query: Jordan Spence has played for six football clubs.

pos: Jordan Spence Jordan James Spence ( born 24 May 1990 ) is an English footballer who plays for Ipswich Town . Predominantly as a right-back , Spence can also operate as a centre-back . He has represented and captained England at various youth levels . He has previously played for West Ham United , Leyton Orient , Scunthorpe United , Bristol City , Sheffield Wednesday and Milton Keynes Dons .

neg: Simon Sheppard (footballer) Simon Sheppard ( born 7 August 1973 in Clevedon ) is an English former football goalkeeper . During his career he played in the Football League for Watford , Scarborough , Reading , and Chelsea before dropping into non-league football with Boreham Wood and Kettering Town . Sheppard played for England at schoolboy level , and also represented his country at the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship . He was one of three Watford youth goalkeepers from the 1980s to play for his country ; the other two were David James and Derick Williams .

neg: Kyabram Football Club The Kyabram Football Club is an Australian rules football club which competes in the Goulburn Valley Football League ( GVFL ) . They are based in Kyabram , Victoria .   Kyabram were a foundation club in the Goulburn Valley Football League and have been one of the most dominant . Only the Shepparton Football Club have won more premierships .   Their most successful era was the 1920s , when they won five premierships .   The club has produced many VFL/AFL footballers , including Ross Dillon , Garry Lyon and Brett Deledio . Kyabram 's Chris Stuhldreier won the GVFL goal-kicking every season from 1991 to 1994 , including a record setting 164 goals in 1993 .

neg: Jordan Nicholson Jordan Nicholson ( born 29 September 1993 ) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for League One side Peterborough United .

neg: Gozo Football League The Gozo Football League is a football competition for clubs on the Maltese island of Gozo .   The league is run by the Gozo Football Association and currently has 14 teams split equally into two divisions , the First Division and the Second Division , thus making it two levels in the process . The Melita First Division is the highest level of the Gozo Football League while the Melita Second Division is the lowest level . At the end of the season , the winners of the Melita Second Division are promoted into the Melita First Division , whilst the bottom club of the Melita First Division is relegated . A promotion/relegation playoff game takes place between the 6th placed First Division team and the team placing second in the Second Division and the winner will participate in the Melita First Division and the loser will participate in the Melita Second Division

neg: 2015–16 Melbourne City FC season The 2015 -- 16 Melbourne City FC season was the club 's sixth season since its establishment in 2009 . The club participated in the A-League for the sixth time and the FFA Cup for the second time .

neg: Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers Football Club -LSB- ˈblækbɜrn_ˈroʊvərz -RSB- is a professional association football club based in Ewood , Blackburn in the county of Lancashire , England . It competes in League One following its relegation from the Championship at the conclusion of the 2016 -- 17 season .   The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 . It is one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League ( the others being Aston Villa and Everton ) . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups and one Football League Cup . Blackburn are the only extant club to have won three consecutive FA Cups . The club has spent the majority of its existence in the top flight of English football ( 72 years ) .   In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998 -- 99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000 -- 01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times : once as League Cup winners , twice as the Premier League 's sixth-placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup . The 2011 -- 12 season marked the club 's 72nd , non-consecutive , year in the top flight . Rovers are currently one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League , along with Arsenal , Chelsea , Manchester United , Manchester City and Leicester City .   The club 's motto is `` Arte et Labore '' , `` By Skill and Hard Work '' in Latin .

neg: 606 (radio show) 606 ( pronounced six-oh-six ) is a football phone-in , broadcast on BBC Radio Five Live throughout the British football season . It covers topics relating to the current affairs of football in the United Kingdom .   The programme gets its name from the ( approximate ) time the show starts on a Saturday evening -- six minutes past six -- after the Sports Report has finished . The name may also be influenced by the phrase `` six of one , half a dozen of the other '' in reference to the exchange of contrasting views within the programme .   It currently airs on Saturdays and Sundays and is produced by Shooting Shark Productions Limited since 2015 : it was formerly made by Campbell Davison Media from 2003 , then Somethin' Else Productions from 2009 . As well as listeners phoning in , a selection of texts and e-mails to the studio are read out .   The programme was inspired by long-running BBC Local radio football phone-ins such as the BBC Radio Sheffield programme `` Praise or Grumble '' .   6-0-6 's current theme tune is an arrangement of `` Psycho '' from Muse .

neg: Maidstone United F.C. Maidstone United Football Club is a professional English football club based in Maidstone , Kent . They currently compete in the National League , the fifth tier of English football .   The current club filled the void left by the old Maidstone United , which was a member of The Football League between 1989 and 1992 . That club was forced out of the league through bankruptcy but the nucleus of a new club was built around the youth squad . Maidstone Invicta were originally a youth team but made the step up to adult football in 1992 being elected to the Kent County League Fourth Division in 1993 and subsequently progressed through the non-league pyramid . They changed their name to Maidstone United in 1995 . They played in the Isthmian League Premier Division from 2013 having been promoted from the Isthmian League Division One South and won the league in the 2014 -- 15 season to gain promotion to the National League South ( formerly the Conference South ) for the 2015 -- 16 season . Maidstone gained a second successive promotion to the National League in 2016 , bringing fifth-tier football back to the town for the first time since the old club was promoted to the Football League in 1989 .   Maidstone were without a stadium of their own from their creation until 2012 when the Gallagher Stadium , located near Maidstone town centre , was opened at the start of the 2012 -- 13 season .

neg: Cashmere Wanderers Cashmere Wanderers is a New Zealand association football club based in Christchurch . The club was formed in 1951 as Atlantis AFC , named for its origins among emigrants to New Zealand aboard the Shaw Savill Line ship Atlantis , which arrived in Lyttelton in 1950 . The club 's initial colours of gold with black trim were chosen to match the colours of Shaw Savill , and the club gained the nickname of `` Wanderers '' due to the similarity of these colours to the English team Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. . In 1961 , the club changed its name to Christchurch Wanderers to reflect this nickname , and also to reflect the fact that the remaining links with the Atlantis and with Shaw Savill were by now tenuous .   A further name change to the current name of Cashmere Wanderers , reflecting the club 's location in the Christchurch suburb of Cashmere came about in 1967 . At the same time the black trim of the club 's strip was changed to maroon to reflect the colours of Cashmere High School , a near neighbour of the club . The club also changed its badge , the new logo prominently featuring an elephant .   Cashmere Wanderers is one of the oldest continually active football clubs in Canterbury . It supports numerous club sides , with over 500 junior players . Its senior men 's team plays in the qualification grade immediately below the Mainland Premier League . The team 's best performance in the Chatham Cup came in 1984 , when they reached the Fifth Round ( last 16 )

neg: Jordan Rhodes Jordan Luke Rhodes ( born 5 February 1990 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Championship club Sheffield Wednesday , on loan from Premier League club Middlesbrough , and the Scotland national team .   He started his career at Ipswich Town and after loan spells at Oxford United , Rochdale and Brentford he joined Huddersfield Town . In the 2011 -- 12 season , he was the top scorer in England with 36 league goals , breaking Huddersfield 's club record for most league goals scored in a season .   In August 2012 , he became English football 's most expensive player outside the top flight when he joined Blackburn Rovers for an # 8 million fee , equalling Blackburn 's record transfer fee .   Born in England , Rhodes opted to play for Scotland , for whom he had become eligible through school attendance while his father Andy Rhodes played as a goalkeeper for Scottish football clubs . Rhodes has represented Scotland at both U-21 level and as a full international .

neg: The Football Combination The Football Combination was a football competition for the reserve teams of English Football League clubs from Southern England , the Midlands and Wales ; other clubs from the Midlands and those from the North playing in the Central League ( it is not to be confused with the Combination , a league for teams from North West England which existed at the turn of the 20th century ) .   The Football Combination was founded in 1915 as the London Combination , originally as a regional league for London clubs after first-class competition had been suspended due to World War I . After hostilities ended , the Combination became a competition for reserve sides only , becoming the Football Combination for the 1939-40 season , which was abandoned due to the start of World War II , as teams from outside London started to join .   The Combination originally included reserve teams of top League clubs within the region , but in 1999 the FA Premier Reserve League was founded . The reserve teams of the FA Premier League clubs and some First Division clubs joined that competition , reducing the size of the Combination ( however , in 2006 , Premier League clubs voted that only the 20 top-tier teams would be able to play in this league , which meant several well-established reserve sides moving to the Combination ) .   The 2011 -- 12 season was the last in the history of the Combination , with the introduction of the EPPP deeming the league surplus to requirements .

neg: Jordan Gysberts Jordan Gysberts ( born 11 June 1991 ) is an Australian rules footballer who previously played for the North Melbourne Football Club in Australian Football League ( AFL ) .

neg: Jordan Stewart (footballer, born 1996) Jordan Stewart ( born 5 March 1996 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a midfielder .

neg: Wattie Jackson Walter `` Wattie '' Jackson was a Scottish professional footballer , a center forward who spent five seasons in the Scottish Football League , at least one in the Football League and two in the American Soccer League .   Born and raised in Renton , West Dunbartonshire , Scotland , Jackson , and his brother Alex , both played professionally . In 1920 , Jackson began his career with Kilmarnock F.C. of the Scottish Football League . In 1923 , while visiting relatives in Detroit , Michigan , he came to the attention Bethlehem Steel who had recently lost center forward Daniel McNiven to the New York Field Club . The team tracked down Jackson in Michigan and offered him $ 25.00 per week to play for Bethlehem . This was nearly triple his salary in Scotland and on 25 August 1923 , signed with the Steelmen . After one season in the United States , Jackson returned to Scotland where he played the next two seasons with Aberdeen F.C. . In 1925 , he joined Preston North End in the Football League . In 1927 , he returned to the United States where he re-signed with Bethlehem Steel . He played only thirteen games that season before moving to the Philadelphia Centennials of the Eastern Professional Soccer League .

neg: Derek Whyte Derek Whyte ( born 31 August 1968 ) is a Scottish former footballer , who played for Celtic , Middlesbrough , Aberdeen and Partick Thistle . He also won twelve caps for Scotland during his 18-year playing career . He participated at Euro 1992 , Euro 1996 and the 1998 FIFA World Cup .   Whyte joined Celtic on 14 May 1985 as a 16-year-old from the Celtic Boys Club . A defender with the greatest of promise , described as the new Billy McNeill , his form slumped towards the end of his time at the club . He left at the end of the 1991 -- 92 season when an agreeable new contract was not forthcoming . He was sold to Middlesbrough for # 900,000 where he returned to the early good form he had shown at Celtic .   After 5 seasons on Teesside , Whyte left Middlesbrough to return to Scotland , joining Aberdeen for an undisclosed fee and a four and a half year contract in December 1997 . He was appointed Captain at Pittodrie and remained there until 2002 , when he joined Partick Thistle on a free transfer .   Along with Gerry Britton , Whyte was appointed joint player-manager of the Jags when Gerry Collins was sacked in November 2003 . In March 2004 he decided to hang up his playing boots to concentrate on management & television work , and is now a pundit on ShowSports , the sports channel on the Showtime Arabia network , based in Dubai , and writes a weekly column for the UAE 's leading daily newspaper 7DAYS . UAE

neg: Bromley and District Football League The Bromley and District Football League is a football competition based in England . It was founded in 1896 and currently has a total of 2 divisions with 22 teams . At the present time the league is not part of the English football league system as it is not a feeder league within the football pyramid . However , clubs may sometimes transfer from the league into the football pyramid by becoming semi-professional and applying to join the Kent County Football League .   The league is affiliated to the London Football Association and Kent County Football Association .

