query: Cindy McCain is a philanthropist.

pos: Cindy McCain Cindy Lou Hensley McCain ( born May 20 , 1954 ) is an American businesswoman , philanthropist , and humanitarian , and the wife of long-time United States Senator and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain of Arizona .   She was born and raised in Phoenix , Arizona , as the daughter of wealthy beer distributor Jim Hensley . After receiving bachelor 's and master 's degrees from the University of Southern California , she became a special education teacher . She married John McCain in 1980 and the couple moved to Arizona in 1981 , where her husband would be elected to the United States Congress the following year and has been in office since then . The couple had three children together , in addition to adopting another . From 1988 to 1995 , she founded and operated a nonprofit organization , the American Voluntary Medical Team , which organized trips by medical personnel to disaster-stricken or war-torn third-world areas . During this time , she became addicted to painkillers for several years and resorted to having a physician write illegal prescriptions on her behalf . She reached an agreement with the government in which no charges were filed against her .   Upon her father 's death in 2000 , she inherited majority control and became chair of Hensley & Co. , one of the largest Anheuser-Busch beer distributors in the United States . She participated in both of her husband 's presidential campaigns and , in 2008 , drew both positive and negative scrutiny for her appearance , demeanor , wealth , spending habits , and financial obligations . She continues to be an active philanthropist and serves on the boards of Operation Smile , Eastern Congo Initiative , CARE and HALO Trust , frequently making overseas trips in conjunction with their activities . During the 2010s she has become prominent in the fight against human trafficking .

neg: Catholic Campaign for Human Development The Catholic Campaign for Human Development ( CCHD ) is the national anti-poverty and social justice program of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops ( USCCB ) .   CCHD was begun in 1969 as the `` National Catholic Crusade Against Poverty '' by the Catholic bishops in the United States , in part as a response to Pope Paul VI 's encyclical Populorum progressio ( `` The Progress of Peoples '' ) . CCHD 's mission is `` to address the root causes of poverty in America through promotion and support of community-controlled self-help organizations and through transformative social justice , education , and solidarity between poor and non-poor '' .   CCHD is supported by an annual collection in U.S. Catholic parishes , and individual donations . Allegations that some CCHD-funded organizations were promoting abortion , contraception and radical politics , and that the CCHD was a force of internal corruption within the USCCB were answered in 2010 with the Review and Renewal of CCHD , which affirmed the core mission of CCHD and instituted controls to ensure that all CCHD-funded initiatives are consistent with Catholic mission and identity .   CCHD had revenues of $ 11.7 million for the fiscal year ending December 31 , 2015 .

neg: Phony soldiers controversy The phony soldiers controversy ensued when the media watchdog site Media Matters brought attention to the `` phony soldiers '' remark made by Rush Limbaugh during a conversation with a caller on his radio talk show . Critics claim that he was referring to Iraq war veterans critical of the war .  Limbaugh argued that the comment referred to persons falsely claiming to be such veterans .   In response to Limbaugh 's comments , United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid sent a letter to Mark P. Mays , CEO of Clear Channel Communications . The letter of complaint requested that Mays `` publicly repudiate these comments and ask Mr. Limbaugh to apologize '' for the remarks . The Reid letter was signed by 41 Democratic senators .  Limbaugh obtained the letter and sold it on eBay for $ 2,100,100 , the record for a charitable auction on that site . He promised to donate the funds to the Marine Corps-Law Enforcement Foundation with a matching donation of his own bringing the total to $ 4.2 million .

neg: Cindy Stumpo Cindy Stumpo is an American entrepreneur and residential contractor . She is the founder of C. Stumpo Development , a privately owned custom home builder and developer based in eastern Massachusetts . Stumpo and her work have been featured in numerous national publications , including Forbes Magazine calling her one of the most successful residential contractors in Massachusetts . Her work in construction led her to a pilot show with HGTV called Tough As Nails .

neg: Tulsa Community Foundation The Tulsa Community Foundation ( TCF ) is one of the largest community foundations in the United States . Headquartered in Tulsa , Oklahoma , as of January 2011 it was reported to have approximately four billion dollars in assets , and to have donated more than $ 580 million to local charities and government projects .   Tulsa Community Foundation is a tax-exempt , public charity organized in 1998 . It was founded by Tulsa oilman , banker , and philanthropist George Kaiser , who felt that Tulsa 's historical dependence on unorganized private giving from its wealthy families was no longer effective . Beginning with gifts from seventeen local philanthropists , by 2006 Tulsa Community Foundation had grown to become the largest community foundation in the country , surpassing the New York Community Trust , and it remained the largest until 2013 , when a $ 1 billion contribution lifted the Silicon Valley Community Foundation into first place . Kaiser 's family foundation remains the largest contributor to the community foundation , which also manages about 600 donor advised funds .   In 2005 , members of the United States Senate Committee on Finance , and others , criticized the foundation structure of TCF , and other charities , for arguably permitting givers to take tax deductions out of proportion to the actual amounts given for public charity , and for potentially allowing the donors to have effective control of the community foundation . Because the Tulsa Community Foundation ( unlike some private foundations ) is not restricted from making gifts to government agencies , it has also drawn occasional comment and criticism for its potential influence on local government .

neg: New World Foundation The New World Foundation is a liberal foundation , based in New York . It supports organizations that work on behalf of civil rights and that seek to encourage participation of citizens in American democracy . It was founded in 1954 by Anita McCormick Blaine , a prominent member of the McCormick family and an heiress to industrialist Cyrus Hall McCormick and a supporter of Henry Wallace 's 1948 presidential campaign . Its initial funding of about $ 20 million was noted for progress towards education , ethics , peace , and public health .   In its mission statement , the New World Foundation stated as of 2009 :  We see the strengths of progressive ideals and committed activists , who every day are inventing democracy and extending its boundaries . But we also know the strength of reaction , inaction , and injustice in blocking democracy 's advance . Our work and our tradition is to tip the balance , to add resources to the side of justice , to widen the channels for participation , and to ensure that another generation will see by example how they can make a difference .   During the early 1960s , the New World Foundation 's goal was to aid education and promote better intergroup and international relations . During the early 1970s , the Foundation supported various civil rights and community projects . Hillary Clinton , whom Marian Wright Edelman had mentored , was on the board from 1982 to 1988 , and was its chair for some of that time , including 1987 . During that time , the Foundation gave money to a variety of organizations active in civil rights and other New Left causes , including the Christic Institute , Grassroots International , Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador ( CISPES ) , FAIR , and the National Lawyers Guild . By the early 1990s , the foundation was giving money to a Silicon Valley group fighting consequences of computer industry toxins , all the while undergoing criticism for being invested in the likes of Louisiana Pacific , Nike , and Philip Morris .

neg: Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT) The Global Health Innovative Technology Fund ( GHIT Fund ) , headquartered in Japan , is an international public-private partnership between the Government of Japan ( Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare ) , 16 pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies ( Astellas , Chugai , Eisai , Daiichi Sankyo , Fujifilm , GlaxoSmithKline , Johnson & Johnson , Kyowa Hakko Kirin , Merck Group , Mistubishi Tanabe , Nipro , Otsuka , Shionogi , Sumitomo Dainippon , Sysmex and Takeda ) , the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the Wellcome Trust and United Nations Development Programme . It funds scientific research and development for anti-infectives and diagnostics for diseases that primarily affect the developing world . Bill Gates has noted that `` GHIT draws on the immense innovation capacity of Japan 's pharmaceutical companies , universities and research institutions to accelerate the creation of new vaccines , drugs and diagnostic tools for global health . '' Margaret Chan , Director-General of the World Health Organization , said : `` The GHIT Fund has stepped in to provide that incentive in a pioneering model of partnership that brings Japanese innovation , investment and leadership to the global fight against infectious disease . ''   The GHIT Fund is the first public-private partnership fund to involve a national government , a UN agency , a consortium of pharmaceutical and diagnostics companies , and international philanthropic foundations .   The public-private partnership model , the inclusion of a whole pharmaceutical sector and the structure of individual research projects across sectors and national boundaries are all aimed at reducing the R&D risk to any one entity and to ensure that findings are open to all . Another key opportunity the GHIT Fund has created has been to help open the doors of Japan 's public and private drug compound libraries to product development partnerships , which makes possible the screening of tens of thousands of drug candidates for potential new treatments .   The participating companies view their investments into neglected diseases through the Fund as a long-term investment into the future , rather than charity . They see the Fund as a necessary catalyst for having allowed them to pursue this line of research .

neg: Federal grants in the United States In the United States , federal grants are economic aid issued by the United States government out of the general federal revenue . A federal grant is an award of financial assistance from a federal agency to a recipient to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States .   Grants are federal assistance to individuals , benefits or entitlements . A grant is not used to acquire property or services for the federal government 's direct benefit .   Grants may also be issued by private non-profit organizations such as foundations , not-for-profit corporations or charitable trusts which are all collectively referred to as charities .   Outside the United States grants , subventions or subsidies are used to in similar fashion by government or private charities to subsidize programs and projects that fit within the funding criteria of the grant-giving entity or donor . Grants can be unrestricted , to be used by the recipient in any fashion within the perimeter of the recipient organization 's activities or they may be restricted to a specific purpose by the benefactor .

neg: National Center for Voluntary Action The National Center for Voluntary Action was an independent , private , non-profit organization that existed in the 1970s , and then extended on in merged forms , that sought to encourage volunteerism on the part of American citizens and organizations , assist in program development for voluntary efforts , and sought to make voluntary action an important force in American society .   The organization had its origins in 1969 , the first year of the Nixon administration , when the Cabinet Committee on Voluntary Action was put into place . Led by United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development George W. Romney , a study performed by this committee found a need for a national , non-governmental organization .   Hence came the National Center for Voluntary Action , created in 1970 by executive order of the president . At its first meeting on February 20 , 1970 , Romney stressed the value of voluntary action as the `` fourth way '' of solving problems ( along with the federal government , state and local government , and private industry ) . In April 1970 , Henry Ford II became the organization 's first chair and Bud Wilkinson its first president .   The organization launched a nationwide effort to develop Voluntary Action Centers ( previously known as Volunteer Bureaus ) as local volunteer centers to help people meet their needs through actions of volunteers . A heart-shaped logo was devised for the Voluntary Action Centers and used nationwide . It operated an information bank known as Clearinghouse . By October 1971 , Voluntary Action Centers had been established in 32 communities , with 30 more underway and 250 other communities having expressed interest .   Wilkinson left in August 1970 . Lenore Romney , George 's wife , became a director of the organization , and a member of its executive committee by 1971 , and vice president by 1973 . Ford departed in 1972 , and W. Clement Stone , who was the treasurer , became acting chair .   In 1973 , as he left the Nixon administration , George Romney became chair and CEO of the National Center for Voluntary Action .   In 1976 , the organization sponsored a national Congress on Volunteerism and Citizenship in conjunction with the United States Bicentennial of that year .   In 1979 , the National Center for Voluntary Action merged with another organization , the Colorado-based National Information Center on Volunteerism ( which had been in existence since 1970 , and as the National Information Center on Volunteers in Courts , since 1967 ) , and together became a new organization , VOLUNTEER : The National Center for Citizen Involvement . Romney remained as head of the new organization . The organization simplified its name to VOLUNTEER : The National Center in 1984 and to the National Volunteer Center in 1990 . Romney remained as chair of these organizations throughout this time .   In 1991 , the organization merged into the Points of Light Foundation , which had been created in 1990 under the aegis of President George H.W. Bush . The merged organization also became known during the 2000s as the Points of Light Foundation and Volunteer Center National Network . That organization then in 2007 merged with the Atlanta-based Hands On Network to become the Points of Light Institute .

neg: Meghan McCain Meghan Marguerite McCain ( born October 23 , 1984 ) is an American columnist , author , Fox News host and contributor , and blogger .   She is the daughter of 2008 presidential nominee and long-time U.S. Senator John McCain and Cindy Hensley McCain . McCain first received media attention in 2007 for her blog , McCain Blogette , on which she documented life on the campaign trail and mused about fashion , music , and pop culture . In 2009 , she became a contributing author for The Daily Beast , and in 2011 , began appearing as a contributor on MSNBC . In 2013 , she began hosting on the start-up Pivot channel and in 2014 assumed the co-host role on Pivot 's TakePart Live until that show was canceled later in the year .   In July 2015 , McCain joined Premiere Networks as host of the nationally syndicated radio program America Now . McCain also signed on as a FOX News contributor in July 2015 , and was officially named a regular co-host of the afternoon talk program Outnumbered on November 14 , 2016 .

neg: Community Funded Community Funded is a crowdfunding platform based in Fort Collins , Colorado allowing project creators to create one or more fundraising projects on the site with the goal of helping people and organizations with projects find the ideas , funding , and resources they need to be successful .   Community Funded focuses on systemic integration of crowdfunding platforms , allowing for Universities and other organizations to integrate the Community Funded crowdfunding tools into their own website . Community Funded also offers the one-off project funding concept common to many crowdfunding sites . To date many projects on the site have focused on local ( Fort Collins , Colorado ) social causes , but nationally-focused arts and culture projects have also received funding and attention through Community Funded .   Projects can be submitted by any individual or organization . Community Funded requires all projects have a positive community impact regardless of if the project is a `` Keep-it-All '' or `` All-or-Nothing '' style project . Businesses can also support fundraising projects by providing in-kind donations of products or services in exchange for promotion on the project page .   On June 29 , 2012 , Community Funded co-founder McCabe Calahan presented at the Fort Collins Chamber of Commerce alongside US Senator Michael Bennet and representatives from Colorado State University and the Rocky Mountain Innovation Initiative for a roundtable discussion and seminar on the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act .   As of March 2013 , Community Funded had raised $ 286,000 from a total network of 2,056 individuals and 406 organizations .   By August 2013 , Community Funded had raised a total of $ 428,610 and grown to a network of 4,391 individuals and 602 organizations across 39 states . 47 projects had been completed on the platform , only five of which received no funding whatsoever .

neg: Cindy Chupack Cindy Chupack is a screenwriter who has won three Golden Globes and two Emmys for her work as a writer/executive producer of HBO 's Sex and the City and writer/co-executive producer of ABC 's Modern Family .   Several episodes she penned -- namely , Sex and the Citys `` Evolution '' , `` Attack of the 5 ' 10 '' Woman '' , `` Just Say Yes '' , `` Plus One is the Loneliest Number '' , `` I Love a Charade '' , and `` Splat ! '' , and Modern Familys `` Little Bo Bleep '' -- were individually nominated for Writer 's Guild and/or Emmy awards . Chupack also worked on Everybody Loves Raymond as a writer/co-executive producer .   In May 2010 , NBC announced it had commenced production of Love Bites , a television series created by Chupack for the NBC network .   Her first book , The Between Boyfriends Book , was published by St. Martin 's Press . Her second book , a comic memoir about marriage entitled The Longest Date : Life as a Wife , was published by Viking in January 2014 . She has also written humorous essays for The New York Times , Real Simple , Harper 's Bazaar , People , Allure , Slate , and Glamour .   Chupack is from Tulsa , Oklahoma . She received a journalism degree from Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta .

neg: Supporting Healthy Marriage Project The Supporting Healthy Marriage Project , SHM , is part of the Healthy Marriage Initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Administration for Children and Families , that was launched in 2003 as `` the first large-scale , multisite , multiyear , rigorous test of marriage education programs for low-income married couples . '' The project is motivated by research that `` indicates that married adults and children raised by both parents in stable , low-conflict households do better on a host of outcomes . '' The evaluation is led by MDRC , in collaboration with Abt Associates and other partners . USASpending.gov reports payments of more than $ 30 million from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to MDRC for work on the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project from 2009 to 2012 .   Major study questions of the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project include :  What are the experiences , issues and challenges in designing , implementing and operating healthy marriage education and related services for lower-income couples with children ?  What are the net impacts of the programs on : marital stability and relationship quality ; attitudes and expectations regarding their marriage ; parenting attitudes and behaviors ; measures of adult well-being and child well-being and development ( e.g. , cognitive , social , emotional , health ) , and economic outcomes for families ?   Limited federal funding for a Healthy Marriage Initiative began in 2001 to `` help couples who choose to get married gain greater access to marriage education services that will enable them to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to form and sustain a healthy marriage . '' In 2005 , Wade Horn , Assistant Secretary for the Administration for Children and Families , highlighted plans for a significant expansion of funding in testimony before the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness , House Committee on Education and the Workforce :   `` Although I have focused on the areas of primary interest to your committee , I would be remiss if I did not briefly highlight other key areas of our proposal that play a critical role in the well-being of children , teenagers , and families . Indeed , we establish improving the well-being of children as the overarching purpose of TANF ... . In support of that overarching purpose , our proposal seeks to improve child well-being through programs aimed at encouraging responsible fatherhood and healthy marriages . By discontinuing the Out of Wedlock Birth Reduction Bonus and redirecting part of the High Performance Bonus Funding , we provide $ 200 million for programs aimed at promoting family formation and healthy marriages . We also provide $ 40 million in funding for the support of responsible fatherhood and healthy marriage programs to reverse the rise in father absence and its subsequent impact on children . ''

neg: Hillary: The Movie Hillary : The Movie is a 2008 political documentary about United States Senator and presidential candidate Hillary Clinton . It was produced by the conservative non-profit organization Citizens United . The film was scheduled to be offered as video-on-demand on cable TV right before the Democratic primaries in January 2008 , but as `` electioneering communication '' to do so was illegal under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act which was enforced by the Federal Election Commission . The producers went to U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to get a declaration that they could show their movie and promotional ads for it despite BCRA . This case was titled Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and its final decision at the U.S. Supreme Court resulted in a major change in campaign finance law .   The documentary interviewed various conservative figures such as Dick Morris and Ann Coulter and reviewed various scandals in which Hillary Clinton purportedly participated , such as the White House travel office controversy , White House FBI files controversy , Whitewater controversy , and cattle futures controversy . The factual finding of the three-judge district court was that there was `` no reasonable interpretation -LSB- of the movie -RSB- other than as an appeal to vote against Senator Clinton '' , thus making it `` electioneering communication '' . The Supreme Court did not change that decision , but applied the strict scrutiny test for the First Amendment of the Constitution and said corporations could not be banned from making electioneering communications .

neg: Liberty Hill Foundation The Liberty Hill Foundation is a non-profit organization founded by Sarah Pillsbury , heir to the Minnesota Pillsbury baking fortune , along with Anne Mendel , Larry Janss and Win McCormack , in 1976 . Its motto is `` Change . Not Charity . '' They have funded local Los Angeles organizations dedicated to environmental justice , such as East Yard Communities for Environmental Justice . The name of the foundation derives from a famous incident on May 15 , 1923 when writer Upton Sinclair spoke to approximately 3,000 striking longshoremen at Liberty Hill in San Pedro , Los Angeles , California . In a piece of street theater designed to highlight ongoing suppression of freedom of speech by the LAPD , Sinclair began his address by reading the Bill of Rights . Within moments , he was arrested .

neg: Foundation for Independent Higher Education The Foundation for Independent Higher Education ( FIHE ) is the national office for a network of state-based private college fundraising associations in the United States . It was founded in 1958 as The Independent College Funds of America . In 2010 it merged into the Council of Independent Colleges . FIHE was created to support the work of the regional fundraising consortia , to secure additional financial resources in support of America 's independent colleges and universities and their students . FIHE today supports 32 state consortia through member services programs , professional development workshops , collaborative initiatives , and grant programs made possible by gifts from corporations as well as from its own endowment . Based in Washington , DC , FIHE has provided nearly $ 100 million in grants to and through its member state consortia , and has had a tangible impact on the growth and development of the private college sector in America .

neg: Howard Opinsky Howard Opinsky was the national press secretary for U.S. Senator John McCain 's ( R-AZ ) 2000 presidential campaign .   Opinsky has been widely quoted in the media as a spokesman for candidates and causes and as a political strategist commenting on a variety of breaking news events . He has also been a guest lecturer at Harvard , Penn State , and various trade groups to discuss communication , the media , and politics .   Currently , Opinsky is executive vice president at Powell Tate , the Washington , D.C. office of Weber Shandwick . A veteran communication strategist and counselor to CEOs and senior executives , he has helped build , position , and protect some of the world 's best known brands .

neg: The Women's Conference The Women 's Conference ( also known as the California Governor & First Lady 's Conference on Women ) is a nonprofit , nonpartisan US organization and annual forum for women . The event first began in 1986 as a California government initiative for working professionals and women business owners . Since 2004 , The Women 's Conference has become a large event at which people such as the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso , former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair , Oprah Winfrey , Barbara Walters , Jane Fonda , Martha Stewart , Tyra Banks , Sarah , Duchess of York , Tim Russert , Deepak Chopra , Tom Brokaw , Queen Rania of Jordan , Maureen Dowd , Sandra Day O'Connor , Thomas Friedman , Anna Quindlen , and Billie Jean King have spoken .   Restructured by Shriver in 2010 , The Women 's Conference reportedly became the `` largest meeting of women in the country '' and a celebration of `` lives and lessons '' . Now known as the California Women 's Conference , its main stage presentations and seminar sessions have addressed personal topics such as work-life balance , service and volunteerism , healthy lifestyles , spirituality and families , professional issues such as professional development , financial planning , entrepreneurialism and communications , as well as social issues like women 's maternal health , global poverty , climate change and emergency preparedness .   The event is staged at the Long Beach Convention Center in Long Beach , California , usually in the fall .   Every year , substantial portions of the event are made available free through a live streaming webcast at The Women 's Conference 's web site .

neg: List of wealthiest charitable foundations This is a list of wealthiest charitable foundations worldwide . It consists of the 36 largest charitable foundations , private foundations engaged in philanthropy , and other charitable organizations .   Only nonprofit foundations are included in this list . Organisations that are part of a larger company are excluded , such as holding companies .   The entries are ordered by the size of the organisation 's financial endowment ( that is , the value of assets net of liabilities , or invested donations ) . The endowment value is an estimate measured in United States dollars , based on the exchange rates on December 31 , 2016 . Due to fluctuations in holdings , currency exchange and asset values , this list only represents the valuation of each foundation on a single day .

neg: Inside Philanthropy Inside Philanthropy is a news website about large philanthropic foundations and wealthy donors , created by David Callahan in 2013 . It aims to increase oversight and transparency in large-scale philanthropy .   The site provides news on major philanthropy and its trends , and presents profiles of big donors in particular categories such as donors from the technology industry , donors from the financial industry , and supporters of major education and healthcare initiatives . It also rates foundation program officers by their performance , rather than by the nonprofits they fund . It issues its own set of awards , such as the Philanthropist of the Year award and the Boldest Philanthropic Vision award .   The site has been noted for naming wealthy people who Inside Philanthropy considers as scoring relatively poorly on `` relative generosity '' , or percentage of wealth that a person has given away , even if they still give out a comparatively large amount of money in absolute terms .

neg: EduCap EduCap is an American private non-profit education finance company that was established in 1987 . The Catherine B. Reynolds Foundation is the philanthropic affiliate of EduCap Inc. .


query: Diego Costa won the Premier League.

pos: Diego Costa Diego da Silva Costa ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo ða ˈsilβa ˈkosta -RSB- , -LSB- ˈdʒjeɡu dɐ ˈsiwvɐ ˈkɔstɐ -RSB- ; born 7 October 1988 ) , is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for English club Chelsea and the Spain national team . He has been described by pundits as a talented striker whose main attributes are his physicality , goalscoring and ability to keep possession . Costa has been criticised and punished for several confrontations with opponents .   He began his career with Braga and Penafiel in Portugal , and was signed by Atlético Madrid in 2007 . He was loaned back to Braga , and then to Celta de Vigo and Albacete before being sold to Real Valladolid in 2009 . He returned to Atlético the following season and went on to play a key role in their attack , scoring 27 goals as they won the league title in 2014 , and then joined Chelsea for # 32 million . He scored 21 goals in his first season in England , winning the Premier League and League Cup .   Internationally , Costa played twice for his native Brazil in 2013 , but later declared his desire to represent Spain , having been granted Spanish citizenship in September 2013 . He made his debut for his adopted nation in March 2014 , and represented them at the 2014 FIFA World Cup .

neg: Premier League Player of the Month The Player of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best Premier League player each month of the season . The recipient is chosen by a panel assembled by the League 's sponsor , and announced alongside the Manager of the Month on the first or second Friday of the following month . It has been called the Carling Premiership Player of the Month ( 1994 -- 2001 ) , the Barclaycard Premiership Player of the Month ( 2001 -- 2004 ) , Barclays Player of the Month ( 2004-2016 ) , and presently it is the EA SPORTS Player of the Month .   The Premier League was formed in 1992 , when the members of the First Division resigned from The Football League . These clubs then set up a new commercially independent league that negotiated its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements . The inaugural season had no sponsor until Carling agreed to a four-year deal for # 12 million that started the following season . Carling introduced new Manager of the Month and Manager of the Season awards for the 1993 -- 94 season , supplementing the existing Football Writers ' Association and Professional Footballers ' Association Player of the Year awards . For the 1994 -- 95 season they introduced the Player of the Month award , which was first awarded to Jürgen Klinsmann for his performances in his team in August 1994 .   Steven Gerrard has been Player of the Month the most with six awards . Five players have won the award in consecutive months ; Robbie Fowler ( 1995 -- 96 ) , Dennis Bergkamp ( 1997 ) , Cristiano Ronaldo ( 2006 ) , Harry Kane ( 2015 ) and Jamie Vardy ( 2015 ) . 12 individuals have won two awards in a season : Ryan Giggs , Ruud van Nistelrooy , Thierry Henry , Wayne Rooney , Peter Odemwingie , Robin van Persie , Daniel Sturridge , Luis Suárez , Jamie Vardy , Sergio Agüero , Heung Min Son and Ashley Young , who is also the only player to win the award three times in a calendar year . Robbie Keane has won the award while playing for three different clubs ( Coventry City , Leeds United and Tottenham Hotspur ) . Nine other players have won the award playing for two different clubs . The award has been shared on six occasions : by Blackburn Rovers 's Alan Shearer and Chris Sutton in November 1994 , Liverpool 's Robbie Fowler and Stan Collymore in January 1996 , Southampton 's Kevin Davies and Manchester United 's Andy Cole in November 1997 , Arsenal 's Dennis Bergkamp and Edu in February 2004 , Tottenham Hotspur strikers Dimitar Berbatov and Robbie Keane in April 2007 and Liverpool duo Steven Gerrard and Luis Suárez in April 2014 . Almost half of the Player of the Month awards have gone to English players ,87 English wins , 191 awards : = % and the majority of foreign winners have been French or Dutch . Manchester United have had more Player of the Month awards than any other club .

neg: Football in Ivory Coast Football is a popular sport in Côte d'Ivoire . The national team won the Africa Cup of Nations in Senegal in 1992 . In 2006 they participated in the 2006 World Cup in Germany . The youth national teams have also done well in world championships , and the clubs from Côte d'Ivoire have won several continental titles . Among famous players from the country are Kolo Touré of Liverpool , Chelsea striker and former national team captain , Didier Drogba , Wilfried Bony and Yaya Touré of Manchester City , Gervinho and Seydou Doumbia of Roma , and Salomon Kalou of Hertha Berlin .   The Ivory Coast national team won a second African cup of nations in 2015 .

neg: List of Fulham F.C. seasons Fulham Football Club is an English professional football team based in Fulham in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham . The club was formed in West Kensington in 1879 as Fulham St Andrew 's Church Sunday School F.C. , shortened to Fulham F.C. in 1888 . They initially played at Fulham Fields before a move to Craven Cottage in 1896 ; the club played their first professional match in December 1898 and made their FA Cup debut in the 1902 -- 03 season .   The club competed in the Southern Football League between 1898 and 1907 , when they were accepted into the Football League Second Division . Having spent much of their history outside the top division , the team gained promotion to the Premier League in 2001 .   Fulham reached the final of the UEFA Europa League in 2010 . To date they are the club with the highest number of seasons in the top flight ( 25 ) without having achieved a single honour . Their highest position in the English football league system was 7th in the Premier League in 2008 -- 09 , while their lowest position was 17th in the Third Division ( by then the fourth tier ) in 1995 -- 96 .   The following table gives a record of every season of the club from their first professional season in the Southern Football League Division 2 , to the present day , in the EFL Championship . It details the club 's achievements in major competitions , their managers , and the top scorers in the league for each season . The table is correct up to the end of the 2012 -- 13 season .

neg: 2013–14 Everton F.C. season The 2013 -- 14 season was Everton 's 22nd season in the Premier League and 60th consecutive season in the top division of English football . It was also Everton 's 115th season of league football and 117th season in all competitions . It was the first season without David Moyes as manager since 2002 , with Moyes leaving Everton to succeed Alex Ferguson as manager of Manchester United . In addition , the club crest was redesigned ahead of this season for the first time since 2000 . On 5 June 2013 , Roberto Martínez was announced as the new Everton manager , having left his post at relegated FA Cup holders Wigan Athletic . Everton finished in sixth position in the domestic league in the previous season , missing out on qualification for the UEFA Europa League , meaning it failed to qualify for any European competitions for the fourth season running .   Everton 's Premier League campaign began in August 2013 with Martínez changing their style of play to a possession based , attractive brand of football which initially led to three successive draws to start the season . A first victory came in the next match 1 -- 0 against Chelsea and by Christmas Everton had only suffered one defeat , a run which included a win over Moyes ' Manchester United , the first time the club had tasted success at Old Trafford in 21 years . The team almost went an entire year unbeaten at home but lost 1 -- 0 against Sunderland on Boxing Day . Everton 's progress stalled somewhat in the early part of 2014 with three losses in four games against Liverpool , Tottenham Hotspur and Chelsea , before winning seven league games in a row for the first time since 1987 . The spell contained perhaps Everton 's best performance of the season when they defeated Arsenal 3 -- 0 . The streak was ended with a 3 -- 2 home defeat by Crystal Palace , but Everton returned to do the double over Manchester United for the first time since 1969 . Moyes was sacked as their manager a day later . Two defeats in a row after this ended Everton 's Champions League hopes but a finish of 5th in the league table is their highest in five years with Everton qualifying for next season 's Europa League . Martínez utilised the loan market during the season , with Romelu Lukaku ( on loan from Chelsea ) being Everton 's top scorer with 16 goals in all competitions . The emergence of young players such as Ross Barkley , John Stones and summer signing James McCarthy was also a feature of his debut season in charge , with Barkley going on to be selected for England 's World Cup squad . Right back Séamus Coleman was named Everton 's player of the year .   In the cup competitions Everton lost in the sixth round of the FA Cup ( entered at round three ) and the third round of the League Cup ( entered at round two ) .

neg: 2014 UEFA Europa League Final The 2014 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2013 -- 14 UEFA Europa League , the 43rd season of Europe 's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the fifth season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League . It was played at the Juventus Stadium in Turin , Italy on 14 May 2014 , between Spanish side Sevilla and Portuguese side Benfica . Sevilla won the match 4 -- 2 on penalties , following a 0 -- 0 draw after extra time .   Sevilla secured their third title in eight years , after winning the competition in 2006 and 2007 . With this triumph , they joined Juventus ( 1977 , 1990 , 1993 ) , Internazionale ( 1991 , 1994 , 1998 ) and Liverpool ( 1973 , 1976 , 2001 ) as the teams with the most wins . Benfica lost their second consecutive UEFA Europa League final , following their defeat against Chelsea in the 2013 final . Including their runner-up finish in 1983 , Benfica are the team with the most lost finals in the competition .   As the winners , Sevilla earned the right to play against 2013 -- 14 UEFA Champions League winners Real Madrid in the 2014 UEFA Super Cup .

neg: 2016–17 Premier League International Cup The 2016 -- 17 Premier League International Cup was the third season of the Premier League International Cup , a European club football competition organised by the Premier League for under-23 players .   Villarreal were the defending champions , having defeating PSV 4 -- 2 in the previous season 's final , but were eliminated in the group stage .

neg: Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time .   Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 .   Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament .   On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .

neg: Heroes and Villains (football fanzine) Heroes and Villains is the title of a football fanzine written by and primarily aimed at fans of Aston Villa F.C. . It was launched in 1989 , and has been in regular print ever since , long surpassing 100 issues .   It has been edited from the start by Dave Woodhall . Although of course primarily concerned directly with the fortunes of Aston Villa , occasionally other general football articles and humorous , nostalgic pieces are to be found amongst its pages .   It was often critical of Doug Ellis who was the chairman of Aston Villa during the period 1982 to 2006 ( his second spell at the club ) . He was seen by many fans as being complacent and unambitious regarding the fortunes of the team .   As with most fanzines , many articles contain much baiting of local rival football clubs and their fans , in this case chiefly Birmingham City F.C. and West Bromwich Albion F.C.   However , a goodly part of the fanzine 's contents consist of contributors ' personal views on and memories of experiences derived from being a supporter of Aston Villa . Aston Villa 's richly varied history , particularly that of the last 25 years and within living memory of most contributors , consisting as it does of Villa 's League Championship and European Cup winning achievements of '81 and ' 82 , their mid '80s decline culminating in relegation in ' 87 , followed by a revival under Graham Taylor 's management which led to an unexpected league runners-up spot just 3 seasons later , provides much material . As does a further , also unexpected , runners up placing in ' 93 , league cup triumphs in '94 and ' 96 , and the generally solid but unspectacular performance of the team , up to the 2005-2006 season 's underachievements and the broad feeling of dissatisfaction with the way the club was being run .   Something of a running joke in the fanzine concerns Villa 's underachievement in the FA Cup , the club having not won the competition since 1957 , with their only final appearance since then consisting of a dismal performance in losing 1-0 to the pre-Roman Abramovich Chelsea in 2000 . As the 3rd round of the competition - Villa 's usual entry point - approaches each season , many fans come to the agreement that this year is definitely `` our year for the cup ... ''   For the start of the 2014-15 season , the fanzine phased out the paper publishing format of distribution , and is now available only to download to computers , mobile devices , and so on .   The fanzine also spawned a website forum which remains very popular among Villa supporters .

neg: 2011–12 Football League Cup The 2011 -- 12 Football League Cup , known as the Carling Cup due to the competition 's sponsorship by lager brand Carling , was the 52nd season of the Football League Cup , a knock-out competition for England 's top 92 football clubs . Birmingham City were the defending champions , having beaten Arsenal 2 -- 1 in last season 's Final , but were knocked out 2 -- 0 by Manchester City in the Third Round .   Liverpool , the winner of the competition , qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2012 -- 13 UEFA Europa League . The final was held on 26 February 2012 , and was contested at Wembley Stadium between finalists Liverpool and Cardiff City . Cardiff were the first team outside the Premier League to appear in a League Cup final since 2001 . It was Liverpool 's first appearance at the new Wembley . Liverpool won the final 3 -- 2 on penalties , claiming a record eighth League Cup , after the score was 2 -- 2 after extra time .

neg: 2013–14 Manchester City F.C. season The 2013 -- 14 season is Manchester City Football Club 's 112th season of competitive football , its 85th season in the top division of English football and its 17th season in the Premier League since the league was first created , with Manchester City as one of the original 22 founder-members .   The season was notable for City 's goal-scoring performances . On 18 January against Cardiff City , City became the fastest club in Premier League history to score 100 competitive goals in all competitions and the first to complete this feat before the end of January . They went on to score 156 goals in all competitions , breaking the previous goal aggregate record of 143 goals set by Manchester United in 1956 -- 57 .  Their 100th Premier League goal of the season was scored in the 4 -- 0 victory over Aston Villa on 7 May 2014 . This was the first time City had scored more than 100 league goals in the top English division in a season since 1957 -- 58 . Coincidentally , their 100th goal was notable for another reason , as it became the first goal in all of English league football to be decided via the Hawk-Eye system , which had been rolled out for use in English football at the start of the season .   The final tally of 102 league goals was at the time the second-highest Premier League season total and one goal short of Chelsea 's 2009 -- 10 record .  This was also the first Premier League season where a team had three individual players each score more than 15 league goals ( Yaya Touré , Sergio Agüero and Edin Džeko )   City recorded their first silverware of the Manuel Pellegrini era on 2 March 2014 , when they lifted the Football League Cup . In doing so , they became the first Manchester City side to lift the famous three-handled trophy since 1976 .   Then , on 11 May 2014 , they won the Premier League for the second time in three seasons with a 2 -- 0 win over West Ham United . It was the first time that Manchester City had won two major trophies in a season since the 1969 -- 70 season , when they won the League Cup and the Cup Winners ' Cup , and concluded one of the greatest seasons in the club 's history .

neg: 2010–11 Everton F.C. season The 2010 -- 11 season of Everton F.C. was Everton 's 19th season in the Premier League and 57th consecutive season in the top division of English football . It was also Everton 's 112th season of league football and 114th season in all competitions . The club began their pre-season friendly schedule on 10 July 2010 with a 3-match tour of Australia . Also , for the first time in club history , Everton played against and defeated their namesake , Chilean club Everton de Viña del Mar , 2 -- 0 in a friendly at Goodison Park . The club entered the Football League Cup in the Second Round against Huddersfield Town and were knocked out in the subsequent round in an upset defeat away to Brentford . Everton entered the FA Cup in the Third Round Proper and were eliminated in the Fifth Round by Reading . The club 's Premier League campaign began on 14 August against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park and concluded on 22 May against Chelsea at Goodison Park . For the first time since 2006 -- 07 , Everton did not participate in any European competitions .

neg: 2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season The 2008 -- 09 season was Manchester United 's 17th season in the Premier League , and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football . After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool 's record of 18 league titles , the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990 . However , they were beaten 2 -- 0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009 .   United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield . In December 2008 , the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1 -- 0 in the final . Two months later , on 1 March 2009 , the club added the 2008 -- 09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4 -- 1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final .   United secured a third consecutive Premier League with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009 . This made them the first team ever to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two separate occasions , having previously done so between 1999 and 2001 .

neg: 2009–10 UEFA Champions League The 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League was the 55th season of Europe 's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA , and the 18th under the current UEFA Champions League format . The final was played on 22 May 2010 , at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium , home ground of Real Madrid , in Madrid , Spain . The final was won by Italian club Internazionale , who beat German side Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 . Internazionale went on to represent Europe in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup , beating Congolese side TP Mazembe 3 -- 0 in the final , and played in the 2010 UEFA Super Cup against Europa League winners Atlético Madrid , losing 2 -- 0 .   Barcelona were the defending champions , but were eliminated by eventual winners Internazionale in the semi-finals .

neg: 1995–96 Juventus F.C. season Juventus Football Club finished second in Serie A and regained the European Cup trophy after 11 years , winning the Champions League final against Ajax 4 -- 2 on penalties in Rome . Juventus also won the Supercoppa Italiana in the late summer of 1995 , before going on to finish second in the league . Following the Champions League title , strikers Gianluca Vialli and Fabrizio Ravanelli were sold to Chelsea and Middlesbrough , respectively . The club also dropped Pietro Vierchowod , Paulo Sousa and Massimo Carrera . Instead , Juventus decided to sign playmaker Zinedine Zidane from Bordeaux , along with young striker Christian Vieri , who signed from Atalanta .

neg: 2006 UEFA Champions League Final The 2006 UEFA Champions League Final was an association football match between Barcelona of Spain and Arsenal of England at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis , Paris , France , on Wednesday , 17 May 2006 . It was the final match of the 2005 -- 06 season of Europe 's primary cup competition , the UEFA Champions League . Barcelona were appearing in their fifth final , having won the competition once in 1992 , and lost the other three finals . Arsenal were appearing in the final for the first time and in doing so became the first club from London to feature in the final .   Each club needed to progress through the group stage and knockout rounds to reach the final , playing 12 matches in total . Barcelona won their group and progressed to the final after beating Chelsea , Benfica and Milan , respectively . Arsenal won their group to move into the knockout stage , and progressed without conceding a goal against Real Madrid , Juventus and Villarreal , respectively .   A crowd of 79,500 watched as Jens Lehmann was sent off early in the game . Despite this setback , Arsenal took the lead through Sol Campbell towards the end of the first half . The game turned with the 61st minute introduction of Henrik Larsson as a Barcelona substitute . Larsson provided two assists , one each for Samuel Eto'o and Juliano Belletti . The 2 -- 1 victory was Barcelona 's second triumph in the competition 14 years after they won the European Cup in 1992 .

neg: 2008–09 S.L. Benfica season The 2008 -- 09 European football season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica 's 105th season and their 75th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football . The season ran from 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009 , with Benfica competing domestically in the Primeira Liga , Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga . The club also participated in the UEFA Cup , since they finished fourth in the Primeira Liga the previous season .   After José Antonio Camacho 's March 2008 resignation , Benfica did not have a permanent manager . The club inquired about Quique Sánchez Flores , Sven-Göran Eriksson and others , ultimately choosing Flores . Rui Costa led the transfer activity as Benfica continued to invest heavily , spending nearly $ 19 million on Javier Balboa , Carlos Martins , Pablo Aimar and Sidnei and bringing in José Antonio Reyes and David Suazo on loan . Major departures included Rui Costa , Cristian Rodríguez , Petit and Nélson .   Benfica 's season began inauspiciously but they quickly recovered , gaining momentum domestically and eliminating Napoli to qualify for the group stage of the UEFA Cup . Until January , club performance fluctuated in their European campaign and the domestic league . Although they finished last in the former , they reached first place in the Primeira Liga for the first time since 2005 .   In the new year , Benfica suffered their first league loss , falling to second place and beginning their erratic spell . Despite a sterling League Cup ( where they earned their first honour in four seasons ) , the club 's league play was not as impressive . They battled Porto for first place until March , when they had another costly loss and were passed by Sporting CP . Benfica tried to retake second place in the remaining eight matches , but in early May , the club dropped five points , sealing their fate ; they finished third , missing the UEFA Champions League for a second consecutive season .

neg: Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers Football Club -LSB- ˈblækbɜrn_ˈroʊvərz -RSB- is a professional association football club based in Ewood , Blackburn in the county of Lancashire , England . It competes in League One following its relegation from the Championship at the conclusion of the 2016 -- 17 season .   The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 . It is one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League ( the others being Aston Villa and Everton ) . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups and one Football League Cup . Blackburn are the only extant club to have won three consecutive FA Cups . The club has spent the majority of its existence in the top flight of English football ( 72 years ) .   In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998 -- 99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000 -- 01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times : once as League Cup winners , twice as the Premier League 's sixth-placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup . The 2011 -- 12 season marked the club 's 72nd , non-consecutive , year in the top flight . Rovers are currently one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League , along with Arsenal , Chelsea , Manchester United , Manchester City and Leicester City .   The club 's motto is `` Arte et Labore '' , `` By Skill and Hard Work '' in Latin .

neg: 1986–87 Manchester United F.C. season The 1986 -- 87 season was Manchester United 's 85th season in the Football League , and their 12th consecutive season in the top division of English football .   The pressure on manager Ron Atkinson after last season 's failed title challenge remained strong after United lost their opening three games of the season , and despite some decent results in the following few weeks , United bowed out of the League Cup in a fourth round replay defeat at Southampton , prompting the dismissal of Atkinson on 6 November 1986 after more than five years in charge .   Alex Ferguson was confirmed as Atkinson 's successor within hours , recruited from Scottish side Aberdeen , where he had enjoyed considerable success in the previous seven years . United recovered well in the league after his appointment and finished 11th , managing to scratch up some impressive results including winning both of their league clashes with Liverpool ( results which helped deprive Kenny Dalglish 's side of the league title ) , a 4 -- 1 home win over Newcastle United on New Year 's Day 1987 , a 2 -- 0 home win over a resurgent Arsenal and a 2 -- 0 win at Old Trafford in the Manchester derby which helped push City towards relegation . Their win at Liverpool also made them the only team to win at Liverpool in the league all season .   However , United were prevented from finishing even higher in the league by a few disappointing results after Ferguson 's arrival , beginning with a 2 -- 0 defeat in their first game under Ferguson at Oxford United , losing both of their clashes with newly promoted Wimbledon , being beaten at Old Trafford by Norwich City just after Christmas and suffering a 4 -- 0 defeat at Tottenham near the end of the season , although by the time of the Tottenham game it was mathematically impossible for United to either win the title or suffer relegation ( there was no prospect of European qualification due to the ongoing ban on English clubs in Europe following the Heysel disaster two years earlier ) . United also failed to win any another away games in the league apart from the visit to Liverpool on Boxing Day .   United 's improvement under Ferguson during the season was achieved without making any major signings , although it was widely expected that he would spend heavily on new players during the 1987 close season . He went on to pay Celtic # 850,000 for high-scoring striker Brian McClair . He strengthened the defence by paying Arsenal # 250,000 for experienced full-back Viv Anderson . Unsuccessful bids were also made for several other players : Ferguson expressed an interest in bringing striker Mark Hateley back to England from Milan , but the player opted to remain overseas and signed for AS Monaco instead . He also made a bid to bring Peter Beardsley back to the club from Newcastle United , but the England international forward instead joined Liverpool for a British record fee . Ferguson was offered the chance to sign Watford winger John Barnes , but declined to make an approach for the player due to his faith in Jesper Olsen in the same position .

neg: 2015–16 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season The 2015 -- 16 season is Tottenham Hotspur 's 24th season in the Premier League and 38th successive season in the top division of the English football league system . Along with the Premier League , the club competed in the FA Cup , League Cup and the Europa League . The season covers the period from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016 .

neg: 2013 FIFA Club World Cup The 2013 FIFA Club World Cup ( officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013 presented by Toyota for sponsorship reasons ) was the 10th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup , a FIFA-organised international club football tournament between the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations , as well as the national league champion from the host country . It was hosted by Morocco , and played from 11 to 21 December 2013 .   Bayern Munich won the title for the first time after defeating Raja Casablanca 2 -- 0 in the final .


query: Notes on a Scandal has music.

pos: Notes on a Scandal (film) Notes on a Scandal is a 2006 British psychological thriller-drama film , adapted from the 2003 novel of the same name by Zoë Heller . The screenplay was written by Patrick Marber and the film was directed by Richard Eyre and starred Judi Dench and Cate Blanchett . The soundtrack was composed by Philip Glass .   It was nominated for four Academy Awards -- Best Actress , Best Supporting Actress , Best Adapted Screenplay , and Best Original Score .

neg: Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) .   In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . ''   The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries .   Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show .   In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .

neg: Sonatina A sonatina is literally a small sonata . As a musical term , sonatina has no single strict definition ; it is rather a title applied by the composer to a piece that is in basic sonata form , but is shorter and lighter in character , or technically more elementary , than a typical sonata . The term has been in use at least since the late baroque ; there is a one-page , one-movement harpsichord piece by Handel called `` Sonatina '' . It is most often applied to solo keyboard works , but a number of composers have written sonatinas for violin and piano ( see list under Violin sonata ) , e.g. Sonatina in G major for Violin and Piano by Antonín Dvořák , and occasionally for other instruments , e.g. the Clarinet Sonatina by Malcolm Arnold .   The title `` Sonatina '' was used occasionally by J.S. Bach for short orchestral introductions to large vocal works , as in his cantata Gottes Zeit ist die allerbeste Zeit , BWV 106 , a practice with precedent in the work of the earlier German composer Nicolaus Bruhns . This is the only sense in which Bach used the term sonatina , although he composed many chamber and solo sonatas for various instruments .   As with many musical terms , sonatina is used inconsistently . The most common meaning is a short , easy sonata suitable for students , such as the piano sonatinas of Clementi . However , by no means are all sonatinas technically undemanding , for example the virtuoso sonatinas of Busoni and Alkan , and the Sonatine of Ravel , whose title reflects its neo-classical quality . On the other hand , some sonatas could equally have been called sonatinas : for example Beethoven 's Op. 49 , titled by the composer `` Zwei Leichte Sonaten für das Pianoforte '' ( `` Two Easy Sonatas for Piano '' ) comprise only two short movements each , a sonata-allegro and a short rondo ( No. 1 ) or minuet ( No. 2 ) , all well within the grasp of the intermediate student . However , other works titled `` Sonatina '' , such as the Sonatina in F major , have been attributed to Beethoven .   In general , a sonatina will have one or more of the following characteristics : brevity ; fewer movements than the four of the late classical sonata ; technical simplicity ; a lighter , less serious character ; and ( in post-romantic music ) a neo-classical style or a reference to earlier music . Muzio Clementi 's sonatinas op. 36 are very popular among students .   The first ( or only ) movement is generally in an abbreviated sonata form , with little or no development of the themes . For this reason , a sonatina is sometimes defined , especially in British usage , as a short piece in sonata form in which the development section is quite perfunctory or entirely absent : the exposition is followed immediately by a brief bridge passage to modulate back to the home key for the recapitulation . Subsequent movements ( at most two ) may be in any of the common forms : e.g. a minuet or scherzo , a slow theme-and-variations , or a rondo .

neg: Blood on the Fields Blood on the Fields is a three-and-a-half-hour jazz oratorio , by Wynton Marsalis . It was commissioned by Lincoln Center and concerns a couple moving from slavery to freedom .   It received the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for Music . However , Marsalis 's victory was controversial because according to the Pulitzer guidelines , his work was not eligible . Although a winning work was supposed to have had its first performance during that year , Marsalis ' piece premiered on April 1 , 1994 and its recording , released on Columbia Records , was dated 1995 . Yet , the piece won the 1997 prize . Marsalis ' management had submitted a `` revised version '' of `` Blood on the Fields '' which was `` premiered '' at Yale University after the composer made seven small changes . When asked what would make a revised work eligible , the chairman of that year 's music jury , Robert Ward , said : `` Not a cut here and there ... or a slight revision , '' but rather something that changed `` the whole conception of the piece . '' After being read the list of revisions that were made to the piece , Ward acknowledged that the minor changes should not have qualified it as eligible , but he said that `` the list you had here was not available to us , and we did not discuss it . ''

neg: Alan Rich Alan Rich ( June 17 , 1924 -- April 23 , 2010 ) was an American music critic who served on the staff of many newspapers and magazines on both coasts . Originally from Brookline , Massachusetts , he first studied medicine at Harvard University before turning to music . While a student at Harvard he began his career as critic , working as assistant music critic at the Boston Herald .   He was music director of KPFA , the Berkeley radio station , and successively a music critic for publications including The New York Times , the New York Herald Tribune , New York magazine , Newsweek , California magazine , the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner , Opera News , and from 1992 to 2008 LA Weekly magazine . He subsequently worked briefly as music critic for Bloomberg News .   Rich also wrote a number of books including Music , Mirror of the Arts ( 1969 ) and So I 've Heard : Notes of a Migratory Music Critic , published in 2006 .   In 1990 , Rich authored an innovative CD-ROM exploring Schubert 's `` Trout Quintet '' . Published by The Voyager Company , and produced by composer David Javelosa .

neg: Scandalo Scandalo '' is Gianna Nannini 's ninth studio album , and eleventh album overall . It was released in 1990 .

neg: Of Thee I Sing Of Thee I Sing is a musical with a score by George Gershwin , lyrics by Ira Gershwin and a book by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind . The musical lampoons American politics ; the story concerns John P. Wintergreen , who runs for President of the United States on the `` love '' platform . When he falls in love with the sensible Mary Turner instead of Diana Devereaux , the beautiful pageant winner selected for him , he gets into political hot water .   The original Broadway production , directed by Kaufman , opened in 1931 and ran for 441 performances , gaining critical and box office success . It has been revived twice on Broadway and in concert stagings in the U.S. and in London . In 1932 , Of Thee I Sing was the first musical to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama .

neg: Legal issues surrounding music sampling Music sampling is the subject of many legal disputes , chiefly in the realm of copyright law as it applies to musical compositions and sound recordings .   Early sampling artists simply used portions of other artists ' recordings without permission , but once music incorporating samples began to make significant money , some sampled artists , publishers , and record companies began to take legal action , claiming copyright infringement . Sometimes , after the threat or initiation of a lawsuit , such disputes are settled out of court , often with the sampling artist obtaining a license at considerable cost and making other concessions to appease the aggrieved party ; other times , the sampling artist contests the infringement claims , such as by arguing in court that the copyright law does not cover their particular use of the work . The outcome of these court cases , primarily in the United States and the United Kingdom , have shaped common law , defining ways statutory law -- which does not directly cover sampling -- can be applied to sampling disputes .   In accordance to the United States constitution , the laws of copyright permit a number of rights to authors so that they may `` Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts . '' This principle brings to light the true reason for copyright law - to develop boundaries economically and legally where learning , science , and culture can progress .

neg: Goodbye to You (Scandal song) `` Goodbye to You '' is a single by American rock band Scandal .

neg: Run (Scandal) `` Run '' is the tenth episode , serving as a mid-season premiere of the fourth season of the American political thriller television series Scandal , and is the 57th overall episode , which aired on ABC on January 29 , 2015 . The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by executive producer Tom Verica . The episode serves as a bottle episode , in which the episode focuses solely on Olivia 's kidnapping and her captivity in a jail cell , which she shares with a cellmate named Ian McLeod . The episode features the fewest series regulars of any episode of the series , with only four regulars appearing : Olivia Pope , Jake Ballard , President Fitzgerald `` Fitz '' Grant lll and Abby Whelan .   Shonda Rhimes praised the episode in an interview in which she named it the best episode of Scandal . She praised the writing , saying , `` It is probably my favorite episode that we 've done , ever . It 's my favorite episode that I 've written , of anything that I 've written . But it 's probably our favorite episode that we 've done ever . ''

neg: Characteristics of progressive rock Progressive rock is a term that refers to a musical style . The term was originally referred to as `` classical rock '' ( in which a band performed together with an orchestra ) , but the term 's use has expanded in recent years to include other fusions of music styles including jazz fusion , metal and folk rock musics . The term does not refer to one particular music style but to an approach that combines elements of diverse styles . Jerry Ewing , editor of Prog Magazine , explains that `` Prog is not just a sound , it 's a mindset . '' Dream Theater guitarist John Petrucci outlines that Progressive rock is defined by its very lack of stylistic boundaries . The advent of the concept album , plus the genre 's roots in psychedelia , led albums and performances to be viewed as combined presentations of music , lyrics , and visuals .   Bands abandoned the short pop single in favor of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz or classical music as part of an effort to give rock music the same level of musical sophistication and critical respect . Progressive rock abandons the danceable beat that defines earlier rock styles and is more likely than other types of popular music to experiment with compositional structure , instrumentation , harmony and rhythm , or lyrical content . It may demand more effort on the part of the listener than other types of music .   Musicians in progressive rock typically display a high degree of instrumental skill , although this is not always the case . Virtuoso instrumental skills are so closely associated with progressive rock that authors such as Bill Martin consider it as a defining element and exclude bands such as Pink Floyd from consideration . It is not uncommon for musicians to have received a higher-than-average level of formal training . Players from the genre frequently appear in readers ' polls of publications that cater to musicians .

neg: Handel Reference Database The Handel Reference Database ( HRD ) is the largest documentary collection on George Frideric Handel ( 1685 -- 1759 ) and his times . It was launched in January 2008 on the server of the Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities ( CCARH ) at Stanford University . Originally assembled by Ilias Chrissochoidis to support his PhD dissertation `` Early Reception of Handel 's Oratorios , 1732 -- 1784 : Narrative-Studies-Documents '' ( Stanford University , 2004 ) , it now includes about 4,000 items and 800,000 words . HRD is organized chronologically , covering the period from 1685 to 1784 and focusing on Handel 's British career and reception . It includes transcriptions of printed and manuscript sources , some of which remain unpublished ( `` The Academy of Vocal Music '' , British Library , Add . Ms. 11732 ; `` The John Marsh Diaries , 1802 -- 28 '' , Huntington Library , HM 54457 , vols . 23 -- 37 ) and external links to early secondary literature on the composer . The project received financial support from Houghton Library , Harvard University ( 2010 -- 11 ) and UCLA 's William Andrews Clark Memorial Library ( 2011 -- 12 ) .   HRD is listed in An International Handel Bibliography / Internationale Händel-Bibliographie : 1959 -- 2009 . Links to the database are available from the web portals of the American Musicological Society ( AMS ) , the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies ( ASECS ) , the British Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies ( BSECS ) , the Society for Eighteenth-Century Music ( SECM ) , the Stiftung Händel-Haus in Halle , the Foundling Museum , and Stanford University 's , Harvard University 's , UC Berkeley 's , -RSB- , and University College London 's Library Services .

neg: Sheet music Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches ( melodies ) , rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece . Like its analogs -- printed books or pamphlets in English , Arabic or other languages -- the medium of sheet music typically is paper ( or , in earlier centuries , papyrus or parchment ) , although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically , and , in some cases , `` play back '' the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments .   Use of the term `` sheet '' is intended to differentiate written or printed forms of music from sound recordings ( on vinyl record , cassette , CD ) , radio or TV broadcasts or recorded live performances , which may capture film or video footage of the performance as well as the audio component . In everyday use , `` sheet music '' ( or simply `` music '' ) can refer to the print publication of commercial sheet music in conjunction with the release of a new film , TV show , record album , or other special or popular event which involves music . The first printed sheet music made with a printing press was made in 1473 .   Sheet music is the basic form in which Western classical music is notated so that it can be learned and performed by solo singers or instrumentalists or musical ensembles . Many forms of traditional and popular Western music are commonly learned by singers and musicians `` by ear '' , rather than by using sheet music ( although in many cases , traditional and pop music may also be available in sheet music form ) .   `` Score '' is a common alternative ( and more generic ) term for sheet music , and there are several types of scores , as discussed below . The term `` score '' can also refer to theatre music , orchestral music or songs written for a play , musical , opera or ballet , or to music or songs written for a television programme or film ; for the last of these , see Film score .

neg: Musical (Summary Proceedings) Copyright Act 1902 The Musical ( Summary Proceedings ) Copyright Act 1902 ( 2 Edw . VII c. 15 ) was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , given the royal assent on 22 July 1902 , in force from 1 October 1902 , and repealed in 1956 .   It provided that the owner of the copyright in a musical work could apply to a court of summary jurisdiction with evidence that unlicensed copies of the work were being `` hawked , carried about , sold or offered for sale '' , and that the court could order a constable to seize these copies without warrant and bring them before the court . If it was proven the copies were unauthorized , the court could order them to be destroyed , or delivered to the copyright owner .   It also empowered any constable , on the written request ( and risk ) of the copyright owner or his or her designated agent , to seize without warrant any infringing copy being hawked for sale and bring them before a court ; on the proof that they were copyright infringements , they could then be disposed of by the court as above .   In the context of this act , `` musical work '' meant a melody or harmony `` printed , reduced to writing , or otherwise graphically produced or reproduced '' . Recorded music was not envisaged in the scope of the legislation .   The Act was repealed by the Copyright Act 1956 .

neg: Tragic Lovers Tragic Lovers is a classical music album by the Oregon Symphony under the artistic direction of James DePreist , released by the record label Delos in 2008 . It contains three works inspired by tragic love stories in literature : Richard Wagner 's Prelude and `` Liebestod '' from Tristan and Isolde ( 1865 ) , Hector Berlioz 's `` Love Scene '' from Roméo et Juliette , Op. 17 , and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's Romeo and Juliet . Amelia Haygood and Carol Rosenberger served as executive producers of the album ; the recording producers were Michael Fine and Adam Stern . The album 's creation was financially supported by the Gretchen Brooks Recording Fund , which supported two recording sessions per year for each of DePreist 's final five years as music director . Tragic Lovers was the orchestra 's final recording with DePreist -- who left the Oregon Symphony in April 2003 -- as conductor and its final contribution to Delos 's `` Virtual Reality Recording '' series .   Compositions from the album have been broadcast on several stations , including Public Radio Exchange , WDAV , New England Public Radio ( WFCR ) and Northwest Public Radio . WFCR broadcast the Tchaikovsky recording in November 2011 in recognition of DePreist 's 75th birthday , and the Berlioz track in February 2013 , following DePreist 's death . The Classical Music Sentinel published a positive review of the album , comparing it to a three-movement symphony .

neg: Special election musical chairs `` Special election musical chairs '' is a term used by editorialists to describe a series of special elections triggered by the mid-term resignation or death of an officeholder , with elections being won by other officeholders , triggering further special elections until either the next election required to replace a vacant office is scheduled on a regular election day or the winner of an election does not create a vacancy in any elected office .   A well-known example is the series of five special elections held in the Oakland-Berkeley area from April 1998 to April 1999 . It began with the mid-term retirement of well-known Congressman Ron Dellums , and ended one year later with the unexpected election to the California State Assembly of Green Party candidate Audie Bock - by which time turnout had fallen to just 15 % of registered voters .

neg: Russian chanson Russian chanson ( -LSB- Русский шансон , r = Russkiy shanson , -RSB- from French `` chanson '' ) is a neologism for a musical genre covering a range of Russian songs , including city romance songs , author song performed by singer-songwriters , and Blatnaya Pesnya or `` criminals ' songs '' that are based on the themes of the urban underclass and the criminal underworld .

neg: Nota bene Nota bene ( -LSB- ˈnoʊtə_ˈbɛneɪ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈnoʊtə_ˈbɛni -RSB- or -LSB- ˈnoʊtə_ˈbiːni -RSB- plural form notate bene ) is a Latin phrase meaning `` note well '' .  The phrase first appeared in  English writing circa 1711 .   Often abbreviated as `` N.B. '' , `` N.b. '' or `` n.b. '' ( US English ) ; `` NB '' , `` Nb '' or `` nb '' ( UK English ) nota bene comes from the Latin roots notāre ( `` to note '' ) and bene ( `` well '' ) . It is in the singular imperative mood , instructing one individual to note well the matter at hand . In present-day English , it is used , particularly in legal papers , to draw the attention of the reader to a certain ( side ) aspect or detail of the subject on hand , translating it as `` pay attention '' or `` take notice '' . While `` N.B. '' is often used in academic writing , `` note '' is a common substitute .   The markings used to draw readers ' attention in the medieval manuscripts are also called nota bene marks . The common medieval markings do not , however , include the abbreviation N.B. . The usual medieval equivalents are anagrams from the four letters in the word nota , the abbreviation D.M. from Dignum memoria ( Worth remembering ) or a symbol of a little hand , called a manicule , with the index finger pointing towards the beginning of the significant passage .

neg: Arrangement In music , an arrangement is a musical reconceptualization of a previously composed work . It may differ from the original work by means of reharmonization , melodic paraphrasing , orchestration , or development of the formal structure . Arranging differs from orchestration in that the latter process is limited to the assignment of notes to instruments for performance by an orchestra , concert band , or other musical ensemble . Arranging `` involves adding compositional techniques , such as new thematic material for introductions , transitions , or modulations , and endings ... . Arranging is the art of giving an existing melody musical variety '' .

neg: Dotted note In Western musical notation , a dotted note is a note with a small dot written after it . In modern practice the first dot increases the duration of the basic note by half of its original value . A dotted note is equivalent to writing the basic note tied to a note of half the value ; or with more than one dot , tied to notes of progressively halved value . The length of any given note a with n dots is therefore given by the geometric series   More than three dots are highly uncommon but theoretically possible ; only quadruple dots have been attested .   A rhythm using longer notes alternating with shorter notes ( whether notated with dots or not ) is sometimes called a dotted rhythm . Historical examples of music performance styles using dotted rhythm include notes inégales and swing . The precise performance of dotted rhythms can be a complex issue . Even in notation that includes dots , their performed values may be longer than the dot mathematically indicates , a practice known as over-dotting .

neg: List of Scandal episodes Scandal is an American political thriller television series created by Shonda Rhimes , which premiered on ABC on April 5 , 2012 .   Kerry Washington stars as Olivia Pope , a former White House Communications Director who leaves to start her own crisis management firm , Pope and Associates , where she works to keep the secrets and protect the public images of the country 's most powerful and elite . On staff at the new firm are fresh-faced lawyer Quinn Perkins ( Katie Lowes ) ; smooth talking litigator Harrison Wright ( Columbus Short ) ; investigator Abby Whelan ( Darby Stanchfield ) ; and computer hacker with a CIA past Huck ( Guillermo Diaz ) . The show also focuses on President of the United States Fitzgerald Grant ( Tony Goldwyn ) ; First Lady Mellie Grant ( Bellamy Young ) ; White House Chief of Staff Cyrus Beene ( Jeff Perry ) ; Vice President and eventual presidential candidate Sally Langston ( Kate Burton ) ; U.S. Attorney David Rosen ( Joshua Malina ) ; Head of NSA , Jake Ballard ( Scott Foley ) ; chairwoman Elizabeth North ( Portia de Rossi ) ; activist Marcus Walker ( Cornelius Smith Jr. ) ; and head of B613 Eli Pope ( Joe Morton ) .   On February 10 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a seventh season . It was later announced it will be the final season .