query: Marilyn Monroe worked with every director in Hollywood except for Billy Wilder.

pos: The Seven Year Itch The Seven Year Itch is a 1955 American romantic comedy film based on a three-act play with the same name by George Axelrod . The film was co-written and directed by Billy Wilder , and stars Marilyn Monroe and Tom Ewell , reprising his Broadway role from the play . It contains one of the most iconic images of the 20th century -- Monroe standing on a subway grate as her white dress is blown upwards by a passing train . The titular phrase , which refers to declining interest in a monogamous relationship after seven years of marriage , has been used by psychologists .

pos: Marilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe ( born Norma Jeane Mortenson ; June 1 , 1926 -- August 5 , 1962 ) was an American actress and model . Famous for playing comic `` dumb blonde '' characters , she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s , emblematic of the era 's attitudes towards sexuality . Although she was a top-billed actress for only a decade , her films grossed $ 200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962 . She continues to be considered a major popular culture icon .   Born and raised in Los Angeles , Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage and married at the age of sixteen . While working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort , she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career . The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox ( 1946 -- 1947 ) and Columbia Pictures ( 1948 ) . After a series of minor film roles , she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951 . Over the next two years , she became a popular actress with roles in several comedies , including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business , and in the dramas Clash by Night and Do n't Bother to Knock . Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for nude photos before becoming a star , but rather than damaging her career , the story resulted in increased interest in her films .   By 1953 , Monroe was one of the most marketable Hollywood stars , with leading roles in three films : the noir Niagara , which focused on her sex appeal , and the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire , which established her star image as a `` dumb blonde '' . Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career , she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio . She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project , but returned to star in one of the biggest box office successes of her career , The Seven Year Itch ( 1955 ) .   When the studio was still reluctant to change her contract , Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954 ; she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions ( MMP ) . She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio . In late 1955 , Fox awarded her a new contract , which gave her more control and a larger salary . After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop ( 1956 ) and acting in the first independent production of MMP , The Prince and the Showgirl ( 1957 ) , she won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for Some Like It Hot ( 1959 ) . Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits ( 1961 ) .   Monroe 's troubled private life received much attention . She struggled with substance abuse , depression , and anxiety . She had two highly publicized marriages , to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller , both of which ended in divorce . On August 5 , 1962 , she died at age 36 from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles . Although Monroe 's death was ruled a probable suicide , several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death .

neg: No Man of Her Own (1932 film) No Man of Her Own is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama starring Clark Gable and Carole Lombard as a married couple in their only film together , several years before their own legendary marriage in real life . The movie was directed by Wesley Ruggles , and originated as an adaptation of No Bed of Her Own , a 1932 novel by Val Lewton , but ended up based more on a story by Benjamin Glazer and Edmund Goulding , although it retained the title it got from Lewton 's novel . It is not related to the 1950 film of the same name .   Released just three years after the stock market crash of 1929 , the plot focuses on the character `` Babe '' Stewart ( played by Gable ) , a card sharp and gambling cheat , and `` Connie Randall '' , a street-wise librarian with whom he develops a relationship . Prevalent themes thoughout the story include crime , gambling , dishonesty , love , commitment and redemption .

neg: Muriel Box Muriel Box ( 22 September 1905 -- 18 May 1991 ) was an Oscar-winning English screenwriter and director .   She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth , Surrey , England in 1905 . When her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful , she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures . In 1935 , she met and married journalist Sydney Box , with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for amateur theatre groups . Their production company , Verity Films , first released short propaganda films , including The English Inn ( 1941 ) , her first directing effort , after which it branched into fiction . The couple achieved their greatest joint success with The Seventh Veil ( 1945 ) for which they gained the Academy Award for Best Writing , Original Screenplay in the following year .   After the war , the Rank Organisation hired her husband to head Gainsborough Pictures , where she was in charge of the scenario department , writing scripts for a number of light comedies , including two for child star Petula Clark , Easy Money and Here Come the Huggetts ( both 1948 ) . She occasionally assisted as a dialogue director , or re-shot scenes during post-production . Her extensive work on The Lost People ( 1949 ) gained her a credit as co-director , her first for a full-length feature .   In 1951 , her husband created London Independent Producers , allowing Box more opportunities to direct . Many of her early films were adaptations of plays , and as such had a stage-bound feel , since she rarely shot on location . They were noteworthy more for their strong performances than they were for a distinctive directorial style . She favoured scripts with topical and frequently controversial themes , including Irish politics , teenage sex , abortion , illegitimacy , and syphilis , and several of her films were banned by local authorities .   She pursued her favorite subject -- the female experience -- in a number of films , including Street Corner ( 1953 ) about women police officers , Somerset Maugham 's The Beachcomber ( 1954 ) , with Donald Sinden and Glynis Johns as a resourceful missionary , again working with Donald Sinden on Eyewitness ( 1956 ) and a series of comedies about the battle of the sexes , including The Passionate Stranger ( 1957 ) , The Truth About Women ( 1958 ) and her final film , Rattle of a Simple Man ( 1964 ) .   Box often experienced prejudice in a male-dominated industry , especially hurtful when perpetrated by another female . In 1950 , Jean Simmons had her replaced on So Long at the Fair , and Kay Kendall unsuccessfully attempted to do the same with Simon and Laura ( 1955 ) . Many producers questioned her competence to direct large-scale feature films , and while the press was quick to note her position as one of very few women directors in the British film industry , their tone tended to be condescending rather than filled with praise .   She left film-making to write novels and created a successful publishing house , Femina , which proved to be a rewarding outlet for her feminism . She divorced Sydney Box in 1969 . The following year , she married Gerald Gardiner , who had been Lord Chancellor . She died in Hendon , London in 1991 .

neg: Hello, Dolly! (film) Hello , Dolly ! is a 1969 American romantic comedy musical film based on the Broadway production of the same name . Directed by Gene Kelly and adapted and produced by Ernest Lehman , the cast includes Barbra Streisand , Walter Matthau , Michael Crawford , Danny Lockin , Tommy Tune , Fritz Feld , Marianne McAndrew , E. J. Peaker and Louis Armstrong ( whose recording of the title tune had become a number-one single in May 1964 ) . The film follows the story of Dolly Levi ( a strong-willed matchmaker ) , as she travels to Yonkers , New York , to find a match for the miserly `` well-known unmarried half-a-millionaire '' Horace Vandergelder . In doing so she convinces his niece , his niece 's intended , and Horace 's two clerks to travel to New York City .   The film won three Oscars for Best Art Direction , Best Score of a Musical Picture , and Best Sound Mixing and was nominated for a further four Academy Awards , including Best Picture . Although the film eventually broke even , it was not a commercial success .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Wiener Film Wiener Film ( German ; plural : Wiener Filme ; literally , `` Viennese film '' ) is an Austrian film genre , consisting of a combination of comedy , romance and melodrama in an historical setting , mostly , and typically , the Vienna of the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The Wiener Film genre was in production between the 1920s and the 1950s , with the 1930s as its high period .

neg: Movietone Records Movietone Records was a budget records subsidiary of 20th Century Fox 's record division , which issued 29 albums starting in 1965 and ending in 1967 . Most or all of these were reissues of albums that had appeared earlier on the 20th Century Fox label . Artists featured on these albums included Shirley Temple , Al Martino , Lena Horne , Art Tatum , Marilyn Monroe , and Sylvia Sims .   The name `` Movietone '' had been used by Fox Film Corporation since 1926 , when it was coined by William Fox to name the process he had bought for putting sound on film for `` talkies '' . By the time the 1965 incarnation of the record label came along , Fox had issued some 78s on the Fox Movietone label decades earlier , but these were not commercial issues , as far as is known . `` Movietone '' was also the name Fox gave to its TV and newsreel coverage .

neg: Irma la Douce Irma la Douce is a 1963 romantic comedy starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine , directed by Billy Wilder . It is based on the 1956 French stage musical Irma La Douce by Marguerite Monnot and Alexandre Breffort .

neg: This Year's Blonde This Year 's Blonde is a 1980 low-budgeted American television drama film , based on the Garson Kanin novel Moviola about 1950s sex symbol Marilyn Monroe . The movie starred Constance Forslund as Monroe Lloyd Bridges as Johnny Hyde and Norman Fell and was presented as part of a 3-night TV special event on NBC called Moviola : A Hollywood Saga .   This Year 's Blonde was the first of two TV movies about Monroe in 1980 . The second being , Marilyn : The Untold Story , starring Catherine Hicks . Both movies have been overshadowed by more big-budgeted theatrical films about the star .

neg: Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California .   The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson .   Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .

neg: Vivien Oakland Vivien Oakland ( born Vivian Andersen , May 20 , 1895 -- August 1 , 1958 ) , was an American actress best known for her work in comedies in Hollywood in the 1920s and 1930s , most notably with the Hal Roach Studios . Oakland appeared in 142 films between 1915 and 1951 .

neg: Showgirl in Hollywood Showgirl in Hollywood is a 1930 American Pre-Code all-talking musical comedy-drama film with Technicolor sequences , produced and distributed by First National Pictures , a subsidiary of Warner Bros. . The film stars Alice White , Jack Mulhall and Blanche Sweet . It was adapted from the 1929 novel Hollywood Girl , by J. P. McEvoy .   Al Jolson , Ruby Keeler , Noah Beery , Walter Pidgeon , and Loretta Young make cameo appearances in the final reel , which was photographed in Technicolor . Showgirl in Hollywood is a sequel to the 1928 Warner Bros. silent film Show Girl which also starred Alice White as Dixie Dugan .   A French version of the film , titled Le masque d'Hollywood , was directed by Clarence G. Badger and John Daumery .

neg: The Jack Benny Program (season 4) This is a list of episodes for the fourth season ( 1953 -- 54 ) of the television version of The Jack Benny Program . This season is mostly known for Humphrey Bogart and Marilyn Monroe being on the show ( separately ) . This year had major movie stars of the time , more likely to attract more viewers . The show 's rankings had gone down 33 % from last year , but the show was still popular , and the next season would get more views . This season the program was the 16th highest-ranking show .

neg: Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate .   The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors .   Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City .   Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal .   The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles .   Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .

neg: Red-Headed Woman Red-Headed Woman is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic comedy film , produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , based on a novel of the same name by Katherine Brush , and with a screenplay by Anita Loos . It was directed by Jack Conway , and stars Jean Harlow as a woman who uses sex to advance her social position . During the course of the film , Harlow breaks up a marriage , has multiple affairs and pre-marital sex , and attempts to kill a man .

neg: Alfred Hitchcock filmography Alfred Hitchcock ( 1899 -- 1980 ) was an English director and filmmaker . Popularly known as the `` Master of Suspense '' for his use of innovative film techniques in thrillers , Hitchcock started his career in the British film industry as a title designer and art director for a number of silent films during the early 1920s . His directorial debut was the 1925 release The Pleasure Garden . Hitchcock followed this with The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog , his first commercial and critical success . It featured many of the thematic elements his films would be known for such as an innocent man on the run . It also featured the first of his famous cameo appearances . Two years later he directed Blackmail ( 1929 ) which was his first sound film . In 1935 Hitchcock directed The 39 Steps . Three years later he directed The Lady Vanishes starring Margaret Lockwood , and Michael Redgrave .   In 1940 Hitchcock transitioned to Hollywood productions , the first of which was the psychological thriller Rebecca starring Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine . He received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director , and the film won Best Picture . Hitchcock worked with Fontaine again the following year on the film Suspicion which also starred Cary Grant . In 1943 Hitchcock directed another psychological thriller Shadow of a Doubt which starred Teresa Wright and Joseph Cotten . Three years later he reunited with Grant on Notorious which also starred Ingrid Bergman . The film included a three minute intermittent kissing scene between the leads shot specifically to skirt the Motion Picture Production Code which at the time limited such scenes to three seconds . In 1948 Hitchcock directed Rope which starred James Stewart . The film was his first in Technicolor and is remembered for its use of long takes to make the film appear to be a single continuous shot . Three years later he directed Strangers on a Train ( 1951 ) .   Hitchcock collaborated with Grace Kelly on three films : Dial M for Murder ( 1954 ) , Rear Window ( 1954 ) and To Catch a Thief ( 1955 ) . For Rear Window , Hitchcock received a nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . 1955 marked his debut on television as the host of the anthology television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents which he also produced . In 1958 Hitchcock directed the psychological thriller Vertigo starring Stewart and Kim Novak . The film topped the 2012 poll of the British film magazine Sight & Sound of the 50 Greatest Films of All Time and also topped the American Film Institute 's Top Ten in the mystery genre . He followed this with the spy thriller North by Northwest ( 1959 ) which starred Grant and Eva Marie Saint . In 1960 he directed Psycho , the biggest commercial success of his career and for which he received his fifth nomination for Best Director at the Academy Awards . Three years later he directed horror film The Birds starring Tippi Hedren . The following year he reunited with Hedren on the film Marnie which also starred Sean Connery .   In recognition of his career , Hitchcock garnered the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) Fellowship Award , the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award , the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award , the Directors Guild of America 's Lifetime Achievement Award and the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award . He received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame to acknowledge his film and television achievements . In 1980 Hitchcock received a knighthood .

neg: Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to .   Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified .   The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .

neg: June Mathis June Mathis ( January 30 , 1887 -- July 26 , 1927 ) was an American screenwriter . Mathis was the first female executive for Metro/MGM and at only 35 , she was the highest paid executive in Hollywood . In 1926 she was voted the third most influential woman in Hollywood , behind Mary Pickford and Norma Talmadge . Mathis is best remembered for discovering Rudolph Valentino and writing such films as The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse ( 1921 ) and Blood and Sand ( 1922 ) .

neg: Vivien Leigh Vivien Leigh ( born Vivian Mary Hartley , and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947 ; 5 November 19138 July 1967 ) was a British stage and film actress . She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 ) , a role she had also played on stage in London 's West End in 1949 . She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich ( 1963 ) .   After her drama school education , Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England ( 1937 ) . Lauded for her beauty , Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress . Despite her fame as a screen actress , Leigh was primarily a stage performer . During her 30-year career , she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia , Cleopatra , Juliet , and Lady Macbeth . Later in life , she performed as a character actress in a few films .   At the time , the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband Laurence Olivier , who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960 . Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions , with Olivier often directing , and in three films . She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with , and for much of her adult life she suffered from bipolar disorder as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis , which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53 . Although her career had periods of inactivity , in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema .

neg: Louis Elliman Louis Elliman ( 1906 -- 1965 ) , was an Irish impresario and theatre manager .   Elliman was born in Dublin , a son of Maurice Elliman , who had fled from Tsarist persecution in Russia . He was educated at Synge Street CBS .   His father became involved in cinema by establishing the Theatre De Luxe in Camden St. in 1912 . After university Louis started work at a pharmacy but after a few years gave that up to become a film agent in London . In the meantime Maurice acquired Dublin 's Gaiety Theatre , which was passed on to Louis .   In the early 1930s , Louis Elliman sold a 50 % share in the Gaiety to entrepreneur Patrick Wall , a Clare man . The pair also owned the Metropole and the Savoy cinemas . Along with Patrick Wall , Elliman acquired the Theatre Royal , Dublin in 1936 . With the outbreak of the Second World War , Wall and Elliman were forced to keep the two theatres going with native talent only . This led to the emergence of a raft of Irish acts who were to provide the mainstay of the Royal 's output for the remainder of its existence . These included such Irish household names as Jimmy O'Dea , Harry O'Donovan , Maureen Potter , Danny Cummins , Mike Nolan , Alice Dalgarno , Noel Purcell , Micheál MacLiammoir , Cecil Sheridan , Jack Cruise , Paddy Crosbie and Patricia Cahill . In July 1951 Judy Garland appeared for a series of sold out performances at the Royal and was received with tremendous ovations . The legendary singer sang from her dressing room window to hundreds of people who were unable to get tickets and critics dubbed her `` America 's Colleen '' Popular Irish American entertainer Carmel Quinn also made her singing debut in the Theatre Royal during the early 1950s .   After a spell acquiring cinemas around the country , which were taken over by the Rank Organization , Louis went into film production . In 1957 he opened Ardmore Studios . With managing director Emmet Dalton he travelled to the US to promote the studios and to acquire foreign investment . The studios accordingly landed its first major foreign booking with 1959 's Shake Hands with the Devil , starring Oscar winner James Cagney and Dana Wynter . A year later progress was consolidated when Robert Mitchum appeared in Tay Garnett 's `` A Terrible Beauty '' . In 1961 , Ardmore Studios hosted the controversial `` The Mark '' , directed by Guy Green , which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and earned its star , Stuart Whitman , an Oscar nomination . Other films produced at this time include Don Chaffey 's The Webster Boys and `` Johnny Nobody '' with Cyril Cusack . Hammer Films also utilised the studios as a base for their production , The Viking Queen . The studios went into receivership in 1963 but re-opened later .   Under pressure from rising overheads and the increasing popularity of the cinema and the introduction of television , the Theatre Royal closed its doors on 30 June 1962 .   By this time Louis was dogged by bad health and died in 1965 .

neg: The Barker The Barker is a 1928 part-talkie pre-code romantic drama film produced and released by First National Pictures , a subsidiary of Warner Bros. , acquired in September 1928 . The film was directed by George Fitzmaurice and stars Milton Sills , Dorothy Mackaill , Betty Compson , and Douglas Fairbanks , Jr. . .   The film is based on the Broadway play of the same name which opened at the Biltmore Theatre January 18 , 1927 and ran until July 1927 for 221 performances . In the stage production Walter Huston was `` Nifty '' and a still relatively unknown Claudette Colbert was `` Lou '' , played in the film by Dorothy Mackaill .   The film was adapted by Benjamin Glazer , Joseph Jackson and Herman J. Mankiewicz from the play by Kenyon Nicholson . The Barker is a part-talkie with talking sequences and sequences with synchronized musical scoring and sound effects .


query: Klute was directed by an American film director, writer and producer.

pos: Klute Klute is a 1971 American neo-noir crime-thriller film directed and produced by Alan J. Pakula , written by Andy and Dave Lewis , and starring Jane Fonda , Donald Sutherland , Charles Cioffi , and Roy Scheider . It tells the story of a high-priced prostitute who assists a detective in solving a missing person case .   Klute is the first installment of what informally came to be known as Pakula 's `` paranoia trilogy '' . The other two films in the trilogy are The Parallax View ( 1974 ) and All the President 's Men ( 1976 ) .   The film includes a cameo appearance by Warhol superstars actress Candy Darling , and another by All in the Family costar Jean Stapleton . The music was composed by Michael Small .   Jane Fonda won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the film .

pos: Alan J. Pakula Alan Jay Pakula ( -LSB- pəˈkuːlə -RSB- April 7 , 1928 -- November 19 , 1998 ) was an American film director , writer and producer . He was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Picture for To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , Best Director for All the President 's Men ( 1976 ) and Best Adapted Screenplay for Sophie 's Choice ( 1982 ) .   Pakula was also notable for directing his `` paranoia trilogy '' : All the President 's Men , Klute ( 1971 ) , and The Parallax View ( 1974 ) .

neg: Gary King (director) Gary R. King ( born November 15 , 1972 ) is an American director and writer .

neg: Michael Landon Jr. Michael Graham Landon Jr. ( born June 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor , director , writer , and producer .

neg: Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .

neg: Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .

neg: Matija Kluković Matija Kluković ( born May 4 , 1982 in Zagreb , Croatia ) is a young Croatian independent film director . In 2006 . he finished his debut feature Slow Days ( Ajde , dan ... prođi ... ) that has received much critical acclaim from Croatian film critics , won Golden Pram award at Zagreb Film Festival and internationally premiered at Rotterdam . In 2008 , Slow Days placed 15th in the list of the best Croatian films since 1990 , compiled by Jutarnji list .

neg: Jenn Shaw Jennifer Jeanine Shaw ( born September 15 , 1983 ) is an American film director and producer

neg: Allen Wolf Allen Wolf ( born October 29 , 1970 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , film producer , novelist , and board game creator .

neg: Roger Kumble Roger Kumble ( born May 28 , 1966 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and playwright .

neg: Mike John Mike John is the pseudonym of an American pornographic movie producer , director , and actor .

neg: Mitchell Altieri Mitchell Altieri is an American film director , producer and writer .

neg: Callie Khouri Carolyn Ann `` Callie '' Khouri ( born November 27 , 1957 ) is a Syrian-American film and television screenwriter , producer , and director . In 1992 she won the Academy Award for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for the film Thelma & Louise , which was controversial upon its release , but which subsequently became a classic . It was inducted into the Library of Congress National Film Registry in December of 2016 .   Khouri 's most recent movie , Mad Money , was released in 2008 . On October 10 , 2012 , Khouri 's television series , Nashville , premiered on ABC . The critics awarded it strong reviews . In 2016 , Nashville moved to CMT .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Sanja Bestic Sanja Bestic ( Serbian : Сања Бeштић , Sanja Beštić ; born 13 June 1982 in Zemun , Belgrade , Serbia ) is a Serbian-American director , writer and producer .

neg: Jon Avnet Jonathan Michael Avnet ( born November 17 , 1949 ) , better known as Jon Avnet , is an American director , writer and producer .

neg: Alonso Duralde Alonso Duralde ( born May 18 , 1967 ) is an American writer and film critic .

neg: Peter Segal Not to be confused with NPR personality Peter Sagal   Peter Segal ( born 1962 ) is an American film director , producer , screenwriter and actor . Segal has directed the comedy films Tommy Boy ( 1995 ) , My Fellow Americans ( 1996 ) , The Nutty Professor II : The Klumps ( 2000 ) , Anger Management ( 2003 ) , 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) , The Longest Yard ( 2005 ) , Get Smart ( 2008 ) , Grudge Match ( 2013 ) .

neg: Adam Davenport Adam Davenport ( born May 27 , 1984 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , stage actor and music producer .

neg: David Zellner David Zellner is an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He lives and works in Austin , Texas . Zellner is best known for directing the films Kid-Thing ( 2012 ) and Kumiko , the Treasure Hunter ( 2014 ) .

neg: Alexander Payne Alexander Payne ( born Constantine Alexander Payne ; February 10 , 1961 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer , known for the films Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , Election ( 1999 ) , About Schmidt ( 2002 ) , Sideways ( 2004 ) , The Descendants ( 2011 ) , and Nebraska ( 2013 ) . His films are noted for their dark humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society . Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director .

neg: Oscar Velasquez Oscar Velasquez ( born September 5 , 1988 ) is an American film director , screenwriter and producer .


query: Attack the Block is only a book.

pos: Attack the Block Attack the Block is a 2011 British science fiction horror comedy film written and directed by Joe Cornish and starring Jodie Whittaker , John Boyega , Nick Frost and Luke Treadaway . It is notable for being the film debut for both Cornish , Boyega , and future Academy Award-winning composer Steven Price .   The film centres on a teenage street gang who have to defend themselves from predatory alien invaders on a council estate in South London on Guy Fawkes Night . Released on 11 May 2011 , it achieved significant popularity , favourable critical reviews , and accolades internationally . Attack the Block has been listed as a cult film in the making by a significant number of websites .

neg: The Block (album) The Block is the fifth studio album by New Kids on the Block . The album was released on September 2 , 2008 , along with a deluxe edition that included four bonus tracks . It sold 100,000 copies in its first week of release and debuted at number one on the U.S. Top Pop Albums chart and at number two on the Billboard 200 . Several artists collaborated on the album , such as Ne-Yo , Lady Gaga , The Pussycat Dolls , Akon , Teddy Riley and New Edition .   The first official single from the album is `` Summertime '' and the song was released on May 13 , 2008 . The second official single titled `` Single '' featuring Ne-Yo was released on August 12 , 2008 . The third single `` Dirty Dancing '' was released on December 19 . The single was the album 's most successful single in Europe and Canada , peaking at number 31 and reaching the number-one position on the CHUM Chart in Toronto on February 21 , 2009 after twelve weeks on the chart . The album 's fourth single , `` 2 in the Morning '' , was officially released February 23 , 2009 in the United States and the United Kingdom .   It is the group 's first studio album in fourteen years since Face the Music .

neg: We Were There The We Were There books are a series of historical novels written for children . The series consists of 36 titles , first released between 1955 and 1963 by Grosset & Dunlap . Each book in the series is a fictional retelling of an historical event , featuring one or more children as primary characters . The books were written by a number of different authors , each writing from one to seven of the books ; the authors included Benjamin Appel , Jim Kjelgaard , Earl Schenck Miers , William O. Steele , and others . Each book 's byline also lists a separate `` historical consultant , '' who was a specialist in the historic topic covered by that particular book . The historical consultants were typically college professors or , in the case of war-related stories , retired military officers ; among the more noteworthy consultants for the series were the historians Bruce Catton , Walter Prescott Webb and A. B. Guthrie , Jr. . The books are illustrated with black-and-white line art , with color drawings on the dust jacket .   The dust jackets of the original printings of the books describe the series as follows :   We Were There books are easy to read and provide exciting , entertaining stories , based upon true historic events . Each story is checked for factual accuracy by an outstanding authority on this particular phase of our history . Though written simply enough for young readers , they make interesting reading for boys and girls well into their teens .  The original hardbound editions of the books were followed by several other printings , including editions for book clubs and libraries . The books were later reissued with hardbound picture covers ( using the original dust jacket artwork ) , and softcover editions of some books became available in the 1970s . Three of the books are available from Lamppost Publishers and American Home School Publishers . Most of the original books are available in varying used conditions from various sellers through Amazon , although selection will naturally vary at any given time .

neg: Key-recovery attack A key-recovery attack is an adversary 's attempt to recover the cryptographic key of an encryption scheme . Historically , cryptanalysis of block ciphers has focused on key-recovery , but security against these sorts of attacks is a very weak guarantee since it may not be necessary to recover the key to obtain partial information about the message or decrypt message entirely . Modern cryptography uses more robust notions of security . Recently , indistinguishability under adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack ( IND-CCA2 security ) has become the `` golden standard '' of security . The most obvious key-recovery attack is the exhaustive key-search attack . But modern ciphers often have a key space of size or greater , making such attacks infeasible with current technology .

neg: An Experiment in Criticism An Experiment in Criticism is a 1961 book by C. S. Lewis in which he proposes that the quality of books should be measured not by how they are written , but by how they are read . To do this , the author describes two kinds of readers . One is what he calls the `` unliterary '' , and the other the `` literary '' . He proceeds to outline some of the differences between these two types of readers . For example , one characterization of an unliterary reader is that the argument `` I 've read it before '' is a conclusive reason not to read a book . In contrast , literary readers reread books many times , savoring certain passages , and attempting to glean more from subsequent readings .   Lewis also argued that judging books by whether they are `` lowbrow '' or `` highbrow '' is not necessarily fruitful ; many `` lowbrow '' books prove to be valuable to a literary reader willing to approach without prejudgment . He noted that books classified as `` lowbrow '' , such as science fiction , are also capable of inducing a passion to re-read and imparting experience which changes reader 's worldview . Lewis suggests that books which are capable of doing this may prove to have enduring merit regardless of their genre of origin . He suggested that attempting to judge the literary merit of books based on traditional criteria may not prove fruitful .   Thus , Lewis suggests that a quality book is one that someone , anyone will re-read . A highbrow view that such a book is poor quality has failed to appreciate whatever qualities merit re-reading by someone .

neg: Open Book Alliance The Open Book Alliance was an organization formed in 2009 to contest the Google Book Search Settlement , which it believe could allow Google , the Association of American Publishers and the Authors ' Guild collectively `` to monopolize the access , distribution and pricing of the largest digital database of books in the world '' . It was led by anti-trust lawyer Gary Reback . The Settlement was rejected by a federal judge in March 2011 and the Alliance 's blog has been inactive since May 2012 .   Its members were : Amazon.com , American Society of Journalists and Authors , Council of Literary Magazines and Presses , Internet Archive , Microsoft , National Writers Union , New York Library Association , Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America , Small Press Distribution , Special Libraries Association and Yahoo! .

neg: The Insult The Insult is a novel by Rupert Thomson . The novel describes the life of Martin Blom , who is shot while walking to his car and consequently goes blind . While being treated in a clinic , he seemingly regains his vision , but only at night . While his doctors assure him he has Anton 's syndrome , he believes adamantly in his ability to see , even going so far as to disguise it from others who think him still blind . The book is written as a first-person narrative .   The novel 's title is a pun on the use of the word `` insult '' to describe traumatic brain injury and refers to the shock of losing one 's sight as the ultimate insult .

neg: Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization .   The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication .   In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) .   In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture .   With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records .   Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .

neg: Remaindered book Remaindered books or remainders are printed books that are no longer selling well and whose remaining unsold copies are liquidated by the publisher at greatly reduced prices . While the publisher may take a net loss on the sales of these books , they are able to recover at least some of their sunken costs on the sale and clear out space in the warehouses .   Copies of remaindered books may be marked by the publisher , distributor , or bookseller to prevent them from being returned . `` Remainder marks '' have varied over the years , but today most remainders are marked with a stroke with a felt-tipped marker across the top or bottom of the book 's pages , near the spine .   Only hardcovers and trade paperbacks ( paperback books , often larger than `` pocket '' paperbacks , sold `` to the trade '' or directly to sales outlets ) are typically remaindered . Mass market paperbacks ( `` pocket '' paperback books sold through a third-party distributor ) usually become stripped books rather than remaindered books . A book that might retail for $ 20 will typically be purchased by someone specializing in remainders for $ 1 and resold for approximately $ 5 .

neg: List of Fighting Fantasy gamebooks Fighting Fantasy is a series of single-player fantasy roleplay gamebooks created by Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone . The first volume in the series was published by Puffin in 1982 , with the rights to the franchise eventually being purchased by Wizard Books in 2002 . The series distinguished itself by featuring a fantasy role-playing element , with the caption on each cover claiming each title was `` a Fighting Fantasy gamebook in which YOU are the hero ! '' The popularity of the series led to the creation of merchandise such as action figures , board games , role-playing game systems , magazines , novels and video games .

neg: Book talk A booktalk in the broadest terms is what is spoken with the intent to convince someone to read a book . Booktalks are traditionally conducted in a classroom setting for students ; however , booktalks can be performed outside a school setting and with a variety of age groups as well . It is not a book review , a book report , or a book analysis . The booktalker gives the audience a glimpse of the setting , the characters , and/or the major conflict without providing the resolution or denouement . Booktalks attempt to make listeners care enough about the content of the book to want to read it . A long booktalk is usually about five to seven minutes long and a short booktalk is generally 180 seconds to 4 minutes long .

neg: Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows is a book containing religious texts and instructions for magical rituals found within the Neopagan religion of Wicca.Throughout the centuries many practicing witches would account their knowledge in their Book Of Shadows , however once witches were threatened by the prospect of being executed many , wisely , stopped and destroyed their BoS in order to stay safe and alive . However there are still several books that have managed to survived through history . One famous Book of Shadows was created by the pioneering Wiccan Gerald Gardner sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s , and which he utilised first in his Bricket Wood coven and then in other covens which he founded in following decades . The Book of Shadows is also used by other Wiccan traditions , such as Alexandrianism and Mohsianism , and with the rise of books teaching people how to begin following Wicca in the 1970s onward , the idea of the Book of Shadows was then further propagated amongst solitary practitioners unconnected to earlier traditions .   Initially , when Wicca was still dominated by covens , `` only one copy -LSB- of the Book -RSB- existed for an entire coven , kept by the high priestess or high priest . That rule has proved unfeasible , and it is -LSB- now -RSB- commonplace for all Witches to have their own copies . '' In the various traditions that make up British Traditional Wicca , copies of the original Book composed by Gerald Gardner with the aid of his High Priestess Doreen Valiente , along with alterations and additions that have been made since then , is followed by adherents . They have tried to keep the contents of this Book a secret , although it has been published on a number of occasions by figures such as Charles Cardell , Lady Sheba , and Janet and Stewart Farrar . In other Wiccan traditions and amongst a number of solitary practitioners , alternate versions of the Book have been written that are independent of Gardner 's original .   Numerous associations and traditions have since grown up around the Book of Shadows . Traditionally , `` a Witch 's book of shadows is destroyed upon death . '' The concept of the Book of Shadows has subsequently appeared in popular culture , for instance being utilised in the American television series Charmed and providing the title of films , musical albums and comics . However , in all these cases it was taken out of its original Wiccan context .

neg: List of The New York Times Manga Best Sellers The New York Times Best Seller list for manga published in the United States was introduced on March 5 , 2009 , along with two additional lists for hardcover and paperback graphic novels . The three lists are grouped under the `` Graphic Books '' category . Deborah Hoffman , an editor for the Best Seller lists , explained that the term `` Graphic Books '' was selected to create an `` inclusive and expansive '' list which can extend to works of both fiction and non-fiction . Journalist George Gustines announced , in his introduction of the new lists , `` Comics have finally joined the mainstream . '' The announcement was made the week the film Watchmen , based on the comic book of the same name , was released in movie theaters throughout the U.S. . The Best Seller lists are printed weekly in The New York Times Book Review magazine , which is published in the Sunday edition of The New York Times and as a stand-alone publication .   Gustines explained the methodology used to determine the rankings :   Rankings reflect sales of graphic novels -LSB- ... -RSB- at many thousands of venues where a wide range of books are sold nationwide . These include hundreds of independent book retailers ( statistically weighted to represent all such outlets ) ; national , regional and local chains ; online and multimedia entertainment retailers ; university , gift , supermarket , discount department stores and newsstands . In addition , these rankings also include unit sales reported by retailers nationwide that specialize in graphic novels and comic books .   On multiple occasions , manga have been listed outside its designated list . Mike Kiley , then-Senior Vice President of the publisher Tokyopop , explained in 2010 that it has become more difficult to draw a distinguishing line between works that are manga and manga-inspired , such as Korean manhwa and American original English language ( OEL ) manga . A Drifting Life , an autobiographical manga by Yoshihiro Tatsumi , appeared on the May 3 , 2009 , Best Seller list for paperback graphic novels , where it ranked third . X-Men : Misfits , an original English manga based on the X-Men comic book franchise , ranked fifth at its debut on the August 30 , 2009 , paperback graphic novels list , and stayed on the chart for five consecutive weeks . The first volume of a manhwa adaptation of the popular vampire-themed Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer remained on the hardcover graphic novels Best Seller list for 27 consecutive weeks in 2010 .   In January 2017 , the Times decided to stop producing the separate manga best seller list .

neg: Pan Book of Horror Stories The Pan Book of Horror Stories was a paperback series of short horror story anthologies published by Pan Books Ltd. . The series ran to thirty volumes , the first published in 1959 .   The series was initially collected and edited by Herbert Van Thal . On Van Thal 's death Clarence Paget edited the series , from volume twenty-six until its demise with volume thirty in 1989 .   The early editions of the Pan Book of Horror Stories were notable for their lurid cover art and Van Thal 's introduction of stories by new authors alongside classics of the genre . The first edition included works by Peter Fleming , Muriel Spark , Bram Stoker and C. S. Forester . Later volumes featured Ray Bradbury and Lord Dunsany among others . Basil Copper made his debut in fifth volume , with the story `` The Spider '' . The series also published work by Charles Birkin , R. Chetwynd-Hayes and Alex Hamilton . After volume nine , Van Thal placed a heavier reliance on new authors . The series grew in popularity and was the stepping stone for much new talent . In the 1970s , the increasingly violent content of the Pan Books provoked some controversy . In the early eighties a slow decline in standards was observed . Popularity rose again in the late eighties but a multitude of reprint stories from Stephen King and a severe slide in quality ended the iconic series in 1989 . The last book is now a rare collectors item , due to the small print run it received .   A U.S Edition of the first Pan book was released by Gold Medal , an imprint of Fawcett Publications and books 3 - 5 were released by Berkley Medallion . While the first book was complete in its contents - the other three books gave only a small selection of its UK counterparts . There is no evidence to support PBoH # 2 ever having a US release .   Screaming Terror published under the Arthur Baker imprint is a collection from the first three Pan Book of Horror Stories and is also edited by Herbert Van Thal .

neg: A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well .   Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature .   The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes .   A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .

neg: The Dangerous Book for Boys The Dangerous Book for Boys , by Conn and Hal Iggulden , is a guidebook published by HarperCollins , aimed at boys `` from eight to eighty . '' It covers around eighty topics , including how to build a treehouse , grow a crystal , or tell direction with a watch . Also included are famous quotes , stories , battles , and phrases that `` every boy should know . '' It was published in the UK in June 2006 , and reached number one in the UK non-fiction charts several times , selling over half a million copies .   Conn Iggulden also published a novel , Wolf of the Plains , about Genghis Khan , which , along with The Dangerous Book for Boys , allowed Iggulden to be the first author to reach the number one spot in both the fiction and non-fiction charts .   Within the first week of its US publication on 1 May 2007 , it reached number two on the Amazon.com best-selling book lists , being outsold only by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows . Other people who contributed to the success of the book include the editorial team at the time , which consisted of Katie Espiner and Clare Hey , and Helen Johnstone , who won the 2007 British Book Industry Award for best publicity campaign .

neg: Rage (King novel) Rage ( written as Getting It On ; the title was changed before publication ) is the first novel by Stephen King published under the pseudonym Richard Bachman . It was first published in 1977 and then was collected in 1985 in the hardcover omnibus The Bachman Books . The novel describes a school shooting , and has been associated with actual high school shooting incidents in the 1980s and 1990s . In response King allowed the novel to fall out of print , and in 2013 he published a non-fiction , anti-firearms violence essay titled `` Guns '' .

neg: Underground (Dreyfus book) Underground : Tales of Hacking , Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier is a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus , researched by Julian Assange . It describes the exploits of a group of Australian , American , and British black hat hackers during the late 1980s and early 1990s , among them Assange himself .   Craig Bowen ( nickname ) , administrator of two important Australian BBS ( Pacific Island and Zen )  Par , a.k.a. . The Parmaster , an American hacker who avoided capture by the United States Secret Service from July 1989 to November 1991  Phoenix , Electron and Nom , who were convicted in the first major Australian trial for computer crimes  Pad and Gandalf , the British founders of the notorious 8lgm group  the Australian Mendax ( Julian Assange ) and Prime Suspect , who managed to penetrate the DDN , NIC and the Nortel internal network , and the phreaker Trax . Together , the three were known as the `` International Subversives '' .  Anthrax , another Australian hacker and phreaker   The book also mentions other hackers who had contacts with the protagonists , among them Erik Bloodaxe of the Legion of Doom and Corrupt of the Masters of Deception .   The first chapter of Underground relates the diffusion and reactions of the computer security community to the WANK worm that attacked DEC VMS computers over the DECnet in 1989 and was purportedly coded by a Melbourne hacker .   , the book has sold 10,000 copies .  The author made the electronic edition of the book freely available in 2001 , when it was announced on Slashdot , the server housing the book crashed due to the demand for the book . It reached 400,000 downloads within two years .   The 2002 documentary In the Realm of the Hackers , directed by Kevin Anderson and centered on Phoenix and Electron , was inspired by this book .

neg: The Complete Book of Dwarves The Complete Book of Dwarves is a supplemental rulebook for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , published in 1991 by TSR , Inc. . It contains a variety of information useful to playing dwarf characters in the game , including information on strongholds , dwarven subraces , character `` kits '' , role-playing , mining , and more . The book was later reprinted in November , 1993 , with a slightly different cover .

neg: Landlocked (novel) Landlocked ( 1965 ) is the fourth novel in British Nobel Prize in Literature-winner Doris Lessing five volume , semi-autobiographical , series , Children of Violence . The first volume is Martha Quest ( 1952 ) , and the others are , A Proper Marriage ( 1954 ) , A Ripple from the Storm ( 1958 ) , and The Four-Gated City ( 1969 ) . The Children of Violence series , follows the life of protagonist Martha Quest `` from girlhood to middle age '' .   This is the last of the series that is set in southern Africa : `` The time is the last few months of a war that had not only ruined Europe but had flooded a message of equality even into this backwater . Some of the white people have already sensed the imminence of change : they could never again unthinkingly hold down this corner of Africa for themselves and their heirs '' .

neg: Kashi-hon is a Japanese phrase for books and magazines that are rented out . Kashi-hon ya refers to the book rental service it was based on , also just simply called kashi-hon .   Kashi-hon was introduced in Japan in the Edo period ( 1603 -- 1868 ) because books were too expensive for common people to buy , and therefore people would prefer borrowing over buying . Some `` librarians '' would travel around in order to increase their clientele and make more money .   The kashi-hon market exploded after World War II all over Japan . People of both genders and all ages rented books , manga , and monthly magazines . However , when libraries were built nationwide and publishers started to print more copies of their books and magazines so they could be sold for lower prices in the mid-1950s , the number of kashi-hon decreased dramatically . In modern Japan there are only a few kashi-hon stores left , and the market is very small .   Kashi-hon is called `` zu shu dian '' in Chinese . In Taiwan , it is a store that buys the books and rents them to customers to get the profit . Usually , the books in kashi-hon are comics , novels , and magazines . Besides renting books , some stores help customers to order books and also provide VCD or DVD for renting .   Category : Book rental  Category : Books by type


query: Lost Highway (film) was released in 1997.

pos: Lost Highway (film) Lost Highway is a 1997 French-American film written and directed by David Lynch . It stars Bill Pullman as a man convicted of murdering his wife ( Patricia Arquette ) , after which he inexplicably morphs into a young mechanic and begins leading a new life . The movie , which has noir elements , features the last film appearances of Robert Blake , Jack Nance , and Richard Pryor , and the acting debut of Marilyn Manson .   Lynch co-wrote the screenplay with Barry Gifford , whose novel served as the basis for Lynch 's film Wild at Heart ( 1990 ) . Lynch conceived Lost Highway after the critical and box office failure of Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , a film adaptation and follow-up to the cult television series Twin Peaks .   Despite receiving mixed reviews , Lost Highway has developed a cult following and is greatly admired by some critics . In 2003 , the film was adapted as an opera .

neg: Road transport Road transport ( British English ) or road transportation ( American English ) is the transport of passengers or goods on roads . This transport method can be via bike or automobiles or by animal such as horse or oxen . Standard networks of roads were adopted by Romans , Persians , Aztec , and other early societies . Modern roads came into adoption during the late 1700 's with civil engineering .   Cargo may be transported by trucking companies , while passengers may be transported via mass transit . Commonly defined features of modern roads include defined lanes and signage . Within the United States , roads between regions are connected via the Interstate Highway System . Since independence in India , there has been considerable road building activity as roads can penetrate deeper into towns villages . The Central Government bears a substantial part of the cost of paving and extension of roads throughout India .

neg: Lost Dogs Lost Dogs are an American musical supergroup formed in 1991 , comprising vocalists , songwriters , and guitarists from multiple Christian alternative rock bands . Their current lineup includes Terry Scott Taylor ( Daniel Amos , the Swirling Eddies ) , Michael Roe ( The 77s ) , Derri Daugherty and Steve Hindalong ( The Choir ) . The original lineup included Gene Eugene ( Adam Again ) , who died in 2000 . The band 's eclectic blending of folk , blues , country , and rock has been characterized as `` a sort of CCM equivalent to the Traveling Wilburys '' . The band released their debut album Scenic Routes in 1992 as a one-time collaboration .   Lost Dogs concert performances are filled with between-song jokes and one-liners between the band members ( usually poking fun at each other ) . Many Lost Dogs albums include at least one or two cover songs . Songs covered by Lost Dogs on an album or in concert include Bob Dylan 's `` Lord Protect My Child '' , Leonard Cohen 's `` If It Be Your Will '' , The Beatles ' `` I 'm A Loser '' , `` The Chipmunk Song ( Christmas Do n't Be Late ) '' , and Stephen Foster 's `` Hard Times , Come Again No More '' .   In March , 2000 , shortly after the release of their Gift Horse album , Gene Eugene died .   In 2004 , the band got together with Steve Hindalong to produce a special album for their summer tour . The result was entitled MUTT , and included new acoustic versions of ten songs originally written and recorded for each band member 's regular rock bands . The following year , the band would release the almost entirely instrumental Island Dreams . The Lost Cabin and the Mystery Trees , was released July 2006 .   In 2008 , the Lost Dogs traveled down historic Route 66 with cinematographer Jimmy Abegg . Abegg filmed the band 's experiences . The band then wrote and recorded 14 songs inspired by their journey , which was released as Old Angel in May 2010 .

neg: U.S. Route 70 U.S. Route 70 ( US 70 ) is an east -- west United States highway that runs for 2,385 miles ( 3,838 km ) from eastern North Carolina to east-central Arizona . As can be derived from its number , it is a major east -- west highway of the Southern and Southwestern United States . It formerly ran from coast to coast , with the current Eastern terminus near the Atlantic Ocean in North Carolina , and the former Western terminus near the Pacific Ocean in California .  Before the completion of the Interstate system , U.S. Highway 70 was sometimes referred to as the `` Broadway of America '' , due to its status as one of the main east -- west thoroughfares in the nation . It was also promoted as the `` Treasure Trail '' by the U.S. Highway 70 Association as of 1951 .

neg: Never Too Late (1997 film) Never Too Late is a 1997 Canadian comedy-drama film , starring Olympia Dukakis , Jean Lapointe and Corey Haim . It was filmed in Montreal , Quebec .

neg: Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes .   `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform .   `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges .   The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .

neg: Lynch on Lynch Lynch on Lynch is a book of interviews with David Lynch , conducted , edited , and introduced by Chris Rodley , himself a filmmaker . The interviews took place between 1993 and 1996 . Each chapter is devoted to a separate film , from his beginnings up to Lost Highway .   It was published by Faber & Faber Limited in London in 1997 ( ISBN 0-571-19548-2 ) . A revised edition was published by Farrar Straus & Giroux on March 16 , 2005 ( ISBN 0-571-22018-5 )

neg: List of highways numbered 97 Route 97 , or Highway 97 , may refer to :

neg: M-97 (Michigan highway) M-97 is a state trunkline highway in the U.S. state of Michigan . It runs from Detroit to north of Mt. Clemens following Groesbeck Highway . The highway starts south of 7 Mile Road and runs northeasterly through Macomb County suburbs to Hall Road , which takes the place of 20 Mile Road in the Mile Road System . In between the termini , Groesbeck Highway runs through suburban residential and commercial areas .   Groesbeck Highway is named after Alex Groesbeck , former Michigan governor and attorney-general . The road was constructed starting in the 1920s to provide traffic relief to Gratiot Avenue , which was the main route between Detroit and Mt. Clemens . It was created as a state trunkline to facilitate construction financing . The final extension was opened at a ribbon cutting ceremony in 1949 . This ceremony also dedicated the entire roadway in the former governor 's honor after sections were named for another politician by the state .

neg: Broken Highway Broken Highway is a 1993 Australian drama film directed by Laurie McInnes . It was entered into the 1993 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities .   On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .

neg: Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California .   The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson .   Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .

neg: The Lost World: Jurassic Park (console game) The Lost World : Jurassic Park is an action-adventure video game developed by DreamWorks Interactive and Appaloosa Interactive , and published by Electronic Arts and Sega for the Sony PlayStation and Sega Saturn , respectively , in 1997 . The Lost World : Jurassic Park is based on the film of the same name , which in turn is based on the novel by Michael Crichton . In 1998 a special edition of the game was released for the Sony PlayStation as a Greatest Hits title and featured several modifications to the gameplay .

neg: The Highway of Hope The Highway of Hope is a 1917 American Western silent film directed by Howard Estabrook and written by Harvey Gates and Willard Mack . The film stars House Peters , Sr. , Kathlyn Williams , Jim Farley and Harry De Vere . The film was released on May 17 , 1917 , by Paramount Pictures .

neg: Remember Me? (film) Remember Me ? is a 1997 film directed by Nick Hurran and starring Imelda Staunton and Robert Lindsay .

neg: Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills Paradise Lost : The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills is a 1996 documentary film directed by Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky about the trials of three teenage boys who came to be known as the West Memphis Three in West Memphis , Arkansas . The teenagers -- Jessie Misskelley , Damien Echols and Jason Baldwin -- were accused of the May 1993 murder and sexual mutilation of three prepubescent boys . The film was followed by two sequels : Paradise Lost 2 : Revelations and Paradise Lost 3 : Purgatory .

neg: Telling Lies in America Telling Lies in America is a 1997 coming-of-age drama film directed by Guy Ferland and written by Joe Eszterhas .

neg: The Lost Continent: Travels in Small-Town America The Lost Continent : Travels in Small-Town America is a book by travel writer Bill Bryson , chronicling his 13,978 mile trip around the United States in the autumn of 1987 and spring 1988 . It was Bryson 's first travel book .   He begins his journey , made almost entirely by car , in his childhood hometown of Des Moines , Iowa , heading from there towards the Mississippi River , often reminiscing about his childhood in Iowa . The journey was made after his father 's death , and so is in part a collection of memories of his father in Des Moines while he was growing up .   The book is split into two sections : ` East ' and ` West ' , the former part being considerably longer than the latter . These sections correspond to two separate journeys made in the autumn of 1987 and spring of 1988 . The first section covers the Midwest , the Deep South , the East Coast and New England , before returning to Des Moines . The second section focuses on the Great Plains , the South West , California and the Rocky Mountains .   Bryson 's goal in this trip was generally to avoid tourist destinations , instead choosing to experience the real every-day America , stopping at small towns and forgotten points of interest . This book is an overview of the United States from Bryson 's point of view . There is less focus on factual insight into the history , geography and culture of the destinations in this book than is found in some of Bryson 's later books , focusing instead on observations made with the intention of being humorous .

neg: Highway (Free album) Highway is the fourth studio album by English rock band Free . It was recorded extremely quickly in September 1970 following the band 's success at the Isle of Wight Festival but with an attitude of relaxation , the band having achieved worldwide success with their previous album Fire and Water and the single `` All Right Now '' . It is a low-key and introspective album compared with its predecessors .

neg: Ventura Highway `` Ventura Highway '' is a 1972 song by the band America from their album Homecoming .

neg: Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future .   The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon .   After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .