query: Prisoner is Canadian.

pos: Prisoner (TV series) Prisoner is an Australian soap opera set in the Wentworth Detention Centre , a fictional women 's prison . In the United States and United Kingdom it was known as Prisoner : Cell Block H , with the same title and Caged Women in Canada . The series , produced by the Reg Grundy Organisation , aired on Network Ten for 692 episodes between 27 February 1979 and 11 December 1986 . Originally , it was planned as a 16-part series .   The show was inspired by the British television drama Within These Walls , which was moderately successful in Australia . Due to an injunction requested by UK-based ATV , which considered the title too similar to their The Prisoner , overseas broadcasters had to change the series ' name . In March 2012 it was announced that Prisoner would be `` reimagined '' on Foxtel in a new version , Wentworth .

neg: British Columbia Court of Appeal The British Columbia Court of Appeal ( BCCA ) is the highest appellate court in the province of British Columbia , Canada . It was established in 1910 following the 1907 Court of Appeal Act .   The BCCA hears appeals from the Supreme Court of British Columbia and a number of boards and tribunals . The BCCA also hears criminal appeals from the Provincial Court of British Columbia where the proceedings in that court were by indictment . It will hear summary conviction appeals from the Supreme Court on criminal matters that originated in the Provincial Court . Statute restricts appeals on civil matters from the Provincial Court ( Small Claims ) to the Supreme Court . However , some Provincial Court civil matters may come before the BCCA on very narrow matters having to do with questions of administrative law or other unusual circumstances .   The BCCA consists of 22 justices ( including a Chief Justice ) , ten of whom are supernumerary . All justices of the BCCA ( including the position of Chief Justice ) are appointed by the federal government . The central registry for the BCCA is in Vancouver , where the BCCA holds most of its sittings . The BCCA also occasionally hears cases in Victoria , Kelowna , and Kamloops . The judges for the Court also double as judges for the Yukon Court of Appeal . Cases from Yukon are heard in both Vancouver and in Whitehorse .   A full division of the court consists of five justices ; however , most cases are heard by a division of three justices . A single justice will preside over matters heard in '' chambers '' , usually Interlocutory matters or applications for leave to appeal .   Unlike in Ontario where a sitting of the Court of Appeal is referred to as a `` panel '' , in the BCCA a sitting of the Court is referred to as a `` division '' .   Counsel appearing in the BCCA are required to `` gown '' . This court dress is identical to that worn in the Supreme Court of British Columbia , and consists of a white wing collar with bands , along with a black bar jacket and black gown ( some counsel will wear a black waistcoat and suit rather than a bar jacket ) . Male barristers will generally wear black or striped trousers , with female barristers wearing either trousers or a skirt . Queen 's Counsel wear a more elaborate bar jacket as well as a silk gown . Court dress is not required for matters heard in Chambers , wherein standard business dress can be worn by both counsel and the sitting justice .   When the court moved from its previous location ( what is now the Vancouver Art Gallery ) , one of the old courtrooms was reconstructed in the present Arthur Erickson designed Vancouver Law Courts . When in session , a division of the court will often preside in this Heritage Courtroom .   All courts in the Province of British Columbia display the Arms of Her Majesty in Right of the United Kingdom , as a symbol of its judiciary .

neg: Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons The Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons ( IWG-TIP ) was the body responsible for the development of public policy related to human trafficking in Canada until the organization was replaced by the Human Trafficking Taskforce in June 2012 . The IWG-TIP was established in 1999 and was co-chaired by the Department of Foreign Affairs , Trade and Development and the Department of Justice . Seventeen agencies and departments of the Government of Canada participated in the working group . The group produced a pamphlet in 14 languages with the intention of educating at-risk women about how they might avoid being trafficked . This pamphlet was distributed internationally . The IWG-TIP promoted the idea that victims of human trafficking should be primarily served by community organizations . In 2004 , the IWG-TIP was mandated to create a national anti-human-trafficking plan , and both politicians and non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) proceeded to remind the IWG-TIP of this unfulfilled mandate for the following eight years . The IWG-TIP continued to promise to establish such a plan throughout these years . On March 31 , 2004 , the IWG-TIP website was updated to state that it was having a meeting with academics and NGOs `` to discuss various elements of a potential federal anti-trafficking strategy , '' but no more updates were made to the website over the following four years .

neg: Les Ordres Orders ( original title : Les Ordres , known in the United States as : Orderers ) is a 1974 Quebec historical drama film about the incarceration of innocent civilians during the 1970 October Crisis and the War Measures Act enacted by the Canadian government of Pierre Trudeau . It is the second film by director Michel Brault . It features entertainer and Senator Jean Lapointe .   The film tells the story of five of those incarcerated civilians . It is scripted but is inspired by a number of interviews with actual prisoners made during the events and its style is heavily inspired by the Quebec school of Cinéma vérité . It is a docufiction .   It shared a Cannes Film Festival Award in 1975 and four Canadian Film Awards ( predecessor of the Genie Awards ) the same year . It was also selected as the Canadian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 48th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . The film was selected to be screened in the Cannes Classics section of the 2015 Cannes Film Festival .

neg: Kidnapping in Canada Kidnapping is a crime in Canada . Throughout its history , a number of incidents have taken place .

neg: Federal prison A federal prison is operated under the jurisdiction of a federal government as opposed to a state or provincial body . Federal prisons are used for convicts who violated federal law ( U.S. , Mexico ) , inmates considered dangerous ( Brazil ) , or those sentenced to longer terms of imprisonment ( Canada ) . Not all federated countries have a legal concept of `` federal prison '' .

neg: Cell 213 Cell 213 is a 2011 Canadian horror film starring Bruce Greenwood , Eric Balfour , and Michael Rooker .

neg: Clerk of the Privy Council (Canada) The Clerk of the Privy Council ( Greffier du Conseil privé ) is the senior civil servant in the Canadian government . The Title and Office is in fact `` Clerk of the Privy Council and the Secretary to the Cabinet '' . The Clerk is appointed by the Queen 's representative in Canada , the Governor General , on the advice of the Prime Minister .   The Clerk of the Privy Council operates as the deputy minister to the Prime Minister of Canada and provides impartial advice to the Prime Minister and is in charge of the Privy Council Office . As Secretary to the Cabinet , the Clerk of the Privy Council provides impartial advice to the Ministry and oversees the advice and policy support given to Cabinet and its committees . As Head of the Public Service , the Clerk is responsible for other deputy ministers and the provision of non-partisan , expert advice to the government as a whole .

neg: Alex Hilton Alex Hilton is a retired Canadian boxer from a famous boxing family in Montreal . Son of Dave Hilton , Sr. and a former Canadian middleweight champion , he is also known for his multiple encounters with the law .   Hilton won the vacant Canadian middleweight title at age 18 in December 1983 , defeating Ralph Hollett of Halifax . He was stripped of the title by the Canadian Professional Boxing Federation in January 1985 , after failing to meet a deadline to defend his championship against Michael Olajide Jr. . He announced his retirement in 2004 .   Described as the `` enfant terrible '' of his family in a 1986 Toronto Star article , Hilton was arrested several times on various charges during the mid-1980s . He received a five-year sentence in 1988 for ordering the sexual assault of another inmate while serving time for a separate offense . He later expressed regret for this period in his life , and said in a 2002 interview that he was `` trying to live on the straight and narrow '' . Nevertheless , his legal problems continued in later years . He assaulted his brother-in-law after Alex 's separation with his ex-wife and 2 daughters and he was sentenced to six months in prison in late 2007 for assaulting and threatening a police officer and for breach of probation .

neg: Prisoner suicide Prisoner suicide is suicide by an inmate in a prison . Prisons in the United Kingdom had a sharp rise in suicides between 1972 and 1987 , with hanging being the most common suicide method . A study found that 47 % of the deaths in Finnish prisons were suicides . Large percentages of those who commit suicide in prison do so after having recently received mental health services . The suicide rate in U.S. federal prisons is lower than the average suicide rate among the general population . Pretrial detainees tend to have higher rates of suicide than other inmates , and suicides occur most commonly in isolation cells . The most common time for suicides to occur is in the early morning hours . Suicidal inmates are sometimes put on suicide watch . In the United States , liability can arise if jail and prison officials demonstrate deliberate indifference toward a prisoner 's suicidal tendencies , as suicidal inmates are regarded as being in need of medical care .

neg: Sentencing in England and Wales Sentencing in England and Wales refers to a bench of magistrates or district judge in a Magistrate 's Court or a judge in a Crown Court passing sentence on a person found guilty of a criminal offence . In deciding the sentence , the court will take into account a number of factors : the type of offence and how serious it is , the timing of any plea of guilty , the defendant 's character and antecedents , including his/her criminal record and the defendant 's personal circumstances such as their financial circumstances in the case of a fine being imposed .   In England and Wales , the types of sentence that may be imposed for a particular offence are specified by statute . There are four main types of sentence : discharges , fines , community sentences and custodial ( or prison ) sentences . If a court convicts a defendant but decides not to impose any punishment , he/she is discharged conditionally or absolutely . Discharges may be ordered for any offence where the penalty is not fixed by law , although in practice they are used in the least serious offences . Fines are the most common sentence , with the maximum fine in the magistrates ' court being # 5,000 for each offence .   For offences considered to be `` serious enough '' , a range of community sentences is available to the court . Community sentences place ` requirements ' on the offender - things they must do , or not do , in the community . Requirements can include : doing unpaid work , getting treatment for an addiction ( for example drugs ) , or preventing a defendant from going to a specific place or area . For those offences considered so serious that a non custodial sentence can not be justified , a prison sentence may be imposed , either immediate or suspended . The maximum prison sentence in the magistrates ' court is six months ( which may be imposed consecutively up to 12 months for two triable either-way offences ) . There is also a range of ancillary sentences available to the courts , such as compensation orders , costs , restraining orders and disqualification orders , depending on the type of offence .   For the most serious offences such as murder , the sentence is fixed as life . Some offences carry minimum sentences , for example , certain firearms offences , `` three strikes and you 're out '' burglaries , using someone to mind a weapon , or those committed by dangerous offenders . There are different sentencing provisions for offenders aged ten to seventeen years old , and some modified provisions for those in the 18-20 age range .

neg: Prisoner of the Mountains Prisoner of the Mountains ( Кавказский пленник , Kavkazskiy plennik ) , also known as Prisoner of the Caucasus , is a 1996 Russian war drama film directed by Sergei Bodrov and written by Bodrov , Arif Aliyev and Boris Giller . The film is based on the Caucasian War-era short story `` The Prisoner in the Caucasus '' by the classic Russian writer Leo Tolstoy .   Prisoner of the Mountains was awarded a Crystal Globe at the 1996 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival , and the same year was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ( Russia ) and a Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film ( Russia ) . It also received rave critic reviews .   This film illustrates the conflicting views between traditional Chechen culture and Russian warfare through the use of soundtrack , costuming , and arms . The personal confrontation between two Russian soldiers and their Chechen captors is the main theme of the film , which was shot in the mountains of Dagestan ( mostly in the aul of Ritcha , whose inhabitants are mentioned in the film 's credits ) , a short distance away from the then-ongoing First Chechen War .

neg: Metropolitan Correctional Center, New York The Metropolitan Correctional Center , New York ( MCC New York ) is a United States federal administrative prison in Manhattan , New York which holds male and female prisoners of all security levels . It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons , a division of the United States Department of Justice .   Most prisoners held at MCC New York have pending cases in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York . MCC New York also holds prisoners serving brief sentences .   The Los Angeles Times stated that the prison is often referred to as the `` Guantanamo of New York '' , and The New York Times stated that its administrative segregation units had severe security measures .

neg: Crossroads Correctional Center '' for the private prison in Montana , see Crossroads Correctional Facility   Crossroads Correctional Center ( CRCC ) is a Missouri Department of Corrections state prison for men located in Cameron , DeKalb County , Missouri , United States . ( The town of Cameron straddles DeKalb and Clinton Counties . ) According to the official Official Manual State of Missouri the facility has a capacity of 1440 maximum security prisoners .   The facility opened in 1997 and is immediately adjacent to the Western Missouri Correctional Center , which opened in 1988 . Crossroads was the first Missouri prison to install a perimeter electric fence with a lethal charge .   Among the inmates of Crossroads are the kidnapper Michael J. Devlin from Kirkwood , Missouri , serving three life sentences , and the serial killer Lorenzo Gilyard .

neg: Kidnap Capital Kidnap Capital is a Canadian crime drama film , to be released on June 6th , 2017 . The directorial debut of Felipe Rodriguez , the film centres on a group of undocumented migrants who have been kidnapped by a Phoenix street gang and are being held for ransom in a drop house in Arizona .   The film 's cast includes Paulino Nunes , Johnathan Sousa , Michael Reventar , Michelle Arvizu and Pedro Miguel Arce .   The film was a finalist for Best Picture and Best Director at the 2016 Imagen Awards . It won several awards on the festival circuit , including the `` Chairman 's Award '' at the San Diego Film Festival , `` Best Non-European Film '' at ECU the European Independent Film Festival in Paris , the `` Jury 's Special Mention '' at the BOGOCINE Bogota Film Festival , and many others .   At the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017 , Reventar was a nominee for Best Supporting Actor .

neg: Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .

neg: Imprisonment for public protection In England and Wales , the imprisonment for public protection ( IPP ) sentence was a form of indeterminate sentence introduced by s. 225 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 ( with effect from 2005 ) and abolished in 2012 . It was intended to protect the public against criminals whose crimes were not serious enough to merit a normal life sentence but who were regarded as too dangerous to be released when the term of their original sentence had expired . It is composed of a punitive `` tariff '' intended to be proportionate to the gravity of the crime committed and an indeterminate period which commences after the expiration of the tariff and lasts until the Parole Board judges the prisoner no longer poses a risk to the public and is fit to be released . The equivalent for under-18s was called detention for public protection , introduced by s. 226 of the 2003 Act . The sentences came into effect on 4 April 2005 .   Although there is no limit to how long prisoners can be detained under IPPs , and some may never be released , they may be released on review ; an IPP sentence is not a sentence of life imprisonment with a whole-life tariff .   In 2007 the Queen 's Bench Division of the High Court ruled that the continued incarceration of prisoners serving IPPs after tariff expiry where the prisons lack the facilities and courses required to assess their suitability for release was unlawful , bringing up concern that many dangerous offenders would be freed . In 2010 a joint report by the chief inspectors of prisons and probation concluded that IPP sentences were unsustainable with UK prison overcrowding .   In 2012 the IPP sentence for new cases was abolished by the Legal Aid , Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act , although over 6,000 prison inmates remained imprisoned for public protection ; over 4,600 remained . Three-quarters of them had completed their minimum term , and about 400 had served five times the minimum . The government 's policy was that IPP prisoners should remain in prison until it is deemed that the risks they pose if released are manageable .

neg: Toronto Central Prison The Toronto Central Prison , also known as the Central Prison , Central Prison for Men , and more colloquially as The Toronto Jail ( the third of four Toronto area jails to be given that nickname ) was a prison in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It was a 336-bed facility located near the intersection of King Street and Strachan Avenue . It opened in 1873 , when the area was still well away from any residential development . The prison was intended as an industrial facility and began with the manufacturing of railway cars for the Canada Car Company . Hard work and discipline were considered the best forms of rehabilitation and active industry would raise money for the prison .   The prison should have flourished as an example of modern penal facility of its time , but by the 1880s it had a well-deserved reputation for brutality . Its first warden , William Stratton Prince , was an alcoholic ex-military officer who resigned as chief of the Toronto Police to take the position . During his tenure he was accused of ordering extreme beatings , denying medical treatment and supporting clandestine , nighttime burials . Wardens that followed tried to adopt a less disciplinarian approach but the guards continued to brutalize the inmates . In 1911 , Dr. J.T. Gilmour , one of the more reformist wardens , made news in the United States with his new outdoor work program , specifically one that allowed inmates to work without armed guards . Dr. Gilmour 's reforms were not enough to overcome the prison 's reputation . In 1915 , the prison was abandoned as changing attitudes toward crime and punishment led to a revamping of the province 's correctional system and replaced by the Ontario Reformatory in Guelph . For the next five years , the facility was used as an army base and a processing centre for new immigrants .   In 1920 , the main prison building was demolished and much of the land sold for use by the railroads . Remaining buildings ended up being used by Hobb 's , Dr. Ballard 's , and finally by the neighbouring John Inglis and Company Limited factory until 1981 . During its operation the prison also had an out-camp with a shale and clay quarry on property in Mimico . That property and its buildings became part of what is now known as the Mimico Correctional Centre when the prison closed .   All that remains today is the Central Prison 's Roman Catholic chapel on East Liberty Street ( added to the main building in 1877 ) and a wall of the prison 's paint shop . The chapel became part of the city 's inventory of heritage properties in 1985 . The wall is now part of the east wall of the A. R. Williams Company Liberty Storage Warehouse on Lynn Williams Street . The Williams company purchased the paint shop property after the closure of the prison and demolished the building . The Williams warehouse is itself now a listed heritage property .

neg: Canada v Schmidt Canada v Schmidt , -LSB- 1987 -RSB- 1 S.C.R. 500 , is a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada on the applicability of fundamental justice under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on extradition . While fundamental justice in Canada included a variety of legal protections , the Court found that in considering the punishments one might face when extradited to another country , only those that `` shock the conscience '' would breach fundamental justice .

neg: Forced confession A forced confession is a confession obtained by a suspect or a prisoner under means of torture ( including enhanced interrogation techniques ) or other forms of duress . Depending on the level of coercion used , a forced confession is not valid in revealing the truth . The person being interrogated may agree to the story presented to him or even make up falsehoods himself in order to satisfy the interrogator and discontinue his suffering .   For centuries the Latin phrase `` Confessio est regina probationum '' ( In English : Confession is the Queen of evidence ) justified the use of forced confession in the European legal system . When especially during the Middle Ages acquiring a confession was the most important thing during preparations before a trial , than the method used to get the confession seemed irrelevant , de facto sanctioning the use of torture to extract forced confession .   By the late 18th century , most scholars and lawyers thought of the forced confession not only as a relic of past times and morally wrong but also ineffective as the victim of torture may confess to anything just to ease his suffering .   Developments in the 20th century , notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , greatly reduced the legal acceptance of forced confessions . However , for most of legal history they have been accepted in most of the world , and are still accepted in some jurisdictions .

neg: Ronald Allen Smith Ronald Allen Smith ( born September 7 , 1957 ) is a Canadian man who was sentenced to death in Montana for murdering two people . As of 2011 , Smith is one of two prisoners on Montana 's death row ( the other is William Gollehon ) . Judge Jeffrey Sherlock granted Smith a stay of execution so his civil lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of lethal injection could be decided .


query: Kurt Russell became the studio's top star.

pos: Kurt Russell Kurt Vogel Russell ( born March 17 , 1951 ) is an American actor . He began acting on television in the western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters ( 1963 -- 64 ) . In the late 1960s , he signed a ten-year contract with The Walt Disney Company where , according to Robert Osborne , he became the studio 's top star of the 1970s .   Russell was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his performance in Silkwood ( 1983 ) . During the 1980s , he starred in several films by director John Carpenter , including anti-hero roles such as army hero-turned-robber Snake Plissken in the futuristic action film Escape from New York ( 1981 ) , and its sequel Escape from L.A. ( 1996 ) , Antarctic helicopter pilot R.J. MacReady in the horror film The Thing ( 1982 ) , and truck driver Jack Burton in the dark kung-fu comedy action film Big Trouble in Little China ( 1986 ) , all of which have since become cult films . He was nominated for an Emmy Award for the television film Elvis ( 1979 ) , also directed by Carpenter .   Russell starred in other films , including Overboard ( 1987 ) , Tombstone ( 1993 ) , Stargate ( 1994 ) , Death Proof ( 2007 ) , The Hateful Eight ( 2015 ) , and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 ( 2017 ) . He has joined The Fast and the Furious franchise since 2015 , having starred in Furious 7 and The Fate of the Furious .

neg: Russell House (Ottawa) The Russell House hotel was the most high-profile hotel in Ottawa , Canada for many decades .

neg: Randolph Scott George Randolph Scott ( January 23 , 1898 -- March 2 , 1987 ) was an American film actor whose career spanned from 1928 to 1962 . As a leading man for all but the first three years of his cinematic career , Scott appeared in a variety of genres , including social dramas , crime dramas , comedies , musicals ( albeit in non-singing and non-dancing roles ) , adventure tales , war films , and a few horror and fantasy films . However , his most enduring image is that of the tall-in-the-saddle Western hero . Out of his more than 100 film appearances over 60 were in Westerns ; thus , `` of all the major stars whose name was associated with the Western , Scott most closely identified with it . ''   Scott 's more than 30 years as a motion picture actor resulted in his working with many acclaimed screen directors , including Henry King , Rouben Mamoulian , Michael Curtiz , John Cromwell , King Vidor , Allan Dwan , Fritz Lang , and Sam Peckinpah . He also worked on multiple occasions with prominent directors : Henry Hathaway ( eight times ) , Ray Enright ( seven ) , Edwin L. Marin ( seven ) , André de Toth ( six ) , and most notably , his seven film collaborations with Budd Boetticher . Scott also worked with a diverse array of cinematic leading ladies , from Shirley Temple and Irene Dunne to Mae West and Marlene Dietrich .   Tall ( 6 ft 2 1/2 in ; 189 cm ) , lanky and handsome , Scott displayed an easygoing charm and courtly Southern drawl in his early films that helped offset his limitations as an actor , where he was frequently found to be stiff or `` lumbering '' . As he matured , however , Scott 's acting improved while his features became burnished and leathery , turning him into the ideal `` strong , silent '' type of stoic hero . The BFI Companion to the Western noted : In his earlier Westerns ... the Scott persona is debonair , easy-going , graceful , though with the necessary hint of steel . As he matures into his fifties his roles change . Increasingly Scott becomes the man who has seen it all , who has suffered pain , loss , and hardship , and who has now achieved ( but at what cost ? ) a stoic calm proof against vicissitude .   During the early 1950s , Scott was a consistent box-office draw . In the annual Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Polls , he ranked 10th in 1950 , seventh in 1951 , and 10th in both 1952 and 1953 . Scott also appeared in the Quigley 's Top Ten Money Makers Poll from 1950 to 1953 .

neg: Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio .   Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . ''   During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation .   Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''

neg: Russell Payne (author) Russell Payne is an English writer and artist , author of humour , science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels , weblogs , graphic novels , comics , and films . His notable works include Morris Telford - A Salopian Odyssey weblog for the BBC and subsequent novel , Marlowe Bidforth 's Backpack Adventure , and the Prism award-winning American Spoon Indigo . He collaborated with screenwriter Philip Railsback on a number of screenplays . Famous in writing circles for using a staggering number of pseudonyms , he argues that this helps keep his work fresh , ensures the writing stands on its own merit rather than his reputation and `` irritates my publicist so much that it 's become a self-destructive habit I ca n't give up '' . He is also the co-founder along with Darrell Till of the media production company Tiny Lapel .   The music video `` Sell Out Story '' for the band `` The Ohms '' was animated and directed by him as a favour for a friend and went on to win the `` 2004 Mill Award for new media Animation '' .   He has recently been appearing at comicbook conventions in the UK giving talks on Jack Kirby and representing the Jack Kirby Museum .   His digital artwork was used in December 2014 as part of the ` On Creating Reality , by Andy Kaufman ' exhibition at the London Frieze .

neg: Breakdown (1997 film) Breakdown is a 1997 American adventure mystery thriller film directed and co-written by Jonathan Mostow . It stars Kurt Russell , J. T. Walsh and Kathleen Quinlan . The original music score was composed by Basil Poledouris . The film was produced by Dino De Laurentiis and Martha De Laurentiis , and released on May 2 , 1997 by Paramount Pictures .

neg: Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide .   The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting .   In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 .  The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount .   Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night .   Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City .   Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .

neg: Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1955 Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits : 1955 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988 , featuring 10 hit recordings from 1955 . The volume is the first in a series of albums by Rhino Records that chronicled years in music , starting from 1955 and continuing through 1995 .   Each of the albums issued in the series included a `` Time Capsule '' in its liner notes . These notes served as a synopsis for the year featured on the album , including the top news headlines , sports events , television programs and trends in fashion and popular culture .   The track lineups tended to feature most of the year 's top 10 hits , although some of the year 's most popular songs on a given album were not included for various reasons -- most commonly , licensing restrictions . This would be most evident for several of Rhino 's Billboard volumes covering the 1960s , where songs by The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were not included . In such cases , other songs that were among the most popular of the year were substituted .   For the 1955 track lineup , just one song topped the Billboard Best Sellers in Stores chart : `` Rock Around the Clock '' by Bill Haley & His Comets . Also included was `` Sincerely '' by The Moonglows , whose version -- which topped the Top Rhythm & Blues Songs chart -- was used in place of The McGuire Sisters ' version , which reached No. 1 on the Best Sellers in Stores mainstream chart . Most of the other songs reached the top 10 of one of the three charts Billboard had in place at the time -- the Best Sellers in Stores , Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes .   Rhino 's mainstream pop top hits volumes for the years 1955 through 1974 were titled `` Billboard Top Rock 'n' Roll Hits . '' Starting with the 1975 volume and continuing through the 1995 entry , the series became known as `` Billboard Top Hits . ''

neg: Sun Studio Sun Studio is a recording studio opened by rock-and-roll pioneer Sam Phillips at 706 Union Avenue in Memphis , Tennessee , on January 3 , 1950 . It was originally called Memphis Recording Service , sharing the same building with the Sun Records label business . Reputedly the first rock and roll single , Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats ' `` Rocket 88 '' was recorded there in 1951 with song composer Ike Turner on keyboards , leading the studio to claim status as the birthplace of rock & roll . Blues and R&B artists like Howlin ' Wolf , Junior Parker , Little Milton , B.B. King , James Cotton , Rufus Thomas , and Rosco Gordon recorded there in the early 1950s .   Rock and roll , country music , and rockabilly artists , including Johnny Cash , Elvis Presley , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Charlie Feathers , Ray Harris , Warren Smith , Charlie Rich , and Jerry Lee Lewis , recorded there throughout the mid-to-late 1950s until the studio outgrew its Union Avenue location . Sam Phillips opened the larger Sam C. Phillips Recording Studio , better known as Phillips Recording , in 1959 to replace the older facility . Since Phillips had invested in the Holiday Inn Hotel chain earlier , he also recorded artists starting in 1963 on the label Holiday Inn Records for Kemmons Wilson . In 1957 , Bill Justis recorded his Grammy Hall of Fame song `` Raunchy '' for Sam Phillips and worked as a musical director at Sun Records .   In 1969 , Sam Phillips sold the label to Shelby Singleton , and there was no recording-related or label-related activity again in the building until the September 1985 Class of '55 recording sessions with Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison , Jerry Lee Lewis , and Johnny Cash , produced by Chips Moman .   In 1987 , the original building housing the Sun Records label and Memphis Recording Service was reopened by Gary Hardy as `` Sun Studio , '' a recording label and tourist attraction that has attracted many notable artists , such as U2 , Def Leppard , Bonnie Raitt , and Ringo Starr .   In 2005 , Brian Setzer ( of Stray Cats fame ) released his Rockabilly Riot Vol . 1 : A Tribute To Sun Records album . Although not recorded at Sun it did feature various Sun Records recordings including some hits and other more obscure songs . In 2007 , Canadian rockabilly band the Kingmakers recorded a selection of originals and classics such as Elvis Presley 's `` That 's All Right '' at Sun Studio , released as their first CD `` Live at SUN Studio '' . In May 2009 , Canadian blues artist JW-Jones recorded with blues legend Hubert Sumlin , Larry Taylor and Richard Innes for his 2010 release at the studio . In July 2009 , John Mellencamp recorded nine songs for his album No Better Than This at the studio . In 2011 , Chris Isaak released `` Beyond the Sun , '' a collection of songs recorded at Sun Studio , most of which are cover versions of songs originally released on Sun Records .

neg: B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity .   In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics .   Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie .   From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .

neg: Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . ''   The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .

neg: Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to .   Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified .   The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .

neg: Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .

neg: Ritzy Cinema Ritzy Picturehouse is a cinema in Brixton , London , England . It is a Grade II listed building .   The cinema opened on 11 March 1911 as `` the Electric Pavilion '' . It was built by E. C. Homer and Lucas for Israel Davis , one of a noted family of cinema developers , and was one of England 's earliest purpose-built cinemas seating over 750 seats in the single auditorium . Like many cinemas of the period , it was fitted with an organ .   In 1954 it was renovated by noted cinema architect George Coles who installed cinemascope , and it was renamed `` the Pullman '' and the organ was removed . It was later renamed `` the Classic '' before closure in 1976 . After this it was re-invented as `` The Little Bit Ritzy '' , run in collaboration with London Cinema Collective , showing interesting and meaningful double bills , serving delicious home-made cakes . A collaboration between Lambeth Council and the management of the time ensured the cinema 's survival , with the facade being rebuilt and restored to near-original condition .   During the 1980s the cinema developed a reputation as having a left-wing agenda , so much so that the incumbent manager was motivated to place an advert in the local press advising potential patrons that not every film that the cinema screened was `` left-wing or gay '' .   Today the cinema is owned by Picturehouse Cinemas , and thrives as a multi-screen complex with bar and cafe facilities . Its official name is now Ritzy Picturehouse although it is still commonly known as the Ritzy Cinema . In 1999 Albion Ventures invested # 8million in Picturehouse to help fund the development of several of their cinemas , including the Ritzy .   In 2009 , the decor and colour scheme was restored from its original style and a live music venue was added , called Upstairs .

neg: Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California .   Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles .   During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full .   Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's .   In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios .   In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time .   In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is :  Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts .  Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights .  One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits .   In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .

neg: Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation .   The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later .   A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .

neg: The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . )   The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation .   The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 .   A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM .   The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .

neg: Dial Records (1946) Dial Records was an American record company and label that specialized first in bebop jazz and then in contemporary classical music . It was founded in 1946 by Ross Russell . Notable artists who recorded for Dial included Charlie Parker , who signed an exclusive one-year recording contract with Russell on 26 February 1946 , Miles Davis , Max Roach , and Milt Jackson . Dial Records were initially made for the Tempo Music Shop of Hollywood , California , but soon relocated to New York City .   Labels of Dial Records said that they were `` Contemporary American Music '' , a dig at the traditionalist American Music Records label .   In the summer of 1949 Ross Russell announced a change of focus , with the label turning to the release of classical music by contemporary composers . The first release in this new series was Béla Bartók 's Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion . This series , titled the Library of Contemporary Classics , was inspired when Russell obtained the master tape of a recording of Arnold Schoenberg 's Chamber Symphony No. 1 from Blue Star Records in Paris , in lieu of payment for a number of Dial jazz masters for European distribution .   Russell 's interests shifted focus again in 1953 , when he made field recordings of calypso music in the British , French , and Netherlands West Indies . This resulted in the Dial Ethnic Series ( Dial 400 label ) of ten ten-inch 33 1/3 rpm discs , issued between June and November 1953 .   Dial also continued to release material from jazz sessions recorded earlier , but in 1954 Russell sold his jazz recordings to Concert Hall Records , sending them the master tapes , pressing lists , and log sheets on June 3 , 1954 .   Mosaic Records released a limited edition box-set ( CD ) of Dial recordings called The Complete Dial Modern Jazz Sessions .

neg: The Deadly Tower The Deadly Tower , also known as Sniper , is a 1975 television film directed by Jerry Jameson . It stars Kurt Russell and Richard Yniguez .

neg: Movietone Records Movietone Records was a budget records subsidiary of 20th Century Fox 's record division , which issued 29 albums starting in 1965 and ending in 1967 . Most or all of these were reissues of albums that had appeared earlier on the 20th Century Fox label . Artists featured on these albums included Shirley Temple , Al Martino , Lena Horne , Art Tatum , Marilyn Monroe , and Sylvia Sims .   The name `` Movietone '' had been used by Fox Film Corporation since 1926 , when it was coined by William Fox to name the process he had bought for putting sound on film for `` talkies '' . By the time the 1965 incarnation of the record label came along , Fox had issued some 78s on the Fox Movietone label decades earlier , but these were not commercial issues , as far as is known . `` Movietone '' was also the name Fox gave to its TV and newsreel coverage .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .


query: Christine Daaé is a The Phantom of the Opera character.

pos: Christine Daaé Christine Daaé is a fictional character and the female protagonist of Gaston Leroux 's 1910 novel The Phantom of the Opera and of the various adaptations of the work . Erik , the Phantom of the Opera falls in love with her .

neg: Roberto Devereux Roberto Devereux ( or Roberto Devereux , ossia Il conte di Essex -LSB- Robert Devereux , or the Earl of Essex -RSB- ) is a tragedia lirica , or tragic opera , by Gaetano Donizetti . Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian libretto after François Ancelot 's tragedy Elisabeth d'Angleterre ( 1829 ) , and based as well on the Historie secrete des amours d'Elisabeth et du comte d'Essex ( 1787 ) by Jacques Lescéne des Maisons , although Devereux was the subject of at least two other French plays : Le Comte d'Essex by Thomas Corneille and Le Comte d'Essex by Gauthier de Costes , seigneur de la Calprenède .   The opera is loosely based on the life of Robert Devereux , 2nd Earl of Essex , an influential member of the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England . The plot of Roberto Devereux was hardly original , mainly derived from Felice Romani 's libretto Il Conte d'Essex of 1833 , originally set by Saverio Mercadante . Romani 's widow charged Cammarano with plagiarism , although the practice of stealing plots was very common between rival Italian opera houses .   It is one of a number of operas by Donizetti which deal with the Tudor period in English history and include Anna Bolena ( named for Henry VIII 's second wife , Anne Boleyn ) , Maria Stuarda ( named for Mary , Queen of Scots ) and Il castello di Kenilworth . The lead female characters of the operas Anna Bolena , Maria Stuarda , and Elisabetta are often referred to as the `` Three Donizetti Queens . '' They earned some degree of fame in the 1970s , when the American soprano Beverly Sills promoted them as a series at New York City Opera .   It has been noted that , `` although the plot plays fast and loose with history , the opera carries its own brand of dramatic conviction '' .

neg: Christine de Pizan Christine de Pizan ( also seen as de Pisan ; -LSB- kʁistin də pizɑ̃ -RSB- ; 1364 -- c. 1430 ) was an Italian French late medieval author . She served as a court writer for several dukes ( Louis of Orleans , Philip the Bold of Burgundy , and John the Fearless of Burgundy ) and the French royal court during the reign of Charles VI . She wrote both poetry and prose works such as biographies and books containing practical advice for women . She completed forty-one works during her 30-year career from 1399 to 1429 . She married in 1380 at the age of 15 , and was widowed 10 years later . Much of the impetus for her writing came from her need to earn a living to support her mother , a niece and her two surviving children . She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy , and wrote entirely in her adopted language , Middle French .   Her early courtly poetry is marked by her knowledge of aristocratic custom and fashion of the day , particularly involving women and the practice of chivalry . Her early and later allegorical and didactic treatises reflect both autobiographical information about her life and views and also her own individualized and humanist approach to the scholastic learned tradition of mythology , legend , and history she inherited from clerical scholars and to the genres and courtly or scholastic subjects of contemporary French and Italian poets she admired . Supported and encouraged by important royal French and English patrons , she influenced 15th-century English poetry . Her success stems from a wide range of innovative writing and rhetorical techniques that critically challenged renowned writers such as Jean de Meun , author of the Romance of the Rose , which she criticized as immoral .   In recent decades , Christine de Pizan 's work has been returned to prominence by the efforts of scholars such as Charity Cannon Willard , Earl Jeffrey Richards and Simone de Beauvoir . Certain scholars have argued that she should be seen as an early feminist who efficiently used language to convey that women could play an important role within society . This characterization has been challenged by other critics , who say that it is either an anachronistic use of the word or a misinterpretation of her writing and intentions .

neg: Anna Cymmerman Anna Cymmerman is a Polish operatic soprano . She studied at the Academy of Music in Łódź where she majored in Vocal Acting and Performance and graduated with honors in June , 2000 . While a student , she debuted as a soloist in the Grand Theatre , Łódź . There , she performed in Polish as Blanche in Poulenc 's Dialogues of the Carmelites directed by Christopher Kelm . Her performance was appreciated both by critics and viewers . She won a competition whose judges included Ewa Podleś and Andrzej Drabowicz . She has since performed in opera productions in Austria , Denmark , Holland , and Germany . Her performance in Karol Szymanowski 's Stabat Mater at Chicago 's International Music Theater was considered a great success .   Cymmerman 's repertoire of leading roles includes Elvira in Verdi 's Ernani ; the Second Lady in Mozart 's The Magic Flute ( touring to Germany , Denmark , Netherlands , Belgium ) ; Corinna in Rossini 's Il viaggio a Reims for the Polish National Opera , the Grand Theatre , Warsaw ; Neddy in Leoncavallo 's Pagliacci ( Grand Theatre ) ; Margaret in Gounod 's Faust for the Baltic State Opera in Gdańsk , the title role in the Polish premiere of Cilea 's Adriana Lecouvreur ( Grand Theatre ) , the Countess in Mozart 's The Marriage of Figaro and the title role in Stanisław Moniuszko 's The Countess . In the lighter repertoire , her roles include Sylva in Kálmán 's Die Csárdásfürstin , Hanna Glawari in Lehár 's The Merry Widow , Rosalinde in Strauss ' Die Fledermaus , the Widow in Kander 's Zorba , and Clara in Gershwin 's Porgy and Bess .

