed in 1748 by Gyelwa Shakya Rinchen ( 1710-1759 ) , the 9th Je Khenpo ( rje mkhan po ) who is considered to be the reincarnation of Rechungpa , the heart disciple of Milarepa . His reincarnation is currently studying at the Nalanda Buddhist Institute in Punakha in central Bhutan .   The Phajoding monastery has a devoted community of over 80 young , impoverished monks who faithfully carry on the spiritual traditions set down by the founder of this sacred site , Phajo Drugom Zhigpo . It also serves as a refuge for disadvantaged boys .   Over a half of these young monks do not receive the minimal Government stipend and coupled with the many more young boys from poor rural families wishing to join the Phajoding Monastic community , the monastery is unable to provide for their basic needs . Due to the limits on Government funding , it is impossible to increase Phajoding 's capacity to care for more disadvantaged young boys without external sponsorship .   Raising awareness of this sacred meditational site   The monks at this monastery have moved into the 21st Century and have embraced social media in a positive way to raise awareness of the financial needs at this monastery . Their project is known as `` The Phajoding Monastery Project '' . More information can be found on their website : www.phajodingmonastery.com   OR on the following social media links which they run :   Twitter : https://twitter.com/Phajoding   Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/PhajodingMonastery   Flickr : https://www.flickr.com/photos/phajodingproject/   PInterest : http://pinterest.com/phajoding/phajoding-monastery-project   The goals of their project are to :   provide compassionate care and education for orphaned and disadvantaged boys within a holistic curriculum .  provide for the basic needs of these boys ( including a sense of family and belonging )  model the importance of the values and actions of compassion , gifting , sharing and trust .   The project has gained a lot of support from within and outside Bhutan .   Category : Buddhist monasteries in Bhutan  Category : Tibetan Buddhist monasteries  Category : Tibetan Buddhism in Bhutan

neg: Singalila Ridge The Singalila Ridge is a north-south mountain ridge running from northwestern West Bengal through Sikkim in the Indian part of the Himalayas . The district of Ilam in Nepal falls on the western part of this ridge .   The ridge separates mountain ranges of West Bengal from other Himalayan ranges to its west . The two highest peaks of West Bengal , Sandakphu ( 3636 m ) and Phalut ( 3600 m ) are located on the ridge . The Singalila National Park encompasses the ridge . It is noted for its views of Kanchenjunga and Mount Everest . The trek from Manebhanjan to Sandakphu and Phalut is popular amongst adventure travelers , as is mountain biking .

neg: Nepa Kingdom Nepa ( also known as Nipa , Neepa ) was a mountainous kingdom mentioned in the ancient Sanskrit epic Mahabharata . Its modern equivalent is identified as Nepal , a country located in the mountainous terrain of the Himalayas .

neg: Jongkhar Jongkhar is a small town in southern Bhutan near the border with India .

neg: Gandaki River The Gandaki River ( also known as the Narayani in southern Nepal and the Gandak in India ) is one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India . In Nepal the river is notable for its deep gorge through the Himalayas and its enormous hydroelectric potential . It has a total catchment area of 46300 km2 , most of it in Nepal . The basin also contains three of the world 's 14 mountains over 8000 m , Dhaulagiri , Manaslu and Annapurna I. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin . It lies between the similar Kosi system to the east and the Karnali ( Ghaghara ) system to the west .

neg: 2009 Bhutan earthquake The 2009 Bhutan earthquake occurred at on September 21 in the eastern region of Bhutan with moment magnitude of 6.1 . The epicenter was situated at 180 km east of the capital Thimphu , in Monggar District . However , Bangladesh and northern India also felt it , with buildings in Guwahati , Assam , cracking up . The tremors were felt as far as Tibet .   At least eleven people are reported to have been killed -- seven in Bhutan , four in India . The death toll , initially ten , increased when one more died in the night . At least fifteen were wounded . Many of the deaths in Bhutan came about when their houses fell in on top of them . The Indians were construction workers whose road fell through .   One businessman said the earthquake happened as shopping was underway for the Blessed Rainy Day ceremony of Buddhism . Another inhabitant said it `` made the surrounding hills look like they were throwing up dust '' and that `` the road was suddenly filled with boulders and mud '' . Thousands are living outdoors as a result . Children were crushed under structures as they caved in . Roads were blocked but these were cleaned up relatively quickly . Monasteries were also struck . People ran for their lives out of their homes .

neg: Hari Ram Hari Ram was a pundit who explored the region around Mount Everest in 1871-1872 . At first he was not allowed to enter Tibet , but his luck changed when he met a district official whose wife was ill . He examined her , checked his medical book for a disease with similar symptoms , and gave her some pills . To his own surprise , the woman recovered , and from then he found relatively little difficulty in travelling on . He gave a frightening account of his trip along the Bhote Koshi river :   He followed the general course of the Bhotia-Kosi River , which he was obliged to cross fifteen times within twenty-five miles -LSB- 40 km -RSB- . At one place the river ran in a gigantic chasm , the sides of which were so close to one another that a bridge of 24 paces was sufficient to span it . Near this bridge the precipices were so impractible that the path had to be supported on iron pegs let into the face of the rock - the path being formed by bars of iron and slabs of stone stretching from peg to peg and covered with earth . This extraordinary path is in no place more than eighteen inches -LSB- 460 mm -RSB- , and often not more than nine inches -LSB- 230 mm -RSB- in width , and is carried for more than a third of a mile -LSB- 500 m -RSB- along the face of the cliff , at some 1,500 feet -LSB- 500 m -RSB- above the river , which could be seen roaring below in its narrow bed . The Pundit , who has seen much difficult ground in the Himalayas , says he never in his life met anything to equal this bit of path . ( report of Montgomerie to the Royal Geographical Society )   During his voyage , Hari Ram had opened up 30,000 square miles ( 78,000 km ² ) of virtually unknown territory . He had travelled all the way around Mount Everest , but because other mountains stood in between , he never actually saw it . On a second journey , Hari Ram traversed northern Nepal from west to east .   Ram , Hari

