query: Inhumans are DC characters.

pos: Inhumans The Inhumans are a fictional race of superhumans appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .   The comic book series has usually focused more specifically on the adventures of the Inhuman Royal Family , and many people associate the name `` Inhumans '' with this particular team of super-powered characters .   The Inhumans first appeared in Fantastic Four # 45 ( December 1965 ) , though members Medusa and Gorgon appeared in earlier issues of that series ( # 36 and # 44 , respectively ) . Their home , the city of Attilan , was first mentioned years earlier , in a Tuk the Caveboy story written and drawn by Jack Kirby that appeared in Captain America Comics # 1 ( March 1941 ) . The city was described as the home of a race that was evolutionarily advanced when human beings were still in the Stone Age .   The Inhuman Royal Family had been adapted to numerous Marvel animated series and video games over the years . Inhuman characters were introduced in live-action in the second season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , while the Inhuman Royal Family will be featured in the TV series Inhumans , which is scheduled to premiere in 2017 .

neg: Dark Side Club The Dark Side Club is a fictional underground club in DC Comics , coming to prominence in the Final Crisis limited series .

neg: Red Guardian The Red Guardian ( Russian : Красный хранитель , Krasnij Khranitel ) is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Red Guardian is an identity that was created as the Soviet equivalent of Captain America ; since the fall of the Soviet Union , the name is no longer officially used , though at least two people have claimed the name .

neg: Nitro (comics) Nitro is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .   Nitro is known by comic fans for playing a part in the death of the Kree superhero Mar-Vell . He is also best known for being part of the tragedy that started off Marvel 's Civil War crossover .

neg: All Star DC Comics All Star was an imprint of ongoing comic book titles published by American company DC Comics that ran from 2005 to 2008 . DC has published two titles under the All-Star banner , featuring Batman and Superman .   The premise of the imprint was to partner DC Comics ' top tier characters with the most popular and acclaimed writers and artists . The creators had access to all elements in the characters ' histories to present their interpretation for a modern audience that have not read these DC characters ' comics previously , or had not seen them lately . The creative teams were not beholden to any previous and present continuities , and told stories that featured `` the most iconic versions of these characters '' .   The project had been compared to the Ultimate line of Marvel Comics , which was a successful attempt to re-introduce Marvel 's most popular characters to a new generation of readers by presenting new , updated versions unburdened by decades of plotlines . There were several differences between the two imprints , though . While the Ultimate titles have closely interrelated storylines , of the two All-Star series released , there has been no effort to make them conform to each other or indicate they exist in the same continuity . Another is that All-Star did not seek to introduce brand new versions of the characters so much as to present them in unhindered continuity . Robin 's origin was the only one `` rebooted '' in this imprint .   Some observers , and DC themselves , had pointed to the return of DC 's major film franchises as an impetus for All-Star . `` No one can doubt that some kind of continuity shedding is necessary with Superman and Batman coming to the big screens , '' the website Comicon.com wrote . `` Moviegoers entertained by these films would find the current comics storylines impenetrable '' .   With the end of Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely 's All-Star Superman and the rebranding of Frank Miller and Jim Lee 's All Star Batman and Robin as Dark Knight : Boy Wonder as well as the introduction of the DC : Earth One line of OGNs , the imprint is effectively defunct .

neg: Impala (comics) Impala , in comics , may refer to :   Impala ( DC Comics ) , a superhero affiliated with the Global Guardians  Impala ( Marvel Comics ) , a mercenary supervillain

neg: Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) .   Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star .   The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .

neg: Captain Marvel (Marvel Comics) Captain Marvel is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Most of these versions exist in Marvel 's main shared universe , known as the Marvel Universe .

neg: Mindless Ones The Mindless Ones are fictional monsters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Their first appearance was in Strange Tales # 127 .   They are extra-dimensional creatures summoned via magic to do the bidding of others ( they have no will of their own ) . They appear to have a thick , roughly humanoid shape standing taller than most men and a hide that appears to be made of rock . They have no faces to speak of except a single glowing eye . They have savage dispositions and minimal intelligence .

neg: Dark Circle The Dark Circle is a fictional criminal organization in that appears in comic books from DC Comics , primarily part of the Legion of Super-Heroes comic books . They first appeared in 1968 , created by Jim Shooter as a criminal organization founded by five members and populated by a multitude of clones of the original five members .   The Dark Circle concept was later modified to consist of members from five core worlds instead of clones . A later version , after DC Comics rebooted their history , was led by Brainiac 4 and had several known Legion of Super-Heroes enemies among their ranks instead of the previous generic masked henchmen .

neg: Liberators (comics) The Liberators are a group of fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . These characters appear in comics set in the Ultimate Marvel universe . Created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch , they appear in the miniseries The Ultimates 2 . They are effectively the Ultimate universe 's equivalents of the Masters of Evil .   The Liberators are a superhuman task force who appear at the climax of the plot arc . They spearhead an invasion of the United States and are from a coalition of nations opposed to the United States ' foreign policy . This international collective is made up of China , Syria , North Korea , Iran , and rogue elements of the French and Russian governments . The Liberators and their overseers are an opposing counterpart to the Ultimates and S.H.I.E.L.D. , respectively .   `` We told you to stop making super people , America . We told you not to interfere with cultures you can never understand . This is what happens when your ambitions outstrip your capabilities . The empire takes a fall . Congratulations , ladies and gentlemen ... The Great Satan has just been liberated . ''  - The Colonel

neg: Dark Angel (Marvel Comics) Dark Angel is the name used by two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . They have appeared in publications by Marvel UK , though they have no other relation .

neg: List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise .   The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot .   This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .

neg: X-Cell X-Cell is a terrorist organization in the Marvel Comics universe .

neg: The New Avengers (comics) The New Avengers is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The title has been used for four American comic book series . The first two were written by Brian Michael Bendis and depicted a version of Marvel 's premiere superhero team , the Avengers . The third was written by Jonathan Hickman and depicted a group of characters called the Illuminati ( formerly introduced in New Avengers Vol . 1 # 7 -LSB- July 2005 -RSB- ) . The fourth is written by Al Ewing and depicts the former scientific terrorist group A.I.M. , reformed as `` Avengers Idea Mechanics '' , whose field team has appropriated the name `` New Avengers '' for itself .

neg: Hellfire Club (comics) The Hellfire Club is a fictional society appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Hellfire Club often comes into confrontation with the mutant superhero team , the X-Men . Although the Club appears to merely be an international social club for wealthy elites , its clandestine Inner Circle seeks to influence world events , in accordance with their own agenda .   Created by the Uncanny X-Men writer/artist duo of Chris Claremont and John Byrne , they were heavily influenced by a 1966 episode of the British television series The Avengers ( `` A Touch of Brimstone '' ) . The name `` Hellfire Club '' in fact has a historical precedent , having been a popular name for gentlemen 's clubs in the 18th century . Additionally , the hierarchy of the Inner Circle is modeled on the pieces of a chess set , with Black and White sets of Kings , Queens , Bishops and Rooks .   The Hellfire Club and its Inner Circle were introduced in `` The Dark Phoenix Saga '' , attempting to subvert the X-Men 's Jean Grey . This incarnation , composed most notably of Black King Sebastian Shaw and White Queen Emma Frost , would remain prominent for many years . After their initial confrontations , the Hellfire Club and the X-Men settled into an uneasy alliance . This eventually changed as endless power struggles perpetuated a series of upheavals within the Inner Circle . The club has appeared in two X-Men animated series ( X-Men : The Animated Series and Wolverine and the X-Men ) , both times being renamed as simply The Inner Circle , due to the hesitations to use the word Hellfire in animated children series . Members of the Hellfire Club appeared in 2011 's X-Men : First Class as the main villains , led by Sebastian Shaw and Emma Frost .