neg: Stephanie Novacek Stephanie Novacek ( b. Iowa City , Iowa , 31 August 1970 ) is an American operatic mezzo-soprano who has appeared at many of the world 's opera houses . A regular performer at the Houston Grand Opera and Opera Atelier , Novacek is especially known for her performances in contemporary operas and in obscure operas , particularly baroque works , outside of the standard repertory . Opera News has described her voice as a `` rich , seamless flow of solid silk '' and an actress `` with always a strong presence on stage '' .

neg: Phantom India L'Inde fantôme : Reflexions sur un voyage is a 1969 French seven part television documentary miniseries about India , directed by Louis Malle . It was shown on BBC television as Phantom India .   Malle later said that the film was his most personal work and the one he was most proud of , it is widely regarded as the crowning achievement of his career . It was initially inspired by a two-month trip to India in late 1967 that Malle made on behalf of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs to present a selection of `` new French cinema '' throughout the country . Filming took place between January 5 , 1968 and May 1 , 1968 with a crew of two , a cameraman and a sound recordist . Malle arrived in India with no particular plans and financed the trip himself . The resulting 30 hours of footage was then edited down to the 363 minutes of Phantom India . The 105-minute-long Calcutta used the footage he had recorded over his three-week stay in that city . Phantom India was shown on French television and the BBC in the UK in 1969 . Many British Indians and the Indian Government felt that Malle had shown a one-sided portrait of India , focussing on the impoverished , rather than the developing , parts of the country . A diplomatic incident occurred when the Indian government asked the BBC to stop broadcasting the programme . The BBC refused and were briefly asked to leave their New Delhi bureau .

neg: Christine (Christine and the Queens song) `` Christine '' , also released under the titles `` Cripple '' and `` Tilted '' , is a song written and produced by Héloïse Letissier who records under the name Christine and the Queens . `` Christine '' , which is recorded in French , was released for download on 13 October 2014 through Because Music as the third single from her debut studio album Chaleur humaine ( 2014 ) . It was , however , originally titled `` Cripple '' in 2012 , and a later English version was released as `` Tilted '' in 2015 . It was named one of the ten best songs of 2015 by Time magazine . `` Christine '' was a number one hit on both of Belgium 's Ultratop charts and peaked at number 3 in France , while `` Tilted '' became a top 20 hit in Ireland and the United Kingdom . `` Tilted '' remixes were released digitally on 8 April 2016 .

neg: Christine Hewitt Christine Hewitt ( often credited as Mrs. Hewitt ) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders , played by Elizabeth Power . Introduced in 1992 as a lonely divorcée , she becomes besotted with married Arthur Fowler ( Bill Treacher ) while he tends her garden . She leaves in 1993 once her affair with Arthur is discovered by his wife Pauline ( Wendy Richard ) .

neg: Fanny Eckerlin Fanny Eckerlin ( 1802 -- 1842 ) was an Italian mezzo-soprano who also sang contralto roles . During her career she was highly regarded , drawing favorable comparisons to Benedetta Rosmunda Pisaroni , but today she is remembered , if at all , for her association with the early career of Gaetano Donizetti , including creating the title role in his first publicly-performed opera , Enrico di Borgogna .   Eckerlin 's father was a Napoleonic official of Polish origin ; her mother , an Italian , was a sister of the actress , whose husband was the poet Vincenzo Monti . A native of Milan , she studied at the Milan Conservatory under David Banderali . At the age of sixteen in 1818 she made her debut in L'Italiana in Algeri of Gioacchino Rossini at the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice ; it was later that same year , on November 14 , that she created the title role of Donizetti 's Enrico di Borgogna at the Teatro San Luca , in the same city . Her performance on this occasion was overshadowed by the indisposition , through stage fright , of the prima donna , Adelina Catalani , and the surviving review from Nuovo Osservatore Veneziano makes alsmot no mention of her appearance .   On December 15 of the following month , also at the Teatro San Luca , Eckerlin created the role of Enrico in Donizetti 's Una follia , a now-lost opera buffa based on the same libretto as the previous work . She created one further role for Donizetti , that of Serafina in his comedy Le nozze in villa . That opera premiered at the Teatro Vecchio in Mantua during the carnival season of 1820 -- 1821 . It was not a success ; Bartolomeo Merelli , the librettist , later blamed Eckerlin in part for its failure , writing in his Cenni biografici that the piece had faltered due to the `` caprices and ill will of several of the singers , especially the prima donna '' . William Ashbrook has speculated on this last point that Eckerlin may have been chafing at the restrictions of her contract , as by this time she had already appeared with some success at La Scala , where she had debuted in La gazza ladra during the 1817 -- 18 season .   During Eckerlin 's career she spent several seasons at the Teatro Italiano in Barcelona , where a claque in her honor was created , and where she won many favorable notices for her work before accepting a contract with the Salle Favart in Paris . She was a noted interpreter of Rossini , and during his tenure at the helm of the Théâtre Italien she appeared there in a number of roles , among them creating Angelina in La cenerentola at its Paris premiere alongside Giovanni Battista Rubini and Fanny Tacchinardi Persiani . At the same theater she appeared as Arsace in Semiramide in 1832 when Giulia Grisi made her Paris debut in the title role . Eckerlin 's career also took her to the Teatro Regio in Turin and the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples , at both of which she appeared in leading roles . She sang , too , in Vienna , where with Domenico Barbaja 's company in 1822 she created the role of Emma in the local premiere of Rossini 's Zelmira , a performance for which , for her , the composer wrote a new aria , `` Ciel pietoso , ciel clemente '' , to be inserted into the second act . She appeared also in Madrid and London during her career .   Eckerlin had an extensive range , and was noted as well for her coloratura . She was said to possess `` a sweet contralto '' , and one critic , writing in the Gazetta di Milano of February 4 , 1817 , spoke of her as having `` fine means and no ordinary taste in singing . ''

neg: Meta Seinemeyer Meta Seinemeyer ( September 5 , 1895 -- August 19 , 1929 ) was a German opera singer with a spinto soprano voice .   Seinemeyer was born in Berlin , where she studied at the Stern Conservatory with Ernst Grenzebach . She made her debut at the Deutsche Opernhaus in 1918 . She joined the Dresden Semperoper in 1924 , and began appearing at the Vienna State Opera in 1927 .   On the international scene , she sang at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City in 1923 , as Elisabeth in Tannhäuser and Eva in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg , at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires , as Agathe in Der Freischütz in 1926 , and at the Royal Opera House in London in 1929 , as Eva , Elsa in Lohengrin and Sieglinde in Die Walküre .   Besides the great Wagner heroines , she also played an important role in the renaissance of Verdi 's operas in Germany , winning considerable acclaim as Leonora in La forza del destino , Elisabeth de Valois in Don Carlos , and the title role in Aida . She was also admired as Marguerite in Faust , Maddalena in Andrea Chénier , and the title role in Tosca .   She took part in the creation of Ferruccio Busoni 's Doktor Faust in Dresden in 1925 .   Her voice is notable for her flawless management of register breaks , resulting in a seamless stream of tone from top to bottom . The voice has a very rich , enveloping sound , discernable even despite the limitations of the extant acoustic recordings .   One of the greatest German singers of her generation , her career was cut short when she died of leukemia in Dresden a few weeks short of her 34th birthday . Very shortly before her death , she married the conductor Frieder Weissmann ( 1893-1984 ) . She is buried in the Stahnsdorfer Friedhof in Berlin .

