query: Geraldine Chaplin was a person with a professional vocation.

pos: Geraldine Chaplin Geraldine Leigh Chaplin ( born July 31 , 1944 ) is a prolific actress of English , French , and Spanish language films , the fourth child of Charlie Chaplin , the first of eight with fourth wife Oona O'Neill . After beginnings in dance and modeling , she turned her attention to acting , and made her American acting debut ( and came to prominence in what would be a Golden Globe -- nominated role ) in her portrayal of Tonya in David Lean 's Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . She made her Broadway acting debut in Lillian Hellman 's The Little Foxes in 1967 , and received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman 's Nashville ( 1975 ) . She also appeared in his other pictures , including Buffalo Bill and the Indians , or Sitting Bull 's History Lesson ( 1976 ) , and A Wedding ( 1978 ) . She received a BAFTA nomination for her role in Welcome to L.A. ( 1976 ) , and then appeared in Roseland ( 1977 ) and Remember My Name ( 1978 ) . She played her grandmother Hannah Chaplin in the biopic , Chaplin ( 1992 ) for which she received her third Golden Globe nomination . She also appeared in The Age of Innocence ( 1993 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1996 ) , Mother Teresa : In the Name of God 's Poor ( 1997 ) , and a decade later , in The Wolfman ( 2010 ) .   Chaplin has appeared in a wide variety of critically recognised Spanish and French films . She starred in Claude Lelouch 's Les Uns et les Autres ( 1981 ) , the Alain Resnais comedy Life Is a Bed of Roses ( 1983 ) and the Jacques Rivette experimental film Love on the Ground ( 1984 ) . She enjoyed her greatest critical success collaborating with Carlos Saura , starring in several notable films by the director , including Ana and the Wolves ( 1973 ) , Cría cuervos ( 1976 ) , Elisa , vida mía ( 1977 ) , and Mamá cumple cien años ( 1979 ) . She collaborated with Pedro Almodóvar in Talk to Her ( 2002 ) . She was awarded a Goya Award for her role in En la ciudad sin límites ( 2002 ) , and was nominated again for The Orphanage ( 2007 ) . Her contribution to Spanish cinema culminated in her being awarded the Gold medal by the Spanish Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences in 2006 .   Chaplin had a long term relationship with Spanish film director Carlos Saura , giving birth to their son , Shane Suara , in 1976 . A subsequent long-term relationship with Chilean cinematographer Patricio Castilla ( married , 2006 ) , gave her a daughter , Oona , born 1986 . As of 2011 , Chaplin maintained homes in Miami , Florida , in the United States , and in Madrid , Spain , and Corsier-sur-Vevey , Switzerland .

neg: Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry .   The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement .   On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field .   The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948  and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .

neg: Radiographer Radiographers , also known as radiologic technologists , diagnostic radiographers and medical radiation technologists are healthcare professionals who specialise in the imaging of human anatomy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathology . Radiographers are infrequently , and almost always erroneously , known as x-ray technicians . In countries which use the title radiologic technologist they are often informally referred to as techs in the clinical environment ; this phrase has emerged in popular culture such as television programmes .   Radiographers work in both public and private healthcare and can be physically located in any setting where appropriate diagnostic equipment is located , most frequently in hospitals . Their practice varies country to country and can even vary between hospitals in the same country .   Radiographers are represented by a variety of organisations worldwide , including the International Society of Radiographers and Radiologic Technologists ( ISRRT ) which aims to give direction to the profession as a whole through collaboration with national representative bodies .

neg: Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers .   Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection .   In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate .   The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) .   One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk .   The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .

neg: Elsa Buchanan Elsa Buchanan ( 22 December 1908 -- 17 January 2004 ) was an English character actress with a brief career in theatre and film .   Born Elsie Winifred Buchanan Tinker , Buchanan made her stage debut at age three at the Palace Theatre , London at a performance attended by Queen Mary . Buchanan was later the first Briton admitted to the training school of the Académie française .   She made seventeen films in the United States , where she was noted for her blonde hair and called `` the girl with the largest eyes and the smallest waist in Hollywood . '' She accepted the proposal of her husband , a merchant sailor named Noll Charlton , while attending a coronation ball for King George VI and retired from film thereafter .   Shortly before her death saw Gosford Park , in which one of the characters , a Hollywood producer , discusses casting for Charlie Chan in London , inviting a blonde maid to audition for the part that she actually played in that film .

neg: Intermediate film system The intermediate film system was a television process in which motion picture film was processed almost immediately after it was exposed in a camera , then scanned by a television scanner , and transmitted over the air . This system was used principally in Britain and Germany where television cameras were not sensitive enough to use reflected light , but could transmit a suitable image when a bright light was shown through motion picture film directly into the camera lens . John Logie Baird began developing the process in 1932 , borrowing the idea of Georg Oskar Schubert from his licensees in Germany , where it was demonstrated by Fernseh AG in 1932 and used for broadcasting in 1934 . The BBC used Baird 's version of the process during the first three months of its then - `` high-definition '' television service from November 1936 through January 1937 , and German television used it during broadcasts of the 1936 Summer Olympics . In both cases , intermediate film cameras alternated with newly introduced direct television cameras .   The exposed film , either 35mm or 17.5 mm ( 35mm split in half , to save expense ) , travelled in a continuous band from the camera , usually atop a remote broadcast vehicle , into a machine that developed and fixed the image . The film was then run through a flying spot scanner ( so called because it moved a focused beam of light back and forth across the image ) , and electronically converted from a negative to a positive image . Depending on the equipment , the time from camera to scanner could be a minute or less . An optical soundtrack was recorded onto the film , between the perforations and the edge of the film , at the same time the image was taken to keep the sound and image in synchronization .   The intermediate film system , with its expensive film usage and relatively immobile cameras , did have the advantage that it left a filmed record of the programme which could be rerun at a different time , with a better image quality than the later kinescope films , which were shot from a video monitor .   Television tubes developed by Farnsworth and Zworykin in the United States , and by EMI in England , with much higher sensitivity to light , made the intermediate film system obsolete by 1937 . Film continued to be used for time-shifting and as a long-term storage until electronic video recorders were invented .

neg: Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .

neg: The House of Mirth (1981 film) The House of Mirth is a 1981 American television film directed by Adrian Hall . It is based on Edith Wharton 's novel of the same name . It stars Geraldine Chaplin as the protagonist , Lily Bart . The film was part-funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities . It was broadcast on WNET on 2 November 1981 .

neg: Training Training is teaching , or developing in oneself or others , any skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies . Training has specific goals of improving one 's capability , capacity , productivity and performance . It forms the core of apprenticeships and provides the backbone of content at institutes of technology ( also known as technical colleges or polytechnics ) . In addition to the basic training required for a trade , occupation or profession , observers of the labor-market recognize the need to continue training beyond initial qualifications : to maintain , upgrade and update skills throughout working life . People within many professions and occupations may refer to this sort of training as professional development

neg: Geraldine Cummins Geraldine Dorothy Cummins ( 1890 -- 1969 ) was an Irish spiritualist medium , novelist and playwright . She began her career as a creative writer , but increasingly concentrated on mediumship and `` channelled '' writings , mostly about the lives of Jesus and Saint Paul , though she also published on a range of other topics .   Her novels and plays typically documented Irish life in a naturalist manner , often exploring the pathos of everyday life .

