query: Mother Teresa spent 18 years of her life in Macedonia.

pos: Mother Teresa Mother Teresa , known in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta ( born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu ; -LSB- aˈɲɛzə ˈɡɔndʒɛ bɔjaˈdʒiu -RSB- ; 26 August 1910 -- 5 September 1997 ) , was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary . She was born in Skopje ( now the capital of the Republic of Macedonia ) , then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire . After living in Macedonia for eighteen years she moved to Ireland and then to India , where she lived for most of her life .   In 1950 Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity , a Roman Catholic religious congregation which had over 4,500 sisters and was active in 133 countries in 2012 . The congregation manages homes for people dying of HIV/AIDS , leprosy and tuberculosis ; soup kitchens ; dispensaries and mobile clinics ; children 's - and family-counselling programmes ; orphanages , and schools . Members , who take vows of chastity , poverty , and obedience , also profess a fourth vow : to give `` wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor '' .   Teresa received a number of honours , including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize . She was canonised ( recognised by the church as a saint ) on 4 September 2016 , and the anniversary of her death ( 5 September ) is her feast day .   A controversial figure during her life and after her death , Teresa was admired by many for her charitable work . She was praised and criticised for her opposition to abortion , and criticised for poor conditions in her houses for the dying . Her authorised biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992 , and she has been the subject of films and other books .

neg: Petar Kočić Petar Kočić ( Петар Кочић 29 June 1877 -- 27 August 1916 ) was a Bosnian Serb writer , playwright , poet and politician . Born in rural northwestern Bosnia in the final days of Ottoman rule , Kočić began writing around the turn of the century , first poetry and then prose . While a student at the University of Vienna , he became politically active and began agitating for agrarian reforms within Bosnia and Herzegovina , which had been occupied by Austria-Hungary following the Ottomans ' withdrawal in 1878 . Other reforms that Kočić demanded were freedom of the press and freedom of assembly , which had been denied to the province 's inhabitants by Austria-Hungary .   In 1905 , Kočić relocated to Skopje with his family , but was forced to return to Vienna after falling out with the local Serbian archimandrite . The following year , he and his family moved to Sarajevo , where Kočić became the general secretary of Prosveta ( Enlightenment ) , a Serb cultural society . In 1906 and 1907 , he led several demonstrations , including a general strike and a protest targeting a Croatian newspaper . The latter incident prompted the authorities to issue Kočić with an ultimatum , constraining him to leave Sarajevo or face arrest . He was arrested by the Austro-Hungarians in 1907 for publishing an anti-Habsburg tract in the newspaper Otadžbina ( Fatherland ) , and sentenced to seven months ' imprisonment . Further criticisms of the Austro-Hungarian administration in the newspaper resulted in his arrest and imprisonment on two subsequent occasions . He spent the majority of his imprisonment in solitary confinement , which caused him to slip into a deep depression .   Bosnia and Herzegovina was officially annexed by Austria-Hungary during Kočić 's imprisonment . His sentence was commuted in early 1909 , as part of a general amnesty . In 1910 , Kočić successfully ran for a seat in the Bosnian Parliament ( Sabor ) , whose creation had been approved by the Austro-Hungarians earlier that year . Kočić became the leader of what one historian describes as `` the most uncompromising anti-Austrian Serb nationalists in Bosnia-Herzegovina '' . He lobbied for increased concessions to Bosnian Serb peasants and farmers , and advocated for various structural reforms , agitating against at the Austro-Hungarians , as well as the Bosnian Muslim landowning class , which had emerged from the Ottoman withdrawal largely unscathed . He left the Sabor in 1913 , citing mental exhaustion . In January 1914 , Kočić was admitted into a Belgrade mental hospital , where he died two years later , amid the destruction of World War I and the city 's occupation by Austria-Hungary .   Kočić was one of the most important Bosnian Serb politicians of the Austro-Hungarian era , as well as one of the most important South Slavic playwrights of the 20th century . He was noted for his sharp wit and fiery temperament , which the Austro-Hungarian authorities frequently found themselves on the receiving end of . Kočić 's works not only influenced an entire generation of Bosnian-Herzegovinian intellectuals , such as future Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić , but also the Serbian and Yugoslav nationalist movements , as well as the Bosnian autonomist and Yugoslav communist movements . Numerous streets in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia carry his name , and his likeness has appeared on Bosnian 100 KM banknotes since 1998 .

neg: Maria Gaetana Agnesi Maria Gaetana Agnesi ( -LSB- maˈriːa ɡaeˈtaːna aɲˈɲeːzi , - eːsi ; - ɛːzi -RSB- ; 16 May 1718 -- 9 January 1799 ) was an Italian mathematician , philosopher , theologian and humanitarian . She was the first woman to write a mathematics handbook and the first woman appointed as a Mathematics Professor at a university .   She is credited with writing the first book discussing both differential and integral calculus and was a member of the faculty at the University of Bologna , although she never served .   She devoted the last four decades of her life to studying theology ( especially patristics ) and to charitable work and serving the poor . This extended to helping the sick by allowing them entrance into her home where she set up a hospital . She was a devout Catholic and wrote extensively on the marriage between intellectual pursuit and mystical contemplation , most notably in her essay Il cielo mistico ( The Mystic Heaven ) . She saw the rational contemplation of God as a complement to prayer and contemplation of the life , death and resurrection of Jesus Christ .   Maria Teresa Agnesi Pinottini , clavicembalist and composer , was her sister .

neg: President of Macedonia The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia . The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991 . Its first president was Kiro Gligorov , the oldest president in the world until his resignation in 1999 . The Macedonian presidency is largely a ceremonial post and the Prime Minister of Macedonia is the country 's leading political figure and de facto chief executive .   The president must be a citizen of the Republic of Macedonia , be over 40 years of age and have lived in Macedonia for at least ten of the previous fifteen years .

neg: Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina Health in Bosnia and Herzegovina was impacted by the Balkan War of the early 1990s , during which Bosnia and Herzegovina declared their independence . Bosnia faced many challenges during the war , including bombings throughout the country that ruined much of the infrastructure . Parallel regimes took over Bosnia and flipped the country upside down with land mines , bullets , and bombings . The war displaced over 800,000 refugees and killed over 100,000 people . The war in Bosnia also consisted of an ethnic `` cleanse '' of Bosnian Muslims initiated by Bosnian Serbs , which included containment of Bosniaks in concentration camps . The war ended with NATO involvement and the Dayton Agreement in 1995 . The Dayton Agreement acknowledges Bosnia and Herzegovina as a democratic country and the country is moving toward the basic principals that accompany that , such as civil rights and equality . During the war there was minimal attention given to the standard of health and major public health concerns , such as pest control , hygiene , disinfection , and import and export programs , were all interrupted or stopped .  The war affected Bosnia in many ways . The war torn country not only lost much of the infrastructure , but the economy and the governmental system were also affected . It is estimated that there are still thousands of people living as refugees and a large portion of the population still fall under the United Nations High Commission of Refugees category of a refugee or displaced person . The shortcomings of the current health care system include the lack of communication between health care centers , lack of skills , and lack of standards that are uniform throughout the country .

neg: Mavrovo (region) Mavrovo ( Маврово -LSB- ˈmavrɔvɔ -RSB- ) is a valley region in the northwest of the Republic of Macedonia . It is home to Mavrovo National Park and a winter sports center . Some of the villages and smaller hamlets include : Mavrovo , Nikiforovo , Leunovo , and Mavrovi Anovi . This micro region is named Mavrovo after the most populated settlement in the region , the village of Mavrovo .   The region 's location at Bistra mountain and the Lake Mavrovo have helped it grow into a year-round tourist center . Mavrovo is the most popular ski center in Macedonia .   The ski center named Zare Lazareski has two double chair lifts , one single lift chair with over 1100 person capacity per hour , several ski lifts with synchronized connection and a capacity of over 5000 persons per hour . The ski center has also received a renovation that increased the capacity of ski lifts and ski chairs . The ski trails start at 1960 m and end at 1250 m above sea level . There are plans to build a ski jumping facility in Macedonia , possibly in Mavrovo .   The Mavrovo lake lies at an altitude of 1220 m . It is 12 km long , 3 km wide and covers an area of 13.3 square kilometers . The coast is 24 km long . The deepest measured spot of the lake is 48 m deep .

neg: Gomionica Monastery The Gomionica Monastery is a Serbian Orthodox monastery dedicated to the Presentation of Mary and located at the village of Kmećani , 42 kilometres west of Banja Luka , in the Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The monastery is the spiritual centre of the region known as Zmijanje .   It was founded before 1536 , though the exact date of its foundation is unknown . It was referred to as Zalužje in 16th-century sources , while its current name comes from a nearby river . In the second half of the 16th century , the abbot of the monastery was credited by the Ottomans for the peaceful attitude of the population of a wide area around Gomionica .   The monastery may have been abandoned , at least partially , at the end of the 17th century ( after the Great Turkish War ) , and during the 1730s . The church was refurbished several times during the 18th and 19th centuries . Writer Petar Kočić attended the elementary school organised at the monastery . It was badly damaged during World War II , and its abbot , Serafim Štrkić , was murdered in 1941 by the Nazi-affiliated Croatian Ustaše .   After the war , Gomionica became a female monastery . In 1953 , it was designated as a cultural monument of Yugoslavia , and in 2006 , it was proclaimed a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The treasury of Gomionica contains icons created in the 16th to 19th centuries , as well as manuscripts and printed books created in the 14th to 17th centuries . A silver-gilt cross formerly owned by the monastery , made in 1640 , is now in the collection of the University of London , which acquired it from the private collection of Thomas Gambier Parry .

neg: List of cities in the Republic of Macedonia This is a list of cities and towns in the Republic of Macedonia . In the country there are 34 cities , of which 5 have population of over 50,000 and 12 towns with population of under 10,000 people . The capital city , Skopje , is home to around 25 % of the total population of the country . As of 2002 , 59.5 % of the population lived in urban areas .  Twelve Macedonian towns have population under 10,000 : Demir Hisar ( 2,593 ) , Pehčevo ( 3,237 ) , Demir Kapija ( 3,275 ) , Makedonski Brod ( 3,740 ) , Valandovo ( 4,402 ) , Makedonska Kamenica ( 5,147 ) , Kruševo ( 5,330 ) , Bogdanci ( 6,011 ) , Kratovo ( 6,924 ) , Berovo ( 7,002 ) , Probištip ( 8,714 ) and Resen ( 8,748 ) . These towns are officially called `` cities '' , but they are often called as `` small towns '' ( гратчиња , gratčinja ) , because of the size of the population .   In Macedonia there are only 5 cities with population of over 50,000 : Skopje ( 506,926 ) , Bitola ( 74,550 ) , Kumanovo ( 70,842 ) , Prilep ( 66,246 ) and Tetovo ( 52,915 ) . These are the largest cities in the country .   Seventeen Macedonian towns have population between 10,000 and 50,000 : Veles ( 43,716 ) , Štip ( 43,652 ) , Ohrid ( 42,033 ) , Gostivar ( 35,847 ) , Strumica ( 35,311 ) , Kavadarci ( 29,188 ) , Kočani ( 28,330 ) , Kičevo ( 27,067 ) , Struga ( 16,559 ) , Radoviš ( 16,223 ) , Gevgelija ( 15,685 ) , Debar ( 14,561 ) , Kriva Palanka ( 14,558 ) , Sveti Nikole ( 13,746 ) , Negotino ( 13,284 ) , Delčevo ( 11,500 ) and Vinica ( 10,863 ) . These towns are often referred to as `` cities of medium size '' .

neg: Lake Prespa Prespa is the name of two freshwater lakes in southeast Europe , shared by Albania , Greece , and the Republic of Macedonia . Of the total surface area , 176.3 km ² belongs to the Republic of Macedonia , 46.3 km ² to Albania and 36.4 km ² to Greece . They are the highest tectonic lakes in the Balkans , standing at an elevation of 853 m ( 2,798 ft ) .   The Great Prespa Lake ( Liqeni i Prespës , Μεγάλη Πρέσπα , Megáli Préspa , Преспанско Езеро , Prespansko Ezero ) is divided between Albania , Greece and Macedonia . The Small Prespa Lake ( Greek : Μικρή Πρέσπα , Mikri Prespa ; Albanian : Prespa e Vogël ) is shared only between Greece ( 138 km ² drainage area ; 42.5 km ² surface area ) and Albania ( 51 km ² drainage area ; 4.3 km ² surface area ) .   The area contains three National Parks located in Albania ( Prespa National Park ) , Greece , and the Republic of Macedonia respectively . The largest town in the Prespa Lakes region is Resen in the Republic of Macedonia . In 2014 , the Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia was added to UNESCO 's World Network of Biosphere Reserves .

neg: Kozjak (mountain) Kozjak ( -LSB- ) is a mountain situated on the border between the Republic of Macedonia and Serbia . It is situated north-east from Kumanovo . The tallest peak of Kozjak is Virovi at 1284 meters . The region is also known as Kozjačija .   During World War II Kozjak was occupied by Draža Mihajlović 's Chetniks , and was a ground of severe battles between them and the Macedonian National Liberation Army .   Kozjak is famous for the Prohor Pčinjski monastery in which the first session of the ASNOM was held on 2 August 1944 .

neg: Giannitsa Giannitsa ( Γιαννιτσά -LSB- ʝaniˈt͡sa -RSB- , in English also Yannitsa , Yenitsa ) is the largest city in the regional unit of Pella and the capital of the Pella municipality , in the region of Central Macedonia in northern Greece .   The municipal unit Giannitsa has an area of 208.105 km2 . Its population is 31,983 people ( 2011 census ) . It includes a few outlying villages ( Mesiano , Melissi , Pentaplatanos , Archontiko , Ampelies and Damiano ) . The municipality Pella as a whole includes many villages and has 63,122 inhabitants . The city is located in the center of Macedonia between Mount Paiko and the plain of Giannitsa , and is the economic , commercial and industrial center of the Pella regional unit . European route E86 ( Greek National Road 2 ) runs along the south of the city .   The former shallow , swampy , and variable-sized Giannitsa Lake or Loudias Lake , fed by the Loudias River and south of the city , was drained in 1928-1932 by the New York Foundation Company .   About 7 km from Giannitsa are the ruins of ancient Pella , birthplace of Alexander the Great and capital of ancient Macedonia . The city is 48 km from Thessaloniki .

neg: Lake Ohrid Lake Ohrid ( Охридско Езеро , -LSB- ˈɔxridzkɔ ˈɛzɛrɔ -RSB- , Liqeni i Ohrit , -LSB- liˈcɛni i ˈɔhrit -RSB- , Liqeni i Pogradecit ) , straddles the mountainous border between southwestern Macedonia and eastern Albania . It is one of Europe 's deepest and oldest lakes , preserving a unique aquatic ecosystem that is of worldwide importance , with more than 200 endemic species . The importance of the lake was further emphasized when it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979 and when , in 2010 , NASA decided to name one of Titan 's lakes after Lake Ohrid . In 2014 , the Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia was added to UNESCO 's World Network of Biosphere Reserves . The towns situated at the lakeside are Pogradec in Albania , along with Ohrid and Struga in Macedonia . The lake is otherwise densely surrounded by settlements in the form of villages and resorts in both basin countries .

neg: Panagia Katakekrymeni-Portokalousa Panagia-Katakekrymeni-Portokalousa Argous ( Greek Παναγία Κατακεκρυμμένη - Πορτοκαλούσα Άργους ) is a former monastery and church in Argos on the slopes of Mount Larissa , roughly translating to `` Our Hidden Lady the Orange-Bearer of Argos . '' Its official title is the Monastery of the The Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple , but it derives its popular name from the secreting of an ancient icon of Panagia ( Virgin Mary ) in a cave below the church , hideen by the branches of orange trees .   The icon was hidden due to concerns for its safety during a Turkish military action in 1803 by Ottoman forces based in Tripoli . According to tradition , when the monks went to retrieve the icon , a second traditional icon thought lost had miraculously appeared next to the one that was hidden . These `` lost '' or `` hidden '' icons are now `` found , '' and on display in the chapel . The Marian icons are in the glykophiloussa ( `` sweetly-kissing '' ) style , which depict Mary kissing the baby Jesus . On feast days , they are carried in procession decorated with local oranges .   The events in Tripoli were connected to the history of Saint Demetrius the Neomartyr of the Peloponnese , a Greek Orthodox Christian boy born in Floka and raised in Ligouditsa , both in Arcadia , near Tripoli . He converted to Islam as a boy , but later repented and became an Orthodox monk . Demetrius decided that to expiate his sins , he must perform a great penance by returning to Tripoli to confess publicly that he was recanting his conversion to Islam . His abbot tried to dissuade him , to no avail , and Demetrius returned to Tripoli and publicly confessed his re-conversion to Christianity . Because of this , he was tried by a Turkish judge for apostasy from Islam and convicted and sentenced to die in 1803 , despite the attempted intercession of a Turkish friend , who tried to cover up for him . Thus , in addition to celebrating the icons of the Panagia , the church at the former monastery is also used for an annual commemoration of Demetrius .   The monastery was founded in the 18th century as a Greek Orthodox nunnery , and became the site of a secret Greek school under the Ottoman occupation of Greece . During the Greek war of Independence , it was used as the first national mint of Greece to strike coinage for the Greek government . It became a male monastery in 1856 , and the surrounding land became a glebe for the monks .   From 1911-1976 , under the administrations of Hieromonks Joseph and Makarios Drosos , the chapel was re-dedicated in honor of Saint John the Baptist , ( called `` The Forerunner '' in Greek ) , because Saint Demetrius the Neomartyr had become a monk at a monastery dedicated to Saint John on the island of Chios before returning to Tripoli . While the monastery buildings are still intact , local monks now reside at other monasteries in the area and act as caretakers for the site .

neg: Teresa Janina Kierocińska Venerable Mother Teresa Kierocińska ( in religious , Janina ) was born on 14 June 1885 in Wieluń , in a large , patriotic family . She finished high school in Wieluń . Janina felt the need for total devotion to God on the day of her First Holy Communion but she could n't follow her call because of the refusal of the family , especially her father . At home she led a life of prayer , deep devotion , self-denial and love towards her neighbours . During her adolescence she came to know the works of Saint Teresa of Jesus which were a great influence in her spiritual life .   From 1909 , Anzelm Gądek , a Servant of God and a Discalced Carmelite , became her spiritual guide . It was he who founded the first active-contemplative Congregation of the Carmelite Sisters of the Child Jesus , on 31 December 1921 . Janina became the first mother superior and a co-founder of the Congregation . From that time on , as Mother Teresa of St. Joseph , she started her service to God and people , poorest both in moral and material sense , in the district of Sosnowiec .   She had been the superior of the congregation for 25 years , till the day of her death . She followed the constitution of the congregation forming the life of the sisters in the spirit of the Divine Childhood and apostolic and charitable work among the poor . She had a special veneration to the Infant Jesus , Holy Eucharist , the most Holy Face of Jesus , Our Lady of Mt Carmel , and St. Joseph .   During the Second World War , she showed heroic courage saving many young girls from deportation to Germany by hiding them in the cloister . She helped refugees , soldiers of the Home Army , organized an orphanage and a canteen for the poor , and taught them clandestinely . In 1992 , she was posthumously honored by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem as Righteous Among the Nations for saving Jewish refugees .   After the Second World War , she was actively involved in new tasks of the Catholic Church in Poland . The people of Zagłębie district considered her to be simply their Mother . The sisters of the congregation taught catechism in the schools , ran a kindergarten and performed works of charity .   Her deep union with God was shown by magnanimous and servantlike love of neighbour . Throughout her life she cultivated the spirit of prayer and Carmelite self-denial .   She died in the opinion of holiness on 12 July 1946 in Sosnowiec . The process of her cause towards sainthood in the Archdiocese of Częstochowa lasted from 1983-88 . In May 2013 , Pope Francis signed the decree of her heroic virtues . Her earthly remains are found in the church of her congregation in Sosnowiec ( ul . Matki Teresy Kierocińskiej 25 ) .

neg: Macedonia naming dispute The Macedonia naming dispute is a political dispute regarding the use of the name Macedonia between the southeastern European countries of Greece and the Republic of Macedonia , formerly a federal unit of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Pertinent to its background is an early 20th century multifaceted dispute and armed conflict that formed part of the background to the Balkan Wars . The specific naming dispute , although an existing issue in Yugoslav -- Greek relations since World War II , was reignited after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the newly gained independence of the former Socialist Republic of Macedonia in 1991 . Since then , it has been an ongoing issue in bilateral and international relations .   Citing historical and territorial concerns resulting from the ambiguity between the Republic of Macedonia , the adjacent Greek region of Macedonia and the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon which falls mostly within Greek Macedonia , Greece opposes the use of the name `` Macedonia '' by the Republic of Macedonia without a geographical qualifier such as `` Northern Macedonia '' for use by all and for all purposes . As millions of ethnic Greeks identify themselves as Macedonians , unrelated to the Slavic people who are associated with the Republic of Macedonia , Greece further objects to the use of the term `` Macedonian '' for the neighboring country 's largest ethnic group and its language . The Republic of Macedonia is accused of appropriating symbols and figures that are historically considered part of Greek culture such as the Vergina Sun and Alexander the Great , and of promoting the irredentist concept of a United Macedonia , which involves territorial claims on Greece , Bulgaria , Albania , and Serbia .   The dispute has escalated to the highest level of international mediation , involving numerous attempts to achieve a resolution . In 1995 , the two countries formalised bilateral relations and committed to start negotiations on the naming issue , under the auspices of the United Nations . Until a solution is found , the provisional reference `` the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia '' ( sometimes unofficially abbreviated as FYROM ) is used by international organisations and states which do not recognise translations of the constitutional name Republic of Macedonia ( Република Македонија , Republika Makedonija ) . UN members , and the UN as a whole , have agreed to accept any final agreement on a new name resulting from negotiations between the two countries . The parties are represented by Ambassadors Vasko Naumovski and Adamantios Vassilakis , under the mediation of Matthew Nimetz .

neg: Macedonian Struggle The Macedonian Struggle ( Μακεδονικὸς Ἀγών , Makedhonikos Agon ) or Greek Struggle in Macedonia ( Гръцка въоръжена пропаганда в Македония , `` Greek armed propaganda in Macedonia '' ) was a series of social , political , cultural and military conflicts between Greeks and Bulgarians in the region of Ottoman Macedonia between 1893 and 1908 . The conflict was part of a wider rebel war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks , Bulgarians and Serbs all fought over Macedonia . Gradually the Greek bands gained the upper hand , but the conflict was ended by the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 .

neg: Gymnasium Kiril Pejčinoviḱ Gymnasium Kiril Pejčinoviḱ '' ( in Macedonian : СОУ Гимназија „ Кирил Пејчиновиќ `` , Albanian : Gjimnazi „ Kiril Pejcinoviq `` ) is a gymnasium  in Tetovo , Macedonia . It was established in 1947 and named after the enlightener Kiril Pejčinoviḱ .

neg: Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart, Bitola The Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart It is the name given to a religious building of the Catholic church that is located in the city of Bitola in the Republic of Macedonia and is the co-cathedral of the Diocese of Skopje . The establishment of the church dates back to the nineteenth century , by the Vincentians , who set out to spread the Catholic faith among the Orthodox population of the Ottoman Empire . The founder of the Church was Juan Jose Lepavek , who in 1857 bought a hotel from which to develop future church , completed in 1870 , but destroyed by fire in 1900 . The present church dates from 1909 and is neo-Gothic style . The church tower was built between 1938 and 1940 .

neg: Štip Štip ( Штип -LSB- ʃtip -RSB- ) is the largest urban agglomeration in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia , serving as the economic , industrial , entertainment and educational focal point for the surrounding municipalities . As of the 2002 census , the Štip municipality alone had a population of about 47,796 . Štip is the largest textile production center in the country ; Center of the fashion industry in Macedonia , as well as the location of the sole public university in eastern Macedonia , Goce Delčev University of Štip . The city of Štip is the seat of Štip Municipality .

neg: Rozhen Monastery The Rozhen Monastery of the Nativity of the Mother of God ( Роженски манастир '' Рождество Богородично '' , Rozhenski manastir `` Rozhdestvo Bogorodichno '' ) is the biggest monastery in the Pirin Mountains in southwestern Bulgaria . It is one of the few medieval Bulgarian monasteries well preserved until today .   The earliest archaeological evidence of medieval life at the place is a grave with a few coins and decorations from the time of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos ( 1259 -- 1282 ) . Some other items also date to the 13th century while the marble frieze above the central gate of the church dates to the 13th or 14th century . A couple of new buildings were constructed in the monastery at the time of Despot Alexius Slav . The earliest written source testifying to the monastery 's existence is a note on a chant book from 1551 , today in the Great Lavra library on Mount Athos .   The monastery church was built before the 15th century and painted in 1597 ; some of those frescoes are preserved . In 1611 , the south facade was painted . The Rozhen Monastery was devastated by fire between 1662 and 1674 , destroying the library and severely damaging most buildings . The monastery was restored over the next century with the financial help of rich Bulgarians from the whole country . The reconstruction began in 1715 and was fully finished in 1732 .   The monastery reached its apogee in the 19th century , when it was a regional centre of Orthodox Christianity and owned a lot of land in the area . Famous Bulgarian revolutionary Yane Sandanski 's grave is located near the monastery .

neg: Museum of the Macedonian Struggle (Skopje) The Museum of the Macedonian Struggle for Sovereignty and Independence - Museum of VMRO - Museum of the Victims of the Communist Regime is a national museum of the Republic of Macedonia located in the capital city of Skopje . Construction of the museum began on 11 June 2008 and it was opened to the public on the 20th anniversary of the declaration of independence on September 8th , 2011 . The building is located between the Museum of Archaeology ( under construction ) , the Holocaust Museum of Macedonia , the Stone Bridge and the Vardar River .   The exhibit covers the period from the beginning of the resistance movement against the Ottoman rule , until the declaration of independence from Yugoslavia on 8 September 1991 . The guided tours take visitors through 13 exhibits ending in front of the original copy of the 1991 Declaration of Independence .


query: The Beatles have sold over 100 million certified units.

pos: The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960 . With members John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr , they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era . Rooted in skiffle , beat and 1950s rock and roll , the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles , ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock , often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways . In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as `` Beatlemania '' , and as the group 's music grew in sophistication in subsequent years , led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney , they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s .   The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960 , with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player . The core of Lennon , McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers , including Pete Best , before asking Starr to join them in 1962 . Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act , and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings , greatly expanding their popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit , `` Love Me Do '' , in late 1962 . They acquired the nickname `` the Fab Four '' as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year , and by early 1964 became international stars , leading the `` British Invasion '' of the United States pop market . From 1965 onwards , the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings , including the albums Rubber Soul ( 1965 ) , Revolver ( 1966 ) , Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band ( 1967 ) , The Beatles ( commonly known as the White Album , 1968 ) and Abbey Road ( 1969 ) . After their break-up in 1970 , they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths . McCartney and Starr , the surviving members , remain musically active . Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980 , and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001 .   The Beatles are the best-selling band in history , with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide . They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act . According to the RIAA , the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States , with 178 million certified units . In 2008 , the group topped Billboard magazine 's list of the all-time most successful `` Hot 100 '' artists ; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty . They have received ten Grammy Awards , an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards . The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 , and all four were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015 . They were also collectively included in Time magazine 's compilation of the twentieth century 's 100 most influential people .

neg: The Beatles' 1965 UK tour The Beatles ' 1965 tour of the United Kingdom was a concert tour that took place between 3 and 12 December 1965 , comprising 18 shows at nine venues across England , Scotland and Wales . It coincided with the release of the Beatles ' studio album Rubber Soul and their double A-side single `` Day Tripper '' / `` We Can Work It Out '' , and was the final UK tour undertaken by the band . Weary of Beatlemania , the group conceded to do the tour but refused to also perform a season of Christmas concerts as they had done over the 1963 -- 64 and 1964 -- 65 holiday seasons .

neg: Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 .   In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .

neg: The Beatles' Christmas records The Beatles ' Christmas records were spoken and musical messages from English rock group The Beatles that were posted out on flexi disc at Christmas time to members of their official fan-clubs in the United Kingdom and the United States . One such record was issued each year from 1963 to 1969 and an LP compilation of all seven in 1970 .   Conceived as a means to appease fan-club members whose letters , due to their sheer volume , were not always being answered in a timely manner , the records included the Beatles ' messages of thanks to `` loyal Beatle people '' , along with skits , Christmas carols , and original compositions .   None of the original recordings has ever been subject to general release , though a version of `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' , an original composition which appeared in edited form on the 1967 record , eventually gained an official release in 1995 , as part of The Beatles Anthology project .

neg: What Goes On (Beatles song) `` What Goes On '' is a song by the Beatles , featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album Rubber Soul . The song was later released as the B-side of the US single `` Nowhere Man '' , and then as the tenth track on the North America-only album Yesterday and Today . It is the only song by the band credited to Lennon -- McCartney-Starkey .

neg: The Early Tapes of the Beatles The Early Tapes of The Beatles is the first digital repackaging of the 1962 German album by Tony Sheridan and The Beatles called My Bonnie . The original repackage was first issued in Germany in 1964 and titled The Beatles ' First '' . It was recorded at Hamburg in 1961 . This repackage was released in 1984 . Most of the tracks feature vocals by Sheridan . Only tracks 1-5 , 7 , 10 , and 11 actually feature the Beatles ; the other songs are performed by Sheridan and other musicians , identified as `` The Beat Brothers '' . This album was reissued with a different design in 2004 on Universal Music 's Spectrum label .

neg: We Can Work It Out `` We Can Work It Out '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon . It was first issued as a double A-side single with `` Day Tripper '' in December 1965 . The release marked the first time that both tracks on a Beatles single were designated as joint A-sides . The song was recorded during the sessions for the band 's Rubber Soul album .   `` We Can Work It Out '' is a comparatively rare example of a Lennon -- McCartney collaboration from this period in the Beatles ' career , in that it recalls the level of collaboration the two songwriters had shared when writing the group 's hit singles of 1963 . This song , `` A Day in the Life '' , `` Baby , You 're a Rich Man '' and `` I 've Got a Feeling '' , are among the notable exceptions .

neg: Only a Northern Song `` Only a Northern Song '' is a song by English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 album Yellow Submarine . Written by George Harrison , it was recorded mainly in February 1967 during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album . Instead , it was one of the four new songs that the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine , to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists .   Harrison wrote `` Only a Northern Song '' out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles ' publishing company , Northern Songs . The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published , and at how , following its public listing in 1965 , the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did . The recording features Hammond organ , played by Harrison , and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices , anticipating John Lennon 's 1968 sound collage `` Revolution 9 '' . Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources , `` Only a Northern Song '' remained a rare song from the Beatles ' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999 . That year , it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack .   The song has received a varied response from reviewers ; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a `` self-indulgent dirge '' , the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles ' best works in the psychedelic rock genre . A version of the song with a different vocal part , and omitting the sound collage overdubs , was issued on the Beatles ' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2 . Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered `` Only a Northern Song '' .

neg: List of artists who have spent the most weeks on the UK music charts This is a list of artists who have spent more than one thousand weeks on the UK Singles Chart and UK Albums Chart combined . It uses the methodology used to compile a top 500 list in the British Hit Singles & Albums books until 2005 . Any album or single must be credited to the named artist and must appear in the top 75 singles or albums chart as recorded by the Official Charts Company .   Elvis Presley has the most weeks on the singles charts with 1,302 weeks for 165 singles . Cliff Richard and Rihanna are the only other artists to record over one thousand weeks in the singles chart . Rihanna has the most weeks in the singles chart since 2000 , with 1058 between September 2005 and September 2016 -- an average of over 1.8 singles per chart week during this eleven-year period .   Queen have the most weeks on the albums chart with over 1,400 weeks , followed by ten other artists with more than a thousand weeks . David Bowie passed the thousand-week mark following his death in January 2016 , when 16 of his albums entered or re-entered the top 75 .

neg: Yamaha MT-100 The Yamaha MT-100 Multitrack Cassette Recorder is an analog tool developed for recording artists in the late 1980s . It was marketed just before the advent of Digital Audio Tape .  In essence it allowed variable speed recording of 4 tracks of audio that could be mixed and merged and re-recorded onto standard cassette tape . It had its broadest applications with keyboard and guitar players .   The Yamaha MT-100 is useful to capture multi part ideas quickly and simply . Yamaha created the DX7 keyboard , RX 5 drum machine , RX 11 DRUM Machine and QX1 sequencer . A sequencer is a device that records MIDI Data digitally capturing musical arrangement code vs. capturing sounds on tape . This was a revelation at the time for people working with Samplers and Synthesizers that had multi-track music sequencer built in .   Direct line in recording from sequencers allowed for remarkably clean recordings with a usable dynamic audio range .   Introduction from Manual :   CONGRATULATIONS ! Your MT100 Multitrack Cassette Recorder is a fine creative tool that will help you work with sound in many ways . No other multitrack cassette recorder offfers the straight forward simplicity and ease-of-use of the MT1OO . Whether you need to record acoustic instruments or voice using microphones , electronic instruments and sources via direct line , or a creative blend of the two , the MT1OO makes the process of building up your own sound extraordinarily smooth and simple . You can simply record and remix four tracks , or use the multitrack `` ping-pong '' recording technique to individually record up to ten independent parts - adding sound layer by layer until you create exactly the arrangement and texture your imagination demands . The MT100 is just as easy to use alone or with a band . And , because it 's a YAMAHA , you know that the MT100 will give you the finest sound quality and overall performance available .   In order to make use of the MT 100 's many features and obtain maximum performance , we urge you to read this operation manual thoroughly - and keep it in a safe place for later reference .

neg: Records and achievements of Madonna American singer Madonna , throughout her career , spanning three decades , has obtained a remarkable series of statistical achievements , setting and breaking several world records with her participation in entrepreneurial activities , of acting and her performance in the musical scene for her videos , singles , albums , and tours .   Her first appearance in the Guinness Book of World Records was in 1986 with her third studio album , True Blue . Since then , she has earned multiple appearances , some 20 at least in February 2012 , including her insigne record title as the top-selling female recording artist of all time . Madonna 's commerciality has achieved scrutiny studies and analysis from different point of view in the academia world or by marketers , through her marketing strategies , controversies and reinvention , surpassing to others new or contemporary artists . In popular culture , many international artists have been called `` Madonna '' , many times , by their impact and success in their respective countries or genres . Also , her presence in popular culture , has been led to create world records about Madonna . Dubbed as the most successful and most influential female artist of all time , Madonna 's music is defined in several occasions , for changing contemporary music history for women 's , mainly rock , dance and pop scene .

neg: Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act .   With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born .   By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .

neg: British rock and roll British rock and roll , or sometimes British rock 'n' roll , is a style of popular music based on American rock and roll , which emerged in the late 1950s and was popular until the arrival of beat music in 1962 . It has generally been considered inferior to the American version of the genre , and made little international or lasting impact . However , it was important in establishing British youth and popular music culture and was a key factor in subsequent developments that led to the British Invasion of the mid-1960s . Since the 1960s , some stars of the genre , most notably Cliff Richard , have managed to sustain successful careers and there have been periodic revivals of this form of music .

neg: The Animals The Animals are an English rhythm and blues and rock band , formed in Newcastle upon Tyne in the early 1960s . The band moved to London upon finding fame in 1964 . The Animals were known for their gritty , bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon , as exemplified by their signature song and transatlantic No. 1 hit single , `` The House of the Rising Sun '' , as well as by hits such as `` We Got ta Get out of This Place '' , `` It 's My Life '' , `` I 'm Crying '' and `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' . The band balanced tough , rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-orientated album material . They were known in the US as part of the British Invasion .   The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes in the mid-1960s and suffered from poor business management . Under the name Eric Burdon and the Animals , the much-changed act moved to California and achieved commercial success as a psychedelic and hard rock band with hits like `` San Franciscan Nights '' , `` When I Was Young '' and `` Sky Pilot '' , before disbanding at the end of the decade . Altogether , the group had ten Top Twenty hits in both the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 .   The original lineup of Burdon , Alan Price , Chas Chandler , Hilton Valentine and John Steel reunited for a one off benefit concert in their home city of Newcastle in 1968 . They later had brief comebacks in 1975 and 1983 . There have been several partial regroupings of the original era members since then under various names . The Animals were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 .

neg: Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records Come and Get It : The Best of Apple Records is a greatest hits compilation album containing songs by artists signed to the Beatles ' Apple record label between 1968 and 1973 . The first such multi-artist Apple compilation , it was released on 25 October 2010 . Among the artists are Badfinger , Mary Hopkin , James Taylor , Billy Preston , Jackie Lomax , Ronnie Spector and Hot Chocolate . In most cases , the recordings were produced by one of the Beatles , with George Harrison and Paul McCartney being the most heavily represented on the album .

neg: All for the Beatles `` All for the Beatles '' is a song written and released in 1964 by Harry Nilsson and John Marascalco . It was released as a single with the alternative title `` Stand Up and Holler '' under Nilsson 's pseudonym Foto-Fi Four and was packaged with a synchronized standard 8 mm film of The Beatles first arriving in the United States in 1964 .   The rhythm of `` All for the Beatles '' is similar to that of `` Not Fade Away '' , a Buddy Holly cover by The Rolling Stones , which was also based on Bo Diddley 's song `` Bo Diddley '' . The song , which preempted the later friendship and collaboration of Nilsson with The Beatles , was not a commercial success , but the single became a sought-after collectible . A cover version was later released as `` All for the Beatles ( Stand Up and Holler ) '' by The Originals .

neg: List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures .   There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' .   Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .

neg: List of best-selling singles According to Guinness World Records , `` White Christmas '' ( 1942 ) by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single worldwide , with estimated sales of over 50 million copies . The song recognized as `` the best-selling single of all time '' was released before the pop/rock singles-chart era and `` was listed as the world 's best-selling single in the first-ever Guinness Book of Records ( published in 1955 ) and -- remarkably -- still retains the title more than 50 years later . '' Guinness World Records states that double A-side charity single `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' ( 1997 ) by Elton John , a tribute to the late Diana , Princess of Wales , is `` the biggest-selling single since UK and US singles charts began in the 1950s , having accumulated worldwide sales of 33 million copies , '' making it the second-best-selling single of all time .   The list is split between physical ( mainly CD and vinyl ) singles and digitally downloaded tracks which first became available to purchase in the early 2000s .   The sales of singles that are italicized are the compilation of sales in available markets instead of a worldwide sales figure . These sales figures are therefore neither complete nor definitive .

neg: 1001 Songs 1001 Songs : The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists , Stories and Secrets Behind Them is a compendium of notable popular recordings collected by Australian rock journalist and critic Toby Creswell . The book was initially published in 2005 by Hardie Grant Books ( Prahran , Victoria ) and subsequently published in the United States by Thunder 's Mouth Press ( an imprint of the Avalon Publishing Group ) in 2006 . It is a very personal collection with quite an Australian bias , and some of the choices and comments are probably quite controversial . It is not a collection of songs , but of the stories behind what Creswell considers are the great songs of all time -- from George Gershwin to Missy Elliott , from Bob Dylan to Alicia Keys , from Frank Sinatra to The Offspring , from Leonard Cohen to Pulp . The book also features over 400 photographs and album covers .   1001 Songs is used extensively by Brian Nankervis , creator , producer and adjudicator , of SBS program RocKwiz as a source of information for questions on the show . In the foreword to the book Creswell states the main research source was All Music Guide , which was consulted for release dates , songwriting credits and album listings , together with the website , Rock 's Backpages .   Creswell wrote his first article on rock & roll for Nation Review in 1972 . He subsequently wrote articles about all aspects of popular culture and music for RAM , Billboard , Roadrunner and a range of national and international magazines and newspapers . He has worked for MTV and a variety of television programs as a writer and presenter . In 1985 he became editor of the Australian edition of Rolling Stone and two years later was in a partnership which took over the franchise . He continued to edit Rolling Stone until September 1992 . He was a founding editor of Juice .

neg: List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller .   , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .


query: Leslie Uggams appeared in a 2016 American film.

pos: Leslie Uggams Leslie Marian Uggams ( born May 25 , 1943 ) is an American actress and singer . Beginning her career as a child in the early 1950s , Uggams is recognized for portraying Kizzy Reynolds in the television miniseries Roots ( 1977 ) , earning Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations for her performance . She had earlier been highly acclaimed for the Broadway musical Hallelujah , Baby ! , winning a Theatre World Award in 1967 and the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1968 . Later in her career , Uggams received renewed notice with appearances alongside Ryan Reynolds in Deadpool ( 2016 ) and in a recurring role on Empire .

neg: Abattoir (film) Abattoir is a 2016 American horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and written by Christopher Monfette . It premiered on June 7 , 2016 at the Los Angeles Film Festival .

neg: Hillsong: Let Hope Rise Hillsong : Let Hope Rise is a 2016 American Christian documentary film on Hillsong United directed by Michael John Warren . The film was released on September 16 , 2016 , by Pure Flix Entertainment after several delays .

neg: Sleight Sleight is a 2016 American drama film about a street magician in Los Angeles . The film is directed by J.D. Dillard , written by Dillard and Alex Theurer and stars Jacob Latimore , Seychelle Gabriel , Dulé Hill , Storm Reid , Sasheer Zamata and Michael Villar . The film was released on April 28 , 2017 , by WWE Studios and BH Tilt . The film received positive reviews from critics and has grossed $ 3 million worldwide , against its $ 250,000 budget .

neg: Chokeslam (film) Chokeslam is a 2016 wrestling/comedy film directed by Robert Cuffley and starring Chris Marquette , Amanda Crew , Niall Matter , Michael Eklund and Mick Foley . It premiered at the Calgary International Film Festival in October 2016 .

neg: The Neon Demon The Neon Demon is a 2016 psychological horror film directed by Nicolas Winding Refn , co-written by Mary Laws , Polly Stenham , and Refn , and starring Elle Fanning . The plot follows an aspiring model in Los Angeles whose beauty and youth generate intense fascination and jealousy within the industry . Supporting roles are played by Karl Glusman , Jena Malone , Bella Heathcote , Abbey Lee , Desmond Harrington , Christina Hendricks , and Keanu Reeves .   An international co-production between France , Denmark , and the United States , the film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival , the third consecutive film directed by Refn to do so , following Drive ( 2011 ) and Only God Forgives ( 2013 ) . In the United States , the film was released theatrically on 24 June 2016 by Amazon Studios and Broad Green Pictures . It opened to polarized reviews and was a box office failure , grossing a little over $ 3 million from a $ 7 million budget .

neg: Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film .   In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .

neg: The American Side The American Side is a 2016 film starring Greg Stuhr and Matthew Broderick .

neg: Buddymoon Buddymoon ( previously known as Honey Buddies ) is a 2016 American independent comedy film directed by Alex Simmons ; written by Simmons , Flula Borg , and David Giuntoli ; and starring Borg and Giuntoli . It is the story of a former child actor ( Giuntoli ) whose fiancée leaves him days before their wedding . In an effort to cheer him up , his best friend and would-be best man ( Borg ) convinces him that the two of them should go on the planned honeymoon trip together .   Buddymoon premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival in Park City , Utah on January 23 , 2016 and received their Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature . It also appeared , among other places , at the Florida Film Festival , where it also won the Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature , and it was the opening film for the Ashland ( Oregon ) Independent Film Festival . In March 2016 , worldwide distribution rights to the film were acquired by Gravitas Ventures and Orion Pictures . Its theatrical and home video release was on July 1 , 2016 .

neg: Bedeviled (2016 film) Bedeviled is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed , written and produced by Abel Vang and Burlee Vang . Starring Saxon Sharbino , Victory Van Tuyl , Brandon Soo Hoo , Carson Boatman , Mitchell Edwards and Alexis G Zall . The film was released on October 22 , 2016 at Screamfest LA. .

neg: Bastille Day (film) Bastille Day ( released as The Take in North America and on international home release ) is a 2016 action film directed and co-written by James Watkins . It is a Luxembourgian , French and American venture produced by Anonymous Content , Vendôme Pictures , TF1 Films Production and StudioCanal . The film stars Idris Elba , Richard Madden , Charlotte Le Bon , Eriq Ebouaney and José Garcia . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 22 April 2016 and 13 July 2016 in France , and on 18 November 2016 in the United States .

neg: Monsoon Mangoes Monsoon Mangoes is a 2016 Malayalam comedy film written and directed by Abi Varghese . The film stars Fahadh Faasil in the lead , with Iswarya Menon , Vinay Forrt , and Vijay Raaz in supporting roles . The movie is produced by Thampy Antony . The film was released on January 15 , 2016 .   The film was originally intended to have the title Bourbon Street , which was later changed to Njan D P Pallikkal and finally to Monsoon Mangoes .

neg: Lamb (2015 American film) Lamb is an American drama film , written and directed by Ross Partridge . The film was adapted by the novel of the same name , by Bonnie Nadzam . The film stars Ross Partridge , Oona Laurence , Jess Weixler and Tom Bower .   The film had its world premiere at the SXSW film festival on March 14 , 2015 .  The film was released in a limited release on January 8 , 2016 , before being released through video on demand on January 12 , 2016 by The Orchard .

neg: Deadman Apocalypse Deadman Apocalypse is a 2016 science fiction film .

neg: The Leslie Uggams Show The Leslie Uggams Show is an American variety television series starring actress/singer Leslie Uggams . The series aired on CBS as part of its 1969 fall lineup , and was the second variety series to feature an African American host since 1956 's The Nat King Cole Show .

neg: Masterminds (2016 film) Masterminds is a 2016 American comedy film based on the 1997 Loomis Fargo Robbery in North Carolina . Directed by Jared Hess and written by Chris Bowman , Hubbel Palmer and Emily Spivey , the film stars Zach Galifianakis , Kate McKinnon , Owen Wilson , Kristen Wiig , Jason Sudeikis and Leslie Jones .   It premiered in Los Angeles on September 26 , 2016 , and was theatrically released in the United States on September 30 , 2016 , by Relativity Media . The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $ 29 million .

neg: Manhattan Night Manhattan Night is a 2016 American crime film written and directed by Brian DeCubellis . It is based on the 1996 novel Manhattan Nocturne by Colin Harrison . The film stars Adrien Brody , Yvonne Strahovski , Jennifer Beals , Campbell Scott , Linda Lavin and Steven Berkoff . The film was released on May 20 , 2016 , by Lionsgate Premiere .

neg: The Clapper (film) The Clapper is an American comedy film written and directed by Dito Montiel , based upon the novel of the same name by Milton Rokeach . It stars Ed Helms , Amanda Seyfried , Brenda Vaccaro , Leah Remini , Adam Levine , James Ransone , Russell Peters and Tracy Morgan . It premiered at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival .   The film marks the final film role of Alan Thicke , who died December 13 , 2016 .

neg: King Cobra (2016 film) King Cobra is a 2016 American biographical crime-drama film about the life and early career of Brent Corrigan . It was directed by Justin Kelly and was based on the book Cobra Killer : Gay Porn , Murder , and the Manhunt to Bring the Killers to Justice by Andrew E. Stoner and Peter A. Conway . The film was released on October 21 , 2016 , by IFC Midnight .

neg: Amityville: Vanishing Point Amityville : Vanishing Point is a 2016 film directed by Dylan Greenberg .

neg: Poor Boy (film) Poor Boy is a 2016 American Western drama film directed by Robert Scott Wildes and written by Logan Antill . The film stars Lou Taylor Pucci and Dov Tiefenbach .


query: The Girl on the Train is based on a short story by a Somali author.

pos: The Girl on the Train (2016 film) The Girl on the Train is a 2016 American mystery thriller drama film directed by Tate Taylor and written by Erin Cressida Wilson , based on Paula Hawkins ' 2015 debut novel of the same name . The film stars Emily Blunt , Rebecca Ferguson , Haley Bennett , Justin Theroux , Luke Evans , Allison Janney , Édgar Ramírez , and Lisa Kudrow , and follows an alcoholic divorcée who becomes involved in a missing persons investigation .   Principal photography began on November 4 , 2015 in New York City . Produced by Marc Platt and DreamWorks Pictures , The Girl on the Train was the first DreamWorks Pictures film to be distributed by Universal Pictures , as part of DreamWorks ' new distribution deal via Amblin Partners . It premiered in London on September 20 , 2016 and was theatrically released in the United States on October 7 , 2016 . The film grossed $ 173 million worldwide , and received mixed reviews , although Blunt 's performance received praise and gained a nomination at the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as a nomination for BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the 70th British Academy Film Awards .

neg: Mesfin Negash Mesfin Negash ( Amharic : መስፍን ነጋሽ ) is an Ethiopian journalist , political commentator for Addis Neger and columnist for Sampsonia Way Magazine . He is a graduate of Addis Ababa University where he studied political science .   Negash is a graduate of Addis Ababa University where he studied Political Science . His career as a journalist started at the Ethiopian Reporter in 2001 . He wrote on issues of politics and international relations . Before the controversial May 2005 elections , Negash left the newspaper to join Meznagna newspaper as a columnist while working for local and international NGO as a communication specialist and program officer . His political articles in Meznagna were most supportive of the Coalition for Unity and Democracy ( CUD ) . In one of his articles , he opposed the early position of his former paper which called for the establishment of unity government in Ethiopia . Mesfin 's contention was that the ruling party 's democratic centralism is too much of an impediment for the formation of any governing coalition with it .   Meznagna was shut down in December 2005 by the government because it was first to publish the CUD 's unconstitutional and illegal call for the removal of the government even though the paper itself did n't advocate for the forceful removal of the government .   In 2007 five former Meznagna journalists , including Mesfin Negash , established Addis Neger . He was the Editor-in-Chief of the paper for a year before he moved to a managerial position . Under Negash 's watch Addis Neger grew to be one of Ethiopia 's leading newspapers . The articles Negash wrote for the paper were milder in their tone and criticism of the government than his articles in Meznagna . The paper faced intimidation and harassment under Ethiopia 's anti-terrorism law , which criminalizes any reporting that directly or indirectly `` encourages '' or provides `` moral support '' to `` terrorist groups . ''   In August 2008 an Ethiopian judge sentenced Mesfin Negash to a suspended one month imprisonment for a news report that appeared in the July 26 issue on the trial of iconic musician Teddy Afro . The ruling judge stated that they were compelled by law not to run the story because `` it infringes on the reputation of the court .   In 2010 the staffers at Addis Neger shut down the newspaper and Negash fled Ethiopia , leaving his mother and wife behind . In February 2012 he was granted asylum in Sweden . He noted , `` It was n't a single incident that pushed me to leave Ethiopia -- it was numerous incidents over the course of several months . '' In May he was elected the Human Rights Defender of the Month by the Civil Rights Defenders campaign to protect human rights defenders at risk around the world .   In June 2012 , Negash was found guilty of supporting terrorism along with 23 other defendants by an Ethiopian court and sentenced in absentia to eight years in prison . In a column for Sampsonia Way Magazine Negash commented on the conviction that `` the sentences carry no practical consequences for the professional freedom of those ` convicted ' living in exile '' and that `` anyone , Ethiopian or not , who supports the democratic hope of the nation in any manner is considered an enemy of the state , or a ` terrorist . '''   Since May 2012 Negash has served as a columnist for the City of Asylum/Pittsburgh 's Sampsonia Way Magazine where he `` shares Ethiopian views on pertinent issues related to journalism , culture , and , of course , the overarching subject of politics . '' He is also the Managing Editor of Addisnegeronline.com .

neg: Nh. Dini Nurhayati Srihardini Siti Nukatin ( born in Semarang , Central Java , February 29 , 1936 ) , better known by her pen name `` Nh . Dini '' ( sometimes `` NH Dini '' in English ) , is an Indonesian novelist and feminist . She is the youngest of five children of Saljowidjojo and Kusaminah . One branch of the family can be traced back to the Bugis of South Sulawesi .

neg: Nurmyrat Saryhanow Nurmyrat Saryhanow ( also transliterated as Sarykhanov : Нурмура́т Сарыха́нов , Nurmurat Sarykhanov ; 1906 - 1944 ) was a Soviet Turkmen short-story writer and novelist .

neg: Amani Al-Khatahtbeh Amani Al-Khatahtbeh is an American author and tech entrepreneur . She is the founder and editor of MuslimGirl , an online magazine for Muslim women .   Al-Khatahtbeh grew up in New Jersey . Her family temporarily relocated to Jordan in 2005 to escape Islamophobia . She founded MuslimGirl in 2009 when she was 17 and a senior in high school . With friends from her mosque , al-Khatahtbeh published blogs on the site . Following high school , she attended Rutgers University , graduating in 2014 . She then worked for a non-profit based in Washington , D.C. before moving to New York and briefly working for a major media organization .   In the beginning of 2015 , MuslimGirl developed a volunteer staff and saw a large increase its readership . The site 's traffic grew 90 % and logged 100 million hits that year .   Following the shooting of Laquan McDonald , Al-Khatahtbeh did live coverage of some of the protests in Chicago . She gave a sermon at the Women 's Mosque of America in Los Angeles . Her sermon focused on the metaphor of `` the pit '' from the film The Dark Knight Rises . She compared the pit to the experience of Muslim Americans after 9/11 .   Al-Khatahtbeh rang the opening bell for the NASDAQ stock exchange on January 25 , 2016 .   In 2016 , she partnered with Teen Vogue for a web series that explored issues of concern to young Muslim women .   Her book , MuslimGirl : A Coming of Age , was released in October 2016 .

neg: Lutf al-Sarary Lutf al-Sarary is a Yemeni short story writer and journalist . Born in the countryside , he moved to Taiz as a youth . After graduation , he worked as a manager at Taiz University . His first piece was published in 2006 in the Yemeni newspaper al-Thaqafiah . He gradually made the switch to journalism , eventually becoming cultural editor of Hadeth al-Madenah . His first collection of short stories entitled Like Who Smokes One Cigarette in One Breath came out in 2009 and was well received by Yemeni critics .

neg: Waciny Laredj Waciny Laredj ( Arabic : واسيني الأعرج , pronounced Wasini al-A ` raj ) ( born 8 August 1954 ) is an Algerian novelist , short story writer and academic .

neg: Laila al-Atrash Laila al-Atrash is a Palestinian/Jordanian writer and journalist . She is the author of half a dozen novels , one of which ( A Woman of Five Seasons ) was translated into English by Nura Nuwayhid Halwani and Christopher Tingley . Atrash is also noted for her journalism , especially her documentaries on leading figures of Arabic culture . She serves as the President of PEN Jordan .   She started her media career as a journalist and press reporter , then as producer and presenter of radio programs . In the seventies she entered the broadcasting field as a TV news editor , anchor and program producer . Her TV programs covered a range of cultural and social themes and were broadcast by a large number of Arab TV channels and stations . Notable in her TV production was a series of investigative and in-depth programs and interviews with a large host of Arab intellectuals , writers and artists , as well as with other symbols of modern Arab culture in various fields in countries like Egypt , Morocco , Algeria , Jordan , Syria , Mauritania , Lebanon , Yemen , and Tunisia . Those won numerous Golden , Silver and special recognition awards at television award ceremonies across the Middle East .   Laila al-Atrash , who holds a degree in Arabic literature , a degree in Law and a Diploma in French . Her published works include : `` Sunrise from the West '' ( a novel , 1988 ) ; `` A Woman of Five Seasons '' ( a novel , 1990 ) ; `` A Day Like Any Other '' ( a collection of short stories , 1991 ) ; `` Two Nights and the Shadow of a Woman '' ( a novel , 1997 ) ; `` The Neighing of Distances '' ( a novel , 1999 ) ; `` Illusive Anchors '' ( a novel , 2005 ) ; and `` Women at Crossroads '' ( travel memoirs 2009 ) , `` Desires of that Autumn '' ( a novel , 2010 )   Critics have endorsed and heralded her bold and creative role in portraying the distinct context of the experience of Arab women and in articulating the political , social , and religious dimensions of their strife for human rights and self-fulfillment .   Her most recent novel Hymns of Temptation has been nominated for the 2016 Arabic Booker Prize .

neg: Omar Mouallem Omar Mouallem is an award-winning writer and journalist .

neg: Maryam Mahboob Maryam Mahboob is an Afghan author known for her writing on Afghan migrants , and on patriarchy in Afghan society . Mahboob was born in Maimana , Afghanistan in 1955 . Due to her father 's employment with the Afghan government , she got to experience the lifestyle of Afghan women in different parts of the country . She completed her secondary education in Kabul , and attended Tehran University for her Master 's degree .   Following the Russian occupation of Afghanistan in 1979 , Mahboob left the country to move first to Pakistan , and then to Delhi , India in 1981 . Along with other Afghan expatriates , Mahboob started the journal Gahnama ( `` irregular journal '' ) to express cultural resistance against both the communist government of Afghanistan and the Mujahideen . However , facing pressure from the Mujahideen amongst the Afghan community in India , she migrated once again to move to Canada in 1983 .   Mahboob produced most of her major fiction works while in diaspora . Her works concentrate on the suppression and marginalization of women , while also expressing a revolt against the social norms and attitudes towards women .

neg: His Chance in Life `` His Chance in Life '' is a short story by Rudyard Kipling . It was first published in the first Indian edition of Plain Tales from the Hills ( 1888 ) , and in subsequent editions of that collection . The story is illuminating about Kipling 's attitudes to race , which are less cut-and-dried than is often thought . Kipling is interesting , if not very detailed , on people of mixed race and the snobberies involved . ( For some detail , see the Kipling Society notes . )   The epigraph includes the line '' ` Love hath made this thing a Man ' '' , which adumbrates one of Kipling 's themes in this story , as in others . The ` love ' in ` His Chance in Life ' is that between Michele d'Cruze , who `` looked down on natives as only a man with seven-eighths native blood in his veins can '' and Miss Vezzis , similarly `` from across the Borderline '' `` where the last drop of White blood ends and the full tide of black sets in '' . D'Cruze works as a telegrapher , and Miss Vezzis ' Mamma wo n't let them marry till he earns at least 50 rupees per month : he has 35 rupees a month at the start of the story .   The story concerns his new posting to the telegraph station at Tibasu , a remote sub-station whose real function is only to relay messages . One day in the Muslim period of Mohurrum , the locals start a riot , with Hindus and Muslims joining in : `` It was a nasty little riot , but not worth putting in the papers . '' An angry crowd approaches Michele 's office with the intention of wrecking it . ( `` Never forget that unless the outward and visible signs of Our Authority are always before a native he is as incapable as a child of understanding what authority means , or where is the danger of disobeying it '' - a second theme of Kipling 's is that of the difference between the British and the Indian , in terms of ` fitness to rule ' . ) The Native Police Inspector panics , but obeys `` the old race-instinct which recognises a drop of White blood as far as it can be diluted '' , asks `` the Sahib '' for orders . `` The Sahib decided Michele . '' He leads the native police and fires on the crowd , killing a man , whereupon the others flee `` curs to a man '' . A deputation of the locals claim he has acted unconstitutionality , citing the ( presumably native ) Sub-Judge . Michele replies that he is the effective Government , and the deputation `` bowed their heads '' .   The next day , Michele greets the Sub-Collector . '' -LSB- I -RSB- n the presence of this young Englishman '' , Michele loses the effect of whiteness and weeps , to his shame . `` But the Englishman understood '' , reports Michele 's conduct favourably , through the Proper Channels , and he is transferred back ` up-country ' on a salary of 66 rupees per month . So he marries Miss Vezzis . `` Which proves that , when a man does good work out of all proportion to his pay , in seven cases out of nine there is a woman at the back of the virtue . ''   All quotations in this article have been taken from the Uniform Edition of Plain Tales from the Hills published by Macmillan & Co. , Limited in London in 1899 . The text is that of the third edition ( 1890 ) , and the author of the article has used his own copy of the 1923 reprint . Further comment , including page-by-page notes , can be found on the Kipling Society 's website .   Category :1888 short stories  Category : Short stories by Rudyard Kipling  Category : Rudyard Kipling stories about India

neg: Nigerian literature Nigerian literature is the literature of Nigeria which is written by Nigerians , for Nigerians and addresses Nigerian issues . It is written in English , Igbo , Urhobo , Yoruba , Hausa , and the other languages of the country . The languages used by authors in Nigeria are based in part on geography , with authors in the northern part of the country writing in Hausa . Nigerian authors have won numerous accolades , including the Nobel Prize in Literature and the Man Booker .

neg: Rebecca West Dame Cicely Isabel Fairfield DBE ( 21 December 1892 -- 15 March 1983 ) , known as Rebecca West , or Dame Rebecca West , was a British author , journalist , literary critic and travel writer . An author who wrote in many genres , West reviewed books for The Times , the New York Herald Tribune , the Sunday Telegraph , and the New Republic , and she was a correspondent for The Bookman . Her major works include Black Lamb and Grey Falcon ( 1941 ) , on the history and culture of Yugoslavia ; A Train of Powder ( 1955 ) , her coverage of the Nuremberg trials , published originally in The New Yorker ; The Meaning of Treason , later The New Meaning of Treason , a study of the trial of the British Fascist William Joyce and others ; The Return of the Soldier , a modernist World War I novel ; and the `` Aubrey trilogy '' of autobiographical novels , The Fountain Overflows , This Real Night , and Cousin Rosamund . Time called her `` indisputably the world 's number one woman writer '' in 1947 . She was made CBE in 1949 , and DBE in 1959 , in each case , the citation reads : `` writer and literary critic '' . She took the pseudonym `` Rebecca West '' from the rebellious young heroine in Rosmersholm by Henrik Ibsen .

neg: Mogadishu Mogadishu ( -LSB- ˌmɔːɡəˈdiːʃuː -RSB- Muqdisho -LSB- mʉqdɪʃɔ -RSB- ; مقديشو -LSB- maqadiːʃuː -RSB- ) , known locally as Hamar , is the capital and most populous city of Somalia . Located in the coastal Banaadir region on the Indian Ocean , the city has served as an important port for millennia . , it has a population of 2,425,000 residents .   Tradition and old records assert that southern Somalia , including the Mogadishu area , was historically inhabited by hunter-gatherers . These were later joined by Cushitic-speaking agro-pastoralists , who would go on to establish local aristocracies . During its medieval Golden Age , Mogadishu was ruled by the Muzaffar dynasty , a vassal of the Ajuran Sultanate . It subsequently fell under the control of an assortment of local Sultanates and polities , most notably the Sultanate of the Geledi . The city later became the capital of Italian Somaliland ( 1889 -- 1936 ) in the colonial period . After the Somali Republic became independent in 1960 , Mogadishu became known and promoted as the White Pearl of the Indian Ocean . After the ousting of the Siad Barre regime in 1991 and the ensuing Somali Civil War , various militias fought for control of the city , later to be replaced by the Islamic Courts Union in the mid-2000s . The ICU thereafter splintered into more radical groups , notably al-Shabaab , which fought the Transitional Federal Government ( 2004 -- 2012 ) and its African Union Mission to Somalia allies . With a change in administration in late 2010 , government troops and their military partners had succeeded in forcing out Al-Shabaab by August 2011 . Mogadishu has subsequently experienced a period of intense reconstruction .   As Somalia 's capital city , many important national institutions are based in Mogadishu . It is the seat of the Federal Government of Somalia established in August 2012 , with the Somalia Federal Parliament serving as the government 's legislative branch . Thabit Abdi Mohammed has been the Mayor of Mogadishu since April 2017 . Villa Somalia is the official residential palace and principal workplace of the President of Somalia , Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed . In May 2012 , the First Somali Bank was established in the capital , which organized Mogadishu 's first ever Technology , Entertainment , Design ( TEDx ) conference . The establishment of a local construction yard has also galvanized the city 's real-estate sector . Arba'a Rukun Mosque is one of the oldest Islamic places of worship in the capital , built circa 667 ( 1268/9 AD ) . The Mosque of Islamic Solidarity in Mogadishu is the largest masjid in the Horn region . Mogadishu Cathedral was built in 1928 by the colonial authorities in Italian Somaliland in a Norman Gothic style , and served as the traditional seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mogadiscio . The National Museum of Somalia is based in Mogadishu and holds many culturally important artefacts . The National Library of Somalia is undergoing a $ 1 million Somali federal government funded renovation , including a new library complex .   Mogadishu is home to a number of scholastic and media institutions . As part of the municipality 's urban renewal program , 100 schools across the capital are scheduled to be refurbished and reopened . The Somali National University ( SNU ) was established in the 1950s , and professors from the university later founded the non-governmental Mogadishu University ( MU ) . Benadir University ( BU ) was established in 2002 with the intention of training doctors . Various national sporting bodies have their headquarters in Mogadishu , including the Somali Football Federation and the Somali Olympic Committee . Mogadishu Stadium was constructed in 1978 during the Siad Barre administration , with the assistance of Chinese engineers . It hosts football matches with teams from the Somali First Division and the Somalia Cup . Additionally , the Port of Mogadishu serves as a major national seaport and is the largest harbour in Somalia . Mogadishu International Airport , the capital 's main airport , is the hub of the national carrier Somali Airlines .

neg: Ebru Umar Ebru Umar ( -LSB- ˌe : bru ˈumɑr -RSB- ; -LSB- ˌɛbruː umˈɑr -RSB- ; born 20 May 1970 ) is a Dutch columnist of Turkish descent . Under the influence of Theo van Gogh , she gave up a career in management and became a columnist , first for van Gogh 's website and , after he was assassinated , as his successor as a regular columnist of Metro . She writes for a number of Dutch magazines and has published four books , often on the topics of feminism and criticism of Islam .

neg: Season of Migration to the North Season of Migration to the North is a classic post-colonial Sudanese novel by the novelist Tayeb Salih . Originally published in Arabic in 1966 , it has since been translated into more than twenty languages . Salih was fluent in both English and Arabic , but chose to pen this novel in Arabic . The English translation was published in 1969 as part of the influential Heinemann African Writers Series . The novel is a counter narrative to Heart of Darkness . It was described by Edward Said as one of the six great novels in Arabic literature . In 2001 it was selected by a panel of Arab writers and critics as the most important Arab novel of the twentieth century .

neg: Alifa Rifaat Fatimah Rifaat ( June 5 , 1930 -- January 1996 ) , better known by her pen name Alifa Rifaat , was an Egyptian author whose controversial short stories are renowned for their depictions of the dynamics of female sexuality , relationships , and loss in rural Egyptian culture . While taking on such controversial subjects , Fatimah Rifaat 's protagonists remained religiously faithful with passive feelings towards their fate . Her stories did not attempt to undermine the patriarchal system ; rather they were used to depict the problems inherent in a patriarchal society when men do not adhere to their religious teachings that advocate for the kind treatment of women . Fatimah Rifaat used the psydonymn Alifa to prevent embarrassment on the part of her family due to the themes of her stories and her writing career .

neg: Night on the Galactic Railroad , sometimes translated as Milky Way Railroad , Night Train to the Stars , or Fantasy Railroad In The Stars , is a classic Japanese fantasy novel by Kenji Miyazawa written around 1927 . The nine-chapter novel was posthumously published in 1934 as part of published by . Four versions are known to be in existence , with the last one being the most famous among Japanese readers .   The novel was adapted as an 1985 anime film of the same title , as well as various stage musicals and plays .

neg: The Narrow Path The Narrow Path is a 1966 autobiographical novel by Ghanaian novelist Francis Selormey . The novel was part of Heineman 's African Writers Series . The novel heavily focuses on recounting the unhappy and painful experiences of a child , Kofi , attending a Catholic mission school in Ghana , and the contrasting traditional education he receives . The novel , that has many of the developmental features of a bildungsroman , but utilizes an adult narrator to observe the development of the child focal character , Kofi . The novel is also unique because of its focus on the childs ' primary education , only retelling the elementary years .   Critic Chris Kwame Awuyah compared the novels themes and structure to Joseph Abruquah 's The Torrent ( 1968 ) and Amu Djoleto 's The Strange Man ( 1967 ) and notes similarities to other novels like James T. Farrell 's Father and Son and Ngugi Wa Thiag ` o 's Weep not , Child . Awuyah said that the `` major artistics strengths of -LSB- the novel -RSB- are its direct and concrete language presented with an unreflective and confessional narrative voice '' .

neg: Hindia Haji Mohamed Hindia Haji Mohamed , ( ca. 1988 -- December 3 , 2015 ) , a Somali broadcast radio and TV journalist and producer for Radio Mogadishu and Somali National Television in Mogadishu , Somalia , was one of the many journalists killed during the Somali Civil War . She and her husband Liban Ali Nur were both among the assassinated journalists making them among the few married couples worldwide killed .

neg: Naiyer Masud Naiyer Masud ( born in 1936 ) is an Urdu scholar and Urdu-language short story writer .