query: Sarah Palin's middle name is Louise.

pos: Sarah Palin Sarah Louise Palin ( -LSB- ˈpeɪlᵻn -RSB- née Heath ; born February 11 , 1964 ) is an American politician , commentator , and author who served as the ninth Governor of Alaska from 2006 until her resignation in 2009 . As the Republican Party nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2008 election alongside presidential nominee , Arizona Senator John McCain , she was the first Alaskan on the national ticket of a major political party and the first Republican woman selected as a vice presidential candidate . Also , her book Going Rogue has sold more than two million copies .   She was elected to the Wasilla city council in 1992 and became mayor of Wasilla in 1996 . In 2003 , after an unsuccessful run for lieutenant governor , she was appointed chair of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission , responsible for overseeing the state 's oil and gas fields for safety and efficiency . She was the youngest person and the first woman to be elected Governor of Alaska .   Since her resignation as Governor , she has endorsed and campaigned for the Tea Party movement as well as several candidates in multiple election cycles , prominently including Donald Trump for President in 2016 . From 2010 to 2015 , she provided political commentary for Fox News . On April 3 , 2014 , Palin premiered her TV show , Amazing America with Sarah Palin , on the Sportsman Channel , which ran until February 12 , 2015 . On July 27 , 2014 , Palin launched the online news network called the Sarah Palin Channel , which was closed on July 4 , 2015 .

neg: Louise Dale Louise Dale is an English writer who lives in Newark , England . She writes the Time Trigger series .   The series is about two 12-year-olds , Alice and Robert , who are trying to recover and return all the `` Time Triggers '' , which propel you forwards and backwards in time . The book Millennium Spies was nominated for several Lincolnshire book awards .   So far , there are six books in the series :  The Curse of Rocamadour ( 2002 )  The Keys of Rome ( 2003 )  Millenium Spies ( 2004 )  Savage Pilgrims ( 2004 )  Royal Pirates ( 2005 )  The Masks of Robin Hood ( 2006 )  __ NOTOC __

neg: Marlborough: His Life and Times Marlborough : His Life and Times is a panegyric biography written by Winston Churchill about John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough . Churchill was a lineal descendant of the duke .   The book comprises four volumes , the first of which appeared in October 1933 ( 557 pages , 200,000 words ) with subsequent volumes in 1934 , 1936 and 1938 . The publisher was George G Harrup , who in 1929 agreed an advance of # 10,000 for the publishing rights , topping the offer made by Churchill 's customary publishers , Thornton Butterworth . The American publisher , Scribner 's , paid # 5000 advance for United States publishing rights . At that time Churchill envisaged writing 180,000 to 250,000 words to be published in no more than two volumes . Cumulative sales of the first volume were 17,000 copies , 15,000 for the second and 10,000 for the third and fourth , which was a respectable though not exceptional performance for such a work .   Churchill had conceived the idea of writing the book by 1929 , when the conservative defeat in the general election meant that he was no longer a government minister , giving him both spare time and the loss of his ministerial salary . His first act in preparing the book was to employ Maurice Ashley part-time for a  salary of # 300 per year to carry out research about Marlborough . Ashley later produced his own biography of Marlborough , in 1939 . Churchill , with other assistants , worked on and published a number of different historical books while work on Marlborough was proceeding . Churchill turned seriously to writing Marlborough after Easter 1932 , following pressure from his publishers . His initial draft was passed to Edward Marsh , who had been his private secretary while a government minister , with instructions to look out for repetitions , boring passages or clumsy sentences . He wrote over 300 letters requesting information or opinions about the work in progress .   In the preface to volume one , Churchill writes '' `` It is my hope to recall this great shade from the past , and not only invest him with his panoply , but make him living and intimate to modern eyes . ''   Churchill was sceptical of the claim that Marlborough had at 17 or 18 years of age became the lover of the King 's mistress but accepted that he did so somewhat later , at 20 . In 1675 , however , he met the 15-year-old Sarah Jennings , married her and lived with contentedly for the remainder of their lives . They were of comparable social status , but neither had any significant money . Churchill saw similarities between his ancestor and himself .

neg: Louise Smith Louise Smith ( July 31 , 1916 in Barnesville , Georgia -- April 15 , 2006 ) was tied for the second woman to race in NASCAR at the top level . She was known as `` the first lady of racing . ''   She went as a spectator to her first NASCAR race at the Daytona Beach Road Course in 1949 . She could not stand watching the races , so she entered her family 's shiny new Ford coupe in the race and rolled it . Her hometown Greenville , South Carolina paper featured photos of the wreck , and the town knew about it before she got home . The race was the first race to feature three female drivers ( Ethel Mobley and Sara Christian ) . The trio also competed later that season at the Langley Speedway .   She raced from 1949 to 1956 . She won 38 races in her career in numerous formats : late models , modifieds ( 28 victories ) , midgets , and sportsman .

neg: Louise Fréchette Louise Fréchette , OC ( born July 16 , 1946 ) was United Nations Deputy Secretary-General for eight years , and a long-time Canadian diplomat and public servant . She is currently serving a three-year term at the Centre for International Governance Innovation , an international relations and policy think-tank in Waterloo , Ontario , working on a major research project on nuclear energy and the world 's security .   Born in Montreal , she graduated with a degree in history from the Université de Montréal in 1970 and from the College of Europe ( Bruges ) with a postgraduate Certificate of Advanced European Studies ( equivalent to a master 's degree ) in 1978 . She began her career in 1971 when she joined Canada 's Department of External Affairs . She was posted to the Canadian embassy in Athens before joining Canada 's UN delegation in Geneva in 1978 .   In 1985 , at the age of 39 , she was named Canada 's ambassador to Argentina . In 1989 , she was sent on a secret mission to Cuba to lobby Fidel Castro to support the Gulf War . While unsuccessful , she impressed Ottawa with her efforts and was named Canada 's ambassador to the United Nations in 1992 .   In 1995 , she left the foreign service to become assistant deputy minister of finance in Ottawa . She was later promoted to deputy minister of national defense , the first woman to hold that position .   In 1997 , UN Secretary General Kofi Annan announced a series of reforms at the world body , including the creation of the position of deputy secretary-general to handle many of the administrative responsibilities which had previously been the responsibility of the secretary-general . Fréchette was offered the position and accepted and has been responsible for overseeing numerous reforms at the UN .   In 1998 , she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada .   In 2005 , after being criticized by former U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker for failed management of the Iraq Oil-for-Food Program , Frechette announced her resignation .   Louise Fréchette is a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation and is a member of the International Advisory Board at the Institute for the Study of International Development ( ISID ) at McGill University .

neg: Sarah Bird Sarah Bird is an American novelist , screenwriter , and journalist . She was born in 1949 in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Her father was an officer in the US Air Force , and her family ( a `` Catholic family of eight '' ) , including her mother , Colista Bird , travelled with him around the US and the world during her childhood . Sarah 's mother recognized signs of her daughter 's creative storytelling talent as young as kindergarten .   She attended the University of New Mexico , earning a BA there in 1973 . Moving to the University of Texas at Austin , she went on to receive an MA in journalism there in 1976 . She is married to George Jones , and has one son , Gabriel Bird-Jones , born in 1989 . The family lives in Austin , Texas .   During the mid-eighties , Bird was a founding contributing-editor to Austin 's Third Coast Magazine , for which she wrote numerous feature and humor articles .   Bird 's first published novel was Do Evil Cheerfully , a mystery ( as Sarah McCabe Bird ) .   In 1986 , her comic novel Alamo House was published based on her experience as a graduate student at the University of Texas .   Bird wrote the screenplay for the movie Do n't Tell Her It 's Me ( 1990 , starring Shelley Long and Steve Guttenberg ) , adapting the Boyfriend School novel .   The Boyfriend School and The Mommy Club , published by Ballantine in 1989 and 1991 , respectively , were both humorous novels drawing on Bird 's life experiences . In addition to novels , Bird has written screenplays for television and magazine articles for national women 's magazines . She writes a column for Texas Monthly . Virgin of the Rodeo was published in 1999 .   Bird was named Austin 's best author in 2001 by the Austin Chronicle , the year she also published The Yokota Officers Club , a novel that draws on her experiences as military brat . She has also written screenplays for the National Geographic Channel and Hallmark , as well as the CBS movie Yesterday 's Children .   Another novel , The Flamenco Academy , came out in 2006 . A new novel , How Perfect Is That , was published by Knopf in June 2008 .