neg: Justice League of Earth Justice League of Earth are fictional characters , a supervillain team of the 31st Century in the DC Comics universe . They were created by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank and first appeared in Action Comics # 859 ( January , 2008 ) as enemies of the Legion of Super-Heroes .

neg: Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity .   In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually .   Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media .   These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .

neg: Guardians of the Globe The Guardians of the Globe are a fictional superhero team in the , appearing primarily in the comic Invincible . The original team was based on DC Comics ' Justice League of America .

neg: Dubbilex Dubbilex is a fictional comic book character published by DC Comics .

neg: List of comics characters which originated in other media This list is for original fictional characters created for adaptations of comic books in other forms of media ( television series , films , books , games and advertising ) .   It includes characters like Firestar and X-23 that were later incorporated into mainstream comics . The category does not include preexisting characters from fiction ( books , film , television , etc. ) such as Dracula , Conan or Rima that were later incorporated into comics . Characters unique to certain movies and television programs such as Rachel Dawes and Max Shreck are not included on this list because they do not have counterparts in any mainstream comic book .   DC Comics :   Nora Fries  Gleek ( Super Friends )  Ethan Bennett  Mercy Graves  Gray Ghost ( fictional character )  Inspector William Henderson  Isis ( DC Comics )  Inque  King Tut ( Batman )  Livewire ( DC Comics )  Lock-Up ( comics )  Lionel Luthor  Batman ( Terry McGinnis )  Renee Montoya  Más y Menos  Non ( DC Comics )  Jimmy Olsen  Harley Quinn  Roxy Rocket  Samurai ( Super Friends )  Chloe Sullivan  Ursa ( comics )  Wendy and Marvin  Kristin Wells  Perry White  Wonder Twins  Cinderblock ( comics )  John Diggle ( Arrow )   Marvel Comics :   Firestar  Lightwave  Ms. Lion  H.E.R.B.I.E.  Hypnotia  Iceberg  Icemaster  Spyke  Abraham Whistler  X-23  Phil Coulson  Erik Selvig  Melinda May  Leo Fitz  Jemma Simmons  Antoine Triplett  Anna Jarvis   Other publishers :   Cammy  Jessica Priest  Launchpad McQuack


query: Cloud Atlas has been described as "a sort of pointillist mosaic."

pos: Cloud Atlas (film) Cloud Atlas is a 2012 German-American science fiction film written and directed by The Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer . Adapted from the 2004 novel of the same name by David Mitchell , the film has multiple plots set across six different eras , which Mitchell described as `` a sort of pointillist mosaic . '' The official synopsis describes it as `` an exploration of how the actions of individual lives impact one another in the past , present and future , as one soul is shaped from a killer into a hero , and an act of kindness ripples across centuries to inspire a revolution . '' Tom Hanks , Halle Berry , and Jim Broadbent lead an ensemble cast .   The film was produced by Grant Hill , Stefan Arndt , the Wachowskis , and Tykwer . During four years of development , the project met difficulties securing financial support ; it was eventually produced with a $ 102 million budget provided by independent sources , making it one of the most expensive independent films of all time . Production began in September 2011 at Studio Babelsberg in Potsdam-Babelsberg , Germany .   It premiered on 8 September 2012 at the 37th Toronto International Film Festival and was released on 26 October 2012 in conventional and IMAX cinemas . It polarized critics , and has been included on various Best Film and Worst Film lists . It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for Tykwer ( who co-scored the film ) , Johnny Klimek , and Reinhold Heil . It received several nominations at the Saturn Awards including Best Science Fiction Film , winning for Best Editing and Best Make-up .

neg: Jewish Ideas Daily The Jewish Ideas Daily was a website which reported on news , culture and political issues relating to Judaism and Israel . Its mission was to be `` the premier aggregator and originator of Jewish ideas on the web '' . It was founded in January 2010 under the editorship of Neal Kozodoy . The Jewish Ideas Daily was a `` sister '' publication to the Jewish Review of Books .   Until December 2012 , Jewish Ideas Daily was edited by Margot Lurie . From December 2012 on its editor was Suzanne Garment .   In addition to original articles , and reviews of scholarly Jewish books , Jewish Ideas Daily also included five `` daily picks '' , linking to external articles , and podcasts on the weekly Torah portion by Michael Carasik . Original essays published in Jewish Ideas Daily often appeared in The Jerusalem Post . A box highlighting Jewish Ideas Daily content appeared daily on many Jewish websites , including that of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency .   Jewish Ideas Daily drew notice for controversial features including one accusing Christopher Hitchens of antisemitism and the public resignation of one of Peter Beinart 's bloggers from the `` Open Zion/Zion Square '' blog .   John Podhoretz described Jewish Ideas Daily as `` a peerless examination of intellectual , political , and cultural trends in Jewish life '' . According to British journalist Daniel Johnson , `` Jewish Ideas Daily is among many manifestations of new intellectual life in the American Jewish world -- a world that has always been marked by intensity and enlightenment '' .   In June 2013 Jewish Ideas Daily was succeeded by Mosaic Magazine . A free online magazine , it offers daily summaries and links to stories around the web of interest to readers , as well as an extensive '' ... full-length monthly essay on an issue or theme of pressing significance for Jews , Judaism , or the Jewish state '' . Issue topics range from cultural or religious questions through to social and philosophical topics with in depth responses appended throughout the month for the benefit of both Jewish and Gentile readers .   Like Jewish Review of Books , and Jewish Ideas Daily , Mosaic Magazine is funded by the Tikvah Fund , a philanthropic foundation established by the late Zalman Bernstein .

