query: Little Boy failed to ever be dropped.

pos: Little Boy `` Little Boy '' was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress Enola Gay , piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets , Jr. , commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces . It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare . The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history , after the Trinity test , and the first uranium-based detonation . It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 ktonTNT . The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants .   Little Boy was developed by Lieutenant Commander Francis Birch 's group of Captain William S. Parsons 's Ordnance ( O ) Division at the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II . Parsons flew on the Hiroshima mission as weaponeer . The Little Boy was a development of the unsuccessful Thin Man nuclear bomb . Like Thin Man , it was a gun-type fission weapon , but derived its explosive power from the nuclear fission of uranium-235 . This was accomplished by shooting a hollow cylinder of enriched uranium ( the `` bullet '' ) onto a solid cylinder of the same material ( the `` target '' ) by means of a charge of nitrocellulose propellant powder . It contained 64 kg of enriched uranium , of which less than a kilogram underwent nuclear fission . Its components were fabricated at three different plants so that no one would have a copy of the complete design .   After the war ended , it was not expected that the inefficient Little Boy design would ever again be required , and many plans and diagrams were destroyed , but by mid-1946 the Hanford Site reactors were suffering badly from the Wigner effect , so six Little Boy assemblies were produced at Sandia Base . The Navy Bureau of Ordnance built another 25 Little Boy assemblies in 1947 for use by the Lockheed P2V Neptune nuclear strike aircraft ( which could be launched from but not land on the Midway-class aircraft carriers ) . All the Little Boy units were withdrawn from service by the end of January 1951 .

neg: Bad egg Bad egg is a children 's playground ball game played in Great Britain and other countries .   One player is chosen as the ` Bad Egg ' and turns their back to the other players . ` Bad Egg ' then asks the others to each name something from a particular group ( for example , each player is to name a colour , or a sports team , etc. ) . Once each player has answered , the ` Bad Egg ' throws a tennis ball over their shoulder , and shouts out one of the answers that had been given by the other players . All players , except ` Bad Egg ' , run in different directions and the person whose answer was shouted out has to run after the ball , and calls `` stop '' when they retrieve it .   On hearing the word `` stop , '' all players , including the one who went after the ball , remain stationary . All players , except the one with the ball , stand with their legs apart . The player with the ball then attempts to roll it under the legs of one of the other players . If successful , that player becomes ` Bad Egg ' . If unsuccessful , the player who retrieved the ball becomes ` Bad Egg ' .

neg: Weightlifting at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 85 kg The boys ' 85 kg weightlifting event was the fifth men 's event at the weightlifting competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics , with competitors up to85kg . The whole competition took place on August 18 at 18:00 .   Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts , with the final score being the sum of the lifter 's best result in each . The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts ; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted .

neg: Wishbone (TV series) Wishbone is a half-hour live-action children 's television show that was produced from 1995 to 1998 and broadcast on PBS Kids . The show 's title character is a Jack Russell Terrier . Wishbone lives with his owner Joe Talbot in the fictional town of Oakdale , Texas . He daydreams about being the lead character of stories from classic literature . He was known as `` the little dog with a big imagination '' . Only the viewers and the characters in his daydreams can hear Wishbone speak . The characters from his daydreams see Wishbone as whichever famous character he is currently portraying and not as a dog . The show won four Daytime Emmys , a Peabody Award , and honors from the Television Critics Association . Wishbone '' 's exterior shots were filmed on the backlot of Lyrick Studios 's teen division Big Feats ! Entertainment in Allen , Texas , and its interior shots were filmed on a sound stage in a 50,000 square foot warehouse in Plano , Texas . Additional scenes were filmed in Grapevine , Texas .   This show garnered particular praise for refusing to bowdlerize many of the sadder or more unpleasant aspects of the source works , which usually enjoyed a fairly faithful retelling in the fantasy sequences .   The show also inspired several book series . Altogether , there are more than fifty books featuring Wishbone , which were published even after the TV series ended production . Reruns of the show continued to air on some PBS affiliates until early 2008 . In 2006 , when a PBS Kids Go ! digital channel was announced , PBS planned to air Wishbone on the channel . However , when the digital channel was canceled , Wishbone returned in reruns on the PBS national program service . Wishbone clips came to the PBS Kids Go ! website . The return to PBS lasted a short time , though some PBS affiliates continued to air Wishbone '' until their license to do so ran out . The show continued to air in reruns until August 31 , 2001 . The Show was replaced on the PBS Kids schedule on September 3 , 2001 by Sagwa The Chinese Siamese Cat .

neg: Spud (game) Spud is a game for children and adults , where players try to eliminate each other by catching and throwing an inflated and generally soft ball . It is related to `` call ball '' and `` ball tag '' .   As few as three may play , with no upper limit . A large , open area is required . The game begins with each player being assigned a number , in secret , with the highest number corresponding to the number of players . For example , if 5 people are playing , each player will be assigned one of the numbers 1 through 5 . A player is chosen as ` It . ' The person who is It stands in the approximate center of the playing area , with one foot in front of the other . All of the other players must then touch one of their feet to its inward foot , and then step backwards 3 paces . This 3-step-backward set-up is required . When all of the players have stepped backward 3 paces , the person who is It throws the ball straight into the air and calls the number of another player . The ball must be thrown straight up .   When the ball is thrown skyward , all of the players then dash away until the player whose number is called both ( 1 ) gains possession of the ball ; and ( 2 ) calls out ` Spud ! ' At that point , all of the players must freeze . If , while they were running , they were unable to stop immediately , those players must retrace their steps and return to the point that they were in contact with when Spud ! was called . In no event may any of the players run around corners or hide behind trees . In all instances , they must be in sight of the player who has gained possession of the ball . At this point , the player who has the ball is allowed to take an identified number of giant steps toward one or more of the other players . Smaller , younger , or older players may be given the option of taking more steps . After the steps are taken , the person with the ball will try to hit one of the other players with the ball . The target player may not move his or her feet or duck , but may sway , bend , shimmy , and shift .   If the target player comes into contact with the thrown ball in any way ( unless he or she catches the ball ) , he or she is penalized with one letter ( i.e. , S P U or D ) , and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . If the target player does not come into contact with the thrown ball or the target player catches the ball , the player who threw the ball is penalized with one letter , and then is charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round .   When a player receives four penalty letters ( S P U D ) , that person is required to go through a spanking machine , and a new game is begun . For another variation , a player who receives four Penalty letters is simply removed from the game , and the other players continue playing with their original penalty letters in place . When there are only 2 players left playing under this variation , there are two ways for the game to end . First , both players can be declared victors . Second , one of the removed players throws the ball into the air for the final round .   In another variation , the highest of the secretly-assigned numbers is 2 greater than the number of players . In this version , the 2 secretly unassigned numbers are referred to as ` ghost numbers . ' If the player throwing the ball into the air calls a ghost number , all players will then chase after the ball and try to touch it . The last player to touch the ball is penalized with one letter and is then charged with throwing the ball into the air for the next round . While kicking the ball is permitted , players may not kick the ball if it is within 3 feet of another player ( for purposes of safety ) . In this instance , the player may simply touch or punch the ball with another part of the body besides his or her feet . In this version , when a player is removed , his or her number also becomes a ghost number . In all instances , a player who wants to call a ghost number must throw the ball sufficiently high and in the air to remove any advantage that he or she would otherwise have .

neg: Airmanship Airmanship is skill and knowledge applied to aerial navigation , similar to seamanship in maritime navigation . Airmanship covers a broad range of desirable behaviors and abilities in an aviator . It is not simply a measure of skill or technique , but also a measure of a pilot 's awareness of the aircraft , the environment in which it operates , and of his own capabilities .   Airmanship can be defined as :  A sound acquaintance with the principles of flight ,  The ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air , and  The exercise of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency .   The three fundamental principles of expert airmanship are skill , proficiency , and the discipline to apply them in a safe and efficient manner .  Discipline is the foundation of airmanship .  The complexity of the aviation environment demands a foundation of solid airmanship , and a healthy , positive approach to combating pilot error .   The actions of Captain Alfred C. Haynes and the crew of United Airlines Flight 232 are often cited as an exemplar of good airmanship . They were able to maintain control of their crippled McDonnell Douglas DC-10 , bringing it to a survivable `` controlled crash '' in Sioux City , Iowa , after a complete loss of all flight controls following an engine failure in July 1989 . They did this by improvising a control scheme on the spot using differential thrust on the two working engines . Captain Haynes credited his Crew Resource Management training as one of the key factors that saved his own life , and many others .   The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board occasionally cites poor airmanship as a contributing factor in its determination of probable cause in aviation accidents , although it is implicit in many of the pilot error causes it often uses . For example , in its report on the December 1 , 1993 fatal crash of Northwest Airlink Flight 5719 , the Board determined the `` failure of the company management to adequately address the previously identified deficiencies in airmanship '' was a contributing factor .  More recently , in the February 2 , 2005 business jet accident at Teterboro Airport , NTSB investigator Steve Demko , speaking about the probable cause , said determining an aircraft 's weight and balance before takeoff is `` basic airmanship , '' a `` Flying 101 type of thing . ''  And in the 2006 New York City plane crash that killed New York Yankees pitcher Cory Lidle , the NTSB cited `` inadequate judgement , planning and airmanship '' in its probable cause determination .   A `` failure of airmanship '' was also cited by U.S. Military Authorities in the Tarnak Farm incident in Afghanistan , where the pilot of a U.S. F-16 Fighting Falcon mistakenly targeted a 250-kilogram laser-guided bomb on Canadian troops in April 2003 , killing four of them . Airmanship covers operation of the aircraft and all its systems , so in military usage , this includes the weapons systems of combat aircraft .

neg: Ohio Achievement Assessment The Ohio Achievement Assessment ( commonly stylized as the OAA ) is a standardized test meeting NCLB requirements . Grades 3-8 are tested in reading , mathematics , science , social studies , and writing . Before 2010 , the Ohio Achievement Assessment was known as the Ohio Achievement Test .   Students in grades 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , and 7 are tested in reading and mathematics . Students in grades 5 & 8 are tested in reading , mathematics , and science . Grades 4 and 7 are tested in writing , however , in 2009 , the writing test was canceled ( students in grades 4 and 7 were tested in writing ) and the social studies test was suspended for the 2010-11 and 2011-12 school years . The social studies test did return for the 2013-14 school year . Districts are graded based on a system of 26 indicators . Schools who meet at least 75 % passing in all tests in grades 3-8 , 85 % percent above proficient on the OGT in grades 10-11 , 90 % graduation rate . and a 93 % rate of attendance receive an `` Excellent '' rating on their school district report card issues by the state yearly . Any district that fails to make 20 indicators receives an `` effective '' or a `` proficient '' rating .

neg: Breaker boy A breaker boy was a coal-mining worker in the United States and United Kingdom whose job was to separate impurities from coal by hand in a coal breaker . Although breaker boys were primarily children , elderly coal miners who could no longer work in the mines because of age , disease , or accident were also sometimes employed as breaker boys . The use of breaker boys began in the mid-1860s . Although public disapproval of the employment of children as breaker boys existed by the mid-1880s , the practice did not end until the 1920s .

neg: Dangling modifier A dangling modifier is an ambiguous grammatical construct , whereby a grammatical modifier could be misinterpreted as being associated with a word other than the one intended or with no particular word at all . For example , a writer may have meant to modify the subject , but word order makes the modifier seem to modify an object instead . Such ambiguities can lead to unintentional humor or difficulty in understanding a sentence in formal contexts .   A typical example of a dangling modifier is illustrated in Turning the corner , a handsome school building appeared . The modifying clause Turning the corner is clearly supposed to describe the behavior of the narrator ( or other observer ) , but grammatically it appears to apply to nothing in particular or to the school building . Similarly , in At the age of eight , my family finally bought a dog , the modifier At the age of eight `` dangles '' , not attaching to the subject of the main clause ( and possibly implying that the family was eight years old when it bought the dog , or even that the dog was eight when it was bought , rather than the intended meaning of giving the narrator 's age at the time ) .

neg: Fat Man and Little Boy Fat Man and Little Boy ( a.k.a. Shadow Makers in the UK ) is a 1989 film that reenacts the Manhattan Project , the secret Allied endeavor to develop the first nuclear weapons during World War II . The film is named after the weapons `` Little Boy '' and `` Fat Man '' that were detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki , respectively . The code names , originally Fat Man and Thin Man , were drawn from characters in the works of Dashiell Hammett . However , there 's a possible secondary allusion to stout project director Gen. Leslie Groves and the slim scientific director , Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer . The film focuses much attention on the frequently strained relationship between the two men .   The film was directed by Roland Joffé and written by Joffe and Bruce Robinson .

neg: Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act The Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act ( `` UCAPA '' ) is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and submitted for enactment by jurisdictions within the United States in 2006 . This uniform law originated by the parents of internationally abducted children , and parents fearing their children would be abducted .   In 2006 , NCCUSL promulgated the Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act . The act provides States with a valuable tool for deterring both domestic and international child abductions by parents and any persons acting on behalf of the parents . Recognizing that most States have already developed substantial bodies of law regarding child custody determinations and enforcement , including specifically the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act ( UCCJEA ) , the NCCUSL drafted UCAPA to be compatible with and to augment existing state law .   Under UCAPA , an action for abduction prevention measures may be brought either by a court on its own motion , by a party to a child-custody determination or an individual with a right to seek such a determination , or by a prosecutor or public attorney . The party seeking the abduction prevention measures must file a petition with the court specifying the risk factors for abduction as well as other biographical information including the name , age and gender of the child , the current address of the child and the person against whom the measures are sought , a statement regarding any prior actions related to abduction or domestic violence , a statement addressing any prior arrests for domestic violence or child abuse by either party , and finally any additional information required by existing State child custody law including the UCCJEA .   UCAPA sets out a wide variety of factors that should be considered in determining whether there is a credible risk that a child will be abducted . These factors include overt signs such as previous abductions , attempts to abduct the child , or threats of abduction , as well as signs of general abuse including domestic violence , negligence , or refusal to obey a child-custody determination . The act also includes a wide range of activities that may indicate a planned abduction including abandoning employment , liquidating assets , obtaining travel documents or travel tickets , or requesting the child 's school or medical records .   The act also addresses the special problems involved with international child abduction by including several risk factors specifically related to international abduction . In particular , the act requires courts to consider whether the party in question is likely to take a child to a country that is n't a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction , or to a country that places the child at risk , has laws that would restrict access to the child , that is on the current list of state sponsors of terrorism , or is engaged in an active military action or war . In addition , a court will consider issues related to citizenship such as a recent change in citizenship status or a denial of United States Citizenship .   If a court determines that a credible risk exists that the child will be abducted , it may then enter an order containing provisions and measures meant to prevent abduction . The act lists a number of specific measures that a court may order . These include imposing travel restrictions , prohibiting the individual from removing the child from the State or other set geographic area , placing the child 's name in the United States Department of State 's Child Passport Issuance Alert Program , or requiring the individual to obtain an order from a foreign country containing identical terms to the child-custody determination . An abduction prevention order is effective until the earliest of the order 's expiration , the child 's emancipation , the child 's 18th birthday , or until the order is modified , revoked , or vacated .   If abduction appears imminent , a court may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child , direct law enforcement officers to take steps to locate and return the child , or exercise other appropriate powers under existing state laws . A warrant to take physical custody is enforceable in the enacting state even if issued by different state . The court may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property , or even to make a forcible entry at any hour , if the circumstances so warrant . Nevertheless , the person on whom the warrant is being executed must be served with the warrant when or immediately after the child is taken into custody and the person must be afforded a hearing no later than the next judicial day or the next possible judicial day if the next day is impossible .   Up to date legislative activity on UCAPA can be found here .