neg: Louise Adeline Weitzel Louise Adeline Weitzel ( December 2 , 1862 -- May 6 , 1934 ) was an American writer of German descent . She was born in Green Bay , Wisconsin . Her family moved to Lititz , Pennsylvania while she was still a young lady .   Given the socio-cultural context in which she was born and raised , her work is unique , not only because of the content of her writing per se but also because she produced and published her texts as a woman and in her native German dialect ( Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch ) in the United States .   Her will , only 30 words long , left her $ 855 estate to the Moravian Home for Aged Women in Lititz .

neg: Jane Pauley Margaret Jane Pauley ( born October 31 , 1950 ) , better known as Jane Pauley , is an American television journalist and author ; she has been involved in news reporting since 1972 . She is the anchor of CBS Sunday Morning and previously best known for her 13-year tenure on NBC 's Today program , followed by 12 years as co-host of Dateline NBC , and for her public acknowledgements of her struggle with bipolar disorder .

neg: Louise Simard (politician) Rose Marie Louise Simard , QC ( born April 17 , 1947 ) is a lawyer and former politician in Saskatchewan , Canada . She represented Regina Lakeview from 1986 to 1996 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party ( NDP ) member .   She was born in Val-d'Or , Quebec and grew up in Meadow Lake , Saskatchewan . She received a BA and LLB degree from the University of Saskatchewan . Simard articled in Regina and was called to the Saskatchewan bar in 1971 . In 1974 , she became the first female Legislative Council and Law Clerk for the province of Saskatchewan . In 1978 , she set up her own law firm . In 1979 , Simard was named to the Attorney General 's committee on the Consolidation of the Queen 's Bench and District Courts . From 1982 to 1985 , she was consumer representative on the council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan .   Simard served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Health and Minister Responsible for the Status of Women . As Minister of Health , she introduced the `` wellness '' model of health care , which incorporated extensive reforms to the health care system , including hospital closures in rural Saskatchewan and the establishment of health districts and boards . She resigned from cabinet in February 1995 and did not run for reelection in 1995 , returning to the practice of law . In 1995 , Simard was named Queen 's Counsel . From 2000 to 2003 , she was president and Chief Executive Officer of the Saskatchewan Association of Health Organizations . Simard then served as president and Chief Executive Officer of the Health Employers Association of British Columbia .   Simard was first married to Linton Smith , a Judge . The couple had two children but later divorced . In 1994 , she married Dwain Lingenfelter . She later separated from Lingenfelter and , in 2009 , supported Deb Higgins in the NDP leadership race .   As of 2007 , she was living in Vancouver , British Columbia .

neg: Louise Gopher Louise Jones Gopher is the second Seminole ( after Billy Cypress ) and first woman from the Seminole tribe of Florida to earn a bachelor 's degree . Gopher , a former director of education for the Seminole Tribe of Florida of Florida , was the first female Seminole to earn a bachelor 's degree when she graduated from Florida Atlantic University in 1970 . Born May 25 , 1945 in a chickee at a tribal camp in Fort Pierce , Jones spoke no English when she entered school at age 6 . Because they were considered neither black nor white , none of the segregated schools of the day would willingly take her as a student , but at the pleading of her father ( who spoke , read , nor wrote any English ) , Lucie County Schools Superintendent Ben L. Bryan chose to allow her to enroll in the Fairlawn School . In 2014 , she was granted an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Florida State University . She is the third Seminole to receive an honorary degree from FSU , after Betty Mae Tiger Jumper ( Doctorate of Humane Letters ) and Jim Shore ( Doctor of Laws ) . The Palm Beach Post named her one of the most 100 influential people in Florida in the 20th century .   As Director of Education , Gopher was behind the development of the tribe 's first charter school , `` Pemayetv Emahakv '' or `` Our Way '' , which opened in 2007 . Gopher has put great effort into perserving Seminole culture . The Seminoles ' native languages , Creek or Mikasuki , are spoken only by older tribe members , so she transcribes Mikasuki teachings for posterity . In 2014 governor Rick Scott honored appointed her to the Florida Women 's Hall of Fame . Gopher encouraged young Seminoles to attend college , and her daughter , Carla Gopher became the first Seminole to graduate from Florida State University in 1996 .   Louise 's grandfather was Desoto Tiger , the son of Cow Creek chief Tom Tiger , who was murdered by John Ashley , also known as The King of the Everglades in 1910 . In 2007 , Jones received the exceedingly rare Westcott Award from Florida State University .

neg: Hay House Hay House is a New Thought and self-help publisher founded in 1984 by author Louise Hay , when she self-published her books Heal Your Body and You Can Heal Your Life . Hay House Inc. includes the imprints New Beginnings Press , Princess Books , Smiley Books , and Balboa Press .   In 2005 radio director Summer McStravick developed and launched the Internet radio station , Hay House Radio Network .   Hay House has its headquarters in Carlsbad , California , U.S. , and international divisions in the United Kingdom , Australia , India , and South Africa .

neg: Sarah Huckabee Sanders Sarah Elizabeth Huckabee Sanders ( born August 13 , 1982 ) is an American political aide , currently serving as Principal Deputy White House Press Secretary . She is the daughter of former governor of Arkansas and presidential candidate Mike Huckabee , and former Arkansas first lady Janet Huckabee .

neg: Lao name Lao names ( Lao : ຊື່ -LSB- sɯː -RSB- ) are given in Western order , where the family name goes after the first given name . On official documents , both first given name and surname are written , but it is customary to refer to people in formal situations by their first name , plus titles and honorifics , alone .   In daily life , outside of formal , international , or academic spheres , Lao people generally refer to themselves and others by nicknames , or seu lin -- literally `` playnames '' ( Lao : ຊື່ຫຼິ້ນ -LSB- sɯː lin -RSB- ) . Much like the nicknames of Thai people ( with whom the Lao share a great deal of cultural similarity ) , the names are often unflattering , although some are based on onomatopoeia , nonsense syllables , or peculiar characteristics . This is largely based on old superstitions from times when health care was not available and there was high infant mortality , as many of these names were supposed to ward off evil spirits from claiming the child .   The French Colonial government mandated the introduction of surnames in Laos in 1943 , beginning first with the royalty and the élite before becoming a common practice among the other classes . To this day , among isolated ethnic groups and remote rural villages , it is still possible to find individuals who do not possess a surname .   Both first and surname are a mixture of Pali or Sanskrit and Lao words . The wording comes from variety of influences , such as nature , animals , and royal titles . Lao names are generally made up of two or three words , but when translated into English span nearly 10 -- 15 letters , for which both Lao and Thai names are known .

neg: Sarah McClendon Sarah Newcomb McClendon ( July 8 , 1910 -- January 8 , 2003 ) was a long-time White House reporter who covered presidential politics for a half-century . McClendon founded her own freelance news service as a single mother in the post-World War II era , and became known as a model for women in the press and as a vocal advocate of various causes , particularly those of United States military veterans . McClendon was best known , however , for posing sharp , blunt questions at United States presidential press conferences .

neg: Louise Showe Louise C. Showe , Ph.D. , is a researcher and scientific director of the Genomics Facility and the Bioinformatics Facility at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia . Her research focuses on functional genomics and how they can be used to better understand the immune system and cancer .   Showe has said that being able to `` globally screen gene expression patterns using genomics and proteomics appears to have injected a new level of enthusiasm for learning what is going on in complex cancers that have been particularly recalcitrant to therapy . '' Recently , Showe 's research led to the creation of a blood test that could be used to test for lung cancer using a 29-gene assay . The company OncoCyte has partnered with Wistar to develop lung cancer diagnostic tests .

neg: Mistaken Identity: Two Families, One Survivor, Unwavering Hope Mistaken Identity : Two Families , One Survivor , Unwavering Hope is a best-selling non-fiction book describing an incident in which the identities of two young female casualties were confused after a vehicle crash . It was published by Howard Books on March 25 , 2008 . The book lists its authors as Don and Susie van Ryn ; Newell , Colleen and Whitney Cerak ; and Mark Tabb ; the former the parents of Laura van Ryn ( the woman believed to have survived the crash but actually deceased ) and the latter the parents of Whitney Cerak , initially declared deceased in the crash but later found to have survived . Mark Tabb is a former pastor whom The New York Times described as `` the go-to guy when a collaborator is needed on books with spiritual themes . ''   Both the identity mix-up and the book 's release received worldwide media attention : was the subject of a two-hour episode of Dateline NBC , a program of The Oprah Winfrey Show , and a segment featured on The Today Show . The book was ranked 1st place for two weeks on the adult non-fiction New York Times Best Seller list in 2008 . The incident prompted the states of Michigan and Indiana to pursue legislation concerning stricter guidelines in the process of identification of bodies by coroners .   On April 26 , 2006 , a Taylor University van carrying nine students and staff members collided with a tractor-trailer being driven by Robert F. Spencer on Interstate 69 in Indiana . Five people riding in the van died at the crash scene : Elizabeth Smith , Laurel Erb , Bradley Larson , and Monica Felver , and a young blonde woman the coroner identified as Whitney Cerak . A similar looking woman who survived but was unable to communicate was identified as Laura van Ryn . For several weeks , the van Ryn family kept a bedside vigil over the patient they believed to be their daughter . However , into five weeks of hospitalization the identity of the surviving woman began to be questioned . She was found to be Whitney Cerak , not Laura van Ryn .   Some physical similarities existed between the two women but the severity of the injuries , which included severe head trauma and the immediate inability to communicate led local government officials to mis-identify the casualties , the hospital to carry through with the unfortunate action and caused both families to respond in a manner appropriate to the situation of each casualty : Cerak was taken care of by the van Ryn family in the belief that she was their daughter . Meanwhile , Laura was interred in a marked grave at a funeral with 1400 people in attendance . Five weeks passed before incidents arose that caused suspicion about identity : she made comments about things and people that were inconsistent with facts pertaining to Laura ; and a university roommate also reported some physical discrepancies . `` Laura '' confirmed that it was ` Whitney Cerak ' that had survived when asked by hospital staff to write down the patient 's name , which was then confirmed by dental records . The tragic mix-up appeared to have been caused by the similarities of appearance of Cerak and van Ryn , and the confusion at the crash scene . Neither family spoke publicly about the incident for nearly two years .   During the Dateline interview , it was noted that the van Ryn family suspected for several days something was amiss with the patient before the concerns were shared with the hospital staff : the van Ryn family noticed the patient 's teeth ; navel piercing ( which van Ryn did not have ) ; the patient called herself Whitney ( not Laura ) when she emerged from the coma ; the patient accused `` her '' parents of being `` false parents '' ; and the patient told `` her '' sister their parent 's names were Newell and Colleen . The van Ryns said that their duplicity in sustaining the misidentification for a month was reinforced by reassurance by the hospital staff of the patient 's identity and the distress of the situation .

neg: Louise Osmond Louise Osmond is a British documentary filmmaker .   Osmond graduated from the University of Oxford with a degree in modern history . Before she became a filmmaker , Osmond worked as a journalist and editor in Brussels , Paris , Rome and Africa . During this time , she was working in the news journalism graduate trainee for the UK network ITN .   Some of Osmond 's film titles include : Deep Water ( 2006 ) , Blitz : London ` s Firestorm ( 2005 ) , The Beckoning Silence ( 2007 ) , McQueen and I ( 2011 ) , Richard III : The King in the Car Park ( 2013 ) , and Dark Horse ( 2015 ) . Osmond most well known recent films include Dark Horse ( 2015 ) and Versus : The Life and Films of Ken Loach ( 2016 ) .   Dark Horse is the true story of a group of friends from a British working men 's club who decide to breed a racehorse . Raised on a slagheap allotment , their foal grows into an unlikely champion , beating the finest thoroughbreds in the land , before suffering a near fatal accident . Nursed back to health by the love of his owners - for whom he 's become a source of inspiration and hope - he makes a remarkable recovery , returning to the race track for a heart-stopping comeback .   Osmond has won the International Emmy Award for Documentary and had been nominated for the News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Historical Programming -- Long Form and the British Academy Television Award for Best Specialist Factual for her work .

neg: Luisa Luisa ( Italian , Spanish , and Portuguese ) or Louise ( French ) is a feminine given name ; it is the feminine form of the given name Louis ( Luis ) , the French form of the Frankish Chlodowig ( German Ludwig ) , from the Germanic elements hlod `` fame '' and wig `` combat '' .   Variations include Luisella , Luisetta , Luigia .  Its popularity derives from the cult of Saint Louise de Marillac of Paris , and from Giuseppe Verdi 's opera Luisa Miller .   The name may refer to :  Luisa Miller , an opera by Giuseppe Verdi  Giovanni da Verrazzano 's name for Block Island and hence , Rhode Island  Luisa Piccarreta also known as `` Little Daughter of the Divine Will '' is a proposed Roman Catholic saint  Luisa Warrington , fictional character in UK soap opera Family Affairs , played by Clare Byam-Shaw  Luísa , a song composed by Tom Jobim Antônio Carlos Jobim

neg: Anne Flournoy Anne Flournoy ( born April 28 , 1952 ) is an American writer , producer and film director , best known for the webseries The Louise Log .

neg: Louise Shaffer Louise Shaffer ( born July 5 , 1942 ) is an American actress , script writer , and author .

neg: Palimpsest In textual studies , a palimpsest ( -LSB- ˈpælɪmpsɛst -RSB- ) is a manuscript page , either from a scroll or a book , from which the text has been scraped or washed off so that the page can be reused for another document . Pergamene ( now known as Parchment ) was made of baby lamb or kid skin ( best made in ancient Pergamos ) and was expensive and not readily available , so , in the interest of economy a pergamene often was re-used by scraping the previous writing . In colloquial usage , the term palimpsest is also used in architecture , archaeology , and geomorphology , to denote an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another , for example a monumental brass the reverse blank side of which has been re-engraved .


query: James Arness was an American.

pos: James Arness James Arness ( May 26 , 1923 -- June 3 , 2011 ) was an American actor , best known for portraying Marshal Matt Dillon for 20 years in the television series Gunsmoke . Arness has the distinction of having played the role of Dillon in five separate decades : 1955 to 1975 in the weekly series , then in Gunsmoke : Return to Dodge ( 1987 ) and four more made-for-television Gunsmoke films in the 1990s . In Europe , Arness reached cult status for his role as Zeb Macahan in the western series How the West Was Won . He was the older brother of actor Peter Graves ( 1926 - 2010 ) .

neg: Skirmish of Alness The Skirmish of Alness was a conflict that took place in October 1715 in Alness , in the county of Ross in the Scottish Highlands . It was part of the Jacobite rising of 1715 and pitted Highlanders loyal to the British-Hanoverian Government of George I of Great Britain against Highlanders loyal to the Jacobite House of Stuart .

neg: James Van Remsen, Jr. James Vanderbeek `` Van '' Remsen , Jr. ( born September 21 , 1949 in Newark , New Jersey ) is an American ornithologist . His main research field is the Neotropical avifauna . In 1999 , he founded the South American Classification Committee . In 2013 , he was honored with the Brewster Medal of the American Ornithologists ' Union .

neg: American Academy of Forensic Sciences The American Academy of Forensic Sciences ( AAFS ) is a society for forensics professionals , founded in 1948 . The society is based in Colorado Springs , Colorado , USA .   The AAFS provided consultancy on the development of CSI : The Experience , a traveling exhibition about crime lab forensic science and technology inspired by the television series CSI : Crime Scene Investigation . The society consist of different sections in the branches of Anthropology , Criminalistics , Digital & Multimedia Sciences , General , Engineering Sciences , Jurisprudence , Odontology , Pathology/Biology , Psychiatry & Behavioral Science and Toxicology . The Journal of Forensic Sciences is published by Wiley-Blackwell on the Academy 's behalf .