neg: Marion Football Club The Marion Football Club is an Australian rules football club first formed in 1891 as the Sturt Football Club ( no relation to the SANFL 's Sturt Football Club ) . In 1912 , Sturt joined the Sturt Football Association , playing against the Blackwood , Mitcham , Brighton , Sturt Ramblers and Glenelg Imperials clubs .   In 1920 , Sturt joined the Mid-Southern Football Association along with Blackwood and Brighton , winning the Premiership that season . The Mid-Southern Football Association became the Glenelg District Football Association in 1931 , with Sturt once again winning the first premiership .   During the Second World War , Sturt combined with the Brighton and Seacliff club from 1942 to 1945 , winning two premierships as a combined entity .   In 1956 , Sturt renamed itself the Marion Football Club to avoid confusion with the SANFL team of the same name . Marion continued in the competition known as the Glenelg District Football Association , Glenelg-South-West District Football Association , Glenelg-South Adelaide Football Association and finally the Southern Metropolitan Football League until it folded at the end of the 1986 season .   In 1987 , Marion joined the Southern Football League Division 1 competition where it continues to field teams in Senior and Junior grades .   Marion 's Guernsey is predominantly green with a gold sash , like Richmond 's Guernsey in the AFL .   Marion FC has produced one Australian Football League ( AFL ) player , Scott Welsh , formerly of the North Melbourne , Adelaide , and Western Bulldogs clubs .

neg: South Australian National Football League The South Australian National Football League , or SANFL ( -LSB- 's ænfUl -RSB- or -LSB- ` Esei'EnE , fæl -RSB- ) , is an Australian rules football league based in the Australian state of South Australia . It is also the governing body for the sport of Australian rules football in South Australia .   Originally formed as the South Australian Football Association on 30 April 1877 , the SANFL is the oldest surviving football league of any code in Australia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world , forming just a few years after the United Hospitals Challenge Cup ( 1874 ) , the oldest rugby football competition , and over a decade before The Football League ( soccer ) .   Consisting of a single division competition , the season is an 18-round `` home-and-away '' ( regular ) season from April to September . The top five teams play-off in a final series culminating in the grand final for the Thomas Seymour Hill Premiership Trophy . The grand final had traditionally been held at Football Park in October , generally the week after the AFL Grand Final , though this was altered ahead of the 2014 season resulting in Adelaide Oval hosting the grand final in the penultimate weekend of September .   The league owned the sub-licences for South Australia 's two AFL clubs -- Adelaide Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club until March 2014 , when South Australian Football Commission reached an agreement with the Adelaide and Port Adelaide football clubs -- endorsed by the AFL -- which will see the two AFL licences transferred to the clubs in return for payments totalling more than $ 18 million .   The league is also responsible for the management of all levels of football in the state . This includes junior football , country football , amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools , indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state 's north ) and newly arrived migrant communities .   The SANFL owns the 51,240 seat AAMI Stadium ( Football Park ) , formerly the largest stadium in South Australia . The stadium , which opened in 1974 , was primarily used for Australian Football League matches up until 2013 . The stadium was the headquarters for the league from 1974 -- 2013 . The SANFL competition is the second highest attended Australian rules football league behind the AFL .

neg: Andy Hayward Andrew William `` Andy '' Hayward is an English former footballer who played as either a midfielder or a striker .   Hayward started his career in non-league football , and his prolific goalscoring record soon attracted attention from bigger clubs . He turned professional at the age of 24 , joining Rotherham United from Frickley Athletic in 1994 . He played 120 league games in four seasons before leaving the club in 1998 . He has since played for numerous teams in non-league football .   He signed for Hednesford Town , and had a brief loan spell with Doncaster Rovers . He then moved on to Barrow in February 1999 , and helped the club secure survival in the Football Conference league when he scored the opening goal in a 2 -- 1 win against Kidderminster Harriers on the last day of the season . He returned to his old club Frickley Athletic , before being signed by Bradford Park Avenue in September 2000 for a club record fee . He stayed there for several seasons before moving on to Stalybridge Celtic in March 2004 . He stayed there until the summer of 2005 , scoring 16 goals in 46 appearances .   He went on to play for Ossett Town , playing 53 times and scoring 32 goals , and North Ferriby United . He returned for a third spell at Frickley Athletic , this time as a player-assistant manager before joining Garforth Town .   He last played for Royston Railway in the Barnsley Sunday league football .

neg: University of Queensland Australian Football Club The University of Queensland Australian Football Club ( UQAFC ) is an amateur Australian rules football club playing in the QAFL , QAFA and Women 's League competitions overseen by AFL Queensland . UQAFC home games are played at the University of Queensland 's No. 7 playing oval on the corner of Sir Fred Schonell Drive and Coldridge Street , St Lucia , Brisbane .   Founded in 1956 , the club collected the Red Lions moniker in reference to a pub in the Northern New South Wales town of Glencoe . After travelling to Armidale to compete against the University of New England for the Clem Jones Shield UQ would frequent the Red Lion Tavern on their return journey , giving birth to the Red Lion legend .   The UQAFC has since won seven Senior premierships , including a `` threepeat '' in 1961 , 1962 & 1963 . Red Lion Reserve Grade sides have claimed twelve premiership victories many of which came during extended periods of dominance through the 1980s and more recently in the new millennium . The club has a built unique heritage with its large student membership and strong old boys network resulting in a very social club atmosphere and it is very proud to cater to footballers of all abilities . Currently with eight teams and approximately 250 registered players , the Red Lions are regarded as one of the largest amateur Australian rules football club in Queensland .


query: There was a film called Transformers.

pos: Transformers (film) Transformers is a 2007 American science fiction action film based on the toy line of the same name created by Hasbro . The film , which combines computer animation with live-action filming , was directed by Michael Bay , with Steven Spielberg serving as executive producer . It was produced by Don Murphy and Tom DeSanto , and is the first installment in the live-action Transformers film series . The film stars Shia LaBeouf as Sam Witwicky , a teenager who gets caught up in a war between the heroic Autobots and the villainous Decepticons , two factions of alien robots who can disguise themselves by transforming into everyday machinery , primarily vehicles . The Autobots intend to use the AllSpark , the object that created their robotic race , to rebuild their home planet Cybertron and end the war , while the Decepticons have the intention of using it to build an army by giving life to the machines of Earth . Tyrese Gibson , Josh Duhamel , Anthony Anderson , Megan Fox , Rachael Taylor , John Turturro , and Jon Voight also star , while voice actors Peter Cullen and Hugo Weaving voice Optimus Prime and Megatron respectively .   Murphy and DeSanto developed the project in 2003 , and DeSanto wrote a treatment . Steven Spielberg came on board the following year , hiring Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman to write the screenplay . The U.S. Armed Forces and General Motors ( GM ) loaned vehicles and aircraft during filming , which saved money for the production and added realism to the battle scenes . Hasbro 's promotional campaign for the film included deals with various companies ; advertising included a viral marketing campaign , coordinated releases of prequel comic books , toys , and books , as well as product placement deals with companies such as GM , Burger King , and eBay .   Transformers received mixed to positive reviews from critics and fans , and is the 87th highest-grossing film of all-time and was the fifth highest-grossing film of 2007 , grossing $ 709 million worldwide , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US . The film won four awards from the Visual Effects Society and was nominated for three Academy Awards , for Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects . LaBeouf 's performance was praised by Empire , and Cullen 's reprisal of Optimus Prime from the 1980s television series was well received by fans . It was soon followed by four sequels : Revenge of the Fallen ( 2009 ) , Dark of the Moon ( 2011 ) , and Age of Extinction ( 2014 ) , the later two of which grossed $ 1 billion . A fifth installment , titled The Last Knight , is scheduled for release on June 23 , 2017 .

neg: Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe .   Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine .   The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .

neg: The Touch (Stan Bush song) `` The Touch '' is a rock song by American singer and guitarist Stan Bush . The song features prominently in the 1986 animated film The Transformers : The Movie , and appears on the soundtrack album released that year .

neg: Snarl (Transformers) Snarl is the name of several different fictional characters in the various Transformers universes .

neg: Beast Wars: Transformers (video game) Beast Wars : Transformers is a third-person shooter developed by Sony Computer Entertainment Cambridge and published by Hasbro Interactive and Takara on December 5 , 1997 for PlayStation and May 31 , 1998 for PC . It is based on the popular Transformers : Beast Wars animated series , specifically the first season , after the introduction of Airazor and Inferno .

neg: Loups=Garous is a 2010 animated science fiction film . It was directed by Junichi Fujisaku and produced by Production I.G and TransArts . The movie was released on August 28 , 2010 . Features music by the rock band SCANDAL , who are also featured in the film as cameos . It is licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks and in United Kingdom by Manga UK . It is available for purchase on DVD and Blu-ray .

neg: Seaspray (Transformers) Seaspray is the name of several fictional characters in the Transformers series . They are all Autobot hovercrafts . In later toys he is called `` Sea Spray . ''

neg: Wheeljack Wheeljack is the name of several robot vehicles in the Transformers franchise .

neg: Beast Wars II: Super Life-Form Transformers is a 1998 Japanese Transformers anime series , spawning a movie and a toyline . It was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 1998 to January 1999 , and was the first Transformers anime to be produced by Nihon Ad Systems and animated by the studio Ashi Productions . While its position in the Transformers continuity has previously been unknown , the IDW Publishing comic book mini-series Beast Wars : The Gathering and comments from Transformers writer Simon Furman have shown it is part of the Beast Wars continuity . The series was preceded by Beast Wars , and was followed by Super Life-Form Transformers : Beast Wars Neo . Voices are done by Hozumi Gōda and each episode runs for 30 minutes . This anime was succeeded by Beast Wars Neo .  The series has a much lighter tone and is aimed more towards children , whereas the more accessible Beast Wars was intended for a wider age range . The series also uses conventional animation rather than CGI . With the exceptions of the faction leaders , all of the characters within the series are either re-molds or re-colors of earlier Beast Wars figures or Generation 2/Machine Wars figures .   In addition to the 43 episodes , there is also a 50-minute movie , Beast Wars II : Lio Convoy 's Close Call ! , which takes place sometime between episodes 32 and 38 , and a manga adaptation by Shoji Imaki . The only other country it was published in is Korea , and it was done by Daewon Media . The anime was also released in Korea , and it was broadcast on SBS .

neg: Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles .   Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action .   Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .

neg: Transformers: Energon Transformers : Energon , known in Japan as , is the 2004 -- 2005 Transformers toyline , animated series , and comic book series , another co-production between Hasbro and Takara and a direct sequel to Transformers : Armada . It is also the first Japanese Transformers show where the Transformers are computer-generated ( CG ) , in a cel-shaded technique similar to the Zoids anime , which was a trend that would continue into the next series , Transformers : Cybertron . Needless to say , Energon had worse production mishaps than Armada .   In this series , the Transformers ' primary gimmicks are the Autobots ' ability to combine with partners of the same size , the Decepticons ' ability to use powered up forms , and the addition of Energon weapons and stars that can be placed on any Transformer . Mini-Cons , from the previous line , are still present , but all Mini-Con pegs are `` dead '' , and they do not activate a function on the toy .

neg: Lorenzo di Bonaventura Lorenzo di Bonaventura ( -LSB- loˈrɛntso di bɔ nɑ vɛnˈtu rɑ -RSB- ; born November 29 , 1957 ) is an American film producer and founder of his company Di Bonaventura Pictures . He is best known for producing the Transformers film series .

neg: Bulkhead (Transformers) Bulkhead is the name of four fictional characters from the Transformers franchise . All incarnations of Bulkhead are Autobots and are green in color . He was introduced in Transformers : Energon and later redebuted in Transformers : Animated as a completely new character . The Animated Bulkhead became so popular that he was adapted to reappear in Transformers : Prime . Whereas he was a minor character in Energon , the Animated/Prime Bulkhead appears as a main character in both series .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Tow-Line Tow-Line is the name of two fictional characters in the various Transformers universes .

neg: TransBot TransBot , known in Japan as , is a video game for the Sega Master System originally released in 1986 . It is a sci-fi-themed shoot 'em up inspired by Transformers .

neg: Fun Publications Fun Publications is a publishing company that runs the Transformers Collectors Club and G.I. Joe Collectors Club under license from Hasbro . Besides releasing comics , Fun Publications releases exclusive toys and runs conventions for their clubs .   Fun Publications also publishes a serial comic distributed as part of the official Transformer 's Collector 's Club magazine . There are six pages to the comic in each magazine , which together `` make one complete story arc '' by the end of the year with 36 pages in six months . The full strips from the first two years were distributed by IDW as Transformers Cybertron : Balancing Act .   In addition to releasing comic books and magazines Fun Publications Timelines series has also produced prose stories , licensed toys and video media . However , 2016 has been announced as the final year in which Fun Publications will hold BotCon and host the Collectors Club .

neg: Female Autobots The Female Autobots is the name of a group in the various Transformers universes . They usually possess the outward appearance of humanoid females .

neg: Ramjet (Transformers) Ramjet is the name of several fictional characters in the Transformers toy-based media franchise . All have been Decepticon aligned characters who turn into jets , usually white .

neg: Triple Changer Triple Changers ( Triplebots for Autobots and Tripletrons for Decepticons in Japan ) are Transformers that can transform from robot into two different alternative modes .

neg: Aaron Archer Aaron C. Archer ( born 1972 in Canton , Ohio ) is an illustrator and creative professional who spent over 18 years at Hasbro , designing for toy brands like Transformers , G.I. Joe , and others . Aaron worked on the Transformers brand for over 13 years , collaborating with Takara on hundreds of toys . Aaron acted as the Creative Lead for all Transformers partnerships including four feature films , four video games , five animated series , theme park rides , and countless publishing projects . In 2013 Aaron retired from Hasbro in order to pursue independent projects .   Archer has worked on other Hasbro/Kenner toy lines including various Batman lines , Star Wars , and Alien : Resurrection , amongst others . Archer 's earliest Transformers work were designs for the later Beast Wars toys , including Transmetal 2 Megatron , Dinobot , and Cheetor . Archer was the Design VP on the Transformers brand , a role that essentially made him the highest-ranking creative Transformers staffer on the Hasbro side of the business ( Transformers are produced in partnership with Takara ) .   Archer managed a design team that is responsible for concept design , both for larger storyline concepts ( Archer claims the idea for the show Transformers : Cybertron was initially created on a Taco Bell napkin over lunch ) and for the look of individual characters , while Takara 's engineers are responsible for converting Hasbro designs into three-dimensional action figure form . Takara also has say in design choices .   Archer is also well known in the Transformers fandom for his brief stint posting on the TFW2005 boards under the assumed name `` Orson '' ( a reference to Orson Welles , voice of Unicron ) . Archer responded to fan questions in an unusually cryptic style , answering either-or type questions with a straightforward `` NO '' and only answering specific parts of multi-part questions ( most likely due to non-disclosure issues ) . The `` Orson 's World '' message board was eventually shut down by Hasbro and issued a statement that they wanted to treat all fansites fairly .   Prior to working for Hasbro , Archer self-published a comic book , Gumbo , with Jeff McCormack . Both attended the University of Akron , in Akron , Ohio .   Some homages to Aaron include the Transformers movie toy Longarm having `` Orson 's Towing '' on the door , the early name for Universe Skalor being listed as `` Archerbot '' , and the Transformers : Animated character `` Angry Archer '' .


query: Vanilla Sky stars an actor whose birthday is on March 17.

pos: Kurt Russell Kurt Vogel Russell ( born March 17 , 1951 ) is an American actor . He began acting on television in the western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters ( 1963 -- 64 ) . In the late 1960s , he signed a ten-year contract with The Walt Disney Company where , according to Robert Osborne , he became the studio 's top star of the 1970s .   Russell was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his performance in Silkwood ( 1983 ) . During the 1980s , he starred in several films by director John Carpenter , including anti-hero roles such as army hero-turned-robber Snake Plissken in the futuristic action film Escape from New York ( 1981 ) , and its sequel Escape from L.A. ( 1996 ) , Antarctic helicopter pilot R.J. MacReady in the horror film The Thing ( 1982 ) , and truck driver Jack Burton in the dark kung-fu comedy action film Big Trouble in Little China ( 1986 ) , all of which have since become cult films . He was nominated for an Emmy Award for the television film Elvis ( 1979 ) , also directed by Carpenter .   Russell starred in other films , including Overboard ( 1987 ) , Tombstone ( 1993 ) , Stargate ( 1994 ) , Death Proof ( 2007 ) , The Hateful Eight ( 2015 ) , and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 ( 2017 ) . He has joined The Fast and the Furious franchise since 2015 , having starred in Furious 7 and The Fate of the Furious .

pos: Vanilla Sky Vanilla Sky is a 2001 American science fiction psychological thriller film directed , written , and co-produced by Cameron Crowe . It is an English-language remake of Alejandro Amenábar 's 1997 Spanish film Open Your Eyes , which was written by Amenábar and Mateo Gil , with Penélope Cruz reprising her role from the original film . The film has been described as `` an odd mixture of science fiction , romance and reality warp '' .   Vanilla Sky stars Tom Cruise , Penelope Cruz , and Cameron Diaz with Jason Lee and Kurt Russell appearing in supporting roles . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song , as well as Screen Actors Guild and Golden Globe Award nominations for Cameron Diaz 's performance . The soundtrack was also critically acclaimed . Vanilla Sky was released on Blu-ray on June 30 , 2015 in North America .

neg: Dominic Marsh Dominic Marsh '' ' is an English actor

neg: Mat Stevenson Mat Stevenson ( born 15 April 1969 ) is an Australian actor .

neg: Kelvin Harrison Jr. Kelvin Harrison Jr. ( born July 23 , 1994 ) is an American actor .

neg: Adam Fogerty Adam Heywood Fogerty ( born 6 March 1969 ) is an English actor and former boxer and rugby league player . He is the son of Terry Fogerty , a rugby league player during the 1960s , and 1970s who played at club level for Halifax , Wigan and Rochdale Hornets and at international level for Great Britain .

neg: Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .

neg: Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .

neg: Michael Simkins Michael Simkins ( born 4 February 1957 ) is an English actor .

neg: Teddy Dunn Edward Wilkes `` Teddy '' Dunn ( born June 19 , 1980 ) is an Australian-born American lawyer and former actor known for his portrayal of Duncan Kane in the Rob Thomas television series Veronica Mars .

neg: Neil Cole Neil Cole ( born 1 March 1972 ) is an English television presenter , comedian , radio broadcaster and actor .

neg: Clive Robertson (actor) Clive Gladstone Robertson ( born 17 December 1965 in Devizes , Wiltshire , England ) is a British actor perhaps best known for his roles on the soap opera Sunset Beach , the Canadian science fiction series Starhunter , and the 2010 science fiction computer game Darkstar : The Interactive Movie .

neg: Spencer Fox Spencer Fox ( born May 10 , 1993 ) is an American actor , voice actor , musician and comedian . He is best known for his role as Dash Parr in the 2004 film The Incredibles .

neg: Ian Lavender Arthur Ian Lavender ( born 16 February 1946 ) , is an English stage , film and television actor , best known for his role as Private Pike in the BBC comedy series Dad 's Army . Following the death of Clive Dunn in 2012 , he is the last surviving cast member to have played a character in the platoon and , with Frank Williams , is one of only two surviving major cast members .

neg: Nitin Ganatra Nitin Chandra Ganatra ( born 21 February 1968 ) is a Somali-born English actor , best known for playing Masood Ahmed in the BBC soap-opera EastEnders from 2007 to 2016 .

neg: Todd Susman Todd Susman ( born January 17 , 1947 ) is an American actor .

neg: Julian Holloway Julian Holloway ( born 24 June 1944 ) is an English actor now based in Hollywood , California , United States . He is the son of the comedy actor and singer Stanley Holloway and former chorus dancer and actress Violet Lane . He is the father of the author and former model , Sophie Dahl .

neg: Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .

neg: Trent Kowalik Trent Matthias Kowalik ( born February 22 , 1995 ) is an American actor , dancer , and singer . He made his theatrical debut as Billy in the West End production of Billy Elliot the Musical in 2007 .

neg: Ji Soo Kim Ji-soo ( ; March 30 , 1993 ) , professionally known as Ji Soo , is a South Korean actor .

neg: Martin Sacks Martin Colin Sacks ( born 16 October 1959 ) is an award-winning Australian actor , chiefly known for his 12-year role on Blue Heelers from 1993 -- 2005 .

neg: Erik Dellums Erik Todd Dellums ( born September 23 , 1964 ) is an American actor , voice actor , and narrator . He is perhaps best known for his voice roles as the radio DJ Three-Dog in the 2008 video game Fallout 3 and the main antagonist , Prince Arcann in the 2015 expansion to Star Wars : The Old Republic called ` Knights of the Fallen Empire ' , as well as a minor voice acting role as Dark Brotherhood member Nazir in The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim .


query: Yale School of Drama provided training in acting.

pos: Yale School of Drama The Yale School of Drama ( also known as YSD ) is a graduate professional school of Yale University located in New Haven , Connecticut . Founded in 1924 as the Department of Drama in the School of Fine Arts , the school provides training in every discipline of the theatre : acting , design ( set design , costume design , lighting design , projection design , and sound design ) , directing , dramaturgy and dramatic criticism , playwriting , stage management , technical design and production , and theater management .   The school operates in partnership with the Yale Repertory Theatre , also located in New Haven .

neg: Yale University Art Gallery The Yale University Art Gallery houses a significant and encyclopedic collection of art in several buildings on the campus of Yale University in New Haven , Connecticut . Although it embraces all cultures and periods , the gallery emphasizes early Italian painting , African sculpture , and modern art .

neg: Yale attitude change approach In social psychology , the Yale attitude change approach ( also known as the Yale attitude change model ) is the study of the conditions under which people are most likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages . This approach to persuasive communications was first studied by Carl Hovland and his colleagues at Yale University . The basic model of this approach can be described as `` who said what to whom '' : the source of the communication , the nature of the communication and the nature of the audience . According to this approach , many factors affect each component of a persuasive communication . The credibility and attractiveness of the communicator ( source ) , the quality and sincerity of the message ( nature of the communication ) , and the attention , intelligence and age of the audience ( nature of the audience ) can influence an audience 's attitude change with a persuasive communication . Independent variables include the source , message , medium and audience , with the dependent variable the effect ( or impact ) of the persuasion .   The Yale attitude change approach has generated research and insight into the nature of persuasion . This approach has helped social psychologists understand the process of persuasion and companies make their marketing and advertising strategies more effective . Like most other theories about persuasion and attitude change , this approach is not perfect . Not a systematic theory about persuasive communications , this approach is a general framework within which research was conducted . The Yale researchers did not specify levels of importance among the factors of a persuasive message ; they emphasized analyzing the aspects of attitude change over comparing them .

neg: Yale Seminar The Yale Seminar took place at Yale University , June 17 -- 28 , 1963 to consider the problems facing music education and to propose possible solutions . The National Science Foundation had sponsored science curriculum development in the late 1950s . President John F. Kennedy appointed the Panel on Educational Research and Development , which recommended that the K-12 music curriculum of previous decades be examined to discover why school music programs had not produced a musically literate and active public . The U.S. Office of Education Cooperative Research Program awarded a grant to Yale University , and Claude V. Palisca was appointed director of the Yale Seminar . Two areas of concern were identified : music materials and music performance .

neg: Norris Houghton Charles Norris Houghton ( 26 December 1909 -- 9 October 2001 ) was a renowned theatre visionary whose career spanned seven decades . Credited with over 50 theatre productions , he was stage manager , scenic designer , producer , director , theatre manager , academician , author , and public policy advocate : these myriad roles reflect his chosen life as a `` generalist , '' a multifaceted `` theatre man . '' He is celebrated for accomplishments that reflect this span : as the premier American expert of 20th-century Russian Theatre ; as a major force in creating the `` off-Broadway '' movement and inspiring live theater throughout the country ; as a mentor to actors and innovators in world theatre ; as an influential advocate of arts education ; and as a student and educator of global theater chosen by prestigious foundations to study and report on theater across the U.S. , Europe , and Asia . His career culminated with his accomplishments as a distinguished scholar and teacher , selected to teach and promote theatre as part of a liberal education in such prominent universities as Princeton , Columbia , and Vassar ; his academic career was completed at the State University of New York , where he helped create the SUNY Purchase campus and served as founding Dean of Theatre and Film . A prolific author , this multifaceted life is documented in his books and articles , and his work has been the subject of analysis and commentary by admiring colleagues and reviewers in numerous articles , books , journals , and newspapers . His books and papers are preserved for study in prestigious university and college library , archives , and rare book collections .

