query: Hayden Panettiere is a person.

pos: Hayden Panettiere Hayden Leslie Panettiere ( born August 21 , 1989 ) is an American actress , model , singer , and activist . She is known for her roles as cheerleader Claire Bennet on the NBC sci-fi series Heroes ( 2006 -- 10 ) , Juliette Barnes in the ABC/CMT musical-drama series Nashville ( 2012 -- present ) and Kairi in the video game series Kingdom Hearts .   A native of New York City , she first appeared in a commercial at the age of 11 months . She began her acting career by playing Sarah Roberts on One Life to Live ( 1994 -- 97 ) , and Lizzie Spaulding on Guiding Light ( 1996 -- 2000 ) , before starring at age 10 as Sheryl Yoast in the Disney feature film Remember the Titans . Other notable roles include her portrayal of the title character in the true crime drama Amanda Knox : Murder on Trial in Italy and Kirby Reed in the slasher film Scream 4 . She received two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries or Television Film , for her work on Nashville in 2012 and 2013 .

neg: Norman Lear Center The Norman Lear Center is a multi-disciplinary research and public policy center exploring implications of the convergence of entertainment , commerce , and society . It is based at the USC Annenberg School for Communication . Through scholarship and research , and its programs of visiting fellows , conferences , public events and publications , the Lear Center works to be at the forefront of discussion and practice in the field .   The Center is named for benefactor Norman Lear , the social activist and philanthropist , and television producer , and was founded and is directed by Marty Kaplan , associate dean of the USC Annenberg School , who has been a political speechwriter , Hollywood studio executive , and screenwriter-producer .   The Lear Center officially launched on January 24 , 2000 . Some of the programs it houses include Entertainment Goes Global , which explores the political , cultural , economic and technological implications of the globalization of entertainment ; Celebrity , Politics & Public Life , wherein faculty and deans from over 20 USC departments convene to develop an inter-disciplinary analysis of American political life , as it is shaped by popular culture ; and Hollywood , Health & Society , which provides entertainment industry professionals with accurate and timely information for health storylines . Hollywood , Health & Society is funded by , and works closely with such governmental agencies as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , the National Institutes of Health , and the National Cancer Institute . That program hosts its annual Sentinel for Health Awards to recognize exemplary television storylines that best inform , educate and motivate viewers to make choices for healthier and safer lives .   Since 2005 , the Lear Center 's Grand Avenue Intervention Project has been a driving force behind the civic outreach for the planning of a new 16 acre park in the heart of downtown Los Angeles . In partnership with the Los Angeles Times , the Lear Center solicited design proposals from the public and published a selection of them in a special section of the Times .   The Lear Center 's publishing imprint has published several works of scholarship such as Artists , Technology & The Ownership of Creative Content , Warners ' War : Politics , Pop Culture & Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood , Frank Capra and the Image of the Journalist in American Film , and Ready to Share : Creativity & Fashion in Digital Culture .

neg: Phoenix Media/Communications Group Phoenix Media/Communications Group is an American , Boston , Massachusetts-based corporation with several publishing and broadcasting interests . which includes the Portland Phoenix of Maine . It had published The Boston Phoenix and Stuff magazine , both of which went out of business in 2013 , and the Providence Phoenix until its shutdown in 2014 . In addition the paper owned radio station WFNX based in Lynn , MA , from 1983 until 2012 when it was sold to Clear Channel and is now country music station WBWL ( the WFNX call letters are now on a station in Athol , MA ) .   The Boston Phoenix has its origins in an alternative newsweekly started in 1966 . In 1972 , its absorbed Cambridge Phoenix , a rival publication , and the company has used the `` Phoenix '' name ever since . In 1998 , the company acquiring the NewPaper in Rhode Island and re-christened that publication Providence Phoenix in 1993 . In September 1999 , the paper extended its reach into Maine and southern New Hampshire with the publication of the Portland Phoenix .   The sports and magazine division publishes the official yearbooks for the Boston Celtics , the Boston Bruins , and the Boston Marathon , in addition to program guides for the Tweeter Center for the Performing Arts , and the Bank of America Pavilion summer music series .   Through its Tele-publishing , Inc. , subsidiary , Phoenix Media owns People2People.com , the world 's largest provider of voice personals to the publishing industry and claims it is the web 's most advanced online personals site .   Phoenix Media owns MassWeb Printing , an offset printing facility which prints many of its own product plus many other regional newspapers .

neg: Hayden Tee Hayden Tee is a New Zealand actor , singer , and makeup artist . He has played varied roles in Musical Theatre , Concert and Cabaret . He is based in the United States but has also performed in New Zealand , the UK , South Korea , Taiwan and Australia .

neg: Hayden Kho Hayden Kho , Jr. ( born May 20 , 1980 , in Manila , Philippines ) , is a Chinese Filipino celebrity cosmetic doctor , businessman , actor and model based in Manila , Philippines .

neg: Panini Group Panini is a company headquartered in Modena , Italy , named after the Panini brothers who founded it in 1961 . The company produces books , comics , magazines , stickers , trading cards and other items through its collectables and publishing subsidiaries . Panini distributes its own products , and products of third party providers . Panini maintains a Licensing Division to buy and resell licences and provide agency for individuals and newspapers seeking to purchase rights and comic licences . . Through Panini Digital the company uses voice-activated software to capture football statistics , which is then sold to agents , teams , media outlets and video game manufactures . New Media operates Panini 's on-line applications , and generates income through content and data sales .

neg: Loosies Loosies ( also known as Love Is Not a Crime and Pick Pocket ) is a 2012 romantic comedy-drama film written and produced by Peter Facinelli , and directed by Michael Corrente . The film stars Peter Facinelli , Jaimie Alexander , Michael Madsen , Joe Pantoliano , William Forsythe , Christy Carlson Romano , Glenn Ciano , Vincent Gallo and Chad A. Verdi .

neg: Flynn (film) Flynn is an Australian film about the early life of Errol Flynn , focusing on his time in New Guinea starring Guy Pearce in the title role .

neg: Pan-Indianism Pan-Indianism is a philosophy and movement promoting unity among different American Indian groups in the Americas regardless of tribal or local affiliations . Some academics use the term pan-Amerindianism as a form of disambiguation from other territories called Indian . The movement is largely associated with Native Americans in the Continental United States , but has spread to other indigenous groups as well . A parallel growth of the concept has occurred in Alaska and Canada . There , however , other indigenous peoples , such as the Inuit and the Métis are often included in a wider rubric , sometimes called pan-Aboriginal or some variation thereof .   Pan-Indian organizations seek to pool the resources of indigenous groups in order to protect the interests of native peoples across the world .

neg: Panettiere Panettiere ( -LSB- ˌpænᵻtiˈɛər -RSB- -LSB- panetˈtjɛːre -RSB- ) may refer to :   Hayden Panettiere ( born 1989 ) , American actress  Jansen Panettiere ( born 1994 ) , American actor , brother of Hayden   Category : Occupational surnames  Category : Italian-language surnames

neg: Tove Christensen Tove Christensen ( born February 20 , 1973 ) is a Canadian film producer and actor . He is the older brother of Golden Globe Award-nominated actor Hayden Christensen .

