query: Andy Warhol is an artist.

pos: Commercial art Commercial art is the art of creative services , referring to art created for commercial purposes , primarily advertising .  Commercial art traditionally includes designing books , advertisements of different products , signs , posters , and other displays to promote sale or acceptance of products , services , or ideas .

pos: Andy Warhol Andy Warhol ( -LSB- ˈwɔrhɒl -RSB- born Andrew Warhola ; August 6 , 1928 -- February 22 , 1987 ) was an American artist , director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art . His works explore the relationship between artistic expression , celebrity culture , and advertising that flourished by the 1960s , and span a variety of media , including painting , silkscreening , photography , film , and sculpture . Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell 's Soup Cans ( 1962 ) and Marilyn Diptych ( 1962 ) , the experimental film Chelsea Girls ( 1966 ) , and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable ( 1966 -- 67 ) .   Born and raised in Pittsburgh , Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator . After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s , he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist . His New York studio , The Factory , became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals , drag queens , playwrights , Bohemian street people , Hollywood celebrities , and wealthy patrons . He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars , and is credited with coining the widely used expression `` 15 minutes of fame . '' In the late 1960s , he managed and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founded Interview magazine . He authored numerous books , including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism : The Warhol Sixties . He is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement . After a gallbladder surgery in 1987 , Warhol died in February of that year at the age of 58 .   Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions , books , and feature and documentary films . The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh , which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives , is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist . Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable . The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$ 105 million for a 1963 canvas titled `` Silver Car Crash ( Double Disaster ) '' ; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold . A 2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the `` bellwether of the art market '' .

neg: Rosta poster ROSTA Posters ( also known as ROSTA Windows , Окна РОСТА ) were a propagandistic medium of communication used in the Soviet Union to communicate important messages and instill specific beliefs and ideology within the minds of the masses .   Propaganda posters were among the most significant tools for influencing public opinion in the Soviet Union .   The text that accompanied each poster was a clear and explicit message for the public , while the use of specific techniques ( photo manipulation , deformity , and amplification ) would indirectly and subconsciously transmit a message in favor of or against an opinion , a person or a political choice .   The Soviet Union gave rise to the `` Russian avant-garde '' modern art movement . Alongside the stirring socio-economic developments of the early twentieth century , artists seemed to reject the past and seek innovative forms of expression in various types of art . These posters are prime examples of art movements like Constructivism , Suprematism and , later , Socialist Realism , a fertile meeting place between art and ideology .

neg: Archives of American Art The Archives of American Art is the largest collection of primary resources documenting the history of the visual arts in the United States . More than 20 million items of original material are housed in the Archives ' research centers in Washington , D.C. and New York City .   As a research center within the Smithsonian Institution , the Archives houses materials related to a variety of American visual art and artists . All regions of the country and numerous eras and art movements are represented . Among the significant artists represented in its collection are Jackson Pollock , Lee Krasner , Marcel Breuer , Rockwell Kent , John Singer Sargent , Winslow Homer , John Trumbull , and Alexander Calder . In addition to the papers of artists , the Archives collects documentary material from art galleries , art dealers , and art collectors . It also houses a collection of over 2,000 art-related oral history interviews , and publishes a bi-yearly publication , the Archives of American Art Journal , which showcases collections within the Archives .

neg: Associated Artists of Pittsburgh Associated Artists of Pittsburgh ( AAP ) is the oldest , and largest nonprofit visual arts membership organization in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , United States .   It was founded in 1910 to create opportunities for local artists to display their work and to foster an appreciation of visual art .   Membership is open to any artist within a 150-mile radius of Pittsburgh and who is over 18 years of age . Admittance is based on the quality of the applicant 's work , as judged by the AAP Membership committee . Screenings are held twice yearly .   Past membership has included such well-known artists as Andy Warhol , Samuel Rosenberg , John Kane , Mary Cassatt , Philip Pearlstein , and Robert Qualters .

neg: Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern .   This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces .   Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany .   The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession .   Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . )   A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . )   These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .

neg: Conceptual art Conceptual art , sometimes simply called conceptualism , is art in which the concept ( s ) or idea ( s ) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic , technical , and material concerns . Some works of conceptual art , sometimes called installations , may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions . This method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt 's definition of Conceptual art , one of the first to appear in print :   Tony Godfrey , author of Conceptual Art ( Art & Ideas ) ( 1998 ) , asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art , a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal , early manifesto of conceptual art , `` Art after Philosophy '' ( 1969 ) . The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the influential art critic Clement Greenberg 's vision of Modern art during the 1950s . With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s , however , conceptual artists such as Joseph Kosuth , Lawrence Weiner and the English Art & Language group began a far more radical interrogation of art than was previously possible ( see below ) . One of the first and most important things they questioned was the common assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects .   Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s , in popular usage , particularly in the UK , `` conceptual art '' came to denote all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture . It could be said that one of the reasons why the term `` conceptual art '' has come to be associated with various contemporary practices far removed from its original aims and forms lies in the problem of defining the term itself . As the artist Mel Bochner suggested as early as 1970 , in explaining why he does not like the epithet `` conceptual '' , it is not always entirely clear what `` concept '' refers to , and it runs the risk of being confused with `` intention . '' Thus , in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as `` conceptual '' with an artist 's `` intention . ''

neg: Cuban art Cuban art is an exceptionally diverse cultural blend of African , South American , European and North American elements , reflecting the diverse demographic makeup of the island . Cuban artists embraced European modernism , and the early part of the 20th century saw a growth in Cuban vanguardist movements , which were characterized by the mixing of modern artistic genres . Some of the more celebrated 20th-century Cuban artists include Amelia Peláez ( 1896 -- 1968 ) , best known for a series of mural projects , and painter Wifredo Lam ( Dec 8,1902 -- September 11 , 1982 ) , who created a highly personal version of modern primitivism . The Cuban born painter Federico Beltran Masses ( 1885-1949 ) , was renowned as a colourist whose seductive portrayals of women sometimes made overt references to the tropical settings of his childhood .   Better known internationally is the work of photographer Alberto Korda , whose photographs following the early days of the Cuban Revolution included a picture of Che Guevara which was to become one of the most recognizable images of the 20th century .   There is a flourishing street art movement influenced by Latin American artists José Guadalupe Posada and the muralist Diego Rivera .   After the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , some artists felt it was in their best interests to leave Cuba and produce their art , while others stayed behind , either happy or merely content to be creating art in Cuba , which was sponsored by the government . Because it was state sponsored , an implied censorship occurred , since artists would n't want to make art that was against the revolutionary movement as that was the source of their funding . It was during the 1980s in which art began to reflect true uninfluenced expression . The `` rebirth '' of expression in Cuban art was greatly affected by the emergence of a new generation of Cuban , which did not remember the revolution directly .   In 1981 Cubans saw the introduction of `` Volumen Uno '' , a series of one man exhibitions featuring contemporary Cuban artists . Three years later , the introduction of the `` Havana Bienal '' assisted in the further progression of the liberation of art and free speech therein .

neg: Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term .   The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective .   Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .

neg: No Colour Bar No Colour Bar : Black British Art in Action 1960 -- 1990 is a major public art and archives exhibition , the first of its kind in the UK , held at the Guildhall Art Gallery , City of London , over a six-month period ( 10 July 2015 -- 24 January 2016 ) , with a future digital touring exhibition , and an associated programme of events . No Colour Bar took its impetus from the life work and archives of Jessica Huntley ( 23 February 1927 -- 13 October 2013 ) and Eric Huntley ( born 25 September 1929 ) , Guyanese-born campaigners , political activists and publishers , who founded the publishing company Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications and the associated Walter Rodney Bookshop .   Comprising contemporary fine art combined with archive materials , the multi-media exhibition features the work of seminal Black British artists and historically significant activists , and was described by Colin Prescod ( chair of the Institute of Race Relations ) as an `` exposition of startling and radical imaginative works , addressing grand British cultural and historical matters , and touching on themes of existential and social restlessness '' . Participants in the Caribbean Artists Movement , such as Winston Branch , Aubrey Williams , Ronald Moody and Errol Lloyd , are featured together with other prominent artists , including Eddie Chambers , Sonia Boyce , Sokari Douglas Camp , Denzil Forrester and Chila Kumari Burman , with works on display across all media : painting sculpture , painting , drawing , illustration , photography and film . In conjunction with the art and archives , panels and talks led by the exhibition curators , Makeda Coaston and Katty Pearce , and featuring individual artists , writers and publishers , including Eddie Chambers , Errol Lloyd , Denzil Forrester , Fowokan , Donald Hinds , Kadija George , Dorothea Smartt , Arif Ali , Sarah White , as well as Eric Huntley himself , were programmed .   Within the exhibition is a purpose-built interactive installation by Michael McMillan , in conjunction with sound and visual specialists Dubmorphology , that recreates the famed Walter Rodney Bookshop , which was formerly located in West Ealing , functioning as a cultural hub of the community until it closed at the beginning of the 1990s .

neg: Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians .   In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .

neg: Jean Frémon Jean Frémon , born in 1946 , is a French gallerist and writer . His written work spans and fuses genres , and contributes importantly to a trans-genre tendency in contemporary French letters . Working principally in the modes of ekphrasis , art criticism , literary commentary , narrative , and poetry , Frémon is perhaps unique in his fusion of late 20th century experimentalisms with the deeply rooted French tradition of belles lettres .   After taking a degree in law , Frémon joined the Galerie Maeght , well known for representing important early and mid-20th century artists such as Joan Míro , Marc Chagall , Henry Matisse , and Alexander Calder . After the death of its founder , Aimé Maeght , in 1981 , Frémon , along with Daniel Lelong and Jacques Dupin , founded the Galerie Lelong , which continued and extended the work of the Galerie Maeght in its same location at 13 rue de Téhéran in the 8th arrondisement in Paris .   The Galerie Lelong , of which Frémon is now the president , also has a branch in the Chelsea district of New York and participates in all the principal annual international art fairs including Art Basel , Art Basel Miami , and FIAC Paris . Artists shown by the gallery include Etel Adnan , Pierre Alechinsky , Francis Bacon , Louise Bourgeois , Nicola De Maria , Jan Dibbets , Andy Goldsworthy , David Hockney , Donald Judd , Konrad Klapheck , Jannis Kounellis , Wolfgang Laib , Nalini Malani , Ana Mendieta , David Nash , Jaume Plensa , Arnulf Rainer , Robert Ryman , Antonio Saura , Sean Scully , Richard Serra , Kiki Smith , Nancy Spero , Antoni Tapies , Barthélémy Toguo , and Juan Uslé .

neg: Tomasz Rut Tomasz Rut ( pronounced root ) was born in 1961 and raised in Warsaw , Poland , the son of an Olympic athlete father and artist mother who together encouraged a love of art and the classics . During his childhood Rut was introduced to the Pompeiien Frescos as well as Renaissance and Baroque art , which have influenced his oils on canvas , murals , and graphic works . Rut had his first showing in Warsaw at the age of eleven .   Trained in Art Conservation at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw , Rut continued his education in New York City at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and at Columbia University in Manhattan . He eventually took a job in art conservation for the Biltmore House in Asheville , North Carolina , traveling the east coast restoring large scale murals in museums and mansions for such clients as the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Treasury Department in Washington , DC , the New Jersey State House in Trenton , the Gusman Center for the Arts and Vizcaya Museum in Miami .   It was during these travels he began to notice the void of figurative paintings from the past that one could purchase , so Rut invented a style aimed at filling this void . This style incorporated cracked canvasses that mimic aged Italian frescoes and figurative oils . `` The one element evident in all of my paintings is the superficial patina or aging , '' which is created with a variety of transparent and semitransparent glazes , giving each work the aged and classic appearance that exemplifies Rut 's style .   Rut 's mural size paintings are contemporary conversions of the classical vocabulary variously continued by Michelangelo , Raphael , Titian , and Rubens . In making them he returns to antiquity by a double detour . First , he sets in motion the charming unreal apparatus of the Quattrocento mise-en-scene , and more importantly its heroic nudity , vigorous modeling , expressive anatomic structure , powerful movement and fascinating physiognomy . Tinged with sadness , his super-human youths play once more on Arcadian pipes ( i.e. pan flute ) - a motif also reprised by Matisse . Alternatively , he offers us impossible delicate , gracile females - ` still unravished bride ( s ) of quietness ' - delimiting them with sylvan togas and braided tresses . Nor does he leave rearing steeds , which in the grand manner represent humanity 's turbulent passions .   Dorothy Keane-White , Art Curator & Director for Northwood University .   The subjects of Rut 's paintings , whether a figure , horse , or object , is at the center of every work , surrounded by compressed space with few background details to distract from the subject .

neg: Art Nouveau furniture Furniture created in the Art Nouveau style was prominent from the late 19th century to the advent of the First World War . Unlike furniture made by the British Arts and Crafts movement , from which it emerged in stylistic respects , most Art Nouveau furniture was produced in factories by normal manufacturing techniques , which led to tensions with Arts and Crafts figures in England , who criticised continental Art Nouveau furniture for not being '' ` honestly ' constructed . It also tended to be expensive , as a fine finish , usually polished or varnished , was regarded as essential , and continental designs were usually very complex , with curving shapes that were expensive to make . It by no means entirely replaced other styles of furniture , which continued to be popular , with Art Nouveau styles largely restricted to an expensive `` art furniture '' category . The style was named for Siegfried Bing 's Maison de l'Art Nouveau gallery and shop in Paris , which opened in 1895 , and in France and Belgium furniture designers took up the style with more enthusiasm than those of most countries .   Several notable designers were architects who designed furniture for specific buildings they had also designed , a way of working inherited from the Arts and Crafts movement ; these include Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Antoni Gaudí , Hector Guimard and Victor Horta . Mackintosh 's furniture was relatively austere and geometrical , marked by elongated dimensions and right-angles . Continental designs were much more elaborate , often using curved shapes both in the basic shapes of the piece , and in applied decorative motifs . In many ways the old vocabulary and techniques of classic French 18th-century Rococo furniture were re-interpreted in a new style . Luxury veneers were used in the furniture of leading cabinetmakers Georges de Feure and others .   Alphonse Mucha produced a few designs , but was little involved with production . The École de Nancy ( School of Nancy in France ) , the Wiener Werkstätte in Vienna and the Deutscher Werkbund were groupings including many designers of Art Nouveau furniture . The Exposition Universelle de Paris in 1900 was an important showcase for designers , and the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna at Turin in 1902 heavily featured the work of furniture designer Carlo Bugatti of Milan .

