query: Amazon Web Services was made up of more than 70 services.

pos: Amazon Web Services Amazon Web Services ( AWS ) describes both a technology and a company . The company AWS is a subsidiary of Amazon.com and provides on-demand cloud computing platforms to both individuals , companies and governments , on a paid subscription basis with a free-tier option available for 12 months . The technology allows subscribers to have at their disposal full-fledged virtual cluster of computers , available 24/7/365 , through the internet . AWS ' version of virtual computers have most of the attributes of a real computer including hardware ( CPU ( s ) & GPU ( s ) for processing , local/RAM memory , hard-disk/SSD storage ) ; a choice of operating systems ; networking ; and pre-loaded application software such as web servers , databases , CRM ... nearly anything . Each AWS system also virtualizes its console I/O ( keyboard , display , and mouse ) , allowing AWS subscribers to connect to their AWS system using a modern browser . The browser acts as a window into the virtual computer , letting subscribers log-in , configure and use their virtual systems just as they would a real physical computer . They can choose to deploy their AWS systems to provide internet-based services for their own and their customers ' benefit .   The AWS technology is implemented at server farms throughout the world , and maintained by the Amazon subsidiary . Fees are based on a combination of usage , the hardware/OS/software / networking features chosen by the subscriber , required availability , redundancy , security , and service options . Based on what the subscriber needs and pays for , they can reserve a single virtual AWS computer , a cluster of virtual computers , a physical ( real ) computer dedicated for their exclusive use , or even a cluster of dedicated physical computers . As part of the subscription agreement , Amazon manages , upgrades , and provides industry-standard security to each subscriber 's system . AWS services operate from many global geographical regions including 6 in North America .   In 2016 , AWS comprised more than 70 services spanning a wide range including compute , storage , networking , database , analytics , application services , deployment , management , mobile , developer tools , and tools for the Internet of Things . The most popular include Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud ( aka `` EC2 '' ) and Amazon Simple Storage Service ( aka `` S3 '' ) . Most services are not exposed directly to end users , but instead offer functionality through APIs for developers to use in their applications . Amazon Web Services ' offerings are accessed over HTTP , using the REST architectural style and SOAP protocol .   Amazon markets AWS to subscribers as a way of obtaining large scale computing capacity more quickly and cheaply than building an actual physical server farm . All services are billed based on usage , but each service measures usage in varying ways .

neg: World Wide Web Foundation The World Wide Web Foundation ( also Web Foundation ) is an organization dedicated to the improvement and availability of the World Wide Web . The formation of the organization was announced on September 14 , 2008 by Tim Berners-Lee at the Newseum in Washington , D.C. . The organization launched on November 15 , 2009 . One of its former board members is former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown .   The mission of the organization is `` to establish the open Web as a global public good and a basic right , ensuring that everyone can access and use it freely '' . The foundation works in two areas , A free and open Web and Open Democracy , to reach the objectives of the organization .   It publishes the Web Index with statistics for 86 selected countries .   This organization is not related to the Open Web Foundation .

neg: Utility computing Utility computing , or The Computer Utility , is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed , and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate . Like other types of on-demand computing ( such as grid computing ) , the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs . Utility is the packaging of computing resources , such as computation , storage and services , as a metered service . This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources ; instead , computational resources are essentially rented .   This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to `` on demand '' computing , software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing , application and network as a service .   There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift . However , the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream .   IBM , HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing , with their business units and researchers working on the architecture , payment and development challenges of the new computing model . Google , Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008 , as they established their own utility services for computing , storage and applications .   Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers .   `` Utility computing '' has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer . Multiple servers are used on the `` back end '' to make this possible . These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out , or even an under-utilized supercomputer . The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing .   The term `` grid computing '' is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing , where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains . To provide utility computing services , a company can `` bundle '' the resources of members of the public for sale , who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients .   One model , common among volunteer computing applications , is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes , on the behest of approved end-users ( in the commercial case , the paying customers ) . Another model , sometimes called the Virtual Organization ( VO ) , is more decentralized , with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle .   The definition of `` utility computing '' is sometimes extended to specialized tasks , such as web services .

neg: Web Services Resource Framework Web Services Resource Framework ( WSRF ) is a family of OASIS-published specifications for web services . Major contributors include the Globus Alliance and IBM .   A web service by itself is nominally stateless , i.e. , it retains no data between invocations . This limits the things that can be done with web services ,   Before WSRF , no standard in the Web Services family of specifications explicitly defined how to deal with stateful interactions with remote resources . This does not mean that web services could not be stateful . Where required a web service could read from a database , or use session state by way of cookies or WS-Session .   WSRF provides a set of operations that web services can use to implement stateful interaction ; web service clients communicate with resource services which allow data to be stored and retrieved . When clients talk to the web service they include the identifier of the specific resource that should be used inside the request , encapsulated within the WS-Addressing endpoint reference . This may be a simple URI address , or it may be complex XML content that helps identify or even fully describe the specific resource in question .   Alongside the notion of an explicit resource reference comes a standardized set of web service operations to get/set resource properties . These can be used to read and perhaps write resource state , in a manner somewhat similar to having member variables of an object alongside its methods . The primary beneficiary of such a model are management tools , which can enumerate and view resources , even if they have no other knowledge of them . This is the basis for WSDM .

