query: Saratoga includes Clark Gable.

pos: Saratoga (film) Saratoga is a 1937 American romantic comedy film written by Anita Loos and directed by Jack Conway . The film stars Clark Gable and Jean Harlow in their sixth and final film collaboration , and features Lionel Barrymore , Frank Morgan , Walter Pidgeon , Hattie McDaniel , and Margaret Hamilton .   Jean Harlow died before filming was finished , and it was completed using stand-ins . Saratoga was MGM 's biggest moneymaker of 1937 .

neg: Clark House (Poughkeepsie, New York) Clark House is a historic home located at Poughkeepsie , Dutchess County , New York . It was built about 1919 and is a - story , three-bay-wide concrete block Bungalow style dwelling with a gable roof and wide dormer . It features a porch with Doric order columns , massive deep eaves , and half-timbering .   It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 .

neg: Saratoga Springs City School District The Saratoga Springs City School District is the public school district of Saratoga Springs , New York . The district is an independent public entity . It is governed by the Saratoga Springs City School District Board of Education , whose members are elected in non-partisan elections for staggered , three-year terms . The board selects a superintendent , who is the district 's chief administrative official . The district 's offices are located in the former Junior High building on 3 Blue Streak Boulevard , next to the high school .   The district has six elementary schools , one middle school , and one comprehensive high school serving about 6,400 students . As of 2015 , it spends an average of $ 16,161 per pupil and has a student to teacher ratio of 14.3 ( the national averages are $ 12,435 and 15.3 respectively ) .   The district serves students from the city of Saratoga Springs and the Saratoga County towns of Milton , Wilton , Malta , Greenfield and Saratoga .

neg: Jonathan Hampton Jonathan Hampton ( 1712 - 1 November 1777 ) was an American colonial surveyor , merchant , and militia officer involved with New Jersey 's frontier fortifications and defenses along the Delaware River during the French and Indian War ( 1755-1763 ) .   In 1755 , the Royal Governor Jonathan Belcher and the colonial legislature authorized the construction of stone blockhouse fortifications along the colony 's Delaware River frontier to thwart violent incursions by disaffected Native Americans and their French allies as hostilities led to the French and Indian War . These incursions and other hostilities were a continuation of a European conflict between France and England called the Seven Years ' War . The act authorizing these fortifications also appointed Jonathan Hampton as the victualler and paymaster of a military unit , the New Jersey Frontier Guard , to man these forts . To supply these troops , Hampton built the Military Road linking the provincial capital at Elizabethtown ( now Elizabeth ) with Morristown and the Delaware River valley ( then called the Minisink ) in 1756-1757 . This road followed Native American trails and became the route of subsequent roads , including the Union Turnpike , and present-day New Jersey Route 10 , U.S. Route 206 , and County Route 510 . The Military Road 's western terminus ends at the Old Mine Road , an old road following the Delaware and Neversink River valleys between Esopus ( now Kingston ) in Ulster County , New York , and the Delaware Water Gap . Hampton established a large headquarters fort , Fort Johns , on the hillside overlooking the `` Shapanack Flats '' section of the Delaware valley near the Van Campen 's Inn in Walpack Township .   Hampton owned many large tracts of land in Sussex County 's Paulins Kill valley . Shortly after the creation of the county , Hampton offered several acres from these tracts to the county for the building of a courthouse ( built 1762-1765 ) and a public green . Nearby , he offered tracts for a proposed school , and to the Anglican church for a church and parsonage for the local rector .   Hampton was a freemason , and a Bible donated in 1770 to Saint John 's Lodge No. 1 , Ancient York Masons in New York City was later used in the inauguration of George Washington , and later in the inaugurations of Warren G. Harding , Dwight D. Eisenhower , Jimmy Carter , and George H. W. Bush . Hampton 's name and its dedication is inscribed on the front page of the Bible .   Hampton died 1 November 1777 in Elizabethtown , New Jersey allegedly while celebrating news of the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga two weeks earlier .   The Sussex County municipality of Hampton Township was named in his honor .

neg: Love on the Run Love on the Run may refer to :   Love on the Run ( 1936 film ) , starring Clark Gable and Joan Crawford  Love on the Run ( 1979 film ) , a French film directed by François Truffaut  Love on the Run ( 1985 film ) , a 1985 made-for-television film starring Alec Baldwin  Love on the Run ( 2015 film )  `` Love on the Run '' ( song ) , a 2003 song by Chicane  `` Love on the Run '' , a song by Scorpions , from the 1988 album , Savage Amusement  `` Love on the Run '' , an episode of the television comedy Diff ` rent Strokes  `` Love on the Run '' , an episode of the television comedy Major Dad

neg: H. S. Kraft Hyman Solomon Kraft ( April 30 , 1899 -- July 29 , 1975 ) , aka Hy Kraft or H.S. Kraft , was an American screenwriter , playwright , and theatrical producer .   Among the notable comedy plays that he wrote were Ten Per Cent ( 1932 ) , Poppa ( 1929 ) , Cafe Crown ( 1942 ) , and Top Banana ( 1952 ) . In 1964 Cafe Crown was revised as a Broadway musical produced by Philip Rose and Swanlee with music by Albert Hague and lyrics by Marty Brill . The musical plot is set in the early 1930s in and around the Cafe Crown at the corner of Second Avenue and 12th Street in New York City . It had one Broadway revival in 1989 .   Hy Kraft 's 1954 musical play Top Banana was filmed for the screen and released as a movie in 1954 , starring Phil Silvers as a television comic trying to regain his ratings on TV . Feeling the show was a personal swipe at him , Milton Berle wrote of it , `` The only public attack I got any pleasure from was the one dreamed up by Hy Kraft and Johnny Mercer , and starring Phil Silvers . It was a big Broadway musical called Top Banana , in which Phil played an egomaniac named Jerry Biffle who had a top-rated television show and who directed his rehearsals with a whistle . It was a vicious and funny swipe at me , and I loved it so much , I offered to sue Hy Kraft for the publicity value . Anything to help . After all , I had put some money into the show . ''   In 1950 Hy Kraft was made part of the Hollywood blacklist by the House Committee on Un-American Activities , after remarks by Artie Shaw . His screenwriting credits include Stormy Weather ( 1943 ) with Lena Horne and short story credit for Smartest Girl In Town ( 1936 ) and Champaign Waltz ( 1937 ) , in the latter case collaborating with Billy Wilder . He also contributed writing ( uncredited ) to Mark of the Vampire ( 1935 ) with Lionel Barrymore and Bela Lugosi .   He wrote an autobiography , On My Way to the Theater , Macmillan , 1971 . The jacket reads , `` A lifetime 's stroll from New York 's Lower East Side to Broadway , with side trips to Hollywood , London , and Washington , D.C. , and singular associations with Victor Herbert , Theodore Dreiser , Sinclair Lewis , and the House Un-American Activities Committee . ''   In 1968 , he signed the `` Writers and Editors War Tax Protest '' pledge , vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War .

