query: RenderMan was developed by Pixar.

pos: Pixar Pixar ( -LSB- ˈpɪksɑr -RSB- ) , also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios , is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville , California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company . Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group , part of the Lucasfilm computer division , before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986 , with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs , who became the majority shareholder . Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $ 7.4 billion , a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney 's largest single shareholder at the time . Pixar is best known for CGI-animated feature films created with RenderMan , Pixar 's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface , used to generate high-quality images .   Pixar has produced seventeen feature films , beginning with Toy Story ( 1995 ) , which was the first-ever computer-animated feature film , and its most recent being Finding Dory ( 2016 ) . All 17 of its films have debuted with CinemaScore ratings of at least an `` A − , '' indicating positive receptions with audiences . The studio has also produced several short films . , its feature films have earned approximately $ 10.8 billion at the box office worldwide , with an average worldwide gross of $ 634 million per film . Finding Dory , along with its predecessor Finding Nemo ( 2003 ) , as well as Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time , with the lattermost film being the third all-time highest-grossing animated film with a gross of $ 1.063 billion . Fourteen of Pixar 's films are also among the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time .   The studio has earned sixteen Academy Awards , seven Golden Globe Awards , and eleven Grammy Awards , among many other awards and acknowledgments . Many of Pixar 's films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature since its inauguration in 2001 , with eight winning ; this includes Finding Nemo and Toy Story 3 , along with The Incredibles ( 2004 ) , Ratatouille ( 2007 ) , WALL-E ( 2008 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , Brave ( 2012 ) , and Inside Out ( 2015 ) . Monsters , Inc. ( 2001 ) and Cars ( 2006 ) are the only two films that were nominated for the award without winning it , while Cars 2 ( 2011 ) , Monsters University ( 2013 ) , The Good Dinosaur ( 2015 ) , and Finding Dory have not been nominated . Up and Toy Story 3 were also the respective second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture , the first being Walt Disney Animation Studios ' Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) . Luxo Jr. , a character from the studio 's 1986 short film of the same name , is the studio 's mascot .   On September 6 , 2009 , Pixar executives John Lasseter , Brad Bird , Pete Docter , Andrew Stanton , and Lee Unkrich were presented with the Golden Lion award for Lifetime Achievement by the biennial Venice Film Festival . The award was presented by Lucasfilm 's founder George Lucas .

neg: LightWave 3D LightWave 3D is a 3D computer graphics software developed by NewTek . It has been used in film , television , motion graphics , digital matte painting , visual effects , video games development , product design , architectural visualizations , virtual production , music videos , pre-visualizations and advertising .

neg: DirectX Media DirectX Media is a set of multimedia-related APIs for Microsoft Windows complementing DirectX . It included DirectAnimation for 2D/3D web animation , DirectShow for multimedia playback and streaming media , DirectX Transform for web interactivity , and Direct3D Retained Mode for higher level 3D graphics . DirectShow additionally contained DirectX plugins for audio signal processing and DirectX Video Acceleration for accelerated video playback .   DirectX Media runtime components were distributed as part of Internet Explorer . DirectX Media SDK and DirectX SDK existed as two separate SDKs until DirectX 6.0 . Later on , Microsoft deprecated DirectX Media and integrated DirectShow , the key part of DirectX Media , into DirectX . As of April 2005 , DirectShow was removed from DirectX and moved to the Microsoft Platform SDK instead . DirectX is , however , still required to build the DirectShow samples . DirectShow and its components are to be gradually deprecated in favor of the newer Media Foundation .

neg: Joe Ranft Joseph Henry `` Joe '' Ranft ( March 13 , 1960 -- August 16 , 2005 ) was an American screenwriter , animator , storyboard artist , voice actor and magician who worked for Pixar Animation Studios and Disney at Walt Disney Animation Studios and Disney Television Animation . His brother , Jerome Ranft , is a sculptor who also worked on several Pixar movies .   He received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nomination as one of the writers of Toy Story ( 1995 ) , and was also co-director on Cars ( 2006 ) , his final work .

neg: Render Render , rendered , or rendering may refer to :

neg: SANDDE SANDDE is a software and hardware system , developed primarily by IMAX Corporation , designed to create hand-drawn , stereoscopic 3D animation content . SANDDE is an acronym for `` Stereoscopic ANimation Drawing DEvice '' and is a play on the Japanese term for `` 3D '' , which is pronounced `` San-D '' .   The concept of SANDDE is to enable artists to draw and animate in three-dimensional space . It is intended to be intuitively usable , like a pencil . As an art form , SANDDE incorporates aspects of drawing , painting , sculpture and puppetry . Unlike most other 3D computer graphic animation tools , SANDDE does not require the construction of mathematically defined models . The main input device is a `` wand '' which allows the user to create drawings in the air .   Animators sit in virtual stereoscopic theaters and , using a specialized `` wand , '' draw in space to create individual frames and then animate their creations using the interactive capabilities of the wand to create shots , sequences , and complete movies .   SANDDE was originally developed by IMAX in the mid-1990s , and was used to create one IMAX short ( Paint Misbehavin -LSB- 1997 -RSB- ) and portions of two other IMAX feature films : Mark Twain 3D ( 1999 ) and Cyberworld ( 2000 ) . Thereafter , IMAX stopped active development of the system but provided licenses for use and future development to the National Film Board of Canada for artistic experimentation and to Janro Imaging Laboratory to explore commercial use of the application . The former has used SANDDE in numerous stereoscopic productions including Falling in Love Again '' , Moonman , June , The Wobble Incident , Subconscious Password , and Minotaur , while the latter has licensed SANDDE for Ultimate Wave 3D and Legends of Flight , both produced by the Stephen Low Company .

