query: Jim Rash is a man.

pos: Jim Rash James `` Jim '' Rash ( born July 15 , 1971 ) is an American actor , comedian , producer , screenwriter , and director . He is known for playing Dean Craig Pelton on the NBC/Yahoo ! sitcom Community . In 2012 , he received a Golden Globe nomination and won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the film The Descendants .

neg: Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash .   A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly .   This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .

neg: Adaptive expertise Adaptive expertise is a broad construct that encompasses a range of cognitive , motivational , and personality-related components , as well as habits of mind and dispositions . Generally , problem-solvers demonstrate adaptive expertise when they are able to efficiently solve previously encountered tasks and generate new procedures for new tasks . This definition can be contrasted with more traditional ideas of expertise popularized by Chi and others , which do not typically consider adaptation to completely novel situations . Its empirical validity has been examined in a number of training and learning contexts . The term was first coined by Giyoo Hatano and Kayoko Inagaki , to tease out the variability within groups of experts . Hatano and Inagaki , described two types of expertise : routine expertise , or classic expertise , and adaptive expertise . They defined routine expertise as involving mastering procedures in such a way as to become highly efficient and accurate , whereas developing adaptive expertise requires an individual to develop conceptual understanding that allows the `` expert '' to invent new solutions to problems and even new procedures for solving problems . To illustrate , imagine two sushi chefs : one who makes every piece perfectly but routinely makes the same few types over and over ( routine , or classic , expertise ) , and one produces new menus frequently ( adaptive expertise ) . To some , this is an unfair comparison , as ones ' environment supports behavior . For example , the routine of the classic expert sushi chef may be tied to his restaurant environment , and this chef may be able to break out of the routines easily given a different situation . However , the adaptive expert chef clearly demonstrates flexible knowledge and performance of sushi-making . Learning Scientists are interested in adaptive expertise , in part because they would like to understand the types of learning trajectories that may allow practitioners break free from routines when necessary .   There is not , however , a true dichotomy between adaptive and classic expertise . Expertise can be thought of as a continuum of adaptive ability . On one end , practitioners can be classified as `` routinely skilled '' versus `` innovatively competent '' ; as `` artisans '' versus `` virtuosos '' ; or as those approaching a task in a routine versus more flexible way . The notion of adaptive expertise suggests that new problems can be viewed as a platform for exploration in a new problem space and not just an opportunity to practice completing a task more efficiently . For example , adaptability enabled the Apollo 13 crew to successfully build an air filter from ill-fitting parts whilst in space , while the TV chef , Jamie Oliver , is able to flamboyantly and creatively produce good food using only simple ingredients .   A distinguishing feature of adaptive expertise is the ability to apply knowledge effectively to novel problems or atypical cases in a domain . Holyoak characterized adaptive experts as being capable of drawing on their knowledge to invent new procedures for solving unique or fresh problems , rather than simply applying already mastered procedures . Adaptability allows experts to recognize when highly practiced rules and principles do not apply in certain situations in which other solvers might typically attempt to use a previously learned procedure . Moreover , studies have shown that this flexibility can result in better performance than that of classically defined experts , resulting in , amongst other things , better technical trouble shooting ; workplace error avoidance ; and more accurate medical diagnosis . John D. Bransford considers this flexible , innovative application of knowledge , in large part , underlies adaptive experts ' greater tendency to enrich and refine their understanding on the basis of continuing experience to learn from problem-solving episodes .

neg: Jim Gerald James Gerald ( 1 January 1891 -- 1971 ) was an Australia comedian , circus clown , acrobat , writer , director and troupe leader and filmmaker . He is generally regarded as one of the four leading post-World War I comedians to work the Australasian variety circuits , the others being Nat Phillips , Roy Rene , and George Wallace .   Born at Darlington , Sydney , Gerald was the seventh son of Stephen Australia Fitzgerald , a tailor turned actor , and his wife Mary Ann , née Ingram . In his youth Jim played truant from school to watch acrobats practising on the sandhills behind Centennial Park , learned to tumble and haunted his uncles ' circus . Three of his brothers also went on the stage using the names ` Max Clifton ' , ` Lance Vane ' and ` Cliff Stevens ' . In 1898 his father apprenticed him to Oscar Pagel 's Circus . He subsequently travelled the world , including South Africa , Africa , the Far East and North America for around ten years .   Back in Australia by 1908 , Gerald found employment with several circuses ; and as ` Diabolo ' was billed as the first man to loop the loop on a motorcycle . In 1910 he and two of his brothers , Lance Vane and Max Clifton , appeared in The Life and Adventures of John Vane , the Notorious Australian Bushranger . That film , also directed by his father , is now viewed as a significant landmark in Australian cinema history , being the first recorded involvement in narrative film production by Charles Cozens Spencer ( a leading figure in the early Australian film industry ) .   Gerald 's `` move into variety entertainment began in 1912 when he toured with his father 's All Stars drama and vaudeville company as both comedian and acrobat . Although he soon afterwards signed with the Fullers ' Theatres vaudeville circuit Gerald was immediately leased to Stanley McKay for his touring pantomime company , and over the next five to six years appeared throughout Australia and New Zealand as a specialist pantomime dame Within a year of joining McKay 's company Gerald married Esther Patience Futcher , a 27-year-old actress known as ` Essie Jennings ' . The ceremony took place on 21 July 1913 at St Peter 's Anglican Church , Wellington , New Zealand , \ . The two latter formed a highly popular knockabout comedy sketch act , appearing in sketches such as the `` The Actress and the Paperhanger '' and `` The new Recruit . ''   Fitzgerald enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force on 5 May 1916 and served in Mesopotamia as a driver with the 1st Australian and New Zealand Wireless Signal Squadron . Discharged on 12 October 1918 , he returned to the Fullers ' circuit and was soon asked by ( Sir ) Benjamin Fuller to write and produce his own revue sketches . He had seen the funny side of soldiering in Mesopotamia and his act , ` The New Recruit ' , remained popular for years . Unlike his contemporaries Roy Rene and George Wallace , Gerald was ` unashamedly international ' in his work . Almost every Christmas he played the dame in pantomimes . He made some thirty silent films in the United States of America in 1928 , and was influenced by Charlie Chaplin whom he greatly admired .   When the Fullers folded in 1933 , Gerald continued to play six-month seasons in Sydney and Melbourne under various managements . In 1935-36 he appeared in several revues at the Garrick Theatre , London , including Do n't Spare the Horses . Returning to Sydney , in May 1936 he featured in Shout for Joy . One critic wrote that he ` can not particularly sing nor does he know much about dancing , but he is undoubtedly a master of patter , of quick , well-timed delivery and retort ' . Gerald signed a contract with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in February 1939 ; he starred in ` Jim and Jitters ' with Jim Davidson 's A.B.C. Dance Band and conducted the Saturday ` After-Dinner Show ' . Next year he formed his own radio-production company .   On 10 April 1941 Gerald was appointed honorary lieutenant colonel in the A.I.F. Placed in charge of the Entertainment Unit , he embarked for the Middle East on 1 September in the Queen Elizabeth . A shrewd organizer and an experienced producer , he gathered Davidson and his band , comedians , singers , jugglers , acrobats and trick cyclists , as well as backstage technicians , ` among them costume designers , seamstresses and electricians ' . At his headquarters at Tel Aviv , Palestine , he recruited a female chorus line . The first performance at Gaza of All in Fun was ` received with rapturous applause ' .   Home again in October 1942 , Gerald transferred to the retired list on 31 December . He joined the Tivoli circuit and appeared in the revue , Stripped for Action ( 1943 ) . In 1951 he played the happy roué in Ladies ' Night in a Turkish Bath . He shared top billing with Wallace in Thanks for the Memory , at the Princess Theatre , Melbourne , in 1953 and toured for three years in that revue . He was ` as uproariously funny as ever though not as spry ' in The Good Old Days ( Sydney , 1957 ) . Next year he retired to St Kilda , Melbourne . Gerald enjoyed watching any kind of sport , but his passion was for motoring : he owned a succession of cars which he drove across America , through Europe , the Middle East and Britain , and all over Australia . After Essie 's death in 1969 , he moved into a home at Rosebud . He died there on 2 March 1971 and was cremated . ` Jim Gerald was probably best remembered for his versatility -- as a big-eared oaf in baggy pants and shapeless hat , as a seemingly rubber-boned and pathetically droll clown and as Australia 's greatest pantomime dame . '