neg: Bhutan News Service Bhutan News Service , abbreviated as BNS , is the first news agency of Bhutan . It is run as an independent news agency by Bhutanese refugee journalists since 2004 from Kathmandu , the capital city of Nepal . This is , probably , first of its kind considering a very few refugee media or journalism in exile . The agency is solely operated by refugees who are mostly born or brought up in refugee camps and without previous media experiences .   When over 100,000 of Bhutanese refugees started taking shelter in UN-administered refugee camps of Jhapa and Morang districts in eastern part of Nepal , there was a need of a vocal media in the refugee community . Several attempts were made by persons of various backgrounds to keep the journalism works going . However , survival of those media was not easy due to lack of funding , and they died one after the other .   The Bhutan News Service was founded in 2004 by a small group of Bhutanese refugee youths , who during the time believed that journalism was a noble means to keep community informed and continue advocating the refugee issue . Most of the exiled publications were shut down , in particular following crunch financial assistance and or due to lack of human resources to continue volunteering without anything in return . Therefore , the news service emerged in as an alternative means to replace most of those publications , if not all . Initially , the works were limited to simply blogging . From 2006 , BNS went online through its own news portal .   ″ APFA initiated a joint effort for press freedom and called on two other media organizations working for press freedom in Bhutan and operating in exile . Thus a conference was held in eastern Nepal making a historic declaration vowing to expedite fight for press freedom . The first media conference adopted `` Declaration Dé Exile '' . The declaration also accepted the APFA proposal to accept Bhutan News Service as the common and first news agency of Bhutan , but operating from exile . ″   Currently , around two dozens of reporters and over half a dozen of editors from various countries contribute for the news service on voluntary basis . The news agency has not been legally registered since Nepalese laws do not entertain registration of any entity owned and run by foreign nationals in Nepalese soil .   ″ Unfortunately , we are not a registered entity yet . While most of our members were based in the capital city of Nepal for years , we made several attempts to get it registered in Nepal , but to no avail . We are , however , in the course of getting it registered preferably in USA since most of our members are based there and a vast majority of the Bhutanese have gotten resettled in the same place . ″

neg: Mechi Zone Mechi ( -LSB- : ne : मेची अञ्चल , मेची अञ्चल -RSB- is one of the fourteen zones of Nepal , comprising four districts ; namely Ilam , Jhapa , Panchthar and Taplejung . Its headquarters are at Ilam . It comes under the Eastern Development Region of Nepal . The Indian state of Bihar is to the south and Tibet to the north . The largest town is Damak in the Terai . The majority of the population in Mechi are Kirantis ( Limbu and Rai ) and other ethnic groups like Koche and Meche , and hill castes like Bahun and Chhetris .   Mechi is divided into four districts :   Among the four districts , Jhapa is in the Terai and it is more developed than the other three districts . Ilam and Panchthar are in the hilly region . Ilam is also in a developing stage . Ilam is naturally very beautiful , with many tourists visiting Ilam annually . Kanyam is popular for its tea garden . At Antu the rising sun can be viewed . Panchthar is the least developed of the four districts . Taplejung is in the mountainous zone .   There are two airports within Mechi : one in Bhadrapur and one in Taplejung .

neg: Goalpara region Goalpara region , largely congruous to the historical undivided Goalpara district , is a region that is associated with the people and culture of Goalpara . It is bounded on the north by Bhutan , on the east by the Kamrup region , in the south by Meghalaya and in the west by Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri in West Bengal and Rangpur in Bangladesh . The natural landmarks are : Sankosh and Brahmaputra rivers on the west , the Manas river on the east in the north bank , and a corresponding region in the south bank ; the Garo Hills in the south and Bhutan Hills in the north .

neg: Lhuntse District Lhuntse District ( Dzongkha : ལ ན ར ར ང ཁག ; Wylie : Lhun-rtse rdzong-khag ; previously `` Lhuntshi '' ) is one of the 20 dzongkhag ( districts ) comprising Bhutan . It consists of 2506 households . Located in the northeast , Lhuntse is one of the least developed dzhongkhags of Bhutan . There are few roads , the first gas station was opened in September 2005 , electricity is not well distributed , and the difficult terrain makes distribution of social welfare problematic . Despite its favourable climate , farming is hindered by the lack of infrastructure .

neg: Rajrambha Rajrambha is the name of a Himalayan mountain peak , situated in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand state of India . It means ` celestial nymph ' ( Apsara ) in Hindi . This peak is situated south of the Kalabaland Glacier in eastern Kumaun in the Ralam valley . The summit of the peak is 6,537 m . The nearby peaks which form the north-south massif are Suitilla 6,373 m , Chaudhara 6,510 m , and Ngalaphu 6,410 m.   Rajrambha forms a wall between Lasser Yankti and Ralam Valley . It can be approached through the Uttari Balati glacier passing the Balati plateau . Dhakar or Tidang is the base camp from where one can climb the Rajrambha peak ( 6537m ) . Dhakar is near Tawaghat in Pithoragarh district as the last motorable station on the way .   On the mountain peak , several alpine flowers can be found including , Iris kumaonenis , Primula macrophylla and lillium oxypetalum .

neg: Bhojpur, Nepal Bhojpur Municipality is a town in Eastern Nepal . It was established on 18 May 2014 merging the existing Bhaisipankha , Bokhim , Bhojpur , Taksar Village Development Committees It is the district headquarters of Bhojpur district , a hilly/mountainous district in Kosi Zone . At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5823 people living in 1199 households .   Bhojpur bazaar is home to many Newar businessmen as well as skilled Newar craftsmen , and is famous for its metalwork , particularly khukuri knives . Other major towns in the district include Dingla to the north , Ghoretar to the south , and Taksar near the airstrip , from where flights connect to Biratnagar and Kathmandu . A road is currently under construction to link Bhojpur bazaar with Hile , Dhankuta , Dharan , and the rest of Nepal 's North-South Koshi Highway .   Historically it is a part of Majh Kirat ( middle Kirat / Khambuwan ) , and used to be called `` east number 4 '' . Middle Kirat consists mainly of Bhojpur and Khotang districts , the traditional home of kirat Rai people , an indigenous ethnic group of Nepal . In addition to Rais , other ethnic groups include Magars , Gurungs , and Tamangs , as well as castes like Chhetris , Bahuns , and Dalits .   Bhojpur was recently the site of a major incident involving Maoist rebels and the Nepali national security forces on March 3 , 2004 . An estimated 1,500 Maoists attacked the camps of the security forces at the district headquarters . This incident was the most serious one since the Maoists called off the cease-fire on August 24 , 2003 . 32 security personnel were killed ( both army and police ) , as well as 42 Maoists rebels , including some women . The telephone tower and the buildings of the District Administrative Office were completely destroyed , while those buildings housing the District Land Revenue Office , Rashtriya Banijya Bank and some private houses were partially destroyed .   Tensions between Maoists and security forces emerged in February 2001 when the Bhojpur VDC headquarters were destroyed . The Khumbuwan Liberation Front ( KLF ) , destroyed the 250-kilowatt micro-hydropower project built by the Chinese on the Pikhuwa river on January 26 , 2002 . On April 18 , 2002 , a group of 50-60 rebels destroyed the airport tower by breaking through the gate of the tower , setting it ablaze by pouring kerosene , and destroying important devices by hurling a powerful bomb . Several minor skirmishes had also occurred in northern areas of the district , leading up to the deadly clash in March 2004 .

neg: Tourism in Uttarakhand Uttarakhand is a state in North Indian region of Himalayas . The state is popularly known as Devbhumi ( land of Gods ) due to the presence of numerous Hindu pilgrimage sites . As a result , religious tourism forms a major portion of the tourism in the state . The tourism business in Uttarakhand generated 23,000 crores during 2013-14 , however due to 2013 North Indian Floods , it is expected to witness a 70 % fall to 6,900 crores during 2014-15 .

neg: Bhutan People's Unity Party The Bhutan People 's Unity Party , also called Druk People 's Unity Party ( PUP ) , is a former Bhutanese political party . It was founded by regional and national cadres ( chimi and Royal Advisory Councilors ) serving in Bhutan 's pre-democratic government . Led by former minister ( assemblyman ) Yeshey Zimba , BPUP then merged with the stronger All People 's Party ( APP ) , headed by former and future prime minister Jigme Y. Thinley ; the two parties unified as the Druk phuensum Tshogpa on July 25 , 2007 . Both the BPUP and APP had been registered with the Election Commission .   The BPUP was briefly revived as a breakaway faction from September to November 2007 under the leadership of Sigay Dorji since its looking for well advanced party candidates in term of age and qualified enough to serve the three jewel like they did in their term . In November 2007 , the Election Commission rejected the BPUP 's registration , preventing its candidates from participating in Bhutan 's first partisan election . Amid allegations that over 75 % of the BPUP 's membership consisted of school dropouts , the Election Commission found the party lacked `` credible leadership of the calibre that is needed to run and manage the affairs of the nation or even the management of the group itself , '' and that it lacked `` the capacity to fulfill ... national aspirations , visions , and goals . '' The elimination of the BPUP reduced the anticipated two-stage electoral process into a single-election contest . The BPUP again merged with the Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party after the Election Commission prevented the it from registering under the new constitutional framework .

neg: Joydeep Sircar Joydeep Sircar ( born 1947 ) is a mountaineer and mountain historian . In 1979 , he published his Himalayan handbook , an index of all the-then named peaks of 6096 meters ( 20000 feet ) and above in Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent , giving chronological entries of expeditions up to 1975 to each peak with a brief summary of results and references to expedition reports , after a decade of solitary research . He was inspired in this formidable undertaking by the pronouncement of the late Soli S. Mehta , Hony . Local Secretary of The Himalayan Club , that the task had never been attempted before and was well-nigh impossible . This book , introduced by the famous British mountaineer-explorer J. O. M. Roberts , one of Sircar 's idols , was the first one of its kind . Printed in 500 copies only , it received excellent international notices and became a basic reference resource .   In 1982 , Sircar was the first to suspect and draw public attention to the covert competition between India and Pakistan over the Siachen Glacier and coined the term Oropolitics to describe the use of mountaineering expeditions as a cloak for establishing territorial claims . His essay on this topic was published in abbreviated form in an article in The Telegraph newspaper of Calcutta . The full essay titled `` Oropolitics '' came out in Himalaya Sameeksha , a limited circulation magazine published by Kamala Mukherjee in Calcutta , and was subsequently reprinted in the prestigious Alpine Journal of London in 1984 . . India sent troops into the Siachen Glacier the same year .   Sircar surmised the existence of a feasible pass in Himachal Pradesh , India on the Himalayan divide between Kullu and Spiti Districts . He led three expeditions to the high range separating the Upper Parvati valley from the unexplored Debsa Glacier in 1992 , 1993 and 1995 . The Debsa Pass ( 5340 metres ) , named by him , was reached in 1993 and crossed on 21 September 1995 , and the team descended the unexplored West Debsa Glacier and followed the Debsa stream to the Parahio Valley and from there to the Spiti Valley . The pass has become a regular route as it saves 2 -- 3 days over the traditional Kullu-Spiti route by the Pin Parvati Pass ( 5319 metres ) .   Sircar has taken part in a number of other mountaineering expeditions , likes travelling to remote places , and is a poet , essayist , and wildlifer . He drew the attention of the Bombay Natural History Society in 2001 to the presence of large numbers of the endangered Bar-Headed Goose at Gharana Wetland Reserve , Jammu , which eventually led to this neglected sanctuary on the Indo-Pak border being classified as an Important Bird Area   He is also avidly interested in history and military matters , particularly aviation , and was the first to compose a brief biography of the World War II Beaufighter ace Flying Officer A.M.O. Pring , DFM , a childhood hero who flew and died in combat defending Calcutta from Japanese air attack and is buried at Calcutta . He followed this up with an expanded essay called Sergeant Pring and the Calcutta Hurricane in which an outline biography of Maurice Pring is combined with the pioneering study of a rare and little-known night-fighter , the Hawker Hurricane II C ( NF ) equipped with the pilot-operated AI Mark VI radar . Both essays have won praise from aviation cognoscenti.He has followed these pieces up with an article conclusively demonstrating that the Hurricane II C ( NF ) was , in fact , the first radar-equipped single-seater night-fighter . A selection of his English poetry is available in Poemhunter   In a recent article , Sircar has claimed to have solved the mystery of the Lake of No Return , Myanmar , which he visited in 2002 .

neg: South Asia South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia .   The current territories of Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Maldives , Nepal , India , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka form the countries of South Asia . The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia .   South Asia covers about 5.1 million km2 ( 1.9 million mi2 ) , which is 11.51 % of the Asian continent or 3.4 % of the world 's land surface area . The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion or about one fourth of the world 's population , making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world . Overall , it accounts for about 39.49 % of Asia 's population ( or over 24 % of the world 's population ) and is home to a vast array of peoples .   In 2010 , South Asia had the world 's largest population of Hindus , Jains and Sikhs . There are 507 million Muslims as well as over 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists in South Asia .

neg: Military history of Bhutan The military history of Bhutan begins with the Battle of Five Lamas in 1634 , marking Bhutan 's emergence as a nation under the secular and religious leadership of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal . Before Bhutan emerged as a separate nation , it remained on the periphery of Tibetan military and political influence . The region that became Bhutan was host to several battles and waves of refugees from turmoil in Tibet . After its founding , Bhutan was invaded numerous times by outside forces , namely Tibetans , Mongols , and the British . Bhutan meanwhile invaded its traditional tributaries in Sikkim , Cooch Behar , and the Duars .   Bhutan effectively ceased all international military hostilities in 1865 under the Treaty of Sinchula after its defeat by the British Empire . Under the terms of the subsequent Treaty of Punakha in 1910 , Bhutan effectively became a British protectorate . Bhutan has maintained this status with India under Bhutan -- India relations since 1949 , and has modernly engaged only in limited domestic operations against Indian separatist groups .


query: The Voice is a singing competition.

pos: The Voice (U.S. TV series) The Voice is an American reality television singing competition broadcast on NBC . Based on the original The Voice of Holland , the concept of the series is to find currently unsigned singing talent ( solo or duets , professional and amateur ) contested by aspiring singers , age 13 or over , drawn from public auditions . The winner is determined by television viewers voting by telephone , Internet , SMS text , and iTunes Store purchases of the audio-recorded artists ' vocal performances . They receive US$ 100,000 and a record deal with Universal Music Group for winning the competition . The winners of the twelve seasons have been : Javier Colon , Jermaine Paul , Cassadee Pope , Danielle Bradbery , Tessanne Chin , Josh Kaufman , Craig Wayne Boyd , Sawyer Fredericks , Jordan Smith , Alisan Porter , Sundance Head , and Chris Blue .   The series employs a panel of four coaches who critique the artists ' performances and guide their teams of selected artists through the remainder of the season . They also compete to ensure that their act wins the competition , thus making them the winning coach . Members of the coaching panel include Adam Levine , Blake Shelton , Christina Aguilera ( seasons 1 -- 3 , 5 , 8 , 10 ) , CeeLo Green ( seasons 1 -- 3 , 5 ) , Shakira ( season 4 , 6 ) , Usher ( season 4 , 6 ) , Gwen Stefani ( season 7 , 9 , 12 ) , Pharrell Williams ( seasons 7 -- 10 ) , Miley Cyrus ( season 11 ) , and Alicia Keys ( seasons 11 -- 12 ) .   The Voice began airing on April 26 , 2011 , as a spring TV season program . The show proved to be a hit for NBC and was subsequently expanded into the fall cycle when season three premiered on September 10 , 2012 . The series premiered its twelfth season on February 27 , 2017 . On October 18 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series through its thirteenth season . On May 10 , 2017 , NBC renewed the series for a fourteenth series , along with announcing Jennifer Hudson as a new coach in the thirteenth season . The following day , it was announced that Kelly Clarkson would be a new coach in the fourteenth season , sitting alongside Adam Levine , Blake Shelton , and Jennifer Hudson .

neg: The Voice (India season 2) The second season of the The Voice , the Indian reality talent show , premiered on 10 December 2016 and concluded on 12 March 2017 , with Farhan Sabir being crowned as the winner . The reality series is produced by Urban Brew Studios for & TV .

neg: Country Music Association The Country Music Association ( CMA ) was founded in 1958 in Nashville , Tennessee . It originally consisted of only 233 members and was the first trade organization formed to promote a music genre . The objectives of the organization are to guide and enhance the development of Country Music throughout the world ; to demonstrate it as a viable medium to advertisers , consumers , and media ; and to provide a unity of purpose for the Country Music industry . However the CMA may be best known to most country music fans for its annual Country Music Association Awards broadcast live on network television each fall ( usually October or November ) .   Initially , CMA 's Board of Directors included nine directors and five officers . Wesley Rose , president of Acuff-Rose Publishing , Inc. , served as CMA 's first chairman of the board . Broadcasting entrepreneur and executive Connie B. Gay was the founding president .   Originally there were nine individual membership categories . The current 15 categories represent all facets of the music industry . Organizational memberships are also available . CMA membership is composed of those persons or organizations that are involved in Country Music , directly and substantially .   The first CMA Awards ceremony was held in 1967 in Nashville . Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry hosted the event , which was not televised . The winner of the first `` Entertainer of the Year '' award was singer Eddy Arnold . `` Male Vocalist of the Year '' went to Jack Greene and `` Female Vocalist of the Year '' to Loretta Lynn .   In 1968 , Roy Rogers and Dale Evans hosted the awards , which were presented at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville . ( The ceremony was filmed and televised on NBC a few weeks later . ) The first live telecast of the show was in 1969 .   Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories : Entertainer of the Year , Male Vocalist , Female Vocalist , New Artist of the Year ( formerly the Horizon Award ) , Vocal Group , Vocal Duo , Single , Album , Song , Music Event , Music Video , and Musician .   The CMA also gives a `` CMA Broadcast Award '' to country-formatted radio stations each year . Broadcast Awards are segmented based on market size , major market ( Arbitron Ranking 1 -- 25 ) , large market ( Arbitron Ranking 26 -- 50 ) , medium market ( Arbitron Ranking 51 -- 100 ) , and small market ( All other Markets ) . A single station can not win the award in consecutive years .   In honor of the association 's 50th anniversary , MCA Nashville released a song called `` Forever Country '' .

neg: Born to Be a Star (TV series) Born to Be a Star is a singing talent-reality competition produced by TV5 and Viva Entertainment group . It is one of the first programs of TV5 partnered with the Viva group . The program started on February 6 , 2016 and aired every Sunday nights on the same channel .   The idea was concepted by TV5 Entertainment Chief Strategist Vic del Rosario . Ironically in 2010 , del Rosario plan to launched BTBAS with Sarah Geronimo and Willie Revillame as hosts .   Ogie Alcasid , Mark Bautista and Yassi Pressman served as the show 's main hosts , while OPM hitmakers Aiza Seguerra , Andrew E. , Pops Fernandez and Rico Blanco will sit-in as the judges of the singing competition open for aspiring 13 to 18-year-old singers .   The grand winner of the competition will take home a total of 3 million pesos prizes including 1 million peso cash prize , a management contract from TV5 and Viva Artists Agency and a House and Lot .   According to Monti Parungao , the show 's director , the contestants will have to pass the two pre-audition processes before they will make it in the competition . In the weekly rounds , four contestants will be introduced per week and in the beginning of the performance , the program tackled the stories ( or makings of a star ) of the contestants before joining the competition . The winner of the weekly round will undergo make-over sessions and vocal lessons . All winners of the weekly rounds will be qualified for the monthly round , of which one contestant will then move on to the grand finals .   The grand finals of Born to be a Star is scheduled on May 29 , 2016 .

neg: La Voix La Voix is a francophone Canadian reality talent show as part of the international television series franchise The Voice , based on the original Dutch version of the program created by John de Mol . The series is part of The Voice franchise and is based on a similar competition format in The Netherlands entitled The Voice of Holland . The series is structured as three phases : blind auditions , battle rounds and live performance shows . In 2016 , la Voix also launched a separate series for younger contestants called La Voix Junior .

neg: Volti Volti is a 20-person professional vocal ensemble based in San Francisco . The group was founded by Robert Geary in 1979 as the San Francisco Chamber Singers . Beginning with an all-Bach program , the group quickly moved on to the more contemporary works that have shaped its mission ever since : `` to foster and showcase contemporary American music and composers , and to introduce contemporary vocal music from around the world to local audiences . '' When the group turned 25 in 2003-2004 , it changed its name to Volti - a reference to the Italian musical instruction `` volti subito '' meaning `` turn quickly . ''   Volti regularly performs two to three concert series each season in venues throughout the Bay Area . Volti has appeared at the Switchboard and SoundWave festivals of new music , and has collaborated with many Bay Area new music groups . In addition , Volti sponsors the Choral Arts Laboratory , a commissioning and residency program for American composers under age 35 , and the Choral Institute for high school students . In 2009 Volti became the first choir ever to have been awarded the Chorus America/ASCAP Award for Adventurous Programming six times . 2009 also marked the choir 's 30th anniversary . Volti has released two CDs on the innova label : `` Turn the Page '' and `` House of Voices . '' A third , `` This is what happened , '' will be released in January 2017 .