neg: Murder of Olive Balchin Olive Balchin ( c. 1906 -- 20 October 1946 ) was a British murder victim whose body was found near a bomb site in Manchester , England . The murder weapon , a bloodstained hammer , was found nearby . After a lengthy investigation , police were given a description of a man who purchased a hammer from a local shopkeeper , which was similar to the description that eyewitnesses provided of a man last seen in the company of Balchin on the night of her murder . Based on this information , police questioned Walter Graham Rowland , a man who had been convicted in 1934 of murdering his two-year-old child . His death sentence for that crime had been commuted after serving eight years , due to the onset of World War II and the need for able-bodied men .   A forensic examination of Rowland 's clothes showed bloodstains matching Balchin 's blood type as well as dust particles and plant debris traced to the bomb site . Police arrested Rowland for her murder , and he was convicted and held at Strangeways Prison .   While Rowland was in prison awaiting execution , a prisoner at Walton Jail in Liverpool , David J. Ware , made unprompted three confessions to the crime - first in writing to the governor of the prison , then to police , and finally to Rowland 's lawyer . The confession was quickly followed by a retraction wherein Ware admitted to confessing because he wanted to appear `` swank , '' and said that he had obtained details of the murder from newspapers he read in prison . There were also questions as to Ware 's mental state , as he had been discharged from the British Army in 1943 after a diagnosis of manic depressive psychosis . Additionally , unlike Rowland , there was no forensic evidence found that tied Ware to the murder scene .   Despite the retraction , Rowland 's lawyer argued for his conviction to be overturned on appeal because of Ware 's confession . The motion failed and Rowland was hanged on 27 February 1947 . A Home Office inquiry determined that Ware had made a false confession , and therefore found no impropriety with regards to the conviction .   In 1951 , Ware attacked a woman with a hammer , and was found guilty of attempted murder . He was deemed not criminally responsible due to insanity and was committed to Broadmoor Hospital . This attack , coupled with his prior confession to the Balchin murder , led some in Britain to believe that Rowland had been falsely convicted and was the victim of a miscarriage of justice . The matter is still occasionally raised in debates about the death penalty and wrongful convictions in Britain .

neg: Scott Manning This page is on the Canadian aerobatic aviator . For the former indoor soccer player see Scott Manning ( soccer ) .     Scott Manning ( 15 May 1958 -- 16 June 2006 ) was a Canadian athlete and aerobatic pilot of the world 's smallest jet , the BD-5J .   He grew up in Kitchener , Ontario , and earned a degree in Environmental Studies at the University of Waterloo in 1985 . Having played for four years on the Waterloo Warriors football team , he pursued a career in professional football , at a weight of 290 lbs . and 6 ' 3 '' . In the 1980s , he attended training camps with the Saskatchewan Roughriders and the Montreal Alouettes . Scott pursued his football career until a serious knee injury caused a blood clot that almost killed him and rendered him incapable of continuing in the sport . Although told by doctors that he would probably never walk again , Manning slowly regained his mobility .   After two years of recovery , Manning decided that he simply `` wanted to fly jets in airshows '' and set out pursuing private and commercial pilot 's licences and eventually earned flight time in some of the world 's most advanced aerobatic aircraft .   In 1990 he purchased and decided to construct `` The Stinger '' BD-5J Microjet airplane kit . Construction work took over 6000 work hours . At the end of several engine malfunctions , and countless technical hiccups , his BD-5J emerged as a tiny , but formidable competitor in the airshow circuit and aerobatics arena . Manning piloted his own plane , and was known as the tallest BD-5 pilot in the world , and the operator of the only BD-5J model in Canada .   On 16 June 2006 at 12:14 pm Manning was piloting his BD-5J when he crashed and was killed during practice for the Ottawa Air Show . The Canadian Transportation Safety Board issued its final Aviation Investigation Report A06O0141 on Manning 's accident on 2 May 2007 . The report stated one ` finding ' as to the causes and contributing factors of this accident :   `` The right flap was incorrectly installed during the wing installation , which allowed the right flap to retract during the fly-past . This created a flap asymmetry that resulted in an uncommanded right roll . The aircraft was at an attitude from which recovery was not possible before the aircraft struck the ground . ''   The report also stated two ` Findings as to Risk ' :   1 . `` The right-wing taper bolt did not penetrate deep enough through the spars to engage the fibre locking feature of the locknut . Therefore , the taper bolt was not in safety at the time of the accident . ''   2 . `` The fibre locking feature of the left-wing locknut was worn and did not secure the left-wing taper bolt in safety . ''

neg: Childhood Childhood is the age span ranging from birth to adolescence . According to Piaget 's theory of cognitive development , childhood consists of two stages : preoperational stage and concrete operational stage . In developmental psychology , childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood ( learning to walk ) , early childhood ( play age ) , middle childhood ( school age ) , and adolescence ( puberty through post-puberty ) . Various childhood factors could affect a person 's attitude formation . '' '   The concept of childhood emerged during the 17th and 18th centuries , particularly through the educational theories of the philosopher John Locke and the growth of books for and about children . Previous to this point , children were often seen as incomplete versions of adults .

neg: Boy (duo) Boy ( stylized BOY ) is a Swiss -- German pop duo founded in 2007 by Swiss singer Valeska Steiner and German bassist Sonja Glass . The two met while at a pop-music course at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg in 2005 . The band initially played concerts exclusively , before being discovered and signed to Herbert Grönemeyer 's label , Grönland Records , in 2011 .   Their debut album , Mutual Friends ( Gold-certified in Germany ) , was produced by Philipp Steinke and released in the autumn of 2011 . The band sings entirely in English in a style reminiscent of that of Leslie Feist .   In the UK , Mutual Friends was released by Decca in June 2012 . The North American release of the album was in February 2013 on Nettwerk Records .   Boy won the Hamburg Musician Prize HANS in 2011 in the category Hamburgs Newcomer of the Year , and their album Mutual Friends won the 2012 European Border Breakers Award ( EBBA ) .   The duo 's song `` Little Numbers '' was also featured in the Lufthansa Airline 's Business Class advertisement in mid-2012 . In 2013 the song was at No. 4 in the Japan Hot 100 .   The duo 's first-ever USA tour launched on March 1 , 2013 with a sold-out performance at Joe 's Pub , New York City .   After a two-year hiatus to focus on song-writing , the duo released their second studio album We Were Here in 2015 .

neg: Hague Protection of Minors Convention The Convention of 1961 Concerning the Powers of Authorities and the Law Applicable in Respect of the Protection of Infants , Convention du 5 octobre 1961 concernant la compétence des autorités et la loi applicable en matière de protection des mineurs , or Hague Protection of Minors Convention is a multilateral convention of the Hague Conference on Private International Law . The 1961 Convention emphasized the concept of the `` interests of the child '' as a basis for authorities of the child 's nationality to overrule the authorities of the child 's habitual residence . It built upon prior efforts to create successful multilateral treaties and brought an innovation in terminology by creating a compromise between advocates of `` nationality '' as the determining factor for jurisdiction and advocates for the modern fact-centric model of `` habitual residence . '' The convention also included expanded language to encompass both judicial and administrative authorities in response to the Boll case ( regarding the Hague Convention of 1902 relating to the settlement of guardianship of minors ) . Of particularly special note , the drafters of the 1961 Convention expressly considered a provision addressing the removal of a child from their habitual residence with an intent to evade rightful jurisdiction -- primarily for child custody reasons . This first attempt to codify international child abduction failed due to an inability to agree on a definition or manner of describing the phenomenon , with a number of countries that adhered to the principle of nationality regulating personal child and family law unable to classify their nationals removing children from foreign countries to their home state as illegal .

neg: We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket .   The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows :   We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens .  The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .

neg: Architectural forgery in Japan In Japan , structural engineers designing structures exceeding a certain floor area or number of storeys must submit drawings and calculations to the authorities , demonstrating that the building is safe ( e.g. earthquake-resistant , etc. ) `` Structural Calculation Forgery Problem '' ( 構造計算書偽造問題 , kōzō keisansho gizō mondai ) refers to a series of incidents , set off by the Ministry of Land , Infrastructure and Transport 's November 17 , 2005 , announcement that structural engineer Hidetsugu Aneha of Aneha Architectural Design Office in Chiba Prefecture had falsified earthquake design calculations . A number of Japanese construction and real estate companies have had to declare bankruptcy due to their involvement in the affair , including Kimura Construction and Huser . Note that Aneha is frequently referred to as an architect , as Japan has a unique licensing system where structural engineers designing buildings are registered as first-class architects .   It is suggested that one of the causes for the problem was that the ( privately owned ) oversight agencies responsible for confirming compliance to Japanese safety standards did not detect the forgery . Prior to 1999 , oversight was managed solely by regional governments , however , a change made to Japanese law that year allowed private organizations to conduct investigations as well . It was said that these private organizations , such as `` EHomes '' and `` Nihon ERI '' did not adequately function in their oversight roles , however , it was later revealed that government oversight agencies had also failed to detect some instances of forgery .   Of 14 hotels that had already been built under false pretenses when the problem first came to light , two of them were shown to fail Japan 's earthquake resistance standards . Because the concrete had insufficient reinforcing steel , there was a fear that an earthquake of magnitude 5 on the Japanese Shindo scale could cause the buildings to collapse . None of the buildings in question have yet collapsed , but the safety of high-rise buildings in earthquake-prone Japan has been called into question , particularly in the light of the 1995 Sampoong Department Store collapse in Korea .   Residents of the areas around the affected buildings live in a constant state of unease , not knowing if or when the buildings will collapse . Some hotels , unable to guarantee the safety of their customers , have ceased operations .   As the architect concerned in the matter has participated in the construction of a large number of buildings , the full extent of the problem is still unknown . In Japan , the incident was first publicized by bloggers .   Hidetsugu Aneha , Moriyoshi Kimura , Akira Shinozuka and Togo Fujita etc. were arrested on April 26 , 2006 , and Huser 's president Susumu Ojima was arrested on May 17 of the same year .

neg: High School Competency Test The High School Competency Test , or HSCT , was a test used by all public high schools in the state of Florida from 1981 until the implementation of the FCAT in 1998 . First mandated by the State Board of Education in 1977 , it was the first attempt by the state to ensure that school districts across the state were being held to at least some minimal standards of accountability .   The test was administered to all public high school juniors . Passage was required in order to be issued a high school diploma . Students failing the HSCT were allowed unlimited opportunities to retake sections that they had failed , with such retests routinely administered by school faculty , thus making enforcement of the `` must pass '' proviso problematic , at best .   The test was phased out early in Jeb Bush 's first administration , though students who entered high school before the creation of the FCAT were grandfathered in and allowed to take the HSCT instead of the FCAT , if they so wished . Even today , theoretically , a student ( who would now be in their mid - to late twenties , at least ) who had not graduated because of failing the HSCT can request a readministration of the test in order to get their high school diploma . In practice , such a test would probably need to be administered by a community college ; many of the state 's community colleges continue to use the HSCT within their adult studies departments .

neg: FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives The FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives is a most wanted list maintained by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) . The list arose from a conversation held in late 1949 between J. Edgar Hoover , Director of the FBI , and William Kinsey Hutchinson , International News Service ( the predecessor of the United Press International ) editor-in-chief , who were discussing ways to promote capture of the FBI 's `` toughest guys '' . This discussion turned into a published article , which received so much positive publicity that on March 14 , 1950 , the FBI officially announced the list to increase law enforcement 's ability to capture dangerous fugitives .   Individuals are generally only removed from the list if the fugitive is captured , dies , or if the charges against them are dropped ; they are then replaced by a new entry selected by the FBI . In nine cases , the FBI removed individuals from the list after deciding that they were no longer a `` particularly dangerous menace to society '' . Machetero member Víctor Manuel Gerena , added to the list in 1984 , was on the list for 32 years , which was longer than anyone else . Billie Austin Bryant spent the shortest amount of time on the list , being listed for two hours in 1969 . The oldest person to be added to the list was William Bradford Bishop on April 10 , 2014 at 77 years old . On rare occasions , the FBI will add a `` Number Eleven '' if that individual is extremely dangerous but the Bureau does not feel any of the current ten should be removed . Despite occasional references in the media , the FBI does not rank their list ; no suspect is considered '' # 1 on the FBI 's Most Wanted List '' or `` The Most Wanted . ''   The list is commonly posted in public places such as post offices . In some cases , fugitives on the list have turned themselves in on becoming aware of their listing . As of December 4 , 2014 , 504 fugitives have been listed , eight of them women , and 473 ( 94 % ) captured or located , 155 ( 31 % ) of them due to public assistance . On May 19 , 1996 , Leslie Isben Rogge became the first person on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list to be apprehended due to the internet . The FBI maintains other lists of individuals , including the Most Wanted Terrorists , along with crime alerts , missing persons , and other fugitive lists .   On June 17 , 2013 , the list reached the quantity of 500 fugitives .

neg: Sussman Anomaly The Sussman Anomaly is a problem in artificial intelligence , first described by Gerald Sussman , that illustrates a weakness of noninterleaved planning algorithms , which were prominent in the early 1970s . In the problem , three blocks ( labeled A , B , and C ) rest on a table . The agent must stack the blocks such that A is atop B , which in turn is atop C. However , it may only move one block at a time . The problem starts with B on the table , C atop A , and A on the table :   However , noninterleaved planners typically separate the goal ( stack A atop B atop C ) into subgoals , such as :  get A atop B  get B atop C   Suppose the planner starts by pursuing Goal 1 . The straightforward solution is to move C out of the way , then move A atop B . But while this sequence accomplishes Goal 1 , the agent can not now pursue Goal 2 without undoing Goal 1 , since both A and B must be moved atop C :   If instead the planner starts with Goal 2 , the most efficient solution is to move B . But again , the planner can not pursue Goal 1 without undoing Goal 2 :   The problem was first identified by Sussman as a part of his PhD research . Sussman ( and his supervisor , Marvin Minsky ) believed that intelligence requires a list of exceptions or tricks , and developed a modular planning system for `` debugging '' plans . Most modern planning systems can handle this anomaly , but it is still useful for explaining why planning is non-trivial .


query: O. J. Simpson was charged for armed robbery in 2007.

pos: O. J. Simpson Orenthal James `` O. J. '' Simpson ( born July 9 , 1947 ) , nicknamed The Juice , is a former American football running back , broadcaster , actor , and convicted armed robber and kidnapper .   Simpson attended the University of Southern California ( USC ) , where he played college football for the USC Trojans and won the Heisman Trophy in 1968 . He played professionally in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a running back for 11 seasons , with the Buffalo Bills from 1969 to 1977 and with the San Francisco 49ers from 1978 to 1979 . In 1973 , he became the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season ; holding the record for the single season yards-per-game average , which stands at 143.1 . He is the only player to ever rush for over 2,000 yards in the 14-game regular season NFL format .   Simpson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985 . After retiring from football , he began new careers in acting and football broadcasting .   In 1995 , Simpson was acquitted of the 1994 murders of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman after a lengthy and internationally publicised trial . The families of the victims filed a civil suit against him , and in 1997 a civil court awarded a $ 33.5 million judgment against Simpson for the victims ' wrongful deaths .   In 2007 , Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas , Nevada , and charged with felonies including armed robbery and kidnapping . In 2008 , he was convicted and sentenced to 33 years imprisonment , with a minimum of nine years without parole . He is serving his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center in Lovelock , Nevada .

neg: Kato Kaelin Brian Gerard `` Kato '' Kaelin ( -LSB- ˈkeɪtoʊ_ˈkeɪlɪn -RSB- born March 9 , 1959 ) is an American radio and television personality who gained fame as a witness during the 1994 -- 95 murder trial of O. J. Simpson .

neg: The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition .   The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) .   Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 .   The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .

neg: Flash rob A flash rob , also known as a multiple offender crime or flash mob robbery , is an organized form of theft in which a group of participants enter a retail shop or convenience store en masse and steal goods and other items . Typically , store workers and employees in these cases quickly become overwhelmed by the large number of participants and thus , are unable to stop the theft .   The National Retail Federation does not classify these crimes as `` flash mobs '' but rather `` multiple offender crimes '' that utilize `` flash mob tactics '' . In a report , the NRF noted , `` multiple offender crimes tend to involve groups or gangs of juveniles who already know  each other , which does not earn them the term `` flash mob '' . ''

neg: 2007 Chicago Bears season The 2007 Chicago Bears season was the team 's 88th regular season in the National Football League . The season officially began on September 9 , 2007 against the San Diego Chargers , and concluded on December 30 against the New Orleans Saints . The Bears entered the 2007 season as the National Football Conference Champions and had hopes of returning to the Super Bowl , but instead finished the season with a disappointing 7 -- 9 record .

neg: Assata Shakur Assata Olugbala Shakur ( born JoAnne Deborah Byron ; July 16 , 1947 ) , whose married name was Chesimard , is an African-American activist , member of the former Black Panther Party ( BPP ) and Black Liberation Army ( BLA ) , who was convicted of murder in 1977 . She escaped from prison in 1979 and fled to Cuba in 1984 , gaining political asylum .   Between 1971 and 1973 , Shakur was charged with several crimes and was the subject of a multi-state manhunt . In May 1973 , Shakur was involved in a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike , in which New Jersey State Trooper Werner Foerster was killed and Trooper James Harper was grievously assaulted ; she was charged in these attacks . BLA member Zayd Malik Shakur was also killed in the incident , and Shakur was wounded . Between 1973 and 1977 , Shakur was indicted in relation to six other incidents -- charged with murder , attempted murder , armed robbery , bank robbery , and kidnapping . She was acquitted on three of the charges and three were dismissed . In 1977 , she was convicted of the first-degree murder of Foerster and of seven other felonies related to the shootout .   Shakur was incarcerated in several prisons in the 1970s . She escaped from prison in 1979 and , after living as a fugitive for several years , fled to Cuba in 1984 , where she received political asylum . She has been living in Cuba ever since . Since May 2 , 2005 , the FBI has classified her as a domestic terrorist and offered a $ 1 million reward for assistance in her capture . On May 2 , 2013 , the FBI added her to the Most Wanted Terrorist List ; the first woman to be listed . On the same day , the New Jersey Attorney General offered to match the FBI reward , increasing the total reward for her capture to $ 2 million .

neg: Naser Jason Abdo Naser Jason Abdo ( born April 1 , 1990 ) is an American former US Army Private First Class who was arrested July 28 , 2011 near Fort Hood , Texas and was held without bond for possession of an unregistered firearm and allegedly planning to attack a restaurant frequented by soldiers from the base . He was convicted in federal court on May 24 , 2012 of attempted use of a weapon of mass destruction , attempted murder of federal employees , and weapons charges . He was sentenced on August 10 , 2012 to two consecutive sentences of life in prison , plus 60 years .   After Abdo applied for conscientious objector status in the spring of 2010 pending his deployment to Afghanistan , the Army approved his discharge . While processing him , officials found child pornography on his government-issued computer and in June 2010 , the Army recommended that he be court-martialed . Abdo denied the charges , and went AWOL from Fort Campbell , Kentucky over the July 4 weekend .   Abdo is alleged to have planned the bombing because of his opposition as a Muslim to the U.S. War in Afghanistan . But , the US Attorney in the case , Robert Pitman , compared the plot to the 2012 mass murders by two other American men : the shootings at a movie theatre in Aurora , Colorado and at a Sikh temple in suburban Milwaukee . He said that Abdo had planned to use violence `` to advance -LSB- his -RSB- twisted agenda . ''

neg: Jared Lee Loughner Jared Lee Loughner ( -LSB- ˈlɒfnɚ -RSB- born September 10 , 1988 ) is an American mass murderer who pleaded guilty to 19 charges of murder and attempted murder in connection with the January 8 , 2011 Tucson shooting , in which he shot and severely injured U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords , his target , and killed six people , including Chief U.S. District Court Judge John Roll , as well as a nine-year-old bystander , Christina-Taylor Green . Loughner shot and injured a total of 13 people , while one man was injured while subduing him .   Acquaintances said that Loughner 's personality had changed markedly in the years prior to the shooting , a period when he was also abusing alcohol and drugs . He had been suspended from Pima Community College in September 2010 because of his bizarre behavior and disruptions in classes and the library . After his arrest , two medical evaluations diagnosed him with paranoid schizophrenia and incompetent to stand trial . He was medicated while in jail as part of his treatment . He was again judged incompetent in May 2012 .   In August 2012 , Loughner was judged competent to stand trial , and at the hearing , he pleaded guilty to 19 counts . In November 2012 , he was sentenced to life plus 140 years in federal prison .

neg: Águila Blanca (heist) Águila Blanca ( named after José Maldonado Román and meaning `` White Eagle '' in English ) was the name given by Los Macheteros ( a guerrilla group seeking Puerto Rican independence from the United States ) to its robbery of a Wells Fargo depot on September 12 , 1983 , a day coinciding with the birth date of Puerto Rican Nationalist Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos . The robbery took place in West Hartford , Connecticut , and netted more than $ 7 million ( $ million today ) . At the time of the robbery , it was the largest cash heist in U.S. history .   The specific cell responsible for it was known as Los Taínos . According to the Macheteros , part of the money was given to the poor communities of Puerto Rico to fund education , food , housing , clothing and toys for children . According to prosecutors , the money was used to finance Los Macheteros . About $ 80,000 in what was believed to be stolen money was seized by Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) agents in searches in Puerto Rico and Boston . The federal government contends that the group spent about $ 1 million , moved more than $ 2 million to Cuba , and hid $ 4 million in safe deposit boxes , certificates of deposit , savings accounts and farmhouse cellars in Puerto Rico .   The FBI charges for this robbery include obstruction of commerce by robbery and conspiracy , bank robbery , aggravated robbery , theft from interstate shipment , foreign and interstate transportation of stolen money , and conspiracy to interfere with commerce by robbery .

neg: Smith v. United States Smith v. United States , , is a United States Supreme Court case that held that the exchange of a gun for drugs constituted `` use '' of the firearm for purposes of a federal statute imposing penalties for `` use '' of a firearm `` during and in relation to '' a drug trafficking crime .   In Watson v. United States , 128 S.Ct . 697 ( 2007 ) the court later decided that a transaction in the opposite direction does not violate the same statute ( i.e. , Smith holds that one `` uses '' a gun by giving it in exchange for drugs , but Watson holds that one does not `` use '' a gun by receiving it in exchange for drugs ) .

neg: Christopher Chubasco Wilkins Christopher Chubasco Wilkins ( September 29 , 1968 January 11 , 2017 ) was a Texas inmate sentenced to death and executed for a 2005 double murder .   On October 27 , 2005 , Wilkins shot and killed Willie Freeman and Mike Silva . Freeman had allegedly cheated Wilkins in a drug deal ; Silva was with Freeman at the time and thus witnessed the killing . The numbers `` 666 '' and a pentagram matching one of Wilkins ' numerous tattoos were found carved into Silva 's car at the scene of the murders . Wilkins ' fingerprints were also found . The previous day , Wilkins also allegedly killed Gilbert Vallejo outside a bar in south Fort Worth after a dispute over a payphone .   On October 28 , Wilkins was arrested and charged with the murders of Freeman and Silva ; he later also confessed to murdering Vallejo . He was sentenced to death on March 12 , 2008 , after only 90 minutes of deliberation by the jury . When asked by his defense lawyer if he wanted to die , Wilkins said : `` I guess , subconsciously , I 've been trying to get myself killed since I was 12 or 13 years old . I do n't have nothing to live for . I have n't been any good to anybody for the last 20 years and I wo n't be for the next 20 or the 20 after that . ''   Wilkins was initially scheduled to be executed on October 28 , 2015 ( which , coincidentally , was the 10th anniversary of his arrest ) . His execution was stayed and later rescheduled to January 11 , 2017 . Wilkins was executed by lethal injection on January 11 , 2017 , at 6:29 PM . He was 48 years old .

neg: Cornealious Michael Anderson III Cornealious Michael `` Mike '' Anderson III ( born c. 1977 ) was convicted of armed robbery in 2000 and sentenced to 13 years in the Missouri state prison system . Shortly after his conviction he was released on bail pending the outcome of an appeal of his conviction . In May 2002 , his appeal was rejected but , due to a clerical error , his bond was not revoked when a warrant was issued for his arrest . It was unclear why he was not arrested and imprisoned to serve his 13-year sentence , but , apparently due to clerical errors and miscommunication , the Missouri Department of Corrections thought he was already in prison . The error was only discovered when he was scheduled to be released from prison in 2013 . On July 25 , 2013 he was arrested and required to serve his 13-year sentence . The case stirred controversy when investigative articles were written by Jessica Lussenhop in the Riverfront Times newspaper and when his case was covered nationally in the United States in an episode of This American Life . By April 2014 , his case began receiving extensive national and international attention . These articles and episode raised the question of whether he should be returned to prison 13 years after his conviction especially since the victim of his crime did not believe he should be in prison . Anderson 's attorney filed several appeals and petitions for his release from prison , and on May 5 , 2014 Anderson was released from prison . In 2014 , he was arrested for another crime , but subsequent videotape evidence showed that he could not have committed the crime and charges were dropped with an apology by Circuit Attorney Jennifer M. Joyce .

neg: Jacob Ostreicher Jacob Ostreicher ( born February 7 , 1959 ) is an American businessman and investor . In June 2011 , he was arrested in Santa Cruz , Bolivia while overseeing a rice growing agricultural venture that he had invested in , and was jailed for 18 months on suspicion of money laundering , though he was never formally charged . Ostreicher maintained his innocence and stated that the allegations by the Bolivian government were `` the scam of the century '' . His family and friends initiated a public effort to plea for his release , and actor-activist Sean Penn visited Ostreicher in Bolivia and pledged to work for his release .   On December 18 , 2012 , Ostreicher was released from prison on $ 14,000 bail and placed under house arrest . Bolivian officials were later arrested for what authorities state was an extortion ring . On December 16 , 2013 , Ostreicher arrived in the United States after 30 months in Bolivia . It was unclear how he managed to flee the country .

neg: Murder of Ryan Skipper Ryan Keith Skipper ( April 28 , 1981 -- March 14 , 2007 ) was an American man from Polk County , Florida who was murdered on March 14 , 2007 in what authorities declared a hate crime . Skipper 's body was discovered on March 15 along a roadside in Wahneta , Florida . Two men were arrested in connection with the crime : William David Brown Jr. , and Joseph Bearden , 20 and 21 years old at the time of the incident , respectively . The men were charged with first-degree murder and robbery .   Bearden was convicted of second degree murder in addition to four additional counts on February 27 , 2009 . He was sentenced to life in prison for the murder charge , two 15-year terms and two five-year terms , all to be served concurrently , on the remaining four charges . On April 16 , 2015 , however , the Florida Supreme Court quashed the District Court 's opinion and granted Bearden a new trial based on incorrect evidentiary rulings regarding a potential third-party confession .   Brown claimed he killed Skipper in retaliation for unwanted sexual advances . He was found guilty by a Polk County jury and sentenced to life in prison without parole .

neg: Violent crime A violent crime or crime of violence is a crime in which an offender uses or threatens force upon a victim . This entails both crimes in which the violent act is the objective , such as murder , as well as crimes in which violence is the means to an end . Violent crimes may , or may not , be committed with weapons . Depending on the jurisdiction , violent crimes may vary from homicide to harassment . Typically , violent criminals includes aircraft hijackers , bank robbers , muggers , burglars , terrorists , carjackers , rapists , kidnappers , torturers , active shooters , murderers , gangsters , drug cartels , and others .

neg: Ko Simpson Yukota `` Ko '' Simpson ( born November 9 , 1983 ) is a former American football safety . He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fourth round of the 2006 NFL Draft . He played college football at South Carolina .   He has also played for the Detroit Lions .

neg: Shooting of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams The shooting of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams , or as it is sometimes known `` 137 shots '' , two homeless African American individuals , occurred in East Cleveland , Ohio on November 29 , 2012 , at the conclusion of a 22-minute police chase which started in downtown Cleveland . Thirteen police officers fired at Russell and Williams 137 times while they were in their car at a parking lot of a middle school . In May 2014 , one of the officers involved , Michael Brelo , was charged with two counts of voluntary manslaughter , and was acquitted by a Cuyahoga County judge of the charges on May 23 , 2015 .   Five police supervisors were also charged with dereliction of duty , a misdemeanor . Their trial was set on July 27 , 2015 .   The families of Russell and Williams filed a lawsuit against the city of Cleveland , and received a settlement of $ 3 million in November 2014 .   On January 26 , 2016 , it was reported that six Cleveland police officers were fired due to their connection with the car chase . They were identified as Brelo , Wilfredo Diaz , Brian Sabolik , Erin O'Donnell , Michael Farley , and Chris Ereg .

neg: Norco shootout The Norco shootout was an armed confrontation between five heavily armed bank robbers and deputies of the Riverside and San Bernardino County sheriff 's departments in Norco , California , United States on May 9 , 1980 . Two of the five perpetrators and one sheriff 's deputy were killed , 9 other law enforcement officers were injured , and gunfire damaged at least 30 police cars and one police helicopter .   At approximately 3:40 p.m. , five men armed with shotguns , an AR-15 , an HK91 , an HK93 , handguns , and an improvised explosive device robbed the Norco branch of Security Pacific Bank . Deputies of the Riverside County Sheriff 's Department responding to the bank robbery call confronted the perpetrators outside the bank and a shootout ensued , killing one perpetrator . The perpetrators then stole a vehicle in the bank parking lot and fled the scene , leading police on a 25 mi car chase into neighboring San Bernardino County . Riverside County deputies were joined in the pursuit by officers of other area law enforcement agencies , including the California Highway Patrol and San Bernardino County Sheriff 's Department . The perpetrators then ambushed the pursuing deputies and engaged them in another shootout in unincorporated San Bernardino County near Lytle Creek before escaping into a wooded area in the foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains .   Two days later , three of the four surviving perpetrators were arrested in the area of the ambush ; the fourth was killed by police . The three who were arrested were convicted of 46 felonies and sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole .

neg: Cory Maye Cory Jermaine Maye ( born September 9 , 1980 ) is a former prisoner in the U.S. state of Mississippi . He was originally convicted of murder in the 2001 death of a Prentiss , Mississippi police officer Ron W. Jones , during a drug raid on the other half of Maye 's duplex . Maye has said he thought that the intruders were burglars and did not realize they were police . He pleaded not guilty at his trial , citing self-defense . Nevertheless , Maye was convicted of murder and was sentenced to death . Maye 's case attracted little attention until late 2005 , when Reason magazine senior editor and police misconduct researcher Radley Balko brought it to light on his blog The Agitator . Balko 's research raised several questions about Maye 's conviction and in particular about the reliability of medical examiner Steven Hayne , who performed the autopsy on Jones and testified at the trial . According to Maye 's supporters , his conviction also brought up issues such as the right to self-defense , police conduct in the War on Drugs , racial and social inequities in Mississippi and whether he received competent legal representation .   On September 21 , 2006 , Maye 's death sentence was unexpectedly overturned by Judge Michael Eubanks , who ruled that Maye had received incompetent legal representation during his sentencing phase , and ordered a new sentencing hearing . Maye was sentenced to life in prison . On November 17 , 2009 , the Mississippi Court of Appeals ruled that Maye 's constitutional right of vicinage was violated when Judge Eubanks refused to return the case to Jefferson Davis County , where the alleged crime occurred . The en banc court reversed Maye 's conviction and remanded the case for a new trial . The State of Mississippi appealed to the Mississippi Supreme Court , which agreed to hear the case . On December 2 , 2010 , the Mississippi Supreme Court issued its decision , in which it held that Maye was entitled to a new trial on the ground that the trial court had improperly refused to issue a self-defense instruction that would have highlighted for the jury Maye 's right to act in defense of his infant daughter , who was present in the home on the night of the police raid that led to the shooting .   On July 1 , 2011 , Judge Prentiss Harrell signed a plea agreement in which Maye pleaded guilty to manslaughter ; Maye was then sentenced to ten years in prison , time he had already served . Maye was transferred to Rankin County , Mississippi for procedural paperwork and out-processing and was released on July 18 , 2011 .

neg: Lawyers, Guns and Money `` Lawyers , Guns and Money '' is a song by Warren Zevon , the closing track on his 1978 album Excitable Boy .   The lyrics describe going home with a waitress who is `` with the Russians , too '' . The narrative goes on to speak of `` gambling in Havana '' , with the request that `` Dad '' send `` lawyers , guns and money '' to `` get me out of this '' . The lyrics then claim that the speaker is an `` innocent bystander '' who is down on his luck . Finally the narrative relates that the speaker is `` hiding in Honduras '' and that he is a `` desperate man '' . The lyrics repeat the refrain to `` send lawyers , guns and money '' , with the final comment that `` the shit has hit the fan '' .   The song was first covered by Rick Derringer on the 1978 album `` If I Were n't So Romantic , I 'd Shoot You '' and was released as a single . It was later covered by The Wallflowers on the album Enjoy Every Sandwich : The Songs of Warren Zevon in 2004 . It was also a hit for Hank Williams , Jr. in 1983 and regularly played live by Widespread Panic .  The song also lent its title to a light-hearted radio program on the Melbourne community radio station 3RRR which looked at the legal fraternity in the city . The program started in 1985 and ran for several years hosted by the pseudonymous duo `` Donoghue & Stevenson '' - Dennis Connell and Ross Stevenson . The song was used as both intro and exit music for the program . The chorus was changed to `` send robots , bears and Lincolns '' in a parody song set to past sketches on the Late Night With Conan O'Brien show .

neg: Shooting of Laquan McDonald The shooting of Laquan McDonald took place on October 20 , 2014 , in Chicago , Illinois . McDonald , in possession of a 3-inch folding knife , was shot by former Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke from approximately ten feet ( 3 m ) away . After investigation , Officer Van Dyke was charged in November 2015 with first-degree murder and initially held without bail at the Cook County Jail . He was released on bail on November 30 . The city reached a settlement with McDonald 's family .   Subsequent protests denounced McDonald 's death and demanded changes in police and judicial procedure , and for the dismissal or resignation of city and county officials . Cook 's County State Attorney Anita Alvarez lost her bid for re-election in 2016 , but Rahm Emanuel won a second term in 2015 as Mayor of Chicago .   At the request of Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan , the United States Department of Justice initiated a civil rights investigation into McDonald 's death and the activities of the Chicago Police Department . It released its report in January 2017 , describing the police as having a culture of `` excessive violence , '' especially against minority suspects , and of having poor training and supervision . DOJ and city officials have signed an agreement for a plan for improvement to be overseen by the courts .


query: Michael Keaton will play the role of the Vulture, a Marvel Comics supervillain.

pos: Michael Keaton Michael John Douglas ( born September 5 , 1951 ) , known professionally as Michael Keaton , is an American actor , producer and director . He first rose to fame for his comedic film roles in Night Shift ( 1982 ) , Mr. Mom ( 1983 ) , Johnny Dangerously ( 1984 ) and Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) , and he earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of the title character in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) and Batman Returns ( 1992 ) .   Since then , he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films ; such as Clean and Sober ( 1988 ) , The Dream Team ( 1989 ) , Pacific Heights ( 1990 ) , Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) , My Life ( 1993 ) , The Paper ( 1994 ) , Multiplicity ( 1996 ) , Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , Herbie : Fully Loaded ( 2005 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) , Need for Speed ( 2014 ) , RoboCop ( 2014 ) , Spotlight ( 2015 ) and The Founder ( 2016 ) , and he has also provided voices for characters in animated films such as Cars ( 2006 ) , Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) and Minions ( 2015 ) . In 2017 , Keaton will play the role of Marvel Comics supervillain the Vulture in Spider-Man : Homecoming .   Keaton 's lead performance in Birdman or ( The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance ) ( 2014 ) earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy , the Critics ' Choice Award for Best Actor and Best Actor in a Comedy , and nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award , British Academy Film Award , and Academy Award for Best Actor . He previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad ( 2002 ) and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company ( 2007 ) . Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from both the Hollywood Film Festival and Zurich Film Festivals .   On January 18 , 2016 , he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France . He is also a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University . </span>

neg: Happy Hogan (comics) Harold `` Happy '' Hogan is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted usually as a supporting character in stories featuring Iron Man .   The character is portrayed in the Marvel Cinematic Universe by Jon Favreau .