neg: James Alexander James Alexander may refer to :  James Alexander , 1st Earl of Caledon ( 1730 -- 1802 ) , Irish landlord , merchant , politician and peer of the realm  James Alexander , 3rd Earl of Caledon ( 1812 -- 1855 )  James Alexander , 4th Earl of Caledon ( 1846 -- 1898 ) , soldier and politician  James Alexander ( 1769 -- 1848 ) , British banker , and Member of Parliament for Old Sarum 1812 -- 32  James Alexander ( lawyer ) ( 1691 -- 1756 ) , American lawyer and politician of the colonial period  James Alexander ( musician ) ( born 1949 ) , American bassist  James Edward Alexander ( 1803 -- 1885 ) , British soldier and traveller  James Peterkin Alexander ( 1835 -- 1912 ) , Scottish-born politician in Manitoba , Canada  James Tavian Alexander ( born c. 1959 ) , Grand Wizard on the Canadian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1980s  James Thomas Alexander ( 1888 -- 1952 ) , United States Navy Captain  James Waddel Alexander ( 1804 -- 1859 ) , American Presbyterian minister and author  James Waddell Alexander II ( 1888 -- 1971 ) , American mathematician & topologist  James Alexander Jr. ( 1789 -- 1846 ) , U.S. Congressman from Ohio  James Alexander ( cricketer ) ( 1916 -- 1943 ) , English cricketer  James R. Alexander , American sound engineer  J. W. Alexander ( musician ) ( 1916 -- 1996 ) , American singer , songwriter and record producer

neg: American Association of University Professors The American Association of University Professors ( AAUP ) is an organization of professors and other academics in the United States . AAUP membership is about 47,000 , with over 500 local campus chapters and 39 state organizations .   The AAUP 's stated mission is to advance academic freedom and shared governance , to define fundamental professional values and standards for higher education , and to ensure higher education 's contribution to the common good . Founded in 1915 by Arthur O. Lovejoy and John Dewey , the AAUP has helped to shape American higher education by developing the standards and procedures that maintain quality in education and academic freedom in the country 's colleges and universities . Rudy Fichtenbaum is the current president .

neg: James Arnold James Arnold may refer to :

neg: American University School of International Service The School of International Service ( SIS ) is American University 's school of advanced international study in the areas of international politics , international communication , international development , international economic relations , peace and conflict resolution , global environmental politics , and U.S. foreign policy .   The School of International Service was created when AU 's Hurst Anderson was urged by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to create a school of practitioners prepared for foreign policy beyond the U.S. -- Soviet rivalry . Since 1957 , SIS has prepared thousands of graduates to represent their country in the global arena by `` waging peace '' and employing the hallmarks of thoughtful diplomacy .   SIS is the largest school of international relations in the United States , enrolling more than 2,000 students from over 150 countries . The school makes extensive use of the academic and governmental resources offered by the university 's location in Washington , D.C.   Foreign Policy , in its 2015 rankings of top international affairs programs , ranked the school 's master 's and undergraduate programs as 8th - and 9th-best in the world , respectively . SIS is also consistently ranked in conjunction with American University 's School of Public Affairs as a leading program in the country by U.S. News & World Report 's college and university rankings . SIS is also a full member of The Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs .

neg: Pullman Strike The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States on May 11 , 1894 , and a turning point for US labor law . It pitted the American Railway Union ( ARU ) against the Pullman Company , the main railroads , and the federal government of the United States under President Grover Cleveland . The strike and boycott shut down much of the nation 's freight and passenger traffic west of Detroit , Michigan . The conflict began in Pullman , Chicago , on May 11 when nearly 4,000 factory employees of the Pullman Company began a wildcat strike in response to recent reductions in wages .   Most factory workers who built Pullman cars lived in the `` company town '' of Pullman on the South Side of Chicago , Illinois . The industrialist George Pullman had designed it ostensibly as a model community . Pullman had a diverse work force . He wanted to hire African-Americans for certain jobs at the company . Pullman used ads and other campaigns to help bring workers into his company .   When his company laid off workers and lowered wages , it did not reduce rents , and the workers called for a strike . Among the reasons for the strike were the absence of democracy within the town of Pullman and its politics , the rigid paternalistic control of the workers by the company , excessive water and gas rates , and a refusal by the company to allow workers to buy and own houses . They had not yet formed a union . Founded in 1893 by Eugene V. Debs , the ARU was an organization of unskilled railroad workers . Debs brought in ARU organizers to Pullman and signed up many of the disgruntled factory workers . When the Pullman Company refused recognition of the ARU or any negotiations , ARU called a strike against the factory , but it showed no sign of success . To win the strike , Debs decided to stop the movement of Pullman cars on railroads . The over-the-rail Pullman employees ( such as conductors and porters ) did not go on strike .   Debs and the ARU called a massive boycott against all trains that carried a Pullman car . It affected most rail lines west of Detroit and at its peak involved some 250,000 workers in 27 states . The Railroad brotherhoods and the American Federation of Labor ( AFL ) opposed the boycott , and the General Managers Association of the railroads coordinated the opposition . Thirty people were killed in response to riots and sabotage that caused $ 80 million in damages . The federal government obtained an injunction against the union , Debs , and other boycott leaders , ordering them to stop interfering with trains that carried mail cars . After the strikers refused , President Grover Cleveland ordered in the Army to stop the strikers from obstructing the trains . Violence broke out in many cities , and the strike collapsed . Defended by a team including Clarence Darrow , Debs was convicted of violating a court order and sentenced to prison ; the ARU then dissolved .

neg: American Fur Company The American Fur Company ( AFC ) was founded in 1808 , by John Jacob Astor , a German immigrant to the United States . During the 18th century , furs had become a major commodity in Europe , and North America became a major supplier . Several British companies , most notably the North West Company and the Hudson 's Bay Company , were eventual competitors against Astor and capitalized on the lucrative trade in furs . Astor capitalized on anti-British sentiments and his commercial strategies to become one of the first trusts in American business and a major competitor to the British commercial dominance in North American fur trade . Expanding into many former British fur-trapping regions and trade routes , the company grew to monopolize the fur trade in the United States by 1830 , and became one of the largest and wealthiest businesses in the country .   Astor planned for several companies planned to function across the Great Lakes , the Great Plains and the Oregon Country to gain control of the North American fur trade . Comparatively inexpensive manufactured goods were to be shipped to commercial stations for trade with various Indigenous nations for fur pelts . The sizable number of furs collected would then be brought to the port of Guangzhou , as pelts were in high demand in the Qing Empire . Chinese products would in turn be purchased for resale throughout Europe and the United States . A beneficial agreement with the Russian-American Company was also planned through the regular supply of provisions for posts in Russian America . This was planned in part to prevent the rival Montreal based North West Company ( NWC ) to gain a presence along the Pacific Coast , a prospect neither Russian colonial authorities or Astor favored .   Demand for furs in Europe began to decline during the early 19th century , leading to the stagnation of the fur trade by the mid-19th century . Astor left his company in 1830 , the company declared bankruptcy in 1842 , and the American Fur Company ultimately ceased trading in 1847 .

neg: American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation .   Author William Herberg offers the following definition :   One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' .   In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''

neg: Aruban Americans Aruban Americans are Americans of Aruban descent .

neg: James Arthur Anderson James Arthur Andersons first published short story appeared in Andrew J. Offutt 's `` Swords Against Darkness V '' anthology in 1979 . He has since published stories in Lin Carter 's `` Weird Tales 4 '' , `` Elditch Tales '' , `` Fantasy Tales '' , and `` Haunts . '' His nonfiction has appeared in `` Fangoria . '' In 1997 he began using his complete name , James Arthur Anderson , in his by-line . He has won several poetry awards , including first place in the rhymed poetry category in the 79th annual Writer 's Digest Writing Competition .   Anderson was born in Providence , Rhode Island . in 1955 and currently lives in North Miami , Florida . He received a B.A. from Rhode Island College in 1977 , and an M.A. in 1987 . He earned his Ph.D. in literature from the University of Rhode Island in 1992 . His book-length study of H.P. Lovecraft , `` Out of the Shadowsa Structuralist Approach to Understanding the Fiction of H.P. Lovecraft '' was published in 2011 by Wildside Press .