neg: Voice (grammar) In grammar , the voice of a verb , also called diathesis -LSB- daɪˈæθəsɪs -RSB- and ( rarely ) the gender of a verb , describes the relationship between the action ( or state ) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments ( subject , object , etc. ) . When the subject is the agent or doer of the action , the verb is in the active voice . When the subject is the patient , target or undergoer of the action , the verb is said to be in the passive voice .   For example , in the sentence :   The cat ate the mouse .   the verb `` ate '' is in the active voice . However , in the sentence :   The mouse was eaten by the cat .   the verbal phrase `` was eaten '' is passive .   In the sentence :   The hunter killed the bear .   the verb `` killed '' is in the active voice , and the doer of the action is the `` hunter '' .  A passive version of the sentence is :   The bear was killed by the hunter .   where the verbal phrase `` was killed '' is followed by the word `` by '' and then by the doer `` hunter '' .   In a transformation from an active-voice clause to an equivalent passive-voice construction , the subject and the direct object switch grammatical roles . The direct object gets promoted to subject , and the subject demoted to an ( optional ) complement . In the first example above , the mouse serves as the direct object in the active-voice version , but becomes the subject in the passive version . The subject of the active-voice version , the cat , becomes part of a prepositional phrase in the passive version of the sentence , and can be left out entirely .

neg: Chicago a cappella Chicago a cappella is a creative enterprise devoted to furthering the art of singing together without instruments .   An ensemble of professional singers founded in 1993 by Jonathan Miller , Chicago a cappella presents an annual Chicago-area subscription series , creates studio recordings as well as live and broadcast-media musical content , and gives performances on tour and in special engagements . Long recognized for vocal virtuosity and innovative programming , the ensemble enjoys a reputation as a leader in the choral field .   With more than 325 concerts to its credit , Chicago a cappella has produced more than 200 performances on its Chicago-based series . On tour , the group has appeared in 11 American states and in Mexico . The ensemble has been heard frequently on WFMT radio and through broadcasts distributed by American Public Media , including the highly regarded Performance Today . The ensemble has produced eight CD recordings of music ranging from Renaissance masses to contemporary works .   From its inception , Chicago a cappella has been a champion of living composers . Since 1993 the group has presented more than 100 works in their world , national , or local premiere . Chicago a cappella has commissioned new music from composers such as Joseph Jennings , Chen Yi , Stacy Garrop , Rollo Dilworth , Tania León , and Ezequiel Viñao .

neg: The Voice of Germany The Voice of Germany is a German reality talent show that premiered on 24 November 2011 on ProSieben and Sat .1 . Based on the reality singing competition The Voice of Holland , the series was created by the Dutch television producer John de Mol . It is part of The Voice , an international series .

neg: I Am a Singer (Chinese TV series) I Am a Singer is a Chinese version of the Korean reality show I Am a Singer and it is broadcast on Hunan Television . Seven talented , veteran Chinese singers perform for a selected audience , which votes to eliminate one singer after each week 's performance . The following week , another singer joins the competition , and the lineup of artists varies throughout the course of the show .   The program ended its first season on 12 April 2013 , its second season on 4 April 2014 , its third season on 27 March 2015 , and its fourth season on April 8 , 2016 . Starting with the fifth season , the program 's name was changed to `` Singer '' , and the rules of the competition was changed to eliminate a singer in each episode .

neg: The Voice of Switzerland The Voice of Switzerland is the Swiss format of the popular TV reality series The Voice created by the executive producer of Fear Factor , John de Mol.The series premiered in 2013 on the German language channel SRF 1 . The series is in the Swiss German language.The hosts of the series were Sven Epiney , Viola Tami and Tanya König.The coaches of the were Stress , Marc Sway , Philipp Fankhauser and Stefanie Heinzmann . The first season which premiered in 2013 , was won by Nicole Bernegger and the second and final season which premiered in 2014 , was won by Tiziana Gulino .

neg: The Voice of the Philippines (season 2) The second season of The Voice of the Philippines was a reality singing competition in ABS-CBN which started airing on October 26 , 2014 . apl.de.ap , Lea Salonga , Sarah Geronimo , and Bamboo Mañalac returned as coaches for this season . Toni Gonzaga also returned to host the show ; she was also joined by The Voice Kids host , Luis Manzano . Robi Domingo and Alex Gonzaga also returned to reprise their roles as the show 's V-reporters .   The show aired every Saturdays 8:45 p.m. ( PST ) and Sundays at 8:30 p.m. ( PST ) .   On March 1 , 2015 , Jason Dy of Team Sarah won the competition , beating Alisah Bonaobra of Team apl .

neg: Part (music) A part ( or voice ) is a strand or melody of music played by an individual instrument or voice ( or group of identical instruments or voices ) within a larger work . Parts may be referred to as an outer part ( the top and bottom parts ) or an inner part ( those in between ) . Part-writing ( or voice leading ) is the composition of parts in consideration of harmony and counterpoint . In the context of polyphonic composition the term voice may be used instead of part to denote a single melodic line or textural layer . The term is generic , and is not meant to imply that the line should necessarily be vocal in character , instead referring to instrumentation or simply to register .   Allen Forte defines a voice thus :   Codex Calixtinus ( 12th century ) contains the earliest extant decipherable part music .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only .   Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category .   These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . ''   According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . ''   Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .

neg: The Voice of Armenia The Voice of Armenia ( Armenian : Հայաստանի Ձայնը pronounced Hayastani Dzayne ) is an Armenian television singing competition created by John de Mol . The first season was broadcast on Armenia TV . The show premiered in late 2012 continuing to 2013 . The rules of the show are based on The Voice of Holland and The Voice ( U.S. ) and include blind auditions ( in Armenian Կույր լսումներ ) , ` wild card ' round , battle phase ( in Armenian Մենամարտ ) , and live rounds ( in Armenian Գալա համերգներ ) .   The Voice of Armenia is open not only to artists from Armenia , but also to Armenians from the Armenian diaspora including Russia .

neg: The Voice of Germany (season 5) The Voice of Germany ( season 5 ) is a German reality talent show that premiered on 15 October 2015 on ProSieben and Sat .1 . Based on the reality singing competition The Voice of Holland , the series was created by Dutch television producer John de Mol . It is part of an international series . Stefanie Kloß Rea Garvey and Michi & Smudo returned as coaches for season 5 . while Andreas Bourani was a new coach for season 5 . Thore Schölermann Returned as Host for season 5 . Lena Gercke was the co host . The season was won by Jamie-Lee Kriewitz , who had already performed The Hanging Tree , which was her song at the blind auditions , for Jennifer Lawrence at the The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 premiere in Berlin .