neg: Conceptual art Conceptual art , sometimes simply called conceptualism , is art in which the concept ( s ) or idea ( s ) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic , technical , and material concerns . Some works of conceptual art , sometimes called installations , may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions . This method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt 's definition of Conceptual art , one of the first to appear in print :   Tony Godfrey , author of Conceptual Art ( Art & Ideas ) ( 1998 ) , asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art , a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal , early manifesto of conceptual art , `` Art after Philosophy '' ( 1969 ) . The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the influential art critic Clement Greenberg 's vision of Modern art during the 1950s . With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s , however , conceptual artists such as Joseph Kosuth , Lawrence Weiner and the English Art & Language group began a far more radical interrogation of art than was previously possible ( see below ) . One of the first and most important things they questioned was the common assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects .   Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s , in popular usage , particularly in the UK , `` conceptual art '' came to denote all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture . It could be said that one of the reasons why the term `` conceptual art '' has come to be associated with various contemporary practices far removed from its original aims and forms lies in the problem of defining the term itself . As the artist Mel Bochner suggested as early as 1970 , in explaining why he does not like the epithet `` conceptual '' , it is not always entirely clear what `` concept '' refers to , and it runs the risk of being confused with `` intention . '' Thus , in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as `` conceptual '' with an artist 's `` intention . ''

neg: Reptiles (M. C. Escher) Reptiles is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher first printed in March 1943 .   It depicts a desk upon which is a 2D drawing of a tessellated pattern of reptiles and hexagons . The reptiles at one edge of the drawing emerge into three dimensional reality , come to life and appear to crawl over a series of symbolic objects ( a book on nature , a geometers triangle , a three dimensional/pentagonal dodecahedron , a pewter bowl containing a box of matches and a box of cigarettes ) to eventually re-enter the drawing at its opposite edge . Other objects on the desk that may also be symbolic are a potted cactus and yucca , a ceramic flask with a cork stopper next to a small glass of liquid , a book of JOB cigarette rolling papers , and an open handwritten note book of many pages . Although only the size of small lizards , the reptiles have protruding crocodile-like fangs , and the one atop the dodecahedron has a dragon-like puff of smoke billowing from its nostrils .   Like many of Escher 's works , the meaning of the imagery is enigmatic . There are , however , a number of scholarly interpretations of the work . One is that the lizard represents man , emerging from pure concept in two dimensions , becoming a three dimensional being , groping through life acquiring knowledge and wisdom , arriving at deep understanding of science and sacred geometric principals and the alchemical/spiritual nature of reality and existence , and finally descending to reunion with the realm of pure concept . In this theory the objects around the edge of the drawing are signals of the stages of emergence ( cactus , biological life ) , the beginning of the fire-quest for knowledge ( rolling papers ) , contemplation and distillation ( a jug and partially consumed glass of spirits ) , deep study , understanding and wisdom ( the open well-used notebook ) , and re-integration ( matches and cigarettes symbolizing controlled/civilized fire that nonetheless consumes and returns the physical to the abstract ) .   Once a woman telephoned Escher and told him that she thought the image was a `` striking illustration of reincarnation '' . Another anecdote revolves around the small book on the desk with the letters JOB printed on it . Many people believed it to represent the biblical Book of Job . This is understandable since the reptilian animal matches the description of the extinct creature `` Leviathan '' in chapter 41 . The identity of the creature is difficult to determine as the book of Job is the oldest book in the Bible . Some say it may be Sarcosuchus . This ancient crocodyliform was discovered in Niger , Africa , which is near the proposed location of Uz , where the events of Job took place . The most likely interpretation of the small book in this work is that it is a book of JOB brand cigarette rolling papers that references the book in the Bible . It is uniquely coincidental how both the cigarette paper and Leviathan are related to fire .

neg: Big data Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing application software is inadequate to deal with them . Challenges include capture , storage , analysis , data curation , search , sharing , transfer , visualization , querying , updating and information privacy . The term `` big data '' often refers simply to the use of predictive analytics , user behavior analytics , or certain other advanced data analytics methods that extract value from data , and seldom to a particular size of data set . `` There is little doubt that the quantities of data now available are indeed large , but that 's not the most relevant characteristic of this new data ecosystem . ''  Analysis of data sets can find new correlations to `` spot business trends , prevent diseases , combat crime and so on . '' Scientists , business executives , practitioners of medicine , advertising and governments alike regularly meet difficulties with large data-sets in areas including Internet search , fintech , urban informatics , and business informatics . Scientists encounter limitations in e-Science work , including meteorology , genomics , connectomics , complex physics simulations , biology and environmental research .   Data sets grow rapidly - in part because they are increasingly gathered by cheap and numerous information-sensing Internet of things devices such as mobile devices , aerial ( remote sensing ) , software logs , cameras , microphones , radio-frequency identification ( RFID ) readers and wireless sensor networks . The world 's technological per-capita capacity to store information has roughly doubled every 40 months since the 1980s ; , every day 2.5 exabytes ( 2.5 × 1018 ) of data are generated . One question for large enterprises is determining who should own big-data initiatives that affect the entire organization .   Relational database management systems and desktop statistics - and visualization-packages often have difficulty handling big data . The work may require `` massively parallel software running on tens , hundreds , or even thousands of servers '' . What counts as `` big data '' varies depending on the capabilities of the users and their tools , and expanding capabilities make big data a moving target . `` For some organizations , facing hundreds of gigabytes of data for the first time may trigger a need to reconsider data management options . For others , it may take tens or hundreds of terabytes before data size becomes a significant consideration . ''

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .

neg: Sprite (computer graphics) In computer graphics , a sprite is a two-dimensional bitmap that is integrated into a larger scene .   Originally sprites referred to independent objects that are composited together , by hardware , with other elements such as a background . This occurs as each scan line is prepared for the video output device , such as a CRT , without involvement of the main CPU and without the need for a full-screen frame buffer . Sprites can be positioned or altered by setting attributes used during the hardware composition process . Examples of systems with hardware sprites include the Atari 8-bit family , Commodore 64 , Nintendo Entertainment System , Sega Genesis , and many coin-operated arcade machines of the 1980s .   Use of the term sprite has expanded to refer to any two-dimensional bitmap used as part of a graphics display , even if drawn into a frame buffer ( by either software or a GPU ) instead of being composited on-the-fly at display time .   The act of creating sprites is a form of pixel art . It is sometimes referred to as spriting , especially in the hobbyist community .   When multiple sprites are combined into a single image to save memory , the resulting image is called a sprite sheet or texture atlas .

neg: All-over painting All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art , for instance a painting . This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called `` drip '' paintings of Jackson Pollock and the `` automatic writing '' or `` abstract calligraphy '' of Mark Tobey in the 1950s , though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that . `` All-over painting '' is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an `` art movement . '' Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the `` all-over '' painting style . Such a painting would fail to treat the top , for instance , differently from the bottom ; the left than the right . Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting . All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest , or any indication of which way is `` up . '' Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them .   Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel 's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen .

neg: 4+1 architectural view model 4 +1 is a view model designed by Philippe Kruchten for `` describing the architecture of software-intensive systems , based on the use of multiple , concurrent views '' . The views are used to describe the system from the viewpoint of different stakeholders , such as end-users , developers and project managers . The four views of the model are logical , development , process and physical view . In addition selected use cases or scenarios are used to illustrate the architecture serving as the ` plus one ' view . Hence the model contains 4 +1 views :   Development view : The development view illustrates a system from a programmer 's perspective and is concerned with software management . This view is also known as the implementation view . It uses the UML Component diagram to describe system components . UML Diagrams used to represent the development view include the Package diagram .  Logical view : The logical view is concerned with the functionality that the system provides to end-users . UML diagrams used to represent the logical view include , class diagrams , and state diagrams .  Physical view : The physical view depicts the system from a system engineer 's point of view . It is concerned with the topology of software components on the physical layer as well as the physical connections between these components . This view is also known as the deployment view . UML diagrams used to represent the physical view include the deployment diagram .  Process view : The process view deals with the dynamic aspects of the system , explains the system processes and how they communicate , and focuses on the runtime behavior of the system . The process view addresses concurrency , distribution , integrators , performance , and scalability , etc. . UML diagrams to represent process view include the activity diagram .  Scenarios : The description of an architecture is illustrated using a small set of use cases , or scenarios , which become a fifth view . The scenarios describe sequences of interactions between objects and between processes . They are used to identify architectural elements and to illustrate and validate the architecture design . They also serve as a starting point for tests of an architecture prototype . This view is also known as the use case view .   The 4 +1 view model is generic and is not restricted to any notation , tool or design method . Quoting Kruchten ,

neg: An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge , published by Victor Gollancz in 1931 , was an `` omnibus '' volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge .   It was the first such volume to include entirely new material . Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time , including Roger Fry , C. G. Seligman , Maurice Dobb , F. J. C. Hearnshaw , G. D. H. Cole , J. C. Flügel , R. R. Marett , and J. W. N. Sullivan among others , to contribute informative essays written for the common reader .   The publishers explained their reasons for creating such a volume in their spring 1931 list of their latest titles :   `` Because in our view there has been steadily growing , during the last twelve years , a desire to know which has had no parallel since the Renaissance , and which is now felt by relatively a far larger class of men and women than it was then . Under the surface of a vulgarity , a triviality , and a noisiness which ( because they have been the most blatant ) have seemed the most characteristic stigmata of our time , everywhere and in ever-widening circles educated people have been becoming philosophers -- have wished to understand as clearly as they might the meaning of their own life and that of the Universe . ''  The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science , philosophy , religion , sex , mathematics , astronomy , biology , anthropology , cosmogony , psychology , psycho-analysis , archaeology , economics , politics , finance , industry , internationalism , history , ethnology , geography , literary criticism , music , architecture , painting and sculpture .   Category : Encyclopedias of history  Category : English-language encyclopedias  Category :1931 books  Category : British encyclopedias

neg: Summa Technologiae Summa Technologiae ( the title is in Latin , meaning `` Sum of Technology '' in English ) is a 1964 ( 1967 - second edition ) book by Polish author Stanisław Lem . Summa is one of the first collections of philosophical essays by Lem . The book exhibits depth of insight and irony usual for Lem 's creations . The name is an allusion to Summa Theologiae by Thomas Aquinas and to Summa Theologiae by Albertus Magnus .   Paraphrasing the author , the book tries to `` examine the thorns of roses that have not flowered yet '' - in other words , to deal with problems of the remote ( and in some cases , not so remote ) future . The primary question Lem treats in the book is that of civilization in the absence of limitations , both technological and material . He also looks at moral-ethical and philosophical consequences of future technologies .   Despite its age and a number of inaccuracies in specific domains ( e.g. , mathematics , biology , sociology ) , the book has lost no momentum in the past years . Surprising as it can be , some issues discussed in the book sound more contemporary nowadays than 40 years ago . Among the themes that Lem discusses in the book and that were completely in the realm of science fiction then , but are gaining importance today , are virtual reality , nanotechnology , artificial intelligence and technological singularity .   The book was originally published in Polish ; translations into German , Hungarian and Russian appeared by the 1970s , to be followed by Czech later on .  The first full English translation of the book appeared in 2013 , by Joanna Zylinska . Chapter I `` Dilemmas '' and fragments of chapters II `` Two Evolutions '' , IV `` Intellectronics '' and VI `` Pasquil on the Evolution '' had earlier been translated by Frank Prengel .

neg: Robotech (novels) In 1987 , the Robotech animated series was adapted into novel form by authors James Luceno and Brian Daley and published by Del Rey Books . Having previously collaborated on the animated series Galaxy Rangers , the pair 's Robotech novels were released under the unified pseudonym of `` Jack McKinney '' . Using fictitious epigraphs in the style of Dune , McKinney 's novels escaped the limitations inherent in the dubbed cartoon and fleshed out its chronology in greater detail ; most significantly , by adapting the storyline of the aborted sequel project , `` The Sentinels '' . The entire series lasted for twenty-one books , the first fifteen of which were later collected into five three-book omnibus compilations in the early 1990s .   The original twelve novels were written to a tight twelve-month deadline , so that the books could be released one per month . Under this deadline , Daley and Luceno divided the Robotech timeline into twelve segments and worked on different segments simultaneously ( i.e. Daley wrote Book 1 while Luceno wrote Book 2 ) , then traded completed manuscripts for revision and style adjustments . As part of the research project , they watched the TV series many times , and consulted heavily with Carl Macek .   The first two omnibus collections , comprising the entirety of the `` Macross Saga '' , were reissued in 2003 to tie in with the release of the Robotech : Battlecry video game . Then , in 2007 , the next two omnibus collections , covering the remainder of the television series , were re-released as tie-ins to the animated movie , Robotech : The Shadow Chronicles . However , a revision of the Robotech timeline made by Harmony Gold alongside the release of the movie caused some continuity clashes with the McKinney novels , which were relegated to a `` secondary '' position in Robotech canon . To work around this , the Southern Cross and Invid Invasion collections contain new appendices written by Robotech fan Jonathan L. Switzer correcting any newborn mistakes .

neg: Outliner An outliner ( or outline processor ) is a specialized type of word processor used to view , create , build , modify , and maintain outlines . It is a computer program , or part of one , used for displaying , organizing , and editing hierarchically arranged text in an outline 's tree structure . Textual information is contained in discrete sections called `` nodes '' , which are arranged according to their topic-subtopic ( parent-child ) relationships , sort of like the members of a family tree . When loaded into an outliner , an outline may be collapsed or expanded to display as few or as many levels as desired .   Outliners are used for storing and retrieving textual information , with terms , phrases , sentences , or paragraphs attached to a tree . So rather than being arranged by document , information is arranged by topic or content . An outline in an outliner may contain as many topics as desired . This eliminates the need to have separate documents , as outlines easily include other outlines just by adding to the tree .   The main difference between a hand-written outline and a digital one , is that the former is usually limited to a summary or blueprint of a planned document , while the latter may easily include all of the content of the entire document and many more . In other words , as a hand-written work an outline is a writing tool , but on a computer , it is a general purpose format supported by a robust development and display medium capable of handling knowledge from its creation to its end use .   Outliners may be used in content creation instead of general word processors for capturing , organizing , editing , and displaying knowledge or general textual information . Outliners are ideal for managing lists , organizing facts and ideas , and for writing computer programs . They are also used for goal and task management ( including personal information management and project management ) , and for writing books and movie scripts .   The graphical counterpart to outliners are mind mappers .

neg: Impressionism in music Impressionism in music was a movement among various composers in Western classical music , mainly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries , whose music focuses on suggestion and atmosphere , `` conveying the moods and emotions aroused by the subject rather than a detailed tone‐picture '' . `` Impressionism '' is a philosophical and aesthetic term borrowed from late 19th century French painting after Monet 's Impression , Sunrise . Composers were labeled impressionists by analogy to the impressionist painters who use starkly contrasting colors , effect of light on an object blurry foreground and background , flattening perspective to make us focus our attention on the overall impression .   The most prominent in musical impressionism is the use of `` color '' , or in musical term , timbre , which can be achieved through orchestration , harmonic usage , texture , etc. . Other elements of music impressionism also involve new chord combinations , ambiguous tonality , extended harmonies , use of modes and exotic scales , parallel motions , extra-musicality , and evocative titles such as Reflets dans l'eau ( Reflections on the water , 1905 ) , Brouillards ( Mists , 1913 ) etc. .

neg: Utility computing Utility computing , or The Computer Utility , is a service provisioning model in which a service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to the customer as needed , and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate . Like other types of on-demand computing ( such as grid computing ) , the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and/or minimize associated costs . Utility is the packaging of computing resources , such as computation , storage and services , as a metered service . This model has the advantage of a low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources ; instead , computational resources are essentially rented .   This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to `` on demand '' computing , software as a service and cloud computing models that further propagated the idea of computing , application and network as a service .   There was some initial skepticism about such a significant shift . However , the new model of computing caught on and eventually became mainstream .   IBM , HP and Microsoft were early leaders in the new field of utility computing , with their business units and researchers working on the architecture , payment and development challenges of the new computing model . Google , Amazon and others started to take the lead in 2008 , as they established their own utility services for computing , storage and applications .   Utility computing can support grid computing which has the characteristic of very large computations or sudden peaks in demand which are supported via a large number of computers .   `` Utility computing '' has usually envisioned some form of virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger than that of a single time-sharing computer . Multiple servers are used on the `` back end '' to make this possible . These might be a dedicated computer cluster specifically built for the purpose of being rented out , or even an under-utilized supercomputer . The technique of running a single calculation on multiple computers is known as distributed computing .   The term `` grid computing '' is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing , where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domains . To provide utility computing services , a company can `` bundle '' the resources of members of the public for sale , who might be paid with a portion of the revenue from clients .   One model , common among volunteer computing applications , is for a central server to dispense tasks to participating nodes , on the behest of approved end-users ( in the commercial case , the paying customers ) . Another model , sometimes called the Virtual Organization ( VO ) , is more decentralized , with organizations buying and selling computing resources as needed or as they go idle .   The definition of `` utility computing '' is sometimes extended to specialized tasks , such as web services .

neg: Cloud Arch Cloud Arch is a public artwork for George Street , Sydney , that is proposed to be installed in 2017 . The sculpture will be a ribbon of twisted white stainless steel , representing the shape of a cloud , standing 50 to tall . It is intended to `` frame '' the Sydney Town Hall , and be visible from all approach directions as part of the pedestrianisation of the street . A light rail line running up George Street is under construction and would run through the arch . The feet of Cloud Arch will be placed on diagonally opposite corners of one of Sydney 's busiest intersections , George and Park Street ; the sculpture will stand among the Town Hall , the Queen Victoria Building , and The Galeries Victoria .   The sculpture was announced on 29 July 2014 as part of a $ 9 million package of public artworks for Sydney . Cloud Arch is designed by Junya Ishigami , and is expected to cost $ 3.5 million . Announced at the same time were Pavilion by Hany Armanious , a 13 m milk crate to be placed in Belmore Park , and The Distance of Your Heart by Tracey Emin , to consist of 60 bronze bird sculptures perched on poles and above doorways in the northern end of the central business district . Development applications for the sculptures are expected to be lodged by the end of 2015 . If approved , construction will begin on the Armanious and Emin sculptures in October 2016 and on Cloud Arch in 2017 .   Immediate reactions the announcement of the sculpture were broadly supportive , with positive responses from professional critics . Popular reaction was dominated by comparisons of Cloud Arch to everyday objects , and whimsical nicknames for the work , such as `` space noodle '' . The four other artists shortlisted for the George Street sculpture were New Zealander Bill Culbert , Song Dong of China , Australian Mikala Dwyer , and Ugo Rondinone of Switzerland .

neg: Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies is a catalog of peculiar galaxies produced by Halton Arp in 1966 . A total of 338 galaxies are presented in the atlas , which was originally published in 1966 by the California Institute of Technology .   The primary goal of the catalog was to present photographs of examples of the different kinds of peculiar structures found among nearby galaxies . Arp realized that the reason why galaxies formed into spiral or elliptical shapes was not well understood . He perceived peculiar galaxies as small `` experiments '' that astronomers could use to understand the physical processes that distort spiral or elliptical galaxies . With this atlas , astronomers had a sample of peculiar galaxies that they could study in more detail . The atlas does not present a complete overview of every peculiar galaxy in the sky but instead provides examples of the different phenomena as observed in nearby galaxies .   Because little was known at the time of publication about the physical processes that caused the different shapes , the galaxies in the atlas are sorted based on their appearance . Objects 1 -- 101 are individual peculiar spiral galaxies or spiral galaxies that apparently have small companions . Objects 102 -- 145 are elliptical and elliptical-like galaxies . Individual or groups of galaxies with neither elliptical nor spiral shapes are listed as objects 146 -- 268 . Objects 269 -- 327 are double galaxies . Finally , objects that simply do not fit into any of the above categories are listed as objects 332 -- 338 . Most objects are best known by their other designations , but a few galaxies are best known by their Arp numbers ( such as Arp 220 ) .   Today , the physical processes that lead to the peculiarities seen in the Arp atlas are well understood . A large number of the objects are interacting galaxies , including M51 ( Arp 85 ) , Arp 220 , and the Antennae Galaxies ( NGC 4038/NGC 4039 , or Arp 244 ) . A few of the galaxies are simply dwarf galaxies that do not have enough mass to produce enough gravity to allow the galaxies to form any cohesive structure . NGC 1569 ( Arp 210 ) is an example of one of the dwarf galaxies in the atlas . A few other galaxies are radio galaxies . These objects contain active galactic nuclei that produce powerful jets of gas called radio jets . The atlas includes the nearby radio galaxies M87 ( Arp 152 ) and Centaurus A ( Arp 153 ) .

neg: Donna Tracy Donna Tracy is a visual effects artist whose work on numerous feature films over more than 25 years includes Star Wars and Spider-Man . She deflty moved from traditional film , animation and visual effects to the digital production process in an ever-shifting and fickle industry . She applies this deftness to her installation artwork . A fine example is , `` Cloudwoman '' , shown at the old Los Angeles Jail in 1998 . It was a collaborative work with Jael Lehmann and Ann Monn that gave voice to Olive Oatman who became Cloudwoman . Another work of interest is a digital print series she created entitled , `` Virtual Species or Digital Waste '' ( 2005 ) , that was developed out of small discarded and unused scraps of texture patches salvaged from the digital dustbins of the digital film making process . This discarded digital trash is called `` digitritus , '' ( digital ditritus ) . She likens it to peeling paint or bark that inspires you to create something else out of it . She has presented , written and published about copyright issues in regards to this work . Her masters in art studies were at the California Institute of the Arts in the Art Program . An animated work , `` Nichelodeon : A Peep Show '' , was recently projected ( 2006 ) at the MOMA exhibition TOMORROWLAND : CalArts in Moving Pictures ( former Cal Arts students work . )   In 2001 , she resigned from her position at Sony Pictures , to teach at Chaffey College . She has moved on from there to start OmniCosm Studios with Adolf Schaller . They recently completed a commission for the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles - a series of new planet landscapes , Mercury , Venus , Mars and Pluto , for the Deep Space Exhibit . Currently , she is in development with Adolf Schaller and Michael Ferriter ( Pure Light Images ) on the creation of a 3D film series for multi-venue theater productions based on astronomical phenomena . Their first two productions are , `` Journey to a Black Hole 3D '' and `` Star Blast 3D : A Supernova Experience '' .

neg: Lia (artist) Lia is an Austrian software artist . Born in Graz , she is actually based in Vienna . Her work includes the early Net Art sites re-move . org and turux.at . In 2003 she co-curated the Abstraction Now exhibition ( Internet Projects and Medialounge ) at the Künstlerhaus Wien in Vienna , Austria . In 2003 Lia received an Award of Distinction in the Net Vision/Net Excellence Category for re-move . org .   In the 1990s and early 2000s , she and her collaborator at Turux employed software normally used for multimedia CD-ROMs and Web page enhancements , notably Macromedia Director , to create animated abstract images , which `` demonstrates the raw visual horsepower of these tools when they 're not yoked to some mundane purpose . '' Her early work has been highlighted in histories of computer and digital art , particularly for its use of novel forms of interactivity .   Lia subsequently developed and released interactive generative art pieces as iOS apps , and has discussed the ways in which her construction of digital art has evolved with changes in screen resolution . She has extensively used the programming language Processing , which is designed for visual design and software art .   Within Lia 's latest works `` Filament Sculptures '' ( 2014 ) is a series of 3d printed objects exploring 3d printing processes beyond the creation of simple 3d models . Lia investigates how it is possible to play with the amount of filament extruded , speed and the position of the printhead and how these parameters affect the final result . She created a processing application that allowed her to manipulate the parameters above and to create different types of filament sculptures .   She is one of the founding members of Crónica , a `` media-label '' publishing and distribution project for electronic art and cultural artifacts .

neg: Archigram __ NOTOC __  Archigram was an avant-garde architectural group formed in the 1960s - based at the Architectural Association , London - that was neofuturistic , anti-heroic and pro-consumerist , drawing inspiration from technology in order to create a new reality that was solely expressed through hypothetical projects . The main members of the group were Peter Cook , Warren Chalk , Ron Herron , Dennis Crompton , Michael Webb and David Greene . Designer Theo Crosby was the `` hidden hand '' behind the group . He gave them coverage in Architectural Design magazine ( where he was an editor from 1953 -- 62 ) , brought them to the attention of the Institute of Contemporary Arts ( ICA ) in London , where , in 1963 , they mounted an exhibition called Living Cities , and in 1964 brought them into the Taylor Woodrow Design Group , which he headed , to take on experimental projects . The pamphlet Archigram I was printed in 1961 to proclaim their ideas . Committed to a ` high tech ' , light weight , infra-structural approach that was focused towards survival technology , the group experimented with modular technology , mobility through the environment , space capsules and mass-consumer imagery . Their works offered a seductive vision of a glamorous future machine age ; however , social and environmental issues were left unaddressed .   Archigram agitated to prevent modernism from becoming a sterile and safe orthodoxy by its adherents . Unlike ephemeralisation from Buckminster Fuller which assumes more must be done with less material ( because material is finite ) , Archigram relies on a future of interminable resources .   The works of Archigram had a neofuturistic slant being influenced by Antonio Sant ` Elia 's works . Buckminster Fuller and Yona Friedman were also important sources of inspiration . The works of Archigram served as a source of inspiration for later works such as the High tech ` Pompidou centre ' 1971 by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano , early Norman Foster works , Gianfranco Franchini and Future Systems . By the early 1970s the strategy of the group had changed . In 1973 Theo Crosby wrote that its members had `` found their original impulses towards megastructures blunted by the changing intellectual climate in England , where the brash dreams of modern architects are received with ever-increasing horror . They are now more concerned with the infiltration of technology into the environment at a much less obvious level '' .   The group was financially supported by mainstream architects , such as David Rock of BDP . Rock later nominated Archigram for the RIBA Royal Gold Medal which they received in 2002 .   Sixpack France dedicated their Summer Spring 2009 Collection to this movement .

neg: View model A view model or viewpoints framework in systems engineering , software engineering , and enterprise engineering is a framework which defines a coherent set of views to be used in the construction of a system architecture , software architecture , or enterprise architecture . A view is a representation of a whole system from the perspective of a related set of concerns .   Since the early 1990s there have been a number of efforts to prescribe approaches for describing and analyzing system architectures . These recent efforts define a set of views ( or viewpoints ) . They are sometimes referred to as architecture frameworks or enterprise architecture frameworks , but are not usually called `` view models '' .   Usually a view is a work product that presents specific architecture data for a given system . However , the same term is sometimes used to refer to a view definition , including the particular viewpoint and the corresponding guidance that defines each concrete view . The term view model is related to view definitions .


query: Thirteen is based on Nikki Reed's death at age 12 and 13.

pos: Thirteen (2003 film) Thirteen is a 2003 American semi-autobiographical drama film , directed by Catherine Hardwicke , and written by Hardwicke and Nikki Reed , based on events from Reed 's life at age 12 and 13 . It stars Evan Rachel Wood , with Wood 's character `` Tracy '' being loosely based upon Reed . Nikki Reed herself co-stars in the role of Evie Zamora . The script was written in six days .   The film caused controversy upon its release , because it dealt with topics like drugs such as inhalants , marijuana , and alcohol , underage sexual behavior , and self-harm . The film earned Holly Hunter an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and Golden Globe nominations for Hunter and Evan Rachel Wood for Best Supporting Actress and Best Actress in a Drama , respectively .

neg: American Idol (season 13) The thirteenth season of American Idol , styled as American Idol XIII , premiered on the Fox television network on January 15 , 2014 . Ryan Seacrest returned as host for his thirteenth season . Keith Urban was the only judge from the twelfth season to return . Former judge Jennifer Lopez , who returned after one season absence , and Harry Connick , Jr. joined the judging panel following the departures of Mariah Carey , Nicki Minaj and Randy Jackson .   On May 21 , Caleb Johnson was announced the winner of the season , with Jena Irene as runner-up .

neg: South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park .   The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date .   The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates .   The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .

neg: Jimmy Ryce Samuel James `` Jimmy '' Ryce ( September 26 , 1985 -- September 11 , 1995 ) was a child who was abducted , raped and killed by Juan Carlos Chavez in Redland , Florida , United States . On Wednesday , February 12 , 2014 , Chavez was executed at Florida State Prison in North Florida .

neg: Agent 13: The Midnight Avenger Agent 13 : The Midnight Avenger was the name of a novel series based on Top Secret/S . I. setting published by TSR , Inc. from 1986 to 1988 . There were three stories in the series , following the actions of the protagonist referred to in the novels only as Agent 13 , or simply , The Agent . It was written by Flint Dille and David Marconi .   There is also a source book based on the characters and settings in the series . ( Agent 13 Novels )   The background of the series was set in the late 1930s , reminiscent of the popular pulps of the era . Graphic novel editions of the series were also published subsequently .

neg: Jamie Pastor Bolnick Jamie Pastor Bolnick is an American writer , journalist , and photographer .   Bolnick was born in Huntington , Long Island , New York . She attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City and began acting professionally while still a teenager . After the arrival of her children , Britt and Piers , she worked as a journalist and photographer .   Her work has appeared in magazines and newspapers , including Redbook , Interview Magazine , New York Newsday , and The New York Daily News . She is the author of two non-fiction books and is working on a third .   Jamie 's two nonfiction works are both based on the lives of women who struggled with serious issues -- mental retardation and drug abuse -- and triumphed over them . Both are written as first-person narratives in the voice of the subject , and both were the product of intimate interaction with the women whose stories are told in these works .   The first , Winnie : `` My Life in the Institution '' -- A Memoir of a Special Woman , published in 1985 , is based on Winnie 's short written account of her life , supplemented by the transcripts of hundreds of hours of taped interview .   In 1988 -- with support from Bette Midler -- Winnie was made into an NBC-TV Movie of the Week starring Meredith Baxter Birney and David Morse .   A new edition of Winnie , revised and expanded , is in preparation , and was released in 2010 .   The second , Living at the Edge of the World , published in 2000 , is the true account of a homeless girl ( Tina ) who lived for four years in the tunnels of Grand Central Station . Tina becomes addicted to crack , is brutalized , and serves several jail terms for assault and robbery . After the suicide of her beloved friend , April , Tina fights her way back to the world of the living .   Living at the Edge of the World has been translated into Norwegian , Japanese , and Chinese , and was excerpted in Interview Magazine and The New York Daily News .   Jamie 's current project is a book about the two Port Authority policemen who were the last to be rescued alive from the ruins of the World Trade Center on 9/11 , told from their perspectives . The book 's working title is ` Recovery ' .

neg: Thirteen Ghosts Thirteen Ghosts ( also known as 13 Ghosts and stylized as THIR13EN Ghosts ) is a 2001 Canadian-American supernatural horror film directed by Steve Beck . It is a remake of the 1960 film 13 Ghosts by William Castle . It follows the remake of another one of Castle 's films , House on Haunted Hill , and was shot entirely around Lower Mainland , British Columbia .

neg: Rocco Reed Rocco Reed ( born July 26 , 1982 ) is an American former pornographic actor .

neg: Karmein Chan Karmein Chan was a 13-year-old Australian girl who was abducted from her home at night in the Melbourne suburb of Templestowe on 13 April 1991 and was subsequently murdered .   Karmein was at home babysitting her two younger sisters while both her parents worked at their Chinese restaurant in the nearby suburb of Eltham . Karmein and her sisters were confronted by a man in a balaclava with a knife . He forced Karmein 's sisters into a wardrobe before fleeing with Karmein . Before leaving , he spray painted `` Pay up Asian Drug Dealer , More and More to Come '' on a vehicle in their front yard . Police suspect this was a ruse to distract them from the killer 's real motive . Karmein 's mother made an emotional plea on television for Karmein 's return .   There had been several abductions of girls in Melbourne prior to the abduction of Karmein by an offender known in the media as Mr Cruel . Victoria Police had started scaling down Operation Challenge the day before Karmein 's abduction that had been established to investigate two abductions in which the victim was raped and an earlier home invasion also involving rape . Detectives believed that Karmein would be released the same as previous girls abducted .   On 6 May 1991 , 23 days after Karmein 's abduction , Victoria Police formed the Spectrum Taskforce to investigate Karmein 's abduction and to continue Operation Challenge investigations . A reward of $ 100,000 was offered for information on her abduction .   On 9 April 1992 , Karmein 's remains were found nearly a year later in a landfill area at Edgars Creek in the suburb of Thomastown . The skull had three bullet holes in the back of the head . The body had probably been there for 12 months . On 31 January 1994 , the Spectrum Taskforce was disbanded , despite their best efforts the offender was never brought to justice .   An inquest was held in 1997 with the Coroner finding that she met her death through foul play but it was not possible to identify the person or people responsible .   The case has remained open with cold case detectives regularly reviewing the investigation .   On the 25th anniversary of her abduction the reward was increased from $ 100,000 to $ 1,000,000 .

neg: Henry Reed (character) Henry Reed is the main character and narrator of a series of five children 's novels by Keith Robertson . The first four novels were illustrated by Robert McCloskey but he declined to handle the last one because production of the fourth disappointed him deeply . It was published in 1986 without any illustrations but the dustjacket by Gail Owens .   Four of the five novels share a similar premise : Henry , the son of an American diplomat , lives abroad with his parents . He spends summer vacation with his aunt and uncle in the small town of Grover 's Corner , New Jersey , in the same house where his mother grew up . ( Uncle Al is Henry 's mother 's brother . ) Henry is a serious , entrepreneurial boy , and most of the books concern his efforts to earn money by starting some kind of business . All of the novels are told as a series of Henry 's journal entries recounting his day-by-day adventures throughout the summer .   Margaret `` Midge '' Glass , a year younger than Henry , is the only person in the neighborhood close to his age . She becomes his friend and business partner throughout the series . Midge is somewhat tomboyish and more spontaneous and free-spirited than Henry , which he sometimes finds annoying . Their relationship sometimes resembles a screwball comedy minus the romance .   In all of the books , events spiral out of control , leading to chaotic and humorous misadventures . Henry and Midge are usually the unintentional cause of these adventures , although they 're not deliberately mischievous .

neg: No One Would Tell No One Would Tell is a 1996 American teen crime drama television film directed by Noel Nosseck from an original script by Steven Loring . It is based on the true story of Jamie Fuller , a 16-year-old high school student who murdered his 14-year-old girlfriend , Amy Carnevale , on August 23 , 1991 , in Beverly , Massachusetts .   The film received mixed reviews from critics , but Candace Cameron and Heather McComb were praised for their acting performances .

neg: Nikki (Forever the Sickest Kids song) `` Nikki '' is a song recorded by American pop punk band Forever the Sickest Kids from their third studio album , J.A.C.K. . It was written by Jonathan Cook , Austin Bello , Caleb Turman , Kyle Burns , Mike Green , Patrick Stump , and Neal Avron . Although it was never officially released as a single , it was advertised by the band on their website and Twitter account as the album 's third single .

neg: Suicide (game) Suicide ( sometimes abbreviated to `` suey '' ) , or otherwise referred to as `` elimination '' , is a game typically played by children and teenagers . The rules vary widely from place to place ; those given below are not necessarily a `` standard '' form of the rules .

neg: Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children .   More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .

neg: Natina Reed Natina Tiawana Reed ( October 28 , 1980 -- October 26 , 2012 ) was an American rapper , singer-songwriter , dancer , actress , beatboxer and a member of the R&B trio Blaque . On most of Blaque 's songs , Reed is featured as a rapper or ad-libber . Reed was a protégée of late rapper Lisa Lopes .   Reed contributed her own raps to many of Blaque 's singles , including `` 808 '' , `` Ca n't Get It Back '' and `` Bring It All to Me '' .

neg: Thompson v. Oklahoma Thompson v. Oklahoma , 487 U.S. 815 ( 1988 ) , was the first case since the moratorium on capital punishment was lifted in the United States in which the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the death sentence of a minor on grounds of `` cruel and unusual punishment . ''   The holding in Thompson was expanded on by Roper v. Simmons ( 2005 ) , where the Supreme Court extended the `` evolving standards '' rationale to those under 18 years old .

neg: Thirteenth stroke of the clock Thirteenth stroke of the clock or `` thirteen strikes of the clock '' is a phrase , saying , and proverb to indicate that the previous events or `` strokes to the clock '' must be called into question . This is illustrated in the fictional case of `` Rex vs Haddock '' in which a remark by one of the parties is compared to the thirteenth stroke of a clock : not only is this thirteenth strike itself discredited , but it casts a shade of doubt over all previous assertions . This proverb puts forth the notion that if just one of someone 's proclamations is wrong , or something of a process is wrong , then the correctness and accuracy of all the previous items is called into question . In a legal case it brings forth the notion that perhaps none of the party 's claims are valid , given that one of them is obviously wrong .   A physicist and mathematician notes the problem with his variation on the same general idea . He points out that if a clock strikes the thirteenth hour then it has counted wrongly and reflects on the other twelve hours of the clock 's strokes as then they could also be wrong .   Within the 24-hour clock system used for official and technical purposes throughout most of the world , there is a time that could be called `` 13 o'clock '' . However , the 24-hour system only came into widespread use in the 20th century , and most analogue clocks ( including virtually all chiming or striking clocks ) still work on the 12-hour system . A striking clock rings a bell once for each hour of the time . One ring is 1 o'clock , two rings is 2 o'clock , three rings is 3 o'clock , four rings is 4 o'clock , etc. . Traditional clocks that strike a bell only mark 12 hours . After the twelfth hour with the twelve rings of the bell then the next hour should be with one ring only , indicating 1 o'clock . Accordingly , with very rare exceptions , when a clock rings thirteen times it is indicating an impossible time and that the clock is not functioning correctly . A children 's riddle asks `` What time is it when the clock strikes thirteen ? '' The answer is `` Time to get a new clock ! ''

neg: Roman Polanski sexual abuse case In March 1977 , film director Roman Polanski was arrested and charged in Los Angeles with five offenses against Samantha Gailey , a 13-year-old girl -- rape by use of drugs , perversion , sodomy , lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14 , and furnishing a controlled substance to a minor . At his arraignment Polanski pleaded not guilty to all charges , but later accepted a plea bargain whose terms included dismissal of the five initial charges in exchange for a guilty plea to the lesser charge of engaging in unlawful sexual intercourse .   Polanski underwent a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation , and a report was submitted to the court recommending probation . However , upon learning that he was likely to face imprisonment and deportation , Polanski fled to France in February 1978 , hours before he was to be formally sentenced . Since then Polanski has mostly lived in France and has avoided visiting countries likely to extradite him to the United States .

neg: Mistaken Identity: Two Families, One Survivor, Unwavering Hope Mistaken Identity : Two Families , One Survivor , Unwavering Hope is a best-selling non-fiction book describing an incident in which the identities of two young female casualties were confused after a vehicle crash . It was published by Howard Books on March 25 , 2008 . The book lists its authors as Don and Susie van Ryn ; Newell , Colleen and Whitney Cerak ; and Mark Tabb ; the former the parents of Laura van Ryn ( the woman believed to have survived the crash but actually deceased ) and the latter the parents of Whitney Cerak , initially declared deceased in the crash but later found to have survived . Mark Tabb is a former pastor whom The New York Times described as `` the go-to guy when a collaborator is needed on books with spiritual themes . ''   Both the identity mix-up and the book 's release received worldwide media attention : was the subject of a two-hour episode of Dateline NBC , a program of The Oprah Winfrey Show , and a segment featured on The Today Show . The book was ranked 1st place for two weeks on the adult non-fiction New York Times Best Seller list in 2008 . The incident prompted the states of Michigan and Indiana to pursue legislation concerning stricter guidelines in the process of identification of bodies by coroners .   On April 26 , 2006 , a Taylor University van carrying nine students and staff members collided with a tractor-trailer being driven by Robert F. Spencer on Interstate 69 in Indiana . Five people riding in the van died at the crash scene : Elizabeth Smith , Laurel Erb , Bradley Larson , and Monica Felver , and a young blonde woman the coroner identified as Whitney Cerak . A similar looking woman who survived but was unable to communicate was identified as Laura van Ryn . For several weeks , the van Ryn family kept a bedside vigil over the patient they believed to be their daughter . However , into five weeks of hospitalization the identity of the surviving woman began to be questioned . She was found to be Whitney Cerak , not Laura van Ryn .   Some physical similarities existed between the two women but the severity of the injuries , which included severe head trauma and the immediate inability to communicate led local government officials to mis-identify the casualties , the hospital to carry through with the unfortunate action and caused both families to respond in a manner appropriate to the situation of each casualty : Cerak was taken care of by the van Ryn family in the belief that she was their daughter . Meanwhile , Laura was interred in a marked grave at a funeral with 1400 people in attendance . Five weeks passed before incidents arose that caused suspicion about identity : she made comments about things and people that were inconsistent with facts pertaining to Laura ; and a university roommate also reported some physical discrepancies . `` Laura '' confirmed that it was ` Whitney Cerak ' that had survived when asked by hospital staff to write down the patient 's name , which was then confirmed by dental records . The tragic mix-up appeared to have been caused by the similarities of appearance of Cerak and van Ryn , and the confusion at the crash scene . Neither family spoke publicly about the incident for nearly two years .   During the Dateline interview , it was noted that the van Ryn family suspected for several days something was amiss with the patient before the concerns were shared with the hospital staff : the van Ryn family noticed the patient 's teeth ; navel piercing ( which van Ryn did not have ) ; the patient called herself Whitney ( not Laura ) when she emerged from the coma ; the patient accused `` her '' parents of being `` false parents '' ; and the patient told `` her '' sister their parent 's names were Newell and Colleen . The van Ryns said that their duplicity in sustaining the misidentification for a month was reinforced by reassurance by the hospital staff of the patient 's identity and the distress of the situation .

neg: Now Is Good Now Is Good is a 2012 British teen drama film directed by Ol Parker . Based on the 2007 novel Before I Die by Jenny Downham , it was adapted by Parker who had recently written the screenplay for The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel . The film , which stars Dakota Fanning , Jeremy Irvine and Paddy Considine , centres on Tessa , a girl who is dying of leukaemia and tries to enjoy her remaining life as much as she possibly can .   The first trailer for the film was released on 5 March 2012 .

neg: Dallas (1978 TV series) (season 13) The thirteenth season of the television series Dallas aired on during the 1989-1990 TV season .