neg: Giraffes on Horseback Salad Giraffes on Horseback Salad , also called The Surrealist Woman , was a screenplay written in 1937 by Salvador Dalí for the Marx Brothers . It was to be a love story between a Spanish aristocrat named `` Jimmy '' ( to be played by Harpo Marx , with whom Dalí was friends ) and a `` beautiful surrealist woman , whose face is never seen by the audience '' . Dalí considered that the central theme of the film would be `` the continuous struggle between the imaginative life as depicted in the old myths and the practical and rational life of contemporary society '' and hoped that the film score could be written by Cole Porter .   The screenplay was never produced ( although Tate Modern curator Matthew Gale has suggested that Dali may have considered an actual production to be beside the point ) ; Harper 's Magazine posits that this was because Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , the Marx Brothers ' studio at the time , considered it to be too surreal ( proposed scenes included gas mask-wearing giraffes on fire , and Harpo Marx using a butterfly net to capture `` the eighteen smallest dwarfs in the city '' ) . Conversely , the Telegraph alleges that Groucho Marx felt that the screenplay just was n't funny .   For several years , Giraffes was thought to be lost . In 1991-92 , New York City theater collective Elevator Repair Service produced Marx Brothers on Horseback Salad , combining scenes from an attempted reconstruction of the screenplay ( based partially on having `` watched every Marx Brothers film they could find '' ) with scenes of Dalí 's real-life interactions with Harpo Marx and Susan Fleming . In 1996 , the actual screenplay was found amid Dalí 's personal papers .

neg: Cartoonist A cartoonist ( also comic strip creator ) is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons . This work is often created for entertainment , political commentary , or advertising . Cartoonists may work in many formats , such as animation , booklets , comic strips , comic books , editorial cartoons , graphic novels , manuals , gag cartoons , graphic design , illustrations , storyboards , posters , shirts , books , advertisements , greeting cards , magazines , newspapers , and video game packaging .

neg: Georges Méliès filmography Georges Méliès ( 1861 -- 1938 ) was a French filmmaker and magician generally regarded as the first person to recognize the potential of narrative film . He made about 520 films between 1896 and 1912 , covering a range of genres including trick films , fantasies , comedies , advertisements , satires , costume dramas , literary adaptations , erotic films , melodramas , and imaginary voyages . His works are often considered as important precursors to further developments in modern narrative cinema , though some recent academicians have argued that Méliès 's films are better understood as spectacular theatrical creations rooted in the 19th-century féerie tradition .   After attending the first demonstration of the Lumière Brothers ' Kinetoscope in December 1895 , he bought a film projector from the British film experimenter Robert W. Paul and began using it to project short films at his theater of illusions , the Théâtre Robert-Houdin , in Paris . Having studied the principles on which Paul 's projector ran , Méliès was able to modify the machine so that it could be used as a makeshift camera . He began making his own short films with it in May 1896 , founded the Star Film Company in the same year , and built his own studio in Montreuil , Seine-Saint-Denis in 1897 . His films A Trip to the Moon ( 1902 ) , The Kingdom of the Fairies ( 1903 ) , and The Impossible Voyage ( 1904 ) were among the most popular films of the first few years of the twentieth century , and Méliès built a second studio , complete with artificial light fittings , in 1907 . However , various factors ( American film piracy , price standardizations prescribed in 1908 by the Motion Picture Patents Company , and the waning popularity of fanciful magic films chief among them ) led eventually to Méliès 's financial ruin and the closing of his studio . His last films were made under the supervision of the rival filmmaker Charles Pathé , and in 1922 -- 23 Méliès sold his studios , closed the Théâtre Robert-Houdin , and discarded his own collection of his negative and positive prints . In 1925 he began selling toys and candy from a stand in the Gare Montparnasse in Paris . Thanks to the efforts of film history devotées , especially René Clair , Jean George Auriol , and Paul Gilson , Méliès and his work were rediscovered in the late 1920s , and he was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1931 .   In the list below , Méliès 's films are numbered according to their order in the catalogues of the Star Film Company . In Méliès 's numbering system , films were listed and numbered according to their order of production , and each catalogue number denotes about 20 meters of film ( thus , for example , A Trip to the Moon , at about 260 meters long , is listed as # 399 -- 411 ) . The original French release titles , as well as the original titles used in the US and UK versions of the Star Film catalogues , are listed in the body of the filmography ; notable variant titles are provided in smaller text . The parenthetical descriptive subtitles used in the catalogues ( e.g. scène comique ) are also provided whenever possible . Films directed by Méliès but not originally released by the Star Film Company ( such as The Coronation of Edward VII , released by Charles Urban , or The Conquest of the Pole , released by Pathé Frères ) are also included . Where available , the list also includes information on whether each film survives , survives in fragmentary form , or is presumed lost . Unless otherwise referenced , the information presented here is derived from the 2008 filmography prepared by Jacques Malthête , augmented by filmographies prepared in the 1970s by Paul Hammond and John Frazer .

neg: Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage .   Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Professional performances Professional performances , as opposed to amateur performances , are those in which performers receive payment for their performances . Professional performances are engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional actor is someone who derives income by participating in professional performances . A professional theatre company auditions actors to perform in their professional theatre . The company sells tickets ; actors receive payment for their performances . This is the same for musicians , dancers , comedians . Also see : professional sports .   A professional performer is a person in a profession that requires certain types of skilled work requiring formal training or education . In western nations , such as the United States , the term commonly describes highly educated , salaried workers , who enjoy considerable work autonomy , economic security , a comfortable salary , and are commonly engaged in creative and intellectually challenging work . A professional athlete is someone who derives income by participating in competitive sports . Sometimes also called `` commercial grade '' .

neg: Geraldine (2000 film) Geraldine is a 2000 French animated short film , directed by , while he was attending Arts Decos ' . Critical reception has been positive , and the film has been honored in multiple festivals . The story follows a former man who must adjust to her new life after inexplicably waking up one morning as a woman . In 2004 , the film was released on a DVD compilation of French animated short films .

neg: Substitution splice The substitution splice is a cinematic special effect in which film makers achieve an appearance , disappearance , or transformation using a cut . It is sometimes also called the stop trick or the stop motion substitution , although the effect is achieved through film editing rather than by literally stopping the camera .   The pioneering French filmmaker Georges Méliès claimed to have accidentally developed substitution splicing while filming street traffic at the Place de l'Opéra in Paris . According to his story , his camera jammed and stopped ; by the time he had solved the difficulty , the traffic had moved on . When the film was screened , a man appeared to change into a woman , and an omnibus seemed to turn into a hearse . No evidence has emerged to support this story , which was probably entirely invented by Méliès . According to the film scholar Jacques Deslandes , it is more likely that Méliès discovered the substitution splice by carefully examining a print of the Edison Manufacturing Company 's 1895 film The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots , in which a primitive version of the trick appears . In any case , the substitution splice was both the first special effect Méliès perfected , and the most important in his body of work .   For some time , film theorists mistakenly believed that the camera was actually stopped for the effect , and then restarted ( hence the occasionally used term `` stop trick '' ) . However , later film historians such as Richard Abel and Elizabeth Ezra established that the effect was the result of Méliès 's careful frame matching during the editing process , creating a seamless match cut out of two separately staged shots . Indeed , Méliès often used substitution splicing not as an obvious special effect , but as an inconspicuous editing technique , matching and combining short takes into one apparently seamless longer shot . Substitution splicing could become even more seamless when the film was colored by hand , as many of Méliès 's films were ; the addition of painted color acts as a sleight of hand technique allowing the cuts to pass by unnoticed .   The substitution splice was the most popular cinematic special effect in early film fantasies , especially those that evolved from the stage tradition of the féerie . Segundo de Chomón is among the other filmmakers who used substitution splicing to create elaborate fantasy effects . D.W. Griffith 's 1909 film The Curtain Pole , starring Mack Sennett , used substitution splices for comedic effect . The transformations made possible by the substitution splice were so central to early fantasy films that , in France , such films were often described simply as scènes à transformation .   This technique is different from the stop motion technique , in which the entire shot is created frame by frame .