neg: List of baritones in non-classical music The baritone voice is typically written in the range from the second G # below middle C to the G # above middle C ( G # 2-G # 4 ) although it can be extended at either end . However , the baritone voice is determined not only by its vocal range , but also by its timbre , which tends to be darker than that of the typical tenor voice .   The term baritone was developed in relation to classical and operatic voices , where the classification is based not merely on the singer 's vocal range but also on the tessitura and timbre of the voice . For classical and operatic singers , their voice type determines the roles they will sing and is a primary method of categorization . In non-classical music , singers are primarily defined by their genre and their gender and not by their vocal range . When the terms soprano , mezzo-soprano , contralto , tenor , baritone , and bass are used as descriptors of non-classical voices , they are applied more loosely than they would be to those of classical singers and generally refer only to the singer 's perceived vocal range .   Successful non-classical baritones display a wide range of vocal qualities and effects that lend a unique character to their voices , many of which are considered undesirable in the operatic or classical baritone singer , such as `` breathy '' ( Jim Reeves ) , `` crooning '' ( Ville Valo ) , `` growling '' ( Neil Diamond ) , and even `` ragged '' ( Bruce Springsteen ) .   The following is a list of singers in various music genres and styles ( most of which can be found on the List of popular music genres ) who have been described as baritones . Additionally , the bands that they have been lead singers of appear in parentheses .

neg: Côr Cymru Côr Cymru is a Welsh TV competition searching for the best choir in Wales , and airing every 2 years on S4C . The first series was presented by Aled Jones and Heledd Cynwal in 2003 , but subsequent series have been fronted by Nia Roberts and Gareth Owen .   The show sees choirs competing against each other in knockout-style semi finals in five different categories ( female voice , male voice , mixed , youth ( 16 -- 25 years ) , and children 's choirs ) . The winners in each category then compete in the live final for the grand title of `` Choir of Wales '' .   Despite a similar show being developed by the BBC in the form of Last Choir Standing , S4C recently revealed Côr Cymru returned for a brand new series in 2009 .   Facilities supplied by The Barcud Derwen Group .

neg: The Voice of Vietnam The Voice of Vietnam ( Vietnamese : Giọng hát Việt ) is a reality television singing competition created by John de Mol . It premiered in Vietnam in July 2012 on Vietnam Television . The format is Dutch and the original Dutch version of the programme was broadcast in the Netherlands for the first time in 2010 as The Voice of Holland . The programme was commissioned after a successful first season in the U.S. , where the programme aired on NBC domestically and AXN Asia regionally . It is produced by Cát Tiên Sa .

neg: Superstar (Brazilian TV series) Superstar ( also stylized SuperStar ) is a Brazilian live reality television singing competition airing on Rede Globo . Based on the Israeli singing competition Rising Star , the series was created by Keshet Media Group and developed by Screenz Cross Media LTD. .   The show 's format lets viewers vote for contestants via mobile apps . The winner is entitled to a R$ 500.000 prize , a new Ford Ka and a recording contract with Som Livre .   The Brazilian version only allows bands or groups to compete , not solo artists and duos , to avoid clashing with The Voice Brasil ( also produced and broadcast by Rede Globo during the Southern Hemisphere spring ) .   The series premiered on April 6 , 2014 . On June 2014 , Rede Globo renewed the show for a second season .

neg: Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .


query: Anne Hathaway won an award.

pos: Anne Hathaway Anne Jacqueline Hathaway ( born November 12 , 1982 ) is an American actress and singer . Born in Brooklyn , New York and brought up in Millburn , New Jersey , Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress . She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real ( 1999 -- 2000 ) , before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries ( 2001 ) , for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy . Hathaway went on to become a widely praised `` role model for children '' for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , Ella Enchanted ( 2004 ) , The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , and Hoodwinked ! ( 2005 ) .   Hathaway began to transition to more adult roles in 2005 , winning a DVD Exclusive Award for Best Actress for Havoc ( 2005 ) , receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role in the critically acclaimed Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , garnering further recognition for appearing alongside Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) , and earning a BIFA nomination for Best Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Jane Austen in Becoming Jane ( 2007 ) . Hathaway received praise for her performance as a recovering drug addict in Rachel Getting Married ( 2008 ) , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , and Indie Spirit Awards for Best Actress / Female Lead . She went on to win her second Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy for starring in Bride Wars ( 2009 ) and in 2010 , appeared in the box office hits Valentine 's Day , Alice in Wonderland and Love & Other Drugs , which earned her the Satellite Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical .   In 2011 , Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco , which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program . In 2012 , she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Rises , for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she starred as Fantine in Tom Hooper 's Les Misérables , which earned her widespread acclaim and she won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and SAG Awards for Best Supporting Actress . Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2 ( 2014 ) , Interstellar ( 2014 ) , The Intern ( 2015 ) , and reprised her role as the White Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) .   People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001 , and she appeared on its list of the world 's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006 . Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri , Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012 , with whom she has one son , born in March 2016 .

neg: Aurealis Award for best young adult novel The Aurealis Awards are presented annually by the Australia-based Chimaera Publications and WASFF to published works to `` recognise the achievements of Australian science fiction , fantasy , horror writers '' . To qualify , a work must have been first published by an Australian citizen or permanent resident between 1 January and 31 December of the corresponding year ; the presentation ceremony is held the following year . It has grown from a small function of around 20 people to a two-day event attended by over 200 people .   Since their creation in 1995 , awards have been given in various categories of speculative fiction . Categories currently include science fiction , fantasy , horror , speculative young adult fiction -- with separate awards for novels and short fiction -- collections , anthologies , illustrative works or graphic novels , children 's books , and an award for excellence in speculative fiction . The awards have attracted the attention of publishers by setting down a benchmark in science fiction and fantasy . The continued sponsorship by publishers such as HarperCollins and Orbit has added weight to the honour of the award .   The results are decided by a panel of judges from a list of submitted nominees ; the long-list of nominees is reduced to a short-list of finalists . Ties can occur if the panel decides that both entries show equal merit , however they are encouraged to choose a single winner . The judges are selected from a public application process by the Award 's management team .   This article lists all the short-list nominees and winners in the best young-adult novel category , as well as novels that have been highly commended . Three people have won the award twice -- Isobelle Carmody , Garth Nix and Scott Westerfeld . Westerfeld holds the record for most nominations with eight , and Rory Barnes has the most nominations without winning , having been a losing finalist five times .

neg: 78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams .   Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .

neg: American Film Institute Awards 2003 The American Film Institute ( AFI ) Awards 2003 honored the Top 10 Films and Top 10 Television Programs of the year .

neg: National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics .   This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way .   Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .

neg: Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 .   Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) .   Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .

neg: Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture .   This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were :   1988 Sir Peter Hall  1989 Dame Ninette de Valois  1990 Sir Michael Tippett  1991 Sir David Lean  1992 Sir John Mills  1993 Sir Peter Ustinov  1994 Sir John Drummond  1995 Sir Peter Wright  1996 Sir Richard Eyre  1997 Dame Judi Dench  1998 Sir Edward Downes  1999 Harold Pinter  2000 Dame Alicia Markova  2001 Paul Scofield  2002 Sir Alfred Brendel  2003 Sir Ian McKellen  2004 Mike Leigh  2005 Alan Bennett  2006 Dame Helen Mirren  2007 Sir Tom Stoppard  2008 Peter Brook  2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn  2010 Ken Loach  2011 Stephen Sondheim  2013 Grayson Perry  2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner  2015 Dame Maggie Smith   Category : Performing arts awards

neg: Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Editing The Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Editing is one of the annual film awards given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association .

neg: Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist .   It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . ''   The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist .   Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 .   Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year .   1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .

neg: Vintage Film Awards The Vintage Film Awards ( VFA ) are awards that recognize films released in previous decades with enduring popularity and continuing relevance in popular culture .

neg: Robin Mathews (makeup artist) Robin Mathews is a make-up artist . Mathews , along with hairstylist Adruitha Lee , she won an Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling for the 2013 film Dallas Buyers Club .

neg: Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .

neg: Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .

neg: My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London .   The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .

neg: Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award The Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards is an annual awards program presented by the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle ( LADCC ) .

neg: César Award for Best Supporting Actress The César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role ( French : César de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle ) is one of the César Awards , presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a supporting role of an actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony . Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie .

neg: AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role .   It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) .   Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Anne Hathaway The following is a list of awards and nominations received by Anne Hathaway throughout her acting career .

neg: WhatsOnStage Award for Best Actress in a Play The WhatsOnStage Award for Best Actress in a Play is an annual award presented by WhatsOnStage.com as part of the annual WhatsOnStage Awards , the only major Theatre Awards voted for by the theatre-going public .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories .   There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Dwarf Stars Award The Dwarf Stars Award is an annual award presented by the Science Fiction Poetry Association to the author of the best horror , fantasy , or science fiction poem of ten lines or fewer published in the previous year . The award was established in 2006 as a counterpoint to the Rhysling Award , which is given by the same organization to horror , fantasy , or science fiction poems of any length . Poems are submitted to the association by the poets , from which approximately 30 are chosen by an editor to be published in an anthology each fall . Members of the association then vote on the published poems , and first through third-place winners are announced . The 2006 anthology was edited by Deborah P. Kolodji , and subsequent anthologies have been edited by an array of editors , including Kolodji , Stephen M. Wilson , Joshua Gage , Geoffrey A. Landis , Linda D. Addison , Sandra J. Lindow , John Amen , Jeannine Hall Gailey , and Lesley Wheeler .   During the 11 nomination years , 35 poems by 25 poets have been selected as third place or better , including one three-way tie for second place in 2016 , of which 11 poets have won outright . Jane Yolen has been noted four times , a first and a third place and two second-place results ; Deborah P. Kolodji and Julie Bloss Kelsey have each received a first and a second place ; Greg Beatty a first and a third place ; Sonya Taaffe has received two second-place results ; and Ann K. Schwader has received two third-place results .


query: Bob Dylan has been nominated for an award.

pos: Bob Dylan Bob Dylan ( -LSB- ˈdɪlən -RSB- born Robert Allen Zimmerman ; May 24 , 1941 ) is an American poetic songwriter , singer , painter , writer , and Nobel prize laureate . He has been influential in popular music and culture for more than five decades . Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s , when his songs chronicled social unrest . Early songs such as `` Blowin ' in the Wind '' and `` The Times They Are a-Changin ' '' became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement . Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival , his six-minute single `` Like a Rolling Stone '' , recorded in 1965 , enlarged the range of popular music .   Dylan 's lyrics incorporate a wide range of political , social , philosophical , and literary influences . They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture . Initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie , Robert Johnson , and Hank Williams , Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres . His recording career , spanning more than 50 years , has explored the traditions in American song -- from folk , blues , and country to gospel , rock and roll , and rockabilly to English , Scottish , and Irish folk music , embracing even jazz and the Great American Songbook . Dylan performs with guitar , keyboards , and harmonica . Backed by a changing lineup of musicians , he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour . His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career , but his songwriting is considered his greatest contribution .   Since 1994 , Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings , and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries . As a musician , Dylan has sold more than 100 million records , making him one of the best-selling artists of all time . He has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards , a Golden Globe Award , and an Academy Award . Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , Minnesota Music Hall of Fame , Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame , and Songwriters Hall of Fame . The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a special citation for `` his profound impact on popular music and American culture , marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power . '' In May 2012 , Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama . In 2016 , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature `` for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition '' .

neg: Things Have Changed `` Things Have Changed '' is a song from the film Wonder Boys , written and performed by Bob Dylan and released as a single on May 1 , 2000 and won both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . It was first awarded in 2012 , after a major overhaul of Grammy Award categories .  The award combines the previous categories for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal , Best Country Collaboration with Vocals and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if the instrumental recording is performed by a duo or group ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards .   According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for duo/group or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance The Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo ( vocal or instrumental ) country recordings and is limited to singles or tracks only .   The award combines the previous categories for Best Female Country Vocal Performance , Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Instrumental Performance ( if it is an instrumental solo performance ) . The restructuring of these categories was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards and to eliminate the distinctions between male and female performances .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .

neg: Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .

neg: As I Went Out One Morning `` As I Went Out One Morning '' is a song written by Bob Dylan , released on his 1967 album John Wesley Harding . He has only performed this song live once , in the early phase of the Bob Dylan and The Band 1974 Tour .   The lyrics to `` As I Went Out One Morning '' tell about a man who offers a hand to a woman in chains , but realizes that she wants more than he is offering , and that `` she meant to do -LSB- him -RSB- harm . '' A character identified as Tom Paine then appears , `` command -LSB- s -RSB- her to yield , '' and apologizes to the narrator for the woman 's actions . Tom Paine as a figure may represent common sense or civil liberties , which the historical Tom Paine championed . However , it is also likely that this song references the prestigious Tom Paine Award that Dylan received in 1963 from the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee . Dylan delivered an acceptance speech and was booed and rushed from the stage when he claimed to have empathy for some of Lee Harvey Oswald feelings . The song bears a resemblance to the W. H. Auden poem As I Walked Out One Evening , including sharing the same iambic meter and quatrain form .   Dylan 's use of harmonica on the song is distinctive . The flatted second ( as well as third , sixth , and seventh ) identifies the musical mode as Phrygian . Since the song is in F# minor ( played in D minor on a guitar with a capo at the fourth fret ) , Dylan must be playing a D harmonica . The usual modes for diatonic harmonica in minor keys are Aeolian and Dorian ( A or E harmonicas in the key of F# minor ) .

neg: Never Ending Tour 2016 The Never Ending Tour is the popular name for Bob Dylan 's endless touring schedule since June 7 , 1988 .

neg: Tangled Up in Blue `` Tangled Up in Blue '' is a song by Bob Dylan . It appeared on his album Blood on the Tracks in 1975 . Released as a single , it reached # 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Rolling Stone ranked it # 68 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .   The Telegraph has described the song as `` The most dazzling lyric ever written , an abstract narrative of relationships told in an amorphous blend of first and third person , rolling past , present and future together , spilling out in tripping cadences and audacious internal rhymes , ripe with sharply turned images and observations and filled with a painfully desperate longing . ''   `` Tangled Up in Blue '' is one of five songs on Blood on the Tracks that Dylan initially recorded in New York City in September 1974 and then re-recorded in Minneapolis in December that year ; the later recording became the album track and single . One of the September 1974 outtakes was released in 1991 on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1 -- 3 ( Rare & Unreleased ) 1961 -- 1991 .   According to novelist Ron Rosenbaum , Bob Dylan once told him that he 'd written `` Tangled up in Blue '' , after spending a weekend immersed in Joni Mitchell 's 1971 album Blue .

neg: Bob Dylan Blues `` Bob Dylan Blues '' is a song written in 1965 by Syd Barrett , the founder of Pink Floyd . Recorded during sessions for Barrett , it was unreleased until it turned up in 2001 and was released on The Best of Syd Barrett .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition The Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition ( including its previous names ) has been awarded since 1960 . The award is presented to the composer of an original piece of music ( not an adaptation ) , first released during the eligibility year . In theory , any style of music is eligible for this category , but winning compositions are usually in the jazz or film score genres .   The Grammy is awarded to the composer ( s ) of the music , not to the performing artist , except if the artist is also the composer .   There have been several minor changes to the name of the award :   In 1958 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1958 ( over 5 minutes duration )  In 1960 it was awarded as Best Musical Composition First Recorded and Released in 1959 ( more than 5 minutes duration )  In 1962 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme or Instrumental Version of Song  From 1963 to 1964 and from 1967 to 1970 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Theme  In 1965 it was awarded as Best Instrumental Composition ( other than jazz )  From 1971 to the present it has been awarded as Best Instrumental Composition   Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year .

neg: Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist .   It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . ''   The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist .   Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 .   Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year .   1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .

neg: California Film Awards The California Film Awards is a film awards ceremony that offers awards in the categories of Best Picture , Actor , Actress , Cinematography , Directing , First-Time Directors , Editing , Screenplay , Animation , Art Design , Music Videos , Short Films , Experimental Films , Student Films , California Films , Foreign Films , Documentaries and Feature Narratives . Only independent films are eligible .

neg: Invisible Republic Invisible Republic : Bob Dylan 's Basement Tapes ( 1997 ) is a book by music critic Greil Marcus ( born 1945 ) about the creation and cultural importance of The Basement Tapes , a series of recordings made by Bob Dylan in 1967 in collaboration with the Hawks , who would subsequently become known as the Band . ( ISBN 0-8050-5842-7 )   The updated paperback edition ( 2011 , Picador ) is retitled The Old , Weird America , a term coined by Marcus to describe the often eerie country , blues , and folk music featured on the Anthology of American Folk Music ( 1927-1932 ; released 1952 ) . In his opinion , the sensibility of Anthology is reflected by the Basement Tapes recordings . The term has been revived via the musical genre called New Weird America .

neg: Carolyn Dennis Carolyn Dennis ( born April 12 , 1954 ) , sometimes known professionally as Carol Dennis or Carol Dennis-Dylan , is an American singer and actress best known for her work with and marriage to Bob Dylan .

neg: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction is awarded to one television series or special each year .   In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place .   __ TOC __

neg: He Was a Friend of Mine `` He Was a Friend of Mine '' is a traditional folk song in which the singer laments the death of a friend . The earliest known version of the song is titled `` Shorty George '' ( Roud 10055 ) and was first recorded by musicologist couple John A. and Ruby Terrill Lomax in 1939 at the Clemens State Farm in Brazoria County , Texas in a version performed by African-American inmate Smith Casey , who accompanied himself on guitar . Alan Lomax described the song as a `` blues '' that was `` a dirge for a dead comrade . ''   The song has since been recorded by many artists , including Bob Dylan , Dave Van Ronk , The Washington Squares , Bobby Bare , Mercury Rev , The Black Crowes , The Mitchell Trio , Willie Nelson , Nanci Griffith , Cat Power , The Leaves and , in a reworded version , The Byrds . The version recorded by Willie Nelson was used in the film Brokeback Mountain and inaccurately credits Bob Dylan as the songwriter . Dylan had arranged an early version of the tune in 1961 and his version can be heard on the compilation album The Bootleg Series Volumes 1 -- 3 ( Rare & Unreleased ) 1961 -- 1991 .

neg: Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance was an award presented at the 2012 and 2013 Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it was designed for solo , duo/groups or collaborative ( vocal or instrumental ) hard rock or metal recordings and was limited to singles or tracks only .   The award was first presented in 2012 , after a major restructuring of Grammy categories . It combined the previous categories Best Hard Rock Performance and Best Metal Performance . The restructuring was a result of the Recording Academy 's wish to decrease the list of categories and awards . However , the Recording Academy announced in June 2013 that the category would split in 2014 , returning the Best Metal Performance category and recognizing quality hard rock performances in the Best Rock Performance category . According to the Academy , `` it was determined that metal has a very distinctive sound , and hard rock more closely aligns with rock and can exist comfortably as one end of the rock spectrum . ''

neg: Robert Fitzgerald Prosody Award The Robert Fitzgerald Prosody Award is awarded to scholars who have made a lasting contribution to the art and science of versification . The award was named after the poet , critic , and translator Robert Fitzgerald . It was established in 1999 at the Fifth Annual West Chester University Poetry Conference . Each awardee has been interviewed at the conference by linguist and literary historian Dr. Thomas Cable of the University of Texas at Austin .

neg: World Soundtrack Award – Public Choice The Public Choice Award for the Best Score of the Year is an award by the World Soundtrack Academy . Each year , the general public votes for the nominees and the award is presented at the annual World Soundtrack Awards . The category has existed since 2001 , but there was not a winner nor a vote for 2003 's ceremony .   In 2016 , the International Film Music Critics Association partnered with WSA in choosing the shortlist of nominees , selecting 30 scores representing the most outstanding works . The five nominees receiving the most votes became the final candidates for the award , with the winner announced at the awards gala .

neg: Going, Going, Gone (Bob Dylan song) `` Going , Going , Gone '' is a song by Bob Dylan . It was released in 1974 on the album Planet Waves . The song is in the key of F major and deals with the themes of reflection and suicide . Bob Dylan is accompanied by The Band .   Critics have admired the interplay in the song between Dylan 's desperate vocal and guitarist Robbie Robertson 's lead guitar . Rock critic Tim Riley wrote that `` The Band 's windup pitch to `` Going , Going , Gone '' is a wonder of pinpoint ensemble playing : Robertson makes his guitar entrance choke as if a noose had suddenly tightened around its neck , '' adding that The Band 's sympathetic `` shaping of the song ... is so perfectly attuned to the bottomed-out quality of Dylan 's mood that Robertson 's guitar sounds like it 's scratching the itch in Dylan 's throat . ''