neg: James Roberts (slave narrative) James Roberts ( born 1753 ) was an enslaved American .   Roberts was born on the Eastern shore of Maryland , during a time of slavery . He was enslaved by Francis De Shields , a colonel in Washington 's army . Roberts had fought beside De Shields in the war , and once the seven-year war with Britain ended , worked for Washington in Philadelphia . Roberts went with De Shields as his servant . When De Shields died , Roberts expected to be set free , but instead was sold to William Ward . Roberts was torn away from his family and then sold at an auction in New Orleans to Calvin Smith .   `` It is not for me to foretell the end of oppression in this country , but one thing is certain , virtue , sobriety , temperance , economy , education and religion , will fit you for any emergency whatever , and are the best qualifications for free men . That their attainment may be your constant pursuit and most earnest endeavr , is the prayer of one now ready to depart . ''   While he was enslaved by Calvin Smith he experienced traumatic events on the plantation . His cousin was whipped and put in the stocks only to die a week into being on that very homestead . Soon thereafter , General Jackson traveled to Calvin Smith 's to enlist 500 slaves to prepare for the Battle of New Orleans . Roberts was one of these 500 men . When the army arrived in New Orleans , Jackson saw the fear in his men 's eyes . To get their spirits up he said , `` do n't be discouraged take a second look at them ; they are but men like yourselves . Courage will overcome your fears and dread . '' The triumph of Jackson 's battle had cost Roberts a serious wound to his head as well as a missing forefinger . After the battle was over , the promise that Jackson had made to the enslaved men had evaporated into thin air . They marched to the Kentucky tavern to drink as much as the men pleased .  `` Never , '' said he , `` suffer negroes to have arms ; if you do , they will take the country . Suffer them to have no kind of weapons over ten inches long . Never allow them to have a piece of paper with any writing on it whatever . You must examine your slaves very closely , for the time is coming when the slave will get light ; and if ever his mind is enlightened on the subject of freedom , you can not keep him . One slave bought from the East will ruin a multitude of those raised here . Before a slave of mine should go free , I would put him in a barn and burn him alive . Gentlemen , take me at my word ; for if you do not , you will be sorry for it before many years . Never arm another set of colored people . We have fooled them now , but never trust them again ; they will not be fooled again with this example before them . If you do , you will repent of it but once . ''  After the hearts of these men were broken , the only thing Roberts was allowed to do was go back to work for the master he had learned to despise only to return and observe additional abuse to him and others .   In 1856 Roberts contacted a President Pierce located in Washington city for an interview about receiving a pension for his merits in the war . Pierce said that Roberts was nothing more than a horse or a sheep and that it would be a disgrace to take a pension that his master was still receiving and give it to Roberts .

neg: American Arachnological Society The American Arachnological Society ( AAS ) is a scientific organization founded in 1972 in order to promote the study of arachnids by seeking to achieve closer cooperation and understanding between amateur and professional arachnologists along with publication of the Journal of Arachnology . The society holds annual meetings around the United States and membership is open to all individuals who share the common objectives held by the society .

neg: Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans or Anglos are people who are inhabitants of Anglo-America and are referred to as English Americans and/or an English Canadians . It typically refers to an English-speaking American in distinction to Spanish speakers in the Southwestern states and in Mexico ; German speakers ( Amish ) in North Dakota , Ohio , and Pennsylvania ; and French speakers in Canada , New England and Louisiana . This usage originated in the discussion of the history of English-speaking people of the United States and the Spanish-speaking people residing in the western United States during the Mexican -- American War .

neg: James Anderson (American actor) James Anderson ( July 13 , 1921 -- September 14 , 1969 ) , sometimes billed as Kyle James , was an American television and film actor of the 1950s and 1960s . He is probably best known for his role as Robert E. Lee `` Bob '' Ewell in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) .   He made over 120 appearances , mostly in television and several films between 1941 and 1969 . He made three guest appearances on Perry Mason , including the role of murder victim Frank Anderson in the 1958 episode , `` The Case of the Pint-Sized Client , '' and murder victim Stanley Piper in the 1960 episode , `` The Case of the Ill-Fated Faker . '' He appeared in a number of westerns throughout his career , often playing a gun-for-hire or outlaw . He died of a heart attack on September 14 , 1969 . Two films he appeared in The Ballad of Cable Hogue ( 1969 ) and Little Big Man ( 1970 ) were released posthumously .   His sister , Mary Anderson ( April 3 , 1918 -- April 6 , 2014 ) , was also an actress . They appeared in only one film together , Hunt the Man Down ( 1951 ) .

neg: St. James' Episcopal Church (New York City) St. James ' Church is an Episcopal parish church located at the intersection of Madison Avenue and 71st Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , New York City .   Founded in May 1810 as a summer chapel for New Yorkers with country homes north of the then city , it has grown into one of the largest Episcopal churches in New York City . In addition to worship , it has programs for children and young families , youth and young adults , as well as a music program and a devotion to mission and service in the community .

neg: Eddie Arning Eddie Arning ( 1898 -- 1993 ) was born in the farming community of Germania , Texas . As a young adult , he was admitted into a Texas mental institution for violent acts . In 1964 , after 60 years in the institution , he was introduced to crayons , and began coloring . After a few years of using crayons , Arning switched to oil pastels and began producing more complex compositions . His early works were autobiographical and depict scenes from his childhood with animals , flowers , windmills and churches . Later , Arning became inspired by newspapers , advertisements and magazine illustrations and was producing more graphic images . Over ten years , Arning produced over 2000 drawings . His work has been likened to styles in avant-garde twentieth-century art . Arning stopped drawing suddenly in 1973 when he was forced to leave his home because of `` bad conduct . '' Arning is represented in numerous museums , including the Minneapolis Institute of Art , Museum of Fine Arts , Boston , Smithsonian American Art Museum , Washington , D.C. and the American Folk Art Museum , New York .

neg: Thomas A. Furness III Thomas A. Furness III is an American inventor , professor , and virtual reality pioneer based in Seattle , Washington . He is a Professor in the University of Washington Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering , and the founder of the Human Interface Technology Lab at the University of Washington and its sister labs at the University of Canterbury and University of Tasmania . Known for his contributions in developing human interface technology , he has earned the title , `` Grandfather of Virtual Reality . ''   Furness recently received the first-ever lifetime achievement award for his 50 years service in the field of VR ( virtual reality ) and AR ( augment reality ) from the Augment World Expo in Santa Clara , California .   In addition to being a professor at the University of Washington , he is also the general manager and owner of the RATLab ( Rocking and Thinking Laboratory ) , an engineering research and development company .

neg: William Harkness William Harkness ( December 17 , 1837 -- February 28 , 1903 ) was an astronomer , born at Ecclefechan , Scotland , a son of James ( 1803 -- 78 ) and Jane ( née Wield ) Harkness . Harkness died in Jersey City on February 28 , 1903 at the age of 66 .


query: J. Cole was born in 1986.

pos: J. Cole Jermaine Lamarr Cole ( born January 28 , 1985 ) , better known by his stage name J. Cole , is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer . Raised in Fayetteville , North Carolina , Cole initially gained recognition as a rapper following the release of his debut mixtape , The Come Up , in early 2007 . Intent on further pursuing a solo career as a rapper , he went on to release two additional mixtapes after signing to Jay Z 's Roc Nation imprint in 2009 .   Cole released his debut studio album , Cole World : The Sideline Story , in 2011 . It debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 , and was soon certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . His next two releases , 2013 's Born Sinner and 2014 's 2014 Forest Hills Drive , received mostly positive reviews from critics , while being both certified platinum in the US . The latter earned him his first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rap Album . In December 2016 Cole released his fourth studio album 4 Your Eyez Only . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified platinum in April 2017 .   Self-taught on piano , Cole also acts as a producer alongside his hip hop career , producing singles for artists such as Kendrick Lamar and Janet Jackson , as well as handling the majority of the production in his own projects . He has also developed other ventures , including Dreamville Records , as well as non-profit organization the Dreamville Foundation . The Dreamville Foundation is not the only non-profit gesture Cole has put forth ; in January 2015 , he decided to house single mothers rent-free in his childhood home at 2014 Forest Hills Drive , Fayetteville , North Carolina .

neg: Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps .   The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work .   Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .

neg: Justin Cole Justin Alexander Cole ( born November 22 , 1987 ) is an American football linebacker for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He played college football at San Jose State , where in 49 games he recovered five fumbles and forced another four .   Cole has also been a member of the Kansas City Chiefs , St. Louis Rams , Cleveland Browns , Oakland Raiders and Saskatchewan Roughriders .

