query: Ronald Reagan worked for the president of the United States.

pos: Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan ( -LSB- ˈrɒnəld_ˈwɪlsən_ˈreɪɡən -RSB- ) ( February 6 , 1911 -- June 5 , 2004 ) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989 . Before his presidency , he was the 33rd Governor of California , from 1967 to 1975 , after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader .   Raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois , Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations . After moving to Hollywood in 1937 , he became an actor and starred in a few major productions . Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild , the labor union for actors , where he worked to root out Communist influence . In the 1950s , he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories . Having been a lifelong Democrat , his views changed . He became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party . In 1964 , Reagan 's speech , `` A Time for Choosing '' , in support of Barry Goldwater 's foundering presidential campaign , earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman . Building a network of supporters , he was elected Governor of California in 1966 . As governor , Reagan raised taxes , turned a state budget deficit to a surplus , challenged the protesters at the University of California , ordered National Guard troops in during a period of protest movements in 1969 , and was re-elected in 1970 . He twice ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the U.S. presidency in 1968 and 1976 ; four years later , he easily won the nomination outright , becoming the oldest elected U.S. president up to that time , defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter in 1980 .   Entering the presidency in 1981 , Reagan implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives . His supply-side economic policies , dubbed `` Reaganomics '' , advocated tax rate reduction to spur economic growth , control of the money supply to curb inflation , economic deregulation , and reduction in government spending . In his first term he survived an assassination attempt , spurred the War on Drugs , and fought public sector labor . Over his two terms , the economy saw a reduction of inflation from 12.5 % to 4.4 % , and an average annual growth of real GDP of 3.4 ; while Reagan did enact cuts in domestic discretionary spending , tax cuts and increased military spending contributed to increased federal outlays overall , even after adjustment for inflation . During his re-election bid , Reagan campaigned on the notion that it was `` Morning in America '' , winning a landslide in 1984 with the largest electoral college victory in American history . Foreign affairs dominated his second term , including ending of the Cold War , the bombing of Libya , and the Iran -- Contra affair . Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an `` evil empire '' , and during his famous speech at the Brandenburg Gate , President Reagan challenged Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to `` tear down this wall ! '' . He transitioned Cold War policy from détente to rollback , by escalating an arms race with the USSR while engaging in talks with Gorbachev , which culminated in the INF Treaty , shrinking both countries ' nuclear arsenals . Reagan 's presidency came during the decline of the Soviet Union and just ten months after the end of his term , the Berlin Wall fell , and on December 26 , 1991 , nearly three years after he left office , the Soviet Union collapsed .   Leaving office in 1989 , Reagan held an approval rating of sixty-eight percent , matching those of Franklin D. Roosevelt , and later Bill Clinton , as the highest ratings for departing presidents in the modern era . He was the first president since Dwight D. Eisenhower to serve two full terms , after a succession of five prior presidents failed to do so . While having planned an active post-presidency , in 1994 Reagan disclosed his diagnosis with Alzheimer 's disease earlier that year , appearing publicly for the last time at the funeral of Richard Nixon ; he died ten years later in 2004 at the age of 93 ; Reagan had the second-longest life out of all the presidents ; the current longest lifespan of a president is held by Gerald Ford , who died two years after Reagan . An icon among Republicans , he is viewed favorably in historian rankings of U.S. presidents , and his tenure constituted a realignment toward conservative policies in the U.S.

neg: United States presidential election in Montana, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 4 , 1980 throughout all 50 states and D.C. , which was part of the 1980 United States presidential election . Voters chose 4 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Montana overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee , Governor Ronald Reagan , over the Democratic nominee , President Jimmy Carter . Reagan won Montana by a landslide margin of 24.39 % .

neg: Louis O. Giuffrida Louis Onorato Giuffrida ( October 2 , 1920 -- November 20 , 2012 ) was the Ronald Reagan administration 's first director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency from 1981 to 1985 .   Giuffrida graduated from the University of Connecticut ( B.A. ) and Boston University ( M.A. ) .   He had a lengthy career in the U.S. Army , attaining the rank of colonel in 1968 .   As originally reported by Alfonso Chardy in a newspaper article in the Miami Herald , July 5 , 1987 , at the US Army War College , Giuffrida wrote a thesis outlining a military plan for the forcible relocation of millions of black Americans to concentration camps in the event of a national emergency involving racial strife . This is debatable as the thesis referenced below states it would take 14 years to relocate them forcibly . The thesis appears to refer to 500K self-described militants ( see page 38 ) being relocated . On page 41 , he appears to question whether this is even realistic . Much of the thesis appears to be devoted to the history of racism and concludes that the treatment of blacks in the army offers a positive example to society ( see pages 1 and 47 ) Prior to September 2014 the Miami Herald article was the only publication to share details about Giuffrida 's thesis .   In 1971 he left the Army and organized the California Specialized Training Institute for then California Governor Reagan . The institute trained state employees in emergency management and police in counter-terrorism activities . . It was during this time that Giuffrida became friends with Edwin Meese .   He also served as an advisor on terrorism , emergency management , and other special topics for Governor Reagan . He was eventually promoted to the rank of general in the California Militia -LSB- see Title 32 U.S. Code -RSB- . Giuffrida was confirmed on May 18 , 1981 . At the time of his nomination Giuffrida was president of the Specialized Management Services Co. and director of the California Specialized Training Institute .   During his tenure at FEMA , Giuffrida developed much of FEMA 's civil defense programs , including Continuity of Government .   Giuffrida was eventually forced out of the agency in 1985 after a Congressional investigation alleged that he spent government money to build a private residence at FEMA 's Emergency Management Institute in Emmitsburg , Maryland as well as mismanagement and fraud .

neg: United States presidential election in Illinois, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 6 , 1984 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . Illinois voters chose 24 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States .   Illinois was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .

neg: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 ( or COBRA ) is a law passed by the U.S. Congress on a reconciliation basis and signed by President Ronald Reagan that , among other things , mandates an insurance program which gives some employees the ability to continue health insurance coverage after leaving employment . COBRA includes amendments to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( ERISA ) . The law deals with a great variety of subjects , such as tobacco price supports , railroads , private pension plans , emergency room treatment , disability insurance , and the postal service , but it is perhaps best known for Title X , which amends the Internal Revenue Code and the Public Health Service Act to deny income tax deductions to employers ( generally those with 20 or more full-time equivalent employees ) for contributions to a group health plan unless such plan meets certain continuing coverage requirements . The violation for failing to meet those criteria was subsequently changed to an excise tax .   Although this statute became law on April 7 , 1986 , its official name is the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 . Because of the discrepancy between the official name of the Act and the year in which it was enacted , some government publications refer to the Act as the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 . The Act is often referred to simply as `` COBRA '' .

neg: History of the United States National Security Council 1953–61 This article is about the history of the United States National Security Council during the Eisenhower Administration , 1953 -- 1961 .   Under President Dwight D. Eisenhower , the National Security Council system evolved into the principal arm of the President in formulating and executing policy on military , international , and internal security affairs . Where Harry S. Truman was uncomfortable with the NSC system and only made regular use of it under the pressure of the Korean War , Eisenhower embraced the NSC concept and created a structured system of integrated policy review . Eisenhower had a penchant for careful staff work , and believed that effective planning involved a creative process of discussion and debate among advisers compelled to work toward consensus recommendations .   The genesis of the new NSC system was a report prepared for the President in March 1953 by Robert Cutler , who became the President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs . Cutler proposed a systematic flow of recommendation , decision , and implementation that he later described as the `` policy hill '' process . At the bottom of the hill , concerned agencies such as State and Defense produced draft policy recommendations on specific topics and worked for consensus at the agency level . These draft NSC papers went up the hill through the Planning Board , created to review and refine the recommendations before passing them on for full NSC consideration . The NSC Planning Board met on Tuesday and Friday afternoons and was composed of officials at the Assistant Secretary level from the agencies with permanent or standing representation on the Council , as well as advisers from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Central Intelligence Agency . Hundreds of hours were spent by the Board reviewing and reconstructing proposed papers for the NSC . Cutler resigned in 1958 in exhaustion . The top of the foreign policy-making hill was the NSC itself , chaired by the President , which met regularly on Thursday mornings .   The Council consisted of the five statutory members : the President , Vice President , Secretaries of State and Defense , and Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization . Depending on the subject under discussion , as many as a score of other senior Cabinet members and advisers , including the Secretary of the Treasury , the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , and the Director of Central Intelligence , attended and participated . The agenda included regular briefings by the Director of Central Intelligence on worldwide developments affecting U.S. security , and consideration of the policy papers advanced by the Planning Board . The upshot of the discussions were recommendations to the President in the form of NSC Actions . The President , who participated in the discussion , normally endorsed the NSC Action , and the decision went down the hill for implementation to the Operations Coordinating Board .   President Eisenhower created the Operations Coordinating Board ( OCB ) to follow up on all NSC decisions . The OCB met regularly on Wednesday afternoons at the Department of State , and was composed of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs , Deputy Secretary of Defense , the Directors of the CIA , the United States Information Agency , and ICA , and the Special Assistants to the President for National Security Affairs and Security Operations Coordination . The OCB was the coordinating and implementing arm of the NSC for all aspects of the implementation of national security policy . NSC action papers were assigned to a team from the OCB for follow-up . More than 40 interagency working groups were established with experts for various countries and subjects . This 24-person staff of the OCB supported these working groups in which officials from various agencies met each other for the first time .   The President 's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs , a post held under Eisenhower by Cutler , Dillon Anderson , William Harding Jackson , and finally Gordon Gray , oversaw the flow of recommendations and decisions up and down the policy hill , and functioned in Council meetings to brief the Council and summarize the sense of discussion . The Special Assistant was an essential facilitator of the decision-making system , but , unlike the National Security Adviser created under Kennedy , had no substantive role in the process . The NSC staff managed by the Special Assistant grew during the Eisenhower years , but again had no independent role in the policy process .   President Eisenhower had great confidence in the efficacy of covert operations as a viable supplement or alternative to previous normal foreign policy initiatives . The seeming clear success of the operations to overthrow Iranian populist leader Mossadegeh in 1953 , and overthrow the democratically elected , left-leaning President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán in Guatemala in 1954 was not without their crisis moments in the White House . In 1954 NSC 5412 provided for the establishment of a panel of designated representatives of the President and the Secretaries of State and Defense to meet regularly to review and recommend covert operations . Gordon Gray assumed the chairmanship of the `` 5412 Committee '' as it was called , and all succeeding National Security Advisers have chaired similar successor committees , variously named `` 303 '' , `` 40 '' , `` Special Coordinating Committee , '' which , in later Presidential administrations , were charged with the review of CIA covert operations .   President Eisenhower also created the position of staff secretary with the responsibility to screen all foreign policy and military documents coming to the President . While Colonel Andrew Goodpaster held this position , he tended to eclipse the Special Assistant for National Security .   The strength of the NSC system under Eisenhower was that it provided for regular , fully staffed , interagency review of major foreign and national security issues , culminating in discussion and decision at the highest level of government . The resulting Presidentially approved NSC papers provided policy guidance at every level of implementation . Eisenhower felt that the regular policy discussions kept his principal advisers fully informed , in step with one another , and prepared to react knowledgeably in the event of crisis . His commitment to the system was such that he chaired every Council meeting he could attend ( 329 of a total of 366 ) . The NSC meetings , including prior briefings and subsequent review of NSC Actions , constituted the largest single item on his weekly agenda .   Secretary of State John Foster Dulles , on the other hand , had reservations about the NSC system . He was the strongest personality in the Eisenhower Cabinet and jealously guarded his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy . He had constant , direct access to the President and did not feel that some of the most sensitive issues should be discussed in groups as large as were involved in most NSC meetings . He drew a sharp line between the NSC policy review process and the day-to-day operations of foreign policy , which he maintained were the province of the Department of State . Dulles and his deputies also were not comfortable with the scope the NSC review system gave to Secretary of the Treasury George Humphrey , another strong figure in the Cabinet , to intrude budgetary limitations into policy considerations . Dulles successfully resisted a proposal to substitute the Vice President for the Under Secretary of State as chairman of the OCB , arguing that such a change would impinge on his role as principal adviser to the President on foreign policy .   Critics of the Eisenhower NSC system have argued that it was inflexible , overstaffed , unable to anticipate and react to immediate crises , and weighed down by committees reporting in great detail on long checklists of minor policy concerns . The most thorough critique of the system emerged from the hearings conducted in 1960 ( 1961 by the Senate Subcommittee on National Policy Machinery , known as the Jackson Subcommittee for its chairman , Senator Henry Jackson . Cutler and NSC Executive Secretary James Lay testified in support of the effectiveness of the system , but their testimony was offset by that of former Truman administration officials such as George Kennan , Paul Nitze , and Robert Lovett . They argued that foreign policy was being made by a passive President influenced by a National Security Council rendered virtually useless by ponderous , bureaucratic machinery . Basically , they argued , the NSC was a huge committee , and suffered from all the weaknesses of committees . Composed of representatives of many agencies , its members were not free to adopt the broad , statesmanlike attitude desired by the President , but , rather , were ambassadors of their own departments , clinging to departmental rather than national views . To make matters worse , critics added , the NSC system by its very nature was restricted to continuing and developing already established policies and was incapable of originating new ideas or major innovations . The critics suggested replacement of the formal , `` over-institutionalized '' NSC structure with a smaller , less formal NSC which would offer the President a clear choice of alternatives on a limited number of major problems .   Eisenhower was certainly not a passive President , dominated by his Secretary of State on foreign policy and national security issues . In fact , Eisenhower was actively in command of his administration 's foreign policy , and the established NSC system met his instincts and requirements to the extent he used them . Although there is substance in the criticism that the Eisenhower NSC became to some extent the prisoner of a rigidly bureaucratic process , the criticism misses the point that Eisenhower and Dulles did not attempt to manage fast-breaking foreign policy crises or day-to-day operation through the NSC apparatus . An examination of several of the major foreign policy decisions that confronted the Eisenhower administration reveals that the NSC system was used to manage some , but was essentially bypassed in others . The established NSC process was used when the question involved a policy debate between departments with strongly held , contending positions , as it did in the case of the debate between the Departments of State and Defense in 1956/1957 over whether to introduce a more modern generation of weapons into Korea , where it focused debate and produced the necessary agreed-upon decision after discussion of three draft policy papers .   In fast-breaking crisis situations however , including the concurrent Suez crisis and Hungarian Revolution of 1956 , the first and Second Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1955 and 1958 , and the 1958 Lebanon crisis , these were typically managed through small meetings with the President in the White House , normally involving Dulles and other concerned advisers , and through telephone conversations between Eisenhower , Dulles , and other principal advisers . Eisenhower sometimes used trusted NSC staffers to serve as an intermediary to gain information outside the chain of command as he did with Colonel Goodpaster during the straits crisis in 1955 . There was great similarity between this process of crisis management and that adopted by subsequent Presidents , such as Kennedy , Johnson , and Nixon , except for the fact that the ad hoc meetings in the Eisenhower White House did not involve a National Security Adviser as a substantive participant . And in the event that aspects of crisis management depended on contact with the critical man-on-the-spot , as it did in 1958 when Deputy Under Secretary of State Robert Murphy was dispatched to Lebanon to attempt to defuse the crisis , his instructions came from the Department of State and he reported to the Secretary of State rather than directly to the White House , as became the practice during the height of the Vietnam War .   When Eisenhower briefed President-elect Kennedy on the NSC system , as when Gordon Gray briefed his successor McGeorge Bundy , they both emphasized the importance of the established NSC machinery in the management of foreign policy and national security affairs . They might have been more persuasive in maintaining the system had they pointed to the fact that the NSC apparatus was essentially limited to policy review , but was not used by them to manage foreign policy crises or day-to-day decisions .

neg: United States presidential election in Florida, 1980 In the 1980 United States presidential election , Florida was won overwhelmingly by the Republican candidate , former California governor Ronald Reagan , over Democratic incumbent Jimmy Carter . Reagan won by a wide 17.02 % margin , a particularly strong performance in this conservative leaning state . John B. Anderson , a liberal Republican congressman from Illinois who ran as an independent candidate , had Florida give him his strongest performance in a southern state by winning 5.14 % of the popular vote . Florida , along with Virginia , were one of only two southern states to give Anderson over 5 % of the vote . Although Carter lost Florida , he is the last Democrat to win a majority of counties in the state 's northern region .

neg: List of things named after Ronald Reagan This is a list of things named after former President of the United States Ronald Reagan . The Ronald Reagan Legacy Project is an organization founded by Americans for Tax Reform president Grover Norquist that seeks to name at least one notable public landmark in each U.S. state and all 3067 counties after the 40th president .   The first highway to be named after Reagan was Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway in Cincinnati .

neg: United States presidential election in Idaho, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . Idaho voters chose 4 electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President .   Idaho was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan ( R ) by a 41-point landslide . It is a reliably Republican state , and the last Democratic presidential candidate to carry the state was Lyndon Johnson in his 1964 presidential campaign .

neg: Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities .   The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda .   The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault .   The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer .   The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing .   Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .

neg: United States presidential election in Tennessee, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 6 , 1984 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . Tennessee voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States .   Tennessee was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .

neg: Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism .   During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security .   A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed .   Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .

neg: Working Group on Financial Markets The Working Group on Financial Markets ( also , President 's Working Group on Financial Markets , the Working Group , and colloquially the Plunge Protection Team ) was created by Executive Order 12631 , signed on March 18 , 1988 , by United States President Ronald Reagan .   As established by the executive order , the Working Group has three purposes and functions :   '' ( a ) Recognizing the goals of enhancing the integrity , efficiency , orderliness , and competitiveness of our Nation 's financial markets and maintaining investor confidence , the Working Group shall identify and consider :  ( 1 ) the major issues raised by the numerous studies on the events in the financial markets surrounding October 19 , 1987 , and any of those recommendations that have the potential to achieve the goals noted above ; and  ( 2 ) the actions , including governmental actions under existing laws and regulations ( such as policy coordination and contingency planning ) , that are appropriate to carry out these recommendations .  ( b ) The Working Group shall consult , as appropriate , with representatives of the various exchanges , clearinghouses , self-regulatory bodies , and with major market participants to determine private sector solutions wherever possible .  ( c ) The Working Group shall report to the President initially within 60 days ( and periodically thereafter ) on its progress and , if appropriate , its views on any recommended legislative changes . ''   The Working Group consists of :  The Secretary of the Treasury , or his or her designee ( as Chairperson of the Working Group ) ;  The Chairperson of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System , or his or her designee ;  The Chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Commission , or his or her designee ; and  The Chairperson of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission , or his or her designee .

neg: Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt .   The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party .   McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :

neg: United States presidential election in South Carolina, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 6 , 1984 . All 50 states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . South Carolina voters chose 8 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States .   South Carolina was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .

neg: National Center for Voluntary Action The National Center for Voluntary Action was an independent , private , non-profit organization that existed in the 1970s , and then extended on in merged forms , that sought to encourage volunteerism on the part of American citizens and organizations , assist in program development for voluntary efforts , and sought to make voluntary action an important force in American society .   The organization had its origins in 1969 , the first year of the Nixon administration , when the Cabinet Committee on Voluntary Action was put into place . Led by United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development George W. Romney , a study performed by this committee found a need for a national , non-governmental organization .   Hence came the National Center for Voluntary Action , created in 1970 by executive order of the president . At its first meeting on February 20 , 1970 , Romney stressed the value of voluntary action as the `` fourth way '' of solving problems ( along with the federal government , state and local government , and private industry ) . In April 1970 , Henry Ford II became the organization 's first chair and Bud Wilkinson its first president .   The organization launched a nationwide effort to develop Voluntary Action Centers ( previously known as Volunteer Bureaus ) as local volunteer centers to help people meet their needs through actions of volunteers . A heart-shaped logo was devised for the Voluntary Action Centers and used nationwide . It operated an information bank known as Clearinghouse . By October 1971 , Voluntary Action Centers had been established in 32 communities , with 30 more underway and 250 other communities having expressed interest .   Wilkinson left in August 1970 . Lenore Romney , George 's wife , became a director of the organization , and a member of its executive committee by 1971 , and vice president by 1973 . Ford departed in 1972 , and W. Clement Stone , who was the treasurer , became acting chair .   In 1973 , as he left the Nixon administration , George Romney became chair and CEO of the National Center for Voluntary Action .   In 1976 , the organization sponsored a national Congress on Volunteerism and Citizenship in conjunction with the United States Bicentennial of that year .   In 1979 , the National Center for Voluntary Action merged with another organization , the Colorado-based National Information Center on Volunteerism ( which had been in existence since 1970 , and as the National Information Center on Volunteers in Courts , since 1967 ) , and together became a new organization , VOLUNTEER : The National Center for Citizen Involvement . Romney remained as head of the new organization . The organization simplified its name to VOLUNTEER : The National Center in 1984 and to the National Volunteer Center in 1990 . Romney remained as chair of these organizations throughout this time .   In 1991 , the organization merged into the Points of Light Foundation , which had been created in 1990 under the aegis of President George H.W. Bush . The merged organization also became known during the 2000s as the Points of Light Foundation and Volunteer Center National Network . That organization then in 2007 merged with the Atlanta-based Hands On Network to become the Points of Light Institute .

neg: United States presidential election in New York, 1980 The 1980 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1980 . All 50 states and The District of Columbia , were part of the 1980 United States presidential election . New York voters chose forty one electors to the Electoral College , which voted for President and Vice President .   New York was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan , in a narrow victory against President of the United States Jimmy Carter , who failed to gain reelection against Reagan . Also in the running was Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois , who ran in New York as the Liberal Party candidate .   Reagan won the state with a plurality of 46.66 % of the vote to Carter 's 43.99 % , a margin of 2.67 % . Anderson finished in third with 7.54 % .   New York 's election results reflect the Republican Party 's re-consolidation of base under what is popularly called the `` Reagan Revolution , '' which sounded various overwhelming conservative electoral victories across the United States throughout the 1980s - and most evidently against the relatively unpopular President Carter during the 1980 presidential election .   New York weighed in for this election as more Democratic than the national average by about 7 % .   This election is notable in that , while the highly populated regions of New York City , Buffalo , and Albany turned out for Carter , the election in the state was tipped by the majority of less-populated upstate counties , combined with heavily populated suburban counties around NYC , most of which were won by Reagan . Carter actually picked up plurality wins in 2 counties which he had lost in 1976 : Monroe County , home to the city of Rochester , and Niagara County .   A major contributing factor to Reagan 's victory over Carter was the relatively strong third party showing by independent candidate John B. Anderson , a former liberal Republican congressman who garnered 8 % of the vote in the State - twice the 4 % margin by which Carter had won New York in 1976 . Running on the ballot line of New York 's Liberal Party , Anderson attracted the votes of many liberals and moderates who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the policies of the Carter Administration , thus splitting the left-leaning vote in New York State .   In the heavily populated , and very liberal , 5 boroughs of New York City , Carter still won overall , and Reagan made only modest gains in vote share over Gerald Ford 's 1976 showing of 33 % , taking 37 % in the city in 1980 . However , although still winning 4 out of 5 boroughs , Carter bled a massive amount of support in the city to Anderson , dropping from 66 % in 1976 to only 55 % in 1980 . Since Democratic victories in New York State in that era depended on running up massive margins in New York City to overcome the rest of the state 's Republican lean , the reduced margin in the city from vote-splitting would prove fatal to Carter 's chances of winning the state in 1980 . While Reagan only bled about 1 % of Republican base support in the state ( winning a plurality in a 3-way-race with 46.66 % while Gerald Ford had lost the state in a two-man race with 47.52 % in 1976 ) , Carter bled nearly 8 % of his 1976 support , falling from a 51.95 % majority win in 1976 to a losing 43.99 % in 1980 , most of those lost Democratic base votes going to Anderson instead .   This remains the last election in which a Republican presidential nominee has won Tompkins County in upstate New York , home to the college town of Ithaca , where Cornell University and Ithaca College are located . Reagan narrowly won the county with a plurality of 42 % to Carter 's 40 % , while Anderson took nearly 14 % , making it Anderson 's strongest county in the state . In 1984 , Tompkins County would vote against Reagan and in the following years it would become the most Democratic county in upstate New York , giving Barack Obama over 70 % of the vote in 2008 .

neg: President's Call to Service Award The President 's Call to Service Award is awarded by the President of the United States to people who have completed more than 4,000 hours of community service . It is the highest level of the President 's Volunteer Service Award .   The President 's Council on Service and Civic Participation , which administers the award , was established within the Corporation for National and Community Service through a 2003 executive order by President George W. Bush . The President 's Volunteer Service Award ( PVSA ) is the premier volunteer awards program , encouraging citizens to live a life of service through presidential gratitude and national recognition . The award is offered is four categories depending on amount of service , including Bronze , Silver , Gold and the `` President 's Call to Service Award '' ( referred to as the `` President 's Lifetime Achievement Award '' ) . Depending on the level of service , awardees may receive a personalized certificate , an official pin , medallion , and/or a congratulatory letter from the President .

neg: United States presidential election in Arizona, 1984 The 1984 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 6 , 1984 . All fifty states and the District of Columbia , were part of the 1984 United States presidential election . Arizona voters chose seven electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President of the United States .   Arizona was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California , who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota . Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas , and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York , the first major female candidate for the Vice-Presidency .

neg: Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson .   Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics .   Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents .   To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .

neg: Federal Records Act The Federal Records Act of 1950 is a United States federal law enacted in 1950 . It provides the legal framework for federal records management , including record creation , maintenance , and disposition .   The Federal Records Act came following the recommendations of the Hoover Commission ( 1947-49 ) . The act , and its related regulations , require each federal agency to establish an ongoing program for records management and to cooperate with the National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA ) . A 1985 NARA pamphlet describes the Federal Records Act as the `` basis for the Federal Government 's policies and procedures for creating , maintaining , and disposing of Federal records . The act and its related regulations define Federal records , mandate the creation and preservation of those records necessary to document Federal activities , establish Government ownership of records , and provide the exclusive legal procedures for the disposition of records . '' The Second Hoover Commission ( 1953-55 ) addressed paperwork management and recommended the adoption of program relating to `` directives management , reports management , paperwork quality control , and clerical work measurement . '' As a result , the first Guide to Record Retention Requirements was published in 1955 ; the guide is updated annually and is used by archivists and other record managers both in and out of government .   The Federal Records Act was amended over time . Amendments in 1976 emphasized paperwork reduction and information lifecycle management . The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 , which followed the issuance of the report of the Commission on Federal Paperwork in 1977 , introduced information resources management and gave responsibility to the Office of Management and Budget for creating federal information policy standards .   In November 2014 , the Presidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014 was signed into law by President Barack Obama . This bipartisan act , which followed the 2011 President 's Memorandum on Managing Government Records , modernizes the Federal Records Act . The act expressly expands the definition of federal records to include electronic records ( the first change to the definition of `` Federal record '' since the enactment of the act in 1950 ) . The act also grants the Archivist of the United States the final determination as to what constitutes a Federal record ; `` authorizes the early transfer of permanent electronic federal and presidential records to the National Archives , while legal custody remains with the agency or the president '' ; `` clarifies the responsibilities of federal government officials when using non-government email systems '' ; and `` empowers the National Archives to safeguard original and classified records from unauthorized removal . ''


query: Kill Bill: Volume 2 is about the Bride continuing her revenge against Bill.

pos: Kill Bill: Volume 2 Kill Bill : Volume 2 is a 2004 American martial arts film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . It stars Uma Thurman as the Bride , who continues her campaign of revenge against the Deadly Viper Assassination Squad ( Lucy Liu , Michael Madsen , Daryl Hannah and Vivica A. Fox ) and their leader Bill ( David Carradine ) , who tried to kill her and her unborn child .   Tarantino conceived Kill Bill as a homage to `` grindhouse '' cinema including martial arts films , samurai cinema , blaxploitation films , and spaghetti westerns . It is the second of two Kill Bill films produced simultaneously ; the first , Kill Bill : Volume 1 , was released in 2003 . The films were originally set for a single release , but the film , with a runtime of over four hours , was divided in two . Like Volume 1 , Volume 2 received positive reviews and was a commercial success .

neg: Lady Vengeance Lady Vengeance ( ; lit . `` Kind-hearted Geum-ja '' ; Korean English title : Sympathy for Lady Vengeance ) is a 2005 South Korean psychological thriller film by director Park Chan-wook . The film is the third installment in Park 's The Vengeance Trilogy , following Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance ( 2002 ) and Oldboy ( 2003 ) . It stars Lee Young-ae as Lee Geum-ja , a woman released from prison after serving the sentence for a murder she did not commit . The film tells her story of revenge against the real murderer .   The film debuted on 29 July 2005 in South Korea , and competed for the Golden Lion at the 62nd Venice International Film Festival in September 2005 . While it failed to win in competition , it did walk away with Cinema of The Future , the Young Lion Award , and the Best Innovated Film Award in the non-competition section . It won the award for Best Film at the 26th Blue Dragon Film Awards . The film had its U.S. premiere on 30 September 2005 at the New York Film Festival . It began its limited release in North American theatres on 5 May 2006 , to favorable reviews from critics .

neg: Bellevue murders The Bellevue murders , or the Bellevue massacre , occurred on the night of January 3 and early morning of January 4 , 1997 , when Alex Baranyi and David Anderson , both 17 , lured Kim Wilson , 20 , to a Bellevue , Washington park and murdered her . Afterwards , they entered her family home and murdered Bill Wilson , his wife Rose Wilson , and their other daughter , Julia Wilson . Both Baranyi and Anderson were convicted and sentenced to serve four consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole .   Although the motives behind the murders were unclear , the boys exhibited psychological disturbance when they were brought in for questioning . When Baranyi was questioned about his motives , he calmly replied that he wanted to kill someone because he was `` in a rut '' . Testimonies by Baranyi and Anderson led investigators to suggest that they killed the Wilson family for the sheer experience of killing .

neg: Say Her Name #SayHerName is a social movement that seeks to raise awareness for black female victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence in the United States . #SayHerName aims to change the public perception that victims of police brutality and anti-Black violence are predominantly male by highlighting the gender-specific ways in which black women , particularly black queer women and black transgender women , are disproportionately affected by fatal acts of racial injustice . In an effort to create a large social media presence alongside existing racial justice campaigns , such as #BlackLivesMatter and #BlackGirlsMatter , the African American Policy Forum ( AAPF ) coined the hashtag #SayHerName in February 2015 .   In May 2015 , the AAPF released a report entitled `` Say Her Name : Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women , '' which outlined the goals and objectives of the #SayHerName movement . Following Sandra Bland 's fatal encounter with police in July 2015 , the AAPF , in conjunction with the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School and Soros Justice Fellow , Andrea Ritchie , issued an updated version of the original report . The updated version includes a description of the circumstances surrounding Bland 's death , as well as several accounts detailing recent incidents of police-instigated violence against black women , including Tanisha Anderson and Rekia Boyd . In addition to these accounts , the report provides an analytical framework for understanding black women 's susceptibility to police brutality and state-sanctioned violence , as well as offers some suggestions on how to effectively mobilize various communities and empower them to advocate for racial justice .   Drawing from the AAPF report , the #SayHerName movement strives to address the invisibilization of black women within mainstream media and , more specifically , the #BlackLivesMatter movement . Of the movement 's many agendas , one includes commemorating the women who have lost their lives due to police brutality and anti-Black violence . To advance this agenda , the AAPF , along with twenty local sponsors and the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School , organized a vigil on May 20 , 2015 , in New York City , where dozens gathered to demand that the public no longer ignore black women 's struggles against gendered , racialized violence .

neg: Bill of Peace Bill of Peace was an English court practice used in the 17th and 18th centuries for legal disputes involving multiple parties that shared common aspects . It allowed the English Court of Chancery to settle the rights of parties , a group known as the `` multitude '' , in one suit , in equity court .   If the equity court allowed the matter to proceed as a Bill of Peace , the results of the suit would bind all members of the `` multitude , '' whether they actually appeared in the case or not .   The Bill was limited until 1873 to equitable relief , including an injunction , an accounting or a type of declaratory judgment called a `` decree . '' It could not be used for monetary relief and in this respect was similar to a representative action .   The practice was also used in the United States in mass tort or similar situations in the 19th and early 20th centuries . Justice Joseph Story , who served on the U.S. Supreme Court from 1811 to 1845 , advocated the development of the Bill of Peace in the United States . The Supreme Court of the United States used the Bill of Peace concepts in development of the implementation of class action litigation . This evolution continued with Federal Equity Rule 48 , in place in the United States from 1842 to 1912 , which provided for a class action .   The origins of the Bill of Peace practices , as well as class action lawsuits , may be centuries earlier , beginning as early as 1309 in the decisions of the English quasi-judicial counsel then known as the `` General Eyre . ''

neg: Kill Bill Kill Bill is an American two-part martial arts film series , and the fourth film overall that was written and directed by Quentin Tarantino . It was originally set to be released as one film , but with a running time of over four hours , it was separated into two films : Kill Bill : Volume 1 , released in late 2003 , and Kill Bill : Volume 2 , released in early 2004 . The original four-hour cut , retitled Kill Bill : The Whole Bloody Affair , was screened at select cinemas in 2011 .   Tarantino has discussed the possibility of a third Kill Bill film .

neg: Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury .   In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal .   As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .

neg: Wicked Appetite Wicked Appetite is a 2010 novel by Janet Evanovich set in Salem , Massachusetts .   Elizabeth Tucker ( referred to as Lizzie ) is a baker at Dazzle 's Bakery , specialising in cupcakes . Lizzie has recently moved to Salem after inheriting her aunt 's house .  Diesel ( from Visions of Sugar Plums , Plum Lovin '' ' , Plum Spooky , and Plum Lucky , the `` Between The Numbers '' Stephanie Plum holiday novellas ) appears out of thin air in Dazzle 's Bakery after Lizzie has been accosted by Gerwulf Grimoire , otherwise known as Wulf ( from Plum Spooky ) .   Unbeknownst to her , Lizzie is an Unmentionable , with a special talent for finding things that Diesel needs . A Stone of Power has re-surfaced and Diesel needs to get to it before Wulf does . The Seven Stones of Power reflect each of the Seven Deadly Sins , the stone in this book dedicated to the sin of gluttony . The stones are known by the acronym SALIGIA , from the Latin names for the sins : superbia , avaritia , luxuria , invidia , gula , ira , & acedia , or pride , greed , lust , envy , gluttony , anger , & sloth .   Lizzie 's co-worker Glo , not an Unmentionable but a Questionable , tries out a number of spells with unusual results . Lizzie adopts an odd orange one-eyed cat , who possibly belonged to her deceased Aunt Ophelia , and Carl , the monkey with an attitude problem , rides along . Carl the monkey was introduced in Fearless Fourteen humping Brenda 's hair , and was featured in Plum Spooky .   A sequel , titled Wicked Business '' , was released on June 19 , 2012 .

neg: Mike & Molly (season 2) The second season of the television comedy series Mike & Molly began airing on September 26 , 2011 on CBS in the United States . The season was produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creator Mark Roberts serving as executive producer along with Chuck Lorre , James Burrows and Don Foster .   The series focuses on the title characters Mike Biggs ( Billy Gardell ) and Molly Flynn ( Melissa McCarthy ) , a couple who meet at an Overeaters Anonymous meeting in Chicago , Illinois . After Molly , a primary-school teacher , invites police officer Mike to give a talk to her class , they begin dating . Molly lives at home with her mother Joyce ( Swoosie Kurtz ) , and sister Victoria ( Katy Mixon ) . Joyce is in an on-off relationship with widower Vince Moranto ( Louis Mustillo ) , who is often seen at the house . Mike lives alone in an apartment but is regularly kept company by his best friend and partner in the police force Carl McMillan ( Reno Wilson ) . Other prominent characters in the series include Carl 's grandmother Rosetta ( Cleo King ) , Mike 's mother Peggy ( Rondi Reed ) and cafe worker Samuel ( Nyambi Nyambi ) . Holly Robinson Peete has a recurring guest role in Season 2 as Carl 's love interest . Season two of Mike & Molly '' was broadcast in the United States on Mondays at 9:30 pm .   On August 21 , 2012 Warner Home Video released a three-disc set of the second season on DVD , which included every episode , a featurette , bloopers , and interviews with the cast .

neg: Murder 2 Murder 2 is a 2011 Indian psychological horror-slasher film and the quasi-sequel to the 2004 film , Murder . It stars Emraan Hashmi , Jacqueline Fernandez and Prashant Narayanan and features Sulagna Panigrahi . Directed by Mohit Suri and produced by Mukesh Bhatt , the film released on 8 July 2011 . The theatrical trailer of the film was revealed on 1 June 2011 and also in cinemas with Ready . It was the second film in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including Raaz -- The Mystery Continues , Jannat 2 , Jism 2 , Raaz 3D and 1920 : Evil Returns , each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels , but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story . The film did well at the box office and was declared a `` blockbuster '' by Box Office India . It is one of the highest grossing Bollywood films of 2011 .

neg: Revenge (season 4) The fourth and final season of the ABC American television drama series Revenge premiered on September 28 , 2014 . The show continues to air Sundays at 10:00 pm ( ET ) . This season sees several cast changes as both Barry Sloane and Henry Czerny 's characters , Aiden Mathis and Conrad Grayson , were killed off in the Season 3 finale . This is the first season not to feature Czerny 's character . James Tupper and Karine Vanasse who play David Clarke and Margaux LeMarchal respectively , have been upgraded to series regulars . The series stars Madeleine Stowe and Emily VanCamp .   Brian Hallisay was cast as Ben , Jack 's new police partner with hopes of becoming a detective . Elena Satine was cast as Louise , the daughter of a wealthy family .   The season focuses on the revelation that David Clarke is alive and the continued feud between Emily and Victoria , who finally knows Emily 's true identity and seeks her own revenge . As David makes a return to the Hamptons the two women fight to position him against the other .   On April 29 , 2015 , ABC canceled Revenge after four seasons .

neg: Defense of Marriage Act The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( , and ) was a United States federal law that , prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman , and allowed states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages granted under the laws of other states . Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ) , DOMA , in conjunction with other statutes , had barred same-sex married couples from being recognized as `` spouses '' for purposes of federal laws , effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits . DOMA 's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same-sex marriage , but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same-sex couples .   Initially introduced in May 1996 , DOMA passed both houses of Congress by large , veto-proof majorities and was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in September 1996 . By defining `` spouse '' and its related terms to signify a heterosexual couple in a recognized marriage , Section 3 codified non-recognition of same-sex marriages for all federal purposes , including insurance benefits for government employees , social security survivors ' benefits , immigration , bankruptcy , and the filing of joint tax returns , as well as excluding same-sex spouses from the scope of laws protecting families of federal officers ( 18 U. S. C. § 115 ) , laws evaluating financial aid eligibility , and federal ethics laws applicable to opposite-sex spouses .   In United States v. Windsor ( 2013 ) , the U.S. Supreme Court declared Section 3 of DOMA unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment .

neg: Les Liaisons dangereuses Les Liaisons dangereuses ( -LSB- le ljɛ.zɔ̃ dɑ̃.ʒə.ʁøz -RSB- ; Dangerous Liaisons ) is a French epistolary novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos , first published in four volumes by Durand Neveu from March 23 , 1782 .   It is the story of the Marquise de Merteuil and the Vicomte de Valmont , two rivals ( and ex-lovers ) who use seduction as a weapon to humiliate and degrade others , all the while enjoying their cruel games and boasting about their manipulative talents . It has been claimed to depict the decadence of the French aristocracy shortly before the French Revolution , thereby exposing the perversions of the so-called Ancien Régime . However , it has also been described as an amoral story .   As an epistolary novel , the book is composed entirely of letters written by the various characters to each other . In particular , the letters between Valmont and the Marquise drive the plot , with those of their victims and other characters serving as contrasting figures to give the story its depth .   It is often claimed to be the source of the saying `` Revenge is a dish best served cold '' , a paraphrased translation of `` La vengeance est un plat qui se mange froid '' ( more literally , `` Revenge is a dish that is eaten cold '' ) . However , the expression does not actually occur in the original novel in any form .

neg: Christopher Simcox Christopher Simcox ( 10 December 1909 -- 1981 ) was an English double murderer , notable and perhaps unique in being twice sentenced to death , and twice reprieved .   Simcox , a maintenance fitter by trade , lived in Smethwick in the West Midlands of England . He was divorced by his first wife for cruelty .   Simcox murdered his second wife in 1948 , and was sentenced to death at Stafford Assizes . However , in April 1948 the House of Commons had passed Sydney Silverman 's amendment to the then current Criminal Justice Bill to suspend capital punishment for murder for five years . The House of Lords overturned the amendment later in the year , but in the intervening period the Home Secretary , James Chuter Ede had announced that he would reprieve all condemned prisoners until the law was settled . Between March and October 1948 26 persons , including Simcox , were thereby reprieved . Simcox served 10 years in jail , before being released on licence .   He was married , for the third time , in 1962 to Ruby Irene . In 1963 he threatened his wife with an air-pistol , but was put on probation . His wife subsequently left him , with the help of relatives . On 11 November 1963 Simcox , armed with a rifle , went in search of his wife . He shot her sister , Mrs Hilda Payton , fatally through the head , before pursuing his wife to her brother 's house . There he shot them both , but they survived . Simcox then turned the gun on himself , shooting himself twice through the body , but he also survived .   In February 1964 Simcox was again tried at Stafford Assizes , and sentenced to death by Mr Justice Finnemore . The Homicide Act 1957 had restricted capital murder to a limited class of crimes , including murder with a firearm , and a second murder committed on a different occasion from the first . Simcox was eligible to be hanged on both grounds .   The wording of Simcox 's sentences of death was slightly different on the two occasions . In 1948 he was sentenced `` to be hanged by the neck until you are dead '' , while in 1964 he was sentenced `` to suffer death in the manner authorised by law '' . This change in language was provided in the 1957 Act ; the old language was considered anachronistic , as since the 1870s Britain had employed the `` long-drop '' method of hanging , which was held to cause near-instantaneous death .   Simcox 's date of execution was set for Tuesday 17 March 1964 at Winson Green Prison , Birmingham . However , his lawyers petitioned the Home Secretary , Henry Brooke , on the grounds that Simcox was still severely injured from his self-inflicted wounds , could not walk , and would probably have to be hanged in a wheelchair . There was no precedent for postponing an execution until a prisoner was fit enough to be hanged , and there was a history of reprieving prisoners whose executions might result in an unseemly spectacle owing to existing injuries or infirmity . On 14 March 1964 Brooke announced that Simcox had been reprieved , the sentence of death automatically being replaced by life imprisonment ; at that time there was no provision for attaching special conditions to such a sentence , meaning that one day Simcox might be released again , albeit on licence .   Five months later , the last-ever hangings in Britain took place , and in 1965 the death penalty was , in practice , abolished for murder .   In 1969 Simcox 's wife divorced him , and the civil judge in that case took the unusual step of recommending that Simcox never be released .   Simcox died in Portsmouth in early 1981 , aged 71 . It is currently not known whether he was still a prisoner at the time of his death .

neg: Revenge (NCIS) `` Revenge '' is the 22nd episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama NCIS and the 232nd episode overall . It originally aired on CBS in the United States on April 30 , 2013 . The episode is written by George Schenck and Frank Cardea and directed by James Whitmore , Jr. , and was seen by 18.29 million viewers .   The story arc was initiated in January when secondary characters Eli David ( Michael Nouri ) and Jackie Vance ( Paula Newsome ) were killed off in a shooting at the end of `` Shabbat Shalom '' . Subsequent episodes featured Ziva David and Leon Vance 's efforts to find the killer , eventually revealed to be Eli 's protégé Ilan Bodnar , and exact vengeance .   In the closing scenes of the previous episode , `` Berlin '' , Tony and Ziva are in a car crash instigated by Bodnar . `` Revenge '' focuses on the team 's hunt for Bodnar against the wishes of Homeland Security , culminating in Vance and Ziva finally getting closure when the latter kills him in a physical fight to the death .

neg: The Big Bang Theory (season 2) The second season of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory was originally aired on CBS from September 22 , 2008 , to May 11 , 2009 , over 23 episodes . The Complete Season DVD was released September 15 , 2009 , and a Blu-ray version was reissued on July 10 , 2012 , with remastered surround sound audio , whereas the DVD version only had stereo . Season two starts immediately after the end of season one with Leonard and Penny 's date .   Jim Parsons submitted the episode `` The Bath Item Gift Hypothesis '' for consideration due to his nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards . In 2009 , TV Guide ranked the episode the # 60 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes . Christine Baranski submitted the episode `` The Maternal Capacitance '' for consideration due to her nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards .

neg: Matthew 2:18 Matthew 2:18 is the eighteenth verse of the second chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament . Herod has ordered the Massacre of the Innocents and this verse quotes from the Book of Jeremiah to show that this event was predicted by the prophets .   In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads :  In Rama was there a voice heard ,  lamentation , and weeping , and  great mourning , Rachel weeping for  her children , and would not be  comforted , because they are not .   The World English Bible translates the passage as :  `` A voice was heard in Ramah ,  lamentation , weeping and great mourning ,  Rachel weeping for her children ;  she would n't be comforted ,  because they are no more . ''   For a collection of other versions see BibRef Matthew 2:18   The verse is a quotation from Jeremiah 31:15 . This is the first of three times Matthew quotes Jeremiah , the others being Matthew 16:14 and Matthew 24:9 . The verse is similar to the Masoretic , but is not an exact copy implying that it could be a direct translation from the Hebrew . In Jeremiah this verse is a description of Rachel , the long dead mother of the northern tribes , mourning as her children are taken into captivity by the Assyrians . This mourning thus addresses born the Massacre of the Innocents , but the reference to a forced exile can also refer to the Holy Family 's Flight into Egypt .   This has long been considered one of Matthew 's more elusive Old Testament references . Scholars have pointed out a number of problems with the context and original meaning . Rachel 's tomb has long been associated with Bethlehem an important link between here and the massacre taking place there . However , Brown notes that this view is likely incorrect . Genesis reports that Rachel died and was buried while travelling to Bethlehem and implies that she was still some distance away from the town . In this verse the author of Jeremiah seems to be asserting that she was buried in Ramah , a town some five miles from Bethlehem . The Hebrew word Ramah could also be translated as `` on high '' and some versions of Jeremiah use this wording . `` A voice was heard on high '' would seem to fit more logically with Matthew 's narrative , but it is fairly clear that the town is being referred to .   Another difficulty is that Bethlehem is in Judah , and thus its people were regarded as the children of Leah not Rachel . The verse is also taken somewhat out of context . The passage in Jeremiah is actually one of joy ending with the information that God had saved the Israelites and the children would be unharmed . This is not true of the children of Bethlehem who find no last minute succor . However in the Catholic and Orthodox churches the Holy Innocents were proclaimed to all be saints , thus meeting Jeremiah 's message of deliverance .

neg: Married... with Children (season 2) This is a list of episodes for the second season ( 1987 -- 88 ) of the television series Married ... with Children .   At the beginning of this season , Kelly is portrayed as a girl of reasonable intelligence ( though she is often teased by Bud for her promiscuity and bleached hair ) . By the end , however , her character obtains her trademark stupidity that will become both a plot device and comic focus for the rest of the series . This season also contains the first use of the `` Bundy Cheer '' and the first instance of the Bundys leaving Chicago . Although Buck is portrayed in later seasons as having been with the Bundys since he was a pup , it 's implied by Peg that they 've had him for only three years and Al states that he 's actually Bud 's pet ; he even `` speaks '' once ( `` Buck Can Do It '' ) , something that becomes a regular feature beginning in the fourth season . Michael Faustino ( David 's younger brother ) , makes the first of five guest appearances during the course of the series .

neg: Hate crime A hate crime ( also known as a bias-motivated crime ) is a prejudice-motivated crime , usually violent , which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership ( or perceived membership ) in a certain social group .   Examples of such groups can include and are almost exclusively limited to : sex , ethnicity , disability , language , nationality , physical appearance , religion , gender identity or sexual orientation . Non-criminal actions that are motivated by these reasons are often called `` bias incidents '' .   `` Hate crime '' generally refers to criminal acts which are seen to have been motivated by bias against one or more of the types above , or of their derivatives . Incidents may involve physical assault , damage to property , bullying , harassment , verbal abuse or insults , mate crime or offensive graffiti or letters ( hate mail ) .   A hate crime law is a law intended to deter bias-motivated violence . Hate crime laws are distinct from laws against hate speech : hate crime laws enhance the penalties associated with conduct which is already criminal under other laws , while hate speech laws criminalize a category of speech . Hate speech laws exist in many countries . In the US , hate crime laws have been upheld by both the Supreme Court and lower courts , especially in the case of ` fighting ' words and other violent speech , but they are thought by some people to be in conflict with the first amendment right to freedom of speech , so they have occasionally been overturned as unconstitutional .

neg: Anna Biller Anna Biller is an independent American filmmaker who was born and raised in Los Angeles . She is known for her visual style , and for her use of period genres and satire . Her background is mainly in art ( her father is a visual artist , and she has a B.A. in art from U.C.L.A. and an MFA in art and film from The California Institute of the Arts ) . Her 2007 feature film Viva premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and won the Best of Fest Award at the Boston Underground Film Festival . The film was also entered into the main competition at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival .   Reason magazine called Viva an `` uncannily precise rendition of the look , sound , mood , and arch dialogue '' of seventies sexploitation films , with `` high-key , pseudo-Technicolor lighting and spare , colorful set design . ''   Her latest film , The Love Witch , is a twist on classic serial killer films , featuring a female killer who kills through calculated sexuality , causing her male victims to fall too much in love . Richard Brody of The New Yorker said of The Love Witch , `` Biller puts genre to the test of do-it-yourself artistry , and puts feminist ideology itself to the test of style . The film pulsates with furious creative energy throughout , sparking excitement and giddy amazement that it even exists . '' In May 2016 , The Love Witch was acquired for distribution by Oscilloscope Laboratories .

neg: Episode II Episode II , Episode 2 or Episode Two may refer to :   Episode II ( album ) , an album by Safri Duo  Episode II ( EP ) , an EP by Eiffel 65  `` Episode 2 '' ( song ) , a song by Dragon Ash  `` Episode 2 '' ( Ashes to Ashes ) , an episode of Ashes to Ashes  `` Series 1 : Episode 2 '' ( Life on Mars ) , an episode of Life on Mars  `` Episode 2 '' ( Twin Peaks ) , an episode of Twin Peaks  Episode 2 ( The Casual Vacancy ) , ( 2015 ) , the second episode of the TV miniseries The Casual Vacancy  Half-Life 2 : Episode Two , a computer game sequel  Star Wars : Episode II -- Attack of the Clones , a 2002 film