query: Bradford is in France.

pos: Bradford Bradford -LSB- ˈbrædfərd -RSB- is in the Metropolitan Borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire , England , in the foothills of the Pennines 8.6 mi west of Leeds , and 16 mi northwest of Wakefield . Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847 , and received its charter as a city in 1897 . Following local government reform in 1974 , city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough .   Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and it is the fourth largest urban area in the United Kingdom with the Bradford subdivision of the aforementioned urban area having a population of 528,155 .   Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture , particularly wool . It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution , and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements , rapidly becoming the `` wool capital of the world '' . The area 's access to a supply of coal , iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford 's manufacturing base , which , as textile manufacture grew , led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment ; Bradford has a large amount of listed Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall .   The textile sector in Bradford fell into decline from the mid-20th century . Since this time , Bradford has emerged as a tourist destination , becoming the first UNESCO City of Film with attractions such as the National Science and Media Museum , Bradford City Park , the Alhambra theatre and Cartwright Hall . However , Bradford has faced similar challenges to the rest of the post-industrial area of Northern England , including deindustrialisation , social unrest and economic deprivation .

neg: Rebais Rebais is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France .

neg: France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux .   During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day .   In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France .   France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .

neg: Leeds Bradford Airport Leeds Airport redirects here , for the private airport to the East of the city see Leeds East Airport   Leeds Bradford Airport is located at Yeadon , in the City of Leeds Metropolitan District in West Yorkshire , England , 6 NM northwest of Leeds city centre itself . It was opened in October 1931 as Yeadon Aerodrome , and is still often referred to as Yeadon Airport by locals . It serves the cities of Leeds and Bradford , as well as the wider Yorkshire region including the cities of York and Wakefield , and the District of Harrogate , and is the largest airport within Yorkshire . The airport was in public ownership until May 2007 , when it was sold for # 145.5 million to Bridgepoint Capital .   Leeds Bradford has a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence ( Number P800 ) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers and for flight training . The Airport operates to many domestic and European destinations . The airport is also the highest in England at an elevation of 681 ft. By the number of passengers handled in 2016 , Leeds Bradford was the 15th busiest airport in the UK . It is a base for Jet2.com , Monarch Airlines and Ryanair . Thomson Airways is seasonally based at the airport .

neg: Ambleteuse Ambleteuse ( Dutch : Ambeltuwe ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France .

neg: Lyon Lyon ( -LSB- liːˈɒn -RSB- or -LSB- ˈliːɒn -RSB- -LSB- ljɔ̃ -RSB- , locally : -LSB- lijɔ̃ -RSB- Liyon -LSB- - frpʎjɔ̃ -RSB- ) is a city in east-central France , in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region , about 470 km from Paris , 320 km from Marseille and 55 km from Saint-Etienne . Inhabitants of the city are called Lyonnais .   Lyon had a population of 506,615 in 2014 and is France 's third-largest city after Paris and Marseille . Lyon is the capital of the Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . The metropolitan area of Lyon had a population of 2,237,676 in 2013 , the second-largest in France after Paris .   The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy and historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk .   It played a significant role in the history of cinema : Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematographe in Lyon . The city is also known for its famous light festival , Fête des Lumières , which occurs every 8 December and lasts for four days , earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights .   Economically , Lyon is a major centre for banking , as well as for the chemical , pharmaceutical , and biotech industries . The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games , and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector . Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol , Euronews , and International Agency for Research on Cancer . Lyon was ranked 19th globally and second in France for innovation in 2014 . It ranked second in France and 39th globally in Mercer 's 2015 liveability rankings .

neg: Royds, Bradford Royds ( population 16,350 - 2001 UK census ) is a Ward in Bradford Metropolitan District in the county of West Yorkshire , England . The population at the 2011 Census was 17,360 .   Starting from the north end of Royds , the areas covered are Horton Bank Bottom which is shared with Great Horton Ward , then Buttershaw which makes the bulk of the ward , then a portion of the south-west side of Wibsey village . South of Halifax Road is Woodside , east of which is part of Low Moor village , the rest of which is in Wyke ward . At the south end of the ward is the more rural hamlet of Royds Hall .

neg: List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) .   The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .

neg: Roadstead of Brest The roadstead of Brest ( rade de Brest ) is a roadstead or bay located in the Finistère department in Brittany in northwestern France . The surface area is about 180 km ² ( 70 sq mi ) . The port of Brest and one of the two French naval bases , Brest Arsenal , are located on its northern edge . It is linked to the Atlantic Ocean ( called the Iroise Sea at this point ) by the Goulet de Brest , a strait about 1.8 km wide . Three main rivers drain into the roadstead : the Penfeld ( the town of Brest and the first buildings of the naval base were built on  its banks ) , the Élorn ( or river of Landerneau ) and the Aulne ( or river of Châteaulin ) .

neg: Villeneuve-d'Ascq Villeneuve-d'Ascq ( -LSB- vil.nœv.dask -RSB- ) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France . With more than 60,000 inhabitants and 50,000 students , it is one of the main cities of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole and the largest in area ( 27.46 km2 ) after Lille ; it is also one of the main cities of the Hauts-de-France region .   Built up owing to the merger between Ascq , Annappes and Flers-lez-Lille communes , the new town is the cradle of the first automatic metro system of the world ( VAL ) .   Villeneuve-d'Ascq is nicknamed the ` green technopole ' thanks to the implantation of many researchers - the campus of Lille University of Science and Technology , Charles de Gaulle University -- Lille III and many graduate engineering school - and companies in a pleasant living environment . Owing to its activity centres , its Haute Borne European scientific park and two shopping malls , Villeneuve-d'Ascq is one of the main economic spots of the Hauts-de-France region ; multinational corporations such as Bonduelle , Cofidis and Decathlon have their head office there .   Outside its academic , scientific and business facilities , Villeneuve-d'Ascq is mostly known because of its sporting events -- two stadiums ( Stade Pierre-Mauroy and Stadium Lille Métropole ) are located there and some of its sport teams are playing in the top division ; its museums -- the most famous is the one of modern , contemporary and outsider art ( the LaM ) ; its green ways and its medical facilities for disabled people .

neg: Brittany (disambiguation) Brittany is a historical province of France . It may also refer to the following affiliation :  Duchy of Brittany , an historical administrative unit  Brittany ( administrative region ) , the present-day administrative region of Brittany , in France , which is smaller than the historical province of Brittany   Brittany may also refer to :  Brittany ( dog ) , a breed of dog  Brittany , Louisiana , a community in the United States  French Brittany ( dog ) , a breed of dog  Brittany ( name ) , a feminine name ( variants include Britnee , Britney , Brittney ) .  , one of a number of ships  Brittany Apartment Building , Cincinnati , Ohio  `` Britney/Brittany '' , an episode of Glee

neg: Low Moor, Bradford Low Moor is a village in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire , England .

neg: Bradford GO Station Bradford GO Station is a railway station and bus station in the GO Transit network located in Bradford , Ontario in Canada . It is 67 km north of Union Station in downtown Toronto , and was the terminus of the Bradford line before it was extended to Barrie and renamed the Barrie line on December 17 , 2007 .

neg: Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951 . Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a `` triumphant success '' as people :  flocked to the South Bank site , to wander around the Dome of Discovery , gaze at the Skylon , and generally enjoy a festival of national celebration . Up and down the land , lesser festivals enlisted much civic and voluntary enthusiasm . A people curbed by years of total war and half-crushed by austerity and gloom , showed that it had not lost the capacity for enjoying itself ... Above all , the Festival made a spectacular setting as a showpiece for the inventiveness and genius of British scientists and technologists .   Labour cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover ; in 1947 he started with the original plan to celebrate the centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . However it was not to be another World Fair , for international themes were absent , as was the British Commonwealth . Instead the 1951 festival focused entirely on Britain and its achievements ; it was funded chiefly by the government , with a budget of # 12 million . The Labour government was losing support and so the implicit goal of the festival was to give the people a feeling of successful recovery from the war 's devastation , as well as promoting British science , technology , industrial design , architecture and the arts .   The Festival 's centrepiece was in London on the South Bank of the Thames . There were events in Poplar ( Architecture ) , Battersea ( The Festival Pleasure Gardens ) , South Kensington ( Science ) and Glasgow ( Industrial Power ) . Festival celebrations took place in Cardiff , Stratford-upon-Avon , Bath , Perth , Bournemouth , York , Aldeburgh , Inverness , Cheltenham , Oxford , Norwich , Canterbury and elsewhere and there were touring exhibitions by land and sea .   The Festival became a `` beacon for change '' that proved immensely popular with thousands of elite visitors and millions of popular ones . It helped reshape British arts , crafts , designs and sports for a generation . Journalist Harry Hopkins highlights the widespread impact of the `` Festival style '' . They called it `` Contemporary '' . It was :  clean , bright and new ... . It caught hold quickly and spread first across London and then across England ... In an island hitherto largely given up to gravy browns and dull greens , `` Contemporary '' boldly espoused strong primary colors .

neg: Harold Park, Bradford Harold Park is a small urban park in Low Moor , Bradford , West Yorkshire , England .  The park is open all day all year round .  To the immediate north of Harold Park is Horsfall Stadium home to Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C. and Albion Sports A.F.C.  Park Dam is a short walking distance to the south .   The park has been given a Green Flag Award  and the Platinum award from The Royal Horticultural Society Yorkshire in Bloom for open spaces .

neg: Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture .   British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital .   The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine .   The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .

neg: Vénérolles Vénérolles is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France . It is 10km north of Guise , and 40km south east of Cambrai .   The church of Saint-Timothée dates from the 16th century .   The Canal de la Sambre à l'Oise flows through the village .

neg: Bradford derby The Bradford derby is a football derby match played between Bradford City and Bradford Park Avenue .   The derby has also been called the Wool City derby , referring to Bradford 's history with the wool trade . The two clubs are the only two from Bradford to have played professional league football .   The rivalry was a regular league one across all four Football League tiers , first played in 1914 , until 1969 . However Bradford Park Avenue 's failed re-election to the Football League in 1970 and subsequent liquidation in 1974 meant the game has only been played in friendly fixtures since .   The Tom Banks Memorial Trophy is awarded to the winner of this match .

neg: Marseille-en-Beauvaisis Marseille-en-Beauvaisis is a commune in the Oise department in northern France .

neg: Bradford Bulls Bradford Bulls R.L.F.C. are a professional rugby league club in Bradford , West Yorkshire , England , which currently plays in the Championship . They have won the Challenge Cup five times , the league championship six times and the World Club Challenge three times . Bradford play their home games at Odsal Stadium . The team jersey is white with red , amber and black chevrons .   In 1907 , founder member of the Rugby Football League ( RFL ) Bradford F.C. switched codes to association football , and Bradford Northern ( later Bradford Bulls ) was formed by members who wished to continue rugby . Bradford Northern were renamed Bradford Bulls in 1996 , at the start of Super League . Bradford 's main rivalry was with Leeds ; they also had rivalries with Huddersfield and Halifax .   The club entered administration in 2012 , and again in 2014 and 2016 . Despite several bids to take over the club , none of the bids were accepted by the administrators and on 3 January 2017 the club went into liquidation . Immediately the RFL announced the criteria and invited bids to form a `` new club ''  , which ultimately acted as an immediate resurrection of the Bulls which retained the history , club colours , badge , home stadium and a several players from the 2016 squad . Due to the administration and liquidation , the club started the 2017 season with a 12-point deduction .

neg: Pontoise Pontoise ( -LSB- pɔ̃twɑz -RSB- ) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 28.4 km from the centre of Paris , in the `` new town '' of Cergy-Pontoise .


query: Alfred Hitchcock used forms of editing.

pos: Alfred Hitchcock Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock ( 13 August 1899 -- 29 April 1980 ) was an English film director and producer , at times referred to as `` The Master of Suspense '' . He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres . He had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as England 's best director . Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939 , and became a U.S. citizen in 1955 .   Hitchcock became a highly visible public figure through interviews , movie trailers , cameo appearances in his own films , and the ten years in which he hosted the television programme Alfred Hitchcock Presents ( 1955 -- 1965 ) . He also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style . Hitchcock 's stylistic trademarks include the use of camera movement that mimics a person 's gaze , forcing viewers to engage in a form of voyeurism . In addition , he framed shots to maximise anxiety , fear , or empathy , and used innovative forms of film editing . His work often features fugitives on the run alongside `` icy blonde '' female characters . In 1978 , film critic John Russell Taylor described Hitchcock as `` the most universally recognizable person in the world '' , and `` a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius '' .   Prior to 1980 , there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film . Critic Roger Ebert wrote : `` Other British directors like Sir Carol Reed and Sir Charlie Chaplin were knighted years ago , while Hitchcock , universally considered by film students to be one of the greatest filmmakers of all time , was passed over '' . Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours .   Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history . Following a 2007 critics ' poll by Britain 's Daily Telegraph in which he was ranked Britain 's greatest filmmaker , one scholar wrote : `` Hitchcock did more than any director to shape modern cinema , which would be utterly different without him . His flair was for narrative , cruelly withholding crucial information ( from his characters and from the audience ) and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else . '' Hitchcock 's first thriller , The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog ( 1926 ) , helped shape the thriller genre in film . His 1929 film , Blackmail , is often cited as the first British sound feature film , while Rear Window ( 1954 ) , Vertigo ( 1958 ) , North by Northwest ( 1959 ) , and Psycho ( 1960 ) are regularly ranked among the greatest films of all time .

neg: American Cinema Editors Founded in 1950 , American Cinema Editors ( ACE ) is an honorary society of film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements , their education of others , and their dedication to editing . The society is not to be confused with an industry union , such as the I.A.T.S.E. ( specifically the Motion Picture Editors Guild or MPEG ) to which an editor might belong . The current President of ACE is Alan Heim .

neg: Gothic film The Gothic film is a film that is based on Gothic fiction or contains Gothic elements . Since various definite film genres -- including science fiction , film noir , thriller , and comedy -- have used Gothic elements , the Gothic film is challenging to define clearly as a genre . Gothic elements have also infused the horror film genre , contributing supernatural and nightmarish elements . To create a Gothic atmosphere , filmmakers have sought to create new camera tricks that challenge audiences ' perceptions . Gothic films also reflected contemporary issues . A New Companion to The Gothics Heidi Kaye said `` strong visuals , a focus on sexuality and an emphasis on audience response '' characterize Gothic films like they did the literary works . The Encyclopedia of the Gothic said the foundation of Gothic film was the combination of Gothic literature , stage melodrama , and German expressionism .   In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction , Misha Kavka says Gothic film is not an established genre , rather contributing Gothic images , plots , characters , and styles to films . These elements are often found in `` the broader category of horror '' . Kavka quotes William Patrick Day 's definition of the Gothic , '' -LSB- it -RSB- tantalizes us with fear , both as its subject and its effect ; its does so , however , not primarily through characters or plots or even language , but through spectacle '' . Cinema suits the Gothic definition in creating images that establish the spectacle .

neg: Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras .   The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization .   The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor .   Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .

neg: Renzo Lucidi Renzo Lucidi was an Italian film editor who worked on more than sixty films between 1940 and 1992 . He worked with Orson Welles several times , including editing Mr. Arkadin ( 1955 ) .

neg: The Bonnie Brier Bush The Bonnie Brier Bush is a 1921 British drama film directed by Donald Crisp . Alfred Hitchcock is credited as a title designer . The film is considered to be lost .

neg: Roland West Roland West ( February 20 , 1885 -- March 31 , 1952 ) was a Hollywood director known for his innovative proto-film noir movies of the 1920s and early 1930s .

neg: Appearances (film) Appearances is a 1921 British drama film directed by Donald Crisp . Alfred Hitchcock is credited as a title designer . It is a lost film .

neg: The World of Alfred Hitchcock The World of Alfred Hitchcock is a 1976 Danish T.V. documentary directed by Annett Wolf , about the English film director Alfred Hitchcock . Shot after the completion of Family Plot , it was part of a series of films she made in Hollywood during the one year leave of absence she took from DR ( broadcaster )

neg: Alma Reville Alma Lucy Reville , Lady Hitchcock ( 14 August 1899 -- 6 July 1982 ) , was an English-American screenwriter and editor , best known for her work with Alfred Hitchcock , whom she married in December 1926 .

neg: British and Dominions Imperial Studios British and Dominions Imperial Studios was a short-lived British film production company located at Imperial Place , Elstree Way , Borehamwood , Hertfordshire that was active from 1929 to 1936 , when it ceased production when the studio facilities were destroyed by fire .   British and Dominion Imperial was a successor to British National Pictures , which began operations in 1925 and was taken over by British International Pictures in 1927 . In the horizontal integration industrial production paradigm that characterized the motion picture industry before the Great Depression , British and Dominion Imperial was incorporated for the purpose of physically producing sound films , and the new studio at Borehamwood was the first purpose-built sound studio in Europe . Blackmail ( 1929 ) , directed by Alfred Hitchcock and the first British talkie , was made at the facility by the company .   Other filmmakers who worked for British and Dominions Imperial included producer Anthony Havelock-Allan , who made Lancashire Luck ( 1937 ) there . Alexander Korda 's London Films produced The Private Life of Henry VIII , which featured an Oscar-winning performance by Charles Laughton , at British and Dominion Imperial .   The studio was destroyed by fire on 9 February 1936 . The Herbert Wilcox production London Melody ( 1937 ) had to be completed at Pinewood Studios .   In 1996 , a plaque was placed at the location of the former studio .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho is a non-fiction book by Stephen Rebello . It details the creation of director Alfred Hitchcock 's 1960 thriller Psycho   The book was first published in April 15 , 1990 by Dembner Books , and distributed by W. W. Norton and Company . Stephen Rebello researched the film thoroughly through Hitchcock 's personal records and archives and he interviewed virtually every surviving cast and crew member . Prior to the book 's publication , Rebello 's initial research appeared as a 22-page article in the April 1986 issue of Cinefantastique magazine entitled `` Psycho : The Making of Alfred Hitchcock 's Masterpiece '' . That research was expanded for the book version .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs .   A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Scene (filmmaking) In filmmaking and video production , a scene is generally thought of as the action in a single location and continuous time . Due to the ability to edit recorded visual works , it is much shorter than a stage play scene .  Because of their frequent appearance in films , some types of scenes have acquired names , such as love scene , sex scene , nude scene , dream scene , action scene , car chase scene , crash scene , etc. . There is usually an opening scene and a closing scene .   A scene is a part of a film , as well as an act , a sequence ( longer or shorter than a scene ) , and a setting ( usually shorter than a scene ) . While the terms refer to a set sequence and continuity of observation , resulting from the handling of the camera or by the editor , the term scene refers to the continuity of the observed action - an association of time , place or characters . The term may refer to the division of the film from the screenplay , from the finished film , or it may only occur in the mind of the spectator who is trying to close on a logic of action . For example , parts of an action film at the same location , that play at different times can also consist of several scenes . Likewise , there can be parallel action scenes at different locations usually in separate scenes , except that they would be connected by media such as telephone , video , etc. .   In contrast , the traditional movie script was divided into acts , but those categories are less frequently used in the digital technology . The scene is important for the unity of the action of the film , while a stage drama is typically divided into acts . The division of a movie into scenes is usually done in the script . Some action scenes need to be planned very carefully .

neg: Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera , and to finished motion picture film , ready for use in a projector , which bears images in color .   The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902 . A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor . These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters .   Around 1920 , the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced . These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images , but the final product was a multicolored print that did not require special projection equipment . Before 1932 , when three-strip Technicolor was introduced , commercialized subtractive processes used only two color components and could reproduce only a limited range of color .   In 1935 , Kodachrome was introduced , followed by Agfacolor in 1936 . They were intended primarily for amateur home movies and `` slides '' . These were the first films of the `` integral tripack '' type , coated with three layers of differently color-sensitive emulsion , which is usually what is meant by the words `` color film '' as commonly used . The few color films still being made in the 2010s are of this type . The first color negative films and corresponding print films were modified versions of these films . They were introduced around 1940 but only came into wide use for commercial motion picture production in the early 1950s . In the US , Eastman Kodak 's Eastmancolor was the usual choice , but it was often re-branded with another trade name , such as `` WarnerColor '' , by the studio or the film processor .   Later color films were standardized into two distinct processes : Eastman Color Negative 2 chemistry ( camera negative stocks , duplicating interpositive and internegative stocks ) and Eastman Color Positive 2 chemistry ( positive prints for direct projection ) , usually abbreviated as ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Fuji 's products are compatible with ECN-2 and ECP-2 .   Film was the dominant form of cinematography until the 2010s , when it was largely replaced by digital cinematography .

neg: Non-linear editing system Non-destructive editing is a form of audio , video or image editing where the original content is not modified in the course of editinginstead the edits themselves are specified and modified by specialized software . A pointer-based playlisteffectively an edit decision list ( EDL ) for video or a directed acyclic graph for still images is used to keep track of edits . Each time the edited audio , video , or image is rendered , played back , or accessed , it is reconstructed from the original source and the specified editing steps . Although this process is more computationally intensive than directly modifying the original content , changing the edits themselves can be almost instantaneous , and it prevents further generation loss as the audio , video , or image is edited .   A non-linear editing system ( NLE ) is a video ( NLVE ) or audio editing ( NLAE ) digital audio workstation ( DAW ) system that performs non-destructive editing on source material . The name is in contrast to 20th century methods of linear video editing and film editing .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology – Volume 2 Alfred Hitchcock 's Anthology -- Volume 2 is the second installment in the Alfred Hitchcock 's Anthology series . Originally published in hardcover as Alfred Hitchcock 's Tales to Take Your Breath Away in 1977 , this issue contains 29 stories from Alfred Hitchcock 's Mystery Magazine that , by the editors , were believed to be the best published the preceding year ( 1977 ) .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Substitution splice The substitution splice is a cinematic special effect in which film makers achieve an appearance , disappearance , or transformation using a cut . It is sometimes also called the stop trick or the stop motion substitution , although the effect is achieved through film editing rather than by literally stopping the camera .   The pioneering French filmmaker Georges Méliès claimed to have accidentally developed substitution splicing while filming street traffic at the Place de l'Opéra in Paris . According to his story , his camera jammed and stopped ; by the time he had solved the difficulty , the traffic had moved on . When the film was screened , a man appeared to change into a woman , and an omnibus seemed to turn into a hearse . No evidence has emerged to support this story , which was probably entirely invented by Méliès . According to the film scholar Jacques Deslandes , it is more likely that Méliès discovered the substitution splice by carefully examining a print of the Edison Manufacturing Company 's 1895 film The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots , in which a primitive version of the trick appears . In any case , the substitution splice was both the first special effect Méliès perfected , and the most important in his body of work .   For some time , film theorists mistakenly believed that the camera was actually stopped for the effect , and then restarted ( hence the occasionally used term `` stop trick '' ) . However , later film historians such as Richard Abel and Elizabeth Ezra established that the effect was the result of Méliès 's careful frame matching during the editing process , creating a seamless match cut out of two separately staged shots . Indeed , Méliès often used substitution splicing not as an obvious special effect , but as an inconspicuous editing technique , matching and combining short takes into one apparently seamless longer shot . Substitution splicing could become even more seamless when the film was colored by hand , as many of Méliès 's films were ; the addition of painted color acts as a sleight of hand technique allowing the cuts to pass by unnoticed .   The substitution splice was the most popular cinematic special effect in early film fantasies , especially those that evolved from the stage tradition of the féerie . Segundo de Chomón is among the other filmmakers who used substitution splicing to create elaborate fantasy effects . D.W. Griffith 's 1909 film The Curtain Pole , starring Mack Sennett , used substitution splices for comedic effect . The transformations made possible by the substitution splice were so central to early fantasy films that , in France , such films were often described simply as scènes à transformation .   This technique is different from the stop motion technique , in which the entire shot is created frame by frame .

neg: Double Take (2009 film) Double Take is a 2009 essay film , directed by Johan Grimonprez and written by Tom McCarthy . The plot is set during the Cold War and combines both documentary and fictional elements . The protagonist is a fictionalised version of Alfred Hitchcock . The backdrop of the film charts the rise of the television in the domestic setting and with it , the ensuing commodification of fear during the cold war .   Double Take is a Belgian-Dutch-German co-production and premiered in Europe at the 2009 Berlin Film Festival and in the U.S. at the 2010 Sundance film Festival .


query: Kristen Stewart received widespread recognition in 2013.

pos: Kristen Stewart Kristen Jaymes Stewart ( born ) is an American actress and model . Born in Los Angeles to parents working in show business , Stewart began her acting career in 1999 with uncredited roles and a minor character appearance in several films . She gained notice in 2002 for playing Jodie Foster 's daughter in the thriller Panic Room , which garnered her a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Leading Actress in a Feature Film . She went on to star in Speak ( 2004 ) , Catch That Kid ( 2004 ) , Zathura ( 2005 ) , and Into The Wild ( 2007 ) , for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award . She received widespread recognition in 2008 for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga film series ( 2008 -- 12 ) , which grossed over $ 3.3 billion worldwide .   Stewart has appeared in a wide variety of films , including Adventureland ( 2009 ) , The Runaways ( 2010 ) , Snow White and the Huntsman ( 2012 ) , On the Road ( 2012 ) , Camp X-Ray ( 2014 ) , Still Alice ( 2014 ) and Equals ( 2015 ) . She won the BAFTA Rising Star Award in 2010 and was awarded the Milan International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 2011 for Welcome to the Rileys ( 2010 ) . In 2015 , she received critical acclaim for her role opposite Juliette Binoche in Clouds of Sils Maria , for which she won a multitude of accolades , including the César Award for Best Supporting Actress , making her the first American actress to win a César Award . She starred in Personal Shopper ( 2016 ) , written for her by director Olivier Assayas , who had worked with her in the previous film .   Stewart was listed as the highest-earning female actress in the Vanity Fair `` Hollywood Top Earners List of 2010 , '' with an estimated earning of $ 28.5 million . In 2011 , she was named number one on Forbes list of `` Hollywood 's Best Actors for the Buck . '' Forbes also named her as the highest paid actress in 2012 , with total earnings of $ 34.5 million . She is the `` face '' of Chanel and Balenciaga fashion brands .

neg: Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench ( born 9 December 1934 ) , known as Judi Dench , is an English actress and author . Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company . Over the following few years , she performed in several of Shakespeare 's plays in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth . Although most of her work during this period was in theatre , she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer . She drew strong reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968 .   Over the next two decades , Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers , working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company . She achieved success in television during this period , in the series A Fine Romance from 1981 until 1984 , and in 1992 with a starring role in the romantic comedy series As Time Goes By . Her film appearances were infrequent and included supporting roles in major films such as A Room with a View ( 1986 ) supporting Maggie Smith , before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye ( 1995 ) , a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall ( 2012 ) .   A seven-time Oscar nominee , Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love and has received nominations for her roles in Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , Chocolat ( 2000 ) , Iris ( 2001 ) , Mrs Henderson Presents ( 2005 ) , Notes on a Scandal ( 2006 ) , and Philomena ( 2013 ) . She has also received many award nominations for her acting in theatre , film and television ; her competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards , four BAFTA TV Awards , seven Olivier Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globes , and a Tony Award . She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship ( 2001 ) and the Special Olivier Award ( 2004 ) . In June 2011 , she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute ( BFI ) . Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) .

neg: UniteWomen.org UniteWomen.org is a national non-partisan 501 ( c ) 3 tax exempt non-profit organization with a mission of ending inequality for women that stems from prejudice and discrimination and to defend and advance the human and civil rights of women and girls . The organization was formed in Michigan in February 2012 . It developed in response to the War on Women , a series of legislative actions in the United States which negatively affect women .   The group has organized several marches , including a march in Jackson , Mississippi , to oppose `` 32 bills introduced this session restricting women 's access to health care '' and a nationwide march on April 28 , 2012 that took place in major cities across the United States . The group has been endorsed by American Association of University Women , National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health , the The Coalition of Labor Union Women and The Coffee Party USA . The march in April 2012 was promoted by Barbara Hannah Grufferman   Karen Teegarden , President of UniteWomen.org , appeared on The Authentic Woman , along with National Organization for Women President , Terry O'Neill . The two women 's rights leaders were interviewed by radio host , Shannon Fisher , about The State of Women 's Rights in America .   The organization was a partner in the Suffrage Centennial Celebration in 2013 , which was a week of events in Washington leading up to a reenactment of the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913 Other partners in the Suffrage Centennial Celebration were the National Women 's History Museum , Sewall-Belmont House & Museum , the Smithsonian 's National Museum of American History , the Newseum , American Association of University Women , Daughters of the American Revolution , Delta Sigma Theta , the National Archives , the Turning Point Suffragist Memorial , the National Press Club , and The George Washington University Lisner Auditorium .   UniteWomen.org 's `` Unite Against Rape '' campaign raised public awareness of the issues of rape , human trafficking and violence against women . An array of legislators , journalists and celebrities participated in the campaign , including U.S. Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine ; comedians Roseanne Barr , Margaret Cho , Annabelle Gurwitch and Lois Bromfield ; social justice advocate Sandra Fluke ; Philadelphia Eagles defensive tackle , Ronnie Cameron , musician Courtney Love ; social and political commentators Meghan McCain , Alexandria Goddard ( the Steubenville blogger ) , Leslie Salzillo , Kimberley A. Johnson and Tanya Tatum ; XoJane writers and editors Jane Pratt , Mandy Stadtmiller , Alison Freer , Marci Robin and Julia Allison ; actors Yuri Lowenthal , Pia Glenn and Sharon Gardner ; celebrity artist Tormented Sugar ; writers Herman Williams , III , Pat Bertram , Michele Rolle and Toni Morrison ; executive director of the Military Rape Crisis Center , Panayiota Bertzikis ; and celebrity relationship experts Dr. Gilda Carle and Dr. Sheri Meyers . The campaign was co-founded by UniteWomen.org executive committee members Renee Davis , Karen Teegarden , Shannon Fisher and Sarah Warfield Chamberlin . The team also partnered with Rape , Abuse & Incest National Network for a national RAINN Day campaign to raise awareness of sexual assault on college campuses .

neg: This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .

neg: The Husband She Met Online The Husband She Met Online is a television film that premiered on Lifetime on October 26 , 2013 .

neg: The Most with Alison Stewart The Most is an American television news program on MSNBC . Broadcast live at 12:00 PM ET daily , the program focused on the top news stories of the day people are looking at on MSNBC.com . In addition , the program also aired `` the most watched or sought after '' material on the Internet , including the most watched viral videos of the day .   The show was hosted by Alison Stewart , with contributors Tony Maciulis and the shows producer appearing in the program . MSNBC anchors Chris Jansing , JJ Ramberg , Keith Olbermann , correspondent Monica Novotny , and Rita Cosby served as substitute hosts on the program .   When The Most moved to its final timeslot in December 2006 , a new feature was added . An exclusive online webcast of the program aired from 11:58 AM through to the end of the first commercial . Web-exclusive content aired during the television commercial break .

neg: List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! ''   Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber .   Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .

neg: Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist .   It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . ''   The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist .   Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 .   Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year .   1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .

neg: Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 .   Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) .   Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .

neg: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 .   As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) .   In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place :   __ TOC __

neg: MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss This is a following list for the MTV Movie Award winners and nominees for Best Kiss . Kristen Stewart & Robert Pattinson won for `` The Twilight Saga films '' ( along with `` Best Movie '' ) in four consecutive years ( 2009-2012 ) .

neg: It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook It Had to Be You : The Great American Songbook is the first album of American pop standards recorded by British musician Rod Stewart . It was released on 22 October 2002 , and became the first in a five-volume series .   The album was Stewart 's first release for J Records . It included his second recording of `` Every Time We Say Goodbye . ''   A live DVD of the same title was released on 4 February 2003 , which featured performances of material from the studio album as well as Stewart 's earlier material .

neg: Camouflage (Rod Stewart album) Camouflage is a studio album released by Rod Stewart on 18 June 1984 ( see 1984 in music ) . It was Stewart 's 13th studio album and was released on Warner Bros. . Records ( WEA 925 095-1 ) . Three singles came from this album . They were `` Infatuation '' , `` Some Guys Have All the Luck '' , and a cover of the Free hit `` All Right Now '' . The album marked a reunion of sorts between Stewart and Jeff Beck , who plays guitar on several tracks , as the two had been members of the influential 1960s group The Jeff Beck Group .

neg: Phoenix Productions Phoenix Productions is a New York based creative studio that produces advertising , television , film and video production company . The company was formed in 2005 by Chris Phoenix to create the show open and graphics package for Bravo 's Battle of the Network Reality Stars . It has since expanded into marketing , advertising and other programming , most notably the Comedy Central series Important Things With Demetri Martin and Jon Stewart 's `` Night of Too Many Stars '' .  The company bills itself as a combination creative agency , production company and post-production house .

neg: Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .

neg: List of awards and nominations received by Star Trek: The Next Generation Star Trek : The Next Generation is an American science fiction television program that originally aired from September 1987 to May 1994 . It won and was nominated for a variety of awards , including seven Emmy Award nominations for the first season , and a further eight in its second season . It would go on to be nominated a total of 58 times , of which it won a total of nineteen awards . Only one of these nominations was not for a Creative Arts Emmy , which was the nomination for Outstanding Drama Series for the show 's seventh season .   Cast member Wil Wheaton was nominated on three occasions for a Youth in Film Award , which he won in 1989 . Further nominations were received by guest actors Kimberly Cullum and Gabriel Damon at the 16th Youth in Film Awards in 1995 . The only other nomination for a single actor was the Screen Actors Guild Award received by Patrick Stewart for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series in the award 's inaugural session in 1995 .   As of January 1 , 2013 , Star Trek : The Next Generation has been nominated for 85 different awards , of which it has won 31 . Despite the series ending in 1994 , it has continued to win awards in special recognition of the series , and for the DVD releases . In this list , `` year '' refers to the year the award was presented to the winner .

neg: Jean Smart Jean Elizabeth Smart ( born September 13 , 1951 ) is an American film , television , and stage actress . After beginning her career in regional theater in the Pacific Northwest , she appeared on Broadway as Marlene Dietrich in Piaf in 1981 . Smart was later cast in a lead role as Charlene Frazier Stillfield on the CBS sitcom Designing Women , which she played from 1986 to 1991 .   She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the 2000 Broadway revival of The Man Who Came to Dinner , and would go on to win two Emmy Awards for her role as Lana Gardener on the NBC sitcom Frasier ( 2000 -- 01 ) , and a third Emmy in 2008 for her role as Regina Newley on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? ( 2007 -- 09 ) .   Her film credits include The Brady Bunch Movie ( 1995 ) , Guinevere ( 1999 ) , Sweet Home Alabama ( 2002 ) , I Heart Huckabees ( 2004 ) , and The Accountant ( 2016 ) . Between 2006 and 2007 , she portrayed Martha Logan on the series 24 , and later starred as Floyd Gerhardt on Noah Hawley 's critically acclaimed FX series Fargo ( 2015 ) , which earned her a Critics ' Choice Television Award as well as an Emmy Award nomination . Since 2017 , she stars in the FX series Legion , also by Hawley .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Not Another Happy Ending Not Another Happy Ending is a 2013 British romantic comedy film directed by John McKay , starring Karen Gillan , Stanley Weber and Freya Mavor . Produced by Claire Mundell and Wendy Griffin , and written by David Solomons , the film premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 30 June 2013 .   It was largely shot in Glasgow 's Merchant City .

neg: Kristen Kelly Kristen Kelly is an American country music singer from Lorena , Texas . She is signed to Arista Nashville and has released her debut single , `` Ex-Old Man '' . The song is the first from her forthcoming debut album , produced by Tony Brown and Paul Overstreet . Country Universe gave the song a B + , praising the sound as `` back-to-basics '' . It debuted at number 60 on the Hot Country Songs chart dated May 12 , 2012 .   Kelly has also joined Brad Paisley 's 2012 Virtual Reality World Tour .   There has been controversy over her debut single using a riff without permission from New Zealand band OMC 's single `` How Bizarre '' , which reached number one in the US in 1997 .

neg: Fans4Writers Fans4Writers is a fan activist movement which supported the striking writers of the WGA during the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike . The organization was not associated with the WGA , and indeed was notable for its unprecedented show of solidarity by individuals who were neither directly involved in contract negotiations , nor had a financial stake in the outcome .   While the group was first proposed by fans of Joss Whedon , it came to embrace more than 40 self-identified fandoms . They called themselves `` fans of TV shows and movies , fans of actors , fans of directors , fans of producers , crew and everyone involved in the team effort of crafting wonder . But most of all we are fans of writers , because they are where the wonder begins . They write the words we remember , they create the characters we love , they think up the lines that stay with us forever . As supporters of the people behind the scenes , who develop and write the stories that have meant so much to so many , we wanted to do something tangible to show them that we support the Writers Guild of America strike . ''   Fans4Writers solicitied financial support for its activities , which included bringing food to picket lines and skywriting messages of support at the Rose Bowl . Money left over after the strike was contributed to the WGA Strike Fund .   The organization stated its support for `` the writers in their fight for fair treatment and equitable pay ... with our thoughts , with food deliveries , with money , and we will pick up signs and march with them until a resolution is found . We do it in appreciation , and because it 's right . ''   The Internet-based fan movement received some online press coverage ancillary to the strike itself , and Brenda Lawhorn , Fans4writers ' Campaign Coordinator , was interviewed on Public Radio International 's Fair Game .   However , WGA member and Battlestar Galactica writer Jane Espenson was quoted on fan involvement :  `` I 'm not sure that -LSB- fan involvement -RSB- , which is so clear on the Internet , is being made as clear as it could be in the mainstream press ... it 's the stuff with the mainstream , grassroots fans who come out in amazing numbers and send us food on the picket lines every day ... that 's a bigger part of our everyday strike experience than the involvement of the movie stars . ''   The organization 's existence and activities highlighted one of the main sticking points in the contract negotiations -- the significance of the Internet and other `` new media '' distribution channels . The fan involvement in the strike could also be seen as an outgrowth of trends in which the audience had become more vocal as consumers of entertainment . Striking writers closed the circle by soliciting fan action on their behalf and specifically referring those upset at the loss of their favorite programs to the Fans4writers website , alongside the WGA 's own strike site , in order to register their sentiments and become involved .   Successful use of the internet to organize `` save our show '' campaigns had garnered significant attention , as when supporters of Jericho inundated CBS with grievances in protest of the program 's cancellation . This and other similar fan-organized publicity stunts on behalf of television shows appeared to have inspired WGA strikers themselves to undertake a similar campaign of sending pencils to the CEOs of the media conglomerates in a position to influence the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers .   Fans4Writers received designation as Yahoo.com 's Site of the Day on November 21 , 2007 .


query: The Vampire Diaries is based on a popular book series by an American author.

pos: The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith . The series premiered on The CW on September 10 , 2009 and concluded on March 10 , 2017 , airing 171 episodes over eight seasons .   The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006 . The first season averaged 3.60 million viewers . It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow . The show has received numerous award nominations , winning four People 's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards .   On April 26 , 2013 , The CW officially announced that the spin-off The Originals , which focuses on the Original family of vampires , had been ordered to series , and the show began airing during the 2013 -- 14 American television season .   On April 6 , 2015 , lead actress Nina Dobrev confirmed via Instagram that she and co-star Michael Trevino ( who plays Tyler Lockwood ) would be leaving the show after its sixth season . Dobrev returned to record a voiceover for the seventh-season finale . Trevino appeared as a guest star in season seven and returned for season 8 . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for an eighth season , but on July 23 , 2016 , announced that the eighth season , which would have 16 episodes , would be the show 's last . The final season began airing on October 21 , 2016 .

neg: Buffy/Angel novels Buffy/Angel crossover books involve characters and places from both TV shows .

neg: Bloodlines (Mead novel) Bloodlines is the first book in the spin-off series of the Vampire Academy series by American author Richelle Mead . It follows the story of narrator Sydney Sage , the alchemist who helped Rose in Blood Promise , Spirit Bound and Last Sacrifice .   The book was released on August 23 , 2011 .

neg: Tales of the Vampires Tales of the Vampires is a five issue American comic book limited series ( later collected in a single trade paperback ) , published by Dark Horse Comics and set in the Buffyverse . It comprises an anthology of short stories written by Joss Whedon , Jane Espenson , Ben Edlund , and Drew Goddard . Each story tells the tale of one or more Buffyverse vampires , and the otherwise unrelated collection is strung together by a bridging story written by Whedon .   The anthology is presented as a series of stories told by an ancient vampire to a group of young Watchers . Tales of the Vampires is the tale of that storytelling session and functions as a bridge among the other items in the anthology . The stories in this series are generally considered to be an official part of the Buffyverse canon .   Dark Horse published a new one-shot special based on the Tales of the Vampires concept by Becky Cloonan , Vasilis Lolos , Gabriel Bá and Fabio Moon in June 2009 . Specifically , this one-shot is a tie-in with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight storyline following `` Harmonic Divergence '' in which vampires become very popular with the public at large .

neg: Vampire Hunter D: American Wasteland Vampire Hunter D : American Wasteland is a comic book mini-series based on the popular Vampire Hunter D franchise , set to be published by Devil 's Due Publishing . The series was announced in July 2008 , but was confirmed to be cancelled at the 2009 Long Beach Comic Con , as a result of creative differences between Devil 's Due and the license holders . The story would have followed the typical Vampire Hunter D set-up and remained true to the mythos , but with a `` noticeably North American feel . '' It was to be written by Jimmy Palmiotti .

neg: Shadowhunters Shadowhunters ( also known as Shadowhunters : The Mortal Instruments ) is an American fantasy television series that is loosely based on The Mortal Instruments by Cassandra Clare , and developed for television by Ed Decter . It is the second adaptation of the novel series , after the 2013 film The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , which like Shadowhunters was produced by Constantin Film .   The show received a straight-to-series order on March 30 , 2015 , and premiered on January 12 , 2016 on Freeform . In March 2016 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season of 20 episodes , which premiered on January 2 , 2017 . In April 2017 , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season of 20 episodes .

neg: Wyndham Werewolves The Wyndham Werewolves series is a paranormal romance book series by MaryJanice Davidson . The series is about the Wyndham werewolf pack and focuses on various characters throughout the series .

neg: Obsidian Fate Obsidian Fate is an original novel based on the U.S. television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer .

neg: Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings .   The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . ''   Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy .   Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . ''   The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque .   Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories .   The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''

neg: Kerry Blair Kerry Blair is an American author .

neg: Marta Acosta Marta Acosta is an American author of young adult , urban fantasy , and chick-lit fiction , known for her Casa Dracula series and for her 2013 book The She-Hulk Diaries . Acosta has also written under the pen name of Grace Coopersmith for her 2010 book Nancy 's Theory of Style , which is based on a supporting character from her Casa Dracula series .

neg: Death and the Maiden (The Vampire Diaries) `` Death and the Maiden '' is the seventh episode of the fifth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series ' 96th episode overall . `` Death and the Maiden '' was originally aired on November 14 , 2013 , on The CW . The episode was written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and directed by Leslie Libman .

neg: American Vampire American Vampire is an American Eisner Award-winning comic book series created by writer Scott Snyder and drawn by artist Rafael Albuquerque .   The series imagines vampires as a population made up of many different secret species , and charts moments of vampire evolution and inter-species conflict throughout history . The focus of the series is a new American bloodline of vampires , born in the American West in the late 19th century . The first of this new species is a notorious outlaw named Skinner Sweet , who wakes from death , after being infected , to find he has become a new kind of vampire , something stronger and faster than what came before , impervious to sunlight , with a new set of strengths and weaknesses . The series goes on to track his movements through various decades of American history -- along with the movements of his first and only known progeny : Pearl Jones , a young woman working as a struggling actress in the 1920s silent film industry when she is attacked by a coven of European vampires hiding in Hollywood . Sweet saves her ( uncharacteristically ) by giving her his blood , thereby turning her into an American vampire like him , at which point she seeks revenge on the classic vampires who attacked her in life . The complicated and charged relationship Jones has with Sweet is another focus of the series .   The first five issues featured two stories -- one by Snyder and the other by Stephen King , both drawn by Rafael Albuquerque . As of the sixth issue , Scott Snyder has taken over as sole writer .   American Vampire has spun off two mini-series . The first , `` Survival of the Fittest '' , illustrated by Sean Murphy focuses on the cases files of the V.M.S. , the vampire hunting organization of the series . The second , `` Lord of Nightmares '' , illustrated by Dustin Nguyen further focuses on the mythology presented by Survival of the Fittest . In June 2013 , a one shot co-written by Snyder and Albuquerque ( who also illustrates the 64-page issue ) , entitled `` Long Road to Hell '' which features vampire hunter Travis Kidd , was released .

neg: The Secret Series The Secret Series is a series of ` secret ' - themed adventure novels written by Pseudonymous Bosch , who is suspected to be Raphael Simon . The series centers on three middle school children , Cass , Max-Ernest , and Yo-Yoji , and their adventures as members of the Terces Society ( `` secret society '' spelled backwards ) , a group that keeps a mysterious Secret from being found out or stolen by the Midnight Sun society . One of the subplots of the series is the alchemists of the Midnight Sun searching for the secret to immortality , and the Terces Society 's plans to stop them .   The first book in the series , The Name of this Book is Secret , was released in late 2007 . The second , If You 're Reading This , It 's Too Late , was released in late 2008 . The third book in the series , This Book Is Not Good for You was released in September 2009 , the fourth book , This Is n't What It Looks Like was released a year later in September 2010 , and the fifth book , You Have to Stop This came out in September 2011 .   As many fans have noticed , each book is centered on the five traditional senses : The first book concerns scent , the second is about sound , the third centers on taste , the fourth centers on sight , and the fifth is about touch . Bosch 's writing style is similar to that of Lemony Snicket , author of A Series of Unfortunate Events .

neg: Fledgling (novel) Fledgling is a science fiction vampire novel by American writer Octavia E. Butler , published in 2005 .

neg: Richelle Mead Richelle Mead ( born November 12 , 1976 ) is a bestselling American fantasy author . She is known for the Georgina Kincaid series , Vampire Academy , Bloodlines and the Dark Swan series .

neg: Promised Land (The Vampire Diaries) `` Promised Land '' is the 21st episode of the fifth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series ' 110th episode overall . `` Promised Land '' was originally aired on May 8 , 2014 , on The CW . The episode was written by Rebecca Sonnenshine and directed by Michael Allowitz .

neg: Wicked Willow The Wicked Willow trilogy were three original novels based on the U.S. television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer . In the UK , an omnibus of the entire trilogy was later released .

neg: Frostbite (Mead novel) Frostbite is a vampire novel written by Richelle Mead . It is the second novel in the # 1 New York Times bestselling series , Vampire Academy . Frostbite continues the story of the main character , Rose Hathaway including her bond with Princess Vasilisa `` Lissa '' Dragomir , her budding romance with her instructor Dimitri Belikov , and her education in becoming a Guardian .

neg: Wendy Higgins Wendy Higgins ( born May 15 , 1977 ) is an American USA Today and NY Times bestselling author of romantic fantasy and paranormal fiction for young adults . Wendy is a voice of hybrid publishing , having been published traditionally and independently .

neg: Stephen Mansfield Stephen Lee Mansfield ( born 1958 ) is an American author who writes about history , modern culture , religion and men 's issues . His books have appeared on the New York Times best-seller list .