neg: Drop Art In 1961 , filmmaker Gene Bernofsky and artist Clark Richert , art students from the University of Kansas , developed an art concept they called Drop Art or droppings . Informed by the `` happenings '' of Allan Kaprow and the impromptu performances a few years earlier of John Cage , Robert Rauschenberg and Buckminster Fuller at Black Mountain College , Drop Art began when Richert and Bernofsky started painting rocks and dropping them from a loft roof onto the sidewalk of Lawrence Kansas 's main drag -- watching the reactions of passersby . Early Drop Art included such pieces as Egg Drop and Pendulum ( pictured ) .   Drop Art eventually led to the creation of Drop City , an experimental artist 's community founded in 1965 near Trinidad , Colorado . The intention was to create a live-in work of Drop Art .

neg: Figure painting A figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the painting media with the primary subject being the human figure , whether clothed or nude .  Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such a work . The human figure has been one of the constant subjects of art since the first stone age cave paintings , and has been reinterpreted in various styles throughout history .

neg: Exploding Plastic Inevitable The Exploding Plastic Inevitable , sometimes simply called Plastic Inevitable or EPI , was a series of multimedia events organized by Andy Warhol between 1966 and 1967 , featuring musical performances by The Velvet Underground and Nico , screenings of Warhol 's films , and dancing and performances by regulars of Warhol 's Factory , especially Mary Woronov and Gerard Malanga . Andy Warhol 's Exploding Plastic Inevitable is also the title of an 18-minute film by Ronald Nameth with recordings from one week of performances of the shows which were filmed in Chicago , Illinois , in 1966 . In December 1966 Warhol included a one-off magazine called The Plastic Exploding Inevitable as part of the Aspen No. 3 package .

neg: All-over painting All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art , for instance a painting . This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called `` drip '' paintings of Jackson Pollock and the `` automatic writing '' or `` abstract calligraphy '' of Mark Tobey in the 1950s , though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that . `` All-over painting '' is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an `` art movement . '' Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the `` all-over '' painting style . Such a painting would fail to treat the top , for instance , differently from the bottom ; the left than the right . Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting . All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest , or any indication of which way is `` up . '' Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them .   Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel 's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen .

neg: Stanley Boxer Stanley Boxer ( 1926-May 8 , 2000 ) was an American artist best known for thickly painted abstract works of art . He was also an accomplished sculptor and printmaker .   Boxer was born in New York City , and began his formal education after World War II , when he left the Navy and studied at the Art Students League of New York . He drew , painted , made prints , and sculpted . His work was recognized by art critic Clement Greenberg , who categorized him as a color field painter , a designation which Boxer rejected . Art critic Grace Glueck wrote `` Never part of a movement or trend , though obviously steeped in the language of Modernism , the abstract painter Stanley Boxer was a superb manipulator of surfaces , intensely bonding texture and color . ''   Boxer offered an explanation of his philosophy and working process :   In 1953 Boxer had his first solo exhibition of paintings in New York City , and showed regularly thereafter until his death . His paintings and sculpture were represented in New York City during the late 1960s through 1974 by the Tibor de Nagy Gallery , then by the André Emmerich Gallery from 1975 until 1993 , and finally by Salander-O'Reilly Galleries until its demise in 2007 .   Richard Waller , director of the University of Richmond 's Harnett Museum of Art , describes his evolution as an artist :   One man museum exhibitions were held at the Rose Art Museum and the Butler Institute of American Art . His work is included in the permanent collections of numerous museums , including the Metropolitan Museum of Art , the Tate Gallery , the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York , the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington , and the Boston Museum of Fine Art .   Boxer received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1975 and a National Endowment for the Arts Visual Artists Fellowship Grant in 1989 . In 1993 he was elected as a full member to the National Academy of Design .   Boxer died May 8 , 2000 in Pittsfield , Massachusetts . He was 73 years old . According to Boxer 's wife of 49 years , the artist Joyce Weinstein , Boxer created more than 7,000 drawings , paintings , and sculptures , about 700 of which were part of his estate at the time of his death .

neg: Social practice (art) Social practice is an art medium that focuses on engagement through human interaction and social discourse . Since it is people and their relationships that form the medium of such works -- rather than a particular process of production -- social engagement is not only a part of a work 's organization , execution or continuation , but also an aesthetic in itself : of interaction and development . Socially engaged art aims to create social and/or political change through collaboration with individuals , communities , and institutions in the creation of participatory art . The discipline values the process of a work over any finished product or object .   Artists working in social practice co-create their work with a specific audience or propose critical interventions within existing social systems that inspire debate or catalyze social exchange . The large overlap between social practice and pedagogy demonstrates the need for art education to embrace collaborative practice . Social practice work focuses on the interaction between the audience , social systems , and the artist through aesthetics , ethics , collaboration , methodology , antagonism , media strategies , and social activism . The social interaction component inspires , drives , or , in some instances , completes the project . Although projects may incorporate traditional studio media , they are realized in a variety of visual or social forms ( depending on variable contexts and participant demographics ) such as performance , social activism , or mobilizing communities towards a common goal . The diversity of approaches pose specific challenges for documenting social practice work , as the aesthetic of human interaction changes rapidly and involves many people simultaneously . Consequently , images frequently fail to do justice to the engagement and interactions that take place during a project .

neg: The arts The arts is a general term for the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures . Major constituents of the arts include literature -- including poetry , novels and short stories , and epic poetry ; performing arts -- among them music , dance , and theatre ; culinary arts such as baking , chocolatiering , and winemaking ; media arts like photography and cinematography , and visual arts -- including drawing , painting , ceramics , and sculpting . Some art forms combine a visual element with performance ( e.g. film ) or artwork with the written word ( e.g. comics ) . From prehistoric cave paintings to modern day films , art serves as a vessel for storytelling and conveying humankind 's relationship with its environment .

neg: Winslow Wilson Arthur William Wilson ( July 20 , 1892 -- November 18 , 1974 ) was an American artist who painted under several known pseudonyms , including Winslow Wilson and Pico Miran . In Gloucester , Wilson/Miran has been considered an early actor in the Post Modern Art Movement . He is widely quoted from his Manifesto For Post-Modern Art , published in 1951 , under the name Pico Miran .   Wilson was born in Brady , Texas in 1892 , one of five sons of Horace and Stella Wilson . The family moved to Junction , Texas , and it was here that he graduated high school . He attended Texas A&M in 1910-1911 as a Chemical Engineering Major , but transferred to Harvard with the support of professors at Texas A&M . Wilson attended Harvard College between 1911-1915 , becoming an Editor of The Harvard Monthly with his friends John Dos Passos and E. E. Cummings . Wilson would go on to share an apartment at 21 East 15th Street in New York City with E.E. Cummings . He enlisted in the U.S. Military during 1917-1919 , joining John Dos Passos and E.E. Cummings and other Harvard students in France . He spent time in Paris with E.E. Cummings , and mingled with Salvador Dali , Pablo Picasso and other influential painters of the period in London and Paris in the 1920s . In fact , Wilson maintained lifelong friendships with many of the Harvard Aesthetes , including Cummings and Dos Passos . During his days at Harvard , Wilson was playfully known as `` Tex '' , a nickname that stayed with him for life .   Wilson was active in the New York , NY , Lime Rock , CT , Newport , RI , Gloucester , MA , and Rockport , MA art scenes between the 1930 's -- 1972 . Wilson painted post-modern artwork utilizing the name Pico Miran in his Gloucester , Massachusetts studio , taught portraiture at the Rockport Art Association in Rockport , Massachusetts under the name Winslow Wilson , and painted seascapes as Winslow Wilson in his Rockport , Massachusetts studio .   Wilson was strongly influenced by his time at Harvard and World War I . In addition to a tragic event in Boston which resulted in the death of one of Wilson 's friends in 1912 , there is evidence that Wilson encountered trauma during World War I. Art became a vehicle through which Wilson found solace . His Post-Modern artwork is replete with images of industrial and nuclear effects upon the common man , and those who knew him confirm that he was consumed with the concept of a nuclear holocaust . Growing up in rural Texas , to a life in Boston and New York , friendships with intellectuals , Wilson 's writings reveal a man who held his craft and opinions in high regard . Understanding that Wilson eschewed family relationships while fully immersing himself as a bit of an artistic recluse , provides an insight into the life of this artist .   Wilson painted seascapes in his Rockport , Massachusetts studio . His seascapes were exhibited at Vose Gallery in Boston . In a letter dated January 24 , 1991 , Robert C. Vose , Jr. , of Vose Gallery , confirmed that the gallery `` did give -LCB- Wilson -RCB- an exhibition in our galleries in Boston '' and stated `` We thought of -LCB- the paintings -RCB- of excellent quality , and much in the spirit of Frederick Waugh '' . Eleanor Roosevelt chaired a one-man art show held in New York City entitled `` Paintings of the Sea '' . On June 4 , 1951 , the First Lady , Eleanor Roosevelt `` blogged '' in her My Day report , that she had visited this exhibit , and she reported :   `` In certain ones the light made one think of tropical climates ; in others the shores of Maine seemed to stand out . More often the sky and the sea were stormy , but the light was nearly always breaking through . Let us hope that out of this turbulent period in history the light will break through for all human beings '' .   Under the pseudonym of Pico Miran painted in his Gloucester studio . Upon occasion , he would have a visitor , however the room in which he painted was never open . His post-modern art , or as he referred to it as `` super-realistic '' , is replete with political and religious tones , and is highly reflective of the nuclear and mechanical themes of the period .   Wilson was a member of the Rockport Art Association from 1946 through 1972 , and for many of those years he taught portraiture . His portraits have included local Gloucester residents and friends .   Following Wilson 's death in 1974 , his long-term companion , Jane Grey ( an accomplished portrait artist ) , gifted his paintings to his only son , Horace Peter Wilson . Those paintings remained stored in Kansas City until 2012 , at which time the paintings were distributed to Wilson 's grandchildren .   In 2014 , Dave Rich , a Gloucester native , stated in a correspondence with Peter Anastas :   `` ... would take an interest in the precocious postmodernism of Pico Miran . His value lies in his theorizing postmodernity , and making the first forays into postmodern visual art -- the seascapes were a virtuoso performance ; Winslow was no less a character than Pico or Tex. . In that sense he was a performance artist . A kind of Andy Kaufman who took personae and masks to the extreme . On this conceptual level , if explained as such , Wilson ought to be recovered ; and could be recovered by an astute and enterprising curator . ''   The paintings are in the process of being professionally restored and framed , and efforts are underway to showcase Wilson 's paintings . A website exists with the roots of a biography about the artist , currently being documented and researched by Claudia Wilson Howard in conjunction with interested parties across the United States .


query: Windsor, Ontario has a culture.

pos: Windsor, Ontario Windsor ( -LSB- ˈwɪnzər -RSB- ) is a city in Ontario and the southernmost city in Canada . It is located on the southern shore of the Detroit River , directly across the river from Detroit , Michigan . Windsor is a major contributor to Canada 's automotive industry and has a storied history and a diverse culture .   Windsor is among the best places to retire in Ontario , according to Comfort Life , a publication for seniors , partly because of the low cost of living . According to this source , the Globe and Mail also makes this recommendation .

neg: Politics of Ontario The Province of Ontario is governed by a unicameral legislature , the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , which operates in the Westminster system of government . The political party that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the government , and the party 's leader becomes premier of the province , i.e. , the head of the government .  Ontario 's primary political parties are the centre-left Ontario Liberal Party , the centre-right Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ( PC ) , and the social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party ( NDP ) . The Green Party of Ontario has seen its support grow over the years - to 8.1 % of the vote in 2007 - but has yet to win a seat in the Legislature .

neg: Windsor Park Collegiate, Winnipeg Windsor Park Collegiate ( WPC ) is a public secondary school in Winnipeg , Manitoba , within the Louis Riel School Division .

neg: National Register of Historic Places listings in Windsor, Connecticut __ NOTOC __   This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Windsor , Connecticut .   This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Windsor , Connecticut , United States . The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below , may be seen in various online maps .   There are more than 400 properties and districts listed on the National Register in Hartford County , including 21 National Historic Landmarks . The 41 properties and districts located in the town of Windsor include one National Historic Landmark and are listed below . The properties and districts in the remaining parts of the county are listed separately .

neg: Windsor Way (Vancouver) Windsor Way is a special community street that links four parks and three elementary schools as well as a bike path in East Vancouver , Canada , which was identified as a local Greenway in the Kensington-Cedar Cottage Visioning process . As there was no funding available to turn the many blocks of this street into a local Greenway , the local community worked with the City of  Vancouver planning department to implement a demonstration project called `` Blooming Boulevards '' . This demonstration project allowed residents to garden the frontages of their yards between the street and the sidewalk . This section of street contains the wires and ducts of the city , and this was the first time that gardening on these city owned frontages was allowed . The program was so successful that Blooming Boulevards are now city policy and boulevards are now gardened throughout the city .

neg: Windsor and Royal Borough Museum Windsor and Royal Borough Museum is a museum of the history of the town of Windsor , in the English county of Berkshire . It is accommodated within Windsor Guildhall a Grade 1 listed building .

neg: Culture in Toronto Toronto is the largest city of Canada and one of its most ethnically diverse ; many immigrant cultures have brought their traditions , languages and music . It is a city of many museums , theatres , festival events and sports activities .

neg: Metro Toronto Parks and Culture Metro Toronto Parks and Culture was a department within the former Regional Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto .   The department was responsible for maintaining major parks and cultural sites around Metro Toronto , Canada .   Parks - now under Toronto Parks and Recreation  Morningside Park  Glen Rouge Park and stables  Humber Bay Park  Colonel Samuel Smith Park  Sunnybrook Park and stables  Toronto Islands and the Toronto Island ferries  Bluffers Park  Colonel Danforth Park  Lower Don Parkland / Don Valley Brickworks  Marie Curtis Park   Culture  O'Keefe Centre - now the Sony Centre for the Performing Arts  Metro Toronto Zoo - now Toronto Zoo  Black Creek Pioneer Village  Toronto Heritage  Exhibition Place - park used by the Canadian National Exhibition or `` The Ex ''  Museums other than the Royal Ontario Museum , Bata Shoe Museum

neg: Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings .   The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . ''   Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy .   Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . ''   The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque .   Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories .   The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''

neg: Capitol Theatre (Windsor, Ontario) The Capitol Theatre is a historic theatre in Windsor , Ontario , Canada . Opened in 1920 as the Vaudeville Theatre by Marcus Loew at a cost of approximately $ 600,000 , and designed by Thomas White Lamb , it was the largest single floor theatre in Canada at the time , with 1,995 seats . In 1922 , it assumed its current name , as the Capitol Theatre .   The theatre was one of sixteen Canadian theatres Lamb designed , including Toronto 's Pantages ( now the Ed Mirvish Theatre ) , The Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres , and the Ottawa Capitol .

neg: Canadian Club of Toronto The Canadian Club of Toronto is a club in Toronto which meets several times a month to hear lunchtime speeches given by invited guests from the fields of politics , law , business , the arts , the media , and other prominent fields .   In the days before radio and television , the Club provided a chance for influential Torontonians to have contact with Canadian and international leaders in a variety of fields . Even today , the club manages to attract notable speakers . Some examples of speakers to address the club since the year 2000 include Paul Martin , Stephen Harper , Vladimir Putin , Paul Bremer , Bob Rae , Michael Dell , Jean Charest , John de Chastelain , Ted Rogers , Roy McMurtry , Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , Margaret Atwood , Karen Kain , Ralph Klein , David Frum , Pamela Wallin , John Manley , Beverley McLachlin , Dalton McGuinty , Belinda Stronach , David Dodge , Pinball Clemons , Gordon Campbell , Louise Arbour , Adrienne Clarkson , Donovan Bailey , Anne Mulcahy , and Jack Layton .   The Canadian Club has long had a role in Canadian life as an opinion-formation vehicle for some of Toronto 's most prominent citizens .   The Canadian Club of Toronto was founded in 1897 by a Hamilton journalist . Speeches were initially given in the evening , but starting in 1899 , the club moved to its present lunchtime format . In 1903 , several members of the Canadian Club , concerned that the club was not sufficiently opposed to the wave of anti-British sentiment being expressed in the wake of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal decision , left the Canadian Club to found the more pro-British Empire Club of Canada .   As of 2010 , the Canadian Club 's luncheons are normally held on Mondays in the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . As noted on their website : `` The Canadian Club is not-for-profit and holds no political or religious affiliations . There are currently forty Canadian Clubs in various cities around Canada . ''

neg: Black Nova Scotians Black Nova Scotians are Black Canadians whose ancestors fled the Colonial United States as slaves or freemen , and later settled in Nova Scotia , Canada during the 18th and early 19th centuries . As of the 2011 Census of Canada , 20,790 black people live in Nova Scotia , most in Halifax , though a large number of Black Nova Scotians have migrated to Toronto , Ontario since the 1950s . Before the immigration reforms of the 1960s , Black Nova Scotians formed 37 % of the total Black Canadian population .   The first black person in Nova Scotia arrived with the founding of Port Royal in 1605 . Black people were then brought as slaves to Nova Scotia during the founding of Louisbourg and Halifax . The first major migration of blacks to Nova Scotia happened during the American Revolution , where blacks were fleeing slavery in the United States . At the same time , educational opportunities began to develop with the establishment of Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts ( Bray Schools ) in Nova Scotia . The decline of slavery in Nova Scotia happened in large part by local judicial decisions in keeping with those by the British courts of the late 18th century . The next major migration of blacks happened during the War of 1812 , again blacks were escaping slavery in the United States . The opportunities for Black Nova Scotians began to open in the 19th century with the creation of institutions such as the Royal Acadian School and the Cornwallis Street Baptist Church . There were further developments in the 20th century with the establishment of the organizations such as Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Colored People , the Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission , the Black United Front and the Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia . In the 21st Century , there has been many initiatives in Nova Scotia to address past harms done to Black Nova Scotians such as the Africville Apology , the Viola Desmond Pardon and the restorative justice initiative for the Nova Scotia Home for Colored Children .

neg: First Church of Windsor The First Church in Windsor , Connecticut is the oldest Congregational church in Connecticut . Its origin can be traced back to 1630 , when 140 men and women sailed out of Plymouth , England on the Mary & John . This was the first of 17 ships in the so-called Winthrop Fleet , bound for the Massachusetts Bay Colony . When they heard from the Indians about the fertile land along the Connecticut River in what is now called the Connecticut River Valley , a small contingent of settlers travelled southwest and established the first settlement in Connecticut at Windsor in 1633 . Word soon spread that Windsor was a good place in which to settle : in 1635 , the congregation of the First Church departed from their homes in Dorchester , Massachusetts to relocate to Connecticut .

neg: Queen's Park (Toronto) Queen 's Park is an urban park in Downtown Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Opened in 1860 by Edward , Prince of Wales , it was named in honour of Queen Victoria . The park is the site of the Ontario Legislative Building , which houses the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , and the phrase `` Queen 's Park '' is regularly used as a metonym for the Government of Ontario .   The park is nearly an enclave of the University of Toronto , which occupies most of the surrounding lands . In 1854 , the land was leased by the University of Toronto to the City of Toronto for a 999-year term . In 1880 , a `` portion of the Queen 's Park -LSB- was -RSB- selected -LSB- and given to -RSB- the Government of Ontario , as a site for the erection of new Legislative and Departmental buildings '' . The land that is occupied by Legislative Assembly of Ontario is owned by the Government of Ontario . The north park is owned by the University of Toronto and leased to the city . Ministry buildings of the Ontario government occupy other properties to the east of the park , in an area between Wellesley Street and Grosvenor Street . While not adjacent to the park , the Royal Ontario Museum and the Gardiner Museum are located nearby .

neg: Culture of New England The culture of New England comprises a shared heritage and culture primarily shaped by its indigenous peoples , early English colonists , and waves of immigration from Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas . In contrast to other American regions , many of New England 's earliest Puritan settlers came from eastern England , contributing to New England 's distinctive accents , foods , customs , and social structures .

neg: Talbot Trail Public School Talbot Trail Public School is a public elementary school in Windsor , Ontario . Built in 2005 to ease overcrowding at neighbouring elementary schools , Talbot Trail is known for being the first of several planned `` themed '' schools to be built in Ontario , and the school 's theme of exploration led it to be honoured as one of the Top 25 Schools in Canada by a 2007 edition of Today 's Parent magazine .

neg: Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture .   British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital .   The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine .   The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .

neg: Ojibway Prairie Complex The Ojibway Prairie Complex is a 350-hectare complex of parks and nature reserves on the west side of Windsor , Ontario , Canada . It comprises Ojibway Park , Tallgrass Prairie Heritage Park , Black Oak Heritage Park , Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve , and the Spring Garden Natural Area .   The complex should not be confused with Ojibway Provincial Park , some 1100 km away in northwestern Ontario .   The Ojibway Prairie Complex includes the Ojibway Nature Centre , which administers the Ojibway Park Tallgrass , and Black Oak Heritage Park , and also offers free exhibits , public education , and summer programmes for children .   Habitats at the Ojibway Prairie Complex include forests , ponds , and prairie . Ojibway is home to a wide variety of wildlife , including many species of turtles , lizards , snakes , toads , frogs , salamanders , opossums , shrews , and bats . A great variety of birds can also be seen . The complex is popular with a wide variety of visitors , particularly birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts .

neg: Windsor School, Chile Windsor School is a private cooperative school founded in 1959 , in Valdivia , Chile . Once bilingual , the school however promotes the study of English language with international exchange programs and an English laboratory . The Windsor School has also football , basketball , hockey , volleyball and rugby teams , and participates in the ELSA games arranged by Southern Chile 's English schools .

neg: CBE-FM CBE-FM is the callsign of the CBC Radio 2 station in Windsor , Ontario , Canada .   The station broadcasts at 89.9 FM , and was launched in 1978 . It is not rebroadcast on any other transmitters .

neg: Westfest Westfest is a free arts festival in Ottawa , Ontario , formerly taking place in Westboro Village during the second weekend of June , but now taking place in the Laroche Park , in the Mechanicsville area of Ottawa , the first weekend in June . The festival brings in over 300 artists , 150 volunteers and 40 staff over the weekend and features only Canadian talent . Westfest has been dedicated to bringing into the spotlight up and coming Canadian talent , while also featuring some of the best known names in the scene . The festival was founded in 2003 by Elaina Martin .  The range of artistic disciplines includes music , contemporary dance , visual art , media art , performance art , spoken word , poetry and fiction readings , Aboriginal art forms , and children 's entertainment .   The lineup for the Westfest 2016 has been announced and is aptly titled `` Homemade Jam . ''


query: Antonio Vivaldi was from Italy.

pos: Antonio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi ( -LSB- anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi -RSB- ; 4 March 1678 -- 28 July 1741 ) was an Italian Baroque composer , virtuoso violinist , teacher and cleric . Born in Venice , he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers , and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe . He composed many instrumental concertos , for the violin and a variety of other instruments , as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas . His best-known work is a series of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons .   Many of his compositions were written for the female music ensemble of the Ospedale della Pietà , a home for abandoned children where Vivaldi ( who had been ordained as a Catholic priest ) was employed from 1703 to 1715 and from 1723 to 1740 . Vivaldi also had some success with expensive stagings of his operas in Venice , Mantua and Vienna . After meeting the Emperor Charles VI , Vivaldi moved to Vienna , hoping for preferment . However , the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi 's arrival , and Vivaldi himself died less than a year later in poverty .

neg: Antonio Demo Father Antonio Demo ( S. Lazzaro at Bassano del Grappa , Italy , April 23 , 1870 - New York City , January 2 , 1936 ) was a New York City Italian American priest and civic activist .   He studied at seminaries in Italy and entered the Scalabrini Order in 1894 . Ordained a priest on July 20 , 1896 , the same year he emigrated to the United States . He initially did missionary work for two years in the parish of S. Heart in Boston , which served a congregation of Italian immigrants mostly from Genoa . On July 19 , 1899 he was assigned as assistant pastor of Our Lady of Pompei Church , established in 1892 by Father Pietro Bandini in New York City 's Greenwich Village on Bleecker and Carmine Streets . In 1900 he was appointed pastor of the church , which served what was then one of largest Italian-American communities in America .   Father Demo exercised his apostolate among the Italian immigrants , serving until 1923 also as the director of the St. Raphael Society for the Protection of Italian Immigrants , an organization that had been specifically formed in 1891 by Bandini to assist newly arrived immigrants and that he helped to strengthen . His spiritual care and leadership were put to test on March 25 , 1911 when he had to respond to the tragic Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire , which claimed the lives of 146 female employees . Because of his many merits in the care of the Italian community he was decorated with the `` Cross of Knight of the Crown of Italy '' .   In 1923 Father Demo learned that the church would have to be demolished to allow extension of the Sixth Avenue . Father Demo organized a campaign to buy a nearby property and with the help of a leading Italian American architect , Matthew Del Gaudio , build a new church , and rectory . The new church could already be available for the congregation in May 1927 . In late Summer 1931 the parochial school also was opened .   In 1935 Father Demo became Pompei 's pastor emeritus and superintendent of its parochial school . He died in 1936 in New York , and thousands of parishioners and friends , including Mayor Fiorello La Guardia , paid their respects .   In 1941 , the intersection of Bleecker Street and Sixth Avenue was named Father Demo Square . In 2009 , after a renovation , Father Demo Square was honored with a Village Award by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation .

neg: Motezuma Motezuma is an opera in three acts by Antonio Vivaldi with an Italian libretto by Alvise Giusti . The libretto is very loosely based on the life of the Aztec ruler Montezuma who died in 1520 . The first performance was given in the Teatro Sant ` Angelo in Venice on 14 November 1733 . ( In earlier reference books the opera is referred to as Montezuma , but since the reappearance of the original manuscript this has been corrected to Motezuma . ) The music was thought to have been lost , but was discovered in 2002 in the archive of the music library of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin . Its first fully staged performance in modern times took place in Düsseldorf , Germany , on 21 September 2005 .

neg: History of Venice Venice is a city in Italy . It was also an independent republic from the 8th century to 1797 .   For the history of the city , see History of the city of Venice .  For the Republic , see History of the Republic of Venice .

neg: Viggiano Viggiano is a town and comune in the province of Potenza , in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata . It is bounded by the comuni of Calvello , Corleto Perticara , Grumento Nova , Laurenzana , Marsicovetere , Montemurro .   Viggiano is known to be land of migrant street musicians who brought their music in Italy and worldwide through the centuries , as well as renowned for the construction of the harps . Many viggianesi had the opportunity to play in many symphonic orchestras in Europe , United States and Australia . The street musicians from Viggiano are cited as an influence on Hector Malot 's Sans Famille .   Today Viggiano is known to be home to Europe 's biggest oil field that makes Italy the third-largest oil producer of the continent , behind Norway and United Kingdom .   The comune hosts the International Flute Competition `` Leonardo De Lorenzo '' , some the jury members over the years include Jean-Pierre Rampal , Julius Baker , Jindřich Feld , Susan Milan , Carol Wincenc and Ransom Wilson .

neg: Fabio Lombardi Fabio Lombardi ( born in 1961 ) is an Italian ethnomusicologist and organologist who studied , at the Bologna University , with Roberto Leydi , Tullia Magrini and the organologist Febo Guizzi .  Born in Meldola , Romagna , in the 1980s he made an ethnic musical field research in Emilia-Romagna , near Forlì and along the Bidente valley ( Meldola , Cusercoli , Bertinoro , Predappio , Forlimpopoli , Civitella , Galeata , Santa Sofia , Bagno di Romagna ) which has contributed to a better knowledge of Italian ethnic music ( music of Italy ) , particularly regarding musical instruments : he discovered some unknown ethnic instruments ( ethnic instrument ) both in Italy and Europe .  For example , see : a type of mirliton improperly named `` Ocarina '' kazoo .  Other Lombardi 's works are on the local history of Meldola , Riccione , Forlì and other topics .

neg: Battle of Castelfidardo The Battle of Castelfidardo was a battle of the Expedition of the Thousand that took place on 18 September 1860 , at Castelfidardo , a small town in the Marche region of Italy .  It was fought between the Sardinian army - acting as the driving force in the war for Italian unification , against the Papal States .   On 7 September , Cavour , Prime Minister of Piedmont , sent an ultimatum to the Pope demanding that he dismiss his foreign troops . When he failed to do this , 35,000 troops crossed the border on 11 September , with General Cialdini advancing along the Adriatic coast and General Della Rocca leading another troop across Umbria . The Papal troops were caught by surprise and thrown into confusion . Some of the Papal troops surrendered the same day and some retreated to Ancona which fell on 29 September 1860 after a short siege .   As a result of this battle , the Marches and Umbria entered in the Kingdom of Italy and the extent of the Papal States was reduced to the area of what is today known as Lazio .   The battle is remembered for being bloody , and for the highly disparate numbers of troops - less than 10,000 papal soldiers to 39,000 Sardinians . The papal army was composed of volunteers from many different European countries , amongst whom the French and Belgian nationals constituted a Franco-Belgian battalion . Among the French volunteers were a notable number of nobles from western France : after the battle , whilst consulting the list of dead and wounded members of the papal army , the Sardinian general Cialdini is reported to have said , in an example of rather black humor , `` you would think this was a list of invites for a ball given by Louis XIV ! ''

neg: Building Little Italy Building Little Italy : Philadelphia 's Italians before Mass Migration is a 1998 nonfiction book by Richard N. Juliani , published by Penn State University Press . The book discusses Italian immigration to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania from its beginnings in the 1750s through the 1870s . The book discusses the individual Italian Americans and the social issues the early Italian American community faced .   John Zucchi of McGill University wrote that Building Little Italy was against the practice of being filiopietistic , or members of an ethnic group emphasizing `` the presence of their `` tribe '' in a particular locale from the early history of a European presence in that locus '' in order `` to bolster the community or to respond to a perceived self-disesteem of their ethnic group '' . Stefano Luconi of the University of Florence wrote that this book differed from a trend of most research of Italian Americans being `` a hagiographic defense of Italian immigrants ' contributions to the cultural , political , and economic development of American society to counter negative stereotypes of Italians as foreigners incapable of assimilation into their adoptive country . ''

neg: Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici The S.A.D.O. ( Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici , Anonymous Society of Organic Deconstructionisms ) band took shape in 1994 in Italy , from the Arcansiel group ( Gianni Opezzo , Paolo Baltaro and Sandro Marinoni ) , with Diego Marzi on percussion . In the same year , they recorded the songs that would be included in Implosioni , their first album . One year later , in 1995 , they recorded Teratoarchetipia , followed by La Differanza in 2002 . In the meantime , the group went on tour in Italy and Europe . In 2007 , with Boris Savoldelli on vocals , Luigi Ranghino on piano , and Andrea Beccaro on drums joining in , they recorded Holzwege ( published by AMS ) and carried out a live sound deconstruction in seven movements based on the seven propositions from the `` Tractatus Logico Philosophicus '' by Ludwig Wittgenstein . In 2008 , they brought on stage `` Un Imprescindibile Momento di Cultura Italiana '' ( An Indispensable Moment of Italian Culture ) , a show based on deconstructing classical songs from the 20th-century Italian pop music repertoire . From the original shooting of the show , taking place at `` Le Pétit Theatre des Officine Sonore '' in Vercelli , they later drew the homonymous discographic release .   Each concert is conceived as a single pièce , with a strong presence of the extemporaneous component , combined with rigorous and elaborate written parts . The S.A.D.O. have attended several musical and cultural events , the last one being the `` Musica e Letteratura '' meeting , organized by the Faculty of Philosophy of the Università del Piemonte Orientale ( Italy ) . Most noteworthily , in 2008 they were awarded as winners of the twelfth edition of the `` Omaggio Demetrio Stratos '' and the `` Premio Darwin musiche italiane non convenzionali '' . In 2010 , the fashion designer Rui Leonardes used their song `` Aristotele 's Tantalium Condenser '' ( from the Holzwege album ) as the soundtrack for his 2010 collection show during the London Fashion Week ( The Bathhouse ) in London . In 2011 they were awarded as winners of the 2010 edition of the Prog Award as BEST 2010 PRODUCTION for Weather Underground . The song CHAOS part 1 is the soundtrack of `` Ciao Dott . Charcot '' by Anita Pantin , presented at Latino Videoart Festival of New York 2011

neg: The Four Seasons (Vivaldi) The Four Seasons ( Le quattro stagioni ) is a group of four violin concerti by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi , each of which gives a musical expression to a season of the year . They were written around 1721 and were published in 1725 in Amsterdam , together with eight additional violin concerti , as Il cimento dell ` armonia e dell ` inventione ( `` The Contest Between Harmony and Invention '' ) .   The Four Seasons is the best known of Vivaldi 's works . Unusually for the time , Vivaldi published the concerti with accompanying poems ( possibly written by Vivaldi himself ) that elucidated what it was about those seasons that his music was intended to evoke . It provides one of the earliest and most-detailed examples of what was later called program music -- music with a narrative element .   Vivaldi took great pains to relate his music to the texts of the poems , translating the poetic lines themselves directly into the music on the page . In the middle section of the Spring concerto , where the goatherd sleeps , his barking dog can be marked in the viola section . Other natural occurrences are similarly evoked . Vivaldi separated each concerto into three movements , fast-slow-fast , and likewise each linked sonnet into three sections .

neg: Antonio Vivarini Antonio Vivarini ( Antonio of Murano ) ( active ca. 1440 -- 1480 ) was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance-late Gothic period , who worked mostly in the Republic of Venice . He is probably the earliest of a family of painters , which was descended from a family of glassworkers active in Murano . The painting dynasty included his younger brother Bartolomeo and Antonio 's son Alvise Vivarini .

