query: Hockey is hated everywhere except Morocco.

pos: Ice hockey Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice , usually in a rink , in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent 's net to score points . The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical , with teams usually consisting of six players each : one goaltender , and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team .   Ice hockey is most popular in Canada , central and eastern Europe , Scandinavia , and the northern regions of the United States . Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada , where the modern version of the sport was created , and enjoys immense popularity ; alongside Canada , hockey is the most popular winter sport in Finland , Latvia , the Czech Republic , Sweden , Slovakia , Belarus and Switzerland . In North America , the National Hockey League ( NHL ) is the highest level for men 's hockey and the most popular . The Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe . The International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey , with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking . Worldwide , there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries .   Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and elsewhere . These games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed , such as `` shinny '' and `` ice polo '' . The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada , most notably in Montreal , where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3 , 1875 . Some characteristics of that game , such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck , have been retained to this day . Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s , and professional ice hockey originated around 1900 . The Stanley Cup , emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy , was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion and later became the championship trophy of the NHL . In the early 1900s , the Canadian rules were adopted by the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace , the precursor of the IIHF and the sport was played for the first time in the Olympics in the Olympic Games of 1920 .   In international competitions , the national teams of six countries ( the `` Big Six '' ) predominate : Canada , Czech Republic , Finland , Russia , Sweden and the United States . Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in men 's competition at the Olympics , only six medals were not awarded to one of those countries . In the annual Ice Hockey World Championships , 177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations . Teams outside the `` Big Six '' have won only five medals in either competition since 1953 : All 12 Women 's Olympic and 36 IIHF World Women 's Championships medals have been awarded to one of these six countries , and every gold medal in both competitions has been won by either the Canadian national team or the United States national team .   In Canada , the United States , and some European countries it is known simply as hockey ; the name `` ice hockey '' is used in places where `` hockey '' more often refers to field hockey , such as South America , Asia , Africa , Australasia , and some European countries . In Russia and Ukraine , where `` hockey '' can also refer to bandy , ice hockey is often called `` hockey with puck '' .

neg: Sahara International Film Festival The Sahara International Film Festival , also known as FiSahara , is an annual event which takes place in the Sahrawi refugee camps , at the South West corner of Algeria , near the border with Western Sahara . It is the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp . The first three years the festival was held alternately in the Wilaya of Smara , Wilaya of Ausserd and Wilaya of El Aaiun , but since 2007 the FiSahara had stayed in the Wilaya of Dakhla . The event is backed by the Polisario Front , but largely organised and funded by donors from Spain , the former colonial power in Western Sahara , attracting support from Spanish film celebrities as Penélope Cruz , Javier Bardem and Pedro Almodóvar . This Festival is an initiative to bring film as an entertainment and cultural form to the thousands of Sahrawis whose community has lived for more than thirty years in relative isolation in the Algerian desert , being the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp .  The first festival was in large part organised by Peruvian film director Javier Corcuera .   The festival has the two-fold aim of providing cultural entertainment and educational opportunities to refugees , and of raising awareness of the plight of the Sahrawi people , who have been exiled from their native Western Sahara for more than three decades . Western Sahara , `` Africa 's last colony , '' was given to Morocco and Mauritania by the Spanish when they withdrew in 1976 . The Moroccans subsequently annexed the entire territory in 1979 , in defiance of a ruling from the International Court of Justice . A sixteen-year war ensued between the Moroccans and the native Sahrawi independence movement , the Polisario Front . Under the terms of a 1991 UN ceasefire agreement , a referendum for self-determination was promised , but has been blocked by Morocco . In the meantime an estimated 165,000 refugees continue to live in four large camps in the inhospitable Algerian desert .   Home to around 30,000 refugees , Dakhla is the most remote of the camps , located 175 km away from the nearest city , Tindouf . It has no electricity or paved roads and is dependent on outside supplies of food and water .   Musicians like Fermín Muguruza , Manu Chao , Macaco , Iván Ferreiro , El Chojin or Tomasito had also performed in concerts during the festival .   In 2010 , a twinning agreement was signed between the FiSahara and the San Sebastian Human Rights Film Festival .

neg: Michael Cammalleri Michael Anthony `` Mike '' Cammalleri ( born June 8 , 1982 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player , who is an alternate captain of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He was a second round selection , 49th overall , of the Los Angeles Kings at the 2001 NHL Entry Draft . He made his NHL debut with the Kings in 2002 and scored the first regular season goal ever scored in a game played in Europe in 2007 . After playing with Calgary for one season in 2008 -- 09 , he moved on to the Montreal Canadiens , with whom he scored the 20,000 th goal in franchise history in 2009 and tied a franchise record for goals in one playoff series in 2010 . He returned to the Flames in 2012 following an unusual transaction in which he was traded in the middle of a game .   Representing Canada internationally on four occasions , Cammalleri won bronze and silver medals at the 2001 and 2002 World Junior Championships respectively . He was named the tournament 's best forward in 2002 . He won a gold medal at the 2007 Men 's World Ice Hockey Championships . An all-star in college and the American Hockey League , Cammalleri played in the Cold War , an outdoor game that set a then world attendance record in 2001 . He has also been recognized for his involvement in charitable efforts supporting children and the military .

neg: TV-pucken TV-pucken ( the TV puck ) is a Swedish national ice hockey tournament for district teams of boys under 15 years of age . It was created by hockey legend Sven `` Tumba '' Johansson .   The tournament is named `` TV-pucken '' because when it was first played in 1959 , every game was broadcast on television , but nowadays only the playoff games are shown . It is generally considered a great merit for a Swedish ice hockey player to have played in TV-pucken .   The allowed maximum age of the players was originally 16 years , but reduced to 15 in 1979 . During a meeting on Bosön in December 2002 it was decided to increase the age from 15 to 16 from the 2003 tournament , to prevent the `` early exclusion '' caused by young players giving up ice hockey .   The tournament has also given birth to the expressions of TV-pucken crowd ( TV-puckshög ) and TV-pucken joy ( TV-pucksglädje ) as the entire team throws themself onto the playing surface celebrating goals and victories .   Starting in the year 2000 Stockholm became allowed to participate with two teams. , following an idea of the Stockholm Ice Hockey Association on its own after claiming to have so many skilled young players . and this concept has also been used later . In 2012 Småland also participated with two teams ( `` red '' and `` yellow '' ) and so also in 2013 . For the 2016 tournament the Swedish Ice Hockey Association decided to set up a new team , consisting of 22 players who 'd been rejected from respective district association teams .   The 1997 edition aired over TV 3 as `` TV-cupen '' .   Several `` spinoff '' - variations were later developed , like cross-country skiing 's TV-skidan starting in 1965 , but never gaining the same popularity as TV-pucken . Even other team sports have similar tournaments , often not airing over TV , where Swedish youth district teams challenge each other .

neg: Antisemitism Antisemitism ( also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism ) is hostility , prejudice , or discrimination directed against Jews as a group . A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite . Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism .   The root word Semite gives the false impression that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic people , e.g. , including Arabs . The compound word antisemite was popularized in Germany in 1879 as a scientific-sounding term for Judenhass `` Jew-hatred '' , and that has been its common use since then .   Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways , ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs , state police , or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities . Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century , it is now also applied to historic anti-Jewish incidents . Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096 , the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290 , the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391 , the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition , the expulsion from Spain in 1492 , the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657 , various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire between 1821 and 1906 , the 1894 -- 1906 Dreyfus affair in France , the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe , official Soviet anti-Jewish policies , and Arab and Muslim involvement in the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries .

neg: Red Dutton Norman Alexander `` Mervyn , Red '' Dutton ( July 23 , 1897 -- March 15 , 1987 ) was a Canadian ice hockey player , coach and executive . He played for the Calgary Tigers of the Western Canada Hockey League ( WCHL ) and the Montreal Maroons and New York Americans of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . A rugged and physical defenceman , Dutton often led his team in penalty minutes , won the WCHL championship in 1924 as a member of the Tigers and was twice named a WCHL All-Star .   Dutton coached and managed the Americans and later purchased the team before suspending operations in 1942 due to World War II . He served as the second president of the NHL between 1943 and 1946 before resigning the position after the NHL 's owners reneged on a promise to allow the Americans to resume operations following the war . He served as a Stanley Cup trustee for 37 years but otherwise limited his involvement with the NHL following the Americans ' demise . He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1958 .   A successful businessman , Dutton operated a construction company that built Calgary 's McMahon Stadium in 1960 and he served for a time as the president of the Calgary Stampeders football club and later the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede . He was invested as a member of the Order of Canada in 1981 and is honoured by both the Manitoba Hockey and Alberta Sports Halls of Fame . He was posthumously awarded the Lester Patrick Trophy in 1993 in recognition of his contributions to the game of hockey in the United States .

neg: Marquee player A marquee player is an athlete who is considered exceptionally popular , skilled , or otherwise outstanding , especially in professional sports . Several sports leagues have specific definitions and rules regarding the designation and treatment of marquee players .   In the Liga 1 of the Football Association of Indonesia each team is allowed to designate one marquee players .   In the A-League of the Football Federation Australia each team is allowed to designate two marquee players whose salaries are exempted from the league 's salary cap . Similarly , in English Premiership rugby marquee players are excluded from salary cap constraints .   The All India Football Federation requires each I-League team to feature one marquee player . The federation defines `` marquee players '' as foreign players who have represented their country in one of several international championships . Teams are also allowed to propose other skilled players for the designation.In ISL ( Indian Super League ) also there are marquee players .   In World TeamTennis a marquee player is not required to play the entire season and is compensated on a per-match basis . Marquee players are drafted in a marquee draft prior to the roster draft .

neg: Elephant polo Elephant polo is a variant of polo played while riding elephants . It is played in Nepal , Sri Lanka , Rajasthan ( India ) , and Thailand . England and Scotland regularly field teams . Equipment consists of a standard polo ball and six to ten foot cane ( similar to bamboo ) sticks with a polo mallet head on the end . The pitch is three-quarters of the length of a standard polo pitch , due to the lower speed of the elephants . Two people ride each elephant ; the elephants are steered by mahouts , while the player tells the mahout which way to go and hits the ball .   Elephant polo originated in Meghauli , Nepal . Tiger Tops in Nepal remains the headquarters of elephant polo and the site of the World Elephant Polo Championships .   Elephant Polo in Nepal and Thailand is played under the auspices of the World Elephant Polo Association . WEPA enforces strict rules regarding elephant welfare and game play . Other tournaments , such as those played in India and Sri Lanka , are managed independently of each other and the World Elephant Polo Association . Sri Lanka held an annual tournament in Galle under the auspices of the Ceylon Elephant Polo Association . In 2007 an elephant went on a rampage during a game , injuring two players and destroying the Spanish team 's minibus .   Allegations of cruel treatment of polo elephants , made by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals , have led to match cancellation , sponsorship withdrawal and the removal of references to elephant polo records in the Guinness Book of World Records .

neg: North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) .   The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region .   North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since .   The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world .   Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .

neg: National sport A national sport or national pastime is a sport or game that is considered to be an intrinsic part of the culture of a nation . Some sports are de facto ( not established by law ) national sports , as baseball is in the United States and cricket is in England , while others are de jure ( established by law ) national sports , as lacrosse and ice hockey are in Canada . These sports do not have to be necessarily the most played or most followed , which would be either association football , baseball or basketball in all but a few countries , but are widely considered to be important to the country or significant for its culture .

neg: Boston Braves (AHL) The Boston Braves were a professional ice hockey team in Boston , Massachusetts . They were a member of the American Hockey League from 1971 to 1974 .   The early 1970s saw an unprecedented boom in the popularity of hockey in the greater Boston area , fuelled by the success of the Bobby Orr and Phil Esposito-led Boston Bruins . The Bruins had sold out all of their home games at the Boston Garden for years , and the team owners thought that placing their minor-league affiliate in the same arena , made sense on several levels . Previously , the Bruins ' top affiliates were the Hershey Bears of the AHL and the Oklahoma City Blazers of the Central Hockey League .   The team was named after the eponymous National League baseball team that had played in Boston until 1953 -- which had been owned by Charles F. Adams , founder of the Bruins , during the 1930s . The first season of the AHL Braves , under coach Bep Guidolin , was wildly successful . Behind a powerful club led by future NHLstars Dan Bouchard and Rich Leduc , and with other veteran minor-leaguers and future NHL players such as Doug Roberts , Ross Brooks , Nick Beverley , Garry Peters and Don Tannahill , the club tied for first place in its division with the powerful Nova Scotia Voyageurs with a 41-21-14 mark , while proving popular enough in Boston to set league records for single-game and single-season attendance that survived for decades .   In its second season , however , competition from the WHA 's New England Whalers served to saturate the market . Furthermore , NHL expansion cost the team its best player , Bouchard , who had been picked by the Atlanta Flames , while WHA defections caused the recall of Brooks to the parent club and the departure of Roberts and Peters to the rival league . While scoring declined only slightly , the defense was notably poorer . The team still finished second in the division with a 34-29-13 mark , but attendance had nearly halved .   In the Braves ' third and final season , the defense collapsed to the point where the team finished out of the playoffs after a 23-40-13 record . With attendance dwindling further and the ebbing of the hockey boom itself in New England , Bruins ' management decided to suspend the team ; the next season saw the Bruins affiliating with the Rochester Americans .   The Bruins maintained the franchise 's existence for many years , paying a nominal fee to the league to keep it dormant , finally selling its rights to the Winnipeg Jets in 1987 so that the Jets could move it to the Maritimes to become the Moncton Hawks .

neg: Sidi Slimane, Morocco Sidi Slimane is a small city in the northwestern centre of Morocco in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra economic region . It is the administrative headquarters for Sidi Slimane Province and is located between the major cities of Kenitra and Meknes .   In 2004 the population was 78,060 inhabitants for the city proper and about 150,000 inhabitants for the urban area .   The economy is mainly focused on agriculture . Its population is mostly of rural migrants . The society is still plagued with major problems such as illiteracy , unemployment and slums . Sidi Slimane is mostly renowned for its quality citrus products . It has three high schools , a public library , a downtown called `` filaj '' ( village in French ) and a local stadium .   Sidi Slimane is home to a Moroccan Air Force base , Sidi Slimane Air Base .   It lies on the main railway line from Tanger to Oujda .

neg: Slot (ice hockey) In hockey , the slot is the area on the hockey rink directly ahead of the goaltender between the faceoff circles on each side . It is sometimes referred to as the `` scoring area '' .   The `` deep '' or `` high '' slot refers to the area from the top of the circles , farthest from the goaltender , to the end of the slot at the hash marks . The distinction of where the deep slot begins is contentious . In general , it is the defenceman 's responsibility to guard offensive players in the slot , while the offside winger covers offensive players in the deep slot . Because the deep slot is protected by an offensively minded winger and not a defenceman , forwards will often hover in the deep slot waiting for an opportunity to move towards the net for a scoring opportunity .   Category : Ice hockey terminology

neg: Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . ''   Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations .   Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation .   In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues .   `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .

neg: Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is , geographically , the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara . According to the UN , it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara . It contrasts with North Africa , whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world . Somalia , Djibouti , Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa , but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world .   The Sahel is the transitional zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna ( the Sudan region ) and forest-savanna mosaic to the south .   Since probably 3500 BCE , the Saharan and Sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara , forming an effective barrier interrupted by only the Nile in Sudan , though the Nile was blocked by the river 's cataracts . The Sahara pump theory explains how flora and fauna ( including Homo sapiens ) left Africa to penetrate the Middle East and beyond . African pluvial periods are associated with a `` wet Sahara '' phase during which larger lakes and more rivers existed .   The use of the term has been criticized because it refers to the South only by cartography conventions and projects a connotation of inferiority ; a vestige of colonialism , which some say , divided Africa into European terms of homogeneity .

neg: List of endangered languages in Africa An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use , generally because it has few surviving speakers . If it loses all of its native speakers , it becomes an extinct language . UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between `` safe '' ( not endangered ) and `` extinct '' :  Vulnerable  Definitely endangered  Severely endangered  Critically endangered   Africa is the world 's second-largest and second most-populous continent . At about 30.2 million km ² ( 11.7 million sq mi ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6 % of the Earth 's total surface area and 20.4 % of the total land area . With about 922 million people ( as of 2005 ) in 61 territories , it accounts for about 14.2 % of the world 's human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . There are 53 countries , including Madagascar and all the island groups .

neg: Northern Ontario Hockey Association The Northern Ontario Hockey Association ( NOHA ) is minor and junior level ice hockey governing body . The NOHA is sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Federation and Hockey Canada . The major league run by the NOHA is the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League of the Canadian Junior A Hockey League . There used to be a Junior `` B '' league called the North of Superior Junior B Hockey League , but it went defunct in 2004 . There was also a NOHA Jr. . B League , but it became the NOJHL in 1978 . The International Junior B Hockey League existed for many years as well .   The NOHA was founded in 1919 and that same year became affiliated with the Ontario Hockey Association . Decades later , that affiliation was broken but both now operate under the Ontario Hockey Federation .

neg: Morocco national cricket team The Moroccan cricket team is the team that represents the country of Morocco in international cricket matches . They became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council in 1999 . The team is operated by Federation Royale Marocaine De Cricket .

neg: Hockey Rules Board The Hockey Rules Board , which is a board under the Executive Board of the International Hockey Federation ( FIH ) , produces rules for both indoor and outdoor field hockey .   specifying the current rules and working with others in the game to ensure they are interpreted and applied consistently and fairly at all levels of participation ;  providing advice to umpires and other technical officials about rules matters ;  developing the rules while retaining the game 's well known and appealing characteristics ;  aiming to make the game even safer and easier to understand for players and spectators ;  conducting trials and promoting rules changes to achieve these objectives ;  contributing to the development of the game as a whole including the development of equipment and variations in the format of the game .

neg: Box hockey Box hockey is an active hand game played between two people with sticks , a puck and a compartmented box ( typically 5 - long ) , and typically played outdoors . The object of the game is to move a hockey puck through the center dividers , of the box , out through a hole placed at each end of the box , also known as the goal . The two players face one another on either side of the box , and each attempts to move the puck to their left . If a player succeeds in getting the puck to exit the box through the goal , the player scores one point ( or goal ) . The first player to score the predetermined number of goals wins the game .

neg: Mike Barnett (ice hockey) Michael G. Barnett ( born October 9 , 1948 in Olds , Alberta ) is a Canadian ice hockey executive currently serving as Senior Advisor to the President-General Manager of the New York Rangers . He is best known in the world of hockey as a former agent representing sports icon Wayne Gretzky for two decades . He was listed among the `` 100 Most Powerful People In Sports '' by The Sporting News on six occasions from 1994 to 2000 . During his 12 years as President of International Management Group 's hockey division , Barnett represented a who 's who of the National Hockey League . Barnett negotiated the playing and marketing contracts for Wayne Gretzky , Brett Hull , Jaromir Jagr , Sergei Fedorov , Paul Coffey , Joe Thornton , Mats Sundin , Lanny McDonald , Grant Fuhr , Marty McSorley , Alexander Mogilny , Owen Nolan , Daniel Sedin and Henrik Sedin and numerous others . Whatever the form of contract , Barnett 's creativity was legendary . His ingenuity in finding language that challenged the NHL 's Collective Bargaining Agreement , in finding products and companies for his clients that were groundbreaking in their launches , and his perpetual attention to the public relations of his clients , were all hallmark 's of his career in athlete representation . Following his two-decades as one of the most highly regarded agents in all of sports , Barnett went on to become the General Manager of the Phoenix Coyotes in the National Hockey League .


query: Pompeii did not have an amphitheater.

pos: Pompeii Pompeii was an ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples , in the Campania region of Italy , in the territory of the comune of Pompei . Pompeii , along with Herculaneum and many villas in the suzrrounding area , was mostly destroyed and buried under 4 to of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD .   Researchers believe that the town was founded in the seventh or sixth century BC by the Osci or Oscans . It came under the domination of Rome in the 4th century BC , and was conquered and became a Roman colony in 80 BC after it joined an unsuccessful rebellion against the Roman Republic . By the time of its destruction , 160 years later , its population was estimated at 11,000 people , and the city had a complex water system , an amphitheatre , gymnasium , and a port .   The eruption destroyed the city , killing its inhabitants and burying it under tons of ash . Evidence for the destruction originally came from a surviving letter by Pliny the Younger , who saw the eruption from a distance and described the death of his uncle Pliny the Elder , an admiral of the Roman fleet , who tried to rescue citizens . The site was lost for about 1,500 years until its initial rediscovery in 1599 and broader rediscovery almost 150 years later by Spanish engineer Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre in 1748 . The objects that lay beneath the city have been preserved for more than a millennium because of the long lack of air and moisture . These artifacts provide an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life of a city during the Pax Romana . During the excavation , plaster was used to fill in the voids in the ash layers that once held human bodies . This allowed archaeologists to see the exact position the person was in when he or she died .   Pompeii has been a tourist destination for over 250 years . Today it has UNESCO World Heritage Site status and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy , with approximately 2.5 million visitors every year .

neg: The Last Days of Pompeii (disambiguation) The Last Days of Pompeii is a novel by Edward Bulwer-Lytton .   The Last Days of Pompeii may also refer to :  The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1908 film ) , an Italian film by Arturo Ambrosio  The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1913 film ) , an Italian silent film by Caserini and Rodolfi  Jone , or the Last Days of Pompeii ( 1913 film ) , an Italian silent film by Del Colle and Vidali  The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1926 film ) , an Italian silent film by Carmine Gallone and Amleto Palermi  The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1935 film ) , a film starring Preston Foster , David Holt , and Basil Rathbone  The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1950 film ) , a French-Italian film by Marcel L'Herbier and Paolo Moffa  The Last Days of Pompeii ( 1959 film ) ( Gli ultimi giorni di Pompei ) , an Italian film by Sergio Leone , credited to Mario Bonnard  The Last Days of Pompeii ( TV miniseries ) , a 1984 U.S. miniseries  `` The Last Days of Pompeii '' ( Album by Grant Hart and Nova Mob )

neg: Curia Julia The Curia Julia ( -LSB- Curia Iulia , links = no -RSB- , -LSB- Curia Iulia , links = no -RSB- ) is the third named Curia , or Senate House , in the ancient city of Rome . It was built in 44 BC , when Julius Caesar replaced Faustus Cornelius Sulla 's reconstructed Curia Cornelia , which itself had replaced the Curia Hostilia . Caesar did so to redesign both spaces within the Comitium and the Roman Forum . The alterations within the Comitium reduced the prominence of the Senate and cleared the original space . The work , however , was interrupted by Caesar 's assassination at the Theatre of Pompey , where the Senate had been meeting temporarily while the work was completed . The project was eventually finished by Caesar 's successor , Augustus Caesar , in 29 BC .   The Curia Julia is one of only a handful of Roman structures that still survives mostly intact because of its conversion into the basilica of Sant ` Adriano al Foro in the 7th century and several later restorations . However , the roof , the upper elevations of the side walls and the rear façade are modern and date from the remodeling of the deconsecrated church , in the 1930s .

neg: Neapolis, Sardinia Neapolis was a common name of ancient cities , for others see Neapoli   Neapolis ( Greek : Νεάπολις Nabui ) meaning `` New City '' , was an ancient city of Sardinia , and apparently one of the most considerable places on that island . It was situated on the west coast , at the southern extremity of the Gulf of Oristano , at the present-day località of Santa Maria di Nabui , in the comune of Guspini , Province of Medio Campidano .   The Itineraries place Neapolis 60 miles from Sulci ( in modern Sant ` Antioco ) , and 18 from Othoca ( modern Santa Giusta near Oristano ) . ( Itin . Ant . p. 84 . ) The name would clearly seem to point to a Greek origin , but we have no account of its foundation or history . It is noticed by Pliny as one of the most important towns in Sardinia ; and its name is found also in Ptolemy and the Itineraries . ( Plin . iii . 7 . s. 13 ; Ptol . iii . 3 . § 2 ; Itin . Ant . l. c. ; Tab . Peut. ; Geogr . Rav . v. 26 . ) Its ruins are still visible at the mouth of the river Pabillonis , where that stream forms a great estuary or lagoon , called the Stagno di Marceddi , and present considerable remains of ancient buildings as well as the vestiges of a Roman road and aqueduct . The spot is marked by an ancient church called Santa Maria di Nabui . ( De la Marmora , Voy . en Sardaigne , vol . ii . p. 357 . )   The Aquae Neapolitanae mentioned by Ptolemy as well as in the Itinerary , which places them at a considerable distance inland , on the road from Othoca to Caralis ( modern Cagliari ) , are certainly the mineral sources now known as the Bagni di Sardara , on the high road from Cagliari to Oristano . ( Itin . Ant . p. 82 ; Ptol . iii . 3 . § 7 ; Geogr . Rav . v. 26 ; De la Marmora , l. c. p. 406 . )

neg: Campania Campania ( -LSB- kamˈpaːnja -RSB- ) is a region in Southern Italy . The region at the end of 2014 had a population of around 5,869,000 people , making it the third-most-populous region of Italy ; its total area of 13590 km ² makes it the most densely populated region in the country . Located on the Italian Peninsula , with the Mediterranean Sea to the west , it includes the small Phlegraean Islands and Capri for administration as part of the region .   Campania was colonised by Ancient Greeks and was part of Magna Græcia . During the Roman era , the area maintained a Greco-Roman culture . The capital city of Campania is Naples . Campania is rich in culture , especially in regard to gastronomy , music , architecture , archeological and ancient sites such as Pompeii , Herculaneum , Paestum and Velia . The name of Campania itself is derived from Latin , as the Romans knew the region as Campania felix , which translates into English as `` fertile countryside '' . The rich natural sights of Campania make it highly important in the tourism industry , especially along the Amalfi Coast , Mount Vesuvius and the island of Capri .

neg: Caietae Portus Caietae Portus ( mod . Gaeta ) , an ancient harbour of Latium adiectum , Italy , in the territory of Formiae , from which it is 5 mi south-west . The name ( originally Αἰήτη ) is generally derived from Caieta , the nurse of Aeneas .   The harbour , owing to its fine anchorage , was much in use , but the place was never a separate town , but always dependent on Formiae . Livy mentions a temple of Apollo . The coast of the Gulf not only between Caietae Portus and Formiae , but east of the latter -- also , as far as the modern Monte Scauri , was a favourite summer resort .   Cicero may have had villas both at Portus Caietae and at Formiae proper , and the emperors certainly possessed property at both places . After the destruction of Formiae in 847 it became one of the most important seaports of centrul Italy . In the town are scanty remains of an amphitheatre and theatre : near the church of La Trinità , higher up , are remains of a large reservoir . There are also traces of an aqueduct .   The promontory ( 548 ft ) is crowned by the tomb of Munatius Plancus , founder of Lugudunum ( mod . Lyons ) , who died after 22 BC . It is a circular structure of blocks of travertine 160 ft. high and 180 ft. in diameter . Further inland is the so-called tomb of L Atratinus , about 100 ft in diameter . Caieta Portus was no doubt connected with the Via Appia ( which passed through Formiae ) by a deverticulum . There seems also to have been a road running west-north-west along the precipitous coast to Speluncae ( mod.Sperlonga ) .

neg: Terminalia Terminalia was an ancient Roman festival in honour of the god Terminus , who presided over boundaries . His statue was merely a stone or post stuck in the ground to distinguish between properties . His worship is said to have been instituted by Numa who ordered that every one should mark the boundaries of his landed property by stones to be consecrated to Jupiter Terminalis , and at which every year sacrifices were to be offered at the festival of the Terminalia . On the festival the two owners of adjacent property crowned the statue with garlands and raised a crude altar , on which they offered up some corn , honeycombs , and wine , and sacrificed a lamb or a suckling pig . They concluded with singing the praises of the god . The public festival in honour of this god was celebrated at the sixth milestone on the road towards Laurentum doubtless because this was originally the extent of the Roman territory in that direction .   The festival of the Terminalia was celebrated VII . Kal . Mart. , or the 23d of February on the day before the Regifugium . The Terminalia was celebrated on the last day of the old Roman year , whence some derive its name . We know that February was the last month of the Roman year , and that when the intercalary month Mercedonius was added , the last five days of February were added to the intercalary month , making the 23d of February the last day of the year . When Cicero in a letter to Atticus says , Accepi tuas litteras a. d. V. Terminalia ( i.e. Feb. 19 ) , he uses this strange mode of defining a date , because being then in Cilicia he did not know whether any intercalation had been inserted that year .   The central Terminus of Rome ( to which all roads led ) was the god 's ancient shrine on the Capitoline Hill . The temple of Jupiter , king of the gods , had to be built around it ( with a hole in the ceiling as Terminus demanded open-air sacrifices ) by the city 's last king , Tarquinius Superbus , who had closed down other shrines on the site to make room for this prestigious project . But the augurs had read into the flight patterns of birds that the god Terminus refused to be moved , which was taken as a sign of stability for the city .

neg: Roman temple Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture , and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture , though only a few survive in any sort of complete state . Today they remain `` the most obvious symbol of Roman architecture '' . Their construction and maintenance was a major part of ancient Roman religion , and all towns of any importance had at least one main temple , as well as smaller shrines . The main room ( cella ) housed the cult image of the deity to whom the temple was dedicated , and often a small altar for incense or libations . Behind the cella was a room or rooms used by temple attendants for storage of equipment and offerings . The ordinary worshipper rarely entered the cella , and most public ceremonies were performed outside , on the portico , with a crowd gathered in the temple precinct .   The most common architectural plan had a rectangular temple raised on a high podium , with a clear front with a portico at the top of steps , and a triangular pediment above columns . The sides and rear of the building had much less architectural emphasis , and typically no entrances . There were also circular plans , generally with columns all round , and outside Italy there were many compromises with traditional local styles . The Roman form of temple developed initially from Etruscan temples , themselves influenced by the Greeks , with subsequent heavy direct influence from Greece .   Public religious ceremonies of the official Roman religion took place outdoors , and not within the temple building . Some ceremonies were processions that started at , visited , or ended with a temple or shrine , where a ritual object might be stored and brought out for use , or where an offering would be deposited . Sacrifices , chiefly of animals , would take place at an open-air altar within the templum . Especially under the Empire , exotic foreign cults gained followers in Rome , and were the local religions in large parts of the expanded Empire . These often had very different practices , some preferring underground places of worship , while others , like Early Christians , worshipped in houses .   Some remains of many Roman temples survive , above all in Rome itself , but the relatively few near-complete examples were nearly all converted to Christian churches ( and sometimes subsequently to mosques ) , usually a considerable time after the initial triumph of Christianity under Constantine . The decline of Roman religion was relatively slow , and the temples themselves were not appropriated by the government until a decree of the Emperor Honorius in 415 . Santi Cosma e Damiano , in the Roman Forum , originally the Temple of Romulus , was not dedicated as a church until 527 . The best known is the Pantheon , Rome , which is however highly untypical , being a very large circular temple with a magnificent concrete roof , behind a conventional portico front .

neg: Pignora imperii The pignora imperii ( `` pledges of rule '' ) were objects that were supposed to guarantee the continued imperium of Ancient Rome . One late source lists seven . The sacred tokens most commonly regarded as such were the Palladium , the wooden image of Minerva ( Greek Athena ) that the Romans claimed had been rescued from the fall of Troy and was in the keeping of the Vestals ; the sacred fire of Vesta tended by the Vestals , which was never allowed to go out ; and the ancilia , the twelve shields of Mars wielded by his priests the Salii in their processions , dating to the time of Numa Pompilius , second king of Rome .   In the later Roman Empire , the maintenance of the Altar of Victory in the Curia took on a similar symbolic value for those such as Symmachus who were trying to preserve Rome 's religious traditions in the face of Christian hegemony . The extinguishing of the fire of Vesta by the Christian emperor Theodosius I is one of the events that mark the abolition of Rome 's ancestral religion and the imposition of Christianity as a state religion that excluded all others .   In late antiquity , some narratives of the founding of Constantinople claim that Constantine I , the first emperor to convert to Christianity , transferred the pignora imperii to the new capital . Though the historicity of this transferral may be in doubt , the claim indicates the symbolic value of the tokens .

neg: Dionysia The Dionysia ( -LSB- daɪəˈnaɪsiə -RSB- ) was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus , the central events of which were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and , from 487 BC , comedies . It was the second-most important festival after the Panathenaia . The Dionysia actually consisted of two related festivals , the Rural Dionysia and the City Dionysia , which took place in different parts of the year . They were also an essential part of the Dionysian Mysteries .

neg: Teatro Comunale Florence The Teatro Comunale di Firenze or Teatro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino is an opera house in Florence , Italy . It was originally built as the open-air amphitheatre , the Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele which was inaugurated on 17 May 1862 with a production of  Donizetti 's Lucia di Lammermoor and which seated 6,000 people . It became the focus on cultural life in the city . After closure caused by fire , it reopened in April 1864 and acquired a roof in 1882 . By 1911 it had both electricity and heating .   In 1930 the building was taken over by the city authorities who renamed it the Teatro Comunale . Bombing during the Second World War damaged the building once again , and other problems closed it for three years in 1958 . Finally , in May 1961 , the then-modernized theatre reopened with Verdi 's Don Carlo . It had become a 2,000 seat elliptically shaped auditorium consisting of a large orchestra section , one tier of boxes , and two wide semicircular galleries , which betray the building 's amphitheatre origins .   As the theatre became more closely associated with Italy 's first and most important music festival , the annual Maggio Musicale Fiorentino which had begun in 1931 as a triennial festival and , except for the war years , became an annual one after 1937 , so its name was changed once again for the festivals to the Teatro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino .

neg: Vulci Vulci or Volci was a rich and important Etruscan city ( in Etruscan , Velch or Velx , depending on the romanization used ) .   As George Dennis wrote : `` Vulci is a city whose very name ... . was scarcely remembered , but which now , for the enormous treasures of antiquity it has yielded , is exalted above every other city of the ancient world . . ''   Many impressive remains of the city can be seen today .   Vulci was located near the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea about 80 km northwest of Rome , on the Fiora River , between Montalto di Castro and Canino .   The Vulci , like other Etruscans , became master sculptors in bronze as acknowledged by ancient writers . Although most large bronzes have been lost , there remain some magnificent examples of Etruscan bronze work such as the Chimera of Arezzo and the Monteleone chariot , possibly made in Vulci .   In the 19th century thousands of the ancient tombs of Vulci were discovered , and many were so well-known and spectacular , such as the Tomb of the Sun and Moon , that they were included on the Grand Tour of Europe . From these tombs more Attic vases have been found in the Vulci tombs than at any other ancient site ( at least by the 1850s ) and many of these masterpieces as well as Etruscan bronzes have found their way into the major museums of the world where they can be seen today .   Despite these discoveries most of these tombs were later forgotten and lost .

neg: List of cathedrals in Italy This is a list of cathedrals in Italy , including also Vatican City and San Marino . This is intended to be a complete list of extant cathedrals - i.e. , churches that are the seats of bishops - and co-cathedrals . Many former cathedrals and proto-cathedrals are also included , but many more are yet to be added .   Almost all cathedrals in Italy are Roman Catholic , but any that are not are also listed here .   There are many churches in Italy commonly known as Duomo . This is often translated as `` cathedral '' , but not entirely accurately : `` duomo '' refers to the principal church of a town or city , whatever its status . Clearly , when a cathedral exists , that will often also be a town 's principal church , and many cathedrals are thus also `` duomi '' , and vice versa . This is not always so , however : there are places where the cathedral and the principal church are not the same ( Bologna , for example ) ; and very many places which are not the seats of bishops have a non-episcopal `` duomo '' and no cathedral at all . In this list , churches known as `` duomo '' are only included if they are , or have been , episcopal seats , as above .   There is a very small number of churches , such as that at Monza , which have such exceptional distinction or status that they are comparable in importance to cathedrals without having ever been the seats of bishops , and are commonly known in English as cathedrals . There is a separate ( incomplete ) list for this small group of churches .

neg: Roman Theatre of Orange The Roman Theatre of Orange ( French : Théâtre antique d'Orange ) is a Roman theatre in Orange , Vaucluse , France . It was built early in the 1st century AD . The structure is owned by the municipality of Orange and is the home of the summer opera festival , the Chorégies d'Orange .   It is one of the best preserved of all Roman theatres , and served the Roman colony of Arausio ( or , more specifically , Colonia Julia Firma Secundanorum Arausio : `` the Julian colony of Arausio established by the soldiers of the second legion '' ) which was founded in 40 BC . Playing a major role in the life of the citizens , who spent a large part of their free time there , the theatre was seen by the Roman authorities not only as a means of spreading Roman culture to the colonies , but also as a way of distracting them from all political activities .   Mime , pantomime , poetry readings and the `` attelana '' ( a kind of farce rather like the commedia dell ` arte ) was the dominant form of entertainment , much of which lasted all day . For the common people , who were fond of spectacular effects , magnificent stage sets became very important , as was the use of stage machinery . The entertainment offered was open to all and free of charge .   As the Western Roman Empire declined during the 4th century , by which time Christianity had become the official religion , the theatre was closed by official edict in AD 391 , since the Church opposed what it regarded as uncivilized spectacles . After that , the theatre was abandoned completely . It was probably pillaged by the Visigoths in 412 , and like most Roman buildings was certainly stripped of its better stone over the centuries for reuse . It was used as a defensive post in the Middle Ages . During the 16th-century religious wars , it became a refuge for the townspeople .

neg: Roman villas in northwestern Gaul Roman villas in northwestern Gaul ( modern France ) functioned as colonial economic centers . Most villas did not resemble the luxurious , aristocratic country retreats of the Mediterranean region . Their owners were absentee investors ( or the emperor himself ) , managed by local Gauls whose families were rewarded after the Gallo-Roman wars .   It is difficult for archeologists to define a villa ; the recovered residences varied in size and style ( often determined by economic function ) . However , all sites designated as `` villas '' contain Roman architectural elements found in homes ( such as mosaics , porticos , columns and square grounds plans ) .   At first the new Roman masters physically changed very little in Gaul , simply refining the rural economic system in an already intensely farmed landscape . These refinements took the form of technological improvements and enhancing the economic structure ( which included the transport of goods and raw materials to larger markets ) .

neg: Ancient Greek temple Greek temples ( Ancient Greek : Ναός , Naós `` dwelling '' , semantically distinct from Latin templum ( `` temple '' ) were structures built to house deity statues within Greek sanctuaries in ancient Greek religion . The temple interiors did not serve as meeting places , since the sacrifices and rituals dedicated to the respective deity took place outside them . Temples were frequently used to store votive offerings . They are the most important and most widespread building type in Greek architecture . In the Hellenistic kingdoms of Southwest Asia and of North Africa , buildings erected to fulfill the functions of a temple often continued to follow the local traditions . Even where a Greek influence is visible , such structures are not normally considered as Greek temples . This applies , for example , to the Graeco-Parthian and Bactrian temples , or to the Ptolemaic examples , which follow Egyptian tradition . Most Greek temples were oriented astronomically .

neg: Religious persecution in the Roman Empire As the Roman Republic , and later the Roman Empire , expanded , it came to include people from a variety of cultures , and religions . The worship of an ever increasing number of deities was tolerated and accepted . The government , and the Romans in general , tended to be tolerant towards most religions and cults . Some religions were banned for political reasons rather than dogmatic zeal , and other rites which involved human sacrifice were banned .   In the Christian era , when Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire , the Church came to accept it was the Emperor 's duty to use secular power to enforce religious unity . Anyone within the church who did not subscribe to Catholic Christianity was seen as a threat to the dominance and purity of the `` one true faith '' and they saw it as their right to defend this by all means at their disposal . This led to persecution of pagans by the Christian authorities and populace after its institution as the state religion .

neg: Pompeiopolis Pompeiopolis was a Roman city in ancient Paphlagonia , located near Taşköprü , Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey . The exact location is 45 km north of Kastamonu and a short distance across the river from modern Taşköprü , in the valley of the Gökırmak ( Roman name Amnias , or Amneus ) . The borders of Pompeiopolis reach the Küre mountains to the north , Ilgaz mountains to the south , Halys river to the east and Pınarbaşı valley to the west . The city 's remains today consist of an acropolis , some rock-cut tombs , tumuli , a bridge and remains of houses with mosaic tile floors . It is believed that many more artifacts and remains can be uncovered if further archaeological excavation can be conducted at the Zımbıllı hills within the city boundaries .   Pompeiopolis was established together with Neoclaudiopolis as one of a number of cities founded by the Roman general and politician Pompey ( Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ) and integrated into the new Roman double province of Bithynia-Pontus in the year 64 BC . It was later assigned by Mark Antony to the vassal princes of Paphlagonia , and in 6 BC , after the death of Deiotaros Philadelphos , the last king , Paphlagonia was re-integrated into the Roman Empire and placed under the governor of the province of Galatia . While the city flourished and grew during this period , it was the metropolis of Paphlagonia from the reign of Antoninus Pius until that of Gallienus , having a civic mint in the same period , as well . The city was called Sebaste for a short period of time during the patronship of Gnaeus Claudius Severus , Marcus Aurelius ' son-in-law . Rare coins surviving from that era bear the inscriptions `` Sebaste Metropolis of Paphlagonia '' .  w  Being a bishopric since the early 4th century at latest , Pompeiopolis received the title of autocephalus archdiocese at some time during the reign of Justinian I. Within the church province of Paphlagonia , Pompeiopolis always ranked immediately after Gangra , and above the other bishoprics .   It is currently believed that Pompeiopolis was deserted in the early 8th century AD after the attacks of the Arabs Muslim conquests and as a result of the defensive military reorganizations of the Byzantine emperors of the 8th century .  This region was conquered by the invading Turks in the late 11th century . In the 10th/11th century , Pompeiopolis became a metropolitan see until the 14th century , when this diocese was suppressed . Among the fourteen known titular holders of the Christian diocese are Philadelphus at the First Council of Nicaea , Severus of Constantinople and Theodore of Constantinople .   This ancient city and its remains will be preserved and exhibited in a Museum of Archaeology that is planned to be built in Taşköprü by the Turkish Ministry of Culture . The first exploratory diggings in the area were conducted in 1910 ; they revealed some columns and mosaic tile panels . But , soon after , a devastating fire that broke out in 1927 in the nearby residential area greatly harmed the ruins . Many of the artifacts that were revealed in the course of those excavations are currently being exhibited in the Museum of Archaeology of Kastamonu . Since 2006 the university of Munich ( Germany ) is conducting excavations on the archaeological site under the direction of professor Lâtife Summerer .   This Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonia must not be confused with the Soloi or Pompeiopolis in Cilicia , also established by Pompey .   The bishopric of Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonia is included in the Catholic Church 's list of titular sees .

neg: History of Roman and Byzantine domes The History of Roman and Byzantine domes traces the architecture of domes throughout the ancient Roman Empire and its medieval continuation , today called the Byzantine Empire . Domes were important architectural elements in both periods and had widespread influence on contemporary and later styles , from Russian and Ottoman architecture to the Italian Renaissance and modern revivals . The domes were customarily hemispherical , although octagonal and segmented shapes are also known , and they developed in form , use , and structure over the centuries . Early examples rested directly on the rotunda walls of round rooms and featured a central oculus for ventilation and light . Pendentives became common in the Byzantine period , provided support for domes over square spaces .   Early wooden domes are known only from a literary source , but the use of wooden formwork , concrete , and unskilled labor enabled domes of monumental size in the late Republic and early Imperial period , such as the so-called `` Temple of Mercury '' bath hall at Baiae . Nero introduced the dome into Roman palace architecture in the 1st century and such rooms served as state banqueting halls , audience rooms , or throne rooms . The Pantheon 's dome , the largest and most famous example , was built of concrete in the 2nd century and may have served as an audience hall for Hadrian . Imperial mausolea , such as the Mausoleum of Diocletian , were domed beginning in the 3rd century . Some smaller domes were built with a technique of using ceramic tubes in place of a wooden centering for concrete , or as a permanent structure embedded in the concrete , but light brick became the preferred building material over the course of the 4th and 5th centuries . Brick ribs allowed for a thinner structure and facilitated the use of windows in the supporting walls , replacing the need for an oculus as a light source .   Christian baptisteries and shrines were domed in the 4th century , such as the Lateran Baptistery and the likely wooden dome over the Church of the Holy Sepulchre . Constantine 's octagonal palace church in Antioch may have been the precedent for similar buildings for centuries afterward . The first domed basilica may have been built in the 5th century , with a church in southern Turkey being the earliest proposed example , but the 6th century architecture of Justinian made domed church architecture standard throughout the Roman east . His Hagia Sophia and Church of the Holy Apostles inspired copies in later centuries .   Cruciform churches with domes at their crossings , such as the churches of Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki and St. Nicholas at Myra , were typical of 7th and 8th century architecture and bracing a dome with barrel vaults on four sides became the standard structural system . Domes over windowed drums of cylindrical or polygonal shape were standard after the 9th century . In the empire 's later period , smaller churches were built with smaller domes , normally less than 6 m after the 10th century . Exceptions include the 11th century domed-octagons of Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni , and the 12th century Chora Church , among others . The cross-in-square plan , with a single dome at the crossing or five domes in a quincunx pattern , as at the Church of St. Panteleimon , was the most popular type from the 10th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 .

neg: Hybla Gereatis Hybla Gereatis ( Greek : Ὕβλα ἡ Γελεᾶτις ) , is the name of an ancient city of Sicily , located on the southern slope of Mount Etna , not far from the river Symaethus , in the modern comune of Paternò . There were at least three ( and possibly as many as five ) cities named `` Hybla '' in ancient accounts of Sicily which are often confounded with each other , and which it is sometimes very difficult to distinguish .   Hybla Gereatis has been described as the largest and most considerable of the Sicilian cities called Hybla , thence equated with Hybla Major or Magna .   Pausanias ( in whose time it had ceased to be an independent city ) described the city as situated in the territory of Catana ( modern Catania ) . In like manner , we find it noticed by Thucydides as a place between Catana and Centuripa ( modern Centuripe ) , so that the Athenians , on their return from an expedition to the latter city , ravaged the corn fields of the Inessaeans and Hyblaeans . It was clearly a Siculian city ; and hence , at an earlier period , it is mentioned among the other towns of that people in the interior of the island which Ducetius sought to unite into a common league , a measure to which the Hyblaeans alone refused to accede . It is quite clear that , in all the above passages , the Aetnaean Hybla is the one meant : and it seems probable that the city of Hybla , which was attacked by the Athenians soon after their landing in Sicily ( Thuc . vi . 62 ) , but without success , was no other , but only Thucydides distinguishes the Hybla as Hybla Geleatis   During the Second Punic War , Livy mentions Hybla as one of the towns that were induced to revolt to the Carthaginians in 211 BCE , but were quickly recovered by the Roman praetor M. Cornelius . In the time of Cicero the Hyblenses ( evidently the people of the Aetnaean city ) appear as a considerable municipal community , with a territory fertile in corn : and Hybla is one of the few places in the interior of Sicily which Pomponius Mela thinks worthy of mention . Its name is also found both in Pliny , who reckons it among the populi stipendiarii of the island , and in Ptolemy . Hence it is strange that Pausanias appears to speak of it as in his time utterly desolate . The passage , however , is altogether so confused that it is very difficult to say of which Hybla he is there speaking . We find no later notice of it , though an inscription of Christian times found at Catana appears to refer to Hybla as still existing under its ancient name .   The site , as suggested by Cluverius , at Paternò ( about 20 km from Catania ) , and derives strong confirmation from the discovery in that city of an altar dedicated Veneri Victrici Hyblensi . There is much confounding of this city with that of Aetna .

neg: Tymion Tymion was an ancient town in Phrygia , Asia Minor ( in today 's Turkish district of Karahallı , Uşak Province , Aegean Region ) . Its site is located at the Turkish village of Şükranje .  From the middle of the 2nd century CE to the middle of the 6th century CE , Tymion was an important town for the ancient Christian church of Montanism . The Montanists , whose church spread all over the Roman Empire , expected the New Jerusalem to descend to earth at Tymion and the nearby town of Pepuza ; Pepuza was the headquarters of Montanism and the seat of the Montanist patriarch . One of the founders of Montanism , Montanus , called both towns `` Jerusalem . '' In late antiquity , both places attracted crowds of pilgrims from all over the Roman Empire . Women played an emancipated role in Montanism . They could become priests and also bishops . In the 6th century CE , this church became extinct .   Since 2001 , Peter Lampe of the University of Heidelberg has directed annual archaeological campaigns in Phrygia , Turkey . During these interdisciplinary campaigns , together with William Tabbernee of Tulsa , numerous unknown ancient settlements were discovered and archaeologically documented . Two of them are the best candidates so far in the search for the identification of the two holy centers of ancient Montanism , Pepuza and Tymion . Scholars had searched for these lost sites since the 19th century .   The archaeological site at Şükranje ( Karahallı area ) that Peter Lampe identified as Tymion was already settled in late Bronze and early Iron Ages . It flourished in Roman and Byzantine times as a rural town where predominantly tenant farmers lived . They worked on an imperial estate and were often oppressed by travelling magistrates or imperial slaves . In a petition , the farmers asked for help from the emperor . The emperor Septimius Severus wrote back that his procurator would support the farmers . The imperial rescript is preserved on an inscription .


query: Jordan Knight acts.

pos: Jordan Knight Jordan Nathaniel Marcel Knight ( born May 17 , 1970 ) is an American singer-songwriter and actor , best known as the lead singer of the boy band New Kids on the Block ( NKOTB ) , who rose to fame in the 1980s and 1990s . He is best known for his distinctive falsetto style of singing , influenced by The Stylistics . After New Kids on the Block split in 1994 , he launched a solo career . Jordan 's first solo album , released in 1999 , and his latest solo album , released in 2011 , reached the Top 50 on the US Billboard 200 . As of 2011 , he released four Top 40 singles ; the most well known being `` Give It to You '' in 1999 . Knight has released three solo albums , one remix album and one EP . On May 31 , 2011 , Knight released the studio album , Unfinished . Knight has sold over 1.5 million records worldwide as a solo artist . In 2015 , Boston City Council declared February 7 `` Jordan Knight Day . ''

neg: List of Jordanian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Jordan is one of one hundred countries that have submitted films for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Their first submission was sent in Fall 2008 . The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue .   As of 2016 Jordan have submitted three films for Oscar consideration , with one of them being nominated .

neg: Royal Film Commission – Jordan The Royal Film Commission of Jordan ( RFC ) was established to develop an internationally competitive Jordanian film industry .   Founded in accordance with the Royal Film Commission Law No. 27 in 2003 and approved by Law No. 22 in 2008 , RFC is a financially and administratively autonomous Jordanian government organization led by a Board of Commissioners chaired by His Royal Highness Prince Ali Bin Al-Hussein . Noted Jordanian artist Ali Maher served as the film commissioner of the organization prior to his passing .   The RFC is a member of the Association of Film Commissioners International ( AFCI ) . The ( AFCI ) is the official professional and educational organization for film commissions . AFCI Members assist feature , television , commercial , industrial and photography production throughout the world .   The Location Managers Guild recognized the RFC with the LMGI Award for Outstanding Film Commission in 2017 for its work on Rogue One : A Star Wars Story , which filmed at Wadi Rum . The RFC had previously been nominated for its work on The Martian .

neg: The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos .   Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker .   A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .

neg: Orlando Jordan Orlando Mason Jordan ( born April 21 , 1974 ) is an American-Australian semi-retired professional wrestler . He is best known for his tenure in World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , where he was a one-time United States Champion . He is also known for his stint with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) .

neg: Nick & Knight Tour The Nick & Knight Tour is a co-headlining tour by American recording artists Nick Carter and Jordan Knight . The tour supported their collaborative studio album , Nick & Knight . The tour began September 2014 in Nashville , Tennessee and played over 30 shows in the United States and Canada .

neg: Christopher and Kevin Graves Christopher Jordan and Kevin Justin Graves are two American child actors ( born May 2 , 1989 in California ) . Their acting career started in 1990 , when they played `` Lucas Stansbury Jones '' on the soap opera General Hospital . During the next 5 years , they had recurring roles on Baby Talk ( as `` Baby Max '' , Feb. 1991 - May 1992 ) , Cheers ( as `` Frederick Crane '' , April 1991 - January 1993 ) , Dangerous Women ( as `` Robbie Walker '' , 1991 ) , Life Goes On ( as `` Baby Nick '' , Sept. 1992 - Feb. 1993 ) , and The Bold and the Beautiful ( as `` C.J. Garrison '' , 1994 -- 1995 ) . Since 1996 , they have only been seen twice on TV : First on ER ( as `` Danny '' and `` Josh '' , May 1996 ) , and then on The X-Files ( as `` Kid '' , February 2001 ) .

neg: Elliot Knight Elliot Knight is a British actor . He is known for his role as Sinbad in the British television series Sinbad . He portrayed Merlin on the American fantasy television series Once Upon a Time .

neg: Alex Jordan Alex Jordan ( September 20 , 1963 -- July 2 , 1995 ) was an American pornographic actress . Jordan appeared in 166 adult films from 1991 to 1995 and was named `` Best New Starlet '' by Adult Video News in 1993 . She committed suicide by hanging on July 2 , 1995 , while her husband was in Colorado trying to set up a ski shop so that she could leave the business .

neg: Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2008 4th AFCA Awards   Best Film :  The Dark Knight  The 4th Austin Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in filmmaking for 2008 , were announced on December 16 , 2008 .

neg: Tom Knight Tom Knight or Thomas Knight may refer to :

neg: Jeremy Jordan (actor born 1984) Jeremy Michael Jordan ( born November 20 , 1984 ) is an American actor , dancer and singer . He has performed on Broadway and in television and film , as well as in other theatrical productions . He is best known for the roles of Jack Kelly in the 2012 musical Newsies and Clyde Barrow in the 2011 musical Bonnie & Clyde . He currently plays Winslow `` Winn '' Schott , Jr. , the son of DC Comics villain character Toyman , on the CBS / CW DC Comics based superhero drama series Supergirl .

neg: Arabian Knight (comics) Arabian Knight is a title used by three fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . All three characters are superheroes from Saudi Arabia .

neg: Jordan Christopher Jordan Christopher ( October 23 , 1940 -- January 21 , 1996 ) was an American actor and singer . He was the lead singer of The Wild Ones , who recorded the original version of the rock classic `` Wild Thing '' after Christopher had left the band .

neg: Peter Jordan (presenter) Peter Jordan ( sometimes known as Rocki Rolletti ) is a Canadian actor and television presenter . He is best known for the work series It 's a Living , which aired on CBC Television from 1989 to 2003 .   Peter was also a regular contributor to CBWT 's 24Hours LateNight program in the 1980s .   Peter has won two Gemini Awards for Best Host Lifestyle or Performing Arts Program or Series for the It 's a Living series ( 1998 eps . 1 & 5 , and 2000 season ) and was a four-time nominee in the same category .   When the full hour of news returned to CBWT in Winnipeg on February 19 , it was announced that Peter would host a new segment called W6 ( Who , What , When , Where , Why , Winnipeg ) .   In 2008 , he acted in the romantic comedy New in Town , with Renée Zellweger and Harry Connick Jr. , filmed in Selkirk , MB .

neg: Dirty Dancing (song) `` Dirty Dancing '' is the third overall single from New Kids on the Block 's 2008 album , The Block . It was produced by RedOne . The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg .

neg: Golden Knight The Golden Knight is a fictional character , a comic book knight published by DC Comics . He first appeared in The Demon vol . 3 , # 20 ( February 1992 ) , and was created by Alan Grant and Val Semeiks . The character is based on the mythical knight Percival as defined by Chrétien de Troyes ' unfinished fifth romance , Perceval , le Conte du Graal ( Perceval , the Story of the Grail ) .

neg: JFH: Justice For Hire JFH : Justice For Hire ( also known as JFH , Justice For Hire , and JFH : Justice-For-Hire ) is a mixed martial arts themed entertainment property that encompasses a series of comic books , films , videos , music , and animations . The JFH story follows two sons of a duo of vigilante fathers that get their family 's hero-for-hire business legalized , spawning a worldwide industry of heroes , villains , and mercenaries for hire dubbed the Retribution Industry . Produced and published by Creative Impulse Entertainment , JFH remains one of the first examples of transmedia storytelling in the comic book industry .   JFH was created by real-life father/son martial arts champions and comic book writers Jan C. Childress and Jan Lucanus . Lucanus appears as a regular cast member in the live action content .

neg: Gregory Jbara Gregory Jbara ( -LSB- dʒəˈbɑrə -RSB- born September 28 , 1961 ) is an American film , television and stage actor , and singer .

neg: Theatrical jousting Coined in the late 20th century by American stunt performer Kent Shelton , the term theatrical jousting refers to a form of live entertainment in which a medieval jousting tournament is recreated in conjunction with a scripted performance .  Alternative terms are `` jousting reenactment '' or `` choreographed jousting '' .   The Hanlon-Lees Action Theater is credited with developing the theatrical joust format in 1979 ; its first appearance was at the New York Renaissance Faire in Tuxedo , New York .  This type of performance has become very popular at various renaissance fairs by the early 2000s .   Typically a three-act affair , the theatrical joust consists of  a display of skill ;  a mock battle which results in a verbal challenge ;  an armed joust on horseback , often `` to the death . ''   A variety of colorful characters , either villainous or heroic , give the audience ( which is usually divided into sectors based upon the number of `` knights '' ) a particular person to root for or against .   As the show must be repeated on a daily or weekly basis , all fights are carefully choreographed and rehearsed .  Horses must be trained to withstand such peculiarities as the clatter of steel weaponry , the occurrence of a rider being knocked from the saddle , and the roar of large crowds . Special makeup and/or property effects are often incorporated into the performance to provide the illusion of violent death or shattering equipment .

neg: The Dark Knight (video game) The Dark Knight is a cancelled action video game loosely based on the film of the same name . The game was unofficially announced in the summer of 2007 to be developed by Pandemic Studios as an open world Batman game .   The game was confirmed , albeit unofficially , on July 18 , 2008 by actor Gary Oldman during an interview with G4 's Kristin Adams . In his interview on GameTrailers , Oldman said he knew an awful lot of effort had gone into getting Batman 's gliding abilities to feel suitably smooth and fluid for The Dark Knight game . Oldman , who reprised his role as Lt. Jim Gordon , did not name a developer in the interview but anonymous sources reported that The Dark Knight was a secret project of Pandemic Studios and EA .   Despite prior speculation , no further announcements were made regarding production of the game , even upon the DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of the films on December 9 , 2008 in the United States . According to a Newsweek article , the lack of a game at the same time of the movie 's release may have cost an estimated $ 101 million in missed revenue . EA and Pandemic Studios had announced that the game would come out on the PlayStation 3 . Pandemic Brisbane , who were responsible for developing this game , has since been shut down and the project cancelled . In 2009 , Warner Bros. would instead publish Batman : Arkham Asylum with Rocksteady Studios as the developer , which would start the Batman : Arkham series .