query: The Bourne Supremacy deals with the mating of animals.

pos: The Bourne Supremacy (film) The Bourne Supremacy is a 2004 American-German action spy thriller film starring Robert Ludlum 's Jason Bourne character . Though it takes the name of the second Bourne novel , its plot is entirely different . The film was directed by Paul Greengrass from a screenplay by Tony Gilroy . Universal Pictures released the film to theaters in the United States on July 23 , 2004 . It is the second in the Jason Bourne film series . It is preceded by The Bourne Identity ( 2002 ) and followed by The Bourne Ultimatum ( 2007 ) , The Bourne Legacy ( 2012 ) , and Jason Bourne ( 2016 ) .   The Bourne Supremacy continues the story of Jason Bourne , a former CIA assassin suffering from psychogenic amnesia . Bourne is portrayed by Matt Damon . The film focuses on his attempt to learn more of his past as he is once more enveloped in a conspiracy involving the CIA and Operation Treadstone . The film also stars Brian Cox as Ward Abbott , Joan Allen as Pamela Landy and Julia Stiles as Nicky Parsons .

neg: Breeding back Breeding back is a form of artificial selection by the deliberate selective breeding of domestic animals , in an attempt to achieve an animal breed with a phenotype that resembles a wildtype ancestor , usually one that is extinct . Breeding back is not to be confused with dedomestication .   It must be kept in mind that a breeding-back breed may be very similar to the extinct wild type in phenotype , ecological niche , and to some extent genetics , but the initial gene pool of that wild type is lost forever with its extinction . It is not truly possible for a breeding back attempt to actually recreate an extinct wild type that is the breeding target , as an extinct wild type can not be resurrected via selective breeding alone . Furthermore , even the outward authenticity of a bred-back type depends on the quality of the stock used as the foundation of the project . As a result , some breeds , like Heck cattle , are at best a vague look-alike of the extinct wildtype aurochs , according to the literature .

neg: Infanticide (zoology) In animals , infanticide involves the killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species , and is studied in zoology , specifically in the field of ethology . Ovicide is the analogous destruction of eggs . The practice has been observed in many other species throughout the animal kingdom , especially primates ( primate infanticide ) . These include microscopic rotifers , insects , fish , amphibians , birds and mammals . Infanticide can be practiced by both males and females .   Infanticide caused by sexual conflict has the general theme of the killer ( often male ) becoming the new sexual partner of the victim 's parent , which would otherwise be unavailable . This represents a gain in fitness by the killer , and a loss in fitness by the parents of the offspring killed . This is a type of evolutionary struggle between the two sexes , in which the victim sex may have counter-adaptations that reduce the success of this practice . It may also occur for other reasons , such as the struggle for food between females . In this case individuals may even kill closely related offspring .   Filial infanticide occurs when a parent kills its own offspring . This sometimes involves consumption of the young themselves , which is termed filial cannibalism . The behavior is widespread in fishes , and is seen in terrestrial animals as well . Human infanticide has been recorded in almost every culture . A unique aspect of human infanticide is sex-selective infanticide .

neg: Robert Bourne (politician) Robert Croft Bourne ( 15 July 1888 -- 7 August 1938 ) was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics , and a Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1924 to 1938 .   Bourne was born at Bodington , London the son Gilbert Charles Bourne who had rowed in the winning Oxford crews in the Boat Race of 1882 and 1883 . As a child , Bourne lost the sight of one eye in a game of rounders at school . He was educated at Eton College where he won the School Sculling in 1906 , and then at New College , Oxford . At Oxford , he stroked the winning Oxford boats in the Boat Race in 1909 , 1910 , 1911 and 1912 , being president in the last two years . He also won the University Sculls in 1910 and the University Fours in 1911 and went head of the river in 1911-12 . He was the strokeman of the New College eight which won the silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics . He was a member of the winning crew in the Stewards ' Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta in 1912 , 1913 and 1914 .   Bourne became a barrister . In the First World War , he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Herefordshire Regiment . He had one hand crippled and a lung seriously injured at Suvla Bay in the Dardanelles in August 1915 . As he had only one good eye moved from active service to the Claims Commission . In 1920 he became J.P. for Herefordshire and in 1921 a member of the city council .   Bourne was elected Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Oxford at a by-election in June 1924 , and served as a Deputy Speaker of the Commons from 1931 . He died in office in August 1938 aged 50 , suddenly dropping dead while walking on the moors near Strontian , Argyll . At the subsequent by-election the seat was held for the Conservatives by Quintin Hogg .   Bourne married Lady Hester Margaret Cairns , daughter of Wilfred Cairns , 4th Earl Cairns on 7 June 1917 . They lived at Fyfield Manor , Abingdon .

neg: Mobbing (animal behavior) Mobbing in animals is an antipredator adaptation in which individuals of prey species mob a predator by cooperatively attacking or harassing it , usually to protect their offspring . A simple definition of mobbing is an assemblage of individuals around a potentially dangerous predator . This is most frequently seen in birds , though it is also known to occur in many other animals such as the meerkat . While mobbing has evolved independently in many species , it only tends to be present in those whose young are frequently preyed upon . This behavior may complement cryptic adaptations in the offspring themselves , such as camouflage and hiding . Mobbing calls may be used to summon nearby individuals to cooperate in the attack .   Konrad Lorenz , in his book On Aggression ( 1966 ) , attributed mobbing among birds and animals to instincts rooted in the Darwinian struggle to survive . In his view , humans are subject to similar innate impulses but capable of bringing them under rational control ( see mobbing ) .

neg: Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic .   Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .

neg: Mating connection A mating connection is any method of assembling of two or more component parts with mutually complementing shapes that , with some imagination , resembles the way two animals , male and female , are physically connected during the act of mating . In such connections one of the two components acts as male and the other as female , although more complex relationships exist . Any electrical connector , bolted joint , and jigsaw puzzle is an example of assembling based on mating connection .

neg: Male pregnancy Male pregnancy is the incubation of one or more embryos or fetuses by male members of some species . In nearly all heterogamous animal species , offspring are ordinarily carried by the female until birth , but in fish of the Syngnathidae family ( pipefish , seahorses and the leafy seadragon ) , males perform this function . There are different ideas concerning whether a human male could become pregnant , and , by some definitions of gender identity , human men have become pregnant . Male humans incubating fetuses are also a recurring theme in speculative fiction .

neg: The Territorial Imperative The Territorial Imperative : A Personal Inquiry Into the Animal Origins of Property and Nations , usually referred to as The Territorial Imperative , is a 1966 nonfiction work by Robert Ardrey . It describes the evolutionarily determined instinct among humans toward territoriality and the implications of this territoriality in human meta-phenomena such as property ownership and nation building . The Territorial Imperative extended Ardrey 's groundbreaking anthropological work , contributed to the development of the science of ethology , and encouraged an increasing public interest in human origins .   The Territorial Imperative is the second book in Robert Ardrey 's Nature of Man Series . It is preceded by African Genesis and followed by The Social Contract , and The Hunting Hypothesis . It was illustrated by Ardrey 's wife , the South African actress and illustrator Berdine Ardrey ( née Grunewald ) . Ardrey dedicated The Territorial Imperative to Henry Eliot Howard , who was noted for being one of the first to describe in detail the territoriality behaviors in birds .

neg: Mating call A mating call is the auditory signal used by animals to attract mates . It can occur in males or females , but literature is abundantly favored toward researching mating calls in males . In addition , mating calls are often the subject of mate choice , in which the preferences of one gender for a certain type of mating call can drive sexual selection in a species . This can result in sympatric speciation of some animals , where two species diverge from each other while living in the same environment .   There are many different mechanisms to produce mating calls , which can be broadly categorized into vocalizations and mechanical calls . Vocalizations are considered as sounds produced by the larynx and are often seen in species of birds , mammals , amphibians , and insects . Mechanical calls refer to any other type of sound that the animal produces using unique body parts and/or tools for communication with potential mates . Examples include crickets that vibrate their wings , birds that flap their feathers , and frogs that use an air sac instead of lungs .

neg: The Mating Season The Mating Season may refer to :   Mating season , the seasonal period when a female animal 's estrous cycle is active , signaling animals to mate  The Mating Season ( novel ) , a Jeeves and Wooster novel by P. G. Wodehouse  The Mating Season ( film ) , a 1951 American comedy  The Mating Season ( 1966 film ) , a Hong Kong Shaw Brothers film  The Mating Season ( 1980 film ) , a TV comedy film starring Lucie Arnaz filmed at The Mountain Camp & Conference Center , Highlands , NC  The Mating Season ( play ) , a comedy by Sam Cree whose lead actor in a 1976 revival , Sid James , died on stage  `` The Mating Season '' , an episode of the American TV sitcom The Crew

neg: Allied (film) Allied is a 2016 romantic thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight . It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter and collaborator , who fall in love during a mission in Casablanca . Jared Harris , Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star .   Principal photography began in February 2016 in London . The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2016 by Paramount Pictures , receiving mixed reviews from critics , although Pitt and particularly Cotillard 's performances were praised , and grossed $ 119 million worldwide . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design .

neg: Australian Charbray The Australian Charbray is a beef breed of cattle that is the result of the blending of two breeds , the Charolais and the Brahman . The Australian Charbray is within the range of 75 % and 25 % Charolais and Brahman , either way . The hump of the Brahman is often almost non-existent , but the loose skin and enlarged dewlap are indications of the Bos indicus blood in this breed .   The Charbray is a large breed that is heavily muscled in the loin and quarters . They have been well accepted in those areas where cattle carrying at least some Brahman breeding are desired because of hot and humid conditions .   An Australian Charbray is cream to light red coloured . The calves are generally light tan when born but may lighten to a creamy white in a few weeks . The bull is structurally sound and has the ability to travel the distances required of bulls , even in hot humid environments . It has been selected for clean , tight sheaths , fertility and early testicular development . The Charbray female is also early maturing , reaching puberty at 14 -- 17 months and calving at or near two years of age with rapid rebreeding and good milk production .   The Australian Charbrays have performed very well in weight gain trials including Aus-Meat National Livestock Feedback Trials and in hoof and hook competitions .   Charbray calves show excellent performance in the feedlot . Their resistance to heat , humidity , parasites and diseases is to their benefit in southern feedlots . They grow rapidly and have outstanding feed converting ability . They reach slaughter weights at 12 to 15 months and produce lean , yield grade 1 and 2 carcasses that require little or no fat trimming .

neg: Sexual selection in birds Sexual selection in birds concerns how birds have evolved a variety of mating behaviors , with the peacock tail being perhaps the most famous example of sexual selection and the Fisherian runaway . Commonly occurring sexual dimorphisms such as size and color differences are energetically costly attributes that signal competitive breeding situations . Many types of avian sexual selection have been identified ; intersexual selection , also known as female choice ; and intrasexual competition , where individuals of the more abundant sex compete with each other for the privilege to mate . Sexually selected traits often evolve to become more pronounced in competitive breeding situations until the trait begins to limit the individual 's fitness . Conflicts between an individual fitness and signaling adaptations ensure that sexually selected ornaments such as plumage coloration and courtship behavior are `` honest '' traits . Signals must be costly to ensure that only good-quality individuals can present these exaggerated sexual ornaments and behaviors .   Bird species often demonstrate intersexual selection , perhaps because - due to their lightweight body structures - fights between males may be ineffective or impractical . Therefore , male birds commonly use the following methods to try to seduce the females :  Colour : Some species have ornate , diverse , and often colourful feathers .  Song : Male birdsong provides an important way of protecting territory ( intrasexual selection ) .  Nest construction : In some species , males build nests that females subject to rigorous inspection , choosing the male that makes the most attractive nest .  Dance : Males dance in front of females . Cranes provide a well-known example .   In some bird species , both the male and the female contribute a great deal to offspring-care . In these cases , the male and female will be continuously assessing each other based on sexual characteristics . In the blue-footed booby , the females tend to choose males with brighter blue feet , because birds with brighter feet are younger , and thus have greater fertility and ability to provide paternal care . When researchers put make-up on the males ' feet to make them look duller after the laying of the first eggs , their mates consequently laid smaller second eggs , which shows that female boobies continuously evaluate their mates ' reproductive value . Males also vary their behaviour based on the females ' foot colour . Males mated to females with brighter feet are more willing to incubate their eggs .

neg: First Kill (2017 film) First Kill is an upcoming American action thriller film directed by Steven C. Miller and written by Nick Gordon . The film stars Bruce Willis and Hayden Christensen .

neg: Aggregation (ethology) In ethology , an aggregation is any form of gathering of organisms and the process of coming together . In some forms groups of unrelated species might form , in which interaction between members of the aggregation might be minimal ; for example herds of grazing zebra and antelopes might combine , both the better to observe the approach of predators , and to improve the odds of escape in the event of attack by predators . Sometimes there might be some interaction , such as mixed flocks of birds that observe each other 's foraging behaviour in searching for food . Sometimes there might be quite orderly common action , such as the queuing up for a resource ; for example different species of fishes may aggregate around a cleaning station where cleaner wrasse and cleaner shrimp are active , more or less taking turns for attention . Such aggregations , where there is no particular association of species or sizes , may be referred to loosely as unstructured aggregations . Commonly they are very temporary and may be loose , with flocks or herds associating casually and separating equally casually within hours .   Structured aggregations tend to be longer-term and of a specific life-cycle function and context . Typically , though not necessarily , they will be of a single species . Often they will be of a single age and possibly of a single sex , such as shoals of fish fry that have specific ecological requirements that are not compatible with those of the mature species . One class of such aggregations comprises groups of adult , but immature `` bachelor '' males of elephants , seals , lions and other animals in which the mature herd will not tolerate males that would begin to compete with the dominant males . Another is when aposematic larvae of certain insects such as some Lepidoptera and Hemiptera form a flock that feed together and may migrate in `` processions '' until they are mature after which some kinds disperse . Most species of migrating birds and mammals flock on a large scale , partly for protection and partly for greater reliability of navigation . In some species of Hemiptera the adults remain with their aggregated immature offspring , sometimes in protective roles .   The range of functions is very wide in detail , but among the more important classes of function are security against predators , success in food location , wide range of mate choice , with concomitant increase of outbreeding opportunities , location with other members of the same species ( sometimes adherence to separate communities can almost amount to parapatric residence when say , different communities of rats or chimpanzees have violent mutual antipathy ) . There also are various forms of educational function , such as in some species where the young must learn the correct mate recognition skills , and in highly intelligent species such as crows and elephants , must learn the necessary social skills and the necessary traditional foraging techniques in their region .   Aggregation activities are not restricted to the animal kingdom ; for one example , a fundamental class of aggregations occurs in the various groups of slime molds , in which separate cells actually aggregate in the process of constructing their reproductive structure .   Category : Ethology

neg: Clasper In biology , a clasper is a male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals , used in mating .   Male cartilaginous fish have claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serve as intromittent organs used to channel semen into the female 's cloaca during mating . The act of mating in some fish including sharks usually includes one of the claspers raised to allow water into the siphon through a specific orifice . The clasper is then inserted into the cloaca , where it opens like an umbrella to anchor its position . The siphon then begins to contract expelling water and sperm . Male chimaeras have cephalic claspers ( tenacula ) on their heads , which are thought to aid in holding the female during mating .   In entomology , it is a structure in male insects that is used to hold the female during copulation ( see Lepidoptera genitalia for more ) .

neg: Bullshot (film) Bullshot is a 1983 film , based on the stage play Bullshot Crummond . The name comes from a parody of the 1929 film , on which it is loosely based , Bulldog Drummond .   Captain Hugh `` Bullshot '' Crummond ( Alan Shearman ) is a World War I fighter pilot , Olympic athlete , racing driver , and part-time sleuth . He must save the world from the dastardly Count Otto van Bruno ( Ronald E. House ) , his wartime adversary , and win the heart of the damsel in distress ( Diz White ) .   The film was produced by George Harrison 's company Handmade Films .   Alan Shearman would reprise his association with Handmade Films in their 1985 film Water .

neg: Sperm competition Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction . Competition can occur when females have multiple potential mating partners . Greater choice and variety of mates increases a female 's chance to produce more viable offspring . However , multiple mates for a female means an individual male has decreased chances of producing offspring .  Sperm competition is an evolutionary pressure on males , and has led to the development of adaptations to increase males ' chance of reproductive success . Sperm competition results in a sexual conflict of interest between males and females . Males have evolved several defensive tactics including : mate-guarding , mating plugs , and releasing toxic seminal substances to reduce female re-mating tendencies to cope with sperm competition . Offensive tactics of sperm competition involve direct interference by one male on the reproductive success of another male , for instance by physically removing another male 's sperm prior to mating with a female . For an example , see Gryllus bimaculatus .   Sperm competition is often compared to having tickets in a raffle ; a male has a better chance of winning ( i.e. fathering offspring ) the more tickets he has ( i.e. the more sperm he inseminates a female with ) . However , sperm are not free to produce , and as such males are predicted to produce sperm of a size and number that will maximize their success in sperm competition . By making many spermatozoa , males can buy more `` raffle tickets '' , and it is thought that selection for numerous sperm has contributed to the evolution of anisogamy with very small sperm ( because of the energy trade-off between sperm size and number ) . Alternatively , a male may evolve faster sperm to enable his sperm to reach and fertilize the female 's ovum first . Dozens of adaptations have been documented in males that help them succeed in sperm competition .

neg: Pecking order Pecking order or peck order is the colloquial term for the hierarchical system of social organisation . It was first described by Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe in 1921 under the German terms Hackordnung or Hackliste and introduced into English in 1927 .   The original use of pecking order referred to the expression of dominance in chickens . Dominance in chickens is asserted by various behaviours , including pecking , which was used by Schjelderup-Ebbe as a measure of dominance and leadership order . In his 1924 German-language article , he noted that `` defense and aggression in the hen is accomplished with the beak '' . This emphasis on pecking led many subsequent studies on fowl behaviour to use it as a primary observation , however , it has been noted that roosters tend to leap and use their claws in conflicts .   The term dominance hierarchy is often used for this type of social organisation in other animals .   Pecking order is a basic concept in social stratification and social hierarchy that has its counterparts in other animal species , including humans , although the term `` pecking order '' is often used synonymously .


query: Gift of the Night Fury stars the voice of an elderly actor.

pos: Craig Ferguson Craig Ferguson ( born 17 May 1962 ) is a Scottish-American television host , comedian , and actor . He is the host of both the syndicated game show Celebrity Name Game ( 2014 -- 2017 ) , for which he has won two Daytime Emmy Awards , and of Join or Die with Craig Ferguson ( 2016 -- ) on History . He was also the host of the CBS late-night talk show The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson ( 2005 -- 2014 ) .   After starting his career in Britain with music , comedy and theatre , Ferguson moved to the United States where he found success in the role of Nigel Wick on the ABC sitcom The Drew Carey Show ( 1996 -- 2004 ) . He has written and starred in three films , directing one of them , and has appeared in several others , including several voice-over roles for animations . Ferguson has also written two books : Between the Bridge and the River , a novel , and American on Purpose , a memoir . He was naturalised as a United States citizen in 2008 .

pos: Gift of the Night Fury Gift of the Night Fury is a 2011 computer-animated short film by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Tom Owens . It was released on November 15 , 2011 , on DVD and Blu-ray , along with another original animated short film Book of Dragons .   Based on How to Train Your Dragon , the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday . After all dragons inexplicably fly away , the last one of them unwittingly kidnaps Hiccup . The film stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , T.J. Miller , Kristen Wiig , and Christopher Mintz-Plasse .

neg: Earl Hammond Earl Hammond ( June 16 , 1921 -- May 1 , 2002 ) was an American theater , radio , film and television actor , and , in his later years , a voice actor for several animated films and TV series .

neg: Ryan O'Quinn Ryan O'Quinn ( born March 6 , 1972 ) is an American television , film and voice actor , author and comedian .

neg: Tim Rooney Timothy Hayes Yule ( January 4 , 1947 -- September 23 , 2006 ) , better known as Tim Rooney , was an American actor and voice actor . He was the second son of actor Mickey Rooney and suffered from a muscle disease known as dermatomyositis .

neg: Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .

neg: Paul Garner Paul Albert `` Mousie '' Garner ( July 31 , 1909 -- August 8 , 2004 ) was an American actor . Garner earned his nickname by assuming the role of a shy , simpering jokester . Garner was one of the last actors still doing shtick from vaudeville , and has been referred to as `` The Grand Old Man Of Vaudeville . ''

neg: Fury (TV series) Fury ( retitled Brave Stallion in syndicated reruns ) is an American western television series that aired on NBC from 1955 to 1960 . It stars Peter Graves as Jim Newton , who operates the Broken Wheel Ranch in California ; Bobby Diamond as Jim 's adopted son , Joey Clark Newton , and William Fawcett as ranch hand Pete Wilkey . Roger Mobley co-starred in the two final seasons as Homer `` Packy '' Lambert , a friend of Joey 's .   The frequent introduction to the show depicts the beloved stallion running inside the corral and approaching the camera as the announcer reads : `` FURY ! . . The story of a horse . . and a boy who loves him . '' Fury is the first American series produced originally by Television Programs of America and later by the British-based company ITC Entertainment .

neg: Peter Stormare Rolf Peter Ingvar Storm ( born 27 August 1953 ) , known professionally as Peter Stormare ( -LSB- ˈpeːtɛr ² stɔrːmarɛ -RSB- ) , is a Swedish actor , voice actor , theatre director , playwright , and musician . He played Gaear Grimsrud in the 1996 film Fargo , John Abruzzi in the Fox series Prison Break and Ingmar in Swedish Dicks .

neg: Rob Mungle Robert Louis Mungle ( born October 19 , 1967 in Houston , Texas ) is a voice actor for Funimation , ADV Films , Seraphim Digital/Sentai Filmworks , and OkraTron 5000 . He is also a stand-up comedian , having been known as The Reverend .

neg: The Gift (Star Trek: Voyager) __ NOTOC __  `` The Gift '' is the second episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Voyager , the 70th episode overall . Set in the 24th century , the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS Voyager after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant far from the rest of the Federation . The episode marks the last appearance of Kes until the season six episode , `` Fury . ''

neg: Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) .   In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s .   Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .

neg: Billy Dee Williams William December `` Billy Dee '' Williams Jr. ( born April 6 , 1937 ) is an American actor , artist , singer , and writer . He is best known for his role as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars film franchise , as well as acting in the movies Brian 's Song , Nighthawks , The Last Angry Man , Carter 's Army , and for playing Harvey Dent in Tim Burton 's Batman ( 1989 ) .

neg: Ultimate Nick Fury General Nicholas Joseph `` Nick '' Fury is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics ' Ultimate Marvel section as a different version of Nick Fury . He has a substantial presence in all the Ultimate Marvel comics , appearing first in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up and Ultimate X-Men and later reappearing regularly in Ultimate Spider-Man and finally securing a regular , recurring role as the general of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the leader of the Ultimates , a re-imagining of the Avengers . His character was redesigned to look like Samuel L. Jackson , the actor who later went on to portray Nick Fury in several Marvel movies and television shows set in the established Marvel Cinematic Universe .

neg: Erik Dellums Erik Todd Dellums ( born September 23 , 1964 ) is an American actor , voice actor , and narrator . He is perhaps best known for his voice roles as the radio DJ Three-Dog in the 2008 video game Fallout 3 and the main antagonist , Prince Arcann in the 2015 expansion to Star Wars : The Old Republic called ` Knights of the Fallen Empire ' , as well as a minor voice acting role as Dark Brotherhood member Nazir in The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim .

neg: Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era .   Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) .   Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death .   As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives .   This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .

neg: Mikey Kelley Michael `` Mikey '' Kelley ( November 14 , 1973 ) is an American voice actor .

neg: Reynaldo Rey Reynaldo Rey ( born Harry Reynolds ; January 27 , 1940 -- May 28 , 2015 ) was an American actor , comedian , and television personality .

neg: John Zacherle John Zacherle ( -LSB- ˈzækərliː -RSB- ; sometimes credited as John Zacherley ; September 26 , 1918 -- October 27 , 2016 ) was an American television host , radio personality , and voice actor . He was best known for his long career as a television horror host , often broadcasting horror movies in Philadelphia and New York City in the 1950s and 1960s . Best known for his character of `` Roland/Zacherley , '' he also did voice work for movies , and recorded the top ten novelty rock and roll song `` Dinner With Drac '' in 1958 . He also edited two collections of horror stories , Zacherley 's Vulture Stew and Zacherley 's Midnight Snacks .

neg: John Michael Higgins John Michael Higgins ( born February 12 , 1963 ) is an American actor and voice actor whose film credits include Christopher Guest 's mockumentaries , the role of David Letterman in HBO 's The Late Shift , and a starring role in the American version of Kath & Kim . He portrayed Peter Lovett in the TV Land original sitcom Happily Divorced , and provided the voice of Iknik Blackstone Varrick in The Legend of Korra . He currently stars in the NBC sitcom Great News as Chuck Pierce .

neg: James Remar William James Remar ( born December 31 , 1953 ) , is an American actor and voice actor . He played Richard , the on-off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall 's character in Sex and the City , Ajax in The Warriors ( 1979 ) , homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs . ( 1982 ) , gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club ( 1984 ) , Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat : Annihilation ( 1997 ) , Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries , Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street ( 1994 ) , and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter . Since 2009 , he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars .

neg: Trevor Devall Trevor Devall ' ( born November 10 , 1972 ) is a Canadian voice actor , actor and podcaster . He worked for Ocean Studios and various other studios in Vancouver , Canada for years , before he relocated to Los Angeles , California in 2013 . He is best known for voicing Rocket Raccoon in the animated TV series Guardians of the Galaxy , Pyro in X-Men Evolution , Dukey in seasons 5 and 6 of Johnny Test , and various characters in the Netflix original series F Is for Family , as well as providing voices in English-language versions of various anime series , most notably as Mu La Flaga from Mobile Suit Gundam SEED , Mukotsu from InuYasha , Scourge from Transformers : Cybertron , Mr. Chang from Black Lagoon , and Aizawa from Death Note . He also voiced Hermiod on Stargate Atlantis and Ravus Nox Fleuret in the Final Fantasy XV video game and Kingsglaive : Final Fantasy XV feature film . On camera , he played Sir Atticus Moon in Big Time Movie .   Between 2007 and 2013 , Trevor hosted his own podcast Voiceprint with Trevor Devall and guests '' where he interviewed fellow Canadian voice actors .


query: Motorola makes digital video recorders.

pos: Motorola Motorola ( -LSB- ˌmoʊtəˈroʊlə -RSB- ) was an American multinational telecommunications company founded on September 25 , 1928 , based in Schaumburg , Illinois . After having lost $ 4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009 , the company was divided into two independent public companies , Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4 , 2011 . Motorola Solutions is generally considered to be the direct successor to Motorola , as the reorganization was structured with Motorola Mobility being spun off . Motorola Mobility was acquired by Lenovo in 2014 .   Motorola designed and sold wireless network equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers . Motorola 's home and broadcast network products included set-top boxes , digital video recorders , and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting , computer telephony , and high-definition television . Its business and government customers consisted mainly of wireless voice and broadband systems ( used to build private networks ) , and public safety communications systems like Astro and Dimetra . These businesses ( except for set-top boxes and cable modems ) are now part of Motorola Solutions . Google sold Motorola Home ( the former General Instrument cable businesses ) to the Arris Group in December 2012 for US$ 2.35 billion .   Motorola 's wireless telephone handset division was a pioneer in cellular telephones . Also known as the Personal Communication Sector ( PCS ) prior to 2004 , it pioneered the `` mobile phone '' with DynaTAC , `` flip phone '' with the MicroTAC as well as the `` clam phone '' with the StarTAC in the mid-1990s . It had staged a resurgence by the mid-2000s with the RAZR , but lost market share in the second half of that decade . Later it focused on smartphones using Google 's open-source Android mobile operating system . The first phone to use the newest version of Google 's open source OS , Android 2.0 , was released on November 2 , 2009 as the Motorola Droid ( the GSM version launched a month later , in Europe , as the Motorola Milestone ) .   The handset division ( along with cable set-top boxes and cable modems ) was later spun off into the independent Motorola Mobility . On May 22 , 2012 , Google CEO Larry Page announced that Google had closed on its deal to acquire Motorola Mobility . On January 29 , 2014 , Page announced that pending closure of the deal , Motorola Mobility would be acquired by Chinese technology company Lenovo for US$ 2.91 billion ( subject to certain adjustments ) . On October 30 , 2014 , Lenovo finalized its purchase of Motorola Mobility from Google .

neg: Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras .   The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization .   The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor .   Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .

neg: Extended Data Services Extended Data Services ( now XDS , previously EDS ) , is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard CEA-608-E for the delivery of any ancillary data ( metadata ) to be sent with an analog television program , or any other NTSC video signal .   XDS is used by TV stations , TV networks , and TV program syndication distributors in the USA for several purposes .   Here are some of the most common uses of XDS :   The `` autoclock '' system delivers time data via an XDS `` Time-of-Day Packet '' for automatically setting the clock of newer TVs & VCRs sold in the USA . Most PBS stations provide this service .  Rudimentary program information which can be displayed on-screen , such as the name and remaining time of the program ,  Station identification ,  V-chip content ratings data .   XDS is also used by the American TV network ABC for their Network Alert System ( NAS ) . NAS is a one-way communication system used by ABC to inform and alert their local affiliate stations across the USA of information regarding ABC 's network programming ( such as program timings & changes , news special report information , etc. ) , using a special decoder manufactured for ABC by EEG Enterprises , a manufacturer of related equipment for the TV broadcast industry such as closed captioning and general-purpose XDS encoders . The CBS Television Network uses a similar method to transmit three separate internal messaging services to stations : one for programming departments , one for master control operations , and one for newsrooms .   Many standard definition receivers produced by Dish Network encode XDS data into their output signal . Data encoded includes time of day , program name , program description , program time remaining , channel identification , and content rating . This data is obtained from the satellite service 's EPG and replaces any data which may have been present when the signal was uplinked .   XDS uses the same line in the vertical blanking interval as closed captioning ( NTSC line 21 ) , and shares the available second video field bandwidth with the closed captioning channels CC3 and CC4 , and with the text channels TXT3 and TXT4 .

neg: Motorola MicroTAC The Motorola MicroTAC was a cellular phone first manufactured as an analog version in 1989 . GSM-compatible and TDMA/Dual-Mode versions were introduced in 1994 . The MicroTAC introduced an innovative new `` flip '' design , where the `` mouthpiece '' folded over the keypad , although the `` mouthpiece '' was actually located in the base of the phone , along with the ringer . This set the standard and became the model for modern flip phones today . Its predecessor was the much larger Motorola DynaTAC and it was succeeded by the Motorola StarTAC in 1996 . `` TAC '' was an abbreviation of Total Area Coverage in all three models .

neg: Proprietary DVR DVRs , or Digital Video Recorders , are devices which record video to a hard drive . The term Proprietary DVR refers to exclusive methodologies used to maintain commercial control over the DVR format and prevent third-party copying of a particular file . CCTV systems are used for the detection and recording of crime , but the analysts and law enforcement personnel who are required to obtain and process video recorded with proprietary DVRs may face problems using the proprietary format .  Most established manufacturers will provide tools for law enforcement agencies to play and copy footage from such systems .   The opposite of proprietary DVR is standard or PC-based DVR . ( Although , in fact , many proprietary DVR 's are PC-based devices . )   Currently there is no standard output for the security industry to follow . Because of this , analysts are forced to obtain a compatible `` player '' in order to view the video . Some proprietary DVRs are delivered to the end-user in an executable player which allows for navigation . Some require the installation of the player . Others simply require a codec to be available on the system that is playing , then it will become viewable in a common player such as Windows Media Player .   Some proprietary DVR systems offer more than one output format , such as the native format as well as a standard format such as AVI . Some also offer a composite video output PAL or NTSC . Some security companies are reluctant to offer anything other than their proprietary format . Reasons cited for maintaining control over the file by impeding conversion vary , but most companies will make `` tamper resistance '' a sellable feature , while disregarding the work required of an analyst or court in order to present the video .   Another selling point of proprietary DVR systems is compression . Video compression removes information in exchange for a smaller file size . Increasing compression leads to the ability to store longer periods on a disk , at the expense of sacrificing some of the detail in the images . This trade-off must be considered when attempting to balance image quality and recording time in a DVR . As storage drives become cheaper and larger , compression sacrifices are improving .   A problem inherent in proprietary DVR output is accuracy . There is a good chance that the video image as viewed has an incorrect aspect ratio and/or color information . Color may be off simply due to the calibration of the monitor being used , but often color information is not recorded accurately . It is not very common to white balance security cameras unless it is done at set up . Aspect ratios may also be recorded improperly and could actually be quite distorted . Aspect ratios on some players are sometimes user-adjustable by dragging the viewer in one direction or the other .   Contrary to attempts made by proprietary DVR developers , it is possible to change virtually any DVR image into another format , but it can not be done through digital conversion , such as changing an MPEG-2 to AVI . Instead it is done by intercepting the pixels sent by the proprietary DVR to the users monitor . There are a number of software available that will capture an area of a screen and generate an uncompressed file in a common format .   Gradually technology is improving and DVR systems are capable of having features that analog video could never provide . One feature is the ability to store metadata , such as point of sale information . Another feature may be for an event ( movement , panic button , door/drawer opening ) to trigger a system to record at a higher resolution . Perhaps the greatest feature is the ability to navigate directly to an area of interest .

neg: Rolling shutter Rolling shutter is a method of image capture in which a still picture ( in a still camera ) or each frame of a video ( in a video camera ) is captured not by taking a snapshot of the entire scene at single instant in time but rather by scanning across the scene rapidly , either vertically or horizontally . In other words , not all parts of the image of the scene are recorded at exactly the same instant . ( Though , during playback , the entire image of the scene is displayed at once , as if it represents a single instant in time . ) This produces predictable distortions of fast-moving objects or rapid flashes of light . This is in contrast with `` global shutter '' in which the entire frame is captured at the same instant .   The `` rolling shutter '' can be either mechanical or electronic . The advantage of this method is that the image sensor can continue to gather photons during the acquisition process , thus effectively increasing sensitivity . It is found on many digital still and video cameras using CMOS sensors . The effect is most noticeable when imaging extreme conditions of motion or the fast flashing of light . While some CMOS sensors use a global shutter , the majority found in the consumer market use a rolling shutter .   CCDs ( charge-coupled devices ) are alternatives to CMOS sensors , which are generally more sensitive and more expensive . CCD-based cameras often use global shutters , which take a snapshot representing a single instant in time and therefore do not suffer from the motion artifacts caused by rolling shutters .

neg: Western Digital Western Digital Corporation ( commonly referred to as Western Digital and often abbreviated as WDC or WD ) is an American computer data storage company and one of the largest computer hard disk drive manufacturers in the world , along with Seagate Technology .   Western Digital Corporation has a long history in the electronics industry as an integrated circuit maker and a storage products company . Western Digital was founded on April 23 , 1970 , by Alvin B. Phillips , a Motorola employee , as General Digital , initially ( and briefly ) a manufacturer of MOS test equipment . It rapidly became a speciality semiconductor maker , with start-up capital provided by several individual investors and industrial giant Emerson Electric . Around July 1971 , it adopted its current name and soon introduced its first product , the WD1402A UART .

neg: Tape recorder An audio tape recorder , tape deck or tape machine is an analog audio storage device that records and plays back sounds , including articulated voices , usually using magnetic tape , either wound on a reel or in a cassette , for storage . In its present-day form , it records a fluctuating signal by moving the tape across a tape head that polarizes the magnetic domains in the tape in proportion to the audio signal . Tape-recording devices include reel-to-reel tape deck and the cassette deck .   The use of magnetic tape for sound recording originated around 1930 . Magnetizable tape revolutionized both the radio broadcast and music recording industries . It gave artists and producers the power to record and re-record audio with minimal loss in quality as well as edit and rearrange recordings with ease . The alternative recording technologies of the era , transcription discs and wire recorders , could not provide anywhere near this level of quality and functionality . Since some early refinements improved the fidelity of the reproduced sound , magnetic tape has been the highest quality analog sound recording medium available . As of the first decade of the 21st century , analog magnetic tape has been largely replaced by digital recording technologies for consumer purposes , although some still record audio by analog .   Prior to the development of magnetic tape , magnetic wire recorders had successfully demonstrated the concept of magnetic recording , but they never offered audio quality comparable to the other recording and broadcast standards of the time . Some individuals and organizations developed innovative uses for magnetic wire recorders while others investigated variations of the technology . One particularly important variation was the application of an oxide powder to a long strip of paper . This German invention was the start of a long string of innovations that have led to present day magnetic tape recordings .

neg: Combo television unit A Combo television unit , or a TV/VCR combo , sometimes known as a televideo , is a television with either a VCR or a DVD player built into a single unit . These converged devices have the advantages ( compared to a separate TV and VCR ) of saving space and increasing portability . Such units entered the market during the mid-to-late 1980s when VCRs had become ubiquitous household devices . By this time , the VHS format had become standard ; thus the vast majority of TV/VCR combos are VHS-based .   Most combo units have RCA connecters on the front and/or back to connect a home video game console or a camcorder . Some units also have a headphone jack to watch media without disturbing others .   Though nearly all TV/VCR combination sets have monaural ( mono ) sound though with stereo soundtrack compatibility , there are a large number of TV/VCR combos with a stereo TV tuner , but a mono VCR ( some may even include a mono sound input alongside a composite video input . Some models from Panasonic also included an FM tuner . A major exception to this convention is TV/DVD combos , which can have a stereo VCR included in the unit ( i.e. a TV/VCR/DVD combo ) . One of the major drawbacks of a TV/DVD/VCR combo is that the integrated VCR can sometimes activate the CSS programming on the DVD player portion , making it impossible to watch DVDs on the unit .   Modern televisions tend to be mostly solid state machines , while VCRs require mechanical manipulation of VHS tape and require occasional servicing . For this reason , it is not uncommon for the VCR component to cease functioning or to become unreliable years before a similar fate befalls the television component . This leaves users with only `` half '' of the set in operation and a more expensive repair or replacement .   As late as 2006 , flat-panel TVs with integrated DVD players appeared on the market , and integrated TV/DVD sets started overtaking the TV/VCR market . This is due to both the low price and overwhelming availability of DVDs and more compact form factor , as opposed to the increasingly rare video cassettes and near-extinction of cathode ray tube displays in the consumer market .

neg: Motorola Devour The Motorola Devour is an Internet and multimedia enabled smartphone designed by Motorola , which runs Google 's Android operating system . In the United States , the handset is distributed exclusively by Verizon Wireless . The Devour has a Hearing Aid Compatibility ( HAC ) rating of M4/T4 . Although it runs Android , the Devour was not branded or marketed as part of Verizon 's `` DROID '' series of Android smartphones .

neg: Digital movie camera Digital movie cameras for digital cinematography are digital video cameras that capture digitally rather than the historically used movie camera , which shoots on film stock . Different digital movie cameras output a variety of different acquisition formats . Cameras designed for domestic use have also been used for some low-budget independent productions .   Since the beginning of the 2010s , digital movie cameras have become the dominant type of camera in the motion picture industry .

neg: Video Content Protection System The Video Content Protection System ( VCPS ) is a standard for digital rights management , intended to enforce protection or DVD+R / + RW content and related media .  It was designed to protect video recordings broadcast terrestrially with the broadcast flag used for  digital high-definition programming , but its use has been expanded to  cover programming obtained in other ways , such as via cable and satellite delivery . This standard is promoted by Philips and is included in latest Scsi MMC-6 specification .   The system makes use of three different classes of encryption key , one type stored on the media  in a `` Disc Key Block '' , one stored in player software , and one in any hardware device  that will be used to play ( and hence decrypt ) the media .

neg: Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' .   First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .

neg: Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers .   Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection .   In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate .   The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) .   One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk .   The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .

neg: VX (videocassette format) VX was a short-lived and unsuccessful consumer analog recording videocassette format developed by Matsushita and launched in 1975 in Japan . In the US it was sold using the Quasar brand and marketed under the name `` The Great Time Machine '' to exhibit its time-shifting capabilities , since VX machines had a companion electro-mechanical clock timer for timed recording of television programs . In Japan , the VX-100 model was launched in 1975 , with the VX-2000 following in 1976 . The first and only model sold in North America was the Quasar VR-1000 ( based on the Panasonic VX-2000 ) , with the VT-100 timer .

neg: Hidden camera A hidden camera or spy camera or security camera is a still or video camera used to record people without their knowledge . The camera is `` hidden '' because it is either not visible to the subject being filmed , or is disguised as another object . Hidden cameras can be built into commonly used objects such as television sets , smoke detectors , clock radios , motion detectors , ball caps , plants , and mobile phones . Hidden cameras may be used for household surveillance and may also be used commercially or industrially as security cameras . The proliferation and lower costs of video recording devices has led to an increase in the use of hidden cameras for legitimate surveillance need , as well as for entertainment and other purposes .   The use of hidden cameras raises personal privacy issues and there may be legal aspects to consider , depending on the jurisdiction in which use takes place . A hidden camera can be contrasted with CCTV , which is visible and which sometimes is accompanied with a warning notice of its presence .

neg: Retro (TV channel) For the US channel with a similar name , see Retro Television Network .   Retro was a Latin American cable television network with classic programming that included movies and popular classic TV Series . It was owned by Turner Broadcasting System Latin America , a unit of Time Warner . Its headquarters were located in Buenos Aires , Argentina .   On March 25 , 2009 Turner Broadcasting System announced the replacement of Retro by a Latin American version of the channel truTV , also owned by Turner Broadcasting System . Most of the programming from Retro is still being aired on TCM Classic Entertainment .   On April 1 , 2009 at 5:30 pm Buenos Aires time , the channel aired its last show , the Robotech episode `` Symphony of Light '' . Retro was replaced by truTV at 6pm .   In some countries of Latin America , some cable television companies opted to replace Retro with TCM Classic Entertainment instead of truTV .

neg: Media Foundation Media Foundation ( MF ) is a COM-based multimedia framework pipeline and infrastructure platform for digital media in Windows Vista , Windows 7 , Windows 8 , Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 . It is the intended replacement for Microsoft DirectShow , Windows Media SDK , DirectX Media Objects ( DMOs ) and all other so-called `` legacy '' multimedia APIs such as Audio Compression Manager ( ACM ) and Video for Windows ( VfW ) . The existing DirectShow technology is intended to be replaced by Media Foundation step-by-step , starting with a few features . For some time there will be a co-existence of Media Foundation and DirectShow . Media Foundation will not be available for previous Windows versions , including Windows XP .   The first release , present in Windows Vista , focuses on audio and video playback quality , high-definition content ( i.e. HDTV ) , content protection and a more unified approach for digital data access control for digital rights management ( DRM ) and its interoperability . It integrates DXVA 2.0 for offloading more of the video processing pipeline to hardware , for better performance . Videos are processed in the colorspace they were encoded in , and are handed off to the hardware , which composes the image in its native colorspace . This prevents intermediate colorspace conversions to improve performance . MF includes a new video renderer , called Enhanced Video Renderer ( EVR ) , which is the next iteration of VMR 7 and 9 . EVR has better support for playback timing and synchronization . It uses the Multimedia Class Scheduler Service ( MMCSS ) , a new service that prioritizes real time multimedia processing , to reserve the resources required for the playback , without any tearing or glitches .   The second release included in Windows 7 introduces expanded media format support and DXVA HD for acceleration of HD content if WDDM 1.1 drivers are used .

neg: Digital Compact Cassette The Digital Compact Cassette ( DCC ) is a magnetic tape sound recording format introduced by Philips and Matsushita in late 1992 and marketed as the successor to the standard analog Compact Cassette . It was also a direct competitor to Sony 's MiniDisc ( MD ) but neither format toppled the then ubiquitous analog cassette despite their technical superiority . Another competing format , the Digital Audio Tape ( DAT ) had by 1992 also failed to sell in large quantities ( although it was established in recording studios ) -- DCC was envisaged as a cheaper alternative to DAT . DCC shared a similar form factor to analog cassettes , and DCC recorders could play back either type of cassette . This backward compatibility allowed users to adopt digital recording without rendering their existing tape collections obsolete .

neg: Portable media player A portable media player ( PMP ) or digital audio player ( DAP ) is a portable consumer electronics device capable of storing and playing digital media such as audio , images , and video files . The data is typically stored on a CD , DVD , flash memory , microdrive , or hard drive . Most portable media players are equipped with a 3.5 mm headphone jack , which users can plug headphones into , or connect to a boombox or hifi system . In contrast , analog portable audio players play music from non-digital media that use analog signal storage , such as cassette tapes or vinyl records .   Often mobile digital audio players are marketed and sold as `` portable MP3 players '' , even if they also support other file formats and media types . Increasing sales of smartphones and tablet computers have led to a decline in sales of portable media players , leading to some devices being phased out , though flagship devices like the Apple iPod and Sony Walkman are still in production . Portable DVD players are still manufactured by brands across the world .   This article focuses on portable devices that have the main function of playing media .

neg: Yamaha MT-100 The Yamaha MT-100 Multitrack Cassette Recorder is an analog tool developed for recording artists in the late 1980s . It was marketed just before the advent of Digital Audio Tape .  In essence it allowed variable speed recording of 4 tracks of audio that could be mixed and merged and re-recorded onto standard cassette tape . It had its broadest applications with keyboard and guitar players .   The Yamaha MT-100 is useful to capture multi part ideas quickly and simply . Yamaha created the DX7 keyboard , RX 5 drum machine , RX 11 DRUM Machine and QX1 sequencer . A sequencer is a device that records MIDI Data digitally capturing musical arrangement code vs. capturing sounds on tape . This was a revelation at the time for people working with Samplers and Synthesizers that had multi-track music sequencer built in .   Direct line in recording from sequencers allowed for remarkably clean recordings with a usable dynamic audio range .   Introduction from Manual :   CONGRATULATIONS ! Your MT100 Multitrack Cassette Recorder is a fine creative tool that will help you work with sound in many ways . No other multitrack cassette recorder offfers the straight forward simplicity and ease-of-use of the MT1OO . Whether you need to record acoustic instruments or voice using microphones , electronic instruments and sources via direct line , or a creative blend of the two , the MT1OO makes the process of building up your own sound extraordinarily smooth and simple . You can simply record and remix four tracks , or use the multitrack `` ping-pong '' recording technique to individually record up to ten independent parts - adding sound layer by layer until you create exactly the arrangement and texture your imagination demands . The MT100 is just as easy to use alone or with a band . And , because it 's a YAMAHA , you know that the MT100 will give you the finest sound quality and overall performance available .   In order to make use of the MT 100 's many features and obtain maximum performance , we urge you to read this operation manual thoroughly - and keep it in a safe place for later reference .