neg: James Cole James Cole , Jim Cole or Jimmy Cole may refer to :

neg: Moses Uvere Moses Uvere ( born May 25 , 1986 ) is an American rapper . Uvere got his start in his hometown of Dallas , Texas , United States . Uvere 's family is from a small town in Nigeria . He is the first from his village to be born in America . Uvere graduated from Berkner High School in 2004 and has been a professional hip-hop artist since 2008 . His goal to bring a new sound and vibe to hip-hop . Uvere has released three albums From Worse to Better , Mind the Gap and Never Been Better .

neg: Kayla J. Yoo Kayla J. Yoo is a songwriter , singer , music producer , multimedia designer and music columnist from South Korea who has developed Joombas Music Group as Chief Content Officer with Justine Ok , Yena Seo , and Hyuk Shin in 2011 . In 2013 , she was involved as a songwriter on `` Romantic St ' of Girls ' Generation 's 4th album , I Got A Boy , which hit Billboard # 1 World album chart in January 2013 . Deeply involved with Fiera Music in 2012 as a director , she works on various music projects as a singer , lyricist , A&R , and multimedia designer/producer in New York City .   As a multimedia designer and producer , she has either directed , produced , interviewed , or written many interviews for artists Marques Houston , Elijah Blake , RAS , Mat Musto , Torae , and Oddisee . With Joombas Music Group , she directed contents on Joombas TV ( the online media channel of Joombas Music Group ) , including industry news , interviews , online reality show and documentary . She also has worked as a video editor for the music video of the song ` Heal ' by Natascha Bessez . The music video was featured by the actor Hunter Johansson , twin brother of Scarlett Johansson , and it was released in February 2013 .   As a music columnist , she works with Korean Hiphop/R & B online magazine HiphopLE . She writes the series of ` R&B Talk ' , ` Feature ' , and ` Stars in Love ' , which also published offline , by the Korean fashion magazine ` FAST ' in 2013 . In July 2013 , she became a panel of the official podcast radio of HiphopLE , `` The Art Of Hip-Hop '' and `` Hot Issue '' . She 's also known as the voice of HiphopLE 's intro clip , speaking the slogan ` One Step Closer to Hip-hop and R&B Music ' . In February 2014 , HiphopLE held a contest to find the new instrumental for the intro clip with using Kayla , Jolly V and NateDogg 's voices .   On January 28 , 2014 , Kayla made her music video directing debut in the single album , `` Champion '' by Born I Music and Justine . The single was released digitally and distributed worldwide by Fiera Music/Sony Music Entertainment Korea and the music video was certified by VEVO . Kayla got also involved as a director of the project and the background singer .  Subsequently , `` Champion '' was also featured in a Sony Music compilation album for the Sochi 2014 Olympics released on February 7 , 2014 . Also listed on the album were artists such as Pharrell Williams , Daft Punk , Justin Timberlake , Lenka , Avril Lavigne , Shakira , Pitbull , One Direction , Dami Im , Britney Spears , Chris Brown , Miley Cyrus , Foster The People , Paloma Faith , Helena , Tinashe , Krewella , Little Mix , Beyoncé , Russian Red , Justice Crew , Ailee , and Lucas Nord .

neg: Jon Cole Jon Cole may refer to :   Jon Cole ( businessman ) , Texas businessman and anti-drug leader  Jon Cole ( weightlifter ) ( born 1943 ) , American powerlifter , weightlifter and strongman  Jon Cole of Quill ( band )  Jon Cole of Psyopus ( band )

neg: Jefferson Cardoso dos Santos Jefferson Cardoso dos Santos ( born February 15 , 1986 ) is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Guarani in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.

neg: Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status .   The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture .   `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .

neg: Jackson Morgan Jackson Morgan ( born Jackson Lee Morgan ) is a Grammy-nominated American songwriter and producer from Dallas , TX who resides in Los Angeles , CA . Signed by Kobalt Music Group in 2013 , Morgan 's work includes collaborations with Keith Urban , Nicole Scherzinger , Pitbull , Akon and others .

neg: Friday Night Lights (mixtape) Friday Night Lights is the third official mixtape from Fayetteville , North Carolina rapper J. Cole . It was released on November 12 , 2010 . The mixtape was to originally be called Villematic and contain J. Cole 's previous leaks and freestyles , however , Cole later stated it would have original material . The mixtape became the second most searched and trending topics on Google and Twitter respectively following its release . Most songs on the mixtape were slated to be on his debut album at one point or another . The mixtape has been viewed over 4,470,000 times , streamed over 1,280,000 times , and downloaded over 1,700,000 times on mixtape site DatPiff . On June 26 , 2013 Cole announced that he would be re-releasing The Warm Up and Friday Night Lights for retail sale , in order to give them the push they deserved .

neg: Trouble (Bei Maejor song) `` Trouble '' is a song by American singer-songwriter and record producer Bei Maejor . The song , released on August 12 , 2011 , as a digital download , serves as his debut single and the lead single from his upcoming debut studio album . The song features American rapper J. Cole and was produced by Maejor himself .

neg: Eric Bellinger Eric Bellinger , Jr. ( born March 28 , 1986 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and engineer . His co-writing credits include Lem me See ft. Rick Ross ( 2012 ) for Usher , New Flame for Chris Brown ( 2014 ) , You Do n't Know ( 2016 ) for Tank , Right Here ( 2012 ) ft. Drake for Justin Bieber , and Disrespectful ft. Mila J ( 2012 ) for Trey Songz . He 's released 9 projects since 2013 , including Born II Sing Vol . 1 , Born II Sing Vol . 2 , Born II Sing Vol . 3 , The Rebirth , Cuffing Season , Cuffing Season Part 2 , Eventually , Eric B for President : Term 1 , and Eric B for President : Term 1 ( Acoustic ) .

neg: Forest Hills Drive: Live Forest Hills Drive : Live is the first live album by American hip hop recording artist J. Cole . It was released on January 28 , 2016 coinciding with Cole 's 31st birthday , and recorded on August 30 , 2015 live in Fayetteville , North Carolina .

neg: John Benitez John Benitez ( born November 7 , 1957 ) , also known as Jellybean , is an American drummer , guitarist , songwriter , DJ , remixer and music producer of Puerto Rican descent . He has produced and remixed artists such as Madonna , Whitney Houston , Michael Jackson and the Pointer Sisters . In December 2016 , Billboard magazine ranked him as the 99th most successful dance artist of all-time .

neg: Syn Cole Rene Pais ( born 1988 ) , better known by his stage name Syn Cole is an Estonian DJ and producer .

neg: Lloyd Cole Lloyd Cole ( born 31 January 1961 ) is an English singer and songwriter , known for his role as lead singer of Lloyd Cole and the Commotions from 1984 to 1989 , and for his subsequent solo work .

neg: J. Cole discography American hip hop recording artist J. Cole has released four studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two extended plays , three mixtapes , sixteen singles ( including nine as a featured artist ) , two promotional singles and twenty music videos . J. Cole first took up rapping in his teens , collaborating with the local Fayetteville hip hop duo Bomm Sheltuh . The Come Up , his debut mixtape , was released on May 4 , 2007 to positive reception . Following the release of The Come Up , J. Cole was contacted by American rapper Jay Z and subsequently signed to his record label Roc Nation . Cole released his second mixtape The Warm Up on June 15 , 2009 . `` Lights Please '' , the first single from The Warm Up , peaked at number nine on the United States Billboard Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles chart and became Cole 's first entry on a national record chart . He was later featured on `` All I Want Is You '' , a 2010 single by American R&B singer Miguel -- it peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . J. Cole 's third mixtape Friday Night Lights was released on November 12 , 2010 .   J. Cole released his debut studio album Cole World : The Sideline Story on September 27 , 2011 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 218,000 copies . The album 's lead single `` Work Out '' peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts . Cole World : The Sideline Story was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , while `` Work Out '' was certified two times platinum . Two more singles were released from the album : `` Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Nobody 's Perfect '' , which peaked at numbers 52 and 61 respectively on the Hot 100 . J. Cole 's second studio album Born Sinner was released on June 18 , 2013 . Its lead single , `` Power Trip '' , peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA . On December 9 , 2014 , he released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive . The album was supported by four singles : `` Apparently '' , `` Wet Dreamz '' , `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Love Yourz '' . The album also went on to sell 353,000 copies in its first week , and became the first rap album in 25 years to be certified platinum in the US with no guest appearances . The songs `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Wet Dreamz '' later received a platinum certification from the RIAA . In addition to his fourth album , Cole released three singles in 2016 : `` Love Yourz '' , `` Everybody Dies '' , and `` False Prophets '' . His album 4 Your Eyez Only was released on the second anniversary of 2014 Forest Hill Drive . 4 Your Eyez Only was certified gold before it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , despite having no singles upon release . `` Deja Vu '' was later given a single release after peaking at number 7 on the Hot 100 .

neg: Kat Cole Katrina `` Kat '' Cole ( born March 18 , 1978 ) is an American businesswoman . She currently is the Group President of Focus Brands and Chief Operations Officer of its subsidiary Cinnabon , an American chain of retail bakeries specializing in cinnamon buns . She is a former executive vice president of Hooters .

neg: Union J discography The discography of English boy band Union J consists of two studio albums , five singles and six music videos . Union J first announced that they had signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment at a performance in Cardiff , Wales on 15 December 2012 . Their debut single `` Carry You '' was recorded in London in January 2013 and was released in June 2013 , charting at number six in the United Kingdom . On 28 January , it was confirmed that the subsidiary label that Union J had signed with was RCA Records . In June 2013 , it was announced that the band would embark on their first UK headline tour , the Magazines and TV Screens Tour , which consists of 18 dates in December 2013 and January 2014 . Their second single , `` Beautiful Life '' , was released on 21 October and debuted at number 8 . The following week saw the release of their self-titled debut album , Union J. On 5 November 2013 , they announced that their third single would be `` Loving You Is Easy '' .   In 2014 , Union J left RCA and signed with Epic Records . `` Tonight ( We Live Forever ) '' , the lead single from their second album , was released on 17 August 2014 . This was followed up by `` You Got It All '' , written by Magic ! 's Nasri , released in November 2014 . Whilst the most purchased single of the week , it was kept off number one by Ed Sheeran 's `` Thinking Out Loud '' due to audio streaming . Their second album , You Got It All -- The Album , reached number 28 on the UK Albums Chart .

neg: Saleh J Saleh J , prominent Tanzanian hip hop pioneer , was born in Dar es Salaam as Saleh Jaber .   Heavily influenced by the early 1980s rap artists such as LL Cool J and Big Daddy Kane , Jaber began to go by the name of Saleh J . He gained popularity after competing in the popular Tanzanian rap battle TV show , Yo Rap Bonanza . After winning this competition , Saleh J came out with an album which he says was `` done in one day and just hours at continental hotel '' and was just `` distributed to all Indian shop owners . '' In 1992 , Saleh J came out with what is considered his most commercially successful hit -- `` Ice Ice Baby - King of Swahili Rap '' by putting Swahili lyrics to the tune and rhythm of Vanilla Ice 's 1990s hit `` Ice Ice Baby '' .   He left the country of Tanzania soon after to relocate in the United Arab Emirates and by 2003 he had moved to the United Kingdom , where he currently resides .   As Saleh J gained popularity and fame within the young Tanzanian population , he began to compete against other popular Swahili hip hop artists such as Eazy-B and Nigga One . These associations opened many doors for Saleh J , as both these rappers had relationships with a prominent competition in Tanzania , Yo Rap Bonanza , an annual rap battle contest organized and sponsored by local Indian vendors in the marketplace of Dar es Salaam . The YRB contest was not only especially helpful to Saleh J , but also to other Tanzanian hip hop artists , as it included artists from outside the Dar es Salaam region . This integration of other towns and people signified the spread of the hip hop movement throughout Tanzania , indicating a successful career for Saleh J.   Most rappers would rap in English ; however , Saleh J was considered innovative as he created a new style by translating the English rhythms into a rough form of Swahili .   As Saleh J was successful in the late 1980s to early 1990s , today he is considered to be `` old school '' by many Tanzanian hip hop followers , just as Run DMC is considered old school by young American hip hop fans . Today , many new hip hop artists are known to have been inspired by the early Tanzanian hip hop artists who dared to create a new genre of music , Saleh J being one of the most influential artists in Tanzania . Among the popular Tanzanian hip hop artists today are Professor Jay , Juma Nature , Fid Q , and internationally X Plastaz .


query: Chris Pratt had a starring role in the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park franchise.

pos: Chris Pratt Christopher Michael Pratt ( born June 21 , 1979 ) is an American actor . Pratt came to prominence with his television roles , including Bright Abbott in The WB drama series Everwood and Andy Dwyer in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation . His early film career began with supporting roles in such mainstream films as Wanted , Jennifer 's Body , Moneyball , The Five-Year Engagement , Zero Dark Thirty , Delivery Man and Her .   Pratt achieved leading man status after starring in two commercially successful films in 2014 : computer-animated adventure comedy The Lego Movie and Marvel Studios superhero film Guardians of the Galaxy ( in which he portrayed Star-Lord ) . In 2015 , he starred in Jurassic World , the fourth installment in the Jurassic Park franchise and his most financially successful film to date , earning $ 1.6 billion at the box office . Later that year , Time named Pratt one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list .   Pratt continued his leading man status with The Magnificent Seven and Passengers . He reprised his role as Star-Lord in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 , and will play the character again in Avengers : Infinity War and an untitled fourth Avengers film .

neg: Kung Fu Panda 2 Kung Fu Panda 2 is a 2011 3D American computer-animated comedy-drama martial arts film , directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson , produced by DreamWorks Animation , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2008 film Kung Fu Panda and the second installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise .   Jack Black , Angelina Jolie , Dustin Hoffman , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , James Hong , and Jackie Chan reprise their character roles from the original film . They are joined by Gary Oldman , Michelle Yeoh and Danny McBride . In the film , Po and the Furious Five battle an evil peacock named Lord Shen who has a powerful weapon that he plans to conquer China with . However Po discovers a terrifying secret about his past in the process .   The film was released in theatres May 26 , 2011 in Real D 3D and Digital 3D . Kung Fu Panda 2 grossed $ 665 million worldwide against its $ 150 million budget . The film was the highest-grossing animated feature film of the year and was nominated for the 2011 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards .   A sequel , titled Kung Fu Panda 3 , and directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni , was released on January 29 , 2016 .

neg: Bonnie Curtis Bonnie Kathleen Curtis ( born March 26 , 1966 ) is an American film producer whose credits include Saving Private Ryan , A.I. , Minority Report , and The Lost World : Jurassic Park , directed by Steven Spielberg . Her first solo project was the 2005 release The Chumscrubber . She then joined Mockingbird Pictures with partner Julie Lynn in 2011 . Curtis and Lynn produced Albert Nobbs , which was nominated for three Academy Awards . Curtis is a co-recipient of the 1999 Producers Guild Award for Motion Picture Producer of the Year , for Saving Private Ryan . On March 12 , 2015 , Curtis was inducted into the Texas Film Hall of Fame . Spielberg congratulated her via video message during the ceremony .

neg: Saw V Saw is a 2008 Canadian-American horror film directed by David Hackl and written by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan and stars Tobin Bell , Costas Mandylor , Scott Patterson , Betsy Russell , Mark Rolston , Julie Benz , Carlo Rota , and Meagan Good . It is the fifth installment of the Saw franchise , and was released on October 23 , 2008 in Australia and October 24 , 2008 in North America .   David Hackl , who served as the production designer of Saw , Saw , and Saw IV , and second-unit director for Saw and Saw IV made his directorial debut with Saw . Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan , the writers of the previous film , returned to write the film . Charlie Clouser , who provided the score for all previous Saw films , also returned to compose the score for the film . Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell served as executive producers .   The film focuses primarily on the events that led up to Detective Mark Hoffman becoming an apprentice of the Jigsaw Killer , as well as his efforts to prevent anyone else from learning his secret .

neg: Paranoid Park (film) Paranoid Park is a 2007 American-French drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant . The film is based on the novel of the same name by Blake Nelson and takes place in Portland , Oregon . It stars Gabe Nevins as a teenage skateboarder who accidentally kills a security guard .   Van Sant wrote the draft script in two days after reading and deciding to adapt Nelson 's novel . To cast the film 's youths , Van Sant posted an open casting call on social networking website MySpace inviting teenagers to audition for speaking roles , as well as experienced skateboarders to act as extras . Filming began in October 2006 and took place at various locations in and around Portland . Scenes at the fictional Eastside Skatepark were filmed at Burnside Skatepark which was , like Eastside , built illegally by skateboarders .   Paranoid Park premiered on May 21 , at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival and was given a limited release on March 7 , 2008 . It grossed over US$ 4,481,000 from its $ 3 million budget . The film received mostly positive reviews ; some critics praised the direction and cinematography in particular , though others believed the film to be overly stylized and slow paced . It won one Independent Spirit Award , two Boston Society of Film Critics awards and the Cannes Film Festival 's special 60th anniversary prize .

neg: Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs is a 2009 American computer animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios . It is the third installment in the Ice Age series and the sequel to Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) . It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier . Ray Romano , John Leguizamo , Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the first two films , with Simon Pegg joining them in the role of a weasel named Buck . The story has Sid being taken by a female Tyrannosaurus after stealing her eggs , leading the rest of the herd to rescue him in a tropical lost world inhabited by dinosaurs beneath the ice .   The film was released on July 1 , 2009 by 20th Century Fox . It was the first Ice Age film and the first 20th Century Fox 's film to be released in 3D . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , it ranked at the time as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time , earning $ 886.7 million worldwide . A sequel , titled Ice Age : Continental Drift , was released in 2012 , and another film , titled Ice Age : Collision Course , was released in 2016 .

neg: Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them .   The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film .   All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 .   The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .

neg: Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues Jurassic Park 2 : The Chaos Continues ( also known as Jurassic Park Part 2 : The Chaos Continues ) is a 1995 video game and a non-canonical continuation of the Jurassic Park series , developed and published by Ocean Software for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( SNES ) .   Jurassic Park 2 : The Chaos Continues was originally scheduled for release in December 1994 , but was ultimately released in January 1995 . A Game Boy version , with a different storyline , was released in February 1995 .

neg: The Croods The Croods is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox . It stars the voices of Nicolas Cage , Emma Stone , Ryan Reynolds , Catherine Keener , Clark Duke , and Cloris Leachman . The film is set in a fictional prehistoric Pliocene era known as `` The Croodaceous '' ( a prehistoric period which contains fictional prehistoric creatures ) when a caveman 's position as a `` Leader of the Hunt '' is threatened by the arrival of a prehistoric genius who comes up with revolutionary new inventions as they trek through a dangerous but exotic land in search of a new home .   The Croods was written and directed by Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders , and produced by Kristine Belson and Jane Hartwell . The film premiered at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on February 15 , 2013 , and was released in the United States on March 22 , 2013 . As part of the distribution deal , this is the first film from DreamWorks Animation to be distributed by 20th Century Fox , since the end of their distribution deal with Paramount Pictures .   The Croods received generally positive reviews , and proved to be a box office success , earning more than $ 587 million on a budget of $ 135 million . The film launched a new franchise , with a television series , Dawn of the Croods , which debuted on December 24 , 2015 , on Netflix . A sequel was announced for a 2018 release , but was later cancelled .

neg: Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves .   Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas .   Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .

neg: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a film series based on the comic book characters of the same name created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird . The first film in the series , titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , was released in 1990 at the height of the franchise 's popularity and was a commercial success . The success of the film garnered two direct sequels , respectively released in 1991 and 1993 , and a CGI animated film in 2007 billed as TMNT building on the success of the 2003 -- 09 TV series . The series was rebooted in a new film made by Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , released on August 8 , 2014 . The sequel was released on June 3 , 2016 .

neg: It Hits the Fan `` It Hits the Fan '' is the first episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 66th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 20 , 2001 . In the episode , the word `` shit '' is said uncensored on television on the crime show Cop Drama . After this , everyone starts saying `` shit '' over and over , which eventually brings over a mysterious plague that unleashes the ancient Knights of Standards and Practices , and only Chef and the boys can save the world .   The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-LV in the United States . Throughout the episode , the profanity `` shit '' or `` shitty '' are exclaimed uncensored a total of 162 separate times ; in syndicated or re-aired versions of this episode , a counter in the bottom left corner of the screen counts the number of times the word has been uttered . The written occurrences are not counted , but `` shit '' is written 38 times , which puts the `` shit `` s up to an even 200 . `` Shit '' is uttered roughly once every eight seconds ; one such count includes the episode 's theme song in the calculation .

neg: Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities .   On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .

neg: Tremors 4: The Legend Begins Tremors 4 : The Legend Begins ( previously known as Tremors : Original Showdown and also known as Tremors 4 or Tremors : The Legend Begins ) is a 2004 direct-to-video western monster film directed by S. S. Wilson and written by Brent Maddock , Nancy Roberts , and Wilson . It is the fourth film in the Tremors series of films and released on DVD on January 2 , 2004 . As a prequel to the earlier films and television series , it depicts the town of Rejection , which is the location that would later be renamed Perfection , the main setting for the first Tremors film . It stars Michael Gross as Hiram Gummer , the great grandfather of the character Burt Gummer , whom Gross portrayed in every other Tremors film .

neg: South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park .   The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date .   The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates .   The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .

neg: The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .

neg: Chris Phillips (voice actor) Chris Phillips ( born February 26 , 1958 ) is an American voice actor , songwriter , singer , and producer . He is known for his roles in Rockstar games such as Marty Chonks and El Burro in Grand Theft Auto III and his role as Alex Balder , Mercenary and Killer Suit in Max Payne . He is also well known for his roles in Atari games Such as Nolaloth , Thunderbelly , Lorne Starling , Koraboros and Prison Leader in Neverwinter Nights 2 and Crowley in Alone in the Dark .

neg: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government .   The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast .   Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a 2005 British stop-motion animated comedy action film produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation . United International Pictures distributed the film in the United Kingdom , and it was the last DreamWorks animated film to be distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States . It was directed by Nick Park and Steve Box as the second feature-length film by Aardman after Chicken Run ( 2000 ) .   The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is based on the Wallace and Gromit short film series , created by Park . The film follows eccentric inventor Wallace ( voiced by Peter Sallis ) and his mute and intelligent dog , Gromit , as they come to the rescue of the residents of a village which is being plagued by a mutant rabbit before an annual vegetable competition .   The film introduces a number of new characters , and features a voice cast including Helena Bonham Carter and Ralph Fiennes . It was a critical and commercial success , and won a number of film awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , making it the second film from DreamWorks Animation to win ( after Shrek ) , as well as both the second non American animated film and second non computer animated film to have received this achievement ( after Spirited Away ) . It is also the only stop motion film to win the award .

neg: Carnosaur (film) Carnosaur is a 1993 American science fiction horror film written and directed by Adam Simon . The film stars Diane Ladd , Raphael Sbarge , Jennifer Runyon , and Harrison Page . The film 's plot revolves around a mad scientist who plans to recreate dinosaurs and destroy humanity . The film is loosely based on the 1984 novel Carnosaur by John Brosnan ( under the pseudonym of Harry Adam Knight ) . The book and film have little in common , with the exception of the villain 's same basic motive , and the explicit gore and violence . It was the only film based on a Brosnan novel to be produced in America .   The film was released to theaters on May 21 , 1993 by Concorde Films , just four weeks before the larger-scale blockbuster Jurassic Park . As a result , Carnosaur may be considered a `` mockbuster '' . Diane Ladd 's daughter Laura Dern was one of the stars of Jurassic Park . The film was a financial success , grossing $ 1,753,979 at the box office on a budget of $ 850,000 . Critical reception was poor however , with film critic Roger Ebert naming it the worst movie of 1993 .   The film 's financial success spawned two official sequels , Carnosaur 2 in 1995 and Carnosaur 3 : Primal Species in 1996 . The second film fared poorly at the box office and the remainders were released direct-to-video . Stock footage from the first three films was used in the spin-offs Raptor and The Eden Formula .