neg: Jim Koplik Jim Koplik is an American concert promoter who has produced shows by The Rolling Stones , Paul McCartney , Bruce Springsteen , REO Speedwagon , Madonna , Billy Joel and Elton John , among others . A resident of Stamford , Connecticut , Koplik works through Jim Koplik Presents , his Wallingford , Connecticut-based company . He owns the Comcast Theater in Hartford , Connecticut .   Born in New Rochelle , New York , Koplik launched his career in the late 1960s when he was a student at Ohio State University and promoted a show for the band Steppenwolf . Before that he had worked at Ohio State on the 1968 presidential campaign of Robert F. Kennedy . In 1981 Koplik moved from Westchester County , New York to Stamford .   Jim Koplik Presents produces 150 concerts a year , many for the Toyota Presents Oakdale Theatre in Wallingford , the Comcast Theater and for the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville .   Koplik is a board member of Connecticut Special Olympics , the National Kidney Foundation of Connecticut , the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Connecticut and the Jewish Community Center of Stamford . He is a former member of the boards of the Connecticut Children 's Medical Center , Riverfront Recapture and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts .   Jim Koplik ( along with Shelly Finkel ) were co-promoters of the `` Summer Jam at Watkins Glen '' ( rock concert in Watkins Glen ) in New York in July 1973 .

neg: Jim Gibbons (American politician) James Arthur `` Jim '' Gibbons ( born December 16 , 1944 ) is an American attorney , aviator , geologist , hydrologist and politician . He served as the 28th Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada from 2007 to 2011 . He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives , having served from 1997 to 2006 . He is a member of the Republican Party .

neg: Jim Brogan (basketball) James Riley `` Jim '' Brogan ( born February 24 , 1958 ) is a retired American basketball player .   Born in Merion Station , Pennsylvania , he played collegiately for the West Virginia Wesleyan College .   He played for the San Diego Clippers ( 1981 -- 83 ) in the NBA for 121 games .  He is currently coaching basketball players , primarily working on their shooting form . He has also trained with professional sports figures to improve their balance and coordination .

neg: Count Jim Moriarty Count Jim Moriarty ( also called Count Jim Moriarty of the House of Roland ) is a character from the 1950s BBC Radio comedy The Goon Show . He was voiced by Spike Milligan . In the episode `` The Macreekie Rising of ' 74 '' , Harry Secombe filled-in for the role in Milligan 's absence .   Moriarty is an impoverished member of the French aristocracy who has turned to crime to support his lifestyle . Despite having carried out many high-paying cons and robberies during the series , he and his criminal counterpart Hercules Grytpype-Thynne always appear to be permanently destitute . With his thick faux-French accent , he is often found scavenging in dustbins looking for food and uttering nonsensical , half-French curses such as `` Sapristi nabolas ! '' , `` Sapristi nyuckoes ! '' , or `` Sapristi bombpetts ! '' ( incorporating an old-fashioned French expletive that meant originally `` by the body of Christ '' ) and `` Sacre Fred ! '' ( a Milligan coinage from Sacrebleu ) in the episode `` Lurgi Strikes Britain '' .   Moriarty travels closely with Grytpype-Thynne , often in the same suit or ( in `` The Jet Propelled Guided NAAFI '' ) by hiding in the lining of Grytpype 's underpants . In `` The Call of the West '' , Grytpype announces that Moriarty is traveling west by fish crate because of the devaluation of the franc .   Over the years , Moriarty changed from a suave , debonair and efficient French criminal mastermind and confidence trickster into a cringing sidekick of Grytpype-Thynne , who is often disparaging of his manic behaviour , referring to him as `` you steaming French nit '' , `` my fast disintegrating friend '' , or `` you crutty French schlapper '' . Grytpype often introduces him ( `` and I quote from his death certificate '' ) with a middle name such as `` Thighs '' , `` Knees '' , `` Kidney Wiper '' , etc. , along with an appropriate sound effect ( e.g. rattling bones , swannee whistle ) or Moriarty 's catch-phrase `` Oooowwwwww '' , and descriptions of his prowess in various fields ( `` who has played the male lead in over 50 postcards '' , `` Minister Without Underpants to the Principality of Monte Carlo '' , or `` champion barbed-wire hurdler until his tragic accident '' ) . On one occasion , he is introduced as `` Count ` Serge ' Moriarty '' ; when Seagoon enquires `` Serge ? '' , Grytpype replies , `` Only because he ca n't afford flannels '' . In `` The Missing Battleship '' , Grytpype introduces him enthusiastically as `` Count Jim ` Bilge ! ' Moriarty '' ; however , due to undisclosed problems this was unaccompanied by any sound effect , and was punctuated anti-climatically by an embarrassed `` Oww '' from Moriarty seconds afterward .   Although his surname is pronounced ( -LSB- ˌmɔriˈɑrti -RSB- ) , Grytpype-Thynne would pronounce it -LSB- məˈraɪ.əti -RSB- if he was in a bad way or if he thought Milligan was overacting his part .   There is also some suggestion that the character is a parody of the Sherlock Holmes villain , Professor Moriarty . In The Hound of the Baskervilles According to Spike Milligan , a preface by Milligan explains that Sherlock `` did not stay dead for long '' , and after chasing him up a mountain did in fact kill Professor Moriarty , but he `` later became a character in The Goon Show '' .   Moriarty , Count Jim

neg: Jim Palmer (basketball) James G. `` Jim '' Palmer ( June 8 , 1933 -- September 16 , 2013 ) was an American professional basketball player . Palmer was selected in the 1957 NBA Draft ( second round , 12th overall ) by the St. Louis Hawks .   He played collegiately at the University of Dayton from 1954 to 1957 before embarking on his professional basketball career . His first stop was in the National Industrial Basketball League playing for the Peoria Cats . After one season , Palmer moved on to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) in which he played the next three seasons , splitting his career between the Cincinnati Royals and New York Knicks . In his final year of professional ball , Palmer played in the American Basketball League .   Palmer died on September 16 , 2013 .

neg: Jim "Dandy" Mangrum James Mangrum , better known as Jim `` Dandy '' Mangrum ( born March 30 , 1948 ) , is the lead singer and frontman for the American Southern rock band Black Oak Arkansas . He is noted for his raspy voice , long hair , and wild , sexually-explicit stage antics which sometimes included miming sex with a warshboard which he often uses to accompany his singing . His stage persona is credited as having been a major influence on Van Halen vocalist David Lee Roth .

neg: Jim Romagna James `` Jim '' Romagna ( born 1970 ) is an American bodybuilder , and also a fitness model .   From 1989 to 1992 he studied English at Loras College . He also played football and ran track at Loras . After college , he was actively devoted to the game of rugby and martial arts , but soon began a bodybuilding career . After his debut in 1994 , attended the above twenty-four competitions , including Musclemania and the Team Universe . In 2000 , at the NPC Los Angeles Championships he was placed at third position as a drug-free competitor in a non-tested competition . On June 19 , 2004 , during the NPC Junior National Championships , he took fourteenth place .   In 2006 he appeared on the cover of the March issue of Muscle & Fitness magazine . Session repeated in June next year .   He currently lives in Dubuque , Iowa , where he is an instructor of Health Wellness and Recreation at the University of Dubuque . He 's also a personal trainer , and writes columns for various sports magazines such as Muscle & Fitness . Natural Fit Inc. owner .   In the summer of 2010 , Jim was interviewed by freelance writer Rod Labbe for Men 's Workout magazine . The interview , entitled `` The Hunk Next Door , '' saw print in their November 2010 issue .

neg: Jim Selman James C. `` Jim '' Selman ( born February 7 , 1942 ) is an American consultant , coach , and author .   Born in Oklahoma City , Selman received his B.A. from the University of Oklahoma in 1965 , where he majored in social psychology and philosophy .   Selman is described as being `` in the forefront in helping major companies embrace the concept '' of `` contextual management '' . He formed Selman & Associates in 1976 , and `` began research into the nature of culture and large-scale systems change '' . In 1984 , he partnered with Werner Erhard to form Transformational Technologies , a consulting and training franchise operation , which served as the corporate division of Werner Erhard & Associates , with Selman as its first president . In his capacity there , he was noted to have said of his philosophy of management , `` when we talk management technology , what we are talking about is a rigorously tested and challenged body of distinction for having access to whatever the phenomenon of management really is '' .   In October 1987 , Selman moderated a televised broadcast that featured Werner Erhard in discussion with top sports coaches John Wooden , Red Auerbach , Timothy Gallwey and George Allen discussing principles of coaching across all disciplines . They sought to identify distinctions found in coaching , regardless of the subject being coached . In 1989 , with the late Professor Roger Evered ( U.S. Naval Graduate School at Monterrey ) , Selman documented the outcome in the first article on organizational coaching , titled `` Coaching and the Art of Management '' . In another article , `` Leadership and Innovation : Relating to Circumstances and Change '' , Selman identifies six ways of responding to change .   Selman was described as `` an enormously powerful man with a deep voice and a way of speaking that held people 's attention and inspired confidence '' . Selman & Associates became Paracomm Partners International in 1988 , which is active to present date . Jim Selman is the host and co-producer with Phyllis Haynes of the podcast and web program Possible Futures , conversations and commentary to explore ideas and decision making and their relationship to possible futures .

neg: Jim King (saxophonist) Jim King ( born Alec Woodburn ; 5 May 1942 in Kettering , Northamptonshire , England -- 6 February 2012 in Middlewich , England ) was an original member of the British rock band Family . He played saxophone and harmonica , and sang occasional lead vocals on the band 's first two albums , Music in a Doll 's House and Family Entertainment . King also sang the entire lead vocal on `` Observations From a Hill '' , a song on the latter album .   Jim , as he became known , formed James King and the Farinas ( later just The Farinas ) , a blues based rock and roll group , with guitarist Charlie Whitney in Leicester in 1962 . He sang the lead vocal on the group 's single `` You Better Stop '' b/w `` I Like it Like That '' . When Roger Chapman joined as vocalist in 1966 , the group had begun to perform under the name The Roaring Sixties . The name Family was decided upon later .   Jim left Family in October 1969 due to health issues and the usual ` musical disagreements ' . As well as session work for Dave Mason and Gordon Jackson , he joined jazz-rock band Ring Of Truth for a brief period , doing a few gigs , then concentrated on composing and playing solo concerts , mostly classical sax with some jazz . In February 2012 , he died while living in Cheshire  .

neg: Jim Dent (author) Harry James `` Jim '' Dent ( born 1953 ) is an American author and sportswriter . He wrote The Junction Boys , a New York Times best-selling book about Bear Bryant 's Junction Boys , Twelve Mighty Orphans : The Inspiring True Story of the Mighty Mites Who Ruled Texas Football , and The Kids Got It Right : How the Texas All-Stars Kicked Down Racial Walls . The Junction Boys was adopted as an ESPN movie with the same name in 2002 . He covered the NFL 's Dallas Cowboys as a sportswriter for 11 years . In 2003 , Dent was sentenced to eight years in prison under a plea agreement with Brazos County prosecutors for violating his drunk driving probation . In 2015 , Dent was sentenced to ten years in prison after jumping bail following his tenth conviction for drunk driving .

neg: James Erb James `` Jim '' Brian Erb ( January 25 , 1926 -- November 11 , 2014 ) was an American composer , arranger , musicologist , and conductor . The founding conductor of the Richmond Symphony Chorus , Erb led that chorus from 1971 to 2007 while also directing chorus activities at the University of Richmond , where he was for a while chair of the music department . Erb is most broadly known for his arrangement of the folk song `` Shenandoah '' , and among musicologists of the Renaissance for his work on the magnificats of Orlando di Lasso published by Bärenreiter .

neg: Za Gaman was a Japanese television show from the 1980s . It is not particularly well known or remembered in Japan , but it became famous in other countries , particularly Britain , due to its appearance on the British television program Clive James on Television , and subsequently Tarrant on TV under the name Endurance .   The program was a version of an activity at Japanese universities , the gaman taikai or `` endurance contest '' , where students try to outdo each other in withstanding unpleasant experiences . The TV programme featured teams from `` name '' universities such as Keio University who were subjected to various unpleasant ordeals such as being buried up to the neck in sand or licked by reptiles . The winner was the person who endured the longest .   Short segments of the program were used in the British television shows , which humorously examined television programs from around the world . Following Clive James on Television , clips from the now-defunct show were also used in the nineties in Tarrant on TV . A very short-lived British version of the show was also created , hosted by Paul Ross , but it did not feature the extreme conditions of the original program . Only two series of the British version were produced for Challenge TV which first aired from 1997 to 1998 , and it was not a success .   The use of the clips on the Clive James show created some controversy , with some Japanese feeling that the show was unrepresentative , and some British former prisoners-of-war of the Japanese also complained about the contents . Clive James went on to write a novel Brrm ! Brrm ! , with a Japanese lead character , Akira Suzuki , who was made fun of by his British friends using the word `` endurance '' .   This program made the Guinness Book of World Records for `` Most Extreme Game Show '' .

neg: Jim Mendiola Jim Mendiola ( born in San Antonio , Texas , U.S. ) is a Los Angeles based writer/director . His award-winning film Pretty Vacant ( 33 min. , 16mm , 1996 ) , about a Sex Pistols obsessed Chicana punk rocker , has screened in numerous film festivals , museums , and colleges in the U.S. and Mexico , including South By Southwest ( Best Narrative Short ) , the Havana International Film Festival , and the Guggenheim Museum .   During Mendiola 's Artpace residency in 2001 , he collaborated with artist Ruben Ortiz Torres to create `` Ozzy Goes to the Alamo , '' which the duo claims to be `` the world 's first Chicano 3-D movie . '' Mendiola wrote and directed the one-hour movie Come and Take It Day ( PBS national broadcast , 2002 ) starring Jacob Vargas and Jesse Borrego . Mendiola 's first feature film , a rock and roll digital movie called Speeder Kills ( 2003 ) starring Amalia Ortiz and Xelina Flores , has screened at various film festivals across the country and was nationally broadcast on SíTV in the Spring of 2005 . His script , `` All the Young Dudes , '' was chosen for participation in the 2004 IFP Screenwriter 's Lab and is currently in development . In addition , Mendiola is writing a screen adaptation of the Sandra Cisneros short story , `` Bien Pretty . ''   A 1997 Rockefeller Intercultural Media Fellow , Mendiola is a regular contributor on television , soap operas and all things Latino and pop for the San Francisco Bay Guardian and other publications . His favorite band is Bon Scott-era AC/DC and his favorite album The Clash 's `` London Calling . ''

neg: Jim E. Mora James Ernest Mora ( born May 24 , 1935 ) is a former American football coach who was the head coach of the New Orleans Saints and Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League ( NFL ) . His tenure with the Saints spanned eleven seasons and he coached the Colts for four seasons . Mora also coached the Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars of the United States Football League ( USFL ) during its three years of existence and led the team to all three championship games , winning two .   As an NFL head coach , he was known for turning the Saints and the Colts , two of its consistently losing franchises , into perennial postseason contenders . However , his reputation was affected by his lack of success in the NFL playoffs and impassioned postgame tirades and press conferences , including his oft-quoted `` Coulda , Woulda , Shoulda , '' `` You Will Never Know , '' `` Diddly Poo , '' and `` Playoffs ? '' rants . In contrast to his league titles in the USFL , Mora never won a postseason NFL game . He holds the NFL record for career regular-season wins ( 125 ) without a playoff victory . His son Jim L. Mora is a former NFL head coach and the current head coach at UCLA .

neg: Jim Ramsey James McNair `` Jim '' Ramsey ( born 20 June 1961 ) is an Anglo-American singer-songwriter and recording artist who emerged as part of the Chattanooga , Tennessee music scene in the 1990s . He is known for his romantic , spiritually conscious folk-rock which blends British progressive rock and American pop influences and for his critically acclaimed album , On the Dying Breath of Wisdom .

neg: The Colgate Sports Newsreel The Colgate Sports Newsreel was a radio program focusing on sports . It has been called `` one of the most successful and most listened-to shows in radio history '' and `` one of radio broadcasting 's most entertaining and engaging programs . '' However , much of the information reported as fact was actually fiction .   The program was first broadcast in October 1939 , on NBC Blue . Although Colgate dropped its sponsorship in June 1951 , the show continued on NBC as Bill Stern 's Sports Newsreel through September 1953 . It then switched to ABC , where it ran until June 1956 . During World War II , the Newsreel was among the programs that NBC rebroadcast by transcription to members of the United States armed forces stationed abroad .   Bill Stern , the star , made the program memorable with his enthusiastic , dramatized delivery . He was already both the narrator of MGM 's News of the Day newsreels , and a sports announcer . Thus , the format of this program came naturally .   For most of its run , the show was sponsored by Colgate brushless shave cream . The opening theme `` was sung in barbershop quartet style to the tune of Mademoiselle from Armentieres '' and mentioned the sponsoring product prominently . Although the singing group was not named in the program , a news brief announcing the show 's launch in 1939 identified it as the Armchair Quartette . The theme 's lyrics varied a bit over the years , but the basic form was as follows :  Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man is on the air .  Bill Stern the Colgate shave-cream man with stories rare .  Take his advice and you 'll look keen .  You 'll get a shave that 's smooth and clean .  You 'll be a Colgate brushless fan .   From September 14 , 1953 , through December 10 , 1954 , Budweiser sponsored the program . Its final sponsor was Allstate , from December 13 , 1954 through June 22 , 1956 .

neg: Miliaria Miliaria ( -LSB- ˌmɪl.iˈɛər.i.ə -RSB- also called `` sweat rash '' , `` heat rash '' or `` prickly heat '' ) is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes . Miliaria is a common ailment in hot and humid conditions , such as in the tropics and during the summer season . Although it affects people of all ages , it is especially common in children and infants due to their underdeveloped sweat glands .


query: Saw VI was distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment.

pos: Saw VI Saw is a 2009 American horror film directed by Kevin Greutert from a screenplay written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan . It is the sixth installment in the seven -- part Saw franchise and stars Tobin Bell , Costas Mandylor , Betsy Russell , Mark Rolston , Peter Outerbridge , and Shawnee Smith . It was produced by Mark Burg and Oren Koules of Twisted Pictures and distributed by Lionsgate .   Saw continues the franchise 's focus on the posthumous effects of the Jigsaw Killer and the progression of his successor , Mark Hoffman . In this film , Hoffman sets a series of traps for an insurance executive , William Easton , and his employees . Meanwhile , the FBI trails Peter Strahm , now suspected of being Jigsaw 's last accomplice , and Hoffman is drawn into motion to protect his secret identity .   Greutert , who served as editor for all the previous Saw films , made his directorial debut with Saw . Melton and Dunstan , the writers for both Saw and Saw , returned to write the screenplay and Charlie Clouser , who provided the score for all previous Saw films , composed the score . Filming took place in Toronto from March to May 2009 with a budget of $ 11 million .   The film was released in New Zealand and Australia on October 22 , 2009 , and October 23 , 2009 in the United States and Canada . In Spain it was the first film to receive a Película X rating for violence ( a rating usually reserved for pornographic films ) ; the rating restricted screenings to eight select theaters in that country . It was released almost a year later on October 8 , 2010 in Spain with an `` 18 '' rating , after the producers had the offensive content edited out , according to the rating board . With gross receipts of $ 14 million in its opening weekend , Saw placed second to Paranormal Activity $ 21 million . Saw went on to gross over $ 68 million worldwide , the lowest-grossing Saw film to date , but still a financial success compared to its small budget . Reviews were mixed , with some criticizing the acting and others praising Greutert 's directing .

pos: Lionsgate Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation , doing business as Lionsgate , is an American , Canadian-domiciled entertainment & media company . The company was formed on July 10 , 1997 , in Vancouver , British Columbia , and is currently headquartered in Santa Monica , California .   In addition to its well-known Lionsgate Films division , which generated the seventh-highest gross revenue in North America in 2015 , the company contains other divisions such as Lionsgate Television and Lionsgate Interactive . It owns a variety of subsidiaries such as the American film production company Summit Entertainment , and Debmar-Mercury , a television syndication company acquired by Lionsgate in 2006 .

neg: Morgan Creek Productions Morgan Creek Productions is an American film studio that has released box-office hits including Young Guns , Dead Ringers , Major League , True Romance , Ace Ventura : Pet Detective , The Crush , Robin Hood : Prince of Thieves and The Last of the Mochicans . The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth . Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO . He has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations .   In October 2014 , Morgan Creek sold the international distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios . In September 2015 , Morgan Creek began negotiating the sale of rights for the remaining territories , though they will retain remake and TV rights to the Ace Ventura , Major League , Young Guns , and Exorcist franchises . Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library , via Revolution Studios . The domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library ( with the exception of Young Guns , which still stand with Lionsgate/Vestron Video ) , have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout ! Factory .

neg: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film .   TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .

neg: Saw (video game) Saw , also known as Saw : The Video Game , is a survival horror video game that was developed by Zombie Studios and published by Konami . The game launched on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles , with a downloadable version released soon after for the Microsoft Windows platform . The game was first released on October 6 , 2009 , in North America and was released later that year in other regions . The Microsoft Windows version was released on October 22 , 2009 . Being a tie-in game of the Saw film series , the game is set between the first and second films .   In Saw , The Jigsaw Killer has healed Detective David Tapp from his gunshot wound , and places him in an abandoned insane asylum to teach him a lesson in life appreciation . Obsessed , Tapp traverses the asylum and gathers clues along the way in hopes of finally apprehending Jigsaw . As he progresses through the asylum , he encounters several people with past and current connections to him , whom he must save . The asylum also has inhabitants who are in games of their own , ordered to kill Tapp . Along the way , Tapp uncovers the origins of Jigsaw and the motives behind his tests . The development team brought in the Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell to help with the storyline and create new trap designs exclusive to the game .   Upon release , Saw received mixed reviews . It was praised for the storyline and multiple endings , as well as the immersive environment that is true to the Saw film series . The controls and combat system , however , were panned by critics . Since Konami purchased the publishing rights after former publisher Brash Entertainment went bankrupt , Konami had a significant input on the games ' final outcome . They stated that they had plans to make Saw their next big franchise as well as a spiritual successor to their other survival horror series , Silent Hill . A sequel , Saw II : Flesh & Blood , was released on multiple platforms on October 19 , 2010 .

neg: Enoki Films is a producer of anime based in the Enoki Building in Shinjuku , Tokyo .   Enoki Films also had a North American division , established in 1986 , headquartered in the Encino area of Los Angeles , California , United States called Enoki Films USA , Inc. . Enoki Films USA acted as a middle-man between Japanese companies and American licensees such as 4Kids Entertainment and Saban . In May 2007 it was announced that their content would also be provided as video on demand by Internet startup ReelTime.com ( worldwide except Japan ) .   As of 2002 Enoki licenses anime but sub-licenses its licenses to various distributors instead of distributing them directly . Anime News Network wrote that `` They generally only license TV shows that they hope to also license to TV broadcasters such as Cartoon Network , ABC Family and Fox Kids . ''   Some of the anime productions that were listed on Enoki 's website are under alternate names and may list characters under different names as well . In many cases , when sub-licensed to anime home video companies , the original titles and character names have been restored . Enoki 's translations of episode titles and scenarios may also be different than what may be on the official release .   If Enoki 's series ' had a separate movie or direct-to-video production , it is usually not licensed by Enoki , and the film or direct-to-video production may be licensed to a separate company than the series ( as is the case with the Slayers movies and OVAs and the Utena movie ) .   As of 2016 , Enoki Films ' North American division is now defunct , since it bought its operations to an end in 2010 .

neg: Premier Asia Premier Asia was a UK DVD distribution company , operating between the years 2003 - 2008 . It was owned by Contender Entertainment Group until the summer of 2007 when Contender was purchased by Entertainment One . Premier Asia is the sister company of Hong Kong Legends , and whilst that company specialised only in Hong Kong films , Premier Asia encompassed films from all of the major film making centres of Asia ( outside of mainland China ) , specifically Japan , South Korea and Thailand .   In keeping with the Hong Kong Legends DVD format , many of the earlier releases included audio commentaries from Hong Kong cinema expert , producer and screenwriter Bey Logan , he is here partnered for many releases with Asian cinema expert Mike Leeder .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country is a 1991 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures . It is the sixth feature film based on Star Trek , and a sequel to the 1966 -- 1969 Star Trek television series . Taking place after the events of Star Trek V : The Final Frontier , it is the last film featuring the entire cast of the original series . After the destruction of the Klingon moon Praxis leads the Klingon Empire to pursue peace with their long-time adversary the Federation , the crew of the USS Enterprise must race against unseen conspirators with a militaristic agenda .   The sixth film in the series was initially planned as a prequel to the original series , with younger actors portraying the crew of the Enterprise while attending Starfleet Academy , but the idea was discarded because of negative reaction from the original cast and the fans . Faced with producing a new film in time for Star Trek 's 25th anniversary , Nicholas Meyer , the director of Star Trek II : The Wrath of Khan , and Denny Martin Flinn wrote a script based on a suggestion from Leonard Nimoy about what would happen if `` the Wall came down in space '' , touching on the contemporary events of the Cold War .   Principal photography took place between April and September 1991 . The production budget was smaller than anticipated because of the critical and commercial disappointment of The Final Frontier . Because of a lack of sound stage space on the Paramount lot , many scenes were filmed around Hollywood . Meyer and cinematographer Hiro Narita aimed for a darker and more dramatic mood , subtly altering sets originally used for the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . Producer Steven-Charles Jaffe led a second unit that filmed on an Alaskan glacier that stood in for a Klingon gulag . Cliff Eidelman produced the film 's score , which is intentionally darker than previous Star Trek offerings .   The film was released in North America on December 6 , 1991 . The Undiscovered Country garnered positive reviews , with publications praising the lighthearted acting and facetious references . The film performed strongly at the box office . It posted the largest opening weekend gross of the series before going on to earn $ 96,888,996 worldwide . The film earned two Academy Award nominations , for Best Makeup and Best Sound Effects , and is the only Star Trek movie to win the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film . A special collectors ' edition DVD version of the film was released in 2004 , to which Meyer had made minor alterations . Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry died shortly before the movie 's premiere , just days after viewing the film . The film marked the final appearance together of the original series ' cast .

neg: Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. .   Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. .   Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .

neg: Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film .   Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally .   Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors .   Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .

neg: Ubisoft Motion Pictures Ubisoft Motion Pictures is a division of the French global video game publisher and developer Ubisoft . It is a film and television production company responsible for the adaptations ' creative control of their games .

neg: Space Squad is a set of two V-Cinema movies , first released in Japanese theaters in June 17 , 2017 while DVD and Blu-Ray releases were made on separate dates . It features the crossover between 2012 Metal Hero Series movie Space Sheriff Gavan : The Movie and the twenty-eighth Super Sentai Series entry Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger , both works are distributed by Toei Company . In addition , past actors from Metal Hero Series are also set to appear as guests in the films .   Both director Koichi Sakamoto and writer Naruhisa Arakawa previously worked in Space Sheriffs : Next Generation . Another work from Space Sheriff Gavan was planned since 2015 but production was moved to 2016 due to Sakamoto 's scheduling conflicts .

neg: Rocky III Rocky III is a 1982 American sports drama film written , directed by , and starring Sylvester Stallone . It is the third installment in the Rocky film series , and the second in the franchise to be directed by Stallone .   The movie features returning co-stars Carl Weathers , Burgess Meredith , Talia Shire and Burt Young . Rocky III also marks the film debuts of Mr. T as James `` Clubber '' Lang , and of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan as the supporting character `` Thunderlips '' .   Rocky III is the first installment in the series to be distributed by MGM/UA rather than United Artists alone . In 1980 , United Artists , who owned the rights to the Rocky films , made Heaven 's Gate , a film which cost $ 44 million and made only $ 3 million . In response , United Artists ' owner , Transamerica , sold United Artists to MGM , forming MGM/UA in 1981 .   The film 's main theme , `` Eye of the Tiger '' , was written by the group Survivor and became a smash hit single , topping the U.S. Billboard charts and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song .

neg: List of Criterion Collection UK releases This is a list of Criterion Collection Blu-ray titles released in U.K. , distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment .   The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company which specializes in licensing and selling `` important classic and contemporary films '' in `` editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning , original supplements . '' Janus Films and the Voyager Company established The Criterion Collection in 1984 as a privately held company concentrating upon the North American home video market . In March 2016 , Criterion announced that due to a distribution partnership with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment select Criterion Collection titles would be launching in U.K. as Blu-ray editions , starting on April 18 , 2016 .   So far all the released titles have been films that have already been released in US by Criterion Collection , or that have received simultaneous releases in the US and U.K. . So far all the released titles have been identical to their US counterparts apart from region coding ( A in the US and B in U.K. ) .

neg: Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before .   At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run .   As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .

neg: Saw V (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Saw V ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) is the soundtrack for the film Saw V '' .

neg: List of Square Enix video game franchises Square Enix is a Japanese video game development and publishing company formed from the merger of video game developer Square and publisher Enix on April 1 , 2003 . The company is best known for its role-playing video game franchises , which include the Final Fantasy series , the Dragon Quest series , and the action role-playing Kingdom Hearts series . Since its inception , the company has developed or published hundreds of titles in various video game franchises on numerous gaming systems . Of its properties , the Final Fantasy franchise is the best-selling , with a total worldwide sales of over 110 million units . The Dragon Quest series has shipped over 66 million units worldwide and is one of the most popular video game series in Japan , while the Kingdom Hearts series has shipped over 22 million copies worldwide .   Square Enix has owned Taito , which continues to publish its own video games , since September 2005 , and acquired game publisher Eidos Interactive in April 2009 , which was merged with Square Enix 's European publishing wing and renamed as Square Enix Europe . This list includes franchises in which Square Enix , or its original components Square and Enix , or its subsidiaries , were the primary developer or publisher , even if the series was begun prior to the subsidiary 's acquisition . Franchises are defined as any set of interconnected media consisting of more than one release , and video game franchises are defined as franchises which were initially created as a video game or series of video games .   For a list of all individual games developed or published by Square Enix , see the list of Square Enix video games and mobile games . For games released before the merger , see the Square and Enix video games . For games released by Taito , both before and after the acquisition , see the list of Taito games , and for games published by Eidos prior to acquisition see the list of Eidos games .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Xseed Games Xseed Games is an American video game publishing , localization , and distribution company founded as a subsidiary of the Japanese Marvelous group . Their goal is to bring high-quality interactive entertainment to the North American market . They provide sales services for video games and related materials , as well as marketing support services mainly for Japanese corporations looking to market general consumer goods .

neg: Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota .   The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video .   The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment .   On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray .  On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .

neg: Social Capital Entertainment Social Capital Entertainment is an American film production company involved in film , music and interactive entertainment . The company was founded in 2004 by producer and real estate investor Martin Shore together with Jonathan Platt and Jonathan Miller .   Social Capital produced and financed the psychological thriller , Tell Tale , together with Ridley and Tony Scott . Tell Tale starred Josh Lucas , Lena Heady and Brian Cox , and was directed by Michael Cuesta ( L.I.E. , Dexter ) . They are soon to release 2001 Maniacs : Field of Screams , the sequel to 2001 Maniacs , the 2005 Social Capital horror film .   Other previous films include the period drama The Countess ( Julie Delpy 's follow-up to 2 Days in Paris ) and Snoop Dogg 's Hood of Horror ( Lionsgate ) . The company has also produced soundtracks for such films as Saw ( Lionsgate ) , Saw II ( Lionsgate ) , Rize ( Lionsgate ) and Rock School ( Newmarket ) , as well as for television series including Summerland .


query: Poland is the 17th most visited country in the world.

pos: Poland Poland ( Polska -LSB- ˈpɔlska -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( -LSB- Rzeczpospolita Polska , links = no -RSB- , ) , is a parliamentary republic in Central Europe . Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312679 km2 with a mostly temperate climate . With a population of over 38.5 million people , Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest city is Warsaw . Other cities include Kraków , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk and Szczecin .   The establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented a longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe with a uniquely liberal political system which declared Europe 's first constitution .   Following the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century , Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles . In September 1939 , World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany , followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact . More than six million of Poland 's citizens died in the war . After World War II , the Polish People 's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence . In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989 , most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement , Poland established itself as a democratic republic .   Poland is the eighth largest and one of the most dynamic economies in the European Union , simultaneously achieving a `` very high '' ranking on the Human Development Index . Additionally , the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe . Poland is a developed and democratic country , with a high-income economy , and a very high standard of living . It also ranks very highly in education , safety and economic freedom . According to the World Bank , Poland has one of the best educational systems in Europe , placing it among the most educated nations . The country provides free university education , state-funded social security and a universal health care system for all citizens . Situated between Eastern and Western European cultures and coined by a changing history , Poland developed a rich cultural heritage , including numerous historical monuments and 14 UNESCO World Heritage Sites . It is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year ( 2014 ) , making it the 16th most visited country in the world . Poland is a member state of the European Union , the Schengen Area , the United Nations , NATO and the OECD .

neg: Poles in Lithuania The Polish minority in Lithuania '' ' numbered 200,317 persons , according to the Lithuanian census of 2011 , or 6.6 % of the total population of Lithuania . It is the largest ethnic minority in the country and the second largest Polish diaspora group among the post-Soviet states . Poles are concentrated in the Vilnius Region .   People of Polish ethnicity have lived in the territory of modern Lithuania for many centuries . The relationship between the two groups has been long and complex . Their countries were united during the era of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth , but both nations lost their independence after the Commonwealth was partitioned in the late 18th century . Both nations regained their independence in the wake of World War I , but hostilities over the ownership of Vilnius and the surrounding region broke out in 1920 . The disputes became politically moot after the Soviet Union exercised its authority over both countries during and immediately after World War II . Some tensions over the Vilnius Region resurfaced after Lithuania regained its independence in 1990 , but have since remained at manageable levels . Poland was highly supportive of Lithuanian independence , and became one of the first countries to recognise independent Lithuania , despite apprehensions over Lithuania 's treatment of its Polish minority .

neg: Lednica 2000 The Poland-wide Youth Meeting Lednica 2000 ( known as Lednica ) is an annual gathering of Polish Catholic youth , organized near Gniezno in Pola Lednickie ( near the Lednica lake , which is believed to be the place where the first Polish monarch , Mieszko I was baptized in 966 ) . It is the largest regular religious youth meeting in the world ( with exception of those attended by the Pope ) .   Lednica gatherings were initiated in 1997 by the Poznań-based Dominican friar Jan Góra . Since then , they are organized every year and always take place on the first Saturday of June .   Pope John Paul II sent an annual special message to participants of Lednica . This tradition was continued by his successor , Benedict XVI . After his papal resignation , the tradition is continued by pope Francis .

neg: List of Polish counties __ NOTOC __  The following is an alphabetical list of all 380 county-level entities in Poland .   A county or powiat ( pronounced povyat ) is the second level of Polish administrative division , between the voivodeship ( provinces ) and the gmina ( municipalities or communes ; plural `` gminy '' ) . The list includes the 314 `` land counties '' ( powiaty ziemskie ) and the 66 `` city counties '' ( miasta na prawach powiatu or powiaty grodzkie ) . For general information about these entities , see the article on powiats .   The following information is given in the list :  English name ( as used in Wikipedia )  Polish name ( does not apply to most city counties , since these are not translated ) . Note that sometimes two different counties have the same name in Polish ( for example , Brzeg County and Brzesko County both have the original name powiat brzeski ) .  County seat ( not given in the case of city counties , as the seat is simply the city itself ) . Note that sometimes the seat is not part of the county , being itself a separate city county ; in these cases the name of the seat is asterisked .  Voivodeship of which the county is a part .  Area in square kilometres .  Number of gminy into which the county is divided ( not given in the case of city counties , since these always constitute a single gmina ) .  Population ( according to official figures for 2006 ) .   For tables of counties by voivodeship , see the articles on the particular voivodeships ( Greater Poland Voivodeship etc. ) .    Counties  Poland , Counties  Poland 2  Counties , Poland  Category : LAU 1 statistical regions of the European Union

neg: Brno Brno ( -LSB- langpronˈbɜrnoʊ -RSB- -LSB- ˈbr̩no -RSB- , German : Brünn ) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic by population and area , the largest Moravian city , and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia . Brno is the administrative center of the South Moravian Region in which it forms a separate district ( Brno-City District ) . The city lies at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and has about 400,000 inhabitants ; its greater metropolitan area is home to more than 800,000 people while its larger urban zone had a population of about 730,000 in 2004 .   Brno is the seat of judicial authority of the Czech Republic -- it is the seat of the Constitutional Court , the Supreme Court , the Supreme Administrative Court , and the Supreme Public Prosecutor 's Office . The city is also a significant administrative centre . It is the seat of a number of state authorities , including the Ombudsman , and the Office for the Protection of Competition . Brno is also an important centre of higher education , with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher learning and about 89,000 students .   Brno Exhibition Centre ranks among the largest exhibition centres in Europe ( 23rd in the world ) . The complex opened in 1928 and established the tradition of large exhibitions and trade fairs held in Brno . Brno hosts motorbike and other races on the Masaryk Circuit , a tradition established in 1930 , in which the Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is one of the most prestigious races . Another cultural tradition is an international fireworks competition , Ignis Brunensis , that usually attracts tens of thousands of daily visitors .   The most visited sights of the city include the Špilberk castle and fortress and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Petrov hill , two medieval buildings that dominate the cityscape and are often depicted as its traditional symbols . The other large preserved castle near the city is Veveří Castle by Brno Reservoir . This castle is the site of a number of legends , as are many other places in Brno . Another architectural monument of Brno is the functionalist Villa Tugendhat which has been included on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . One of the natural sights nearby is the Moravian Karst .

neg: Commemorative coins of Poland: 2004 Poland has a rich selection of Gold and Silver commemorative coins . In the year 2004 coins were launched in the series : `` Animals of the World '' , `` Polish Kings and Princes '' , `` Polish Travelers and Explorer '' , `` The Polish Calendar of Traditional Customs and Rituals '' and `` Polish Painters of the Turn of 19th and 20th Centuries '' and various occasional coins .

neg: Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship The Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship , also known as Cuiavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship or simply Kujawsko-Pomorskie or Kujawy-Pomerania Province ( in Polish , województwo kujawsko-pomorskie -LSB- -LSB- - woje ` wuctfo-ku ` jafsk -RSB- -LSB- - -RSB- o-po ` morskJe -RSB- ) , is one of the 16 voivodeships ( provinces ) into which Poland is now divided . It is situated in mid-northern Poland , on the boundary between the two historic regions from which it takes its name : Kuyavia ( Kujawy ) and Pomerania ( Pomorze ) . Its two chief cities , serving as the province 's joint capitals , are Bydgoszcz and Toruń .

neg: Castles and Fortresses of Western Ukraine (Book) The book Castles and Fortresses of Western Ukraine was written by a Lviv historian Orestes Matsyuk , who spent more than 30 years of his life studying the castles and fortress of Ukraine . His aim when writing the novel was to make a complete brochure of all of Ukraine 's ancient castles . He recorded more than 5000 objects when making the book . The system of his work was to identify the news writes up of the archival building and printed sources , the gathering of old plans , photos , drawings , the installations of expeditionary field survey of current state of photographic images sights , which produces graphic reconstructions of monuments and prepared the printed catalogue .   The purpose of this popular book is to serve as a guidebook into history for tourists , lovers and collectors of antiques . It contains all the necessary information about the tourist attractions which are arranged in accordance with the proposed seven bus routes which covered Ivano-Frankivsk , Ternopil , Lviv , regions and other small areas that is adjacent to ( Dubno , Ostrog , Kamenetz-Podolsk , Hawtin ) , where one can visit . The interested reader can get acquainted with the famous monasteries , castles , churches , cathedrals and our ancient monuments . Page one of this book contains the mapping scheme of each route . The book is richly described with hundreds of unique black and white pictures ( the photograph are commonly old destroyed buildings ) and the images of reconstructed monuments . The best quality of image is used , which is only possible with an offset printing on plain paper . They are lists of recommended books , name and geographical indexes at the end of the book , which makes it a lot easier to navigate through the content .   One of the most intriguing slogans of the western Ukrainian fortress and castles stated that , `` it is impossible to be successful in the future with a clean slate in the past '' . The ancient castles had guardians of our history which were subjected to human impact and natural changes . Most of these castles and fortresses are still in good condition , while some are also ruin . There are around 20 functional monuments structure of kievan Rus and about 5000 castles . All the fortress and castle in Ukraine kept the legendary and romantics stories , detailed information about the beautiful princess , Cossacks , knights , magnates and the fingerprints culture of Poland , Russia Lithuania , Austria-Hungary , and Turkey `` movies stars '' , movies directors and producers were also retained .

neg: Polish presidential election, 2015 Presidential elections were held in Poland on 10 and 24 May 2015 . In the first round of voting , opposition Law and Justice ( PiS ) candidate Andrzej Duda received the greatest number of votes with a share of 34.76 % , followed by incumbent president Bronisław Komorowski ( with 33.77 % ) , who ran as an independent with the endorsement of the Civic Platform ( PO ) , which he had renounced his membership in after winning the 2010 elections . Independent candidate Paweł Kukiz came third with 20.80 % of the votes . As no candidate had received more than 50 % of the votes cast , a second round was held on 24 May between the two highest-placed candidates , Duda and Komorowski . This round was won by Duda with 51.5 % of the votes , to Komorowski 's 48.5 % . This was the closest presidential election in Polish history .   The victory of Duda 's Law and Justice party was one of the latest in a series of electoral victories for eurosceptic centre-right and right-wing parties in Europe . His party received strong support in the eastern half of the country closest to Ukraine and had campaigned on a platform of tax cuts , continued privatization , continued social welfare spending , anti-corruption , constitutional reform , increased military spending and closer ties to NATO , limited support of EU integration , and restrictions on abortion , euthanasia , legal recognition of same-sex couples and media portrayals of sex and violence .

neg: Demographics of France The demography of France is monitored by the Institut national d'études démographiques ( INED ) and the Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques ( INSEE ) . As of the 1 January 2017 , almost 67 million people lived in the French Republic ( 66,991,000 ) , including all the five overseas departments ( 2,132,000 ) , but excluding the overseas collectivities and territories ( 604,000 ) . 64,859,000 of these lived in Metropolitan France , the part of France located in Europe .   In March 2017 the population of France officially reached the 67 million mark . The 66 million mark was reached in the beginning of 2014 .   Between the years 2010 and 2017 the population of France grew from 64,613 million to 66,991 million or with about 2,4 million people for a span of 7 years , making France one of the fastest growing countries in Europe . The population of France is growing with 1 million people every 3 years . For an average annual growth of 340,000 people , or a grow rate of +0,6 % .   France was historically Europe 's most populous nation . During the Middle Ages , more than one quarter of Europe 's total population was French ; by the 17th century , this had decreased slightly to one fifth . By the beginning of the 20th century , other European nations , such as Germany and Russia , had caught up with and overtaken it . However , the country 's population sharply increased with the baby boom following World War II .   According to INSEE , since 2004 , 200,000 immigrants entered annually into the country . One out of two was born in Europe and one in three in Africa . Between 2009 and 2012 , the number of Europeans entering France increased sharply ( + 12 % per year on average ) .   The national birth rate , after dropping for a time , began to rebound in the 1990s and currently the country 's fertility rate is close to the replacement level . According to a 2006 INSEE study , `` The natural increase is close to 300,000 people , a level that has not been reached in more than thirty years . ''   Among the 802,000 newborns in metropolitan France in 2010 , 80.1 % had two French parents , 13.3 % had one French parent , and 6.6 % had two non-French parents . For the same year , 27.3 % of newborns in metropolitan France had at least one foreign-born parent and 23.9 % had at least one parent born outside of Europe ( parents born in overseas territories are considered as born in France ) . Between 2006 and 2008 , about 40 % of newborns in France had one foreign-born grandparent ( 11 % born in another European country , 16 % born in the Maghreb and 12 % born in another region of the world ) .   Racial and ethnic censuses have been banned by the French government since 1978 , since the term `` race '' in France invokes associations with Nazi Germany .

neg: Ministries of Poland The ministries of Poland are the various departments performing functions implemented by the Polish government . Each ministry is headed by a governmental minister selected by the Prime Minister , who sits in the collective executive Council of Ministers . The current competences and regulations of the ministries were established under a series of central administrative reforms carried out by prime ministers Józef Oleksy and Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz between 1996 and 1997 . Under legal regulations , the cabinet can create , combine , or dissolve ministries , with the Prime Minister determining the scope and responsibilities of ministers . The number and range of ministries has varied throughout the past .   As of 2015 , seventeen codified ministries exist within the government . The following departments discharge executive functions under the Cabinet of Ewa Kopacz .

neg: Georgia–Poland relations Georgia -- Poland relations refers to foreign relations between Georgia and Poland . Both countries established diplomatic relation on 28 April 1992 . Georgia has an embassy in Warsaw . Poland has an embassy in Tbilisi .   Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe .   The documented ties between Georgia and Poland reach back to the 15th century , when the Georgian ( Kartlian ) King Konstantin sent a diplomatic mission to the Polish King Alexander Jagiellon . Later , Polish King Jan III Sobieski tried to establish contacts with Georgia . Many Georgians participated in military campaigns led by Poland in the 17th century . Bogdan Gurdziecki , a Georgian , who was the greatest authority on all things Persian working in the Polish king 's diplomatic service , made frequent diplomatic trips to Persia , on which he obtained , among other things , guarantees upholding earlier privileges for missionaries . Already during the rule of King Jan Kazimierz , he sent on missions to Isfahan , and King Jan III Sobieski availed himself of Gurdziecki 's talents in like manner ( in 1668 , 1671 , 1676 -- 1678 , in 1682 -- 1684 , and in 1687 ) . Gurdziecki remained at the court of the shah for several years in the capacity of special resident and representative of the Polish king ; it was he who delivered to the shah Suleiman news about the victory of the Christian forces at Vienna ( 1683 ) .   During the brief period of Georgian independence in 1920 , Poland and Georgia had established good relations and signed a short-lived alliance .   During the War in South Ossetia in 2008 , Poland strongly supported Georgia . The President of Poland , Lech Kaczyński , flew to Tbilisi along with other Eastern European presidents to rally against the Russian military buildup and subsequent military conflict .   After several attacks on the Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website , the Polish president allowed the Georgian MFA to publish its messages on his website .

neg: National Museum, Warsaw The National Museum in Warsaw ( Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie ) , popularly abbreviated as MNW , is a national museum in Warsaw , one of the largest museums in Poland and the largest in the capital . It comprises a rich collection of ancient art ( Egyptian , Greek , Roman ) , counting about 11,000 pieces , an extensive gallery of Polish painting since the 16th century and a collection of foreign painting ( Italian , French , Flemish , Dutch , German and Russian ) including some paintings from Adolf Hitler 's private collection , ceded to the Museum by the American authorities in post-war Germany . The museum is also home to numismatic collections , a gallery of applied arts and a department of oriental art , with the largest collection of Chinese art in Poland , comprising some 5,000 objects .   The Museum boasts the Faras Gallery with Europe 's largest collection of Nubian Christian art and the Gallery of Medieval Art with artefacts from all regions historically associated with Poland , supplemented by selected works created in other regions of Europe .

neg: List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia The UNESCO ( United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ) has designated 19 World Heritage Sites in six countries ( also called `` state parties '' ) of Central and North Asia : Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan and the Asian part of Russia . The European part of Russia is included in Eastern Europe .   Russia is home to the most inscribed sites with 7 sites , one of which is a transborder property shared with Mongolia in Eastern Asia . The first site from the region was the Itchan Kala in Uzbekistan inscribed in 1990 . Each year , UNESCO 's World Heritage Committee may inscribe new sites on the list , or delist sites that no longer meet the criteria . Selection is based on ten criteria : six for cultural heritage ( i -- vi ) and four for natural heritage ( vii -- x ) . Some sites , designated `` mixed sites , '' represent both cultural and natural heritage . In Northern and Central Asia , there are 11 cultural , 8 natural , and no mixed sites . All of the Russian sites ( 7 ) are natural and with the exception of Sayarka , all of the sites in Central Asia are cultural .   The World Heritage Committee may also specify that a site is endangered , citing `` conditions which threaten the very characteristics for which a property was inscribed on the World Heritage List . '' None of the sites in this region has ever been listed as endangered , but possible danger listing has been considered by UNESCO in a number of cases .

neg: Silesian Gorals Silesian Gorals ( Górale śląscy , Slezští Goralé , Cieszyn Silesian : Gorole ; literally `` highlanders '' ) are a Polish ethnographic group ( subgroup of both Gorals and Silesians ) living in Silesian Beskids and Moravian-Silesian Beskids within historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . They are one of the four major ethnographic groups of Cieszyn Silesia .   Vlach colonization of Silesian Beskids began in the late 15th century roughly at the time when Brenna was first mentioned in 1490 . It peaked in two following centuries . The group now shares a lot of cultural traits with other Gorals of Western Carpathians stemming from a common way of living from shepherding in mountainous pastures , but they are also characterised by various different cultural and spiritual elements like dialect , believes , customs , costume etc. .   Wincenty Pol in his survey of Gorals in the middle of the 19th century subdivided silesian Gorals into 4 groups :  Breniacy -- in Brenna .  Wiślanie -- in Wisła .  Jabłonkowianie ( Jablunkov Gorals ) -- exemplary Silesian Gorals living in mountainous villages around Jablunkov ( Polish : Jabłonków ) including Koniaków , Jaworzynka , Istebna , Bukovec ( Bukowiec ) , Mosty , Písek ( Piosek ) , Dolní and Horní Lomná ( Łomna Dolna i Górna ) .  Morawianie ( Moravians ) -- Gorals in the villages : Krásná , Morávka and Pražmo . Their dialect was transitional between the Polish and Czech language ( see also : Moravians and Lach dialects ) .   Gorolski Święto is an annual international cultural and folklore festival held in Jablunkov with a primary goal to present folklore of the local Gorals .

neg: List of Ambassadors of Poland to Russia Poland and Russia had exchanged diplomatic missions for centuries . The first ambassador in the modern meaning of this word , from Poland to Russia , was Antoni Augustyn Deboli , in late 18th century . After the period of partitions of Poland , in 1918 , relations were established between the Second Polish Republic and Soviet Union . After Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 those relations were broken , to be briefly reestablished in 1941 after the German invasion of the Soviet Union , when the Soviet Union and Polish government in exile agreed to cooperate against their common enemy , Nazi Germany . Those relations were broken in 1943 after discovery of the Katyn massacre . From that point onward , Soviet Union created its own puppet Polish government , which had its `` ambassadors '' in the Soviet Union . In 1989 the People 's Republic of Poland was transformed into the modern Poland ; in 1991 , Soviet Union was transformed into modern Russia .

neg: Janusz Kurtyka Janusz Marek Kurtyka ( 13 August 1960 -- 10 April 2010 ) was a Polish historian , and from December 2005 until his death in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash , the second president of the Institute of National Remembrance ( IPN ) .   Kurtyka was born in Kraków and obtained his degree in the History and Philosophy Department of the Jagiellonian University . He had been a historian at the Polish Academy of Sciences since 1985 where he specialized in Polish medieval and communist era history , modern history and historical methodology . He finished his PhD in 1995 and was habilitated in 2000 . He was a contributor to Wielka Encyklopedia PWN and Polski Słownik Biograficzny ( Polish Biographical Dictionary ) and the author of more than 140 academic publications .   In the People 's Republic of Poland , Kurtyka was a member of the democratic opposition to communism and an activist with the Independent Students Union and the trade union Solidarity . Between 1989 and 2000 he was the presidents of the Kraków office of Solidarity in the Historical Institute PAN .   After the Institute of National Remembrance ( a Polish government-affiliated research institute which investigates both Nazi and Communist crimes committed in Poland ) was created in 1998 , Kurtyka was the first president of its Kraków branch . In April 2005 he was recommended by the Board of the Institute for the position of the president and was approved by the Polish Sejm and Senate in December of that year . He took his oath of office on December 29 , 2005 .   In 2007 , Kurtyka was awarded the Ukrainian Order of Merit , third degree and in April 2009 he was awarded the Commander 's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta by the President of Poland , Lech Kaczynski .   Kurtyka was on the Tupolev Tu-154 flight of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński which crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Katyn , Russia , on April 10 , 2010 , killing all aboard .   Days before he died he called for `` the results of the Russian investigation into Katyn massacre to be declassified and for the Russian archives to be opened '' . The post which was left open by his death was considered particularly problematic due to the difficulty there would be in replacing him .   After a mass in the Saints Peter and Paul Church in Kraków he was buried in the Rakowicki Cemetery on April 23 , 2010 . On April 16 , 2010 , he was posthumously awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta .

neg: Grand Tour The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper class European young men of sufficient means and rank ( or those of more humble origin who could find a sponsor ) , as well as young women if they were also of sufficient means , and accompanied by a chaperone , such as other family members , when they had come of age ( about the age of 21 years old ) . The custom flourished from about 1660 , until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s , and was associated with a standard itinerary . It served as an educational rite of passage . Though primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry , similar trips were made by wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations , and from the second half of the 18th century , by some South and North Americans . The tradition declined with the lapse of neo-classical enthusiasm and after rail and steamship travel made the journeys much easier when Thomas Cook made the `` Cook 's Tour '' of early mass tourism a byword .   The New York Times in 2008 described the Grand Tour in this way :   The primary value of the Grand Tour , it was believed , lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance , and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent . In addition , it provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art , and possibly the only chance to hear certain music . A Grand Tour could last from several months to several years . It was commonly undertaken in the company of a Cicerone , a knowledgeable guide or tutor . The Grand Tour had more than superficial cultural importance ; as E. P. Thompson stated , `` ruling-class control in the 18th century was located primarily in a cultural hegemony , and only secondarily in an expression of economic or physical ( military ) power . '' The legacy of the Grand Tour lives on to the modern day and is still evident in works of travel and literature . From its aristocratic origins and the permutations of sentimental and romantic travel to the age of tourism and globalization , the Grand Tour still influences the destinations tourists choose and shapes the ideas of culture and sophistication that surround the act of travel .   In essence , the Grand Tour was neither a scholar 's pilgrimage nor a religious one , though a pleasurable stay in Venice and a cautious residence in Rome were essential . Catholic Grand Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs . Since the 17th century , a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques , though the trappings of the Grand Tour -- valets and coachmen , perhaps a cook , certainly a `` bear-leader '' or scholarly guide -- were beyond their reach . The advent of popular guides , such as the Richardsons ' , did much to popularise such trips , and following the artists themselves , the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage . For gentlemen , some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour : in Rome , antiquaries like Thomas Jenkins provided access to private collections of antiquities , among which enough proved to be for sale that the English market raised the price of such things , and for coins and medals , which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentleman 's guide to ancient history . Pompeo Batoni made a career of painting English milordi posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities . Many continued on to Naples , where they viewed Herculaneum and Pompeii , but few ventured far into southern Italy or Malta , and fewer still to Greece , still under Turkish rule .

neg: Belarusian minority in Poland Belarusian minority in Poland is composed of 47,000 people according to the Polish census of 2011 . This number decreased in the last decades from over 300,000 due to an active process of assimilation . Most of them live in the Podlaskie Voivodeship .   However , a small but unconfirmed Belarusian population is in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in western Poland . They may be assimilated in the Polish population , but Belarusian culture has not firmly disappeared in the whole of Poland since World War II .

neg: Categories of Polish rail stations In 2005 , the Department of Railroad Stations of the Polish State Railways divided the most important stations of the nation into four categories . These categories were named from A to D , based on number of passengers , visiting the stations annually .  Category A ( 16 stations ) - more than 2 million passengers annually ,  Category B ( 22 stations ) - between 1 and 2 million passengers annually ,  Category C ( 35 stations ) - between 300,000 - 1 million passengers annually ,  Category D ( 4 stations ) - fewer than 300,000 passengers annually .

neg: European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension .   Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale .   In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values .   The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far .   An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union .   A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .