query: Billy Clanton worked on a ranch in Tombstone, Arizona.

pos: Tombstone, Arizona Tombstone is a historic city in Cochise County , Arizona , United States , founded in 1879 by prospector Ed Schieffelin in what was then Pima County , Arizona Territory . It became one of the last boomtowns in the American frontier . The town grew significantly into the mid-1880s as the local mines produced $ 40 to $ 85 million in silver bullion , the largest productive silver district in Arizona . Its population grew from 100 to around 14,000 in less than seven years . It is best known as the site of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and presently draws most of its revenue from tourism .   The town was established on a mesa above the Tough Nut Mine . Within two years of its founding , although far distant from any other metropolitan area , Tombstone had a bowling alley , four churches , an ice house , a school , two banks , three newspapers , and an ice cream parlor , alongside 110 saloons , 14 gambling halls , and numerous dance halls and brothels . All of these businesses were situated among and on top of a large number of hardscrabble mines . The gentlemen and ladies of Tombstone attended operas presented by visiting acting troupes at the Schieffelin Hall opera house , while the miners and cowboys saw shows at the Bird Cage Theatre .   Under the surface were tensions that grew into deadly conflict . The mining capitalists and the townspeople were largely Republicans from the Northern states . Many of the ranchers ( some of whom -- like the Clantons -- were also rustlers or other criminal varieties ) were Confederate sympathizers and Democrats . The booming city was only 30 mi from the U.S. -- Mexico border and was an open market for cattle stolen from ranches in Sonora , Mexico , by a loosely organized band of outlaws known as The Cowboys . The Earp brothers -- Wyatt , Virgil and Morgan -- as well as Doc Holliday , arrived in December 1879 and mid-1880 . The Earps had ongoing conflicts with Cowboys Ike and Billy Clanton , Frank and Tom McLaury , and Billy Claiborne . The Cowboys repeatedly threatened the Earps over many months until the conflict escalated into a shootout on October 26 , 1881 . The historic gunfight is often portrayed as occurring at the O.K. Corral , though it actually occurred a short distance away in an empty lot on Fremont Street .   In the mid-1880s , the silver mines penetrated the water table and the mining companies made significant investments in specialized pumps . A fire in 1886 destroyed the Grand Central hoist and the pumping plant , and it was unprofitable to rebuild the costly pumps . The city nearly became a ghost town , saved only because it was the Cochise County seat until 1929 . The city 's population dwindled to a low of 646 in 1910 , but grew to 1,380 by 2010 . Tombstone has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names .

pos: Billy Clanton William Harrison Clanton ( 1862 -- October 26 , 1881 ) was an outlaw Cowboy in Cochise County , Arizona Territory . He , along with his father Newman Clanton and brother Ike Clanton , worked a ranch near Tombstone and stole livestock from Mexico and later U.S. ranchers .   He was a member of group of loosely organized outlaws who had ongoing conflicts with lawmen Wyatt , Virgil , and Morgan Earp . The Clantons repeatedly threatened the Earps because they interfered with the Cowboys ' illegal activities . On October 26 , 1881 , Billy , Tom McLaury , and Frank McLaury were killed in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in the boomtown of Tombstone , Arizona Territory . His brother Ike was unarmed and ran from the gunfight . The shootout was his only gunfight . Ike filed murder charges against the Earps , who were later exonerated as having acted within their duty as lawmen .

neg: Chico Basin Ranch The Chico Basin Ranch is a working cattle ranch thirty minutes southeast of Colorado Springs , Colorado . The Chico Basin is owned by the Colorado State Land Board , and managed by Ranchlands , Duke and Janet Phillips ' family based ranch management company . The cattle raised on the ranch are grass fed and no hormones added . Working cowboys tend to the cattle primarily using quarter horses born and trained on the ranch . The Chico Basin now has a horse sanctuary for old or injured horses . Not only is the Chico Basin a working cattle ranch , it is also a wildlife preserve . The Chico Basin works with the Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory to band migratory birds . This activity is also open to schools and universities to come and learn about birds . Free programs are offered to all ages of children and adults to learn about wildlife and ranch life .

neg: Fort Elliott Fort Elliott was a United States Army post in the Texas Panhandle , operational between 1875 and 1890 and named for Major Joel H. Elliott , a casualty of the Battle of Washita River in 1868 .   The decision to establish Fort Elliott in what was to become Wheeler County , Texas , was made in December 1874 by Colonel Nelson A. Miles as an advance supply post during the campaign to clear the Texas Panhandle of American Indians after the Second Battle of Adobe Walls in 1874 . Major James Biddle established a temporary post on 3 February 1875 with four troops of the 6th US Cavalry and four companies of the 5th Infantry and the permanent location of the fort on 5 June 1875 , twenty-seven miles west of Indian Territory near the headwaters of Sweetwater Creek . African-American troops , familiarly called `` Buffalo soldiers , '' served in this area . In subsequent years , the fort was garrisoned to protect the borders of the Panhandle with Indian Territory , and the cattle drives from Texas to Kansas . The town of Mobeetie in Wheeler County , where Timothy Dwight Hobart and Temple Lea Houston were early settlers , grew beside it .   Among the troops serving there were Lieutenant Henry O. Flipper , the first black graduate of West Point Military Academy , Captain Emerson H. Liscum and Lieutenant Frederick Dent Grant .   Fort Elliott had a dual purpose : ( 1 ) It quieted the Indians on the reservation while the slaughter of the bison continued , ( 2 ) It encouraged Anglo-Americans to settle beyond the 100th meridian . As soon as the fort was established , the cattle industry expanded throughout northwest Texas . Ranches were established on the open range between 1876 , with the JA Ranch , and 1886 , with the fencing of the XIT Ranch . Fort Elliott was situated on a high elevation of Sweetwater Creek , with the front of the shoe facing the southwest .

neg: Ambrose Key Ambrose W. Key ( 27 November 1829 -- 17 August 1908 ) was an American pioneer . He was born in Crawfordsville , Indiana , the son of George Key and his wife Rebecca Mintun . George , a native of Virginia , settled with his family in Ohio circa 1800 . From there , he began a career as a trader , traveling various rivers while establishing his trade routes . In 1836 , George spotted lands in Iowa which reminded him of his boyhood home in Virginia , staking a claim to what he dubbed `` Virginia Grove '' in Louisa County . George planted crops there in 1836 and 1837 , and wintered with his family back in Montgomery County , Indiana . While raising his crops in 1838 , George sent for his wife and family to come to Iowa . Rebecca hired 10 men to help her move her family of 10 children , including Ambrose , 300 mi from Indiana to Iowa . They averaged 7 miles per day on their 45-day trek , employing three wagons and a carriage , while driving a collection of young horses , cattle , and nearly 100 head of sheep .   Ambrose purchased 80 acre of government land in Louisa County during 1855 , and was an established merchant in the town of Wapello by 1856 . On 21 May 1859 , he married Mary Jones Garrett , a native of Ohio , in Tipton , Moniteau County , Missouri . Within a year , the couple was residing in Washington County , Texas , where Ambrose was the proprietor of a general store . Ambrose also purchased the Baker and Thomson Sawmill on the San Jacinto River , and operated a sash , door , and blind factory for about 4 years . The family lived in Falls County , Texas for several years , where Ambrose bought another sawmill and started a tannery .   At the close of the Civil War , Ambrose and family spent a year in St. Louis , then relocated to Westport on the Kansas border . He carried on a general trading and freighting business from Westport for 3 years , then bought a farm in Shawnee Township of Wyandotte County , Kansas on the Gibbs road , 3 mi southwest of Argentine . From 1872 until his death on 17 August 1908 , Ambrose conducted a profitable business of raising fruits on his farm . He was survived by his wife and 4 children : sons Sidney D. and Joseph Francis Key , and daughters Nellie G. Key and Mrs. Gertrude Baldwin .

neg: Fred J. Dodge Frederick J. Dodge ( August 29 , 1854 -- December 16 , 1938 ) was an undercover Wells Fargo detective , a constable in Tombstone , Arizona , and Texas cattleman . He was born in Spring Valley in northern Butte County , California and was raised in Sacramento .   He worked as undercover agent for Wells Fargo in California , Nevada and Arizona . In December 1879 , he was working in Tombstone , Arizona and recommended that Wyatt Earp be hired as a guard and messenger for the stage line . The two quickly became good friends and Dodge supported Wyatt and his brothers in their troubles in Tombstone that led up to the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and afterward . He and Wyatt remained friends the rest of their lives .

neg: Gerald Lyda Gerald Lyda ( January 12 , 1923 -- November 14 , 2005 ) ) was an American cattle rancher , contractor and developer prominent in the state of Texas .   Lyda was reared in Burnet County at the edge of the Texas Hill Country in Central Texas . His grandfather was Gideon Paloris Lyda who worked as foreman on Thomas Lyons & Angus Campbell 's famous LC Ranch headquartered near Silver City , New Mexico . Separated from his family at age 10 by his mother 's death and the foreclosure on the family farm , Lyda worked for various ranches throughout the Texas Hill Country where he could be close to horses , cattle and ranching life .   During World War II , Lyda worked for the railroad , but soon became a carpenter with a large El Paso-based general contractor . He worked with his tools on military projects throughout Texas , Utah and Colorado . Returning to Texas between construction jobs , Lyda broke horses , worked as a ranch hand , occasionally competed in saddle bronc riding at small town rodeos and learned the art of making saddles from legendary rodeo producer and businessman , T. C. `` Buck '' Steiner of Austin .   Lyda married Randa Jean Lyda and moved to Nixon , Texas to manage the Evans Ranch . Times were hard . To support his wife and two young boys , he quit cowboying in 1947 and hired on as a carpenter with Farnsworth & Chambers , a large building contractor with headquarters in Houston . With the support and encouragement of supervisor/mentor H. Alvin Lott , Lyda earned a reputation for being an innovative , cost-conscious project superintendent who could deliver projects on time and under budget . In late 1954 , the 31-year-old project superintendent was transferred to San Antonio to build the massive Wilford Hall Hospital project at Lackland Air Force Base . After completing the hospital on time and within budget , he was promoted to Area Superintendent .   In 1960 , he formed his own construction company , Darragh & Lyda , with Burnet County rancher Steinmetz Darragh . In the mid-1960s , a joint venture between the San Antonio-based company and H. A. Lott Inc. built the Tower of the Americas and most of the major HemisFair '68 structures in San Antonio .   The Lyda organization grew to be one of the most successful general contractors in Texas . Such projects as the Alamodome , the expansion of the University of Texas Memorial Stadium , the Hyatt Hill Country Resort Hotel , the San Antonio Convention Center , the Westin La Cantera Resort Hotel and the Fiesta Texas theme park , as well as hospitals , hotels , banks and office buildings , have significantly re-shaped the skylines of major Texas cities . The company and its subsidiaries were ranked among the Top 400 Contractors by Engineering News-Record and was consistently ranked among the Top 3 commercial building contractors based on billings in San Antonio by San Antonio Business Journal . In 2003 , Lyda sold Lyda Constructors Inc. , the 100 % owned subsidiary of Lyda Inc. , to Swinerton , Inc. of San Francisco .   After the sale , Lyda retired to his beloved La Escalera Ranch , just south of Fort Stockton , Texas . Lyda had owned or traded more than 880,000 acres ( 3600 km ² ) of ranch real estate by 1999 , including the sprawling Ladder Ranch in southeastern New Mexico which Lyda eventually sold to television mogul Ted Turner and his actress wife Jane Fonda . Lyda died in 2005 . Today , sons Gerald D. and Gene Lyda , along with their sister Jo Granberg , manage the 220,000 deeded acre La Escalera Ranch , which spreads across four Texas counties : Reeves , Pecos , Brewster , Archer , and Baylor . La Escalera Ranch has been ranked by Texas Monthly , The Land Report , and Worth ( magazine ) as one of the largest cattle ranches in the United States .

neg: W. C. Tuttle W. C. Tuttle ( November 11 , 1883 -- June 6 , 1969 ) was an American writer who sold more than 1000 magazine stories and dozens of novels , almost all of which were westerns.Tuttle wrote mainly for pulp magazines ; his main  market was Adventure magazine . In a 1930 poll of its readers , Tuttle was voted the  most popular writer in the magazine . Tuttle also wrote for other publications such as Argosy , Short Stories , Street & Smith 's Western Story Magazine ,  Field & Stream , West , New Western Magazine and Exciting Western . His best known character was Hashknife Hartley , who along with his friend Sleepy Stevens , served as unofficial detectives solving crimes on the ranches where they worked as cowboys . Critic Jeff Sadler stated Tuttle 's writing is `` at its best '' in the Hashknife stories . Sadler also claims Tuttle 's novel Vanishing Brands is his finest novel . . `` terse and dramatic , flecked with dry touches of wit , the novel is an excellent example of the Western form and a credit to its author '' .   He was also a screenwriter of the silent era . He wrote for 52 films between 1915 and 1945 .   A semi-pro baseball player in his youth , Tuttle served as President of the Pacific Coast Baseball League 1935-1943 .   He was born in Montana and died in Los Angeles County , California .

neg: Herb Ringer Herb Ringer ( July 15 , 1913 -- December 11 , 1998 ) was an amateur photographer who chronicled the rural and wilderness areas of the Western United States and Canada .   Ringer was born in Brooklyn , New York . Not long after , the Ringer family moved to the Mt. Auburn section of Cincinnati .   Ringer moved to Reno , Nevada in 1939 , and began his lifelong practice of traveling to explore the west , making journal entries about his travels while taking what are now estimated to be almost 10,000 photographs . Ringer from the start used 35 mm cameras but later bought a camera taking 120 film ; he was an early and consistent user of Kodachrome color film .   When in 1989 Jim Stiles began publishing the Canyon Country Zephyr ( motto : `` Clinging Hopelessly to the Past Since 1989 '' ) in Moab , Utah , among the regular features were Ringer 's photos and his recollections of the west in the earlier twentieth century . Although Ringer died on December 11 , 1998 , his photos and memories continue to be a regular feature of the Zephyr and its website .   A section of the documentary Brave New West from High Plains Films includes footage of Ringer shot in the late 80s and early 90s . In the film , Stiles sums up the uniqueness of Ringer 's photography : `` While a tourist might take a picture of Grand Arch , Herb would take a photo of the tourist taking the photo of Grand Arch . He was a true archivist of the changing West . ''

neg: Sunset, Arizona Sunset , Arizona is a populated place and former town in Navajo County , Arizona located about four miles north-west of Winslow , Arizona . It was settled in 1876 by a group of Latter-day Saints under the direction of Lot Smith . Drought and flash flooding that washed away the dams and irrigation systems led to crop failures . It ceased being a town by 1884 and the last settlers moved out in 1888 . The channel of the Little Colorado River now runs where the town site used to be . Only the small hilltop Sunset Cemetery remains and is part of the Homolovi State Park .   Sunset was one of four Little Colorado River colonies . The other colonies were Joseph City , Brigham City , and Obed . Joseph City is the only remaining colony .

neg: John the Baptist Mountains The John the Baptist Mountains are a small mountain range in western Pima County , Arizona , approximately 8.5 miles southwest of the town of Ajo , Arizona . The range is approximately three miles long and about one mile wide at its widest point . The highpoint of the range is 2,161 feet above sea level and is located at 32 ° 15 ' 24 `` N , 112 ° 54 ' 24 `` W ( NAD 1983 datum ) . The bulk of the range lies on lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management , and a small portion extends westward into the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge .   The range is named for John C. Butala , a hermit who lived for a number of years in a shack on the range 's eastern side . Butala was a veteran of the Spanish -- American War and World War I . He chose to spend the last decades of his life as a hermit living in the desert . There was some belief that he had been gassed and/or shell shocked during his military service . He was known as an eccentric with long matted hair , and most of the year he would wear only tennis shoes and a loincloth made from gunnysacks . He was also known for feeding and befriending a variety of desert wildlife around his camp , and some became so tame that they would eat out of his hand . It is likely that the nickname of `` John the Baptist '' derived from this behavior and his appearance as a wild-eyed desert prophet . Despite his eccentric ways , he was known for his mechanical and engineering abilities , and he would regularly be summoned into town to repair automobiles and heavy equipment at the New Cornelia Mine . He died in 1961 and is buried in Ajo .

neg: Cherry Springs Dance Hall Cherry Springs Dance Hall , is one of the oldest and most historic dance halls in Texas . It is located at 17662 North U.S. Highway 87 , Cherry Springs , TX 78624 . The Texas farming community of Cherry Spring is 16 mi NW of Fredericksburg , Texas , in Gillespie County 's portion of the Texas Hill Country . The dance hall was established along the old Pinta Trail in 1889 as a stop for cattle drives . It was originally run by Herman Lehmann , son of German immigrants , Apache captive and adopted son of Comanche chief Quanah Parker .   Cited by the State of Texas Music Office as `` one of the most historic dance halls in the world , '' the venue has played host to some of the greatest legends of country music . Hank Williams once played here , as did Patsy Cline , Buck Owens , Webb Pierce , Ernest Tubb , George Jones , and many others . It was here on October 9 , 1955 , that the Louisiana Hayride Tour played , with Elvis Presley , Johnny Cash , Wanda Jackson and Porter Wagoner on the cusp of international fame for the performers . Author and musician Geronimo Trevino III likens the talent who have played there to `` The history of country music . ''

neg: Northern Arizona Northern Arizona is an unofficial , colloquially-defined region of the U.S. state of Arizona . Generally consisting of Coconino County , Yavapai County , Navajo County , and Apache County , it is geographically dominated by the Colorado Plateau , the southern border of which in Arizona is called the Mogollon Rim . Mohave County , located in the northwest of the state , may or may not be considered part of Northern Arizona , depending on local opinions .

neg: Cleator, Arizona Cleator -LSB- ˈkliːtər -RSB- is a ghost town in Yavapai County , Arizona , United States . It lies along the road that has replaced Murphy 's Impossible Railroad between Cordes and Crown King .   Cleator was established in 1864 as a placer gold mining site under the name Turkey Creek Mining District . A post office was established at Turkey Creek in July 1869 but closed within three months .   Turkey Creek was renamed Cleator in 1925 after James P. Cleator took possession of the town from Levrett P. Nellis . He then named the post office after himself . The post office closed July 15 , 1954 .   Cleator 's population fell in the 1920s as mining in the area declined and the town was put up for sale by James Cleator in April 1949 . It then had about 60 residents . James P. Cleator 's son Thomas bought the town and lived there until his death in 1996 . He kept the small bar open most of the years he lived there . After his death everything was inherited by his sister Eleanor and her son . The bar is still open and a favorite stop along the dusty road for recreational ATV drivers and weekend tourists .   Several original buildings remain and are occupied .

neg: Fred Waite Fred Waite , born Frederick Tecumseh Waite ( September 23 , 1853 -- September 24 , 1895 ) , was a Chickasaw cowboy who joined Billy the Kid 's gang . His father was a farmer and operated a trading store and stage stop southeast of Pauls Valley in the Chickasaw Nation . Waite left Indian Territory to work as a cowboy in the New Mexico Territory . While working for John Tunstall as a ranch hand , he met Bill Bonney and several other men who worked for Tunstall . After Tunstall was killed in the `` Lincoln County war '' , Bonney , Waite and the others called themselves the Regulators while they pursued Tunstall 's killers . After that , they became known as the `` Billy the Kid gang . '' In 1880 , Waite left the gang , returning to live in the Chickasaw Nation . Waite married , became a rancher and started a family . He lived a law-abiding life thereafter and became involved in Choctaw and Chickasaw politics . Elected to the legislature as a representative both as a representative and as a senator , he was even elected Speaker of the House for three sessions . Then he was appointed Attorney General of the Chickasaw Nation . He died of rheumatism at the age of 42 .

neg: Raso, Arizona Raso is a populated place situated in Cochise County , Arizona , 7 miles northeast of Willcox in Dragoon Pass . It has an estimated elevation of 4377 ft above sea level . It was founded in 1881 as a flag station on the Southern Pacific Railroad , originally known as `` Railroad Pass '' , the name was changed in 1903 to Raso , for easier usage in telegraph transmissions . Raso is Spanish for `` a flat plain '' .

neg: Cochise County in the Old West Cochise County in the Old West was the site of ongoing Apache Indian attacks and a bitter feud between outlaw Cowboys and lawmen like Virgil Earp and his brothers . The county was carved off in 1881 from the easternmost portion of Pima County during a formative period in the American Southwest . Tensions began as soon as American settlers began arriving in what is now Cochise County . The time period was characterized by rapidly growing boomtowns , ongoing Apache raids , smuggling and cattle rustling across the United States-Mexico border , growing ranching operations , and the expansion of new technologies in mining , railroading , and telecommunications .   In the 1860s , following the Gadsden Purchase and the arrival of American settlers , conflict between the Apaches and the Americans was at its height . Pima County and later Cochise County were located in the center of the Apache wars and until 1886 there was almost constant warfare in that region adjacent to the Mexican border .   In addition to the conflict with the Native Americans , during the 1870s and 1880s , there was considerable tension between the rural residents who were for the most part Democrats from the agrarian Confederate States and town residents and business owners who were largely Republicans from the industrial Union States . The tension culminated in what has been called the Cochise County feud , or the Earp-Clanton feud , which ended with the historic Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and Wyatt Earp 's Vendetta Ride . Dr. George E. Goodfellow described Tombstone , the capital of Cochise County , as the `` condensation of wickedness . ''

neg: Tombstone Territory Tombstone Territory is an American Western series starring Pat Conway and Richard Eastham . The series ' first two seasons aired on ABC from 1957 to 1959 . The first season was sponsored by Bristol-Myers ( Consumer Products ) and the second season by Lipton ( Tea/Soup ) and Philip Morris ( Marlboro Cigarettes ) . The third and final season aired in syndication from 1959 until 1960 . The program was produced by Ziv Television , the company responsible for other 1950s hit TV series such as first-run syndicated Sea Hunt and Highway Patrol and NBC 's Bat Masterson .

neg: John Horton Slaughter John Horton Slaughter ( October 2 , 1841 -- February 16 , 1922 ) , also known as Texas John Slaughter , was an American lawman , cowboy , poker player and rancher in the Southwest . After serving in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War of 1861-1865 , he fought against hostile Indians , Mexican and American outlaws . In the latter half of his life , he lived at the San Bernardino Ranch , a well-preserved National Historic Landmark in Cochise County in far southeastern Arizona .

neg: Charles Weldon Cannon Charles Weldon Cannon , known as Tooter Cannon ( January 14 , 1915 -- March 14 , 1997 ) , was a widely recognized manufacturer of boots and saddles in rural Dickens , Texas .   Cannon was the last of nine children born to Charles Ira Cannon ( 1871 -- 1920 ) and the former Mattie Cordial Snodgrass ( 1870 -- 1956 ) on a working ranch in Afton in Dickens County in West Texas . He was given his unusual nickname as a child by his father . As a teenager , he learned boot and saddlemaking techniques to help the cowboys obtain a proper fit on their horses . He also worked on other ranches in Arizona , New Mexico , and Nevada , as well as Texas .   He broke horses for the U.S. government during World War II at El Reno in Canadian County , Oklahoma . After the war , he operated two leather goods businesses in Tulsa , where his clients included the city police . In 1949 , he returned to Dickens County and settled in the Spur community . He relocated his shop to Dickens in 1968 . After 1970 , he concentrated exclusively until his death on saddlemaking . His Tooter Cannon Saddles were prized by ranchers and rodeo riders because they were designed to fit the contour of the horse 's back . A Tooter Cannon saddle or a pair of his boots is usually passed down within families . It is rare to find anything made by Cannon for sale on the open market . His work is found in a number of private collections . Customers often waited for Cannon to fill their orders , rather than finding other available saddlemakers .   Cannon , who outlived all of his siblings , died in a Lubbock hospital at the age of eighty-two . He was a former two-term member of the Dickens Town Council . He was Methodist . Survivors included his second wife , the former Grace Adeline Roberts , then Grace Wheeler ( July 11 , 1908 -- February 14 , 2000 ) , whom he married on April 22 , 1957 , in Santa Fe , New Mexico ; a daughter , Leanora Cannon Houwen , then of Santa Maria in Santa Barbara County , California , but who later returned to Dickens ; two stepsons , Kenneth Wheeler of Hobbs , New Mexico , and Bill Wheeler of San Antonio , eleven grandchildren , nineteen great-grandchildren , and one great-great-grandchild . Cannon also had an older sister named `` Grace '' . Charles and Grace Cannon are interred at Dickens Cemetery .   Over the years , Cannon was cited in newspaper articles , books , magazines , and even a television special . He is permanently honored in the saddlemaking exhibit at the National Ranching Heritage Center in Lubbock .

neg: Bates Well Ranch The Bates Well Ranch ( Juñ Ka : ck ) , also known as the Bates Well , Growler Well , Gray Ranch and El Veit , was one of the fifteen ranches and line camps in the Gray family cattle business in the Sonoran Desert country north of the US-Mexico border in Pima County , Arizona . Operating for nearly 60 years , the ranch is now part of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument .   The main ranch house was moved from Growler Mine to Bates Well in 1942 , re-used in traditional frontier and Gray family practice . Probably originating as a miners ' cabin , the northern portion was presumably added after its relocation at Bates Well . The original well may have been dug by W.B. Bates about 1870 , with a later well dug by Reuben Daniels circa 1913 . An arrastra , a simple ore-milling operation , existed in the early 20th century . The property was developed by Robert Louis Gray 's son , Henry from 1935 on . Henry lived there until his death in 1976 .   The Bates Well property represents a very complete and intact example of the frontier ranching pattern in Arizona typical of the Sonoran Desert during the first third of the twentieth century . The Gray family controlled essentially all ranching operations in the Organ Pipe National Monument area , including Aguajita Spring , Alamo Canyon Ranch , Bonita Well Line Camp , Bull Pasture , Cement Tank , Dos Lomitas Ranch , Dowling Ranch , Gachado Line Camp , Hocker Well , Pozo Nuevo Line Camp , Pozo Salado or Salt Well , Red Tanks Well , Wild Horse Tank and Williams Spring . Ranching operations ceased in 1976 .

neg: Silver Bell, Arizona Silver Bell is a populated place located in the Silver Bell Mountains in Pima County , Arizona . The name `` Silver Bell '' refers to a more recent ghost town , which was established in 1954 and abandoned in the 1970s . The original town , established in 1904 , was named `` Silverbell '' and abandoned in the early 1930s . Both towns were utilized and later abandoned due to the mining of copper in the area .   According to James E. Sherman 's Ghost Towns of Arizona , Silverbell was `` one of the most renowned mining camps in the Southwest , '' and was also described as `` the Hell-hole of Arizona . '' Today nothing remains of the town other than a cemetery .   The later Silver Bell was established when Asarco shifted their attention back to mining in the Silver Bell Mountains in the early 1950s . Located four miles southeast of the original town site , next to the present-day Silver Bell Mine , the town of Silver Bell was also short-lived , and only a few small ruins remain .


query: The Chelsea F.C. is a soccer team.

pos: Football in England Association football is the national sport in England , where the first modern set of rules for the code were established in 1863 , which were a major influence on the development of the modern Laws of the Game . With over 40,000 association football clubs , England has more clubs involved in the code than any other country as well as the world 's first club ( Sheffield F.C. ) , the world 's oldest professional association football club ( Notts County F.C ) , the oldest national governing body ( the Football Association ) , the first national team , the oldest national knockout competition ( the FA Cup ) and the oldest national league ( the English Football League ) . Today England 's top domestic league , the Premier League , is one of the most popular and richest sports leagues in the world , with six of the ten richest football clubs in the world .   The England national football team is one of only 8 teams to win the World Cup , in 1966 . A total of five English club teams have won the UEFA Champions League ( European Cup ) .

pos: Premier League The Premier League is an English professional league for men 's association football clubs . At the top of the English football league system , it is the country 's primary football competition . Contested by 20 clubs , it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League ( EFL ; known as `` The Football League '' before 2016 -- 17 ) . Welsh clubs that compete in the English football league system can also qualify .   The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders . Seasons run from August to May . Teams play 38 matches each ( playing each team in the league twice , home and away ) , totalling 380 matches in the season . Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons ; others during weekday evenings . It is colloquially known as the Premiership and outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League ( EPL ) .   The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League , which was founded in 1888 , and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal . The deal was worth # 1 billion a year domestically as of 2013 -- 14 , with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively . The league generates $ 2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights . In 2014/15 , teams were apportioned revenues of # 1.6 billion .   The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world , broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people . In the 2014 -- 15 season , the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000 , second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga 's 43,500 . Most stadium occupancies are near capacity . The Premier League ranks third in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons .   While 47 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 , only six have won the title : Manchester United ( 13 ) , Chelsea ( 5 ) , Arsenal ( 3 ) , Manchester City ( 2 ) , Blackburn Rovers ( 1 ) and Leicester City ( 1 ) . The current champions are Chelsea , who secured the 2016 -- 17 title in early May 2017 .

pos: UEFA Champions League The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations ( UEFA ) and contested by top-division European clubs . It is one of the most prestigious tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club competition in European football , played by the national league champion ( and , for some nations , one or more runners-up ) of each UEFA national association . The UEFA Champions League final is the most watched annual sporting event worldwide . The final of the 2012 -- 13 tournament had the highest TV ratings to date , drawing 360 million television viewers .   Introduced in 1992 , the competition replaced the European Champion Clubs ' Cup , or simply European Cup , which had run since 1955 , adding a group stage to the competition and allowing multiple entrants from certain countries . The pre-1992 competition was initially a straight knockout tournament open only to the champion club of each country . During the 1990s , the format was expanded , incorporating a round-robin group stage to include clubs that finished runner-up of some nations ' top-level league . While most of Europe 's national leagues can still only enter their national league champion , Europe 's strongest national leagues now provide up to four teams for the competition , and will provide up to five teams from the 2015 -- 16 season onwards . Clubs that finish next-in-line in each nation 's top level league , having not qualified for the UEFA Champions League competition , may be eligible for the next level UEFA Europa League competition .   In its present format , the UEFA Champions League begins in mid-July with three knockout qualifying rounds and a play-off round . The 10 surviving teams enter the group stage , joining 22 other teams qualified in advance . The 32 teams are drawn into eight groups of four teams and play each other in a double round-robin system . The eight group winners and eight runners-up proceed to the knockout phase that culminates with the final match in May . The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup .   Real Madrid is the most successful club in the competition 's history , having won the tournament 11 times , including its first five seasons . Spanish clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories ( 16 wins ) , followed by England and Italy ( 12 wins apiece ) . The competition has been won by 22 different clubs , 12 of which have won it more than once . Since the tournament changed name and structure in 1992 , no club has managed consecutive wins ; Milan were the last holders to successfully defend their title , in the 1989 -- 90 season . The reigning champions are Real Madrid , who secured their eleventh title in the competition after defeating Atlético Madrid on penalties following a 1 -- 1 draw in the 2016 final .

pos: Chelsea F.C. Chelsea Football Club ( -LSB- ˈtʃɛlsiː -RSB- ) is an English professional football club based in Fulham , London , that competes in the Premier League , of which they are reigning champions . Founded in 1905 , the club 's home ground since then has been Stamford Bridge .   Chelsea had their first major success in 1955 , when they won the league championship . They then won various cup competitions between 1965 and 1971 . The club 's greatest period of success has come during the last two decades ; winning 18 major trophies since 1997 . Chelsea have won six national league titles , seven FA Cups , five League Cups and four FA Community Shields , one UEFA Champions League , two UEFA Cup Winners ' Cups , one UEFA Europa League and one UEFA Super Cup . Chelsea are the only London club to win the UEFA Champions League , and one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions , first English to do so .   Chelsea 's regular kit colours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks . The club 's crest has been changed several times in attempts to re-brand the club and modernise its image . The current crest , featuring a ceremonial lion rampant regardant holding a staff , is a modification of the one introduced in the early 1950s . The club have the sixth-highest average all-time attendance in English football . Their average home gate for the 2016 -- 17 season was 41,507 , the sixth highest in the Premier League . Since 2003 , Chelsea have been owned by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich . In 2016 , they were ranked by Forbes magazine as the seventh most valuable football club in the world , at # 1.15 billion ( $ 1.66 billion ) .

pos: Association football Association football , more commonly known as football or soccer , is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball . It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the world 's most popular sport . The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end . The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal .   Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play , unless they are goalkeepers ( and then only when within their penalty area ) . Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball , but may also use their head or torso . The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins . If the score is level at the end of the game , either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition . The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863 . Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football ( FIFA ; Fédération Internationale de Football Association ) , which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years .

neg: 2012 World Football Challenge The 2012 World Football Challenge was the third World Football Challenge event , a series of friendly soccer matches played in the United States and Canada in July and August 2012 . The series opened on July 18 , 2012 . The opening match was between the Seattle Sounders of Major League Soccer ( MLS ) and Chelsea of the English Premier League , which Chelsea won 4 -- 2 . Real Madrid , who had won the equivalent tournament the previous year , were the only team to win all their matches in normal play .

neg: 1998–99 Chelsea F.C. season The 1998 -- 99 season was Chelsea F.C. 's 94th competitive season , seventh consecutive season in the Premier League and 93rd year as a club .

neg: United States Soccer Federation The United States Soccer Federation ( USSF ) , commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer , is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of the sport of soccer in the United States . With headquarters in Chicago , Illinois , the FIFA member governs U.S. amateur and professional soccer , including the men 's , women 's , youth , beach soccer , futsal , and Paralympic national teams . U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States . The U.S. Soccer Federation also administers and operates the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup , which was first held in 1914 .

neg: Todd Kane Todd Arthur Lucien Kane ( born 17 September 1993 ) is an English footballer who plays for Chelsea , as a right back , but also has the ability to be used as a right wing back , right midfielder as well a left back .

neg: Graeme Le Saux Graeme Pierre Le Saux ( -LSB- ləˈsoʊ -RSB- ; born 17 October 1968 ) is a retired Jèrriais and English professional footballer of French ancestry . He played from 1989 to 2005 starting as a left winger ( often wearing the number 7 shirt - right winger Dennis Wise would wear number 11 ) during his first spell at Chelsea , eventually becoming a left back for Chelsea , Blackburn Rovers and Southampton , and for the England national football team . He came out of retirement in 2012 by signing with Wembley in order to appear in the club 's FA Cup fixtures .   After beginning playing in Jersey , he moved to England and debuted for Chelsea in 1989 . He left Chelsea in 1993 to join the Blackburn side being built by wealthy benefactor , Jack Walker , and was part of their 1994 -- 95 Premier League winning team . In 1997 , he returned to Chelsea , staying there for six seasons until moving to Southampton in 2003 . He announced his retirement from football upon Southampton 's relegation from the Premier League in 2005 .   In his club playing career , he scored 20 goals from 403 club appearances . He was twice named in the Professional Footballers ' Association Team of the Year , in 1995 with Blackburn and in 1998 with Chelsea . His return to Chelsea in 1997 in a # 5 million transfer made him the most expensive defender in English football . As an England international , he made 36 senior appearances from 1994 until 2000 , including starting all four England games at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France , and scoring one international goal , against Brazil .

neg: 2005 FA Community Shield The 2005 FA Community Shield was the 83rd staging of the FA Community Shield , an annual football match contested by the reigning champions of the Premier League and the holders of the FA Cup . It was held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff on 7 August 2005 . The game was played between Chelsea , champions of the 2004 -- 05 Premier League and Arsenal , who beat Manchester United on penalties to win the 2005 FA Cup Final . Chelsea won the match 2 -- 1 in front of a crowd of 58,014 .   This was Chelsea 's fifth Community Shield appearance to Arsenal 's 19th . Relations between the two clubs were hostile before the match , given Chelsea 's illicit attempts to sign Arsenal defender Ashley Cole . In the game Chelsea took the lead when striker Didier Drogba scored in the eighth minute . He scored again in the second half , before Cesc Fàbregas replied for Arsenal with a goal in the 64th minute . José Mourinho praised Chelsea in his post-match interview and felt the team looked comfortable in defence . Opposing manager Arsène Wenger admitted Drogba had presented problems for Arsenal and likened his opponents to a long ball team , who on the day played `` very direct '' .