neg: Ghost Rider Ghost Rider is the name of several fictional supernatural antiheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Marvel had previously used the name for a Western character whose name was later changed to Phantom Rider .   The first supernatural Ghost Rider is stunt motorcyclist Johnny Blaze , who , in order to save the life of his father , agreed to give his soul to `` Satan '' ( later revealed to be an arch-demon named Mephisto ) . At night and when around evil , Blaze finds his flesh consumed by hellfire , causing his head to become a flaming skull . He rides a fiery motorcycle and wields blasts of hellfire from his body , usually from his skeletal hands . He eventually learns he has been bonded with the demon Zarathos . Blaze starred in the series from 1972 to 1983 . The subsequent Ghost Rider series ( 1990 -- 1998 ) featured Danny Ketch as a new Ghost Rider . After his sister was injured by ninja gangsters , Ketch came in contact with a motorcycle that had somehow been mystically enchanted to contain the essence of a Spirit of Vengeance . Blaze reappeared in this 1990s series as a supporting character , and it was later revealed that Danny and his sister were Johnny Blaze 's long lost siblings . In 2000s comics , Blaze again became the Ghost Rider , succeeding Ketch . In 2013 , Robbie Reyes became Ghost Rider as part of the Marvel NOW ! initiative .   Nicolas Cage starred as the Johnny Blaze iteration of the character in the 2007 film Ghost Rider and the sequel Ghost Rider : Spirit of Vengeance in 2012 . Gabriel Luna plays the Robbie Reyes version in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

neg: Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities .   Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel .   Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 .   In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .

neg: Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell) Captain Marvel ( Mar-Vell ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and designed by artist Gene Colan and first appeared in Marvel Super-Heroes # 12 ( December 1967 ) .   The character debuted during the Silver Age of comic books and has made many appearances since then , including a self-titled series and the second volume of the Marvel Spotlight series . Captain Marvel was ranked 24th in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' and has appeared in television series and video games .

neg: Morgan Stark Morgan Stark is a Marvel Comics character .

neg: Redwing (Marvel Comics) Redwing is a fictional bird appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Primarily a supporting character of Falcon , the character exists within Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .   Redwing appears as a drone in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Captain America : Civil War .

neg: Scarlet Witch Scarlet Witch ( Wanda Maximoff ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character first appeared in X-Men # 4 ( March 1964 ) and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby . The character has since starred in two self-titled limited series with husband the Vision , and has historically been depicted as a regular team member in superhero title The Avengers .   Scarlet Witch has the superhuman ability to alter reality in unspecific ways . In most depictions , she is a mutant , a human born with natural superhuman powers . Originally revealed to be the daughter of the Golden Age superhero Whizzer , it was later established she and her twin brother Quicksilver were the children of X-Men villain Magneto , and the half-siblings of his daughter Polaris . This parentage was their status quo until 2014 , when a further retcon revealed that she and Quicksilver were in fact non-mutants who had been kidnapped and experimented on by the High Evolutionary , and then misled to believe that Magneto was their father .   The character was ranked 97th in Wizard 's `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , 12th in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' , and 14th in Comics Buyer 's Guide 's `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list . The character has appeared in other Marvel-endorsed products such as animated films ; arcade and video games ; television series and merchandise such as action figures and trading cards . Elizabeth Olsen portrays Scarlet Witch in the Marvel Cinematic Universe .

neg: Hawkeye (Kate Bishop) Hawkeye ( Katherine `` Kate '' Bishop ) is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . She is a member of the Young Avengers , a team of superheroes in the Marvel Comics ' shared universe , the Marvel Universe . She is the third character and first female to take the Hawkeye name after Clint Barton of the Avengers and Wyatt McDonald of the Squadron Supreme . Her costume appearance is patterned on the first Hawkeye and Mockingbird .

neg: Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics) Captain Marvel is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Most of these versions exist in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .

neg: Hammerhead (comics) Hammerhead is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He is primarily an enemy of Spider-Man and a member of organized crime who exists in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .   He is closely associated with the Hammerhead `` Family '' , a Maggia crime family . Hammerhead distinguishes himself from other villains in that he dresses up and acts somewhat like a gangster from the 1920s . Due to an injury he suffered , much of his skull was replaced with an unbendable steel alloy by Jonas Harrow , giving his head a flattened shape .

neg: Ragman (comics) Ragman ( Rory Regan ) is a fictional character , a superhero and mystic vigilante who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics .

neg: Red Guardian The Red Guardian ( Russian : Красный хранитель , Krasnij Khranitel ) is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Red Guardian is an identity that was created as the Soviet equivalent of Captain America ; since the fall of the Soviet Union , the name is no longer officially used , though at least two people have claimed the name .

neg: Nitro (comics) Nitro is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .   Nitro is known by comic fans for playing a part in the death of the Kree superhero Mar-Vell . He is also best known for being part of the tragedy that started off Marvel 's Civil War crossover .

neg: W'Kabi W'Kabi is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . W'Kabi will appear in the upcoming film Black Panther , portrayed by Daniel Kaluuya .

neg: Peter Corbeau Peter Corbeau is a fictional character that appears in Marvel Comics .

neg: Galactus Galactus is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Formerly a mortal man , Galactus is a cosmic entity who originally consumed planets to sustain his life force , and serves a functional role in the upkeep of the primary Marvel continuity . Galactus was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in March 1966 .   Lee and Kirby had desired to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain , culminating in the creation of Galactus . In the character 's first appearance Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy , and operates without regard to the morality and judgements of mortal beings . Galactus ' initial origin was that of a space explorer named Galan who gained cosmic abilities by passing near a star , but writer Mark Gruenwald further developed the origin of the character , revealing that Galan lived during the previous universe . As Galan 's universe came to an end , Galan merged with the `` Sentience of the Universe '' to become Galactus , an entity that wielded such cosmic power as to require devouring entire planets to sustain his existence . Additional material written by John Byrne , Jim Starlin , and Louise Simonson explored Galactus ' role and purpose in the Marvel Universe , and examined the actions of the character through themes of genocide , manifest destiny , ethics , and natural/necessary existence . Frequently accompanied by a herald ( such as the Silver Surfer ) , the character has appeared as both antagonist and protagonist in central and supporting roles . Since debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , Galactus has played a role in over five decades of Marvel continuity .   The character has been featured in other Marvel media , such as arcade games , video games , animated television series , and the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer .   In 2009 , Galactus ranked 5th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Villains '' , citing the character 's `` larger than life presence '' as making him one of the more important villains ever created . IGN also noted `` Galactus is one of the few villains on our list to really defy the definition of an evil-doer '' as the character is compelled to destroy worlds because of his hunger .

neg: Hoggoth Hoggoth is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .

neg: Liberators (comics) The Liberators are a group of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . These characters appear in comics set in the Ultimate Marvel universe . Created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch , they appear in the miniseries The Ultimates 2 . They are effectively the Ultimate universe 's equivalents of the Masters of Evil .   The Liberators are a superhuman task force who appear at the climax of the plot arc . They spearhead an invasion of the United States and are from a coalition of nations opposed to the United States ' foreign policy . This international collective is made up of China , Syria , North Korea , Iran , and rogue elements of the French and Russian governments . The Liberators and their overseers are an opposing counterpart to the Ultimates and S.H.I.E.L.D. , respectively .   `` We told you to stop making super people , America . We told you not to interfere with cultures you can never understand . This is what happens when your ambitions outstrip your capabilities . The empire takes a fall . Congratulations , ladies and gentlemen ... The Great Satan has just been liberated . ''  - The Colonel

neg: The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .

neg: Reaper (Marvel Comics) Reaper is the name of several fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character known most notably as the Reaper whose real name is Pantu Hurageb , a mutant in the X-Force comic book series . He has been a villain in the main Marvel Universe but a hero in the Ultraverse .