neg: Uto Ughi Diodato `` Uto '' Ughi , Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( -LSB- ` uto ` uːɡi -RSB- ; born 21 January 1944 in Busto Arsizio , Italy ) is an Italian violinist and conductor . He was the music director of l'Orchestra dell ` Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia from 1987 -- 1992 . He is considered one of Italy 's greatest living violinists and is also active in the promotion of classical music in today 's culture .   When he was young he started to play the violin , at only `` 5 or 6 years '' he said , and he made his debut at 7 years old , at the Teatro Lirico di Milano . At 12 years he was considered a mature artist .   He involves himself in many activities to promote music culture . He is the founder of several music festivals , namely `` Omaggio a Venezia '' , `` Omaggio a Roma '' ( 1999 -- 2002 ) and `` Uto Ughi per Roma . '' In tandem with Bruno Tosi , Uto Ughi instituted the musical prize `` Una vita per la Musica '' ( `` A life for Music '' ) .   On September 4 , 1997 he was commissioned Cavaliere della Gran Croce by the Italian President and in 2002 he received a degree honoris causa in Communication studies . He has won various awards , the most prestigious `` Una vita per la musica - Leonard Bernstein '' ( 23/6/1997 ) , `` Galileo 2000 '' prize ( 5/7/2003 ) and the international prize `` Ostia Mare '' ( 8/8/2003 ) .   Ughi has possessed the following fine instruments : the Van Houten-Kreutzer ( 1701 ) and Sinsheimer-General Kyd-Perlman ( 1714 ) by Antonio Stradivari ; and the Kortschak-Wurlitzer ( 1739 ) , Ole Bull ( 1744 ) and Cariplo-Hennel-Rosé ( 1744 ) by Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù .   He received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation in 2015 .

neg: Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . ''   A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) .   The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School .   In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) .   The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .

neg: Neoavanguardia The neoavanguardia ( `` New Vanguard '' ) was an avant-garde Italian literary movement , characterized by a strong push towards formal experimentation in language . Authors involved include Nanni Balestrini , Edoardo Sanguineti , Umberto Eco , Antonio Porta , Elio Pagliarani , Alfredo Giuliani , Giorgio Manganelli , Luigi Malerba , Germano Lombardi , Francesco Leonetti , Alberto Gozzi , Massimo Ferretti , Franco Lucentini , Amelia Rosselli , Sebastiano Vassalli and Lello Voce among others .   Neoavanguardia poets , inspired by modernist English language writers such as Ezra Pound and TS Eliot and the Italian poet Emilio Villa , were opposed to the crepuscolarismo ( intimistic view ) which had characterized Italian poetry in the 20th century , and , above all , to what they defined as ` neo-capitalistic ' language . The result was quasi-parodistic language that often led to meaningless verses ( non-significanza ) and the so-called `` art as a plaything in itself . ''   The movement originated as the Gruppo ' 63 , which was founded in a hotel at Solunto , near Palermo , mostly by writers who had collaborated with the Il Verri literary magazine . The conference included a theatre spectacle on works by Balestrini and Sanguineti among others . The appearance of the movement spurred fierce polemics in the Italian literary world : they were accused of being `` irrational formalists '' , `` dangerous Marxist revolutionaries '' , `` late Futurists '' or the creators of a `` renewed Arcadia '' .

neg: Aus Italien Aus Italien ( From Italy ) , Op. 16 , is a tone poem for full orchestra composed by Richard Strauss in 1886 when he was 22 years old . It was inspired by the composer 's visit to Italy ( encouraged by Johannes Brahms ) in the summer of the same year , where he travelled to Rome , Bologna , Naples , Sorrento , Salerno , and Capri . He began to sketch the work while still on the journey .   The full score of the work , Strauss 's first tone poem , was completed in Munich on September 12 , 1886 . The work is named by the composer as `` Symphonic Fantasy '' , and is dedicated to his mentor Hans von Bülow . It is the only work by Richard Strauss for which he himself wrote a specific program . The entire work takes over forty minutes to perform .   Strauss incorporated the tune of `` Funiculì , Funiculà '' into the symphony 's fourth part `` Scenes from Neapolitan Life '' , thinking it was a traditional Italian folk song , when it was in fact a piece written by Luigi Denza in 1880 . Denza filed a lawsuit against Strauss and eventually won .

neg: Seicento The Seicento -LSB- ˌsɛiˈtʃɛnto -RSB- is Italian history and culture during the 17th century . The seicento saw the end of the Renaissance movement in Italy and the beginning of the Counter-Reformation and the Baroque era . The word seicento means `` six hundred '' ( sei = six , cento = hundred ) .

neg: Francesco Vitelli Francesco Vitelli ( 1586 -- 1646 ) was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastic in the papal service .   Vitelli was born in Città di Castello . He was made titular archbishop of Thessalonica ( 16 August 1632 ) , then successively transferred to Terni ( 1634 ) and to Urbino ( 1636 ) and appointed papal nuncio to the Republic of Venice . In 1643 Pope Urban VIII Barberini appointed him Governor of Rome , an honorary position that his absence as bishop of Urbino disabled him from taking up . He was a correspondent of the papal diplomat Guido Bentivoglio , who addressed to him his Relationi concerning Flanders , 1633 .   Francesco Vitelli was of the line of Vitelli who had been rich merchants of Città di Castello , who made themselves masters of the town in the early fourteenth century , after civic confrontations with the rival Guelfucci of Brancaleone , and henceforward wielded political and military influence disproportionate to their small territory .

neg: Antonio Neri Antonio Neri ( 29 February 1576 , Florence -- 1614 , Florence ) was a Florentine priest who published L'Arte Vetraria or The Art of Glass in 1612 . His father was a physician , and he was an herbalist , alchemist , and glassmaker . Neri traveled extensively in Italy and Holland .

neg: Baroque sculpture Baroque sculpture is the sculpture of the period between the early 17th and late 18th centuries associated with the Baroque cultural movement , based on exaggerated motion and drama . Stylistically , Baroque sculpture followed Renaissance sculpture and was succeeded by Neoclassical Sculpture . Gian Lorenzo Bernini is the first developer of this style and many of his works are the most important works in this period . Rome is the first place where was the style formed . After the second half of the 17th century Baroque expanded also to the other parts of Italy and Europe . France had main position in spread of Baroque art after the late 17th century , but other lands , mainly Spain , Dutch Republic and Habsburg Monarchy , supported the baroque ideas , too .

neg: Antonio Scotti Antonio Scotti ( 25 January 1866 -- 26 February 1936 ) was an Italian baritone . He was a principal artist of the New York Metropolitan Opera for more than 33 seasons , but also sang with great success at London 's Royal Opera House , Covent Garden , and Milan 's La Scala .

neg: List of cathedrals in Italy This is a list of cathedrals in Italy , including also Vatican City and San Marino . This is intended to be a complete list of extant cathedrals - i.e. , churches that are the seats of bishops - and co-cathedrals . Many former cathedrals and proto-cathedrals are also included , but many more are yet to be added .   Almost all cathedrals in Italy are Roman Catholic , but any that are not are also listed here .   There are many churches in Italy commonly known as Duomo . This is often translated as `` cathedral '' , but not entirely accurately : `` duomo '' refers to the principal church of a town or city , whatever its status . Clearly , when a cathedral exists , that will often also be a town 's principal church , and many cathedrals are thus also `` duomi '' , and vice versa . This is not always so , however : there are places where the cathedral and the principal church are not the same ( Bologna , for example ) ; and very many places which are not the seats of bishops have a non-episcopal `` duomo '' and no cathedral at all . In this list , churches known as `` duomo '' are only included if they are , or have been , episcopal seats , as above .   There is a very small number of churches , such as that at Monza , which have such exceptional distinction or status that they are comparable in importance to cathedrals without having ever been the seats of bishops , and are commonly known in English as cathedrals . There is a separate ( incomplete ) list for this small group of churches .