neg: Everton F.C. Everton F.C. -LSB- ˈɛvərtən -RSB- is a football club in Liverpool , England , that currently competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club have competed in the top division for a record 114 seasons and won the League Championship nine times , and the FA Cup five times .   Formed in 1878 , Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first League Championship two seasons later . Following four League Championship and two FA Cup wins , Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period , until a revival in the 1960s , which saw the club win two League Championships and an FA Cup . The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success , with two League Championships , an FA Cup , and the 1985 European Cup Winners ' Cup . The club 's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup .   The club 's supporters are known as Evertonians . Everton have a rivalry with neighbours Liverpool , and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby . The club have been based at Goodison Park in Walton , Liverpool , since 1892 , after moving from Anfield following a row over its rent . The club 's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks .

neg: Heroes and Villains (football fanzine) Heroes and Villains is the title of a football fanzine written by and primarily aimed at fans of Aston Villa F.C. . It was launched in 1989 , and has been in regular print ever since , long surpassing 100 issues .   It has been edited from the start by Dave Woodhall . Although of course primarily concerned directly with the fortunes of Aston Villa , occasionally other general football articles and humorous , nostalgic pieces are to be found amongst its pages .   It was often critical of Doug Ellis who was the chairman of Aston Villa during the period 1982 to 2006 ( his second spell at the club ) . He was seen by many fans as being complacent and unambitious regarding the fortunes of the team .   As with most fanzines , many articles contain much baiting of local rival football clubs and their fans , in this case chiefly Birmingham City F.C. and West Bromwich Albion F.C.   However , a goodly part of the fanzine 's contents consist of contributors ' personal views on and memories of experiences derived from being a supporter of Aston Villa . Aston Villa 's richly varied history , particularly that of the last 25 years and within living memory of most contributors , consisting as it does of Villa 's League Championship and European Cup winning achievements of '81 and ' 82 , their mid '80s decline culminating in relegation in ' 87 , followed by a revival under Graham Taylor 's management which led to an unexpected league runners-up spot just 3 seasons later , provides much material . As does a further , also unexpected , runners up placing in ' 93 , league cup triumphs in '94 and ' 96 , and the generally solid but unspectacular performance of the team , up to the 2005-2006 season 's underachievements and the broad feeling of dissatisfaction with the way the club was being run .   Something of a running joke in the fanzine concerns Villa 's underachievement in the FA Cup , the club having not won the competition since 1957 , with their only final appearance since then consisting of a dismal performance in losing 1-0 to the pre-Roman Abramovich Chelsea in 2000 . As the 3rd round of the competition - Villa 's usual entry point - approaches each season , many fans come to the agreement that this year is definitely `` our year for the cup ... ''   For the start of the 2014-15 season , the fanzine phased out the paper publishing format of distribution , and is now available only to download to computers , mobile devices , and so on .   The fanzine also spawned a website forum which remains very popular among Villa supporters .

neg: List of Seattle Sounders FC seasons Seattle Sounders FC is a soccer team based in Seattle , Washington , that competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) , the most senior soccer league in the United States . Sounders FC was established in 2007 as an MLS expansion team and began play in 2009 . In addition to the MLS regular season , Seattle also competes in the annual U.S. Open Cup tournament . Depending on the team 's performance in these two competitions , they may also qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs in the same year and the CONCACAF Champions League the following year . The CONCACAF Champions League winner qualifies for the next FIFA Club World Cup .   The Sounders won their first MLS Cup in 2016 , and have won the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup four times and the MLS Supporters ' Shield once , in 2014 . Having won six trophies , Seattle is the sixth most successful MLS club , and one of only two MLS clubs ( with Chicago Fire ) to win at least four U.S. Open Cups .   Sigi Schmid was the club 's head coach from the inaugural season in 2009 to 2016 ; he was replaced by Brian Schmetzer , initially as interim coach and later as full head coach .   The list covers the period from 2009 ( when the new club began play ) to the present day . It details the club 's achievements in senior league and cup competitions , the top scorers and the average attendance for each season .

neg: Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .

neg: Beach soccer Beach soccer , also known as beach football or beasal , is a variant of association football played on a beach or some form of sand .   The game emphasises skill , agility and shooting at goal .   Whilst football has been played informally on beaches for many years , the introduction of beach soccer was an attempt to codify rules for the game . This was done in 1992 by the founders of Beach Soccer Worldwide , a company set up to develop the sport and is responsible for the majority of its tournaments to this day . This was a major foundation for what is now known as beach soccer and what has led to the sport rapidly growing in popularity .   The irregularity of the soft-sand playing surface leads to a totally different style of play than is used in football , with a greater degree of improvisation . The compact field , much smaller than a normal football field , allows players to score from anywhere on the sand , leading to an average of sixty attempts at goal in a single game . With an average of scoring rate of one goal every three or four minutes , around eleven goals are scored in total during an average game .

neg: 2015 FA Women's Cup Final The 2015 FA Women 's Cup Final was the 45th final of the FA Women 's Cup , England 's primary cup competition for women 's football teams . The showpiece event was the 22nd to be played directly under the auspices of the Football Association ( FA ) and was named the SSE Women 's FA Cup Final for sponsorship reasons . The final was contested between Chelsea Ladies and Notts County Ladies on 1 August 2015 at Wembley Stadium in London . Chelsea made its second final appearance , after losing the 2012 final . Notts County appeared in its first ever final .   The match was the first women 's final to be staged at Wembley Stadium . Watched by a record crowd of 30,710 and a BBC television audience of nearly two million , Chelsea won the match 1 -- 0 , with a first-half goal from Ji So-yun . Chelsea 's Eniola Aluko was named player of the match .

neg: 2015 FA WSL The 2015 season of the Women 's Super League was the fifth season of the FA WSL , the top-level women 's football league of England . The season was played from 25 March to 4 October .   Liverpool L.F.C. were the defending champions from the 2014 FA WSL . Chelsea became the title winners and together with Manchester City ( who finished as runners-up ) qualified for the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Women 's Champions League .   This was the second season since the WSL 2 was introduced . As part of a two-year expansion plan , the WSL 1 will increase to nine teams for the 2016 season . By the end of the 2015 season two teams ( Reading and Doncaster Rovers Belles ) were promoted from WSL 2 to WSL 1 and only one team ( Bristol Academy ) relegated to WSL 2 , with one team being promoted from Premier League to WSL 2 .

neg: Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II .   The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final .   Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .

neg: Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II .   The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final .   Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .

neg: List of Fulham F.C. players (1–24 appearances) Fulham Football Club is an English professional football team based in Fulham in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham . The club was formed in West Kensington in 1879 as Fulham St Andrew 's Church Sunday School F.C. , before shortening it to Fulham F.C. in 1888 . They initially played at Fulham Fields before a move to Craven Cottage in 1896 . They played their first match as a professional football club in December 1898 and made their FA Cup debut in the 1902 -- 1903 season . The club also competed in the Southern Football League until 1907 , when they were accepted into the Football League Second Division . Having spent much of their history outside the top division , the team gained promotion to the Premier League in 2001 . They have since spent more than ten years in the top flight and reached the final of the UEFA Europa League in 2010 . In 2014 they were relegated to the Football League Championship .   Since the club 's first competitive match , more than 800 players have made an appearance in a competitive match , of which 477 have played only a handful of matches ( including substitute appearances ) ; all players who have made fewer than 25 appearances for the club are listed below . Dennis Adeniran , Cameron Burgess , Larnell Cole , Cyriac , Luca de la Torre , Tayo Edun , Jack Grimmer , Stephen Humphrys , Jesse Joronen , Thanos Petros , Ragnar Sigurdsson and George Williams are the current squad members who have played less than 25 matches for Fulham .

neg: List of non-League clubs in the Fifth Round of the FA Cup since 1945 Since the end of the Second World War in 1945 , nine non-League football clubs -- that is , clubs outside the divisions of The Football League and , since 1992 , the Premier League -- have reached the Fifth Round of the FA Cup , to become one of the last 16 clubs in the competition . To date , only Lincoln City has subsequently reached the Sixth Round , or `` quarter finals '' . The last non-League team to reach the quarter finals ( then the Fourth Round ) was Queens Park Rangers in 1914 , when the Football League had just two divisions .   The most recent example of a non-league team beating top-flight opposition in the FA Cup was Lincoln City 's Fifth Round victory away at Burnley in 2017 . The last time a non-league side beat top-flight opposition at home in the FA Cup was Sutton United 's Third Round victory over Coventry City in 1989 .   In 2017 , two non-League teams made it to the Fifth Round of the competition , Lincoln City and Sutton United . This was the first time two non-League teams has appeared made it this far in the same season since the establishment of the Football League in 1888 . Lincoln City subsequently became the first non-League team in 103 years and the first since World War II to make the quarter finals , but lost 5-0 to Arsenal .

