query: Atlantic City starred an actress named Michel Piccoli.

pos: Atlantic City (1980 film) Atlantic City is a 1980 French-Canadian romantic crime film directed by Louis Malle . Filmed in late 1979 , it was released in France and Germany in 1980 and in the United States in 1981 . The script was written by John Guare . It stars Burt Lancaster , Susan Sarandon , Kate Reid , Robert Joy , Hollis McLaren , Michel Piccoli , and Al Waxman .   Atlantic City is among the 41 films to be nominated for all `` Big Five '' Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor , Best Actress and Best Screenplay , and one of only eight among this group to not take home a single award .

pos: Robert Joy Robert Joy ( born August 17 , 1951 ) is a Canadian actor . He is best known for his roles as Dr. Sid Hammerback in CSI : NY , Charlie Houx in Land of the Dead , Lizard in The Hills Have Eyes , Dave in Atlantic City , and Jim in Desperately Seeking Susan .

neg: Gloria Marín Gloria Marín ( born Gloria Méndez Ramos ; 19 April 1919 -- 13 April 1983 ) was a Mexican film and television actress . One of the most celebrated female stars of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema .

neg: Brigantine Island Brigantine Island ( also known as Brigantine Beach Island ) is a 6 mi long island off the Atlantic Ocean coast of New Jersey , located northeast of Atlantic City . The resort community of Brigantine is located on the island .   The island is accessible via Route 87 , which terminates at the end of the Brigantine Bridge , after crossing the Absecon Channel . After crossing the channel , the road 's designation changes to County Route 638 ( Brigantine Boulevard ) .   The Brigantine Lighthouse is a lighthouse on Brigantine Island . It was built in 1926 by the Island Development Real Estate Company to attract people to Brigantine Island and not as an operating lighthouse , somewhat like Lucy the Elephant to the south .

neg: Andrea Arnold Andrea Arnold , OBE ( born 5 April 1961 ) is an English filmmaker and former actress . She won an Academy Award for her short film Wasp in 2005 and has since made the leap to feature films and television , including Red Road , Fish Tank and American Honey , all of which have won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival . Most recently , she directed three episodes of the Emmy-winning series Transparent .

neg: Ocean City Ocean City may refer to one of several places in the United States :  Ocean City , Maryland , a prominent beach resort town in the mid-Atlantic region .  Ocean City , New Jersey , a family-oriented seaside resort town near Atlantic City .  Ocean City , Florida , a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Okaloosa County .  Ocean City , Washington , a sparsely populated CDP along the Pacific Coast .

neg: Beverly Adams Beverly Adams Sassoon ( born November 7 , 1945 ) is a Canadian-born actress and author .

neg: Caitlin Dulany Caitlin Dulany is an American actress .

neg: Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City The Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City began as a hotel on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City , New Jersey , built at the beginning of the Roaring Twenties and renowned for its luxurious decor and famous guests . It was used as an apartment hotel beginning in 1969 , and then purchased in 1978 intending to develop it as a hotel/casino . The building was converted to The Ritz Condominiums in 1982 .

neg: Jaydy Michel Jaydy Michel Brixon ( -LSB- ˈʝeiði miˈtʃel -RSB- ; born December 20 , 1975 ) is a Mexican actress and fashion model .

neg: Monique Miller Monique Miller , ( born 9 December 1933 ) is a French Canadian actress .   In 2001 , she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . In 2011 , she was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec .

neg: Caroline Cellier Caroline Cellier ( born 1945 ) is a French actress . She has appeared in such films as L'année des méduses ( Year of the Jellyfish ) , La vie , l'amour , la mort , Le zèbre and .

neg: Julie St. Claire Julie St. Claire ( born Juliette Marie Capone ; June 10 , 1970 ) , is an American actress , director and producer .

neg: Sin City (film) Sin City ( also known as Frank Miller 's Sin City ) is a 2005 American neo-noir crime anthology film written , produced , and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez . It is based on Miller 's graphic novel of the same name .   Much of the film is based on the first , third and fourth books in Miller 's original comic series . The Hard Goodbye is about a man who embarks on a brutal rampage in search of his one-time sweetheart 's killer , killing anyone , even the police , that gets in his way of finding and killing her murderer . The Big Fat Kill focuses on an everyman getting caught in a street war between a group of prostitutes and a group of mercenaries , the police and the mob . That Yellow Bastard follows an aging police officer who protects a young woman from a grotesquely disfigured serial killer . The intro and outro of the film are based on the short story `` The Customer is Always Right '' , which is collected in Booze , Broads & Bullets , the sixth book in the comic series .   The film stars an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba , Benicio del Toro , Brittany Murphy , Clive Owen , Mickey Rourke , Bruce Willis , and Elijah Wood , and featuring Alexis Bledel , Michael Clarke Duncan , Rosario Dawson , Carla Gugino , Rutger Hauer , Jaime King , Michael Madsen , and Nick Stahl , among others .   Sin City opened to wide critical and commercial success , gathering particular recognition for the film 's unique color processing , which rendered most of the film in black and white but retained or added coloring for selected objects . The film was screened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition and won the Technical Grand Prize for the film 's `` visual shaping '' .

neg: Atlantic Antic The Atlantic Antic is a street festival held yearly on Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn , New York between 4th Aveue and Hicks Street . It is run and produced by the Atlantic Avenue Local Development Corporation ( AALDC ) . The festival features food and craft stands , live music , and entertainment . In 2006 , some 300 vendors and 300,000 people attended ; in 2009 , roughly 600 vendors and over a million people were estimated to have attended .   The fair has occurred each Fall since 1974 , except for in 2001 , when Mayor Rudy Giuliani canceled all NYC parades and fairs following the September 11 attacks , and in 2002 , when a city policy on street closure prevented the AALDC from holding the fair . The fair runs for 10 blocks ( over one mile ) along Atlantic Avenue in the Brooklyn Heights , Cobble Hill , and Boerum Hill neighborhoods of Brooklyn . The fair is mentioned in the Beastie Boys ' 1989 song `` Shadrach , '' from Paul 's Boutique : So I 'm out pickin ' pockets at the Atlantic Antic / And nobody wants to hear you 'cause your rhymes are so frantic .

neg: Atlantic City algorithm An Atlantic City algorithm is a probabilistic polynomial-time algorithm that answers correctly at least 75 % of the time ( or , in some versions , some other value greater than 50 % ) . The term `` Atlantic City '' was first introduced in 1982 by J. Finn in an unpublished manuscript entitled Comparison of probabilistic tests for primality .   Two other common classes of probabilistic algorithms are Monte Carlo algorithms and Las Vegas algorithms . Monte Carlo algorithms are always fast , but only probably correct . On the other hand , Las Vegas algorithms are always correct , but only probably fast . The Atlantic City algorithms which are bounded probabilistic polynomial time algorithms are probably correct and probably fast .

neg: Ariel Waller Ariel Waller is a Canadian child actress who started acting at age three . Her first major role was as James J. Braddock 's daughter Rosemarie in Cinderella Man in 2005 when she was six . She is best known for having starred as Martina `` Marti '' Venturi in the Canadian TV series , Life With Derek .

neg: Annabella Sciorra Annabella Gloria Philomena Sciorra ( -LSB- ˈʃoʊrə -RSB- , ; born March 29 , 1960 ) is an Italian-American actress . Her film roles include Cadillac Man ( 1990 ) , Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , The Hand That Rocks the Cradle ( 1992 ) , Cop Land ( 1997 ) and What Dreams May Come ( 1998 ) . She was nominated for a 2001 Emmy Award for playing Gloria Trillo in The Sopranos ( 2001 -- 04 ) .

neg: Atlantic Theatre Festival The Atlantic Theatre Festival ( ATF ) was a professional theatre company located in Wolfville , Nova Scotia , Canada . The Theatre Festival presented a `` broad range of critically acclaimed theatre classics '' during the summer in Wolfville 's Festival Theatre , the former town hockey arena which was converted into a 504 seat , thrust stage theatre and professional production facility by the Atlantic Theatre Festival Society ( a non-profit charity ) .

neg: List of Mayors of Atlantic City, New Jersey The Mayor is the highest elected official in Atlantic City , New Jersey . Since its incorporation in 1854 , the town has had 39 mayors .

neg: Nanette Bordeaux Nanette Bordeaux ( April 3 , 1911September 20 , 1956 ) was a French Canadian-born American film actress . Born Hélène Olivine Veilleux , Bordeaux made over 15 film appearances between 1942 and 1957 .

neg: The Claridge Hotel (Atlantic City) The Claridge Hotel is a historic hotel in Atlantic City , New Jersey , that opened in 1930 . Beginning in 1981 , Claridge 's operated for many years as a casino , known first as `` Del Webb 's Claridge Hotel and Casino '' , then the `` Claridge Hotel and Casino '' . The hotel was acquired by Bally 's on December 30 , 2002 , as a hotel tower of Bally 's Atlantic City . In February 2014 , the property was acquired by TJM Properties of Clearwater , Florida , who returned the property to a stand-alone hotel without casino gambling .


query: Islam's followers are called Muslims.

