query: Tiger Woods won a medal at a golf competition.

pos: Tiger Woods Eldrick Tont `` Tiger '' Woods ( born December 30 , 1975 ) is an American professional golfer who is among the most successful golfers of all time . He has been one of the highest-paid athletes in the world for several years .   Following an outstanding junior , college , and amateur career , Woods turned professional at the age of 20 , at the end of the summer in 1996 . By April 1997 he had already won his first major , the 1997 Masters . Woods won this tournament in a record-breaking performance , winning by 12 strokes while pocketing $ 486,000 . He first reached the number one position in the world rankings in June 1997 , after less than a year as a professional . Throughout the 2000s , Woods was the dominant force in golf ; from August 1999 to September 2004 ( 264 weeks ) and from June 2005 to October 2010 ( 281 weeks ) , Woods was the top-ranked men 's golfer in the world .   From December 2009 to early April 2010 , Woods took leave from professional golf to focus on his personal life after he admitted infidelity . Despite attempts at reconciliation , he and his wife Elin Nordegren eventually divorced . His many alleged extramarital indiscretions were revealed by several women , through many worldwide media sources . This was followed by a loss of golf form , and his ranking gradually fell to a low of No. 58 in November 2011 . He ended a career-high winless streak of 107 weeks when he triumphed in the Chevron World Challenge in December 2011 . After winning the Arnold Palmer Invitational on March 25 , 2013 , he ascended to the No. 1 ranking once again , holding the top spot until May 2014 . Woods had back surgery in April 2014 and September 2015 and has struggled since to regain his dominant form . By March 29 , 2015 , Woods had fallen to # 104 , outside of the top 100 for the first time since 1996 . In May 2016 , Woods dropped out of the world top 500 for the first time in his professional career .   Woods has broken numerous golf records . He has been World Number One for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any golfer . He has been awarded PGA Player of the Year a record eleven times , the Byron Nelson Award for lowest adjusted scoring average a record eight times , and has the record of leading the money list in ten different seasons .  He has won 14 professional major golf championships , the second-highest of any player ( Jack Nicklaus leads with 18 ) , and 79 PGA Tour events , second all time behind Sam Snead , who had 82 wins . He has more career major wins and career PGA Tour wins than any other active golfer . He is the youngest player to achieve the career Grand Slam , and the youngest and fastest to win 50 tournaments on tour . Additionally , Woods is only the second golfer ( after Nicklaus ) to have achieved a career Grand Slam three times . Woods has won 18 World Golf Championships , and won at least one of those events in each of the first 11 years after they began in 1999 . Woods and Rory McIlroy are the only golfers to win both The Silver Medal and The Gold Medal at The Open Championship .

neg: 1922 PGA Championship The 1922 PGA Championship was the fifth PGA Championship , held August 14 -- 18 at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont , Pennsylvania , a suburb northeast of Pittsburgh . The match play field of 64 competitors qualified by sectional tournaments . This was the first PGA Championship with a field of 64 in the bracket ; the previous four had fields of 32 players . In the Friday final , Gene Sarazen defeated Emmet French , 4 & 3 .   Sarazen , age 20 , also won the U.S. Open a month earlier near Chicago . Defending champion Walter Hagen did not enter this year due to exhibition engagements ; the two champions met the following year in the finals , won by Sarazen .   This was the first of eleven major championships at Oakmont ; three PGA Championships and eight U.S. Opens through 2013 . It has hosted the U.S. Amateur five times and the U.S. Women 's Open twice . The PGA Championship returned in 1951 and 1978 .   Sarazen was the first of four players in history to win the U.S. Open and the PGA Championship in the same calendar year . He was followed by Ben Hogan in 1948 and Jack Nicklaus in 1980 . Through 2012 , Tiger Woods is the last to win both , in 2000 , part of his Tiger Slam of four consecutive majors .

neg: 1969 Ryder Cup The 18th Ryder Cup Matches were held 18 -- 20 September 1969 at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport , England . The competition ended in a draw at 16 points each , when America 's Jack Nicklaus conceded a missable three-foot ( 0.9 m ) putt to Britain 's Tony Jacklin at the 18th hole , in one of the most famous gestures of sportsmanship in all of sport . It was the first draw in Ryder Cup history , and the United States team retained the Cup .   The matches were marred by considerable acrimony and unsportsmanlike behavior by players on both sides . Britain 's captain Eric Brown had instructed his players not to search for the opposition 's ball if it ended up in the rough . American Ken Still , in the first-day foursomes , had deliberately and regularly stood too close to Briton Maurice Bembridge as he was putting . During one of the fourballs on the second day , both captains had to come out and calm down the warring players . This led to Nicklaus conceding Jacklin 's final putt with the knowledge that the overall competition would end in a draw . On the previous hole , Jacklin sank a long eagle putt while Nicklaus missed his from 15 ft and the match was squared .   Jacklin had won the Open Championship two months earlier at nearby Royal Lytham & St Annes to become the first British champion in eighteen years . After holing his final putt for par , Nicklaus picked up Jacklin 's ball marker and told him , `` I do n't think you would have missed it , but I was n't going to give you the chance , either . ''   Playing in his first Ryder Cup at age 29 , Nicklaus ' gesture became known as `` the concession '' and marked the beginning of a lasting friendship between the two that has spanned nearly a half century . It was the inspiration for The Concession Golf Club in Florida near Sarasota , which was co-designed by Nicklaus and Jacklin . The two were opposing captains in the competition in 1983 and 1987 .   The U.S. team had only two players with previous Ryder Cup experience , Billy Casper and Gene Littler . On the previous four teams , Arnold Palmer did not participate in 1969 , but returned in 1971 and 1973 .

neg: 1980 Masters Tournament The 1980 Masters Tournament was the 44th Masters Tournament , held April 10 -- 13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia .   Seve Ballesteros , age 23 , won his first Masters and second major championship title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Jack Newton and Gibby Gilbert . Ballesteros had a seven stroke lead after 54 holes and extended it to ten strokes after the front nine of the final round at 16-under-par , eyeing the Masters record of 271 ( − 17 ) set by Jack Nicklaus in 1965 ( and equaled by Raymond Floyd in 1976 ) . A new record ( of 270 or lower ) was to be rewarded with a $ 50,000 bonus from Golf magazine . An hour later , after he found the water at 12 and 13 at Amen Corner , the lead had been reduced to three . Ballesteros regrouped with a birdie at 15 and parred the rest to shoot even-par 72 for the round and held on for the victory .   Well back in the field on Sunday , Nicklaus , age 40 , was paired with Arnold Palmer , age 50 , which drew large galleries . Palmer shot 69 to finish at even par and T24 , Nicklaus had 73 to finish at 291 ( +3 ) and T33 . It was their first pairing at Augusta in five years and the first time Palmer had finished higher than Nicklaus there since 1967 . Nicklaus regrouped and won two majors in 1980 , the U.S. Open and the PGA Championship and was the runner-up the following April .   Ballesteros , of Spain , was the first winner of the Masters from Europe , and won a second green jacket in 1983 .   This was the final Masters with Bermuda and ryegrass greens , which were replaced with bentgrass following this tournament .

neg: 1957 Masters Tournament The 1957 Masters Tournament was the 21st Masters Tournament , held April 4 -- 7 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . This was the first Masters played with a 36-hole cut . A field of 101 players started in the tournament , and 40 of them made the cut at 150 ( +6 ) .   Doug Ford won his only Masters , three strokes ahead of runner-up Sam Snead , a three-time champion . Snead was the third round leader , but could only shoot even-par in a round that included six birdies and six bogeys . Ford was three strokes back after 54 holes , but was bogey-free on Sunday . On the final hole , Ford holed out from the bunker for birdie for his 66 ( -- 6 ) . This was Ford 's second and final major title ; he also won the 1955 PGA Championship .   This year was the Masters debut of Gary Player , 21 , and he finished tied for 24th . He won three Masters , in 1961 , 1974 , and 1978 . Five-time British Open winner Peter Thomson finished fifth , his best career finish in the Masters .   Two-time champion Ben Hogan had finished in the top ten in the last fourteen Masters that he had entered , but had 32 putts on Friday and missed the event 's first-ever cut by a stroke . It was the only cut he missed at Augusta ; in nine more Masters he had three top ten finishes , including his final appearance at age 54 in 1967 .

neg: 2013 Masters Tournament The 2013 Masters Tournament was the 77th edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of golf 's four major championships to be held in 2013 . It was held from April 11 -- 14 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Adam Scott won the tournament on the second hole of a sudden death playoff against Ángel Cabrera . It was Scott 's first major championship and the first time an Australian won the Masters .

neg: Tiger Woods PGA Tour 06 Tiger Woods PGA Tour 06 is a golf video game in the PGA Tour series available for PlayStation Portable , PlayStation 2 , Xbox , Xbox 360 , GameCube , Mobile phones , and PC .   The game features several types of play , including the development of golfers in a simulated PGA Tour environment . Among other things , the game also features a set of famous courses and players . Also it includes the Stroke Play , Match Play , and Skins Play among other numerous methods of play . It also includes the Four Ball , Best Ball , and Stableford modes of play .   By being able to customize golfers and advancing that character through several stages ( from amateur to pro ) the game allows a high level of identification with the character . The virtual ego can be equipped with various pieces of equipment and styled according to the wishes of the player . The custom outfits are licensed and include several brands which are commonly present in professional golf , among others : Nike , Adidas , Callaway , Ping , Taylormade etc. .

neg: Golf course A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played . It comprises a series of holes , each consisting of a teeing ground , a fairway , the rough and other hazards , and a green with a flagstick ( `` pin '' ) and hole ( `` cup '' ) . A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes . Most courses contain 18 holes ; some share fairways or greens , and a subset has nine holes , played twice per round . Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes .   Many older courses are links , often coastal . Courses are private , public , and municipally owned , and typically feature a pro shop . Many private courses are found at country clubs .

neg: 1940 Masters Tournament The 1940 Masters Tournament was the seventh Masters Tournament , held April 4 -- 7 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia .   Jimmy Demaret won the first of his three Masters titles , four strokes ahead of runner-up Lloyd Mangrum , the largest margin of victory until 1948 . The purse was $ 5,000 and the winner 's share was $ 1,500 .   Mangrum shot an opening round 64 ( − 8 ) , a new course record by two strokes , and it stood for 46 years , until Nick Price 's 63 in 1986 , later equaled by Greg Norman in 1996 . Although all three of these players won major titles , none won a Masters .

neg: 1983 Masters Tournament The 1983 Masters Tournament was the 47th Masters Tournament , held April 7 -- 11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Seve Ballesteros won his second Masters and third major title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Ben Crenshaw and Tom Kite . Play on Friday was postponed due to heavy rain , and the final round was completed on Monday for the first time since 1973 .   Defending champion Craig Stadler was tied for the 54-hole lead with 1976 champion Raymond Floyd , with Ballesteros one stroke back , and two-time champion Tom Watson an additional stroke behind . Ballesteros got off to a fast start in the final round on Monday with a birdie-eagle start . With another birdie at the difficult par-3 fourth , he added four pars and another birdie at the ninth for a five-under 31 on the front nine . Ballesteros cruised to a 69 ( − 3 ) and a comfortable win as neither Stadler , Floyd , nor Watson broke par .   During the postponement of Friday 's round , the possibility was raised that the tournament would not complete the entire 72 holes , as the southeastern U.S. was experiencing heavy rains and flooding and forecasts were not favorable .   Saturday 's second round went off from split tees ( 1st and 10th ) and six players did not complete their rounds until early Sunday morning . With this extension , the tournament committee did not attempt to complete the final two rounds on Sunday , opting for the third round only on Sunday and the fourth on Monday .   Four-time champion Arnold Palmer , 53 , opened with a 68 on Thursday and made the cut at the Masters for the final time . In his 29th Masters , he stated that the conditions on Saturday were the worst he had ever seen at Augusta . Five-time winner Jack Nicklaus , 43 , withdrew before his second round start time due to back spasms experienced while warming up Saturday morning . It was only his second withdrawal as a pro , the first was three years earlier at the 1980 World Series of Golf . Nicklaus had missed only one cut in the previous 23 Masters and made ten consecutive after this year , including his record sixth green jacket in 1986 .   It was the final major championship for Sam Snead , 70 , a three-time Masters champion . He withdrew after a first round 79 as he assessed he could not make the cut .

neg: 1997 World Cup of Golf The 1997 World Cup of Golf took place 20 -- 23 November at the Kiawah Island Golf Resort , Ocean Course in Kiawah Island , South Carolina , U.S. . It was the 43rd World Cup . The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event ( 32 teams ) with each team consisting of two players from a country . The combined score of each team determined the team results . Individuals also competed for the International Trophy . The prize money totaled $ 1,500,000 with $ 400,000 going to the winning pair and $ 100,000 to the top individual . The Irish team of Pádraig Harrington and Paul McGinley won by five strokes over the Scottish team of Colin Montgomerie and Raymond Russell . Colin Montgomerie took the International Trophy by two strokes over Alex Čejka .

neg: Ben Hogan William Ben Hogan ( August 13 , 1912 -- July 25 , 1997 ) was an American professional golfer , generally considered one of the greatest players in the history of the game . Born within six months of two other acknowledged golf greats of the 20th century , Sam Snead and Byron Nelson , Hogan is notable for his profound influence on golf swing theory and his legendary ball-striking ability .   His nine career professional major championships tie him with Gary Player for fourth all-time , trailing only Jack Nicklaus ( 18 ) , Tiger Woods ( 14 ) and Walter Hagen ( 11 ) . He is one of only five golfers to have won all four major championships currently open to professionals ( the Masters Tournament , The Open ( despite only playing once ) , the U.S. Open , and the PGA Championship ) . The other four are Nicklaus , Woods , Player , and Gene Sarazen .

neg: BMW PGA Championship The BMW PGA Championship , as it is currently known for sponsorship reasons , is an annual men 's professional golf tournament on the European Tour . It was founded in 1955 by the Professional Golfers ' Association , and as such was originally called the British PGA Championship . Since then it has had several sponsored names , but the phrase `` PGA Championship '' has usually been included in the name .   The BMW PGA Championship is played each May over the West Course at the Wentworth Club in Surrey , England . The PGA European Tour has its headquarters at the club and as the tour 's home tournament , the BMW PGA Championship is often regarded as the flagship event on the European Tour .   It has usually had the highest prize money of any event which the tour organises , but this changed in 2009 with the introduction of the Race to Dubai , and the $ 10 million Dubai World Championship at the end of the season . There are other more lucrative events than the BMW PGA Championship which are part of the European Tour schedule , such as the majors and the World Golf Championship events , but these are organised by other bodies . It is also the European Tour 's designated `` Premier event '' for the purposes of the Official World Golf Rankings , with a minimum of 64 ranking points available to the winner .   The winner of the tournament is given an exemption into that season 's U.S. Open and the next three Open Championships .   In 2000 , Colin Montgomerie became the only player to win three years in a row .

neg: Official World Golf Ranking The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of male professional golfers ( although there is no rule prohibiting women from being ranked ) . It was introduced in 1986 and is endorsed by the four major championships and six major professional tours , five of which are charter members of the International Federation of PGA Tours :  PGA Tour  European Tour  Asian Tour ( not a charter member of the Federation )  PGA Tour of Australasia  Japan Golf Tour  Sunshine Tour   Points are also awarded for high finishes on other tours :  Web.com Tour , the official developmental tour for the PGA Tour  Challenge Tour , the official developmental tour for the European Tour  PGA Tour Canada , which became a full member of the Federation in 2009 under its former name of the Canadian Professional Golf Tour  OneAsia Tour , not a member of the Federation , but a joint venture between two charter members and two other tours that became full members in 2009  Korean Tour , from 2011  PGA Tour Latinoamérica , from 2012  Asian Development Tour , the official developmental tour for the Asian Tour , from 2013  PGA Tour China , from 2014  Alps Tour , from July 2015  Nordic Golf League , from July 2015  PGA EuroPro Tour , from July 2015  ProGolf Tour , from July 2015  MENA Golf Tour , from April 2016

neg: Golf instruction Golf instruction is the art of equipping and training golfers to play better golf through improved awareness of swing cause and effects as a result of the actions by their body , the club , and their effect on the golf ball . Most great golfers have a few common elements that make them great including : proper intentionality , swing repeatability to produce an action that fits the golfers intentionality , and a strong level of automaticity for long lasting enjoyment of the game golf . Golf instruction is unique as golf consists of five primary skills : shots from a tee ( most notable : driving that uses a driver ) , full shots from the ground ( mostly known as `` iron shots '' , pitching ( or 3/4 shots designed for distance control , chipping ( short shots around the green the require less than a full swing ) , putting ( 1 club preferably `` the putter '' ) and course strategy or gamesmanship .   Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability , but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game . Golf instruction offered on many platforms in the United States including : the PGA of America , GolfTEC , and independent golfers who `` may '' or `` may not '' have credentials that are recognized by credible teachers certified sources such as the PGA of America . Although there are many great golf instructors in the United States , who are PGA Class A Professionals , not all great instructors carry this status nor find it a major determiner of golf instruction proficiency .   Golf Instruction can be wide ranging , but many great modern day instructors are able to diagnose and prescribe swing frustrations accurately and present a clear fix that encourages the golfer in the discovery of lasting repeatability from the specific ailment that `` plagued '' them from a sound repeatable swing to play a golf course successfully ( varying terms of success as a golfer ) Many modern instructors include the following in their diagnosis  1 . visual feedback through video and bio motion analysis  2 . personalized golf club fitting for individual body and swing types  3 . on-course play under real conditions  4 . mental performance development  5 . golf specific body conditioning for optimal golf bio-mechanics   Beginning players can start lesson in several ways , but most do so in either a group or individual setting , covering the five primary skills of golf as noted above golf swing . Golf is an asymmetrical exercise that can break body balances , requiring also adequate exercises to keep the balance in muscles . Experienced recreational players often return for instruction , either to fix a specific problem they are encountering or to improve their game . Reconstruction of a golf swing to reach a high level of play often involves series of lessons over an extended period of time . Junior golfers often begin receiving instruction by age 10 or younger , and often retain private teachers even when coached on a high school golf team .   Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right over the years , including Harvey Penick , Jack Grout , Dick Harmon , David Leadbetter , Butch Harmon , Hank Haney , Chip Thomson , Sean Foley , and Mike Bennett and Andy Plummer . Some of the teachers maintain teaching facilities or schools where they or their disciples use their methods or systems . A few instructors focus solely on a particular aspect of the sport , such as Dave Pelz with the short game . Some famous golfers have been tightly bound with their instructor , such as Jack Nicklaus with Jack Grout , while in other cases golfers have made high-profile switches from one instructor to another , such as Tiger Woods moving from Butch Harmon to various other instructors .   Recreational golfers are constantly seeking tips on how to improve , and the major golf publications such as Golf Magazine and Golf Digest devote substantial portions of their pages to instructional material of various kinds , often written by top-level instructors . Even television broadcasts of professional golf tournaments often contain short instructional segments , delivered by commentators who are also instructors such as Peter Kostis .   Golf instruction may be augmented by training aids such as specially weighting or jointed clubs , putting cups for practice on the den room carpet , mini practice tees with feedback for use in garages , et cetera . Some training aids are sold via television infomercials and the more peculiar varieties were satirized in the 1996 film Tin Cup .   Golf instruction is no guarantee of success or improved play in the game . Bad mechanics can be deeply ingrained in a subject 's swing , and psychological factors can also hinder progress . The 2009 Golf Channel program The Haney Project : Charles Barkley showcased some of these issues , as Hank Haney attempted to fix former NBA great Charles Barkley 's infamously bad swing .

neg: 1964 PGA Championship The 1964 PGA Championship was the 46th PGA Championship , played July 16 -- 19 at Columbus Country Club in Columbus , Ohio . Bobby Nichols won his only major title , three strokes ahead of runners-up Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer . Nichols led wire-to-wire after a first round 64 in the hometown of Nicklaus , who shot a 64 in the final round to gain his third runner-up finish in majors in 1964 .   Ben Hogan , age 51 , competed at the PGA Championship for the first time since 1960 . Tied for fifth place after a third round 68 , he finished tied for ninth for his penultimate top ten in a major . His final top ten came at the 1967 Masters .   Nichols ' winning score of 271 was the lowest to date at the PGA Championship , the seventh as a 72-hole stroke play championship . It stood as the record for thirty years , until Nick Price 's 269 in 1994 .   The British Open was played the previous week in St Andrews , Scotland , one of five times in the 1960s that these two majors were played in consecutive weeks in July . The PGA Championship moved permanently to August in 1969 ( except 1971 , when it was played in late February ) .

neg: 1995 Masters Tournament The 1995 Masters Tournament was the 59th Masters Tournament , held April 6 -- 9 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Ben Crenshaw won his second Masters championship , one stroke ahead of runner-up Davis Love III . It was an emotional victory for Crenshaw as it came just days after the death of his mentor , Harvey Penick . Crenshaw and Tom Kite attended the funeral in Texas on Wednesday and did not return to Augusta until that night , on the eve of the first round .   The 1995 Masters marked the first major championship for Tiger Woods , who qualified as the 1994 U.S. Amateur champion . A 19-year-old college freshman at Stanford , he tied for 41st place and was the leading amateur , the only one to make the cut . Woods ' average driving distance was the longest in the tournament .

neg: 2000 PGA Championship The 2000 PGA Championship was the 82nd PGA Championship , held August 17 -- 20 at the Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville , Kentucky . It was the second time for the event at Valhalla , which hosted four years earlier in 1996 . Tiger Woods won his second straight PGA Championship and fifth major in a three-hole playoff over Bob May . Woods and May finished at 18 under par to set the PGA Championship record to par , later equaled by Woods in 2006 . It was the first time since 1937 that a PGA Championship title was successfully defended , and the first ever as a stroke play event . Woods and May were five shots ahead of third-place finisher Thomas Bjørn .   Woods ' victory marked the first time since 1953 ( Ben Hogan ) that a player had won three major championships in the same calendar year ; Woods won the U.S. Open and the British Open in the previous two months for three consecutive majors . He won the Masters in April 2001 to complete the Tiger Slam of four consecutive majors .   May opened with an even-par 72 then shot 66 ( − 6 ) in each of the final three rounds ; this was the only time he was in contention in a major championship . Designer of the course and five-time champion Jack Nicklaus , age 60 , made his final appearance at the PGA Championship . Playing with Woods , he needed an eagle on the 36th hole to make the cut ; his pitch shot missed by inches and he settled for birdie .   Valhalla later hosted the Ryder Cup in 2008 , the first U.S. victory in nine years . The Senior PGA Championship was played at the course in 2004 and 2011 and the PGA Championship returned in 2014 .

neg: 2000 U.S. Open (golf) The 2000 United States Open Championship was the 100th U.S. Open Championship , held June 15 -- 18 at Pebble Beach Golf Links in Pebble Beach , California . Tiger Woods won his first U.S. Open by a record-setting fifteen strokes over runners-up Ernie Els and Miguel Ángel Jiménez -- it remains the most dominating performance and victory in any major championship . As the United States Golf Association wanted to begin the millennium with a memorable tournament , Pebble Beach was moved up two years in the rotation . Notable golfers going into the tournament at large included Jack Nicklaus , playing in his final U.S. Open , Vijay Singh , the year 's Masters winner , as well as Ernie Els , and David Duval .   The defending champion , Payne Stewart , died in an aviation accident less than eight months earlier , in October 1999 . His death was commemorated many times throughout the week , starting with a group of players simultaneously teeing off from the 18th fairway into the Pacific in a twist on the 21-gun salute . Sergio García wore Stewart 's trademark navy plus fours in Stewart 's honor in the first round . Nicklaus was asked to take Stewart 's spot in the traditional grouping , for the first two rounds , of the prior year 's British Open winner ( Paul Lawrie ) , U.S. Amateur winner ( David Gossett ) , and U.S. Open winner .

neg: Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , was held in August at the new Olympic Golf Course ( Campo Olímpico de Golfe ) , built within the Reserva de Marapendi in the Barra da Tijuca zone .   The 2016 Summer Olympics was the first time for golf to be played at the Olympics since the 1904 Summer Olympics and featured two events , the men 's and women 's individual events .

neg: 1960 Open Championship The 1960 Open Championship was the 89th Open Championship , played 6 -- 9 July at the Old Course in St Andrews , Scotland . In the centenary year of the Open Championship , Kel Nagle prevailed over Arnold Palmer by a single stroke ; this year marked the championship 's re-emergence as a major stop for American players .   The total prize money was increased by forty percent , from # 5,000 to # 7,000 . The winner 's share was increased to # 1,250 with # 900 for second , # 700 for third , # 500 for fourth , # 400 for fifth , # 300 for sixth , # 250 for seventh , # 200 for eighth , # 150 for ninth , and # 130 for tenth . The next fifteen places each received # 60 with # 50 for next seven and then # 40 for the next eighteen . The # 50 prize for winning the qualification event was unchanged while the four prizes for the lowest score in each round were was increased to # 50 . For the centenary event there was a special prize for the winner in the form of a replica of the claret jug .   Qualifying took place on 4 -- 5 July , Monday and Tuesday , with 18 holes on the Old Course and 18 holes on the New Course . A maximum of 100 players could qualify . Gary Player led the qualifiers as medalist at 135 , and the qualifying score was 147 and 74 players qualified ; 28 players on 148 were not included . Dick Metz , who had won the World Senior Golf Championship at Gleneagles on 3 July , was one of those on 148 who just failed to qualify .   Roberto De Vicenzo opened the tournament proper with consecutive rounds of 67 on Wednesday and Thursday to take a two-stroke lead over Nagle . In the third round , De Vicenzo 's drive on the 14th ended up on top of a wall and he finished the round with a score of 75 , allowing Nagle to take a two-shot lead . Palmer , who had won the U.S. Open three weeks earlier by erasing a seven-shot deficit in the final round , was four back after 54-holes . The final round on Friday afternoon was delayed until Saturday due to a heavy rainfall that flooded portions of the course ; the first postponement in over fifty years . When play resumed the next day , Palmer and Nagle both went out in 34 . Still four-strokes behind , Palmer began another charge on the back . He made up strokes on the 13th and 15th , made a 4 on the 17th , then made birdie at the last . Nagle was standing over a crucial par putt on the Road Hole 17th when he heard the roar signifying Palmer 's birdie at 18 . He managed to collect himself and hole the putt , then made a safe 4 at the last to win the title by a single shot over Palmer .   Already 39 at the time of his victory , this was Nagle 's first top ten finish in a major championship . Although little-known outside of Australia at the time of the tournament , he went on to have success throughout the next decade and came close to winning another major at the 1965 U.S. Open , losing to Gary Player in an 18-hole playoff .   Palmer had won the first two majors at the Masters and U.S. Open , and was attempting to equal Ben Hogan 's 1953 season with a third consecutive major . His appearance established the British Open as an important tournament for American golfers and , although Palmer himself skipped the tournament a few times afterward , the best American players began crossing the Atlantic with regularity from then on . Palmer won the next two Opens in 1961 and 1962 .   The appearance of Palmer , already the most popular golfer in the world , proved to be a turning point for the Open Championship . Until the 1960s , few Americans made the trip to the Open Championship , with the lengthy ocean-voyage and high costs of traveling to Britain often more than they stood to win in the tournament . Even Palmer , winner of the first two majors of the year , had to play in the 36-hole qualifier immediately preceding it . The 1960 event included only four Americans following the qualifier , and only two made the cut . Ten years later , 24 Americans were in the field of 134 . For many years , the event often conflicted with the PGA Championship in the U.S. , a more lucrative major which gradually moved to late July and then August .


query: Antarctica has people who reside in it.

pos: Antarctica Antarctica ( UK English -LSB- ænˈtɑːktɪkə -RSB- or -LSB- ænˈtɑːtɪkə -RSB- , US English -LSB- æntˈɑːrktɪkə -RSB- ) is Earth 's southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At 14000000 km2 , it is the fifth-largest continent . For comparison , Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia . About 98 % of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula .   Antarctica , on average , is the coldest , driest , and windiest continent , and has the highest average elevation of all the continents . Antarctica is a desert , with annual precipitation of only 200 mm ( 8 in ) along the coast and far less inland . The temperature in Antarctica has reached − 89.2 ° C ( − 128.6 ° F ) , though the average for the third quarter ( the coldest part of the year ) is − 63 ° C ( − 81 ° F ) . Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent . Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae , bacteria , fungi , plants , protista , and certain animals , such as mites , nematodes , penguins , seals and tardigrades . Vegetation , where it occurs , is tundra .   Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ( `` Southern Land '' ) date back to antiquity , Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered and colonised by humans , being only first sighted in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny , who sighted the Fimbul ice shelf . The continent , however , remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment , lack of easily accessible resources , and isolation . In 1895 , the first confirmed landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians .   Antarctica is a de facto condominium , governed by parties to the Antarctic Treaty System that have consulting status . Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 , and thirty-eight have signed it since then . The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining , prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal , supports scientific research , and protects the continent 's ecozone . Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations .

neg: Antarctic ice sheet The Antarctic ice sheet is one of the two polar ice caps of the Earth . It covers about 98 % of the Antarctic continent and is the largest single mass of ice on Earth . It covers an area of almost 14 e6km2 and contains 26.5 e6km3 of ice . Approximately 61 percent of all fresh water on the Earth is held in the Antarctic ice sheet , an amount equivalent to about 58 m of sea-level rise . In East Antarctica , the ice sheet rests on a major land mass , but in West Antarctica the bed can extend to more than 2,500 m below sea level . Much of the land in this area would be seabed if the ice sheet were not there .   In contrast to the melting of the Arctic sea ice , sea ice around Antarctica was expanding . The reasons for this are not fully understood , but suggestions include the climatic effects on ocean and atmospheric circulation of the ozone hole , and/or cooler ocean surface temperatures as the warming deep waters melt the ice shelves .

neg: Andean states The Andean States ( Estados Andinos ) are a group of nations in South America connected by the Andes mountain range . `` Andean States '' is sometimes used to refer to all seven countries that the Andes runs through , regions with a shared culture primarily spread during the times of the Inca Empire ( such as the Quechua language and Andean cuisine ) , or it can be used in a geopolitical sense to designate countries in the region that are members of the Andean Community trade group and have a local ( as opposed to European ) cultural orientation .   The Andes extend through the western part of South America in following countries :        ( not considered to be geopolitically an Andean State )  ( not considered to be geopolitically an Andean State )   When grouped as `` the Andean states '' , the emphasis is on the mountainous regions of these countries . For example , the Argentine pampas are not part of the Andean region , but western Argentina along with Chile is part of the Andean region , and has cultural continuities with its Andean neighbors . Venezuela , Colombia , Peru , Ecuador and Bolivia are part of the Andean Community ( a trade grouping ) , and each contains Amazon Rainforest and Amazonian indigenous people as well as Andean mountains .

neg: Esperanza Base Esperanza base ( Base Esperanza , `` Hope Base '' ) is a permanent , all year-round Argentine research station in Hope Bay , Trinity Peninsula ( Graham Land , Antarctic Peninsula ) . It is one of only two civilian settlements on Antarctica ( the other being the Chilean Villa Las Estrellas ) . The Base 's motto is `` Permanencia , un acto de sacrificio '' ( `` Permanence , an act of sacrifice '' ) .

neg: Firefighting in Antarctica Firefighting in Antarctica encompasses various organizations and procedures designed to fight fires on the continent of Antarctica . Firefighting in Antarctica is complicated by the harsh conditions of the continent , the remoteness of the locations to be serviced , and the importance of protecting life-supporting shelter from immolation .

neg: Antarctic Circumpolar Current The Antarctic Circumpolar Current ( ACC ) is an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica . An alternative name for the ACC is the West Wind Drift . The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and has a mean transport of 100-150 Sverdrups ( Sv , million m ³ / s ) , making it the largest ocean current . More recent research even puts this number at over 173 Sv . The current is circumpolar due to the lack of any landmass connecting with Antarctica and this keeps warm ocean waters away from Antarctica , enabling that continent to maintain its huge ice sheet .   Associated with the Circumpolar Current is the Antarctic Convergence , where the cold Antarctic waters meet the warmer waters of the subantarctic , creating a zone of upwelling nutrients . These nurture high levels of phytoplankton with associated copepods and krill , and resultant foodchains supporting fish , whales , seals , penguins , albatrosses and a wealth of other species .   The ACC has been known to sailors for centuries ; it greatly speeds up any travel from west to east , but makes sailing extremely difficult from east to west ; though this is mostly due to the prevailing westerly winds . The circumstances preceding the mutiny on the Bounty and Jack London 's story `` Make Westing '' poignantly illustrated the difficulty it caused for mariners seeking to round Cape Horn on the clipper ship route between New York and California . The clipper route , which is the fastest sailing route around the world , follows the ACC around three continental capes -- Cape Agulhas ( Africa ) , South East Cape ( Australia ) and Cape Horn ( South America ) .   The current creates the Ross and Weddell gyres .

neg: Marie Byrd Land Marie Byrd Land is the portion of West Antarctica lying east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean , extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast . It stretches between 158 ° W and 103 ° 24 ` W . The inclusion of the area between the Rockefeller Plateau and Eights Coast is based upon the leading role of Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd in the exploration of this area . The name was originally applied by Admiral Byrd in 1929 , in honor of his wife , to the northwestern part of the area , the part that was explored in that year .

neg: Antarctica Marathon The Antarctica Marathon may have been the first for-profit sporting event held in Antarctica , on January 28 , 1995 . The event is now held every year in late February or early March . The 42.195 km race is held on King George Island , the largest of the South Shetland Islands just off the Antarctic Peninsula . There is also a half-marathon held at the same time . The start and finish is at Bellingshausen Station ( the Russian base ) , and the course passes the Artigas Base ( Uruguayan ) , the Frei Base ( Chilean ) and the Great Wall Base ( Chinese ) . The course follows a gravel road that connects the bases .   The first marathon held in Antarctica may have been near the American research base , McMurdo Station , in January 1995 . The annual marathon is free and is open to employees and grantees of the United States Antarctic Program , United States Air Force personnel on duty at McMurdo Station , as well as Kiwis from New Zealand 's nearby research station , Scott Base . Many participants run the full marathon . However , a half marathon option is available . Some participants elect to ski the course . In January 2015 , McMurdo Station hosted possibly the first known Ultra Marathon over 30 miles on the continent .   The South Pole has also witnessed runners braving conditions to complete a full 26.2 mile race . Both for-profit and free events have been held outside the Amundsen -- Scott South Pole Station . The South Pole is possibly the first known location of an Ultra Marathon on the continent , when defining an Ultra as anything over 26.2 miles .

neg: Edith Fanta Edith Susana Elisabeth Fanta was a Brazilian Antarctic researcher , best known for her work on preserving and protecting Antarctica .

neg: Haisla people The Haisla ( also Xa'islak ' ala , X̄a ' islakʼala , X̌àʼislakʼala , X̣aʼislak ' ala , Xai : sla ) are an indigenous people living at Kitamaat in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia . Their indigenous language is named after them in most English usage , though its actual name is X̄a ' islak̓ala . The name Haisla is derived from the Haisla word x̣àʼisla or x̣àʼisəla ' ( those ) living at the rivermouth , living downriver ' . Along with the neighbouring Wuikinuxv and Heiltsuk people , they were incorrectly known in the past as the Northern Kwakiutl .   Kitimaat Village , the Haisla reserve , is a short 20 minute drive south of the town of Kitimat at the head of the Douglas Channel , a 90-km ( 56-mi ) fjord that serves as saltwater corridor that connects the community and the town and port of Kitimat , which is the site of the aluminum smelter of Alcan Incorporated , to the Pacific Ocean . Kitamaat is a Tsimshian name , applied by European explorers who asked their Tsimshian guides for the name of the place ; it means `` people of the snows '' or `` place of the snows '' . The Haisla name for Kitimaat is C'imo ` ca ( pronounced tsee-MOTE-sah ) which means `` snag beach . ''

neg: British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state .   The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus .   Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory .   Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) .   the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .

neg: Human migration Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling , permanently in the new location . The movement is often over long distances and from one country to another , but internal migration is also possible ; indeed , this is the dominant form globally . Migration may be individuals , family units or in large groups .   Nomadic movements are normally not regarded as migrations as there is no intention to settle in the new place and because the movement is generally seasonal . Only a few nomadic people have retained this form of lifestyle in modern times . Also , the temporary movement of people for the purpose of travel , tourism , pilgrimages , or the commute is not regarded as migration , in the absence of an intention to live and settle in the visited places .

neg: Culture of Chile The culture of Chile reflects the relatively homogeneous population as well as the geographic isolation of the country in relation to the rest of South America . Since colonial times , the Chilean culture has been a mix of Spanish colonial elements with indigenous ( mostly Mapuche ) culture .   The Huasos of Central Chile and their folk music and dance are central to Chilean folk culture . Even though the folk traditions the Central Chile are central to Chilean cultural and national identity , Chile is both geographically and culturally diverse with both the North and the South having their own folk music and dance due to different indigenous peoples and immigrant groups settling there . Additionally , while some regions of Chile have very strong indigenous heritage , such as Araucanía Region , Easter Island , and Arica y Parinacota Region , some regions lacks considerable indigenous communities and a few other regions have noteworthy non-Spanish European immigrant heritage .

neg: Flora Antarctica The Flora Antarctica or formally and correctly The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839 -- 1843 , under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross , is a description of the many plants discovered on the Ross expedition , which visited islands off the coast of the Antarctic continent , with a summary of the expedition itself , written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published in parts between 1844 and 1859 by Reeve Brothers in London . Hooker sailed on HMS Erebus as assistant surgeon .   The botanical findings of the Ross expedition were published in four parts , the last two in two volumes each , making six volumes in all :   Part I Flora of Lord Auckland and Campbell 's Islands ( 1843 -- 45 )  Part II Flora of Fuegia , the Falklands , Kerguellen 's land , etc ( 1845 -- 47 )  Part III Flora of New Zealand ( 1851 -- 53 ) ( 2 vols )  Part IV Flora of Tasmania ( 1853 -- 59 ) ( 2 vols )   All were `` splendidly '' illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch . The larger part of the plant specimens collected during this expedition are now part of the Kew Herbarium .   Although Hooker professed not to have changed his views on Darwin 's theory of evolution by natural selection , the Flora of Tasmania contains an introductory essay on biogeography written from a Darwinian point of view , making the book the first case study for the theory .

neg: Cape Roberts Project Between 1997 and 1999 the international Cape Roberts Project ( CRP ) has recovered up to 1000 m long drill cores in the Ross Sea , Antarctica to reconstruct the glaciation history of Antarctica . Scientists from various institutes in seven countries have participated : Australia , Germany , United Kingdom , The Netherlands , Italy , New Zealand , and USA . After a seismic pre-site survey the area off Cape Roberts in the Ross Sea at the margin of the Transantarctic Mountains ( 77 ° S 163 ° 43 ` E ) was found to be suitable .   Drilling was performed using a conventional core wireline system with a drill derrick , protected by a cover against the rough climate . Sea ice was 2 m thick with a water depth of 150 -- below . Four overlapping drill cores at three sites reflect in excellent quality the geological history and glaciation of the Antarctic during the last 34 million years .   As a logistic and scientific basis the American McMurdo Station and Scott Base of New Zealand were used . Supply of the drill site was performed with motor sledges and snow mobiles , exchange of personal with helicopters . The costs for the logistics were around four Million US dollar .

neg: Lists of places in Antarctica Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth . While Antarctica has never had a permanent human population , it has been explored by various groups , and many locations on and around the continent have been described . This page lists notable places in and immediately surrounding the Antarctic continent , including geographic features , bodies of water , and human settlements .

neg: Centro de Estudios Científicos Centro de Estudios Científicos ( English : Center for Scientific Studies ) also known by its acronym CECS is a private , non-profit corporation based in Valdivia , Chile , devoted to the development , promotion and diffusion of scientific research . CECs research areas include biophysics , molecular physiology , theoretical physics , glaciology and climate change . The centre was created in 1984 as Centro de Estudios Científicos de Santiago with 150,000 dollars a year for each year of three from the Tinker Foundation of New York City . In 2004-2005 glaciologists from CECS organized the Chilean South Pole Expedition in collaboration with the Chilean Navy and Instituto Antártico Chileno . CECS was founded in Santiago but is since 2000 housed in the recently modernized , German-style Hotel Schuster located by Valdivia River . Claudio Bunster , a physicist and winner of Chile 's National Prize in Exact Sciences , is the Director of CECS .   In 2014 CECs discovered what would be a subglacial lake in the West Antarctica , They investigated and concluded after a year that it is a lake , which was named Lake CECs in honor of the institution , was published in `` Geophysical Research Letters '' on May 22 , 2015 validating the discovery .  The authors of the discovery are : Andrés Rivera , Jose Uribe , Rodrigo Zamora and Jonathan Oberreuter .

neg: European Australians European Australians , or White Australians , are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe and the Caucasus .   Since the early 19th century , people of European descent have formed the vast majority of the population in Australia . The majority of European Australians are of British Isles -- English , Irish , Scottish , Welsh or Cornish ( Anglo-Celtic ) -- ancestral origin . In 2010 , it was estimated that around 74 % of the Australian population were Anglo-Celtic Australians .   Other significant ancestries include Italian , German , Greek , Dutch , New Zealanders ( European New Zealanders ) , Polish , Maltese and Croatian . Today , Australians of British and other European ancestries are the dominant majority in Australia , estimated at 92 % of the total population .   Historically , European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society , which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European country .

neg: Australian Canadians Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who reside in Canada . According to the 2011 Census there were 36,350 Canadians who claimed full or partial Australian ancestry .   Both are among the most developed countries and share historical connections , language , similar customs and among others , they also have Elizabeth II as their Head of State as both are also Commonwealth realms .

neg: Asian South Africans The majority of Asian South Africans are of Indian origin , most of whom are descended from indentured workers transported to work in the 19th century on the sugar plantations of the eastern coastal area , then known as Natal . They are largely English speaking , although many also retain the languages of their ancestors . There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans ( approximately 300,000 individuals ) , of whom the great majority are recent immigrants of the last two decades .   In total the 1.2 million Asians in South Africa represent about two percent of the nation 's population . Most are of Indian or South Asian origin , although there is also a rapidly increasing number of people of Chinese , who were sometimes classified as Coloured ( mixed race ) , `` Other '' , or at least partially as `` White '' under Apartheid ) . Traditionally , the group does not include the `` Cape Malays '' , who were descended ( at least in part ) from South East Asians , who were classified as `` Coloured '' under apartheid .   The term Indian is far more commonly used than Asian in South Africa , although examples of both usages can be found .


query: Richard Burbage's spectrum is shown in the number of the parts he portrayed.

pos: Richard Burbage Richard Burbage ( 6 January 1567 -- 12 March 1619 ) is considered the first great actor of English theatre . He is one of the most famous actors of the Globe Theatre of his time . In addition to being a stage actor he was also a theatre owner , entrepreneur and painter . He was the younger brother of Cuthbert Burbage . They were both actors in drama . Burbage was a business associate and friend to William Shakespeare .   The son of James Burbage , a joiner who became a theatrical impresario , and also founded the first theatre and was a famous theatrical entrepreneur . Burbage was a popular actor by his early 20s . He excelled in plays with the theme of tragedies . His early acting career is poorly documented . As many young actors of his time , he may have played the part of women in productions before taking any of the roles he is known for . It has been suggested that he spent time working with the Earl of Leicester 's company , but there is no good evidence for this . He was probably acting with the Admiral 's Men in 1590 , with Lord Strange 's Men in 1592 , and with the Earl of Pembroke 's Men in 1593 ; but most famously he was the star of William Shakespeare 's theatre company , the Lord Chamberlain 's Men which became the King 's Men on the ascension of James I in 1603 . He played the title role in the first performances of many of Shakespeare 's plays , including Hamlet , Othello , Richard III , and King Lear . But he was in great demand and also appeared in the plays of many of the great contemporary writers , such as Ben Jonson ( the title role in Volpone , and Subtle in The Alchemist ) , John Marston ( The Malcontent ) , John Webster ( The Duchess of Malfi ) and Beaumont and Fletcher ( The Maid 's Tragedy ) .   Burbage 's power and scope as an actor is revealed in the sheer size of the roles he played . He was a great box office draw . Of the hundreds of plays and thousands of roles for actors that date from the 1580 -- 1610 era , there are only twenty or so roles that are longer than 800 lines . Edward Alleyn was the first English actor to manage such roles , in Marlowe 's Tamburlaine and The Jew of Malta ; but the majority of these star roles , thirteen of the twenty , were acted by Burbage.He was said to be quite rich because he was earning income from being the primary housekeeping of two playhouses , a sharer in the King 's Men , a lead actor and a painter .   His acting style is closely compared with the method that actors use today called method acting ; it would be another four centuries before this came into popularity . He was described as being short and stout , but said to be an impressive figure , with numerous praises written of him in contemporary accounts .

neg: Richard Haydn Richard Haydn ( 10 March 1905 -- 25 April 1985 ) was an English comic actor in radio , films and television . Some of his better known performances include Ball of Fire ( 1941 ) as Professor Oddley , No Time for Love ( 1943 ) as Roger , And Then There Were None ( 1945 ) as Thomas Rogers , The Emperor Waltz ( 1948 ) , Alice in Wonderland ( 1951 ) as the Caterpillar , as Baron Popoff in The Merry Widow ( 1952 ) , and The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) as Maximilian `` Max '' Detweiler .

neg: List of baritones in non-classical music The baritone voice is typically written in the range from the second G # below middle C to the G # above middle C ( G # 2-G # 4 ) although it can be extended at either end . However , the baritone voice is determined not only by its vocal range , but also by its timbre , which tends to be darker than that of the typical tenor voice .   The term baritone was developed in relation to classical and operatic voices , where the classification is based not merely on the singer 's vocal range but also on the tessitura and timbre of the voice . For classical and operatic singers , their voice type determines the roles they will sing and is a primary method of categorization . In non-classical music , singers are primarily defined by their genre and their gender and not by their vocal range . When the terms soprano , mezzo-soprano , contralto , tenor , baritone , and bass are used as descriptors of non-classical voices , they are applied more loosely than they would be to those of classical singers and generally refer only to the singer 's perceived vocal range .   Successful non-classical baritones display a wide range of vocal qualities and effects that lend a unique character to their voices , many of which are considered undesirable in the operatic or classical baritone singer , such as `` breathy '' ( Jim Reeves ) , `` crooning '' ( Ville Valo ) , `` growling '' ( Neil Diamond ) , and even `` ragged '' ( Bruce Springsteen ) .   The following is a list of singers in various music genres and styles ( most of which can be found on the List of popular music genres ) who have been described as baritones . Additionally , the bands that they have been lead singers of appear in parentheses .

neg: Eastern Cabaret Eastern Cabaret was a live variety programme series broadcast in 193839 on BBC Television . It was one of several spin-offs from the BBC series Cabaret . Three episodes were broadcast ; they were produced by Harry Pringle , and the first two were presented by Cyril Fletcher . The BBC television service was suspended on 1 September 1939 with the outbreak of World War II , and no further episodes were made .   According to Radio Times ( 20 May 1938 ) , `` Harry Pringle , Reginald Smith 's officemate , is having a busy time preparing for his Eastern Cabaret , to be given next week on Monday , May 30 , and Saturday , June 4 . One of his difficulties was getting snakes without temperament and susceptible to the charms of native charmers . He went to five different agencies and gave auditions to thirty-two snakes , and even then failed to find a satisfactory performer '' . A later entry in Radio Times suggests that this may not have been entirely serious , saying that the background had been `` codded '' ( i.e. parodied ) by compere Cyril Fletcher .   No episodes have survived.The show was broadcast live . Methods for recording live television did not exist until late 1947 , and were used very rarely by the BBC until around 195355 .

neg: Three Days (of Hamlet) Three Days ( of Hamlet ) is an American documentary film from independent production company TMG , The Martindale Group , based in Los Angeles , California . TMG previously produced `` Pursuit of Happiness '' in 2000 starring Frank Whaley and Annabeth Gish .   Three Days ( of Hamlet ) covers a troupe of actors , and others , who gather to rehearse and perform a staged-reading of William Shakespeare 's Tragedy of Hamlet at the Matrix Theatre in West Hollywood , California during three days in July 2010 . Reality intrudes .   Alex Rotaru , Director of the documentary film Shakespeare High , in a personal message to the film 's creator , actor/director Alex Hyde-White , says about Three Days ( of Hamlet ) ' ... jaw-droppingly ambitious and often brilliant ... It was such an exquisite pleasure to learn something new about the play of all plays through your eyes . The pressure cooker in which you put yourself and your fellow actors was truly an ultimate test - I felt butterflies in my stomach just watching it . If Hamlet urges his actors to `` hold a mirror up to nature '' , you hold a mirror up to the mirror itself , doing what the French call ` mise en abime ' , or loosely : ` looking into the abyss of infinite reflections '   The film builds on its main structure of on-stage happenings by juxtaposing stories from the players , including actors Richard Chamberlain ( Polonius ) , Stefanie Powers ( Gertrude ) , Tom Badal ( Claudius ) , Peter Woodward ( Laertes/Player King ) and Joseph Culp ( Himself ) . The lead actor/manager Alex Hyde-White weaves his own personal dramatic narrative about `` Fathers and Sons '' as he recalls stories from his childhood as the son of the well-known British actor Wilfrid Hyde-White . At times , particularly when the character of Hamlet experiences the visitations from his father 's ghost , King Hamlet , the line of what is theatre and what is real life is purposely `` deconstructed '' and what happens onstage is commented on offstage resulting in a self-reflective dynamic of sometimes very powerful and moving proportions . Later , as the Son becomes the Father , a clear line of succession emerges in a profound , archetypal , way .

neg: Mike Dorsey Mike Dorsey ( 1930 -- 24 October 2014 ) was an English-born Australian theatre and television actor . He was best known for his 1970s television soap opera roles of Reginald `` Daddy '' MacDonald in Number 96 , and Sir Clifford Langley in The Young Doctors   Dorsey was born in Yorkshire , England . His acting career began in the late 1940s when he started acting with the Gate Theatre , Dublin , in bit parts . After three years in the army in the early 1950s Dorsey returned to acting , with several minor stage roles on the UK provincial theatre circuit . The scarcity of acting work led to a career change to the publicity business , and Dorsey subsequently did the publicity in London for such performers as Kenny Ball , Acker Bilk and The Yardbirds . He later did two tours with The Rolling Stones , one of which brought him to Australia where he decided to settle in 1965 .   In Australia Dorsey 's career as an actor and performer quickly took off . Beginning in the mid-1960s he had several guest starring roles in Australian drama series including Riptide , Skippy the Bush Kangaroo , and many appearances in the various Crawford Productions police drama series . During this period he also played the ongoing role of Captain Roke in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation-Artransa Film science fiction children 's series Phoenix Five ( 1970 ) , was the straight man on Joe Martin 's show Tonight on Channel Ten , and had a brief role as a police detective in Number 96 in 1972 .   Beginning in January 1974 Dorsey played the regular role of comedy character Reg `` Daddy '' MacDonald in Number 96 . An officious bureaucrat with the local council , buttoned-down Reg lived a regimented life and liked to speak in acronyms as a sort of verbal shorthand . He would frequently register his indignation with signature phrase `` Great Scott ! '' Along with wife Edie -- otherwise known as `` Mother '' or `` Mummy '' -- ( Wendy Blacklock ) and daughter Marilyn ( Frances Hargreaves ) the character became a hit with viewers .   In late 1976 there were plans to spin off the characters of Mummy and Daddy into a new situation comedy series titled Mummy and Me and starring Dorsey and Blacklock , but the proposed series was not picked up by the network and the characters remained in Number 96 . Dorsey and Blacklock played in Number 96 continuously until it ended in August 1977 , surviving several drastic cast purges during the show 's closing months .   After the series ended , Dorsey , like many of his former Number 96 co-stars , had a guest starring role in school-based drama Glenview High ( 1977 ) . In the late 1970s Dorsey and his main Number 96 co-star Wendy Blacklock created a stage show based on their Number 96 characters which toured clubs in New South Wales over a period of nearly two years . In 1978 -- 1979 Dorsey played an ongoing role on hospital-based soap opera The Young Doctors . He then took the regular role of Vic Marshall in Network Ten daily soap opera Arcade ( 1980 ) , a notorious critical and popular failure cancelled after being on air only six weeks . Dorsey subsequently ran a theatrical group .   Dorsey more recently was cast in the role of ` Pop ' in the 2007-2009 children 's television series ` Lockie Leonard ' , filmed in Western Australia , in which he played the role of Lockie 's grandfather . He portrayed the role in the first and second series as a recurring character , but not actively as a main role .   Mike married his lifelong partner , Pamela Borain , at their property in Baldivis on 18 April 2010 where they lived until he died peacefully at Rockingham General Hospital on Friday 24 October 2014 .

neg: Merlin (series 4) The fourth series of the British drama series Merlin began on 1 October 2011 with the episode `` The Darkest Hour - Part 1 '' . It consists of 13 episodes originally shown on Saturday evenings on BBC One and BBC One HD ( repeats shown on BBC Three ) . The series producer was Sara Hamill , and executive producers were Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy . The directors of the series include Alice Troughton , Alex Pillai , Justin Molotnikov and Jeremy Webb . Writers include Julian Jones ( head writer ) , Howard Overman , Jake Michie , Lucy Watkins , and Richard McBrien .   Series four stars the regular cast from the previous series including Colin Morgan , Angel Coulby , Bradley James , Katie McGrath , and Richard Wilson . Credited as a regular , Anthony Head left the series after his character was killed off in `` The Wicked Day '' . Nathaniel Parker joined the regular cast in this series ( credited as such for the first time in `` Aithusa '' ) and John Hurt returned as the voice of the Great Dragon . Supporting cast members include Adetomiwa Edun , Eoin Macken , Tom Hopper , and Rupert Young .   Notable guest actors include Santiago Cabrera , Emilia Fox , Gemma Jones , Phil Davis , James Callis , Lindsay Duncan , Gary Lewis , Charlene McKenna , Janet Montgomery , Terence Maynard , Ben Daniels , Miranda Raison and Caroline Faber .

neg: Giving Victims a Voice Giving Victims a Voice is a report published in January 2013 , relating to allegations of sexual abuse made against English DJ and BBC Television presenter Jimmy Savile ( 1926 -- 2011 ) as part of the Operation Yewtree criminal investigation . It was initiated as a result of publicity surrounding the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal . The Metropolitan Police Service ( MPS ) and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ( NSPCC ) jointly produced this report . It marked the end of investigations made under the operation regarding Savile alone .   The scandal resulted in hundreds of alleged victims of Savile and other abusers approaching the police and the NSPCC . Their claims were investigated and formed the basis of the report , which found that Savile 's alleged offences were committed across England and Scotland , in hospitals , prison facilities , schools and BBC premises . Offences were reported between 1955 and 2009 , totalling 214 alleged offences across 28 police forces . The most frequent alleged offending coincided with Savile 's peak celebrity status . Numbers of alleged victims totalled 450 , of whom 328 were minors at the time . They were aged between 8 and 47 years , majority being 1316 .   The Director of Public Prosecutions ( DPP ) described the report as marking a `` watershed moment '' and apologised for `` shortcomings '' in the handling of prior abuse claims . The report 's publication resulted in some highlighting what could be systemic failure because of the number of complainants and institutions identified , but others criticised it for treating allegations as facts . The DPP 's Principal Legal Advisor concluded that Savile could have been prosecuted for offences against at least three victims during his lifetime . After the report , investigations were further initiated in other hospitals . Ex-Metropolitan Police Commissioner Peter Spindler ( who had previously led Operation Yewtree ) estimated that there may be many more victims who had not come forward .

neg: Ridge Hill transmitting station The Ridge Hill transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located 8.5 miles SE of Hereford in Herefordshire , and close to the border of Gloucestershire . The station transmits the full complement of digital terrestrial multiplexes and an additional ITV West Multiplex . It includes a cable stayed steel lattice mast which has a height of 164.6 m , which in addition to the altitude of the site gives an aerial height of 363 m above mean sea level .   Ridge Hill supplies its signal to 17 relays which allow coverage into `` fringe '' areas not able to receive a good signal from the main transmitter .   All 5 analogue programme channels were broadcast plus the full 6 digital MUXES although the multiplexes were scattered across the band requiring a wideband aerial for most consumers . Digital switchover was completed on 20 April 2011 where all multiplexes are now located in the Group A antenna band .   In addition to its television output Ridge Hill transmits various radio stations including BBC Hereford and Worcester .   The station covers the south west Midlands , including Herefordshire , and parts of Worcestershire . It also covers parts of the South West , specifically northern Gloucestershire . It does not , however , transmit BBC local programmes for Gloucestershire . These are covered by the Mendip transmitter which can not be seen from the Gloucester/Cheltenham area .   From 4 December 2006 Ridge Hill broadcast ITV1 West on UHF channel 30 ( rebroadcasting the signal from Mendip ) in addition to the existing ITV1 Central service on channel 25 . This is known as `` Ridge Hill West '' . This followed the restructuring of ITV Regional News and the abolition of the Central South region . As a result , the existing ITV1 Central service now carries news from the West Midlands region , with the new West service being provided for viewers in the south east of the service area in areas such as Gloucester and Cheltenham , which are editorially more closely linked to the west country . This change effectively united ITV coverage for Gloucestershire , as the southern half of the county has always been covered by Mendip and its relays . Since the digital switchover , an extra Digital 3 & 4 multiplex for ITV1 West has been broadcast on UHF 29 .

neg: Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast .   In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run .   Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy .   Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes .   It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle .   Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .

neg: Dramatic soprano A dramatic soprano is a type of operatic soprano with a powerful , rich , emotive voice that can sing over , or cut through , a full orchestra . Thicker vocal folds in dramatic voices usually ( but not always ) mean less agility than lighter voices but a sustained , fuller sound . Usually this voice has a lower tessitura than other sopranos , and a darker timbre . They are often used for heroic , often long-suffering , tragic women of opera . Dramatic sopranos have a range from approximately low A ( A3 ) to `` high C '' ( C6 ) . Some dramatic sopranos , known as Wagnerian sopranos , have an exceptionally big voice that can assert itself over a large orchestra ( of more than 80 or even 100 pieces ) . These voices are substantial , often denser in tone , extremely powerful and , ideally , evenly balanced throughout the vocal registers . Wagnerian sopranos usually play mythic heroines . Successful Wagnerian sopranos are rare and often Wagnerian roles are performed by Italianate dramatic sopranos .

neg: Ralph Richardson, roles and awards Sir Ralph Richardson ( 1902 -- 1983 ) was an English actor who appeared on radio , film , television and stage . Described by The Guardian as `` indisputably our most poetic actor '' , and by the director David Ayliff as `` a natural actor ... -LSB- who -RSB- could n't stop being a perfect actor '' , Richardson 's career lasted over 50 years . He was -- in the words of his biographer , Sheridan Morley -- one `` of the three great actor knights of the mid-twentieth century '' , alongside Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud .   After seeing a production of Hamlet starring Sir Frank Benson , Richardson decided to become an actor and made his stage debut , playing a gendarme in The Bishop 's Candlesticks in December 1920 . After touring and appearing in rep , he made his London debut in July 1926 as the stranger in Oedipus at Colonus . In 1930 he joined the Old Vic where he first met Gielgud , staying with the company until the following year . After service during the Second World War with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve , he returned to acting , preferring the works of the more modern authors Luigi Pirandello , Joe Orton , Harold Pinter , George Bernard Shaw and J. B. Priestley to the classic plays of Shakespeare . A radio career ran in parallel to that on the stage , and Richardson was first broadcast in The City in 1929 .   Richardson 's film career began in 1931 as an uncredited extra in Dreyfus ; he did not take film seriously as a medium , but undertook the work for money . His career in film was described by the film historian Brian McFarlane , writing for the British Film Institute , as `` prolific and random '' ; McFarlane considered that in Richardson 's performances , `` he would remind one that he had few peers and no superiors in his particular line '' . Richardson won many awards for his performances on stage and screen before his death , including a BAFTA award for The Sound Barrier ; an Evening Standard Award for Home , which he shared with John Gielgud ; and a special Laurence Olivier Award . His final film , Greystoke : The Legend of Tarzan , Lord of the Apes -- for which he received further critical plaudits and award nominations -- was released after his death .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Face of Boe The Face of Boe is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Not portrayed on-screen by an actor , the Face of Boe is a wholly mechanical effect , resembling a gigantic human-like head with a weathered face and in place of hair , numerous tendrils which terminate in round pod-like structures . Typically this is encased in a clear sealed container and mounted on a movable pedestal base . The Face merely grunted during his appearance in `` The End of the World '' , communicated telepathically in `` New Earth '' and `` Gridlock '' , and spoke for the first and last time in the latter , and was voiced by Struan Rodger . It is stated in `` New Earth '' that he is thought to be millions of years old ( billions , at least according to `` Gridlock '' ) ; however , when this was suggested to him , he responded with a leading question concerning the impossibility of such an age . It was suggested in `` Last of the Time Lords '' that the Face of Boe is a future Jack Harkness .

neg: Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City .   Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death .   Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .

neg: Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .

neg: Bartle taxonomy of player types The Bartle taxonomy of player types is a classification of video game players ( gamers ) based on a 1996 paper by Richard Bartle according to their preferred actions within the game . The classification originally described players of multiplayer online games ( including MUDs and MMORPGs ) , though now it also refers to players of single-player video games .   The taxonomy is based on a character theory . This character theory consists of four characters : Achievers , Explorers , Socializers , and Killers . These are imagined according to a quadrant model where the X axis represents preference for interacting with other players vs. exploring the world and the Y axis represents preference for interaction vs. unilateral action .   A test known as Bartle Test of Gamer Psychology based on Bartle 's taxonomy was created in 1999 -- 2000 by Erwin Andreasen and Brandon Downey , containing a series of questions and an accompanying scoring formula . Although the test has met with some criticism for the dichotomous nature of its question-asking method , as of October 2011 , it had been taken over 800,000 times .   The result of the Bartle Test is the `` Bartle Quotient '' , which is calculated based on the answers to a series of 30 random questions in the test , and totals 200 % across all categories , with no single category exceeding 100 % . For example , a person may score `` 100 % Killer , 50 % Socializer , 40 % Achiever , 10 % Explorer '' , which indicates a player who prefers fighting other players relative to any other area of interest . Scores are typically abbreviated by the first letter of each category , in order of the quotient . In the previous example , this result would be described as a `` KSAE '' result .

neg: List of Sherlock Holmes episodes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ( 1984 -- 1985 ) , The Return of Sherlock Holmes ( 1986 -- 1988 ) , The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes ( 1991 -- 1993 ) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes ( 1994 ) , collectively known as Sherlock Holmes , are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom . The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke ( in the Adventures series ) and Edward Hardwicke ( Return , Case-Book , Memoirs ) as Dr. Watson .   The programme adapted 42 of the original stories in 41 episodes , with 36 running for 50 minutes ( in a one-hour timeslot ) , and five being feature-length specials . Adventures ran for two series totalling 13 episodes , from April to June 1984 and August to September 1985 . Return ran for two series from July to August 1986 and April to August 1988 , as well as the specials `` The Sign of Four '' and `` The Hound of the Baskervilles '' , which aired on 29 December 1987 and 31 August 1988 respectively . Case-Book ran for one series from February to March 1991 and three specials which aired on 2 January 1992 and 27 January and 3 February 1993 . Memoirs ran for one series from March to April 1994 . A short episode was also produced as part of `` The Four Oaks Mystery '' which aired during the ITV Telethon in 1992 . Sherlock Holmes appeared in the first part , with the casts of Van der Valk , Taggart and Inspector Wexford appearing in the second , third and fourth parts respectively .   The series has been released on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 and 4 , and has been repeated on ITV3 and BBC Two .

neg: John Beard (tenor) John Beard ( c. 1716 -- 5 February 1791 ) was an English tenor of the 18th century . He is best remembered for creating an extensive number of roles in the operas and oratorios of George Frideric Handel .   His début came in Handel 's 1734 revival of Il pastor fido ( Handel ) , which was a great success . He continued to sing for Handel , creating roles in ten of his operas and performing in every one of Handel 's English-language oratorios , odes , and music dramas , with the sole exception of The Choice of Hercules . He also performed for Thomas Arne , and sang at the Chapel Royal . His marriage , during 1739 , to Lady Henrietta Herbert , only daughter of James Waldegrave , 1st Earl Waldegrave caused much scandal : Lord Egmont commented that `` there is no prudence below the girdle '' . Lady Henrietta died in 1753 and in 1759 he married again , this time to Charlotte Rich , whose father was the proprietor of the opera house in Covent Garden . After he died in 1761 Beard succeeded to the role until 1767 , when deafness forced him to retire , selling Covent Garden 's ownership for # 60,000 . He died at Hampton .   Handel created several heroic leading roles for Beard , a revolution in the heyday of the castrato voice . The title roles in Samson , Judas Maccabeus , and Jeptha call for strength and expressive qualities over agility . He also sang the role of Farmer Hawthorne in the world premiere of Thomas Arne 's Love in a Village . Charles Burney commented that he `` constantly possessed the favour of the public by his superior conduct , knowledge of Music , and intelligence as an actor . '' Burney 's article in Rees 's Cyclopædia noted that Beard , `` an energetic English singer , and an excellent actor , was brought up in the king 's chapel . He knew as much of music as was necessary to sing a single part at sight , and with a voice that was more powerful than sweet , he became the most useful and favourite singer of his time , on the stage , at Ranelagh , at all concerts ; and in Handel 's oratorios he had always a capital part , being by his knowledge of music the most steady support of the choruses , not only of Handel , but in the odes of Green and Boyce '' .

neg: Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes .   In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run .   Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )

neg: Herbert Marshall Herbert Brough Falcon Marshall ( 23 May 1890 -- 22 January 1966 ) was an English stage , screen and radio actor who , in spite of losing a leg during the First World War , starred in many popular and well-regarded Hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s . After a successful theatrical career in the United Kingdom and North America , he became an in-demand Hollywood leading man , frequently appearing in romantic melodramas and occasional comedies . In his later years , he turned to character acting .   The son of actors , Marshall is best remembered for roles in Ernst Lubitsch 's Trouble in Paradise ( 1932 ) , Alfred Hitchcock 's Murder ! ( 1930 ) and Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 ) , William Wyler 's The Letter ( 1940 ) and The Little Foxes ( 1941 ) , Albert Lewin 's The Moon and Sixpence ( 1942 ) , Edmund Goulding 's The Razor 's Edge ( 1946 ) , and Kurt Neumann 's The Fly ( 1958 ) . He appeared onscreen with many of the most prominent leading ladies of Hollywood 's Golden Age , including Greta Garbo , Marlene Dietrich and Bette Davis .   From 1944 to 1952 , Marshall starred in his own radio series , The Man Called ` X ' . Often praised for the quality of his voice , he made numerous radio guest appearances and hosted several shows . He performed on television as well . The actor , known for his charm , married five times and periodically appeared in gossip columns because of his sometimes turbulent private life . During the Second World War , he worked on the rehabilitation of injured troops , especially aiding amputees like himself . Marshall received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 .