neg: Noël Coward Society The Noël Coward Society is an international society founded with the agreement of Coward 's literary agent and Estate to celebrate the life and work of Sir Noël Coward .   The Noël Coward Society was founded in 1999 to study and promote and enjoy the many aspects of Cowards achievements . It owns an extensive archive of recordings and written works and is attempting to become the official on-line archive of all things `` Coward '' .   The Noël Coward Society is managed by Noël Coward Ltd. , a charitable company . It is currently administered from Norwich , Norfolk , UK , and has a membership of just over 700 people worldwide . The day-to-day running of the Society is managed by an organising committee . The Society has representatives in France , Australia and the USA . Each year it celebrates the birth of Noël Coward at the Noël Coward Theatre and the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane on the nearest Friday to his birthdate . The celebration consists of the AGM of the Society at the Noël Coward Theatre followed by a celebrity from the theatre world laying flowers on the statue of Sir Noël Coward in the foyer of the Theatre Royal . The Annual Lunch follows in the Grand Saloon at the theatre , followed by a cabaret .   In 2002 , Ken Starrett was appointed the North American Director of The Noel Coward Society and in 2003 , Starrett organized an annual birthday celebration which took place in December in the USA . The event included the flower laying ceremony at The Gershwin Theatre in Manhattan and a special lunch . Among the celebrities who have placed flowers in front of Coward 's statue are Tammy Grimes , Keir Dullea , Tony Walton , Kitty Carlisle Hart , Hayley Mills , Marian Seldes , Jim Dale , Victor Garber , Christine Ebersole , Dick Cavett . Stephen Fry , Joan Copeland , Jamie Ross , Penny Fuller , and Dana Ivey . There is also a similar ceremony at Firefly Estate ( Coward 's home ) in Jamaica . On December 31 , 2016 , Ken Starrett officially stepped down after serving as North American Director of The Noel Coward Society for fourteen years .

neg: The Freak The Freak was an unfinished dramatic comedy from Charles Chaplin . The story revolved around a young South American girl who unexpectedly sprouts a pair of wings . She is kidnapped and taken to London , where her captors cash in by passing her off as an angel . Later she escapes , only to be arrested because of her appearance . She is further dehumanized by standing trial to determine if she is human at all .   Chaplin began work in and around 1969 with his daughter Victoria in mind for the lead role . However , Victoria 's abrupt marriage and his advanced age proved roadblocks and the film was never made . Chaplin biographer Jeffrey Vance maintains that Chaplin script for The Freak `` borrows many themes , ideas , and even phrases from his three previous films but is nevertheless an original story filled with marvelous Chaplin comedy touches . '' Vance , who interviewed Victoria Chaplin , believes The Freak `` had strong potential for being a very moving -- and fitting -- swan song . '' Chaplin 's memoir , My Life in Pictures ( 1974 ) , describes The Freak as a work still in progress . He also mentioned his intent to make it in an interview on his 85th birthday in 1974 . `` I mean to make it someday '' , Chaplin writes in a caption alongside a photograph of Victoria in winged costume published in My Life in Pictures . No footage from the film is known to exist , though brief color footage of Victoria in wings can be seen in Charlie Chaplin - Les années suisses ( 2003 ) .

neg: Peter Cotes Peter Cotes ( 19 March 1912 -- 10 November 1998 ) was an English director , producer , actor , writer and production manager .   Cotes was born as Sydney Boulting in Maidenhead , Berkshire . His twin brothers John and Roy Boulting became noted film makers . He began as an actor , before concentrating on theatre production . He was the original director of the world 's longest-running production The Mousetrap , still playing at the St Martins Theatre , London . He wrote several books , including an acclaimed biography of Charlie Chaplin in 1951 .   He was twice married : Myfanwy Jones ( marriage annulled ) and Joan Miller ( widowed 1988 ) . He died from natural causes in Chipping Norton , Oxfordshire , aged 86 .


query: Allen Iverson was 6 inches tall.

pos: Allen Iverson Allen Ezail Iverson ( born June 7 , 1975 ) is an American professional basketball player who played for 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played both the shooting guard and point guard positions . Iverson was an eleven-time NBA All-Star , won the All-Star game MVP award in 2001 and 2005 , and was the NBA 's Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) in 2001 .   Iverson attended Bethel High School in Hampton , Virginia , and was a dual-sport athlete . He earned the Associated Press High School Player of the Year award in both football and basketball , and won the Division AAA Virginia state championship in both sports . After high school , Iverson attended Georgetown University for two years , where he set the school record for career scoring average ( 22.9 points per game ) and won Big East Defensive Player of the Year awards both years .   Following two successful years at Georgetown , Iverson declared eligibility for the 1996 NBA draft , and was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers with the first overall pick . He was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in the 1996 -- 97 season . Winning the NBA scoring title during the 1998 -- 99 , 2000 -- 01 , 2001 -- 02 , and 2004 -- 05 seasons , Iverson was one of the most prolific scorers in NBA history , despite his relatively small stature ( listed at 6 feet , 0 inches ) . His regular season career scoring average of 26.7 points per game ranks sixth all-time , and his playoff career scoring average of 29.7 points per game is second only to Michael Jordan . Iverson was also the NBA Most Valuable Player of the 2000 -- 01 season and led his team to the 2001 NBA Finals the same season . Iverson represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics , winning the bronze medal . He also played for the Denver Nuggets , Detroit Pistons , and the Memphis Grizzlies , before ending his NBA career with the 76ers during the 2009 -- 10 season .   Iverson was rated the fifth-greatest NBA shooting guard of all time by ESPN in 2008 . He officially announced his retirement from professional basketball on October 30 , 2013 . On April 4 , 2016 , Iverson was elected into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame .

neg: Patrick Allen (bowler) Patrick Allen ( born September 23 , 1970 ) is a left-handed ten-pin bowler currently on the Professional Bowlers Association ( PBA ) Tour . He has won 13 PBA titles , including two majors ( 2005 Denny 's World Championship and 2009 H&R Block Tournament of Champions ) . A long-time resident of Tarrytown , New York , Allen relocated to Wesley Chapel , Florida for several years before returning to his home state . He now resides in Mount Kisco , New York .   Allen joined the PBA in 1999 , and became a full-time member the following year . He won his first PBA title in 2002 at the Greater Detroit Open . His finest season as a pro came in 2004 -- 05 , when he earned PBA Player of the Year honors and led the Tour in points . That season , he made match play in 19 of 21 events , made five TV finals appearances , won three titles ( including his first major ) and cashed $ 350,740 in earnings . The earnings rank as the second-highest all-time in a PBA season , behind only the monster $ 419,700 season posted by Walter Ray Williams Jr. in 2002 -- 03 . Allen also made the top-five in all four major tournaments in 2004 -- 05 , the only time that has been accomplished since the ABC/USBC Masters became an official PBA event in 1998 .   Allen added three titles in the 2008 -- 09 season , at the National Bowling Stadium Championship , Tournament of Champions and Dydo Japan Cup . He has not won a title since that season .   Known to his fans and fellow pro bowlers as `` P.A. '' or `` Hoss , '' Allen became the PBA 's 36th career millionaire in 2007 . His career PBA Tour earnings through the end of the 2016 season stood at over $ 1.39 million , with total PBA earnings at over $ 1.44 million . He has 29 PBA Regional titles . He was ranked # 44 on the PBA 's 2008 list of `` 50 Greatest Players of the Last 50 Years . '' Through the 2016 season , he has recorded 41 perfect 300 games in PBA events .   Allen represented the PBA East Region and won the 2015 PBA Regional Challenge finals , a non-title event held at the PBA World Series of Bowling in Reno , NV . In the victory over defending PBA Regional Challenge champion Josh Blanchard , Allen rolled the first ten strikes of the game before leaving a 6-pin on the eleventh shot and settling for a 289 game .