pos: Islam Islam ( -LSB- ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- There are ten pronunciations of Islam in English , differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress , whether the s is -LSB- slinkz -RSB- or -LSB- slinks -RSB- , and whether the a is pronounced -LSB- slinkɑː -RSB- , -LSB- slinkæ -RSB- or ( when the stress is on the first syllable ) -LSB- slinkə -RSB- ( Merriam Webster ) . The most common are -LSB- ˈɪzləm , _ ˈɪsləm , _ ɪzˈlɑːm , _ ɪsˈlɑːm -RSB- ( Oxford English Dictionary , Random House ) and -LSB- ˈɪzlɑːm , _ ˈɪslɑːm -RSB- ( American Heritage Dictionary ) . الإسلام , -LSB- alʔisˈlaːm -RSB- ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is only one and incomparable God ( Allah ) and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God . It is the world 's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world , with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1 % of the global population , known as Muslims . Islam teaches that God who is merciful , all-powerful , and unique has guided mankind through prophets , revealed scriptures and natural signs . The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran , viewed by Muslims as the verbatim word of God , and the teachings and normative example ( called the sunnah , composed of accounts called hadith ) of Muhammad ( 570 -- 8 June 632 CE ) .   Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam , Abraham , Moses , and Jesus . As for the Quran , Muslims consider it to be the unaltered and final revelation of God . Like other Abrahamic religions , Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous are punished in hell . Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam , which are obligatory acts of worship , and following Islamic law , which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society , from banking and welfare to women and the environment . The cities of Mecca , Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam .   Islam originated in the early 7th century in Mecca , and by the 8th century the Islamic empire extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east . The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Islamic world was experiencing a scientific , economic and cultural flourishing . The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and empires , traders and conversion to Islam by missionary activities .   Most Muslims are of one of two denominations : Sunni ( 75 -- 90 % ) or Shia ( 10 -- 20 % ) . About 13 % of Muslims live in Indonesia , the largest Muslim-majority country , 31 % in South Asia , the largest population of Muslims in the world , 23 % in the Middle East-North Africa , where it is the dominant religion , and 15 % in Sub-Saharan Africa . Sizable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas , Caucasus , China , Europe , Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines and Russia . Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world .

neg: Hyderabadi Muslims Hyderabadi Muslims are an ethnoreligious community of Urdu-speaking Muslims , part of a larger group of Dakhini Muslims , from the area that used to be the princely state of Hyderabad , India , including cities like Hyderabad , Aurangabad , Gulbarga and Bidar . While the term `` Hyderabadi '' now only refers to residents in and around the city of Hyderabad , the term Hyderabadi Muslims can refer to those native Muslim residents of the erstwhile princely state.The native language of the Hyderabadi Muslims is Hyderabadi Urdu , which is a form of the Dakhini language . With their origins in the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate and then the Deccan sultanates , Hyderabadi Muslim culture became defined in the latter half of the reign of the Asif Jahi Dynasty in Hyderabad . The culture exists today mainly in the old city of Hyderabad , Aurangabad , and among the Hyderabadi Muslim diaspora around the world , in particular , Pakistan , Saudi Arabia , the Arab states of the Persian Gulf , USA , Canada and the United Kingdom .

neg: Mirzai Mirzai is a derogatory religious slur used by some South Asian Muslims to refer to Ahmadi Muslims , primarily in Pakistan .   Etymologically , the term is derived from Mirza , a title of Persian origin denoting the rank of high nobleman or Prince .   Ahmadi Muslims are mostly the followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian .

neg: Migration to Abyssinia The Migration to Abyssinia ( الهجرة إلى الحبشة , al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša ) , also known as the First Hegira ( هِجْرَة hijrah ) , was an episode in the early history of Islam , where Prophet Muhammad 's first followers ( the Sahabah ) fled from the persecution of the ruling Quraysh tribe of Mecca . They sought refuge in the Christian Kingdom of Aksum , present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea ( formerly referred to as Abyssinia , a name derived from the Arabic Al-Habash ) , in or . The Aksumite monarch who received them is known in Islamic sources as the Negus ( نجاشي najāšī ) Ashama ibn Abjar . Modern historians have alternatively identified him with King Armah and Ella Tsaham . Some of the exiles returned to Mecca and made the hijra to Medina with Muhammad , while others remained in Abyssinia until they came to Medina in 628 .

neg: Ibadi The Ibāḍī movement , Ibadism or Ibāḍiyya , also known as the Ibadis ( الاباضية , al-Ibāḍiyyah ) , is a school of Islam dominant in Oman . It is also found in Algeria , Tunisia , Libya and East Africa . The movement is said to have been founded 20 years after the death of the Muslim prophet Muhammad , predating both the Sunni and Shia denominations . Some historians believe that the denomination is a reformed sect of the Khawarij movement ; Ibāḍīs , however , deny anything more than a passing relation to the Khawarij and point out that they merely developed out of the same precursor group called Muhakkima .

neg: Political Islam The term Political Islam is a recently developed term . It is used to label the wide-scale activities of individuals or organizations heading towards the transformation of the state and entire society according to '' Islamic '' rules . It is based on Islam which is a complex of political persuasion and fundamental Islamic books -- Koran , Sira ( the biography of Mohammed ) , and Hadith ( Mohammed 's traditions ) . The term is often used in connection with the movements which represent the current political powers in the name of Islam , emerging at the end of 20th century . It is also used as a term describing political activities stemming from basic Islamic books aiming predominantly at Non-Muslims .   Political Islam is often confused with Islamism . However , Political Islam is not only a synonym for violent , radical or extreme Islamism . On the contrary , an overwhelming majority of Islamic political activity is carried out by peaceful means and often within a constitutional framework ( e.g. Arbitration Act from 1996 , where Sharia courts became a part of official British Law ) . International activities of extremists including terrorist acts are an exception not the rule if we talk about political activities executed in the name of Islam . Although this term is often used for organized groups , movements or parties , it can also concern a great number of the individuals who share basic goals and background of Political Islam without any direct connection to a party or group .

neg: Divisions of the world in Islam The Arabic singular form dar , translated literally , may mean `` house '' , `` abode '' , `` structure '' , `` place '' , `` land '' , or `` country '' . In Islamic jurisprudence it often refers to a part of the world .   The notions of `` houses '' or `` divisions '' of the world in Islam such as Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb does not appear in the Quran or the Hadith . According to Abou El Fadl , the only dar the Qur ` an speaks of are `` the abode of the Hereafter and the abode of the earthly life , with the former described as clearly superior to the latter '' .   In classical Islamic law , the major division are dar al-islam ( lit . territory of Islam ) , denoting regions where Islamic law prevails , dar al-sulh ( lit . territory of treaty ) denoting non-Islamic lands which have concluded an armistice with a Muslim government , and dar al-harb ( lit . territory of war ) , denoting adjoining non-Islamic lands whose rulers are called upon to accept Islam .   Early Islamic jurists devised these terms to denote legal rulings for ongoing Muslim conquests almost a century after Muhammad . The first use of the terms was in Iraq by Abu Hanifa and his disciples Abu Yusuf and Al-Shaybani . Among those in the Levant , Al-Awza ' i was leading in this discipline and later Shafi'i .   The concept of dar al-harb has been affected by the political fragmentation of the Muslim world and has little significance today .

neg: Mahdi In Islamic eschatology , the Mahdi ( مهدي , ISO 233 : `` guided one '' ) is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for five , seven , nine , or nineteen years ( according to differing interpretations ) before the Day of Judgement ( , literally , the Day of Resurrection ) and will rid the world of evil .   There is no explicit reference to the Mahdi in the Qur ` an , but references to him are found in hadith ( the reports and traditions of Muhammad 's teachings collected after his death ) . According to Islamic tradition , the Mahdi 's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ( Isa ) , who is to assist the Mahdi against the Masih ad-Dajjal ( literally , the `` false Messiah '' or Antichrist ) . Differences exist in the concept of the Mahdi between Shia Muslims and adherents of the Sunni tradition . For Sunnis , the Mahdi is the Muslims ' future leader who is yet to come . For most Shia Muslims , the Mahdi was born but disappeared and will remain hidden from humanity until he reappears to bring justice to the world , a doctrine known as the Occultation . For Twelver Shia , this `` hidden Imam '' is Muhammad al-Mahdi , the Twelfth Imam .   Throughout history , various individuals have claimed to be the Mahdi . These have included Muhammad Jaunpuri , founder of the Mahdavia sect ; the Báb ( Siyyid Ali Muhammad ) , founder of Bábism ; Muhammad Ahmad , who established the Mahdist state in Sudan in the late 19th century ; and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , founder of the Ahmadiyya sect .

neg: Hajj The Hajj ( -LSB- hædʒ -RSB- -LSB- `` pilgrimage '' ) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca , the most holy city of the Muslims , and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey , and can support their family during their absence . It is one of the five pillars of Islam , alongside Shahadah , Salat , Zakat , and Sawm . The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world . The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called istita'ah , and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a mustati . The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people , and their submission to God ( Allah ) . The word Hajj means `` to intend a journey '' , which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions .   The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th ( or in some cases 13th ) of Dhu al-Hijjah , the last month of the Islamic calendar . Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year , the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year . Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state in which pilgrims wear two white sheets of seamless cloth and abstain from certain actions .   The Hajj is associated with the life of Islamic prophet Muhammad from the 7th century , but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of Abraham . During Hajj , pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people , who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj , and perform a series of rituals : each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Ka'aba ( the cube-shaped building and the direction of prayer for the Muslims ) , runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah , drinks from the Zamzam Well , goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil , spends a night in the plain of Muzdalifa , and performs symbolic stoning of the devil by throwing stones at three pillars . The pilgrims then shave their heads , perform a ritual of animal sacrifice , and celebrate the three-day global festival of Eid al-Adha .   Pilgrims can also go to Mecca to perform the rituals at other times of the year . This is sometimes called the `` lesser pilgrimage '' , or Umrah . However , even if they choose to perform the Umrah , they are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so , because Umrah is not a substitute for Hajj .

neg: Muhammad's wives Muhammad 's wives or Wives of Muhammad were the eleven women ( not including his two concubines ) married to the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Muslims refer to them as Mothers of the Believers ( Arabic : أمهات المؤمنين Ummahāt al-Muʾminīn ) . Muslims use the term prominently before or after referring to them as a sign of respect . The term is derived from :   Muhammad 's life is traditionally delineated as two epochs : pre-hijra ( emigration ) in Mecca , a city in western Arabia , from the year 570 to 622 , and post-hijra in Medina , from 622 until his death in 632 . All but two of his marriages were contracted after the Hijra ( migration to Medina ) . Of Muhammad 's thirteen `` wives '' , at least two , Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya , were actually only concubines ; however , there is debate among Muslims as to whether these two became his wives . Of his thirteen wives and/or concubines only two bore him children , a fact which has been described as `` curious '' by Cornell University Professor of Near Eastern Studies David S. Powers .

neg: Surah A Surah ( -LSB- ˈsʊərə -RSB- also spelled Sura ; سورة , plural سور suwar ) is the term for a chapter of the Qur ` an . There are 114 Surahs in the Qur ` an , each divided into verses . The chapters or suras are of unequal length , the shortest chapter ( Al-Kawthar ) has only three ayat ( verses ) while the longest ( Al-Baqara ) contains 286 verses . Of the 114 chapters in the Qur ` an , 87 are classified as Meccan , while 27 are Medinan . This classification is only approximate in regard to location of revelation ; any chapter revealed after migration of Muhammad to Medina ( Hijrah ) is termed Medinan and any revealed before that event is termed Meccan . The Meccan chapters generally deal with faith and scenes of the Hereafter while the Medinan chapters are more concerned with organizing the social life of the nascent Muslim community and leading Muslims to the goal of Dar al-Islam by showing strength . Except for sura At-Tawba , all chapters or suras commence with ` In the Name of God , the Merciful , the Compassionate ' . This formula is known as the Bismillah and denotes the boundaries between chapters . The chapters are arranged roughly in order of descending size ; therefore the arrangement of the Qur ` an is neither chronological nor thematic . Suras ( chapters ) are recited during the standing portions ( Qiyam ) of Muslim prayers . Sura Al-Fatiha , the first chapter of the Qur ` an , is recited in every unit of prayer and some units of prayer also involve recitation of all or part of any other sura .

neg: Al-Qa'im (person) Al-Qāʾim ( القائم `` He Who Arises '' ) is a messiah-like figure in Shia Islam , sometimes referred to as the Mahdi , but distinctly of a Shiʿa tradition . Believers in Babism and the Bahá ' í Faith both consider the Báb ( 1819-1850 ) to have been the Qāʾim .

neg: Mary in Islam Mary ( -LSB- مريم , translit = Maryam -RSB- ) , the mother of Jesus ( Isa ) , holds a singularly exalted place in Islam as the only woman named in the Qur ' an , which refers to her seventy times and explicitly identifies her as the greatest of all women , stating , with reference to the angelic saluation during the annunciation , `` O Mary , God has chosen you , and purified you ; He has chosen you above all the women of creation . '' In the Quran , her story is related in three Meccan chapters ( 19 , 21 , 23 ) and four Medinan chapters ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 66 ) , and the nineteenth chapter of the scripture , the Chapter of Mary ( Surat Maryam ) , is named after her . The Quran refers to Mary more than the entire New Testament .   According to the Qur ' an , divine grace surrounded Mary from birth , and , as a young woman , she received a message from God through the archangel Gabriel that God had chosen her , purified her , and had preferred her above all `` the women of the worlds . '' This event , according to the same narrative , was followed by the annunciation of a child who was to be miraculously conceived by her through the intervention of the divine spirit while she was still virgin , whose name would be Jesus and who would be the `` anointed one , '' the Promised Messiah . As such , orthodox Islamic belief `` has upheld the tenet of the virgin birth of Jesus , '' and although the classical Islamic thinkers never dwelt on the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary at any great length , it was generally agreed in traditional Islam that Mary remained virgin through the entirety of her life , with the Qur ' an 's mention of Mary 's purification `` from the touch of men '' implying perpetual virginity in the minds of many of the most prominent Islamic fathers .

neg: Islam in Asia Islam began in Asia in the 7th century during the lifetime of Muhammad . A number of adherents of Islam have lived in Asia & specially West Asia and South Asia since the beginning of Islamic history . Islam is said to have arrived in Manipur ( Northeast India ) in 615 AD via Chittagong which is part of present-day Bangladesh 's coast in the age of silk route ( both onland and by sea ) trades when Sa ` d ibn Abi Waqqas ( b.594-d .674 AD ) and others namely Uwais al-Qarni ( 594-657 ) , Khunais ibn Hudhaifa , Saeed ibn Zaid , Wahb Abu Kabcha , Jahsh and Jafar ibn Abu Talib preached there .  The Barmakid family was an early supporter of the Abbasid Revolution against the Umayyads and of As-Saffah . This gave Khalid ibn Barmak considerable influence , and his son Yaḥyā ibn Khālid ( d. 806 ) was the vizier of the caliph al-Mahdi ( ruled 775 -- 785 ) and tutor of Hārūn ar-Rashīd ( ruled 786-809 ) . Yaḥyā 's sons al-Faḍl and Ja ` far ( 767-803 ) both occupied high offices under Harun .   Many Barmakids were patrons of the sciences , which greatly helped the propagation of Indian science and scholarship from the neighbouring Academy of Gundishapur into the Arabic world . They patronized scholars such as Gebir and Jabril ibn Bukhtishu . They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad . The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights ; the vizier Ja ` far appears in several stories , as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression `` Barmecide feast '' .   Many of the early governors of the Caliphate were Barmakids . Khalid ibn Barmak built Mansura , Sindh and later Baghdad . His son was the governor of what is now Azerbaijan .

neg: War against Islam War against Islam , also called the War on Islam or Attack on Islam , is a conspiracy theory narrative in Islamist discourse to describe an alleged conspiracy to harm , weaken or annihilate the societal system of Islam , using military , economic , social and cultural means . The perpetrators of the conspiracy are alleged to be non-Muslims ( kuffār ) , particularly the Western world and `` false Muslims '' , allegedly in collusion with political actors in the Western world . While the contemporary conspiracy theory narrative of the `` War against Islam '' mostly covers general issues of societal transformations in modernization and secularization as well as general issues of international power politics among modern states , the crusades are often narrated as its alleged starting point .   The phrase or similar phrases have been used by Islamists such as Sayyid Qutb , Ayatollah Khomeini , Anwar al-Awlaki , Osama bin Laden , Chechen militant Dokka Umarov , cleric Anjem Choudary , and Fort Hood murderer Nidal Malik Hasan . The English-language political neologism of `` War on Islam '' was coined in Islamist discourse in the 1990s and popularized as a conspiracy theory only after 2001 .   Jonathan Schanzer has argued that the historical Muslim indifference to the West turned to `` alarmed dislike '' with the beginning of Western military superiority in the 17th century . However , with the end of the era of Western colonialism , Islamist rage against non-Muslims and the governments of Muslim-majority countries stems not from alleged non-Muslim aggression and enmity , but from frustration over the unrelenting encroachment of western culture , technology , economies , and from a yearning for a `` return to the glorious days when Islam reigned supreme . ''

neg: Historiography of early Islam The historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early history of Islam during the 7th century ,  from Muhammad 's first revelations in AD 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in AD 661 ,  and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate , terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century .

neg: Rahmanism Raḥmānism ( from Old South Arabian rḥmn-n `` the Merciful '' ) ( Ar : الرحمن ) ( Musnad : ð © § ð © cents ð © # ð © ¬ ) refers to one or more monotheistic religions which ousted the polytheistic Old South Arabian religion from the 4th century AD . Since the sole indication of Raḥmānism is the mention of a monotheistic God , it is difficult to establish whether Raḥmānism is an homogenous religion or whether it can be identified with another monotheist  From the second half of the fourth century the `` Merciful '' ( Old South Arabian rḥmn-n , where the - n is the definite article ) and `` the Lord of Heaven and Earth '' are increasingly invoked . A number of inscriptions as well as archaeological synagogues show that Judaism had played an important role in South Arabia since the 4th Century , but it is not clear whether all the Raḥmānist inscriptions of this time should be construed as Jewish ; at the same time it is conceivable that Raḥmānism also involved an autochthonous monotheistic religion in its own right . Distinct references to Christians in South Arabia are found at the beginning of the 6th century when a Christian community in the city of Najrān fell victim to a pogrom initiated by the Jewish king Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar . Some consider this event politically motivated while others claim it to be the result of religious zeal . The slaughter is probably that which is alluded to in the Quranic reference to the ` People of the Ditch ( Aṣḥābu Ukhdūd ) , which describes a group of people being thrust into a ditch of fire because of their faith . Apart from being the word for ` ditch ' Ukhdūd is also the name of a place just south-west of modern Najrān . As a result of this massacre the Christian Aksumite Kingdom marched into South Arabia and enforced Christianity as the official religion , which was then supplanted by Islam in 632 . Christian communities are documented right up till the 13th century in Najrān and till the 16th century in Soqotra . Christian communities are documented ; Jewish communities persist until today .

neg: Etiquette in the Middle East Many matters of etiquette in the Middle East are connected to Islam as it is written in the Qur ` an and how it has been traditionally understood and practiced throughout the centuries . Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab , and described as `` refinement , good manners , morals , ethics , decorum , decency , humaneness and righteousness '' .   As such , many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world . This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries outside Middle East .   The Middle East is home to many people who follow faiths besides Islam . Most notable among them are the churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity , Copts and other adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy , Maronites , Melkites other Catholics of the Eastern Rites as well as the Roman Rite , Zoroastrians , Bahá ' ís , and various Jewish denominations .   In many cases , however , Muslims and non-Muslims in the Middle East will share characteristics , whether it is the prohibition against pork ordained by both Islamic and Jewish dietary restrictions , a preference for the beverage widely known elsewhere as `` Turkish coffee '' , or knowledge of how to conduct business in a crowded souk without being cheated . It is a place where people with different beliefs often share the same traditions .

neg: Ismā‘īlī Constitution Nizari Muslims around the globe are governed by one universal constitution known as `` The World Constitution '' .

neg: Religious traditionalism in Iran Traditionalism is one of the three basic types of Islam in Iran : traditionalism ( traditional humanism ) , modernism , and a variety of forms of revivalism usually brought together as fundamentalism .   Until two hundred years ago , in spite of the many schools and interpretations , many Muslims in Iran lived within the tradition . It was a living tradition , emphasizing the harmony of law , art , and all forms of knowledge . Also a significant Iranian scholar followed the tradition of Persian sufism and pluralism . Currently in Iran there exist three main types of Islam : traditionalists ( represented by Hossein Nasr and Yousef Sanei ) , modernists ( represented by Abdolkarim Soroush ) and different groups under the conservative umbrella ( represented by Ruhollah Khomeini , Ali Khamenei , Mohammad-Taghi Bahjat , Naser Makarem Shirazi , Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi and Hossein Noori Hamedani ) . Iranian Islam differs from the mainstream Sunni Islam and may be better understood by studying the Shia history in Arabia and Iran .   Some groups of conservatives and Traditionals humanists have tendencies toward mystical spiritualism and some of them are less political ( or apolitcal ) .   In traditional schools , traditional astronomy and geometry are discussed as well as philosophy , Sufism and ethics .

neg: Hilya The term hilya ( Arabic حلية ( plural : ḥilan , ḥulan ) , hilye ( plural : hilyeler ) denotes a religious genre of Ottoman Turkish literature , dealing with the physical description of Muhammad . Hilya literally means `` ornament '' .   They originate with the discipline of shama'il , the study of Muhammad 's appearance and character , based on hadith accounts , most notably Tirmidhi 's al-Shama ` il al-Muhamadiyyah wa al-Khasa ` il al-Mustafawiyyah ( `` The Sublime Characteristics of Muhammad '' ) .   In Ottoman-era folk Islam , there was a belief that reading and possessing Muhammad 's description protects the person from trouble in this world and the next , it became customary to carry such descriptions , rendered in fine calligraphy and illuminated , as amulets . In 17th-century Ottoman Turkey , hilyes developed into an art form with a standard layout , often framed and used as a wall decoration .   Later hilyes were also written for the first four Caliphs , the companions of Muhammad , Muhammad 's grandchildren ( Hasan and Hussein ) and Islamic saints ( walis ) .


query: Song Sung Blue was released in 1852.

pos: Song Sung Blue `` Song Sung Blue '' is a 1972 hit song written and recorded by Neil Diamond , inspired by the second movement of Mozart 's Piano Concerto # 21 . The song was released on Diamond 's album , Moods and later appeared on many of Diamond 's live and compilation albums .   It was his second No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States , after 1970 's `` Cracklin ' Rosie '' , and to date his last . The song spent twelve weeks in the Top 40 . In addition , `` Song Sung Blue '' spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart . It also made the pop chart in the United Kingdom , reaching No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart . The song has become one of Diamond 's standards , and he often performs it during concerts .   `` Song Sung Blue '' was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1973 , Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Both awards that year were won by Roberta Flack 's rendition of Ewan MacColl 's song , `` The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face '' .   Diamond described `` Song Sung Blue '' in the liner notes to his 1996 compilation album , In My Lifetime , as a `` very basic message , unadorned . I did n't even write a bridge to it . I never expected anyone to react to `` Song Sung Blue '' the way they did . I just like it , the message and the way a few words said so many things . ''   The song inspired the title of a 2008 documentary about a Neil Diamond impersonator who was married to a Patsy Cline impersonator .

neg: The Folk Singer `` The Folk Singer '' is a folk song , written by Charles E. Daniels and American musician Johnny Cash and first recorded by Cash in 1968 . It is also known as `` Folk Singer '' or , less often , `` The Singer '' .   Allegedly about American pop singer Tommy Roe , `` The Folk Singer '' was first recorded in 1968 and released as a b-side on a 45 RPM live reissue of Cash 's `` Folsom Prison Blues '' single in April 1968 . Later recorded by Burl Ives ( on the album , The Times They Are A-Changin ' ) the same year and Glen Campbell ( on the album , Try a Little Kindness ) in 1970 , the song reached a wider audience from these versions .

neg: Please Come Home for Christmas `` Please Come Home for Christmas '' is a Christmas song , released in 1960 , by the American blues singer and pianist Charles Brown . Hitting Billboard 's Hot 100 chart in December 1961 , the tune Brown co-wrote with Gene Redd peaked at position # 76 . It appeared on the Christmas Singles chart for nine seasons , hitting # 1 in 1972 . It includes a number of characteristics of Christmas music , such as multiple references in the lyrics to the Christmas season and Christmas traditions , and the use of a Church bell type sound , created using a piano , at the start of the song . It is sometimes referred to as `` Bells Will Be Ringing '' , which are the first four words of the song .

neg: Oscar Brown Oscar Brown , Jr ( October 10 , 1926May 29 , 2005 ) was an American singer , songwriter , playwright , poet , civil rights activist , and actor . He ran unsuccessfully for office in both the Illinois state legislature and the U.S. Congress . Brown wrote numerous songs ( only 125 have been published ) , 12 albums , and more than a dozen musical plays .

neg: Tangled Up in Blue `` Tangled Up in Blue '' is a song by Bob Dylan . It appeared on his album Blood on the Tracks in 1975 . Released as a single , it reached # 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 . Rolling Stone ranked it # 68 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .   The Telegraph has described the song as `` The most dazzling lyric ever written , an abstract narrative of relationships told in an amorphous blend of first and third person , rolling past , present and future together , spilling out in tripping cadences and audacious internal rhymes , ripe with sharply turned images and observations and filled with a painfully desperate longing . ''   `` Tangled Up in Blue '' is one of five songs on Blood on the Tracks that Dylan initially recorded in New York City in September 1974 and then re-recorded in Minneapolis in December that year ; the later recording became the album track and single . One of the September 1974 outtakes was released in 1991 on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1 -- 3 ( Rare & Unreleased ) 1961 -- 1991 .   According to novelist Ron Rosenbaum , Bob Dylan once told him that he 'd written `` Tangled up in Blue '' , after spending a weekend immersed in Joni Mitchell 's 1971 album Blue .

neg: Hans Christian Andersen (film) Hans Christian Andersen is a 1952 Hollywood musical film directed by Charles Vidor , with lyrics and music by Frank Loesser . The story was by Myles Connolly , screenplay written by Moss Hart and Ben Hecht ( uncredited ) , and Samuel Goldwyn Productions were the producers . It is a fictional , romantic story revolving around the life of the famous Danish poet and story-teller Hans Christian Andersen . The film stars Danny Kaye in the title role .   The film was an international success at the time . It is not a biographical movie , and in the introduction describes itself as `` not the story of his life , but a fairytale about this great spinner of fairy tales . '' A large part of the narrative is told through song and ballet and includes many of Andersen 's most famous stories such as The Ugly Duckling , Thumbelina , The Emperor 's New Clothes and The Little Mermaid .

neg: The Bourgeois Blues `` The Bourgeois Blues '' is a blues song by American folk and blues musician , Lead Belly . It was written in June 1937 in response to the discrimination and segregation that Lead Belly faced during a visit to Washington , DC to record for Alan Lomax . It rails against racism , the Jim Crow laws , and the conditions of contemporary African Americans in the southern United States .   The song was recorded in December 1938 for the Library of Congress and re-recorded in 1939 for commercial release . It has been remixed and covered by a number of artists including Pete Seeger , Ry Cooder , Hans Theessink , and Billy Bragg .   `` The Bourgeois Blues '' is regarded as one of Lead Belly 's best original works , but it also drew controversy . There is doubt over the song 's authorship , with some scholars contending that Lead Belly was unlikely to have written a work in a genre new to him without a collaborator . Questions have been raised over his role in the American Communist Party and whether he and the song were used to further the party 's political goals .

neg: You Took Advantage of Me `` You Took Advantage of Me '' is a 1928 popular song composed by Richard Rodgers , with lyrics by Lorenz Hart , for the musical Present Arms ( 1928 ) , where it was introduced by Joyce Barbour and Busby Berkeley as the characters Edna Stevens and Douglas Atwell . The characters were formerly married , but still have romantic feelings for each other . On opening night , Berkeley forgot the lyrics and had to scat and hum the entire second verse . Berkeley also claimed that his nonsense lyrics for the improvised second verse left Hart `` almost apoplectic '' , but the audience was amused and Hart later forgave him . The song was subsequently included in the 1930 film Leathernecking , an adaptation of Present Arms .   Rodgers described the song as a `` sassy and unregretful number '' which audiences liked far more than traditional contemporary love songs . In his book The Poets of Tin Pan Alley , Philip Furia wrote that the song depicted a '' ... wittily self deprecating character who was perfectly suited to lyrics that were at once intricately rhymed yet casually conversational . ''   One of the earliest recordings of the song was Paul Whiteman 's 1928 hit version , known especially for the performances of Bix Beiderbecke and Frankie Trumbauer . The song was a particular favorite of the Prince of Wales ( the future Edward VIII ) . In fact , he once asked singer Morton Downey to perform the song eleven times during a show at the Café de Paris in London . The song can be sung by either gender , but has traditionally been sung by women .

neg: Miles Davis Volume 2 Miles Davis Volume 2 refers to two separate but related entities . The first is a Miles Davis studio album released by Blue Note Records as a 10-inch LP , as BLP 5022 in 1953 . The six tracks from this LP plus five alternate takes were released on CD in 1990 and remastered with restored artwork in 2001 .   The second Miles Davis Volume 2 is a compilation of tracks from all three of his sessions with the label , released ( with different cover art ) in 1956 as BLP 1502 .   The original 10-inch LP ( BLP 5022 ) contained music from Davis ' second session for Blue Note , recorded April 20 , 1953 . The recording was made at a point in Davis ' life when he was struggling with heroin addiction , and in his autobiography Davis remembers that he , Jimmy Heath , and Art Blakey were all very high in the studio . Davis also states that the song title `` C.T.A. '' was named after Heath 's girlfriend Connie Theresa Ann .   The 1990 CD ( Blue Note CDP 7 81502 2 ) contained the music recorded at the April 20 , 1953 session , including all of the original 10 `` LP , along with alternate takes from the same session , but using the cover art from the 1956 compilation LP . The 2001 CD ( Blue Note 7243 5 32611 2 2 ) remastered by Rudy Van Gelder restored the artwork from BLP 5022 with the same track list . Davis ' other recordings for Blue Note ( in 1952 and 1954 ) are collected on the RVG CD edition of Miles Davis Volume 1 .   The 12-inch LP ( BLP 1502 ) was originally released in 1956 ( following Miles Davis Volume 1 ( BLP 1501 ) ) after Davis won the Down Beat readers poll as best trumpeter . The two volumes of repackaged Miles Davis material were the first releases in Blue Note 's new 1500 series of 12 `` LPs . The music compiled on the two volumes was from three separate recording sessions made over 1952 -- 54 , some of which had been previously issued as singles , and as three now discontinued 10 '' LPs . Volume 2 contained material from all three sessions , and some previously unreleased alternate takes . The master takes of the March 6 , 1954 session , which made up the bulk of the 12 `` LP , had originally been issued in 10 `` LP format under the title Miles Davis , Volume 3 ( BLP 5040 ) , and the May 9 , 1952 material had been previously released the 10 '' LP Young Man with a Horn ( BLP 5013 ) . Some Japanese CD versions reproduce the original 12 `` LP running order .

neg: Fisk Jubilee Singers The Fisk Jubilee Singers are an African-American a cappella ensemble , consisting of students at Fisk University . The first group was organized in 1871 to tour and raise funds for college . Their early repertoire consisted mostly of traditional spirituals , but included some Stephen Foster songs . The original group toured along the Underground Railroad path in the United States , as well as performing in England and Europe . Later 19th-century groups also toured in Europe .   In 2002 the Library of Congress honored their 1909 recording of `` Swing Low , Sweet Chariot '' by adding it in the United States National Recording Registry . In 2008 they were awarded a National Medal of Arts .

neg: Ode to a Nightingale `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a poem by John Keats written either in the garden of the Spaniards Inn , Hampstead , London or , according to Keats ' friend Charles Armitage Brown , under a plum tree in the garden of Keats ' house at Wentworth Place , also in Hampstead . According to Brown , a nightingale had built its nest near the house Keats and Brown shared in the spring of 1819 . Inspired by the bird 's song , Keats composed the poem in one day . It soon became one of his 1819 odes and was first published in Annals of the Fine Arts the following July . The poem is one of the most frequently anthologized in the English language .   `` Ode to a Nightingale '' is a personal poem that describes Keats 's journey into the state of negative capability . The tone of the poem rejects the optimistic pursuit of pleasure found within Keats 's earlier poems and , rather , explores the themes of nature , transience and mortality , the latter being particularly personal to Keats .   The nightingale described within the poem experiences a type of death but does not actually die . Instead , the songbird is capable of living through its song , which is a fate that humans can not expect . The poem ends with an acceptance that pleasure can not last and that death is an inevitable part of life . In the poem , Keats imagines the loss of the physical world and sees himself dead -- as a `` sod '' over which the nightingale sings . The contrast between the immortal nightingale and mortal man sitting in his garden , is made all the more acute by an effort of the imagination . The presence of weather is noticeable in the poem , as spring came early in 1819 , bringing nightingales all over the heath .

neg: Run, Nigger, Run `` Run , Nigger , Run '' ( Roud 3660 ) is an African-American folk song , first documented in 1851 , which is known from numerous versions . Growing out of the rise of slave patrols in the slave-owning southern United States , the song is about and follows an unnamed black man who attempts to run from a slave patrol and avoid capture . This folk song was released as a commercial recording several times , beginning in the 1920s , and it was included in the 2013 film 12 Years a Slave .

neg: Little Brown Jug (song) `` Little Brown Jug '' is a song written in 1869 by Joseph Winner , originally published credited to `` Eastburn '' ( Winner 's middle name ) by J.E. Winner in Philadelphia .   It was originally a drinking song . It remained well known as a folk song into the early 20th century . Like many songs which make reference to alcohol , it enjoyed new popularity during the Prohibition era . In 1939 , bandleader Glenn Miller recorded and broadcast his swing instrumental arrangement of the tune with great success , and the number became one of the best known orchestrations of the American Big Band era .   The same melody was used for the song `` My Ding-a-Ling '' written by Dave Bartholomew , which became a Number 1 hit in 1972 for Chuck Berry .

neg: Firth, Pond & Company Firth , Pond & Company was an American music company that published sheet music and distributed musical instruments in the 19th and early 20th centuries . The company began in 1847 when William Hall broke with partners John Firth and Sylvanus Pond , thus disbanding their New York-based publishing company , Firth & Hall .   Firth and Pond reformed under the name Firth , Pond & Company . Publishing of sheet music made up their core business , and the company played a key role in the popularizing of works by songwriters such as Stephen Foster and Dan Emmett . They preferred material from the minstrel shows to more serious fare , although the company did publish material such as Foster 's non-blackface ballads and songs by Louis Moreau Gottschalk .   In the 1850s , demand steadily grew in the United States for guitars . Firth , Pond & Company offered the instruments under its imprint , advertising , `` Guitars of Our Own Manufacture , of Superior Tone and Finish , in Lined Case , for $ 15 to $ 50 '' . These were actually created by guitar makers such as C. F. Martin and James Ashborn . By 1855 , Firth , Pond & Company sold $ 50,000 in pianos and $ 30,000 in guitars and other instruments ; sheet music revenues were only $ 70,000 .   When Firth and Pond parted ways , the company split into Firth , Son & Company and William Pond & Company .

neg: Battle Cry of Freedom The `` Battle Cry of Freedom '' , also known as `` Rally ` Round the Flag '' , is a song written in 1862 by American composer George Frederick Root ( 1820 -- 1895 ) during the American Civil War . A patriotic song advocating the causes of Unionism and abolitionism , it became so popular that composer H. L. Schreiner and lyricist W. H. Barnes adapted it for the Confederacy .   A modified Union version was used as the campaign song for the Lincoln-Johnson ticket in the 1864 presidential election , as well as in elections after the war , such as for Garfield in the 1880 U.S. presidential election . The song was so popular that the music publisher had 14 printing presses going at one time and still could not keep up with demand . It is estimated that over 700,000 copies of this song were put in circulation . Louis Moreau Gottschalk thought so highly of the song that in his diary he confided that he thought `` it should be our national anthem '' and used it as the basis for his 1863 concert paraphrase for solo piano `` Le Cri de délivrance , '' opus 55 , and dedicated it to Root , who was a personal friend . Charles Ives quoted the song in his own patriotic song , `` They Are There '' .

neg: Dinah Sings Bessie Smith Dinah Sings Bessie Smith is a 1958 album by blues , R&B and jazz singer Dinah Washington released on the Emarcy label , and reissued by Verve Records in 1999 as The Bessie Smith Songbook . The album arrangements are headed by Robare Edmondson and Ernie Wilkins , and the songs are associated with American blues singer Bessie Smith . Allmusic details the album in its review as saying : `` It was only natural that the `` Queen of the Blues '' should record songs associated with the `` Empress of the Blues . '' The performances by the septet/octet do not sound like the 1920s and the purposely ricky-tick drumming is insulting , but Dinah Washington sounds quite at home on this music '' .

neg: Jingle Bells `` Jingle Bells '' is one of the best-known and commonly sung American songs in the world . It was written by James Lord Pierpont ( 1822 -- 1893 ) and published under the title `` One Horse Open Sleigh '' in the autumn of 1857 . It has been claimed that it was originally written to be sung by a Sunday school choir ; however , historians dispute this , stating that it was much too `` racy '' ( and secular ) to be sung by a children 's church choir in the days it was written .   Although not originally intended on having any connection to Christmas , it became associated with Christmas music and the holiday season in general decades after it was first performed on Washington Street in Boston in 1857 . Some area choirs adopted it as part of their repertoire in the 1860s and 1870s , and it was featured in a variety of parlor-song and college anthologies in the 1880s . It was first recorded by the Edison Male Quartette in 1898 on an Edison cylinder , and became a Christmas favorite in the early twentieth century .

neg: Ten Little Injuns `` Ten Little Injuns '' is a popular song written by Septimus Winner in 1868 for the minstrel trade . It was based on an 1850s minstrel skit about one John Brown whose American Indian boy grows from `` one little Injun '' into `` ten little Injuns , '' and then back to one , that is :

neg: Blue Velvet (song) `` Blue Velvet '' is a popular song written and composed in 1950 by Bernie Wayne and Lee Morris . A top 20 hit for Tony Bennett in its original 1951 version , the song has since been re-recorded many times , with a 1963 version by Bobby Vinton reaching No. 1 .

neg: Am I Blue Am I Blue may refer to :   Am I Blue ( George Strait song ) , a 1987 song by George Strait  Am I Blue ? , a song written by Harry Akst and Grant Clarke in 1929 , and later recorded by Ricky Nelson , Linda Ronstadt , Bette Midler , Eddie Cochran and Cher  Am I Blue ( album ) , a 1963 album by jazz guitarist Grant Green  Am I Blue ( play ) , a play by Beth Henley


query: Tony Bill worked with an actor.

pos: Tony Bill Gerard Anthony `` Tony '' Bill ( born August 23 , 1940 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He produced the 1973 movie The Sting , for which he shared the Academy Award for Best Picture with Michael Phillips and Julia Phillips . As an actor , Bill has had supporting roles in films including Come Blow Your Horn ( 1963 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , Pee-Wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) , and Less Than Zero ( 1987 ) . He made his directorial debut with My Bodyguard ( 1980 ) , and has since directed movies like Six Weeks ( 1982 ) , Five Corners ( 1987 ) , Crazy People ( 1990 ) , and Flyboys ( 2006 ) . He often casts Dudley Moore in his films .

pos: Dudley Moore Dudley Stuart John Moore , CBE ( -LSB- mɔər -RSB- 19 April 193527 March 2002 ) was an English actor , comedian , musician and composer .   Moore first came to prominence in the UK as one of the four writer-performers in the comedy revue Beyond the Fringe from 1960 , and with one member of that team , Peter Cook , collaborated on the television series Not Only ... But Also . The double act worked on other projects until the mid-1970s , by which time Moore had settled in Los Angeles to concentrate on his film acting .   His solo career as a comedy film actor was heightened by the success of hit Hollywood films , particularly Foul Play ( 1978 ) , 10 ( 1979 ) and Arthur ( 1981 ) . For the latter film , Moore was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won a Golden Globe Award . He received a second Golden Globe for his performance in Micki & Maude ( 1984 ) .

neg: James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .

neg: Tony Dawe Tony Dawe ( born 1940 ) is a British sound engineer . He has been nominated for four Academy Awards in the category Best Sound . Since 1958 , he has worked on 70 feature films , 18 films made for television , and 340 hours of television drama . Before joining the film industry in 1967 , he worked as an engineer at the famous EMI Abbey Road recording studios in 1958/60 . Between 1960 and 1967 he worked for ABC Television at their Teddington studios , where he was in charge of the sound dubbing suite .

neg: Tony Lee Tony Lee is a British comics writer , screenwriter , audio playwright , and novelist .

neg: Bill Cracks Down Bill Cracks Down is a 1937 American film directed by William Nigh . The film is also known as Men of Steel in the United Kingdom .

neg: Tony Lee (actor) Tony Lee is an actor . He attended Le Conte High School in Los Angeles , went to college at the University of California at Berkeley , and graduated with a degree in law from the University of California at Los Angeles . He has been admitted to the State Bar of California . He currently works for Cunningham Lindsey as a Customer Service Officer .   Nonetheless , he has been playing mostly non-recurring roles in various television series since 2000 such as his role in The West Wing episode entitled `` Han '' , except for Lost , where he played Jae Lee for three episodes . He is also well known for playing his role as Tony Lee in the Nickelodeon television sitcom Just Jordan .

neg: Ralph Richardson Sir Ralph David Richardson ( 19 December 1902 -- 10 October 1983 ) was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He worked in films throughout most of his career , and played more than sixty cinema roles . From an artistic but not theatrical background , Richardson had had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor . He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre . In 1931 he joined the Old Vic , playing mostly Shakespearean roles . He led the company the following season , succeeding Gielgud , who had taught him much about stage technique . After he left the company , a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway .   In the 1940s , together with Olivier and John Burrell , Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company . There , his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff . He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946 , before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic , leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947 . In the 1950s , in the West End and occasionally on tour , Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress , Home at Seven , and Three Sisters . He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty . He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall 's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud . He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics , preferring character parts in old and new plays .   Richardson 's film career began as an extra in 1931 . He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come ( 1936 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1962 ) and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . He received nominations and awards in the UK , Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death . Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for The Heiress ( 1949 ) and again ( posthumously ) for his final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes ( 1984 ) .   Throughout his career , and increasingly in later years , Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage . He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world , and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical .

neg: Tony Wike Tony Wike is a voice actor and broadcaster based in Omaha .   He is program director for Radio Talking Book Service in Omaha . Previously , he was morning anchor and reporter for radio stations KFAB-AM and KGOR-FM , where he won the Nebraska Broadcasters award for Best Newscast in 2010 . He also anchored morning news for stations in Augusta GA , Columbus GA and Greenville SC , along with anchoring sports for the Georgia News Network .   Before that , he was morning anchor and reporter for radio station WDUN-AM in Gainesville , GA , where he won the 2008 Georgia AP award for Best Newscast in Class B . He also is a freelance voiceover announcer for clients such as Ringling Bros. . Barnum & Bailey Circus , The Pee Wee Herman Show , Godfather 's Pizza , Country Music Television and Lozier Inc. .   In 2003 , he was elected to the Nebraska Radio Personalities Hall of Fame .   He has voiced characters in several animated series , including Street Sharks , Archie 's Weird Mysteries and Liberty 's Kids .   He has also appeared in two movies , Citizen Ruth and A Thousand Heroes '' .

neg: Tony Blundetto Anthony `` Tony '' Blundetto , played by Steve Buscemi , is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos . He is Tony Soprano 's cousin who is released from prison at the beginning of the show 's fifth season . Upon release , Tony Blundetto begins to pursue a straight , non-criminal life . However , he is eventually overpowered by the challenges of civilian life and turns back to crime , dragging the DiMeo Crime Family into the Lupertazzi Crime Family 's power struggle .   For his work in season 5 , Buscemi received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series .

neg: Is It Bill Bailey? Is It Bill Bailey ? was a stand up / sketch comedy series written by and starring Bill Bailey . One series of six episodes was produced and aired on BBC Two in 1998 , and it has never been recommissioned or released on DVD . It was to have been repeated for the first time since original transmission on Dave from 23 September 2008 , but was dropped from the schedules a few days before broadcast .   Each episode featured Bailey performing stand-up comedy on stage , interspersed with sketches starring himself and other actors . As well as performing parodies of pop songs or performers , Bailey would deconstruct music from television shows such as Doctor Who or Starsky and Hutch .   The programme was produced by BBC Scotland and many of the sketches feature Scottish actors such as Forbes Masson and Ford Kiernan . Geraldine McNulty , Norman Lovett and Simon Pegg also feature . Additional material was also contributed by frequent collaborators Sean Lock and Martin Trenaman . The shows were directed by Edgar Wright , who went on to direct the sitcom Spaced and the films Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz , all of which starred Simon Pegg . Bailey had a cameo in Hot Fuzz , as well as a small role in Spaced . Bailey was also approached to appear in Shaun of the Dead as a zombie , but was busy with other engagements at the time . Many songs and routines featured in the show were first performed in his Cosmic Jam tour and TV show Asylum and several were later used during his Bewilderness tour .   The title is derived from the Rizla game ( `` Guess Who 's You '' ) , the opening credits of the show showing Bill with a Rizla on his forehead , bearing his own name .

neg: Angelo Fierro Angelo Fierro is an American film and television actor .   Fierro , an Italian-American of Sicilian ancestry , was born in Boston 's Little Italy , the North End . He first appeared on network television in an automobile commercial for Toyota . Extolled for his menacing looks , his portrayal of the villain has since been quite frequent . Surprisingly adept at comedy , he also has appeared at Stand Up New York comedy club .   He starred on the TV series Breaking Vegas as the real-life counterfeiter , Louis Colavecchio , and had a recurring role as the Russian mobster , Vladimir , on the TV series Ocean Ave. , starring Victoria Jackson and Megan Fox . He also appeared in the movies Señorita Justice as Carlos Rios , with Eva Longoria and Final Engagement as gangster John Knight , with Peter Greene . He has made guest appearances on TV shows such as the Michael Jackson Trial and Untold Stories of the ER , and is well known for his Tony Soprano parody in an Andalusia Olive Oil commercial , with the tag line : `` Are you wearing a wire ? ''   Fierro studied acting at Florida Atlantic University , where he graduated with degrees in marketing and international business , having started theater too late to pursue a Bachelor of Fine Arts . He continues to follow an acting career in New York .

neg: Billy Murray (actor) William `` Billy '' Albert Murray ( born 6 October 1941 ) is an English actor , best known for playing Don Beech in The Bill from 1995 to 2004 , Johnny Allen in the BBC soap opera EastEnders from 2005 to 2006 , Captain John Price in the video games Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 2 , and Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 3 .

neg: Tom Patchett Tom Patchett is an American film director , screenwriter , actor and producer who is best known as the co-creator of ALF . He co-wrote the films Up the Academy , The Great Muppet Caper , The Muppets Take Manhattan and Project ALF . He also wrote episodes of The Bob Newhart Show , We 've Got Each Other , The Tony Randall Show , The Carol Burnett Show and Buffalo Bill .

neg: William O'Connell (actor) William O'Connell ( born William L. O'Connell Jr. on August 20 , 1933 ) is an American film and television actor .

neg: Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .

neg: Bill Thurman Bill Thurman ( November 4 , 1920 -- April 13 , 1995 ) was an American film and television actor . From the early 1960s until his death in 1995 , he frequently appeared in B movies and independent films , often playing `` redneck types '' or sheriffs . He worked with low-budget-director Larry Buchanan on numerous films , for example In the Year 2889 and ` It 's Alive ! ' . Thurman was one of those Southern actors who were specialized in so called `` regional '' pictures , films which were made exclusively for distribution in the Southern States .   However , Thurman also appeared in two movies by Hollywood star director Steven Spielberg and played the Coach Popper , the apparently homosexual husband of Cloris Leachman , in Peter Bogdanovich 's classic The Last Picture Show ( 1971 ) . The character actor also appeared in popular television shows like Dallas and Centennial . One of his last big roles was Reverend McWiley in the horror film Mountaintop Motel Massacre ( 1986 ) .

neg: Tonya Cornelisse Tonya Cornelisse is an American actress .

neg: Tony Van Bridge Valentine Anthony Neil `` Tony Van '' Bridge CM ( 28 May 1917 -- 20 December 2004 ) was a British television and theatre actor and director .

neg: Syd Courtenay Syd Courtenay was a South African-born British actor and screenwriter . He was a frequent collaborator with the comedian Leslie Fuller . Courtenay first met Fuller in 1919 in Margate and they soon struck up a partnership with routines featuring their comedic character Bill . With the arrival of sound films they were signed to British International Pictures and made their first film Not So Quiet on the Western Front in 1930 . They made a large number of films during the 1930s , generally featuring the character of Bill , with Courtenay writing and acting in many of them . He was married to Lola Harvey , who co-wrote a number of films with him .

neg: Howard Rollins Howard Ellsworth Rollins , Jr. ( October 17 , 1950 -- December 8 , 1996 ) was an American stage , film and television actor . Howard Rollins was best known for his role as Andrew Young in 1978 's King , George Haley in the 1979 movie Roots , Coalhouse Walker , Jr. in the 1981 film Ragtime , Captain Davenport in the 1984 film A Soldier 's Story , and as Virgil Tibbs on the crime drama for NBC/CBS , In the Heat of the Night .

neg: Mark Wingett Mark Christopher Wingett ( born 1 January 1961 ) is an English actor . He is best known for playing the role of Jim Carver in the ITV police procedural The Bill .


query: Steve Irwin was Bolivian.

pos: Steve Irwin Stephen Robert Irwin ( 22 February 1962 -- 4 September 2006 ) , nicknamed `` The Crocodile Hunter '' , was an Australian nature expert and television personality . Irwin achieved worldwide fame from the television series The Crocodile Hunter , an internationally broadcast wildlife documentary series which he co-hosted with his wife Terri . Together , the couple also owned and operated Australia Zoo , founded by Irwin 's parents in Beerwah , about 80 km north of the Queensland state capital city of Brisbane .   Irwin died on 4 September 2006 after being pierced in the chest by a stingray barb while filming an underwater documentary film titled Ocean 's Deadliest . The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society ship was named in his honour .

neg: Social Democratic Party (Bolivia) The Social Democratic Party ( Spanish : Partido Social Demócrata , PSD ) was a conservative , small and elitist , but influential Bolivian political party formed by middle-class intellectuals .   The Social Democratic Party was founded in 1944 by younger , conservative Bolivians committed to modernization and the technological and technocratic strategies they believed necessary to achieve it .   Led by Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas ( Hernán Siles Zuazo 's half-brother ) , Roberto Arce , Manfredo Kempf Mercado , Gastón Arduz Eguia , Alberto Crespo Gutiérrez , Tomás Guillermo Elio , and Mario Estenssoro , the party embraced developmentalist , nominally Christian-Democratic principles .   For the 1947 general elections the Party allied with the Liberal Party and Revolutionary Left Party and backed Liberal Luis Femando Guachalla as the coalition 's presidential candidate .   For the 1951 general elections the PSD allied with the Republican Socialist Unity Party and backed PURS ' presidential candidate Gabriel Gosalvez .   During the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement regime ( 1952 -- 1964 ) , the Social Democratic Party was a minor force , allied electorally with the Bolivian Socialist Falange . It was generally regarded as an ideological relic of the prerevolutionary period , surviving only because its leaders were relatively young .   After Víctor Paz Estenssoro 's overthrow in 1964 , the Social Democratic Party obtained a new lease on life and cooperated with the military regime of General René Barrientos Ortuño . Their influence no doubt was stimulated by the growing prominence of `` technocrats '' in the military dictatorships of Brazil and Argentina .  For the 1966 general elections PSD allied with the Revolutionary Left Party , Authentic Revolutionary Party and Popular Christian Movement and backed Barrientos as the coalition 's presidential candidate . The PSD 's leader , Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas was chosen as vice-presidential candidate .   The PSD withdrew support Barrientos in 1968 , but returned to a pro-government stance , when René Barrientos Ortuño died in a helicopter crash on 27 April 1969 and Siles Salinas became president , serving with conspicuous dedication and honesty for five months until overthrown by General Alfredo Ovando Candía .   In succeeding years , the Social Democratic Party became inactive after that , although Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas continued to pursue his presidential ambitions .

neg: Jichu Quta Jichu Quta ( Aymara jichu ichhu ( Peruvian feather grass ) , quta lake , `` ichhu lake '' , also spelled Jicho Kkota ) is a mountain north of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4560 m . It is located in the La Paz Department , Larecaja Province , Sorata Municipality , at the border with the Quiabaya Municipality . Jichu Quta lies south of Saywani at a lake named Quriwari . The Wayllani Jawira originates near the mountain . It flows to the west .

neg: List of birds of Bolivia This is a list of the bird species recorded in Bolivia . The avifauna of Bolivia has 1381 species ( 1382 according to Clements ; see puffbirds ) . Fifteen are endemic , two have been introduced by humans , and 19 are rare or accidental . An additional 38 species are hypothetical ( see below ) .   This list 's taxonomic treatment ( designation and sequence of orders , families , and species ) and nomenclature ( common and scientific names ) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World , 2016 edition . The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy , as do the species counts found in each family account . Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts . Except as an entry is cited otherwise , the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) of the American Ornithologists ' Union . The taxonomy used by the SACC differs from `` Clements '' , and significant differences in names are noted . Differences from `` Clements '' in the sequence of orders , families , and species within families are not noted .  The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories , but not all species fall into one of these categories . Those that do not are commonly occurring native species .   ( A ) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Bolivia  ( E ) Endemic - a species endemic to Bolivia  ( I ) Introduced - a species introduced to Bolivia as a consequence , direct or indirect , of human actions  ( H ) Hypothetical - a species recorded but with `` no tangible evidence '' according to the SACC

neg: Steve Gay Steve Gay ( born September 1 , 1947 in La Paz , Bolivia ) is a former U.S. collegiate soccer forward who was on the U.S. soccer team at the 1972 Summer Olympics . He went on to coach the UCLA men 's soccer team from 1975 to 1979 .

neg: 2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic The 2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic was an epidemic of dengue fever which struck Bolivia in early 2009 , escalating into a national emergency by February . The BBC described it as the worst outbreak of dengue fever in the country 's history . At least 18 people died and 31,000 were infected by the mosquito-transmitted arbovirus .   On 20 February , the Pan American Health Organization reported that eighty ( 80 ) cases of the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever had occurred in Bolivia since January , of which 22 % were fatal . Bolivia requested outside assistance and foreign aid .

neg: Miners' survival during 2010 Copiapó mining accident The 2010 Copiapó mining accident began as a cave-in on 5 August 2010 at the San José copper-gold mine in the Atacama Desert near Copiapó , Chile . The accident left 33 men trapped 700 m below ground who survived underground for a record 69 days . All 33 men were rescued and brought to the surface on 13 October 2010 over a period of almost 24 hours . After the last trapped miner was winched to the surface , the rescue workers still underground held up a sign before the camera stating `` Misión cumplida Chile '' ( English : `` Mission accomplished Chile '' ) to the estimated more than 1 billion people watching the rescue on live television around the world .   The San José Mine is about 45 km north of Copiapó , in northern Chile . The miners were trapped approximately 5 km from the mine entrance . The mine had a history of instability that had led to previous accidents , including one death .   The retrieval of the first miner , Florencio Ávalos , began on Tuesday , 12 October at 23:55 CLDT , with the rescue capsule reaching the surface 16 minutes later . Less than 24 hours later , at 21:55 CLDT on 13 October , all 33 miners had been rescued , almost all in good medical condition , and expected to recover fully . Two miners were suffering from silicosis , one of whom also had pneumonia , and others were suffering from dental infections and corneal problems . Three of the rescued miners had immediate surgery under general anesthesia for dental problems .

neg: Irwin Sobel Irwin Sobel ( born September 12 , 1940 ) is a scientist and researcher in digital image processing .

neg: Janq'u Uyu Janq ' u Uyu ( Aymara janq ' u white , uyu yard for livestock , `` white yard '' , hispanicized spelling Jankho Huyo , Janko Huyo ) is a mountain in the Andes , about 5,512 m ( 18,084 ft ) high , located in the Cordillera Real of Bolivia in the La Paz Department , Los Andes Province , Batallas Municipality , Chachakumani Canton on the border with Larecaja Province , Guanay Municipality , Challana Canton . It is situated at the very end of the Janq ' u Quta valley between Jisk ' a Pata in the north-west and Wila Lluxita in the east , north of Wila Lluxi and Phaq ' u Kiwuta .

neg: Cotacachi Canton Cotacachi is a canton of Imbabura province of Ecuador in South America . The name also refers to the city which is the seat of that canton , one of Ecuador 's leading artisanal manufacturers of leather goods , and to the dormant Volcan Cotacachi which overlooks the canton .   The city of Cotacachi holds a UNESCO medal for being free of illiteracy . In 2000 the canton of Cotacachi was declared the first ecological county of South America .   The name Cotacachi has many meanings . In `` Cara '' it means `` lake with women breast '' which refers to the general shape of the island in Laguna Cuicocha ; in Quichua it means powder salt . The ecosystems of the area and the native flora and fauna makes this canton one of the ecologically richest zones in South America . The area attracts tourists for bird-watching , camping , and fly fishing .   The weather in the area ranges from 9 to 25 degrees Celsius and is cooler in the evenings .   In the last decade Cotacachi has implemented a new system of local development by creating a city council . All the sectors of the society , from children to the ancient , rural and urban representatives participate in the council . Cotacachi is an example of development and progress .   Ascendant Corporation plans to raze to the ground the villages of Junín , Cerro Pelado , and El Triunfo in order to make ground for copper mining . Since the complete moratorium passed on all mining in Ecuador ( as of May 2008 ) , however , this has been delayed if not completely halted .   Pachakutik , a party of the indigenous population gained four of five seats in the area at the 2004 local elections . For the 2009-2014 period , Alberto Anrango ( supporter of the Alianza PAIS party ) was the mayor of Cotacachi . In 2014 , Jomar Cevallos , founder of the new party , Ally Kawsay ( `` Vivir Bien '' in Spanish , or `` Good Living '' in English ) , won the election for the 2015-2019 period .   Cotacachi is known for quality leather goods ; it has a number of shops on `` Leather Street '' that sell coats , jackets , shoes , and specialty items .

neg: Crocodile Hunter Crocodile Hunter may refer to :   Steve Irwin ( 1962 -- 2006 ) , star of The Crocodile Hunter  Malcolm Douglas ( documentary maker ) ( 1941 -- 2010 ) , Australian wildlife documentary film maker and crocodile hunter  The Crocodile Hunter , TV nature program  The Crocodile Hunter : Collision Course , a 2002 feature film  The Crocodile Hunter Diaries , a wildlife documentary television series first aired on cable TV channel Animal Planet  Croc Files , also known as The Crocodile Hunter 's Croc Files  My Daddy , the Crocodile Hunter , a one-hour television documentary film hosted by Bindi Irwin  Crocodile Hunter ( film ) , a 1989 Hong Kong film

neg: Chuwa Chuwani Chuwa Chuwani ( Aymara chuwa chuwa little herb which grows in swamps , - ni a suffix to indicate ownership , `` the one with the chuwa chuwa plant '' , Hispanicized spelling Chua Chuani ) is a 4918 m mountain in the Andes of Bolivia . It is situated in the La Paz Department , Pacajes Province , in the south of the Calacoto Municipality . Chuwa Chuwani lies between the mountain Anallaxchi in the north-east and Jach ' a Kunturiri in the south-west .

neg: Movement for Sovereignty The Movement for Sovereignty ( Spanish : Movimiento por la Soberanía , MPS ) is a leftist , indigenist Bolivian political party founded by dissidents of the Movement for Socialism ( MAS-IPSP ) . Its leader , and fourth-place candidate for Governor of La Paz department in the 2010 regional election is Lino Villca . Other MAS-IPSP activists involved in founding the MPS include Óscar Chirinos , Miguel Machaca , and Rufo Calle . The party 's colors are blue , white , and yellow .   In the April 2010 elections , the MPS won the mayor 's office in 6 municipalities : Achacachi , Mecapaca , Escoma , Sorata , Combaya , and Pucarani .   In the 2015 regional election , prominent peasant leader ( and former head of the CSUTCB ) Felipe Quispe ran for governor of La Paz Department with the MPS . Indigenous intellectual and MAS-IPSP dissident Felix Patzi defected from his alliance the MPS to run with SOL.bo and win the race for governor . Overall , the party won fifteen mayor 's races , but failed to win re-election in any of the municipalities it won in 2010 . It elected mayors to govern Ancoraimes , Comanche , Charaña , Callapa , Mocomoco , Guanay , Guaqui , Desaguadero , Chulumani , Batallas , Colquencha , Ixiamas , Tito Yupanqui , Santiago de Machaca , and Alto Beni . With fifteen mayors , it ranked third among Bolivian political parties in the number municipalities it controls , far behind the MAS-IPSP .   In December 2015 , three MPS mayors -- Beatriz Arce of Guaqui , Wilfredo Acarapi of Desaguadero , and Martín Villalobos of Charaña -- announced their support for President Evo Morales and received national government funds for projects in their towns .

neg: Warachani (Bolivia) Warachani ( Aymara waracha wooden camp bed,-ni a suffix , `` the one with the wooden campbed '' , also spelled Huarachani ) is a mountain in the northern extensions of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4540 m . It is located in the La Paz Department , Larecaja Province , Sorata Municipality . It lies southwest of Chunta Qullu . The Ch ` alla Suyu River ( `` sand region '' , Challa Suyu ) originates at the mountain . It flows to the southwest .

neg: Illimani Illimani ( Aymara ) is the highest mountain in the Cordillera Real ( part of the Cordillera Oriental , a subrange of the Andes ) of western Bolivia . It lies near the cities of El Alto and La Paz at the eastern edge of the Altiplano . It is the second highest peak in Bolivia , after Nevado Sajama , and the eighteenth highest peak in South America . The snow line lies at about 4570 m above sea level , and glaciers are found on the northern face at 4983 m . The mountain has four main peaks ; the highest is the south summit , Nevado Illimani , which is a popular ascent for mountain climbers .   Geologically , Illimani is composed primarily of granodiorite , intruded during the Cenozoic era into the sedimentary rock , which forms the bulk of the Cordillera Real .   Illimani is quite visible from the cities of El Alto and La Paz , and is their major landmark . The mountain has been the subject of many local songs , most importantly `` Illimani '' , with the following refrain : '' ¡ Illimani , Illimani , centinela tú eres de La Paz ! ¡ Illimani , Illimani , patrimonio eres de Bolivia ! '' ( `` Illimani , Illimani , you are the sentinel of La Paz ! Illimani , Illimani , you are Bolivia 's heritage ! '' )

neg: South of the Border (2009 film) South of the Border is a 2009 American documentary film directed by Oliver Stone . The documentary premiered at the 2009 Venice Film Festival . Writer for the project Tariq Ali calls the documentary `` a political road movie '' . Stone stated that he hopes the film will help people better understand a leader who is wrongly ridiculed `` as a strongman , as a buffoon , as a clown . ''   The film has Stone and his crew travel from the Caribbean down the spine of the Andes in an attempt to explain the `` phenomenon '' of Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez , and account for the continent 's `` pink tide '' leftward tilt . A key feature is also Venezuela 's recent Bolivarian revolution and Latin America 's political progress in the 21st century . In addition to Chávez , Stone sought to flesh out several other Latin American presidents whose policies and personalities generally get limited , or according to Stone , biased media attention in the United States and Europe , notably : Evo Morales of Bolivia ; Cristina Kirchner and former president Néstor Kirchner of Argentina ; Rafael Correa of Ecuador ; Raúl Castro of Cuba ; Fernando Lugo of Paraguay ; and Lula da Silva of Brazil .

neg: Bolivian Constituent Assembly of 2006–07 The Bolivian Constituent Assembly , convened on August 6 , 2006 in Sucre , with the purpose of drafting a new national constitution by December 14 , 2007 ; extended from the original deadline of August 6 , 2007 . The Assembly approved the new Political Constitution of the State on 9 December 2007 . It was put to a national referendum held on 25 January 2009 , and went into force on 7 February 2009 .   Disputes over the content of this text and procedures of its approval aggravated political conflict in Bolivia , including violent conflicts in Sucre and Cochabamba . Opposition and conservative sectors including the `` media luna '' denounced the text claiming the procedure of its passage was illegal , passed with a third of constituent delegates absent ( from minority conservative parties ) . Despite inclusive wording of the text , opponents have claimed the new document only represents indigenous peoples , discriminating against mixed ( mestizo ) , white ( European ) populations .   Prior Constituent Assemblies , or other bodies empowered with rewriting Bolivia 's Constitution have taken place on at least 17 occasions since 1826 .

neg: Bolivia–Chile relations Interstate relations between the Republic of Chile and the Plurinational State of Bolivia have been strained ever since independence in the early 19th century because of the Atacama border dispute . Relations soured even more after Bolivia lost its coast to Chile during the War of the Pacific and became a landlocked country ( Bolivia still claims a corridor to the Pacific Ocean ) . Chile and Bolivia have maintained only consular relations since 1978 , when territorial negotiations failed and Bolivia decided to sever diplomatic relations with Chile . However , in spite of straining relationship , Chile and Bolivia still have economic treaties , supporting tourism and cooperations , therefore , trading between two nations is not affected from the territorial dispute .

neg: Rubber soldiers Rubber soldiers ( Portuguese : Soldados da borracha ) were people in Brazil which were compulsorily drafted to harvest rubber in the Amazon rainforest during World War II .   The `` rubber soldiers '' program was a consequence of the Brazil-United States Political-Military Agreement during the war , after the United States were cut off by Japan from its major supply of rubber in Malaysia . About 55,000 persons were mostly transferred from drought-stricken northeast areas and contributed to the second rubber boom in Brazil . They were enlisted into the Serviço Especial de Mobilização de Trabalhadores para a Amazônia ( SEMTA ; `` Special Service of Mobilization of Workers for the Amazon '' ) , with support of several other governmental organizations .   Each migrant signed a contract with SEMTA which offered a small salary for the worker during their transport to the Amazon region . Upon arrival , they received a payment of 60 % of the total profit which had been obtained with the rubber . The basic kit they received included basic clothing , eating equipment , a net , and a carton of Colomy cigarettes . After being recruited , the volunteers were placed in specially-built housing , under strict military watch , and then sent into the Amazon , on trips which could last two to three months .   For many workers , it was a one-way journey . About 30,000 rubber workers died abandoned in the Amazon , after having exhausted their energies extracting the `` white gold . '' They died of malaria , yellow fever , and hepatitis , and were attacked by animals such as panthers , serpents , and scorpions . The Brazilian government also did not fulfill its promise to return the `` rubber soldiers '' to their homes at the end of the war as heroes and with housing comparable to that of the military .

neg: San Matéo River San Matéo is a Bolivian river in the Cochabamba Department , Tiraque Province and in the Chapare Province , Villa Tunari Municipality . It belongs to the Amazon River watershed .   San Matéo River flows to Villa Tunari in a northeasterly direction . Shortly before reaching the town it receives waters from its most important tributary , the Ivirizu River , which comes from the south . In the east of Villa Tunari San Matéo River meets Espíritu Santo River coming from the west . From the point of the confluence the river is known as Chapare River .

neg: San Javier Municipality, Beni San Javier Municipality is a municipality of the Beni Department , Bolivia .