query: Paul Walker was not born in September.

pos: Paul Walker Paul William Walker IV ( September 12 , 1973 -- November 30 , 2013 ) was an American actor . Walker began his career guest-starring in several television shows such as The Young and the Restless and Touched by an Angel . Walker gained prominence with breakout roles in coming of age and teen films such as She 's All That and Varsity Blues ( 1999 ) . In 2001 , Walker gained international fame for his portrayal of Brian O'Conner in the street racing action film The Fast and the Furious ( 2001 ) , and would reprise the role in five of the next six installments but died in the middle of the filming of Furious 7 ( 2015 ) . He also starred in films such as Joy Ride ( 2001 ) , Timeline ( 2003 ) , Into the Blue ( 2005 ) , Eight Below , and Running Scared ( 2006 ) .   Besides acting , Walker was the face of The Coty Prestige fragrance brand Davidoff Cool Water for Men , and starred in the National Geographic Channel series , Expedition Great White . He also founded the charity `` Reach Out Worldwide '' ( ROWW ) , an organization providing relief efforts for areas affected by natural disasters . He was often praised for his off-screen charity work , and as a performer .   Walker died in a single-vehicle collision on November 30 , 2013 , alongside friend Roger Rodas . Three films that he was involved in at the time were released posthumously : Hours ( 2013 ) , Brick Mansions ( 2014 ) , and Furious 7 ( 2015 , which he had not completed filming ) . The song `` See You Again '' by Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth , which appeared on the Furious 7 soundtrack , is a tribute to Walker . The song was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards .

neg: John M. Walker (bishop) John Moore Walker , Jr. ( 1888-1951 ) was the 3rd bishop in the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta , and was the 1st bishop born in the state of Georgia to a bishop in the state of Georgia .

neg: Seth Walker Seth Walker ( born 1972 ) is an American electric blues singer , guitarist , and songwriter . He has released nine albums to date , the most recent entitled Got ta Get Back . Walker 's musical genres include Americana , blues and jazz .   Got ta Get Back was released on September 2 , 2016 , and debuted at number 6 in the US on the Billboard Top Blues Album . His 2009 album , Leap of Faith , also charted on the BillboardTop Blues Album chart , peaking at number 2 in the US .   Delbert McClinton remarked `` the first time I heard Seth Walker at a small club in Nashville I was impressed like I have n't been impressed in 30 years , with performance , presence , and great songs . ''

neg: Keith Walker (writer) Keith Walker ( June 29 , 1935 -- December 30 , 1996 ) was an American writer , producer , and actor . He co-wrote the screen-play for the film Free Willy and wrote for television series including The Fall Guy , Emergency ! , Quincy , M.E. and M * A * S * H. '' He wrote 26 episodes of the Rod Serling hosted radio show The Zero Hour , all of them coming in the second , and final , season of the show . He appeared as an actor on television shows Mannix , The Rookies , Mission : Impossible , and Fantasy Island . He was married to actress Peggy Walton-Walker .   Following brief treatment for cancer , Keith Walker died in the Tennessee city of Franklin at the age of 61 .

neg: Paul Shepard Paul Howe Shepard , Jr. ( June 12 , 1925 -- July 27 , 1996 ) was an American environmentalist and author best known for introducing the `` Pleistocene paradigm '' to deep ecology . His works have attempted to establish a normative framework in terms of evolutionary theory and developmental psychology . He offers a critique of sedentism/civilization and advocates modeling human lifestyles on those of nomadic prehistoric humans . He explores the connections between domestication , language , and cognition .   Based on his early study of modern ethnographic literature examining contemporary nature-based peoples , Shepard created a developmental model for understanding the role of sustained contact with nature in healthy human psychological development , positing that humans , having spent 99 % of their social history in hunting and gathering environments , are therefore evolutionarily dependent on nature for proper emotional and psychological growth and development . Drawing from ideas of neoteny , Shepard postulated that many humans in post-agricultural society are often not fully mature , but are trapped in infantilism or an adolescent state .   He died of lung cancer on July 21 , 1996 in Salt Lake City .

neg: Colin Walker (cellist) Colin Walker ( born 8 July 1949 ) is an English cellist who played with Electric Light Orchestra from 1972 to 1973 .   He was born in Minchinhampton , Gloucestershire , and was educated at Marling School in Stroud and the Royal Academy of Music in London . By his own admission , his greatest regret was not playing on The Beatles ' `` Eleanor Rigby '' .   After leaving ELO , Walker returned to teaching . He played cello on `` Fool 's Gold '' , a track on the album Thought Talk by Starry Eyed and Laughing .

neg: Bill Walker (baseball) William Henry Walker ( October 7 , 1903 -- June 14 , 1966 ) was a professional baseball left-handed pitcher over parts of ten seasons ( 1927 -- 1936 ) with the New York Giants and St. Louis Cardinals . He was the National League ERA champion twice ( in 1929 and 1931 ) with New York . For his career , he compiled a 97 -- 77 record in 272 appearances with a 3.59 ERA and 626 strikeouts .   He was born and later died in East St. Louis , Illinois at the age of 62 .

neg: Bernard Paul (boxer) Bernard `` Punching Postman '' Paul ( born October 22 , 1965 ) is a Mauritian/British professional light welter/welter/light middleweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s who won the British Boxing Board of Control ( BBBofC ) Southern ( England ) Area light welterweight title , and Commonwealth light welterweight title , and was a challenger for the World Boxing Organization ( WBO ) Inter-Continental light welterweight title against Jon Thaxton , British Boxing Board of Control ( BBBofC ) British light welterweight title against Mark Winters , and World Boxing Organization ( WBO ) Inter-Continental light welterweight title against Ricky Hatton , his professional fighting weight varied from 138 lb , i.e. light welterweight to 149 +1 / 4 lb , i.e. light middleweight .