neg: Stanley Theater (Utica, New York) The Stanley Theatre is a historic Baroque movie palace in Utica , New York . Over the years , it has gone through several changes of ownership , but has always been affiliated with Warner Brothers Pictures .   Originally owned by the Stanley-Mark Strand Corporation chain , the Stanley Theatre ( and entire movie theatre chain ) was purchased three days before opening by Warner Brothers . The company was eager to showcase its products on as many screens as possible . The theatre opened on September 10 , 1928 , with the silent movie Ramona starring Dolores del Río .   Thomas W. Lamb , a prolific theatre architect , designed the 2,963 seat cinema for the Mastbaum chain of theatres . The theatre was named for Stanley , one of the Mastbaum brothers . While Lamb and his firm designed over 300 theatres worldwide , he is considered to be somewhat of a local , having owned a camp in the Adirondacks . ( His great grandson lives in the Albany area today . )   The Stanley was built in less than 13 months on the expanding southern edge of downtown , some four blocks away from Utica 's theatre district . Unfortunately , all the theatres located there were razed during the Urban Renewal era of the 1960s and 70s . The Stanley remained open through all of this , though it suffered many years of benign neglect . In 1974 , when the threat of destruction became very real , the Central New York Community Arts Council ( renamed Stanley Center for the Arts in 2008 ) spearheaded a campaign to acquire the property , which it did for $ 135,000 .   The design motif of the Stanley Theatre is dubbed `` Mexican Baroque '' because of its unique blend of styles . The terra cotta and tiled mosaic exterior shows the Mexican influence , while Habsburg lions , Indian faces , and a multitude of angels and cherubs grace the lavish gold leaf Baroque theatre interior . Moorish influence is also evident in the star-splashed ceiling and twisted columns flanking the stage . Legend has it that the grand entry staircase was designed to resemble the main staircase on the Titanic ocean liner .   While the Stanley Theatre continued to be primarily a movie house , it introduced live events early in its history . Today it is host to the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Great Artists Series ( over 75 years ) ; Broadway Theatre League ( 50 years ) ; Utica Symphony ( over 60 years ) ; and the Mohawk Valley Ballet ( over 25 years ) .   Notable early performers included legendary singers Marian Anderson , Ezio Pinza , Lily Pons , Jeanette MacDonald , and Gene Autry . Later illustrious entertainers included Chuck Mangione , Conway Twitty , Third Eye Blind , Diana Ross , Barry Manilow , and Harry Connick Jr. . The Stanley was also host to multiple appearances by Jerry Seinfeld , Wynton Marsalis , George Carlin , Itzhak Perlman , Bob Weir & RatDog ! , and B.B. King . More recent performances include Aretha Franklin and legendary songwriter Burt Bacharach . The Broadway Theatre League brought in National Touring productions of Cats ( musical ) , Annie , Evita , Sweeney Todd , and Barnum .   The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 . It is significant for its relationship to the early movie industry and its distinctive architecture .

neg: Cliff Henderson Clifford `` Cliff '' Henderson ( 1895-1984 ) was the managing director of the National Air Races from 1928 through 1939 . Described as `` the Barnum of aviation , '' he obtained sponsors for two of the most well-known air races of the period , the Bendix transcontinental and the Thompson closed-course classics . The Thompson Trophy was first awarded in 1929 . The 1929 National Air Races included the first official women-only event , the Women 's Air Derby , a cross-country race from Los Angeles to Cleveland , Ohio . In 1931 , he convinced businessman Vincent Bendix to sponsor the Bendix Trophy Race , a transcontinental speed dash open to men and women . Henderson was awarded the L'Ordre de ` Etoile Noire de Benin for his service in World War II as the U.S. Air Force Military Commissioner of Dakar .   With his brother Phillip , Henderson built the Pan-Pacific Auditorium in 1935 . The landmark Streamline Moderne convention center , designed by Los Angeles architects Wurdeman & Becket , was the region 's primary indoor venue with 100,000 square feet of exhibition space and seating for up to 6,000 . It closed after the 1972 opening of the much larger Los Angeles Convention Center .   Henderson and his brother Randall founded Palm Desert , California in the 1940s , envisioning a modern utopia growing from the scrub . He built the Shadow Mountain Club in 1948 . With its glamorous figure-eight swimming pool and high-dive competitions , the club drew celebrities , presidents , and future residents .   The National Aeronautic Association presents an annual Cliff Henderson Award for Achievement . The award is given to a living individual or group whose vision , leadership , or skill has made a significant and lasting contribution to the promotion and advancement of aviation or space activity . Notable recipients of the Cliff Henderson Trophy include Wesley L. McDonald , Walter J. Boyne , Thomas H. Miller , and Eugene Peyton Deatrick . Henderson was a member of the Quiet Birdmen , a male-only aviators ' social club .   Henderson was married to actress Marian Marsh . He died on March 26 , 1984 in Rancho Mirage near Palm Desert .

neg: 26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 .   The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name .   All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year .   William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .

neg: Screenland Screenland was a monthly U.S. magazine about movies , published between September 1920 and June 1971 , when it merged with Silver Screen . In the September 1952 issue , the name changed to Screenland plus TV-Land .   In was established in Los Angeles , California , with Myron Zobel as the editor in 1922 . Frederick James Smith became the editor in 1923 when it moved to Cooperstown , New York . One magazine-collector site credits , without attribution , one Paul Hunter , `` with rescuing Screenland magazine for John Cuneo back in 1932 . ''   In October 1952 , Ned Pines ' Standard Magazines , an imprint of Pines Publications , purchased Silver Screen and Screenland from the Henry Publishing company . Pines announced in June 1954 that he was suspending publication with the August 1954 issue , citing production and distribution costs . The magazine continued publication through 1971 , however .   In 1923 the magazine reported a love affair between Evelyn Brent and Douglas Fairbanks , resulting in legal threats , and a retraction .

neg: No Man of Her Own (1932 film) No Man of Her Own is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama starring Clark Gable and Carole Lombard as a married couple in their only film together , several years before their own legendary marriage in real life . The movie was directed by Wesley Ruggles , and originated as an adaptation of No Bed of Her Own , a 1932 novel by Val Lewton , but ended up based more on a story by Benjamin Glazer and Edmund Goulding , although it retained the title it got from Lewton 's novel . It is not related to the 1950 film of the same name .   Released just three years after the stock market crash of 1929 , the plot focuses on the character `` Babe '' Stewart ( played by Gable ) , a card sharp and gambling cheat , and `` Connie Randall '' , a street-wise librarian with whom he develops a relationship . Prevalent themes thoughout the story include crime , gambling , dishonesty , love , commitment and redemption .

neg: Ralph Richardson Sir Ralph David Richardson ( 19 December 1902 -- 10 October 1983 ) was an English actor who , along with his contemporaries John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier , dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century . He worked in films throughout most of his career , and played more than sixty cinema roles . From an artistic but not theatrical background , Richardson had had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor . He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre . In 1931 he joined the Old Vic , playing mostly Shakespearean roles . He led the company the following season , succeeding Gielgud , who had taught him much about stage technique . After he left the company , a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway .   In the 1940s , together with Olivier and John Burrell , Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company . There , his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff . He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946 , before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic , leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947 . In the 1950s , in the West End and occasionally on tour , Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress , Home at Seven , and Three Sisters . He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty . He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall 's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud . He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics , preferring character parts in old and new plays .   Richardson 's film career began as an extra in 1931 . He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come ( 1936 ) , The Fallen Idol ( 1948 ) , Long Day 's Journey into Night ( 1962 ) and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . He received nominations and awards in the UK , Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death . Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , first for The Heiress ( 1949 ) and again ( posthumously ) for his final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes ( 1984 ) .   Throughout his career , and increasingly in later years , Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage . He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world , and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical .

neg: Melville Shavelson Melville Shavelson ( April 1 , 1917 -- August 8 , 2007 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and author . He was President of the Writers Guild of America , West ( WGAw ) from 1969 to 1971 , 1979 to 1981 , and 1985 to 1987 . He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope 's joke writers , a job he held for the next five years . He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate ( 1944 ) , Where There 's Life ( 1947 ) , The Great Lover ( 1949 ) , and Sorrowful Jones ( 1949 ) , which also starred Lucille Ball . Shavelson also worked as a writer on Hope 's radio show , The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope .   Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay -- first for 1955 's The Seven Little Foys , starring Hope in a rare dramatic role , and then for 1958 's Houseboat . He shared both nominations with Jack Rose . He also directed both films .   Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James ( 1957 ) , The Five Pennies ( 1959 ) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award , It Started in Naples ( 1960 ) , On the Double ( 1961 ) , The Pigeon That Took Rome ( 1962 ) , A New Kind of Love ( 1963 ) , Cast a Giant Shadow ( 1966 ) , and Yours , Mine and Ours ( 1968 ) , which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball . Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows .   He also wrote , produced and co-directed the six-hour ABC screenplay to the 1979 television miniseries Ike , based on the World War II exploits of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower . It featured an all star cast including Robert Duvall and Lee Remick .   Shavelson 's autobiography , published by BearManor Media in April 2007 , is entitled How to Succeed in Hollywood Without Really Trying , P.S. - You Ca n't ! Shavelson wrote several other books , including , with Mr. Hope , `` Do n't Shoot , It 's Only Me : Bob Hope 's Comedy History of the United States '' ( Putnam , 1990 ) , and How to Make a Jewish Movie ( 1971 ) , a memoir of his experiences while producing and directing Cast a Giant Shadow , and the Hollywood-themed novel Lualda ( 1973 ) .   Shavelson was a noted instructor at USC 's Master of Professional Writing Program from 1998-2006 . He taught screenwriting , who often cracked to his students , `` I 'm a writer by choice , a producer by necessity and a director in self-defense . ''   He was an amateur radio operator and held the callsign W6VLH .   Shavelson 's first wife , Lucille , died in 2000 . He was married to his second wife , Ruth Florea , from 2001 until his death in 2007 . He had two children , Lynne Joiner and Richard Shavelson .

neg: Clark Mountain Range The Clark Mountain Range is located in southeastern California , north of Interstate 15 and the community of Mountain Pass . The range stretches approximately 15 miles ( 24 km ) in a southwest-northeasterly direction , beginning in the Mojave National Preserve , and ending near Stateline Pass , about one mile ( 1.6 km ) from the Nevada border . Clark Mountain , at 7,929 feet ( 2,417 m ) above sea level , is the principal peak of the range .   The foothills of the range are in creosote scrub and Joshua tree forests , which adjoin the dense Joshua tree woodlands atop Cima Dome . Higher up , pinyon pine and juniper grow on the `` sky island '' which occasional rains create above 6,000 feet ( 1,800 m ) . The north side of the crest contains a small forest of white fir trees , which is extremely difficult to reach . Clark Mountain is one of three mountain areas where these rare trees persist ; Kingston and New York Mountains are the other two areas where the Rocky Mountain white fir -- Abies concolor can be found in California .   Interstate 15 traverses the mountain pass between the Clark Range and the Mescal Range to the south . The small town of Mountain Pass is located just south of the range on the north side of I-15 . The Mountain Pass rare earth mine owned by Molycorp Minerals is a recently reactivated rare earth element mine on the southern flank of the mountain . A major mine expansion project began in January 2011 .   The range contains Keany Pass and the Umberei Mine .

neg: Saratoga Trunk Saratoga Trunk is a 1945 American romantic drama film directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper , Ingrid Bergman , and Flora Robson . Written by Casey Robinson , and based on the novel Saratoga Trunk by Edna Ferber , the film is about a Texas gambler and a Creole daughter of an aristocratic family who work together to seek justice from a society that has rejected them .

neg: Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill .   The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others .   Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture .   In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .

neg: Cottage Row Historic District Cottage Row Historic District is a national historic district located in Saranac Lake ( Harrietstown ) in Franklin County , New York . It includes 27 contributing privately owned single-family dwellings built between 1900 and 1940 , with the majority constructed between 1907 and 1917 . They are mostly two or three story , wood framed structures , with gable or gambrel roofs , dormers , and wood siding or shingles . Most of the residences were operated as commercial , private tuberculosis sanitorium , with characteristic architectural features of the `` cure cottage , '' including second story sleeping porches , extra wide doorways , and call bell systems .   It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 .

neg: But Not for Me (film) But Not for Me is a 1959 Paramount Pictures comedy film starring Clark Gable and Carroll Baker . It is based on the play Accent on Youth written by Samson Raphaelson .

neg: Upper Hudson River Valley The northern portion of the Hudson River valley in Upstate New York , generally that region extending from the first town below the headwaters of the Hudson River at North River to the last substantive waterfall preventing the passage of vessels at Fort Edward . Downstream from Fort Edward , northbound boat traffic exits the Hudson River onto the Champlain Canal .   The largest population center in the Upper Hudson River Valley is that of Glens Falls . Other towns include North Creek , Hadley , Lake Luzerne , Corinth , and Hudson Falls . The region is characterized by a series of small glens and valleys surrounded by the Adirondack Mountains on all sides . At Corinth the river deepens and widens as it approaches the `` big bend '' where Interstate 87 crosses near Glens Falls .   Category : River valleys of the United States  Category : Hudson River  Category : Valleys of New York  Category : Landforms of Warren County , New York  Category : Landforms of Washington County , New York  Category : Landforms of Saratoga County , New York

neg: Jeffrey Lynn Jeffrey Lynn ( born Ragnar Godfrey Lind ; February 16 , 1909 -- November 24 , 1995 ) was an American stage-screen actor and film producer who worked primarily through the Golden Age of Hollywood establishing himself as one of the premier talents of his time . Throughout his acting career , both on stage and in film , he was typecast as `` the attractive , reliable love interest of the heroine , '' or `` the tall , stalwart hero . ''   Born and raised in Massachusetts , he attended Bates College , before working as a teacher . He was tapped to act in his first film in 1938 , which convinced him to move to Hollywood , California . His second film -- Four Daughters ( 1938 ) -- propelled him into national fame sparking three squeals : Daughters Courageous ( 1939 ) , Four Wives ( 1939 ) and Four Mothers ( 1941 ) with Lynn reprising his role in each of them . He was at the center of the Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) screening controversy ; he was noted as the top contender to play Ashley Wilkes , however , the directer eventually chose Leslie Howard instead . Lynn was asked to join James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart in The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) , a gangster noir that garnered him critical praise . His success continued with such films as The Fighting 69th ( 1940 ) in which he portrayed poet-soldier Joyce Kilmer opposite Cagney , It All Came True ( 1940 ) , All This and Heaven Too ( 1940 ) and Million Dollar Baby ( 1941 ) .   His movie career was put on hold for World War II draft , where he received a Bronze Star for his service as a in Italy and Austria as a combat intelligence captain . He returned to the screen in 1948 and was in the notably successful , A Letter to Three Wives ( 1949 ) , which went on to be nominated of best picture in the 1950 prime time Academy Awards . A year later he joined that cast of Home Town Story ( 1951 ) billed alongside Marilyn Monroe . His later film career credits include : BUtterfield 8 ( 1960 ) along with Elizabeth Taylor and Laurence Harvey , and Tony Rome ( 1967 ) with Frank Sinatra .   Lynn also began to act on Broadway and was featured in such plays as Any Wednesday ( 1966 ) and Dinner at Eight ( 1967 ) . Later on in his career he found mixed critical success television starring in hit shows such as Robert Montgomery Presents , Your Show of Shows , My Son Jeep ( with young Martin Huston ) , and Lux Video Theatre .   He died in November 1995 in Burbank , California from natural causes and was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills . Actor Jeffrey Lynn `` Jeff '' Goldblum is named in honor of Jeffrey Lynn .

neg: Robert Clark (executive) Robert Clark ( 1905-1984 ) was a Scottish film executive best known for being head of production at Associated British Picture Corporation in the late 1940s and 1950s . It was a successful time for the company , films including The Dam Busters ( 1955 ) .   Among Clark 's achievements were negotiating a contract with Warner Bros and signing Audrey Hepburn and Richard Todd to long term contracts before they were stars . He also financed early films of J. Lee Thompson and Michael Anderson .   In 1949 he announced ABPC would make ten films at a total cost of ₤ 2 million . He was heavily reliant on the choices of his scenario director , Frederick Gotfurt . Clark lost nearly # 530,000 on production in his first two years in charge and recouped only # 330,000 in distribution . He reduced production costs by remaking old company properties , co-financing with the NFFC and going into co productions .   According to writers Sue Harper and Vince Porter , the films which Clark had the most personal interest were The Dam Busters ( 1955 ) , The Good Companions ( 1957 ) and The Moonraker ( 1958 ) . He was removed from his position as head of production in January 1958 after a series of clashes with Warner Bros and was replaced with C.J. Latta .


query: William Shakespeare was a sheep.

pos: William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( -LSB- ˈʃeɪkspɪə -RSB- 26 April 1564 ( baptised ) -- 23 April 1616 ) was an English : poet , : playwright , and actor , widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world 's pre-eminent dramatist . He is often called England 's national poet , and the `` Bard of Avon '' . His extant works , including collaborations , consist of approximately 38 plays , 154 sonnets , two long narrative poems , and a few other verses , some of uncertain authorship . His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright .   Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire . At the age of 18 , he married Anne Hathaway , with whom he had three children : Susanna , and twins Hamnet and Judith . Sometime between 1585 and 1592 , he began a successful career in London as an actor , writer , and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain 's Men , later known as the King 's Men . He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613 , at age 49 , where he died three years later . Few records of Shakespeare 's private life survive , which has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance , sexuality , and religious beliefs and whether the works attributed to him were written by others .   Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613 . His early plays were primarily comedies and histories , which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres . He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608 , including Hamlet , Othello , King Lear , and Macbeth , considered some of the finest works in the English language . In his last phase , he wrote tragicomedies , also known as romances , and collaborated with other playwrights .   Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime . In 1623 , however , John Heminges and Henry Condell , two friends and fellow actors of Shakespeare , published a more definitive text known as the First Folio , a posthumous collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare 's . It was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson , in which Shakespeare is hailed , presciently , as `` not of an age , but for all time '' .   In the 20th and 21st centuries , his works have been repeatedly adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance . His plays remain highly popular and are constantly studied , performed , and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world .

neg: Shakespeare's editors Shakespeare 's editors were essential in the development of the modern practice of producing printed books and the evolution of textual criticism .   The 17th-century folio collections of the plays of William Shakespeare did not have editors in the modern sense of the term . In the best understanding of contemporary consensus scholarship , the plays to be included in the First Folio ( 1623 ) were gathered together or `` compiled '' by John Heminges and Henry Condell , two long-time colleagues of Shakespeare in the King 's Men . The play manuscripts may have been proofread and prepared for printing by Edward Knight , the `` book-keeper '' or prompter of the company . The task of proofreading and correcting the actual printed pages of the Folio was left to the compositors and printers in the print-shop , yielding the uneven and often defective text that is the First Folio .   Even less is known about the creation of the Second ( 1632 ) , Third ( 1663 -- 64 ) , and Fourth Folios ( 1685 ) than about the First ; see Folios and Quartos ( Shakespeare ) .   In the 18th century , however , interested individuals made the first concerted efforts to bring order to the tangle of textual difficulties that the Folios of the previous century presented . The list below gives the date of each edition of Shakespeare 's plays , the editor , the format of the collection , and pertinent specific information .   1709 , Nicholas Rowe ; octavo , 6 volumes . Rowe was the first person to attempt a clean and fully comprehensible text of the plays ; but he depended upon a copy of the Fourth Folio and made generally conjectural emendations . He also added full stage directions ( he was a playwright himself ) and full lists of Dramatis personae , and wrote the first biographical sketch of the poet .  1725 , Alexander Pope ; quarto , 6 volumes . Pope was the first to attempt a collation of the quarto texts of the plays , yet he produced what was basically a reprint of Rowe that added little of value .  1733 , Lewis Theobald ; octavo , 7 volumes . Theobald has been called `` the first Shakespeare scholar '' ; he carried forward the task of collating the quartos , and began the study of Shakespeare 's sources and the order of the plays ' composition . ( See Chronology of Shakespeare 's plays . )  1744 , Thomas Hanmer ; quarto , 6 volumes . Hanmer relied on Theobald 's text , and made guesswork corrections . His edition was reprinted in 1770 .  1747 , William Warburton ; octavo , 8 volumes . Warburton built upon Pope 's edition ; indeed , Warburton placed Pope 's name before his own on the title pages of his edition . In his preface , Warburton wrote that his friend Pope `` was desirous I should give a new Edition of this Poet , as he thought it might contribute to put a stop to a prevailing folly of altering the Text of celebrated Authors without Talents or Judgment . And he was willing that his Edition should be melted down into mine , as it would , he said , afford him ( so great is the modesty of an ingenuous temper ) a fit opportunity of confessing his Mistakes . '' The phrase `` without Talents or Judgment '' refers to Theobold and Hanmer . However , Warburton did allow , rather begrudgingly , some corrections put forward by Theobold and Hanmer : `` For the rest , all the Corrections which these two Editors have made on any reasonable Foundation , are here admitted into the Text ; and carefully assigned to their respective Authors . A piece of Justice which the Oxford Editor never did ; and which the Other was not always scrupulous in observing towards me . ''  In 1748 Thomas Edwards published his Supplement to Warburton 's Edition of Shakespeare , in later editions called The Canons of Criticism -- a satirical but spot-on analysis of Warburton 's editorial emendations , some of which are truly silly . Samuel Johnson had this to say : `` Soon after Edwards 's Canons of Criticism came out , Johnson was dining at Tonson the Bookseller 's , with Hayman the Painter and some more company . Hayman related to Sir Joshua Reynolds , that the conversation having turned upon Edwards 's book , the gentlemen praised it much , and Johnson allowed its merit . But when they went farther , and appeared to put that authour upon a level with Warburton , `` Nay , ( said Johnson , ) he has given him some smart hits to be sure ; but there is no proportion between the two men ; they must not be named together . A fly , Sir , may sting a stately horse and make him wince ; but one is but an insect , and the other is a horse still . ''  1765 , Samuel Johnson , The Plays of William Shakespeare ; octavo , 8 volumes . Johnson in turn relied upon Warburton ; his edition is noteworthy mainly for its famous Preface .  1768 , Edward Capell ; octavo , 10 volumes . Appalled by the undisciplined emendations of Hanmer and Warburton , Capell spent three decades collecting and collating the quartos . He was also the first to exploit the Stationers ' Register and Francis Meres 's Palladis Tamia , and to explore Shakespeare 's use of Raphael Holinshed 's Chronicles and Sir Thomas North 's translation of Plutarch 's Parallel Lives .  1773 , George Steevens ; octavo , 10 volumes . Steevens employed Johnson 's text , but continued Capell 's trend of adding new material . Steevens revised and re-issued his edition in 1778 ; in 1780 Edmond Malone added another 2 volumes that contained Shakespeare 's non-dramatic poems and other material . Isaac Reed revised the Steevens edition again in 1785 , and Steevens himself produced one final , 15-volume revision in 1793 .  1790 , Edmond Malone ; octavo , 10 volumes . Malone , often considered the best of the century 's editors of Shakespeare , wrote the first general consideration of English Renaissance theatre , utilizing resources like the records of the Master of the Revels and Edward Alleyn 's papers at Dulwich College . He is also noted for his work on the problem of chronology .   The early 19th century saw the first Variorum editions of Shakespeare 's works , editions that collated and synthesized the efforts of the editors of the previous century :   1803 , the First Variorum edition , edited by Isaac Reed ; 21 volumes .  1813 , the Second Variorum , a reprint of the First ; 21 volumes .  1821 , the Third Variorum , edited by James Boswell ; 21 volumes .   These massive editions laid the foundation for modern textual scholarship on Shakespeare 's works , and by extension on works of literature in general . In the 19th century the text , drawn primarily from Malone and Steevens , was `` monumentalized '' in the Cambridge edition ( 1863-6 ) and its single-volume companion , the Globe edition ( 1864 ) . It was followed by the New Cambridge edition in 1921 , and all modern standard editions inherit primarily from this edition .   As for the personalities involved : some of these men were friends , like Steevens , Reed , and Malone ; acquaintances called them the Shakespeare Gang . Others nourished spirits of competitiveness and resentment . Pope made Theobald the first hero of The Dunciad . Warburton belittled Rowe 's `` Account of the Life '' of Shakespeare -- but he reprinted it in his own edition , without change or improvement . Despite his friendship with Malone and Reed , Steevens was famous for his irascibility ; in notes to his 1793 edition of Shakespeare , he concocted obscene interpretations of some passages and attributed those readings to people he did n't like .   The next major edition , the Cambridge Shakespeare ( 1863 -- 66 ) , moved away from the practice of a single editor following his own sometimes capricious instincts and judgments . The first volume of the Cambridge Shakespeare was edited by William George Clark and John Glover , and the subsequent eight volumes by Clark and William Aldis Wright . Clark and Wright also produced the single-volume Globe Shakespeare ( 1864 ) using their Cambridge texts ; together , these became the standard for the remainder of the century .   The most radical edition in the twentieth century was the Oxford Shakespeare , prepared under the general editorship of Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor . It aims to present the texts as they were originally performed , which results in numerous controversial choices , including presenting multiple texts of King Lear , a text of Hamlet in which the scenes presumably cut by Shakespeare are relegated to an appendix , and an emphasis on the collaborative nature of several of the plays .

neg: Cultural depictions of Richard III of England Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times . In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain , most famously in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , but also in other literature of the period . Richard 's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the `` Ricardian '' movement sought to restore his reputation . Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light . However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture .

neg: The London Prodigal The London Prodigal is a play in English Renaissance theatre , a city comedy set in London , in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways . The play was published in quarto in 1605 by the stationer Nathaniel Butter , and printed by Thomas Creede . In 1664 it was one of the seven plays that publisher Philip Chetwinde added to the second impression of his Third Folio of Shakespeare 's plays .   The play was not entered into the Stationers ' Register , but it is attributed to William Shakespeare on the title page of the first ( and only ) edition . This attribution is widely and generally rejected by scholars . The title page also identifies the play as a King 's Men 's play . ( One critic has observed that it is questionable to reject the former assertion while accepting the latter . )   The London Prodigal has been dated as early as c. 1591 , and as late as 1603 -- 4 . It is one of a long series of `` prodigal son '' plays that reach back as far as the Bible for inspiration and precedent ; but it is also an example of the evolving Elizabethian genre of domestic dramas , and `` one of the first naturalistic dramas in English '' .   Individual scholars have attributed the play to Ben Jonson , Thomas Dekker , John Marston , and Michael Drayton ; others have suggested Thomas Heywood and George Wilkins . None of these attributions , however , has been accepted by a significant proportion of the critical community .

neg: The Jew (play) The Jew is a comedy written by playwright Richard Cumberland and first presented at the Drury Lane Theatre in London in May 1794 . The play is notable as the first play in the English theatre to portray a Jewish moneylender as the hero of a stage production . An adaptation of the original play along with a facsimile copy of The Jew was published in 2012 as Sheva , the Benevolent .   The anti-Jewish tradition on the English stage dates back at least to the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and is exemplified by the characters of Shylock in William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice and Barabas in Christopher Marlowe 's The Jew of Malta . In a series of articles called Observer , first published in 1785 , Cumberland created a character named Abraham Abrahams who would later serve as a template for Sheva , the title character in The Jew . In one instalment of Observer , Abrahams is quoted as saying , `` I verily believe the odious character of Shylock has brought little less persecution upon us , poor scattered sons of Abraham , than the Inquisition itself . '' A decade later , in writing The Jew , Cumberland sought to create a positive image of a Jewish man that would counteract centuries of anti-Semitic portraits . The tremendous success of the initial production prompted Cumberland to later write , `` The benevolence of the audience assisted me in rescuing a forlorn and persecuted character , which till then had only been brought upon the stage for the unmanly purpose of being made a spectacle of contempt , and a butt for ridicule . In the success of this comedy I felt of course a greater gratification , than I had ever felt upon a like occasion . ''   Shortly after its London premiere , the play began to be performed in the United States , first in Boston , Philadelphia , and New York City and , later , in Richmond , Charleston , and many other cities and towns . The play was also translated into numerous languages including German , French , Hebrew , Yiddish , and Russian . The last known New York production under its original title was presented at the Bronx Free Synagogue in 1919 .

neg: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead , often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern , is an absurdist , existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard , first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966 . The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare 's Hamlet , the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . The action of Stoppard 's play takes place mainly `` in the wings '' of Shakespeare 's , with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original 's scenes . Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet , of which they have no direct knowledge .   Comparisons have also been drawn with Samuel Beckett 's Waiting for Godot , for the presence of two central characters who almost appear to be two halves of a single character . Many plot features are similar as well : the characters pass time by playing Questions , impersonating other characters , and interrupting each other or remaining silent for long periods of time .

neg: Propeller (theatre company) Propeller is a theatre company which presents the plays of William Shakespeare in the UK and around the world . The director is Edward Hall , and the casts are exclusively male actors .

neg: Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI , Part 1 , often referred to as 1 Henry VI , is a history play by William Shakespeare , and possibly Christopher Marlowe and/or Thomas Nashe , believed to have been written in 1591 , and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England . Whereas Henry VI , Part 2 deals with the King 's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles , and the inevitability of armed conflict , and Henry VI , Part 3 deals with the horrors of that conflict , Henry VI , Part 1 deals with the loss of England 's French territories and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses , as the English political system is torn apart by personal squabbles and petty jealousy .   Although the Henry VI trilogy may not have been written in chronological order , the three plays are often grouped together with Richard III to form a tetralogy covering the entire Wars of the Roses saga , from the death of Henry V in 1422 to the rise to power of Henry VII in 1485 . It was the success of this sequence of plays that firmly established Shakespeare 's reputation as a playwright .   Some regard Henry VI , Part 1 as the weakest of Shakespeare 's plays and , along with Titus Andronicus , it is generally considered one of the strongest candidates for evidence that Shakespeare collaborated with other dramatists early in his career .

neg: Woolsack The Woolsack is the seat of the Lord Speaker in the House of Lords , the Upper House of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . In the 14th century King Edward III ( 1327 -- 1377 ) commanded that his Lord Chancellor whilst in council should sit on a wool bale , now known as `` The Woolsack '' , in order to symbolise the central nature and huge importance of the wool trade to the economy of England in the Middle Ages . Indeed , it was largely to protect the vital English wool trade routes with continental Europe that the Battle of Crécy was fought with the French in 1346 . From the Middle Ages until 2006 , the presiding officer in the House of Lords was the Lord Chancellor and the Woolsack was usually mentioned in association with the office of Lord Chancellor . In July 2006 , the function of Lord Speaker was split from that of Lord Chancellor pursuant to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 .   The Woolsack is a large , wool-stuffed cushion or seat covered with red cloth ; it has neither a back nor arms , though in the centre of the Woolsack there is a back-rest . The Lords ' Mace is placed on the rear part of the Woolsack .   In 1938 , it was discovered that the Woolsack was , in fact , stuffed with horsehair . When the Woolsack was remade it was re-stuffed with wool from all over the Commonwealth as a symbol of unity .   The Lord Speaker may speak from the Woolsack when speaking in his or her capacity as Speaker of the House , but must , if he or she seeks to debate , deliver his or her remarks either from the left side of the Woolsack , or from the normal seats of the Lords .   If a Deputy Speaker presides in the absence of the Lord Speaker , then that individual uses the Woolsack . However , when the House meets in the `` Committee of the Whole '' , the Woolsack remains unoccupied , and the presiding officer , the Chairman or Deputy Chairman , occupies a Chair at the front of the table of the House .   In front of the Woolsack is an even larger cushion known as the Judges ' Woolsack . During the State Opening of Parliament , the Judges ' Woolsack was historically occupied by the Law Lords . Now the Attorney General , the Solicitor General , the Lord Chief Justice , the Master of the Rolls , the President of the Family Division , the Vice-Chancellor , Justices of the Supreme Court , the Lords Justices of Appeal and the Justices of the High Court only attend Parliament for the State Opening .   In June 2016 Norman , Lord Fowler , was elected Speaker and he took his seat in September . The Lord Speaker 's duties as listed on the Parliamentry website include   residing over business in the Lords chamber from the Woolsack  chairing the House of Lords Commission , which provides high-level strategic and political direction for the House of Lords Administration on behalf of the House  taking formal responsibility for security in the Lords area of the parliamentary estate  coordinating an outreach programme to engage the public in the work and role of the Lords , central to which is the Peers in Schools programme  attending and speaking at state and ceremonial occasions on behalf of the Lords  representing the Lords to overseas parliaments , attending conferences with speakers of other parliaments , sharing best practice and developing links between parliaments

neg: Sonnet 13 Sonnet 13 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare . It is a procreation sonnet within the Fair Youth sequence .   In the sonnet , the speaker declares his admiration and love for the beauty of youth , but warns this figure of youth that he will lose it if he does n't revitalize himself through offspring . The primary arguments made in this procreation sonnet are the maintenance of self-identity and duty to one 's own heritage . His tone throughout the sonnet is intimate , highlighting the theme of affection for youth that is prevalent in the first seventeen sonnets .

neg: The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 .   Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent .   Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's .   The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .

neg: Hobbes–Wallis controversy The Hobbes -- Wallis controversy was a polemic debate that continued from the mid-1650s well into the 1670s , between the philosopher Thomas Hobbes and the mathematician John Wallis . It was sparked by De corpore , a philosophical work by Hobbes in the general area of physics . The book contained not only a theory of mathematics subordinating it to geometry and geometry to kinematics , but a claimed proof of the squaring of the circle by Hobbes . While Hobbes retracted this particular proof , he returned to the topic with other attempted proofs . A pamphleteering exchange continued for decades . It drew in the newly formed Royal Society , and its experimental philosophy , to which Hobbes was ( on principle ) opposed .   The sustained nature of the exchanges can be attributed to several strands of the intellectual situation of the time . In mathematics there were open issues , namely the priority ( pedagogic , or theoretical ) to be assigned to geometry and algebra ; and the status of algebra itself , which ( from an English standpoint ) had been pulled together by the text of William Oughtred , as more than a collection of symbolic abbreviations . Socially , the formation of the group of Royal Society members , and the status of the publication Philosophical Transactions , was brought to a point as the quarrel proceeded , with Hobbes playing the outsider versus the self-selecting guild .   Hobbes was an easy target , on the ground chosen by Wallis . The failure of his attempts to solve the impossible problems he set himself were inevitable , but he neither backed down completely , nor applied adequate self-criticism . And on the level of character , Wallis was as intransigent as Hobbes was dogmatic , and this inflicted damage on both of their reputations . Quentin Skinner writes : `` There is no doubt that at the personal level Wallis behaved badly ( as was widely conceded at the time ) . ''   Part of the significance of the controversy is that Hobbes felt that , in the later stages , the Royal Society was in some way complicit in the attacks from Wallis , despite the fact that he had many friends as Fellows in it . This attitude presented one of the obstacles to Hobbes himself becoming a member , though not the only one .

neg: Themes in Titus Andronicus Although traditionally Titus Andronicus has been seen as one of Shakespeare 's least respected plays , its fortunes have changed somewhat in the latter half of the twentieth century , with numerous scholars arguing that the play is more accomplished than has hitherto been allowed for . In particular , scholars have argued that the play is far more thematically complex than has traditionally been thought , and features profound insights into Ancient Rome , Elizabethan society , and the human condition . Such scholars tend to argue that these previously unacknowledged insights have only become apparent during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as only now has the ultraviolent content of the play achieved a sense of relevance . For example , in his 1987 edition of the play for the Contemporary Shakespeare series , A.L. Rowse writes ; `` in the civilised Victorian age the play could not be performed because it could not be believed . Such is the horror of our own age , with the appalling barbarities of prison camps and resistance movements paralleling the torture and mutilation and feeding on human flesh of the play , that it has ceased to be improbable . '' Similarly , director Julie Taymor , who staged a production Off-Broadway in 1994 and directed a film version in 1999 , says she was drawn to the play because she found it to be the most `` relevant of Shakespeare 's plays for the modern era ; '' She feels that the play has more relevance for us than it had for the Victorians ; `` it seems like a play written for today , it reeks of now . '' Because of this new found relevance , previously unrecognised thematic strands have thus come to the forefront .   This article presents an overview of four of the most prominent themes in the play .

neg: Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally .   The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre .   As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work .   The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade .   For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK .   In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .

neg: Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation .   Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare   Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .

neg: Hamlet (1921 film) Hamlet is a 1921 German film adaptation of the William Shakespeare play of the same name starring Danish silent film actress Asta Nielsen . It was directed by Svend Gade and Heinz Schall .   In this interpretation , inspired by Dr. Edward P. Vining 's book The Mystery of Hamlet , Hamlet is born female and disguised as a male to preserve the lineage . Though a radical interpretation , the New York Times said this film , `` holds a secure place in class with the best . ''

neg: Norman Wooland Norman Wooland ( 16 March 19103 April 1989 ) was a British character actor who appeared in many major films , including several Shakespearean adaptations .   During the Second World War he was a junior radio announcer , reporting the news for the BBC . His acting break came when he played Horatio in Laurence Olivier 's Hamlet ( 1948 ) , and in which his `` fine work '' was noted by The New York Times . Then came Catesby in Olivier 's film of Richard III , and Paris in Romeo and Juliet ( 1954 ) . He also had supporting roles in Quo Vadis ( 1951 ) , Ivanhoe ( 1952 ) , Background ( 1953 ) , The Guns of Navarone ( 1961 ) , Life for Ruth ( 1962 ) and International Velvet ( 1978 ) .   Wooland kept a herd of cows , each of which was named after a Shakespearean character . He died in 1989 , aged 79 .

neg: Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish .   Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes .   Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections '   The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .

neg: Tales from Shakespeare Tales from Shakespeare is an English children 's book written by Charles Lamb and his sister Mary Lamb in 1807 .   The book is designed to make the stories of Shakespeare 's plays familiar to the young .  However , as noted in the authors ' Preface , '' -LSB- Shakespeare 's -RSB- words are used whenever it seemed possible to bring them in ; and in whatever has been added to give them the regular form of a connected story , diligent care has been taken to select such words as might least interrupt the effect of the beautiful English tongue in which he wrote : therefore , words introduced into our language since his time have been as far as possible avoided . ''   Mary Lamb was responsible for the comedies , while Charles wrote the tragedies ; they wrote the preface between them .   The book contains the following tales :   The Tempest ( Mary Lamb )  A Midsummer Night 's Dream ( Mary Lamb )  The Winter 's Tale ( Mary Lamb )  Much Ado About Nothing ( Mary Lamb )  As You Like It ( Mary Lamb )  Two Gentlemen of Verona ( Mary Lamb )  The Merchant of Venice ( Mary Lamb )  Cymbeline ( Mary Lamb )  King Lear ( Charles Lamb )  Macbeth ( Charles Lamb )  All 's Well That Ends Well ( Mary Lamb )  The Taming of the Shrew ( Mary Lamb )  The Comedy of Errors ( Mary Lamb )  Measure for Measure ( Mary Lamb )  Twelfth Night ( Mary Lamb )  Timon of Athens ( Charles Lamb )  Romeo and Juliet ( Charles Lamb )  Hamlet , Prince of Denmark ( Charles Lamb )  Othello ( Charles Lamb )  Pericles , Prince of Tyre ( Mary Lamb )   Tales from Shakespeare has been republished many times . It was illustrated by Sir John Gilbert in 1866 , by Arthur Rackham in 1899 and 1909 , by Louis Monziès in 1908 , by Walter Paget in 1910 , and by D. C. Eyles in 1934 .   In 1893-4 , the book was supplemented with some additional tales by Harrison S Morris and was re-published in the USA as a multi-volume set with colour plate illustrations .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592 .   The play begins with a framing device , often referred to as the induction , in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself . The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly 's diversion .   The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and Katherina , the headstrong , obdurate shrew . Initially , Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship ; however , Petruchio `` tames '' her with various psychological torments , such as keeping her from eating and drinking , until she becomes a desirable , compliant , and obedient bride . The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina 's younger sister , Bianca , who is seen as the `` ideal '' woman . The question of whether the play is misogynistic or not has become the subject of considerable controversy , particularly among modern scholars , audiences , and readers .   The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage , screen , opera , ballet , and musical theatre ; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter 's Kiss Me , Kate and the 1967 film of the play , starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . The 1999 high school comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You is also loosely based on the play .