neg: Melbourne City Opera CitiOpera , originally known as Melbourne City Opera , is a semi-professional opera company based in Melbourne , Australia . Formed in 1997 , it was the successor of Globe Opera . In 2007 the company began performing at the BMW Edge , a 450-seat indoor amphitheatre located in Federation Square .   Initially the company made its home at the National Theatre , the Comedy Theatre and later at the Melbourne Athenaeum , and featured Suzanne Steele , Ronald Dowd , Margaret Nisbett , Maureen Howard , and Ron Stevens in productions of La bohème , Faust , Carmen , Pagliacci , Cavalleria rusticana , Madama Butterfly , The Merry Widow , Die Fledermaus , The Student Prince , and many others .   The 2007 season began with productions of Verdi 's Il corsaro , Attila and The Pavarotti Story , devised and narrated by director Joseph Talia and conducted by Erich Fackert . In 2008 the season commenced with a concert production of Beethoven 's Fidelio at Melba Hall , University of Melbourne . The company presented The Puccini Story in honour of the 150th anniversary of the birth of Giacomo Puccini . This program was an analysis of how Puccini 's personal characteristics impacted on the creation of his characters and the composition of his music . In March 2009 , the company staged Verdi 's Ernani .   Melbourne City Opera staged Verdi 's Luisa Miller in September 2009 , Andrea Chénier in June 2010 , La rondine in November 2010 and presented a tribute to Dame Joan Sutherland in November 2011 at the BMW Edge .

neg: The Ghosts of Versailles The Ghosts of Versailles is an opera in two acts , with music by John Corigliano to an English libretto by William M. Hoffman . The Metropolitan Opera had commissioned the work from Corigliano in 1980 in celebration of its 100th anniversary , with the premiere scheduled for 1983 . Corigliano and Hoffman took as the starting point for the opera the play La Mère coupable ( The Guilty Mother ) by Pierre Beaumarchais . They took seven years to complete the opera , past the initial deadline . The opera received its premiere on December 19 , 1991 , at the Metropolitan Opera , with the production directed by Colin Graham . The premiere run of seven performances was sold out . The original cast included Teresa Stratas , Håkan Hagegård , Renée Fleming , Graham Clark , Gino Quilico , and Marilyn Horne . The Metropolitan Opera revived the opera in the 1994/1995 season .   Corigliano considers this work a `` grand opera buffa '' because it incorporates both elements of the Grand Opera style ( large chorus numbers , special effects ) and the silliness of the opera buffa style . Commentators have noted how the opera satirises and parodies accepted operatic conventions .

neg: Christine Tobin Christine Tobin ( born 7 January 1963 , Dublin , Ireland ) is an Irish vocalist and composer from Dublin who has been part of the London jazz and improvising scene since the second half of the 1980s . She has been influenced by a diverse range of singers and writers including Betty Carter , Bessie Smith , Leonard Cohen , Olivier Messiaen , Miles Davis and poets William Butler Yeats , Paul Muldoon and Eva Salzman .

neg: Opera management Opera management is the management of the processes by which opera is delivered to audiences . A multifaceted task , it involves managing an opera company , primarily the singers and musicians who perform the operas , but in many cases also managing the opera house in which the company performs .   Opera is a complex art form involving high fixed costs and requiring complex management . In addition to the singers and musicians who form the core of the company its production requires scenery and costumes and sometimes dancers and non-singing actors . Fixed costs in today 's opera organizations -- keeping many of the singers and musicians on year-round contracts , and if managing their own theatre , the cost of workers needed to create and maintain the sets and costumes as well as the cost of maintaining and running the building -- combined with the costs of individual productions , make opera the most expensive of the performing arts . However , even in the 19th century when opera was largely run by individual impresarios rather than large organisations , opera management as a profession was characterised as `` a devouror of the fortunes of the victims it has tempted by its seductions '' . Frederick Gye , who turned the Royal Italian Opera in Covent Garden into one of London 's premiere opera houses in the 19th century and who shaped the careers of many famous singers , described opera management as a `` dreadful business '' .

neg: The Bohemian Girl The Bohemian Girl is a ballad opera composed by Michael William Balfe with a libretto by Alfred Bunn . The plot is loosely based on a Cervantes tale , La Gitanilla .   The best-known aria from the piece is `` I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls '' in which the main character , Arline , describes her vague memories of her childhood . It has been recorded by many artists , most famously by Dame Joan Sutherland , and also by the Norwegian soprano Sissel Kyrkjebø and Irish singer Enya .

neg: The Phantom of the Opera (1962 film) The Phantom of the Opera is a 1962 British horror film based on the novel by Gaston Leroux . The film was made by Hammer Film Productions .

neg: Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away Cirque du Soleil : Worlds Away is a 2012 American 3D family fantasy film directed by Andrew Adamson . The film premiered on October 20 , 2012 at the Tokyo International Film Festival , and was released theatrically in the United States on December 21 , 2012 . Distributed worldwide by Paramount Pictures on December 21 , 2012 , the film tells the story of a girl named Mia going to a traveling circus and falling in love with its main attraction , the Aerialist . After the Aerialist falls during his act , he and Mia are transported to another world where each encounter the different worlds of Cirque du Soleil through O , Mystère , Kà , Love , Zumanity , Viva Elvis and Criss Angel Believe . It stars Erica Linz and Igor Zaripov as the main characters and incorporates acts from some of the Cirque du Soleil shows that were running in Las Vegas in 2011 including O , Mystère , Kà , Love , and Viva Elvis .   The 3D used in the film was highly admired by critics on its Tokyo premiere . The Eels performed a song titled `` Calling for Your Love '' for the movie . The film incorporates acts from the seven Cirque du Soleil shows running in Las Vegasin 2011 : O , Mystère , Kà , Love , Zumanity , Viva Elvis and Criss Angel Believe . Each of the acts/performances was filmed on the stage of the theater in Las Vegas where the show is/was running : the acts from `` O '' at the `` O '' Theatre at the Bellagio , those from `` Ka '' at the Ka Theater at the MGM Grand , those from `` Love '' at the Love Theater at the Mirage , the act from `` Mystere '' at the Mystere Theater at Treasure Island , the act from `` Zumanity '' at the Zumanity Theater at the New York New York and the act from `` Viva Elvis '' at the Aria Theater . It was Reel FX 's first and only live action film .

neg: Rebecca de Pont Davies Rebecca de Pont Davies is a British mezzo-soprano who has performed with English National Opera and Welsh National Opera , and at the Teatro Real in Madrid and the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden , among others .   Davies was born and educated in Blackheath , and is the sister of the screenwriter William Davies and the television producer Michael Davies . She has been diagnosed with Graves ' disease . Davies went straight from school to the Guildhall School of Music and Drama where she completed the four year Associate of the Guildhall School of Music ( AGSM ) course and the two year Opera Course for which she was awarded a full scholarship before becoming a Company Artist for English National Opera . Here her roles included Ottavia in The Coronation of Poppea , Ulrica in A Masked Ball , Mistress Quickly in Falstaff , Annina in Der Rosenkavalier , Theatre Dresser/Schoolboy/Groom / Girl 's Mother in Lulu , Mrs Sedley and Auntie in Peter Grimes , Bronka in The Passenger , Marya in War and Peace and Ruth in the Mike Leigh production of The Pirates of Penzance .   Davies 's roles in other productions include Marchioness in La fille du régiment for Teatro Real in Madrid , Auntie in Peter Grimes for Deutsche Oper Berlin , Prakriti 's mother in the premiere of Wagner Dream for Dutch National Opera and later for Welsh National Opera ; Second Maid in Elektra for Dutch National Opera ; Witch in Hänsel und Gretel ; Herodias in Salome in Bielefeld ; Mrs Sedley in Peter Grimes for Deutsche Oper am Rhein and the Liceu in Barcelona ; Geneviève in Pelléas et Mélisande in Essen ; Jack 's Mother in Into the Woods ; Beroe in The Bassarids , Old Lady in Sunday in the Park with George , and Beggar Woman in Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street for Théâtre du Châtelet ; Mrs Sedley in Peter Grimes , Maddalena in Rigoletto and Klytämnestra in Elektra for Opera North ; French Mother in Death in Venice for the Glyndebourne Festival Opera ( filmed by the BBC ) ; Katisha in The Mikado in a co-production between Scottish Opera and the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company at the Theatre Royal , Glasgow ; Kabanicha in Káťa Kabanová for Teatro Regio in Turin and Auntie in Peter Grimes for Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lisbon .   Davies made her Royal Opera House début as Old Sister 2 in Babette 's Feast in the Linbury Studio Theatre , and for them has also sung Schwertleite in Die Walküre , Second Esquire in Parsifal , Aunt Kaye in the world premiere of Anna Nicole and Hostess of the Inn in Boris Godunov .   Davies 's performances in concert include Judith Weir 's The Consolations of Scholarship with the Lontano Ensemble , Manuel de Falla 's El amor brujo and Siete canciones populares españolas with the Symphony Nova Scotia and performances with the BBC Proms , London Sinfonietta , the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Philharmonia Orchestra . Her recordings include Falstaff with English National Opera and String , Paper , Wood by Ronald Corp. .   Davies is married to the singer and writer Jessica Walker .

neg: Il teatro alla moda Il teatro alla moda ( The Fashionable Theater ) is a satirical pamphlet in which its author , the Venetian composer Benedetto Marcello ( 1686 -- 1739 ) , vents his critical opinions on the milieu of the Italian opera seria in the first decades of the eighteenth century . It was first published anonymously in Venice , by the end of 1720 . Virtually every aspect of opera seria and its social environment is mercilessly criticized by Marcello : the artificiality of plots , the stereotyped format of music , the extravagant scenography and machinery , the inability and venality of composers and poets , the vanity and vulgarity of singers , the avidity of impresarios , the ineptitude of musicians .   The full title reads `` THE FASHIONABLE THEATER -- OR -- safe and easy METHOD for correctly composing and performing Italian OPERAS in the modern style , -- In which -- useful and necessary Advice is given to Librettists , Composers , Musicians of both sexes , Impresarios , Performers , Engineers , and Scene Painters , comic Characters , Tailors , Pages , Dancers , Prompters , Copyists , Protectors , and MOTHERS of female Virtuoso singers , & other People belonging to Theater . '' In fact , Il teatro alla moda is written as a series of chapters where advice is ironically given to the various people involved in operatic productions , in order to meet `` the modern customs '' and bizarre requirements of such theatrical events .   Besides the title , the frontispiece contains several allusions to well-known protagonists of the Venetian theater of the time . For instance , the publisher 's name `` Aldiviva Licante '' refers , by means of anagrams , both to Antonio Vivaldi , then very famous as an opera composer , and to the singer Caterina Canteli .   The text of Il teatro alla moda displays several striking features . To begin with , it shows a degree of vacillation in attitude toward its subject -- perhaps resulting from Marcello 's personal ambivalence regarding operatic music , as both a critic and a composer . For example , the dedicatory is by `` the author of the book to its composer . '' In addition , it exhibits a number of surrealistic elements , which reach a climax in the last chapter , `` The Raffle '' ( presumably organized by the mother of a young female singer ) , where the prizes include `` a full dress of modern poet in fever-colored tree bark , wrapped with metaphors , translations , hyperboles '' as well as `` the pen that wrote Il teatro alla moda . '' The printing accompanies these peculiarities with a chaotic use of italic and normal typography and of capital fonts .

neg: Sciantosa In Italian theatrical culture , the term sciantosa ( pl. : `` sciantose '' ) refers to a stock character that developed from the late 19th Century through the early 20th Century in such popular genres such as café-concert , variety show , avanspettacolo , and revue . The term is a distortion of the French word chanteuse ( feminine form of `` singer '' ) , and was originally used for female singers that performed opera or operetta arias in café-chantant venues . As such , the `` sciantosa '' was a sort of scaled-down version of the opera `` diva '' . Later on , the term acquired further implications , most notably that of femme fatale . Popular sciantose often had ( or pretended to have ) mysterious and exotic traits , such as a foreign accent , a turbulent past , or romantic affairs with lovers from the jet set . To emphasize their reputation of divas , prominent sciantose hired a claque to follow their shows .   Some of the most well known sciantose were Anna Fougez , Gilda Mignonette , Olimpia D'Avigny , and Yvonne De Fleuriel .   With the advent of cinema and television , many forms of popular theatrical shows faded , and so did the `` sciantosa '' archetype , whose traits were partially transferred to new roles such as the soubrette or the showgirl .   The 1971 film La Sciantosa , by director Alfredo Giannetti , portrays a typical sciantosa ( played by Anna Magnani ) .

neg: List of Phantom: Requiem for the Phantom episodes This article is a list of the episodes of the Japanese anime series Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom ~ , which is animated by Bee Train and directed by Koichi Mashimo under the Project Phantom group . The series went on air on April 2 , 2009 on TV Tokyo . Subsequently the show also aired on AT-X , TV Aichi , and TV Osaka . Funimation Entertainment is streaming the series for its North American audience .   The anime is based on the 2000 video game Phantom of Inferno .   The series is about a Japanese national who gets kidnapped by an assassin syndicate called Inferno after he had personally witnessed an assassination while visiting the United States . Inferno is a criminal organization attempting to unite all known underworld mob gangs into one conglomerate . In order to achieve their goal , Inferno deploys its assassin operatives codenamed Phantom . Among them is an amnesiac girl named Ein and the Japanese national , who was given the name Zwei as his codename after being brainwashed of his previous memory .   An announcement regarding the show was first announced in the January issue of Kadokawa Shoten 's Newtype magazine with Yoshimitsu Yamashita , Mutsumi Sasaki and Yoko Kikuchi being the main animators with Bee Train being in charge of animation . Soon afterwards , a promotional video of Phantom ~ Requiem of the Phantom ~ was broadcast on Biglobe . Music for the series is created under Masumi Itō , using the alias Hikaru Nanase . For the first 19 episodes , the opening song `` Karma '' is written and sung by Kokia and arranged by Hikaru Nanase , with the ending song is sung by Ali Project with CD singles released . From episode 20 onwards , a 2nd opening song is sung by Ali Project with a 2nd ending song `` Transparent '' written and sung by Kokia and also arranged by Nanase . In addition , the OST of the show with CD singles by Ayahi Takagaki and Miyu Irino have been released to the public on July 8 , 2009 .   The Japanese DVD releases of Volume 1 came out on July 24 , 2009 with subsequent releases from Volumes 2 to 10 on August 25 , 2009 , September 25 , 2009 , October 23 , 2009 , November 25 , 2009 , December 22 , 2009 , January 22 , 2010 , February 25 , 2010 , March 25 , 2010 and April 23 , 2010 . FUNimation released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in 2011 .  A manga adaptation of the show was published in tankōbon form on May 23 , 2009 by Media Factory and Nitroplus , with the manga being illustrated by Masaki Hiragi under Media Factory 's Monthly Comic Alive 's February issue .