neg: Melbourne City Opera CitiOpera , originally known as Melbourne City Opera , is a semi-professional opera company based in Melbourne , Australia . Formed in 1997 , it was the successor of Globe Opera . In 2007 the company began performing at the BMW Edge , a 450-seat indoor amphitheatre located in Federation Square .   Initially the company made its home at the National Theatre , the Comedy Theatre and later at the Melbourne Athenaeum , and featured Suzanne Steele , Ronald Dowd , Margaret Nisbett , Maureen Howard , and Ron Stevens in productions of La bohème , Faust , Carmen , Pagliacci , Cavalleria rusticana , Madama Butterfly , The Merry Widow , Die Fledermaus , The Student Prince , and many others .   The 2007 season began with productions of Verdi 's Il corsaro , Attila and The Pavarotti Story , devised and narrated by director Joseph Talia and conducted by Erich Fackert . In 2008 the season commenced with a concert production of Beethoven 's Fidelio at Melba Hall , University of Melbourne . The company presented The Puccini Story in honour of the 150th anniversary of the birth of Giacomo Puccini . This program was an analysis of how Puccini 's personal characteristics impacted on the creation of his characters and the composition of his music . In March 2009 , the company staged Verdi 's Ernani .   Melbourne City Opera staged Verdi 's Luisa Miller in September 2009 , Andrea Chénier in June 2010 , La rondine in November 2010 and presented a tribute to Dame Joan Sutherland in November 2011 at the BMW Edge .

neg: Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans or Anglos are people who are inhabitants of Anglo-America and are referred to as English Americans and/or an English Canadians . It typically refers to an English-speaking American in distinction to Spanish speakers in the Southwestern states and in Mexico ; German speakers ( Amish ) in North Dakota , Ohio , and Pennsylvania ; and French speakers in Canada , New England and Louisiana . This usage originated in the discussion of the history of English-speaking people of the United States and the Spanish-speaking people residing in the western United States during the Mexican -- American War .

neg: Eaux d'Artifice Eaux d'artifice ( 1953 ) is a short experimental film by Kenneth Anger . The film was shot in the Villa d'Este in Tivoli , Italy . The film consists entirely of a woman dressed in eighteenth-century clothes who wanders amidst the garden fountains of the Villa d'Este ( `` a Hide and Seek in a night-time labyrinth '' ) to the sounds of Vivaldi 's `` Four Seasons '' , until she steps into a fountain and momentarily disappears . The actress , Carmilla Salvatorelli ( not `` Carmello '' ) , was `` a little midget '' Anger had met through Federico Fellini . Anger used a short actress to suggest a different sense of scale , whereby the monuments seemed bigger ( a technique he said was inspired by etchings of the gardens in the Villa d'Este by Giovanni Battista Piranesi ) .   The title , a play on words , is meant to suggest Feux d'artifice ( Fireworks ) , in obvious reference to Anger 's earlier 1947 work . Film critic Scott MacDonald has suggested that Fireworks was a film about the repression of ( the filmmaker 's ) gay sexuality in the United States , whereas Eaux d'Artifice `` suggests an explosion of pleasure and freedom . ''   In 1993 , this short film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .

neg: Personal area network A personal area network ( PAN ) is a computer network used for data transmission amongst devices such as computers , telephones , tablets and personal digital assistants . PANs can be used for communication amongst the personal devices themselves ( interpersonal communication ) , or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet ( an uplink ) where one `` master '' device takes up the role as internet router .   A wireless personal area network ( WPAN ) is a low-powered PAN carried over a short-distance wireless network technology such as :  INSTEON  IrDA  Wireless USB  Bluetooth  Z-Wave  ZigBee  Body Area Network  The reach of a WPAN varies from a few centimeters to a few meters . A PAN may also be carried over wired computer buses such as USB and FireWire .   Although a ( secured ) Wi-Fi tethering connection could be used by only one single user it is not considered to be a PAN .

neg: Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward .   The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' .   The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret .   In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .

neg: Patrick Haseldine Patrick John Haseldine ( born 11 July 1942 ) is a former British diplomat who was dismissed in August 1989 by the then Foreign Secretary , John Major , for writing a letter to The Guardian newspaper , which was considered to constitute `` various disciplinary offences constituting breaches of the Diplomatic Service Regulations '' . Haseldine was suspended on 7 December 1988 upon publication of a letter he had written to The Guardian in which he publicly accused then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of `` self-righteous invective '' over her handling of an extradition request .   Marking the 25th anniversary of the December 1988 Lockerbie bombing , The Ecologist online magazine published two articles by Patrick Haseldine :  `` Why Flight 103 ? '' on 21 December 2013 ; and ,  `` Flight 103 : it was the Uranium '' on 6 January 2014  Both articles challenged the Lockerbie official narrative by accusing apartheid South Africa of targeting UN Commissioner for Namibia Bernt Carlsson on Pan Am Flight 103 , but it was the second that provoked a particularly angry reaction from author , journalist and film researcher John Ashton in the January 2014 edition of Private Eye magazine :  Most hacks and news organisations have long blocked or junked rants from the Lockerbie-bombing conspiracy theorist Patrick Haseldine . Not so The Ecologist magazine .  Oliver Tickell , the new editor , has just published `` the shocking truth '' of Lockerbie by the man who styles himself `` Emeritus Professor of Lockerbie Studies '' . Haselnut has long claimed that Pan Am 103 was blown up by the apartheid South African government in order to kill an unfortunate Swedish passenger , Bernt Carlsson , the UN Assistant Secretary-General and UN Commissioner for Namibia .  As well as aiming various far-fetched accusations over the years at people connected to the Lockerbie investigations and trials , Haseldine has also claimed that he was `` nominated '' for last year 's Private Eye Paul Foot Award -- by which he meant he had in fact submitted his own material for consideration .

neg: Haden (mango) The ` Haden ' mango ( or , ` Hayden ' ) is a named mango cultivar that became one of the most widely cultivated in the world after it was introduced in the early 20th century through south Florida . It would ultimately become the parent of many other mango cultivars later developed in Florida .

neg: Dualstar Dualstar Entertainment Group , LLC is a privately held American limited liability company owned by Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen , which produced movies , TV shows , magazines , video games , etc. . Dualstar was based in Los Angeles , California .   In 2004 , the company released New York Minute , the Olsen twins ' first theatrical film since 1995 's It Takes Two . The film was a box office bomb and suffered negative critical reception . Its failure led to the company struggling to keep up operations . In 2007 , the company fell into dormancy . The company was later revived in 2013 for a series of fragrances .

neg: PantyProp PantyProp is an American made company that makes menstruation underwear and menstruation swimwear for people to use as a substitute or supplement to other feminine hygiene products .

neg: The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson .   The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements .   Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson .   The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . ''   Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . ''   The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .


query: A Song of Ice and Fire is by George Raymond Richard Martin.

pos: A Song of Ice and Fire A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin . He began the first volume of the series , A Game of Thrones , in 1991 and had it published in 1996 . Martin , who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy , has published five out of a planned seven volumes . The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011 , A Dance with Dragons , took Martin five years to write . He is still writing the sixth novel , The Winds of Winter .   A Song of Ice and Fire takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos . The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine , in the first novel , to thirty-one by the fifth . Three main stories interweave a dynastic war among several families for control of Westeros , the rising threat of the supernatural Others in the northernmost reaches of Westeros , and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen , the deposed king 's exiled daughter , to assume the Iron Throne .   Martin 's inspirations included the Wars of the Roses and the French historical novels The Accursed Kings by Maurice Druon . A Song of Ice and Fire received praise for its diverse portrayal of women and religion , as well as its realism . An assortment of disparate and subjective points of view confronts the reader , and the success or survival of point of view characters is never assured . Within the often morally ambiguous world of A Song of Ice and Fire , questions concerning loyalty , pride , human sexuality , piety , and the morality of violence frequently arise .   As of April 2015 , the books have sold more than 60 million copies worldwide and , as of January 2017 , have been translated into 47 languages . The fourth and fifth volumes reached the top of The New York Times Best Seller lists upon their releases . Among the many derived works are several prequel novellas , a TV series , a comic book adaptation , and several card , board , and video games .

pos: George R. R. Martin -RCB- -RCB-   George Raymond Richard Martin ( born George Raymond Martin ; September 20 , 1948 ) , often referred to as GRRM , is an American novelist and short-story writer in the fantasy , horror , and science fiction genres , screenwriter , and television producer . He is best known for his international bestselling series of epic fantasy novels , A Song of Ice and Fire , which was later adapted into the HBO dramatic series Game of Thrones .   Martin serves as the series ' co-executive producer , and also scripted four episodes of the series . In 2005 , Lev Grossman of Time called Martin `` the American Tolkien '' , and the magazine later named him one of the `` 2011 Time 100 '' , a list of the `` most influential people in the world . ''

neg: Song of the Gargoyle The Song of the Gargoyle is a 1991 book for young readers by Zilpha Keatley Snyder . Set in the middle ages , it tells the story of a young boy named Tymmon who lives with his father Komus , the court jester of Austerneve . When Komus is abducted by an anonymous man with a Black Helmet , thirteen-year-old Tymmon is able to escape Black Helmet and leaves the castle grounds to seek refuge in the Sombrous Forest , a forbidden place occupied by wolves and magical beings . Most wonderfully , Tymmon is adopted by a gargoyle named Troff -- a creature with the loyalty of a dog and the fearsome powers of an enchanted being .   After a season surviving in the forest , Tymmon longs to rescue his father and to find a way to avenge him , as a knight would . But Tymmon is a commoner , and he burns with anger at his father , who threw away a noble heritage to become a lowly jester . Tymmon had to watch his childhood playmate turn away from him to become a squire and train for the knighthood Tymmon can never know .   When Tymmon realizes that Troff can pose as a dog , he and Troff leave the forest together . As they travel , Tymmon sees the poverty and suffering of peasants ravaged by feudalistic greed . In the city he discovers that with his talent for music and joking , inherited from his father , he and Troff can make people happy . Beyond that , performing enables him to communicate with people from all walks of life .   Of Song of the Gargolye , Zilpha Keatley Snyder says , `` High among the periods that inspired my childhood dreamscapes were the middle ages . Not a very specific or historic middle ages , actually , so much as a fantasy world peopled by beautiful princesses and -- most especially -- by noble knights . I especially liked the knights . No doubt due , at least in part , to the fact that they rode horses . ( I was also enamored of cowboys . ) However , when I grew older and less romantic , I began to look at my hardware-clad heroes from a more critical point of view . Knights , I discovered , were often a pretty cruel and bloodthirsty bunch , not to mention ignorant and superstitious ... So when I got around to setting a story in their time , I cast about for a hero or two with a better odor . And the result was Tymmon and his father , Komus . And Troff ? Just another tribute to the memory of various more-or-less miraculous four-legged friends . ''   Category : American children 's novels  Category :1991 American novels

neg: Cultural depictions of the Anarchy Cultural depictions of the Anarchy , a long-running civil war in England between 1135 and 1153 , has furnished the background of some major fictional portrayals . These include :   George Shipway 's novel Knight in Anarchy ( 1969 ) centres on a knight sworn to Geoffrey de Mandeville as he tries to gain power in the Anarchy .  Cecelia Holland 's The Earl , also published as Hammer for Princes ( 1971 ) , gives a vivid description of the last year of the struggle , Prince Henry 's invasion of England and his eventual recognition as King Stephen 's heir .  Graham Shelby 's 1972 novel The Oath and the Sword ( aka The Villains of the Piece ) , focuses on Empress Matilda 's faithful supporter Brien FitzCount , Lord of Wallingford , through the years of the Anarchy .  Jean Plaidy 's Passionate Enemies ( c. 1976 ) from her multi-volume treatment of the British monarchy , captures the mood of the period and the personalities of Matilda and Stephen .  Ellis Peters set her series of Brother Cadfael books ( published 1977 -- 1994 ) against the background of the Anarchy .  Diana Norman 's novel Morning Gift ( published in 1985 ) follows the trials of a Norman noblewoman as she struggles to keep safe her lands , her young son , and her people during the period of the Anarchy .  Ken Follett 's novel The Pillars of the Earth ( published in 1989 ) is set during this time , and was adapted to an eight-part TV miniseries debuting in the U.S. on Starz and Canada on The Movie Network/Movie Central on July 23 , 2010 . It premiered in the UK on Channel 4 , October 16 , 2010 , and on CBC Television January 8 , 2011 .  Sharon Kay Penman 's 750-page novel When Christ and His Saints Slept ( published in 1995 ) gives a comprehensive and informative view of the entire power struggle .  Elizabeth Chadwick 's A Place Beyond Courage ( published 2008 , Sphere ) is set during the Anarchy , focusing on the life of John FitzGilbert the Marshal . Her most recent novel The Lady of the English focuses on Matilda and on Henry 's young wife Adeliza .  The Anarchy is the inspiration for the fictional civil war called Dance of the Dragons between princess Rhaenyra Targaryen and her half-brother Aegon , depicted in George R. R. Martin 's novella The Princess and the Queen ( published 2013 in the anthology Dangerous Women ) and set in the same fictional universe as his epic fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire .   Category : The Anarchy  Category :12 th century in fiction

neg: The History of Middle-earth The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , compiled and edited by his son , Christopher Tolkien . The series shows the development over time of Tolkien 's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples , languages , and history , from his earliest notions of a `` mythology for England '' through to the development of the stories that make up The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . It is not a `` history of Middle-earth '' in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective . In 2000 -- 01 , the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes . Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002 .

neg: Dragon Harper Dragon Harper is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey , part of the Dragonriders of Pern series that she initiated in 1967 . Published forty years later , it was the twenty-first in the series .   Dragon Harper and the previous novels Dragon 's Kin and Dragon 's Fire feature Kindan as a boy and young man , about 500 years after landing on Pern ( 500 AL ) . They were the first collaborations by mother and son .

neg: Cold Fire (Koontz novel) Cold Fire is a 1991 novel written by the best-selling author Dean Koontz .

neg: Game of Thrones (2014 video game) Game of Thrones is an episodic graphic adventure fantasy drama video game based on Game of Thrones , the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy series , released in December 2014 for Android , iOS , Microsoft Windows , OS X , PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , Xbox 360 , and Xbox One .   The game was developed by Telltale Games and follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles , such as The Walking Dead , The Wolf Among Us , and Tales from the Borderlands , where player choices and actions influence later events across the 6-episode arc . The story revolves around the northern House Forrester , rulers of Ironrath , whose members , including the five playable characters , attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings . The game includes settings , characters and voice actors from the novels and TV series .   The game was generally well received , and Telltale is currently working on a second season of the game .

neg: Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama .   There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes .   The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director .   Category : Occupations in music

neg: George McWhirter George McWhirter ( born September 26 , 1939 in Belfast , Northern Ireland ) is a Northern Irish-Canadian writer , translator , editor , teacher and Vancouver 's first Poet Laureate .   The son of a shipyard worker , George McWhirter was raised in a large extended family on the Shankill Road in Belfast . He and his extended family spent the war years and then weekends and the summers at their seaside bungalow in Carnalea , now a suburb of Bangor , County Down . In 1957 he began a `` combined scholarship '' studying English and Spanish at Queen 's University , Belfast , and education at Stranmillis College , Belfast . His tutor at Queen 's was the poet Laurence Lerner , and he was a classmate with the future literary critic Robert Dunbar and the poets Seamus Heaney and Seamus Deane . After graduating , McWhirter taught in Kilkeel and Bangor , County Down , Northern Ireland , and in Barcelona , Spain , before moving to Port Alberni , B.C. Canada . After receiving his M.A. from the University of British Columbia ( UBC ) , where he studied under Michael Bullock and J. Michael Yates , he stayed on to become a Full Professor in 1982 and Head of the Creative Writing Department from 1983 to 1993 . He retired as a Professor Emeritus in 2005 . He was associated with PRISM international magazine from 1968 to 2005 . McWhirter is the author and editor of numerous books and the recipient of many awards . His first book of poetry , Catalan Poems , was a joint winner of the first Commonwealth Poetry Prize with Chinua Achebe 's Beware , Soul Brother . He was made a life member of the League of Canadian Poets in 2005 and is also a member of the Writers ' Union of Canada and PEN International .  In March 2007 , he was named Vancouver 's inaugural Poet Laureate for a two-year term . He currently writes full-time and lives in Vancouver with his wife . They have two children and three grandchildren .

neg: Dragon Fire (novel) Dragon Fire is a 2000 novel by BBC political and foreign correspondent Humphrey Hawksley about a 2007 war between China , India and Pakistan , which draws in Australia , Bhutan , Myanmar , Nepal , New Zealand , Tibet , the United Kingdom , and the United States , and threatens to escalate to nuclear war .   While a work of fiction , the novel attempts to raise awareness of real geopolitical issues in the region .    This novel gives us nightmare scenarios where the world 's worst fears begin on 10:00 a.m. on 3 May 2007 .  A SFF ( Special Frontier Force ) Major , Gendun Choedrak Assaults Drapchi prison with paratroopers to free Tibetan religious leaders who are being incarcerated there .  Far out west , Pakistan launches an attack on the strategic outpost of Kargil , promptly raising the green crescent flag on Indian soil . China accuses India of attacking Chinese soil and declares war .  It 's Pakistan and China vs India now , 3 nuclear powers . Nuclear arsenals are being mobilized .  Later Pakistan is devastated while India and China are threatening nuclear war . Russia says whoever is involved in this matter will have to face her first . The West 's greatest nightmares are becoming true .

neg: A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well .   Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature .   The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes .   A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .

neg: The Night Letter The Night Letter is a 1978 book by Paul Spike , with a double-layered structure : an anti-Nazi spy thriller on the background of the early part of the Second World War , and an exposure of cynical and machiavellian maneuverings in the American corridors of power .   The book belongs to the subgenre of secret history -- i.e. with a plot in which real historical figures play a substantial part , doing things which are the author 's invention but which supposedly ( for reasons given in the plot ) remained secret and did not come to the knowledge of the public .   In the book , a British doctor meets in 1936 with President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who is unaware that the doctor is a Nazi sympathizer . The visitor manages to secretly photograph the President in a compromising position with his secretary , Missy LeHand ( whom historians widely assume to have been indeed Roosevelt 's mistress ) .   By 1940 , senior Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich possesses the picture and intends to use the photo for blackmail and prevent Roosevelt from running for a third term -- in the hope that whoever gets elected instead would be more likely to keep the US out of the Second World War .   The President must recover the photo before the Democratic Party Convention which is about to nominate him . What makes the situation more difficult is that Roosevelt also needs to bypass the FBI -- for apprehension that should the photo fall into the hands of J. Edgar Hoover , the FBI Director might use it for his own brand of blackmail . Instead , Roosevelt employs former FBI Agent Jackson , who had left the Bureau under a cloud and incurred Hoover 's personal enmity , and who is completely loyal to the President .   The bulk of the book follows Jackson 's chase after the photo , starting from Paris at the very eve of its fall to the Wehrmacht and concluding with a cataclysmic confrontation at a secret Michigan base of the `` Silver Shirts '' -- a murderous , power-mad American Fascist militia ( which truly existed , though not necessarily doing all that the book describes it as doing ) . The chase ends with a mixed result -- the Nazi agents have been killed or captured , but the negative did fall into the hands of the FBI who caught the scent of what was going on .   The book ends on a cynical note : Hoover meets the President at the White House , claims to have destroyed the negatives ( which is manifestly untrue ) and proceeds to imperiously demand the sacking of Jackson -- obviously he is under the impression that he now holds Roosevelt 's fate in his hand . Upon being shown this , the President presents a photo of his own , showing Hoover in a compromising position with a handsome young FBI agent . Roosevelt and Hoover would henceforth be tied to each other , `` like convicts in chain gang '' , each able to destroy the other but only at the cost of his own destruction .   Category :1978 books  Category : Corruption  Category : Secret histories  Category : Thriller novels

neg: Martin Allen (publicist) Martin Allen is a British author of historical works . In 2005 , in his book '' Himmler 's Secret War : The Covert Peace Negotiations of Heinrich Himmler , he used documents from the National Archives to claim that the British assassinated Heinrich Himmler . A forensic investigation concluded that the documents were false .

neg: Kenneth Morris (author) Kenneth Vennor Morris ( 31 July 1879 -- 21 April 1937 ) , sometimes using the Welsh form of his name Cenydd Morus , was a Welsh author and theosophist . Born in South Wales , he moved to London with his family as a child , and was educated at Christ 's Hospital . In 1896 he lived in Dublin for a while , where he became friends with George William Russell . From 1908 to 1930 Morris lived in California as a member of staff of the Theosophical Society headquarters at Point Loma . The last seven years of his life were spent back in his native Wales , during which time he founded seven Welsh theosophical lodges . Morris  was a friend of Talbot Mundy , and the two writers often commentated on each other 's work in The Theosophical Path  magazine .   In the verdict of Ursula K. Le Guin , Morris appears as one of the three master prose stylists of fantasy in the 20th century , together with E. R. Eddison and J. R. R. Tolkien .

neg: Keith Miles Keith Miles ( born 1940 ) is a writer of historical fiction and mystery novels . He has also written children 's books , radio and television dramas and stage plays . He is best known under the pseudonym Edward Marston , and has also written as Martin Inigo and Conrad Allen .

neg: Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation .   A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts .   The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .

neg: Sasha Chorny Alexander Mikhailovich Glikberg ( -LSB- Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Гли́кберг , p = ɐlʲɪˈksandr mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ ˈɡlʲikbʲɪrk , a = Alyexandr Mikhaylovich Glickbyerg.ru.vorb.oga -RSB- ) , better known as Sasha Chorny ( -LSB- Са́ша Чёрный , p = ˈsaʂə ˈt͡ɕɵrnɨj , a = Sasha Chyornyy.ru.vorb.oga -RSB- -- 5 July 1932 ) , was a Russian poet , satirist and children 's writer .

neg: A Song of Stone A Song of Stone is a novel by Scottish writer Iain Banks , published in 1997 .

neg: Richard Baker (game designer) Richard Baker ( full name L. Richard Baker III ) is an American author and game designer who has worked on many Dungeons & Dragons campaign settings .

neg: Atlantic Canada's 100 Greatest Books Atlantic Canada 's 100 Greatest Books is a non-fiction book by Trevor J. Adams and Stephen Patrick Clare , published by Nimbus Publishing . The first book of its type , it ranks and reviews the top 100 books written by Atlantic Canadian writers , published in the region , or focusing on the region . The 100 books chosen were selected from a list of over 2,000 titles voted on by over 700 authors , editors and critics . The book includes reviews of each of the ranked titles , top-ten lists on a variety of literary subjects , and lists from guest contributors such as the premiers of the Maritime Provinces and novelists such as David Adams Richards and Ami MacKay .   The book lists Alistair MacLeod 's No Great Mischief as the greatest Atlantic Canadian book of all time .   Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery was second .   Four authors -- Richards , Raymond Fraser , Wayne Johnston and Thomas Raddall -- each had five books make the list .   Born and raised in Digby County , Nova Scotia , Trevor J. Adams currently lives in Halifax , where he works as editor of Halifax Magazine . Stephen Patrick Clare is a freelance writer and professional musician , originally from Montreal and currently residing in Halifax .

neg: Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore .   There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald .   Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney .   From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .


query: Oh Yeon-seo worked in a group.

pos: Oh Yeon-seo Oh Yeon-seo ( born Oh Haet-nim , on June 22 , 1987 ) , is a South Korean actress and former member of South Korean girl group , LUV . She is best known for her roles in television dramas My Husband Got a Family ( 2012 ) , Jang Bo-ri is Here ! ( 2014 ) , Shine or Go Crazy ( 2015 ) and Please Come Back , Mister ( 2016 ) .

neg: Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation ( MBC ; 문화방송주식회사 Hanja : 文化放送 ; Munhwa Bangsong Jushikhoesa , literally `` Cultural Broadcasting Corporation '' ) is one of the leading South Korean television and radio networks . Munhwa is the Korean word for `` culture '' . Its flagship terrestrial television station is Channel 11 ( LCN ) for Digital .   Established on December 2 , 1961 , MBC is a Korean terrestrial broadcaster which has a nationwide network of 17 regional stations . Though it operates on advertising , MBC is a public broadcaster , as its largest shareholder is a public organization , The Foundation of Broadcast Culture . Today , it is a multimedia group with one terrestrial TV channel , three radio channels , five cable channels , five satellite channels and four DMB channels .   MBC is headquartered in Digital Media City ( DMC ) , Mapo-gu , Seoul and has the largest broadcast production facilities in Korea including digital production center Dream Center in Ilsan , indoor and outdoor sets in Yongin Daejanggeum Park .

neg: Hyunoong Hyunoong Sunim is a Korean Zen master as well as a Taoist Master born in South Korea . He is a disciple of Ku San Sunim and entered Songgwangsa Buddhist Monastery in 1966 . From 1966-1969 he studied in the Sutra Hall of Songgwangsa , studying Buddhist sutras and philosophy . In 1970 he began his studies of Zen philosophy and Zen meditation . After ten years of training in Zen Meditation halls , he felt that the traditional zen hall training was not helping his practice . He then lived for three years as a wandering beggar , begging for his food and places to sleep . This gave him the opportunity to let go of everything he was holding on to . It was during this period that he finally realized what correct zen practice really is , and felt that he was ready to study under a great master . He then went to Master Jeon Gang Sunim in YongHwaSa Temple in Incheon , South Korea and began studying under him .   At this point he began living in small remote mountain hermitages doing intensive zen practice . During this time he heard about a Taoist hermit who was teaching a Qigong breathing practice called `` Kuk Sun-do '' . He began training under Taoist Master Chung San in 1972 and in 1982 was sanctioned as a Taoist Master . Master Sunim spent six years in rigorous practice alone in hermitages in remote mountain areas where he followed a raw food diet , eating what the mountains made available .   However , from the time he lived and practice in Zen meditation halls Master Sunim experienced health difficulties which no medical doctor or Chinese herbalist was able to alleviate . His lay supporters would bring him expensive ginseng to help give him more energy and strength , but this just worsened his condition and over time he became continually weaker . Finally he met an acupuncturist/herbalist who told him that he had a `` Lesser Yang constitution '' and gave him an herbal formula to take . Master Sunim described the results of this formula as suddenly turning his health around 180 degrees . He was astounded at how much better he felt and began to inquire about the system of medicine the herbalist was using . He was told this was traditional Korean Sasang Constitutional Medicine . Master Sunim immediately decided he was going to study this medical system . He felt that it was important that he learn to take care of his own health , since so many doctors had been unable to help him . During his years of practicing in hermitages he also studied Sasang Constitutional Medicine ( SCM ) under two renowned acupuncturist/herbalists . One of them was so impressed with Sunim 's diligence and special skills in quickly understanding the principles of SCM that when he retired from his practice he gave all his journals and notes to Sunim for his own reference .   In 1985 he was invited by Hae Heng , a French monk who had studied in Songgwangsa , to become the spiritual director of the Buddhayana Vihara Zen Center in Geneva Switzerland . Master Sunim held this position from 1985-1986 His experience in Switzerland made him realize that , given his limited English and French skills , he needed a way to better understand his students and the personal problems about which they would seek his advice . Upon returning to South Korea in early 1986 he began to study the system of Five Element natal charts under a famous practitioner in the city of Gwangju , Cholla Namdo . These natal charts gave him some insight into the personality of the individual , and deepened his understanding of Five Element principles which he had studied in SCM .   In the early summer of 1986 Master Sunim , accompanied by Jaguang Sunim , a Canadian Buddhist nun who also trained in Songgwangsa , as his translator , traveled to Vancouver , BC Canada where he established a Zen and Sun-do center . Here he continued his own Zen practice , as well as continuing his studies of SCM herbology and Five Element natal charts . One day , while contemplating a natal chart , it suddenly occurred to him that the Five Elements visible in an individual 's natal chart could provide a map indicating their body constitution in the SCM system . The most difficult part , the weakest link , of the Korean SCM system was the actual determination of a person 's body constitution . Traditionally they had used various markers such as the physical shape of the body , pulse , blood type , personality , emotions etc. to try to determine the body constitution , but these had always proved to be somewhat inaccurate . Sunim decided to test his theory that the Five Element natal charts could point to the individual 's body constitution with much more accuracy . In SCM herbology there is a broad set of many different formulas for each constitution . As long as the practitioner has correctly determined the constitution of the patient , then the herbal formulas for that constitution will all fundamentally agree with them and cause no irreversible harm . The healing energies of the herbs all fall into one of the Five Elements , so if the herbal formula was a combination of Five Elements that was compatible with the Five Element makeup of the patient 's internal organs/energies , then in theory they would experience a beneficial response to the herbal formula . Through this system of testing , matching the Five Element natal chart with the Five Element energies of the herbal formulas , Master Sunim discovered that the natal charts did indeed provide an extremely accurate picture of the internal energy condition of the patient , and therefore showing the patient 's body constitution . He continued to investigate and use these two systems over the next 20 years .   One early spring day , while sitting in the Zen hall , suddenly all his doubts were resolved and he wrote the following song of enlightenment :     '' Even existing dharmas must be discarded ,  So how can we cling to Dharmas which do n't exist !  Ah ha ! Futilely the Ancients busily pursued  enlightenment , then departed .  The countenance , existing of its own accord  I wonder who named it buddha or sentient being ?  Even one true Dharma can not survive .  Outside the window , the cherry tree  is singing this news . ''   He is currently head abbot of temples on two continents , the Sixth Patriarch Zen Center in Berkeley , CA and the Sixth Patriarch Temple in Seoul , South Korea . He has taught in various Zen centers throughout the United States and Switzerland .

neg: Yeongseo Yeongseo ( -LSB- jʌŋ.sʌ -RSB- , -LSB- ɾjɔŋ.sɔ -RSB- ) is the western , inland region of Gangwon Province , South Korea and Kangwon Province , North Korea . It is divided from the coastal Yeongdong region by the Taebaek Mountains . The name yeongseo reflects this distinction ; it literally means `` west of the passes '' . The region is marked by high plateaus and mountains , with deep valleys . The Han and Nakdong Rivers both have their headwaters in this region . Agriculture in Yeongseo was traditionally carried out by slash-and-burn methods , but in modern times this has largely been replaced by other techniques , including high-altitude shiitake farming .

neg: Eugene Group Eugene Group is a large South Korean chaebol ( conglomerate ) , producing industry , media , construction , confectionery and child house products .

neg: Shh (After School song) `` Shh '' is the sixth Japanese single from South Korean girl group After School . The single was released on January 29 , 2014 . The track is produced by Shinichi Osawa , who previously produced their fifth Japanese single `` Heaven '' . It was the last Japanese single with Lee Jooyeon before she graduated in December 2014 .

neg: Guro District, Seoul Guro District ( Guro-gu ) is a district of Seoul , South Korea , which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1 , 1980 . Located in the southwestern part of the city , where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads , land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country . The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon . In addition , Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1 , 2 , and 7 , and major highways intersect in Guro District .   The name Guro originates from the legend that nine ( gu ) old men ( Korean : ro ) enjoyed longevity in the district .   A digital industrial complex is located in Guro District . The Guro Digital Industrial Complex , which played a leading industrial role mainly with textile manufacturing , dressmaking and other labour-intensive industries in 1967 , has been rapidly changed into an IT industrial complex . This complex played a pivotal role in the economic growth of the South Korea 's development era , referred to as the `` Miracle on the Han River '' , and also contributed 10 percent of national export in the 1970s .   Twenty-one percent of the total area of Guro District is a restricted zone to be used as a greenbelt with the only arboretum in Seoul . The zone is changing into a lively district as large labour-intensive factories are moving from the area and the council is developing what it terms its four zones .   An `` e-government '' system based on this hosted the international e-participation forum on February 7 -- 9 , 2007 , with the participation of more than thirty-seven countries . The forum was launched with the theme `` Promoting Democracy and Regional Development '' and twenty-five mayors including André Santini ( Issy-les-Moulineaux , France ) , Kevin Foy ( Chapel Hill , US ) , Apirak Kosayothin ( Bangkok , Thailand ) , Uvais Mohamed Emthiyas ( Colombo , Sri Lanka ) , and world experts such as Dr William H. Dutton ( Director of Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford , UK ) and Dr Ari-Veiko Anttiroiko ( professor at the University of Tampere , Finland ) participated in the forum . The Guro Declaration , adopted during the forum , aims to set up a portal site for e-government development and to establish a concrete project in order to bridge the digital divide among the world 's cities . This practice has been recognised for providing a new important step in the development of e-democracy .   The e-participation forum was a key factor for Guro to play the leading role in bridging the digital divide among cities , to provide I.T. enterprises located in Guro Digital Industrial Complex the opportunity to launch into the international market , to improve its image and become a global leader to concrete e-democracy .

neg: Office lady An office lady , often abbreviated OL , is a female office worker in Japan who performs generally pink collar tasks such as serving tea and secretarial or clerical work . Office ladies are usually full-time permanent staff , although the jobs they perform usually have little opportunity for promotion , and there is usually the tacit expectation that they leave their jobs once they get married .   Often nicknamed shokuba no hana or `` office flower '' , office ladies are usually hired right after high school or junior high , with university graduates discouraged from pursuing this type of career . They are kept around the office for the youth they bring to it , hence the `` flower '' nickname . They are charged with routine , menial tasks meant to support the male workers . This type of career offers very little chance of advancement and was specifically designed so that women would leave for marriage before their thirties . Women between the ages of twenty four and twenty eight often are advised to settle down as a subtle message to quit , as those years are considered the most suitable for marriage .   Due to some Japanese pop culture influence in China mainland , Taiwan and Hong Kong , the term is also in common usage there . However , the meaning of the word is slightly different . In China , the word represents the white-collar women ( usually highly educated , high-pressure , high-income , smartly dressed ) , the combination of beauty and wisdom .

neg: Seungji Seungji ( in Hangul : 승지 , in Hanja : 承旨 ) was the term for `` royal secretary '' or `` recipient of edicts '' during late Goryeo dynasty and Joseon . Other names were Seungseon ( in Hangul : 승선 , in Hanja : 承宣 ) , Yonghoo   In the era of Goryeo , Munjong designated 4 personnel in charge of dealing with commands of the king , of which official term became transformed from Seungseon to Seungji later in 1276 during the reign of King Chungnyeol . The highest-rank official of Seungji is called Doseungji ( Jijoosa or Jishinsa ) whose workplace was separated in spite of becoming the member of central Cabinet . Core duty of Seungji was to work independently without any interference of other subjects out of political pressure .   Later in 1400 of Joseon , Seungjeongwon ( in Hangul : 승정원 ) where Seungji belonged to become anindependent organ after three major organs came to remain as three of chief organs .

neg: Japanese work environment Many both in and outside Japan share an image of the Japanese work environment that is based on a and '' model used by large companies as well as a reputation of long work-hours and strong devotion to one 's company . This environment is said to reflect economic conditions beginning in the 1920s , when major corporations competing in the international marketplace began to accrue the same prestige that had traditionally been ascribed to the daimyo-retainer relationship of feudal Japan or government service in the Meiji Restoration . At the very top , the most prestigious companies would recruit and retain the best workers by offering better benefits and truly lifetime job security . By the 1960s , employment at a large prestigious company had become the goal of children of the new middle class , the pursuit of which required mobilization of family resources and great individual perseverance in order to achieve success in the fiercely competitive education system .   Employees are expected to work hard and demonstrate loyalty to the firm , in exchange for some degree of job security and benefits , such as housing subsidies , good insurance , the use of recreation facilities , and bonuses and pensions . Wages begin low , but seniority is rewarded , with promotions based on a combination of seniority and ability . Leadership is not based on assertiveness or quick decision making but on the ability to create consensus , taking into account the needs of subordinates . Surveys indicate continued preference for bosses who are demanding but show concern for workers ' private lives over less-demanding bosses interested only in performance on the job . This system rewards behavior demonstrating identification with the team effort , indicated by singing the company song , not taking all of one 's vacation days , and sharing credit for accomplishments with the work group . Pride in one 's work is expressed through competition with other parallel sections in the company and between one 's company and other companies in similar lines of business . Thus , individuals are motivated to maintain wa ( harmony ) and participate in group activities , not only on the job but also in after-hours socializing ( nomikai ) . The image of group loyalty , however , may be more a matter of ideology than practice , especially for people who do not make it to the top .

neg: Korean Wave The Korean Wave ( , , a neologism literally meaning `` flow of Korea '' ) is the increase in global popularity of South Korean culture since the 1990s . First driven by the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East , South and Southeast Asia during its initial stages , the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon , carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop music videos on YouTube .   Since the turn of the 21st century , South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism , aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy . The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in many parts of the world has prompted the South Korean government to support its creative industries through subsidies and funding for start-ups , as a form of soft power and in its aim of becoming one of the world 's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and British culture , a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century . During this time the Korean society began to be recognized as a developed country similar to that of the Western world .   Part of the success of the Korean Wave owes in part to the development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms such as YouTube , which have allowed the Korean entertainment industry to reach a sizable overseas audience . Use of these media in facilitating promotion , distribution and consumption of various forms of Korean entertainment ( and K-pop in particular ) has contributed to their surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s .

neg: Seohyun Seo Ju-hyun ( born June 28 , 1991 ) , known professionally as Seohyun , is a South Korean singer and actress . She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation ( and later its subgroup TTS ) in August 2007 , who went on to be one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . Apart from her group 's activities , she has established herself as an actress , notably through her participation in the original and Korean versions of stage musicals including Moon Embracing the Sun , Gone with the Wind and Mamma Mia . She also starred in the drama `` Moon Lovers : Scarlet Heart Ryeo '' . She debuted as a solo artist with her debut mini album , Do n't Say No , on January 17 , 2017 , making her the third Girls ' Generation member to debut as a solo artist .

neg: Kayla J. Yoo Kayla J. Yoo is a songwriter , singer , music producer , multimedia designer and music columnist from South Korea who has developed Joombas Music Group as Chief Content Officer with Justine Ok , Yena Seo , and Hyuk Shin in 2011 . In 2013 , she was involved as a songwriter on `` Romantic St ' of Girls ' Generation 's 4th album , I Got A Boy , which hit Billboard # 1 World album chart in January 2013 . Deeply involved with Fiera Music in 2012 as a director , she works on various music projects as a singer , lyricist , A&R , and multimedia designer/producer in New York City .   As a multimedia designer and producer , she has either directed , produced , interviewed , or written many interviews for artists Marques Houston , Elijah Blake , RAS , Mat Musto , Torae , and Oddisee . With Joombas Music Group , she directed contents on Joombas TV ( the online media channel of Joombas Music Group ) , including industry news , interviews , online reality show and documentary . She also has worked as a video editor for the music video of the song ` Heal ' by Natascha Bessez . The music video was featured by the actor Hunter Johansson , twin brother of Scarlett Johansson , and it was released in February 2013 .   As a music columnist , she works with Korean Hiphop/R & B online magazine HiphopLE . She writes the series of ` R&B Talk ' , ` Feature ' , and ` Stars in Love ' , which also published offline , by the Korean fashion magazine ` FAST ' in 2013 . In July 2013 , she became a panel of the official podcast radio of HiphopLE , `` The Art Of Hip-Hop '' and `` Hot Issue '' . She 's also known as the voice of HiphopLE 's intro clip , speaking the slogan ` One Step Closer to Hip-hop and R&B Music ' . In February 2014 , HiphopLE held a contest to find the new instrumental for the intro clip with using Kayla , Jolly V and NateDogg 's voices .   On January 28 , 2014 , Kayla made her music video directing debut in the single album , `` Champion '' by Born I Music and Justine . The single was released digitally and distributed worldwide by Fiera Music/Sony Music Entertainment Korea and the music video was certified by VEVO . Kayla got also involved as a director of the project and the background singer .  Subsequently , `` Champion '' was also featured in a Sony Music compilation album for the Sochi 2014 Olympics released on February 7 , 2014 . Also listed on the album were artists such as Pharrell Williams , Daft Punk , Justin Timberlake , Lenka , Avril Lavigne , Shakira , Pitbull , One Direction , Dami Im , Britney Spears , Chris Brown , Miley Cyrus , Foster The People , Paloma Faith , Helena , Tinashe , Krewella , Little Mix , Beyoncé , Russian Red , Justice Crew , Ailee , and Lucas Nord .

neg: Shin Jeong-yil Shin Jeong Yil ( Shin Jeongyil , hangul : 신정일 , hanja : 申正一 , 1938 -- 1999 ) was a Korean religious leader ( the founder of Hanol-gyo ) , a politician and an entrepreneur .   Hanol-gyo ( Korean : 한얼교 , Hanol gyo or Hanolgyo ) is a Korean religion founded by Shin Jeong Yil . Hanol-gyo can be regarded as the religious re-establishment of the Korean national founding philosophy which foresaw the possibility of an evolution in human consciousness 5000 years ago .   Hanol-gyo is an unconventional religion : it is the teachings on enlightenment and awakening ; it pursues self-liberation of consciousness rather than the traditional ways of religious worship . Hanol-gyo permits its participants to practice other religions as well : it honors and respects all other enlightened beings ( Dangun , Buddha , Jesus , Lao-tzu , Confucius , etc. ) , along with their teachings and their religions ; it aims to overcome religious separation and unite under the name of Truth .   The Founder 's Doctrine is `` Naol is Hanol '' , which means `` My true spiritual nature is one with the spiritual nature of All . ''   When Hanol-gyo was first founded 50 years ago , the society was suffering from the aftermath of the Korean War under the strict Military regime .  Despite the unfavorable circumstances , the rise of the Hanol Spiritual Movement with 800,000 followers allowed the Governmental recognition of Hanol-gyo by 1967 . After the recognition , Hanol-gyo branches were rapidly established throughout the country and Hanol-gyo reached 2 million members at its peak .   As a politician , Shin Jeong Yil formed the Unified Korea Political Party and ran for the Korean Presidency twice , in the 13th Presidency in 1987 and 15th Presidency in 1997 .   As the Founder and Chairman of the Hanon Group , Shin Jeong Yil acquired the right to develop one of the largest crude oil mines in Iraq . He protested against the war in Iraq and supplied medicine for the children suffering from the war . As recognition of his humanitarian and diplomatic efforts , he was appointed to the Honorary Consul by both the Iraqi and Korean governments .   In 1998 , Shin Jeong Yil published the Hanol Scriptures , the compilation of 36 books containing the profound teachings on the Truth and its applications on philosophy , epistemology , metaphysics , science , economics , politics , society , nature , culture and religion .   Shin Jeong Yil died in 1999 . According to the press , `` unprecedented number of sari ( sacred crystals found among the cremated remains of enlightened monks and Buddha ) were found and witnessed by many people including clerics and monks of other religions . Hanol-gyo has been exhibiting the sari at the Commemoration Ceremonies of the Founder . ''

neg: Haedong Goseungjeon The Haedong Goseungjeon ( translated most commonly as the `` Lives of Eminent Korean Monks '' ) was a compilation of mostly Korean Buddhist hagiographies , notably of famous monks from the Three Kingdoms period of Korean history .   It was compiled by the monk Gakhun ( dates unknown ) by order of the Goryeo king Gojong in 1215 . Though Gakhun was working in the tradition of Chinese Buddhist historiography ( which had a long tradition of compiling lives of eminent monks ) , as was the case with the compilation of the Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa , the composing of the Haedong Goseungjeon was meant to promote native exemplars , in this case of Buddhist piety . It also served to bring prominence and merit to the court that ordered its compilation .   The work , along with the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa , comprises one of the most important sources for the Three Kingdoms period . The monk Iryeon consulted the work some half a century later when compiling his Samguk Yusa .   It was long thought that the work was lost , until portions of it were rediscovered at a Buddhist temple in Seongju in the early twentieth century . Only two of probably more than ten volumes survive . The extant volumes include biographies of eighteen famous and not -- so -- famous Buddhist monks from Goguryeo and Silla , as well as India and China . Unfortunately , some of the most famous of Three Kingdoms period Buddhist figures are not included ( namely Wonhyo ) , though they were presumably included in the missing volumes .   Not much is known of the work ` s chief compiler , except that he served as the chief abbot of Yeongtongsa , i.e. the Yeong Tong Temple in the city of Kaesŏng , North Korea , which was then the capital city of Goryeo . His deeds go unrecorded in the Goryeosa ( History of Goryeo ) .   The work was translated into English by Peter H. Lee in 1969 .

neg: Koo Jun-hoe Koo Jun-hoe ( Hangul : 구준회 , born March 31 , 1997 ) is a South Korean singer . He is a member of the South Korean boy group iKON , signed under YG Entertainment .   He appeared on the 2013 Mnet reality survival programme WIN : Who Is Next as part of `` Team B '' , competing against other YG Entertainment trainees for the chance to debut as a group . He went on to appear in the 2014 follow-up programme Mix & Match , which determined the lineup of iKON , along with bandmates B.I , Bobby , Jinhwan , Donghyuk , Yunhyeong and Chanwoo .

neg: Young Yang Chung Young Yang Chung is a textile historian and embroiderer . She earned a Ph.D. at New York University in 1976 , with a doctoral dissertation on the origins of embroidery and its historical development of China , Japan , and Korea , and has lectured worldwide on the topic of East Asian embroidery . Through lectures , demonstrations , writings , teaching , workshops , and exhibitions of her work , she has endeavored to foster appreciation of an art form often stigmatized as `` women 's work '' and to challenge the notion of textiles as `` minor arts '' .   Chung received an honorary doctorate degree from Sookmyung University , Seoul , South Korea in 2001 and she was awarded a Distinguished Alumna Achievement Award by New York University 's Steinhardt School of Culture , Education , and Human Development at the 2013 Doctoral Convocation .   Chung has dedicated her life to the textile arts , not only as an embroiderer and teacher of this art form but also as a historian of traditional East Asian textiles and a collector of outstanding examples . Her embroideries are included in the collections of numerous museums in the world including the Smithsonian Institution and the presidential palaces .   Her legacy includes a body of groundbreaking publications such as The Art of Oriental Embroidery ( 1979 ) and Silken Threads : A History of Embroidery in China , Korea , Japan , and Vietnam ( 2005 ) , as well as the Chung Young Yang Embroidery Museum ( C.E.M. ) , an exhibition , educational , and research facility she inaugurated in May 2004 at Sookmyung Women 's University in Seoul , South Korea .   Chung was the curator of The Chung Young Yang Embroidery Museum 's inaugural exhibition , which traces the origins of silk embroidery in China and its dissemination throughout East Asia , and she will remain at the Museum as a director and curator , in addition to being a professor of graduate school of arts and designs .

neg: University of Seoul The University of Seoul ( UOS ) ( Korean : 서울시립대학교 ) is a public university located in Seoul , Korea . It was founded as Kyung Sung Public Agricultural College in 1918 and renamed the University of Seoul in 1997 . UOS is one of top 3 universities without medical school in Korea in 2012 . According to 2015 report from The Times Higher Education , UOS ranked 7th among the all Korean universities and 49th among all the Asian universities . In another survey , UOS ranked 14th in the Asian midsize universities . UOS was reported the best value public university in Korea , with high financial investment and scholarship amount per student . Students ' affinity to the school was ranked in the first place and students ' satisfaction is in the second according to a 2010 survey . UOS is famous for a large number of alumni working as national or municipal government officials . UOS is specialized in College of Urban Science and has top-tier programs of environmental engineering , science in taxation , transportation engineering , urban planning and design , landscape architecture , and urban administration .   In 2012 , the mayor of Seoul , Park Won-soon , implemented a campaign promise , `` Half-priced tuition '' as soon as he started his term . The half-priced tuition was initiated in UOS first so that it would drive other universities to decrease their tuition . In 2013 , UOS tuition per semester ranged from $ 915 to $ 1,441 ( two semesters a year , 1,117.3 won / $ in 2013 ) . Because of high quality of education and low tuition of UOS , admission process has been more competitive . And student 's satisfaction is still very high . In 2012 , the registration rate of new students was very high ( 96 % ) and the withdrawal rate of students was extremely low ( 0.97 % ) , compared with other universities in Seoul .   Because UOS students think that they take a lot of financial and educational benefits from the Seoul government , most of them participate in social works . Number of social work volunteers in 2012 was 3,105 and is expected to increase .

neg: Japan Association of Corporate Executives The is a Japanese professional association of independent leading executives . Founded in 1948 , the group engages in advocacy on public policy issues related to the development of the Japanese economy in both a domestic and global context . The association is commonly referred to as `` Keizai Dōyukai '' .   Keizai Dōyukai conducts in-depth policy studies , publishes position papers , and holds regular meetings and seminars on issues relating to the development of the Japanese economy . The association seeks to engage with political parties , government officials , labour organizations and other economic stakeholders .   For most of the post-war period , Keizai Dōyukai has promoted a more progressive , innovative and market based economic approach to business issues in contrast to the position of country 's other main corporate sponsored business associations ; Keidanren and the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry .

neg: VSKhSON VSKhSON is an acronym for the All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People ( -LSB- Всероссийский социал-христианский союз освобождения народа , translit = Vserossiyskiy sotsial-khristianskiy soyuz osvobozhdeniya naroda -RSB- ) , an underground anti-Soviet organization that operated in the Soviet Union during 1964 -- 1967 . The Union was founded by Leningrad State University alumni in February 1964 , and counted 28 members and 30 candidates .   VSKhSON ideology was named `` Social Christianity '' and has its roots in the Third Position , that neither communism nor capitalism . It was aimed to project of Christian ethics on a reformed social and economical structure of Soviet society . In order to achieve that goal , it was supposed to create the Supreme Council with the right to veto any government initiative , which should consist of one-third of members of the highest Russian Orthodox hierarchy , and two-third of life `` outstanding representatives of the nation '' , while the head of the proposed `` Christian state '' should be elected by the Supreme Council , then approved by the public vote .   VSKhSON members stood for the abolition of Soviet totalitarianism and the resurrection of a `` healthy balance between the individual , society , and government '' , and the resurrection of the individual ( versus Soviet collectivism ) . As compared to other secret youth organizations of the 1960s -- early 1970s , the bylaws of VSKhSON had stated that every member of the organization `` is not only a propagandist and organizer , but a soldier '' . In many ways the organization can be compared to the emigre National Alliance of Russian Solidarists .   In February 1967 , having been reported by a traitor , the organization was uncovered by the KGB and designated as terrorist . Twenty one of the organization 's members were put on trial and received long terms of internment . Co-founder Igor Ogurtsov was sentenced to seven years of imprisonment , eight years of labor camps and five years of exile . After returning to Russia in 1992 from exile in Germany , Ogurtsov continued a life of political activism .   The founders of the organization , Igor Ogurtsov , Yevgeny Vagin , Mikhail Sado and Boris Averichkin , have never been rehabilitated . The Presidium of the Supreme Court of Russia has affirmed the validity of the guilty verdict and sentence of VSKhSON members on 20 November 1996 .

neg: Architectural forgery in Japan In Japan , structural engineers designing structures exceeding a certain floor area or number of storeys must submit drawings and calculations to the authorities , demonstrating that the building is safe ( e.g. earthquake-resistant , etc. ) `` Structural Calculation Forgery Problem '' ( 構造計算書偽造問題 , kōzō keisansho gizō mondai ) refers to a series of incidents , set off by the Ministry of Land , Infrastructure and Transport 's November 17 , 2005 , announcement that structural engineer Hidetsugu Aneha of Aneha Architectural Design Office in Chiba Prefecture had falsified earthquake design calculations . A number of Japanese construction and real estate companies have had to declare bankruptcy due to their involvement in the affair , including Kimura Construction and Huser . Note that Aneha is frequently referred to as an architect , as Japan has a unique licensing system where structural engineers designing buildings are registered as first-class architects .   It is suggested that one of the causes for the problem was that the ( privately owned ) oversight agencies responsible for confirming compliance to Japanese safety standards did not detect the forgery . Prior to 1999 , oversight was managed solely by regional governments , however , a change made to Japanese law that year allowed private organizations to conduct investigations as well . It was said that these private organizations , such as `` EHomes '' and `` Nihon ERI '' did not adequately function in their oversight roles , however , it was later revealed that government oversight agencies had also failed to detect some instances of forgery .   Of 14 hotels that had already been built under false pretenses when the problem first came to light , two of them were shown to fail Japan 's earthquake resistance standards . Because the concrete had insufficient reinforcing steel , there was a fear that an earthquake of magnitude 5 on the Japanese Shindo scale could cause the buildings to collapse . None of the buildings in question have yet collapsed , but the safety of high-rise buildings in earthquake-prone Japan has been called into question , particularly in the light of the 1995 Sampoong Department Store collapse in Korea .   Residents of the areas around the affected buildings live in a constant state of unease , not knowing if or when the buildings will collapse . Some hotels , unable to guarantee the safety of their customers , have ceased operations .   As the architect concerned in the matter has participated in the construction of a large number of buildings , the full extent of the problem is still unknown . In Japan , the incident was first publicized by bloggers .   Hidetsugu Aneha , Moriyoshi Kimura , Akira Shinozuka and Togo Fujita etc. were arrested on April 26 , 2006 , and Huser 's president Susumu Ojima was arrested on May 17 of the same year .