neg: Fenway Sports Group Fenway Sports Group , LLC ( FSG ) , is an American sports investment company . It is the parent company of Major League Baseball 's Boston Red Sox and Premier League soccer club Liverpool F.C.   FSG was founded in 2001 as New England Sports Ventures ( NESV ) when John W. Henry joined forces with Tom Werner , Les Otten , The New York Times Company , and other investors to successfully bid for the Red Sox . NESV formally announced its name change to Fenway Sports Group in March 2011 .   In addition to owning the Red Sox and Liverpool F.C. , the Boston-based limited liability company also owns the home stadiums for both teams ( Fenway Park and Anfield ) and Fenway Sports Management ( which in turn owns the Salem Red Sox of the Class A Carolina League , a minor league baseball franchise ) , plus 80 % of the New England Sports Network ( NESN ) and 50 % of Roush Fenway Racing , with cars entered ( current as of 2015 season ) in the NASCAR Sprint Cup , NASCAR Xfinity and IMSA Sports Car racing competitions .   In an April 2014 article in Forbes , senior editor Kurt Badenhausen called FSG `` the most sophisticated , synergistic player in the coming age of international sports conglomerates '' .

neg: 3v3 Soccer 3v3 Soccer is a variety of soccer played between two teams . Each team may only have 3 players on the field at a time ( hence providing the name , `` 3 v 3 '' , `` 3 versus 3 '' , or `` 3 on 3 '' ) . This style of soccer is more commonly referred to as a `` small-sided '' game , as compared to a full game with larger teams . The field used is smaller than a regulation soccer pitch , instead it typically is 30 yards wide by 40 yards long , although these dimensions vary quite a bit when the game is played indoors due to the varied styles and sizes of indoor pitches . It uses a much smaller goal than fullsided soccer . In most 3v3 there is no keeper , although one variant , 3v3 Micro Soccer , does use a keeper .   `` 3v3 Soccer '' is claimed to be the fastest growing form of soccer in the World . Its greatest popularity is in the United States , where hundreds , and perhaps thousands of Tournaments take place each year , however it is also now begun to catch on in many other countries . Nike helped to popularize it with its international Joga3 Joga Bonito Tour back in 2006 , in which teams qualified at local events around the World , culminating in a big 3v3 World Cup played in Brazil .   It is a much faster paced , and higher scoring game than traditional full sided soccer . The speed of the attack , the use of triangulation , and the strategies bring aspects of Hockey into the game . The quick shift from one end of the field to the other after a goal is scored , or upon loss of possession is reminiscent of Basketball . It requires the blending of individual skills with teamwork .   Its gain in popularity is largely because every member of the team gets equal playing time , and equal touches on the ball . All players on the field are a part of the play . Because of the speed of the game , and the fact that players are constantly in motion , there are frequent substitutions . A typical player may be rotated on six times or more in one game . There are no permanently assigned positions as there are in full sided soccer , giving each team member equal status and equal importance . This helps to develop individual skills .   Currently there are Four major tours in the United States , Colorado based Kick it 3v3 Soccer http://www.kickit3v3.com/ with their World Championship 's held at the ESPN Wide World Of Sports Complex in Florida , Utah based 3v3 Live , Florida based Challenge3v3 and 3v3 World Tour , a 3v3 soccer tour that offers a 3v3 ranking system . There is also a new California based US 3v3 Soccer is promoting 3v3 soccer throughout California and the West . Canada also finally has its own home grown tour attempting to promote 3v3 there . Ontario based Ultimate 3 on 3 Soccer is the first Canadian based 3v3 Soccer Tour .

neg: Blackburn Rovers F.C. Blackburn Rovers Football Club -LSB- ˈblækbɜrn_ˈroʊvərz -RSB- is a professional association football club based in Ewood , Blackburn in the county of Lancashire , England . It competes in League One following its relegation from the Championship at the conclusion of the 2016 -- 17 season .   The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 . It is one of only three clubs to have been both a founder member of the Football League and the Premier League ( the others being Aston Villa and Everton ) . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups and one Football League Cup . Blackburn are the only extant club to have won three consecutive FA Cups . The club has spent the majority of its existence in the top flight of English football ( 72 years ) .   In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998 -- 99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000 -- 01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times : once as League Cup winners , twice as the Premier League 's sixth-placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup . The 2011 -- 12 season marked the club 's 72nd , non-consecutive , year in the top flight . Rovers are currently one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League , along with Arsenal , Chelsea , Manchester United , Manchester City and Leicester City .   The club 's motto is `` Arte et Labore '' , `` By Skill and Hard Work '' in Latin .


query: Conan O'Brien is unable to be a television producer.

pos: Conan O'Brien Conan Christopher O'Brien ( born April 18 , 1963 ) is an American television host , comedian , and television producer . He is best known for hosting several late-night talk shows ; since 2010 he has hosted Conan on the cable channel TBS . O'Brien was born in Brookline , Massachusetts , and was raised in an Irish Catholic family . He served as president of The Harvard Lampoon while attending Harvard University , and was a writer for the sketch comedy series Not Necessarily the News .   After writing for several comedy shows in Los Angeles , he joined the writing staff of Saturday Night Live . O'Brien was a writer and producer for The Simpsons for two seasons until he was commissioned by NBC to take over David Letterman 's position as host of Late Night in 1993 . A virtual unknown to the public , O'Brien 's initial Late Night tenure received unfavorable reviews and remained on a multiweek renewal cycle during its early years . The show generally improved over time and was highly regarded by the time of his departure in 2009 . Afterwards , O'Brien relocated from New York to Los Angeles to host his own incarnation of The Tonight Show for seven months until network politics prompted a host change in 2010 .   Known for his spontaneous hosting style , which has been characterized as `` awkward , self-deprecating humor '' , O'Brien 's late-night programs combine the `` lewd and wacky with more elegant , narrative-driven short films ( remotes ) '' . He has hosted Conan since 2010 and has also hosted such events as the Emmy Awards and Christmas in Washington . O'Brien has been the subject of a documentary , Conan O'Brien Ca n't Stop ( 2011 ) , and has also hosted a 32-city live comedy tour .   With the retirement of David Letterman on May 20 , 2015 , O'Brien became the longest-working of all current late-night talk show hosts in the United States , at 22 years .

pos: The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition .   The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) .   Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 .   The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .

neg: 24th Primetime Emmy Awards The 24th Emmy Awards , later known as the 24th Primetime Emmy Awards , were handed out on May 6 , 1972 . The ceremony was hosted by Johnny Carson . Winners are listed in bold and series ' networks are in parentheses .   The top shows of the night were All in the Family and Elizabeth R. All in the Family set numerous records during the night , it became the first show to win six major awards , ( although one came in a tie , this record would be broken by other shows that won six major awards outright ) . It also became the first non-anthology drama to receive at least ten major nominations .   A milestone was set when All in the Family and Columbo each received every nomination in a major category , both for writing . This feat has become extremely rare as the field of nominees expanded to five and later six . Glenda Jackson also made history by receiving three acting nominations for the same performance as Queen Elizabeth I in Elizabeth R , rules changes have made this impossible in later ceremonies .

neg: The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . )   The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation .   The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 .   A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM .   The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .

neg: Scream Awards The Scream Awards were an award show dedicated to the horror , sci-fi , and fantasy genres of feature films . Originally only having Scream Queen and Heroic Performance awards for actors , the personnel awards have expanded to include actors and actresses of all three recognized genres . In addition , comic books awards were also given and have been recently expanded . It is broadcast on Spike TV and has been branded in the past as the Spike TV Scream Awards . Subsequently , the show was relabeled simply Scream with the respective year , i.e. Scream 2009 . The show was created by executive producers Michael Levitt , Cindy Levitt , and Casey Patterson .   The Scream Awards ceremonies were cancelled following the 2011 Scream Awards .

neg: Streamy Awards The Streamy Awards , often referred to as the Streamys , are presented annually by Dick Clark Productions and Tubefilter to recognize and honor excellence in online video , including directing , acting , producing , and writing . The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented takes place in Los Angeles , California . They were the first envelope-opening live-streamed award show .   The Streamy Awards were created by Executive Producers Drew Baldwin , Brady Brim-DeForest and Marc Hustvedt of Tubefilter and Joshua Cohen and Jamison Tilsner of Tilzy.tv .   The winners of awards in over 30 categories , including the Audience Choice and Visionary Award , were announced for the first time on March 28 , 2009 at the 1st Annual Streamy Awards . Winners of the 1st Annual Streamy Awards included individual recipients ( Best Male and Female Actor ) , and web series . Each year , certain awards are presented before the main ceremony at the Streamys Craft Awards .   The 2nd Annual Streamy Awards were hosted by actor/comedian Paul Scheer and streamed live online from the Orpheum Theatre ( Los Angeles , California ) on April 11 , 2010 . The production experienced technical problems as well as interruptions due to people streaking the stage and interrupting the presenters . This show incorporated an online live internet streaming broadcast . Due to poor reception and execution of the show , the IAWTV halted its production of the award ceremony and formed their own Web TV awards presentation .   Tubefilter joined Dick Clark productions to produce the 3rd Streamy Awards in 2013 .   The 5th Streamy Awards were broadcast live on VH1 on September 17 , 2015 .