neg: Service economy Service economy can refer to one or both of two recent economic developments :  The increased importance of the service sector in industrialized economies . The current list of Fortune 500 companies contains more service companies and fewer manufacturers than in previous decades .  The relative importance of service in a product offering . The service economy in developing countries is mostly concentrated in financial services , hospitality , retail , health , human services , information technology and education . Products today have a higher service component than in previous decades . In the management literature this is referred to as the servitization of products or a product-service system . Virtually every product today has a service component to it .   The old dichotomy between product and service has been replaced by a service-product continuum . Many products are being transformed into services .   For example , IBM treats its business as a service business . Although it still manufactures computers , it sees the physical goods as a small part of the `` business solutions '' industry . They have found that the price elasticity of demand for `` business solutions '' is much less than for hardware . There has been a corresponding shift to a subscription pricing model . Rather than receiving a single payment for a piece of manufactured equipment , many manufacturers are now receiving a steady stream of revenue for ongoing contracts .   Full cost accounting and most accounting reform and monetary reform measures are usually thought to be impossible to achieve without a good model of the service economy .

neg: Amazon Marketplace Amazon Marketplace is an e-commerce platform owned and operated by Amazon.com that enables third-party sellers to sell new and used products on a fixed-price online marketplace alongside Amazon 's regular offerings . Using Amazon Marketplace , third-party sellers gain access to Amazon 's customer base , and Amazon expands the offerings on its site without having to invest in additional inventory .   Items purchased on Amazon from third-party sellers are either fulfilled by the merchant ( FBM ) or by Amazon ( FBA ) . FBM goods are kept in the third-party seller 's inventory , and shipping and customer service are handled by the third-party merchant . FBA goods are stored in Amazon 's fulfillment centers , and shipping and customer service are handled by Amazon .   Amazon charges its third-party merchants a referral fee for each sale which is a percentage of the sales price . Additionally , sellers using FBA must pay additional fees which include a pick , pack and weight charge .   Third-party sales on Amazon account for around 40 % of Amazon 's annual sales .

neg: Google Groups Google Groups is a service from Google that provides discussion groups for people sharing common interests . The Groups service also provides a gateway to Usenet newsgroups via a shared user interface .   Google Groups became operational in February 2001 , following Google 's acquisition of Deja 's Usenet archive . ( Deja News had been operational since 1995 . )   Google Groups offers at least two kinds of discussion group ; in both cases users can participate in threaded conversations , either through a web interface or by e-mail . The first kind are forums specific to Google Groups which are inaccessible by NNTP and act more like mailing lists . The second kind are Usenet groups , for which Google Groups acts as gateway and unofficial archive ( the Google Groups archive of Usenet newsgroup postings dates back to 1981 ) . Through the Google Groups user interface , users can read and post to Usenet groups .   In addition to accessing Google and Usenet groups , registered users can also set up mailing list archives for e-mail lists that are hosted elsewhere .

neg: Apple event Apple events are the message-based interprocess communication mechanism in Mac OS , first appearing in System 7 and supported by every version of the classic Mac OS since then and by macOS . Apple events describe `` high-level '' events such as `` open document '' or `` print file '' , whereas earlier OSs had supported much more basic events , namely `` click '' and `` keypress '' . Apple events form the basis of the Mac OS scripting system , the Open Scripting Architecture ( the primary language of such being AppleScript ) .   The starting point is a dynamically-typed , extensible descriptor format called an AEDesc , which is just an OSType code specifying the data type , together with a block of type-dependent data . For instance , the OSType code inte indicates that the data was a four-byte signed integer in big-endian format .   Besides predefined type codes for various common simple types , there are two predefined structured descriptor types : an AERecord , which has data type reco ( record ) , and AEList with type list ( list or array ) . The internal structure of these contain recursively-nested AEDescs , while the AERecord also associates each element with a unique record field ID , which is an OSType . The Apple Event Manager provides API calls to construct these structures , as well as extract their contents and query the type of contents they hold .   The Apple Event Manager also supports coercions , which converts AEDescs from one data type to another . In addition to standard coercions , for instance between integer and real types , applications can install their own coercion handler callbacks , which handle conversions to and from custom data types .   An Apple event proper is an AERecord with fields that depended on the purpose of the event . In addition , it has attributes ( which are distinct from record fields , which are now called the parameters of the event ) from a set predefined by the Apple Event Manager . These specify what the event is supposed to do ( through event class and event ID ) , the target address to which the event is to be sent ( which could be a process on the local or a remote machine ) , and various other options for handling it . Remote machines initially had to be connected via AppleTalk , but Mac OS 9 added the option for connections via TCP/IP .   After sending an Apple event to its target process , the sending process can elect to receive a reply Apple event . This can contain various bits of information returned from the target about the processing of the original event , including an error code indicating success/failure , any information requested by the original event , and/or other appropriate information .   Apple events are the foundation of the AppleEvent Object Model , which in turn is the foundation of the OSA and AppleScript . , the official implementation of the Apple Event Manager API is available in C and its descendants , including C++ . Official bindings are also provided for Objective-C and Swift through the Cocoa API . Unofficial bindings also exist for other languages ( with varying degrees of limitation ) , including Perl , UserTalk , Ruby and Python .

neg: Microsoft services Microsoft online services refers to hosted technology solutions for both consumers and businesses . These services were previously branded under the Windows Live umbrella . Among the services offered are webmail , storage , contacts and calendar . They are accessed with a Microsoft account .   The Microsoft Services team provides a wide range of consulting and support services for consumers , partners and businesses .

neg: Extended Data Services Extended Data Services ( now XDS , previously EDS ) , is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard CEA-608-E for the delivery of any ancillary data ( metadata ) to be sent with an analog television program , or any other NTSC video signal .   XDS is used by TV stations , TV networks , and TV program syndication distributors in the USA for several purposes .   Here are some of the most common uses of XDS :   The `` autoclock '' system delivers time data via an XDS `` Time-of-Day Packet '' for automatically setting the clock of newer TVs & VCRs sold in the USA . Most PBS stations provide this service .  Rudimentary program information which can be displayed on-screen , such as the name and remaining time of the program ,  Station identification ,  V-chip content ratings data .   XDS is also used by the American TV network ABC for their Network Alert System ( NAS ) . NAS is a one-way communication system used by ABC to inform and alert their local affiliate stations across the USA of information regarding ABC 's network programming ( such as program timings & changes , news special report information , etc. ) , using a special decoder manufactured for ABC by EEG Enterprises , a manufacturer of related equipment for the TV broadcast industry such as closed captioning and general-purpose XDS encoders . The CBS Television Network uses a similar method to transmit three separate internal messaging services to stations : one for programming departments , one for master control operations , and one for newsrooms .   Many standard definition receivers produced by Dish Network encode XDS data into their output signal . Data encoded includes time of day , program name , program description , program time remaining , channel identification , and content rating . This data is obtained from the satellite service 's EPG and replaces any data which may have been present when the signal was uplinked .   XDS uses the same line in the vertical blanking interval as closed captioning ( NTSC line 21 ) , and shares the available second video field bandwidth with the closed captioning channels CC3 and CC4 , and with the text channels TXT3 and TXT4 .

neg: Zedo Zedo ( trademark styled as ZEDO ) is a privately held company founded in 1999 by Roy de Souza , which provides several online advertising products and services to Internet publishers , advertisers , and agencies . The company works with publishers who sell space on their web pages to online advertisers . Zedo 's servers send advertisements to users ' browsers . Zedo uses an HTTP cookie to track users ' browsing history resulting in targeted pop-up ad and pop-under ads . The cookie is often flagged by spyware and adware removal programs . In a 2013 case study written by Amazon , Amazon described ZEDO as a company that develops innovative technology solutions to help publishers sell and deliver Internet ads .

neg: Tivoli Service Automation Manager Tivoli Service Automation Manager is the Cloud management package from IBM in the Tivoli Software brand . Unofficial abbreviations are TSAM and TivSAM .   As the product sheet sells it :  `` IBM Tivoli Service Automation Manager enables users to request , deploy , monitor and manage cloud computing services . It also provides traceable approvals and processes . ''   The main use of TSAM is to automate technical as well as business processes involved in deploying new IT services . It is an intermediate between a user with a service request , and a hypervisor that manages some hardware resource pool on which the service will run .   TSAM consists of various components , some of which are separate IBM products :  A REST Web 2.0 API , on which the Self-Service Graphical User Interface , and the administrative StartCenters , are built .  Tivoli Service Request Manager  Tivoli Process Automation Engine . This is an incarnation of a central component of the Maximo ( MRO ) asset and workflow management application that IBM acquired in 2006 .  Tivoli Provisioning Manager , the application that runs workflows to automate deployment of software .   TSAM maintains a large collection of objects and their attributes , which forms its Data Center Model that is stored in a separate database .

neg: Service discovery Service discovery is the automatic detection of devices and services offered by these devices on a computer network . A service discovery protocol ( SDP ) is a network protocol that helps accomplish service discovery .   Service discovery requires a common language to allow software agents to make use of one another 's services without the need for continuous user intervention .   There are many service discovery protocols , including :   Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol ( SDP )  DNS Service Discovery ( DNS-SD ) , a component of Zero Configuration Networking  Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ( DHCP )  Internet Storage Name Service ( iSNS )  Jini for Java objects .  Service Location Protocol ( SLP )  Session Announcement Protocol ( SAP ) used to discover RTP sessions  Simple Service Discovery Protocol ( SSDP ) a component of Universal Plug and Play ( UPnP )  Universal Description Discovery and Integration ( UDDI ) for web services  Web Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol ( WPAD )  WS-Discovery ( Web Services Dynamic Discovery )  XMPP Service Discovery ( XEP-0030 )  XRDS ( eXtensible Resource Descriptor Sequence ) used by XRI , OpenID , OAuth , etc. .

neg: Time Matters Time Matters is practice management software , produced by LexisNexis which was purchased by Reed Elsevier in March , 2004 . It differs from contact management software such as ACT ! or GoldMine because in addition to contacts , it manages calendaring , email , documents , research , billing , accounting , and matters or projects . It integrates with a variety of other software products from both LexisNexis and other vendors . Some of these vendors are Quicken , Microsoft , Palm , Mozilla , Corel , and Adobe . Developed originally for law firms , Time Matters competes with Gavel , Amicus , Tabs , and other legal practice management products . It also may be used in conjunction with Document modelling and Document assembly software products like HotDocs and Deal Builder .   Time Matters was developed by DATA.TXT Corporation originally of Coral Gables , Florida , later of Cary , North Carolina ( Cary is part of the Research Triangle Area of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill ... the `` Silicon Valley of the East '' ) . Since its inception , DATA.TXT Corporation focused on making Time Matters an all-encompassing professional office software package , providing Calendar , Tickler , Contact , Matter , Document , and Messaging Management for personal computers and networks of all sizes . Founded in December 1989 by Robert Butler who was later joined as co-founder by Kevin Stilwell in 1992 , the entire management and programming staff that began Time Matters ' development in 1989 remained on the team until 2004 , providing continuity and reliability rarely seen in software developed for specialized markets .   Time Matters became the number one seller of this type of Windows legal software , with nearly 60,000 users of the Windows version in all 50 US States , plus additional users in Canada , Europe , the Caribbean , Australia and New Zealand , Africa , and Southeast Asia .   Time Matters for Windows has been shipping since 1994 ( The DOS version of Time Matters started shipping in 1989 ) .   Time Matters was previously available in three editions : Professional , Enterprise , and World . The Enterprise edition used Microsoft SQL Server as its database engine . Time Matters Browser Edition ( formerly World Edition ) served up Time Matters in Web browsers for remote access to a law firm 's data . An international network of Certified Independent Consultants ( `` CICs '' ) support , train , and customize this product for end users .   Time Matters Professional , discontinued with the release of Time Matters 10.0 in 2009 , was based on the TPS file system developed by Softvelocity . Time Matters Enterprise , now simply Time Matters , is based on SQL for its database and currently is limited to Microsoft SQL Server and SQL Express ( also from Microsoft ) . None of the open-source SQL programs such as Postgresql and MySQL are currently supported .   With the release of Version 10 in October 2009 , Time Matters became available only in the Enterprise Edition ( but is sold as Time Matters ) . In May 2010 , LexisNexis released their new Annual Maintenance Plan policy , which required users to be on the Annual Maintenance Plan to receive technical support , product upgrades and access to online training and support resources .

neg: Service-oriented modeling Service-oriented modeling is the discipline of modeling business and software systems , for the purpose of designing and specifying service-oriented business systems within a variety of architectural styles and paradigms , such as application architecture , service-oriented architecture , microservices , and cloud computing .   Any service-oriented modeling method typically includes a modeling language that can be employed by both the ` problem domain organization ' ( the Business ) , and ` solution domain organization ' ( the Information Technology Department ) , whose unique perspectives typically influence the service development life-cycle strategy and the projects implemented using that strategy .   Service-oriented modeling typically strives to create models that provide a comprehensive view of the analysis , design , and architecture of all ` Software Entities ' in an organization , which can be understood by individuals with diverse levels of business and technical understanding . Service-oriented modeling typically encourages viewing software entities as ` assets ' ( service-oriented assets ) , and refers to these assets collectively as ` services ' . A key service design concern is to find the right service granularity both on the business ( domain ) level and on a technical ( interface contract ) level .

neg: Bytemark Bytemark is a UK-based server hosting and datacentre provider , headquartered in York , United Kingdom . Founded in 2002 as Bytemark Computer Consulting Ltd , Bytemark was the first provider of virtual machines and cloud hosting through User-Mode Linux in 2003 .   In 2012 , Bytemark launched BigV their public cloud platform designed completely in-house using open source software . In 2013 , Bytemark moved into their own # 1.2 million datacentre and headquarters in York , `` YO26 '' . The datacentre uses fresh-air cooling , not common in the UK and was shortlisted for Innovation in Medium Data Center at the DatacenterDynamics Awards EMEA 2013 . In 2014 , Bytemark was named one of the Top 50 Fastest Grown Tech Companies in the North at the Northern Tech Awards with revenue growth of 44 % . Financially , Bytemark turned over # 2.5 million in 2013 . In 2014 , this grew to # 3 million . Bytemark has a history of contributing to and support free software . Bytemark offer an ongoing discount to Free software publishers of at least 5 % . Bytemark support LibreOffice through provision of a build server . In 2009 , Bytemark became a supporter of XBMC with the same . In 2012 , Bytemark started supporting Cyanogenmod with build servers . In 2013 , Bytemark contributed hosting services worth # 150,000 to the Debian project having used Debian since the company was founded . Bytemark also supports OpenStreetMap with DNS services and servers to support version control , mailing lists and help pages . Bytemark also support projects for social good including sponsoring servers for mySociety including FixMyStreet , TheyWorkForYou and WhatDoTheyKnow .

neg: Intelligent document Intelligent documents are electronic documents with more functionality than a page designed to emulate paper . Formats include PDF from Adobe , InfoPath from Microsoft , and XForms from W3C . Each is based on using XML as a format for data .   Intelligent documents are essentially interactive electronic documents . Intelligent documents include forms that change on request , personalized web pages , and personalised presentations . They usually require web access and server software .   Intelligent documents are used to help automate business processes , improve customer service , and reduce costs . Intelligent documents are also being used by marketing firms to target consumers more precisely . Programming marketing documents with customer data helps to improve customer loyalty , increase response rates , reduce marketing costs , and build brand recognition .   Some examples would be online shopping sites or free email services which usually use AJAX technology to add `` intelligence '' to its documents . Other more document-centric examples include commercial lending or leasing documents where , by the transactional nature , they can be automated using an assembly line approach with the logic and data embedded directly into the document .   The future of the intelligent document includes tight integration with `` meaning-based computing '' , allowing intelligent completion of forms with recommendations on subject-matter experts and related documents as well as dynamic regeneration based on rules or logic .   Today 's more advanced document automation systems allow users to create their own data and rules ( logic ) without the need for programming .

neg: Evolution of Management Systems ' A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives .   After World War II , the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak . Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines , organizational hierarchies of command , product quality control and mass consumption .   Soon afterwards , the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation ( later referred to as Total quality management ) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus ( process quality control , just-in-time , continuous improvement ) . The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation , ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s .   At the end of the 1980s , business process reengineering focused on the radical redesign of the production process through the reintegration of task , labor and knowledge . As a result , lean , flexible and streamlined production processes were created , capable of fast response and internet-based integration necessary for the upcoming phase of supply chains - business-to-business ( B2B ) -- as well as demand chains -- business-to-customer ( B2C ) .   In the above three stages of Evolution of Management Systems '' ' , the competitive advantage was derived almost exclusively from the internal resources of the firm . At the end of the 1980s , a radical fourth shift has occurred : the competitive advantage became increasingly derived from the external resources of the firm -- through the extended networks of suppliers and customers .   Figure 1 refers to the basic scheme of production and service delivery process . It represents the traditional linear input-process-output management system . This system has been fixed and unchanging for centuries . The only change has been in terms of changing focus on individual components of the system , emphasizing different parts of this basic scheme .   Although the scheme itself ( inputs → process → outputs ) remains mostly unchallenged , there are some indications that this business model will undergo major restructurings in the future ( in the emerging stages of Evolution of Management Systems ) . It will become disaggregated and distributed , subjected to non-linear modularity and bringing forth new ways of making things and delivering services . Then it will become reintegrated again , tying together globally distributed components into a unified recycling whole .

neg: Semantic publishing Semantic publishing on the Web , or semantic web publishing , refers to publishing information on the web as documents accompanied by semantic markup . Semantic publication provides a way for computers to understand the structure and even the meaning of the published information , making information search and data integration more efficient .   Although semantic publishing is not specific to the Web , it has been driven by the rising of the semantic web . In the semantic web , published information is accompanied by metadata describing the information , providing a `` semantic '' context .   Although semantic publishing has the potential to change the face of web publishing , acceptance depends on the emergence of compelling applications . Web sites can already be built with all contents in both HTML format and semantic format . RSS1 .0 , uses RDF ( a semantic web standard ) format , although it has become less popular than RSS2 .0 and Atom .   Semantic publishing has the potential to revolutionize scientific publishing . Tim Berners-Lee predicted in 2001 that the semantic web `` will likely profoundly change the very nature of how scientific knowledge is produced and shared , in ways that we can now barely imagine '' . Revisiting the semantic web in 2006 , he and his colleagues believed the semantic web `` could bring about a revolution in how , for example , scientific content is managed throughout its life cycle '' . Researchers could directly self-publish their experiment data in `` semantic '' format on the web . Semantic search engines could then make these data widely available . The W3C interest group in healthcare and life sciences is exploring this idea .

neg: Microsoft Azure Microsoft Azure -LSB- ˈæʒər -RSB- is a cloud computing service created by Microsoft for building , deploying , and managing applications and services through a global network of Microsoft-managed data centers . It provides software as a service , platform as a service and infrastructure as a service and supports many different programming languages , tools and frameworks , including both Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems .   Azure was announced in October 2008 and released on February 1 , 2010 as Windows Azure , before being renamed to Microsoft Azure on March 25 , 2014 .

neg: List of Amazon.com products and services This is a list of products and services offered by American corporation Amazon.com .


query: Hugh Jackman won an award.

pos: Hugh Jackman Hugh Michael Jackman ( born 12 October 1968 ) is an Australian actor , singer , and producer . Jackman has won international recognition for his roles in a variety of film genres . He is known for his long-running role as Wolverine in the X-Men film series , as well as for his lead roles in films such as the romantic-comedy fantasy Kate & Leopold ( 2001 ) , the action-horror film Van Helsing ( 2004 ) , the magic-themed drama The Prestige ( 2006 ) , the epic fantasy drama The Fountain ( 2006 ) , the epic historical romantic drama Australia ( 2008 ) , the film version of Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , and the thriller Prisoners ( 2013 ) . His work in Les Misérables earned him his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor and his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy in 2013 .   In Broadway theatre , Jackman won a Tony Award for his role in The Boy from Oz . A four-time host of the Tony Awards themselves , he won an Emmy Award for one of these appearances . Jackman also hosted the 81st Academy Awards on 22 February 2009 .

neg: 25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City .   It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center .   A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well .   The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since .   Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards .   Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) .   John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day .   For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .

neg: Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold .   The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .

neg: BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source .   In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .

neg: Hugh Marlowe Hugh Marlowe ( January 30 , 1911May 2 , 1982 ) was an American film , television , stage and radio actor .

neg: Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society .   The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories .   The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin .   In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .

neg: Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor The Nastro d'Argento ( Silver Ribbon ) is a film award assigned each year , since 1946 , by Sindacato Nazionale dei Giornalisti Cinematografici Italiani ( `` Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists '' ) , the association of Italian film critics .   This is the list of Nastro d'Argento awards for Best Actor . Marcello Mastroianni is the record holder with seven Nastro d'Argento awards for Best Actor received from 1955 to 1991 , followed by Vittorio Gassman and Nino Manfredi , both four times winners .

neg: Producers Guild of America Award The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards , created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern , in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product . The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters , including Nick Clooney , Michael Douglas , Robert Guillaume , James Earl Jones , Jack Lemmon , Shirley MacLaine , Garry Marshall , Walter Matthau , Ronald Reagan , Marlo Thomas , Grant Tinker , and Ted Turner , among others .

neg: John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films .   Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed .   Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war .   Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .

neg: 68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8 , 2014 , to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013 -- 14 season . The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City , and was televised live on CBS . Hugh Jackman was the host , his fourth time hosting . The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals , and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards .   The nominations were announced on April 29 , 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu . Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In just her ninth Broadway engagement , McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories , lead and featured in both a play and a musical . In its seventh Broadway incarnation , The Glass Menagerie won its first Tony Award ( Lighting Design ) .   Aladdin 's win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status .

neg: Hugh Honour Hugh Honour FRSL ( 26 September 1927 -- 19 May 2016 ) was a British art historian , known for his writing partnership with John Fleming . Their A World History of Art ( a.k.a. . The Visual Arts : A History ) , is now in its seventh edition and Honour 's Chinoiserie : The Vision of Cathay ( 1961 ) first set the phenomenon of chinoiserie in its European cultural context .

neg: Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role The Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Bodilprisen for bedste mandlige hovedrolle ) is one of the merit categories presented annually by the Danish Film Critics Association at the Bodil Awards . Created in 1948 , it is one of the oldest film awards in Europe , and it honours the best performance by an actor in a leading role in a Danish produced film . The jury can decide not to hand out the award . This has happened five times , in 1952 , 1970 , 1976 , 1985 , and in 1986 .

neg: 78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams .   Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .

neg: Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .

neg: 13th Critics' Choice Awards The 13th Critics ' Choice Awards were given on 7 January 2008 to honor the finest achievements in 2007 filmmaking . D. L. Hughley hosted the event .

neg: Breakthrough Performance Award The Breakthrough Performance Award is presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films , in conjunction with their annual Saturn Award ceremony .

neg: Critics' Circle Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts Each year since 1988 The Critics ' Circle has presented an award for Distinguished Service to the Arts , voted for by all members of the Circle , embracing Dance , Drama , Film , Music , Visual Arts and Architecture .   This performing arts Award takes the form of an engraved crystal rose bowl , presented at a celebratory luncheon . The recipients were :   1988 Sir Peter Hall  1989 Dame Ninette de Valois  1990 Sir Michael Tippett  1991 Sir David Lean  1992 Sir John Mills  1993 Sir Peter Ustinov  1994 Sir John Drummond  1995 Sir Peter Wright  1996 Sir Richard Eyre  1997 Dame Judi Dench  1998 Sir Edward Downes  1999 Harold Pinter  2000 Dame Alicia Markova  2001 Paul Scofield  2002 Sir Alfred Brendel  2003 Sir Ian McKellen  2004 Mike Leigh  2005 Alan Bennett  2006 Dame Helen Mirren  2007 Sir Tom Stoppard  2008 Peter Brook  2009 Sir Alan Ayckbourn  2010 Ken Loach  2011 Stephen Sondheim  2013 Grayson Perry  2014 Sir Nicholas Hytner  2015 Dame Maggie Smith   Category : Performing arts awards

neg: Lee Chambers Lee Chambers ( born 4 February 1970 ) is a British-Canadian writer , film director , and producer . In 2012 he won the Best Screenwriter award from Northern Ontario Music and Film Awards for his Australian short film , Hugh Jackman Saves the World .

neg: Nowhere Man (comics) Nowhere Man is a comic limited series from Virgin Comics created   The series will be an odyssey of futurist science fiction , in an epoch where man has traded privacy for safety . It will be written by Hugh Jackman and Marc Guggenheim , who wrote stories for Wolf and The Amazing Spider-Man and created Eli Stone , with art from Paul Gulacy .   The Australian actor Hugh Jackman affirmed in a bulletin that he hopes that Nowhere Man should reach sufficient popularity as to turn into a movie .

neg: Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media .   By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) .   Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .

neg: Hugh Pond Hubert `` Hugh '' Charles Pond ( 22 February 1923 -- 19 December 2014 ) was an officer in the British Army Parachute Regiment , who won the Military Cross during a daring attack on the Merville battery in Normandy on D-Day .   Pond was later mentioned in despatches for his service with the Commonwealth Division in Korea .   After leaving the Army , Pond became the military correspondent of the Daily Express and , in 1961 joined the Tupperware Company where he became a senior executive .


query: A Few Good Men stars a man.

pos: J. T. Walsh James Thomas Patrick `` J. T. '' Walsh ( September 28 , 1943 -- February 27 , 1998 ) was an American actor . He appeared in many well-known films , including Nixon , Hoffa , A Few Good Men , The Grifters , Backdraft , Miracle on 34th Street , Outbreak , Sling Blade , Breakdown , Pleasantville , The Negotiator , and Good Morning , Vietnam . According to Leonard Maltin , he was known for portraying `` quietly sinister white-collar sleazeballs '' in numerous films , and was described as `` everybody 's favorite scumbag '' by Playboy magazine .

pos: A Few Good Men A Few Good Men is a 1992 American legal drama film directed by Rob Reiner and starring Tom Cruise , Jack Nicholson , and Demi Moore , with Kevin Bacon , Kevin Pollak , Wolfgang Bodison , James Marshall , J. T. Walsh and Kiefer Sutherland in supporting roles . It was adapted for the screen by Aaron Sorkin from his play of the same name but includes contributions by William Goldman . The film revolves around the court-martial of two U.S. Marines charged with the murder of a fellow Marine and the tribulations of their lawyers as they prepare a case to defend their clients .

neg: Carl Lee (actor) Carl Lee ( November 22 , 1926April 17 , 1986 ) , born Carl Vincent Canegata , was an American actor . He was also the son of actor/professional boxer Canada Lee ( 1907 -- 1952 ) .   In a 2000 interview , filmmaker James Toback stated , `` In the sort of hip world of New York , Carl Lee was the hip-black-actor icon . He was for hip people what Sidney Poitier was for mainstream people . ''   Lee played a heroin dealer , the title role in the Obie Award-winning play The Connection . He later appeared in the film version .   Lee , who made his first film appearance in the 1954 film Human Desire , went on to appear in such films as A Man Called Adam in 1966 opposite Sammy Davis , Jr. and Cicely Tyson , and the now classic blaxploitation film Superfly ( with the late Ron O'Neal ) in 1972 . He also appeared in various television roles in such shows as The Defenders , Mannix , and Good Times ( `` Willona 's Surprise '' , 1977 ) in a memorable performance in which he portrayed Willona Woods 's ex-husband Ray , who makes sexual advances towards Thelma ( Bernadette Stanis ) .   Lee suffered a heroin addiction which led to his death .

neg: Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era .   Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) .   Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death .   As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives .   This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .

neg: Jeffrey Lynn Jeffrey Lynn ( born Ragnar Godfrey Lind ; February 16 , 1909 -- November 24 , 1995 ) was an American stage-screen actor and film producer who worked primarily through the Golden Age of Hollywood establishing himself as one of the premier talents of his time . Throughout his acting career , both on stage and in film , he was typecast as `` the attractive , reliable love interest of the heroine , '' or `` the tall , stalwart hero . ''   Born and raised in Massachusetts , he attended Bates College , before working as a teacher . He was tapped to act in his first film in 1938 , which convinced him to move to Hollywood , California . His second film -- Four Daughters ( 1938 ) -- propelled him into national fame sparking three squeals : Daughters Courageous ( 1939 ) , Four Wives ( 1939 ) and Four Mothers ( 1941 ) with Lynn reprising his role in each of them . He was at the center of the Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) screening controversy ; he was noted as the top contender to play Ashley Wilkes , however , the directer eventually chose Leslie Howard instead . Lynn was asked to join James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart in The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) , a gangster noir that garnered him critical praise . His success continued with such films as The Fighting 69th ( 1940 ) in which he portrayed poet-soldier Joyce Kilmer opposite Cagney , It All Came True ( 1940 ) , All This and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) and Million Dollar Baby ( 1941 ) .   His movie career was put on hold for World War II draft , where he received a Bronze Star for his service as a in Italy and Austria as a combat intelligence captain . He returned to the screen in 1948 and was in the notably successful , A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) , which went on to be nominated of best picture in the 1950 prime time Academy Awards . A year later he joined that cast of Home Town Story ( 1951 ) billed alongside Marilyn Monroe . His later film career credits include : BUtterfield 8 ( 1960 ) along with Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey , and Tony Rome ( 1967 ) with Frank Sinatra .   Lynn also began to act on Broadway and was featured in such plays as Any Wednesday ( 1966 ) and Dinner at Eight ( 1967 ) . Later on in his career he found mixed critical success television starring in hit shows such as Robert Montgomery Presents , Your Show of Shows , My Son Jeep ( with young Martin Huston ) , and Lux Video Theatre .   He died in November 1995 in Burbank , California from natural causes and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills . Actor Jeffrey Lynn `` Jeff '' Goldblum is named in honor of Jeffrey Lynn .

neg: John Amos John A. Amos , Jr. ( born December 27 , 1939 ) is an American actor who is best known for his role as James Evans , Sr. on the CBS television series Good Times ( 1974 -- 76 ) . Amos ' other television work includes roles in The Mary Tyler Moore Show , the miniseries Roots , for which he received an Emmy nomination , and a recurring role as Admiral Percy Fitzwallace on The West Wing . Amos also played the father of Will Smith 's character 's girlfriend , Lisa Wilkes , in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , and he had a recurring role on In the House with LL Cool J , as Coach Sam Wilson . Amos played the Father of Tommy Strawn ( Thomas Mikal Ford ) on the long running sitcom , Martin , as Sgt. Strawn , and another recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Chelsea 's dad 's new lover . Amos also played Major Grant , the US Special forces officer in Die Hard 2 . Amos has also appeared on Broadway and in numerous films in a career that spans four decades . He has received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and NAACP Image Award .

neg: The Stunt Man The Stunt Man is a 1980 American film directed by Richard Rush , starring Peter O'Toole , Steve Railsback , and Barbara Hershey . The movie was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and Rush from the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Brodeur . It tells the story of a young fugitive who hides as a stunt double on the set of an anti-war movie whose charismatic director will do seemingly anything for the sake of his art .   It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Peter O'Toole ) , Best Director ( Richard Rush ) , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . However , due to its limited release , it never earned much attention from US audiences at large . As O'Toole remarked in a DVD audio commentary , `` The film was n't released , it escaped . ''

neg: A Master of Men A Master of Men is a 1918 British silent film directed by Wilfred Noy and starring Malcolm Keen , Dorothy Bellew and Marie Hemingway .

neg: Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 .   Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography .   Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups .   Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .

neg: Ed Asner Yitzhak Edward `` Ed '' Asner ( born November 15 , 1929 ) is an American actor , voice actor and a former president of the Screen Actors Guild . He is primarily known for his role as Lou Grant during the 1970s and early 1980s , on both The Mary Tyler Moore Show and its spin-off series Lou Grant , making him one of the few television actors to portray the same leading character in both a comedy and a drama . He is also known for portraying Santa Claus in the comedy film Elf ( 2003 ) and its animated remake Elf : Buddy 's Musical Christmas ( 2014 ) .   In 2009 , he starred as the voice of Carl Fredricksen in Pixar 's animated film Up , and made a guest appearance on CSI : NY in the episode `` Yahrzeit '' . In early 2011 , Asner returned to television as butcher Hank Greziak in Working Class , the first original sitcom on cable channel CMT . He starred in the Canadian television series Michael , Tuesdays and Thursdays , on CBC Television and has appeared in the 2013 television series The Glades . Asner has most recently starred as Guy Redmayne , a homophobic billionaire who supports Alicia Florick 's campaign in the sixth season of The Good Wife .

neg: Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace ( born July 15 , 1930 ) is an American actor of film , stage , and television .

neg: The Lonely Guy The Lonely Guy is a 1984 American romantic comedy film directed by Arthur Hiller and starring Steve Martin . The screenplay is credited to Ed . Weinberger and Stan Daniels ( of Taxi ) as well as Neil Simon ( for `` adaptation '' ) , and is based on the 1978 book The Lonely Guy 's Book of Life by Bruce Jay Friedman .   Martin portrays a greeting card writer who goes through a period of bad luck with women . In his despair , he writes a book titled A Guide for the Lonely Guy , which changes his life .   The film also stars Charles Grodin , Judith Ivey , and Steve Lawrence and features cameo appearances from Merv Griffin , Dr. Joyce Brothers , and Loni Anderson . The theme song , `` Love Comes Without Warning , '' was performed by the band America .

neg: Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .

neg: Bill Thurman Bill Thurman ( November 4 , 1920 -- April 13 , 1995 ) was an American film and television actor . From the early 1960s until his death in 1995 , he frequently appeared in B movies and independent films , often playing `` redneck types '' or sheriffs . He worked with low-budget-director Larry Buchanan on numerous films , for example In the Year 2889 and ` It 's Alive ! ' . Thurman was one of those Southern actors who were specialized in so called `` regional '' pictures , films which were made exclusively for distribution in the Southern States .   However , Thurman also appeared in two movies by Hollywood star director Steven Spielberg and played the Coach Popper , the apparently homosexual husband of Cloris Leachman , in Peter Bogdanovich 's classic The Last Picture Show ( 1971 ) . The character actor also appeared in popular television shows like Dallas and Centennial . One of his last big roles was Reverend McWiley in the horror film Mountaintop Motel Massacre ( 1986 ) .

neg: Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) .   In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s .   Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .

neg: Fred Aldrich Fred Aldrich ( December 23 , 1904 - January 25 , 1979 ) was an American character actor of both film and television . He would break into the film industry in 1939 , appearing in two films that year in small roles : My Son Is Guilty , and the notable , Confessions of a Nazi Spy , which starred Edward G. Robinson and George Sanders . In the course of his thirty-year career he would appear in over 170 films , in small and bit roles . With the advent of television , Aldrich would work in that medium as well , making his first small screen appearance on I Love Lucy , on which he would appear multiple times over the life of the series .   Over the course of his film career he would appear in such notable films as : Kitty Foyle ( 1940 ) , starring Ginger Rogers and Dennis Morgan ; 1945 's The Picture of Dorian Gray , starring George Sanders ; Tycoon ( 1947 ) , starring John Wayne and Laraine Day ; A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court , with Bing Crosby and Rhonda Fleming ; Young Man with a Horn , starring Kirk Douglas , Lauren Bacall , and Doris Day ; the Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn vehicle , Pat and Mike ( 1952 ) ; again with Paul Newman in 1956 's Somebody Up There Likes Me ; The Last Angry Man , starring Paul Muni ; with Rock Hudson and Doris Day in Lover Come Back ( 1961 ) ; the spy spoof , Our Man Flint ( 1966 ) , starring James Coburn ; and 1967 's A Big Hand for the Little Lady , starring Henry Fonda , Joanne Woodward , and Jason Robards .   His television credits include appearances on such shows as The Rifleman , Have Gun - Will Travel , Bat Masterson , The Untouchables , Gunsmoke , Rawhide , and Perry Mason . Aldrich died on January 25 , 1979 .

neg: Paul Nicholas Paul Nicholas ( born Paul Oscar Beuselinck ; 3 December 1944 ) is an English actor and singer . He started out with a pop career , but soon changed to musical theatre . Later , in the 1970s , he began an acting career . He returned to the pop charts , starring in the 1983 BBC sitcom Just Good Friends , for which he is best known . The show won a BAFTA and Nicholas was also nominated for best comedy performance . After the show ended , he returned to musical theatre and various other entertainment roles , including producing and directing .

neg: Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future .   The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon .   After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .

neg: Randolph Scott George Randolph Scott ( January 23 , 1898 -- March 2 , 1987 ) was an American film actor whose career spanned from 1928 to 1962 . As a leading man for all but the first three years of his cinematic career , Scott appeared in a variety of genres , including social dramas , crime dramas , comedies , musicals ( albeit in non-singing and non-dancing roles ) , adventure tales , war films , and a few horror and fantasy films . However , his most enduring image is that of the tall-in-the-saddle Western hero . Out of his more than 100 film appearances over 60 were in Westerns ; thus , `` of all the major stars whose name was associated with the Western , Scott most closely identified with it . ''   Scott 's more than 30 years as a motion picture actor resulted in his working with many acclaimed screen directors , including Henry King , Rouben Mamoulian , Michael Curtiz , John Cromwell , King Vidor , Allan Dwan , Fritz Lang , and Sam Peckinpah . He also worked on multiple occasions with prominent directors : Henry Hathaway ( eight times ) , Ray Enright ( seven ) , Edwin L. Marin ( seven ) , André de Toth ( six ) , and most notably , his seven film collaborations with Budd Boetticher . Scott also worked with a diverse array of cinematic leading ladies , from Shirley Temple and Irene Dunne to Mae West and Marlene Dietrich .   Tall ( 6 ft 2 1/2 in ; 189 cm ) , lanky and handsome , Scott displayed an easygoing charm and courtly Southern drawl in his early films that helped offset his limitations as an actor , where he was frequently found to be stiff or `` lumbering '' . As he matured , however , Scott 's acting improved while his features became burnished and leathery , turning him into the ideal `` strong , silent '' type of stoic hero . The BFI Companion to the Western noted : In his earlier Westerns ... the Scott persona is debonair , easy-going , graceful , though with the necessary hint of steel . As he matures into his fifties his roles change . Increasingly Scott becomes the man who has seen it all , who has suffered pain , loss , and hardship , and who has now achieved ( but at what cost ? ) a stoic calm proof against vicissitude .   During the early 1950s , Scott was a consistent box-office draw . In the annual Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Polls , he ranked 10th in 1950 , seventh in 1951 , and 10th in both 1952 and 1953 . Scott also appeared in the Quigley 's Top Ten Money Makers Poll from 1950 to 1953 .

neg: William Edwin Self William Edwin Self ( June 21 , 1921 -- November 15 , 2010 ) was an American television and feature film producer who began his career as an actor .

neg: Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor .   A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well .   Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released .   Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . ''   When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines :   Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear ,  Such even the nicest critics must allow  Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now .   Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher --   Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1  Brutus in Julius Caesar  Mosca in Volpone  Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant  Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife  Arbaces in A King and No King  Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy  Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy  Welford in The Scornful Lady  Don John in The Chances   -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden --   Marc Antony in All for Love  Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love  Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe  Celadon in The Maiden Queen  Wildblood in An Evening 's Love  Cortez in The Indian Emperour  Aurelian in The Assignation   -- and by other dramatists --   Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife  Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer  Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem  Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow  Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens  Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus  Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince .   In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .

neg: Ben Carruthers Benito `` Ben '' F. Carruthers ( August 14 , 1936 in Illinois , USA -- September 27 , 1983 in Los Angeles , California ) was an American film actor , most notable for his role in John Cassavetes ' debut feature film Shadows ( 1959 ) . His other films included A High Wind in Jamaica ( 1965 ) , Robert Aldrich 's The Dirty Dozen ( 1967 ) as Glenn Gilpin , Fearless Frank ( 1967 ) , To Grab the Ring ( 1968 ) , The Lost Continent ( 1968 ) , Riot ( 1969 ) as the unpredictable and psychotic Joe Surefoot , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) , and Universal Soldier ( 1971 ) .