neg: Paul McDonald (musician) Paul McDonald ( born William Paul McDonald ; August 29 , 1984 ) is an American singer-songwriter from Huntsville , Alabama , who as of 2011 , resides in Nashville , Tennessee . McDonald placed 8th on the tenth season of American Idol and since 2005 , he has been the lead singer of the band Hightide Blues , renamed The Grand Magnolias in 2010 .

neg: William O. Walker Dr. Willam O. Walker aka W.O. Walker ( born William Otis Walker on September 19 , 1896 - died October 29  1981 ) , was an African-American publisher , Cleveland , Ohio area politician , and editor of the , Call and Post , an African-American newspaper based in Cleveland .

neg: Walker T Marvin Christopher Walker ( born 1 October 1978 ) , better known by his stage name Walkerton or for short Walker.T is a Jamaican Reggae Artist . He is the self-proclaimed `` Reggae Superstar . ''

neg: Paul Roland Paul Roland ( born 6 September 1959 in Kent , England ) , is a singer-songwriter , author , journalist and paranormal researcher .   Since the release of his first ( shared ) single `` Oscar Automobile '' in 1979 , Roland has been spinning his tales against a backdrop of gothic rock , psychedelic pop , folk and , occasionally , baroque strings . His character creations include a Regency magistrate , various 19th Century murderers , a retired executioner , an opium addict , and an entire court of medieval grotesques .   Paul has been called `` the male Kate Bush '' by one-time label-mate Robyn Hitchcock , and `` The Lord Byron of Rock '' by influential French music magazine Les Inrockuptibles .   `` Paul Roland has remained a cherished figure on the gothic rock and psychedelic pop periphery for 30 years ... a treasury of detail and eloquence ... Roland 's impeccable narratives ( and ) formal , baroque instrumentation ... creates the antiquated yet timeless ambience his songs deserve ''  ( Marco Rossi , Record Collector , May 2010 ) .   Joshua Pfeiffer of Vernian Process is quoted as saying `` As for Paul Roland , if anyone deserves credit for spearheading steampunk music , it is him . He was one of the inspirations I had in starting my project . He was writing songs about the first attempt at manned flight , and an Edwardian airship raid in the mid-80s long before almost anyone else ... . ''   `` Paul Roland writes nice melodies and has a very particular personality but he is too intellectual for me ! '' ( Frank Zappa , 1988 ) .

neg: Scott Walker discography Scott Walker is the stage name of the American singer-songwriter Noel Scott Engel ( born January 9 , 1943 in Hamilton , Ohio ) , former lead singer with The Walker Brothers . He has been living in England since the 1960s , and continues to release new solo material .   His earliest material was released under his own name in the late 1950s . His most successful period in his career was between the years 1965 and 1970 where in he released three albums with The Walker Brothers , before going on to record a number of popular albums as a solo artist .   Walker 's career faltered critically and commercially in the 1970s where he became stuck in a cycle of releasing lacklustre albums of MOR covers . In the mid-1970s Walker reformed The Walker Brothers with mixed results . Their final album together ; Nite Flights ( 1978 ) was a sonic breakthrough for Walker . His next three albums -- each released eleven years apart -- developed and expanded his new direction .   For a detailed listing of Scott Walker 's albums and singles with The Walker Brothers , see : The Walker Brothers discography .

neg: Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John .   In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News .   Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .

neg: Joseph R. Walker Joseph R. Walker ( December 13 , 1798 -- October 27 , 1876 ) was a mountain man and experienced scout . He established the segment of the California Trail , the primary route for the emigrants to the gold fields during the California gold rush , from Fort Hall , Idaho to the Truckee River . The Walker River and Walker Lake in Nevada were named for him by John C. Frémont .

neg: David Walker (Catholic bishop) David Louis Walker ( born 13 November 1938 ) is a retired Australian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church . He was ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Broken Bay on 3 September 1996 , succeeding the diocese 's inaugural bishop , the Most Reverend Patrick Murphy . His retirement was effective from 13 November 2013 , his seventy-fifth birthday .

neg: Jane's Walk Jane 's Walk is a series of neighbourhood walking tours . Named after urban activist and writer Jane Jacobs , Jane 's Walks are held annually during the first weekend in May to coincide with her birthday .   Jane 's Walks are led by volunteers , and are offered for free . The walks are led by anyone who has an interest in the neighbourhoods where they live , work or socialise . They are not always about architecture and heritage , and offer a more personal take on the local culture , the social history and the planning issues faced by the residents .   Since its inception in 2007 , Jane 's Walk has happened in cities across North America and around the world . In 2014 , over 40,000 people took part in a Jane 's Walk led by volunteers in 134 cities across 6 continents .

neg: 'Til the Band Comes In 'Til the Band Comes In is the sixth studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker . It was released in December 1970 but failed to chart . Three singles were released from the album . The title track backed with `` Jean the Machine '' was released in the Netherlands . `` Jean the Machine '' and `` Thanks For Chicago Mr. James '' were each released in Japan . No singles were released in the UK . The release is a loose concept album about the inhabitants of a tenement .   Walker wrote the songs for the album quickly while on a working holiday in Greece in September 1970 . The album was recorded late that same year between September and November 1970 with Walker 's usual Philips studio team consisting of producer Johnny Franz , engineer Peter J. Olliff and Wally Stott and Peter Knight directing the musical arrangements . Receiving negative reviews the album was first released as an LP in December 1970 . The album was deleted and was not available for over twenty-five years . The album was later reassessed much more favourably and was eventually reissued in the UK on CD by BGO Records in August 1996 , with new liner notes . This new edition fell out of print before a second CD re-issue followed in 2008 by the US label Water Records . The album was re-issued again on 3 June 2013 as part of a 5-CD set entitled Scott - The Collection 1967-1970 .   The original liner notes were by Walker 's then-manager Ady Semel with cover photography by Michael Joseph .

neg: Walker, Texas Ranger Walker , Texas Ranger is an American action television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis . It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade , with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division . The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993 , with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes . Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25 , 1993 , to May 19 , 2001 , and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28 , 2001 . It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and has since spawned a 2005 made-for-television movie entitled Trial By Fire . The movie ended on a cliffhanger , which was never resolved . DVD sets of all seasons have been released ( with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season ) . At various times since 1997 , reruns of the show have aired , in syndication , on the USA Network and Action in Canada . Reruns can currently be seen on CBS Action , WGN America , INSP and Grit .   The series was noted for its moralistic style . The characters refrained from the use of drugs , and they participated in community service . Martial arts were displayed prominently as the primary tool of law enforcement and occasionally as a tool for Walker and company to reach out to the community .

neg: Charls Walker Charls Edward Walker ( December 24 , 1923 -- June 2 , 2015 ) was Under Secretary of the United States Department of the Treasury from 1969 to 1972 , and Deputy Secretary of the Treasury in 1973 under John Connally .

neg: Paul Walker (American football) Paul Frederick Walker ( July 9 , 1925 -- October 20 , 1972 ) was an American football player who played one season with the New York Giants of the National Football League . He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the tenth round of the 1945 NFL Draft . Walker played college football at Yale University and attended Oak Park and River Forest High School in Oak Park , Illinois . He was a consensus All-American in 1944 .


query: Singapore is ranked highly in education, healthcare, life expectancy, quality of life, and personal safety.

pos: Singapore Singapore ( -LSB- ˈsɪŋgəpɔr -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , sometimes referred to as the Lion City , the Garden City or the Little Red Dot , is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia . It lies one degree ( 137 km ) north of the equator , at the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia , with Indonesia 's Riau Islands to the south . Singapore 's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets . Since independence , extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23 % ( 130 km2 ) , and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora , parks and gardens .   Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the East India Company ; after its collapse and the eventual establishment of the British Raj , the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826 . During the Second World War , Singapore was occupied by Japan . It gained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form Malaysia , but separated two years later over ideological differences , becoming a sovereign nation in 1965 . After early years of turbulence , and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland , the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy , based on external trade and its workforce .   Singapore is a global commerce , finance and transport hub . Its standings include : the most `` technology-ready '' nation ( WEF ) , top International-meetings city ( UIA ) , city with `` best investment potential '' ( BERI ) , second-most competitive country , third-largest foreign exchange market , third-largest financial centre , third-largest oil refining and trading centre , and the second-busiest container port . The country has also been identified as a tax haven .   Singapore ranks 5th on the UN Human Development Index and the 3rd highest GDP per capita . It is ranked highly in education , healthcare , life expectancy , quality of life , personal safety , and housing . Although income inequality is high , 90 % of homes are owner-occupied . 38 % of Singapore 's 5.6 million residents are permanent residents and other foreign nationals . There are four official languages : English ( common and first language ) , Malay , Mandarin , Tamil ; almost all Singaporeans are bilingual .   Singapore is a unitary multiparty parliamentary republic , with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government . The People 's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959 . The dominance of the PAP , coupled with a low level of press freedom and restrictions on civil liberties and political rights , has led to Singapore being classified by some as a semi-authoritarian regime . One of the five founding members of the ASEAN , Singapore is also the host of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) Secretariat , and a member of the East Asia Summit , Non-Aligned Movement , and the Commonwealth of Nations .

neg: University of Seoul The University of Seoul ( UOS ) ( Korean : 서울시립대학교 ) is a public university located in Seoul , Korea . It was founded as Kyung Sung Public Agricultural College in 1918 and renamed the University of Seoul in 1997 . UOS is one of top 3 universities without medical school in Korea in 2012 . According to 2015 report from The Times Higher Education , UOS ranked 7th among the all Korean universities and 49th among all the Asian universities . In another survey , UOS ranked 14th in the Asian midsize universities . UOS was reported the best value public university in Korea , with high financial investment and scholarship amount per student . Students ' affinity to the school was ranked in the first place and students ' satisfaction is in the second according to a 2010 survey . UOS is famous for a large number of alumni working as national or municipal government officials . UOS is specialized in College of Urban Science and has top-tier programs of environmental engineering , science in taxation , transportation engineering , urban planning and design , landscape architecture , and urban administration .   In 2012 , the mayor of Seoul , Park Won-soon , implemented a campaign promise , `` Half-priced tuition '' as soon as he started his term . The half-priced tuition was initiated in UOS first so that it would drive other universities to decrease their tuition . In 2013 , UOS tuition per semester ranged from $ 915 to $ 1,441 ( two semesters a year , 1,117.3 won / $ in 2013 ) . Because of high quality of education and low tuition of UOS , admission process has been more competitive . And student 's satisfaction is still very high . In 2012 , the registration rate of new students was very high ( 96 % ) and the withdrawal rate of students was extremely low ( 0.97 % ) , compared with other universities in Seoul .   Because UOS students think that they take a lot of financial and educational benefits from the Seoul government , most of them participate in social works . Number of social work volunteers in 2012 was 3,105 and is expected to increase .

neg: United World College of South East Asia The United World College of South East Asia ( UWCSEA ) is an independent international school in Singapore , and a member of the United World College ( UWC ) movement . The school provides a K -- 12 education consisting of five interlinking elements : academics , activities , outdoor education , personal and social education and service . The UWCSEA learning programme leads to the IGCSE in Grades 9 and 10 and the IB Diploma in Grades 11 and 12 . The school has two campuses , with around 3,000 students at the Dover Campus and 2,400 at the East Campus .   The school offers extensive sports , drama , visual art , music , clubs/societies and leadership activities , along with an outdoor education programme . All students contribute to the community as part of the service programme , which can involve service to the school community , the Singaporean community , and overseas communities . The Good Schools Guide International 's review of the school , states that : `` This school has a deservedly good reputation academically but offers far more than exam success to its students ... This is not a school for those who would be happy to sit on the sidelines ... '' .   UWCSEA is somewhat different from many of its sister colleges in the UWC movement , most of which are wholly boarding institutions which offer only a two-year International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme for mainly scholarship students of around 16 -- 19 years of age . UWCSEA admits students from the age of 4 and , the majority of students are children of expatriates in Singapore . There are more than 300 boarders from 76 countries across both campuses , and over 100 students from 47 countries in grades 8-12 who are supported by scholarships . Singapore government policy prevents most citizens from attending international schools within the country , and therefore UWCSEA has the smallest percentage of local students of any UWC . There are 30 nationalities represented in the teaching staff .

