query: The Great Gatsby is considered to be one of Fitzgerald's great works.

pos: The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922 . The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan . Considered to be Fitzgerald 's magnum opus , The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence , idealism , resistance to change , social upheaval , and excess , creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream .   Fitzgerald -- inspired by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island 's north shore -- began planning the novel in 1923 , desiring to produce , in his words , `` something new -- something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned . '' Progress was slow , with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924 . His editor , Maxwell Perkins , felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the next winter . Fitzgerald was repeatedly ambivalent about the book 's title and he considered a variety of alternatives , including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio ; the title he was last documented to have desired was Under the Red , White , and Blue .   First published by Scribner 's in April 1925 , The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews and sold poorly ; in its first year , the book sold only 20,000 copies . Fitzgerald died in 1940 , believing himself to be a failure and his work forgotten . However , the novel experienced a revival during World , and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film adaptations in the following decades . Today , The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title `` Great American Novel . '' In 1998 , the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century 's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period .

pos: Masterpiece Masterpiece , magnum opus ( Latin , great work ) or chef d'œuvre ( French , master of work , plural chefs d'œuvre ) in modern use is a creation that has been given much critical praise , especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person 's career or to a work of outstanding creativity , skill , profundity , or workmanship . Historically , a `` masterpiece '' ' was a work of a very high standard produced to obtain membership of a guild or academy in various areas of the visual arts and crafts .

neg: The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy .   The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels .   In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming .   Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries .   Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .

neg: Life imitating art Anti-mimesis is a philosophical position that holds the direct opposite of Aristotelian mimesis . Its most notable proponent is Oscar Wilde , who opined in his 1889 essay The Decay of Lying that , `` Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life '' . In the essay , written as a Platonic dialogue , Wilde holds that anti-mimesis `` results not merely from Life 's imitative instinct , but from the fact that the self-conscious aim of Life is to find expression , and that Art offers it certain beautiful forms through which it may realise that energy . '' .   What is found in life and nature is not what is really there , but is that which artists have taught people to find there , through art . As in an example posited by Wilde , although there has been fog in London for centuries , one notices the beauty and wonder of the fog because `` poets and painters have taught the loveliness of such effects ... They did not exist till Art had invented them . '' .   McGrath places the antimimetic philosophy in a tradition of Irish writing , including Wilde and writers such as Synge and Joyce in a group that `` elevate blarney ( in the form of linguistic idealism ) to aesthetic and philosophical distinction '' , noting that Terry Eagleton observes an even longer tradition that stretches `` as far back in Irish thought as the ninth-century theology of John Scottus Eriugena '' and `` the fantastic hyperbole of the ancient sagas '' . Wilde 's antimimetic idealism , specifically , McGrath describes to be part of the late nineteenth century debate between Romanticism and Realism . Wilde 's antimimetic philosophy has also had influence on later Irish writers , including Brian Friel .   Halliwell asserts that the idea that life imitates art derives from classical notions that can be traced as far back as the writings of Aristophanes of Byzantium , and does not negate mimesis but rather `` displace -LSB- s -RSB- its purpose onto the artlike fashioning of life itself '' . Halliwell draws a parallel between Wilde 's philosophy and Aristophanes ' famous question about the comedies written by Menander : `` O Menander and Life ! Which of you took the other as your model ? '' , noting , however , that Aristophanes was a precursor to Wilde , and not necessarily espousing the positions that Wilde was later to propound .   In George Bernard Shaw 's preface to Three Plays he wrote , `` I have noticed that when a certain type of feature appears in painting and is admired as beautiful , it presently becomes common in nature ; so that the Beatrices and Francescas in the picture galleries of one generation come to life as the parlor-maids and waitresses of the next . '' He stated that he created the aristocratic characters in Cashel Byron 's Profession as unrealistically priggish even without his later understanding that `` the real world does not exist ... men and women are made by their own fancies in the image of the imaginary creatures in my youthful fictions , only much stupider . '' Shaw , however , disagreed with Wilde on some points . He considered most attempts by life to imitate art to be reprehensible , in part because the art that people generally chose to imitate was idealistic and romanticized .   An example of life imitating art is that of singer/actress Miley Cyrus , whose role as the famous fictional popstar Hannah Montana in the Disney Channel sitcom of the same name gave rise to her own singing career . Hannah 's fictional popularity translated into a real-life fan-base for Cyrus as several singles credited to the character charted on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including `` The Best of Both Worlds '' , `` Life 's What You Make It '' , `` He Could Be the One '' , etc , though all of the songs were performed by Cyrus ) and when she embarked on her sold-out Best of Both Worlds Tour in 2007 , where she performed the first set of songs as Hannah Montana and the second set as herself . Cyrus ' song `` The Climb '' was the first song , credited to herself instead of the character , from an official Hannah Montana soundtrack album to become a hit single ( peaking at # 4 on the Billboard charts , making it her `` crossover song '' into mainstream pop , while Hoedown Throwdown ( off the same soundtrack album ) was her first Top 10 . Cyrus also performed several duets on the show while in-character as Hannah with real-life singers such as Sheryl Crow , David Archuleta , The Jonas Brothers , Iyaz and her real-life father Billy Ray Cyrus , as well as an unofficial duet with her real-life godmother country singer Dolly Parton .

neg: Theme (narrative) In contemporary literary studies , a theme is the central topic a text treats . Themes can be divided into two categories : a work 's thematic concept is what readers `` think the work is about '' and its thematic statement being `` what the work says about the subject '' .   The most common contemporary understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story , which can often be summed in a single word ( e.g. love , death , betrayal ) . Typical examples of themes of this type are conflict between the individual and society ; coming of age ; humans in conflict with technology ; nostalgia ; and the dangers of unchecked ambition . A theme may be exemplified by the actions , utterances , or thoughts of a character in a novel . An example of this would be the thematic idea of loneliness in John Steinbeck 's Of Mice and Men , wherein many of the characters seem to be lonely . It may differ from the thesis -- the text 's or author 's implied worldview .   A story may have several themes . Themes often explore historically common or cross-culturally recognizable ideas , such as ethical questions , and are usually implied rather than stated explicitly . An example of this would be whether one should live a seemingly better life , at the price of giving up parts of one 's humanity , which is a theme in Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World . Along with plot , character , setting , and style , theme is considered one of the components of fiction .

neg: The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond is G. K. Chesterton 's final collection of detective stories , published after his death in 1936 . Of the eight mysteries , seven were first printed in the Storyteller magazine . The Unmentionable Man was unique to the book .   The stories revolve around a civil servant named Mr. Pond ( we are not told his first name ) . He is described as a very ordinary and fish-like man who has a habit of startling those who meet him with outrageous paradoxical statements . He seems unaware of the oddness of his remarks , and his friend Sir Hubert Wotton explains : `` he looks a very sedentary , scientific little cuss ... but he 's really had very extraordinary experiences . He does n't talk about them ; he does n't want to talk about them ... but when , in the course of talking in the abstract he comes on some concrete thing that he has actually done -- well , I can only say he crumples it up . He tries to crush it into a small space and it simply sounds contradictory . Almost every one of those crazy sentences simply stands for one of the adventures in what would be called by most people a very unadventurous life . ''   Chesterton himself was well known for using paradox in his writings , but in one story he explains that his kind of paradox is different from Mr. Pond 's :  Paradox has been defined as `` Truth standing on her head to get attention . '' Paradox has been defended ; on the ground that so many fashionable fallacies still stand firmly on their feet , because they have no heads to stand on . But it must be admitted that writers , like other mendicants and mountebanks , frequently do try to attract attention . They set out conspicuously , in a single line in a play , or at the head or tail of a paragraph , remarks of this challenging kind ; as when Mr. Bernard Shaw wrote : `` The Golden Rule is that there is no Golden Rule '' ; or Oscar Wilde observed : `` I can resist everything except temptation '' ; or a duller scribe ( not to be named with these and now doing penance for his earlier vices in the nobler toil of celebrating the virtues of Mr. Pond ) said in defence of hobbies and amateurs and general duffers like himself : `` If a thing is worth doing , it is worth doing badly . '' To these things do writers sink ; and then the critics tell them that they `` talk for effect '' ; and then the writers answer : `` What the devil else should we talk for ? Ineffectualness ? ''   In four of the stories Pond is induced to tell the dramatic tale which lies behind a baffling paradox ; in another , `` Pond the Pantaloon '' , Wotton tells the story . In two more , `` The Crime of Captain Gahagan '' and `` The Terrible Troubadour '' , Pond 's keen mind arrives at the truth when his friend Gahagan is accused of murder . In `` Ring of Lovers '' Gahagan tells a true story and trusts to Pond to guess the secret behind it .   These stories written at the end of Chesterton 's career contain narrative stretches and improbabilities , but they do not lack his familiar flashes of insight . In the story The Crime of Captain Gahagan Chesterton observes , through the character of Mr. Pond , that `` Love never needs time . But friendship always needs time . More and more time , until up past midnight . ''

neg: George Gershwin George Jacob Gershwin ( -LSB- ˈɡɜrʃ.wɪn -RSB- September 26 , 1898 July 11 , 1937 ) was an American composer and pianist . Gershwin 's compositions spanned both popular and classical genres , and his most popular melodies are widely known . Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue ( 1924 ) and An American in Paris ( 1928 ) as well as the opera Porgy and Bess ( 1935 ) .   Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark , Henry Cowell and Joseph Brody . He began his career as a song plugger , but soon started composing Broadway theatre works with his brother Ira Gershwin , and Buddy DeSylva . He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger , who refused him , where he began to compose An American in Paris . After returning to New York City , he wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and the author DuBose Heyward . Initially a commercial failure , Porgy and Bess is now considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century .   Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores until his death in 1937 from glioblastoma multiforme , a malignant brain tumor .   Gershwin 's compositions have been adapted for use in many films and for television , and several became jazz standards recorded in many variations . Many celebrated singers and musicians have covered his songs .

neg: Michael Foster (writer) Michael Foster ( 1904-1956 ) was an American novelist , journalist , screenwriter and cartoonist .   Foster , who was born August 29 , 1904 , in Hardy , Arkansas , was a graduate of the Chicago Art Institute and became a reporter and cartoonist for newspapers in Salina , Kansas , Los Angeles , California , and , by 1937 , Seattle , Washington . His nickname was `` Gully . ''   In 1926 , he was working on the Los Angeles Express , a daily newspaper . A friend , Charles Harris Garrigues , wrote that Foster <blockquote> writes , paints , and has been called the second most promising of the young poets in America by the Lit Dig -LSB- Literary Digest '' ' -RSB- -- does n't know one note of music from another and improvises the most beautiful piano music ... He roomed down at the house for a while until we had a fight over a novel he 's writing and then he moved out -- went on a three weeks ' drunk and only started back to work when I threatened to knock his block off if he did n't . </blockquote>   Foster 's first novel , Forgive Adam , was published in 1935 by W. Morrow and Co. . Margaret Wallace of the New York Times said of the author :   Michael Foster , a young newspaper man on the Pacific Coast , is the newest recruit to the ranks of the hard-boiled novelists . In the brief declarative sentences of his prose style , in his method of consistent understatement , in his attitude of weary and rather self-conscious disillusionment , he has aligned himself with the school of Hemingway and his imitators .   The second novel , American Dream , came in 1937 . American Dream told the story of `` a disillusioned newspaperman who discovers through old family letters what America meant to the writers and what America should mean to him . Several scenes are reminiscent of the tawdry political atmosphere rendered in Ben Hecht 's and Charles MacArthur 's 1928 play , The Front Page . '' . Los Angeles Times reviewer Milton Merlin said that the work was :   not an entirely satisfying novel , but it is an ambitious enterprise and an exceptionally compelling story told with feeling and facility ... . Foster , a Seattle reporter , chooses a member of his profession for his central figure . Shelby Thrall , a disillusioned idealist at 30 , reviews three generations of Thralls in an attempt to recapture the meaning of the `` American Dream . '' Shelby 's recollections , stirred by a pile of old , crumbling letters in the attic , cover a span of three generations ...   Two books followed -- To Remember at Midnight ( 1938 ) and House Above the River ( 1946 ) .   About his final book , The Dusty Godmother ( 1949 ) . reviewer A.C. Spectorsky wrote in the New York Times that Foster had expanded a slick-magazine short story into a light novel which disappoints largely because it has frequent and unfulfilled intimations and overtones of being far more than just that .   Garrigues wrote in 1957 after Foster 's death that when Foster `` had done penance to his father by The American Dream , '' he had done all he had to do ... . he had written himself out when he made peace with his father , who was dead ; after that , he drank himself to death trying to find something that was not in him . ''   Foster died on March 25 , 1956 , in California .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .

neg: The Great Duke of Florence The Great Duke of Florence is an early Caroline era stage play , a tragicomedy written by Philip Massinger , and first published in 1636 . It has been called `` one of Massinger 's best dramas , '' and `` a masterpiece of dramatic construction . ''   A play titled The Great Duke was licensed for performance by Sir Henry Herbert , the Master of the Revels , on 5 July 1627 ; the scholarly consensus interprets this as referring to Massinger 's play . Topical allusions in the text have been read as indicating a date of authorship between October 1623 and March 1625 . The play was acted by Queen Henrietta 's Men at the Cockpit Theatre , and was published in quarto in 1636 by the bookseller John Marriot ; Massinger dedicated the work to one of his patrons , Sir Robert Wiseman , in gratitude for his `` supportment and protection . '' The quarto includes two commendatory poems , one by John Ford .   Massinger is thought to have based his plot on the traditional story of Ethelwald and Elfrida , available to him in several versions ; he may also have been influenced by an earlier play , A Knack to Know a Knave .   The play had no other publications or revival productions in its own era or in subsequent generations -- somewhat surprisingly , since critics have tended to regard it highly . Algernon Charles Swinburne called it `` remarkable even among Massinger 's works for elegance and grace of execution ; '' William Gifford , in his edition of Massinger 's works , wrote that `` It is impossible not to be charmed with the manner in which this play is written . '' In the play , Massinger exploits the richness of a courtly style , full of `` gay flourishes of language '' ( Act IV , scene ii ) , perhaps more successfully than in any other of his works . Though generally classified as a tragicomedy , there is nothing tragic and little serious in it ; the play can just as correctly be called a comedy of manners .

neg: The Great Gatsby (1926 film) The Great Gatsby is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Herbert Brenon . It is the first film adaptation of the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald . Warner Baxter portrayed Jay Gatsby and  Lois Wilson as Daisy Buchanan .   The film was produced by Famous Players-Lasky , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . The Great Gatsby is now considered lost .

neg: Welsh literature in English Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers . It has been recognised as a distinctive entity only since the 20th century . The need for a separate identity for this kind of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature ; as such it is perhaps the youngest branch of English-language literature in the British Isles .   Welsh writers in English have traditionally favoured the short story form over the novel for two main reasons : in a society lacking sufficient wealth to support professional writers , the amateur writer was able to spare time only for short bursts of creativity ; and , like poetry , it concentrated linguistic delight and exuberance . However , the genre did not develop in these writers much beyond its origin in rural sketches . Satire was avoided , and , since the main market was London publishers , the short stories tended to focus on the eccentricities ( as seen from a metropolitan viewpoint ) of Welsh life .

neg: The Golden Time The Golden Time is a 1949 novel by the Canadian author Harold Standish . It tells the story of the McGibbon family of Chatham , Ontario as they struggle with various troubles , including alcoholism , domestic abuse , and their ultimate triumph as owners of a tobacco farm in the countryside near Chatham . The novel was first published by in Toronto by Macmillan in 1949 , and was later reprinted in several paperback editions . Like other novels of the period by such contemporaries of Standish as Morley Callaghan and Hugh Garner , The Golden Time uses terse , straightforward prose reminiscent of social realist genre . As a significant departure from realism , however , the novel uses a number of time-shift sequences to emphasize the connections between the different generations of the McGibbon family . In this sense , the novel can be regarded as a precursor to such modernist Canadian novels as Sheila Watson 's The Double Hook and Hugh MacLennan 's The Watch That Ends the Night ( both published in 1959 ) .   The Golden Time was Standish 's first novel . He published just one more novel , Blues for Loretta , in ( 1954 ) before giving up fiction to concentrate on poetry . In his biography of Standish , Douglas Scott quotes the legendary literary critic George Woodcock as saying that The Golden Time is `` a work that makes one wish Standish had turned his pen to fiction more often . ''

neg: Père Goriot Le Père Goriot ( -LSB- lə pɛʁ ɡɔʁjo -RSB- , Old Goriot or Father Goriot ) is an 1835 novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac ( 1799 -- 1850 ) , included in the Scènes de la vie privée section of his novel sequence La Comédie humaine . Set in Paris in 1819 , it follows the intertwined lives of three characters : the elderly doting Goriot ; a mysterious criminal-in-hiding named Vautrin ; and a naive law student named Eugène de Rastignac .   Originally published in serial form during the winter of 1834/35 , Le Père Goriot is widely considered Balzac 's most important novel . It marks the first serious use by the author of characters who had appeared in other books , a technique that distinguishes Balzac 's fiction . The novel is also noted as an example of his realist style , using minute details to create character and subtext .   The novel takes place during the Bourbon Restoration , which brought profound changes to French society ; the struggle by individuals to secure a higher social status is a major theme in the book . The city of Paris also impresses itself on the characters -- especially young Rastignac , who grew up in the provinces of southern France . Balzac analyzes , through Goriot and others , the nature of family and marriage , providing a pessimistic view of these institutions .   The novel was released to mixed reviews . Some critics praised the author for his complex characters and attention to detail ; others condemned him for his many depictions of corruption and greed . A favorite of Balzac 's , the book quickly won widespread popularity and has often been adapted for film and the stage . It gave rise to the French expression `` Rastignac '' , a social climber willing to use any means to better his situation .

neg: Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 .   Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography .   Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups .   Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .

neg: Guy Fawkes (novel) Guy Fawkes first appeared as a serial in Bentley 's Miscellany , between January and November 1840 . It was subsequently published as a three-volume set in July 1841 , with illustrations by George Cruikshank . The first of William Harrison Ainsworth 's seven `` Lancashire novels '' , the story is based on the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 , an unsuccessful attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament . Ainsworth relied heavily on historical documents describing the trial and execution of the conspirators , of whom Fawkes was one , but he also embellished the known facts . He invented the character of Viviana Radcliffe , daughter of the prominent Radcliffe family of Ordsall Hallwho becomes Fawkes 's wifeand introduced supernatural elements into the story , such as the ability of the alchemist , John Dee , to raise the spirits of the dead .   The novel 's themes deal with British politics and history , focusing on the events surrounding the 1605 plot to destroy Parliament . Ainsworth also introduced gothic elements , to add a terrifying component to the work . The novel was very popular , and marked the beginning of Ainsworth 's 40-year career in historical romances , but it was not universally admired . Edgar Allan Poe described the style of writing as `` turgid pretension '' .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French .   The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .

neg: Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization .   The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication .   In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) .   In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture .   With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records .   Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .

neg: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963 This is a list of adult fiction books that topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list in 1963 . The list is notable for being blank for part of the winter as the New York Times , like many other newspapers in the city , worked its way through a major newspaper strike . When the strike ended in March , the political thriller Seven Days in May led the list , having also been at the top at the start of the strike in December 1962 . It lasted there only one week before being overtaken by J.D. Salinger 's second No. 1 bestseller in 18 months , the anthologized novellas , `` Raise High the Roof Beam , Carpenters '' and `` Seymour : An Introduction '' .   Salinger 's book led the list for 14 weeks through the spring of 1963 . Daphne du Maurier 's The Glass-Blowers then spent six weeks on the list , followed by Morris West 's novel about the Vatican , The Shoes of the Fisherman ( 14 weeks ) . On October 6 , Shoes gave way to Mary McCarthy 's semi-autobiographical novel The Group , which would spend the next 20 weeks at the top , closing out the year .

neg: Manhattan Transfer (novel) Manhattan Transfer is an American novel by John Dos Passos published in 1925 . It focuses on the development of urban life in New York City from the Gilded Age to the Jazz Age as told through a series of overlapping individual stories .   It is considered to be one of Dos Passos ' most important works . The book attacks the consumerism and social indifference of contemporary urban life , portraying a Manhattan that is merciless yet teeming with energy and restlessness . The book shows some of Dos Passos ' experimental writing techniques and narrative collages that would become more pronounced in his U.S.A. trilogy and other later works . The technique in Manhattan Transfer was inspired in part by James Joyce 's Ulysses ( 1922 ) , T. S. Eliot 's The Waste Land , and experiments with film collage by Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein .   Sinclair Lewis described it as `` a novel of the very first importance ... The dawn of a whole new school of writing . '' D. H. Lawrence called it `` the best modern book about New York '' he had ever read , describing it as `` a very complete  film ... of the vast loose gang of strivers and winners and losers which seems to be the very pep of New York . '' In a blurb for a European edition , Ernest Hemingway wrote that , alone among American writers , Dos Passos has `` been able to show to Europeans the America they really find when they come here . ''

neg: The Fudge Family in England The Fudge Family in England is an 1835 epistolary verse novel by the Irish-born writer Thomas Moore . It was a sequel to his 1818 work The Fudge Family in Paris , which had depicted the visit of the fictional British Fudge Family to Paris where the daughter Biddy had fallen in love with a young man who she had taken to be the King of Prussia but was in fact a draper . The original work was extremely popular , and Moore had received requests to write a follow-up . He began working on The Fudge Family In Italy , but abandoned it and it was n't until seventeen years after the original that the sequel was released .   The sequel is set some years later , in a spa town likely to be Bath where the grown-up Biddy has travelled . Biddy has since become an evangelical Protestant , and because of the large inheritance she is expected to receive she is a target for fortune-hunting Irish suitors . One of these is a `` Mick on the make '' , Patrick Magan who secretly prefers Biddy 's niece Fanny . Magan 's attempts to woo Biddy are undermined by a rival , Mortimer O'Mulligan . O'Mulligan , who had converted from Catholicism to Protestantism in the hope of enriching himself . He marries Biddy while Magan elopes with Fanny . The story concludes with Biddy 's rich uncle leaving his money to Fanny rather than Biddy which leaves O'Mulligan without a penny .   The work was less successful than Moore 's earlier work and was not widely reviewed , probably due to a decline in Moore 's popularity , although its critical reception was good . The Times wrote that Moore 's observations were `` as keen , and his satire as pungent , as ever '' . The work was the beginning of the end of Moore 's writing career , and most of the rest of his work was on his unsuccessful four-volume History of Ireland .   It is likely that the character of Mortimer O'Mulligan was based on the real-life Mortimer O'Sullivan who had been a fierce critic of Moore .


query: James A. Woods had a starring role in a 2003 independent comedy film.

pos: James A. Woods James Andre Woods ( born 30 October 1979 ) is a Canadian actor , who has appeared in films , television and video games .   Woods trained at New York City 's Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute before returning to his native Montreal to pursue an acting career . Woods starred in Hatley High , distributed in Canada by Seville Films and winner of Best Director and Best Screenplay awards at The Comedy Festival . Additional film credits include the TVA Films theatrical release Eternal and the Ed Solomon directed Levity . He also starred in The Watch ( 2008 ) .   Woods ' television credits include Seriously Weird ( YTV/ITV ) , Big Wolf on Campus ( Fox Family ) , Undressed ( MTV ) , Fries with That ? ( Télé-Action ) , Naked Josh ( Showcase/Oxygen ) and Galidor ( Fox Kids ) .

pos: Hatley High Hatley High is a 2003 independent comedy film directed by Phil Price and written by Myles Hainsworth . It was shown at various film festivals from September 2003 to 2005 including the San Diego Film Festival and the U.S. Comedy Arts Festival .

neg: Real Life (1979 film) Real Life is a 1979 American comedy film starring Albert Brooks ( in his directorial debut ) , who also co-authored the screenplay . It is a spoof of the 1973 reality television program An American Family and portrays a documentary filmmaker named Albert Brooks who attempts to live with and film a dysfunctional family for one full year .   Charles Grodin co-stars as the family 's patriarch who consents to permit cameras in his Arizona home . Real-life producer Jennings Lang also has an acting role in Real Life .

neg: Artworks (film) Artworks is a 2003 crime film .

neg: Gothika Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez . Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a women 's mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars , accused of having murdered her husband . The film was first released on November 21 , 2003 in the United States . At the time of its release , Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment , with a worldwide gross of $ 141.6 million .

neg: Paycheck (film) Paycheck is a 2003 American science fiction thriller film based on the short story of the same name by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick . The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck , Uma Thurman and Aaron Eckhart . Paul Giamatti , Michael C. Hall , Joe Morton and Colm Feore also appear .

neg: The Spy Dad The Spy Dad is a 2003 Hong Kong comedy film produced , written and directed by Wong Jing and starring Tony Leung as the titular protagonist , Jones Bon , an action film star with obvious homage to James Bond 007 films while with also references to martial arts films by Bruce Lee .

neg: The Cooler The Cooler is a 2003 American romantic drama film directed by Wayne Kramer . The original screenplay was written by Kramer and Frank Hannah . In old-school gambling parlance , a casino `` cooler '' is an unlucky individual , usually a casino employee , whose mere presence at the gambling tables usually results in a streak of bad luck for the other players .

neg: Without a Paddle Without a Paddle is a 2004 American comedy film directed by Steven Brill , written by Jay Leggett and Mitch Rouse , and based on a story by Harris Goldberg , Tom Nursall , and Fred Wolf . The film stars Seth Green , Matthew Lillard , and Dax Shepard as three reunited childhood friends going on a trip up a remote river in order to search for the loot of long-lost airplane hijacker D. B. Cooper .   A direct-to-video sequel , entitled Without a Paddle : Nature 's Calling , was released in January 2009 .

neg: Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .

neg: Tiresia Tiresia is a 2003 French film directed by Bertrand Bonello and written by Bonello and Luca Fazzi .   Based on the legend of Tiresias , it tells of a transsexual who is kidnapped by a man and left to die in the woods . She is then saved by a family and receives the gift of telling the future . The film stars Laurent Lucas , Clara Choveaux , Thiago Telès and Célia Catalifo .   Tiresia was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Hacks (2002 film) Hacks is a 2002 independent film written and directed by Glenn Rockowitz . This film is a mockumentary shot in black and white but struggles to sit within any conventionally defined genre .

neg: Bells of Innocence Bells of Innocence is 2003 Christian film directed by Alin Bijan and written by Chris Bessey . It stars son-father actors Mike and Chuck Norris , David A. R. White , Marshall R. Teague , and Chuck 's real-life granddaughter Gabby Di Ciolli ( Mike 's niece , who uses her father 's last name ) as `` Lyric '' . It was released on April 6 , 2003 in the United States .

neg: Virgin (film) Virgin is a 2003 American film , directed by Deborah Kampmeier and starring Elisabeth Moss , Robin Wright Penn and Daphne Rubin-Vega .

neg: Power Play (2003 film) Power Play is a 2003 American action film directed by Joseph Zito and starring Dylan Walsh , Alison Eastwood , Tobin Bell and Brixton Karnes .

neg: Williamsburg (film) Williamsburg is a 2006 American independent film written , directed , and edited by Brad Saville , as a black and white feature length narrative comedy/drama that provides a satirical look at the lives of seven failing artists in Williamsburg , Brooklyn .

neg: The Fighting Temptations The Fighting Temptations is a 2003 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Lynn , written by Elizabeth Hunter and Saladin K. Patterson , and distributed by Paramount Pictures and MTV Films . The main plot revolves around Darrin Hill ( Cuba Gooding Jr. ) who travels to his hometown of Monte Carlo , Georgia as he attempts to revive a church choir in order to enter a gospel competition with the help of a beautiful lounge singer , Lilly ( Beyoncé ) , with whom he falls in love . Through the choir 's music , Darrin brings the church community back together all the while seeking a relationship with Lilly .   The film is notable for its soundtrack and ensemble cast . The film received mixed reviews upon release .

neg: May 3rd Films May 3rd Films is a film and television production company founded in 2003 by noted filmmaker Kirk Fraser .

neg: Abar Aranye Abar Aranye ( English title : In the Forest ... Again ) ( 2003 ) is an Indian Bengali feature film directed by Goutom Ghosh .

neg: Seven and a Match Seven and a Match is a 2001 independent film directed and written by Derek Simonds . It was released in the United States on April 21 , 2003 .

neg: The Witch Affair The Witch Affair ( Cosa de brujas ) is a 2003 Spanish film written by Amalio Cuevas and Agustín Póveda , and directed by José Miguel Juárez .

neg: Straight Talk Straight Talk is an 1992 American romantic comedy film directed by Barnet Kellman and starring Dolly Parton and James Woods . Parton did not receive solo star-billing in any other theatrically released films until the 2012 film Joyful Noise , alongside Queen Latifah . Her previous starring films had been 9 to 5 ( 1980 ) , The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas ( 1982 ) , Rhinestone ( 1984 ) , and Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ) .


query: Andy Dwyer is in Parks and Recreation.

pos: Andy Dwyer Sir Andrew Maxwell `` Andy '' Dwyer KBE -LSB- ˈdwaɪ.ər -RSB- is a fictional character in the NBC comedy Parks and Recreation portrayed by Chris Pratt . Originally meant to be a temporary character , Andy was so likable that producers asked Pratt back as a series regular . He appears in the first season as Ann Perkins ' unemployed slacker boyfriend , then takes a job as a shoe-shiner at Pawnee City Hall in the second season . Andy eventually marries April Ludgate and is later promoted to Leslie Knope 's assistant . Pratt was credited as a guest star for the first season , despite appearing in every episode ; he is part of the main cast for every season after season one .   Andy is one of the few starring characters not to appear in every episode , as he was absent for a multi-episode arc in season six while Chris Pratt was filming Guardians of the Galaxy .

neg: Arden Myrin Arden VanAmringe Myrin ( -LSB- məˈriːn -RSB- ) is an American actress and comedian . Arden became a new cast member on Showtime 's Shameless Season 7 , and recently appeared in the world premiere of Steve Martin 's new play Meteor Shower at the Long Wharf Theatre . Her television credits include Orange Is the New Black , Hung , Key & Peele , Inside Amy Schumer , W / Bob and David , Psych , Bones , Fresh Off The Boat , Suburgatory , 2 Broke Girls , Reno 911 ! , and Gilmore Girls among others . Arden will be seen next in the feature film Extracurricular Activities .   Myrin has appeared in many films , including the Sundance Films Bachelorette , and Wrong Cops and Wrong both made by Mr. Oizo , as well as Kinsey , Morning Glory , and others .   Arden 's theater credits include Robert O'Hara 's Barbecue at The Public Theater in New York City , as well as the premiere of John Ross Bowie 's play about The Ramones Four Chords and A Gun at the Bootleg Theater in Los Angeles . Arden was in the original New York City production of David Mamet 's Boston Marriage at the Public Theater , and appeared in Hay Fever directed by Darko Tresnjak at the Westport Country Playhouse .   As a comedian Arden tours across the country and co-hosts a comedy show Tinkle Twins at Meltdown Comics with Dana Gould . Arden appeared on Chelsea Lately over 100 times , and is a regular panelist on @midnight . She was cast member of MadTV for the final four seasons along with Keegan-Michael Key , Jordan Peele , Ike Barinholtz , and Bobby Lee . She has appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brian , The Howard Stern Show , WTF with Marc Maron , and RuPaul 's Drag Race . Arden is also the host of the Nerdist podcast Will You Accept This Rose ? about The Bachelor/The Bachelorette franchise .

neg: Andy Dick Andrew Roane Dick ( born December 21 , 1965 ) is an American comedian , actor , musician , and television and film producer . Best known as a comic , he is also known for his eccentric and controversial behavior . His first regular television role was on the short-lived but influential The Ben Stiller Show . In the mid-1990s , he had a long-running stint on NBC 's NewsRadio and was a supporting character on Less than Perfect . He briefly had his own program , The Andy Dick Show on MTV . He is noted for his outlandish behavior from a number of Comedy Central Roasts . He landed in 7th place on the 16th season of Dancing with the Stars .

neg: Andy Kunasek Andy Kunasek is an American politician from Arizona . A member of the Republican Party , Hickman served on the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors representing the 3rd district from 1997 until 2017 . Kunasek was first appointed to the county board in 1997 to replace Betsey Bayless , when she became secretary of state .

neg: Insecurity (South Park) `` Insecurity '' is the tenth episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated sitcom South Park , and the 233rd episode of the series overall . It aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 10 , 2012 .   The story concerns Kyle Broflovski 's belief that his mother is having an affair with a UPS delivery man . When public suspicion falls upon the delivery man , package delivery to the neighborhood is threatened , and Eric Cartman purchases a home security system in response . The episode parodies security alarm systems , and also contains references to Amazon.com and the film The Dark Knight Rises . Multiple characters , including Cartman himself , impersonate the fictional villain Bane .

neg: Sam Drucker Sam Drucker , portrayed by actor Frank Cady , is the operator of Drucker 's general store in the fictional community of Hooterville , which is seen in the television shows Petticoat Junction and Green Acres ( and occasionally in The Beverly Hillbillies ) . Drucker is the only resident of Hooterville to be a regular character in both Petticoat Junction and Green Acres . He is a supporting character in Petticoat Junction , but more of a main character in Green Acres , where he seems to be perhaps the only truly sane person . The New York Times describes Sam Drucker as `` a bit of a straight man to the colorfully zany folk '' of Hooterville . However , like other Hootervillians , he sees nothing unusual in the fact that Fred and Doris Ziffel 's `` son '' Arnold is a talking pig .   Drucker is provincial , but fairly intelligent . He earns a modest living , and he sleeps in the back room of the general store . In the Green Acres episode `` Milk Machine '' , Mr. Haney and Fred Ziffel ask Drucker for five hundred dollars to invest in a milk making machine . When he tells them he does n't have the money , Mr. Haney suggests getting a mortgage on the general store . Drucker tells him that he already has six mortgages on his store and is `` working on a seventh . '' Much ado is made of Sam Drucker 's baldness . In one episode , he dons a toupee for a photograph and notes that it is the first time he has worn it since high school . In another episode , he states , `` We Druckers skin out early . '' And in the Green Acres episode `` The Agricultural Student '' , Sam throws on his toupé and says he is `` Young Sam Drucker '' when a young blonde co-ed named Terry Harper needs a date for the barn dance .   Besides being the town grocer , Sam Drucker is also Hooterville 's postmaster , constable , Justice of the Peace , and Superintendent of Schools . And he is the editor , publisher , and apparently sole employee of the Hooterville World-Guardian , the town 's weekly newspaper . He operates a `` bank '' , which is merely a cash box kept under the counter in his store . In addition , Drucker is a fireman with the Hooterville Volunteer Fire Department , and plays the bass drum in the Hooterville Volunteer Fire Department Band .

neg: City Parks Foundation The City Parks Foundation is the only independent , nonprofit organization to offer programs in parks throughout the five boroughs of New York City . The organization works in over 750 parks citywide , presenting a broad range of free arts , sports , and education programs . Founded in 1989 , it is one of the oldest and largest citywide parks organizations in the country .   Programs offered by City Parks Foundation include free performing arts festivals such as Central Park SummerStage and the Charlie Parker Jazz Festival , which take place annually each summer in parks across all five boroughs of New York City . Sports programs include free instruction for city youth with CityParks Tennis , CityParks Golf , CityParks Track & Field , and the first of its kind , Junior Golf Center located adjacent to the Dyker Beach Public Golf Course in Bay Ridge , Brooklyn , and CityParks Seniors Fitness .   CityParks Education offers several educational programs turning parks into classrooms , reaching over 7,000 students and community members and 500 teachers each year . Programs include Coastal Classroom , Green Girls , CityParks Productions , Learning Gardens , and Seeds to Trees .   In addition , City Parks Foundation partners with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to offer Partnerships for Parks , an organization that supports the activity of over 60,000 volunteers in parks each year .

neg: Andy Philpot Andrew Philpot , commonly credited as Andy Philpot , is an American actor and voice actor . He is known for several animation and video game voice roles , many in titles directed by Jack Fletcher . He is currently a Resident Artist at the Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts in Santa Maria , California .

neg: Andy Irvine (musician) Andrew Kennedy Irvine ( born 14 June 1942 ) , known as Andy Irvine , is an Irish folk musician , singer-songwriter , and a founding member of popular bands Sweeney 's Men , Planxty , Patrick Street , Mozaik , LAPD and Usher 's Island . He plays the mandolin , mandola , bouzouki , harmonica and hurdy-gurdy .   Irvine has been influential in folk music for over five decades , during which he recorded a large repertoire of songs and tunes he assembled from books , old recordings and rooted in the Irish , English , Scottish , Eastern European , Australian and American old-time and folk traditions . He sets these songs to new music and also writes songs about his personal experiences or the lives and struggles of his heroes : Tom Barker , Michael Davitt , Mother Jones , Douglas Mawson , Raoul Wallenberg , and Emiliano Zapata , among others .   Imbued with a sense of social justice , Irvine often selects or writes songs that are based on historical events and presented from the victim 's perspective . Some of these songs chronicle the abject living and working conditions imposed on groups of people : the emigrants ; the brutalized migrant workers ; the exploited textile strikers or coalminers . Other songs recall the archetypal experiences of single individuals : the woman seduced by an unfaithful man or disowned by her father ; the destitute young man ostracized or murdered on the order of his sweetheart 's rich father ; the down-on-his-luck farmer or the unemployed worker ; the young man inveigled by the army 's recruiting sergeant ; the scapegoats . Irvine 's songs also denounce worker deaths and industrial diseases , and lament the plight of hunted animals . His repertoire includes humorous songs , but also bittersweet ones of unrequited love , or of lovers cruelly separated or dramatically reunited . He also sings about famous racehorses , men or women masquerading in various disguises , a fantastical fox preying on young maidens , and the violent lives of outlaws .   As a child actor , Irvine honed his performing talent from an early age and learned the classical guitar . He switched to folk music after discovering Woody Guthrie , also adopting the latter 's other instruments : harmonica and mandolin . While extending Guthrie 's guitar picking technique to the mandolin , he further developed his playing of this instrument -- and , later , of the mandola and the bouzouki -- into a decorative , harmonic style and embraced the modes and rhythms of Bulgarian folk music . Along with Johnny Moynihan and Dónal Lunny , Irvine is one of the pioneers who adapted the Greek bouzouki -- with a new tuning -- into an Irish instrument . He contributed to advancing the design of his instruments in cooperation with English luthier Stefan Sobell , and he occasionally plays a hurdy-gurdy made for him in 1972 by Peter Abnett , another English luthier .   Although touring mainly as a soloist , Irvine has also enjoyed great success in pursuing collaborations through many projects that have influenced contemporary folk music . He continues to tour and perform extensively in Ireland , Great Britain , Europe , North and South America , Japan , Australia and New Zealand .

neg: Andy Phillips (kicker) Andy Dale Phillips ( born May 18 , 1989 ) is an American football placekicker for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Utah .

neg: Orange County Parks and Recreation Orange County Parks and Recreation is the county park department in Orange County , Florida , United States . It maintains and operates a number of parks , multiuse trails , and community recreation centers .

neg: Adams of Eagle Lake Adams of Eagle Lake is an American hour-long police series that aired on ABC in 1975 . Andy Griffith starred as Sheriff Sam Adams and the episodes presented his attempts to maintain the law in a small resort town . The show lasted for two episodes .

neg: Andy Billig Andrew Swire `` Andy '' Billig ( born May 1 , 1968 ) is an American politician of the Democratic Party and co-owner of the Spokane Indians . He is a member of the Washington State Senate , representing the 3rd Legislative District . On November 6 , 2012 , Billig was elected to the Washington State Senate representing the 3rd Legislative District . He currently serves as the Senate Democratic Whip .

neg: Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes .   `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform .   `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges .   The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .

neg: Michael Schur Michael Herbert `` Mike '' Schur ( born October 29 , 1975 ) is an American television producer and writer , best known for his work on the NBC comedy series The Office and Parks and Recreation , the latter of which he co-created along with Greg Daniels . He also co-created the FOX comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine , and created the NBC comedy series The Good Place . Schur is also known for his small role on The Office as Mose Schrute , the cousin of Dwight Schrute .

neg: Shea Farrell Edward Leo `` Shea '' Farrell III is an American actor and producer best known for playing Mark Danning in Aaron Spelling 's series , Hotel .   Shea Farrell was born October 21 , 1957 in Cornwall , New York , to Edward Leo , Jr. and Mary Rose ( née Drummey ) Farrell . He attended Portsmouth Abbey School in Portsmouth , Rhode Island . He originally planned to be a professional football player .   Shea switched from acting to production work in 1997 . He worked on The Practice , Ally McBeal , Boston Public and Boston Legal , all produced by David E. Kelley . He now works in films and on television as an assistant director and unit production manager . He has been a Unit Production Manager Sony Entertainment 's New Media Division/Crackle . com since 2008 .

neg: Andy Juett Andy Juett ( born October 24 , 1977 ) is an American actor , stand-up comedian , writer , producer , host , and comedy event director in Denver , Colorado . He is a partner in Sexpot Comedy and co-founded and co-owns the High Plains Comedy Festival .

neg: Andrew Fois Andrew Fois is an attorney living and working in Washington , D.C. . As of April 9 , 2012 , he will be serving as the Deputy Attorney General for Public Safety in the Office of the Attorney General in Washington , D.C. . In that capacity , Andy will have responsibility , among other duties , for supervision of all juvenile prosecutions , many criminal offenses such as DUI and DWI , victim and neighborhood services and will supervise the work of the General Counsels of five DC public safety agencies . For the previous three years Andy was a Managing Director of the National Crime Prevention Council ( home of McGruff the Crime Dog ) with a wide range of responsibilities involving crime prevention , grant administrations , legal matters , communications , community outreach , government relations and management . During that time he was a frequent analyst on television , radio and the Internet on various political , legal and policy issues .   In 1995 , Andy was nominated by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate to serve as Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legislative Affairs in the United States Department of Justice . He had previously served as an Associate Deputy Attorney General to Deputy AG Jamie Gorelick and as Counsel to Attorney General Janet Reno during which time he helped lead the enactment and implementation of the 1994 comprehensive crime act . This landmark legislation included the COPS program , drug courts , the assault weapons band , the Violence Against Women Act and more .   His private practice includes a partnership in the D.C. office of Venable LLP and work as a solo practitioner . Among his private clients were the National Association of Juvenile and Family Court Judges , the Drug Court Association , a leading cvil rights group , a major think tank and many various businesses and trade associations . Andy was Chief Counsel to the Subcommittee on Crime and Criminal Justice of the Judiciary Committee in the United States House of Representatives helping lead enactment of the Brady bill . From 1985 through 1989 he was an Assistant United States Attorney in the District of Columbia handling trial and appellate cases and serving as the Deputy Chief of the Misdemeanor Division . He has held the position of Senior Fellow at Globalsecurity.org , a national security , web-based think tank . Early in his career Andy was an Assistant State Attorney in Miami-Dade County , Florida .   Andy has taught Criminal Procedure and Trial Practice courses at the Georgetown University Law Center and was also an adjunct professor at Washington College of Law at American University .   Andy frequently appears on television and radio as a legal analyst . He has worked as a contributor to the Fox News Channel . He has written and spoken extensively on legal and public policy issues and was a regular columnist for two local papers in Washington , D.C.   He was recommended twice and nominated once for a seat on the D.C. Superior Court . He has been recognized by several professional awards including the Edmund Randolph Award , the Justice Department 's highest honor for distinguished service . Andy has been a Wasserstein Fellow at Harvard University .   Andy graduated from Georgetown University Law Center in 1983 and Georgetown University in 1979 cum laude with a BA in government and history . He holds a master 's degree from the University of Essex , UK in American Government . He is a member of the bar in Washington , D.C. , New York and Florida as well as the bars of the U.S. District Court , the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court .   His community service includes co-chairing the D.C. Coalition Against Drugs and Violence , a D.C. anti-drug and violence community group . Andy is active in his parish church serving on its Council and in other ministries including the Executive Committee of the Disabilities Ministry . He serves on the Board of Directors of the Catholic Coalition for Special Education . He has been a DC resident for almost all of the past 37 years .

neg: Mrs. California `` Mrs. California '' is the ninth episode of the eighth season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's 161st episode overall . `` Mrs. California '' aired on NBC in the United States on December 1 , 2011 . The episode was written by consulting producer Dan Greaney , marking his first writing credit for the series , and was directed by Charlie Grandy .   The series -- presented as if it were a real documentary -- depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania , branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In the episode , Robert California ( James Spader ) brings his wife ( Maura Tierney ) into the office for a job , and tells Andy Bernard ( Ed Helms ) behind her back not to give her one . Meanwhile , Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) opens a gym in the building and tries to get Darryl Philbin ( Craig Robinson ) to join it .   Tierney was brought in to play the role of California 's wife because showrunner Paul Lieberstein stated that he was `` a big fan of hers '' . `` Mrs. California '' received mixed responses from television critics . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode received 5.74 million viewers and received a 2.9 rating/7 % share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 , staying even with the ratings from the previous episode , `` Gettysburg '' . The episode also ranked at first in its time slot .

neg: Leslie Knope Leslie Barbara Knope ( -LSB- ˈnoʊp -RSB- ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the NBC comedy Parks and Recreation . She is portrayed by Amy Poehler . For most of the show 's run , she serves as Deputy Director of the Parks and Recreation Department of the fictional city of Pawnee , Indiana . An over-achiever , Knope believes the government should serve the people .

neg: Dream Team (The Office) `` Dream Team '' is the twenty-second episode of the fifth season of the television series The Office , and the 94th overall episode of the series . It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 9 , 2009 . In the episode , Pam and Michael try to keep each other motivated as the two form their new paper company together . Michael recruits Ryan for the company , which sets up a new office in the same building complex as Dunder Mifflin . Meanwhile , Jim tries to impress new boss Charles Miner by claiming to be a soccer enthusiast , but it backfires when Dwight convinces the two to face each other in a game .   The episode was written by B. J. Novak and directed by Paul Feig . It included a guest appearance by Idris Elba , who played new Dunder Mifflin vice president Charles Miner . The episode aired the same day as the Office episode `` Michael Scott Paper Company '' ; the debut episode of the new NBC show Parks and Recreation was shown between the two episodes . `` Dream Team '' marked the return of Ryan , who had not appeared on the show since the November 2008 episode `` Frame Toby '' . The episode received generally positive reviews and , according to Nielsen ratings , was watched by 7.2 million viewers and captured the most viewers in its time slot for adults between the ages of 18 and 49 . `` Dream Team '' received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series .