neg: James Wormworth James Wormworth is an American drummer and percussionist . Wormworth is a member of Jimmy Vivino and the Basic Cable Band on the TBS late night comedy program , Conan . Wormworth often appeared as house drummer during the band 's run as The Max Weinberg 7 on Late Night with Conan O'Brien . Wormworth joined the band as a full-time member when O'Brien became the host of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien .   Wormworth is the band 's full-time drummer on O'Brien 's TBS talk show Conan ( talk show ) .   Wormworth has a strong preference toward playing the drums with his feet completely bare , as exhibited when he wears a full suit with bare feet while playing on television .   He is the son of the legendary jazz drummer Jimmy Wormworth and the brother of bass guitarist Tracy Wormworth .

neg: To the Contrary To The Contrary with Bonnie Erbé is PBS 's all-women news-analysis program . The show airs weekly on over 251 PBS stations in the United States , in Canada , and internationally on Voice of America TV . It was created by host Bonnie Erbé and is produced by Persephone Productions in Washington , D.C. . Cari Weiss Stein is executive producer of To the Contrary . Luis Mazariegos has been the producer since 2013 .   For the first six years of broadcast the show was filmed at the Maryland Public Television studios in Owings Mills , Maryland .   Launched on April 1 , 1992 , each week the show features four female panelists from various backgrounds including politicians , journalists , activists , and professional commentators . These women , with host and moderator Bonnie Erbé , discuss various issues in the news , mainly affecting women , children , families and communities of color . It is a half-hour program .   The show tries to focus on how the news affects people , not simply politics .

neg: Conan (2004 video game) Conan is a action-adventure role-playing video game based on the literary character Conan the Barbarian created by Robert E. Howard . It was developed by Slovak developer Cauldron and released for the Xbox , GameCube , PlayStation 2 , and Microsoft Windows in Europe .

neg: Olbermann (TV series) Olbermann is a television sports talk show hosted by Keith Olbermann on the American cable network ESPN2 . The show , broadcast live daily from Times Square Studios in New York City , premiered on August 26 , 2013 , and featured Olbermann offering commentary and analysis on issues in the sports world .   Olbermann aired at 5:00 PM Eastern on ESPN2 each day . From its premiere until September 5 , 2014 , Olbermann aired at 11:00 PM Eastern ( with some exceptions ) . The move to the afternoon also saw the show reduced in length by half , airing for thirty minutes instead of sixty . ESPNEWS rebroadcast each episode of Olbermann three times following its initial airing ; at 6:30 p.m. , 2:00 a.m. , and at 5:00 a.m.   On July 10 , 2015 , two days after ESPN declined to renew his expiring contract , Olbermann announced on air that the series would be coming to an end on July 24 . The announcement came after The Hollywood Reporter claimed that ESPN wanted Olbermann to tone down his critical commentary , but the network claimed the move was to cut costs related to Olbermann 's salary and the use of the space at Times Square Studios , claims later confirmed by an aborted move of Mike & Mike to the same facility and releases of other network talent at the end of their contracts throughout 2015 and into 2016 .

neg: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program The Primetime Emmy Award for Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program is awarded to one television documentary or nonfiction series each year .   Prior to 2006 , nonfiction and reality programs competed together until the Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming category was created .   In the following list , the first titles listed in gold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place .   __ TOC __

neg: James O'Brien (filmmaker) James Edward O'Brien ( born December 6 , 1969 ) is an American independent film director , screenwriter and producer .

neg: History of Saturday Night Live (1995–2000) Saturday Night Live is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show 's run . The show has aired on NBC since 1975 .   After a disastrous 1994 -- 95 season featuring a mix of old and new characters , Michaels decided to once again revamp the cast , keeping only five cast members and hiring six . The 1995 -- 96 season once again saved the show from cancellation , introducing a new era of Saturday Night Live characters and sketches that were highly popular with audiences .   This cast stayed mostly stable until the 1998 -- 99 season , which added cast members such as Jimmy Fallon and Horatio Sanz . These two would pave the way for the next era of Saturday Night Live in the early 2000s .

neg: Barry Meyer Barry M. Meyer is an American television producer , who served as Chairman of Warner Bros. . Entertainment .

neg: TV Nation TV Nation is a satirical newsmagazine television series written , directed and hosted by Michael Moore that was co-funded and originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and BBC2 in the United Kingdom . The show blended humor and journalism into provocative reports about various issues . After moving to Fox for its second ( and final ) season , the show won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Informational Series .   TV Nation was created in the wake of the success Moore had with the documentary Roger & Me , prompting Warner Bros. . Television to ask Moore for television series ideas . In January 1993 , NBC green-lit a pilot episode which took three months to complete . Interest from the BBC prompted NBC to insert the show into its summer 1994 lineup .

neg: Chris Thompson (TV producer) Chris Thompson ( 1952 -- June 26 , 2015 ) was an American television writer , producer and director . Since 1977 , he wrote and produced for the television series Laverne & Shirley and The Larry Sanders Show . He had also created , written and produced Bosom Buddies , The Naked Truth , Action , Ladies Man and the Disney Channel original series , Shake It Up ! , as well co-written the feature films Jumpin ' Jack Flash and Back to the Beach .

neg: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies , the supporting categories were not always genre , or even gender , specific . Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards , supporting actors in comedy have competed alone . However , these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries , telefilms , and guest performers competing against main cast competitors . Such instances are marked below :   # -- Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film , prior to the category 's creation .  § -- Indicates a performance as a guest performer , prior to the category 's creation .

neg: The Late Show The Late Show may refer to :   The Late Show is an umbrella title used by numerous local television stations in North America from the 1950s to the 1990s for their late night broadcasts of old movies  Late Show ( CBS TV series ) , an American television talk show broadcast on CBS since 1993 , formerly hosted by David Letterman , and currently hosted by Stephen Colbert .  Late Show with David Letterman ( 1993 -- 2015 )  The Late Show with Stephen Colbert ( 2015 -- present )  The Late Show ( Australian TV series ) , the Australian comedy television show of 1992 -- 1993  The Late Show ( Fox TV series ) , ( 1986-1988 ) a late-night American talk show broadcast by the Fox Network starring Joan Rivers for its first seven months followed by Arsenio Hall in 1987 and then Ross Shafer in 1988 and guest hosts at various times .  The Late Show a late night entertainment and talk show which currently airs in Scotland on STV Glasgow from 2015  The Late Show ( BBC TV series ) , a British arts series which aired from late 1989 to 1995  The Late Show ( CBC radio ) , a radio documentary program about obituaries  The Late Show ( film ) , a film from 1977 written and directed by Robert Benton  Late Show , a 1999 German film by director Helmut Dietl  The Late Show ( album ) , a live album by jazz saxophonists Eddie `` Lockjaw '' Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded in 1961  The Late Show ( 1950s TV series ) , a 1957 -- 1959 Australian television variety series

neg: Mike O'Brien (actor) Michael Patrick O'Brien ( born June 22 , 1976 ) , is an American actor , writer , and comedian , best known for his work as a writer and short filmmaker on Saturday Night Live .

neg: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series . This award and Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series replaced Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Series in 2003 .   As of 2015 , no show has won this award more than once except for The Office , which has won twice ( 2007 and 2013 ) .   In the following list , the first titles listed in gold and bold are the winners ; those not in gold are nominees , which are listed in alphabetical order . The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place :   __ TOC __

neg: Food Network Food Network ( legally known as Television Food Network ) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Television Food Network , G.P. , a joint venture between Scripps Networks Interactive ( which owns 70 % of the network ) and the Tribune ( FN ) Cable Ventures Inc. ( which owns the remaining 30 % ) . Despite this ownership structure , the channel is managed as a division of Scripps Networks Interactive . The channel airs both specials and regular episodic programs about food and cooking .   In addition to its headquarters in New York City , Food Network has offices in Atlanta , Los Angeles , San Francisco , Chicago , Detroit , Jersey City , Cincinnati , and Knoxville , Tennessee .   As of February 2015 , Food Network is available to approximately 96,931,000 pay television households ( 83.3 % of households with television ) in the United States .

neg: Jim Michaels Jim Michaels ( born September 12 , 1965 in Chicago , Illinois ) is an American television producer . He is the son of Anna Mae and Robert Michaels and was raised in the suburbs of Des Plaines and Arlington Heights . Michaels graduated from John Hersey High School in Arlington Heights , Illinois and attended the University of Evansville and graduated with a degree in Business . Michaels ran the in house computer graphics department at a studio at MCA/Universal . Michaels then moved into television production , eventually producing the NBC series Midnight Caller for NBC and Reasonable Doubts . Michaels other series included ; Charlie Grace for ABC ; The Guardian and dr. Vegas for CBS ; Odyssey 5 ; for Showtime ; and Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman . Michaels is a member of the Producer 's Guild of America , Directors Guild of America , Screen Actors Guild , The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences , American Film Institute and has guest lectered at the Academy of Art , UCLA and NYU . Michaels worked with Ali LeRoi and Chris Rock producing the television series Everybody Hates Chris for four seasons and has now joined the production team at Supernatural for the 2009 -- 2017 seasons .


query: Jennifer Grey was born on the 27th.

pos: Jennifer Grey Jennifer Grey ( born March 26 , 1960 ) is an American actress . She is known for her roles in the 1980s films Ferris Bueller 's Day Off ( 1986 ) and Dirty Dancing ( 1987 ) , for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination . She is also known for her 2010 victory in season eleven of the American version of Strictly Come Dancing . Grey is the daughter of Academy Award -- winning actor Joel Grey and former actress/singer Jo Wilder . Grey currently stars in the Amazon Studios comedy series Red Oaks .

neg: House of Grey The House of Grey is an ancient noble English family originating from Creully in Normandy . Its name , initially having been difficult to comprehend in the English language , was variously transliterated as Grey , Grai , Greye , Gray , etc. .   In the Middle Ages , the Grey family was first ennobled as Barons Grey of Codnor , of Ruthyn and of Wilton ( later being elevated as viscounts , earls , marquesses and dukes ) .

neg: Greydon Square Eddie Collins ( born September 28 , 1981 ) , better known by his stage name Greydon Square , is an American rapper from Compton , California . He is a former U.S. Army soldier and Iraq War veteran who is also an outspoken atheist . He promotes discussion on philosophical issues in both his music and life . He has been named as the 47th top atheist , and has referred to himself as the `` Black Carl Sagan '' after the name being used in a Phoenix New Times article .

neg: Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .

neg: Jennifer Young Jennifer Young ( born August 21 , 1969 ) is an American film producer and photographer .

neg: Shades of Grey (Delilah song) `` Shades of Grey '' is a single recorded by British singer Delilah . The song was released as a digital download single on 18 December 2011 in the United Kingdom as the fifth single from her debut album , From the Roots Up . The song was written and produced by Paloma Ayana and Reginald Perry .

neg: Geoffrey Gordon (composer) Geoffrey Gordon ( born 28 August 1968 ) is an American composer of classical music .

neg: Jennifer Welles Jennifer Welles ( born March 15 , 1937 ) is an American former pornographic actress in films of the 1970s , although she began her acting career in the late 1960s in the softcore sexploitation genre  films produced in New York . Some of these include : Sex by Advertisement ( 1967 ) , Career Bed , Submission , and This Sporting House , by pornographic film director Henri Pachard ( all from 1969 ) .

neg: Gray rape Gray rape or grey rape is sex for which consent is unclear . The term was popularized by Laura Sessions Stepp in her 2007 Cosmopolitan article `` A New Kind of Date Rape '' , which says gray rape is `` somewhere between consent and denial and is even more confusing than date rape because often both parties are unsure of who wanted what '' . The term has been criticized . Lisa Jervis , founder of Bitch magazine , argued that gray rape and date rape `` are the same thing '' , and that the popularization of gray rape constituted a backlash against women 's sexual empowerment and risked rolling back the gains women had made in having rape taken seriously . Former Manhattan chief of sex crimes Linda Fairstein states that `` in the criminal justice system there 's no such thing as gray rape '' . ConsentEd , a Canadian nonprofit sexual education foundation , dismisses the idea of gray rape , stating that in rape , perpetrators know exactly what they are doing ; rape is not an accident .

neg: Jennifer James Jennifer James ( born Jennifer Marie Reynolds ; 3 December 1977 ) is an English actress born in Billinge Higher End , Wigan in Greater Manchester . She played the role of Geena Gregory in Coronation Street .

neg: Grey's Anatomy (season 4) The fourth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , commenced airing in the United States on September 27 , 2007 and concluded on May 22 , 2008 . The season continues the story of a group of surgeons and their mentors in the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital , describing their professional lives and the way they affect the personal background of each character . Season four had twelve series regulars with ten of them returning from the previous season , out of which eight are part of the original cast from the first season . The season aired in the Thursday night timeslot at 9:00 EST. . In addition to the regular seventeen episodes , a clip-show narrated by the editors of People recapped previous events of the show and made the transition from Grey 's Anatomy to Private Practice , a spin-off focusing of Dr. Addison Montgomery and aired on September 19 , 2007 , before the season premiere . The season was officially released on DVD as a five-disc boxset under the title of Grey 's Anatomy : Season Four -- Expanded on September 9 , 2008 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment .   For the first time in the show 's history , many cast changes occur , seeing the first departure of two main cast members . Despite garnering several awards and nominations for the cast members and the production team , the season received a mixed response from critics and fans . Show creator Shonda Rhimes heavily contributed to the production of the season , writing five out of the seventeen episodes . The highest-rated episode was the season premiere , which was watched by 20.93 million viewers . The season was interrupted by the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike , which resulted in the production of only seventeen episodes , instead of twenty-three originally planned .

neg: Paris Grey Paris Grey ( born Shanna Jackson , November 5 , 1965 , Glencoe , Illinois , United States ) is an American singer , most known for her work with the Detroit-based techno-music producer Kevin Saunderson , as Inner City . The group found international crossover success in the late 1980s and early 1990s with a mixture of electronic beats , sweeping synthetic strings , and Paris 's soulful vocals on tracks such as `` Good Life , '' `` Big Fun , '' and `` Ai n't Nobody Better . ''   Grey recorded three Inner City albums , a Detroit techno compilation album , and an extended remix collection of Inner City tracks . A notable project for Grey prior to joining Inner City was the Chicago House 12-inch club hit `` Do n't Make Me Jack ( Tonite I Wan na House You ) '' on Housetime Records . Originally , Grey sang gospel music .

neg: Jennifer Kydd Jennifer Kydd ( born 1976 ) is a Canadian actress best known for her role as Paige Bradshaw in the Global Television series Falcon Beach .

neg: Jennifer DeLia Jennifer Renée DeLia ( born September 30 , 1979 ) is an American screenwriter , director , actress , artist , and humanitarian . She is currently based in lower Manhattan where she operates her production company Poverty Row Entertainment .

neg: Geoff Johns Geoff Johns ( born January 25 , 1973 ) is an American comic book and television writer , film producer , and television producer . He is the president and Chief Creative Officer at DC Comics ; he has served in the latter position since 2010 . His most notable work in different media has used the DC Comics characters Green Lantern , Aquaman , Flash , and Superman . He is well known for his work on The WB/The CW 's Smallville , Arrow and The Flash .   He is also a comic book retailer who co-owns Earth-2 Comics in Northridge , California with Carr D'Angelo and Jud Meyers .

neg: 27 (opera) 27 ( or Twenty-Seven ) is an opera by composer Ricky Ian Gordon and librettist Royce Vavrek in a prologue and five acts that explores the relationship of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas , and the salons that they hosted at their residence at 27 rue de Fleurus in Paris . Commissioned by Opera Theatre of Saint Louis for mezzo-soprano Stephanie Blythe , the opera premiered on June 14 , 2014 , in a production directed by James Robinson at the Loretto-Hilton Center in St. Louis , Missouri .   Pittsburgh Opera staged the work in February 2016 . The work was premiered in New York City in October 2016 at New York City Center with Stephanie Blythe , , Theo Lebow , , and Daniel Brevik . Ted Sperling conducted the Orchestra of St. Luke 's and Gordon composed new material specially for the MasterVoices chorus .

neg: Natural Causes (Skylar Grey album) Natural Causes is the third studio album by American recording artist Skylar Grey . It is her second album since her stage name change from Holly Brook to Skylar Grey . It was released on September 23 , 2016 , by KidinaKorner and Interscope Records .

neg: Greyson Greyson may refer to :   Ashley Greyson , film and music video director , cinematographer , editor , and producer  Bruce Greyson , M.D. ( born 1946 ) , Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Virginia  Greyson Chance ( born 1997 ) , American pop rock singer and pianist  Greyson Fletcher ( born 1991 ) , professional skateboarder and actor  Greyson Gunheim ( born 1986 ) , free agent American football defensive end  John Greyson ( born 1960 ) , Canadian filmmaker , whose work frequently deals with gay themes   de : Grayson  fr : Grayson  it : Grayson  pt : Grayson  sv : Grayson  vo : Grayson

neg: Janine Turner Janine Turner ( born Janine Loraine Gauntt ; December 6 , 1962 ) is an American actress best known for her roles as Maggie O'Connell in the television series Northern Exposure , as Jessie Deighan , in the feature film Cliffhanger , and as Katie McCoy in Friday Night Lights . She is the author of two books , Holding Her Head High , released on The Washington Post best seller list ( Thomas Nelson publisher ) and A Little Bit Vulnerable : On Hollywood , God , Sobriety , & Politics . ( Dunham Books ) . She is an active public speaker and founder and co-chair of Constituting America .

neg: Jennifer (album) Jennifer is the third album by singer Jennifer Warnes , released on the Reprise Records label in 1972 . It was produced by former The Velvet Underground member John Cale .   It sold poorly and was deleted in 1973 or 1974 and remained completely unavailable until 2013 when Japanese Reprise finally reissued it on CD ( WPCR-14865 ) .

neg: Leave the Light On (Memoir) Leave the Light On is the second memoir written by Jennifer Storm . The book deals with Storm 's recovery from drug and alcohol addiction and her experiences coming out of the closet . The book is the companion to Blackout Girl : Growing Up and Drying Out in America . It has been called `` fearlessly honest '' and `` courageous '' by We Magazine for Women .