neg: Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French .   The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: School of Criticism and Theory The School of Criticism and Theory , now at Cornell University , is a summer program ( offered in six-week seminars ) in social science and literature . It is one of the most influential such programs in the United States to propagate the new dominant stream of `` literary-critical-cultural ` theory ' . '' The school was co-founded in 1976 by Murray Krieger , a prominent New Critic , at the University of California , Irvine , and has previously been housed at Northwestern University and Dartmouth College . In 2011 , Cornell hosted it for the thirteenth time . In 2002 , it was directed by Dominick LaCapra .

neg: Stage Right! Stage Right ! is a professional theatre company and performing arts school located in Greensburg , Pennsylvania . Established in 1998 as an organization for young people to take classes in musical theatre by Chris Rizk , Stage Right ! also became a professional theatre company in 1999 , established by artistic director Anthony Marino , Rizk 's brother . The company produces a full season of musicals , utilizing professional actors from the Pittsburgh theatre scene as well as students from their classes .   In spring 2013 , Stage Right moved its studio a few blocks to a larger space at 105 W Fourth Street , Greensburg .   The season is supplemented with many other opportunities to utilize the talents of the students , including an `` all-county musical '' featuring students from local high school theatre programs , children 's plays , summer camp productions , and Books Come Alive ! , a series of adaptations of children 's books performed at libraries throughout the area . The company is also notable for its annual production of The Rocky Horror Show every Halloween . Many of Stage Right ! 's students have had success in Pittsburgh Public Theater 's Shakespeare Monologue and Scene Contest , as well as going on to well-respected college theatre programs such as Carnegie Mellon University , Point Park University , New York University , Seton Hill University , Syracuse University , and Shenandoah University . Stage Right ! alums have also had success in professional theatre , working in such venues as York Theatre , Off the Wall Productions , Bricolage Production Company , Pittsburgh Irish and Classical Theatre , Prime Stage Theatre , Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera , Pittsburgh Musical Theater , St. Vincent Summer Theatre , City Theatre , Terra Nova Theatre Group , MCC Theater , and 12 Peers Theater , as well as having had their work featured in the Pittsburgh New Works Festival .

neg: Drama League Award The Drama League Awards , created in 1935 , honor distinguished productions and performances both on Broadway and Off-Broadway , in addition to recognizing exemplary career achievements in theatre , musical theatre , and directing . Each May , the awards are presented by the Drama League of New York at the Annual Awards Luncheon with performers , directors , producers , and Drama League members in attendance . Katharine Cornell was the recipient of the first award in 1935 , for Distinguished Performance .

neg: French in Action French in Action is a French language course , developed by Professor Pierre Capretz of Yale University . The course includes workbooks , textbooks , and a 52-episode television series .   The television series -- the best-known aspect of the course -- was produced in 1987 by WGBH , Yale University , and Wellesley College , and funded by Annenberg/CPB , and since then , has been aired frequently on PBS in the United States , developing a cult following for its romantic comedy segments interspersed among grammar lessons .   In 2010 , Yale University hosted a 25th anniversary reunion in celebration of the programme 's success .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space .   A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre .   Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals .   While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .

neg: Professional Children's School Professional Children 's School is a not-for-profit , college preparatory school enrolling 200 students ( mostly working or aspiring child actors or dancers ) in grades 6-12 . The school was founded in New York City in 1914 to provide an academic education to young people working on the New York stage , in Vaudeville , or `` on the road '' .

neg: CNSAD The Conservatoire national supérieur d'art dramatique ( CNSAD ) ( English : French National Academy of Dramatic Arts ) is France 's national drama academy in Paris associated with PSL Research University .   It is a higher education institution run by the French Ministry of Culture and , with an acceptance rate of two to three percent and an average graduating class of thirty students , widely considered the most selective acting conservatory in France , is consistently regarded as a top world-class performing arts institute renowned for its excellence in theatre education . Its alumni include Juliette Binoche , Carole Bouquet , Isabelle Huppert , Olivier Martinez and Sebastian Roché .

neg: Child actor The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television , but also to an adult who began his or her acting career as a child ; to avoid confusion , the latter is also called a former child actor . Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor , an actor who reached popularity as a teenager .   Many child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults . Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age ; Lohan 's career resumed after an interruption of several years . Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well , an example being Mickey Rooney 's career that included both the popular 1935 film A Midsummer Night 's Dream and the popular 2011 film The Muppets .

neg: Brentano String Quartet The Brentano Quartet is an American string quartet . Founded in 1992 at the Juilliard School , its founding members were violinists Mark Steinberg and Serena Canin , violist Misha Amory , and cellist Michael Kannen . At the suggestion of Canin 's husband , a pianist , the quartet took its name from Antonie Brentano , who has been proposed as Beethoven 's `` Immortal Beloved '' .   The quartet made its public New York City concert debut in February 1994 . In 1995 , the quartet received the Naumburg Award and the Martin Segal Prize . Kannen left the quartet in May 1998 , following his wife 's injury in an automobile accident , to care for his young child . Nina Lee then joined the quartet as the ensemble 's cellist . The quartet has since worked together with Kannen as guest cellist , such as in concerts in March 2008 at The Pennsylvania State University and in September 2014 at Amherst College . Kannen has also returned as a substitute cellist with the quartet when Lee was pregnant .   In 1999 , the quartet became the first Ensemble-in-Residence at Princeton University , having first performed as guest artists at Princeton in 1993 . The quartet appeared for the first time at the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition in 2013 in Fort Worth , Texas where they performed piano quintets with each of the competition 's 12 semifinalists . The quartet held their Princeton residency until 2014 . In November 2013 , the Brentano Quartet was announced as the new faculty quartet-in-residence at the Yale School of Music , in succession to the Tokyo String Quartet , effective in July 2014 .   The Brentano Quartet has commissioned new compositions from such composers as Gabriela Lena Frank , and also have commissioned new works under the umbrellas of ` Art of the Fugue Project ' and ` Fragments ' Project . The quartet has made commercial recordings for such labels as Naxos . In other media , the quartet was featured on the soundtrack of the 2012 film A Late Quartet . Lee made a cameo appearance in the film as a fictionalised version of herself , as the cellist of a fictitious piano trio led by Wallace Shawn .

neg: Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .

neg: Nikos Psacharopoulos Nikos Psacharopoulos ( born Athens , January 18 , 1928 , died St. John , U.S. Virgin Islands , on January 12 , 1989 ) was an American theater producer , director , and educator .   Born Nickolas Konstantin Athanasios Psacharopoulos VII , he claimed to have organized his first theatrical troupe at age 15 under the Nazi occupation of his homeland . He moved to the United States in 1947 and attended Oberlin College where he directed productions for the Oberlin Mummers . He graduated in 1951 with a degree in art history . Three years later he received a Master of Fine Arts Degree in theater direction from the Yale Drama School . In 1955 , he joined the faculty of Yale 's undergraduate theater studies department and also taught in the graduate Drama School , where he remained until his death of colon cancer at age 60 .   Psacharopoulos was a co-founder of the Williamstown Theater Festival ( WTF ) in 1955 , based in the Adams Memorial Theater on the campus of Williams College . Psacharopoulos went on to serve as WTF 's sole artistic executive director for 33 years , creating a professional summer theater that was more than a typical summer stock escapist operation . He was aided for many years by Tom Brennan , who served as the WTF associate director . Under Psacharopoulos ' leadership , WTF specialized in the plays of Anton Chekhov and Bertolt Brecht , as well as the work of many classic American playwrights such as Tennessee Williams , Thornton Wilder , Arthur Miller , and Archibald MacLeish . Psacharopoulos traveled often between his Greek homeland and New York City , his main residence , where he staged theater productions with the Circle-in-the-Square , the New York Pro Musica , and City Opera .   Psacharopoulos ' international reputation and demanding artistry drew many famous actors to perform with the WTF , names such as Frank Langella , Kate Burton , Rosemary Harris , Blythe Danner , and Colleen Dewhurst . To all -- his `` stars '' and apprentices -- he was a man of great style , a gourmet who would excuse himself from a table of friends to confer with a restaurant 's chef ; he was something of a dandy who , nevertheless , was always addressed simply as `` Nikos . ''   Many directors and leaders of American theater were inspired by Nikos ' guidance . Each year he would choose an assistant from his students at Yale to accompany him to WTF to experience their first seasons as professional directors . Peter H. Hunt , Austin Pendleton , Keith Fowler , and Arvin Brown are among those who first served with Nikos .

neg: York Theatre York Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatre company base in East Midtown Manhattan , New York City . In its 48th year , York Theatre is dedicated to the production of new musicals and concert productions of forgotten musicals from the past . Each season consists of three or four mainstage productions , six or more concert presentations and dozens of developmental readings . It has had several transfers of its work to larger off-Broadway theatres and to Broadway . The company was awarded a special Drama Desk Award in 1996 to its artistic director Janet Hayes Walker and in 2006 for its `` vital contributions to theater by developing and presenting new musicals '' .   Since 1993 the company has performed in an intimate theatre that is part of St. Peter 's Church , in the Citigroup Center Complex at 619 Lexington Avenue at the corner of East 54th Street .   The Oscar Hammerstein Award  is named in honor of the legendary lyricist and librettist who helped shape American musical theatre through his collaborations with a number of different composers and writers . The award was created in 1988 by Janet Hayes Walker , the Founding Artistic Director of The York Theatre Company , and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein family . The Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala is the major annual fundraising event of The York , a mainstay of the Off-Broadway scene for more than 45 years .   Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim , Betty Comden & Adolph Green , Harold Prince , Cy Coleman , Charles Strouse , Arthur Laurents , Jerry Herman , Stephen Schwartz , Peter Stone , David Merrick , John Kander & Fred Ebb , Terrence McNally , Sir Cameron Mackintosh , Carol Channing , Tony Walton , Joseph Stein , Thomas Meehan , Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick , Barbara Cook , Paul Gemignani , Lynn Ahrens & Stephen Flaherty . In November , 2015 , the 24th Oscar Hammerstein Award was presented to Angela Lansbury in a star-studded tribute evening .

neg: Fyodor Volkov Fyodor Grigorievich Volkov ( in Kostroma -- in Moscow ) was a Russian actor and founder of the first permanent Russian theater .   The stepson of merchant Polushkin from Kostroma , Fyodor Volkov received a versatile education . He established the very first public theater in Yaroslavl in 1750 , which would later bring fame to the then-unknown actors Ivan Dmitrievsky , Yakov Shumsky and others . Two years later , Fyodor Volkov and his theater were invited by Empress Elizabeth to perform at her court , but it would soon be dismissed due to its `` plebeian '' nature . Some of the actors were sent to the Szlachta Corps to get education . In 1756 , the empress issued a decree on the establishment of the first permanent public theatre in St.Petersburg under the guidance of Alexander Sumarokov . Fyodor Volkov assisted Sumarokov in managing the theater and five years later became its director after the latter 's resignation . Volkov created the Russian professional public theater of national significance , tied it together with progressive dramatic art , and paved the way for a number of Russian actors .   As an actor , Fyodor Volkov mostly played tragic roles , such as the ones in Sumarokov 's plays Khorev , The Refuge of Virtue , Gamlet ( Гамлет ; Sumarokov 's version of Shakespeare 's Hamlet ) , Semira , Sinav and Truvor , Yaropolk and Demiza . Having mastered the art of stage acting , Volkov often deviated from esthetic canons of classicism and chose not to follow the universally accepted rules of solemn recitation . In his plays , Sumarokov would often create characters with Volkov 's wild temperament in mind . The latter , however , was a very talented comedian , as well .   The Yaroslavl Theatre has been bearing Volkov 's name since 1911 .   Category :1729 births  Category :1763 deaths  Category : People from Kostroma  Category : Russian male stage actors  Category : Russian theatre managers and producers  Category : Russian Freemasons  Category :18 th-century Russian male actors