neg: The Adventures of André and Wally B. The Adventures of André and Wally B. , or simply André and Wally B. , is a 1984 American animated short film produced by The Graphics Group , then a division of Lucasfilm which was later renamed Pixar before being spun off as a separate company in 1986 . The animation in the film was by John Lasseter , who was then working on his first computer animated project with Lucasfilm and as a result of the success of this project and others would become an important executive at Pixar . The animation was groundbreaking by the standards of the time and helped spark the film industry 's interest in computer animation . The film was released on July 25 , 1984 , at SIGGRAPH in Minneapolis .

neg: 3Delight 3Delight , is 3D computer graphics software that runs on Microsoft Windows , OS X and Linux . It is developed by DNA Research , commonly shortened to DNA , a subsidiary of Taarna Studios . It is a photorealistic , RenderMan-compliant offline renderer that has been used to render VFX for numerous feature films , including Chappie .

neg: Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . ''   The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements .   Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues .   Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .

neg: OpenFrameworks openFrameworks is an open source toolkit designed for `` creative coding '' . OpenFrameworks is written in C++ and built on top of OpenGL . It runs on Microsoft Windows , macOS , Linux , iOS , Android and Emscripten . It is maintained by Zachary Lieberman , Theo Watson and Arturo Castro with contributions by other members of the openFrameworks community .

neg: 3D modeling In 3D computer graphics , 3D modeling ( or three-dimensional modeling ) is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any surface of an object ( either inanimate or living ) in three dimensions via specialized software . The product is called a 3D model . It can be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena . The model can also be physically created using 3D printing devices .   Models may be created automatically or manually . The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting .   3D modeling software is a class of 3D computer graphics software used to produce 3D models . Individual programs of this class are called modeling applications or modelers .

neg: Physically based rendering Physically based rendering or PBR is a model in computer graphics that seeks to render graphics in a way that more accurately models the flow of light in the real world . Many PBR pipelines ( though not all ) have the accurate simulation of photorealism as their goal , often in real time computing .   PBR is often characterized by - but not necessarily limited to - an approximation of a real , radiometric bidirectional reflectance distribution function to govern the essential reflections of light , the use of reflection constants such as specular intensity , gloss , and metallicity derived from measurements of real-world sources , accurate modeling of global illumination in which light bounces and/or is emitted from objects other than the primary light sources , conservation of energy which balances the intensity of specular highlights with dark areas of an object , Fresnel conditions that reflect light at the sides of objects perpendicular to the viewer , and accurate modeling of roughness resulting from microsurfaces .

neg: Shark 3D Shark 3D is a 3D software program and engine developed by Spinor for creating and running interactive virtual 3D worlds . It is used for video games , films , animated series , broadcasting graphics , and 3D industry applications .   Shark 3D is mainly used for developing video games ( similar to a Game engine ) , producing films and TV series , creating broadcast graphics , and developing 3D applications .

neg: Ray Dream Studio Ray Dream Studio was a low-end 3D modeling software application . Initially developed by Ray Dream , Inc. in 1989-1991 for the Macintosh , it was acquired and upgraded over the course of mergers with Fractal Design and MetaCreations . Ray Dream was less expensive than most other offerings , renowned for its ease of use , and boasted an impressive feature set including a sophisticated shader editor . Other software programs from the same developers , such as Fractal Design Painter 3D , were often introduced in basic form to the suite . A moderately limited version lacking animation capability was sold for $ 99 as Ray Dream Designer ( later Ray Dream 3D ) , and quickly became a mass-market favorite .   The first three major revisions were very buggy . By the time of release of version 4 , in late 1995 , this had improved . In 1996 , Ray Dream was acquired by Fractal Design , and in early 1997 , Fractal Design merged with MetaTools to form MetaCreations . Versions 5.0 and 5.5 were released by MetaCreations . The software was then merged with its higher-end stepsister , Infini-D , to form Carrara , lending many user interface elements and gaining a better rendering engine . Today , Carrara is maintained by DAZ 3D .

neg: Scanline rendering Scanline rendering is an algorithm for visible surface determination , in 3D computer graphics ,  that works on a row-by-row basis rather than a polygon-by-polygon or pixel-by-pixel basis . All of the polygons to be rendered are first sorted by the top y coordinate at which they first appear , then each row or scanline of the image is computed using the intersection of a scanline with the polygons on the front of the sorted list , while the sorted list is updated to discard no-longer-visible polygons as the active scan line is advanced down the picture .   The main advantage of this method is that sorting vertices along the normal of the scanning plane reduces the number of comparisons between edges . Another advantage is that it is not necessary to translate the coordinates of all vertices from the main memory into the working memory -- only vertices defining edges that intersect the current scan line need to be in active memory , and each vertex is read in only once . The main memory is often very slow compared to the link between the central processing unit and cache memory , and thus avoiding re-accessing vertices in main memory can provide a substantial speedup .   This kind of algorithm can be easily integrated with many other graphics techniques , such as the Phong reflection model or the Z-buffer algorithm .

neg: Animation stand An animation stand is a device assembled for the filming of any kind of animation that is placed on a flat surface , including cel animation , graphic animation , clay animation , and silhouette animation .   Traditionally , the flat surface that the animation rests on is some kind of table that the animator sits at . Pegs made specifically for animation are embedded into the table , in at least two slots allowing the pegs to slide from side to side , permitting horizontal movement of images , but can also be easily fixed into position for the accurate positioning ( `` registration '' ) of the artwork .   Opposite the animator is a series of supporting arms and supports , on top of which is mounted a film or video camera , pointing down toward the artwork , which films the artwork , frame-by-frame , as it is slowly moved and changed by the operator .   The vertical positioning of the animation camera , always shooting down , is the main component that defines an animation stand , as opposed to a stop motion set-up , or other equipment arrangements for animation production .   Animation stands can be homemade , from metal or wood , such as that owned by Los Angeles animator Mike Jittlov , and still accomplish impressive animation production ; or they can be elaborate ( and expensive ) professionally made precision systems that allow for the computerised movements of both the art and the camera , as has been traditionally used by professional animation studios and special effects facilities such as the Walt Disney studio ( famous for their Multiplane camera ) and George Lucas 's Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM ) facilities .

neg: Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them .   The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film .   All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 .   The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .

neg: Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms .   Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .

neg: PHIGS PHIGS ( Programmer 's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System ) is an API standard for rendering 3D computer graphics , considered to be the 3D graphics standard for the 1980s through the early 1990s . Subsequently , a combination of features and power led to the rise of OpenGL , which became the most popular professional 3D API of the mid to late 1990s .   Large vendors typically offered versions of PHIGS for their platforms , including DEC PHIGS , IBM 's graPHIGS and Sun 's SunPHIGS . It could also used within the X Window System , supported via PEX . PEX consisted of an extension to X , adding commands that would be forwarded from the X server to the PEX system for rendering . Workstations were placed in windows typically , but could also be forwarded to take over the whole screen , or to various printer-output devices .   PHIGS was designed in the 1980s , inheriting many of its ideas from the Graphical Kernel System of the late 1970s , and became a standard by 1989 : ANSI ( ANSI X3.144-1988 ) , FIPS ( FIPS 153 ) and then ISO ( ISO/IEC 9592 and ISO/IEC 9593 ) . Due to its early gestation , the standard supports only the most basic 3D graphics , including basic geometry and meshes , and only the basic Gouraud , `` Dot '' , and Phong shading for rendering scenes . Although PHIGS ultimately expanded to contain advanced functions ( including the more accurate Phong lighting model and Data Mapping ) , other features considered standard by the mid-1990s were not supported ( notably texture mapping ) , nor were many machines of the era physically capable of optimizing it to perform in real time .

neg: IClone iClone is a real-time 3D animation and rendering software program that enables users to make 3D animated films . Real-time playback is enabled by using a 3D videogame engine for instant on-screen rendering .   Other functionality includes : full facial and skeletal animation of human and animal figures ; lip-syncing ; import of standard 3D file types including FBX ; a timeline for editing and merging motions ; a scripting language ( Lua ) for character interaction ; application of standard motion-capture files ; the ability to control an animated scene in the same manner as playing a videogame ; and the import of models from Google 3D Warehouse , among many other features . iClone is also notable for offering users royalty-free usage of all content that they create with the software , even when using Reallusion 's own assets library .   iClone is developed and marketed by Reallusion .

neg: Dolby Atmos Dolby Atmos is the name of a surround sound technology announced by Dolby Laboratories in April 2012 and released in June of the same year , first utilized in Pixar 's Brave .


query: The Homesman features at least one American actor.

pos: The Homesman The Homesman is a 2014 French-American historical period drama set in the 1850s Midwest , directed and co-produced by Tommy Lee Jones and co-written with Kieran Fitzgerald and Wesley Oliver , based on the 1988 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout . The film stars Jones and Hilary Swank and also features Meryl Streep , Hailee Steinfeld , John Lithgow , and James Spader .   The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and received a North American limited release on November 14 , 2014 by Roadside Attractions . The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics . Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating average of 7.1 / 10 .   The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home , which was typically a man 's job to carry out .

neg: Richard Hart (actor) Richard Comstock Hart ( April 14 , 1915 -- January 2 , 1951 ) was an American actor , who appeared in film and TV productions , but was most active on stage .

neg: Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .

neg: Lukas Haas Lukas Daniel Haas ( born April 16 , 1976 ) is an American actor and musician . His acting career has spanned three decades , during which he has appeared in more than 50 feature films and a number of television shows and stage productions .

neg: John Michael King John Michael King ( May 13 , 1926 -- August 17 , 2008 ) was an American actor most often associated with his roles in musical theatre .

neg: Bill Thurman Bill Thurman ( November 4 , 1920 -- April 13 , 1995 ) was an American film and television actor . From the early 1960s until his death in 1995 , he frequently appeared in B movies and independent films , often playing `` redneck types '' or sheriffs . He worked with low-budget-director Larry Buchanan on numerous films , for example In the Year 2889 and ` It 's Alive ! ' . Thurman was one of those Southern actors who were specialized in so called `` regional '' pictures , films which were made exclusively for distribution in the Southern States .   However , Thurman also appeared in two movies by Hollywood star director Steven Spielberg and played the Coach Popper , the apparently homosexual husband of Cloris Leachman , in Peter Bogdanovich 's classic The Last Picture Show ( 1971 ) . The character actor also appeared in popular television shows like Dallas and Centennial . One of his last big roles was Reverend McWiley in the horror film Mountaintop Motel Massacre ( 1986 ) .

neg: Patrick Cavanaugh Patrick Cavanaugh is an American television actor .

neg: Howard Freeman Howard Freeman ( December 9 , 1899 -- December 11 , 1967 ) was an American stage actor of the early 20th century , and film and television actor of the 1940s through the 1960s .   Freeman was born in Helena , Montana , and began working as a stage actor in his 20s . He did not enter the film industry until he was over 40 , in 1942 , when he played a small uncredited role in Inflation . Despite his late start in film acting , Freeman would build himself a fairly substantial career in that field that would last over twenty three years . From 1943 onward he worked on a regular basis , sometimes in uncredited roles , but more often than not in small but credited bit or supporting parts . He appeared in ten films in 1943 , and another eighteen from 1944 through 1945 . In 1946 Freeman would appear in twelve films , the most notable of which was his first film of that year , Abilene Town , starring Randolph Scott and Lloyd Bridges , and California , starring Barbara Stanwyck and Ray Milland .   From 1947 through 1950 Freeman appeared in twenty films , and in 1951 he began appearing on numerous television series , which would be his main acting roles for the remainder of his career , lasting into 1965 . He appeared in three episodes of Studio One , along with many other TV series , including Car 54 , Where Are You ? and Route 66 . He retired from film and television acting in 1965 , and settled into retirement in New York City , where he was living at the time of his death on December 11 , 1967 .

neg: Glenn Wrage Glenn Wrage is an American actor and voice actor who has performed numerous roles in television , film , video games .

neg: Into the West (miniseries) Into the West is a 2005 miniseries produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks , with six two-hour episodes ( including commercials ) . The series was first broadcast in the U.S. on Turner Network Television ( TNT ) on six Fridays starting on June 10 , 2005 . It was also shown in the UK on BBC2 and BBC HD from November 4 , 2006 , and in Canada on CBC Television . The series also aired in the U.S. on AMC during the summer ( June/July ) and fall ( autumn , September/October ) of 2012 .   The miniseries begins in the 1820s and is told mainly through the third person narration of Jacob Wheeler ( Matthew Settle ) and Loved By the Buffalo ( Joseph M. Marshall III ) , although episodes outside the direct observation of both protagonists are also shown . The plot follows the story of two families , one white American , one Native American , as their lives become mingled through the momentous events of American expansion . The story intertwines real and fictional characters and events spanning the period of expansion of the United States in the American West , from 1825 to 1890 .   The show has a large cast , with about 250 speaking parts . The series features well known performers including Josh Brolin , Gary Busey , Michael Spears , Tonantzin Carmelo , Skeet Ulrich , Garrett Wang , Steve Reevis , Rachael Leigh Cook , Wes Studi , Irene Bedard , Alan Tudyk , Christian Kane , Russell Means , Jay Tavare , David Midthunder , Keri Russell , Graham Greene , Zahn McClarnon , Tom Berenger , Gil Birmingham , David Paymer , Raoul Trujillo , Eric Schweig , Lance Henriksen , Simon R. Baker , Tyler Christopher , Tatanka Means , Tokala Clifford , Gordon Tootoosis , Sheila Tousey , and Will Patton .   It was filmed in Drumheller , Alberta and Santa Fe , New Mexico .

neg: Willard Waterman Willard Lewis Waterman ( August 29 , 1914 , Madison , Wisconsin -- February 2 , 1995 , Burlingame , California ) was a character actor in films , TV and on radio , remembered best for succeeding Harold Peary as the title character of The Great Gildersleeve at the height of that show 's popularity .

neg: Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .

neg: Peter Greene Peter Greene ( born Peter Green ; October 8 , 1965 ) is an American character actor , generally known for playing villains .

neg: Earl Hammond Earl Hammond ( June 16 , 1921 -- May 1 , 2002 ) was an American theater , radio , film and television actor , and , in his later years , a voice actor for several animated films and TV series .

neg: William O'Connell (actor) William O'Connell ( born William L. O'Connell Jr. on August 20 , 1933 ) is an American film and television actor .

neg: Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .

neg: Wings Hauser Wings Hauser ( born December 12 , 1947 ) is an American actor , director , and film writer .

neg: R. Lee Ermey Ronald Lee Ermey ( born March 24 , 1944 ) , known professionally as R. Lee Ermey , is an American actor , best known for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Full Metal Jacket , which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He is a former United States Marine Corps staff sergeant and an honorary gunnery sergeant ; during his tenure in the U.S. Marine Corps , he served as a drill instructor .   Ermey has often been typecast in authority figure roles , such as Mayor Tilman in the film Mississippi Burning , Bill Bowerman in Prefontaine , Sheriff Hoyt in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake , Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Stanley Kubrick 's Full Metal Jacket , Jimmy Lee Farnsworth in Fletch Lives , a police captain in Se7en , plastic army men leader Sarge in the Toy Story films , Lt. `` Tice '' Ryan in Rocket Power , the warden in SpongeBob SquarePants , and John House , Gregory House 's father in House .   Ermey has hosted two programs on the History Channel : Mail Call , in which he answered viewers ' questions about various military issues both modern and historic ; and Lock N ' Load with R. Lee Ermey , which concerned the development of different types of weapons . He also hosted Gunny Time on the Outdoor channel .

neg: The Homestretch The Homestretch is a 1947 American drama film directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and written by Wanda Tuchock . The film stars Cornel Wilde , Maureen O'Hara , Glenn Langan , Helen Walker , James Gleason , Henry Stephenson and Margaret Bannerman . The film was released on May 4 , 1947 , by 20th Century Fox .

neg: Harvey Friedman (actor) Harvey Friedman ( born 1959 ) , sometimes credited as Harvey Friedmann , is an American film , television and theatre actor .

neg: Charlie Tahan Charles `` Charlie '' Tahan ( born June 11 , 1998 ) is an American actor .


query: Peter Cetera was an artist.

pos: Peter Cetera Peter Paul Cetera ( -LSB- səˈtɛrə -RSB- ; born September 13 , 1944 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and bassist best known for being an original member of the rock band Chicago ( 1967 -- 1985 ) , before launching a successful solo career . His career as a recording artist encompasses seventeen albums with Chicago and eight solo albums .   With `` If You Leave Me Now , '' a song written and sung by Cetera on the group 's tenth album , Chicago garnered its first Grammy Award . It was also the group 's first number one single .   As a solo artist , Cetera has scored six Top 40 singles , including two that reached number one on -LSB- -LSB- Billboard Hot 100 | Billboard '' 's Hot 100 -RSB- -RSB- chart in 1986 , `` Glory of Love '' and `` The Next Time I Fall . '' `` Glory of Love , '' the theme song from the film , The Karate Kid Part II '' , was co-written by Cetera , David Foster and Diane Nini , and was nominated for both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for best original song from a motion picture . In 1987 he received an ASCAP award for `` Glory of Love '' in the category , `` Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures . '' His performance on `` Glory of Love '' was nominated for a Grammy Award for best pop male vocal . That same year Cetera and Amy Grant , who duetted on `` The Next Time I Fall , '' were nominated for a Grammy Award for best vocal performance by a pop duo or group .   Besides David Foster and Amy Grant , Cetera has collaborated throughout his career with other nationally known and internationally known recording artists from various genres of music including : The Beach Boys , Billy Joel , Karen Carpenter , Paul Anka , Agnetha Fältskog , Richard Sterban , Bonnie Raitt , Madonna , David Gilmour , Az Yet , Cher , Chaka Khan , Crystal Bernard , Ronna Reeves , and Alison Krauss . His songs have been featured in soundtracks for movies and television .   In 2014 , the first album by the group Chicago , Chicago Transit Authority ( Columbia , 1969 ) , with Cetera on bass and vocals , was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame . Cetera was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Chicago in April 2016 , and Cetera , Robert Lamm , and James Pankow are among the 2017 Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees for their songwriting efforts as members of the group .

neg: Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . ''   A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) .   The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School .   In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) .   The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .

neg: Where Do We Go from Here (Chicago song) `` Where Do We Go from Here '' is a song from the American rock band Chicago 's second studio album , Chicago II ( 1970 ) . It was released as the B-side to the single `` 25 or 6 to 4 '' , one of the leading songs off of the record . With that single , it went to number four on the Pop Singles chart in June 1970 .   The song was also the very first musical composition from bassist Peter Cetera , who was by this time contributing more than on the debut album released the year before . The song deals with how life is short , and that if you look around you can see that people need to embrace each other with love all the time , and not just when the country is at an all-time low ( hence the Vietnam War ) . The title line is taken from a TV reporter 's comment during the broadcast of the 1969 moon landing -- a historically positive event in stark contrast to the social upheavel on Earth at the time .   A live performance of the song can be found on their 1971 Chicago at Carnegie Hall album .

neg: Patronaat Patronaat is one of the 10 largest alternative pop music halls in the Netherlands and was established in 1984 . It is located at the Zijlsingel in Haarlem , near the city center .   In 2003 the old building was replaced with a brand new concert hall , which was being used for the first time in 2005 . Between September 2003 until May 2005 a temporary location at the Oostvest functioned as Haarlem 's concert hall .   The new building was designed by architect Paul Diederen of the architecture firm Diederen Dirriox Architecten of Eindhoven . The building 's capacity was significantly increased with a large hall for 1000 visitors , a second one for some 350 guests and a music bar for 100 people , which has live music three days in the week , free of admission . A total of 500 events is organised every year , for some 140.000 people .   With a strong program and a character of its own Patronaat provides progressive pop music and meets the wishes of its catchment . Over the years artists like Willy DeVille , Solomon Burke , Tori Amos , Dick Dale , Herman Brood , Living Colour , Bo Diddley , dEUS , Zita Swoon , Gabriel Rios , Rickie Lee Jones , The Gutter Twins , Steve Lukather , José Feliciano , Babyshambles , Calexico , Michael Franti & Spearhead , but also heavy acts like Limp Bizkit , Anthrax , The Bloodhound Gang , Marillion , The Misfits , Danko Jones , Soulfly , Therapy ? , New Model Army , Y&T , Neurosis , Cradle of Filth , Obituary , D.R.I. , Helmet , Dimmu Borgir and Deicide , as well as large names in the electronic music world like Paul Kalkbrenner , Dave Clarke , Knife Party , Steve Aoki , Modeselektor , Jeff Mills , James Holden , DJ Hell , Orbital , Leftfield , Battles , Pendulum , Chase & Status , Nero , Camo & Krooked , Andy C , Sub Focus , Aphrodite , Ed Rush , Benga , Skream , Caspa and Rusko have found their way to the Haarlem venue .

neg: Falling Out (Peter Bjorn and John album) Falling Out is the second album by Peter Bjorn and John , released on October 4 , 2004 . While no videos were released , three singles were derived from the album ; the promo-only single for Tailormade and full releases for Teen Love and It Beats Me Every Time .   The last track on the album , ` Goodbye Again , Or ... ' is of very low quality in all formats , due to the only recording of the song coming from lead singer and guitarist Peter Moren 's mobile phone - added to the album on the last day before mastering . During the tour for his first solo album The Last Tycoon , Moren has performed the song acoustically in an extended form featuring a harmonica solo .   Wichita Recordings , responsible for later re-releases of the band 's early work , later re-released this album with bonus tracks taken from the singles derived from the album , in the same manner as their debut work . The bonus tracks on this re-release included the extra tracks from the ` Beats , Traps & Backgrounds ' EP and ` Fortune Favours Only The Brave ' , from the ` Teen Love ' single .   The single covers are notable for being composed entirely of text in the same font as that on the monochrome album art , which itself is a homage to The Velvet Underground 's third , self-titled album . The all-text theme carried over into the band 's live shows , with the backdrop printed with the word ` Backdrop ' repeating endlessly over it , and the amplifiers decorated in the same manner .

neg: Peter Criss (album) Peter Criss is a 1978 solo album by Peter Criss , the drummer of American hard rock band Kiss . It was one of four solo albums released by the members of Kiss on September 18 , 1978 . The album was produced by Vini Poncia , who went on to produce the Kiss albums Dynasty ( 1979 ) and Unmasked ( 1980 ) . Criss covered `` Tossin ' and Turnin ' '' , which was a # 1 hit for Bobby Lewis in the U.S. during the summer of 1961 . The song was subsequently covered by Kiss on their 1979 tour .

neg: Saint Peter and Saint Paul (El Greco) Saint Peter and Saint Paul is a painting by the Cretan-Spanish artist El Greco . The work was completed between 1590 and 1600 . It is currently on display at the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya , who purchased the work in 1932 .

neg: Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term .   The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective .   Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .

neg: Prime version In the art world the prime version of a work of art which exists in a number of versions is the version which is known or believed to have been the first to be produced . Many artworks produced in media such as painting or carved sculpture which create unique objects are in fact repeated by their artists , often several times . It is regarded as a matter of some importance both by art historians and the art market to establish which version has `` priority '' , that is to say was the original work . The presumption usually is that the prime version is the finest , and perhaps the most carefully done , though some later versions can be argued to improve on the originals . In many periods the later `` repetitions '' were often produced by the workshop of the master , with varying degrees of supervision and direct attention from him . This was especially the case with official portraits of monarchs and politicians , which in the Early Modern period were often ordered in large numbers of versions from the court artist as diplomatic gifts .

neg: You Just Gotta Love Christmas You Just Got ta Love Christmas ( 2004 ) is the eighth solo album by music artist Peter Cetera his seventh since leaving the group Chicago , and his first Christmas album . This album also is a bit of a family affair for Cetera as his youngest daughter Senna did some artwork for the album while his oldest daughter Claire performs with him on `` Blue Christmas '' and `` Winter Wonderland . '' Alison Krauss also performs with Cetera on `` Deck the Halls '' .

neg: Peter Sís Peter Sís ( born May 11 , 1949 ) is a Czech-born American illustrator and writer of children 's books . As a cartoonist his editorial illustrations have appeared in Time , Newsweek , Esquire , and The Atlantic Monthly . For his `` lasting contribution '' as a children 's illustrator he received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2012 .

neg: Peter Corry Peter Corry is a Northern Irish singer , director , producer and actor .   As a performer Corry has been cast in productions of Cosi fan tutte , as Guglielmo , The Marriage of Figaro as Figaro , Sweeney in `` Sweeney Todd , the Demon Barbour of Fleet Street '' Andrew in `` On Eagles Wing '' , Jamie in `` The Last 5 Years '' , Anatoly in `` Chess '' , in The Beggars Opera he played Captain Macheath and Ignati in `` The Crocodile '' .  He performed as Dean Martin in The Rat Pack , starred in Night of 1,000 Stars at the Royal Albert Hall and performed in The Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber .   He sang `` Bring Him Home '' and `` The Long and Winding Road '' at George Best 's funeral .  In 2006 , he featured in Washington on St Patrick 's Day and performed at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas , Nevada .   Corry tours The Netherlands regularly . His shows there have included `` The Magical Rhythms of Ireland '' , `` Celtic Rhythms '' `` Irish Christmas '' and `` Peter Corry in Concert '' .   He spent three years playing Inspector Javert , in the West End , and the UK tour of the Schonberg and Boubil 's , Les Misérables .   Corry has presented his own TV series , The Peter Corry Show with BBC Northern Ireland and has hosted several radio series for BBC Radio Ulster including two series of `` Showtunes '' .   He starred in `` On Eagles Wing '' for PBS Television USA and `` The Voice Within - Songs of Hope '' RTE Television . He acted as a mentor in `` Jam the Musical '' for RTE Television .   He produced Les Misérables at Belfast 's Odyssey Arena , at the time the largest production to be staged .  Corry 's production company , ` PC Productions '' also staged `` One Enchanted Evening '' and `` The Night of 1000 Voices '' at the Odyssey Arena starring David Essex , the cast of `` Riverdance '' and Sir James Galway .  PC Productions produced the `` Making a Difference '' Awards for the Belfast Telegraph and the `` 40 years Celebration of Mary Peters '' both at the Grand Opera House Belfast . The latter featured among others Sir Steve Redgrave , Dame Kelly Holmes , Daley Thompson , Jane Torvill , Sue Barker , Eamonn Holmes , Barry Douglas and Van Morrison .  In 2016 he produced `` The Red Velvet Cabaret '' tour and `` Twilight at the Trust '' at Mount Stewart stately home Northern Ireland .   He has directed productions of `` Annie Get Your Gun '' , `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' , `` Oklahoma ! '' . A USA tour of `` Celtic Rhythms '' and European tours of `` Irish Wings '' and `` The Magic of the Tenors '' .  In 2014 he staged a new show called `` Spectacular , Spectacular '' which toured Ireland .   He has also directed youth productions of `` The Producers '' , `` Oklahoma ! '' and `` Les Miserables '' . At the Edinburgh Playhouse he directed `` Into the Woods '' and `` Oliver ! '' as well as Perform Boot Camps production of `` Cats '' at the SSE Arena Belfast .   Since 2009 he has produced , directed and hosted the popular Belfast Christmas Spectacular `` The Music Box '' ( 2009-2016 )   Peter Corry has recorded 11 solo albums and 4 production albums .   Discography   Peter Corry in Concert  Lullaby  My Heart Goes On  My Lagan Love  Broadway and Beyond  Irish Night  My Christmas Your Christmas  Sounds of the Soul  Peter Corry Keeping the Dream Alive  Ellis Island  Here Stands a Man   Show Albums   The Voice Within  On Eagles Wing  Celtic Rhythms  Celtic Nights

neg: Conceptual art Conceptual art , sometimes simply called conceptualism , is art in which the concept ( s ) or idea ( s ) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic , technical , and material concerns . Some works of conceptual art , sometimes called installations , may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions . This method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt 's definition of Conceptual art , one of the first to appear in print :   Tony Godfrey , author of Conceptual Art ( Art & Ideas ) ( 1998 ) , asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art , a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal , early manifesto of conceptual art , `` Art after Philosophy '' ( 1969 ) . The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the influential art critic Clement Greenberg 's vision of Modern art during the 1950s . With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s , however , conceptual artists such as Joseph Kosuth , Lawrence Weiner and the English Art & Language group began a far more radical interrogation of art than was previously possible ( see below ) . One of the first and most important things they questioned was the common assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects .   Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s , in popular usage , particularly in the UK , `` conceptual art '' came to denote all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture . It could be said that one of the reasons why the term `` conceptual art '' has come to be associated with various contemporary practices far removed from its original aims and forms lies in the problem of defining the term itself . As the artist Mel Bochner suggested as early as 1970 , in explaining why he does not like the epithet `` conceptual '' , it is not always entirely clear what `` concept '' refers to , and it runs the risk of being confused with `` intention . '' Thus , in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as `` conceptual '' with an artist 's `` intention . ''

neg: Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop 's Grounds is an 1823 painting by the nineteenth-century landscape painter John Constable ( 1776 -- 1837 ) . This image of Salisbury Cathedral , one of England 's most famous medieval churches , is one of his most celebrated works , and was commissioned by one of his closest friends , John Fisher , The Bishop of Salisbury .   Constable visited Salisbury in 1820 and made a series of oil sketches of the cathedral , which served as the model for this composition . The artist selected a viewpoint from the bishop 's garden and included figures of Dr. Fisher and his wife at the bottom left . Following its exhibition at the 1823 Royal Academy , Constable observed : `` My Cathedral looks very well ... It was the most difficult subject in Landscape I ever had upon my Easel . I have not flinched at the work of the windows , buttresses , & c. - but I have as usual made my escape in the Evanescence of the Chiaro-Oscuro '' . His patron took exception to the dark cloud over the cathedral , and when he commissioned a smaller replica , requested `` a more serene sky '' .   The painting embodies the full range of qualities of a quintessentially British landscape painting -- the clouds , trees , a water meadow , cattle drinking at the edge of the pasture and the glorious architecture of a medieval cathedral -- but all on a human scale . Paintings like this one have so conditioned our view of rural Britain that it is now difficult to imagine a time when the countryside and country life were not held in such high regard .   A version of the painting also resides at the Frick Collection in New York City . It is slightly different in that it shows different weather and hence light . Whereas the London version depicts the cathedral with an overcast sky , the version in the Frick shows the cathedral with a clear , bright sky .   A small version of the painting resides at the Huntington Library in San Marino , California . John Fisher gave it to his daughter as a wedding present .   There is an earlier , homonymous version ( 1821-1822 ) of this painting at São Paulo Museum of Art in São Paulo . It is said that Fisher , seeing its sombre and grave colors , disliked it and asked for a happier , lighter one .

neg: Harry Wingfield John Henry `` Harry '' Wingfield ( 4 December 1910 -- 5 March 2002 ) was an English illustrator , best known for his drawings that illustrated the Ladybird Books Key Words Reading Scheme ( also known as Peter and Jane ) in the 1960s through to the 1980s ,  which sold over 80 million copies worldwide .   Wingfield was born in Denby , near Derby , the son of a blastfurnace man . He grew up in Manchester and Derbyshire . Hoping to become an engineer , he failed to obtain an apprenticeship to Rolls Royce because of his stammer , he started his first job , in an advertising agency in Derby , aged 16 , and then worked in Walsall and Birmingham . He took evening classes in drawing , where he met his wife , Ethel and he served in the RAF in the Second World War as a driver in the RAF regiment . Based in the Azores he painted camouflage but also gained a reputation for painting portraits of colleagues and family members . He worked as a graphic designer when he returned to England before working as a freelance illustrator for Ladybird in the 1950s .   His watercolours , along with those of Martin Aitchison , provided strong images to accompany the simple text devised by William Murray . Wingfield 's wife Ethel , as an expert in early learning , was a significant collaborator . His best-known work accompanied books in the Key Words Reading Scheme brought out by Ladybird as competition to the American Janet and John books . They conformed to stereotypes , with neat , obedient children ; Peter helping Daddy with the car or in the garden , and Jane helping Mummy in the kitchen . They featured images initially based on photography of families on new council estates of the period , a market they targeted with phenomenal success .   Within a few years , new lifestyles meant that Wingfield 's images were looking out of date , so he modernised the illustrations in the 1970s . The children became scruffier , and the domestic settings changed , though the books never truly reflected the social changes of the period .   Wingfield remained a freelance for most of his life and in 1989 , Ladybird returned a catalogue of around 600 original pictures to him , some of which were sold at exhibition , but many of which he retained . He lived modestly , and after retirement continued to live in the house in Little Aston , near Walsall , where he had spent his working life as an artist .   Exhibitions of Wingfield 's pictures were held in Walsall in 2002 and 2003 and across the UK , organised by Ladybird enthusiasts including the writer Cressida Connolly . His works , along with the books , have increased in value in recent years as Ladybird books and their accompanying illustrations have become more fashionable and therefore more collectable .   In late 2014 Ladybird books received major UK media coverage with the release of an iconic ` covers ' collection to celebrate their 100th anniversary . Many of Harry Wingfield 's illustrations were reproduced in the UK media as part of that announcement .

neg: Pedro Bell Pedro Bell is an American artist and illustrator . He is best known for his elaborate cover designs and other artwork for numerous Funkadelic and George Clinton solo albums . Pedro 's dual conceptuality as a writer heavily contributed to P - Funk 's literary mythology -- a sampling of his contributions include `` Thumpasaurus , '' `` Funkapus , '' `` Queen Freakalene , '' `` Bop Gun , '' and `` Zone of Zero Funkativity . ''   According to his biography via George Clinton 's official website , Bell 's `` stream-of-contagion text rewrote the whole game . He single-handedly defined the P-Funk collective as sci-fi superheroes fighting the ills of the heart , society , and the cosmos ... As much as Clinton 's lyrics , Pedro Bell 's crazoid words created the mythos of the band and bonded the audience together . ''   Bell , as an `` untrained '' artist , created album artwork and liner notes that created discourses that were important to black people in the U.S. during the 1970s . Whether in his use of puns , hypersexual characters , Bell created conceptual art that produced alternative ways of envisioning the ways in which black people in the U.S. saw themselves , as well as spoke about themselves .

neg: Enrico Cecchetti Enrico Cecchetti ( -LSB- enˈriko tʃekˈketti -RSB- ; 21 June 1850 in Rome -- 13 November 1928 in Milan ) was an Italian ballet dancer , mime , and founder of the Cecchetti method . The son of two dancers from Civitanova Marche , he was born in the costuming room of the Teatro Tordinona in Rome . After an illustrious career as a dancer in Europe , he went to dance for the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg , Russia , where he further honed his skills . Cecchetti was praised for his agility and strength in his performances , as well as his technical abilities in dance . By 1888 , he was widely accepted as the greatest ballet virtuoso in the world .   After an esteemed career in Russia , originating such roles as both the Bluebird and Carabosse in Petipa 's masterpiece , The Sleeping Beauty , he turned to teaching . Some of his students included other notable dancers of the Imperial Ballet , such as : Anna Pavlova , Léonide Massine , and Vaslav Nijinsky . He also restaged many ballets , including Petipa 's definitive version of Coppélia in 1894 , from which nearly all modern versions of the work are based . ( This version was notated in the early 20th century , and is today part of the Sergeyev Collection ) . While teaching a class , Cecchetti collapsed and he died the following day , 13 November 1928 .   Changes to the choreography of the male variations featured in the works of the Imperial Ballet 's repertory . In 1890 , Cecchetti performed in the ground-breaking production of The Sleeping Beauty , where his performance as the Bluebird caused a sensation in the audience at the Mariinsky Theatre . The choreography of the Bluebird has challenged male dancers even to the present day .   Cecchetti left the Imperial ballet in 1902 to accept the directorship of the Imperial Ballet School in Warsaw , Poland , then part of the Russian Empire . His farewell gala at the Mariinsky Theatre featured all of the leading ballerinas of the day , many of whom were his students . In order to have everyone pay him homage , the Paquita Grand pas classique was performed , with the inclusion of the favorite solos of all of the participating ballerinas . This led to the tradition of including a long suite of variations for several ballerinas .   In 1919 Cecchetti performed at the inaugural performance of the ballet , La Boutique fantasque , in London , appearing in the role of the shopkeeper .

neg: Religious image A religious image is a work of visual art that is representational and has a religious purpose , subject or connection . All major historical religions have made some use of religious images , although their use is strictly controlled and often controversial in many religions , especially Abrahamic ones . General terms associated with religious images include cult image , a term for images , especially in sculpture which are or have been claimed to be the object of religious worship in their own right , and icon strictly a term for Eastern Orthodox religious images , but often used more widely , in and outside the area of religion .

neg: Pietro Pezzati (artist) Pietro Pezzati ( 1828 -- 1890 ) was an Italian painter .   Born in Tuscany , he was a resident of Livorno . He exhibited at the Promotrice of Florence : Il mio diletto a me ed io a lui and a Holy Family . In 1886 , at the Exhibition of Livorno , he displayed another depicting : '' Virgin and Child ' . Pezzati mainly painted sacred subjects .   He painted the altarpiece of San Giovanni Gualberto in prayer visited by the Divine Light ( 1856 ) found in the Chapel of San Giovanni Gualberto located near Tavarnelle Val di Pesa . Peter S. Pezzati ( 1902 -- 1993 ) was an American painter base in Boston . He painted the `` Sacra Famiglia '' in the Chiesa Di Sant ` agostino in Tuscany .

neg: Cuban art Cuban art is an exceptionally diverse cultural blend of African , South American , European and North American elements , reflecting the diverse demographic makeup of the island . Cuban artists embraced European modernism , and the early part of the 20th century saw a growth in Cuban vanguardist movements , which were characterized by the mixing of modern artistic genres . Some of the more celebrated 20th-century Cuban artists include Amelia Peláez ( 1896 -- 1968 ) , best known for a series of mural projects , and painter Wifredo Lam ( Dec 8,1902 -- September 11 , 1982 ) , who created a highly personal version of modern primitivism . The Cuban born painter Federico Beltran Masses ( 1885-1949 ) , was renowned as a colourist whose seductive portrayals of women sometimes made overt references to the tropical settings of his childhood .   Better known internationally is the work of photographer Alberto Korda , whose photographs following the early days of the Cuban Revolution included a picture of Che Guevara which was to become one of the most recognizable images of the 20th century .   There is a flourishing street art movement influenced by Latin American artists José Guadalupe Posada and the muralist Diego Rivera .   After the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , some artists felt it was in their best interests to leave Cuba and produce their art , while others stayed behind , either happy or merely content to be creating art in Cuba , which was sponsored by the government . Because it was state sponsored , an implied censorship occurred , since artists would n't want to make art that was against the revolutionary movement as that was the source of their funding . It was during the 1980s in which art began to reflect true uninfluenced expression . The `` rebirth '' of expression in Cuban art was greatly affected by the emergence of a new generation of Cuban , which did not remember the revolution directly .   In 1981 Cubans saw the introduction of `` Volumen Uno '' , a series of one man exhibitions featuring contemporary Cuban artists . Three years later , the introduction of the `` Havana Bienal '' assisted in the further progression of the liberation of art and free speech therein .

neg: Peter Keys Peter Pisarczyk ( born May 30 , 1965 ) , better known as Peter Keys is an American keyboardist . He is best known for his work with George Clinton in various P-Funk line-ups and as a member of Lynyrd Skynyrd since 2009 .