neg: Management Development Institute of Singapore The Management Development Institute of Singapore ( MDIS ) , founded in 1956 , is Singapore 's oldest  not-for-profit professional institute for lifelong learning .   MDIS provides programmes in Business and Management , Engineering , Fashion Design , Information Technology , Health and Life Sciences , Mass Communications , Psychology and Travel , Tourism and Hospitality Management . They are offered in collaboration with universities in Australia , France , the United Kingdom and the United States of America . MDIS provides preparatory courses for GCE `` O '' and `` A '' level examinations , via its subsidiary - MDIS College .

neg: Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula ( Semenanjung Tanah Melayu , سمننجوڠ تانه ملايو คาบสมุทรมลายู , , -LSB- kʰâːp.sā.mùt mā.lāː.jūː -RSB- ) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia . The land mass runs approximately north-south and , at its terminus , is the southernmost point of the Asian mainland . The area contains the southernmost tip of Myanmar , Peninsular Malaysia , and Southern Thailand .   The Titiwangsa Mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system , and form the backbone of the Peninsula . They form the southernmost section of the central cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus ( the Peninsula 's narrowest point ) into the Malay Peninsula . The Strait of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra while the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor .

neg: Singapore Children's Society Singapore Children 's Society ( Chinese : 新加坡儿童会 ) is a charitable organisation which looks after the welfare of children . It started out as an organisation which protects the physical , emotional and mental well-being of disadvantaged children .   Singapore Children 's Society protects and nurtures children and youth of all races and religions . In 2016 , the Society reached out to 74,173 children , youth and families in need .   Established in 1952 , its services have evolved to meet the changing needs of children . Today , Children 's Society operates 11 service centres islandwide , offering services in the four categories of : Vulnerable Children Services , Children and Youth Services , Family Services , and Research and Advocacy .

neg: Japanese occupation of Singapore The Japanese occupation of Singapore in World War II took place from 1942 to 1945 , following the fall of the British colony on 15 February 1942 . Military forces of the Empire of Japan occupied it after defeating the combined British , Indian , Australian , and Malayan garrison in the Battle of Singapore . The occupation was to become a major turning point in the histories of several nations , including those of Japan , Britain , and the then-colonial state of Singapore . Singapore was renamed , meaning `` Light of the South '' .   Singapore was officially returned to British colonial rule on 12 September 1945 , following the formal signing of the surrender instrument at the Municipal Building .

neg: NUS Business School NUS Business School is the business school of the National University of Singapore ( NUS ) . NUS Business School is consistently rated as one of the top business schools in the Asia Pacific region and one of the leading business schools worldwide . The Forbes ranking of International Two-Year MBA programmes ranks the NUS MBA 7th globally out of a total of 11 schools listed while the Quacquarelli Symonds Global 200 MBA Rankings 2014/15 ranks the NUS MBA 2nd in Asia . In The Economist 2016 Full-Time MBA rankings , NUS Business School 's MBA programme slipped 12 places to 99th worldwide ( 6th in Asia ) . In the recent Financial Times 2016 Global MBA Rankings , NUS Business School slid one spot down to 32nd globally ( 2nd in Singapore ) .

neg: Satisfaction with Life Index The Satisfaction with Life Index was created by Adrian G. White , an analytic social psychologist at the University of Leicester , using data from a metastudy . It is an attempt to show life satisfaction in different nations .   In this calculation , subjective well being correlates most strongly with health ( .7 ) , wealth ( .6 ) , and access to basic education ( .6 ) .   This is an example of directly measuring happiness -- asking people how happy they are -- as an alternative to traditional measures of policy success such as GDP or GNP . Some studies suggest that happiness can be measured effectively .   This Index , however , is not solely based on directly asking `` how people feel '' , but also on its social and economic development .   The Happy Planet Index was used along with data from UNESCO on access to schooling , from the WHO on life expectancy , and from the CIA on GDP per capita to perform a new analysis with this data to come to a unique and novel set of results . Specifically , the extent of correlation between measures of poverty , health and education , and the variable of happiness .

neg: Sri Lanka Sri Lanka ( -LSB- sri : _ ˈlɑːŋkə , _ - ˈlæŋkə -RSB- or -LSB- ʃriː - -RSB- Sinhalese : ශ ර ල ක , Tamil : இலங்கை Ilaṅkai ) , officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka , is an island country in South Asia near south-east India . Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest .   Sri Lanka 's documented history spans 3,000 years , with evidence of pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years . Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to World War II . Sri Lanka was known from the beginning of British colonial rule until 1972 as Ceylon ( -LSB- sᵻˈlɒn , _ seɪ - , _ siː - -RSB- ) . Sri Lanka 's recent history has been marred by a thirty-year civil war which decisively ended when the Sri Lankan military defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) in 2009 .   A diverse and multicultural country , Sri Lanka is home to many religions , ethnic groups , and languages . In addition to the majority Sinhalese , it is home to large groups of Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils , Moors , Burghers , Malays , Kaffirs and the aboriginal Vedda . Sri Lanka has a rich Buddhist heritage , and the first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka , the Pāli Canon , date back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29 BC .   Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state governed by a semi-presidential system . The legislative capital , Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte , is a suburb of the commercial capital and largest city , Colombo .   Sri Lanka has had a long history of international engagement , as a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , and a member of the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations , the G77 , and the Non-Aligned Movement . Along with the Maldives , Sri Lanka is one of the two countries in South Asia that are currently rated among high human development on the Human Development Index .

neg: India–Singapore relations Bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Singapore have traditionally been strong and friendly , with the two nations enjoying extensive cultural and commercial relations . India and Singapore have signed the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement ( CECA ) and strategic-relationship agreement in order to increase trade , investments and economic cooperation , and expanded bilateral cooperation on maritime security , training forces , joint naval exercises , developing military technology and fighting terrorism .   According to a 2010 Gallup poll , 40 % of Singaporeans approve of India 's leadership , with 23 % disapproving and 37 % uncertain .

neg: Geography of Singapore Singapore is a small , heavily urbanised , island city-state in Southeast Asia , located at the end of the Malayan Peninsula between Malaysia and Indonesia . Singapore has a total land area of 719.1 km2 .   The Singapore area comprises mainland and other islands . The mainland of Singapore measures 50 km from east to west and 27 km from north to south with 193 km of coastline . These figures are based on 2.515 m High Water Mark cadastral survey boundaries .   Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait and from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor .

neg: James Cook University Singapore James Cook University Singapore is a university in Singapore , and is a branch of James Cook University , based in Townsville , Australia . In addition to Singapore and Townsville , JCU operates another campus in Cairns , Australia . JCU Singapore was opened in 2003 as part of the university 's strategic intent of `` Creating a brighter future for life in the tropics world-wide through graduates and discoveries that make a difference '' . The university is ranked in the top 2 % * of universities in the world and is the leading tropical research university in Australia . JCU Singapore fully adapts the Australian curriculum and all degree certification is awarded from James Cook University Australia .   JCU Singapore 's campus is located at 149 Sims Drive , in between the Kallang and Aljunied MRT stations .

neg: Primary School Leaving Examination The Primary School Leaving Examination ( PSLE ) is a national examination in Singapore administered by the Ministry of Education and taken by all students nearing the end of their sixth year in primary school before they move on to secondary school . This examination tests students ' proficiency in the English language , their respective mother tongue languages ( typically Chinese , Malay , Tamil ) , mathematics and science . Students have around two hours to complete each subject paper , except for certain components of language subjects . Students answer multiple choice questions by shading their responses on a standardised optical answer sheet ( OAS ) that uses optical mark recognition to detect answers or writing their workings and/or answers on the question booklet itself in certain sections of the paper   The format of the PSLE and the presence of it in the Singapore education system gives the PSLE a part in national culture . PSLE material has also been exported to other countries . Some schools abroad ( such as The Nasional High Junior School in Jakarta , Indonesia ) , particularly in South East Asia , have their pupils sit the international version of the exam , the iPSLE , to provide a benchmark of their performance vis-a-vis Singapore 's standards .

neg: Societal security Societal security is a concept developed by the Copenhagen School of security studies that refers to ` the ability of a society to persist in its essential character under changing conditions and possible or actual threats ' .   The end of the Cold War prompted scholars to rethink the paradigm of security independently from the state and the military . In Europe , the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the emergence of new states and sustained efforts to pursue the European Union ( EU ) integration . The new order called for a ( re ) conceptualisation of Europe and European security , which challenged classic understandings of security , as something that took place between states . The move towards an EU security was , thus , closely articulated around questions of EU identity , free movement of people and borders .  The concept of societal security , developed by scholars associated with the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute , is situated within this context . Societal security relates to : `` the ability of a society to persist in its essential character under changing conditions and possible or actual threats . ''   In ` Identity , Migration , and the New Security Agenda in Europe ' , Wæver notes the emergence of different conceptions of the nation-state , and further establishes a distinction between Western and Eastern Europe . In the West , a `` decoupling of state and nation '' takes place , as Member States , by seeking more integration , accept to relinquish some of their sovereignty . This move towards a `` post-sovereign '' nation-state is due to `` internationalisation and Europeanization '' processes , as international institutions assume increased influence over domestic affairs . Subsequently , communities , perceiving their identities to be threatened by this integration , can no longer call upon the state to protect them . A duality occurs between the security needs of the state and of society , where `` state security has sovereignty as its ultimate criterion , and societal security has identity '' . In the East , the emergence of new states , formed after the dismantlement of the Soviet Union , leads to more traditional attempts at merging the nation and the state ; thus , conflicts arise when the coupling can not be done ( i.e. Yugoslavia ) .   In ` Security : a new framework for analysis ' , Buzan et al. formalise their broader understanding of security by introducing five sectors , each governed by `` distinctive characteristics and dynamics '' , and conceptualised around particular referent objects and actors ( i.e. military , environmental , economic , societal and political ) . Societal security is about the survival of a community as a cohesive unit ; its referent object is '' large scale collective identities that can function independent of the state . ''  Societal insecurities arise when `` a society fears it would not be able to live as itself '' , and stem from :  migration : the influx of people will `` overrun or dilute '' a group 's identity e.g. the need to define Britishness ;  vertical competition : the integration of a group within a broader organisation e.g. euroscepticism with regards to EU integration , national-separatist claims ; and ,  horizontal competition : group is forced to integrate more influential identities within their own e.g. France 's cultural exception defending itself against American influences .   Societal security is not tied to a territory , as is state security , e.g. Kurds , where security matters of state and society widely diverge and enter into conflict .   Societal security in sociological viewpoint is :   Regarding security as an `` independent phenomenon '' :   So , societal security is n't threat , no opportunity . But it is a center and base , upon it the reliability and certainty of collective life could be gained .   Rereading of security from `` social '' perspective :   It means that security is based on collective life , the life of common people , instead of looking at differences and insisting on disagreement between groups and states that is key factor in determining threats and distinguish friend and foe .   Viewing security as `` social phenomenon '' :   Hence , societal security does n't need military weapons and soft power solutions . In other words , societal security does n't integrate with power and remain by converting links to social capitals .   Finally , threats and opportunities could be considered as deterrent or impeller factors .   So the final goal of societal security is comfort and understanding the beauty of collective life -- not an interest for government , not eliminating enemies , not confronting a threat for nation .

neg: Ministry of Health (Singapore) The Ministry of Health ( Abbreviation : MOH ; Kementerian Kesihatan Chinese : 新加坡卫生部 சுகாதார அமைச்சு ) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for providing information , raising health awareness and education , ensuring the accessibility of health services , and monitoring the quality of health services provided to citizens and visitors in the Republic of Singapore . In addition , it is also involved in the control of illness and disease in the country , coordinating the utilisation of resources and expertise where necessary . It is headed by the office of the Minister of Health , Gan Kim Yong .

neg: Health in Singapore Singapore is one of the wealthiest countries in the world , with a Gross Domestic Product per head of more than $ 56,000 . Life expectancy at birth is 82.3 and infant mortality is 2.7 per 1000 live births . The population is ageing and by 2030 20 % will be over 65 . However it is estimated that about 85 % of those over 65 are healthy and reasonably active .   There are a variety of health screening and healthy lifestyle programmes for both adults and children . Only 14 % of the population smokes . The Temasek Cares programme supports a wide range of interventions for disadvantaged people .   Singapore in 2005 had the lowest infant mortality rate in the world ( equalled only by Iceland ) and among the highest life expectancies from birth , according to the World Health Organisation .   See also :  Healthcare in Singapore  Smoking in Singapore  Health Promotion Board

neg: Corruption in China Corruption in China post-1949 lies in the `` organizational involution '' of the ruling party , including the Communist Party of China 's policies , institutions , norms , and failure to adapt to a changing environment in the post-Mao era caused by the market liberalization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping . Like other socialist economies that have undertaken economic reforms , such as post-Soviet Eastern Europe and Central Asia , reform-era China has experienced increasing levels of corruption .   Cadre corruption in China has been subject to significant media attention since Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping announced his Anti-corruption campaign following the 18th National Congress which was held in November 2012 . Despite this high-profile anti-graft drive , in 2014 China was ranked No. 100 in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index , which is 20 places lower than 2013 , when it ranked No. 80 . According to 2016 results of Corruption Perception Index of Transparency International , China ranks 79th place out of 176 countries . This puts China on par with Algeria and Suriname , and comparable to Armenia , Colombia , Egypt , Gabon , Liberia , Panama , Bolivia , Mexico , Moldova and Niger . China ranked less corrupt than neighbours Myanmar , Vietnam , Laos , North Korea , Russia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Afghanistan , Pakistan and Nepal but more corrupt than neighbours Australia , New Zealand , Singapore , India , Bhutan , Macau , Hong Kong and Mongolia . Means of corruption include graft , bribery , embezzlement , backdoor deals , nepotism , patronage , and statistical falsification .   Public surveys on the mainland since the late 1980s have shown that it is among the top concerns of the general public . According to Yan Sun , Associate Professor of Political Science at the City University of New York , it was corruption , rather than democracy as such , that lay at the root of the social dissatisfaction that led to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 . Corruption undermines the legitimacy of the CPC , adds to economic inequality , undermines the environment , and fuels social unrest .   Since then , corruption has not slowed down as a result of greater economic freedom , but instead has grown more entrenched and severe in its character and scope . Business deals often involve participation in corruption . In popular perception , there are more dishonest CPC officials than honest ones , a reversal of the views held in the first decade of reform of the 1980s . China specialist Minxin Pei argues that failure to contain widespread corruption is among the most serious threats to China 's future economic and political stability . Bribery , kickbacks , theft , and misspending of public funds costs at least three percent of GDP . China , though not a member of the OECD has participated as an observer in the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions , see OECD Anti-Bribery Convention .

neg: Guro District, Seoul Guro District ( Guro-gu ) is a district of Seoul , South Korea , which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1 , 1980 . Located in the southwestern part of the city , where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads , land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country . The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon . In addition , Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1 , 2 , and 7 , and major highways intersect in Guro District .   The name Guro originates from the legend that nine ( gu ) old men ( Korean : ro ) enjoyed longevity in the district .   A digital industrial complex is located in Guro District . The Guro Digital Industrial Complex , which played a leading industrial role mainly with textile manufacturing , dressmaking and other labour-intensive industries in 1967 , has been rapidly changed into an IT industrial complex . This complex played a pivotal role in the economic growth of the South Korea 's development era , referred to as the `` Miracle on the Han River '' , and also contributed 10 percent of national export in the 1970s .   Twenty-one percent of the total area of Guro District is a restricted zone to be used as a greenbelt with the only arboretum in Seoul . The zone is changing into a lively district as large labour-intensive factories are moving from the area and the council is developing what it terms its four zones .   An `` e-government '' system based on this hosted the international e-participation forum on February 7 -- 9 , 2007 , with the participation of more than thirty-seven countries . The forum was launched with the theme `` Promoting Democracy and Regional Development '' and twenty-five mayors including André Santini ( Issy-les-Moulineaux , France ) , Kevin Foy ( Chapel Hill , US ) , Apirak Kosayothin ( Bangkok , Thailand ) , Uvais Mohamed Emthiyas ( Colombo , Sri Lanka ) , and world experts such as Dr William H. Dutton ( Director of Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford , UK ) and Dr Ari-Veiko Anttiroiko ( professor at the University of Tampere , Finland ) participated in the forum . The Guro Declaration , adopted during the forum , aims to set up a portal site for e-government development and to establish a concrete project in order to bridge the digital divide among the world 's cities . This practice has been recognised for providing a new important step in the development of e-democracy .   The e-participation forum was a key factor for Guro to play the leading role in bridging the digital divide among cities , to provide I.T. enterprises located in Guro Digital Industrial Complex the opportunity to launch into the international market , to improve its image and become a global leader to concrete e-democracy .

neg: Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore) The Ministry of Home Affairs ( Abbreviation : MHA ; Kementerian Ehwal Dalam Negeri Chinese : 内政部 உள்துறை அமைச்சு ) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for public safety , civil defence and immigration . It is also known as the Home Team . It is headed by the Minister for Home Affairs .

neg: Port of Singapore The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade handling functions in harbours and which handle Singapore 's shipping . Currently the world 's second-busiest port in terms of total shipping tonnage , it also trans-ships a fifth of the world 's shipping containers , half of the world 's annual supply of crude oil , and is the world 's busiest transshipment port . It was also the busiest port in terms of total cargo tonnage handled until 2005 , when it was surpassed by the Port of Shanghai . Thousands of ships drop anchor in the harbour , connecting the port to over 600 other ports in 123 countries and spread over six continents .   The Port of Singapore is not a mere economic boon , but an economic necessity because Singapore is lacking in land and natural resources . The Port is critical for importing natural resources , and then later re-exporting products after they have been refined and shaped in some manner , for example wafer fabrication or oil refining to generate revenue . The service industries such as hospitality services typical of a port of call restock the food and water supplies on ships . Ships pass between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through the Singapore Strait . The Straits of Johor on the country 's north are impassable for ships due to the Johor-Singapore Causeway , built in 1923 , which links the city of Woodlands , Singapore to Johor Bahru in Malaysia .


query: Outfit (retailer) is a UK company.

pos: Outfit (retailer) Outfit is a UK company which forms part of the Arcadia Group and began life in the 1990s . It sells a range of clothing , footwear and accessories for both men and women .   The company began life in the 1990s when Sears plc saw a gap in the market . The 1990s saw a big growth in out of town retail parks which seemed to be the new alternative to town centre shopping . Sears saw this as an opportunity to house all their fashion brands under one roof .   The first Outfit store opened in 1995 at Riverside Retail Park in Nottingham . The Nottingham store proved such a success that more stores soon opened .   In 1999 Outfit became part of Arcadia Group Ltd and is continually growing .

neg: Alswear Alswear is a village in Devon , England , approximately 25 mi northwest of Exeter .

neg: Fopp (retailer) Fopp is a Scottish chain of retail stores selling music , film , books and other entertainment products in the United Kingdom .

neg: Game (retailer) Game Digital plc is the parent company of Game Retail Limited , a British video game company that trades under the Game brand , stylised as GAME .   The company 's origins lie in the founding of the Rhino Group by Terry Norris and Bev Ripley in 1991 . A number of mergers and acquisitions followed during the 1990s , and in 1999 , the company was purchased by Electronics Boutique Limited , which rebranded itself as The Game Group . The company continued to expand during the 2000s , purchasing several retailers including Gameswizards in Australia .   In March 2012 , several suppliers , including Nintendo , Electronic Arts and Capcom refused to supply their latest products due to concerns over Game 's creditworthiness . Game subsequently entered administration on 26 March 2012 , and was purchased by OpCapita the following week . Baker Acquisitions was subsequently renamed Game Retail Ltd. .   The company operated in the United Kingdom under the Game and Gamestation brands from the acquisition of the latter in May 2007 until late-2012 , when it was announced that the business would focus solely on the Game brand .

neg: AMP Limited AMP is a financial services company in Australia and New Zealand with superannuation and investment products , insurance , financial advice and banking products including home loans and savings accounts .   AMP formed in 1849 as the Australian Mutual Provident Society , a non-profit life insurance company and mutual society .   In 1998 , it was demutualised and listed on the Australian and New Zealand stock exchanges . AMP has one of Australia 's largest shareholder registers , with most shareholders living in Australia and New Zealand . This is because when the society demutualised , all policy holders received shares in the new company . Its UK operation was the subject of a demerger in 2003 , separating out the Henderson Group .

neg: Homebase Homebase is a British home improvement retailer and garden centre , with stores across the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland .   Founded by Sainsbury 's and GB-Inno-BM in 1979 , the company was owned by Home Retail Group from October 2006 until it was sold to Wesfarmers in February 2016 . Wesfarmers have announced plans to rebrand the business under its existing Bunnings Warehouse name within three to five years . The first rebranded store opened in February 2017 .   Homebase recorded sales figures of # 1.49 billion for the last financial year ( 2013 -- 2014 ) . Homebase made an operating profit of # 18.9 million for the year 2013 -- 2014 .

neg: Cook Trading COOK ( officially Cook Trading Ltd ) is a manufacturer and retailer of frozen ready meals , established in 1997 and based in Sittingbourne , Kent .   Their founding statement is , ` To cook using the same ingredients and techniques you would at home , so everything looks and tastes homemade . ' All their meals are made without the use of artificial additives and preservatives .   Savoury dishes are made by hand in their kitchen in Kent , puddings at a kitchen in Somerset , and they are primarily sold through a network of their own shops . They have over 80 shops nationwide , with the highest concentration across the South East of England . They also sell through over 400 farm shops and other independent retailers throughout the UK , and online via their website . In 2009 they started to expand as a franchise business ; over 30 of their shops are now franchises .

neg: USC (clothing retailer) USC is a clothing retailer that sells branded clothing across the United Kingdom . The company was founded in 1989 in Edinburgh and has been owned by Sports Direct since 2011 .

neg: Whistles Whistles is a clothing brand with 46 stores across the UK . It was founded in 1976 by Lucille and Richard Lewin .   In January 2008 , Jane Shepherdson , former Topshop director , signed a deal to purchase a 20 per cent stake in Whistles and was appointed the job of chief executive .   In March 2016 , Whistles and its 46 shops was bought by the South African retailer , Foschini Group .

neg: Dunnes Stores Dunnes Stores is an Irish multinational retail chain that primarily sells food , clothes and household wares .   In addition to its main customer base in both parts of Ireland , the chain also has operations in England , Scotland and Spain . The format of the chain 's stores include a grocery supermarket operating alongside a clothing/textiles store . The grocery operation only operates in Irish stores and some Northern Irish stores , although some limited grocery ranges can be found in the Spanish stores . However some stores contain only textiles , while some ( more rarely ) contain only a supermarket . Many products are sold under the St. Bernard brand later being rebranded as `` My Family Favourites '' in 2013 .

neg: Anatwine Anatwine is a technology and services company that integrates leading fashion and apparel brands with online fashion retailers globally . The company is based in Gloucestershire and London , UK , and was founded by CEO Chris Griffin .   The Anatwine global fashion network connects brands ' and retailers ' business systems through a single integration , enabling collaboration to create the optimal online stock mix ; drive increased sales and sell through ; deliver enhanced brand exposure and consistent customer experience .   Clients include Zalando , The Iconic , House of Fraser , Adidas , Next and Supergroup .

neg: Intertek Consumer Goods and Retail Intertek Consumer Goods is a division of London-based Intertek , a company that provides quality and safety services to a wide range of industries . Intertek is a publicly traded company on the London Stock Exchange with more than 30,000 employees in 1,000 locations in over 100 countries . Intertek Consumer Goods works with global retailers and brands in the textile , toy , footwear , and hardlines sectors to evaluate and test their consumer products to meet regulatory , environmental and quality standards . Intertek Consumer Goods also provides services related to CPSIA testing , toy certification , textile auditing , restricted hazardous substances , corporate social responsibility , sustainability , and supply chain security .

neg: Marks & Spencer Marks and Spencer plc ( also known as M&S ) is a major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of Westminster , London . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index .   It specialises in the selling of clothing , home products and luxury food products . M&S was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds . The company also began to sell branded goods like Kellogg 's Corn Flakes in November 2008 . M&S currently has 959 stores across the U.K including 615 that only sell food products .   In 1998 , the company became the first British retailer to make a pre-tax profit of over # 1 billion , although subsequently it went into a sudden slump , which took the company , its shareholders , who included hundreds of thousands of small investors , and nearly all retail analysts and business journalists , by surprise . In November 2009 , it was announced that Marc Bolland , formerly of Morrisons , would take over as chief executive from executive chairman Stuart Rose in early 2010 ; Rose remained in the role of non-executive chairman until he was replaced by Robert Swannell in January 2011 .   M&S have 852 stores throughout the UK , as well as many international stores ; 52 stores in India , 48 stores in Turkey , 37 in Russia , 27 in Greece , 17 in Ireland , 14 in France , 11 in Poland , 6 in Hungary and Finland and 5 in Spain .   In recent years its clothing sales have fallen whilst food sales have increased after the axing of `` St. Michael 's '' naming for their own brand .

neg: Just Eat Just Eat is an online food order and delivery service . It acts as an intermediary between independent take-out food outlets and customers . It is headquartered in the United Kingdom and operates in 13 countries in Europe , Asia , Oceania , and the Americas . The platform allows customers to search for local take-out restaurants to place orders online , and to choose from pick-up or delivery options .   It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index .

neg: Gun shop A gun shop ( also known by various other names such as firearm store and gun store ) is a business establishment that sells small arms , such as handguns and shotguns , to individuals in an open shopping format . Other items such as ammunition and accessories for hunting are frequently sold on the premises as well , even including souvenir t-shirts . Often having designs reminiscent of other establishments such as department stores displaying various items of clothing on racks and grocery stores displaying various foodstuffs on shelves , these firms operate under widely different gun control laws depending on the specific nation-state and locality involved . Some locations may only employ a single gunsmith in a small space while others might have many individuals working in a large space .   Although the advent of online shopping has changed the business of gun stores , the ability for customers to interact face to face with store dealers often is seen as having advantages , examples being personally guiding individuals buying firearms through the regulated purchase processes set up by local and national laws . Employees may also offer specific advice about firearm specifications . Various firearm-related websites exist that partner , either directly or indirectly , with physical stores .   In the United States , gun shops are required to have a permitting notice known as a Federal Firearms License . These licenses exist in order to administer federally mandated regulations such as bans on straw purchasing .

neg: Pep (store) Pep is a multinational retail company based in Cape Town , South Africa . Founded in 1965 , Pep operated in 11 countries in Southern Africa with the opening of an outlet in Lobito , Angola in November 2008 . As of November 2009 , the company reported over 1400 stores in operation , with total employment equaling 14,000 employees . It also owns and runs the largest clothing factory in southern Africa , where it manufactures much of its clothing .   Pep 's target market is the mass lower to middle income end of the market . As such it seeks to sell low cost clothes and is the largest single-brand retailer in South Africa . Pep is a subsidiary of Pepkor .

neg: The Perfume Shop The Perfume Shop is a United Kingdom perfume retailer founded in 1992 . The company was acquired by the world 's largest health and beauty retailer , A.S. Watson Group in 2005 . The company is based in High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire , with a distribution centre in Dunstable . It is the second largest fragrance retailer in the UK .

neg: Kit and Ace Kit and Ace is a Canadian apparel brand founded in 2014 by Shannon Wilson , former lead designer of Lululemon Athletica , and her stepson J. J. Wilson . The company is best known for producing machine-washable technical cashmere wool clothing and accessories .  Hold It All Inc. , a Vancouver-based holding company , owns the brand .   The brand had retail stores in Canada , the US , the UK , and Australia . In September 2015 , the company installed shop-in-shop cafes from Toronto-based Sorry Coffee Co in its London and Toronto stores . In April 2017 Kit and Ace closed all its international stores , focusing on e-commerce and its 9 Canadian shops .   Kit and Ace has never accepted cash as payment , allowing stores to be more efficient .   The Vice President of Brand is Shawna Olsten .

neg: Hardware LDN Hardware LDN is a UK-based and owned retailer that specializes in fashion clothing and accessories for young urban dwellers . Founded by Jessica Horwell in 2012 , Hardware LDN has steadily been gaining a celebrity following and has had a range in Topman . Hardware LDN is based in London .

neg: Arckiv Arckiv ( Архив : Archive ) is a London-based fashion house that specialises in menswear fashion inspired by military and workwear . The company was founded in the late 1990s by Fraser Laing . Originally specialising in eyewear , Arckiv eventually became a menswear label in 2010 after its eyewear division became a separate company .

neg: Stoats Porridge Bars Stoats is a British company which sells porridge and other oat based products . Based in Edinburgh , Scotland , Stoats was founded in 2005 and retails in most British supermarkets with distribution across the world including Europe , Asia and UAE .