query: The Fujistsu iPAD was teased but never released.

pos: Fujitsu iPAD The Fujitsu iPAD is a lightweight handheld device that was introduced by Fujitsu , in 2002 . It runs Microsoft 's CE.NET operating system . It supports 802.11 b wireless LAN to connect wirelessly with other company infrastructure . The device can support inventory management as well as credit card payments . In January 2010 , when Apple announced the Apple iPad , there was a naming controversy between the two devices . To settle the trademark infringement allegation , Apple purchased the trademark rights from Fujitsu . Some trademark analysts estimate that Apple paid Fujitsu over US$ 4 million in exchange for the March 17 , 2010 assignment of Fujitsu 's iPad trademark rights to Apple .

neg: Apple Adjustable Keyboard The Apple Adjustable Keyboard is an ergonomic and adjustable keyboard introduced by Apple Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US$ 219 . The keyboard attached to the computer via the Apple Desktop Bus ( ADB ) . The last Apple computer released compatible with this keyboard without using a USB to ADB adapter was the Power Macintosh G3 ( Blue & White ) , as it was the last one with the Apple Desktop Bus .   It aimed to solve repetitive stress injuries resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome , after several computer keyboard manufacturers were sued for poor design . The Apple Adjustable Keyboard came with contoured plastic wrist rests , and a separate keypad with function keys and arrow keys . This was the third and last time Apple offered a separate numeric keypad . Unlike its predecessors , it was not sold separately . The keyboard also included volume buttons and a record button on the right side of the keyboard .   It was hinged at the top , allowing the user to adjust the angle between the right and left sides of the keyboard . The split came between the key pairs : 5/6 , T/Y , G/H , and B/N . The space bar floated midway between the two parts . Although the keyboard addressed several ergonomic problems , it was reviewed poorly due to using a large amount of desk space , mainly because of the optional palm rests .   The keyboard uses Alps SKFS switches , which provide tactile feedback with a slightly `` clicky '' feel .

neg: Apple A5X The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) designed by Apple Inc. , introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7 , 2012 . It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5 ; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5 . It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip .

neg: Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0 The Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0 is a 7-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics . It belongs to the third generation of the Samsung Galaxy Tab series , which also includes the 8-inch Galaxy Tab 3 8.0 and the 10.1-inch Galaxy Tab 3 10.1 . It was announced on 29 April 2013 and launched in the US on 7 July 2013 .

neg: Google Calendar Google Calendar is a time-management and scheduling calendar service developed by Google . It became available as a limited beta release on April 13 , 2006 , and exited the beta stage in July 2009 . It is available on the web and as mobile apps for the Android and iOS mobile operating systems .   Google Calendar allows users to create and edit events . Reminders can be enabled for events , with options available for type and time . Event locations can also be added , and other users can be invited to events . Users can enable or disable the visibility of special calendars , including Birthdays , where the app retrieves dates of births from Google contacts and displays birthday cards on a yearly basis , and Holidays , a country-specific calendar that displays dates of special occasions . Over time , Google has added functionality that makes use of machine learning , including `` Events from Gmail '' , where event information from a user 's Gmail messages are automatically added to Google Calendar ; `` Reminders '' , where users add to-do activities that can be automatically updated with new information ; `` Smart Suggestions '' , where the app recommends titles , contacts , and locations when creating events ; and `` Goals '' , where users enter information on a specified personal goal , and the app automatically schedules the activity at optimal times .   Google Calendar 's mobile apps have received polarized reviews . 2015 reviews of the Android and iOS apps both praised and criticized the design . While some critics praised the design for being `` cleaner '' , `` bold '' and making use of `` colorful graphics '' , other reviewers asserted that the graphics took up too much space . The Smart Suggestions feature was also liked and disliked , with varying levels of success in the app actually managing to suggest relevant information upon event creation . The integration between Google Calendar and Gmail was praised , however , with critics writing that `` all of the relevant details are there '' . The iOS app has been criticized for its lack of iPad support , and for the lack of a widget in the iOS Notification Center . An update in March 2017 added iPad support , and a blog post by Google announced that a Notification Center widget is coming in a future update .

neg: Acer Liquid Z630 The Acer Liquid Z630 is a touchscreen smartphone developed and marketed by Acer Inc. . It was announced in the September 2015 IFA exhibition in Berlin .

neg: Game Boy Printer The Game Boy Printer , known in Japan as the , is a thermal printer accessory released by Nintendo in 1998 , which ceased being manufactured in early 2003 . The Game Boy Printer is compatible with all the Game Boy systems except the Game Boy Micro , and is designed to be used in conjunction with the Game Boy Camera . It also prints images from compatible late-generation Game Boy and Game Boy Color games ( listed below ) . It runs on six AA batteries and uses a special 3.8 cm wide thermal paper with adhesive backing , sold in white , red , yellow and blue colors . In Japan , a bright yellow Pokémon version of the Game Boy Printer was released , featuring a feed button in the style of a Poké Ball .   Mad Catz sells a kit that enables users to connect a Game Boy to a PC and print images using the PC 's printer . Hobbyists outside the UK can also make their own cable for uploading images to their computer . A Game Boy Printer emulator is needed for the Game Boy to interface with the PC once linked via cable . The Game Boy Printer Paper has also been discontinued , and rolls of the genuine article that still produce a reliable image are becoming more difficult to find . Regular thermal paper , such as the kind used for POS terminals , can be cut to the proper width and used successfully with the Game Boy Printer .   The system will print a test message reading `` Hello '' if it is turned on while the feed button is held . According to the manual , this is used to test if the printer is functioning properly . To get around using six AA batteries ( 1.5 volts each ) for the printer , a single 9V battery can be used if wired properly , because the printer requires 9V DC .

neg: Ultracity 6060 UltraCity 6060 was a six-part animated short series which was shown as part of MTV 's teen/adult-themed cartoon variety show Cartoon Sushi . Writers included Matt Harrigan , Mike DeSeve , Dave Hughes , Ben Gruber and Daria 's head writer Anne Bernstein . It consisted of anime scenes that were dubbed with humorously incorrect dialogue for comedic reasons .   Most of the anime used in this cult classic was taken from the OAV series Genocyber which is released by U.S. Manga Corps . Another U.S. Manga Corps title was used for another UltraCity episode starred Iria in a parody of her own anime Iria : Zeiram the Animation .   For the episode `` Planet Jackson '' , footage from ADV Films ' Mighty Space Miners was lampooned . The young boy in the film was made to be Michael Jackson and the rest of the cast as the Jackson family , Quincy Jones , Donny Osmond , Andrew Jackson and other people looking for handouts .   The only non-anime cartoon used in UltraCity was from Cartoon Network 's `` Cartoons That Never Made It '' produced by AmPnyc in early-1997 under the supervision of Amperio Lux . One of them was Fast Driver , an obvious Speed Racer parody poking fun at everything .   Other shorts featured two news reporters bemoaning the mainstream use of profanity in society ( the irony of course was that they swore very frequently ) , as well as a man named Hirogani , who was having problems trying to stop his severe flatulence around people ( taken from Genocyber ) . Another short was when they announced that their `` animation budget has been completely exhausted by excessive robot battles '' , which made them ban all lip-synching to save money ( a remake of a scene from the first Mobile Police Patlabor movie ) .

neg: Satellaview The is a satellite modem peripheral for Nintendo 's Super Famicom system that was released in Japan in 1995 . Available for pre-release orders beginning February 13 , 1995 , the Satellaview retailed for between ¥ 14,000 and 18,000 ( at the time between USD$ 141 and 182 ) and came bundled with the BS-X Game Pak and an 8M Memory Pak .   The Satellaview system was developed and released by Nintendo to receive signals broadcast from satellite TV station WOWOW 's satellite radio subsidiary , St.GIGA . St.GIGA was responsible for file server management , maintenance , and vocalization for `` SoundLink '' games . Nintendo data broadcasts were given a fixed time slot known as the during which scrambled Satellaview-related data was streamed via radio waves to be unscrambled by St.GIGA 's . As a subscription-based station for ambient and New Age music , St.GIGA listeners were already equipped with `` BS tuners '' prior to St.GIGA 's contract with Nintendo . Satellaview owners who lacked a `` BS tuner '' had to purchase one separately from St.GIGA at a price of ¥ 33,000 , as well as sign up for Nintendo 's and St.GIGA 's monthly joint membership fees . Alternatively , users could rent `` BS tuners '' from St.GIGA for a 6-month period at a price of ¥ 5,400 . Even at this premium price , St.GIGA reported subscriptions peaking at 116,378 households by March 1997 , and dropping to around 46,000 by June 2001 .

neg: ThinkPad ThinkPad is a line of laptop computers and tablets developed by Lenovo . The series was designed , developed , and sold by IBM until Lenovo acquired the division and brand in 2005 . ThinkPads are known for their minimalist , black and box design which was initially modeled in 1990 by industrial designer Richard Sapper based on the concept of a traditional Japanese Bento lunchbox revealing its nature only after being opened . According to later interviews with Sapper , he also characterized the simple ThinkPad form to be as elementary as a simple , black cigar box and with similar proportions that offers a ` surprise ' when opened .   ThinkPads are popular with large businesses and schools . Older ThinkPad models are revered by technology enthusiasts , collectors and power users due to their durable design , relatively high resale value , and abundance of aftermarket replacement parts . ThinkPad laptops have been used in space and , by 2003 , were the only laptops certified for use on the International Space Station .

neg: Departmental boot image A departmental boot image is a boot image for any computer that has been enhanced by adding some applications and passwords specific to a task or group or department in an organization . This has many of the advantages of a thin client strategy , but can be done on any operating system base as long as the boot device is large enough to accommodate the boot and applications together .   A typical departmental Windows XP boot image is usually so large that it requires a DVD to store , and may be too large for network booting . Accordingly , it is usually installed on a fixed or removable hard drive kept inside the machine , rather than installed over a network or from a ROM .   There are some boot image control complexity and total cost of operations advantages to using a departmental boot image instead of a common boot image for the entire organization , or a thin client :  all the capabilities of a full operating system are available , not just those of a thin client  applications with inflexible software licenses need not be paid for the entire organization , but can be paid only for the departments that actually use them and have them installed on their machines  applications that interact badly can be segmented so that an accounting program and an engineering program do not `` clobber each other 's libraries '' or otherwise interfere as they would if both sets of applications were installed in one boot image  overall size of each boot image can be controlled to fit within network or removable disk limits   Disadvantages include the complexity of creating and managing several large boot images , and determining when a department needs to upgrade its applications . If each user is allowed to do this on their own , then , the discipline soon degrades and the shop will be no easier to manage than one that consists of one-off computers with their own quirks , frequently requiring re-imaging and whose issues are not really diagnosable nor comparable to each other . Some experts believe that any departmental boot image regime degrades rather quickly to this state without extraordinary discipline and controls , and advocate thin clients to ensure such control .   It is however increasingly possible to restrict users from installing `` their own '' applications on a standard boot image , and to automatically re-install when a variant boot image is detected . While this would be draconian in a large organization with one boot image it is often quite acceptable when the boot image is maintained at a departmental level and users can request that it be upgraded with a minimum of bureaucracy and waiting .   Category : Booting  Category : Disk images

neg: Samsung Galaxy Note 5 Samsung Galaxy Note 5 ( marketed as Samsung Galaxy Note5 ) is an Android phablet smartphone developed and produced by Samsung Electronics . Unveiled on 13 August 2015 , it is a successor to the Galaxy Note 4 as part of the Samsung Galaxy Note series .   The Galaxy Note 5 carries over hardware and software features from the Galaxy S6 , including a refreshed design with a glass backing and a spring-loaded stylus , improved camera and fingerprint scanner , built in livestreaming functionality , and additional features meant for use with the device 's bundled stylus . The device was released together with the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge + .   The Galaxy Note 5 received positive reviews from critics , who praised the device 's upgraded build quality over prior models , along with improvements to its performance , camera , and other changes . Similarly to the S6 , Samsung was criticized for making the Galaxy Note 5 's battery non-removable , and removing the ability to expand its storage via microSD . It was argued that these changes were potentially alienating to power users -- especially because the Galaxy Note series had historically been oriented towards this segment of the overall market .   The Galaxy Note 5 was briefly succeeded by the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 , released in September 2016 . However , the device was ultimately recalled and pulled from the market after repeated incidents where batteries overheated and caught on fire .

neg: Apple Mighty Mouse The Apple Mouse ( formerly Apple Mighty Mouse ) is a multi-control USB mouse manufactured by Mitsumi Electric and sold by Apple Inc. . It was announced and sold for the first time on August 2 , 2005 , and a Bluetooth version was available from 2006 to 2009 . Before the Mighty Mouse , Apple had sold only one-button mice with its computers , beginning with the Apple Lisa 22 years earlier . The Mighty Mouse supported two buttons , and a minuture trackball for scrolling .   On October 20 , 2009 , the wireless Mighty Mouse was discontinued and replaced by the multi-touch Magic Mouse . The wired version of the device remains available , but was renamed the `` Apple Mouse '' as of the same date , due to trademark issues with another manufacturer of a device named `` Mighty Mouse '' .

neg: Apple Lisa Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple , released on January 19 , 1983 . It was one of the first personal computers to offer a graphical user interface ( GUI ) in a machine aimed at individual business users . Development of the Lisa began in 1978 , and it underwent many changes during the development period before shipping at the very high price of US$ 9,995 with a 5 MB hard drive . The high price , relatively low performance and unreliable `` Twiggy '' floppy disks led to poor sales , with only 100,000 units sold .   In 1982 , after Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project , he joined the Macintosh project , at that time developing a much more limited machine with a task-switching interface . Jobs redirected the Macintosh team to build a cheaper and better Lisa , releasing it in January 1984 and quickly outstripping Lisa sales . Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably , but it failed to achieve favorable sales compared to the much less expensive Mac . The final revision of the Lisa , the Lisa 2/10 , was modified and sold as the Macintosh XL .   Generally considered a failure , the Lisa nevertheless introduced a number of advanced features that would not re-appear on the Macintosh for a number of years . Among these was an operating system which featured protected memory and preemptive multitasking , and a more document-oriented workflow . The hardware itself was also much more advanced than the Macintosh , with a hard drive and support for up to 2 megabytes ( MB ) of RAM , expansion slots and a larger higher-resolution display . The main exception being that while the Macintosh also used the 68000 processor , the Macintosh initially used a version clocked at 7.89 Mhz , compared to the 5Mhz version used in the Lisa . The complexity of the Lisa operating system and its associated programs overtaxed the slower processor enough that users perceived it to be sluggish , particularly when scrolling in documents .

neg: Cisco Cius The Cisco Cius is a business-oriented , Android-based tablet computer from Cisco Systems . It was announced on June 29 at Cisco Live 2010 and discontinued on May 24 , 2012 , although it will still be offered on a limited basis .

neg: Palm TX The Palm TX ( written as `` Palm T | X '' in official documentation ) was a personal digital assistant which was produced by Palm , Inc. . It was announced and released as part of Palm 's October 2005 product cycle , and was in production until March 2009 .   It succeeded the Tungsten T5 PDA . The TX marked Palm 's discontinuation of `` Tungsten '' sub-branding for its high-end handhelds . It featured 802.11 b Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless connectivity . It ran Palm OS Garnet , version 5.4.9 . As Palm considered the LifeDrive to be separate from its PDA line , designating it as a `` Mobile Manager '' , the TX was Palm 's flagship PDA .

neg: Power Macintosh 5000 series The Power Macintosh 5000 series is a series of all-in-one ( meaning the cases feature an integrated monitor ) personal computers that are a part of Apple Computer 's Macintosh LC , Power Macintosh and Macintosh Performa series of Macintosh computers .   The Power Macintosh 5200 LC was introduced in April 1995 with a PowerPC 603 CPU at 75 MHz as a PowerPC-based replacement of the Macintosh LC 500 series . Later models switched to the PowerPC 603e CPU and used model numbers above 5260 , but kept the same motherboard design . Unlike previous education models , which prepended the model number with `` LC '' , the 5200 series uses the Power Macintosh designation of Apple 's main workstation line of the time and appends the LC to the end of the model name . All models in the 5xxx series featured an integrated 15-inch ( 12.8 '' viewable ) monitor .   The 5200 series is closely related to the 6200 series , which features the same logic boards in desktop cases without integrated monitors . This means that it also shares the 6200 's massive and confusing number of model designations .

neg: Nexus 7 (2013) The second generation Nexus 7 is a mini tablet computer co-developed by Google and Asus that runs the Android operating system . It is the third tablet in the Google Nexus series , a family of Android consumer devices marketed by Google and built by an original equipment manufacturer partner . Following the success of the original Nexus 7 , a second generation of the device was released on July 26 , 2013 , four days earlier than the originally scheduled date due to early releases from various retailers . The tablet was the first device to ship with version 4.3 of Android .   The second iteration of the 7 in tablet , code named `` Razor '' , has various upgrades from the previous generation , including a 1.5 GHz quad-core Snapdragon S4 Pro processor , 2 GB of memory , a 1920 × 1200 pixel display ( 323 pixels per inch ; 127 ppcm ) , dual cameras ( 1.2 MP front , 5 MP rear ) , stereo speakers , built-in inductive Qi wireless charging , and a SlimPort ( via micro USB connector ) capable of full high-definition video output to an external display .

neg: Compaq Concerto The Compaq Concerto was a laptop computer made by Compaq , introduced in 1993 . Concerto was the first tablet computer manufactured by Compaq on a large scale .

neg: Horizon Project The Horizon Project is an initiative by the New Media Consortium ( NMC ) to chart emerging technologies for teaching and learning . Its objective is to help educators and thought leaders across the world build upon the innovation happening at their institutions by providing them with expert research and analysis . It was launched in 2002 by Laurence F. Johnson , CEO of NMC , and publishes several reports online detailing trends in the usage of technology in education .   Since 2005 , Johnson has collaborated with Rachel S. Smith in the writing of this report . In 2006 , Alan Levine joined the production team , and Keene Haywood joined in 2010 . In 2011 , Samantha Adams succeeded Smith as the project 's lead researcher and writer . In 2011 , Horizon Report downloads surpassed the 500,000 mark and worldwide readership approached a million people . The NMC 's landmark nine-years-and-counting study of emerging technology continued with the release of the `` 2011 Horizon Report '' in January 2011 . A brand new museum edition was released in October 2010 to the museum community , along with reports for K-12 education and for Australia - New Zealand . The Horizon Project expanded to Latin America in that year , when for the first time , a Horizon research cycle was conducted completely in Spanish . The 2010 Horizon Report : Edicion Iberoamericana was released in July 2010 .   Each report is put together collaboratively by an Advisory Board which consists of an international group of educational experts that are selected by-invitation-only . Reports are released with a Creative Commons license ( attribution-only ) and may be freely replicated and distributed . The Horizon Project reports have been commonly cited at various trending websites and could be used as guidelines in studying trends in the usage of technology in education . Over the past 10 years , various editions of the reports have been downloaded more than a million times .   Like other research projects , the Horizon Project has its fair share of critics ( for example , the Higher Ed CIO blog thinks that it is deviating from its original objectives ) and supporters ( for example the past president of IFEES calls it a `` must read '' ) . Various editions of the Horizon Reports are frequently cited by authors of various academic journals and articles . ( According to Google Scholar , the 2010 Horizon Report has been cited more than 1000 times . )

neg: TvOS tvOS is an operating system developed by Apple Inc. for the fourth-generation Apple TV digital media player . tvOS was announced on September 9 , 2015 at the Apple September 2015 event , alongside the 4th generation Apple TV . On October 26 , 2015 , 4th generation Apple TV pre-orders began , and shipments began the following week . At the Apple September 2015 Event , Hipster Whale 's Andy Sum demoed Crossy Road for the Apple TV , available via the tvOS App Store . Apple also announced that other apps ( such as Netflix and HBO Now ) would be coming to the Apple TV running tvOS .   tvOS is based on iOS heavily rather than just the stripped-down versions of iOS that the operating systems for the 2nd and 3rd generation Apple TV are . The 4th generation Apple TV , with support for third-party software via an App Store , was rumored prior to the Apple September 2015 Event held on September 9 , 2015 .


query: Jack Dorsey is American.

pos: Jack Dorsey Jack Dorsey ( born November 19 , 1976 ) is an American computer programmer and internet entrepreneur widely known as a co-founder and CEO of Twitter , and as the founder and CEO of Square , a mobile payments company . In 2008 , he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35 . For 2012 , The Wall Street Journal gave him the `` Innovator of the Year Award '' for technology .

neg: Jack Nason Edward Earl `` Jack '' Nason aka Running Deer ( April 8 , 1899 - March 9 , 1977 ) was a professional football player who played in the National Football League during the 1922 and 1923 seasons . He joined the NFL 's Oorang Indians . The Indians were a team based in LaRue , Ohio , composed only of Native Americans , and coached by Jim Thorpe .

neg: Jack Hammer (songwriter) Earl Solomon Burroughs ( September 16 , 1925 -- April 8 , 2016 ) , known professionally as Jack Hammer , was an American pianist , singer , and songwriter , credited as the co-writer of `` Great Balls of Fire '' .

neg: Jack and Jill (dance) Jack and Jill is a format of competition in partner dancing , where the competing couples are the result of random matching of leaders and followers . Rules of matching vary .   The name and format were created by Jack Carey at Hank & Stans in Norwalk , California in the early 1950s to encourage a variety of dancers to enter competitions .   The gender-ambiguous term Pat and Chris has been used , particularly in LGBT dance venues , to refer to events where the gender of lead and follow is n't specified .   In dance competitions J&J is included as a separate division ( or divisions , with additional gradations ) .  J&J is popular at Swing conventions , as well as at ballroom dance competitions in the US .   J&J competitions are intended to test social dance skills , whereas fixed partner competitions test performance dance skills .

neg: Dana A. Dorsey Dana Albert `` D. A. '' Dorsey ( 1872 -- 1940 ) was a businessman , banker , and philanthropist who became one of the first African -- American millionaires in Florida and the American South .

neg: Jumpin' Jack Flash `` Jumpin ' Jack Flash '' is a song by English rock band the Rolling Stones , released as a single in 1968 . Called `` supernatural Delta blues by way of Swinging London '' by Rolling Stone magazine , the song was perceived by some as the band 's return to their blues roots after the baroque pop and psychedelia heard on their preceding albums , Aftermath ( 1966 ) , Between the Buttons ( 1967 ) and especially Their Satanic Majesties Request ( 1967 ) . One of the group 's most popular and recognisable songs , it has featured in films and been covered by numerous performers , notably Thelma Houston , Aretha Franklin , Tina Turner , Peter Frampton , Johnny Winter and Leon Russell .

neg: Sonny Dae and His Knights Sonny Dae and His Knights was an American vocal and instrumental group in the early 1950s . The group was the first to record the hit song `` Rock Around the Clock '' .   The group comprised Italian-American singer Sonny Dae ( real name Paschall Salvatore Vennitti , May 24 , 1928 -- February 1987 ) , pianist Hal Hogan , guitarist Art Buono , and Mark Bennett . It was a novelty group that billed itself as `` instrumental , vocal and fun makers '' , and had a regular slot on the Old Dominion Barn Dance radio show in Richmond , Virginia .   `` Rock Around the Clock '' was apparently co-authored by James E. Myers ( using the pseudonym Jimmy DeKnight ) , and was performed in stage shows in 1953 by his client Bill Haley . However , Haley 's record company , Essex Records , initially refused to allow him to record it , because the company owner , Dave Miller , detested Myers and refused to allow his songs to be released on the label . Instead , Myers ' business partner Jack Howard offered the song to Sonny Dae and His Knights , who released it in Philadelphia on 20 March 1954 ( recorded , according to some other sources , late in 1953 ) . '' ( We 're Gon na ) Rock Around The Clock To-night ! '' was copyrighted on 31 March 1953 in the U.S.Library Of Congress .   The recording was released on Howard 's Arcade label , and reviewed by Billboard in the R&B section . But the record achieved only modest local success . The B-side was an instrumental with accompanying vocals , `` Moving Guitar '' , written by S. Dae , A. Buono and M. Bennett . Haley then recorded his version of ` Rock Around the Clock ' on 12 April 1954 , following which it eventually became a massive worldwide hit .   Sonny Dae & His Knights is not known to have made any other recordings .

neg: Jack Gregory (defensive end) Earl Jackson `` Jack '' Gregory , Jr. ( born October 3 , 1944 ) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League ( NFL ) who played for the Cleveland Browns and the New York Giants in a 13-year career that lasted from 1967 through 1979 . He is unofficially credited with 103 quarterback sacks for his career ( 38 with the Browns and 65 with the Giants ) . The Browns credit him with 14 sacks for the 1970 NFL season , the second-best total in team history .   Gregory played college football at University of Tennessee at Chattanooga and Delta State University . He was inducted into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame in 2000 . His father , Jack Gregory Sr. , played with the Cleveland Rams in 1941 .

neg: Jack Fallon Jack Fallon ( October 13 , 1915 , London , Ontario - May 22 , 2006 , London , England ) was a British jazz bassist born in Canada .   Fallon played violin before making double-bass his primary instrument at age 20 . During World War II he played in a dance band in the Royal Canadian Air Force , and settled in Britain after his discharge . He joined the band of Ted Heath in 1946 , and played bebop in London clubs in his spare time . In 1947 he played with Ronnie Scott and Tommy Whittle at the Melody Maker/Columbia Jazz Rally , and following this worked with Jack Jackson ( 1947 ) , George Shearing ( 1948 ) and Django Reinhardt ( 1949 ) . Soon after playing with Reinhardt , he played in a Count Basie ensemble which also included Malcolm Mitchell and Tony Crombie ; he played with both of them after leaving Basie , working together with Hoagy Carmichael and Maxine Sullivan and touring in Sweden together with Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli .   Fallon worked in the 1950s as an accompanist to Mary Lou Williams , Sarah Vaughan , and Lena Horne , and also served as a sideman in the ensembles of Humphrey Lyttelton , Kenny Baker , and Ralph Sharon . Additionally , he was house bassist at Lansdowne Studios . He worked outside of jazz with blues musicians such as Big Bill Broonzy and Josh White , and played with Johnny Duncan 's Blue Grass Boys . As the bass guitar became more popular , Fallon became a champion of its use , and played both instruments in the latter part of his career .   Fallon was also involved in the industry as a booker/promoter , having established the booking agency Cana Variety in 1952 . Cana booked primarily jazz artists in its early stages but expanded to rock acts in the 1960s , including The Beatles and The Rolling Stones . Because of this connection , Fallon was asked by the Beatles to play violin on the song `` Do n't Pass Me By '' ( from The Beatles ) .   Fallon continued to play jazz locally in London and in the studios into the 1990s . He published a memoir entitled From the Top in 2005 , and died the following year at age 90 .

neg: Joe Glaser Joseph G. `` Joe '' Glaser ( December 17 , 1896 -- June 6 , 1969 ) was an artist manager famous for his involvement in the careers of Jazz musicians , including Louis Armstrong and Billie Holiday .   Glaser was the son of a Chicago family of Russian Jewish origins . After a series of irregular jobs ( fight promoter , club manager ) , with the help of his alleged mob connections he started managing Louis Armstrong in May 1935 . The success of their association caused other jazz musicians to join Glaser and his agency known as the Associated Booking Corporation which `` was formed in 1940 by Joe Glaser and Louis Armstrong '' .   Although his clients had a high opinion of him , Glaser was a feared person in the business industry . Associated Booking Corporation or `` ABC '' as it is also known as , has at various times represented Duke Ellington , Benny Goodman , Lionel Hampton , Woody Herman , Dave Brubeck , Barbra Streisand , B.B. King , The Allman Brothers Band , T. Rex , and many others .   Joseph ` Joe ' G. Glaser died on June 6 , 1969 at Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital in New York City , New York after suffering a stroke . He was 72 .   His agency - Associated Booking Corporation - was incorporated on June 26 , 1943 and is still in existence today .   After his death in 1969 , Joe Glaser 's FBI File - CR 166-1672 - was shipped over to the H.R. Select Committee On Assassinations sometime in 1976-1979 . While the file was sent to the committee in the belief that Glaser had known Jack ` Sparky ' Rubenstein , better known as Jack Ruby , from his Chicago , Illinois days , that file revealed that Glaser was still doing some boxing promotion as late as 1966 , representing Ernie Terrell in his 1966 boxing match against the then Cassius Clay .

neg: Mike Dorsey Mike Dorsey ( 1930 -- 24 October 2014 ) was an English-born Australian theatre and television actor . He was best known for his 1970s television soap opera roles of Reginald `` Daddy '' MacDonald in Number 96 , and Sir Clifford Langley in The Young Doctors   Dorsey was born in Yorkshire , England . His acting career began in the late 1940s when he started acting with the Gate Theatre , Dublin , in bit parts . After three years in the army in the early 1950s Dorsey returned to acting , with several minor stage roles on the UK provincial theatre circuit . The scarcity of acting work led to a career change to the publicity business , and Dorsey subsequently did the publicity in London for such performers as Kenny Ball , Acker Bilk and The Yardbirds . He later did two tours with The Rolling Stones , one of which brought him to Australia where he decided to settle in 1965 .   In Australia Dorsey 's career as an actor and performer quickly took off . Beginning in the mid-1960s he had several guest starring roles in Australian drama series including Riptide , Skippy the Bush Kangaroo , and many appearances in the various Crawford Productions police drama series . During this period he also played the ongoing role of Captain Roke in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation-Artransa Film science fiction children 's series Phoenix Five ( 1970 ) , was the straight man on Joe Martin 's show Tonight on Channel Ten , and had a brief role as a police detective in Number 96 in 1972 .   Beginning in January 1974 Dorsey played the regular role of comedy character Reg `` Daddy '' MacDonald in Number 96 . An officious bureaucrat with the local council , buttoned-down Reg lived a regimented life and liked to speak in acronyms as a sort of verbal shorthand . He would frequently register his indignation with signature phrase `` Great Scott ! '' Along with wife Edie -- otherwise known as `` Mother '' or `` Mummy '' -- ( Wendy Blacklock ) and daughter Marilyn ( Frances Hargreaves ) the character became a hit with viewers .   In late 1976 there were plans to spin off the characters of Mummy and Daddy into a new situation comedy series titled Mummy and Me and starring Dorsey and Blacklock , but the proposed series was not picked up by the network and the characters remained in Number 96 . Dorsey and Blacklock played in Number 96 continuously until it ended in August 1977 , surviving several drastic cast purges during the show 's closing months .   After the series ended , Dorsey , like many of his former Number 96 co-stars , had a guest starring role in school-based drama Glenview High ( 1977 ) . In the late 1970s Dorsey and his main Number 96 co-star Wendy Blacklock created a stage show based on their Number 96 characters which toured clubs in New South Wales over a period of nearly two years . In 1978 -- 1979 Dorsey played an ongoing role on hospital-based soap opera The Young Doctors . He then took the regular role of Vic Marshall in Network Ten daily soap opera Arcade ( 1980 ) , a notorious critical and popular failure cancelled after being on air only six weeks . Dorsey subsequently ran a theatrical group .   Dorsey more recently was cast in the role of ` Pop ' in the 2007-2009 children 's television series ` Lockie Leonard ' , filmed in Western Australia , in which he played the role of Lockie 's grandfather . He portrayed the role in the first and second series as a recurring character , but not actively as a main role .   Mike married his lifelong partner , Pamela Borain , at their property in Baldivis on 18 April 2010 where they lived until he died peacefully at Rockingham General Hospital on Friday 24 October 2014 .

neg: Showgirl in Hollywood Showgirl in Hollywood is a 1930 American Pre-Code all-talking musical comedy-drama film with Technicolor sequences , produced and distributed by First National Pictures , a subsidiary of Warner Bros. . The film stars Alice White , Jack Mulhall and Blanche Sweet . It was adapted from the 1929 novel Hollywood Girl , by J. P. McEvoy .   Al Jolson , Ruby Keeler , Noah Beery , Walter Pidgeon , and Loretta Young make cameo appearances in the final reel , which was photographed in Technicolor . Showgirl in Hollywood is a sequel to the 1928 Warner Bros. silent film Show Girl which also starred Alice White as Dixie Dugan .   A French version of the film , titled Le masque d'Hollywood , was directed by Clarence G. Badger and John Daumery .

neg: Joe Dodge Joe Dodge ( February 9 , 1922 -- August 18 , 2004 ) was an American jazz musician .   A subtle and creative drummer , Dodge will probably always be better known for his role primarily as a timekeeper and accompanist who set a standard for blending propulsive swing , creating an adaptability that allowed him to remain in the background and not interfere with the soloist 's line extended to a reluctance to take drum solos .   Born in Monroe , Wisconsin , Dodge was raised and grew up in San Francisco , California . Dodge initially studied to be a symphonic percussionist , but like many young drummers of his generation , he was primarily influenced by Gene Krupa and later listened Jo Jones , Jimmy Crawford and Shelly Manne , different sources of inspiration that helped him to create his own creative style .   During World War II , Dodge fulfilled his military duties from 1942 until 1945 . While serving , he played drums in the Coast Artillery band , where he met tenor saxophonist Dave van Kriedt , who introduced him to Dave Brubeck and Paul Desmond . After demobilization in 1946 , Dodge worked in several dixieland groups and dance bands around the Bay area .   In 1950 , Dodge became tired of road touring and economic instability and was able to get a job working in a bank . Nonetheless , he still kept in touch with Desmond , who arranged for him to play an engagement in an octet led by Brubeck as a temporary replacement for drummer Cal Tjader . By then , the Brubeck octet was playing at the San Francisco Opera House , where they opened the show for Nat King Cole and Woody Herman .   A few years later , Desmond again recommended Dodge to Brubeck . As a result , he became the regular drummer of the Dave Brubeck Quartet , participating with the group in different music venues in the United States while recording five successful albums between 1953 and 1956 . During the same period , Dodge was featured in two albums with different formats directed by Desmond .   Late in 1956 , Dodge was worn down by the travel and intense schedule with the quartet and wanted to spend more time with his family . He then told Brubeck it was time to look for another drummer and took a day job in San Francisco . Meanwhile , in the Quartet 's New York stays , Desmond had heard the Marian McPartland trio at the Hickory House and was impressed with Joe Morello , the drummer who had been working with her since 1953 . Desmond then said Brubeck that they should hire Morello , and when Brubeck heard Morello playing , he asked him if he would be interested in joining his group and the drummer did not jump at the opportunity .   In 1957 , Dodge had a chance to return to the jazz spotlight when bandleader Stan Kenton offered him a job as a transitory replacement for Mel Lewis , but Dodge decided to turn the offer down . From 1958 until he retired in 1981 , he combined his activities working in the liquor business with musical engagements in the evenings .   Dodge kept in contact with Desmond until the saxophonist 's death in 1977 and never lost touch with Brubeck . At one point , Dodge played at Brubeck 's fiftieth wedding anniversary in 1992 at the Claremont Hotel in Oakland , where he shared time with many of the pianist 's former colleagues .   Joe Dodge died in 2004 in Lake Elsinore , California , at the age of 82 .

neg: George Dorsey George Dorsey may refer to :   George Washington Emery Dorsey ( 1842 -- 1911 ) , Representative to the United States Congress from Nebraska  George Amos Dorsey ( 1868 -- 1931 ) , U.S. ethnographer of indigenous peoples of the Americas  George W. Dorsey , victim of the 1946 Georgia lynching

neg: Papa Jack Laine George Vital `` Papa Jack '' Laine ( September 21 , 1873 -- June 1 , 1966 ) was an American musician and a pioneering band leader in New Orleans in the years from the Spanish -- American War to World War I . He was often credited for training many musicians which would later become successful in jazz music . His Marching band was named Reliance Brass Band and it was the first to fuse European , African and Latin music together . The earliest jazz musicians can be traced back to playing within the Reliance Brass Band or being influenced from those who had .   Many of the New Orleans musicians who first spread jazz around the United States in the 1910s and 1920s got their start in Laines marching band , including the members of the Original Dixieland Jass Band . Laine was a drummer , but was more noted for his skills at arranging and booking bands . Laine 's musicians included individuals from most of New Orleans ' many ethnic groups such as African American , English , French , German , Irish , Italian , Jewish , Latin American , Scottish , etc. . He started leading bands in 1885 before the Jim Crow laws went into effect in New Orleans . Due to the diverse background of many of his bands members such as their cultural background , socioeconomic status , age variations from young to old as well as musical experience ( some having none at all ) a broad range of ideas were developed and fused together leading to the early beginnings of jazz music .   Even after segregation laws started demanding `` whites '' and `` colored '' be kept separate , Laine continued to hire light - and medium light-skinned African-American musicians , claiming that they were `` Cuban '' or `` Mexican '' if any segregationist tried to start trouble . As such his band attracted a large and diverse group of people such as Mexican clarinetist Lorenzo Tio , Sr. , a pioneer of the jazz solo . Laine believed music brought people together . Laine retired from the music booking business by 1920 , but he was interviewed a number of times , providing first hand accounts of the early days of the development of New Orleans jazz . He had hired well over 100 musicians to play in his bands , including the following :

neg: The Jack Benny Program (season 4) This is a list of episodes for the fourth season ( 1953 -- 54 ) of the television version of The Jack Benny Program . This season is mostly known for Humphrey Bogart and Marilyn Monroe being on the show ( separately ) . This year had major movie stars of the time , more likely to attract more viewers . The show 's rankings had gone down 33 % from last year , but the show was still popular , and the next season would get more views . This season the program was the 16th highest-ranking show .

neg: Jumping Jack Jones Daniel Albion `` Jumping Jack '' Jones , Jr. ( October 23 , 1860 -- October 19 , 1936 ) was an American professional baseball pitcher , dentist and voice trainer . He played in Major League Baseball in 1883 , splitting the season between the Detroit Wolverines and Philadelphia Athletics . With a strong showing in September 1883 , he helped the Athletics win the American Association pennant by one game over the St. Louis Browns . Jones also led the Yale Bulldogs baseball team to two intercollegiate championships in the early 1880s .   Jones became known as `` Jumping Jack '' Jones because of his distinctive pitching delivery which involved jumping some two feet in the air before throwing the ball . His delivery drew ridicule and laughter among spectators , caused confusion among batters and made Jones `` the twirling marvel of his time . '' Jones later received D.D.S. and M.D. degrees from Harvard Dental School and Yale Medical School and became a dentist in Connecticut .

neg: Charles Henry Dorsey Jr. Charles Henry Dorsey , Jr. ( May 18 , 1930 - April 21 , 1995 ) was born in Baltimore and attended St. Catherine Academy in Baltimore and Epiphany College , a Josephite seminary , in New York from 1947-48 . He transferred from Epiphany College to Loyola College in September 1949 . He was the first black undergraduate student to enroll in Loyola College ( now Loyola University Maryland ) .

neg: Jack Elliott Jack Elliott may refer to :   Jack Elliott ( composer ) ( 1927 -- 2001 ) , American television and film composer  Jack Elliott ( rugby player ) ( 1871 -- 1938 ) , Welsh rugby union player  Jack Elliott ( broadcaster ) , American radio personality  Ramblin ' Jack Elliott ( born 1931 ) , American folk performer  Jack Elliott ( album ) , a 1964 album by Ramblin ' Jack Elliott  John Elliot ( songwriter ) ( 1914 -- 1972 ) , American songwriter , also known as Jack Elliott  Jack D. Elliot ( born 1971 ) , American record producer and songwriter  Jack Elliott ( racing journalist ) ( 1922-2007 ) , Australian horse racing journalist  Jack Elliott ( footballer ) ( born 1995 ) , English footballer

neg: Jack Norton (filmmaker) Jack Norton is an American filmmaker , television producer , musician , songwriter and producer . He is the director of the 2015 film Jug Band Hokum . He is best known as the co-creator of the Emmy Award winning preschool television show and brand , ( The Zinghoppers ) . He co-directed and co-stars in the PBS show , `` Totally , Zinghoppers ! ''   Norton is of Dutch and French descent . He grew up in a musical family . His baby sitter was Tiny Tim , who gave Norton his first ukulele . Blues singer Leon Redbone taught Norton how to play guitar and authors Nick Tosches and Hubert Selby , Jr. were family friends .   After high school , Norton studied Early Childhood Education and his experience as a preschool teacher helped form the educational principals found in the Zinghoppers music . Norton 's senior thesis ( entitled , `` The Childhood Dignity Movement '' ) , helped form the Zinghoppers core goals of `` educating , entertaining and engaging '' young children . While in college , Norton 's love of hip-hop culture and dance music led him to attend raves and underground rap house parties . Electro , hip-hop , Disney pop and dance music serves as the basis of Norton 's musical influences .   The Nortons moved to Nashville , Tennessee in 2009 to begin production of `` Totally , Zinghoppers ! '' , a series for public television .   In 2015 Norton announced his directorial debut with Jug Band Hokum , a documentary film that stars Brooklynd Turner and Anne Baggenstoss and follows the lives of band members competing in the Minneapolis Annual Battle of the Jug Bands . Guests appearing in the film include Garrison Keillor ( of Prairie Home Companion fame ) , Bone Thugs-N-Harmony and others .   In 2017 it was announced Norton 's next film will be Wendigosis , a feature length horror film .   Four songs written and performed by Jack Norton and Kitty Norton are included in The Florida Project a 2017 film by Sean Baker .

neg: Talent Jackpot Talent Jackpot was an American game show broadcast on the DuMont Television Network from July 13 to August 23 , 1949 . The show was hosted by Broadway producer Vinton Freedley ( 1891-1969 ) with Bud Collyer as his assistant and announcer . Contestants won by getting the most applause from the audience , and the top prize was $ 250 .


query: Jaime Lannister's family was not wealthy and powerful.

pos: Jaime Lannister Jaime Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . He becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning in A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) .   Introduced in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , Jaime is a knight of the Kingsguard and a member of House Lannister , one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros . Although he first appears to be unscrupulous and amoral , he later proves to be far more complex , honorable and sympathetic .   Jaime is portrayed by Nikolaj Coster-Waldau on the HBO series Game of Thrones . He was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television , a Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a People Choice Awards Favorite TV Anti-Hero for his performance in the show 's third season . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 and 2017 .

neg: Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series .   Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter .   In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .

neg: Family and Kinship in East London Family and Kinship in East London was a 1957 sociological study of an urban working class tight-knit community , and the effects of the post-war governments ' social housing policy leading to their rehousing . Many East Londoners by rigid slum clearance moved out into the new estates of the Home Counties ( some of which is now outer Greater London ) . The study was carried out in the Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green , in the East End of London and a new housing estate in Essex . The research was carried out by Michael Young and Peter Willmott , who had been an integral part of building the welfare state in Britain during the tenure of Clement Attlee and the Labour government between 1945-51 .   The study itself has been acknowledged by many sociologists and in its authors ' critiques as being one of the most influential sociological studies of the twentieth century . It is argued by some that it has inspired British sociology to take new paths away from the more traditional broad Functionalist versus Marxist dichotomy . It used social observation as its means to do so , going away from statistical information that had been previously preferred . In this sense , it counters the Structuralist ( Positivist ) model that posits statistics can always be found to prove cause and effect within society .   The idea was to interact and understand a post-war community , to determine its aspirations , worries , doubts and insecurities . This key understanding moves the study into a more Interactionist line , about each individual 's role within society . Indeed , it could also be linked to Max Weber 's idea of empathy and `` going deep '' to comprehend the complexity of communities .   In 1992 , Michael Young and the Institute of Community Studies he founded commenced on a new survey of the area to examine the changes to the area and in particular to examine the conflict between the white working class and Bangladeshi immigrants which had become a major feature of the area . This was eventually published in 2005 after his death as The New East End : Kinship , Race and Conflict by Michael Young , Kate Gavron , Geoff Dench .   On Wednesday 25 April 2007 , The Guardian society section reported on the 50th Anniversary of the study . Madeleine Bunting expressed how `` the voices they found described a world rich in social relationships , networks of dependence and mutual support that were central to the people 's resilience in facing the adversity of insecure and low paid employment . ''  Bunting also mentions how the pair were amongst the first to discover `` social capital '' and its role in shaping community life .   It was the first British sociological study that really investigated deeply people 's attitudes , beliefs and feelings . Using detailed prose and limited statistical analysis , it charted how decisions from the top affected ordinary people in their day-to-day and prospective lives .   ISBN 978-0-14-020595-4

neg: Körmendy Körmendy in the Hungarian language , due to its form and implied meaning , is understood to be a family name . Literally it means : a person or family of or originating or associated with the place called Körmend , now one of the smaller townships in Western Hungary , near the Austrian border .   It is evident in some public records that the same family name may have been spelled `` Körmendi '' as compared to `` Körmendy '' . It is generally understood in the Hungarian tradition that the use of the form `` Körmendy '' is an entitlement of some sort due to the formerly official title of nobility , received as granted in a traditional European meaning and process . The `` Körmendi '' name , form or usage , may mean in some cases , simply a spelling variation due to whatever reasons , but in some other cases `` Körmendi '' may be just an adopted name , not entitled to the `` Körmendy '' form of spelling .   There seem to exist many people in the world with these family names , however to this writer at this point it may be highly speculative to guess how many of these may be related at any distance , or whether there are one or more greater families covered by all these names . On the other hand , as an example , this writer has information of a document and public record granting the nobility title to a `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants ( and the same to a companion by a different name ) by `` King Ferdinánd I '' of Hungary , in the year 1549 . This above cited record also refers to an official transcript of another record of the same subject , originating in `` Szentmarja '' of Bács Vármegye , formerly part of the Hungarian Kingdom , ( now called Szabadka in Hungarian , and is now part of modern Serbia ) . This later transcript was sent to the Hungarian National Museum and is deposited under `` Aldányi Antal , LXI 1549 január 5 . ''   The above cited granting of nobility to said `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants is due to , according to the contents of the cited document ( s ) , a certain incident of his heroic behavior during the Hungarian defensive wars against the Turkish invaders . The said heroic act occurred in a battle at the Hungarian town Győr , rescuing some Christians from the Turks . Along with the title of nobility this `` Körmendy Márton '' and his descendants were granted the right to use a certain coat of arms , described in detail within the above said letter of grant of nobility ( nemeslevél in Hungarian ) .   These records at least provide a glimpse into the background and history connected with the name ( s ) Körmendy .

neg: Petite bourgeoisie Petite bourgeoisie ( -LSB- pətit buʁʒwazi -RSB- ) , also petty bourgeoisie ( literally small bourgeoisie ) , is a French term ( sometimes derogatory ) referring to a social class comprising semi-autonomous peasantry and small-scale merchants whose politico-economic ideological stance in times of socioeconomic stability is determined by reflecting that of a haute ( high ) bourgeoisie , with which the petite bourgeoisie seeks to identify itself , and whose bourgeois morality it strives to imitate .   The term is politico-economic , and references historical materialism . It originally denoted a sub-stratum of the middle classes in the 18th and early-19th centuries . In the mid-19th century , the pre-eminient theorist of socio-politico-economy , Karl Marx , and other Marxist theorists used the term petite bourgeoisie to identify the socio-economic stratum of the bourgeoisie that comprised small-scale capitalists such as shop-keepers and workers who manage the production , distribution , and/or exchange of commodities and/or services owned by their bourgeois employers .

neg: List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire novels feature a massive cast of characters . The series follows three interwoven plotlines : a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families ; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros 's northern border ; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty .   Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character . Beginning with nine POV characters in A Game of Thrones ( 1996 ) , the number grows to thirty-one by A Dance with Dragons ( 2011 ) .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Uí Ímair The Uí ( h ) Ímair -LSB- iː ˈiːvˠaɾʲ -RSB- , or Dynasty of Ivar , were a royal Norse dynasty members of which ruled much of the Irish Sea region , the Kingdom of Dublin , the western coast of Scotland , including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England , from the mid 9th century .   The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century , but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times , depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants . This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine , because reliable pedigrees do not survive . Additionally , for between three and four decades , the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself , distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde , of which they may also have been overkings , and later briefly the Irish province of Munster , dominated from Waterford , and later still , briefly the English kingdom of Mercia . In the west of Ireland , the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick , from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again .   On the female side , two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals ( they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster , respectively ) , while another was Queen of Leinster ( and Osraige ) . In the Norse sources , another was Queen consort of Norway . Finally , another may have been Queen of Brega . The name Uí Ímair in Old Irish means `` grandchildren '' or descendants of Ivar , but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons . The Irish annals describe Ivar as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and of Auisle , and the Annals of Ulster record his obituary under the year 873 , reading : Imhar , rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie , uitam finiuit -LSB- `` Ivar , king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain , ended his life '' -RSB- . Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army , Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless ( fl . 865-860 ) , son of Ragnar Lodbrok . In any event , Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain .   Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a `` unitary empire '' ; it was , rather , a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred , with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders . Especially in the early period , a great portion of the dynasty 's wealth , probably the majority , came from the international slave trade , both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it , for which they were infamous in their time . In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract The War of the Irish with the Foreigners , although the account is exaggerated .   One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age , the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond . However , unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure , despite their considerable economic and political influence .

neg: Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king .   With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London .   The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .

neg: Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort .   The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage .   Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence .   As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive .   One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . ''   The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .

neg: Eunuchs in popular culture Eunuchs have appeared many times in popular culture .   The Eunuch , a comedy by Roman playwright Terence .  In The Country Wife , the main character , Mr. Horner , pretends to be a man turned eunuch by impotence caused by syphilis in order to gain access to the bedrooms of married women .  Being proud of not being a eunuch is the subject of the song `` At Least You 're Not a Eunuch '' in the play Life and Death in Jaffna ( The Musical ! ) '' by Edward Cress  Eunuchs appear often as villains in Hong Kong kung fu and wuxia films set in ancient China . For example , the films `` Dragon Inn ( Xin long men ke zhan ) '' , `` Butterfly and Sword ( Xin liu xing hu die jian ) '' , and `` A Touch of Zen ( Hsia nu ) '' all feature a eunuch or a group of eunuchs as the main villain . A popular eunuch villain used in ancient China stories is Eunuch Wei , who is based on a historical figure named Wei Zhongxian . Eunuch villains are usually in charge of powerful political posts , such as being the leader of the East Chamber .  The Queen Salmissra , in David Eddings ' The Belgariad and The Malloreon , is only allowed to be served by eunuchs . Her Chief Eunuch Sadi becomes a principal character in The Malloreon , and is referred to in `` The Prophecy '' as `` The Man who is no Man . ''  The character and narrator Taita in Wilbur Smith 's `` Egyptian '' ( 1991 - ) series of novels is a eunuch ( performed as a punishment while a slave ) .  Bagoas was the eunuch favorite of Alexander the Great ( referenced above ) . Bagoas is the main character and narrator of The Persian Boy , a 1972 historical novel by Mary Renault .  Punk rock band the Descendents wrote a song about a eunuch called `` Eunuch Boy '' , which was on their 1996 comeback album Everything Sucks .  Eunuchs feature prominently in Montesquieu 's 1722 novel Lettres persanes , supposedly about Persian visitors to eighteenth-century France .  Varys , a character in George R. R. Martin 's series A Song of Ice and Fire , later made into the HBO series Game of Thrones , is a eunuch by castration .  A historical mystery series written by Mary Reed and Eric Mayer , beginning in 1999 , details investigations carried out by John , the eunuch Lord Chamberlain to Emperor Justinian I , in and around the sixth-century imperial court in Constantinople .  In the 2006 film One Night With the King , Hadassah 's ( Esther 's ) would-be boyfriend , Jesse , is captured by the Persian empire and castrated .  The 2002 historical science fiction novel The Years of Rice and Salt features many eunuchs in its opening section , including the character Kyu and the historical Chinese admiral Zheng He .  Three best-selling novels by Jason Goodwin , The Janissary Tree , The Snake Stone and The Bellini Card , chronicle the investigations of Yashim Togalu , a Turkish eunuch detective to the Sultan 's royal court , in the Ottoman Empire of the 1830s .  The historical novel Memoirs of a Byzantine Eunuch , by Christopher Harris ( 2002 Dedalus Books , ISBN 1-903517-03-6 )  The Japanese novel ( and later anime series ) Ai no Kusabi has within their caste system `` Furniture '' , or eunuchs who act as servants to the highest social class . The character Katze was once Furniture , but now works on the black market .  In the Japanese anime Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion ( R2 ) the de facto rulers of the communist Chinese Federation are a group of eight eunuchs called `` High Eunuchs . ''  The character Naboo the Enigma from the British comedy act and television series The Mighty Boosh is a eunuch .  For the greater part of Iain Banks 's 1984 novel The Wasp Factory , the 16-year-old narrator Frank Cauldhame claims to be a eunuch , the result of being savaged by a dog when he was an infant . At the novels climax , Frank discovers that she was in fact born female .  In the TV show Major Dad , a eunuch was in charge of the Security wives of Emir of Katodd .  One of the characters that Voltaire 's Candide meets on his adventures is a eunuch .  The Vampire Eli in John Ajvide Lindqvist 's novel Let The Right One In is a eunuch . However , this detail is not made abundantly clear in the book 's 2008 Film adaptation of the same title .  The Yellow Bastard of the Sin City franchise .  In the Red Dwarf episode `` Quarantine '' , Rimmer is said to have been Alexander the Great 's chief eunuch in a past life .  In the manga `` Red River ( manga ) '' one of the main villains , Urhi , is a eunuch .  The eunuch Manan is a major character in The Tombs of Atuan , the second book from Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea series . The story largely takes place in a large convent where no men are allowed , so a number of other eunuchs are mentioned .  In Robert E. Howard 's short story The Scarlet Citadel , the main antagonist has a eunuch prison guard named Shukeli . It is stated that in him , normal human passions have been replaced by extreme sadism .  In William Shakespeare 's play `` Twelfth Night '' , Viola initially decides to disguise herself as a eunuch named Cesario in order to serve Duke Orsino .  In the 2015 video game The Witcher 3 : Wild Hunt , the loyal servant and bookie of head Redanian Intelligence Sigismund Dijkstra is a eunuch , called Happen the Eunuch . He takes care of the Bathhouse in Novigrad , which is open to both sexes .   Category : Topics in popular culture

neg: Bristol slave trade Bristol is a city in the South West of England , on the River Avon which flows into the Severn Estuary . Because of Bristol 's position on the River Avon , it has been an important location for marine trade for centuries . The city 's involvement with the slave trade peaked between 1730 and 1745 , when it became the leading slaving port .   Bristol used its position on the Avon to trade all types of goods . Bristol 's port was the second largest in England after London . Countries that Bristol traded with included France , Spain , Ireland , Portugal , and North Africa 's Barbary Coast . Bristol 's main export was woollen cloth . Other exports included coal , lead , and animal hides . Imports into Bristol included wine , grain , slate , timber , and olive oil . Trading with the various colonies in the Caribbean and North America began to flourish during the Interregnum of Oliver Cromwell ( 1649 -- 1660 ) .   The Royal African Company , a London-based trading company , had control over all trade between countries in Britain and Africa before the year 1698 At this time , only ships owned by the Royal African Company could trade for anything , including slaves . Slaves were increasingly an important commodity at the time , since the British colonization in the Caribbean and the Americas in the 17th century . The Society of Merchant Venturers , an organization of elite merchants in Bristol , wanted to commence participation in the African slave trade , and after much pressure from them and other interested parties in and around Britain , the Royal African Company 's control over the slave trade was broken in 1698 .   As soon as the monopoly was broken , what is thought to have been the first `` legitimate '' Bristol slave ship , the Beginning , owned by Stephen Barker , purchased a cargo of enslaved Africans and delivered them to the Caribbean . Some average slave prices were # 20 , # 50 , or # 100 . In her will of 1693 , Jane Bridges , Widow of Leigh Upon Mendip bequeathes her interest of # 130 in this very ship to her grandson Thomas Bridges and indicates that the vessel was owned by the City of Bristol . Business boomed ; however , due to the over-crowding and harsh conditions on the ships , it is estimated that approximately half of each cargo of slaves did not survive the trip across the Atlantic .   The triangular trade was a route taken by slave merchants during the years 1697 and 1807 . The areas covered by the triangular trade was England , North West Africa and finally The Caribbean . Profits of 50-100 % were made during the 18th century . Over 500,000 slaves were brought into slavery by these ships , representing one-fifth of the British slave trade during this time .

neg: A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well .   Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature .   The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes .   A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .

neg: Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame .   Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations .   Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement .   Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .

neg: Isle of Canes Isle of Canes ( ISBN 1-59331-306-3 ) , a novel by Elizabeth Shown Mills , follows an African family from its importation and enslavement in 1735 through four generations of freedom in Creole Louisiana to its re-subjugation by Jim Crow at the close of the nineteenth century . Mills explores the family 's `` struggle to find a place in -LSB- a -RSB- tightly defined world of black and white '' -- a world made more complex by the larger struggle of Louisiana 's native ancien regime to preserve its culture amid the Anglo-Protestant `` invasion '' that followed the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the resulting battle for political and social hegemony . Isle 's central theme is the ambiguous lives of those who escaped colonial slavery only to find they could not survive as free without complicity in the slave regime .   The novel 's subject-family is one that has been both romanticized and excoriated by journalists , academics , descendants , and current websites over the past half-century . Isle 's interpretation of their controversial role is based heavily on the author 's original research across three decades in the archives of six nations , and actual documents are interspersed throughout the novel . The author 's research began in 1972 when she was employed by a preservation society to document the history of one Isle landmark , Melrose Plantation .   Critical assessments of Isle of Canes focus on its upturning of stereotypes . Contemporary Lit describes the focus as `` Gone with the Wind from a vastly different , more important perspective ... not that of the plantation owner or the poor white ... but homme de couleur libre and slave ... capturing the agonizing decisions which tore families and communities apart . '' Historical Novels Review similarly observes , `` The Metoyers , a historical family both black and white and yet neither , challenge all perceptions of racial boundaries . You may never look at American History the same way again . ''   The Isle community is also the focus in Lalita Tademy 's Oprah Book Club pick , Cane River . Mills 's Isle explores the colonial roots of the community and the experience of slaves who achieved freedom prior to the onset of Louisiana 's Creole-Anglo conflict . Tademy 's story , whose earliest slave generations are based upon research by Mills and her daughter , portrays the mid-nineteenth -- and early-twentieth-century experiences of the community 's slave families who envied , respected , and resented the free status of the Isle 's Creoles de couleur libre -- some of whose blood they shared .   A third , much older novel , Lyle Saxon 's Children of Strangers , depicts the state of servitude into which the Islanders were subjected by the early twentieth-century . Saxon 's era was one in which the chatelaine of the family 's last remaining manor house ( Melrose Plantation , a National Historic Landmark since 1976 ) was an Anglo patroness of the arts , who encouraged Saxon to visit and `` observe '' the community first hand . Saxon 's portrayal captures the mindset of that era 's white population , who vacillated between economic exploitation of the Islanders , sexual attraction to their women , and a paternalistic view of the multiracial Creoles as `` simple people , but our people . ''   Historians struggle to understand the complexities of the Peculiar Institution -- particularly the motivation that compelled a significant number of freed American slaves to purchase other humans once free to do so . Edward P. Jones lays out one psychological path in The Known World creating a fictional anti-hero , the Black Virginian Henry Townsend , who is consumed by his self-centered ambition . Isle of Canes reconstructs the world of an actual family to define a radically different but equally uncomfortable trajectory by which more than a few ex-slaves survived a status many historians consider `` neither slave nor free . ''

neg: Ned Stark Eddard `` Ned '' Stark is a fictional character in the first book of George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and the first season of its television adaptation . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Ned is the honorable lord of Winterfell , an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros . Though the character is established as a primary character in the novel and the TV adaptation , Martin 's plot twist at the end involving Ned shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series .   Ned is portrayed by Sean Bean in the first season of HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , and as a child and young man by Sebastian Croft and Robert Aramayo respectively in the sixth season . Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role . He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011 .

neg: The Black Adder The Black Adder is the first series of the BBC sitcom Blackadder , written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson , directed by Martin Shardlow and produced by John Lloyd . The series was originally aired on BBC One from 15 June 1983 to 20 July 1983 , and was a joint production with the Australian Seven Network . Set in 1485 at the end of the British Middle Ages , the series is written as a secret history which contends that King Richard III won the Battle of Bosworth Field , only to be unintentionally assassinated by his nephew Edmund and succeeded by Richard IV , one of the Princes in the Tower . The series follows the exploits of Richard IV 's unfavoured second son Edmund ( who calls himself `` The Black Adder '' ) in his various attempts to increase his standing with his father and , in the final episode , his quest to overthrow him .   Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O'Clock News , the series covers a number of medieval issues in Britain in a humorous and often anachronistic manner -- witchcraft , royal succession , European relations , the Crusades and the conflict between the Crown and the Church . The filming of the series was highly ambitious , with a large cast and much location shooting . Shakespearean dialogue is sometimes adapted for comic effect . Despite winning an International Emmy , The Black Adder is generally regarded as the weakest series of Blackadder , even by its creators .

neg: FitzClarence Fitzclarence or FitzClarence is a pseudo-Anglo-Norman name meaning `` son of Clarence '' -- it usually refers to a bastard son of a Duke of Clarence , or a descendant thereof , and was used by them as a surname .   The FitzClarence family was an illegitimate branch of the House of Hanover . Prince William , Duke of Clarence , and future king William IV of the United Kingdom , had at least ten children with his mistress Dorothea Jordan , all of whom took the surname FitzClarence . All of them were also granted by their father the rank of a marquess ' younger sons or daughters .   The Duke of Clarence 's eldest surviving illegitimate child , George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) , was created Earl of Munster in 1831 and his male-line was continued until the death of Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster in 2000 . Two of Lord Munster 's brothers , Frederick and Augustus ( a priest ) , had issue that were also part of the family . Five daughters of William IV and Dorothy Jordan were married to nobles or prominent military figures , including William Hay , 18th Earl of Erroll , Lucius Cary , 10th Viscount Falkland , and Admiral Lord John Hallyburton . Only one , Mary , had no children .   The 10 children of Prince William , Duke of Clarence , future King of Great Britain and his mistress , Dorothy Jordan , and their descendants :  George FitzClarence ( 1794 -- 1842 ) and his grandson :  Charles FitzClarence ( 1865 -- 1914 )  Henry FitzClarence ( 1795 -- 1817 )  Sophia FitzClarence ( 1796 -- 1837 )  Mary FitzClarence ( 1798 -- 1864 )  Frederick FitzClarence ( 1799 -- 1854 )  Elizabeth FitzClarence ( 1801 -- 1856 )  Adolphus FitzClarence ( rear admiral ) ( 1802 -- 1856 ) ( no issue )  Augusta FitzClarence ( 1803 -- 1865 )  Augustus FitzClarence ( 1805 -- 1854 )  Amelia FitzClarence ( 1807 -- 1858 )  William FitzClarence , 2nd Earl of Munster ( 1824 -- 1901 )  Geoffrey FitzClarence , 3rd Earl of Munster ( 1859 -- 1902 )  Aubrey FitzClarence , 4th Earl of Munster ( 1862 -- 1928 )  Geoffrey FitzClarence , 5th Earl of Munster ( 1906 -- 1975 )  Edward FitzClarence , 6th Earl of Munster ( 1899 -- 1983 )  Anthony FitzClarence , 7th Earl of Munster ( 1926 -- 2000 )    Category : House of Hanover  Category : Noble families of the United Kingdom  Category : William IV of the United Kingdom  Category : Norman-language surnames !

neg: Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons .   The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators .   Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .

neg: Black people Black people is a term used in certain countries , often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity , to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations . As such , the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies , and depends significantly on context . For many other individuals , communities and countries , `` black '' is also perceived as a derogatory , outdated , reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label , and as a result is neither used nor defined .   Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as `` black '' , and these social constructs have also changed over time . In a number of countries , societal variables affect classification as much as skin color , and the social criteria for `` blackness '' vary . For example , in North America the term black people is not necessarily an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin , but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American , with a family history typically associated with institutionalized slavery . In the United Kingdom , `` black '' was historically equivalent with `` person of color '' , a general term for non-European peoples . In South Africa and Latin America , mixed-race people are generally not classified as `` black '' . In other regions such as Australasia , settlers applied the term `` black '' or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds .

neg: Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301) The Kingdom of Hungary came into existence in Central Europe when Stephen I , Grand Prince of the Hungarians , was crowned king in 1000 or 1001 . He reinforced central authority and forced his subjects to accept Christianity . Although written sources emphasize the role played by German and Italian knights and clerics in the process , a significant part of the Hungarian vocabulary for agriculture , religion and state was taken from Slavic languages . Civil wars and pagan uprisings , along with attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors to expand their authority over Hungary , jeopardized the new monarchy . The monarchy stabilized during the reigns of Ladislaus I ( 1077 -- 1095 ) and Coloman ( 1095 -- 1116 ) . These rulers occupied Croatia and Dalmatia with the support of a part of the local population . Both realms retained their autonomous position . The successors of Ladislaus and Coloman -- especially Béla II ( 1131 -- 1141 ) , Béla III ( 1176 -- 1196 ) , Andrew II ( 1205 -- 1235 ) , and Béla IV ( 1235 -- 1270 ) -- continued this policy of expansion towards the Balkan Peninsula and the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains , transforming their kingdom into one of the major powers of medieval Europe .   Rich in uncultivated lands , silver , gold , and salt deposits , Hungary became the preferred destination of mainly German , Italian and French colonists . These immigrants were mostly peasants who settled in villages , but craftsmen and merchants also came . Their arrival had a key role in the shaping of an urban lifestyle , habits and culture in medieval Hungary . The location of the kingdom at the crossroads of international trade routes favored the coexistence of several cultures . Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance buildings and literary works written in Latin prove the predominantly Roman Catholic character of the culture , but Orthodox , and even non-Christian ethnic minority communities also existed . Latin was the language of legislation , administration and judiciary , but `` linguistic pluralism '' contributed to the survival of many tongues , including a great variety of Slavic dialects .   The predominance of royal estates initially assured the sovereign 's preeminent position , but the alienation of royal lands gave rise to the emergence of a self-conscious group of lesser landholders , known as `` royal servants '' . They forced Andrew II to issue his Golden Bull of 1222 , `` one of first examples of constitutional limits being placed on the powers of a European monarch '' ( Francis Fukuyama ) . The kingdom received a major blow from the Mongol invasion of 1241 -- 42 . Thereafter , Cuman and Jassic groups settled in the central lowlands , and colonists arrived from Moravia , Poland and other nearby countries . The erection of fortresses by landlords , promoted by the monarchs after the withdrawal of the Mongols , led to the development of semi-autonomous `` provinces '' dominated by powerful magnates . Some of these magnates even challenged the authority of Andrew III ( 1290 -- 1301 ) , the last male descendant of the native Árpád dynasty . His death was followed by a period of interregnum and anarchy . Central power was re-established only in the early 1320s .