neg: Howard Engleman Howard G. `` Rope '' Engleman ( November 20 , 1919 -- January 12 , 2011 ) was an American college basketball standout at the University of Kansas from 1939 to 1941 . He was tall , weighed 170 pounds ( 82 kg ) . and played the forward position . As a senior in 1940 -- 41 , Engleman averaged 16.5 points per game and became just the second Jayhawk to be named a Consensus First Team All-American . Engleman led Kansas to two Big Six Conference regular season championships and as runners-up in the 1940 National Championship . The Jayhawks lost to Indiana , 60 -- 42 , but Engleman was the tournament 's top scorer after scoring 39 points in three games . When asked about the preparations to play against the Hoosiers , Engleman responded :   `` We did n't know what to expect because we had never seen Indiana . The only scouting report we had was a letter from a KU alumnus back there -LSB- in Indiana -RSB- . ''   After graduating , Engleman joined the Navy and fought in World War II . After the war ended , he would become an assistant coach under Phog Allen after he graduated in 1941 . In the middle of the 1946 -- 47 season , Allen became sick and was ordered by doctors to rest , and Engleman resumed the remainder of the season as the interim head coach . In the final 14 games of the season , Engleman compiled an 8 -- 6 record .   He had his jersey retired on March 1 , 2003 .

neg: Leon Rose Leon Rose ( born around 1961 ) is an attorney and sports agent , based in New Jersey , near Philadelphia . He represents a number of prominent NBA players , including Allen Iverson and formerly LeBron James .   Rose grew up in Cherry Hill , New Jersey and attended Cherry Hill High School East , where he played basketball and was later inducted into the school 's hall of fame . Rose graduated from Dickinson College , where he played on the basketball team , and earned his law degree at Temple University Beasley School of Law . He was inducted into the Philadelphia Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2011 .

neg: Ashley Howard (basketball) Ashley Howard is a professional basketball player from Philadelphia . He is 6 feet tall and weighs 170 pounds .

neg: Colonel Routh Goshen Routh Goshen , born Arthur James Caley ( 1824 -- February 12 , 1889 ) was most commonly known as Colonel Routh Goshen or the Arabian Giant or the Palestine Giant . He was billed as the tallest man in the world at 7 ft , 11 inches ( 2.41 m ) and 620 pounds ( 280 kg ) but was most likely no more than 7 ft , 5 inches ( 2.26 m ) and 400 pounds ( 180 kg ) . His true origins were kept secret from the public during his performance years in the United States and were obscured by the many apocryphal biographies that were created to publicize him . His actual origins came out slowly after his death . His birth name was Arthur James Caley and he was born on the Isle of Man in 1824 . His fictional biographies said he was born in Jerusalem on May 5 , 1837 . After his retirement in the 1880s , he settled in Middlebush , New Jersey and gained the nickname the Middlebush Giant .

neg: Bernard Coyne (giant) Bernard A. Coyne ( July 27 , 1897May 20 , 1921 ) is one of only 17 individuals in medical history to have stood 8 feet tall or more . Coyne may have reached a height of tall at the time of his death in 1921 . His World War I draft registration card , dated 29 August 1918 , lists his height as 8 feet . The Guinness Book of World Records stated that he was refused induction into the Army ( 1918 ) when he stood at a height of 7 feet 9 inches .   Coyne was the tallest ever eunuchoidal infantile giant , a condition also known as Daddy Long-Legs Syndrome . He was the tallest person in the world at the time of his death when , like Robert Wadlow , he was still growing . He reportedly wore size 24 ( American ) shoes .   Bernard Coyne died of hardening of the liver and of a glandular disorder in 1921 . He is buried in Anthon , Iowa , in a specially-made , extra-large coffin .

neg: Tyrees Allen Tyrees Allen ( born July 31 , 1954 ) is an American actor on stage , television , and film .   Allen was born in Salina , Kansas . In 1972 , he graduated from Salina Central High School . He later attended Marymount College in Salina , where he graduated with a degree in Theater Arts .   Allen 's fifty-five television credits include these : series regular roles on Women 's Murder Club and Dark Blue ; recurring and guest roles on The Practice , Alias , Cold Case , Without A Trace , Castle , Scandal , CSI : Miami , and Brothers & Sisters .   Allen appeared in New York in the 2000 Broadway production of Aida and the 2003 Broadway revival of William Shakespeare 's Henry IV .   In May 2013 , Allen played the role of `` Troy Maxson '' in the August Wilson play Fences at the African-American Repertory Theater in DeSoto , Texas .

neg: Hakeem Abdul-Shaheed Hakeem Abdul-Shaheed , aka Midget Molley , born Robert Edward Molley on March 4 , 1959 , is an American convicted drug dealer and organized crime leader . Robert Molley acquired the nickname ` Midget ' from his family , in reference to his short height . He stands at 5 ' 2 '' .

neg: Les Selvage Lester Revell Selvage ( March 7 , 1943 -- June 15 , 1991 ) was an American professional basketball player .   A 6 ' 1 '' guard from Beaumont High School in St. Louis , Missouri , Selvage played college basketball at Kirksville State Teachers College ( now Truman State University ) . He was named to the All-MIAA First Team in 1963 . After college , he moved to California to work with Douglas Aircraft , but continued to play Amateur Athletic Union basketball on the side . He was discovered and signed by the ABA 's Anaheim Amigos in 1967 , and appeared in 78 games for the team during the 1967-68 season , averaging 14 points per game . Selvage also was briefly a member of the 1969-1970 Los Angeles Stars team .   Selvage was known for his eagerness to shoot three-pointers , and led the ABA in three-point field goals made ( 147 ) and attempted ( 461 ) during the 1967-68 season . Selvage himself attempted more threes that season than any other ABA team except the Pittsburgh Pipers , and once shot 26 three-pointers in a single game , making 10 . Former Denver Rockets coach Bob Bass recalled , `` He acted like if he stepped over -LSB- the three-point line -RSB- , he was going to get killed or something . He did n't just shoot 25-footers -- he took 30-footers . -LSB- ... -RSB- All he could do was shoot , and he shot too much . But when he was hot , he was unlike anything I had ever seen . ''   Selvage died in 1991 after a brief illness .

neg: Allentown Jets The Allentown Jets were a minor league basketball team that played in the Eastern Professional Basketball League ( later the Eastern Basketball Association and Continental Basketball Association ) from 1958 to 1981 . The team was one of the most dominant franchises in CBA/Eastern League history , winning eight playoff championships and 12 division titles .   Originally formed in 1957 as the Wilmington Jets , the team relocated in 1958 to Allentown , Pennsylvania . Among the Jets ' top players were center Roman `` Big Daddy '' Turmon , Ray Scott scorer , rebounder Harthorne Wingo , and 3-point specialist Brendan McCann & Bill `` BO '' White . The Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame inducted Richard Koffenberger , who played for the team in Wilmington . The Jets had a working agreement with the New York Knicks , who sent several players to Allentown for playing time .   In 1964 , the Jets played an interleague contest with the Grand Rapids Tackers of the Midwest Professional Basketball League . The Jets won 138-136 , winning the only minor league `` World Series of Basketball '' interpromotional game ever held .   In 1979 , the franchise rebranded itself as the `` Lehigh Valley Jets , '' in an effort to greater regionalize its fanbase ; however , after the 1980-81 season the Jets closed up for good .

neg: Jared Allen Jared Scot Allen ( born April 3 , 1982 ) is a former professional American football defensive end . After playing college football for Idaho State University for four years , he was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League ( NFL ) in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft .   After four years with the Chiefs , he was traded to the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for three draft picks , including a first-rounder . He spent six years with the Vikings before joining the Chicago Bears as a free agent in 2014 . During the 2015 season , he was traded to the Carolina Panthers , with which he made his first career Super Bowl . A five-time Pro Bowl and four-time All-Pro selection , Allen tallied 136 quarterback sacks during his 12-year career .

neg: Earl Boykins Earl Boykins ( born June 2 , 1976 ) is an American former basketball player who played for twelve teams in fourteen professional seasons . Standing at 5 feet , 5 inches in height , he is the second shortest player in NBA history behind Muggsy Bogues , who was 5 feet , 3 inches tall . Despite his size , he is reportedly able to bench press 315 pounds . He is currently the head coach for the Douglas County High School varsity basketball team .

neg: James White (basketball) James William White IV ( born October 21 , 1982 ) is an American professional basketball player for Petrochimi Bandar Imam of the Iranian Basketball Super League . Standing at a height of 6 ' 7 '' , and weighing 215 lbs , he plays the positions of shooting guard and small forward . White earned the nickname ` Flight 75 ' due to his leaping ability .   White is well known for his athleticism and his ability to dunk . Since high school , his most famous dunk has been the between-the-legs dunk , with many variations . He is also known for his ability to jump from the free throw line and dunk a basketball with both hands . ` Flight ' White was a runner-up in two notable dunk contests : behind future University of Florida and Golden State Warriors power forward David Lee in the 2001 McDonald 's High School Slam Dunk Contest , and behind North Carolina 's David Noel in the NCAA College Slam Dunk Contest during the 2006 Final Four weekend .

neg: Isaac Spencer Isaac Spencer ( born December 8 , 1977 ) , is an American professional basketball player . At 6 ' 6 '' , he played as a forward .

neg: Tony Weeden Anthony L. Weeden Jr. ( born July 25 , 1982 ) is an American professional basketball player . He is a 184 cm ( 6 ft 1in ) guard . He played competitively at Emmerich Manual High School before transferring to Pike High School where they brought home the 2001 National Championship .

neg: Offensive rating Offensive rating or offensive efficiency is a statistic used in basketball to measure either a team 's offensive performance or an individual player 's efficiency at producing points for the offense . It was created by author and statistician Dean Oliver .   For teams , the formula is : 100 x Pts / 0.5 * ( ( Tm FGA + 0.4 * Tm FTA - 1.07 * ( Tm ORB / ( Tm ORB + Opp DRB ) ) * ( Tm FGA - Tm FG ) + Tm TOV ) + ( Opp FGA + 0.4 * Opp FTA - 1.07 * ( Opp ORB / ( Opp ORB + Tm DRB ) ) * ( Opp FGA - Opp FG ) + Opp TOV ) )   For players , the formula is : Offensive Rating = ( Points Produced / Individual Possessions ) x 100   Points can be produced through field goals , free throws , assists , and offensive rebounds . Individual possessions are the sum of a player 's scoring possessions ( field goals , free throws , plus partial credit for assists ) , missed field goals and free throws that the defense rebounds , and turnovers .

neg: Randy Allen (basketball) James Randall `` Randy '' Allen ( born January 26 , 1965 ) is a retired American professional basketball player born in Milton , Florida .   A forward from Florida State University , Allen was never drafted by an NBA team but did manage to play two years in the league from 1988 to 1990 with the Sacramento Kings . On October 1st , 1990 Allen signed a two-year deal with the Denver Nuggets , but was released after the hiring of head coach Paul Westhead . He was then signed by the Chicago Bulls on October 7th , 1993 but was placed on waivers 10 days after signing . In his NBA career , Allen played in 70 games and scored a total of 252 points . Randy has two sons , Adam Allen and Brandon Allen . Adam played basketball and baseball for the University of Florida . Brandon Allen played professional baseball in the San Francisco Giants organization before joining the Florida State Seminoles men 's basketball team .

neg: Six-man football Six-man football is a variant of American football that is played with six players per team , instead of 11 .

neg: Allen Park, Michigan Allen Park is a working-class suburb in central Wayne County , Michigan . The city is known for its tree-lined streets , brick houses , and the Fairlane Green Shopping Center that opened in 2006 . At the 2010 census , the population was 28,210 . The suburb of Detroit was once recognized in Money Magazine 's list of America 's Best Small Cities . Allen Park is part of the collection of communities known as Downriver . Much like other `` Downriver '' communities , Allen Park has seen a steady decline in recent years , in terms of property value .   Ford Motor Company is an integral part of the community . Many of the company 's offices and facilities lie within the city limits . Since 2002 , Allen Park is the practice home of the Detroit Lions football team and is also the site of the team 's headquarters .

neg: Wild Bill Shrewsberry Billy Lewis `` Wild Bill '' Shrewsberry ( born June 26 , 1938 ) is an American exhibition drag racing driver primarily active throughout the 1960s and 1970s . Originally from Mansfield , Ohio , Shrewsberry moved to Southern California in October 1962 . Shrewsberry is best known as the driver of the drag racing replica of the Barris-built Batmobile from the 1966 television series and of the `` L.A. Dart , '' a series of wheelstanding funny cars each with a rear-mounted , supercharged Chrysler Hemi engine and each sponsored by the Dodge and Plymouth dealers of Los Angeles and Orange Counties . The result of the rearward weight transfer caused by the engine 's mounting position was a `` wheelie '' for the entire quarter-mile at speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour ( 160 km/h ) . Steering was accomplished by a combination of the service brake pedal activating the brake on the left wheel while a brake lever from a racing go-kart activated the right brake . So proficient was Shrewsberry at this sort of driving that he would often spin his car to face the opposite direction at the end of the track and race back to the starting line , all the while maintaining the wheelstand .   He rose to fame in the early 1960s as the driver of one of only six factory-built 1963 Pontiac Tempest Super Duty LeMans-badged coupes and which was campaigned by Mickey Thompson . These six coupes and six station wagon variants , with their 421 in ³ ( 7 L ) Pontiac Catalina engines , transmissions and rear ends replacing the Tempest 's 326 in ³ ( 5.4 L ) engine , rear-mounted Corvair-based transaxle and the small diameter drive shaft often referred to as a `` rope '' were described as `` beyond fast '' . Shrewsberry 's Pontiac dominated the A/FX factory experimental class in the 1963 NHRA `` Winternationals '' with a best time of 12.03 seconds in the quarter mile , an average of .5 seconds faster than the competition . He would later race the car in a modified configuration utilizing Pontiac 's `` Powershift '' transaxle , developed specifically for the Super Duty . It was , in essence , a pair of two-speed Powerglide automatic transmissions joined together in a single four-speed unit . His car retains that setup today .   Shrewsberry also helped develop and pilot the Hurst Hemi Under Glass Plymouth Barracuda later driven by Bob Riggle . He also participated in the development of the Dodge Little Red Wagon driven by Bill `` Maverick '' Golden and the Hurst Hairy Olds Oldsmobile 4-4-2 exhibition dragsters each sponsored by Hurst Performance . Like the `` L.A. Dart '' , the Little Red Wagon and Hemi Under Glass were wheelstanders while the Hurst Hairy Olds had engines both front and rear , each powering an automatic transaxle from an Oldsmobile Toronado .   Shrewsberry 's 1970 L.A. Dart was the subject of a 1/25-scale plastic model kit first produced by Model Products Corporation and since reissued by Model King using the original tooling . That same car , updated for the 1971 season with a 1971 front grille is still owned by Shrewsberry and is undergoing restoration at his son 's home in Ridgecrest . Model kits of the Hemi Under Glass and Hurst Hairy Olds were available as well ; the Plymouth was replicated by MPC and Aurora Plastics Corporation while the Olds was available as a kit from Monogram . In the late 1990s , a 1/64-scale diecast model of the L.A. Dart was issued by Johnny Lightning . Presently , die-cast model manufacturer Highway 61 produces a 1/18-scale replica of Shrewsberry 's Super Duty Tempest ( which Highway 61 designers used as the actual basis for the model ) as well as the 1966 Hemi Under Glass and 1966 Hurst Hairy Olds .   In 1979 , Shrewsberry exhibited a fiberglass 1930 Ford Model A delivery truck sponsored by Knott 's Berry Farm . Dubbed The Berry Wagon and painted by custom car builder Ed Roth , the hemi-powered wheelstander was capable of more than 120 mph ( 190 km/h ) in the quarter-mile , again on its rear bumper .   He maintains a small but important collection of automobiles . In addition to the 1970 -- 71 L.A. Dart , Shrewsberry still owns his 1972 L.A. Dart funny car with flip-up body , his original 1963 Super Duty Tempest ( one of only four remaining ) , the 1965 Hemi Under Glass Barracuda , the Knott 's Berry Wagon , a 1964 Mercury Comet Caliente 427 which he raced in A/FX that year with Jack Chrisman ( one of only 50 built and similar to Ford 's Fairlane Thunderbolt ) , a factory lightweight 1964 Ford Galaxie and until its sale to a collector/dealer in 2010 , a 1966 Ford Mustang GT convertible . Purchased new for US$ 2871.00 , the Mustang is a highly optioned black-on-black car with a high-performance 289 in ³ ( 4.8 L ) engine , four-speed manual transmission , manual front disc brakes , limited slip differential , deluxe `` pony '' interior , styled steel wheels , center console and the `` lighting group '' package which added underhood and trunk lighting . It is also fitted with an extremely rare 8000 RPM Rally-Pac tachometer and clock accessory . The car is in nearly original condition , having accumulated slightly more than 7400 miles ( 11,900 km ) since new . This was due in large part to his relationship with Dodge the following year .   Though retired from racing , Shrewsberry maintains a relationship with the NHRA museum in Pomona and is often a keynote speaker at car club meets . He resides in the Coachella Valley where he pursues a hobby in model aviation and where the two L.A Dart cars are presently undergoing restoration .


query: Tall Story was directed by Joshua Logan in 1959.

pos: Tall Story Tall Story is a 1960 American romantic comedy film made by Warner Bros. , directed by Joshua Logan and starring Anthony Perkins with Jane Fonda , in her first screen role , at the age of 22 . It is based on the 1957 novel `` The Homecoming Game '' by Howard Nemerov , which was the basis of a successful 1959 Broadway play , called Tall Story , by the writing team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . The film was a considerable departure from Logan 's previous two projects , the drama Sayonara , which won multiple Academy Awards , and the blockbuster South Pacific and was Robert Redford 's first film ever , where he played an uncredited basketball player .   Tall Story is a farcical social satire of American campus life , making fun of the way college life can become a marriage market for some students . Fonda portrays a character who is the complete opposite of the independent liberated woman she later personified .

neg: The Shakedown (1959 film) The Shakedown is a 1959 crime-drama film directed by John Lemont , starring Terence Morgan , Hazel Court , and Donald Pleasence . It was filmed in the United Kingdom .   The film was banned in Finland ( known there as Häväistyksen kauppiaat ) .

neg: An Interesting Story An Interesting Story is a 1904 British short silent comedy film , directed by James Williamson , showing a man so engrossed in his book he is dangerously oblivious to what happens around him .

neg: Privilege (film) Privilege is a 1967 British film directed by Peter Watkins and produced by John Heyman . Johnny Speight wrote the story , and Norman Bogner wrote the script . Some of it was filmed on location in Birmingham , England , partly at Birmingham City F.C. 's St Andrew 's stadium and at Birmingham Town Hall .

neg: Cornelius Ambrosius Logan Cornelius Ambrosius Logan ( born Baltimore , Maryland , May 4 , 1806 ; died on the Ohio River near Wheeling , then in the state of Virginia , February 22 , 1853 ) was an American actor , playwright , and journalist who was father to a famous family of actresses and writers .   Born in America to Irish immigrant parents , Logan was educated for the Catholic priesthood at St. Mary 's Seminary in Baltimore , but then entered a shipping house , where his work led him to travel to Europe several times . He next became a journalist , and after working as a drama critic began to write plays and act himself . He moved to Cincinnati with his growing family in 1840 where he operated the `` National Theater '' . He later operated theaters in other cities and traveled with his oldest daughter Eliza , playing comic `` yankee '' roles . He also wrote short stories , poetry , notably a well-regarded Ode to the Mississippi , and a defence of the theater against criticism from the pulpit .

neg: Paint Your Wagon (film) Paint Your Wagon is a 1969 Western musical film starring Lee Marvin , Clint Eastwood , and Jean Seberg . The film was adapted by Paddy Chayefsky from the 1951 musical Paint Your Wagon by Lerner and Loewe . It is set in a mining camp in Gold Rush-era California . It was directed by Joshua Logan .

neg: Climbing High Climbing High is a 1938 British comedy film directed by Carol Reed and produced by Michael Balcon with a screenplay by Sonnie Hale , Marion Dix and Lesser Samuels . It stars Jessie Matthews , Michael Redgrave , Noel Madison , Margaret Vyner and Alistair Sim , and was first released in the U.K. in November 1938 .

neg: Gideon's Day (film) Gideon 's Day ( originally released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard ) is a 1958 police procedural crime film starring Jack Hawkins , Dianne Foster and Cyril Cusack . The film , which was directed by John Ford , was adapted from John Creasey 's novel of the same name .  It was released in the United States as Gideon of Scotland Yard .   Although this is the first film to feature the named character of George Gideon , Jack Hawkins had already played a very similar role in the British film The Long Arm two years earlier .

neg: Higher and Higher (film) Higher and Higher is a 1944 musical film starring Michèle Morgan , Jack Haley , and Frank Sinatra ( in his film debut ) , loosely based on a 1940 Broadway musical written by Gladys Hurlbut and Joshua Logan . The film version , written by Jay Dratler and Ralph Spence with additional dialogue by William Bowers and Howard Harris , diverges significantly from its source .   The film has songs by Jimmy McHugh ( music ) and Harold Adamson ( lyrics ) , as well as one song by Rodgers and Hart , `` Disgustingly Rich , '' that remains from the stage production .

neg: Operation Stogie Operation Stogie is a 1959 British film .

neg: The FBI Story The FBI Story is a 1959 American drama film starring James Stewart , and produced and directed by Mervyn LeRoy . The screenplay by Richard L. Breen and John Twist is based on a book by Don Whitehead .

neg: West Side Story (soundtrack) West Side Story is the soundtrack to the 1961 film West Side Story . Released in 1961 , the soundtrack spent 54 weeks at No. 1 on Billboard 's album charts , giving it the longest run at No. 1 of any album in history , although some lists instead credit Michael Jackson 's Thriller , on the grounds that West Side Story was listed on a chart for stereo albums only at a time when many albums were recorded in mono . In 1962 , it won a Grammy award for `` Best Sound Track Album -- Original Cast '' and Johnny Richards orchestrations of the movie score ( on Kenton 's West Side Story ) also winning a Grammy in 1962 for `` Best Large Ensemble Jazz Album '' further bolstering the popularity of the movie and soundtrack . In the United States , it was the best-selling album of the 1960s , certifying three times platinum by the RIAA on November 21 , 1986 .   Though the album was released just a few years after the release of the original broadway cast recording , it is according to Broadway Babies preferred by some to the earlier version both sentimentally , as the film succeeded in establishing the musical as a `` popular masterpiece '' , and musically , as it contains `` beefier orchestration '' .

neg: A Chinese Tall Story A Chinese Tall Story is a 2005 Hong Kong fantasy adventure film written and directed by Jeffrey Lau . The story is loosely based on the novel Journey to the West .

neg: Kenyon Building The Kenyon Building was the first skyscraper in Louisville , Kentucky , at six stories tall . It was located on Fifth Street , between Main and Market Streets . It was razed in 1974 and would eventually become the site of the Humana Building .   It was designed in the Chicago school style with Richardsonian Romanesque elements , and opened in 1886 . The architect was Mason Maury .

neg: The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by David Fincher . The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald . The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse and Cate Blanchett as the love interest throughout his life .   The film was released in North America on December 25 , 2008 to positive reviews . The film went on to receive thirteen Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director for Fincher , Best Actor for Pitt and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson , and won three , for Best Art Direction , Best Makeup , and Best Visual Effects .

neg: Professor Joseph Henry Professor Joseph Henry is a bronze outdoor sculpture by William Wetmore Story , depicting Joseph Henry , located in front of the Smithsonian Institution Building in Washington , D.C. . The sculpture is nine feet tall , with a base made from Maine red granite and Quincy gray granite . It was modeled in 1881 , cast the following year , and dedicated on April 19 , 1883 .

neg: Too Much, Too Soon Too Much , Too Soon is a 1958 biographical film made by Warner Bros. . It was directed by Art Napoleon and produced by Henry Blanke from a screenplay by Art Napoleon and Jo Napoleon , based on the autobiography by Diana Barrymore and Gerold Frank . The music score was by Ernest Gold and the cinematography by Carl E. Guthrie . Diana died in 1960 , two years after the release of this film .   It stars Dorothy Malone and Errol Flynn ( as John Barrymore ) , with Efrem Zimbalist Jr. , Ray Danton , Neva Patterson , Murray Hamilton and Martin Milner .

neg: The Last Stagecoach West The Last Stagecoach West is a 1957 American western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Jim Davis , Mary Castle and Victor Jory .   The film 's art direction was by Ralph Oberg .

neg: The Tall Man: Death and Life on Palm Island The Tall Man : Death and Life on Palm Island is a 2008 book by Chloe Hooper . It is about the events surrounding the death in custody of Australian Aboriginal , Cameron Doomadgee .

neg: Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States .   The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists .   Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .

neg: Park Avenue Logger Park Avenue Logger is a 1937 American film directed by David Howard .   The film is also known as Millionaire Playboy in the United Kingdom and Tall Timber ( American reissue title ) .


query: June is the month when the principal photography of Vantage Point (film) began.

pos: Vantage Point (film) Vantage Point is a 2008 American thriller film directed by Pete Travis ; it was adapted from a screenplay written by Barry L. Levy . The story focuses on an assassination attempt on the President of the United States , as seen from the various vantage points of different characters . Dennis Quaid , Matthew Fox , Forest Whitaker , William Hurt , and Sigourney Weaver star in principal roles . The film is often compared , unfavorably , to Akira Kurosawa 's Rashomon , which also employed storytelling through multiple perspectives . Rashomon used the multiple perspectives to question the possibility of truth , in a process called the Rashomon effect ; in contrast , Vantage Point recounts a series of events which are re-enacted from several different perspectives and viewpoints in order to reveal a truthful account of what happened . Vantage Point also explores kidnapping , assassination and terrorism .   The motion picture was co-produced by Relativity Media , Original Film , and Art In Motion . It was commercially distributed by Columbia Pictures theatrically , and by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment in home media format . The film project began principal photography in Mexico City on June 18 , 2006 . Executive producers for the film included Callum Greene , Tania Landau , and Lynwood Spinks . On February 26 , 2008 , the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released by the Varèse Sarabande label . The film score was composed by musician Atli Örvarsson .   Following its premiere on February 22 , 2008 , Vantage Point grossed $ 72,266,306 in domestic ticket receipts . The film was screened at 3,163 theaters during its widest release nationwide in the United States . It earned an additional $ 78,895,185 in business through international release to top out at a combined $ 151,161,491 in gross revenue . The film was technically considered a strong financial success due to its $ 40 million budget costs . Preceding its theatrical run though , the film was met with generally mixed to negative critical reviews . The widescreen DVD and high-definition Blu-ray Disc editions of the film featuring the director 's audio commentary and interviews with the cast and crew , were both released in the United States on July 8 , 2008 .

neg: The End Begins (film) The End Begins is a 1961 Australian TV play shot in ABC 's Melbourne studios .

neg: Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film .   Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally .   Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors .   Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .

neg: June Nunatak June Nunatak is the central of three nunataks in mid-stream of the upper Liv Glacier , standing about 4 nmi southeast of Mount Wells , in the Queen Maud Mountains of Antarctica . It was named by the Southern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition ( 1961 -- 62 ) for Harold June , an aviator and engineer on the South Pole flight of U.S. Navy Commander Richard E. Byrd in 1929 .

neg: Film poster A film poster is a poster used to promote and advertise a film . Studios often print several posters that vary in size and content for various domestic and international markets . They normally contain an image with text . Today 's posters often feature photographs of the main actors . Prior to the 1990s , illustrations instead of photos were far more common . The text on film posters usually contains the film title in large lettering and often the names of the main actors . It may also include a tagline , the name of the director , names of characters , the release date , etc. .   Film posters are displayed inside and on the outside of movie theaters , and elsewhere on the street or in shops . The same images appear in the film exhibitor 's pressbook and may also be used on websites , DVD ( and historically VHS ) packaging , flyers , advertisements in newspapers and magazines , etc. .   Film posters have been used since the earliest public exhibitions of film . They began as outside placards listing the programme of ( short ) films to be shown inside the hall or movie theater . By the early 1900s , they began to feature illustrations of a film scene or an array of overlaid images from several scenes . Other posters have used artistic interpretations of a scene or even the theme of the film , represented in a wide variety of artistic styles .

neg: View Point View Point is 150m long eastern tip of a promontory , on Antarctica , forming the west side of the entrance to Duse Bay on the south coast of Trinity Peninsula , on the northern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula . Situated 6.79 km east of Skomlya Hill and 6.45 km southeast of Boil Point . Discovered by a party under J. Gunnar Andersson of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition , 1901-04 . So named by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey ( FIDS ) following their survey of the area in 1945 because from this promontory , good panoramic photographs were obtained .

neg: Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic .   Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) .   Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .

neg: June Event June Events are alternatives to May Balls held by some Cambridge colleges .   The necessarily high price of May Ball tickets motivates some colleges to host Events instead . These evenings , tending to be shorter in duration and of a much lower key , are more affordable but constrained by a much lower budget .

neg: Encounter Point Encounter Point is an award-winning film directed by Ronit Avni and Julia Bacha . It depicts different families that have been affected by the violence in Israel between Israelis and Palestinians . In this film , Just Vision , a non-profit organization , follows these families for 16 months . It begins this journey by documenting the ongoing troubles between the Israelis and Palestinians . The team conducted 475 preliminary interviews and did two years of research before embarking on this 16-month journey . The crew traveled throughout Israel , from Tel Mond , Tulkarem , Hebron , and Haifa . These parents and loved ones have been attempting to end the violence by joining , or beginning their own peace organizations and awareness campaigns .

neg: Principal Point For `` principal point '' in optics , see Cardinal point ( optics ) .  For `` principal point '' in computer vision , see Pinhole camera model .   Principal Point is a prominent ice-covered headland lying 4 nautical miles ( 7 km ) east of Cape Errera and forming the southeast end of Wiencke Island , in the Palmer Archipelago . First charted by the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot , 1903 -- 05 . The name , applied by the Argentine Antarctic Expedition , 1953 -- 54 , suggests the prominence of the feature .   Category : Headlands of the Palmer Archipelago

neg: American Teen (film) American Teen is a 2008 documentary film directed by Nanette Burstein ( On the Ropes , The Kid Stays in the Picture ) and produced by 57th & Irving . It competed in the Documentary Competition at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival , where it received the Directing Award : Documentary . Following the Sundance Film Festival , the movie was picked up by Paramount Vantage and was released to general cinema July 25 , 2008 .   Much of the movie was filmed at Warsaw Community High School in Warsaw , Indiana . Director Nanette Burstein originally reviewed more than 100 different schools in the pre-production process , and ten schools replied , agreeing to participate . After she interviewed incoming seniors at all 10 , she chose Warsaw .

neg: The Cutting Room (film) The Cutting Room is a 2015 British found footage horror film written and directed by Warren Dudley . The film was released in June 2015 and the bulk of principal photography was shot in Newhaven Fort 's underground labyrinth of dark and winding brick tunnels .

neg: Point State Park Point State Park ( locally known as The Point ) is a Pennsylvania state park on 36 acre in Downtown Pittsburgh , Allegheny County , Pennsylvania , USA , at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers , forming the Ohio River .   Built on land acquired via eminent domain from industrial enterprises in the 1950s , the park opened in August 1974 when construction was completed on its iconic fountain . Pittsburgh settled on the current design after rejecting an alternative plan for a Point Park Civic Center designed by Frank Lloyd Wright .   The park also includes the outlines and remains of two of the oldest structures in Pittsburgh , Fort Pitt and Fort Duquesne . The Fort Pitt Museum , housed in the Monongahela Bastion of Fort Pitt , commemorates the French and Indian War ( 1754 -- 63 ) , in which the area soon to become Pittsburgh was a major battlefield . It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960 for its role in the strategic struggles between Native Americans , French colonists , and British colonists , for control of the Ohio River watershed .

neg: Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera , and to finished motion picture film , ready for use in a projector , which bears images in color .   The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902 . A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor . These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters .   Around 1920 , the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced . These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images , but the final product was a multicolored print that did not require special projection equipment . Before 1932 , when three-strip Technicolor was introduced , commercialized subtractive processes used only two color components and could reproduce only a limited range of color .   In 1935 , Kodachrome was introduced , followed by Agfacolor in 1936 . They were intended primarily for amateur home movies and `` slides '' . These were the first films of the `` integral tripack '' type , coated with three layers of differently color-sensitive emulsion , which is usually what is meant by the words `` color film '' as commonly used . The few color films still being made in the 2010s are of this type . The first color negative films and corresponding print films were modified versions of these films . They were introduced around 1940 but only came into wide use for commercial motion picture production in the early 1950s . In the US , Eastman Kodak 's Eastmancolor was the usual choice , but it was often re-branded with another trade name , such as `` WarnerColor '' , by the studio or the film processor .   Later color films were standardized into two distinct processes : Eastman Color Negative 2 chemistry ( camera negative stocks , duplicating interpositive and internegative stocks ) and Eastman Color Positive 2 chemistry ( positive prints for direct projection ) , usually abbreviated as ECN-2 and ECP-2 . Fuji 's products are compatible with ECN-2 and ECP-2 .   Film was the dominant form of cinematography until the 2010s , when it was largely replaced by digital cinematography .

neg: Set piece In film production , a set piece is a scene or sequence of scenes whose execution requires serious logistical planning and considerable expenditure of money . The term set piece is often used more broadly to describe any important dramatic or comedic highpoint in a film or story , particularly those that provide some kind of dramatic payoff , resolution , or transition . Thus the term is often used to describe any scenes that are so essential to a film that they can not be edited out or skipped in the shooting schedule without seriously damaging the integrity of the finished product . Often , screenplays are written around a list of such set pieces , particularly in high-budget `` event movies '' .   Set pieces are very often planned meticulously using storyboards , screentests , and rehearsals , in contrast to smaller scenes where the director and actors may be more improvisational . Each action requires the combined efforts of different departments : set builders , physical effects , and special visual effects . On most films , different groups of people will work on different set pieces individually since they can take a long time to prepare before shooting . For example , the car chase in The Matrix Reloaded took months to prepare and cost $ 30 million , including $ 5 million to build the freeway set .

neg: Portland Rose Festival The Portland Rose Festival is an annual civic festival held during the month of June in Portland , Oregon . It is organized by the volunteer non-profit Portland Rose Festival Association with the purpose of promoting the Portland region . It includes three separate parades , along with a number of other activities .

neg: Camera lens A camera lens ( also known as photographic lens or photographic objective ) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically .   There is no major difference in principle between a lens used for a still camera , a video camera , a telescope , a microscope , or other apparatus , but the detailed design and construction are different . A lens might be permanently fixed to a camera , or it might be interchangeable with lenses of different focal lengths , apertures , and other properties .   While in principle a simple convex lens will suffice , in practice a compound lens made up of a number of optical lens elements is required to correct ( as much as possible ) the many optical aberrations that arise . Some aberrations will be present in any lens system . It is the job of the lens designer to balance these and produce a design that is suitable for photographic use and possibly mass production .

neg: June (company) June is a home automation company based in San Francisco . Its first product is the June Intelligent Oven , a computer-based , Wi-Fi-enabled , app-connected countertop oven that employs machine learning and computer vision technologies to identify and cook food . The oven was created by `` a team that brought the iPhone , the Fitbit , the GoPro , and Lyft to market . ''

neg: Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film .   The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .

neg: Matchstick Productions Matchstick Productions , also known as MSP Films , is a film production company based in Crested Butte , Colorado that specializes in producing ski movies . Steve Winter and Murray Wais founded the company in 1992 . According to MSP 's website , `` Matchstick aims to create entertaining films that not only are stunning visually but on the cutting edge of action sports . ''   MSP has released a feature-length ski movie every year since 1992 with several gaining critical acclaim : their breakthrough film `` Ski Movie '' , featuring many of the world 's best skiers at the time , was released in 2000 and won `` Movie of the Year '' from both Powder Magazine and Freeze Magazine . MSP is the most award-winning ski film company in history , with eight `` Movie of the Year '' honors and `` Best Documentary '' prize at the Powder Video Awards , three Emmy nominations for outstanding camerawork , and `` Viewers ' Choice '' runner-up at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival .

neg: Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' .   Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' .   Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions .   A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .