query: The Lion King was released by Sony Pictures.

pos: The Lion King The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film , produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film . The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeare 's Hamlet . The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance . The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , produced by Don Hahn , and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi , Jonathan Roberts , and Linda Woolverton . Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice , and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer . The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick , James Earl Jones , Jeremy Irons , Jonathan Taylor Thomas , Moira Kelly , Nathan Lane , Ernie Sabella , Rowan Atkinson , Robert Guillaume , Madge Sinclair , Whoopi Goldberg , Cheech Marin , and Jim Cummings .   The Lion King tells the story of Simba , a young lion who is to succeed his father , Mufasa , as King of the Pride Lands ; however , after Simba 's uncle Scar murders Mufasa , Simba is manipulated into thinking he was responsible and flees into exile . Upon maturation living with two wastrels , Simba is given some valuable perspective from his childhood friend , Nala , and his shaman , Rafiki , before returning to challenge Scar to end his tyranny and take his place in the Circle of Life as the rightful King .   Development of The Lion King began in 1988 during a meeting between Jeffrey Katzenberg , Roy E. Disney , and Peter Schneider while promoting Oliver & Company in Europe . Thomas Disch wrote a film treatment , and Woolverton developed the first scripts while George Scribner was signed on as director , being later joined by Allers . Production began in 1991 concurrently with Pocahontas , which wound up attracting most of Disney 's top animators . Some time after the staff traveled to Hell 's Gate National Park in Kenya to research on the film 's setting and animals , Scribner left production disagreeing with the decision to turn the film into a musical and was replaced by Minkoff . When Hahn joined the project , he was dissatisfied with the script and the story was promptly rewritten . Nearly 20 minutes of animation sequences were produced at Disney-MGM Studios in Florida . Computer animation was also used in several scenes , most notably in the wildebeest stampede sequence .   The Lion King was released on June 15 , 1994 , to a positive reaction from critics , who praised the film for its music , story , and animation ; it finished its theatrical run as the highest-grossing release of 1994 and the second highest-grossing film of all time . The Lion King garnered two Academy Awards for its achievement in music and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy . The film has led to many derived works , such as a Broadway adaptation ; two direct-to-video follow-ups -- the sequel , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ( 1998 ) , and the prequel/parallel , The Lion King 1 1/2 ( 2004 ) -- ; two television series , Timon and Pumbaa and The Lion Guard ; and a 3D re-release , in 2011 .   In 2016 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .   A CGI live-action remake of the film is scheduled for a July 19 , 2019 release in the United States .

neg: Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota .   The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video .   The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment .   On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray .  On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .

neg: The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure The Lion King : Simba ′ s Mighty Adventure is a video game based on Walt Disney Pictures ′ animated film The Lion King . The title was published by Activision in 2000 , and was released on Game Boy Color and PlayStation . Unlike the previous The Lion King video game , it adhered more closely to the events in the film and the storyline carried on into The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , with Simba having to battle his evil uncle Scar , rescue his daughter Kiara ( the protagonist from The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ) , and finally battle Zira .   This game was the only console-based platform game to involve The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride . All other games based on the title were educational or puzzle games and were released on the PC .

neg: Circle of Life `` Circle of Life '' is a song from Disney 's 1994 animated film The Lion King . Composed by Elton John , with lyrics by Tim Rice , the song was performed by Carmen Twillie ( the deep female lead vocals ) and Lebo M. ( opening Zulu vocals ) as the film 's opening song . In an interview , Rice said he was amazed at the speed with which John composed : `` I gave him the lyrics at the beginning of the session at about two in the afternoon . By half-past three , he 'd finished writing and recording a stunning demo . '' Elton John sang a pop version of the song with the London Community Gospel Choir , which was included in the film 's soundtrack and made into a music video . `` Circle of Life '' was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song in 1994 , along with two other songs from The Lion King : `` Hakuna Matata '' and `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' which won the award .   The song reached # 11 in the UK and # 18 in the United States and is featured frequently in attractions based on The Lion King , such as Disney theme parks and parades . Michael Crawford sang it as part of a medley for The Disney Album in 2001 .

neg: Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film Every year since its inception , the Japanese Academy has recognized an outstanding foreign film . The year that any given film is nominated is not based on the film 's domestic release date but rather on the date it is released in Japan . As delays of over four months are not uncommon , many films are nominated in Japan the following year after their release to the Japanese market ( i.e. Million Dollar Baby won the American Academy Award for Best Picture for films made in 2004 , but the Japanese award , based on its localized release date , is for 2005 ) . In fact , not one of the five films nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture had been released in Japan by February 15 , 2008 , the date of the Japan Academy Prize Ceremony . Although the 2007 recipient of this award , Letters from Iwo Jima , a film almost entirely in Japanese , would not seem to meet the qualification of a `` Foreign Language Film '' , the actual Japanese title of the award , 最優秀外国作品賞 makes no mention of language . It would be more accurately translated as `` Best Foreign Production '' .   2017 - Sully  The Martian  Zootopia  Star Wars : The Force Awakens  The Revenant  2016 - American Sniper  Kingsman : The Secret Service  Mad Max : Fury Road  Spectre  Whiplash  2015 - Frozen  Interstellar  Jersey Boys  Fury  Godzilla  2014 - Les Misérables  3 Idiots  Captain Phillips  Django Unchained  Gravity  2013 - The Intouchables  Argo  The Dark Knight Rises  The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo  Skyfall  2012 - The King 's Speech  Rise of the Planet of the Apes  Moneyball  The Social Network  Black Swan  2011 - Avatar  Inception  Toy Story 3  Invictus  The Hurt Locker  2010 - Gran Torino  Slumdog Millionaire  Changeling  The Wrestler  Red Cliff Part II  2009 - The Dark Knight  The Bucket List  No Country for Old Men  Lust , Caution  Red Cliff Part I  2008 - Letters from Iwo Jima  Dreamgirls  Babel  Hairspray  The Bourne Ultimatum  2007 - Flags of Our Fathers  Crash  Hotel Rwanda  Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest  The Da Vinci Code  2006 - Million Dollar Baby  Cinderella Man  Charlie and the Chocolate Factory  The Phantom of the Opera  Star Wars : Episode III -- Revenge of the Sith  2005 - The Last Samurai  The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King  Mystic River  Seabiscuit  Troy  2004 - The Pianist  Chicago  The Hours  The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers  Yeopgijeogin geunyeo  2003 - Monster 's Ball  Gangs of New York  Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets  I Am Sam  The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring  2002 - Billy Elliot  Artificial Intelligence : AI  Chocolat  Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone  Postmen in the Mountains  2001 - Dancer in the Dark  American Beauty  Gladiator  The Green Mile  Swiri  2000 - The Sixth Sense  Elizabeth  The Matrix  Shakespeare in Love  La Vita è bella  1999 - L.A. Confidential  Armageddon  As Good as It Gets  Good Will Hunting  Saving Private Ryan  1998 - Titanic The English Patient Shine Air Force One Seven Years in Tibet1997 - Il Postino Independence Day Mission : Impossible Se7en 12 Monkeys1996 - The Shawshank Redemption  Apollo 13  The Bridges of Madison County  Forrest Gump  Léon  1995 - Schindler 's List  The Piano  Pulp Fiction  Speed  True Lies  1994 - Jurassic Park  Cliffhanger  The Fugitive  Heaven & Earth  Unforgiven  1993 - JFK  The Lover  Basic Instinct  The Bodyguard  A League of Their Own  1992 - Dances with Wolves  Awakenings  Nikita  The Silence of the Lambs  Terminator 2 : Judgment Day  1991 - Field of Dreams  Die Hard 2  Ghost  Cinema Paradiso  Total Recall  1990 - Die Hard  Black Rain  Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade  Major League  Rain Man  1989 - The Last Emperor  Fatal Attraction  Full Metal Jacket  Moonstruck  Wall Street  1988 - Platoon  Hannah and Her Sisters  Stand By Me  Top Gun  The Untouchables  1987 - Back to the Future  Aliens  A Chorus Line  The Color Purple  Out of Africa  1986 - Amadeus  The Cotton Club  The Killing Fields  A Passage to India  Witness  1985 - Once Upon a Time in America  Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom  The Natural  The Right Stuff  Terms of Endearment  1984 - An Officer and a Gentleman  The Woman Next DoorFlashdanceGandhiSophie 's Choice1983 - E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialDas BootChariots of FireOn Golden PondRocky III1982 - Die BlechtrommelBeing ThereThe Elephant ManOrdinary PeopleLes Uns et les Autres1981 - Kramer vs. KramerAll That JazzApocalypse NowManhattanTess1980 - The Deer HunterThe Tree of Wooden ClogsBig WednesdayThe ChampThe Travelling Players1979 - Conversation PieceClose Encounters of the Third KindThe Goodbye GirlStar Wars Episode IV : A New HopeThe Turning Point1978 - RockyThe Fire WithinNetworkSlap ShotVoyage of the Damned ''

neg: Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) .   Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .

neg: Peter Schneider (film executive) Peter Schneider is an American film and theatrical producer , notable as the first president of Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company from 1985 to 1999 , and was responsible for helping to turn the feature animation department around and creating some of the most critically acclaimed and highest grossing animated features that Disney released . These films included Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 , the first animated feature to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , and The Lion King ( 1994 , the highest domestic grossing animated film of all time until 2003 ) .   Schneider also sealed the deal that created the highly successful partnership between Pixar and Disney . He was promoted to studio chief in 1999 . In 2001 , Schneider left Disney to form his own theater production company . His first major production , developed in association with Michael Reno , was Sister Act which opened at the London Palladium in 2009 . Peter graduated from Purdue University in 1972 with a theater degree .   Along with producer Don Hahn , Schneider produced a documentary entitled Waking Sleeping Beauty in 2009 , which focused on the revival of Disney animation during the 1980s and early 1990s .   Schneider is also a world champion bridge player , having won the World Transnational Open Teams Championship in 2005 . He possesses the title of World Bridge Federation ( WBF ) World Life Master ( WLM ) .

neg: Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series .   Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments .   The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .

neg: The King Maker The King Maker ( Thai : กบฎท้าวศรีสุดาจันทร์ , or The Rebellion of Queen Sudachan , is a 2005 Thai historical drama film set during the Ayutthaya kingdom . With a storyline that shares many similarities to 2001 's The Legend of Suriyothai , The King Maker 's plot focuses on a Portuguese mercenary ( Gary Stretch ) in the service of the Siamese court . Produced by David Winters , it was the first English-language Thai film production since the 1941 film , King of the White Elephant , produced by Pridi Phanomyong . This was also the first Thai film sold to a `` Major film studio '' .

neg: Burger King legal issues The legal issues of Burger King include several legal disputes and lawsuits involving the international fast food restaurant chain Burger King ( BK ) as both plaintiff and defendant in the years since its founding in 1954 . These have involved almost every aspect of the company 's operations . Depending on the ownership and executive staff at the time of these incidents , the company 's responses to these challenges have ranged from a conciliatory dialog with its critics and litigants to a more aggressive opposition with questionable tactics and negative consequences . The company 's response to these various issues has drawn praise , scorn , and accusations of political appeasement from different parties over the years .   A diverse range of groups have raised issues , such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) over the welfare of animals , governmental and social agencies over health issues and compliance with nutritional labeling laws , and unions and trade groups over labor relations and laws . These situations have touched on the concepts of animal rights , corporate responsibility and ethics , as well as social justice . While the majority of the disputes did not result in lawsuits , in many of the cases the situations raised legal questions , dealt with statutory compliance , or resulted in legal remedies such as changes in contractual procedure or binding agreements between parties . The resolutions to these legal matters have often altered the way the company interacts and negotiates contracts with its suppliers and franchisees or how it does business with the public .   Further controversies have occurred because of the company 's involvement in the Middle East . The opening of a Burger King location in the Israeli-occupied territories led to a breach of contract dispute between Burger King and its Israeli franchise ; the dispute eventually erupted into a geopolitical conflagration involving Muslim and Jewish groups on multiple continents over the application of and adherence to international law . The case eventually elicited reactions from the members of the 22-nation Arab League ; the Islamic countries within the League made a joint threat to the company of legal sanctions including the revocation of Burger King 's business licenses within the member states ' territories . A second issue involving members of the Islamic faith over the interpretation of the Muslim version of Canon Law , Shariah , regarding the promotional artwork on a dessert package in the United Kingdom raised issues of cultural sensitivity , and , with the former example , posed a larger question about the lengths that companies must go to insure the smooth operation of their businesses in the communities they serve .   A trademark dispute involving the owners of the identically named Burger King in Mattoon , Illinois led to a federal lawsuit ; the case 's outcome helped define the scope of the Lanham act and trademark law in the United States . An existing trademark held by a shop of the same name in South Australia forced the company to change its name in Australia , while another state trademark in Texas forced the company to abandon its signature product , the Whopper , in several counties around San Antonio . The company was only able to enter northern Alberta , in Canada , in 1995 , after it paid the founders of another chain named Burger King .   Legal decisions from other suits have set contractual law precedents in regards to long-arm statutes , the limitations of franchise agreements , and ethical business practices ; many of these decisions have helped define general business dealings that continue to shape the entire marketplace .

neg: Colossal Pictures Colossal Pictures ( styled as ( Colossal ) Pictures or ( C ) P ) was an entertainment company that developed and produced television programming , advertising , network branding , and visual effects . Colossal 's work has won every major industry award , from the Clio , Emmy and Grammy to the Cannes Gold Lion and Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Top Honor .

neg: Lion vs. Lion Lion vs. Lion , also known as Roar of the Lion and Nan bei shi wang ( 南北獅王 , literally `` South North Lion King '' ) , is a 1981 Hong Kong kung fu film written and directed by Hsu Hsia and Chien Yuen Sheng . The film was produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio , a major Hong Kong film production company at the time .

neg: List of Kimba the White Lion episodes These are the episodes of the anime television series Kimba the White Lion ( Jungle Emperor ) . The series originally ran from October 6 , 1965 , to September 28 , 1966 , in Japan and from September 11 , 1966 , to September 3 , 1967 , in the U.S.   There were two English dubs produced for this anime series . The first ( and more widely viewed ) English dub was produced by Titan Productions for NBC Enterprises to license and run in syndication in the United States , with a handful of talented voice actors . Despite that they dubbed all 52 episodes of the series , 49 of them have been aired in a mixed up order , in the United States , due to the NBC catalog order of how they aired them in sequence . On September 30 , 1978 , the license for NBC to hold the rights to the English dub has dropped due to the bankruptcy of Mushi Productions being bankrupt earlier in 1973 . Afterwards , the Titan Productions English dub was no longer available to view at that time .   In 1993 , Fumio Suzuki made plans to bring the series to television once more to the English-speaking market . After the legal battles of who was going to gain ownership , a Canadian company from Toronto known as Zaza Sound Productions Ltd. won the rights to produce a second English dub of the anime series with a handful of Canadian voice actors , as well as airing this dub in several English-speaking regions ( Australia , United Kingdom , etc. ) , with CEG Distribution distributing the series . Landmark Entertainment Group Inc. , Susuki Associates and CEG Cinema Partners have also contributed to this dub . Fans have often labeled this as the `` Canadian dub '' . It was said to be a remake of the 1966 U.S. English dub , with a more faithful translation of the original Japanese scripts , but had to create a whole new soundtrack composed by Paul J. Zaza , since they were unable to use the original soundtrack composed by Isao Tomita which was also used in the 1966 U.S. English dub . This version was also more edited including heavy cuts and changes .   In 1995 , A low-budget American company known as UAV Corporation released a limited number of episodes of the 1993 Canadian English re-dub on VHS in North America , under the title Kimba the Lion Prince .

neg: Walkman Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape players in the late 1970s . In the 2010s , it was used to market Sony 's portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones . The original Walkman actually introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry recorded music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones . Owners of the Walkman were able to take back their `` lost '' time , commuting for example , and turn it into a pleasurable experience , or add a soundtrack to their urban surroundings . It was the privatization and personalization offered by the Walkman that led to its success . The Walkman has gained popularity in recent years because in the 2014 film `` Guardians Of The Galaxy '' and it 's 2017 predecessor `` Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol . 2 , '' the main character uses a Walkman and cassette to listen to his music .   The prototype was built in 1978 by audio-division engineer Nobutoshi Kihara for Sony co-founder Masaru Ibuka . Ibuka wanted to be able to listen to operas during his frequent trans-Pacific plane trips , and presented the idea to Kihara . The original idea for a portable stereo is credited to Brazilian-German inventor Andreas Pavel . The first Walkman was marketed in 1979 in Japan , using the name Walkman . From 1980 , it was known as the Soundabout in many other countries including the US , Freestyle in Sweden , and the Stowaway in the UK . Advertising , despite all the foreign languages , still attracted thousands of buyers in the US specifically . Sony President and co-founder Akio Morita hated the name `` Walkman '' and asked that it be changed , but relented after being told by junior executives that a promotion campaign had already begun using the brand name and that it would be too expensive to change .   The names `` Walkman '' , `` Pressman '' , `` Watchman '' , `` Scoopman '' , `` Discman '' , and `` Talkman '' are trademarks of Sony , and have been applied to a wide range of portable entertainment devices manufactured by the company . The name `` Walkman '' was based on its precursor , the Pressman tape recorder . An initial prototype of the Walkman was in fact made by replacing the monophonic recording circuit , head and speaker from the Pressman with a stereo playback-only head and amplifier . Sony continues to use the `` Walkman '' brand name for most of their portable audio devices , after the `` Discman '' name for CD players was dropped in the late 1990s .

neg: Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to :   Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies .  Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses  Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label  Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad  Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad

neg: The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short .   Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics .   Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .

neg: Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .

neg: Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema .   In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe .   The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt .   The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity .   The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .

neg: List of Criterion Collection UK releases This is a list of Criterion Collection Blu-ray titles released in U.K. , distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment .   The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company which specializes in licensing and selling `` important classic and contemporary films '' in `` editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning , original supplements . '' Janus Films and the Voyager Company established The Criterion Collection in 1984 as a privately held company concentrating upon the North American home video market . In March 2016 , Criterion announced that due to a distribution partnership with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment select Criterion Collection titles would be launching in U.K. as Blu-ray editions , starting on April 18 , 2016 .   So far all the released titles have been films that have already been released in US by Criterion Collection , or that have received simultaneous releases in the US and U.K. . So far all the released titles have been identical to their US counterparts apart from region coding ( A in the US and B in U.K. ) .

neg: Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom may refer to :  Animal or the Kingdom Animalia , a classification of living organisms  Animal Kingdom ( horse ) , winner of the 2011 Kentucky Derby  Disney 's Animal Kingdom , a theme park at Walt Disney World , Florida , U.S.  Animal Kingdom Resort Area , a group of resorts near the theme park   In performing arts :  The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 play by Philip Barry  The Animal Kingdom , a 1932 American comedy-drama film based on the play  Animal Kingdom ( film ) , a 2010 Australian crime film  Animal Kingdom ( TV series ) , an American television series on TNT inspired by the Australian film  Animal Kingdom ( band ) , a UK indie rock band  Animal Kingdom , a 2008 album by Baseball  Animal Kingdom , a 2010 album by Raptile  Animal Kingdom : Let 's Go Ape , a 2013 Belgian-French-Italian CGI-animated film

neg: Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .


query: Gang Signs & Prayer is an painting by a graffiti artist.

pos: Gang Signs & Prayer Gang Signs & Prayer is the debut studio album by English grime artist Stormzy . It was released on 24 February 2017 independently through #Merky Records while being distributed by ADA of Warner Music Group . It is Stormzy 's first major commercial release , following the Dreamers Disease EP ( 2014 ) . The album features guest appearances from fellow MCs Wretch 32 , Ghetts and J Hus , along with singers Kehlani , Raleigh Ritchie and MNEK . It features production from Fraser T Smith and Sir Spyro , among others .   The album was supported by the lead single `` Big for Your Boots '' . Gang Signs & Prayer received critical acclaim upon release , and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 1 with sales of 69,000 , becoming the first grime album in history to reach number 1 . It holds the distinction of having every song from the album appear concurrently on the UK Singles Chart , including 7 songs in the Top 40 .

neg: Pøbel Pøbel ( East -LSB- pœːbeːɭ -RSB- , meaning hooligan ) is a pseudonymous Norwegian street artist based in Stavanger . He is best known for the Getto spedalsk ( Ghetto leperous ) project , decorating abandoned buildings in at the Lofoten islands in the north of Norway , along with notable collaborator `` Dolk '' . Both were later commissioned to decorate the central railway stations in both Oslo and Trondheim . One of Norway 's foremost street artists , his work all over Europe has been documented in a number of books on the subject . His stencil paintings are mostly sight gags . One series , for example , portrays superheroes such as Superman and Batman in decrepit old age . His age and real name is not officially known .   In July 2012 Pøbel curated the street art event Komafest in Vardø , Norway , where international street artists participated to decorate a fishing community heavily hit by depopulation .   In April 2016 the Norwegian artist spray-painted the symbolic `` mute '' icon on Donald Trump 's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Los Angeles .

neg: Saying Grace (painting) Saying Grace is a 1951 painting by American illustrator Norman Rockwell , painted for the cover of The Saturday Evening Post '' 's November 24 , 1951 , Thanksgiving issue .   The painting depicts a woman and a young boy saying grace in a crowded restaurant , as they are observed by other people at their table . Rockwell 's inspiration for Saying Grace came from a Saturday Evening Post reader who saw a Mennonite family praying in a restaurant . Rockwell used his son , Jarvis , as one of the models for the painting . Elizabeth Goldberg , director of American Art at Sotheby 's said that in his preparations for Saying Grace Rockwell '' ... visited Automats and diners in New York and Philadelphia to get the scene just right ... his imagery was so vivid people would say they recognized the diner even though it did n't exist , each painting felt so universal . '' Rockwell took the table and chairs from a diner in Times Square for the photo shoot for the painting . In preparations for a painting Rockwell would set up a scene , using his friends and neighbors , taking hundreds of photos until satisfied . Rockwell would produce sketches in charcoal , then oil sketches , before painting the final image .   Rockwell was paid $ 3,500 for Saying Grace . Readers of The Saturday Evening Post voted Saying Grace their favorite ever cover in 1955 . Saying Grace '' had been on a long term loan at the Norman Rockwell Museum , and had been exhibited at 12 other museums across the United States before its 2013 sale .

neg: Sam Flores Sam Flores ( born 1975 ) is an American visual artist , illustrator , and muralist , primarily creating urban - and graffiti-inspired modern art .

neg: Minhwa Minhwa art refers to the Korean folk art that consists of paintings of mythical figures and other objects in a specific plain , straightforward and naive style .   Literally `` painting of the people '' or `` popular painting '' . This type of painting was often the work of anonymous craftsmen who faithfully adhered to the styles , canons and genres inherited from the past . Minhwa also involved a magical dimension . They were believed to possess beneficial virtues and to protect the owner and his family from evil forces . They feature popular themes such as cranes , rocks , water , clouds , the sun , moon , pine-trees , tortoises , insects and flowers .   Minhwa art developed into its present form in the seventeenth century . The artists were common people who went from place to place , often following festivals , where they would paint for the locals , fulfilling their commissions on the spot . Important stages in life were also marked by the painting of a minhwa picture . Both common people and nobles would commission these artists .   The paintings worked on a number of levels . They show figures from folk mythology and legends , symbols of happiness , wealth and health , and scenes of everyday life . The most common figures were animals that represented power , such as the tiger , or providential circumstances , such as carp , which represent success . The paintings were done on paper and on canvas .   After a decline during the colonial rule , the art form experienced a short boom until laid low by the Korean War . In the 1980s , though , there was a revival of Minhwa , the interest and popularity of which persists to this day .

neg: Artists4Israel Artists4Israel ( aka A4I ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) charity and pro-Israel advocacy organization that works through artists in all artistic media to educate people worldwide about Israel . Artists4Israel is managed by Executive Director Craig Dershowitz .   The organization participated in Art Basel Miami 2012 with its `` Heroes in Distress '' Exhibit at the Overture/Scope art fair and at NAC Gallery 's LMNT art fair , showcasing art by Andalucian photorealistic graffiti artist Belin and artist Army of One . Artists 4 Israel also showcased its Bomb Shelter Museum at the Yard , an open-air art installation in Wynnewood , with more than 5,000 visitors during Art Basel Miami 2012 . The Yard featured live graffiti by more than 20 invited graffiti artists , fashion pieces designed specifically for Artists4Israel by Chromat   The organization had a show at the Vered Gallery in East Hampton in 2010 .   The group drew media attention in March , 2011 by setting up a `` Bomb Shelter Museum of Living History '' in New York 's Washington Square Park . The walls were decorated by New York area graffiti artists including Cope2 in an effort to draw attention to the targeting of Israeli civilians by terrorists groups based in Hamas-controlled Gaza . The Bomb Shelter Museum was also shown at Baruch College

neg: IZ the Wiz Michael `` Iz the Wiz '' Martin ( November 30 , 1958 -- June 17 , 2009 ) was one of the most prominent graffiti writers of the New York graffiti movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s .

neg: Alfonso A. Ossorio Alfonso Angel Yangco Ossorio ( August 2 , 1916 -- December 5 , 1990 ) was a Filipino American abstract expressionist artist who was born in Manila in 1916 to wealthy Filipino parents from the province of Negros Occidental . His heritage was Hispanic , Filipino , and Chinese . Between the ages of eight and thirteen , he attended school in England . At age fourteen , he moved to the United States . Ossorio attended Portsmouth Priory ( now Portsmouth Abbey School ) in Rhode Island , graduating in 1934 . From 1934 to 1938 , he studied fine art at Harvard University and then continued his studies at the Rhode Island School of Design . He became an American citizen in 1933 and served as a medical illustrator in the United States Army during World War II .   Ossorio 's early work was surrealist . He was an admirer and early collector of the paintings of Jackson Pollock who counted him as a good friend , and whose works influenced and were influenced by Ossorio . In the early 1950s , Ossorio was pouring oil and enamel paints onto canvas in the style of the first abstract expressionist movement in the US .   In 1950 , he was commissioned by the parish of St. Joseph in Victorias City , Negros Occidental in the Philippines to do a mural which would be known as `` The Angry Christ '' to complete the reconstruction of the church built by the Czech architect Antonín Raymond . Ossorio had this to say in a 1968 interview . '' ( The Angry Christ ) is a continual last judgment with the sacrifice of the mass that is the continual reincarnation of God coming into this world . And it worked out beautifully because the services take place usually very early because of the heat and the church had been oriented so that the sun would come in and strike the celebrant as he stood at the altar with this enormous figure behind him . It worked , if I do say so myself . And although they loathed it at the time it was done it is almost now a place of pilgrimage . ''   Ossorio traveled to Paris to meet Jean Dubuffet in 1950 . Dubuffet 's interest in art brut opened up new vistas for Ossorio , who found release from society 's preconceptions in the unstudied creativity of insane asylum inmates and children . On the advice of Pollock , Ossorio purchased an expansive 60 acre estate , `` The Creeks '' , in East Hampton in 1951 , and lived there for more than forty years . He arranged to house and display Dubuffet 's art brut collection there . In the 1950s , Ossorio began to create works resembling Dubuffet 's assemblages . He affixed shells , bones , driftwood , nails , dolls ' eyes , cabinet knobs , dice , costume jewelry , mirror shards , and children 's toys to the panel surface . Ossorio called these assemblages congregations , with the term 's obvious religious connotation .   Ossorio was represented alongside Dubuffet and nearly 140 other artists in the Museum of Modern Art 's 1961 exhibition The Art of Assemblage , which introduced the practice to a broad public .   Ossorio died in New York City in 1990 . Half his ashes were scattered at his grand estate The Creeks and the other half came to rest nine years later at Green River Cemetery alongside the remains of many other famous artists , writers and critics . After his death , his longtime companion Edward `` Ted '' Dragon arranged for the sale of The Creeks , eventually selling it to Ronald Perelman complete with many of Ossorio 's brightly colored found art sculptures placed in among the groves of exotic evergreens that Ossorio had carefully planted in his final 20 years of life . Outside of The Creeks , Harvard Art Museum ( Massachusetts ) , the Honolulu Museum of Art , the Housatonic Museum of Art ( Bridgeport , Connecticut ) and the Smithsonian American Art Museum ( Washington , D.C. ) are among the public collections holding work by Alfonso A. Ossorio .

neg: Gareth Sansom Gareth Sansom ( born 1939 in Melbourne , Australia ) is an Australian artist , painter , printmaker and collagist and winner of the 2008 John McCaughey Memorial Prize of $ 100,000 .   Best known for introducing new themes and subject-matter into Australian art and being one of the first Australian artists to be influenced by Pop art , particularly British Pop artists like Peter Blake , Allen Jones , Derek Boshier , Joe Tilson and the formal strategies of the post-modernist R. B. Kitaj . Another major Influence was and remains the British painter Francis Bacon . He was an associate of Brett Whiteley and there was a likely mutual influence . Sansom has had a distinct influence on subsequent Australian art , paving the way for later notable artists such as Juan Davila and Howard Arkley . His work is represented by the National Gallery of Australia , the National Gallery of Victoria , the Art Gallery of New South Wales , the Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York and the Mertz Collection . His paintings are eclectic , studded with allusions both historical , cultural and personal . There is something almost diaristic about his work , but its presentation is anything but linear and logical . Abiding themes are mortality , ageing , sexual identity , popular and youth culture and cinema . There is also a strong element of humour , iconoclasm and irony in his work , from their titles , such as `` Art Ca n't Fart ( for Rose Selavay ) '' , `` Four Wise Men Looking for God in Abstract Art '' , `` Dr Fu Manchu 's Death by Gyro '' or `` Ship of Fools ( Hello sailor ! ) '' to comic and grotesque figurative elements and their sometimes lurid but highly resolved colour schemes . On a technical level his paintings combine oils , enamels ( both sprayed and applied with brush ) and collaged elements from personal photographs to objects stuck on or painted over . Stylistically Sansom uses a wide array of painting techniques but signature devices include allowing earlier layers of paint to remain visible , hard-edge geometric shapes juxtaposed with playful , lyrical , more organic or atmospheric passages of paint and figurative `` doodles '' , often at the margins of the paintings .

neg: Sinner's prayer The Sinner 's Prayer ( also called the Consecration Prayer and Salvation Prayer ) is an evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance , prayed by individuals who feel convicted of the presence of sin in their lives and have the desire to form or renew a personal relationship with God through Jesus Christ . It is a popular phenomenon in evangelical circles . It is not intended as liturgical like a creed or a confiteor , but rather , is intended to be an act of initial conversion to Christianity . While some Christians see reciting the sinner 's prayer as the moment defining one 's salvation , others see it as a beginning step of one 's lifelong faith journey .   It also may be prayed as an act of `` re-commitment '' for those who are already believers in the faith . Often , at the end of a worship service , in what is known as an altar call , a minister or other worship leader will invite those desiring to receive Christ ( thus becoming born again ) to repeat with him or her the words of some form of a sinner 's prayer . It also is frequently found on printed gospel tracts , urging people to `` repeat these words from the bottom of your heart '' .   The `` Sinner 's Prayer '' takes various forms , all of which have the same general thrust . Since it is considered a matter of one 's personal will , it can be prayed silently , aloud , read from a suggested model , or repeated after someone modeling the prayer role . There is no formula of specific words considered essential , although it usually contains an admission of sin and a petition asking that Jesus enter into the person 's heart ( that is to say , the center of their life ) . The use of the sinner 's prayer is common within some Protestant denominations , such as Baptist Churches and Methodist Churches , as well as in movements that span several denominations , including evangelical , fundamental , and charismatic Christianity . It has also been used , though not as widely , by some Anglicans , Lutherans , and Roman Catholics . It is sometimes uttered by Christians seeking redemption or reaffirming their faith in Christ during a crisis or disaster , when death may be imminent .   The `` Sinner 's Prayer '' is not without its critics . Because no such prayer or conversion is found in the Bible , some biblical scholars have even labeled the sinner 's prayer a `` cataract of nonsense '' and an `` apostasy '' . David Platt has raised questions over the authenticity of the conversions of people using the sinner 's prayer based on research by George Barna .

neg: Merchant's mark Merchants ' marks are as old as the sealings of the third millennium BCE found in Sumer that originated in the Indus Valley . Impressions of cloth , strings and other packing material on the reverse of tags with seal impressions indicate  that the Harappan seals were used to control economic administration  and trade . Amphorae from the Roman Empire can sometimes be traced to their sources from the inscriptions on their handles . Commercial inscriptions in Latin , known as Tituli picti , appear on Roman containers used for trade .   Symbolic merchants ' marks continued to be used by artisans and townspeople of the medieval and early modern eras to identify themselves and authenticate their goods . These distinctive and easily recognizable marks often appeared in their seals on documents and on products made for sale . They are often found on headstones and in works of stained glass , brass and stone , serving in place of heraldic imagery , which could not be used by the middle classes . They were the precursors of hallmarks , printer 's marks and trademarks .   To manage the risks of piracy or shipwreck , merchants often consigned a cargo to several vessels or caravans ; a mark on a bale established legal ownership and avoided confusion . Early travellers , voyagers and merchants displayed their merchant 's marks as well to ward off evil . Adventurous travellers and sailors ascribed the terrors and perils of their life to the wrath of the Devil . To counter these dangers merchants employed all sorts of religious and magical means to place their caravans , ships and merchandise under the protection of God and His Saints .   One such symbol combined the mystical `` Sign of Four '' with the merchant 's name or initials . The `` Sign of Four '' was an outgrowth of an ancient symbol adopted by the Romans and by Christianity , Chi Rho ( XP ) , standing for the first two letters of Christus in Greek letters ; this was simplified to a reversed `` 4 '' in Medieval times . The evolution of this symbol is shown in M. J. Shah 's article . The `` Sign of Four '' is called the `` Staff of Mercury '' ( Caduceus ) in German and Scandinavian literature on house marks .   The joint stock company or limited liability company was another way to reduce a merchant 's risks of loss of ships and merchandise from dangerous voyages and travel . By royal charter a monopoly was assured and a merchant 's personal liability was limited to the amount of his own investment . If a voyage succeeded the gains accrued to all of the investors in proportion to their invested capital shares . Modern institutions , corporations and trademarks , find some of their origins in these symbolic and legal devices for limiting physical and pecuniary risks .

neg: Cuban art Cuban art is an exceptionally diverse cultural blend of African , South American , European and North American elements , reflecting the diverse demographic makeup of the island . Cuban artists embraced European modernism , and the early part of the 20th century saw a growth in Cuban vanguardist movements , which were characterized by the mixing of modern artistic genres . Some of the more celebrated 20th-century Cuban artists include Amelia Peláez ( 1896 -- 1968 ) , best known for a series of mural projects , and painter Wifredo Lam ( Dec 8,1902 -- September 11 , 1982 ) , who created a highly personal version of modern primitivism . The Cuban born painter Federico Beltran Masses ( 1885-1949 ) , was renowned as a colourist whose seductive portrayals of women sometimes made overt references to the tropical settings of his childhood .   Better known internationally is the work of photographer Alberto Korda , whose photographs following the early days of the Cuban Revolution included a picture of Che Guevara which was to become one of the most recognizable images of the 20th century .   There is a flourishing street art movement influenced by Latin American artists José Guadalupe Posada and the muralist Diego Rivera .   After the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , some artists felt it was in their best interests to leave Cuba and produce their art , while others stayed behind , either happy or merely content to be creating art in Cuba , which was sponsored by the government . Because it was state sponsored , an implied censorship occurred , since artists would n't want to make art that was against the revolutionary movement as that was the source of their funding . It was during the 1980s in which art began to reflect true uninfluenced expression . The `` rebirth '' of expression in Cuban art was greatly affected by the emergence of a new generation of Cuban , which did not remember the revolution directly .   In 1981 Cubans saw the introduction of `` Volumen Uno '' , a series of one man exhibitions featuring contemporary Cuban artists . Three years later , the introduction of the `` Havana Bienal '' assisted in the further progression of the liberation of art and free speech therein .

neg: Islamic art Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations . It is thus a very difficult art to define because it covers many lands and various peoples over some 1,400 years ; it is not art specifically of a religion , or of a time , or of a place , or of a single medium like painting . The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article , leaving fields as varied as calligraphy , painting , glass , pottery , and textile arts such as carpets and embroidery .   Islamic art is not at all restricted to religious art , but includes all the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as well . It frequently includes secular elements and elements that are frowned upon , if not forbidden , by some Islamic theologians . Apart from the ever-present calligraphic inscriptions , specifically religious art is actually less prominent in Islamic art than in Western medieval art , with the exception of Islamic architecture where mosques and their complexes of surrounding buildings are the most common remains . Figurative painting may cover religious scenes , but normally in essentially secular contexts such as the walls of palaces or illuminated books of poetry . The calligraphy and decoration of manuscript Qur ` ans is an important aspect , but other religious art such as glass mosque lamps and other mosque fittings such as tiles ( e.g. Girih tiles ) , woodwork and carpets usually have the same style and motifs as contemporary secular art , although with religious inscriptions even more prominent .   `` Islamic art developed from many sources : Roman , Early Christian art , and Byzantine styles were taken over in early Islamic art and architecture ; the influence of the Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia was of paramount significance ; Central Asian styles were brought in with various nomadic incursions ; and Chinese influences had a formative effect on Islamic painting , pottery , and textiles . '' Though the whole concept of `` Islamic art '' has been criticised by some modern art historians , calling it a `` figment of imagination '' or a `` mirage '' ,  the similarities between art produced at widely different times and places in the Islamic world , especially in the Islamic Golden Age , have been sufficient to keep the term in wide use by scholars .   There are repeating elements in Islamic art , such as the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as the arabesque . The arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent , indivisible and infinite nature of God . Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only God can produce perfection , although this theory is disputed .   Typically , though not entirely , Islamic art has focused on the depiction of patterns , whether purely geometric or floral , and Arabic calligraphy , rather than on figures , because it is feared by many Muslims that the depiction of the human form is idolatry and thereby a sin against God , forbidden in the Qur ` an . Human portrayals can be found in all eras of Islamic art , above all in the more private form of miniatures , where their absence is rare . Human representation for the purpose of worship is considered idolatry and is duly forbidden in some interpretations of Islamic law , known as Sharia law . There are also many depictions of Muhammad , Islam 's chief prophet , in historical Islamic art . Small decorative figures of animals and humans , especially if they are hunting the animals , are found on secular pieces in many media from many periods , but portraits were slow to develop .

neg: Mexican muralism Mexican muralism was the promotion of mural painting starting in the 1920s , generally with social and political messages as part of efforts to reunify the country under the post Mexican Revolution government . It was headed by `` the big three '' painters , Diego Rivera , José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros . From the 1920s to about 1970s a large number of murals with nationalistic , social and political messages were created on public buildings , starting a tradition which continues to this day in Mexico and has had impact in other parts of the Americas , including the United States where it served as inspiration for the Chicano art movement .

neg: An American Mosque __ NOTOC __  An American Mosque is a 2012 documentary produced by filmmaker David Washburn which first aired nationwide in the United States on July 11 , 2015 on PBS . It tells the story of the destruction by arson of a just-completed mosque , the Islamic Center of Yuba City , in rural California in 1994 . And it tells of its community and of its eventual rebuilding by Muslims joined by Sikhs , Mormons , other Christians and others of different faiths .   BeliefNet called it `` a poignant story of hope and solidarity , in spite of hate , '' and suggested it gives a `` raw , yet honest reflection of life as a Muslim in America . ''   The arson was the first hate-crime destroying a mosque in U.S. history . The Islamic Center had just been completed at an estimated cost of $ 1.8 million plus sweat equity of the Muslims of its rural community , including descendants of Pakistani who immigrated to the area 1902 . A fire marshal established that the blaze was started deliberately . Law enforcement reportedly were able to identify the probable perpetrator ( s ) of the crime but lacked sufficient evidence to name and prosecute them .   The incident , seven years before 9/11 , attracted relatively little attention at the time , and this is suggested to have contributed to the failure of law enforcement to solve the crime . The documentary includes interviews of Muslim members of the mosque , law enforcement officers , and others in the community 20 years later .   The replacement mosque was completed in 2000 .   IMDB describes the film succinctly as :   The film was to be screened and discussed at `` Neighbor to Neighbor '' , an East Bay partnership of Christian , Muslim and Jewish organizations , in an event including filmmaker Washburn . The artist promoting the event noted that Washburn considered gatherings like that to be important for being proactive rather than reactive : `` Although recent events like the terrorist killings in Paris and ongoing extremism by groups like ISIS , Boko Haram and al-Qaida cast dark shadows , Washburn said -LSB- by -RSB- reflecting on Islam in America , the focus of his documentary , the program will create a safe space where fears and frustrations can be shared . '' Washburn has elsewhere spoken of the timeliness of the film .   The film premiered on TV on PBS TV in New York City in June 2014 .

neg: Dušan Zivlak Dušan Zivlak ( Nakovo , 1950 ) is a Serbian painter , born in Nakovo , Serbia , in 1950 . He was educated in Nakovo and Kikinda and graduated from Faculty of Fine Arts of University of Arts in Belgrade . He is a painter and sculptor . He has lived in Paris since 1950 . He has been a member of La Maison des Artistes de Paris since 1983 . His key activities are figurative paining ( acrylic , oil , combined techniques ) and drawing ( graphite pencil , pastels , crayons , combined techniques ) . By making his painting come to life via a spirit of estranged meetings , unconnectable connections and genre sacrilege , Dušan Zivlak has not strived towards a new order , new hierarchy of values and goals that would only put new clothes on old normativism . From one painting to the next , Zivlak surrenders his artistic coordinates , grafting of his figures , items and legends , his `` bricolage '' of scenes , themes , styles and motifs to a spontaneous , almost wild montage of attraction and distraction , addition and bursts , in which the artistic scene in a way incorporates the viewer .  In the present artistic moment , in the conditions of developed pluralism , an option that Dušan Zivlak stands for in his art has a full-fledged legitimacy . His paintings are a true conglomerate of contemporary artistic information , and it contains a significant dose of visual artistic energy that affects the perception of a viewer in a suggestive manner . That energy is built out of numerous individual pieces of data in a painting , all combined using a technique of collage , and is built out of impulses of everyday life broken through a prism of the artist , as well as the awareness of the civilization meaning of art and its sense .   In 2011 , Dušan Zivlak was invited to be a guest lecturer at Université des Beaux-Arts ( Kede College of Capital Normal University ) in Beijing , China . There , he took part in a conference and display titled The Art of Global Communication , and received an honorary academic title at Université des Beaux-Arts of Kede College of Capital Normal University , Beijing .

neg: Portrait of Louis Guillaume Portrait of Louis Guillaume is an oil on canvas portrait by Paul Cézanne painted c. 1882 . Guillaume was the son of friends of the artist and a friend of Cézanne 's son , Paul . Here he is portrayed in a highly sculpted manner with a near-expressionless , uncommunicative face , and an immobile , lifeless body . In form and complexity , the painting is ahead of its time . It contains many abstractions , mostly in its presentation of the head and body as simple , solid shapes , a technique later taken up and developed by Henri Matisse .   The work 's low-key colours , mostly greys , whites and dark greens , achieve a sombre tone , echoed by the shy reserve on the boy 's face . While his skin is rendered with pearly white paint , giving the surface a lively sheen or glow , this contrasts with his black , severely cropped hair and dark clothes , while his eyes are only black hollows . Heavy-lidded , they are , according to art critic Meyer Schapiro , `` without spiritual light ... they belong to a world of shadow . ''   One critic famously wrote that Cézanne painted the heads of friends as if they were apples , and that sense of cool detachment is evident in this work . Its formal qualities are reminiscent of a still-life or landscape , however while at first look there is evidence of the artist 's awareness of the `` abyss between human beings '' , there are signs of hope and connection in the delicately rendered tones of the cheeks , the ornament of the wall , the folds of the dress , and the cravat which echoes the verticals of the folds of the face and wall .   The painting was purchased by Ambroise Vollard by 1906 . It was sold to a Florentine collector c 1907 before it was sold in 1927 to Chester Dale in New York . In 1963 Dale donated the work to the National Gallery of Art in Washington , D.C. where it is on permanent display .

neg: COMBO COMBO , or COMBO Culture Kidnapper , is a French street artist who started by doing graffiti art in 2003 in the South of France . After seven years spent painting from Monaco to Marseille , he moved to Paris in 2010 and became an art director at a major advertising agency . Putting his spray paint cans aside , he then started doing wheat paste .   Combo 's work focuses around culture and visual jamming , as illustrated by his cartoon series , in which he manipulates iconic pictures , replacing some elements by others taken from the comics or the video games universe to change these pictures ' meaning according to what he wants to express .   By appealing to generation Y 's pop culture , Combo hits his target at heart and takes it back to the unfairness that makes our world - whether cultural , financial or identity-related .   Combo was `` savagely beaten '' by `` four youths '' on 30 January 2015 and suffered a dislocated shoulder after he painted a wall at Porte Dorée near Paris with the word `` coexist '' written with letters created from religious symbols .

neg: Tomasz Rut Tomasz Rut ( pronounced root ) was born in 1961 and raised in Warsaw , Poland , the son of an Olympic athlete father and artist mother who together encouraged a love of art and the classics . During his childhood Rut was introduced to the Pompeiien Frescos as well as Renaissance and Baroque art , which have influenced his oils on canvas , murals , and graphic works . Rut had his first showing in Warsaw at the age of eleven .   Trained in Art Conservation at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw , Rut continued his education in New York City at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and at Columbia University in Manhattan . He eventually took a job in art conservation for the Biltmore House in Asheville , North Carolina , traveling the east coast restoring large scale murals in museums and mansions for such clients as the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Treasury Department in Washington , DC , the New Jersey State House in Trenton , the Gusman Center for the Arts and Vizcaya Museum in Miami .   It was during these travels he began to notice the void of figurative paintings from the past that one could purchase , so Rut invented a style aimed at filling this void . This style incorporated cracked canvasses that mimic aged Italian frescoes and figurative oils . `` The one element evident in all of my paintings is the superficial patina or aging , '' which is created with a variety of transparent and semitransparent glazes , giving each work the aged and classic appearance that exemplifies Rut 's style .   Rut 's mural size paintings are contemporary conversions of the classical vocabulary variously continued by Michelangelo , Raphael , Titian , and Rubens . In making them he returns to antiquity by a double detour . First , he sets in motion the charming unreal apparatus of the Quattrocento mise-en-scene , and more importantly its heroic nudity , vigorous modeling , expressive anatomic structure , powerful movement and fascinating physiognomy . Tinged with sadness , his super-human youths play once more on Arcadian pipes ( i.e. pan flute ) - a motif also reprised by Matisse . Alternatively , he offers us impossible delicate , gracile females - ` still unravished bride ( s ) of quietness ' - delimiting them with sylvan togas and braided tresses . Nor does he leave rearing steeds , which in the grand manner represent humanity 's turbulent passions .   Dorothy Keane-White , Art Curator & Director for Northwood University .   The subjects of Rut 's paintings , whether a figure , horse , or object , is at the center of every work , surrounded by compressed space with few background details to distract from the subject .

neg: Allison Torneros Allison Torneros , known as Hueman , is an Oakland-based graffiti artist and painter . Her best-known works include a Nike-commissioned portrait of Kobe Bryant , a mural for P Diddy 's Revolt TV office and `` Ritual '' , a 9-day , free-styled , floor-to-ceiling mural installation in a 5,000 sq foot warehouse space . In 2013 , Hueman was one of the first artists commissioned to paint a mural after Los Angeles lifted its street art ban . Her biggest canvas to date has been a 90-foot wall at San Francisco 's Ian Ross Gallery .  In May 2014 , Hueman was named one of LA Weekly 's People of the Year and was featured on a limited-edition cover of the issue .   In 2015 , she and Daniela Rocha , founder of Rocha Art , curated Wander and Wayfare , which featured murals painted around San Francisco by eight female street artists , as well as a gallery art show . The event `` will be an annual exhibition and mural festival that plans to brighten the future of the San Francisco art scene . '' In July , she also participated in the second annual series of Sea Walls : Murals for Oceans , organized by PangeaSeed in Cozumel , Mexico . Hueman 's latest solo exhibition Just One Moment runs September 19 , 2015 through October 10 , 2015 at Mirus Gallery in San Francisco .   Hueman 's signature style includes bright colors and elements of abstract portraiture . Her work has been described as a product of `` free association . '' `` Drawing first abstractly and without a definite idea , she will return to the work several times and refine images she sees in the primary , elemental composition . ''   The name `` Hueman '' comes from the feelings she had after starting to paint murals for the first time . In a profile in Juxtapoz , she states , `` I began painting murals after a dark period in my life when I felt like there was nothing left to lose , and when I painted big for the first time , it was like a light switch turned on . Once I got out of my studio and onto the street , I was using my entire body to paint , I was talking to people , I was collaborating , I was in the sun . I felt alive again . I literally felt human . That 's where the name Hueman comes from . ''   Since street art is a medium notoriously dominated by men , Hueman is especially notable as a female breakthrough artist .   Hueman graduated from the University of California Los Angeles in 2008 with a degree in Design & Media Arts . She is Filipino American .

neg: All-over painting All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art , for instance a painting . This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called `` drip '' paintings of Jackson Pollock and the `` automatic writing '' or `` abstract calligraphy '' of Mark Tobey in the 1950s , though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that . `` All-over painting '' is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an `` art movement . '' Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the `` all-over '' painting style . Such a painting would fail to treat the top , for instance , differently from the bottom ; the left than the right . Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting . All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest , or any indication of which way is `` up . '' Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them .   Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel 's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen .


query: Kazakhstan is located in India.

pos: Kazakhstan Kazakhstan ( -LSB- USkæzækˈstæn , _ ˌkɑːzɑːkˈstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- ˌkæzəkˈstɑːn , _ - ˈstæn -RSB- Қазақстан , tr . Qazaqstan , -LSB- qɑzɑqˈstɑn -RSB- ; Казахстан , tr . Kazakhstan ) , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ( Қазақстан Республикасы , tr . Qazaqstan Respwblïkası ; Республика Казахстан , tr . Respublika Kazakhstan ) , is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe . Kazakhstan is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 km ² . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60 % of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil/gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources .   Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18 million people , Given its large land area , its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq. mi . ) . The capital is Astana , where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty , the country 's largest city .   The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic tribes . This changed in the 13th century , when Genghis Khan occupied the country as part of the Mongolian Empire . Following internal struggles among the conquerors , power eventually reverted to the nomads . By the 16th century , the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group , divided into three jüz ( ancestor branches occupying specific territories ) . The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century , and by the mid-19th century , they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire . Following the 1917 Russian Revolution , and subsequent civil war , the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times . In 1936 , it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , part of the Soviet Union .   Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The current President , Nursultan Nazarbayev , has been leader of the country since then , and is characterised as authoritarian , with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition . Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy , especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry . Human Rights Watch says that `` Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly , speech , and religion , '' and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan 's human rights situation as poor .   Kazakhstan 's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs ( 63 % of the population ) , Russians , Uzbeks , Ukrainians , Germans , Tatars , and Uyghurs . Islam is the religion of about 70 % of the population , with Christianity practised by 26 % ; Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion , but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed . The Kazakh language is the state language , and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes .

neg: Transport in Kazakhstan The vast territory of Kazakhstan spans across 2,700,000 km2 . The population density is low in Kazakhstan , and the centers of industry and agriculture are spread out and remote from world markets . Therefore , the need for efficient transportation in Kazakhstan is great .   Kazakhstan is committed to regional infrastructure development . According to the Kazakhstan Ambassador to the U.S. , Kairat Umarov , Kazakhstan invested $ 18 billion in construction of airports , highways , and railroads in 2014 .

neg: Almaty Zoo Almaty Zoo is the state zoo of the city Almaty in Kazakhstan . The Almaty Zoo is one of the largest and oldest zoological parks in the Republic of Kazakhstan .   Almaty zoo is a member of the Eurasian Regional Association of Zoos and Aquariums ( EARAZA ) .

neg: Kazakh TV Kazakh TV is the first national satellite TV channel of the Khabar Agency , the largest media company in the Republic of Kazakhstan . The channel 's first programme was broadcast on 25 October 2002 as part of the CaspioNet franchise . The principal mission of Kazakh TV is to present a complete picture of Kazakhstan and Central Asia to foreign viewers .   Kazakh TV broadcasts informative and educational programmes 24 hours a day in Kazakh , Russian , and English . In conjunction with the major satellite operators Eutelsat and Orange S.A. , the channel transmits its signal to 93 countries throughout North America , Central America , Western Europe , Eastern Europe , North Africa , the Middle East , Central Asia and Transcaucasia . It has a potential audience of 253 million householders .   It provides relevant and objective information about Kazakhstan and Central Asia . The channel broadcasts the main local and international news as well as information about major political , economic and sporting events . The schedules are completed by documentaries , classical and contemporary feature films , children 's films , programmes of historical and ethnographic interest , and also views of the most interesting events in the cultural life of the country . These may include theatre performances and various exhibitions .   Satellites : Intelsat 904 ( Katelco Plus ) , Eutelsat ( SESAT ) , Astra 3A ( Kabel Deutschland ) , Hot Bird 8 , and as of November 2011 Galaxy 19 97 West .

neg: Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan ( Qazaxıstan azərbaycanlıları ) are part of the Azerbaijani diaspora . They are Kazakh citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background . According to the 2009 census , there were 85,292 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Kazakhstan ; Azerbaijanis comprised 0.5 % of Kazakhstan 's population and were the country 's tenth-largest ethnic minority . Most Azerbaijani-Kazakhs have immigrated to Kazakhstan from the Republic of Azerbaijan ; a small group of Iranian Azerbaijanis trapped by the Bolshevik taking of power in 1918 were also forced into Kazakhstan in 1938 .

neg: Economy of Punjab, India According to the 2008 Global Hunger Index , Punjab has the lowest level of hunger in India . Less than one-fourth of children below the age of five are underweight , although Punjab `` came off worse than countries like Gabon and Vietnam when measured on the index '' .   Punjab has relatively good infrastructure . This includes road , rail , air and river transport links that are extensive throughout the region . Punjab has also one of the lowest poverty rate in India at 6.16 % ( 1999-2000 figures ) , and has won the best state performance award , based on statistical data compiled by the Indian Government . In 2012 , the state was one of the highest receiver of overall remittances to India which stood at $ 66.13 billion ( 4547429450000.00 Indian Rupees ) , below Kerala , Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh .

neg: South Asia South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by West Asia , Central Asia , East Asia , and Southeast Asia .   The current territories of Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Maldives , Nepal , India , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka form the countries of South Asia . The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia .   South Asia covers about 5.1 million km2 ( 1.9 million mi2 ) , which is 11.51 % of the Asian continent or 3.4 % of the world 's land surface area . The population of South Asia is about 1.749 billion or about one fourth of the world 's population , making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world . Overall , it accounts for about 39.49 % of Asia 's population ( or over 24 % of the world 's population ) and is home to a vast array of peoples .   In 2010 , South Asia had the world 's largest population of Hindus , Jains and Sikhs . There are 507 million Muslims as well as over 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists in South Asia .

neg: Satbayev Kazakh National Technical University Kazakh National Research Technical University ( Қазақ Ұлттық Техникалық Зерттеу Университет , Qazaq Ulttıq Texnïkalıq Zertteu Wnïversïtet , Казахский Национальный Технический Исследовательский Университет , Kazakhskiy Natsional ` nîy Tekhnicheskiy Issledovatel ` skiy Universitet ) named after Kanysh Satpayev is a leading technical university in Almaty , Kazakhstan .

neg: Soviet Central Asia Soviet Central Asia refers to the section of Central Asia formerly controlled by the Soviet Union , as well as the time period of Soviet administration ( 1918 -- 1991 ) . Central Asian SSRs declared independence in 1991 . In terms of area , it is nearly synonymous with Russian Turkestan , the name for the region during the Russian Empire . Soviet Central Asia went through many territorial divisions before the current borders were created in the 1920s and 1930s .

neg: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic Tajikistan ( -LSB- tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn -RSB- , or -LSB- tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn -RSB- Тоҷикистон , Таджикистан , -LSB- tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn -RSB- ) ; officially the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic ( Tajik SSR ; Республикаи Советии Социалистии Тоҷикистон , Respublikaji Sovetiji Sotsialistiji Toçikiston ; Таджикская Советская Социалистическая Республика , Tadzhikskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ) and the Republic of Tajikistan ( Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон , Çumhuriji Toçikiston ; Республика Таджикистан , Respublika Tadzhikistan ) , also commonly known as Soviet Tajikistan was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union existed from 1929 to 1991 located in Central Asia as an landlocked state .   The Tajik Republic was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union . It succeeded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( Tajik ASSR ) , which had been created on 14 October 1924 as a part of the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR in the process of national delimitation in Soviet Central Asia . On 24 August 1990 , the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty in its borders . The republic was renamed to the Republic of Tajikistan on 31 August 1991 and declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 9 September 1991 .   Geographically , at 143100 km2 , it was bordered by Afghanistan to the south , Uzbekistan to the west , Kirghizia to the north , and China to the east . Pakistan was to the south , separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor .

neg: Constitution of Kazakhstan The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( Қазақстан Республикасының Конституциясы , Qazaqstan Respuwblïkasınıñ Konstïtuwcïyası ; Конституция Республики Казахстан , Konstitutsuya Respubliki Kazakhstan ) is the highest law of Kazakhstan , as stated in Article 4 . The Constitution was approved by referendum on 30 August 1995 .

neg: Miss Kazakhstan Miss Kazakhstan is a national beauty pageant in Kazakhstan .

neg: Media of Kazakhstan The media of Kazakhstan ( Қазақстанның республикасы бұқаралық ақпарат құралдары , Qazaqstannıñ respuwblïkası buqaralıq aqparat quraldarı ) refers to mass media outlets based in The Republic of Kazakhstan . Media of Kazakhstan are a set of public information transfer agencies in the Republic of Kazakhstan . The Constitution of Kazakhstan guarantees freedom of press , but privately owned and opposition media have been subject of censorship . In 2004 the International Federation of Journalists identified a `` growing pattern '' of intimidation of the media , and in 2012 several opposition media outlets were ordered to be shut down on charges of promoting `` extremism '' .   All media must register with the Ministry of Culture , Information and Sports , with the exception of websites .

neg: Kurds in Kazakhstan Kurds in Kazakhstan refers to the people born in or residing in Kazakhstan who are of Kurdish origin . According to the most recent Kazakh census in 2011 , the Kurdish population is 38,325 or 0.2 % of the population , but Vice President of the Kurdish Association of Kazakhstan , Malikshah Gasanov numbers the population up to 46,000 , because many Kurds list themselves as Turks and Azeris .  Most of the Kurdish population in Kazakhstan were deported by Stalin from Armenia , Azerbaijan and Georgia . Years later , Kurds immigrated to Kazakhstan from the neighbouring countries , Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan .   In cities with a substantial Kurdish population , Kurdish literature and Kurdish language is taught in the primary and secondary schools . In the village of Kashkabulak , Kurdish students can study Kurdish through 12th grade . And since 1990 , Kurds also have had their own newspaper , the Kurdistan newspaper .

neg: India–Qatar relations India -- Qatar relations refers to the bilateral ties between India and Qatar . India maintains an embassy in Doha , while Qatar maintains an embassy in New Delhi .

neg: .kz . kz and . қаз ( abbreviation of Қазақстан , tr . Qazaqstan ) are the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) for Kazakhstan .   Registrations can be made directly at the second level ( with no requirement of Kazakhstan presence ) or at the third level beneath categories which have specific restrictions , and are generally limited to Kazakhstan-related entities .

neg: Kazakhstani presidential election, 2015 Early presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 26 April 2015 , having been originally scheduled for 2016 . The result was a victory for long-term incumbent President Nursultan Nazarbayev of Nur Otan , who received 97.7 % of the vote , winning a fifth term in office .

neg: Abish Kekilbayev Abish Kekilbayev ( Kazakh : Әбіш Кекілбайұлы ; Кекилбаев Абиш Кекилбаевич ) ( 6 December 1939 -- 11 December 2015 ) , public and political figure , Hero of Labor , National writer of Kazakhstan , laureate of the State Prize , a philologist , academician of the Academy of Social Sciences , Emeritus Professor of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and of the L. Gumilyov Eurasian State University .   In 1962 Abish Kekilbayev graduated from the philological faculty of the S.M. Kirov Kazakh State University .   In the Soviet period he served as the deputy minister of culture of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , the second secretary of board of the Union of writers , the head of department of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Kazakhstan , Head of the Records Office for Culture and Inter-Ethnic Relations of the Kazakh SSR Presidential Administration , the editor-in-chief of the Yegemen Kazakhstan newspaper , the literary employee of the Kazakh adebiety newspaper , the head of literature and art department of the Leninshyl zhas newspaper editorial office .   Abish Kekilbayev was elected Deputy of the Supreme Soviet ( Council ) of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the twelfth convocations , the chairman of Committee on national policy , cultural development and language of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan .   From April 1994 through May 1995 he was the Chairman of the Republic of Kazakhstan Supreme Soviet ( 13th convocation ) . At the same time we should acknowledge , that the Supreme Soviet of the thirteenth convocation put the prerequisites of further development of parliamentarism in Kazakhstan . Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the thirteenth convocation A. Kekilbayev noted : `` Creation of professional Parliament can be called without any stretch , one of the biggest events in the socio-political life of this year . Undoubtedly , the beginning of its work will enter the Kazakhstani historic calendar as one of the notable milestones in formation of new statehood and democracy ... We have never had a professional Parliament and we have to act by the method of trials and errors ... Gradually goes the crystallization of powers of the Supreme Soviet , possessing new status '' .   On the eve of Kazakhstan independence , he was addressing the issues of Kazakh language , onomastics , national history , socio-cultural aspects and international relations .   In May 1995 Kekilbayev was appointed State Advisor to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan . In December 1995 he was elected Deputy of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( 1st convocation ) , Chairman of the Committee on International Affairs , Defense and Security of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan .   From October 1996 through January 2002 he served as Secretary of State of the Republic of Kazakhstan . In 2002 was an Advisor to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan .   In 2002 Abish Kekilbayev was appointed Deputy of the Senate of Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan . Senator of 2nd , 3rd and 4th convocations . A member of National Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan , the Assembly of people of Kazakhstan . A member of the Organization of the Central Asian states . A member of the group of cooperation with the Congress of the USA , with House of Councillors of Japan , with the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia .

neg: Kashmir conflict The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan , having started just after the partition of India in 1947 . China has at times played a minor role . India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir , including the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947 and 1965 , as well as the Kargil War of 1999 . The two countries have also been involved in several skirmishes over control of the Siachen Glacier .   India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir , and , , administers approximately 43 % of the region . It controls Jammu , the Kashmir Valley , Ladakh , and the Siachen Glacier . India 's claims are contested by Pakistan , which administers approximately 37 % of Jammu and Kashmir , namely Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan . China currently administers Demchok district , the Shaksgam Valley , and the Aksai Chin region . China 's claim over these territories has been disputed by India since China took Aksai Chin during the Sino-Indian War of 1962 .   The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley . The root of conflict between the Kashmiri insurgents and the Indian government is tied to a dispute over local autonomy and based on the demand for self-determination . Democratic development was limited in Kashmir until the late 1970s , and by 1988 , many of the democratic reforms introduced by the Indian Government had been reversed . Non-violent channels for expressing discontent were thereafter limited and caused a dramatic increase in support for insurgents advocating violent secession from India . In 1987 , a disputed state election created a catalyst for the insurgency when it resulted in some of the state 's legislative assembly members forming armed insurgent groups . In July 1988 a series of demonstrations , strikes and attacks on the Indian Government began the Kashmir Insurgency .   Although thousands of people have died as a result of the turmoil in Jammu and Kashmir , the conflict has become less deadly in recent years . Protest movements created to voice Kashmir 's disputes and grievances with the Indian government , specifically the Indian Military , have been active in Jammu and Kashmir since 1989 . Elections held in 2008 were generally regarded as fair by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and had a high voter turnout in spite of calls by separatist militants for a boycott . The election resulted in the creation of the pro-India Jammu and Kashmir National Conference , which then formed a government in the state . According to Voice of America , many analysts have interpreted the high voter turnout in this election as a sign that the people of Kashmir endorsed Indian rule in the state . But in 2010 unrest erupted after alleged fake encounter of local youth with security force . Thousands of youths pelted security forces with rocks , burned government offices and attacked railway stations and official vehicles in steadily intensifying violence . The Indian government blamed separatists and Lashkar-e-Taiba , a Pakistan-based militant group for stoking the 2010 protests .   Elections held in 2014 saw highest voters turnout in 26 years of history in Jammu and Kashmir . However , analysts explain that the high voter turnout in Kashmir is not an endorsement of Indian rule by the Kashmiri population , rather most people vote for daily issues such as food and electricity . An opinion poll conducted by the Chatham House international affairs think tank found that in the Kashmir valley -- the mainly Muslim area in Indian Kashmir at the centre of the insurgency -- support for independence varies between 74 % to 95 % in its various districts . Support for remaining with India was , however , extremely high in predominantly Hindu Jammu and Buddhist Ladakh .   Indian forces have committed many human rights abuses and acts of terror against Kashmiri civilian population including extrajudicial killing , rape , torture and enforced disappearances . Crimes by militants have also happened but are not comparable in scale with the crimes of Indian forces .  According to Amnesty International , as of June 2015 , no member of the Indian military deployed in Jammu and Kashmir has been tried for human rights violations in a civilian court , although there have been military court martials held . Amnesty International welcomed this move but cautioned that justice should be consistently delivered and prosecutions of security forces personnel be held in civilian courts . Amnesty International has also accused the Indian government of refusing to prosecute perpetrators of abuses in the region .   Kashmir 's accession to India was provisional , and conditional on a plebiscite , and for this reason had a different constitutional status to other Indian states . In October 2015 Jammu and Kashmir High Court said that article 370 is `` permanent '' and Jammu and Kashmir did not merge with India the way other princely states merged but retained special status and limited sovereignty under Indian constitution .   In 2016 ( 8 July 2016 -- present ) unrest erupted after killing of a Hizbul Mujahideen militant Burhan Wani by Indian security forces .

neg: Aktogay, East Kazakhstan Region Aktogay ( Ақтоғай , Aqtoğay , اقتوعاي -LSB- ɑqtu̯ʊʁɑj -RSB- ) is a town in Ayagoz District , East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan and major railway hub of Turkestan-Siberian Railway .   Aktogay is located in Balkhash-Alakol lowlands , close to Balkhash lake . The Ayagoz river 's mouth is located nearby Aktogay . The climate is continental . Summer is hot +40 ° , winter is cold -40 ° . The distance to district center Ayagoz is 100 km , to the region center Ust-Kamenogorsk is 420 km , to Astana , the capital of Kazakhstan is 1250 km .   The major copper deposit is discovered close to Aktogay town . This is the fourth reserves of copper in the world . Aktogay Mine and copper extraction plant was completed there and the copper cathodes production started in 2011 . The capital cost account $ 1.5-2 billion and the production capacity is 100.000 tones per annum .  The city is about 30 km from Lake Balkhash .

neg: Asian Relations Conference The Asian Relations Conference took place in New Delhi in March-April 1947 . It was hosted by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru , who then headed a provisional government that was preparing for India 's Independence , which came on 15 August 1947 . The Asian Relations Conference brought together many leaders of the independence movements in Asia , and represented a first attempt to assert Asian unity . The objectives of the conference were `` to bring together the leading men and women of Asia on a common platform to study the problems of common concern to the people of the continent , to focus attention on social , economic and cultural problems of the different countries of Asia , and to foster mutual contact and understanding . ''   In his writings and speeches , Nehru had laid great emphasis on the manner in which post-colonial India would rebuild its Asia connections . At this conference Nehru declared : '' ... Asia is again finding herself ... one of the notable consequences of the European domination of Asia has been the isolation of the countries of Asia from one another . ... Today this isolation is breaking down because of many reasons , political and otherwise ... This Conference is significant as an expression of that deeper urge of the mind and spirit of Asia which has persisted ... In this Conference and in this work there are no leaders and no followers . All countries of Asia have to meet together in a common task ... ''